ee 5 = = Sacro oF wy) Bay PLAY AAA 8" Bt) Mes SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 ““ EVERY MAN IS A VALUABLE MEMBER OF SOCIETY WHO, BY HIS OBSERVATIONS, RESEARCHES, AND EXPERIMENTS, PROCURES KNOWLEDGE FOR MEN '’— SMITHSON (PUBLICATION 2160) ClLEY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 1912 i 1? 0 a ye ad, West ADVERTISEMENT The present series, entitled “Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collec- tions,” is intended to embrace all the octavo publications of the Insti- tution, except the Annual Report. Its scope is not limited, and the volumes thus far issued relate to nearly every branch of science. Among these various subjects zodlogy, bibliography, mineralogy, and anthropology have predominated. The Institution also publishes a quarto series entitled “ Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge.” It consists of memoirs based on ex- tended original investigations, which have resulted in important additions to knowledge. CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Secretary of the Smithsoman Institution. Washington, D. C., December 18, 1912. (iii) CONTENTS 1. Fow ts, F. KE. Smithsonian Physical Tables. Fifth revised edition. Published 1910. XXXIV, 318 pp. (Pub. No. 1944.) 2. Hess, Frank L. and Eva. Bibliography of the Geology and Miner- alogy of Tin. Published 1912. V, 408 pp. (Pub. No. 1987.) (v) Cie Wo Pye) ; ‘ Sila : LP , a a pant rile | ee - i Oc ; X / ' ' 7 AN Taare D ny - J of i i % Ayre ¥ a 7 aa t Pe bs SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 58, NUMBER 1 SMITHSONIAN Pax ol Al TABLES FIFTH REVISED EDITION PREPARED BY ree ON Vier AID, SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY 2220000002 (PUBLICATION 1944) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 1910 aed = oF ve 0 ea ae hee © hi opulent ae | oe yr Pei ae Lh mis i 3 ‘4 Sy 5 8: *. Ae aa Hasty ia al “7 ae Vai -b — » ADVERTISEMENT, In connection with the system of meteorological observations established by the Smithsonian Institution about 1850, a series of meteorological tables was compiled by Dr. Arnold Guyot, at the request of Secretary Henry, and the first edition was published in 1852. Though primarily designed for meteorological observers reporting to the Smithsonian Institution, the tables were so widely used by physicists that it seemed desirable to recast the work entirely. It was decided to publish three sets of tables, each representative of the latest knowledge in its field, and independent of one another, but forming a homogeneous series. The first of the new series, Meteorological Tables, was published in 1893, the second, Geographical Tables, in 1894, and the third, Physical Tables, in 1896. In 1909 yet another volume was added, so that the series now comprises : Smithsonian Meteorological Tables, Smithsonian Geographical Tables, Smithsonian Physical Tables, and Smithsonian Mathematical Tables. The fourteen years which have elapsed since the publication of the first edition of the Physical Tables, prepared by Professor Thomas Gray, have brought such changes in the material upon which the tables must be based that it became necessary to prepare this almost wholly new set of tables for the present edition. CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Secretary, Smithsonian Lnstitution, Fune, 1910. PRE ACE: The present Smithsonian Physical Tables are the outcome of a radical revision of the set of tables compiled by Professor Thomas Gray in 1896. Recent data and many new tables have been added for which the references to the sources have been made more complete ; and several mathematical tables have been added, —some of them especially computed for this work. The inclusion of these mathematical tables seems warranted by the demand for them. In order to pre- serve a uniform change of argument and to facilitate comparison, many of the numbers given in some tables have been obtained by interpolation in the data actually given in the papers quoted. Our gratitude is expressed for many suggestions and for help in the improve- ment of the present edition: to the U. S. Bureau of Standards for the revision of the electrical, magnetic, and metrological tables and other suggestions ; to the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey for the revision of the magnetic and geodetic tables ; to the U. S. Geological Survey for various data; to Mr. Van Orstrand for several of the mathematical tables; to Mr. Wead for the data on the musical scales; to Mr. Sosman for the new physical-chemistry data; to Messrs. Abbot, Becker, Lanza, Rosa, and Wood; to the U. S. Bureau of Forestry and to others. We are also under obligation to the authors and publishers of Landolt-Bornstein- Meyerhoffer’s Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen (1905) and B. O. Peirce’s Mathe- matical Tables for the use of certain tables. It is hardly possible that any series of tables involving so much transcribing, interpolation, and calculation should be entirely free from errors, and the Smith- sonian Institution will be grateful, not only for notice of whatever errors may be found, but also for suggestions as to other changes which may seem advisable for later editions. F. E. Fowl e. ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, June, 1910 TApeEVyOL CONTENTS Introduction on units of measurement and conversion factors. ° Units of measurement: general discussion . : Dimension formule for dynamic units . : . : : “* heat units : 3 5 : ; ie of electric and magnetic units: general discussion. : FS formule in electrostatic system . ° ° : : : ‘ ‘““ electromagnetic system . 2 ‘ : Practical units of electricity, legalization of . ° : ; : ° TABLE 1. Formule for conversion factors: (2) Fundamental units’ . : (4) Derived units ; : PAGE XV XV xvii Xxili XXV XXxvi XX1X XXXili I. Geometric and dynamic units II. Heat units . 2 5 III. Magnetic and electric units 2. Tables for converting U. S. weights and measures: (1) Customary to metric . : : : : (2) Metric to customary . : : 3. Equivalents of metric and British imperial Ferenc and measures : (1) Metric to imperial . : ; ; ‘ ° (2) Multiples, metric to Sar : : (3) Imperial to metric . : ? : : (4) Multiples, imperial to metric : Volume of a glass vessel from weight of its wala of water or mercury 4 5. Elementary differential coefficients and integrals 6. Reciprocals, squares, cubes and square roots of natural numbers 7 8 Logarithms, 1000-2000 3 : 2 ; , : . Logarithms - : ; : : : : g. Antilogarithms . : : : : : ° : : : 1o. Antilogarithms, .gooo—1.0000 . : : ° : : 11. Circular (trigonometric) functions, argument (° ,’ ) : aca es “ « argument (radians) 12a. Factorials, n!, n==1 to 100. : ‘ ; : : : ; 13. Values of : ae (hyperbolic sines), for values of x from o to 5 14. Logarithms of gone ev te* 2 15. Values of (hyperbolic cosines), for values of x from o to 5 (hyperbolic sines), for values of x from o to 5 Own N WN nun Io It 12 a3 22 24 28 30 35 38 39 40 4I vi. 16. ar. 18. 19. 20. 2I. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Bilis 32. 33: 34. 35: 37: 38. 39: 40. Al; 42. 43. 44. 45. 47. CONTENTS. e*+e* 2 Values of ¢* and e~ and their logarithms for x from o to 10 Logarithms of (hyperbolic cosines) for values of x from o to § “ log, é for values of x from 10 to 30 “ « ¢@ ande™ and their logarithms . : : 7 ea 6c 66 of and e* “c “c 66 x vz2 vay 6c “é e 4 ande 4 “ ‘“c e 3 ‘ . A a sO’ Se sanagren and, a: for fractional values of x . Probability of errors of observations: probability integral . : ° 6c 6“ oe “cc ce “cc 6é Values of 0.6745 — ° . ; : : ; : “ “ I 0.6745 Viz ° . . . . . : : I : “0.8453 n(n—t1) I fo JO S458 PR are ‘ . : . : . ° Inverse of probability integral. Diffusion : 7 Logarithms of the gamma function I'(7) for values of 7 becneer rand 2 Values for the first seven zonal harmonics from 6= 0° to 6=9g0° “« = log, M/47,/aa' for facilitating the calculation of the mutual inductance between two coaxial circles. . : : : Value for v. ?(1—sin’sin’¢)+4d@ for different values of 6; also the corresponding logarithms . : : Moments of inertia, radii of gyration, sopespontine weights British standard wire gauge: diameters, sections . Birmingham wire gauge ot cs (For Brown and Sharp gauge, see tables 40 and an) Cross section and weights of wires (copper, iron, brass), British units . “cs “ ce “ “cc ce ce “ce 6c metric units . ss - es eS “ aluminum wire: British and metric units . Size, weight and electrical constants of copper wire, Brown and Sharp gauge: common units Same as table 40, but in metric measure Weight in grammes per square metre of sheet meee “« “ yarious common units of sheet metal Strength of materials: (z) metals : : : A : . : (6) stones . ° . , ° . (c) brick . : ° . . : ° (7) concretes . ° . . a F as timber tests . ° . . 5 “cc “ “ “ “ca - Ss a x Moduli of rigidity . . . . . . . : . : 42 43 44 45 46 47 47 48 49 49 49 50 52 54 57 59 59 60 64 66 68 70 70 71 71 71 yk 72 73 74 CONTENTS. vii 47a, Variation of the moduli of ee with the temperature. : ° 74 48. Young’s modulus . : ‘ . 2 a5 49. Compressibility of the more important ‘aol atemente: . . 76 50. Hardness . . : ° : : . . ua76 51. Relative hardness of the sarene . : . : . . «x6 52. Poisson’s ratio . : : : : : : : 76 53. Elastic moduli of crystals, foots . 7 : : : : eOny 54- 7 Fee* fee eS numerical results : : : : - 78 ss. Compressibility of O, air, N, H at different pressures and temperatures 79 56. oF “ ethylene a ‘ * s 79 WE “cc oe “c 6s “6 6c 6c 66 79 58. ‘s “ carbon dioxide at “ “4 y cS 80 59: “ ** gases, values of a ° 80 60. - “ air and oxygen between 18° ad 2a, © 80 61. Relation between pressure, temperature and volume of sulphur dione 81 62. $ s i * i) * ammonia 81 63. Compressibility of liquids . ° ° : 82 64. < ares ; : : : : : : ° 83 65. Specific gravities corresponding to the Beaumé scale . 84 66. Densities of the solid and liquid elements . . . 85 67. . “‘ various woods . ; . : : . . ° 2,107 68. ‘Via i SOlidS:. : : : ; : ° ° - 88 69. ri “ee alloyst): : : . . . : 89 70. : Sore “On a RIGIClSt . 3 : : ¢ ° go ail. % or, oe kor SaSes : gI a2. oma ss gees solutions a salts, pases and fide : 92 73. Density of water between o° and 36° C MiOA 74. Volume of water at temperatures between 0° aati 36° C in terms of its volume at the temperature of maximum density 95 75. Density and volume of water at different temperatures from —10 to 250 °C 96 76. S 4 ° : . Reduction of barometer to standard temperature. ; : : = i - < Et gravity, inch and metric scales 4 : “ Jatitude 45°: inch scale. : : “cc ce 66 6é «c oe metric scale $ - z Correction of barometer for capillarity: inch and metric scale. Aerodynamics: data for wind pressures. : : : : i “ _“ the soaring of planes. : ° : Coefficients of friction . : : : . ; . ° ; Viscosity of water at different temperatures : Coefficients of viscosity for solutions of alcohol in water. Specific viscosity of mineral oils . ; : : : : re s “* various oils . ° . ; : : it é“ “ce 6c liquids f i. sf es ‘“¢ temperature variation 6c 6c 6c ce ce sé sé atomic concentrations rs Ss “* gases and vapors . : : : . : . os oe te aes “« temperature variation : Diffusion of an aqueous solution into pure water . ° : : 7 “Vapors ¢ « : . . . ° . ° : ‘s “ gases and vapors. ° : ‘ : 7 : ‘ “ metals into metals . ° ° : . . ° Solubility of inorganic salts in water: temperature variation : “ a few organic salts in water: temperature variation. a ‘“* gases in water . : : : ° ; ; : Absorption of gases by liquids. : . ° : . Capillarity and surface tension: water and Bice in). ains ye - Hs a miscellaneous liquids in air ib $s aqueous solutions of salts mercury . : : : : Capillarity and surface tension : fiquids at sol Aitving peidbe . = : cS thickness of soap films : Vapor pressures . ° : : ° . : . _ “ of ethyl aivalel : . : 2 : af ‘methyl poe ° . : . : ne ne and temperatures: (a) carbon disulphide . (4) chlorobenzine (c) bromobenzine 3 (¢@) aniline . : : (e) methyl salicylate . (f) bromonaphthaline. (g) mercury ° ° 113 114 114 Ene 116 117 118 «LEQ 120 - 121 solutions: variation with density and temperature . 122 123 124 125 126 126 126 127 128 129 « 133 134 135 136 137 138 E39 140 140 141 142 142 - 142 Capillarity and surface tension: liquids in contact with air, water or 143 143 - 143 144 - 146 146 147 147 147 147 148 148 134. E35. 136. ma. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. rEO. 151. 152. nes. 154. TSS. 156. HS 158. 159. 160. r61. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. CONTENTS. ix Vapor pressures of solutions of salts in water. ; ° : - 149 Pressure of aqueous vapor at low temperatures . ; St “ sé s¢ <." oto roo © GBroch) ; ee ce « se «100° to 230° C (Regnault) . ° ce Weight in grains of aqueous vapor in a cubic foot of saturated air . 154 ‘SS grammes, Of))4 iil Staety eiMetresoraly tc eee aes Hygrometry, vapor pressure in the atmosphere G5 rf dew-points . : ; : : 2 ; ¢ +1156 Relative humidity . : : : : : : -, 158 Values of 0.378¢ in the atmospheric pressure equation j= Seen 159 Table for facilitating the calculation of 4/760 2 LOO). Logarithms of 4/760 for values of 4 between 80 and 800 . 160 Values of 1 + 0.00367 ¢: (a) for values of ¢ between o° and 10°C, by tenths . «162 GB) ine SSS 90% i '1990° C,\by tens «163 (c) logarithms for ¢ ‘ —49° ‘ +399" C, by units +, 104 (Z) ota e400" go" 19900..G,. by'tens - . 166 Determination of heights by the barometer . : : = LOZ Barometric pressures corresponding to different femiparatutes of the boiling-point of water : (2) Common measure . 168 (2) Metric measure 3 : - 169 Standard wave-lengths: Fabry-Buisson’s iron arc lines . 170 cS * “ red cadmium line - 170 Stronger lines of some of the elements ee (0) Rowland’s standard solar wave-lengths (also semmeations) oer Kayser’s standard iron arc lines (also corrections) “1, ERA Wave-lengths of the Fraunhofer lines “170 Photometric standards . 7 : E97 Sensitiveness of the eye to radiation of diferent wave- lengtltes low (threshold) intensities : : - 178 Sensitiveness of the eye: greater intensities . - 178 Sensibility of the eye to small differences of intensity (Heckman. - 178 Solar energy and its absorption by the earth’s atmosphere 199 The solar ‘“‘constant” of radiation and temperature of sun . «170 Distribution of intensity of radiation over solar disk « E59 Relative intensities of sunlight and sky-light - 179 Indices of refraction of Jena glasses - 180 ath ye scleas fs “ : : : : : - 180 aE rie ‘¢ ena ‘¢ temperature coefficients - 180 a tee ee “various alums . ° hoe coy te “metals and metallic oxides: (a2) Kundt’s experiments : - 182 (4) Du Bois and Rubens’ experiments - 182 (c) Drude’s experiments . : . : ‘ : » 182 Indices of refraction for rock salt : ‘ : d ‘ : - 183 Oat ce ‘i 1, “eS etemperatureicoemicients. : A938 SN ea 4 “« sylvine . ‘ : : ; - 183 7 ! 171. 72. : 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 190. I9I. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200, 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 205. CONTENTS, Indices of refraction for fluorite . ; ; : : ; - 184 anaes sf sf a temperature coefficients : : 184 Sscaeee c ‘<< “iceland Sparw. ; : 2 : : 184 ames “ “* nitroso-dimethyl-aniline . ; 7 ° - 184 eae ek ~ * quartz .. : . : . : : - 185 oa Pdi «various monorefringents. ; : : . 186 aoe ie be «uniaxial crystals. ; ° ; - 187 Rs re im “biaxial crystals . : . ° 187 Cees i ‘ ‘solutions of salts and acids: (a) solutions in water : : . - 188 (d) ‘ esaleohol ° : - 188 (c) “« potassium permanganate . 188 i 4 s “various liquids : : : ‘ : - 189 s a $s ‘* gases and vapors . : : : . - 190 Reflection of light, perpendicular incidence: various values of 7 . - 191 “incidence varying: ” near unity. : ° LOT cc 6 6c “cc “ N==1.55 Fs o : . IgI Reflection from metals : : . . : . ° : - 192 Transmission of Jena glasses ° ° ° ° ° : ; - 193 i ote me ° . ; ; . ° : e193 s “« “ ultra-violet glasses. 7 ‘ ‘ : 10S a “ alum, rock salt, sylvine, fluorite, Iceland spar, quartz 194 Color screens (Landolt) : : : . : : : : » 195 as “ (Wood) . : : : : : : : : - 195 - “(Jena glasses) : . : : : - 196 Rotation of the plane of polarized light by saliitions : : ° =1LO7 as OEE RT a ‘“« “sodium chlorate and quartz 197 Colors of thin films, Newton’s rings . : ° . . : - 198 Thermal conductivity of metals and alloys . ° : : : - 199 sf oe “‘ various substances . : : . . » 200 fs ss “« water and salt solutions . ° : : - 200 ‘ s “* organic liquids : : : ; : » 200 “ - Tr agases ls : . ; . . . - 200 Heat of combustion. : ; : : . ° : . » 201 Heat values and analyses of various fuels: (a) coals . : : s 202 (6) peats . : ‘ . 202 (c) liquid fuels . : - 202 Chemical and physical propos of explosives . : . : » 203 Heat of combination . : : : ; : * . . - 204 Latent heat of vaporization . ° : : . . . . - 206 ee << SS fusion. |. : ‘ . . . . ° . - 208 Melting-points of the chemical elements . ; : ; . » 209 Boiling-points “ “ a ‘ . : ° . . - 210 Melting-points of various inorganic compounds . . ° . Ee Boiling-points “ - " . . . . + 213 Melting points of various mixtures of metals . . : . » 214 “cc “cc ce 66 66 ce 6c“ 2 ig . . % 214 Low-melting-point alloys. : : ° . . . ° + 214 CONTENTS. xi 214. Densities, melting-points, boiling-points of organic compounds : (z) Paraffin series. : . 7 ° : : ah 2s (6) Olefine series . ° : : ° . : ° 21295 (c) Acetylene series . ° : : : : . : «216 (2) Monatomic alcohols . : : : : : : 4210 (e) Alcoholic ethers . ; 2 ’ : ; : : 216 (/) Ethyl ethers : : : : 3 : . - 216 215. Lowering of freezing-points by nate in solution . ‘ 3 257 216. Raising of boiling-points by salts in solution ; ° ang 217. Freezing mixtures : : . : 3 220 218. Critical temperatures, pressure, daluiniés aaa denaities of gases 225 219. Coefficients of linear expansion of the chemical elements . : «222 220. ie SP ee a ‘“* miscellaneous substances : =) 223 221. es ‘cubicale + ‘* crystalline and other solids. « 224 222. re ss 3 Be whiquids': . . : ‘ 225 223. s ‘* thermal expansion of gases . : . : : - 226 224. Mechanical equivalent of heat: various data ° . . ° 227 225. . oe ‘-) fadopted values: (Ames) 1)». . 3227 226. ¢ ¢s ‘) -* + €OnvVersion values . ° . « 227 227. Specific heats of the chemical elements . ° . . . 226 228. SSS water and mercury . ° . : : . o* 229 229. of “© 6“ various solids. ° ° : . . ° » 230 230; Sr igesie ) liguidsi:; : : . . : : “1230 231. i so SS 7 0) mainerals:and rocks : . ° ‘ 0235 232. s soiree)" ‘¢ gases and vapors . ° ° : : “4222 233- Gas and mercury thermometers: formule . : ° ‘ ° «238 234. Comparison of hydrogen and 16™ thermometers: 0° toroo°C. . +233 235. 7 “ % eS Ope ie Onto! To0:.€; 233 236. = - 4 “* 16" and 59™ thermometers: = to-35° C. 233 237. Comparison of air and 16™ glass thermometers: 0° to 300°C. . « 234 238. es Siensou. 3° ee 100° to 200° C, 234 239- - “ hydrogen and various mercury thermometers : 235 240. ¥ “ air and high temperature (59"") mercury thermometer . 235 241. es “ H., toluol, alcohol, petrol ether, pentane thermome- ters. . : . . : . . . . . » 235 242. Stem correction ae cherwioneters . . ° . . ‘ - 236 2Asse - € i . ° . . : . . - 237 2, a - ° . : . . ° . s 237 245. Radiation formulz and constants for perfect radiator . : . - 238 246. " in calories for perfect radiators at various temperatures » 238 247. He distribution in spectrum at various temperatures . . - 238 248. Cooling by radiation and convection ; ordinary pressures . : » 239 249. f § “ different pressures. . . » 239 250. rt s i % a very small pressures . : » 240 251. Cooling by radiation and convection : temperature and pressure effects 240 252. Properties and constants of saturated steam: metric measure’. » 241 253. 4 ‘s rf g te common measure . - 242 254. Ratio of the electrostatic to the electromagnetic unit of electricity . 247 xil 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 7%. 272. 2725 274. 275. 276. on. 278. 279. 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. 287. 288. 289. 290. 2Q1. 292. 293: 294. 295- 296. CONTENTS. Dielectric strength; steady potential for spark inair . . «= 248 a alternating potential for spark in air. . - 248 ne eS potentials for longer sparks in air ° ° - 249 nf ss effect of (air) pressure . : : : » 249 ie y of various materials . ; ° ° ° <2259 © “ ‘“‘ kerosene . : ; A : : 2500) Electromotive force of standard cells: absolute current measures = 254 Data for voltaic cells: (a) double fluid cells : . 2 : = 252 (6) single fluid cells ; : . : 202158 (c) standard cells. : . ; onze (¢) secondary (storage) cells . : : 9253 Contact differences of potential, solids with liquids and liquids with liquids in air. : : : ° : : . - 254 Contact differences of potential, solids with satire in-air . 250 Potential difference between metals in various salt solutions . - 257 Thermoelectric powers : : ° ° ‘ : : . - 258 cs «with platinum . ° ° ° . : » 259 Peltier effect : : : : : : ° : - 260 Various determinations of the Stina . : : ° ° . - 261 Specific resistance of metallic wires. : ; : ° ° 28202 a od ‘“* metals : : ° : : ° : » 263 Resistance of metals and alloys at low temperatures . . . - 264 Conductivity of three-metal and miscellaneous alloys . . : - 266 Conducting power of alloys . ; a : . - 267 Electric resistance with alternating currents (aiiaiaht Srices) ° - 269 International atomic weights and electrochemical equivalents . » 270 Conductivity of a few dilute solutions . . : : ° . « 272 Electrochemical equivalents and densities of nearly normal solutions . 272 Specific molecular conductivity of solutions . : : : = (293 ss a limiting eanes : ; © 274 fe ss rs ss “ temperature coefficients . 274 Equivalent conductivity of salts, acids, bases in solution. : 7 275 : be “ some additional salts in solution . . 277 conductance of the separate ions y : : ; - 278 Hydrolysis of ammonium acetate : ionization of water . : . . 278 Dielectric constants (specific inductive capacity) of gases « 279 “ce 6c 6c ce 6c 6c cc temperature coefficient : ° : : . ° , ; ° - 299 Dielectric constants (specific inductive ae of gases: pressure co- efficient . ‘ : : ° ° : . : ° 270 Dielectric constants of liquids : : : : : : , - 280 a fa «« “temperature coefficient . : : - 262 ny f liquefied gases . . : : 7 ° . 282 3 % standard solutions for calibrations. > - 283 Dielectric constants of solids ° ° . . . : ° - 283 ‘ * “crystals. : : : ° : - 284 Temperature variation of electrical resistance of glass, Bofeelaia : 2 206 Permeability of iron rings and wire, various inductions . : . 286 297. 2098. 299. 300. 301. 302. 303. 304. 305. 306. 307. 308. 309. 310. Sige g12. B13. 314. SEC. 316. 31 7- 318. 319. 320. 32%. B22; 323. 324. B25. 326. 327. 328. 329. 339: 33! 332- CONTENTS. Permeability of transformer iron : (a) specimen of Westinghouse No. 8 transformer . (d) “ - “ a6 c : (c) “cc 6c 6c 6c 4 6é 5 a (Z) & ‘* Thomson-Houston 1500-watt transformer . Magnetic properties of iron and steel : a8 i “ cast iron in intense fields . “* corrections for ring specimens Demagnetizing factors forrods . : : : . is “« Shuddemagen’s values : Composition and magnetic properties of iron and steel : Permeability of some of the specimens in Table 303. : ° Magnetic properties of soft iron at o° and 100° C. s : “'steelatio. and too.C.. ‘ as = *) cobalt at roa7C. ‘ : : ce “cs sc nickel “cs “cc “ec : se ‘“* magnetite . : : ° ; ss - * Lowmoor wrought iron. : : ‘ ‘“* Vicker’s tool steel. : ° . a . ‘“* Hadfield’s manganese steel Saturation values for different steels. : : : . Magnetic properties of iron in very weak fields. ° : Dissipation of energy in cyclic magnetization ot magnetic sulstances e ae seh fe Sacer tars “ cable transformers s iy eee ech Ta us “ various substances . Oto ad Eat aS eats * “ transformer steels Magneto-optic rotation, formulz: Verdet’s constant . ! < in solids . ‘ . : s s s ** liquids . : : : ‘ “ os “ solutions of salts and acidsii in water 6é 6 “ce “ec 6 sé 6c in alcohol : : “cc 6“ “cc 6c 6c “ 6c sé hydrochloric acid é “ce sé “ “cc gases - é Verdet’s and Kundt’s constants. ° . : Magnetic susceptibility of liquids and ee Values of Kerr’s constant . ; ; Variation of the resistance of Biante in rasenetic field “se “ 6c 6c sé nickel 6é 6c 6c s ae oe a “ various metals in a iiaeriette field Transverse galvanomagnetic and thermomagnetic effects 333- Variation of the Hall constant with the temperature . 334. Appendix: Mean specific heat of iron at high temperatures . 335: Total heat of iron to high temperatures. ° — - Definitions of units. ° ‘ : , : Index e e e . e . ° e e ° °. e xiii - 286 - 287 3 287 - 287 - 288 - 288 . 288 - 289 - 289 « 290 292 « 292 » 292 + 293 200 «203 ==> — == —* == 4.467... Hence the velo- city =60 X 1.467 = 88.0 in feet per second. 5. Angle. — An angle is measured by the ratio of the length of an arc to the length of the radius of the arc. The dimension formula and the conversion factor are therefore both unity. 6. Angular Velocity. — Angular velocity is the ratio of the magnitude of the angle described in an interval of time to the length of the interval. The dimen- sion formula is therefore T—}, and the conversion factor is ¢—. 7. Linear Acceleration. — Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity or a —— The dimension formula is therefore VT—! or LT-*, and the conversion ra factor is /t-*, Examples— A body acquires velocity at a uniform rate, and at the end of one minute is moving at the rate of 20 kilometres per hour: what is the acceleration in centimetres per second per second? Since the velocity gained was 20 kilometres per hour in one minute, the accel- eration was 1200 kilometres per hour per hour. Here 7= 100000 and ¢= 3600; .*. /-?= 100 000/36007—=.00771, and there- fore acceleration = .00771 X 1200=g.26 centimetres per second. 8. Angular Acceleration. — Angular acceleration is rate of change of angu- xX INTRODUCTION. angular velocit é Seer Ewe OCly vor Ps lar velocity. The dimensional formula is thus and the conversion factor 7~?, 9: Solid Angle. — A solid angle is measured by the ratio of the surface of the portion of a sphere enclosed by the conical surface forming the angle to the square of radius of the spherical surface, the centre of the sphere being at the vertex of the cone. The dimensional formula is therefore aT or 1, and hence the conversion factor is also 1. ro. Curvature. — Curvature is measured by the rate of change of direction of the curve with reference to distance measured along the curve as independent variable. ‘The dimension formula is therefore angle length or L“1, and the conversion factor is 7}. 11. Tortuosity. — Tortuosity is measured by the rate of rotation of the tan- gent plane round the tangent to the curve of reference when length along the angle curve is independent variable. The dimension formula is therefore aa ng L-—, and the conversion factor is 7. 12. Specific Curvature of a Surface. — This was defined by Gauss to be; at any point of the surface, the ratio of the solid angle enclosed by a surface formed by moving a normal to the surface round the periphery of a small area containing the point, to the magnitude of the area. The dimensional formula is solid angle or L~*, and the conversion factor is thus 7%, surtace therefore 13. Momentum. — This is quantity of motion in the Newtonian sense, and is, at any instant, measured by the product of the mass-number and the velocity- number for the body. Thus the dimension formula is MV or MLT™}, and the conversion factor m/f}. Lxample. — A mass of 10 pounds is moving with a velocity of 30 feet per sec- ond : what is its momentum when the centimetre, the gramme, and the second are fundamental units ? Here m= 453.59, 2= 30.48, and f==1 3.3) #7 = 453.50: X 30:48 == 38eR The momentum is thus 13825 K 10 X 30 = 4147 500. 14. Moment of Momentum. — The moment of momentum of a body with reference to a point is the product of its momentum-number and the number expressing the distance of its line of motion from the point. The dimensional formula is thus ML?T—?, and hence the conversion factor is m/*f"}, 15. Moment of Inertia. — The moment of inertia of a body round any axis is expressed by the formula 3, where m is the mass of any particle of the body INTRODUCTION. Xxi and ¢ its distance from the axis. The dimension formula for the sum is clearly the same as for each element, and hence is ML”. The conversion factor is there- fore mi’. 16. Angular Momentum. — The angular momentum of a body round any axis is the product of the numbers expressing the moment of inertia and the angular velocity of the body. The dimensional formula and the conversion fac- tor are therefore the same as for moment of momentum given above. 17. Force. — A force is measured by the rate of change of momentum it is capable of producing. The dimension formule for force and “time rate of change of momentum” are therefore the same, and are expressed by the ratio of momentum-number to time-number or MLT~*. The conversion factor is thus mit. Nore. — When mass is expressed in pounds, length in feet, and time in seconds, the unit force is called the poundal. When grammes, centimetres, and seconds are the corresponding units the unit of force is called the dyne. Example. Find the number of dynes in 25 poundals. eres == 453.50, ¢ == 30.48, and ¢—I-; .°. we == .453-60 X 30.48 = 13825 nearly. The number of dynes is thus 13825 X 25 = 345625 approximately. 18. Moment of a Couple, Torque, or Twisting Motive. — These are dif- ferent names for a quantity which can be expressed as the product of two numbers representing a force and a length. The dimension formula is therefore FL or ML?T~-, and the conversion factor is m/*t~*, 19. Intensity of a Stress. — The intensity of a stress is the ratio of the num- ber expressing the total stress to the number expressing the area over which the stress is distributed. The dimensional formula is thus FL~? or ML~!T-?, and the conversion factor is m/~'¢~*, 20. Intensity of Attraction, or ‘‘ Force at a Point.” — This is the force of attraction per unit mass on a body placed at the point, and the dimensional for- mula is therefore FM or LT~, the same as acceleration. The conversion fac- tors for acceleration therefore apply. 21. Absolute Force of a Centre of Attraction, or ‘“‘ Strength of a Cen- tre.’’ — This is the intensity of force at unit distance from the centre, and is there- fore the force per unit mass at any point multiplied by the square of the distance from the centre. The dimensional formula thus becomes FL?M™ or L°T~. The conversion factor is therefore #7. 22. Modulus of Elasticity. — A modulus of elasticity is the ratio of stress intensity to percentage strain. The dimension of percentage strain is a length divided by a length, and is therefore unity. Hence, the dimensional formula of a modulus of elasticity is the same as that of stress intensity, or ML~?T~?, and the conversion factor is thus also m/—7-*, XXii INTRODUCTION. 23. Work and Energy. — When the point of application of a force, acting on a body, moves in the direction of the force, work is done by the force, and the amount is measured by the product of the force and displacement numbers. The dimensional formula is therefore FL or ML?T~, The work done by the force either produces a change in the velocity of the body or a change of shape or configuration of the body, or both. In the first case it produces a change of kinetic energy, in the second a change of potential energy. The dimension formulz of energy and work, representing quantities of the same kind, are identical, and the conversion factor for both is m/*t~*. 24. Resilience. — This is the work done per unit volume of a body in distort- ing it to the elastic limit or in producing rupture. The dimension formula is there- fore ML?T?*L= or ML~T-%, and the conversion factor m/—1z-?, 25. Power, or Activity. — Power — or, as it is now very commonly called, ac- tivity — is defined as the time rate of doing work, or if W represent work and P power P= 2 . The dimensional formula is therefore WT or ML?T—°, and the con- version factor /*t*, or for problems in gravitation units more conveniently /7-}, where / stands for the force factor. Examples. (a) Find the number of gramme centimetres in one foot pound. Here the units of force are the attraction of the earth on the pound* and the gramme of matter, and the conversion factor is /7, where / is 453.59 and Z is 30.48. Hence the number is 453.59 X 30.48 = 13825. (4) Find the number of foot poundals in 1 000000 centimetre dynes. ELeTe 719) 453.50;..—— 1.30.45, anid. 7 == 1 5 .°. alt 7 == 1/453 coe 30.48. and 10'm/7-=—10°/ 463.50 XK s0:48+=312.373. (c) If gravity produces an acceleration of 32.2 feet per second per second, how many watts are required to make one horse-power ? One horse-power is 550 foot pounds per second, or 550 X 32.2 = 17710 foot poundals per second. One watt is 10’ ergs per second, that is, 10’ dyne centi- metres per second. The conversion factor is m/t~*, where m = 453.59, 7= 30.48, and ¢= 1, and the result has to be divided by 10’, the number of dyne centime- tres per second in the watt. Hence, 17710 92/71/10 == 7710 © 453-59 XX 30.497) 10' = 7.46.3. (2) How many gramme centimetres per second correspond to 33000 foot pounds per minute ? The conversion factor suitable for this case is f/f’, where / is 453.59, 7 is 30.48, and ¢ is 60. Hence, 33000 /f*= 33000 X 453.59 X 30.48/60 = 7 604000 nearly. * It is important to remember that in problems like that here given the term “pound” or “gramme ” refers to force and not to mass. INTRODUCTION. XXlli HEAT UNITS. 1. If heat be measured in dynamical units its dimensions are the same as those of energy, namely ML?I~*. The most common measurements, however, are made in thermal units, that is, in terms of the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass of water one degree of temperature at some stated temperature. This method of measurement involves the unit of mass and some unit of temperature ; and hence, if we denote temperature-numbers by © and their conversion factors by 0, the dimensional formula and conversion factor for quan- tity of heat will be M® and m9 respectively. The relative amount of heat com- pared with water as standard substance required to raise unit mass of different substances one degree in temperature is called their specific heat, and is a simple number. Unit volume is sometimes used instead of unit mass in the measurement of heat, the units being then called thermometric units. The dimensional formula is in that case changed by the substitution of volume for mass, and becomes LO, and hence the conversion factor is to be calculated from the formula 7°6. For other physical quantities involving heat we have: — 2. Coefficient of Expansion. — The coefficient of expansion of a substance is equal to the ratio of the change of length per unit length (linear), or change of volume per unit volume (voluminal) to the change of temperature. These ratios are simple numbers, and the change of temperature is inversely as the mag- nitude of the unit of temperature. Hence the dimensional and conversion-factor formule are @ and 6. 3. Conductivity, or Specific Conductance. — This is the quantity of heat transmitted per unit of time per unit of surface per unit of temperature gradient. The equation for conductivity is therefore, with H as quantity of heat, ke a ae Lu Te and the dimensional formula oon — au which gives #717“ for conversion factor OLE Lr" 8 In thermometric units the formula becomes L?T~, which properly represents diffusivity. In dynamical units H becomes ML?T~?, and the formula changes to MLT-‘@-!, The conversion factors obtained from these are /*¢! and m/t*¢ respectively. XXIV INTRODUCTION. 4. Thermal Capacity. — This is the product of the number for mass and the specific heat, and hence the dimensional formula and conversion factor are simply M and m. 5. Latent Heat. — Latent heat is the ratio of the number representing the quantity of heat required to change the state of a body to the number represent- ing the quantity of matter in the body. The dimensional formula is therefore M®@/M or ®, and hence the conversion factor is simply the ratio of the tempera- ture units or 6. In dynamical units the factor is /*¢-?.* 6. Joule’s Equivalent. — Joule’s dynamical equivalent is connected with quantity of heat by the equation ML?T-*= JH or JM®. This gives for the dimensional formula of J the expression L?T~*0-!. The conver- sion factor is thus represented by /°¢-76. When heat is measured in dynamical units J is a simple number. 7. Entropy. — The entropy of a body is directly proportional to the quantity of heat it contains and inversely proportional to its temperature. The dimen- sional formula is thus M@/® or M, and the conversion factor is #. When heat is measured in dynamical units the factor is m/*¢-*67. Examples. (a) Find the relation between the British thermal unit, the calorie, and the therm. Neglecting the variation of the specific heat of water with temperature, or de- fining all the units for the same temperature of the standard substance, we have the following definitions. The British thermal unit is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water 1° F. The ca/orie is the quan- tity of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogramme of water 1° C. The therm is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gramme of water 1° C. Hence:— (1) To find the number of calories in one British thermal unit, we have m= .45399 and 6=§; .*. mO==.45399 X 5/9 =.25199. | (2) To find the number of therms in one calorie, #1000 and 6=1; -*. m= 1000. It follows at once that the number of therms in one British thermal unit is 1000 X .25199 = 251.99. (2) What is the relation between the foot grain second Fahrenheit-degree and the centimetre gramme second Centigrade-degree units of conductivity ? The number of the latter units in one of the former is given by the for- * It will be noticed that when @ is given the dimension formula L?T-? the formulz in thermal and dynamical units are always identical. The thermometric units practically suppress mass. INTRODUCTION. XXV mula m/“2-16°, where m= .064799, = 30.48, and ¢=1, and is therefore= .064 799/30.48 = 2.126 X 10%. (c) Find the relation between the units stated in (4) for emissivity. In this case the conversion formula is m/-*t"!, where m/ and ¢ have the same value as before. Hence the number of the latter units in the former is 0.064 799/30.48°= 6.975 X 107°. (2) Find the number of centimetre gramme second units in the inch grain hour unit of emissivity. Here the formula is m/*t~!, where m=0.064799, /== 2.54, and ¢= 3600. Therefore the required number is 0.064799/2-547 K 3600 = 2.790 X 107%, (e) If Joule’s equivalent be 776 foot pounds per pound of water per degree Fahrenheit, what will be its value in gravitation units when the metre, the kilogramme, and the degree Centigrade are units? : , . eb Ors The conversion factor in this case is JF or lo, where J = .3048 and a= Sis) 3207 70 X 3048) 1-8 — 425.7: (f) If Joule’s equivalent be 24832 foot poundals when the degree Fahren- heit is unit of temperature, what will be its value when kilogramme metre second and degree-Centigrade units are used ? The conversion factor is 7270", where / = .3048, £=1, and 0'=1.8; BN2AS32q Ce 0) == 94832) 5<1,30487 X 1/8: 41 52.5. In gravitation units this would give 4152.5/9.81 = 423.3. ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC UNITS. There are two systems of these units, the electrostatic and the electromagnetic systems, which differ from each other because of the different fundamental suppo- sitions on which they are based. In the electrostatic system the repulsive force between two quantities of static electricity is made the basis. This connects force, quantity of electricity, and length by the equation f/—=a or,where J is force, a a quantity depending on the units employed and on the nature of the medium, g and g, quantities of electricity, and 7 the distance between g and g, The magnitude of the force / for any particular values of g,g, and 7 depends on a property of the medium across which the force takes place called its inductive capacity. The in- ductive capacity of air has generally been assumed as unity, and the inductive capacity of other media expressed as a number representing the ratio of the induc- tive capacity of the medium to that of air. These numbers are known as the spe- cific inductive capacities of the media. According to the ordinary assumption, then, of air as the standard medium, we obtain unit quantity of electricity when in the above equation g=g,, and /, a, and / are each unity. A formal definition is given below. In the electromagnetic system the repulsion between two magnetic poles or XXV1 INTRODUCTION. quantities of magnetism is taken as the basis. In this system the quantities force, quantity of magnetism, and length are connected by an equation of the form footy where m and mm, are in this case quantities of magnetism, and the other symbols have the same meaning as before. In this case it has been usual to assume the magnetic inductive capacity of air to be unity, and to express the magnetic induc- tive capacity of other media as a simple number representing the ratio of the in- ductive capacity of the medium to that of air. These numbers, by analogy with specific inductive capacity for electricity, might be called specific inductive capac- ities for magnetism. ‘They are usually called permeabilities. (Vide Thomson, “Papers on Electrostatics and Magnetism,” p. 484.) In this case, also, like that for electricity, the unit quantity of magnetism is obtained by making m= m,, and J, @, and Z each unity. In both these cases the intrinsic inductive capacity of the standard medium is suppressed, and hence also that of all other media. Whether this be done or not, direct experiment has to be resorted to for the determination of the absolute val- ues of the units and the relations of the units in the one system to those in the other. The character of this relation can be directly inferred from the dimen- sional formula of the different quantities, but these can give no information as to the relative absolute values of the units in the two systems. Prof. Riicker has suggested (Phil. Mag. vol. 27) the advisability of at least indicating the exist- ence of the suppressed properties by putting symbols for them in the dimensional formulz. ‘This has the advantage of showing how the magnitudes of the different units would be affected by a change in the standard medium, or by making the standard medium different for the two systems. In accordance with this idea, the symbols K and P have been introduced into the formule given below to represent inductive capacity in the electrostatic and the electromagnetic systems respectively. In the conversion formule £ and / are the ordinary specific inductive capacities and permeabilities of the media when air is taken as the standard, or generally those with reference to the first medium taken as standard. The ordinary for- mulz may be obtained by putting K and P equal to unity. ELECTROSTATIC UNITS. 1. Quantity of Electricity. — The unit quantity of electricity is defined as that quantity which if concentrated at a point and placed at unit distance from an equal and similarly concentrated quantity repels it, or is repelled by it, with unit force. The medium or dielectric is usually taken as air, and the other units in ac cordance with the centimetre gramme second system. In this case we have the force of repulsion proportional directly to the square of the quantity of electricity and inversely to the square of the distance between the quantities and to the inductive capacity. The dimensional formula is there- fore the same as that for [force X length? X inductive capacity]* or M?L'T'K}, and the conversion factor is Z#t—143, INTRODUCTION. XXVil 2. Electric Surface Density and Electric Displacement. — The density of an electric distribution at any point on a surface is measured by the quantity per unit of area, and the electric displacement at any point in a dielectric is mea- sured by the quantity displaced per unit of area. These quantities have therefore the same dimensional formula, namely, the ratio of the formule for quantity of electricity and for area or M'L~T-?K}, and the conversion factor m*J“¢74', 3. Electric Force at a Point, or Intensity of Electric Field. — This is measured by the ratio of the magnitude of the force on a quantity of electricity at a point to the magnitude of the quantity of electricity. The dimensional formula is therefore the ratio of the formule for force and electric quantity, or Mi yep we We which gives the conversion factor m/s 44. 4. Electric Potential and Electromotive Force. — Change of potential is proportional to the work done per unit of electricity in producing the change. The dimensional formula is therefore the ratio of the formulze for work and elec- tric quantity, or MEAn M?L'T-!K? which gives the conversion factor m/!t 7&4, = MLITKS, 5. Capacity of a Conductor. — The capacity of an insulated conductor is proportional to the ratio of the numbers representing the quantity of electricity in a charge and the potential of the charge. The dimensional formula is thus the ratio of the two formule for electric quantity and potential, or M'L'T-K? MUTT K+ which gives 2% for conversion factor. When K is taken as unity, as in the ordinary units, the capacity of an insulated conductor is simply a length. LE: 6. Specific Inductive Capacity. — This is the ratio of the inductive capac- ity of the substance to that of a standard substance, and hence the dimensional formula is K/K or 1.* 7. Electric Current. — Current is quantity flowing past a point per unit of time. The dimensional formula is thus the ratio of the formulze for electric quan- tity and for time, or M?LiTK? i and the conversion factor ‘Jit-7£}. = MLIT*Ki, * According to the ordinary definition referred to air as standard medium, the specific inductive capacity of a substance is K, or is identical in dimensions with what is here taken as inductive ca- pacity. Hence in that case the conversion factor must be taken as 1 on the electrostatic and as ¢“f on the electromagnetic system. XXVIi INTRODUCTION. 8. Conductivity, or Specific * Conductance. — This, like the corresponding term for heat, is quantity per unit area per unit potential gradient per unit of time. The dimensional formula is therefore pa WE Dt a) eet electric quantity ‘ pet Kp area X potential gradient X time L The conversion factor is 712. 9. Specific * Resistance. — This is the reciprocal of conductivity as above defined, and hence the dimensional formula and conversion factor are respec- tively TK and #47. 10. Conductance. — The conductance of any part of an electric circuit, not containing a source of electromotive force, is the ratio of the numbers represent- ing the current flowing through it and the difference of potential between its ends. The dimensional formula is thus the ratio of the formula for current and poten- tial, or M?L'!T-*K} Mie Ks from which we get the conversion factor /¢ 7%, =i K. 11. Resistance.—This is the reciprocal of conductance, and therefore the dimensional formula and the conversion factor are respectively L7IT'K™ and LA EXAMPLES OF CONVERSION IN ELECTROSTATIC UNITS. (2) Find the factor for converting quantity of electricity expressed in foot grain second units to the same expressed in c. g. s. units. By (1) the formula is m'7i¢42!, in which in this case m= 0.0648, 7—= 30.48, f= 1, and =1; .*. the factor is 0.0648! & 30.48! = 4.2836. (6) Find the factor required to convert electric potential from millimetre milli- gramme second units to c. g. s. units. By (4) the formula is m/!#-12, and in this case # = 0.001, 70.1, == 1, and k=13 .. the factor = 0.001" X®.1?=0:01. (c) Find the factor required to convert from foot grain second and specific in- ductive capacity 6 units to c. g. s. units. By (5) the formula is /2, and in this case 7= 30.48 and £6; .*. the factor = 30.48 KX 6 = 182.88. * The term “specific,” as used here and in 9, refers conductance and resistance to that between the ends of a bar of unit section and unit length, and hence is different from the same term in specific heat, specific inductivity, capacity, etc., which refer to a standard substance. INTRODUCTION, XxXix ELECTROMAGNETIC UNITS. As stated above, these units bear the same relation to unit quantity of magne- _ tism that the electric units do to quantity of electricity. Thus, when inductive capacity is suppressed, the dimensional formula for magnetic quantity on this sys- tem is the same as that for electric quantity on the electrostatic system. All quan- tities in this system which only differ from corresponding quantities defined above by the substitution of magnetic for electric quantity may have their dimensional formulz derived from those of the corresponding quantity by substituting P for K. 1. Magnetic Pole, or Quantity of Magnetism. — Two unit quantities of magnetism concentrated at points unit distance apart repel each other with unit force. The dimensional formula is thus the same as for [force & length? X in- ductive capacity] or M*L'T~P}, and the conversion factor is m/i¢~12!, 2. Density of Surface Distribution of Magnetism. — This is measured by quantity of magnetism per unit area, and the dimension formula is therefore the ratio of the expressions for magnetic quantity and for area, or M?L“T“"P}, which gives the conversion factor m*/“!¢—191, 3- Magnetic Force at a Point, or Intensity of Magnetic Field. — The number for this is the ratio of the numbers representing the magnitudes of the force on a magnetic pole placed at the point and the magnitude of the magnetic pole. The dimensional formula is therefore the ratio of the expressions for force and magnetic quantity, or MET M?L!T—1p3 and the conversion factor m/7-lg-4, = ML7T“P4, 4. Magnetic Potential. — The magnetic potential at a point is measured by the work which is required to bring unit quantity of positive magnetism from zero potential to the point. The dimensional formula is thus the ratio of the formula for work and magnetic quantity, or ML*T?* _ yyiT—1p mnTop MYT" which gives the conversion factor m/#¢—1p-3, 5. Magnetic Moment. — This is the product of the numbers for pole strength and length of a magnet. The dimensional formula is therefore the pro- duct of the formulz for magnetic quantity and length, or M'L'T—"P!, and the con- version factor m'/!—1p!, 6. Intensity of Magnetization. — The intensity of magnetization of any por- tion of a magnetized body is the ratio of the numbers representing the magni- XXX INTRODUCTION. tude of the magnetic moment of that portion and its volume. The dimensional formula is therefore the ratio of the formule for magnetic moment and volume, or M?L'T—1p} L? The conversion factor is therefore m7—iz—1g}, = M?LT-1P}, 7. Magnetic Permeability,* or Specific Magnetic Inductive Capacity. — This is the analogue in magnetism to specific inductive capacity in electricity. It is the ratio of the magnetic induction in the substance to the magnetic induc- tion in the field which produces the magnetization, and therefore its dimensional formula and conversion factor are unity. 8. Magnetic Susceptibility. — This is the ratio of the numbers which repre- sent the values of the intensity of magnetization produced and the intensity of the magnetic field producing it. The dimensional formula is therefore the ratio of the formulze for intensity of magnetization and magnetic field or M?L>T'P: MILT P34 The conversion factor is therefore £, and both the dimensional formula and con- version factor are unity in the ordinary system. Tek. g. Current Strength. — A current of strength ¢ flowing round a circle of radius 7 produces a magnetic field at the centre. of intensity 27c/r. The dimen- sional formula is therefore the product of the formulz for magnetic field intensity and length, or M'L'T~*P-4, which gives the conversion factor m}/*t—1p74. 10. Current Density, or Strength of Current at a Point. — This is the ratio of the numbers for current strength and area. The dimensional formula and the conversion factor are therefore M'L-?T—P* and m'7-i¢-lp-, 11. Quantity of Electricity. — This is the product of the numbers for cur- rent and time. The dimensional formula is therefore M*L?TP? & T= M}L?P-+, and the conversion factor m/#p—, 12. Electric Potential, or Electromotive Force. — As in the electrostatic system, this is the ratio of the numbers for work and quantity of electricity. The dimensional formula is therefore MLSs M:L?P and the conversion factor mJit-*2?, — M'L'T*P}, * Permeability, as ordinarily taken with the standard medium as unity, has the same dimension formula and conversion factor as that which is here taken as magnetic inductive capacity. Hence for ordinary transformations the conversion factor should be taken as I in the electromagnetic and +? in the electrostatic systems. INTRODUCTION. xxxi 13. Electrostatic Capacity. — This is the ratio of the numbers for quantity of electricity and difference of potential. The dimensional formula is therefore MiL!P—4 ML'T—p? and the conversion factor 7277p}, — ia re 14. Resistance of a Conductor. — The resistance of a conductor or elec- trode is the ratio of the numbers for difference of potential between its ends and the constant current it is capable of producing. The dimensional formula is therefore the ratio of those for potential and current or M?L'T—?P} M?L}T !P> The conversion factor thus becomes /f~'f, and in the ordinary system resistance has the same conversion factor as velocity. =e: 15. Conductance. — This is the reciprocal of resistance, and hence the dimen- sional formula and conversion factor are respectively LTP and 77-1, 16. Conductivity, or Specific Conductance. — This is quantity of electric- ity transmitted per unit of area per unit of potential gradient per unit of time. The dimensional formula is therefore derived from those of the quantities men- tioned as follows : — M?L?P+ ee — ho LPos The conversion factor is therefore 7~*#p—. 17. Specific Resistance. — This is the reciprocal of conductivity as defined in 16, and hence the dimensional formula and conversion factor are respectively Pelee and 7771p: 18. Coefficient of Self-Induction, or Inductance, or Electro-kinetic In- ertia. — These are for any circuit the electromotive force produced in it by unit rate of variation of the current through it. The dimensional formula is therefore the product of the formulz for electromotive force and time divided by that for current or M?L'T*P? MUT=Pa < T= EP: The conversion factor is therefore /, and in the ordinary system is the same as that for length. 19. Coefficient of Mutual Induction. — The mutual induction of two cir- cuits is the electromotive force produced in one per unit rate of variation of the current in the other. The dimensional formula and the conversion factor are therefore the same as those for self-induction, XXXi1 INTRODUCTION. 20. Electro-kinetic Momentum.— The number for this is the product of the numbers for current and for electro-kinetic inertia. The dimensional formula is therefore the product of the formulz for these quantities, or M?L!}TP+ x LP = M'L' TP}, and the conversion factor is mZiz-1p}, 21. Electromotive Force at a Point.— The number for this quantity is the ratio of the numbers for electric potential or electromotive force as given in 12, and for length. ‘The dimensional formula is therefore M*L'T~*P}, and the conversion factor mJ!¢—*p}, 22. Vector Potential. — This is time integral of electromotive force at a point, or the electro-kinetic momentum at a point. The dimensional formula may therefore be derived from 21 by multiplying by T, or from 20 by dividing by L. It is therefore M?L!T~P}, and the conversion factor m/'s—19}, 23. Thermoelectric Height. — This is measured by the ratio of the num- bers for electromotive force and for temperature. The dimensional formula is therefore the ratio of the formula for these two quantities, or M}L'TP!@—, and the conversion factor mJi¢-*p}6-. 24. Specific Heat of Electricity. — This quantity is measured in the same way as 23, and hence has the same formule. 25. Coefficient of Peltier Effect. — This is measured by the ratio of the numbers for quantity of heat and for quantity of electricity. The dimensional formula is therefore MO mips ES and the conversion factor m*/—'p30, EXAMPLES OF CONVERSION IN ELECTROMAGNETIC UNITS. (a) Find the factor required to convert intensity of magnetic field from foot grain minute units to c. g. s. units. By (3) the formula is m*/7¢1g74, and in this case m = 0.0648, 7 = 30.48, ¢= 60, and p = 1; .*. the factors =='0.0648! X 30.48 * X 60°'= 0.00076 847. Similarly to convert from foot grain second units to c. g. s. units the factor is 0.0648! X 30.48! = 0,046 108. (4) How many c. g.s. units of magnetic moment make one foot grain second unit of the same quantity ? By (5) the formula is m'Zf¢-1}, and the values for this problem are m = 0.0648, ¢= 30.48, == 1, andp=1; .*. the number = 0.0648! X 30.48! = 1305.6. (c) If the intensity of magnetization of a steel bar be 700 in c. g. s. units, what will it be in millimetre milligramme second units ? INTRODUCTION. XXxili By (6) the formula is m//!¢~1g', and in this case # = 1000, / = 10, ¢= 1, and p=1;... the intensity = 700 X 1000! & 10! = 70000, (@) Find the factor required to convert current strength from c. g. s. units to earth quadrant 10" gramme and second units. By (9) the formula is m/'¢~1p~, and the values of these quantities are here # = oe — Tom 2 band f'== £ ; .-. the factor = 10° X 10°! =="e; (e) Find the factor required to convert resistance expressed in c. g. s. units into the same expressed in earth-quadrant 10" grammes and second units. By (14) the formula is /¢4, and for this case 7= 10°, ¢= 1, and p=1; m= the factor — tio °. (7) Find the factor required to convert electromotive force from earth-quadrant 10- gramme and second units to c. g. s. units. By (12) the formula is m'/!t~%', and for this case m= 107, 7= 10°, f= 1, and p=)! ; .:. the factor = 10° PRACTICAL UNITS. In practical electrical measurements the units adopted are either multiples or submultiples of the units founded on the centimetre, the gramme, and the second as fundamental units, and air is taken as the standard medium, for which K and P are assumed unity. The following, quoted from the report to the Honorable the Secretary of State, under date of November 6th, 1893, by the delegates repre- senting the United States, gives the ordinary units with their names and values as defined by the International Congress at Chicago in 1893 : — “ Resolved, That the several governments represented by the delegates of this International Congress of Electricians be, and they are hereby, recommended to formally adopt as legal units of electrical measure the following: As a unit of re- sistance, the z7ternational ohm, which is based upon the ohm equal to ro® units of resistance of the C. G. S. system of electro-magnetic units, and is represented by the resistance offered to an unvarying electric current by a column of mercury at the temperature of melting ice 14.4521 grammes in mass, of a constant cross- sectional area and of the length of 106.3 centimetres. “As a unit of current, the zzternational ampére, which is one tenth of the unit of current of the C. G. S. system of electro-magnetic units, and which is represented sufficiently well for practical use by the unvarying current which, when passed through a solution of nitrate of silver in water, and in accordance with accom- panying specifications,* deposits silver at the rate of o.oo1118 of a gramme per second. * “Tn the following specification the term ‘silver voltameter’ means the arrangement of appara- tus by means of which an electric current is passed through a solution of nitrate of silver in water. The silver voltameter measures the total electrical quantity which has passed during the time of the experiment, and by noting this time the time average of the current, or, if the current has been kept constant, the current itself can be deduced. “Tn employing the silver voltameter to measure currents of about one ampére, the following arrangements should be adopted : — XXXiV INTRODUCTION. “As a unit of electromotive force, the zz¢ernational volt, which is the electro- motive force that, steadily applied to a conductor whose resistance is one interna- tional ohm, will produce a current of one international ampere, and which is rep- resented sufficiently well for practical use by $292 of the electromotive force between the poles or electrodes of the voltaic cell known as Clark’s cell, at a tem- perature of 15° C., and prepared in the manner described in the accompanying | specification.* “As a unit of quantity, the zz¢ternational coulomb, which is the quantity of elec- tricity transferred by a current of one international ampere in one second. “As a unit of capacity, the zaternational farad, which is the capacity of a con- denser charged to a potential of one international volt by one international cou- lomb of electricity.t “ As a unit of work, the joule, which is equal to 10” units of work in the c. g. s. system, and which is represented sufficiently well for practical use by the energy expended in one second by an international ampere in an international ohm. “As a unit of power, the zva¢/, which is equal to 10” units of power in the c. g.s, system, and which is represented sufficiently well for practical use by the work done at the rate of one joule per second. “ As the unit of induction, the 4ezry, which is the induction in a circuit when the electromotive force induced in this circuit is one international volt, while the inducing current varies at the rate of one ampere per second. “The Chamber also voted that it was not wise to adopt or recommend a stand- ard of light at the present time.” By an Act of Congress approved July 12th, 1894, the units recommended by the Chicago Congress were adopted in this country with only some unimportant verbal changes in the definitions. By an Order in Council of date August 23d, 1894, the British Board of Trade adopted the ohm, the ampere, and the volt, substantially as recommended by the Chicago Congress. The other units were not legalized in Great Britain. They are, however, in general use in that country and all over the world. “The kathode on which the silver is to be deposited should take the form of a platinum bowl not less than Io centimetres in diameter and from 4 to 5 centimetres in depth. “The anode should be a plate of pure silver some 30 square centimetres in area and 2 or 3 millimetres in thickness. “This is supported horizontally in the liquid near the top of the solution by a platinum wire passed through holes in the plate at opposite corners. To prevent the disintegrated silver which is formed on the anode from falling on to the kathode, the anode should be wrapped round with pure filter paper, secured at the back with sealing wax. “The liquid should consist of a neutral solution of pure silver nitrate, containing about 15 parts by weight of the nitrate to 85 parts of water. “The resistance of the voltameter changes somewhat as the current passes. To prevent these changes having too great an effect on the current, some resistance besides that of the voltameter should be inserted in the circuit. The total metallic resistance of the circuit should not be less than 10 ohms.” * A committee, consisting of Messrs. Helmholtz, Ayrton, and Carhart, was appointed to pre- pare specifications for the Clark’s cell, but no report was made, on account of Helmholtz’s death. + The one millionth part of the farad is more commonly used in practical measurements, and is called the microfarad. Pay tee TABLES 2 TABLE 1. FUNDAMENTAL AND DERIVED UNITS. To change a quantity from one system of units to another : substitute in the correspond- ing conversion factor from the following table the ratio of the magnitudes of the o/d units to the zew and multiply the old quantity by the resulting number. For example: to reduce velocity in miles per hour to feet per second, the conversion factor is /¢~1; /=5280/1, ¢~=3600/1, therefore the factor=5280/3600=1.467. (a) FUNDAMENTAL UNITs. Name of Unit. Symbol. | Conversion Factor. Length. Mass. Time. Temperature. Electric Inductive Capacity. Magnetic Inductive Capacity. HAe@eHXEM ewan Jn (0) DERIVED UNITs. L. Geometric and Dynamic Units. Name of Unit. Conversion Factor. Area. 7 Volume. ee Angle. Solid Angle. Curvature. Tortuosity. Specific curvature of a surface. Angular velocity. Angular acceleration. Linear velocity. Linear acceleration. Density. Moment of inertia. Intensity of attraction, or ‘‘force at a point.” Absolute force of a centre of attraction, or et of a centre.” Momentum. Moment of momentum, or angular momentum. Force. Moment of a couple, or torque. Intensity of stress. Modulus of elasticity. Work and energy. Resilience. Power or activity. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 1. FUNDAMENTAL AND DERIVED UNITS. LT. Heat Units. Name of Unit. Quantity of heat (thermal units). “¢ (thermometric units). << «(dynamical units). Coefficient of thermal expansion. Conductivity (thermal units). es (thermometric units), or diffusivity. < (dynamical units). Thermal capacity. Latent heat (thermal units). “(dynamical units). Joule’s equivalent. Entropy (heat measured in thermal units). . “‘ dynamical units), Conversion Factor. m0 226 m b* ¢-* 6-1 m I~ ¢-* i m 1 ¢t—* g-1 m 6 fz-4 {726 m MET *o ITI, Magnetic and Electric Units. Conversion factor for electrostatic system. Name of Unit. Magnetic pole, or quantity of mag- netism. Density of surface distribution of magnetism. Intensity of magnetic field. Magnetic potential. Magnetic moment. mete EO Intensity of magnetisation. m* 1t k-4 Magnetic permeability. I Magnetic susceptibility and mea p-2 #2 f} netic inductive capacity. Quantity of electricity. mi 13 te Electric surface density and electric mrt rp m* [4 t7) k-4 ms Jt kt m* [3 B+ mi? [* ¢-? Rt m* 13 ¢-* kt displacement. Intensity of electric field. Electric potential and e. m. f. Capacity of a condenser, Inductive capacity. Specific inductive capacity. Electric current. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Conversion factor for electromag- netic system. m* 13 ¢- ph m' [3 £1 ph m* Tf ag m* ff pt m* 1% ¢ ph mi 1-4 ¢~* ph I 2 m* Jt p m 4 ¢-* ph m 13 t-* ph fi 7? = ft? 24-1 I ms 1 £1 p TABLE 1. FUNDAMENTAL AND DERIVED UNITS. LIL. Magnetic and Electric Units. Name of Unit. Conductivity. Specific resistance. Conductance. Resistance. Coefficient of self induction and coefficient of mutual induction. Electrokinetic momentum. Electromotive force at a point. Vector potential. Thermoelectric height and specific ) heat of electricity. 5 Coefficient of Peltier effect. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Conversion factor for electrostatic system. tik tk LEA kh Fig k PF m* [t k4 mt [+ ¢-1 4 m* [3 k-4 m' [t ¢-1 R-* G1 mlt*tk*6 Conversion factor for electromag- netic system. e571 pes 7? we tit pm lity lp me [3 f p mw 1 £7 ph m [3 ¢-1 gh ED TD Oe ms [4 ph 6 TABLE 2. 5 TABLES FOR CONVERTING U. S. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.* (1) CUSTOMARY TO METRIC. LINEAR. CAPACITY. Fluid inehes Feet to Yards to Miles drams to to millilitres metres. metres. | kilometres. or cubic centimetres. Fluid ais Liquid Sunes quarts to litres. Gallons to By to litres. millimetres. millilitres. 0.304801 | 0.914402 0.609601 | 1.828804 0.914402 | 2.743205 1.219202 | 3.657607 1.524003 | 4.572009 152.4003 | 1.828804 | 5.486411 177.8004 | 2.133604 | 6.400813 203.2004 | 2.438405 | 7.315215 228.6005 | 2.743205 | 8.229616 O ONION HNtWN O OND UNfWbd 34.06891 SQUARE. WEIGHT. Square Square : Avoirdu- Avoirdu- yards to Acres to Grainsite pois ounces | pois pounds square hectares, to to kilo- rammes, 8g cs grammes, grammes. : Square feet inches to to square square cen- | qagi . ecimetres, timetres. metres, Troy ounces to grammes. 64.7989 | 28.3495 | 0.45359 | 31-10348 129.5978 | 56.6991 | 0.90718 | 62.20696 194.3968 | 85.0486 | 1.36078 | 93.31044 259.1957 | 113.3981 | 1.81437 | 124.41392 323-9946 | 141.7476 | 2.26796 | 155.51740 388.7935 | 170.0972 | 2.72155 | 186.62088 453-5924 | 198.4467 | 3.17515 | 217.72437 518.3913 | 226.7962 | 3.62874 | 248.82785 583-1903 | 255-1457 | 4.08233 | 279.93133 0.836 1.672 2.508 3-345 4.181 5-017 5.853 6.639 A525 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 CON DA mMfwW WN , Cubic Cubic feet yards to | Bushels to inches to to cubic . : cubic cen- | metres. Sai ocean ce: I sq. statute mile = 259.000 hectares. timetres. 1 Gunter’s chain = 20.1168 metres. 1 fathom —— el. O20) metres. 0.02832 ' 0.35239 I nautical mile 1853-25 metres. corres ° eee 1 foot 0.304801 metre. auiaee i seaee I avoir, pound 453-5924277 grammes. 0.14159 : 1.76196 || 15432.35639 grains 1.000 kilogramme. 0.16990 3 2.11436 0.19822 ; 2.46675 0.22654 ; 2.81914 0.25485 3-17154 O ONDA MPWNE According to an executive order dated April 15, 1893, the United States yard is defined as 3600/3937 metre, and the avoirdupois pound as 1/2.20462 kilogramme. he only authorized material standard of customary weight is the Troy pound of the Mint. It is of brass of un- known density, and therefore not suitable for a standard of mass, It was derived from the British standard Troy pound of 1758 by direct comparison. The British gallon = 4.5459631 litres. The British bushel = 36.3477 litres. The length of the nautical mile given above and adopted by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey many years ago, is defined as that of a minute of arc of a great circle of a sphere whose surface equals that of the earth (Clarke’s Sphe- roid of 1866). * Quoted from sheets issued by the United States Bureau of Standards. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 6 TABLE 2. TABLES FOR CONVERTING U. S. WEICHTS AND MEASURES. (2) METRIC TO CUSTOMARY. LINEAR. CAPACITY. Millilitres or cubic | Centi- : Deca- Hecto- Metres to | Metresto | Metres to | Kilometres centi- | litres to litres litres inches, feet. yards. to miles. metres fluid to to to fluid | ounces. *| gallons. | bushels. 2.8377 5.6755 8.5132 11.3510 14.1887 39.3700 | 3.28083 | 1.093611 | 0.62137 78.7400 | 6.56167 | 2.187222 | 1.24274 118.1100 | 9.84250 | 3.280833 | 1.86411 157-4800 | 13.12333 | 4-374444 | 2.48548 196.8500 | 16.40417 | 5.468056 | 3.10685 236.2200 | 19.68500 | 6.561667 | 3.72822 275-5900 | 22.96583 | 7.655278 | 4.34959 314.9600 | 26.24667 | 8.748889 | 4.97096 354-3300 | 29.52750 | 9.842500 | 5.59233 17.0265 19.8642 22.7019 25-5397 WOON A UawWDH | O ON WA MfWN He SQUARE. WEIGHT. Square Square Square Milli- Kilo- Hecto- Kilo- centimetres | metresto | metresto | Hectares grammes | grammes | grammes grammes to square square square to acres. to to ounces to pounds inches. f ins. grains. avoirdupois. | avoirdupois. 0.01543 | 15432-36 0.03086 | 30864.71 : 4.40924 0.04630 | 46297.07 55 6.61 387 0.06173 | 61729.43 : 8.813849 0.07716 | 77161.78 : 11.02311 0.09259} 92594-14 : 13-22773 0.10803 | 108026.49 : 15-43230 0.12346 | 123458.85| 28.2192 | 17.63698 0.13889 | 138891.21 : 19.84160 O ON DA NPWN I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 WEIGHT. Cubic Cubic Cubic centimetres | decimetres | metres to | metres to Quintals to to cubic to cubic cubic cubic pounds av. inches. inches. Milliers or Kilogrammes tonnes to pounds} to ounces av. Troy. 220.46 2204.6 32.1507 440.92 4409.2 64.3015 661.39 6613.9 96.4522 881.85 8818.5 128.6030 1102.31 11023.1 160.7 537 1322.77 13227.7 192.9045 1543-24 15432-4 225.0552 1763.70 17637.0 257.2059 1984.16 19841.6 289.3507 0.0610 0.1220 122.047 0.1831 183.070 0.2441 244-094 0.3051 305-117 0.3661 366.140 0.4272 427.164 0.4882 488.187 0.5492 549-210 O ON DA UtbWwWNaz WO ON OA UHhWN He By the concurrent action of the principal governments of the world an International Bureau of Weights and Measures has been established near Paris. Under the direction of the International Committee, two ingots were cast of pure platinum-iridium in the proportion of 9 parts of the former to 1 of the latter metal. From one of these a certain number of kilogrammes were prepared, from the other a definite number of metre bars. These standards of weight and length were intercompared, without preference, and certain ones were selected as International proto- type standards. The others were distributed by lot, in September, 1889, to the different governments, and are called National prototype standards. Those apportioned to the United States were received in 1890, and are kept at the Bureau of Standards in Washington, D. C. The metric system was legalized in the United States in 1866. The International Standard Metre is derived from the Métre des Archives, and its length is defined by the distance between two lines at o? Centigrade, on a platinum-iridium bar deposited at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. The International Standard Kilogramme is a mass of platinum-iridium deposited at the same place, and its weight in vacuo is the same as that of the Kilogramme des Archives. The litre is equal to a cubic decimetre, and it is measured by the quantity of distilled water which, at its maxi- mum density, will counterpoise the standard kilogramme in a vacuum, the volume of such a quantity of water being, as nearly as has been ascertained, equal to a cubic decimetre. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 3. 7 EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC AND BRITISH IMPERIAL WEICHTS AND MEASURES.* (1) METRIC TO IMPERIAL. LINEAR MEASURE. MEASURE OF CAPACITY. sea (mm) {— 9.03937 in. Pee) renee) soa! t = 0.0610 cub. in. ee eesrr _ centilitre (.o1 litre) Pee s ecimetre (.1 m. : : : 30:370113 “ decilitre (.1 litre). . 0.176 pint. METRE (m.) 3.280843 ft. LITRE (1,000 cub. 1.09361425 yds. centimetres or I 1.75980 pints. as cub. decimetre) (10 m.) 10.93614 dekalitre (10 litres) . 2.200 gallons. hectometre hectolitre (100 “ ) . 2.75 bushels. (100 m.) { * : 109.361425 “ kilolitre (1,000 “ ) . 3.437 quarters. kilometre (1,000 m.) myriametre , POTH ‘ ' (10,000 m.) t ere 6.21372 miles. APOTHECARIES’ MEASURE dekametre t 0.62137 mile. metre (I 0.28157 fluid drachm. gramme w’t) 15.43236 grains weight. EMICKON 4s «| » = 0.001 mm. cubic ct 0.03520 fluid ounce. cub. millimetre = 0.01693 minim. SQUARE MEASURE. QU a AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. sq.centimetre . . 0.1550 sq. in. milligramme (mgr.) . 15.500 sq. in. centigramme (.01 gram.) decigramme (1 “ ) GRAMME) A. ss) a dekagramme (10 gram.) 5-64383 drams. hectogramme (100 “ ) 3.52739 Oz. t = 2.4711 acres. 22046223 lbs. KILOGRAMME (1,000 “ ) = 15432.3564 0.01543 grain. 0.15432 “ 1.54324 grains. 15.43230. “ sq. decimetre (100 sq. centm.) sq. metre or centi- } oo) 10.7639 sq. ft. are (100 sq. dcm.) 1.1960 sq. yds. ARE (100 sq. m.) 119.60 sq. yds. hectare (100 ares or 10,000 sq. m.) Hind grains. myriagramme (10 kilog.)= 22.04622 Ibs. quintal (100 “ )= 1.96841 cwt. millier or tonne (1,000 kilog.) t : 0.9842 ton. CUBIC MEASURE. cub. centimetre (c.c.) (1,000 cubic } = 0.0610 cub. in. TROY WEIGHT. millimetres) \ cub. decimetre 0.03215 oz. Troy. (c.d.) (1,000 cubic > = 61.024 “ “ GRAMME. . = 2 0.64301 pennyweight. centimetres) 15.43230 grains. CUB. METRE i 35.3148 cub. ft. Gouna 1.307954 cub. yds. APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT. 0.25721 drachm. GRAMME .. . .=4 0.77162 scruple. 15.43230 grains. Nore.—The Metre is the length, at the temperature of 0° C., of the platinum-iridium bar deposited at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Sevres, near Paris, France. The present legal equivalent of the metre is 39.370113 inches, as above stated. The K1LoGramme is the mass of a platinum-iridium weight deposited at the same place. The Lrrre contains one kilogramme weight of distilled water at its maximum density (4° C.), the barometer being at 760 millimetres. *In accordance with the schedule adopted under the Weights and Measures (metric system) Act, 1897. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. ; (2) METRIC TO IMPERIAL. LINEAR MEASURE. Millimetres to inches. 0.03937011 0.0787 4023 0.1181 1034 0.15748045 0.19685056 0.23622068 0:27/559979 0.31496090 0-35433102 WOON HDA UPWH Metres Metres 13:12337 16.40421 19.68 506 22.96590 26.24674 29.52758 TABLE 3. EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC AND BRITISH IMPERIAL WEICHTS AND MEASURES. Kilo- metres to MEASURE OF CAPACITY. Litres 1.75980 3-51961 5-27941 7.03921 8.79902 10.55882 12.31862 14.07842 15.83823 Oo OND UFWNA Hectolitres to bushels. Dekalitres to gallons, 2.19975 4.39951 6.59926 8.79902 10.99877 13.19852 15.39828 17.59803 19.79778 | 24-74723 SQUARE MEASURE. Square centimetres to square inches. 0.15500 0.31000 0.46500 0.62000 0.77 500 0.93000 1.08 500 1.24000 1.39501 I e " 3 4 5 6 7 8 5 Cubic decimetres to cubic inches. 61.02390 122.04781 183.07171 244.09501 305.11952 306.14342 427.167 32 488.191 23 549-21 513 O OND MLWNH Square metres to square yards. Square metres to square feet. 10.76393 21.52786 32-29179 43-05572 53-81965 64.58357 75-34759 86.111 43 96.87 536 1.19599 2.39198 3.58798 4.78397 5-97996 7-17595 8.37194 9.56794 10.76393 MEASURE. Cubic metres to cubic yards, Cubic metres to cubic feet. 1.30795 2.61591 3.92386 5.23182 6.53977 7:84772 9.15568 10.46363 11.7719 35-31476 70.629 52 105.94428 141.25904 176.57379 211.8885 5 247.20331 282.51807 317.83283 GMITHSONIAN TABLES. Hectares to acres. 2.4711 4-9421 7-41 32 9.8842 12.3553 14.8263 17.2974 19.7685 22.2395 APpoTHE- CARIES’ MBASURE. Cub. cen- timetres to fluid drachms. 0.28157 0.56314 0.84471 1.12627 1.40784 1.68941 1.97098 2.25255 2.53412 WEIGHT (Avorrpupots). Milli- grammes to grains. 0.01543 0.03086 0.04630 0.06173 0.07716 0.09259 0.10803 0.12346 0.13889 WO OND UPWNH Avo1rDUPOIS (cont.) Milliers or tonnes to tons. | 0.98421 1.96841 2.95262 3-93083 4.92103 5-90524 6.88944 787365 8.85786 OOND NWN Kilo- Kilogrammes | grammes to grains, to pounds, 2.20462 4.40924 6.61 387 8.81849 I1.02311 15432.356 30864.713 46297.069 61729.426 77161.782 13.22773 15.43236 17.63698 19.84160 92504.138 108026.495 123458.851 138891.208 Troy WEIGHT. _ Grammes to penny- weights. Grammes to ounces Troy. 0.64301 1.28603 1.92904. 2.57200 3-21 507 3.85809 4.50110 0.03215 0.06430 0.09645 0.12860 0.16075 0.19290 0.22506 0.25721 0.28936 5.14412 5-78713 Kilolitres to quarters. 3.43712 6.87423 10.31135 13.74840 17.18558 20.62269 24.05981 27.49092 509:93404 Quintals to hundred- weights. 1.96841 3-93683 5.90524 7.87365 9.84206 11.81048 13-77889 15-747 30 17-715§72 APOTHE- CARIES’ WEIGHT. Grammes to scruples, 0.77162 1.54324 2.31485 3.08647 3.85809 4.62971 5-401 32 6.17294 6.94456 TABLE 3. 9 EQUIVALENTS OF BRITISH IMPERIAL AND METRIC WEICHTS AND MEASURES. (3) IMPERIAL TO METRIC. LINEAR MEASURE. MEASURE OF CAPACITY. 25.400 milli- : +1: Iinch . { metres. : ou ( A eee ori ; esa caneue p 4gills). . .=05 e. #foot (12in.) . . 0.304 ee fi quart (2 pints) .. . = 1136) “litres: IEVARD, (sits) - 0.914399 I GALLON (4 quarts) = 4.5459631 ‘‘ : pole (54 yd.) wigs 5.0292 metres, Fepeck: (2)alls:)e 4) 3 .092 Ke I chain (22 yd. or} __ 20.1168 * 1 bushel (8 galls.) . = 3.637 dekalitres. 100 links) I quarter (8 bushels) = li : - GES ot eee an q ( ) = 2.909 hectolitres ; .6 ilo- 1 mile (1,760 yd.) . = { z one AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. SQUARE MEASURE. 64.8 milli- . 6.4516 sq. cen- grammes, Isquareinch . . = timetres. I dram . : 1.772 grammes. | 9.2903 sq. deci- || I ounce (16 dr.) : : 28.350 metres. I POUND (16 oz. or E 0.836126 sq. 7,000 grains) © 45359243 kilogr. I SQ. YARD (9 sq. ft.) = { metres. I stone (14]b.). . 6.350 ; . I quarter (28 1b.) . 12.70 1 perch (303 sq. yd.) = { eo "ee 1 hundredweight ; ae feo.8e S 1 rood (40 perches) = 10,117 ares. (112 Ib.) ( 0.5080 quintal. I ACRE (4840 sq. yd.) = 0.40468 hectare. 1.0160 tonnes or IOGTAIN ws s,s =} I sq. ft. (144 sq. in.) = I sq. mile (640 acres) = $259.00 hectares. r ton (20 cwt.) . = | 1ol6 kilo- grammes. TROY WEIGHT. CUBIC MEASURE. a get : 1 Troy OUNCE (480 1 cub. inch= 16,387 cub. centimetres. eons a a t = 31.1035 grammes. I cub. foot (1728 ha [tees cub. me- | | pennyweight (24 cub. in. tre, or 28.317 : f =e 55 52 se ) cub.decimetres. eens) I CUB. YARD (27 tb 0.76455 cub. metre. Norte. — The Troy grain is of the same weight as cub. ft.) the Avoirdupois grain. APOTHECARIES’ MEASURE. - APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT. I gallon (8 pints or| __ i 160 fluid ounces) = 4.545931 litres 1 fluid ounce, f 3 28.4123 cubic (8 drachms) a } centimetres. 1 fluid drachm, f 3 __ § 3.5515 cubic (60 minims) at centimetres. I minim, mM (0.91146 t __ § 0.05919 cubic grain weight) os { centimetres. Nortz.— The Apothecaries’ ounce is of the same weight as the Troy ounce. The Apothecaries’ Notz.— The Apothecaries’ gallon is of the same grain is also of the same weight as the Avoirdupois capacity as the Imperial gallon. grain. 1 ounce (8 drachms) = 31.1035 grammes. 1 drachm, 3i (3 scru- __ “ ples) i= 3.888 1 scruple, Di (20) __ ee grains) } = 1.296 Note. — The Yarn is the length at 62° Fahr., marked on a bronze bar deposited with the Board of Trade. The Pounp is the weight of a piece of platinum weighed in vacuo at the temperature of 0° C., and which is also deposited with the Board of Trade. ; he GALLON contains 1o Ib. weight of distilled water at the temperature of 62° Fahr., the barometer being at 30 inches. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. IO TABLE 3. EQUIVALENTS OF BRITISH IMPERIAL AND METRIC WEICHTS AND MEASURES. (4) IMPERIAL TO METRIC. LINEAR MEASURE. MEASURE OF CAPACITY. Inches Yards Miles Quarts Gallons Bushels Quarters _to to to kilo- to to to centimetres. metres. metres. metres. i . litres, dekalitres. | hectolitres. | 2.539998 | 0.30480 | 0.91440 | 1.60934 4.54596 | 3-63677 | 2.90942 5:079996 | 0.60960 | 1.82880 | 3.21569 2.272098 9.09193 | 7.27354 | 5.31883 7.619993 | 0.91440 | 2.74320 | 4.82803 3.40947 13.63789 | 10.91031 | 8.72825 I0.1§999I | 1.21920 | 3.65760 | 6.43737 454596 | 18.18385 | 14.54708 | 11.63767 12.699989 | 1.52400 | 4.57200 | 8.04671 5.68245 | 22.72982 | 18.18385 | 14.54708 15.239987 | 1.82880 | 5.48640 | 9.65606 6.81894 | 27.27578 | 21.82062 | 17.45650 17-779984 2.13360 6.40080 | 11.26540 7.95544 | 31.82174 | 25.45739 | 20.36591 20.319982 | 2.43840 | 7.31519 | 12.87474 9-09193 | 36.36770 | 29.09416 | 23.27533 22.859980 | 2.74320 | 8.22959 | 14.48408 10.22842 | 40.91367 | 32.73093 | 26.18475 O ONDA NMPWNH SQUARE MEASURE. WEIGHT (Avorrpupots). Square Square Square inches feet yards to | Acres to to square to square square hectares. centimetres. | decimetres.| metres. Pounds Hundred- to kilo- weights to grammes. quintals, Grains to milli- grammes. Ounces to grammes. 64.79892 | 28.34953 | 0.45359 | 0.50802 129.59784 | 56.69905 | 0.90718 | 1.01605 194.39675 | 85.04858 | 1.36078 | 1.52407 2559-19567 | 113.39811 | 1.81437 | 2.03209 323-99459 | 141.74763 | 2.26796 | 2.54012 6.45159 | 9.29029 | 0.83613 | 0.40468 12.90318 | 18.58058 | 1.67225 | 0.80937 19.35477 | 27-87086 | 2.50838 | 1.21405 25.80636 | 37.16115 | 3.34450 | 1.61874 32.25794 | 46.45144 | 4.18063 | 2.02342 388.79351 | 170.09716 | 2.72155 | 3.04814 453-59243 | 198.44669 | 3.17515 | 3.55616 518.39135 | 226.79621 | 3.62874 | 4.06419 583-19026 | 255.14574 | 4.08233 | 4.57221 38.70953 | 55-74173 | 5.01676 | 2.42811 45-16112 | 65.03201 | 5.85288 | 2.83279 51.61271 | 74.32230 | 6.68901 | 3.23748 58.06430 | 83.61259 | 7.52513 | 3.64216 OON DW MWPWNDH APOTHE- Troy WEIGHT. CARIES’ WEIGHT. APOTHE- MEASURE. CARIES’ MEAasuRE. AVOIRDUPOIS (comt.). Fluid drachms Tons to to cubic milliers or centi- tonnes. metres. Cubic Cubic feet Cubic inches to yards to cubic cubic to cubic centimetres. metres. metres Penny- Scruples weights to to grammes. | grammes. Ounces to grammes. | | 1.01605 | 31.10348 | 1.55517 | 1.29598 2.03209 | 62.20696 | 3.11035 | 2.59196 3.04814 | 93-31044 | 4.66552 | 3.88794 4.06419 | 124.41392 | 6.22070 | 5.18391 5.08024 | 155-51740 | 7.77587 | 6.47989 16.38702 | 0.02832 | 0.76455] 3.55153 32.77404 | 0.05663 | 1.52911 | 7.10307 49-16106 | 0.08495 | 2.29366 | 10.65460 65.54808 | 0.11327 | 3.05821 | 14.20613 81.93511 | 0.14158 | 3.82276 | 17.75767 6.09628 | 186.62088 | 9.33104 | 7.77587 7.11233 | 217.72437 | 10.88622 | 9.07185 8.12838 | 248.82785 | 12.44139 | 10.36783 9.14442 | 279.93133 | 13-9957 | 11.66381 98.32213 | 0.16990 | 4.58732 | 21.30920 I14-7091§ | 0.19822 | 5.35187 | 24.86074 131.09617 | 0.22653 | 6.11642 | 28.41227 147-48319 | 0.25485 | 6.88098 | 31.96380 || WO ONDA NLWNH WO OND NPWNA SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 4, II VOLUME OF A CLASS VESSEL FROM THE WEICHT OF ITS EQUIVALENT VOLUME OF MERCURY OR WATER. If a glass vessel contains at C, P grammes of mercury, weighted with brass weights in air at 760 mm. pressure, then its volume in c. cm. at the same temperature, 4,: V= PR = pe Y= PR= Ppl irra ay p= the weight, reduced to vacuum, of the mass of mercury or water which, weighed with brass at another temperature, 4, : weights, equals I gramme ; d =the density of mercury or water at ¢°C, and y = 0.000 025, is the cubical expansion coefficient of glass. WATER. Reqs 2/108.) || ty, ey == 20°. 1.001192 1.001443 1.001693 1133 1355 1609 1092 1292 1542 1068 1243 1493 1060 1210 1460 1068 1193 1443 1.001092 1,001 192 1.001442 1131 1206 1456 1184 1234 1485 1252 1277 1527 1333 1333 1534 1.001428 1.001403 001653 1530 1486 1730 1657 1582 1832 1790 1690 1940 1935 1810 2060 1.002092 1.001942 1.002193 2201 2086 2337 2441 2241 2491 2633 2407 2058 2835 2584 2835 1.003048 3271 2970 3220 3504 3178 3429 3748 3396 3047 4001 3624 3875 1.002772 1.003023 1.004264 1.003862 1.004113 4537 4110 4361 4318 43606 4616 5110 4032 4884 5410 4908 5159 R. 0.0735499 5633 5706 5900 6033 6167 0.07 36301 6434 6508 6702 6335 0.07 36969 7103 7230 7379 7504 0.0737637 7771 7905 8039 8172 0.07 38 306 8440 8573 8707 8841 0.07 38974 9108 9242 9376 9510 MERCURY. Reis t= 100% 0.0735083 5798 5914 6029 6144 6259 0.0736374 6490 6605 6720 6835 0.07 36951 7066 7181 7297 7412 0.07 37 527 7642 7757 7872 7988 0.07 38103 8218 8333 8449 8564 0.07 38679 8794 8910 go25 9140 — oO Kyu = 2058 0.0735867 5982 6098 6213 6328 6443 0.07 36558 6674 6789 6904 7020 0.0737135 7250 7305 7481 7596 0.0737711 7826 7941 8057 8172 0.07 38288 0.07 38864 8979 9094 9210 9325 Taken from Landolt, Bornstein, and Meyerhoffer’s Physikalisch-Chemische Tabellen. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 5. DIFFERENTIAL COEFFICIENTS. INTEGRALS. 12 DIFFERENTIAL COEFFICIENTS. Sx"dx S atdx JS etdx ye x J cos. ax. dx loge x sin. x cos. ¥ tan. ¥ cot. ¥ —sin. ¥ sec.? x —cosec.? % sin. + cos.? % cos. % JS sin. ax + dx sec. © JS sec.? ax + dx cosec. % JS cosec.? ax + dx =soes sin.“ ¥ sin. x : Sin 2 de COs.* x sin. a4 —— V(1—*') cos. x I Soe ; dx EY sin.? « dx V (a?—#?) cos.—! # —— J/ (1—z") I 1+? eye, an 4-2? ie RERe xn/ (x? —1) I ~ aa/(0?—1) I tan.—! x cot.—! x dx a’+x? ve dx ote 2 72 a/ (2 x—x?) se ae) I dx a/ (2 x—x) a/ (2 *—x?) sec.—! ¥ cosec.—! x vers.—! x covers,—! x Taylor’s series : y INTEGRALS. anti at log, @ et log. x pinay a —cos. aX a tan. ax a —cot. ax a sec. ¥ —cosec. ¥ (Caste w=fletM=SAd+f bts") E472) + aa The remainder after the first 7 terms is expressed by —>—__ fr+(2+-h—z)z- dz. teen? (s+ ) Maclaurin’s series : u=f(x)=f(o) +f’ (o)x+f" (0) a +f"(0) x3 Ie2 w=3.14159265359 ~ =0.31830988618 m’=9.86960440109 e=2.71828182846 \/m=1.77245385091 = 0.88622692 546 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. ue “5S logio ™=0.497 14987 269 logis e=0.43429448190 log. 10=2.30258509299 log,(number) =log.(number) : logs e gf log.(number) loge B TABLE 6. 13 VALUES OF RECIPROCALS, SQUARES, CUBES, SQUARE ROOTS, OF 50.0000 47-6190 45-4545 43-4783 41.6667 40.0000 38.4615 37-0370 35-7143 34-4828 33-3333 32.2581 31.2500 30.3030 29.4118 28.5714 27-7778 27.0270 26.3158 25.6410 25.0000 24.3902 23.8095 23.2558 22.7273 22.2222 21.7391 21.2766 20.8333 20.4082 20.0000 19.6078 19.2308 18.8679 18.5135 18.1818 17.8571 17-5439 17.2414 16.9492 16.6667 16.3934 16.1290 15.8730 15.6250 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. NATURAL NUMBERS. 14.2857 14.0845 13.8889 13.6986 13-5135 13-3333 £3:1579 12.9870 12.8205 12.6582 12.5000 12.3457 12,1951 12,0482 11.9048 11.7647 | 11.6279 eH 153 11.2360 10.9890 10.8696 10.7527 10.6383 10.5263 10.4167 10.3093 10.2041 10.IOIO 10.0000 9.90099 9.80392 9.70874 9.61538 9.52381 9.43396 9:34579 9.25926 9.17431 9.09091 eccees 8.92857 8.84956 8.77193 8.69565 8.62069 8.54701 8.47458 8.40336 PEEL f{ 274625 287496 300763 314432 328509 343000 357911 373248 389017 405224 421875 438976 450533 474552 493039 512000 531441 551368 571787 592704 614125 636056 658503 631472 704969 729000 753571 778088 804357 830584 857375 884736 912673 941192 979299 1000000 1030301 1061208 1092727 1124864 1157625 I1Q1o16 1225043 1259712 1295029 1331000 1367631 1404928 1442897 1481544 152087 1360898 1601613 1643032 1685159 10.2470 10.2956 10.3441 10.3923 10.4403 10.4881 10.5357 10.5830 10.6301 10.6771 10.7238 10.7703 10.8167 10.8628 10.9087 14 TABLE 6 (continued). VALUES OF RECIPROCALS, SQUARES, CUBES, SQUARE ROOTS, OF NATURAL NUMBERS. 1 3 1 2 8 1000.,, n \2 1000.) n n V2 8.33333 1728000 | 10.9545 5.71429 5359375 | 13-2288 8.26446 1771561 | 11.0000 5-68 182 5451770 | 13.2665 8.19672 1815848 | 11.0454 5-64972 5545233 | 13-3041 8.13008 1860867 | 11.0905 5.61798 68 5039752 | 13-3417 8.06452 1906624 | 11.1355 5.58659 5735339 | 13-3791 8.00000 1953125 | 11.1803 5-55556 5832000 | 13.4164 7.93651 2000376 | 11.2250 5.52456 5929741 | 13-4536 7.87402 2048383 | 11.2694 5-49451 6028568 | 13-4907 7.81250 2097152 | 11.3137 5.46448 6128487 | 13-5277 7-7 5194 2146089 | 11.3578 5-43478 6229504 | 13.5647 7.69231 2197000 | 11.4018 5.40541 6331625 | 13.6015 7-63359 2248091 | 11.4455 537634 6434856 | 13.6382 7.57570 2299968 | 11.4891 5-347 59 6539203 | 13-6748 7.51880 2352637 | 11.5326 5.31915 6644672 | 13-7113 7.46269 2406104 | 11.5758 5.29101 6751269 | 13-7477 7.40741 2460375 | 11.6190 5.26316 6859000.| 13-7840 7-35294 2515450 | 11.6619 5.23560 6967871 | 13-8203 7-29927 2571353 | 11-7047 5:20833 7077888 | 13.8564 7.24638 2628072 | 11.7473 5.18135 7189057 | 13.8924 7.19424 2685619 | 11.7898 5-15404 7301384 | 13.9284 7.14286 2744000 | 11.8322 5.12821 7414875 | 13.9642 7.09220 2803221 | 11.8743 5.10204 7529530 | 14.0000 7.04225 2863288 | 11.9164 5-076014 7645373 | 14.0357 6.99301 2924207 | 11.9583 5.05051 7762392 | 14.0712 6.94444 2985984 | 12.0000 5.02513 7880599 | 14.1067 6.89655 3048625 | 12.0416 5.00000 8000000 | 14.1421 6.84932 3112136 | 12.0830 4.97512 8120601 | 14.1774 6.80272 3176523 | 12.1244 4.95050 8242408 | 14.2127 6.75676 3241792 | 12.1655 4.92611 2 8365427 | 14.2478 6.71141 3307949 | 12.2006 4.90196 8489664 | 14.2829 6.66667 3375000 | 12.2474 4.87805 8615125 | 14.3178 6.62252 3442951 | 12.2882 4.85437 8741816 | 14.3527 6.57895 3511808 | 12.3288 4.83092 8869743 | 14-3875 6.53595 3581577 | 12.3693 4.80769 Sgg8912 | 14.4222 6.49351 3652264 | 12.4097 4.78469 9129329 | 14.4568 6.45161 3723875 | 12.4499 4.76190 9261000 | 14.4914 6.41026 3796416 | 12.4900 4-73934 21 | 9393931 | 14.5258 6.36943 3869893 | 12.5300 4.71698 9528128 | 14.5602 6.32911 3944312 | 12.5698 4.69454 9663597 | 14-5945 6.28931 2 4019679 | 12.6095 4.67290 9800344 | 14.6287 6.25000 4096000 | 12.6491 4.65116 2 9938375 | 14.6629 6.21118 4173281 | 12.6886 4.62963 10077696 | 14.6969 6.17284 4251528 | 12.7279 4.60829 9 | 10218313 | 14.7309 6.13497 | 26569 | 4330747 | 12.7671 4.58716 24 | 10360232 | 14.7648 6.09756 | 26896 | 4410944 | 12.8062 4.56621 10503459 | 14.7986 6.06061 4492125 | 12.8452 A 54 54 5 10648000 | 14.8324 6.02410 | 2 4574296 | 12.8841 4.52489 10793861 | 14.8661 5.98802 46057463 | 12.9228 4.50450 | 4 10941048 | 14.8997 5-95238 4741632 | 12.9615 4.48431 29 | 11089567 | 14.9332 |f 5.91716 4826809 | 13.0000 4.46429 11239424 | 14.9666 5.88235 4913000 | 13.0384 4.44444 11390625 | 15.0000 5:84795 5000211 | 13.0767 4.42478 11543176 | 15.0333 5.81305 5088448 | 13.1149 4.40529 11697083 | 15.0665 5.78035 5177717 | 13-1529 4.38596 I 1852352 15.0997 §-74713 5268024 | 13.1909 4.30681 12008989 | 15.1327 SMITHSONIAN TABLES, 4.25532 4.23729 4.21941 4.20168 4.18410 4.16667 4.14938 4-13223 4.11523 4.098 36 4.08163 4.06504 4.04858 4.03226 4.01606 4.00000 3-98406 3.90825 3:95257 3-93701 3-921 57 3-90625 3.89105 3.87 597 3.86100 3.84615 3.83142 3.81679 3.80228 3-78788 3:77358 3-75940 3-74532 3-73134 371747 3-70370 3:69004 3-67647 3.66300 3-64964 3.63636 3.62319 3-61011 3-597 12 3-58423 3-57143 3-55872 3.54610 3-53357 3.52113 SMITHSONIAN TABLES, 12167000 12326391 12487168 12649337 12812904 12977875 13144256 13312053 13481272 13651919 13824000 13997 521 14172488 14348907 14526784 14706125 14886936 15069223 15252992 15438249 15625000 15813251 16003008 16194277 16387064 16581375 16777216 16974593 17173512 17373979 17576000 17779581 17984728 18191447 18399744 18609625 18821096 19034163 19248832 19465109 19683000 19902511 20123648 20346417 20570824 2079687 5 21024570 21253933 21484952 21717639 21952000 22188041 22425768 22665187 22906304 TABLE 6 (continued). VALUES OF RECIPROCALS, SQUARES, CUBES, AND SQUARE ROOTS, OF NATURAL NUMBERS. 15-3297 15.3623 15.3945 15.4272 15-4596 15.4919 15.5242 15.5563 15.5885 15.6205 15-6525 15.6344 15-7162 15.7480 15-7797 15.8114 15.8430 15.8745 15.9060 15-9374 15.9687 16.0000 16.0312 16.0624 16.0935 16.1245 16.1555 16.1864 16.2173 16.2481 16.2788 16.3095 16.3401 16.3707 16.4012 16.4317 16.4621 16.4924 16.5227 16.5529 16.5831 16.6132 16.6433 16.6733 16.7033 16.7332 16.7631 16.7929 16.8226 16.8523 1000.1 n 3.50877 3.49650 3.48432 3-47 222 3.46021 3.44828 3-43643 3.42466 3-41297 3-401 36 3-38983 3-37838 3.36700 3-35570 3-34448 3°33333 2226 3.31126 3-30033 3-28947 3.27869 3-20797 3:25733 3.24675 3.23625 3.22581 3-21543 3.20513 3-19489 3.18471 3-17460 3.16456 3-1 5457 3-14405 3-13480 3.12500 3.11527 3-10559 309598 3.08642 3.07692 3.067 48 3.05810 3-04878 3-0395! 3.03030 3.02115 3.01205 3.00300 2.99401 2.98507 2.97619 2.967 36 2.95858 2.9490 5 n> 81225 81796 82369 82944 83521 84100 84681 85264 85849 86436 87025 87616 838209 88804 89401 go0000 go6o1 g1204 g1809 92416 93025 93636 94249 94864 95481 96100 96721 97344 97969 98596 998 56 100489 IOII24 101761 102400 103041 103684 104329 104976 105625 106276 106929 107584 108241 108900 109501 110224 110889 111556 112225 112896 113569 114244 114921 n 23149125 23393656 23639903 23857872 24137569 24389000 24642171 24897088 25053757 25412184 25672375 25934330 26198073 20463592 267 30899 27000000 27270901 27 543608 27818127 28094464 28372625 28652616 28934443 29218112 29503629 29791000 30080231 30371328 30064297 30959144 31255875 31554490 31855013 32157432 32461759 32768000 33076161 33386248 33098267 34012224 34328125 34645976 34965783 35287552 35611289 35937000 36264691 36594368 36926037 37259704 37595375 37933056 3827 2753 38614472 38958219 15 yz 16.8819 16.9115 16.9411 16.9706 17.0000 17.0294 17.0587 17.0880 17.1172 17.1464 17.1756 17.2047 17-2337 17.2627 17.2916 17.3205 17-3494 17.3781 17.4009 17-4356 17.4642 17-4929 17.5214 17-5499 17-5734 17.6068 17.6352 17-6635 17-6918 17.7200 17.7482 17.7764 17.8045 17.8326 17.8606 17.8885 17.9165 17-9444 17.9722 18.0000 18.0278 18.0555 18.0531 18.1108 18.1384 18.1659 18.1934 18.2209 18.2483 18.2757 18.3030 18.3303 18.3576 18.3848 18.4120 16 2.85714 2.84900 2.84091 2.83286 2.82486 2.81690 2.80899 2.80112 2.79339 2.78552 2.77778 2.77008 2.76243 2.75482 2.74725 2.73973 2.73224 2.72480 2.71739 2.71003 2.70270 2.69542 2.68517 2.68097 2.67380 2.66667 2.65957 2.65252 2.64550 2.63852 2.63158 2.62467 2.61780 2.61097 2.60417 2.59740 2.59067 2.58398 2.577 32 2.57069 2.56410 2.55754 2.55102 2.54453 2.53807 121801 122500 123201 123904 124609 125316 126025 126736 127449 128164 128881 129600 130321 131044 131769 132496 133225 133956 134659 135424 130161 136900 137641 138384 139129 139876 140625 141376 142129 142884 143641 144400 145161 145924 146689 147456 148225 148996 149769 150544 151321 152100 152881 153664 154449 155230 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. OF NATURAL NUMBERS. 39651821 40001688 40353607 40707 584 41063625 41421736 41781923 42144192 42508549 42875000 43243551 43614208 43986977 44301864 447 3887 5 45118016 45499293 45882712 460268279 46656000 47045881 47437928 47832147 48228544 48627125 49027896 49430563 49836032 50243409 50653000 51064811 51478848 51895117 52313624 52734375 53157376 53582633 540101 52 54439939 54872000 55306341 55742968 56181887 56623104 57066625 57512456 57960603 58411072 58863869 59319000 59776471 60236288 60698457 61162984 TABLE 6 (continued ). VALUES OF RECIPROCALS, SQUARES, CUBES, AND SQUARE ROOTS 18.4391 18.4662 18.4932 18.5203 18.5472 18.5742 18.6011 18.6279 18.6548 18.6515 18.7083 18.7350 18.7617 18.7883 18.8149 18.8414 18.8680 18.8944 18.9209 18.9473 18.9737 19.0000 19.0263 19.0526 19.0788 19.1050 19.1311 19.1572 19.1833 19.2094 19.2354 19.2614 19.2873 19.3132 19.3391 19.3649 19.3907 19.4165 19.4422 19.4679 19.4936 19.5192 19.5448 19.5704 19.5959 19.6214 19.6469 19.6723 19.6977 19.7231 19.7484 19.7737 19.7990 19.8242 19.8494 1 1000.; 2.53165 2-52525 2.51889 2.51250 2.50627 2.50000 2.49377 2.487 56 2.48139 2-47 525 2.46914 2.46305 2.45700 2.45098 2.44499 2.43902 2.43309 2.42718 2.42131 2.41546 2.40964 2.40385 2.39808 2.39234 2.38663 2.38095 2.37530 2.36967 2.36407 2.35849 2.35204 2.34742 2.34192 2.33645 2.33100 2.32558 2.32019 2.31481 2 SOOT, 2.30415 2.2988 5 2.29358 2.28833 2.28311 2.27790 2.27273 2.26757 2.26244 2.25734 2.25225 2.24719 2.24215 2.23714 2.23214 2.22717 na 156025 156816 157609 158404 159201 160000 160801 161604 162409 163216 164025 164836 165649 166464 167281 168100 168921 169744 170509 171396 172225 173056 173889 174724 17 5561 176400 177241 178084 178929 179776 180625 181476 182329 183184 184041 184900 185761 186624 187489 188356 189225 190096 190969 191844 192721 193600 194481 195364 196249 197136 198025 198916 199809 200704 201601 n> 61629875 620991 36 62570773 63044792 63521199 64000000 64481201 64964808 65450827 65939264 66430125 66923416 67419143 67917312 68417929 68921000 69426531 69934528 70444997 70957944 71473375 71991296 72511713 73034632 73560059 74088000 74018461 75151448 75686967 76225024 76765625 77308776 77554483 laa 78953589 79507000 80062991 80621 568 81182737 81746504 82312875 82881856 83453453 84027672 84604519 85184000 85766121 86350888 869 38307 87528384 88121125 88716536 89314623 89915392 90518849 ¥7 19.8746 19.8997 19.9249 19.9499 19.97 50 20.0000 20,0250 20.0499 20.0749 20.0998 20.1246 20.1494 20.1742 20.1990 20.2237 20.2485 20.2731 20.2978 20.3224 20.3470 20.3715 20.3961 20.4206 20.4450 20.4695 20.4939 20.5183 20.5426 20.5670 20.5913 20.615 3 20.639) 20.6640 20.6882 20.7123 20.7364 20.7605 20.7846 20.8087 20.8327 20.8567 20.8806 20.9045 20.9284 20.9523 20.9762 21.0000 21.0238 21.0476 21.0713 21.0950 21.1187 21.1424 21.1660 21.1896 TABLE 6 (continued). 17, VALUES OF RECIPROCALS, SQUARES, CUBES, AND SQUARE ROOTS OF NATURAL NUMBERS. 1000.4 ni ns yz 1000.4 n? nb 2.22222 | 202500 | 91125000 | 21.2132 ||| 505 | 1.98020| 255025 | 128787625 2.21730 | 203401 | 91733851 | 21.2368 || 506 | 1.97628 | 256036 | 129554216 2.21239 | 204304 | 92345408 | 21.2603 || 507 | 1.97239 | 257049 | 130323843 2.20751 | 205209 | 92959677 | 21.2838 || 508 | 1.96850 | 258064 | 131096512 2.20264 | 200116 | 93576664 | 21.3073 | 509 | 1.96464 | 259081 | 131872229 2.19780 | 207025 | 94196375 | 21.3307 || 510 | 1.96078 | 260100 | 132651000 2.19298 | 207936 | 94818816 | 21.3542 || 511 | 1.95695 | 261121 | 133432831 2.18818 | 208849 | 95443993 | 21.3776 || 512 | 1.95312 | 262144 | 134217728 2.18341 | 209764 | 96071912 | 21.4009 || 513 | 1.94932 | 263169 | 135005697 2.17865 | 210681 | 96702579 | 21.4243 || 514 | 1-94553 | 264196 | 135796744 2.17391 | 211600 | 97336000 | 21.4476 || 515 | 1.94175 | 265225 | 136590875 2.16920 | 212521 | 97972181 | 21.4709 || 516 | 1.93798 | 266256 | 137388096 2.16450 | 213444 | 98611128 | 21.4942 || 517 | 1.93424 | 267289 | 138188413 2.15983 | 214309 | 99252847 | 21.5174 || 518 | 1.93050 | 268324 | 138991832 2.15517 | 215296 | 99897344 | 21-5407 |] 519 | 1.92678 | 269361 | 139793359 2.15054 | 216225 | 100544625 | 21.5639 || 520 | 1.92308 | 270400 | 140608000 2.14592 | 217156 | 101194696 | 21.5870 || 521 | 1.91939] 271441 | 141420761 2.14133 | 218089 | 101847563 | 21.6102 || 522 | 1.91571 | 272484 | 142236648 2.13675 | 219024 | 102503232 | 21.6333 || 523 | I-91205 | 273529 | 143055667 2.13220 | 219961 | 103161709 | 21.6564 || 524 | 1.90840} 274576 | 143877824 NN WN HN RN HK N NNNNN NwKNNN 2.12766 | 220900 | 103823000 | 21.6795 || 525 | 1.90476 | 275625 | 144703125 2.12314 | 221841 | 104487111 | 21.7025 || 526 | 1.90114 276676 | 145531576 2.11564 | 222784 | 105154048 | 21.7256 || 527 1.89753 | 277729 | 146303183 2.11416 | 223729 | 105823817 | 21.7486 || 528 | 1.89394 | 278784 | 147197952 2.10970 | 224676 | 106496424 | 21.7715 || 529 | 1.89036] 279841 | 1480353859 2.10526 107171875 | 21.7945 || 530 | 1.88679 | 280900 | 148877000 2.10084 107850176 | 21.8174 || 531 | 1.88324 | 281961 | 149721291 2.09644 108531333 | 21.8403 |} 532 | 1-87970 | 283024 | 150568768 2.09205 109215352 | 21.8632 || 533 | 1.87617 | 284089 | 151419437 2.08768 109902239 | 21.8861 || 534 | 1.87266] 285156 | 152273304 NNH HN eonov~o Rw HN POW QNNVN 2.08333 110592000 | 21.9089 || 535 | 1.86916 | 286225 | 153130375 | 23.1301 2.07900 111284641 | 21.9317 ||| 536 | 1.86567 | 287296 | 153990656 | 23.1517 2.07469 2324 | 111980168 | 21.9545 || 537 | 1.86220 | 288369 | 154854153 | 23-1733 2.07039 112678587 : 538 | 1.85874 | 289444 | 155720872 | 23.1948 | 2.00612 113379904 : 539 | 1.85529 | 290521 | 156590819 | 23.2164 || 1.85185 | 291600 | 157464000 | 23.2379 |} 1.84843 | 292681 | 158340421 | 23.2594 | 1.84502 | 293764 | 159220088 | 23.2809 2.04918 | 238144 | 116214272 1.84162 | 294849 | 160103007 | 23.3024 || 2.04499 | 239121 | 116930169 1.83824 | 295936 | 160989184 | 23.3238 2.04082 | 240100 | 117649000 1.83486 | 297025 | 161878625 | 23.3452 2.03666 | 241081 | 118370771 1.83150 | 298116 | 162771336 | 23.3666 2.03252 | 242064 | 119095488 1.82815 | 299209 | 163667323 | 23.3880 2.02840 | 243049 | 119823157 : 1.82482 | 300304 | 164566592 | 23.4094 2.02429 | 244036 | 120553784 1.82149 | 301401 | 165469149 | 23.4307 1.81818 | 302500 | 166375000 | 23.4521 1.81488 | 303601 | 167284151 | 23.4734 1.81159 | 304704 | 168196608 | 23.4947 1.80832 | 305809 | 169112377 | 23.5160 1.80505 | 306916 | 170031464 | 23.5372 1.80180 | 308025 | 170953875 | 23.5584 1.79856 | 309136 | 171879616 | 23.5797 1.79533 | 310249 | 172808693 | 23.6008 1.79211 | 311364 | 173741112 | 23.6220 1.78891 | 312481 | 174676879 | 23.6432 2.06186 | 235225 | 114084125 2.05761 | 236196 | 114791256 2.05339 | 237169 | 115501303 mw woNNN NN wh t 2.02020 | 245025 | 121287375 2.01613 | 246016 | 122023936 2.01207 | 247009 | 122763473 2.00803 | 248004 | 123505992 2.00401 | 249001 | 124251499 2,00000 | 250000 | 125000000 1.99601 | 251001 | 125751501 1.99203 | 252004 | 126506008 1.98807 | 253009 | 127263527 1.98413 | 254016 | 128024064 m.ON tur On NNN NN NNN NN Go kRK QS % ON Ny N N NNwWNN -PHAWW > 8 NNNNN SMITHSONIAN TABLES, 18 TABLE 6 (continued). VALUES OF RECIPROCALS, SQUARES, CUBES, AND SQUARE ROOTS OF NATURAL NUMBERS. 1000.3 n? # | 1000.) n2 ns 1.78571 | 313600 | 175616000 : 1.62602 | 378225 | 232608375 | 24.7992 1.78253 | 314721 176558481 : 1.62338 379456 233744596 24.8193 1.77930 | 315844 177 504328 ; 1.62075 | 380089 | 234885113 | 24.8395 1.77620 | 310969 | 178453547 : 1.61812 | 381924 | 236029032 | 24.8596 1.77305 | 318096 | 179406144 749 1.61551 | 383161 | 237176659 | 24.8797 1.76991 | 319225 | 180362125 , 1.61290 | 384400 | 238328000 | 24.8998 1.76678 | 320356 | 181321490 : 1.61031 | 385641 | 239483061 | 24.9199 1.76367 | 321489 | 182284263 | 23. 1.60772 | 386884 | 240641848 | 24.9399 1.76056 | 322624 | 183250432 8 1.60514 | 388129 | 241804367 | 24.9600 1.75747 | 323761 | 184220009 8S 1.60256 | 389376 | 242970624 | 24.9800 1.75439 | 324900 | 185193000 : 1.60000 | 390625 | 244140625 | 25.0000 1.75131 | 320041 | 186169411 8 1.59744 | 391876 | 245314376 | 25.0200 1.74825 | 327184 187 149248 : 1.59490 | 393129 | 246491883 | 25.0400 1.74520 | 328329 | 188132517 | 23. 1.59236 | 394384 247073152 25.0599 1.74216 | 329476 | 189119224 : 1.53983 | 395041 | 248555189 | 25.0799 1.73913 | 330625 | 190109375 | 23-9792 |] 1.58730 | 396900 | 250047000 | 25.0998 1.73611 | 331776 | 191102976 | 24.0000 1.58479 | 398161 | 251239591 | 25-1197 1.73310 | 332929 | 192100033 | 24.0208 1.58228 | 399424 | 252435968 | 25.1396 1.73010 | 334084 | 193100552 | 24.0416 || 1.57978 | 400689 | 253636137 | 25.1595 1.72712 | 335241 | 194104539 | 24.0624 1.57729 | 401950 | 254840104 | 25.1794 1.72414 | 336400 | 195112000 | 24.0832 1.57480 | 403225 | 256047875 | 25.1992 1.72117 | 337561 | 196122941 | 24.1039 1.57233 404490 | 257259456 | 25.2190 1.71821 | 338724 197137308 | 24.1247 1.56986 | 405769 | 258474853 | 25.2389 1.71527 | 339889 | 198155287 | 24.1454 1.56740 | 407044 | 259694072 | 25.2587 1.71233 | 341056 | 199176704 | 24.1661 1.56495 | 408321 | 260917119 | 25.2784 1.70940 | 342225 | 200201625 | 24.1868 1.56250 | 409600 | 262144000 | 25.2982 1.70648 | 343396 | 201230056 | 24.2074 1.56006 | 410881 | 263374721 | 25.3180 1.70358 | 344509 | 202262003 | 24.2281 1.55763 | 412164 | 264609288 | 25.3377 1.70008 | 345744 | 203297472 | 24-2487 |] 1.55521 | 413449 | 265847707 | 25.3574 1.69779 | 346921 | 204336469 | 24.2693 1.55280 | 414736 | 267089984 | 25.3772 1.69492 | 348100 | 205379000 | 24.2899 1.55039 | 416025 | 268336125 1.69205 | 349281 | 200425071 | 24.3105 1.54799 | 417316 | 269586136 1.68919 | 350464 | 207474088 | 24.3311 1.54560 | 418609 | 270840023 1.68634 | 351649 | 208527857 | 24.3516 3 | 1.54321 | 419904 | 272097792 1.68350 | 352836 | 209584584 | 24.3721 1.54083 | 421201 | 273359449 1.68067 | 354025 | 210644875 | 24.3926 1.53846 | 422500 | 274625000 1.67785 | 355210 | 211708736 | 24.4131 1.53610 | 423801 | 275894451 1.67504 | 356409 | 212776173 | 24.4336 1.53374 | 425104 | 277167808 1.67224 | 357604 | 213847192 | 24.4540 1.53139 | 426409 | 278445077 -5539 1.66945 | 358801 | 214921799 | 24-4745 1.52905 | 427710 | 279726264 | 25.5734 1.66667 | 360000 | 216000000 | 24.4949 1.52672 | 429025 | 281011375 | 25.5930 1.66389 | 361201 | 217081801 | 24.5153 1.52439 | 430330 | 282300416 | 25.6125 1.66113 | 362404 | 218167208 | 24.5357 1.52207 | 431649 | 283593393 | 25.6320 1.65837 | 363609 | 219256227 | 24.5561 1.51976 | 432964 | 284890312 | 25.6515 1.65503 | 364816 | 220348864 | 24.5764 1.51745 | 434281 | 286191179 | 25.6710 1.65289 | 366025 1445125 | 24.5967 1.51515 | 435600 | 287496000 | 25.6905 1.65017 | 367236 2545016 | 24.6171 1.51286 | 436921 | 288804781 | 25.7099 1.64745 | 303449 24-6374 1.51057 | 438244 | 290117528 | 25.7204 1.64474 | 369664 24-6577 1.50830 | 439569 | 291434247 | 25-7488 1.64204 | 370881 24.6779 1.50602 | 440896 | 292754944 | 25.7682 1.63934 | 372100 24.6982 1.50376 | 442225 | 294079625 1.63666 | 373321 24.7184 1.50150 | 443556 | 295408296 1.63399 | 374544 | 229220928 | 24.7386 7 | 1.49925 | 444559 | 296740963 1.63132 | 375769 | 230346397 | 24.7588 1.49701 | 446224 | 298077632 1.62806 | 376996 | 231475544 | 24.7790 1.49477 | 447561 | 299418309 5.3969 4165 -4302 4558 “4755 -4951 5147 5343 NNN NN Mmmnmn UUmUOn NWNHN NH SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 1.49254 1.49031 1.48810 1.48588 1.48368 1.48148 1.47929 1.47710 1.47493 1.47275 1.47059 1.40843 1.46628 1.46413 1.46199 1.45985 1.45773 1.45560 145349 1.45138 1.44928 1.44718 1.44509 1.44300 1.44092 1.43885 1.43078 TAS 4/2 1.43266 1.43062 1.42857 1.42653 1.42450 1.42248 1.42045 1.41844 1.41643 1.41443 1.41243 1.41044 1.40845 1.40647 1.40449 1.40252 1.40056 1.39860 1.39665 1.39470 1.39276 1.39082 1.38889 1.38696 1.38504 1.38313 1.38122 497025 498436 499849 501264 502681 504100 505521 506944 508369 509796 511225 512656 514059 515524 510961 518400 519841 521284 522729 524176 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. OF NATURAL NUMBERS. 300763000 302111711 303464448 304821217 306182024 307 546875 308915776 310288733 311665752 313040839 314432000 315821241 317214508 318611987 320013504 321419125 3228288 56 324242703 32506067 2 327082769 328509000 329939371 331373888 332812557 334255394 3357092375 337153536 338608873 340368 392 341 532099 343000000 344472101 345948408 347428927 34891 3664 350402625 351895816 353393243 354894912 356400829 357911000 359425431 360944128 362467097 363994344 365525875 367061696 368601813 370146232 371694959 373248000 374805361 376367048 377933067 379503424 TABLE 6 (continued). VALUES OF RECIPROCALS, SQUARES, CUBES, AND SQUARE ROOTS 26.7208 26.7395 26.7582 26.7769 26.7955 26.8142 26.8328 26.8514 26.8701 26.8887 26.9072 1.3793! 1.37741 1.37552 1.37303 1.37174 1.36986 1.30799 1.30612 1.36426 1.36240 1.36054 1.35870 1.35085 1.35501 1.35318 1.35135 1.34953 1.34771 1.34590 1-34409 1.34228 1.34048 1.33869 1.33690 1.33511 I-39095 1.33156 1.32979 1.32802 1.32626 1.32450 1.32275 1.32100 1.31926 1.35752 E32579 1.31406 1.31234 1.31062 1.30890 1.30719 1.30548 1.30378 1.30208 1.30039 29870 29702 -29534 .29306 .29199 1.29032 1.28866 1.28700 1.28535 1.28370 540225 541696 543169 544644 540121 547600 549081 550564 552049 553530 §55025 550516 558009 559504 501001 562500 564001 505504 567009 568516 §70025 571530 573049 574564 570081 577600 579121 580644 582169 583696 585225 586756 588289 589824 591361 592900 594441 595984 597529 599076 600625 602176 603729 605284 606841 381078125 382657176 384240583 385828352 387420489 389017000 390617891 392223168 393832837 395446904 397065375 398655256 400315553 401947272 403593419 405224000 400869021 4085138488 410172407 411530784 413493625 415160936 416832723 418508992 420189749 421875000 4235047 51 425259008 420957777 428601064 43036887 5 432081216 433798093 435519512 437245479 438976000 440711081 4424507 28 444194947 445943744 447697125 449455096 451217663 452984832 4547 56609 456533000 458314011 460099648 461889917 463084824 465484375 467288576 469097 433 470910952 472729139 19 yz 26.9258 26.9444 26.9629 26.981 5 27.0000 27.0185 27.0370 27-0555 27.0740 27.0924 27.1109 27.1293 27-1477 27.1662 27.1846 27.2029 27.2213 27-2397 27.2580 27.2704 27-2947 27.3130 RwKHN NHN NNN HN 20 TABLE 6 (continued). VALUES OF RECIPROCALS, SQUARES, CUBES, AND SQUARE ROOTS OF NATURAL NUMBERS. n x8 n n8 V7 697225 | 582182875 | 28.8964 698896 | 584277056 | 28.9137 700569 | 586376253 | 28.9310 702244 | 588480472 | 28.9482 703921 | 590589719 | 28.9655 705600 | 592704000 | 28.9528 707281 | 594823321 | 29.0000 708964 | 596947688 | 209.0172 710649 | 599077107 | 29.0345 712330 | 601211584 | 29.0517 608400 | 474552000 609961 | 476379541 611524 | 478211768 613089 | 480048687 614656 | 481890304 616225 | 483736625 617796 | 485557656 619369 | 487443403 620944 | 489303872 622521 | 491169069 624100 | 493039000 625681 | 494913671 627264 | 496793088 628849 | 498677257 630430 | 500566154 632025 | 502450875 633616 | 504358336 635209 | 506261573 636804 | 505169592 638401 | 510082399 Linen lentil en | et ait te auehi ema 714025 | 603351125 | 29.0689 715716 | 605495736 | 29.0861 717409 | 607645423 | 29.1033 719104 | 609800192 | 29.1204 720801 | 611960049 | 29.1376 tm aim, ete ates se [niin tienen lon! Bit oh Were: spare 722500 | 614125000 | 29.1548 724201 | 616295051 | 29.1719 725904 | 618470208 | 29.1890 727609 | 620650477 | 29.2062 729316 | 622835864 | 29.2233 ee Loin lenin En} ele See oi emare! 731025 | 625026375 | 29.2404 732730 | 627222016 | 29.2575 734449 | 629422793 | 29.2746 730164 631628712 29.2916 737881 | 633839779 | 29.3087 739600 | 636056000 | 29.3258 |. 741321 | 638277381 | 29.3428 743044 | 640503928 | 29.3508 744769 | 642735647 | 29.3769 746496 | 644972544 | 29.3939 748225 | 647214625 } 29.4109 749956. | 649461896 | 29.4279 751689 | 651714363 | 29.4449 753424 | 653972032 | 29.4618 755101 | 656234909 | 29.4788 756900 | 658503000 | 29.4958 758641 | 660776311 | 29.5127 760384 | 663054848 | 29.5206 762129 | 665338617 | 29.5466 763876 | 667627624 | 29.5635 765625 | 669921875 | 29.5804 767376 | 672221376 | 29.5973 769129 | 674526133 | 29.6142 770884 | 676836152 | 29.6311 772641 | 679151439 | 29.6479 774400 | 681472000 | 29.6648 776161 | 683797841 | 29.6816 777924 | 686128968 | 29.6985 640000 | 512000000 641601 | 513922401 643204 | 515849608 644809 | 517781627 646416 | 519718464 | 28.3549 648025 | 521660125 | 28.3725 649636 | 523606616 | 28.3901 651249 | 525557943 | 28.4077 652864 | 527514112 | 28.4253 654481 | 529475129 | 28.4429 656100 | 531441000 | 28.4605 | 657721 | 533411731 | 28.4781 659344 | 535387328 | 25.4956 660969 | 537367797 | 28.5132 662596 | 539353144 | 28.5307 664225 | 541343375 | 28.5482 665856 | 543335496 | 25.5657 667459 | 545338513 | 28.5832 669124 | 547343432 | 28.6007 670761 | 549353259 | 28.6182 672400 | 551368000 | 28.6356 674041 | 553387661 | 28.6531 675684 | 555412248 | 28.6705 677329 | 557441767 | 28.6880 678976 | 559476224 | 28.7054 680625 | 561515625 | 28.7228 682276 | 563559976 | 28.7402 683929 | 565609283 | 28.7576 2 8 685584 | 567663552 | 28.7750 779689 | 688465387 | 29.7153 687241 | 569722789 | 28.7924 781456 | 690807104 | 29.7321 688900 | 571787000 | 28.8097 2 783225 | 693154125 | 29.7489 690561 | 573856191 | 28.8271 : 784996 | 695506456 | 29.7658 692224 | 575930368 | 28.8444 : 786769 | 697864103 | 29.7825 693889 | 578009537 | 28.8617 -12613 | 788544 | 700227072 | 29.7993 695556 | 580093704 | 28.8791 790321 | 702595369 | 29.8161 SS = tte Cl on ln) I. I, I. I. I. allan Eilon Nile lan! b Tien iien ien | elneieetek4 76) 7 6 a | Ce One Cee lenin in Mian | in len Eon in| ele iin Eien ian | t ee | an | Lo ilen tile iilon len | SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 1000.1 -12360 12233 -12108 11982 -11857 704969000 707347971 7097 32288 712121957 714516954 716917375 719323130 721734273 724150792 726572099 729000000 731432701 733870808 730314327 738763264 741217625 743677416 746142643 74801 3312 751089429 753571000 7 560058031 758550528 761048497 763551944 76606087 5 76857 5296 771095213 77 3020632 770151559 778688000 781229961 783777448 786330467 788889024 791453125 794022776 796597983 7991787 52 8017650389 804357000 806954491 809557 568 812166237 814780504 817400375 820025856 822656953 825293672 827936019 830584000 833237621 areeee 838561807 841232384 TABLE 6 (continued). VALUES OF RECIPROGALS, SQUARES, CUBES, AND SQUARE ROOTS \2 29.8329 29.8496 | 29.8664 29.8831 29.8998 29.9166 29-9333 29.9 500 29.9666 29.9833 30.0000 30.0167 30:0333 30.0500 30.0666 30.0832 30.0998 30.1164 30.1330 30.1496 30.1662 30.1828 39-1993 30.2159 30.2324 30.2490 30.2655 30.2820 30.2985 30.3150 30-3315 30.3480 30-3645 30.3809 30-3974 30.4138 30.4302 30-4467 30.4631 39-4795 30-4959 30.5123 30.5287 30-5450 30.5614 30-5778 30. 504 I 30.610 30.6268 30.6431 30-6594 30.6757 30.6920 30-7083 30.7246 1000.4 1.05820 1.05708 1.05997 1.05455 1053/4 1.05263 1.05152 1.05042 1.04932 1.04822 1.04712 1.04603 1.04493 1.04384 1.0427 5 1.04167 1.04058 1.03950 1.03842 £03794 1.03627 1.03520 1.03413 1.03306 1.03199 1.03093 1.02987 1.02881 1.02775 1.02669 1.02564 1.02459 1.02354 1.02249 1.02145 1.02041 1.01937 1.01833 1.01729 1.01626 1.01523 1.01420 1.01317 I.01215 I.O1I12 I.OIOIO 1.00908 1.00806 1.00705 1.00604 1.00503 1.00402 1.00301 1.00200 1.00100 n2 893025 894916 896809 898704 goo601 902500 904401 906304 908209 gio116 912025 913936 915849 917764 gIgOS1 921600 923521 925444 927369 929296 931225 933156 935059 937024 938961 940900 942841 944784 946729 948676 950625 952576 954529 956484 958441 960400 962361 964324 966289 968256 970225 972196 974169 976144 978121 980100 982081 984064 986049 988036 990025 992016 994009 996004 g9800r ne 843908625 846590536 849278123 851971392 854670349 85737 5000 860085351 862801 408 865523177 865250664 87098387 5 873722816 876467493 879217912 881974079 8847 36000 887503681 890277128 893056347 895841344 898632125 901428696 904231063 907939232 909853209 91267 3000 QI 5498611 918330048 921167317 924010424 926859375 929714176 932574833 935441352 939313739 941192000 944076141 946966168 949862087 952763904 955671625 958585256 961 504803 964430272 967 361669 970299000 973242271 976191488 979146657 982107754 98507487 5 988047936 991026973 994011992 997002999 21 V2 39-7499 30-757! 39-77 34 30-7896 30.8058 30.8221 30.8383 30-5545 30.8707 30.8869 30.9031 30.9192 39-9354 30.9516 30-9677 30-9839 31.0000 31.0161 31.0322 31.0483 31.0644 31.0805 31.0966 31.1127 1288 -1448 1609 1769 -1929 2090 -2250 -2410 .2570 .2730 31.2890 31.3050 31.3209 31.3369 31.3528 31.3088 31.3847 31-4006 31.4166 31-4325 31.4484 31.4643 31.4502 31.4960 31.5119 31.5278 31.5436 31.5505 31.5753 31.5911 31.6070 22 TABLE 7. LOGARITHMS. SMITHSONIAN TABLES, TABLE 7 (continued). 23 LOGARITHMS. SMITHSONIAN TABLES, 24 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 8. LOGARITHMS. NNNWW WWWAL ee NNNNN = NNN N I I I I I tt oe ee St WWWWW WHWWwww AAA LHLA PUM’ AQN © NNNNN NNNNN NNHN NH NNNNN NNNWH WWWWW WWnWWWwW WWwWwAR HPAAAL Ann WN ADAAD NNN OOO WwWWwWW AHAAAAH HAARADHR HUUNUN UUUNHAR DAann NNOWOM WOW FLD HR HRAUNH UKUUUUN DANNAN DAANN™N NT OCOMO TABLE 8 (continued). 25 LOGARITHMS. Lien Mile Min ile! | NNNNN | w < — NNNNN Oe NRKHHNN WWW WwW WWWWW WWWWW Ln ln ln on | RNNNN NdKNHNNN I 2 I 2 I 2 I 2 I 2 No HNN = SS et RHHNN NNNNN NN NWW WWWWW WWWwWW WWWWW WWWWW WHNnwp ph hPHAL ONOL OSE seme NN NNNNN O7zO7Orore et NwNNN NNNHNNN O0NO" OO ee NNN NN RNNNN SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 26 TABLE 9. ANTILOGARITHMS. © 0 0: 0.0 ©: 00101 0 oo00o00°0 | NHwHNH He oo0o0°0 — tt eet NwRNNN oo0000 = et NNNNA NNHNN oo0000 = = = eS NRNNNN NNNNN —mO000d Nee ee NHKHNN ee NNNNN NHNNN Ls ln lon on | NNHKNN FARWWL WWWW Ww WWW Wd WNHNNHN eet NNNNN WWWWood WWwWNHNN SMITHSONIAN TABLES. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 9 (continued). ANTILOGARITHMS. me ein il en Nila lan) te et me I I I z I NNNHNN NKRHNHN NRHN NH mtd NHNNN Nb b&NNN NKRHNN NNN H&S NHHHN WWwWNNN UutbpPpHL FHA L RWW W WWWWW WW WW Od RNHHN WWWWW WWWHW Nd NNN OO ANDNDDND UUUUNw NUnit ALAA L -hALDAHL WWW WW ADNAN DON NNMnUn UNALHPHPA AAA AL PRWOWW WWWWW W090 MO MANOON NnNNNN 27 ANDNDNDA DOmnn Nunn MNPHHPHL AAAAL OO ODO0OmMDH MDHMON NNNINI NI 28 TABLE 10. ANTILOGARITHMS. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 10 (continued), 29 ANTILOGARITHMS. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 30 TABLE 11. CIRCULAR (TRIGONOMETRIC) FUNCTIONS. (Taken from B. O. Peirce’s ‘‘ Short Table of Integrals,” Ginn & Co.) COSINES. TANGENTS. | COTANGENTS. Log. Nat. Log. Nat. Log. «0000 eo 0 ioe) -0000 | .0029 7.4637 | 343-77 2.5303 -0000 | .0058 =.7648 | 171.89 2352 .0000 | .0087 .9409 | 114.59 00591 .0000 | .o116 8.0658 | 85.940 1.9342 :0000 | .0145 .1627| 68.750 .8373 9-9999 | 0175 8.2419 | 57.290 1.7581 9999 | .0204 .3059| 49.104 «6011 +9999 | 0233-3669 | 42.964 —.6331 9999 | 0262 .418r | 38.188 5819 9998 | 0291 .4638 | 34.368 .5362 +9998 | 0320 .5053 | 31-242 4947 9-9997 | 0349 8.5431 | 28.636 1.4569 9997 | 0378 .5779 | 26.432 .4221 ; -9996 | .0407. .O10L | 24.542 .3899 } 0436 : 9996 | 0437. .6401 | 22.904 3599 0465. : 9995 | 0406 .6682] 21.470 .3318 : 0494 : 9995 | 0495 .6945] 20.206 .3055 | 0523 : 9-9994 | 0524 8.7194 | 19.081 1.2806 | | 0552 : ‘9993 | 0553-7429 18.075 +2571 : | Ossi -9993 | 0582 .7652| 17.169 .2348 | -OO10) : 9992 | .0012 .7865] 16.350 .2135 0640 .805 : .999I | .0641 .8067} 15.605 .1933 .0669 : 9990 | .0670 8261} 14.924 .1739| .0698 7 9.9989 | .0699 8.8446 | 14.301 1.1554 (O72 7a : .9989 | 0729 .8624| 13.727 .1376 07/50. 9971 .9988 | .0758 .8795} 13-197 .1205 .0785 .9969 ~=.9987 | .0787. .8960| 12.706 «i040 0814 9967. .9986| .0816 =.g1t8 | 12.251 .0882 0843 .9964 .9985 | .0846 .9272] 11.826 .0728 0872 .9962 9.9983 | .0875 8.9420] I1.430 1.0580] ogok 9959 .9982 | .0904 9563} 11.059 .0437 | 0929.) 9957-9981 | 0934 9701 | 10.712 .0299 -09 58 9954 .9980 | .0963 .9836] 10.38 Seo 64 0957 9951 .9979 | .0992 ~=.9966 10.0738 .0034 -1016 9948 .9977 | .1022 9.0093 9.7882 0.9907 | 1045 9945 9.9976 -IOSI_ 9.0216 9.5144 0.9784 | 1074 9942 .9975| -1080 .0336 9.2553 -9064 | 1103 9939 -9973|-IIIO .0453 9.0098 .9547 | +1132 9936 9972 | 1139 .0567 | 8.7769 .9433 -LI6I .0648 | .9932 .9971 | .1169 0678 8.5555 -9322 -1190 9929 .9969 | .1198 .0786 8.3450 9214 1219 9925 9.9968 | .1228 9.0891 8.1443 0.9109 1248 9922 .9966 | .1257 .0995 7.9530 -QOOo5 1270) 9: 9918 .9964 | .1287 .1096 7:7704 .8904 JUGOGh ne 9914 .9963 | .1317 .1194 7.5958 .8806 1334 . QOII .QQ6I | .1346 «1291 7.4287 -8709 sLQORia ct 9907 .9959 | .1376 «1385 7.2087 .8615 -1392 -9903 9.9958 | .1405 9.1478 | 7.1154 0.8522 T1421 1525] .9899 .9956 | 1435-1569 | 6.9682 8431 -1449) | 9894 .9954 | .1465 .1658 6.8269 .8342 1478, 9890 9952 | 1495-1745 | 6.6912 8255 .1§07 .1781 | .9886 .9950| .1524 «1831 6.5606 .8169 =“b530)) oe .988r .9948 | 1554 «1915 6.4348 8085 1564 .9877 9.9946 | .1584 9.1997 6.3138 0.8003 Nat. Log. Nat. Log. Nat. Log. | Nat. Log. s COTAN- TANGENTS. COSINES. SINES. Gunns SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 0.1571 0.1600 0.1629 0.1658 0.1687 0.1716 0.1745 0.1774 0.1804 0.1833 0.1862 0.1891 0.1920 0.1949 0.1978 0.2007 0.2036 0.2005 0.2094 0.2123 0.2153 0.2182 0.2211 0.2240 0.2269 0.2298 0.2327 0.2350 0.2385 0.2414 0.2443 0.2473 0.2502 0.2531 0.2500 0.2589 0.2618 0.2647 0.2676 0.2705 0.2734 0.2763 0.2793 0.2822 0.2851 0.2880 0.2909 0.2938 0.2967 0.2996 0.3025 0.3054 0.3083 0.3113 0.3142 13°00’ 10 20 30 40 50 14°00’ 10 20 30 40 50 15°00’ 10 20 30 40 50 16°00 10 18°00’ Nat. 1564 1593 1622 -1650 1679 1708 1736 1765 +1794 .1822 1851 -1850 1908 1937 -1965 1994 .2022 2051 2079 e21 .2130 .2164 2193 .2221 2250 2278 .2306 2334 .2303 2391 2419 -2447 .2476 2504 .2532 2500 .2588 .2616 2044 .2672 .2700 2728 -2756 2784 2812 .2840 .2868 2896 -2024 .2952 -2979 -3007 “3035 -3062 -3090 COSINES. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 11 (continued). CIRCULAR (TRIGONOMETRIC) FUNCTIONS. COSINES. Nat. Log. TANGENTS. Nat. Log. Nat. ‘9877 9.9946 9872 .9044 9868 .9942 9863 .9940 9858 .9938 9853-9936 :9848 9.9934 9843 .9931 9838 .9929 9833-9927 9827 .9924 9822 .9922 9816 9.9919 9811 .9917 -9805 .9914 9799-9912 9793-9909 ‘9787 .9907 9781 9.9904 9775-9901 9769 — .9899 9763 .9896 9757-9893 9750 .9890 9744 9.9887 9737-9884 9730 =.9881 9724 .9878 ‘9717 9875 9710 .9872 9.9869 9866 -9863 9859 9856 9853 9.9849 9846 9843 9839 98 36 9832 9.9828 9825 9821 .9817 9814 9810 9.9806 9802 9798 9794 9790 9786 9.9782 SINES. -1584 9.1997 -1614 .2078 1644 .2158 -1673 .2236 -1703 -2313 1733 «2389 1763 9.2463 1793-2530 .1823 .2609 .1853 .2680 -1883 .2750 -IQi4 2819 -1944 9.2887 1974 = 2953 -2004. .3020 2035-3085 2005 = .3149 2095 .3212 2126 9.3275 2156 © .3336 2186. .3307 2217 «3458 2247 = 3517 2278 = .3576 +2309 9.3634 2339 3691 12370 3748 -2401 3804 2432 .3859 “3914 9.3968 4021 407 4 4127 4178 4230 9.4281 -4331 4381 4430 -4479 °4527 9-4575 4622 -4669 -4716 .4762 .4808 9.4853 4898 4943 -4987 5031 5075 3249 9.5118 Nat. 6.3138 0.8003 6.1970 .7922 6.0844 .7842 59758 7764 5.8708 .7687 5-7694 7611 5-6713 0.7537 5.5764 .7464 5.4845 .7301 5.3093 +7250 5.2257 .7I18I 5.0658 .7047 4.9894 .6980 4.9152 .6915 4.8430 .6851 4.7729 .6788 4.7046 0.6725 4.6382 .6664 4.5730 .6603 4.5107 .6542 4.4494 .6483 4.3897 6424 4.3315 0.6366 42747 .6309 4.1653 .6196 4.1126 .6141 4.0108 0.6032 39617-5979 3.9136 .5926 3.8208 5822 3-7760 .5770 3.5656 5521 3-5261 .5473 3-4495 +5378 3-4124 .5331 3.3402 .5238 3.3052 .5192 3-2709 0.5147 3.2371 5102 3.2041 .5057 3.1716 .5013 31397 .4969 3.1084 .4925 Nat. Log. TANGENTS COTANGENTS. 53955 °7320 | 5-1446 0.7113 | 4.2193 .6252 | 4.0611 .6086 | 38667 5873 | 3:7321 0.5719 | 3.6891 5669 | 3.6470 5619 | 3:6059 .5570 3-4874 0.5425 || 3-3759 — -5284 | 3.0777 0.4882 31 32 TABLE 11 (continued). CIRCULAR (TRIGONOMETRIC) FUNCTIONS.. COSINES. TANGENTS. Nat. Nat. Log. COTANGENTS. Nat. Log. .3692 23719 -3746 :3773 -3800 3827 -3854 3881 +3907 73934 3901 -3987 4014 4041 .4067 -4094 .4120 4147 4173-6205 -4200 .6232 4226 9.6259 4253 .6286 4279 = .6313 .4305 .6340 433 .6366 4358 .6392 -4384 9.6418 4410 .6444 -4436 6470 4462 6495 .4488 .6521 -4514 .6546 6177 Nat. Log. COSINES. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 9502 9474 9465 .9761 9455 9-9757 9446 — -9436 © .9748 9426 ‘9417 -9407 93979-9730 9387 9377 9367 -9350 9346 9336 9.9702 ‘9325 9305 9304 9293 9283 9272 9.9672 9261 .9667 .9250 :9239 .9228 9216 9205 9.9640 9194 9182 Q17I = .g624 9159 9147 9135 9.9607 .Q124 .Q1I2 .9100 .go88 9075 9063 9.9573 Q05l .9567 9038 .Q561 .9026 9013 QOOT § .9543 .8988 9.9537 8975 .8962 -8949 8936 8923 -4540 9.6570 | 8910 9.9499 Q51I 9.9782 :9778 9774 97709 9765 9492 9483 -97 52 9743 9739 “97 34 9725 .Q721 9716 O71 9706 -9697 .9692 .9687 .9682 9677 061 .9056 9051 9646 9635 .9629 9618 9613 -9602 9596 9590 9584 9579 9555 9549 ob 3e 9524 9518 .Q512 9505 Nat. Log. SINES. 3249 9.5118 3281 ©. 5161 3314 -3346 13378 «5287 -341I .5329 34439-5379 -3476 3508 3541 -5491 3574 -3007 .5571 3640 9.5611 3073 3706 3739-5727 +3772 3805 5804 -3839 9.5842 3872 .3906 -3939 3973 .4006 -4040 9.6064 -4074 .4108 .4142 4176 .4210 -4245 9.6279 4279 4314 -4348 -4383 4417 6452 4452 9.6486 -4487 4522 4557 6587 4592 .4628 .4663 9.6687 -4699 4734 -4770 .4806 4841 .6850 .4877 9.6882 4913 .4950 .4986 .5022 .7009 +5059 +5095 9.7072 5203 5245 -5411 “5451 *5 900 5050 5089 -5766 -5879 -5917 5954 -5991 .6028 -6100 -6136 .6172 .6208 6243 6314 -6348 6383 .6417 6520 6553 .6620 6654 .6720 .67 52 6785 .6817 .6914 .6946 6977 7040 30777 0.4882 3-047 -4839 SONS 2 ©4797. 2.9887 .4755 2.9600 .4713 2.9319 4671 2.9042 0.4630 2.8770 .4589 2.8502 .4549 2.8239 .4509 2.7980 .4469 2.7725 4429 2.7475 0.4389 2.7228 4350 2.6985 .4311 2.6746 .4273 2.6511 .4234 2.6279 .4196 2.6051 0.4158 2.5826 .4121 2.5605 4083 2.5380 .4046 2.5172 .4009 2.4960 .3972 2.4751 0.3936 ZASAS '-g9c0 2.4342 .3864 2.4142 .3828 23945 +3792 2.3759 =3757 23559. 0:37.21 2.3309 .3686 2.3183 +3052 2.2998 .3617 2.2817 3583 2.2637 354 2.2460 0.3514 2.2286 .3480 2.2113 .3447 2-1943 3413 2.1775 -3380 2.1609 .3346 2.1445 0.3313 2.1283 .3280 2.1123 .3248 2.0965 .3215 2.0809 .3183 2.0655 .3150 2.0503 0.3118 2.0353 +3086 2.0204 .3054 2.0057 .3023 1.9912 .2991 1.9768 .2960 1.9626 0.2928 Nat. Log. COTAN- GENTS. Nat. Log. TANGENTS. _ . ee ee ee el ere en je} ie pina ete ute e) Sau tU eels elec ewe, aM et Askeeit sim ie as Oe aired eke hte 8) TABLE 11 (continued). 33 CIRCULAR (TRIGONOMETRIC) FUNCTIONS. COSINES. TANGENTS. |COTANGENTS. Nat. ° Nat. Log. Nat. Log. 0.4712 4540 9. 8910 9.9499 | . 9.7072 | 1.9626 0.2928 0.4741 4506. 8397 9492 | 5132 .7103| 1.9486 .2897 0.4771 2 4592 8884 .9486 |. -7134 | 1.9347 .2866 0.4800 4017, : 8870 .9479 | .52 7165 | 1.9210 2835 0.4829 4643 =. 8857 -9473 | -52 -7196 | 1.9074 «2804 0.4858 .4669 .6692 | .8843 .9466 | .52 7226 | 1.8940 .2774 0.4887 | 2 4695 9. 8829 9.9459 | - 9.7257 | 1.8807 0.2743 0.4916 “4720; | 8816 .9453 | -53 7287 | 1.8676 .2713 0.4945 -4746 .6763 | 8802 9446 .5392 -7317 | 1.8546 .2683 0.4974 AT72 8788 .9439 | -543 7348 | 1.8418 .2652 0.5003 4797. —. 8774 9432 | - -7378 | 1.8291 .2622 0.5032 4823, . 8760 .9425]|. -7408 | 1.8165 .2592 0.5061 ’ | .4848 9.6856 | .8746 9.9418 | . 9.7438 | 1.8040 0.2562 0.5091 4874. 8732 9411 | 5581 = .7467 | 1.7917 .2533 0.5120 .4899 . 8718 .9404 | .5619 .7497 | 1.7796 .2503 0.5149 4924 - 8704 .9397 | 5058-7526 1.7675 .2474 0.5178 -4950 . 8689 -9390 5696 .7556/ 1.7556 .2444 0.5207 ‘4975 8675 9383 | -5735 -7585| 1-7437 -2415 0.5236 -5000 9. -8660 99375 5774 9.7614 | 1.7321 0.2386 0.5265 ~5025 .7012 | 8646 .9368/ .5812 .7644 | 1.7205 .2356 0.5294 -5050 . 8631 9361 | 5851 .7673,| 1.7090 .2327 0.5323 5075, : 8616 .9353 | -5890 .7701 | 1.6977. .2299 0.5352 .5100 . 8601 .9340 | .5930—-.7730 | 1.6864 2270 0.5351 =5125, 8587 9338 | 5909-7759 | 1.6753 .2241 0.5411 PAG SONLQ: 8572 9.9331 | 6009 9.7788 | 1.6643 0.2212 0.5440 aS) 8557-9323 | 6048 .7816| 1.6534 2184 0.5469 15200) "ie 8542 .9315 | 6088 .7845 | 1.6426 .2155 0.5498 IG2215, | us 8526 .9308 | .6128 = .7873,| 1.6319 = .2127 0.5527 45250. 851 .9300| .6168 .7902 | 1.6212 .2098 0.5550 S275; 8496 .9292 | .6208 .7930| 1.6107 .2070 0.5585 200! | 52909 9. 8480 9.9284 | .6249 9.7958 | 1.6003 0.2042 0.5614 35324) \s 8465 .9276| .6289 .7986| 1.5900 .2014 0.5643 5348 = 8450 .9268 | .6330 8014] 1.5798 .1986 0.5672 SOV Un: 8434 .9260 | .6371 .8042] 1.5697 .1958 0.5701 s5g00 8418 .9252| .6412 .8070| 1.5597. .1930 0.5730 +5422 8403 9244 | 6453 8097 | 1.5497 .1903 0.5760 -5446 9. 8387 9.9236 | .6494 9.8125 | 1.5399 0.1875 A! 0.5789 o | .5471 .7380] .8371 .9228 | .6536 .8153| 1.5301 .1847 0.5818 s5495)) < 8355 -9219 | 6577 .8180 | 1.5204 .1820 0.5847 —5510) 2 8339 .g211 | 6619 .8208| 1.5108 .1792 0.5876 5544 = 8323. -9203| .6661 .82 1.5013 .1765 0.5905 5503 8307. .9194 | .6703__—«.82 1.4919 .1737 0.5934 5592 9. 8290 9.9186 | .6745 9.82 1.4826 0.17 10 0.5963 [OIG : 102741) .Q077 1.6787) |. 1.4733 -1683 0.5992 .5640 . 8258 .9169 | .6830 83 1.4641 .1656 0.6021 .5664 . .S24E), .Q1G0;| “6873 . 1.4550 .1629 0.6050 5688. | 8225. .Q151 | .6916 . 1.4400 1602 0.6080 ag yi2 ie 8208. .9142 | .6959 .8425 | 1.4370 .1575 0.6109 5736 9. 8192 9.9134 | .7002 9.8452 | 1.4281 0.1548 0.6138 57,00 mee 8175 9125 | .7046 .8479 | 1.4193 -1521 0.6167 5793: 8158 .9116|.7089 1.4106 .1494 0.6196 35007, « OLAT, .O1O7,-7133° 1.4019 .1467 0.6225 asoa0) w 8124 .9098|.7177_ . 1.3934 +1441 |: 0.6254 5854. 8107 .9089| .7221 =.8586 | 1.3848 «1414 0.6283 | 36°00’ | .5878 9. 9.9080 | .7265 9.8613 | 1.3764 0.1387 Nat. ; Nat. Log. Nat. Log. Nat. COSINES. Cone TANGENTS. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 34 TABLE 11 (continued). CIRCULAR (TRIGONOMETRIC) FUNCTIONS. COSINES. Nat. Log. TANGENTS. | COTANGENTS. Nat. Log. Nat. Log. 0.6283 ed 0.6312 0.6341 0.6370 0.6400 0.6429 0.6458 0.6487 0.6516 0.6545 0.6574 0.6603 0.6632 0.6661 0.6690 0.6720 0.6749 0.6778 0.6807 | 39°00’ 0.6836 10 0.6865 0.6894 0.6923 0.6952 0.6981 0.7010 0.7039 0.7069 0.7098 0.7127 0.7156 0.7185 0.7214 0.7243 0.7272 0.7301 0.7 330 9.7359 0.7389 0.7418 0.7447 0.7476 0.7505 0.7534 0.7563 0-7 592 0.7621 0.7650 0.7679 0.7709 0.7738 0.7767 | 0.7796 0.7825 8482 9.8495 .8090 8073 8056 8039 8021 8004 7986 -7969 7951 9.9080 +9070 .go6I 9052 -9042 9033 9.9023 -QOl4 +9004 -8995 8985 8975 9.8965 8955 8945 8935 8925 9.8641 8629 8618 8606 8504 8582 9.8569 8557 8545 8532 8520 8507 9.8495 0.1387 -1361 +1334 .1308 1282 1255 0.1229 -1203 -I1176 -II50 1124 -1098 0.1072 -1046 1020 0994 .0968 0942 0.0916 .0890 0865, 0839 0813 .0788 0.0762 .0736 .O711 .068 5 0659 0634 0.0608 0583 0557 00532 .0506 .0481 0.0456 0430 0405 0379 0354 0329 0.0303 .0278 0253 .0228 .0202 .0177 0.01 52 .0126 -OIOI -0076 0051 0025 0.0000 9.8613 8639 .8666 8692 8718 8745 9.8771 8797 8824 .88 50 8876 -8902 1.3764 1.3680 1.3597 1.3514 1.3432 1.3351 1.3270 1.3190 1.3111 1.3032 1.2954 1.2876 9.8928 | 1.2799 8954 | 1.2723 .8980 | 1.2647 -9006 | 1.2572 9032 | 1-2407 9058 | 1.2423 9.9084 | 1.2349 -QI10| 1.2276 9135 | 1.2203 -QIGI | 1.2131 9187 | 1.2059 9212 | 1.1988 9.9238 | 1.1918 .9264 | 1.1847 -9289 | 1.1778 9315] 1.1708 9341 | 1.1640 9306 | 1.1571 9.9392 | 1.1504 9417 9443 .9465 9494 | 9519 9-9544 9579 9595 .9621 -9646 -9671 9.9697 97 22 -9747 9772 .9798 9823 9.9848 -9874 .9899 9924 9949 9975 0.0000 7205 7310 7395 -7400 7445 7499 7536 7591 -7627 -7673 7720 7766 7813 -7860 7907 -7954 .8002 8050 8098 8146 8195 8243 8292 8342 8391 8441 8491 8541 8591 .8642 8693 8744 8796 .8847 8899 8952 9004 9057 -QI1O 9163 .Q217 9271 9325 9380 9435 9490 9545 .Q601 9657 9713 .9770 .9827 .98384 -9942 Pm tated ted soe sighs heehee apecarmerei eles Oo) ats te . 0.7854 | 45°00’ Log. COSINES. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. SINES. Nat. Log. COTAN- GENTS. TABLE 12. 35 CIRCULAR (TRIGONOMETRIC) FUNCTIONS.* SINES. COSINES. TANGENTS. COTANGENTS. Nat. Log. Nat. ; Nat. Log. - Log. RADIANS. DEGREES. 0.00000 — 1.00000 0. —« —« : 0 .01000 = 7.99999 | 0.99995 9. 0.01000 8.00001 : 1.99999 .02000 8.30100 | .99980_ -02000_—.30109 : -69891 03000 = .47706 | .99955 0300I = .47725 32 -52275 03999 -60194 .99920_ . -04002 .6022 .98 -39771 0.04998 8.69879 | 0.99875 9. 0.05004 8.69933 | 19. 1.30067 05996 = -77789 | -99820—.9992 .06007. —.77867 : .22133 .00994 ~=—--84474 09755 A O7OIL = .8 4581 eZ -15419 .0799I_ .90263 | .gg680_—Cli«tx. .08017 — .90402 47 09598 08988 95366 | .99595 — -99824 | .09024 = -95542 | II. -04458 0.09983 8.99928 | 0.99500 9. 0.10033 9.00145 7 0.99855 10978 9.04052 | .99396 -IIO45 = .04315 : 95085 LIQ7I .07814 | .gg28r_ 12058 .08127 : 91873 aF2003") 11272) 5 72947 18644“ _ 27053 4 1.0482 X 10° 5.02044 95402 X 10-5 6.97956 5 2.0898 “ 32011 47851 67989 3.6 4.2507 “ 5-62846 ©:23526; 6.371 54 7 8.8205 “ 94549 W337, _ 05451 8 1.8673 X 108 6.27121 53554 X 10% 7.72879 9 4.0329“ 60562 24796“ 39438 4.0 8.8861 “ 94871 rizsq. 05129 4.1 1.9976 X 107 7.30049 0.50062 X 1077 8.69951 2 4.5809 “ 66095 21829) —<* _ 33995 3 1.0718 X 108 8.03011 93303 X 1078 9.96989 4 2:5503° 40796 39083) 59204 5 | 62297 “ 79447 16052 20553 4.6 1.5476 X 109 9.18967 0.64614 X 107° 10.81033 7 3.9228“ 59357 25494“ __ 40643 8 1.0143 X 1010 10.0061 5 98595 X 10710 11.99385 9 2.6755“ 42741 B7B70 is 57259 5-0 7.2005, 9° 85736 E3000) | 14264 ee oe ts, eae Sy tS eG SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 46 TABLE 20. EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS. T 7 Values of @**and@ * and their logarithms. 7 7 ea i e*. log @4* ee * 1 | 2.1933 0.34109 0.45594 2 4.8105 68219 20788 3 1.0551 X Io 1.02328 94780 X 107} * 4 2.3141 es 36438: 43214 y 5 5.0754 “ *79547 -19703 6 1.1132 X 102 2.04656 0.89833 X 10-2 ai ZcA ATIC mice 35766 40955 “ 8 53549 “ -72875 18674“ 9 1.1745 X 10% 3.0698 5 85144 X 10-8 oO 255760) 15 -41094 38820 =“ 5.6498 “ 3-7 5204 @:17700, +" 1.2392 X Iot 4.09313 80699 X 1074 2°7169\ "86 43422 36794 =“ iK:QOLO), |< °77532 “1677.09 |< 1.3074 X 10° 5.11641 .76487 X 1075 2:80715. 5-45751 0334873 6.54249 6:2893 «5 -79860 isgoor, = _+20140 6.13969 .72495 X 10-8 7.86031 Z:0254 48079 233053 Pia: “51921 6:63.56") 82189 s15070F a 17812 TABLE 21. EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS. Vi Vir Values of @«* and @ * ~ and their logarithms. 0.19244 38488 57733 -76977 96221 1.15465 0.070041 -34709 .044968 53953 028871 -73198 018536 92442 -O11QOI 2.11686 0.0076408 «30930 0049057 -SO174 0031496 .69418 .0020222 88663 0012983 3-07907 0.00083355 4.92093 -27151 -00053517 -72849 00034360 53605 -00022060 34361 0001 4163 -I5117 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLES 22 AND 23. EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS AND LEAST SQUARES. 47 TABLE 22. — Exponential Functions. Value of e* and e~* and their logarithms. log e Cue log é Coe 0.00679 | 0.98450 ||| 1/3 0.14476 | 0.71653 .01357 | .96923 .21715 | .60653 02714 | .93941 || 3/4 32572 | -47237 -04343 | -90454 -43429 | .36788 04825 | .89484 54287 .28650 0.05429 | 0.88250 0.65144 | 0.22313 .06204 | .86688 -76002 | 517377 07238 | .84648 86859 | .13535 .08686 | .81873 97716 .10540 .10857 | .77880 1.08574 | .08208 TABLE 23. — Least Squares. 2 ha = (hax)2 . Values of P aie ie om a(hx). This table gives the value of P, the probability of an observational error having a value posi- : : : sits h tive or negative equal to or less than x when 4% is the measure of precision, P = v: Se ha)2 1 ° d(4x). For values of the inverse function see the table on Diffusion. 103384 -14587 25502 35928 -45089 54046 .62705 -69810 75952 81156 85478 85997 91805 -94002 .9 5686 -96952 97834 .98558 :99035 -99306 99591 99741 -99839 -99902 -99941 -99965 -99980 -99989 99994 99997 1.00000 ° a) a N N .0 oli 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 I ee 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a Taken from a paper by Dr. James Burgess ‘ on the Definite Integral a “* et dt, with Ex- T/ O tended Tables of Values.’ Trans. Roy. Soc. of Edinburgh, vol. xxxix, 1900, p. 257. SMITHSONIAN TABLES, 48 TABLE 24, LEAST SQUARES. This table gives the values of the probability P, as defined in last table, corresponding to different values of x / +r where ¢ is the ‘‘ probable error.’? The probable error 7 is equal to 0.47694 / 4. 02152 207/523 -12860 -18138 23330 -27927 | .28431 -32911 | -33402 +37755 | -38231 -42440 | .42899 -46952 | -47393 51277 | .51699 -55404 | -55806 259325) ||/259705 -63032 | .63301 66521 | .66858 .69791 | .70106 72841 | .73134 75674 | -75045 -782Q1 | .78542 .80700 | .80930 82907 | .S3117 84919 | .85109 86745 | 86917 88395 | 88550 .89879 | .goo1g 91208 | .91332 92392 | -92503 93443 | -93541 94371 | .94458 -95187 | .95263 3 4 97397 | -97817 99627 | .99700 -99966 | -99974 TABLE 25. LEAST SQUARES. Values of the factor 0.6745 aT This factor occurs in the equation e, = o.67454\| 22" for the probable error of a single observation, and other I ? De similar equations. 5 0.6745 0.3894 | 0.3372 | 0.3016 0:2133 |) :2029)\| - 1870 jl) 1803) |, 1742 e1GOOm, sLAZ2 ail. .1406 | .1377 |] -1349 1231) |}, -L20EA||s 2 STL7ZA LUG Zale 140 -1066 | .1053| . -1029 | .I0I7 | .1005 0.0954 | 0.0944 0.0926 | 0.0918 | 0.0909 -0871 -0864 .0850 | .0843 | .0837 .0806 | .o800 .0789 | .0784 | .0778 0754 | .0749 .0740 | .0736] .0731 .O7II | .0707 .0699 | .0696 | .0692 SMITHSONIAN T ABLES. TABLE 26. oh 49 LEAST SQUARES. Values of the factor 0. e753 5 n(n—1) This factor occurs in the equation e,, = 0.6745 = ac for the probable error of the arithmetic mean. 1) 0.07 II .03.46 0.0229 .OI71 .01 36 TABLE 27. LEAST SQUARES. Values of the factor 0. s45ay/— 2 2 n(n—1) : = This factor occurs in the equation ¢, = 0.8453 Vas mat =i) for the probable error of a single observation. 0.3451 | 0. 0.1890 | o. ; 0.1130 .0677 | .062 20583) ||| 25 : 0483 0412] . 20370) | SO3415) | enOZB2h |r. 0307 0.0277 | 0. 0.0260 | o. 0.0245 | 0.023 : 0.0225 .0209 | .02 019g | . 0190 | .o18 2 0178 01077 || |< O161 | . O155° || -- : -O147 TABLE 28. LEAST SQUARES. 1 Values of 0.8463 Vi This table gives the average error of the arithmetic mean when the probable error is one. 0.4227 | O. ar22 ; , 0.0493 0.0282 | 0.0243 | .0212 | .o18 : ; : 0124 .0097 | .0090 | .0084] . : 4 . Roreley 0.0052 | 0.0050 | 0.0047 | ©. : : ; 0.0038 0034 | .0033| .0o31 | . .002 .002 : .0027 0024 | .0023 | .0023] . : .002 ; 0020 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 50 DIFFUSION. Inverse* values of v/e =1— x, log « = log (27) +log,/&z. ¢ expressed in seconds. = log 6+ logy/4¢. ¢ expressed in days. = log y + log/&t. «“ | &=coefficient of diffusion.t ¢ = initial concentration. TABLE 29. | Ie dg. | | “ years. v= concentration at distance x, time ¢. log 2g +00 0.56143 “51719 -48699 -46306 0.44276 42486 40865 +3937 2 -37979 0.36664 35414 34218 33067 31954 0.30874 29821 -28793 -27786 26798 0.25825 .24866 23919 22983 22055 0.21134 -20220 19312 .18407 -17505 0.16606 15708 -14810 13912 13014 0.12114 L121 10305 .09396 .08482 0.07 563 .06639 05708 04770 .03824 0.02870 01907 -009 34 9-99951 -989 56 0.50 | 9.97949 27, + 0 3.6428 3.2900 3.0690 2.9044 2.7718 2.6598 2.5024 2.4758 2.3977 2.3262 2.2602 2.1988 2.1413 2.0871 2.0358 1.9871 1.9406 1.8961 1.8534 1.8124 1.7728 1.7346 1.6976 1.6617 1.6268 1.5939 1.5600 1.5278 1.4964 1.4657 1.4357 1.4064 1.3776 1.3494 1.3217 1.2945 1.2678 1.2415 1.2157 1.1902 1.1652 1.1405 1.1161 1.0920 1.0683 1.0449 1.0217 0.99886 0.97624 0.95387 log 6 +0 3.02970 2.98545 95525 93132 2.91102 89311 87691 86198 84804 2.83490 82240 81044 -79893 -78780 2.77699 -76647 75619 -74612 -7 3624 2.72651 -7 1692 79745 .69808 68880 2.67960 -67046 -66137 65232 64331 2.63431 2.58939 58037 GUST .50222 -55308 2.54389 +53464 52533 51595 -50050 2.49696 -48733 -47760 -46776 -45782 2.44775 6 +00 1070.78 967.04 902.90 853-73 814.74 781.83 753-20 727-75 704.76 683.75 664.36 646.31 629.40 613.47 598.40 584.08 570.41 557-34 544.50 532-73 521.10 509.86 498.98 488.43 478.19 468.23 458.53 449.08 439.85 430.84 422.02 413-39 404-93 396.64 388.50 380. 51 372.06 364.93 357:34 349.86 342-49 335.22 328.06 320-99 314.02 3097-13 300.33 293-60 286.96 280.38 log y ao 4.31098 .26674 23654 21201 4.19231 17440 -15820 -14327 -12933 4.11619 -10369 09173 .08022 -06909 4.05828 .04776 .03748 02741 01753 4.00780 3.99821 -98874 97937 97010 3.96089 95175 .94266 93361 .92460 3-91 560 .go062 89765 88867 87969 3.87068 86166 85260 84351 83437 3.82518 81593 80662 79724 -78779 3-77825 -70862 -75889 74905 73911 3-72904 * Kelvin, Mathematical and Physical Papers, vol. III. p. 428 ; Becker, Am. Jour. of Sci. vol. III. 1897, p. 280. + For direct values see table 23. Taken from unpublished manuscript of C. E. Van Orstrand. SMITHSONIAN TABLES, TABLE 29 (continued), 51 DIFFUSION. log 2¢ 29 log § log y 9.97949 | 0-95387 || 2.44775 3-7 2904 -96929 | .93174 || -43755 -71884 -95896 | .90983 || .42722 .70851 .94848 | .88813 -41674 -69803 -93784 | .86665 .40610 -68739 9.92704 | 0.84536 || 2.39530 3:67659 -91607 | .82426 |} .38432 .66561 -90490 | 80335 |] .37316 65445 89354 | -78260 || .36180 -64309 88197 | -76203 35023 63152 9.87018 | 0.74161 |} 2.33843 3.61973 85815 | .72135 32640 -60770 84587 | .70124 31412 59541 83332 | -68126 || .30157 58286 82048 | .66143 .28874 57003 9.80734 | 0.64172 || 2.27560 3.55689 79388 | .62213 26214 54343 -78008 | .60266 || .24833 52962 -76590 | -58331 || -23416 “51545 75133 | -56407 -21959 50088 9.73634 | 0-54493 || 2.20459 3-48588 72089 | .52588 sISQI5 -47044 70495 | 50694 || -17321 -45450 68849 | .48808 15675 43804 67146 | .46931 13972 42101 9.65381 | 0.45062 || 2.12207 3.40336 63550 | -43202 || .10376 -38505 -61646 | .41348 .08471 30600 59662 | .39502 || .06487 .34616 -57590 | 37062 |} .04416 -32545 9.55423 | 0-35829 |] 2.02249 3.30378 53150 | -34001 |} 1.99975 .28104 50758 | .32180 || .97584 25713 -48235 | .30363 || .95061 23190 45504 | -28552 || -92389 20518 9.42725 | 0.26745 || 1.89551 3.17680 39695 | .24943 86521 14650 30445 | -23145 83271 -I1400 -32940 | .21350 || -79766 .07895 -29135 | -19559 || -75961 3:04090 9.24972 | 0.17771 || 1.71797 2 2.99926 -20374 | .15986 || .67200 95329 15239 | -14203 || .62065 -QOI94 09423 | .12423 50249 84378 9.02714 | .10645 || -49539 -77068 8.94783 | 0.08868 || 1.41609 2.697 38 85082 | .07093 || -31907 .60036 -72580 | .05319 || .19406 47535 -54905 | -03545 01791 29920 -24859 | .01773 || 9.71634 1.99813 OP 0.00000 —o SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 52 TABLE 3O. CAMMA FUNCTION.* eo Value of log ji e-*a2" dx +10. 0 Co Values of the logarithms + 10 of the “‘ Second Eulerian Integral’? (Gamma tancon) e—*x%—ldx or log I'(7)-+10 for values of x between 1 and 2, When x has values not lying between 1 and 2 the value of the function can be | readily calculated from the equation I(z+1) = I(x) = n(w—1) . . « (u—7)I(u—7). 9.99 —— | 97497 75287 | 72855 51279 | 48916 27964 | 25671 05334 | 03108 9-9883379 81220 62089 | 59996 41469 | 39428 21469 | 19506 02123 | 00223 9.9783407 | 81570 65313 | 63538 47834 | 46120 30962 | 29308 14689 | 13094 9.9699007 | 97471 83910 | 82432 69390 | 67969 55440 | 54076 42054 | 40746 ooeorz5 27973 16946 | 15748 05212 | 04068 §94015 | 92925 83350 | 82313 9.9573211 | 72226 63592 | 62658 54487 | 53604 45591 | 45059 37798 | 37016 9-9530203 | 29470 23100 | 22417 16485 | 15850 10353 | 09766 04698 | 04158 99499. 99023 94500 | 94355 90549 | 90149 86756 | 86402 83417 | 83108 9.9480528 | 80263 78084 | 77864 76081 | 75905 74515 | 74382 73382 | 73292 * Quoted from Carr's “Synopsis of Mathematics,” and is there quoted from Legendre’s “ Exercises de Calcul Intégral,’’ tome ii. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 0 9-947 2677 72397 72539 73997 74008 9-947 5449 77237 79426 s70t5 8499 9.9488374 92139 96289 500822 05733 9.9511020 16680 22710 29107 35867 9. 9542089 50468 55303 66491 75028 9.9583912 93141 602712 12622 22869 9-9633451 44304 55 67176 79070 9.9691 287 703823 16678 29848 43331 9-97 57126 71230 85640 800356 15374 9.9830693 40311 62226 78436 94938 9.99117 32 28815 40185 63840 81779 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 30 (continued). CAMMA FUNCTION. 72514 72404 72742 73436 74572 76116 78064 80414 83161 86302 89834 937 53 98056 02741 07803 13240 19048 31767 3867 3 45938 53560 61536 69564 78540 87536 96929 06636 16681 27062 37776 48821 60195 71895 83195 96263 08927 21908 35204 48812 62730 76957 91490 06327 21466 36905 52642 6867 5 72459 72432 72524 73630 74848 76473 78502 80932 83758 86977 90587 94553 98963 03723 08860 14372 20254 26504 33120 40097 47434 55127 63174 71571 80317 89409 98843 08618 18730 29178 39959 51070 62509 74274 $6361 98770 11498 24542 37900 51571 65551 79839 94433 09331 24530 40028 55825 71917 88302 1) Se 21947 39202 56744 74570 92678 53 54 TABLE 31. ZONAL HARMONICS.* The values of the first seven zonal harmonics are here given for every degree between @ = 0° and @ = go®, 0.9991 -9963 9918 -98.54 9773 -9674 9557 9423 9273 .Q106 8923 8724 851 8283 8042 7787 7519 7240 6950 -6649 6338 .6019 5692 5357 -5016 .4670 4319 3964 3007 3248 -2887 2527 .2167 .1809 +1454 1102 :0755 .0413 .0077 —.0252 ==3O574 —.0587 —.1I19I —.1485 —.1768 * Calculated by Prof. Perry (Phil. Mag. Dec. 1891). See also A. Gray, ‘‘ Absolute Measurements in Electricity and Magnetism,” vol. ii., part 2 = = SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 31 (continued). 55 ZONAL HARMONICS. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 56 4 M F A Table of values of log ro for facilitating the calculation of the mutual inductance M of tw 47Vaa radii a, a’, at distance apart 6. The table is calculated for intervals of 6/ in the value of cos—1 { TasBLe 32. MUTUAL INDUCTANCE.* from 60° to 90°. 60° |1.4994783] 5022651| 5050505 61 62 63 64 5272883} 5300628] 5328361 5549864] 5577 510/ 5005147 582597 3| 5853546 5881113 6101472/6128998|61 56522 65° |1.6376629|64041 37 |6431645 66 67 68 69 71 66517 32|6679250|6706772 6927081 |6954642|6982209 7203003}7 230640/7258286 7479848}7 507 597 |7 535361 1-77 58000|7785903|781 3823 8037882/8065983/8094107 8319967 |8348316)/8376693 860478 5/8633440|8662129 8892943/8921969|8951036 1.918 5141921461 3/9244135 9482196|9512205/9542272 978 5079/981 5731 |98464 54 0.0094959|01 2638 5/01 57896 041 327 3/0445633)0478098 0.0741816]077 5316|0808944 1082893] 1117799|11 52863 1439539|1476207|1 513075 1815§890]185481 5|1894001 2217823) 22597 28|2301983 0.26541 52/27001 56|2746655 3139097] 3191092) 3243843 36981 §3)37 59777| 3822700 438 5420] 4465341 | 4548064 5360007 | 5490969] 5632886] 5788406) 5961 320|61 57370 M Values of log DEN 5078345] 5106173} 5133989 5356084] 5383796] 5411498 5632776] 5660398] 5638011 §90867 5} 5936231) 5963782 6184042|621 1 560]6239076 64591 53/6486660]6514169 6734296|6761824]6789356 7009782|7037 362]7064949 72859421731 3609]7 341287 75631 38|7 590929}7618735 7841762|78697 20}7897696 8122253|8150423|8178617 8405099/8433534]8461998 86908 52|871961 148748406 89801 44|900929 519038459 927 3797 |9303330193 33905 957 2400/9602 590]9632841 9877249/99081 18]9939062 0189494/0221181]0252959 0510668 0543347 [05761 36 0842702|0876592]0910619 1188089] 1223481]1259043 15501 49/1 587434]1624935 1933455] 1973184] 201 3197 2344600] 2387 591]2430970 2793670) 2841 221} 2889329 3297 387| 3351762) 3407012 3887006) 3952792] 4020162 4633880] 4723127]4816206 36’ 42’ 43’ 0 coaxial circles of (a—a!)? + 8 \4 (anal B 54’ 5161791! 5189582) 5217361| 5245128 5439190 5715018 5991322 6266589 6541678 6816891 7092544 7368975 7646556 7925692 8206836 8490493 8777237 9067728 9362733 9663157 9970082 0284830 0609037 0944784 1294778 1662658 2053502 2474748 2938018 3463184 4089234 4913595 546687 2| 5494545 5743217| 5770809 6018871|6046408 6294101|6321612 6569189]6596701 6844431)/6871976 7120146|7147756 739667 57424387 7674392|7702245 7953709|7981745 82350808263 349 8519018|8 547575 8806106883 5013 909701 2|9126341 9392515 9693537 OOOIISI 0316794 0642054 9422352 9723983 0032359 0348855 067 5187 0979091 | 1013542 1330691 |1 366786 1700609] 1738794 2094108] 2135026 2518940|2563561 2987 312| 3037238 3520327|3578495 41601 38|4233022 501 5870|5123738 6385907 5522209 5798304 6073942 6349121 6624215 6899526 7175375 7452111 7730114 8009803 8291645 8576164 8863958 9155717 9452246 97 54497 0063618 0381014 0708441 1048142 1403067 1777219 2176259 2608626 3087823 3637749 4308053 5238079 6663883) 7027765 7586941 * Quoted from Gray’s ‘‘ Absolute Measurements in Electricity and Magnetism,” vol. ii., p. 852. SMITHSONIAN TABLES, TABLE 3S. ELLIPTIC INTECRALS. Values of if 7(1—sin?9sin?¢)t? aé, 0 57 This table gives the values of the integrals between o and 7/2 of the function (1—sin26sin2¢)** a for different val- ues of the modulus corresponding to each degree of @ between o and go. T ie 2 1—sin2@sin%)*ap 0 0.196120 196153 196252 196418 196649 0.196947 197312 197743 198241 198806 0.199438 200137 200904 201740 202643 203615 204657 205768 206948 208200 .209522 210916 212382 213921 215533 0.217219 218981 220818 222732 224723 0.226793 228943 231173 233485 235880 0.238359 240923 243575 246315 249146 0.252068 255085 250197 261406 264716 0.268127 T T ?(1—sin%@sin2) dp f 2 9 0 0.196120 196087 195988 195822 195591 195293 194930 194500 194004 193442 0.192815 192121 I9I 362 190537 189646 0.188690 187668 186581 185428 184210 0.182928 181580 180168 178691 177150 0.175545 173876 172144 170348 168489 0.166567 164583 162537 160429 158261 0.156031 53142 151393 148985 146519 0.143995 141414 138778 130086 133340 0.130541 Se ee (1—sin?@ sin? ¢)3 0.268127 271644 275267 279001 282848 .2868 11 290805 295101 299435 393901 308504 313247 315138 323182 325384 0.333753 339295 345020 350936 357953 0.363384 369940 376730 383787 391112 0.398730 400665 414943 423596 432660 0.442176 452196 462782 474008 455967 0.498777 512591 527613 544120 562514 0.583396 607751 637355 676027 735192 o 0.130541 127690 124788 121836 118836 0.115790 112698 109563 106386 103169 0.099915 096626 093303 089950 086569 0.083164 079738 076293 072834 069364 0.065889 062412 055937 055472 052020 0.048589 045183 o41812 038481 035200 0.031976 028819 025740 022749 019858 0.017081 014432 O11927 009584 007422 0.005465 003749 002278 OOII2I1 000326 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 58 TABLE 34. MOMENTS OF INERTIA, RADII OF GYRATION, AND WEIGHTS. In each case the axis is supposed to traverse the centre of gravity of the body. The axis is one of symmetry. The mass of a unit of volume is w, Sphere of radius + Spheroid of revolution, po- lar axis 2a, equatorial di- ameter 27 Ellipsoid, axes 2a, 24, 2c Spherical shell, external ra- dius 7, internal 7” Ditto, insensibly thin, ra- dius ”, thickness dr Circular cylinder, length za, radius r Elliptic cylinder, length 2a, transverse axes 26, 2¢ Hollow circular cylinder, length 2a, external ra- dius 7, internal 7 Ditto, insensibly thin, thick- ness ar Circular cylinder, length 2a, radius 7 Elliptic cylinder, length 2a, transverse axes 2a, 26 Hollow circular cylinder, length 2a, external ra- dius 7”, internal 7” Ditto, insensibly thin, thick- ness dr Rectangular prism, dimen- sions 2a, 24, 2c Rhombic prism, length 2a, diagonals 24, 2¢ Ditto SMITHSONIAN TABLES, Diameter Polar axis Axis 2a Diameter Diameter Longitudinal axis 2a Longitudinal axis 2a Longitudinal axis 2a Longitudinal axis 2a Transverse diameter Transverse axis 20 Transverse diameter Transverse diameter Axis 2a Axis 2a Diagonal 24 Amwale 3 4nzw(73—r'8) 3 4nwredr 2mrwar2 2mwabe 2mwa (72—r!2) 4nwardr anwar? 2mwabe 2mrwa(7r2—r!2) | 4rwardr Swabe 4wabe Awabe (Taken from Rankine.) Moment of Inertia Io. x0 4nwabc(b2-+-c2 ) eS) 8272 (7r5—r’5) T5 8rw4dr 3 mwart mwabc(b2+-c2) 2 mwa(A—r'4) 4nrwartdr mwar?(372-+ 4a?) 6 mwabc(3c?-+-4a?) 6 rwa ; 3(4—7'h) +-4a2(r2—r2) reva{2r8-4 a7) dr Swabe(b?-+-c?) 3 2wabe(b?+-c?) 3 2wabe(c?+-2a?) 3 Square of Ra- dius of Gyra- B42 5 2(75—r'5) prt 7/2 Diameter in lunches. 0.500 404 0.432 -400 1372 348 324 0.300 .276 .252 .232 .212 0.192 .176 160 144 128 0.116 104 .092 080 .072 0.064 .056 .048 .040 .036 0.032 .028 024 022 -020 0.0180 -O164 .0148 .0136 0124 0.0116 .0108 .O100 0092 .0084 0.0076 .0068 -0060 .0052 .0048 0.0044 .0040 .0036 .0032 .0028 0.0024 .0020 .OO16 -OOI2 .OOIO Section in Sq. Inches. 0.1963 1691 0.1466 E27, -1087 .0951 0825 0.07069 05983 .04988 .0422 03530 0.02895 02433 02010 01629 .01287 0.010568 008495 .00664: 005027 .00407 I 0.003217 002463 .OOI8IO O01 257 .OO1018 0.000804 2 .0006158 .0004 524 .000380I 0003142 0.0002 545 .0002T12 .0001728 0001453 -0001 208 0.00010568 00009161 .000078 54 .00006648 .0000 55,42 0.00004 536 00003632 .00002827 .00002124 -00001810 0.00001 521 .00001 257 .OOOOIO18 .00000804 .00000616 0.000004 52 ,0000031 4 .00000201 .O0000I 13 .00000079 SMITHSONIAN TABLEs. Diameter in Centi- metres. 1.2700 1786 1.0973 .0160 0.9449 8839 .8230 0.7620 -7010 .6401 -5893 5335 0.4877 4479 -4064 3658 3251 0.2946 .2042 2337 4 .2032 .1829 0.16256 14224 12192 .I0160 09144 0.08128 .O7112 .06096 05538 .05080 0.04572 .04166 :03759 03454 .031 50 0.02946 £02743 .02540 .02337 .02134 0.01930 .01727 01524 .O1 321 01219 0.01118 -O1016 .0OQI 4 00813 00711 0.00610 00508 .00406 .00305 00254 TABLES 35-36. BRITISH GAUGE NUMBERS AND SIZES OF WIRES. For Brown & Sharp American Gauge and Electrical Constants see Tables 40 and 4r. TABLE 35.— British Standard Wire Gauge. Section in Sq. Cms. 1.267 O91 0.9456 8107 7012 6136 -5319 0.4560 3558 23218 2727 2277 0.18679 .15696 -12973 10507 08302 0.06818 05480 04289 03243 .02627 0.020755 .01 5890 -O11675 .008107 .006567 0.005189 -003973 002922 002452 .002027 0.0016417 .001 3628 .OOIT099 .0009363 .000779I 0.00068 18 0005910 .0005067 0004289 0003575 0.0002927 0002343 .0001824 .0001 370 .0001 167 0,0000982 .oooo8 11 .0000656 .0000519 .0000397 0.0000292 0000203 00001 29 .000007 3 0000051 59 TABLE 36.— Birmingham Wire Gauge. Gauge Number. ° CON HM UpwWdE 0888 Diameter in Inches. .009 .008 .007 .005 0.004 Sections in Sq. Inches. 0.16188 .14186 11341 :09079 0.07069 06335 05269 04449 03801 0.03237 0254 0213 .01720 .O1410 0.011310 .009331 .007088 005411 .00407 2 0.0033183 .0026421 .0018857 0013854 .0009621 0.0008042 .00061 58 .0004909 .0003801 .00031 42 0.000254 5 .000201 I 0001 539 0001 327 .OOO1 181 0.000078 54. 00006362 .0000 5027 .00003848 .00001963 0.00001 257 Diameter in Centi- metres. 1.1532 0795 0.9652 8636 0.7620 7214 -6579 6045 5508 0.5156 -4572 4191 -3759 *3494 0.3048 -2769 +2413 -2108 1829 0.16510 -14732 .12446 10668 .08890 0.08128 .O7 112 06350 .05598 05080 0.04572 .04064 -03556 .03302 03048 0.02540 .02286 02032 01778 .01270 Section in Sq. Cms. 1.0444 .Q152 7317 5058 0.4560 -4087 3399 .2870 2452 0.20881 16417 13795 .11099 .09098 0.07297 .06160 04573 03491 .02627 0.021409 .017046 012166 .008938 .006207 0.005189 -003973 003167 002452 .002027 0.0016417 0.01016] 0,0000811 60 This table gives the cross section and weights in British units of copper, iron, and brass wires of the diameters given in the first column. For one tenth the diameter divide section and weights by 100. For ten times the TABLE 37. BRITISH UNITS. Cross sections and weights of wires. diameter multiply by 100, and so on. Area of 2 4 cross gis | section ae in Pounds A Sq. Mils. | per Foot. 10 78.54 | .000303 II 95-03 0367 12:|, 113310 0436 13) lye 32.7.8 O5I2 Toon 0594 15 | 176.71 | .c00682 16] 201.06 0776 17 | 226.98 0876 18 254.47 0952 19 | 253.53] 1094 20 | 314.16 | .co1212 21 | 346.36 1336 22| 380.13 1467 23| 415.48 1603 24} 452.39] 1746 25 | 490.87 | .cor894 26] 530.93 2046 2 572-50 2209 28 | 615.75 2376 29 | 660.52 2549 30 | 706.86 | .002727 ST 75477 202 2| 804.25 3103 33 | 855-30] 3300 34 | 907-92 3503 35 | 962.11 | .003712 36 | 1017.88 3927 37 | 1075.21 4149 38 | 1134.11 4376 39 | 1194.59] 4609 40 | 1256.64 | .004849 41 | 1320.25 5094 2 | 1385-44] 5346 43 | 1452.20 5003 44 | 1520.53 5867 45 | 1590.43 | .006137 46 | 1661.90 6412 47 | 1734-94] 6694 48 | 1809.56 6982 49 | 1885.74] 7276 50 | 1963.50 | .007576 51 | 2042.82 7982 52 | 2123.72 8194 53 | 2206.18 8512 54 | 2290.22 8537 2375-83 | .009167 GMITHSONIAN TABLES. Copper — Density 8.90. Log. 4.48150 56429 63986 79939 7737 4.83368 85974 -94240 _-99205 3-03902 3.08357 12594 16034 -20496 -24192 3-27738 31146 -34423 37583 -40030 3.43575 -40424 49181 51854 -54446 3.56964 59412 61791 64108 66364 3-68 563 -70709 .7 2801 74845 70842 3-78793 80703 82569 84399 86189 3:87945 89664 O1352 93005 94630 3.9622 Iron — Density 7.80. Brass — Density 8.56. Pounds per Foot. Feet per Pound. Log. 3300. | .0002656 | 4.42420 2727. 03214 -50697 2201. 03825] -53257 1953. 04488 | .65208 1683. 05206] .71646 1467. } .0005976 | 4.77637 1289. 06799] .83244 1142. 07675} .83510 1018. 08605} .93475 QI4. 09588 | .98171 825.1 ].001062 | 3.02626 748.3 1171 06864 681.8 1286 10904 623.8 1405 14766 572-9 | 1530 | -18463 528.0 | .001660 | 3.22008 488.1 1795 | -25415 452.6 1930 | .28693 420.9 2082 31852 392-4 2234 | -34900 366.7 | .002390 | 3.37845 343-4 | 2552 | 40693 22.2 2720 | .43450 303.0 2892 | .40123 285.4 3070 | .48716 269.4 |.003253 | 3-51233 254-6} 3442 | -53691 241.0 3636 | .50061 228.5 3844 | .58476 216.9 4040 | .60633 206.2 | .004249 | 3.62833 196.3} 4465 | .64977 187.1 4685 | .67070 178.5 4911 | .69114 170.4 5142 | .7IIII 162.9 | .005378 | 3-73063 155-9] 5620 | .74972 149.4 5867 | .76840 143.2 6119 78669 137-4] 6377 | -80459 132.0 | .006640 | 3.82214 126.9 6908 83934 122.0 7181 85621 117.5] 7460 | .87275 113-2 | 7744 | -88899 109.1 | .008034 | 3.90493 002623 2801 2985 3174 3369 003570 3777 3990 4218 4433 -004664 4900 SI4I 5389 5643 005902 6167 6438 6715 6998 .007 287 7581 7381 8187 8499 .008817 Pound F Ber Foot Log. Pounds 0002915 | 4.46458 3431. 03527} 54735 | 2836. 04197 | 62295 | 2383. 04926| 69246 | 2030. 05713} 75084] 1750. 0006558 | 4.81675 | 1525. 07461 | .87282] 1340. 08423] .92548 | 1187. 09443 | _-97513 | 1059. .0010522 | 3.02209] 950. 001166 | 3.06664] 857.7 1285 | .10902] 778.0 I4II | .14942] 708.9 1542 | .18804] 648.6 1679 | .22500} 595.7 001822 | 3.26046] 549.0 1970 | -20453| 597-5 2125 | .32731 470.0 2285 | .35890| 437.6 2451 | .38938| 408.0 3.41882 “44731 -47458 -5SO16l 52754 381.2 357-0 335-1 315.1 290.8 280.1 264.7 250.6 23750 225.6 3°55271 57719 -60098 62514 -64671 3.66871 6901 5 -71108 73152 75149 214.4 204.1 194.5 185.6 1772 3-77101 | 169.4 -79010| 162.1 80878 | 155.3 82706] 148.9 84497 | 142.9 3.86252] 137.2 .87972| 131.9 89659| 126.9 O1313)| 122.0 92937 | 117-7 3-94531| 113-4 | | TABLE 37 (continued). 61 BRITISH UNITS. Cross sections and weights of wires. Area of Copper — Density 8.90. Iron — Density 7.80, Brass — Density 8.56. cross section Feet per} Pounds Feet per in Sq. Mils. ‘oot. 8: : : Log. Pound. | per Foot. Log. Pound. 2375.83 |. 3.96223 ; .00803 4 124.5 | .008817 | 3.94531 | 113.4 2463.01 .97789 : ee 120.1 09140 | .g6096 | 109.4 2551.76 -99325 | IOI. 08629 115.9 09470 | .97633 | 105.6 2642.08 2.00837 : 08934 9 6] 11.9 09805 | .99144} 102.0 2733-97 02320 : 09245 | - 108.2 10146 | 2.00629} 98.6 2827.43 |. 2.03782| OI. .00956 104.59 | 01049 | 2.02088} 95.30 2922.47 2 05216 : 0988 IOI.19 1085 03524] 92.21 3019.07 .00628 : 1021 97-95 1120 .04936| 89.25 3117.25 2 08019 5 1054 94.87 1157 .06326| 86.45 3216.99 2 .09386 : 1088 -03 91.83 1194 07694} 83.77 3318.31 | .012 2.10732 : O1I22 | 2. 89.12 | .01231 | 2.09041 | 81.21 3421.19 2 .12061 : 1157 : 86.44 1270 -10367| 78.76 3525-05 -13367 : 1192 2 $3.88 1308 -11673| 76.43 3031.68 14055 : 1228 : 2) 81.42 1348 -12960| 74.20 3739-28 15924 : 1264 : 79.09 1388 -14228| 72.06 3848.45 |. 2.17174 : 01302" '|\2. 76.82 | .01429 | 2.15489] 70.00 3959-19 28 | .18404| 65. 1339 12 74.69 1469 .10710| 68.06 4071.50 19618 ; 1377 13887 | 72.63 ISit 17925] 66.19 4185.39 20817 i 1415 : 70.66 1553 -19123| 64.38 4300.84 -22000 1454 | .162 68.76 15960 | .203 62.66 4417.86 |. 2.23165 ‘ 01494 | 2. 2| 66.95 | .01639 | 2. 61.01 4530-46 24317 S13 1534 : 65.19 1684 : 59-40 4656.63 25453 4 1575 : 63-50 1728 : 57-87 4778.36 -20574 eo 1616 .20839| 61.89 1773 4 56.39 4901.67 2) -27681"].) 52:3 1658 .2 60.33 1819 : 4] 54-99 5026.55 |. 2.28769 : 01700 | 2.23 58.83 | 01865 | 2.2 53-61 5153-00 5 29848 52 1743 “2 57-39 Igi2 .28 52-29 5281.02 | 203 .30914 ; 1786 | .25 56.00 1960 -29221| 51.03 5410.61 | 2 31906 : 1830 262 54-66 2008 30274] 49.80 5541-77 .33006 : 1874 | . 53-36 | 2057 -31314| 48.63 5674.50 | .o2 2.34034] 45. -OI9QI9 a2 52.11 | .02106 | 2.32342| 47.49 5808.50 | 22 -35050| 44.62 1964 -29320|] 50.91 2156 -33358| 46.39 5044.68 2 «360054 ; 2010 : 49.75 2206 -34362| 45-33 6082.12 37047 : 2057 ; 48.62 2257 -35355| 44-30 6221.14] 2 38028 A 2104 eS 47-54 2309 30330] 43-31 6361.73 | .02 .38999 02151 -33269| 46.49 | .02360 37297 | 42-37 6503-88 | 2 39958 ; 2199 a2 45-47 2414 .38266| 41.43 6647.61 .40908 : 2248 : 8| 44.49 2467 -39216| 40.54 6792.91 2 -41847 : 2297 ‘ 43-54 2521 -401 54 39-67 6939-78 | 2 42775 j 2347 “3 42.61 2575 -41084]| 38.83 7088.22 |. 2.436094 E 192307; ||'2: 41.72 | .02630 | 2.42003} 38.02 7238.23 -44604 : 2448 38874 | 40.86 2086 -42912| 37.23 7389.81 +45504 2499 3 40.02 2742 |. .43812] 36.46 7542.96 | 2 46395 2551 | .40665| 39.20] 2799 | -44703) 35-72 7697-69} 2 47277 2003 | - 38-42 | 2857 | -45585] 35.01 100} 7853.98 |. 2.48150 i .02656 | 2.42420| 37.65 | .o2915 | 2.46458] 34.31 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 62 TABLE 38. METRIC UNITS. Cross sections and weights of wires. This table gives the cross section and the weight in metric units of copper, iron, and brass wires of the diameters given in the first column. For one tenth the diameter divide sections and weights by roo. For ten times the diameter multiply by 100, and so on. Copper — Density 8.90. Iron — Density 7.80. Brass — Density 8.56. Log. Diam. in thou- sandths of acm. Area of cross section (,°",)* 2.84448 |14.306 ] 0. 2.78718 | 16. 0.06723] 2.82756 | 14.874 92725 |11.823 | . -86996 | 13. .08135] .91034 | 12.293 1.00285 | 9.935 | - _-94556 | II. 09651} .98594 | 10.330 07236 | 8.465 | . 1.01506 | 9.6 -11362| 1.05544 | 8.501 -13674 | 7-299 | -12008} .07945 | 8. -13177| -11983 | 7.589 — hWONO ~ oO 1.19665 | 6.358 |o. 1.13936 | 7. 0.1513 | 1.17974} 6.611 25272 | 5.588 | . 19542 | 6. 1721 | .23580| 5.810 30538 | 4.951 | . .24808 | 5s. 1943 | .28846] 5.147 35503 | 4.415 | - -20773.| 5: -2178 | .33811 | 4.591 -40199 | 3.963 | -: -34469 | 4. 2427 | .38507 | 4.120 st Oo CONT OD 1.44654 | 3.577 0. 1.38925 | 4. 0.2689 | 1.42963] 3.719 48892} .244 | . 43162 | 3. -2965 | -47200]| .373 5203211, 2.050. 11 247/203 || 23254) |60240|) ©2074 -56794} .704 | .32 51064 | . 3557 | -55103 | 2.812 -60490 | .484 | . 547601 3872 | .58799 1.64036 | 2.289 Jo. T.58306 0.4202 | 1.62344 67443 | .116 | . 61713 4545 | .65751 -70721 | 1.962 | -- -64992 -4901 | .69030 73880 | - .825 | . 68150 “S271 ||| ¢-72488 76928 | -7Or.| . -71198 5054 | -75236 1.79872 | 1.590 Jo. 1.74143 0.6051 | 1.78181 (O2720 ||. A SOraias 6901 | 6461 | .81029 85478 | .397 | - ‘79749 | - 6884 | .83787 OSUST ||) ss04uali cc 82421 | . 7321 | .86459 90744 | .238 | . 85014 -7772 | .89052 T.93261 | 1.168 Jo. 1.87531 0.8236 | 1.91570 -95709 | -104 | . 89979 8713 | -94017 .98088 | .045 | . -92359 9204 | .96397 0.00504 | 0.983 | . 94775 9730 | .98813 02061 | .o4t | . 90931 1.0230 | 0.00969 0.04861 | 0.8941 | o. T.99131 1.076 | 0.03169 07005 | .Ssii}t. 0.01275 .130 05313 09098 | .8rr10] . 03368 -156 -07 400 11142) 2738" 05412 +243 09450 -13139 | .7389] . .07 409 «302 11447 0.15091 | 0.7065] 1.2 0.09361 1.361 | 0.13399 17000} .6761] . -I1270 423 -15308 -18868 | .6476] . 13138 | .7389] .485 17176 -20696 | .6209] . 14967 | . -549 -19005 -22487 |. .5958] .471 16758 | . 014 20790 0.24242 | 0.572211.532 | 0.18513 1.681 | 0.22551 25962} .5500] .593 20232 768 24371 -27649 | .5291] .657 21919 818 -25057 29303 | -5093] -721 -23574 888 27012 30927 | .4900] .786 25197 |. -960 29235 0.32521 | 0.4729]1.853 | 0.26791 2.034 | 0.30829 GMITHSONIAN TABLES. Diam. in thou- sandths of a cm. section (;°",)2 Area of cross 55 | 2375.83 56 | 2463.01 57 | 2551.76 58 | 2642.08 | 59 | 2733-97 | 60 | 2827.43 61 | 2922.47 62 | 3019.07 63 | 3117-25 64 | 3216.99] 65 | 3318.31 | 66 | 3421.19 67 | 3525-65 68 | 3631.68 69 | 3739.28 70 | 3848.45 71 | 3959-19} 72 | 4071.50 73 | 4185-39 74 | 4300.54 75 | 4417.86 76 | 4536.46} 77 | 4656.63 78 | 4778-36 79 | 4901.67 80 | 5026.55 81 | 5153-00 82 | 5251.02 83 | 5410.61 84 | 5541-77 85 5674-50 86 | 5808.30 87 | 5044.68 88 | 6082.12 89 | 6221.14 90 | 6361.73 QI | 6503.88 92 | 6647.61 93 | 6792.91 94 | 6939-78 95 | 7088.22 96 7238.23 389.81 98 | 7542-96 99 | 7697.69 100 | 7853.98 TABLE 38 (continued). METRIC UNITS. Cross sections and weights of wires. Copper — Density 8.90. 232 3-426 624 725 828 3-932 4-037 144 -253 +362 4-474 586 -700 S15 -932 5-050 170 .291 413 537 5-662 -788 O16 6.046 176 6.309 442 -577 71g 851 6.990 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 0.32521 34086 35623 °37134 -38618 0.40078 41514 42926 -44316 -45084 0.47031 -48357 -49663 50950 52218 0.53479 -54700 “55915 57113 58294 0.59460 .60611 -61746 .62867 -63974 0.65066 60145 67211 -68264 69304 0.70332 71348 +72352 73345 -74326 0.75297 -76256 -77200 -78144 79974 0.79993 .80902 81802 82693 83575 0.84448 ‘1806 1766 1690 1654 1619 1585 1552 1520 .1490 -1460 1431 Iron — Density 7.80. 2.588 ore 3-446 632 727 823 3.921 4.019 119 .220 “oe0) 4.426 531 -637 744 852 4.962 5:973 185 298 413 "26 704 6.004 6.126 0.34349 -35784 37196 38587 -39954 0.41301 42627 43933 -45220 -46488 0.47749 48970 50185 51383 -52565 0.5373! 54831 50017 57137 -58244 0.59336 -60415 61481 62534 -63574 0.64602 65618 .66622 67615 .68 596 0.69567 79527 71476 72414 73344 0.74263 75173 -7607 3 -76964 -77840 0.78718 Brass — Density 8.56. -940 6.068 -196 -326 -457 589 6.723 Log. 0.30829 +32394 -33931 35442 +3927 0.38387 -39823 41235 42625 44092 0.45339 -46065 -47971 49258 50526 0.51787 53008 54223 55421 -56603 0.57769 “58919 .60056 61175 62283 0.63375 64454 -65519 66572 67612 0.68640 .69656 -70660 71653 -7 2634 0.7 3605 74505 “75514 70452 77382 0.78301 79211 Soll 81002 81884 0.82756 63 64 TABLE 39. BRITISH AND METRIC UNITS. Cross sections and weights of wires. The cross section and the weight, in different units, of Aluminium wire of the diameters given in the first columm For one tenth the diameter divide sections and weights by 100. For ten times the diameter multiply by 100, and so on. Aluminium — Density 2.67. Area of cross section.* Pounds Feet Ounces Grammes Pp per per Pound. Foot. Log. Diameter.* per Metre.* 78.54 | 0000909 | 5. 11000. }|.001455 | 3.16274 : .02097 | 2.32160 95-03 OII00 | 4. googr. 01760] .24551 | 602. 02537 | -40437 II3.10} O1309] . 7638. 02095| .32111 ; 03020 | .47997 132.73 01536] . 6509. 02455] .39062 E 03544 | -54948 153-94] 01782] . 56012. | 02851] .45500 7 04110 | .61386 176.71 | .0002045 | 4. 4889. | .003273 | 3.51491 : 04718 | 2.67377 201.06] 02327] . 4297. 03724] 57097 | 268. 05368 | .720984 226.98 02627] . 3876. 04204| .62364 : .06060 | .78250 254-47] 02946] . 3395: | 04713] -67329| 212.2 | .06794 | .83215 283-53]. 03282] . 3047. 05251 | .72025 : .07570 | .879II 314.16 | .0003636 | 4. 2750. | .005818 | 3.76480 g .08388 | 2.92366 346.36 04009] . 2494. 06415} .80718 : .09248 | .96604 380.13 04400] .643¢ 2273. 07040| .84758 2. -10149 | 1.00644 415.43 04809| . 2079. 07697} .88630 : -11093 | .04506 452.39 05237| - 1910. 08378 | .92316 ; -12079 | .08202 490.87 | .0005682 | 4. 1760. |.00909 | 3.95862 : ZIT | 1.11748 530-93 06147] .78 1627. 0983 | _.99269 : 1418 -I5155 572.50] 06628] .82 1509. 1060 | 2.02547 s 1529 18433 615.75] 07127] .852 1403. 1140 | .05705 : 1644 .21592 660.52 07646| . 1305. 1223 | .08753 : 1764 -24640 706.86 | .0008 182 | 4. 1222. |.01309 | 2.11698 ; 1887 | 1.27584 754-77] 08737] - 1145. 1398 | 14546 : 2015 -30433 804.25 09309] . 1074. 1489 | .17304 7 -2147 -33190 855.30] ©9900] . 1OIO. 1584 | .19977 : 2284 35863 907.92 10509 | 3.02 952. 108i | .22570 ; 2424 38450 962.11] .oorrr4 | 3. 897.9] .01782 | 2.25087 E 2569 | 1.40 1017.88 TL 7 Sale 848.8} 1885 ee . oes ae 1075.21 1245 |. 803.5} I99I1 | .29914 : 2871 -45800 1134.11 1316 : 760.0] 2105 | .32329 ; 3035 48216 1194.59 1383/4100 723-2) 2212 | .34487 : 3190. | .50373 1256.64] .001455 | 3. 687.5] .02327 | 2.36687 : 23355. | 1-52573 1320.25 1528 | .182 654.4] 2445 | .38831 : -3525 54717 1385.44 1604 | . 623.6] 2566 | .40924| 38. 3699 -56810 1452.20 LOST “I "2 594-9] 2690 | .42968 : 3877 58854 1520.53 1760 | . 508.2] 2816 | .44964 . 4060 | .60851 1590.43] 001841 | 3. 543-2] 02946 | 2.46916 : 4246 | 1.62803 1661.90 TOQZA4 ili g.2 519.8] 3078 | .48825 : -4437 .64712 1734-94 2008): 498.0] 3213 | .50603 : 4632 .66580 1809. 56 2095 =| = 477-4) 3350 | «52522 : -4832 -68408 1885.74 2183 shore 458-1] 3492 | .54313 : 5035 -70199 1963.50 | 002273 | 3. 440.0 | .03636 | 2.56068 : 5243 | 1.71954 2042.82] 2365 6 22.9] 3783 | .57788 : 5454 | -73074 2] 2455 | . 406.8} 3033 | -59475| 25-42] -5670 | .75361 2554 394-2] 4086 | .61129 : 5891 “77015 2051 377-2]. 4242 | .62753 . 115 78639 .002750 363-6] .04400 | 2.64346 : 6343 | 1.80233 * Columns 3-8, in thousandths of an inch; 9-12, thousandths of a centimetre. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 39 (continued). 65 BRITISH AND METRIC UNITS. Cross sections and weights of wires. Aluminium — Density 2.67. Area of cross F Grammes : Metres section. 5 per og. per Metre.* Gramme. Diameter.* 0027 50 2851 2954 3058 3165 003273 3383 3495 608 3724 4978 005114 5251 5390 5531 5074 8033 008205 8378 8554 8731 8910 .009091 3-43934 “45500 -47037 -48547 50032 3-51492 52928 54340 55730 $7098 3-58445 -59771 -61077 62364 63632 3-64893 66114 67328 68526 69708 3.70874 .72025 -73160 -74281 75387 3.76480 77559 -78625 -79678 80718 3.81746 82762 83766 84758 -85740 3.86710 .87670 88619 89558 -90487 3-91407 92316 .93216 -94107 94989 3-95862 .07129 |2 .07 333 -07541 :07751 .07905 08182 .08402 .08624 088 50 .09078 .09309 | 2. 09544 09781 -10021 -10264 IOS Te .IIOI .1126 1152 1178 1205 1231 1258 1285 IQS .1341 1369 -1397 1426 1455 1.07122 .08082 09031 09970 -10899 T.11819 12728 13628 14519 15401 1.16274 1.80233 81798 83335 84846 86331 1.87790 89226 .90638 92028 93396 1.94743 O.O1IQI 02412 03627 04825 .06006 0.07172 08323 109458 -10579 11086 0.12778 -13857 14923 15976 17016 18044 -19060 .20064 21057 22038 0.23009 »23968 .24918 “25850 20786 0.27705 28614 s20 54, +30405 -31287 0.32160 * Columns 3-8, in thousandths of an inch; 9-12, thousandths of a centimetre. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 1.576 521 468 418 370 +325 .282 241 .201 -164 -095 66 TaBLe 40. SIZE, WEICHT, AND ELECTRICAL Size, Weight, and Electrical Constants of pure hard drawn Copper Wire of different numbers Size and Weight. Square of Gauge Diameter in Diameter Section in Number. Inches. (Circular Sq. Inches. Inches). ° 0.4600 0.2116 0.1662 0.6412 1.80701 -4096 -1678 1318 5085 -70031 3048 1331 1045 -4033 .60560 3249 -1055 0829 3198 -50489 0.2893 0.08 369 0.06573 0.2536 1.40419 2576 .06637 05213 2011 30348 2294 05263 .041 34 1595 20277 -2043 04174 03278 1265 »10206 1819 03310 .02600 -1003 .001 36 0.1620 0.02625 0.02062 0.07955 2.90065 1443 .02082 01635 .06309 79994 1285 O1651 .O1297 .05003 -69924 1144 01 309 .01028 03968 59853 -I019 01038 0081 5 03146 49782 COON MD usawn ke og 88 0.09074 0.008234 0.006467 0.02495 2.39711 08081 .006530 005129 01979 29641 .07 196 005178 .004067 01569 19570 .06408 .004107 003225 01244 _-09499 05707 003257 .002558 .00987 3-99429 0.05082 0.002583 0.002028 0.007827 3.89358 04526 .002048 001609 -006207 79287 04030 .001624 001276 004922 .69217 03589 .001 288 -OOIOI2 003904 «59146 03196 .OO102I 000802 003096 49075 0.02846 0.0008 ror 0.0006 363 0.002455 3.39004 02535 .0006424 0005046 001947 -28934 02257 0005095 .0004001 001544 18863 02010 0004040 0003173 001224 .08792 .01790 0003204 0002517 .00097 I 4.98722 0.01594 0.0002541 0.0001996 0.0007700 488651 O141Q 000201 § 0001 583 -0006107 -78550 01264 0001 598 0001255 .0004843 68510 -O1126 0001 267 0000995 .000384I 58439 01003 0001005 .0000789 0003046 483608 0.008928 | 0.00007970 | 0.00006260 | 0.0002415 4-38297 -007950 00006321 .00004964 -OOOIQIS .28227 .007080 -00005013 00003937 -OOOI 519 18156 .006304 0000397 5 .000031 22 0001 205 “0808 5 005614 000031 52 00002476 0000955 5-98015 0.005000 | 0.00002500 | 0.00001963 | 0.00007576 5-87944 004453 00001983 -00001 557 .00006008 77873 003965 00001 372 .00001 235 -0000476 .67802 .003531 00001247 00000979 0000377 57732 003145 00000989 00000777 00002996 47661 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 40 (continued). 67 CONSTANTS OF COPPER WIRE. according to the American Brown and Sharp Gauge. Common Measure. Temperature 32°F. Density 8.90. Electrical Constants. Resistance and Conductivity. Gauge Ohms Feet Ohms Pounds Number. er ; per per r Foot. Ohm. Pound. ohm. 0.00004629 5 21601. 0.00007 219 I 38 52. .0000 5837 -766 7a .00011 479 712. .00007 361 ; 13586 .00018253 5479. .00009282 7 10774. .00029023 3445, 0.0001 170 4- 8544. 0.000461 5 2166.8 .0001476 : 6775. 0007 338 1362.8 .ooo1861 : 5373: 0011668 57-0 0002347 : 4261. .0018 552 539.0 0002959 : 3379: 0029499 339.0 0.00037 31 4. 2680. 0.004690 213.22 .0004705 Z| 2125. .007458 134.08 0005933 : 1685. 011859 84.32 0007 482 : 1337- 0188 57 53-03 .0009434 1060. 029984 33-35 0.001190 3 840.6 0.04768 20.973 .O0OI 500 ‘ 666.6 07 581 13.191 .001892 : 528.7 -12054 8.296 002385 | 419.2 -19166 5-218 003008 : 332-5 30476 3.281 0.003793 3: 263.7 0.4846 2.0636 004783 -67966 209.1 7705 1.2979 006031 : 165.8 a2 0.8162 .007604 : 131.5 1.9481 +5133 009589 : 104:3 3.0976 3228 ° Sh Goon naw 0888 0.01209 2s 82.70 4.925 0.2030 01525 . 65.59 7-832 127 01923 : 52.01 12.453 .08030 02424 : 41.25 19.801 -05051 03057 3 32.71 31.484 03176 0.03855 2. 25.94 50.06 0.019976 04861 3 20.57 79.60 012563 06130 : 16.31 126.57 .00790I 07729 | 12.94 201.26 004969 09746 : 10.26 320.01 003125 0.1229 Tn 8.137 508.8 0.0019654 1550 : 6.452 809.1 -0012359 -1954 : 5-117 1286.5 000777 3 +2464 é 4.058 2045-6 .0004889 -3107 : 3-218 3252.6 .000 3074 0.3918 Te 2.552 172. 0.0001934 4941 .6938 2.024 224. .0O00I 216 -6230 3 1.605 13076. .0000765 7856 : 1.273, 20792. .0000481 .9906 : 1.009 33060. .0000303 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 68 TABLE 41. SIZE, WEICHT, AND ELECTRICAL Size, Weight, and Electrical Constants of pure hard drawn Copper Wire of different numbers Size and Weight. Square of Gauge | Diameter in Diameter Section in ae : ear Number. | Centimetres. en Sq. Cms. Metre. Gramime: ms.). 1.1684 1.3652 1.0722 2.97966 0.001048 0405 0826 0.8503 : 87896 .OO1 322 0.9266 0.8586 6743 : 77825 .001 666 8251 6809 5348 67754 .0O2I101 0.7348 0.5400 0.4241 2.57684 0.002649 6544 4282 -3303 -47613 003341 +5827 +3396 -2067 -37542 1004213 5189 -2093 2115 27472 005312 4621 2130 1677 17401 .006699 0.4115 0.16936 0.13302 2.07330 0.0084 5 -3665 13431 10549 1.97259 01065 3264 10651 .08 366 87189 .01 343 -2900 .08447 06634 77118 01694 .2583 .06699 05261 -67047 .021 36 0.2305 0.05312 0.04172 1.56977 0.02693 2053 04213 .03309 -46906 03396 1828 03341 02624 -30835 04282 1628 .02649 .02081 -20704 .05400 .1450 02101 .01650 16694 .06809 0.12908 0.016663 0.01 3087 : 1.06623 11495 013214 010378 0.96552 10237 -010479 008231 : 86482 O91 16 .008 330 006527 : 70411 08118 006591 005176 ‘ -66340 0.0722 0.00522 0.004105 0.56270 06438 004145 003255 -46199 05733 003287 .002582 : 36128 05100 002607 002047 26057 04545 002067 001624 15987 0.04049 0.0016394 0.001 2876 0-05916 .03606 .OOT 3001 0010211 : 1.95845 .03211 .0O10310 .0008098 . 85775 02859 .0008176 .0006422 : 75704 02546 .0006484 0005093 : 65633 0.02268 0.00051 42 0.0004039 1.55562 02019 0004078 0003203 : 45492 01798 .0003234 0002540 6 35421 .O1601 .0002 565 .000201 4 : -25350 .01426 0002034 .OOO1 597 : 15280 0.01270 0.000161 3 0.0001 267 ¥.05209 .O1I3T .0001279 .OOOT005 : 2.95138 .O1007 -OOOIOI 4 .0000797 .00897 .0000804 -000063 2 .00799 .0000638 .0000 501 GMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 41 (continued). 69 CONSTANTS OF COPPER WIRE. according to the American Brown and Sharp Gauge. Metric Measure. Temperature 0° C. Density 8.90. Electrical Constants. Resistance and Conductivity. Ohms Metres Ohms Grammes per s per per per Metre. Ohm. Gramme. Ohm. 0.0001 519 6584. 0.0000001 592 6283000. .OOOIQI 5 5221. .0000002 531 3951000, .000241 5 4141. ,0000004024 248 5000. 0003045 3284. .0600006398 1563000. 8 8 0.0003840 2604. 0.000001017 982900. .0004842 68 2065. .000001618 618200. 0006106 1638. .000002 572 388800. .0007699 1299. .000004090 244500. .0009709 1030. 000006504 153800. 0.001224 816.9 0.00001034 96700. O01 544 647.8 .00001644 608 20. .001947 513-7 0000261 5 38250. 002455 é 407-4 000041 57 24050. 003095 323.0 -00006610 15130. WOON HD UWdE 088 0.003903 256.2 O.000105I1I 9514. .004922 6 203.2 .00016712 50984. .006206 161.1 .00026574 3763. .007826 127.8 .000422 3 2367. .009868 101.3 00067157 1488. 0.01244 80.37 0.0010683 936.1 .01 569 63-73 0016987 588.7 01979 : 50.54 0027010 370.2 02495 40.08 0042948 232.8 03146 31.79 .0068 290 146.4 0.03967 25.21 0.010859 92.09 .05002 : 19.99 .017266 57-92 .06308 : 15.35 027454 36.42 07954 z 12.57 043653 22.91 -10030 9.97 069411 11.88 0.12647 7.907 0.11037 9.060 15948 6.270 17549 5-698 -20110 4-973 : 3-584 25358 3-943 -44369 2.254 31976 3.127 : 1.417 oso 2.480 4 0.8914 4 -50 1.967 : 5606 6411 . 1.560 ; 3526 808 5 : 1.237 : 2217 1.0194 0.981 .1708 -1394 1.2855 0.7779 = 0.08790. 1.6210 : .6169 ; 05516 2.0440 : 4892 : -03469 2.5775 : -3880 : -02182 3.2501 : -3076 : -01372 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. ZO TABLES 42-43. WEIGHT OF SHEET METAL. TABLE 42.— Weight of Sheet Metal. (Metric Measure.) This table gives the weight in grammes of a plate one metre square and of the thickness stated in the first column. Thickness in thou- sandths of Brass. Aluminum. | Platinum. 78.0 89.0 85.6 26.7 215.0 156.0 178.0 W712 53-4 430.0 234.0 267.0 250.8 80.1 645.0 312.0 356.0 342.4 106.8 860.0 390.0 445.0 428.0 133-5 1075.0 468.0 534.0 513.6 160.2 1290.0 546.0 623.0 599.2 186.9 1505-0 624.0 712.0 684.8 213.6 1720.0 702.0 801.0 770.4 240.3 1935.0 780.0 890.0 856.0 267.0 2150.0 aL 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 oO _ TABLE 43.— Weight of Sheet Metal. (British Measure.) Aluminum. Platinum. Copper. Thickness in Mils. Pounds per | Pounds per | Pounds per | Pounds per | Ounces per | Pounds per | Ounces per Sq. Foot. Sq. Foot. Sq. Foot. | Sq. Foot. | Sq. Foot. | Sq. Foot. | Sq. Foot. 04454 01389 .2222 -IIIQ 1.790 a: .04058 .04630 2 08116 .09260 .08908 02778 4445 2237 3.579 3 “12173 13890 13363 04167 -6667 +3356 5-369 4 16231 -18520 17817 05556 8890 4474 7.158 5 20289 23150 22271 .06945 1.1112 5593 8.948 6 -24347 -27780 .26725 £08334 1.3335 6711 10.738 7 -28405 32411 31179 .097 23 1.5557 -7830 12.527 8 32463 37041 “35634 SIDS 1.7780 8948 14.317 9 36520 -41671 40058 12501 2.0002 1.0067 16.106 10 -40578 -46301 44542 .13890 2.2224 1.1185 17.896 Gold. Silver. Thickness in Mils. Troy Ounces per Sq. Foot. Troy Ounces per Sq. Foot. Grains per ieee per Sq. Foot. Sq. Foot. 1.4642 702.8 0.7967 1 2 2.9285 1405.7 1.5933 3 4.3927 2108.5 2.3900 4 5.8570 2811.3 3.1867 5 7:3212 | 3514.2 | 3.9833 6 8.7854 4217.0 4.7800 7 10.2497 ioe 8 | 5.5767 8 11-7139 6.3734 9 13.1752 oe a5 7.1700 10 14.6424 702 7.9667 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 44, 71 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS. | The strength of most materials varies so that the following figures serve only as a rough indication of the strength of a particular sample, TABLE 44(a). — Metals. TABLE 44(b).—Stones.* Name of Metal. Aluminum wire Brass wire Bronze wire, phosphor, hard- drawn Bronze wire, silicon, hard- drawn Bronze: Cu, 58.54 parts; Zn, 38.70; Al, 0.21; with 2.55 parts of the alloy, Sn, 29.03, wrought iron, 58.06, ferro- manganese, 12.91 Copper wire, hard-drawn Gold wire Tron, cast “wire, hard-drawn of “ annealed Lead, cast or drawn Palladium * Platinum * wire Silver * wire Steel “ wire, maximum “* Specially treated nickel- steel, approx. comp. 0.40 C; 3.25 Ni; treatment secret “ piano wire, diam. “ piano wire, 0.051 in. diam. Tin, cast or drawn Zinc, cast “drawn 0.033 in. Tensile strength in pounds per sq. in. 30000-40000 50000-1 50000 I [0000-1 40000 95000-11 5000 60000-7 5000 60000-70000 20000 1 3000-33000 80000-1 20000 50000-60000 2600-3300 39000 50000 42000 80000-330000 460000 250000 357000-390000 325000-3 37000 4000-5000 7000-1 3000 22000-30000 According to Boys, quartz fibres have a tensile strength of between 116000 and 167000 pounds per square inch. * Authority of Wertheim. Coarse material. “ Aggregate.” Sandstone Cinders Limestone Conglomerate Trap Material. Marble Tufa Brownstone Sandstone Granite Limestone Resistance to crushing in pds. per sq. in. Size of test piece. 4 in. cubes a 6 ‘6 2 7600-20700 7700-11600 7300-23600 2400-29 300 9700-34000 6000-2 5000 4 in, cubes 4 “ “ 4 66 6c * Data furnished by the U. S. Geological Survey. TABLE 44(c). — Brick.* Kind of Brick. Soft burned Medium burned Hard burned Vitrified Sand-lime Resistance to crushing in pds. per sq. in. Tested flatwise. Tested on edge. 1800-4000 4000-6000 6000-8 500 8500-25000 1800-4000 1600-3000 3000-4 500 4500-6500 6500-20000 Brick piers laid up in 1 part Portland cement, 3 of sand, have from 20 to 40 per cent the crushing strength of the brick. * Data furnished by the U. S. Geological Survey. TABLE 44(d). — Concretes.* Proportions by volume. Cement: sand: aggregate. : 14 to 26) 6 :8 752 Size of test piece. in. cube “ “cc “ “ “cc “ce “ “ * Data furnished by the U. S. Geological Survey. SMITHSONIAN TaBLeEs. Resistance to crushing in pds. per sq. in. 1550-3860 790-2050 1200-2840 1080-38 30 820-2960 72 TABLE 45. STRENGTH OF MATERIALS. Average Results of Timber Tests. The test pieces were SMALL and SELECTED. Endwise compression tests of some of the first lot, made when green and containing over 40 per cent moisture, showed a diminishing in strength of 50 to 75 per cent. See also Table 46. < 10° 303 X 108 129 X 108 . Oy a Gah: ztekiox< iy 339 X 108 — —_ Koch.} Sylvine!< 108 at 75-4° “ “ec “ Mica Exax = 2213 X 108 in the principal axis. Enin = 1554 X 10° at 45° to the principal axis. In the HEXAGONAL SysTEM, Voigt gives measurements on a beryl crystal (emerald). The subscripts indicate inclination in degrees of the axis of stress to the principal axis of the crystal. Eo = 2165 X 10%, Eyg—=1796 X 10°, Ego = 2312 X 10%, To = 667 X 108, T= 883X108 The smallest cross dimension of the prism experimented on (see Table 82), was in the principal axis for this last case. In the RHOMBOHEDRIC SysTEM, Voigt has measured quartz. The subscripts have the same meaning as in the hexagonal system. Eo = 1030 X 108, E_45=1305 X 10%, Ej y43—=850X 108, Ego = 785 X 108, To= 508 X 108, Tao = 348 X 108. Baumgarten { gives for calcspar Eo= 501 X 108, E_qs=441 X10%, E445=772 X 10%, Eg9=790 X 10% * In this system the subscript @ indicates that compression or extension takes place along the crystalline axis, and distortion round the axis. The subscripts 4 and c correspond to directions equally inclined to two and normal to the third and equally inclined to all three axes respectively. t Voigt, ‘‘ Wied. Ann.” vol. 31, 34-353; 36, 642. + Koch, “f Wied. Ann.” vol. 18. § Beckenkamp, “‘ Zeit. fiir Kryst.’’ vol. ro. | The subscripts 1, 2, 3 indicate that the three principal axes are the axes of stress; 4,5, 6 that the axes of stress are in the three principal planes at angles of 45° to the corresponding axes, { Baumgarten, “ Pogg. Ann.’? vol. 152. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLES 55-57. 79 COMPRESSIBILITY OF GASES. TABLE 65.—Relative Volumes at Various Pressures and Temperatures, the volume at 0°C and at 1 atmo- sphere being taken as 1000000. Air. Nitrogen. Hydrogen. 99°.4 | 200°.4 : 0? 99°.3 | 200°.5 7360 7567 5170 5286 4170 4147 3565 3462 3180 258 3006 2904 2680 2699 2444 2544 2244 2415 2093 Amagat: C. R. 111, 1890; Ann. chim. phys. (6) 29, 1893. TABLE 56. — Ethylene, pu at o° C and 1 atm. —1, 0.814 Co Ere ie - 0.403 | 0.471 0.51 3 0.551 0.63 0.669 0.878 |} 0.908 1.337 | 1.367 2.387 | 2.422 Hh NOK Se ee Oe SIN WW ON BeNN mr okr ON Amagat, C. R. r11, 1890; 116, 1893. TABLE 67. — Ethylene. 5 Relative values of Jv at — Pressure in metres of mercury. 30 60 go 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 320 Amagat, Ann. chim. phys. (6) 22, 1881, SMITHSONIAN TABLES, 80 TABLES 58-60. COMPRESSIBILITY OF GASES. TABLE 58.— Carbon Dioxide. 2 Relative values of Jv at — Pressure in metres of mercury. 30 5° O 110 140 170 200 230 260 290 320 18°.2 liquid 625 825 1020 1210 1405 1590 1770 1950 2135 40°.2 2460 1900 825 980 1175 1360 1550 1730 1920 2100 2280 50°.0 2590 2145 1200 1090 1250 1430 1615 1800 1985 2170 2360 60°.0 2730 2330 1650 1275 1360 1520 1705 1890 2070 2260 2440 70°.0 2870 2525 1975 1550 1525 1045 1810 1990 2166 2340 2525 Relative values of Jv ; gv at o° C. and 1 atm. =r, 0.229 0.326 0.599 0.963 1.748 0.938 1.716 Amagat, C. R. 111, 1890; Ann. chim. phys. (6) 29, 1893; 22, 1881. TABLE 59.—Compressibility of Gases. p.v. (4 atm.). povo(x atm.). 1.00038 0.99974 I.00015 1.00026 1.00279 1.00327 1.00026 1.00632 Density. ==.32,100C: P= 76cm B2: 2.015 (16°) 28.005 28.000 44.268 44.285 Rayleigh, Zeitschr. Phys. Chem. 52, 1905. Density. Very small pressure. 32. 2.0173 28.016 28.003 44.014 43-996 TABLE 60.— Compressibility of Air and Oxygen between 18° and 22° C. Pressures in metres of mercury, vz, relative. 64.00 26778 24.07 26968 34-90 26908 45-24 26791 55-30 26789 64.07 34:89 55- 26050 24.07 50 26614 26185 20843 Amagat, C. R. 1879. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 72.16 | 84.22 26792 72.15 25858 101.47 26840 | 27041 84.19 25745 101.06 25639 214.54 | 304.04 « 29585 | 32488 214.52 303-93 26536 28756 TaBLes 61-62. 8I RELATION BETWEEN PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE AND VOLUME OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE AND AMMONIA.* TABLE 61.—Sulphur Dioxide. Original volume rococo under one atmosphere of pressure and the temperature of the experi- ments as indicated at the top of the different columns. Corresponding Volume for Ex- Pressure in Atmospheres for periments at Temperature — Experiments at Temperature — Volumes | 58°.0 99°.6 183°.2 Pressure in 9.60 10.35 11.85 13.05 14.70 16.70 20.15 23.00 26.40 30.15 35-20 39.60 Uitte Se Ee TABLE 62.— Ammonia. Original volume 100000 under one atmosphere of pressure and the temperature of the experiments as indicated at the top of the different columns. Corresponding Volume for Ex- Pressure in Atmospheres for Experiments periments at Temperature — at Temperature — Volume. Pressure in Atmos 46°.6 99°-6 183°.6 7635 in ° * From the experiments of Roth, ‘‘ Wied. Ann.” vol. 11, 1880, SMITHSONIAN TABLES. ‘ 82 TABLE 63. COMPRESSIBILITY OF LIQUIDS. If Vy is the volume under pressure 4; atmospheres at 7°C, and V2 is volume at pressure #2 and the same temperature, then the compressibility coefficient may be defined at that temperature as° Substance. is Substance. ° ° Acetone 0.00 I-500 Methyl alcohol 100, | 8.68-37.3 | 221 ss 0.00] 500-1000 ss & 18.10 8 120 0.00] 1000-1 500 Nitric acid 20.3 I-32 99-5 | 8.94-36.5 Oils: Almond 17's 5-95 8 COm NOD Olive 20. 17.9 8 Paraffin 14. 154 1-4 Petroleum | 16.5 78.8 1-4 Rock 19.4 0.00 1-500 Rape-seed | 20.3 0.00] 500-1000 Turpentin 0.00] 1000-1 500 Toluene 49.2 | 1000-1500 ne oO. ~ Xylene 20. - s 40. - Paraffins: CgeHy,4 a C7Hie 8-9 3 CgHy8 19-34 CoH20 Collodium 8 CyoH 22 Ethyl alcohol : 150-200 Cy2Ho6 f gs 150-400 Cy4H 30 150-200 CyeH34 150-400 150-200 150-400 150-200 150-400 150-200 150-400 I-50 I-50 I-50 100-200 300-400 300-400 300-400 500-600 700-800 700-800 700-800 00-1000 8.5-34.2 8.7-37.2 12.6-34.4 12.8-34.5 Coon OF Glycerine Mercury : - e 3-90 Methyl alcohol 8.50-37.1 | 104 For references see page 83. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 64. 83 COMPRESSIBILITY AND BULK MODULI OF SOLIDS. Compression per unit volume per atmo. X 10°, Crystals: Barite . Beryl Fluorspar Pyrites) < Quartz Rock salt Sylvine Topaz. Tourmaline. Brass . ALB Copper: ... . . Delta metal Lead . Steel . Glass . Calculated values of bulk modulus in — Authority. Pounds per sq. in, Grammes per sq. cm. 535X108 | 7.61 X 108 1384 “ 19.68 “ 860 12.24 g06 12.89 387 5-50 246 3.50 138 1.07 1694 24.11 2 9140 130.10 Amagat 1090 15.48 Buchanan .| 1202 17.10 1012 14.41 374 5-32 1518 21.01 405 5.76 Note: Winklemann, Schott, and Straulel (Wied Ann 6r, 63, 1897; 68, 1899) give the following coefficients (among others) for various Jena glasses in terms of the volume decrease divided by the increase of pressure expressed in kilo- grammes per square millimetre: Compres- sibility 5800 Barytborosilicat : Natronkalkzinksilicat . . . 4530 : -| 3790 Compres- sibility. Kalibleisilicat . Eee Heaviest Bleisilicat Very heavy “ ou wok (eb ialy 2 Tonerdborat with sodium, baryte * Rontgen and Schneider by piezometric experiments obtained 5.0 X 10~* for rock salt, and 5.6 X 10— for sylvine (Wied. Ann., vol. 31). References to Tables 63 and 64. Liquids (Table 63): 1 Amagat, Ann. chim. phys. (6) 29, 1893. 2 Roéntgen, Wied. Ann. 44, 1891. 3 Amagat, C. R. 68, 1869; (5) 28, 1883. 4 Pagliani-Palazzo, Mem. Acad. Lin. (3) 19, 1883. § Grimaldi, Zeitschr. Phys. Chem. 1, 1887. 6 de Metz, Wied. Ann. 41, 1890; 47, 1892. Solids (Table 64): Amagat, C. R. 108, 1889; J. de Phys. (2) 8, 1889. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 7 Barus, Sill. Journ. 39, 1890; 41, 1891; Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. 1892. 8 Quincke, Wied. Ann. 19, 1893. g Amagat, Ann. chim. phys. (6) 22, 1891. 10 Aimé, Ann. chim. phys. (3) 8, 1843. 11 Colladon-Sturm, Pogg. Ann. 12, 1828. 12 Martini. 13 de Heen, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. (3) 9, 1895. 14 Batelli, Phys. Zeitschr. 28, 29, 1896. Buchanan, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 10, 1880. Voigt, Wied. Ann. 31, 1887; 34, 1888; 36, 1888. 84 TABLE 65. SPECIFIC GRAVITIES CORRESPONDING TO THE BEAUME SCALE. The specific gravities are for 15.56°C (60°F) referred to water at the same temperature as unity. For specific gravities less than unity the values are calculated from the formula: 145 B =145— ; Dente aes Specific Gravity For specific gravities greater than unity from: 140 Degrees Beam’ — = pecine Gravity — 130. Specific Gravities less than 1. | 0.06 Specific Gravity. Degrees Beaumé. 0.60 : : . : 88.75 | 85.38 | 82.12 -70 7 : 3 : 59-19 | 50.67 | 54.21 80 : ; : : 30.67 | 34.71 | 32.79 90 : ; . ] 18.94 | 17.37 | 15.83 1.00 Specific Gravities greater than 1. 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 Specific Gravity. Degrees Beaumé. 5-58 | 6.01 17.81 | 18.91 28.06 | 29.00 36.79 | 37-59 44.31 | 45.00 50.54 | 51.45 56.58 | 57.12 61.67 | 62.14 | 66.20 | 66.62 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 66. 85 DENSITY OR MASS IN GRAMMES PER CUBIC CENTIMETRE AND POUNDS PER CUBIC FOOT OF THE ELEMENTS, LIQUID OR SOLID. Element. Aluminum “ “cc Antimony sé “ Argon “ Arsenic “ “ Barium Beryllium Bismuth Boron “cr Bromine Cadmium ae Cesium Calcium Carbon Cerium Chlorine Chromium Cobalt Columbium Copper Erbium Fluorine Gallium Germanium Glucinium Gold “ Hydrogen Indium Physical State. cast wrought pure vacuo-distilled ditto-compressed amorphous liquid “cs crystallized amorph. br.-black yellow solid electrolytic vacuo-distilled liquid solid crystal amorph. pure liquid cast wrought vacuo-distilled solid liquid diamond graphite electrolytic pure liquid pure liquid cast drawn wrought electrolytic vacuo-distilled ditto-compressed liquid liquid cast wrought vacuo-distilled ditto-compressed liquid 7.12-7.42 Grammes per; Pounds per | Tempera- cu. foot. ture.* 160-161 165-17 es 2 413.2 417.7 388 86.43 88.86 358 231 242 234 108-1 33 605-618 608.5 610.6 624 604 156-162 153 197 5:33-5:35 541 539.9 22 498 117 95 216-222 131-145 424 438 94.1 407-420 432 544 440-460 549-558 557-558 552-558 554-558 557-7 558.0 513 295 71 370 341 116-127 1200 1207 1178 20 1202 20 4.3 —252 444-463 Authority. Mallet, 1882. Kahlbaum, 1902. Herard. Baly-Donnan, “ “cc Geuther Linck Classen, 1890. Kahlbaum, 1902. Vincentini-Omodei. “cc “a Moissan Kahlbaum, 1902. Vincentini-Omodei. “cc “ Arndt, Ch. Ber. 1904. Liversidge. Muthmann-Weiss “ce “ Drugman-Ramsay Moissan. Tilden, Ch. C. 1898. Kahlbaum, 1902. Roberts- Wrightson. St. Meyer, Z. Ph. Chy 37. Moissan-Dewar. de Boisbaudran. Wimkler. Kahlbaum, 1902. Dewar, Ch. News, 1904. * Where the temperature is not given, ordinary atmospheric temperature is understood. Compiled from Clarke’s Constants of Nature, Landolt-Bérnstein-Meyerhoffer’s Tables, and other sources, Mo authority is stated, the values are mostly means from various sources. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Where 86 TABLE 66 (continued). ‘DENSITY OR MASS IN GRAMMES PER CUBIC CENTIMETRE AND POUNDS PER CUBIC FOOT OF THE ELEMENTS, LIQUID OR SOLID. Element. Iridium Iodine Iron “ Lithium Physical State. pure gray cast white cast wrought liquid steel cast wrought solid liquid vacuo-distilled ditto-compressed Magnesium Manganese Mercury “ liquid “ solid Molybdenum Nickel Niobium Nitrogen Osmium Oxygen Palladium Phosphorus Platinum Potassium “ “ liquid liquid white red metallic solid liquid Presodymium Rhodium Rubidium Ruthenium Samarium Selenium Silicon Silver “ Strontium Sulphur SMITHSONIAN cast wrought vacuo-distilled ditto-compressed liquid solid liquid liquid Grammes per cu. cm. Pounds per cu. foot. 22.42 4-7-4.9 7.85-7.88 7:03-7-13 7-58-7-73 | 473-482 7,80-7.90 | 487-492 6.88 429 7.60-7.80 | 474-487 6.15 384 10-37 710 11.36 709 11.005 686 10.645 664 708.1 11.342 11.347 708.4 33-3 0.534 - oy 75 105-109 460 I A ioe 848.8 13.546 845.7 13.690 854.7 14.193 886.1 re 3 897-9 6 520-540 8. sone go 540-550 7:2 45° 0.810 50.5 0.854 53-3 22.5 1400 1.14 ay 11.4 711 1.83 114 2.20 137 2.34 146 21.2-21.7 1320-1350 0.86-0.88 Sere 0.851 53.7 0.830 53.8 6.475 404 I1.0-12.1 686-755 1.532 95.6 12.3 768 7:7-7:8 480-490 4.3-4.8 2.0-2.4 10.42-10.53 10.6 10.492 10.503 9.51 0.9712 0.9519 0.9287 1.0066 2.50-2.58 2.0-2.1 1.811 1399 293-306 490-492 439-445 Temper- ature.* 17 17 Authority. Deville-Debray Roberts-Austen Muthmann-Weiss Reich “ Vincentini-Omodei “ oe Kahlbaum, 1902 Richards-Brink, ’07 Regnault, Volkmann Vincentini-Omodei Mallet Dewar, 1902 Baly-Donnan, 1902 6é 6 “ Hittorf Vincentini-Omodei “ec “ Muthmann-Weiss Richards-Brink, ’07 Muthmann-Weiss Kahlbaum, 1902 Roberts-Austen Richards-Brink, ’07 Vincentini-Omodei Dewar Matthiessen Vincentini-Omodei * Where the temperature is not given, ordinary atmospheric temperature is understood. TABLES, TABLES 66 (continued) AND 67. MASS OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES. 87 TABLE 66 (continued). — Density or Mass in grammes per cubic centimetre and pounds per cubic foot of the elements, liquid or solid. . Grammes per| Pounds per | Tempera- : Element. Physical State. alent: ae Fone tare® Authority. Tantalum 10.4-12.8 Tellurium crystallized 6.25 & amorphous 6.02 Beljankin. Thallium 11.8-11.9 Thorium 11.0 6 Nilson. Tin white, cast 7-29 Matthiessen. sé “wrought 7.30 crystallized | 6.97-7.18 “ solid ¥ Vincentini-Omodei. is liquid “ “ Titanium Tungsten Uranium : Zimmermann. Vanadium : Roscoe. Xenon liquid : Ramsay-Travers. Yttrium 8 St. Meyer. Zinc cast : Y 439-447 ‘se wrought 449 vacuo-distilled 432 Kahlbaum, 1902. ditto-compressed 445 oe sf liquid : 404 Roberts- Wrightson. Zirconium ‘ 258 Froost. TABLE 67 — Mass in grammes per cubic centimetre and in pounds per oubic foot of different kinds of wood. The wood is supposed to be seasoned and of average dryness. Grammes_ | Pounds Grammes per cubic | percubic . per cubic centimetre. foot. centimetre. Alder 0.42-0.68 | 26-42 || Hazel 0.60-0.80 Apple 0.66-0.84 | 41-52 || Hickory 0.60-0.93 Ash 0.65-0.85 | 40-53 || Holly 0.76 Bamboo 0.31-0.40 | 19-25 || Iron-bark 1.03 Basswood. See Linden. Juniper 0.56 Beech 0.70-0.90 | 43-56 || Laburnum 0.92 Blue gum 1.00 52 Lancewood 0.68-1.00 Birch 0.51-0.77 | 32-48 || Lignum vite Box 0.95-1.16 Linden or Lime-tree Bullet-tree 1.0 Locust Butternut 0.3 Logwood Cedar 0.49-0.57 Mahogany, Honduras Cherry 0.70-0.90 s Spanish Cork 0.22-0.26 Maple Dogwood 0.76 Oak Ebony I.11-1.33 Pear-tree Elm 0.54-0.60 Plum-tree Fir or Pine, American Poplar White | 0.35-0.50 Satinwood Larch O. ae 56 Sycamore Pitch 0.83-0.8 5 Teak, Indian Red 0.48-0.70 “African Scotch 0.43-0.53 Walnut Spruce 0.48-0.70 Water gum Yellow 0.37-0.60 Willow Greenheart 0.93-1.04 * Where the temperature is not given, ordinary atmospheric temperature is understood. SmitHsonian TABLES. 88 Substance. Agate . Alabaster : Carbonate Sulphate Alum, potash Amber Anthracite Apatite Aragonite . Arsenic Asbestos . Asphaltum Barite Basalt Beeswax Bole . ; Bone. Boracite . Borax Borax glass Boron ° Brick Butter n Calamine . Calcspar Carbon. See Graphite, etc. Caoutchouc Celestine . Cement: Pulverized loose Pressed . Set Cetin Chalk Charcoal : Oak é Pine 5 Chrome yellow . Cinnabar . Clay . a Clayslate . Coallisoft:; Cobaltite . Cocoa butter Coke 3 Copal . Corundum Diamond . Anthracitic Carbonado Diorite Dolomite . Earth, dry. Ebonite Emery Epsom salts : Crystalline Anhydrous Feldspar Flint . Fluor spar Gabronite . Gamboge . Galena SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Grammes per cubic centimetre. 2.5-2.7 2.69-2.78 2.20—2.32 1.75 1.06-1.11 1.4-1.8 3.16-3.22 3.0 5:7-5-72 2.0-2.8 I.1-1.5 45 2.4-3.1 0.96-0.97 2.2-2.5 1.7-2.0 2.9-3.0 1.7-1.8 2.6 2.45-2.69 1.4-2.2 0.86-0.87 4.1-4. 2.6-2. 0.92-0.99 3:9 I.15-1.7 1.85 2.7-3.0 0.88-0.94 1.9-2.8 0.57 0.28-0.44 6.00 8.12 1.8-2.6 2.8-2.9 1.21.5 6.4-7.3 0.89-0.91 1.0-1.7 1.04-1.14 3-9-4.0 3-5-3-6 1.66 3.01-3.2 2. issue 2 2.4-2.9 1.6-1.9 1.15 4.0 1.7-1.8 2.6 TABLE 68. DENSITY OR MASS IN CRAMMES PER CUBIC CENTIMETRE AND POUNDS PER CUBIC FOOT OF VARIOUS SOLIDS.* 150-193 60-61 137-156 ane 181-187 106-112 162 153-168 87-137 53-54 255-280 162-175 57-62 243 72-105 IIs 168-187 55-59 118-175 35 17.5-27.5 374 597 122-162 175-180 pas 400-45 56-57 62-105 65-71 245-250 220-225 104 188-203 175=193 150-181 100-120 181-187 75 460-470 Substance, Garnet Gas carbon Glass: Common Flint Glauber’s salt Glue . Gneiss Granite Graphite Gravel Gray copper ore Green stone Gum arabic Gunpowder: Loose Tamped . Gypsum, burnt a: Hornblende Ice Iodine Ivory . Kaolin Lava: Basaltic . Trachytic Lead acetate Leather : Dry * Greased . Lime: Mortar Slaked Lime . Limestone . Litharge : Artificial Natural . Magnesia . Magnesite . Magnetite . Malachite . Manganese: Red ore . Black ore Marble Marl . Masonry Meerschaum Melaphyre . Mica . ; Mortar Mud . Nitroglycerine Ochre Opal . Orpiment . Paper. Paraffin Peat Grammes per cubic centimetre. 3-6-3.8 1.88 2.4-2.8 2.9-5-9 I.4-1.5 1.27 2.4-3.2 2.0-3.0 1.9-2.3 1.2-1.8 4.4-5.4 2.9-3.0 I.3-1.4 0.9 1.75 1.81 3.0 0.88-0.91 4.67 1.83-1.92 2.2 2.8-3.0 2.0-2.7 2.4 0.86 1.02 1.65-1.78 1.3-1.4 2.3-3.2 2.0-3.1 350-4 7.8-8.0 3-2 3.0 4-9-5:2 3-7-4-1 3.46 3:9-4.1 2.5-2.8 1.6-2.5 1.85-2.3 Ons 28 Phosphorus, white Pitch . Porcelain Porphyry . Potash ; * For elements, see Table 66. Pounds per cubic foot. 230-335 119 TSO-175 180-370 87-93 80 150-200 125-187 120-140 94-112 27 5u305 180-185 80-85 56 10g 114-120 137 175-18 eae 150 54 64 103-III 81-87 144-200 125-190 580-585 489-492 200 187 306-324 231-256 216 243-256 1$7-177 100-156 116-144 61.8-79.9 162 165-200 109 102 99 218 I ea 44-72 54-57 52 He 143-156 rien 141 TABLES 68 (continued) AND 69. DENSITY OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES. 89 TABLE 68 (continued ).— Density of Various Solids. Grammes Pounds Grammes Pounds Substance. per cubic per cubic Substance. per cubic per cubic centimetre. foot. centimetre. : Pyrites Z Z - | 4-9-5-2 306-324 || Snow, loose 3 =| ONL25 Pyrolusite . ; - | 3-7-4. 231-287 ||| Soapstone, Steatite . | 2.6-2.8 Pumice stone sO; ¥ 23-56 Soda: Quartz . : cy | 165 Roasted , Resin ; ° sede 67 Crystalline Rock crystal . : 162 Spathic iron ore Rock salt . ; - | 2.28-2. 142-150 |) Starch Sal ammoniac ol LaS—ae 94-100 |] Stibnite Saltpetre . -| I. ’ 122-130 || Strontianite Syenite . 87-103 || Sugar. : 119-128 |i} Talc ‘ : Sandstone . .0-3. 124-200 || Tallow . . .| O9gI-0. 97 Selenium . . | 4.2—4. 262-300 || Tellurium . ; elo: Serpentine . 43-2. 152-166 |! Tile Shale . : : © | 220 162 Tinstone Silicon ewe? iy le 20-2: 125-156 || Topaz Siliceous earth : 166 Tourmaline Slag, furnace - | 2.0-3: 124-240 || Trachyte Slate . ; « || 2:6=3. 162-205 || Trap . ND RY DM ¢ STO on & Ga | Nn 1OoON e Te 162-170 TABLE 69.— Density or Mass in Grammes per Cubic Centimetre and Pounds per Cubic Foot of Various Alloys (Brasses and Bronzes). Grammes Pounds per cubic per cubic centimetre. foot. Brasses : Yellow, 70Cu ce 30Zn, cast. : 5 : 4 "| 8.44 rolled . : . . . ci 8.56 2. : 983. Ether . . ° . . 1032. NaCl, 10% sol. . : . 1470. Oe atealiSva tier ae : 1530. Opn sn Hilgs ; 1650. Turpentine oil . . : 1326. Water, air-free . : ; 1441. SS aes a : . 1461. Sew aies : . ; 1505. “Lake Geneva : 1435. z Colladon-Sturm. Seine river ; 1437. ; Wertheim. “ “cc ‘ 7 yf I 528. “ “ “ec % R 1724. i “ Gases: Air, dry, COo-free . : ; 331.78 ; Rowland. se . . 331.36 : Violle, 1900. “ COo-free . . : 331.92 : Thiesen, 1908. 1 atmosphere . B 23127 38, Mean. 25 a oh ate ; 332.0 : “ (Witkowski). 50 “ s . ° 334-7 “ “ 100 ss . 7 350.6 ; es a . 344- . 380. 7 Stevens. 553 fe : : : 700. : . Ammonia : . 7 415. ; Masson. Carbon monoxide . . 7 23700 7 Wiullner. ey iH . : ; 337-4 ; Dulong. “<< dioxide: : 7 258.0 : Brockendahl, 1906. “disulphide. . ; 189. 06. Masson. Chlorine . : ; 6 ; 206.4 : Martini. “ tects ; . : 205.3 | 674. Strecker, Ethylene. c . 7 314. 7 Dulong. Hydrogen fc . : 1269.5 . Sat ts : : 1286.4 : Zoch. Illuminating gas . 7 490.4 Methane . : ; 432. : Masson. Nitricioxide.. 4 | stv : 325. : ss Nitrous oxide . : ; 261. : Dulong. Oxygen . ° . . : 317-2 sf Vapors: Alcohol ° : 230.6 56. Masson. Ether.’ \. . . : 179.2 ; Ks Water . c s 401. ‘ ss Sia fs . : 404.8 ; Treitz, 1903. 6“ : 424.4 “ SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLES 82-83. 103 MUSICAL SCALES. The pitch relations between two notes may be expressed precisely (1) by the ratio of their vibration frequencies; (2) by the number of equally-tempered semitones between them (E. S.); also, less conveniently, (3) by the common logarithm of the ratio in (1); (4) by the lengths of the two portions of the tense string which will furnish the notes; and (5) in terms of the octave as unity. The ratio in (4) is the reciprocal of that in (1); the number for (5) is 1/12 of that for (2); the number for (2) is nearly 4o times that for (3). Table 82 gives data for the middle octave, including vibration frequencies for three standards of pitch; a = 435 double vibrations per second, is the international standard and was adopted by the American Piano Manufacturers’ Associa- tion. The ‘“‘just-diatonic scale” of C-major is usually deduced, following Chladni, from the ratios of the three perfect major triads reduced to one octave, thus: A 4 st Sette Ames) Sees 6 4 che F A Cc E G B D 16 20 24 30 36 45 54 24 27 30 32 36 40 45 48 Other equivalent ratios and their values in E. S. are given in Table 83. By transferring D to the left and using the ratio 10 : 12 : 15 thescale of A-minor is obtained, which agrees with that of C-major except that D= 26 2/3. Nearly the same ratios are obtained from a series of harmonics beginning with the eighth; also by taking 12 successive perfect or Pythagorean fifths or fourths and reducing to one octave. Such calculations are most easily made by adding and subtracting intervals expressed in E.S. The notes needed to furnish a just major scale in other keys may be found by successive transpositions by fifths or fourths as shown in Table 83. Disregarding the usually negligible difference of 0.02 E. S., the table gives the 24 notes to the octave required in the simplest enharmonic organ; the notes fall into pairs that differ by a comma, 0.22 E. S. The line “mean tone”’ is based on Dom Bedos’ rule for tuning the organ (1746). The tables have been checked by the data in Ellis’ Helmholtz’s ‘‘ Sensations of Tone.” TABLE 82. Interval. Ratios. Logarithms, Number of Vibrations per second. Tem- pered. Tem- pered. Tem- pered. Just. Just. Just. | Just. | Just. 1.00000 256 | 264 | 258.7 | 258.7 1.05926 274.0 1.12246 297 | 291.0 | 290.3 1.18921 307-6 1.25992 323-4 | 325-9 1.33454 344-9 | 345-3 1.41421 365.8 1.49831 : 388 | 387.5 1.58740 410.6 1.68179 |] . : 431.1 | 4375.0 1.78180 460.9 1.88775 485.0 | 488.3 | 2.00000 | 517-3 | 517-3 TABLE 83. WPAQG PS ww re nN ayy moodd nN hd NO oo oo°o as Harmonic Series Cycle of fifths Cycle of fourths Mean tone Equal 7 step SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 104 ; TaBLe 84. ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY. For Sea Level and Different Latitudes. This table has been calculated from the formula gy = £45 [1 — .002662 cos 26],* where ¢ is the latitude. g g in cms. per . in inches per Log. in feet per Log. sec. per Sec. sec. per sec. sec. per sec. 977-989 2.990334 . 2.585498 | 32.0862 1.506318 8.029 0352 : 5517 0875 6 147 0404 : 5570 0916 0490 . 5655 :0977 0605 : 5771 -1062 2.9907 48 y 2.585914 1168 0913 ; 79 .1290 0949 . 6114 1316 0985 : 6150 1343 1021 : 6187 1370 2. 997059 : 2.586224 -1398 1.507043 1096 : 6262 1425 7080 1135 6300 1454 7119 1173 6339 -1490 7167 1212 6377 ISI 7196 2.991251 | 32%. 2.586417 1540 1.507236 1291 884 6457 1570 7275 1331 : 6496 -1607 7325 1372 ‘ 6537 -1630 7350 1411 6577 -1059 7395 2.991452 : 2.586617 1688 | 1.507436 1492 1062 6657 ‘1719 7476 1532 : 6698 1748 7516 1573 : 6738 -1778 7557 1613 . 6778 -1808 7597 2.991653 7 2.586818 .1838 1.507637 ee : 68 nee 3 cee 1732 : -1896 7716 1772 . “1924 7756 1810 . “1954 7794 2.991849 ; : | 32.1983 1.507833 1887 : 2011 7871 1925 : +2039 7909 1962 : 2067 7946 1998 : 2094 7983 2.992034 : 4 2121 1.508018 2070 576 2147 8054 2234 . 2276 oe 2377 . +2375 301 2492 : .2460 8476 2.992577 . 2.587742 -2523 1.508561 : 7794 2562 8613 7812 s2.5715 8631 * The constant .002662 is based on Harkness’ data (Solar Parallax and Related Constants, Washington, 1891). The acceleration of gravity for any latitude ¢ and elevation above sea level 4 is very nearly expressed by the equation &p=h45 (1—.002662 cos 2) [2 I —a) Is where & is the earth’s radius, 6 the density of the surface strata, and A the mean density of the earth, When =o we get the formula for elevation in air. For ordinary elevations on land — as nearly 4, which gives for the correction at latitude 45° for elevated portions of the parth’s surface ; Fr 2980.6 5% 1235.75 cm. per sec. per sec. &45 4k 9 a 5:75 R Pi Pi = 386.062 X 48a. 562% in, per sec. per sec. 4 =32.1719X 40.2149 feet per sec. per sec. This gives per 100 feet elevation a correction of -00588 cm. per sec. per sec. 00232 in. per sec. per sec. ? diminution. -000193 feet per sec. per sec. SMITHSONIAN TABLES, TaBLeE 85. 105 CRAVITY. In this table the results of a number of the more recent gravity determinations are brought together. They serve to show the degree of accuracy which may be assumed for the numbers in Table 112. _ In general, gravity is a little lower than the calculated value for stations far inland and slightly higher on the coast line. : Gravity, = Latitude. Elevation Sec Refer- N. +, S. —. | in metres. ence. Observed: Reduced to sea level. SINPADOLCH pagel (a) Aine ary, Se oe fe ig 978.08 978.08 Georgetown, Ascension . . . .| —7 5 978.25 978.25 Green Mountain, Ascension. . .| —7 978.10 978.23 Loanda, Angola. . . ....| —8 978.15 978.16 @arolmedslands;. «. . . 2. .«|— 10 978.37 978.37 Bridgetown, Barbadoes . .. . Tg 978.18 978.18 Jamestown, St. Helena . . . .|—15 978.67 978.67 Longwood, “ eee ett (AG 978.53 978.59 Pakaoao, Sandwich Islands. . . 20 978.28 978.85 Lahaina, ss sai h tae cote 20 978.86 978.86 Haiki, SSeabgieer sults 20 978.91 978.93 Honolulu, cc Sa ae sts 21 978.97 978.97 StaGeorgesy Bermuda,» (yi)... 32 979-77 979-77 sidney, Australia 00) eis «|= 33 979-68 979.69 Cape Town. . - . « «. « « . |—33 979.62 979.62 PROKIOSApaNsc, io) bei gee oy apie = Ls 35 979-95 979-95 Auckland, New Zealand . . . .|— 36 979.68 979-69 Mount Hamilton, Cal. (Lick Obs.) 979-06 979.91 ' “cc ; “ “ “ 979.68 979-92 Sanvrrancisco; Call, 95 fe. ave.) 979.96 979.98 “ “ “ Ko poate Sas 980.02 980.04 Washington \Ds C.F. os scp gs) 980.11 980.11 WenversColoivs sobs i sels 979-68 979.98 Marky Paste. Sslinas ley shat. 980.12 980.14 Bbensburghybae as i's he ule) 980.08 980.20 MUeRbenYy shay ish t sys! dey ahh oh 6 980.09 980.15 Hoboken, N. J. . 980.27 980.27 Salt Lake City, Utah . 3 : ; : 979.82 980.05 Chicago, IIl. oh secure 980. 34 980.37 Rampalunay Spain). *' (5 +. 6 980.34 980.42 Montreal;'@anada' ses, < ss. |. 980-73 980.75 Geneva; switzerland. 3, 3 3 . « 980. 5 980.64 se s o Pop oieioitte 980.60 980.66 Berne, ce gay oP lett 980.61 980.69 Zurich, ss Ye Ono age Re 980.67 980.74 Paris, Francer.. i. |« ePeks 980.96 980.97 Kew, England ees 981.20 981.20 Berlin, Germany . ‘ 981.26 981.27 Port Simpson, B.C. . 981.46 981.46 Burroughs Bay, Alaska 981.51 981.51 Wrangell, ss 981.60 981.60 Sitka, 981.69 981.69 St. Paul’s Island, 981.67 981.67 Juneau, 981.74 981.74 Pyramid Harbor, 931.82 981.82 Yakutat Bay, 981.83 981.83 ab mintin nd ONIO HON _ PPRFS HAAR ODWDMOUOO GDnNUNA DADNUAUAUE HHNDHNWWWWNNHKRWNHNAH 1 Smith: “United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Report for 1884,” App. 14. 2 Preston: ‘“ United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Report for 1890,” App. 12. 3 Preston: Ibid. 1888, App. 14. 4 Mendenhall: Ibid. 1891, App. 15. 5 Defforges: ‘“‘Comptes Rendus,” vol. 118, p. 231. 6 Pierce: “U.S. C. and G. S. Rep. 1883,’’ App. 19. oe 7 Cebrian and Los Arcos: ‘Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Commission Perma- nente de l’Association Géodesique International,” 1893. 8 Pierce: “U.S. C. and G. S. Report 1876, App. 15, and 1881, App. 17.” 9 Messerschmidt: Same reference as 7. * For references 1-4, values are derived by comparative experiments with invariable pendulums, the value for Washington taken as 980.111. For the latter see Appendix 5 of the Coast and Geodetic Survey Report for rgo1. SMITHSONIAN TABLESs 106 TABLE 86. SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF THE VALUE OF GRAVITY (g) AT STATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES AND ALASKA.* Station. Latitude. Longitude. Elevation. Pee OMA th Metres. cm./sec.? Calais,;Me.. a, | vs at ier hits . 67 16 54 38 980.630 Boston, Mass. . . 0 71 03 50 22 980.395 Cambridge, Mass. : : Wit 107 -4'5 980.397 Worcester, Mass. ; 71 48 28 980.323 New York, N. Y. c ° 73 57 4 980.266 Princeton, N. J. . ° ° : 74 39 2 980.177 Philadelphia, Pa. : : : 75 II 40 980.195 Ithaca, eN. Wi. 7s. . . > 29 00 980.299 Baltimore, Md. . . . : 37 30 980.096 Washington, C. & G. She “ . 00 32 980.111 Washington, Smithsonian . . . OI 32 980.113 Charlottesville, Wa.) «(suena lectin 30 16 979-937 Deer Park, Md. . 5 . ; 4 19 50 979-934 Charleston, S. C, . : ; : 6 979-545 Cleveland, Ohio. 5 : ‘ . 980.240 Key West, Fla. . ; : ‘ ; é 978.969 Atlanta, Ga. . : : . fs 979-523 Cincinnati, Ohio : . . : 6 980.003 Terre Haute, Ind. . : : : - 980.07 1 Chicago, Il. ° : 3 980.277 Madison, Wis. (Univ. ‘of Wis.) . : . 980.364 New Orleans, La. . ° . : 5 979-323 St. Louis, Mo. . ; : . . ; 980.000 Little Rock, Ark. : ° . 3 : , 979-720 Kansas City, Mo. ; : 5 ; 979.989 Galveston, Tex. . : . : : 3 979.271 Austin, Texas (University) : , : 979.282 Austin, Texas (Capitol) . ; f : 979-287 Ellsworth, Kans : . : : 979-925 Laredo, Tex. . 5 : ° . i 979.081 Wallace, Kan. : d , : 979.7 sf Colorado Springs, Co é ; yl 979.489 Denver, Col. : ; ; oS 979.608 Pike’s Peak, Col. : ‘ ; 5 A 978.953 Gunnison, Col. . : ° ‘ . : 2 979.341 Grand Junction, Col. . ; : ; 979.632 Green River, Utah . : é ° ; 979.635 Grand Canyon, Wyo. . : ¢ : : 979.898 Norris Geyser Basin, Wyo. 5 5 . 979.949 Lower Geyser Basin, Wyo. . 5 é 979.931 Pleasant Valley Jct., Utah. . : : 979.511 Salt Lake City, Utah . ; ; . 7 979.802 Ft. Egbert, Fatle Alaska . ° ‘ 6 982.182 ® All the values in this table depend on relative determination of gravity and an adopted value for gravity at Wash- ington (Coast and Geodetic Survey Office) of 980.111. This adopted value was the result of the determination in 1900 of the relative value of gravity at Potsdam and at Washington. See footnote on previous page. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLES 87-88. 107 LENGTH OF THE SECONDS PENDULUM. TABLE 87. — Length of Seconds Pendulum at Sea Level for Different Latitudes.* Length : Length in centi- Log. Pen Log. | in centi- Log. metres. metres. Length in inches. Log. (a 99.0910 | 1.996034 | 39.0121 | 1.591200 99.4014 | 1.997393 | 39-1344 | 1.5925 58 0950 60 0197 1217 4459 7587 +1520 2753 1079 0184 1270 .4876 7770 1683 2935 1265 .0261 1356 25255 7935 1832 3100 1529 0305 1471 5501 8077 1960 3242 99.1855 | I. 39.0493 | 1.591614 ; 1.998192 | 39.2065 1.593358 2234 .0042 1779 .60 8277 2141 3442 2051 .0806 1962 ; 8329 2188 3494 .3096 .0982 2157 sl 8347 2204 3512 +3555 1163 2357 * Calculated from force of gravity table by the formula 7= g/m, For each 100 feet of elevation subtract 0.000596 centimetres, or 0.000235 inches, or .o000196 feet. TABLE 88. — Length of the Seconds Pendulum.* Wateot Number Correspond- of obser-] Range of latitude included by Length of pendulum in metres ing length Refer- vation the stations. for latitude ¢. of pendulum | ence. stations. for lat. 45° determi- nation. to —33°50’ | 0.990631-++.005637 sin? 0.993450 cyt! 0.9907 43-+.005466sin? 0.993976 “ —60° 4 5/ 0.990880-+-.005340sin? 0.993550 “ —12°59/ | 0,990977-++.005142Sin?@ | 0.993548 si STC 0.991026-++-.005072 sin? 0.993562 “ +67°04’ | 0.990555+.005679sin’?@ | 0.993395 6 51° 35/ 0.991017-+.005087 sin? 0.993560 c—_ P 0.990941 +-.005142 sin? 0.993512 O35 0.990970+.005185sin’p | 0.9935541 —62° 56’ O.99IOLI-+-.005105 sin? p 0.993563 1884 “ —62° 56’ 0.990918-+.005262 sin? » 0.993549 = O10 ON OMARW Ne _— Combining the above results. . . . . 0.990910-+.005290sin’ 0.993555 1 Laplace: “ Traité de Mécanique Céleste,” T. 2, livre 3, chap. 5, sect. 42. 2 Mathieu: “Sur les expériences du pendule;” in “Connaissance des Temps 1816.” Additions, pp. 314-341, Pp. 332. 3 Biot et Arago: “ Recueil d’Observations géodésiques, etc.” Paris, 1821, p. 575. 4 Sabine: “An Account of Experiments to determine the Figure of the Earth, etc., by Sir Edward Sabine.” London, 1825, p. 352. 5 Saigey: “Comparaison des Observations du pendule 4 diverses latitudes; faites par MM. Biot, Kater, Sabine, de Freycinet, et Duperry;” in ‘Bulletin des Sciences Mathé- matiques, etc.,” T. 1, pp. 31-43, and 171-184. . Paris, 1827. 6 Pontécoulant: “ Théorie analytique du Systeme du monde,” Paris, 1829, T. 2, p. 466. 7 Airy: “Figure of the Earth;” in “Encyc. Met.’’ 2d Div. vol. 3, p. 230. 8 Poisson: “ Traité de Mécanique,” T. 1, p. 377; “Connaissance des Temps,” 1834, pp. 32-33; and Puissant: “ Traité de géodésie,” T. 2, p. 464. 9 Unferdinger : “ Das Pendel als geodatisches Instrument ;” in Grunert’s “Archiv,” 1869, - 316. "3 Fischer: “ Die Gestalt der Erde und die Pendelmessungen ;” in “ Ast. Nach.” 1876, col. 87. 11 Helmert: “Die mathematischen und physikalischen Theorieen der hoheren Geo- disie, von Dr. F. R. Helmert,” II. Theil. Leipzig, 1884, p. 241. 12 Harkness. * The data here given with regard to the different determinations which have been made of the length of the seconds pendulum are quoted from Harkness (Solar Parallax and its Related Constants, Washington, 1891). + Calculated from a logarithmic expression given by Unferdinger. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. To8 TaBLe 89. ‘MISCELLANEOUS DATA WITH REGARD TO THE EARTH AND PLANETS.® Length of the seconds pendulum at sea level =/=39.012540+0.208268 sin? ¢ inches. =3-251045+0.017356 sin’ ¢ feet. =0.9909910+0.005290 sin’ ¢ metres. Acceleration produced by gravity per second per second mean solar time. C - =g=32.086528+0.171293 sin’ ¢ feet. =977.9886-+ 5.2210 sin’ ¢ centimetres. 6378388+ 18 metres ; 3963-339 miles. 6356909 metres ; 3949-992 miles. 297.0+0.5 Equatorial radius =a=6378206 metres; 3963-225 miles. Polar semi-diameter =4=6356584 metres; 3949-790 miles. Reciprocal of flattening= — =295.0 2 =u =0.006768658 a? ‘pw4ay gS 2y4D7D bop a Square of eccentricity =e?= 0.0067 237 0.00001 20. Difference between geographical and geocentric latitude= ¢—¢’= 688.2242” sin 2 ¢—1.1482” sin 4+0.0026” sin6¢, Mean density of the Earth=5.5247+0.0013 (Burgess Phys. Rev. 1902). Continental surface density of the Earth =2.67 Harkness. Mean density outer ten miles of earth’s crust=2.40 Moments of inertia of the Earth; the principal moments being taken as 4, B, and C, and C the greater: C—A _ PONE opener died 8 Cn sods 306.259 C—A=0.001064767 Ea?; A= £8=0.325029 La’; C =0.326094 Ea?; where £ is the mass of the Earth and a its equatorial semidiameter, Length of sidereal year=365.2563578 mean solar days; =365 days 6 hours g minutes 9.314 seconds. Length of tropical year=365.242199870—0.0000062124 £185? mean solar days; z—1850 =365 days 5 hours 48 minutes (46.069. 53675 ae ) seconds, Length of sidereal month =27.321661 162—0.00000026240 180° ays; t—1800 100 =27 days 7 hours 43 minutes G 1.524—0.022671 ) seconds. Length of synodical month t—1800 =29.530588435 —0.00000030696 ae days; t—1800 ) seconds. =29 days 12 hours 44 minutes (28 —0.026522 Length of sidereal day = 86164.09965 mean solar seconds. N. B.—The factor containing ¢ in the above equations (the epoch at which the values of the quantities are required) may in all ordinary cases be neglected. * Mostly from Harkness, ‘‘ Solar Parallax and Allied Constants.” SMITHSONIAN TaBLes. TABLE 89 (continued). 109 MISCELLANEOUS DATA WITH REGARD TO THE EARTH AND PLANETS, Masses of the Planets. Reciprocals of the masses of the planets relative to the sun and the mass of the moon relative to the Earth. Mercury = 6000000 Venus = 408000 Earth * = 329390 Mars = 3093500 Jupiter = 1047.35 Saturn = 3501.6 Uranus = 22869 Neptune= _ 19700 Moon = 81.45 Mean distance from earth to sun = 92900000 miles = 149500000 kilometres. Eccentricity of the earth’s orbit = e = 2 0.01675 104 — 0.0000004180 (¢ — 1900) — 0.0000001 26 (=) : Solar parallax = 8.7997” -|. 0.003 (Weinberg, A. N. 165, 1904) ; 8.807 ++ 0.0027 (Hinks, Eros, 7) ; 8.799 (Samson, Jupiter satellites; Harvard observations). Lunar parallax = 3422.08’, Mean distance from earth to moon = 60.2669 terrestrial radii; = 238854 miles; = 384393 kilometres. Lunar inequality of the earth = Z = 6.454”. Parallactic inequality of the moon = Q = 124.80”. ¢—18 Mean motion of moon’s node in 365.25 days = w« = — 19° 21’ 19.6191” + 0.14136” ee) Eccentricity and inclination of the moon’s orbit = e, = 0.05490807. Delaunay’s y = sin } 7 = 0.044886793. L450 08' 43-3540". Constant of nutation = 9.2’. Constant of aberration = 20.4962 + 0.006 (Weinberg, 1. c.).T Time taken by light to traverse the mean radius of the earth’s orbit = 408.82 -| 0.1 seconds (Weinberg) ; 498.64 (Samson). Velocity of light = 186330 miles per second (Weinberg) ; 299870 + 0.03 kilometres per second. General precession = 50.2564” + 0.000222 (¢ — 1900). Obliquity of the ecliptic = 23° 27’ 8.26’ — 0.4684 (¢— 1900). Gravitation constant = 666.07 X 10719 cm3/gr. sec? | 0.16 X 1071. * Earth + moon. + Recent work of Doolittle’s and others indicates a value not less than 20.51. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 1IO TABLE 90. TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM. Secular Change of Declination. Changes in the magnetic declination between 1810, the date of the earliest available observa- tions, and 1910, for one or more places in each state and territory. Station. 1810 | 1820 | 1830 | 1840 | 1850 | 1860 | 1870 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 ° Montgomery : ; : A < 5 ‘ 5 4 2.8E Sitka 29.7E | Kodiak 24.4E Unalaska 18.3E St. Michael 22.1E Holbrook 13.5E Prescott 13.7E Little Rock 6.6E. Los Angeles 14.0E San José 17.8E Redding 18.6E Pueblo | I2.9E Glenwood Sp. | 15.6E Hartford 10.4W | Dover 6.4W Washington 3 ‘ 4.2W Jacksonville , : é I.3E Pensacola ; : z 4.5E Tampa 4 A : 3 4 A 2.3E Macon i rE ; ‘ 2.1E Honolulu ‘i 10.4E Pocatello 17.8E Boise 18.8E Bloomington f 3 3.6E Indianapolis ‘ ; j 1.4E Des Moines if 7.9E Emporia 9.8E Ness City Lexington Princeton Alexandria Eastport Portland Baltimore Boston Pittsfield Marquette Lansing Northome Mankato * Tables have been compiled from United States Magnetic Tables and Magnetic Charts for 1905, published by the Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1908. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 90 (continued). IIt TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM (continued). Secular Change of Declination (continued ). Station. 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 Miss. Jackson Mo. Sedalia Mont. Forsyth Helena Nebr. Hastings Nebr. Alliance Nev. Elko Hawthorne N.H. Hanover N. J. Trenton N.M. Santa Rosa Laguna N. Y. Albany Elmira N. G. Newbern ING. Salisbury N. Dak.| Jamestown Dickinson ‘| Ohio Columbus Okla. Okmulgee Okla. Enid - Sumpter = Detroit 16.7E Philadelphia 2.2W Altoona 0.5W San Juan = Newport 6.6W Columbia 4.4E Huron Rapid City Chattanooga Huntington Houston San Antonio Pecos Floydada os a Salt Lake = = Rutland 6.8W 8.5W Richmond 0.8E o.1W Lynchburg 1.9E | 1.2E Wilson Creek Seattle I9 1E 20.8E | Charleston 2.3E 1.6E Madison ad 8.6E Douglas = _ Green River - - SMITHSONIAN TABLES. I12 TABLES 91-92. TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM (continued). TABLE 91.— Dip or Inclination. This table gives for the epoch January 1, 1905, the values of the magnetic dip, I, corresponding to the longitudes west of Greenwich in the heading and the north latitudes in the first column. Ir5° | 120° a oO oO ° TABLE 92.— Secular Change of Dip. Values of magnetic dip for places designated by the north latitudes and longitudes west of Greenwich in the first two columns for January Ist of the years in the heading. The degrees are given in the third column and minutes in the succeeding columns. pat Vongr 1860 | 1865 | 1870] 1875 | 1880 | 1885 | 1890 | 1895 , 80 39 76 53 68 85 20 28 13 SMITHSONIAN TABLES, TABLES 93-94, 113 TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM (continued). TABLE 93.— Horizontal Intensity. This table gives for the epoch January 1, 1905, the horizontal intensity, H, expressed in C.G.S, units, corresponding to the longitudes in the heading and the latitudes in the first column. II5° 120° | 125° TABLE 94.—Secular Change of Horizontal Intensity. Values of horizontal intensity in C. G. S. units for places designated by the latitude and longi- tude in the first two columns for January 1 of the years in the heading. 1860 | 1865 1885 | 1890 | 1895 | 1900 | I905 | I9IO ° | Latitude. 3086 | .3073 | . 4 : -3008 | .2990 | .2970 | .2949 | .2920 | .2890 .3218 | .3204 | . ‘ : +3143 | -3130 | .3117 | .3104 | «3090 | .3075 2795 | .2788 | . : : .2752 | .2740 | .2725 | .2706 | .2680 | .2644 - |.2961 |. ; : .2891 | .2877 | .2865 | .2850 | .2830 | .2804 -3026 | .3011 | . . : .2952 | -2940 | .2929 | .2920 | .29T0 | .2898 -2379 | .2374 | - é : :2350\| .2352 | .2347 | .2337 | 2320 || .2296 = = : 2458 | 2455 | 2447 | -2437 | .2430 | .2399 — - 5 : .2599 | -2590 | .2583 | .2573 | -2560 | .2544 = - ; .2683 | .2672 | .2663 | .2656 | .2650 | .2644 .1883 | .1891 | . 2 ; 1925 | -1930 | -1931 | .1925 | .1920 | .1909 2086 | .2082 | . 2 : 2074 | .2072 | .2068 | .2060 | .2050 | .2036 = ihe : : 2257 | .2253 | .2248 | .2240 | .2230 | .2217 - =» |" ; : .2406 | .2399 | .2392 | .2386 | .2380 | .2379 oDST49\ ok 525i 6 . 7 .1578 | .1589 | .1600 | .1608 | .1610 | .1610 1485 | .1488 | . : 7 1527 | -1538 | 1546 | .1550 | -1550| .1554 .1635 | .1633 | . 2 : .1624 | .1623 | .1624 | .1623 | .1620 | .1616 - ~ 1916 | .1913 | .1910 | .1906 | .1900 | .1892 -21704:-21020\/.. . : 2127 |/-2120 | 2007 | 210 5)|) 210 Vaznns .1330 | .1328 | . : : agi -1318 | .1321 | .1324 | .1330 | .1335 1826 -1841 | .1840 | . -182I | .1819 | .1820 | .1820 | .1824 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. II4 TABLES 95-96. TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM (continued). TABLE 95.— Total Intensity. This table gives for the epoch January 1, 1905, the values of total intensity, F, expressed in C.G.S. units corresponding to the longitudes in the heading and the latitudes in the first column. ° moO I 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 TABLE 96.— Secular Change of Total Intensity. Values of total intensity in C. G. S. units for places designated by the latitudes and longitudes in the first two columns for January 1 of the years in the heading. (Computed from Tables 92 and 94.) 1855 | 1860 | 1865 | 1870 | 1875 | 1880 +5516 | .5493 | «5467 | -5434 | .5400 | .5364 | - -4935 | -4938 | -4933 | -4925 | .4908 | .4902 +5800 | .5796 | .5790 | -5777 | -5757 | 5720] . — | 5583 | -5570 | -5544 | -5499 | . 5280 | .5269 | .5247 | .5215 | -5194 |. 6063 | .6038 | .5996 | .5946 | . — | -5991 | 5964 | .5942 | . ie 5674 008 — | +§462 | -5433 | -5400 | -53 6220 | .6227 | .6212 | .6182 | . 6258 | .6264 | .6250 | .6226]. - ve 19 5997 — | .5691 | .5670 | .5651 .6167 | .6152 | .6134 | .6107 | . -6413 | .6404 | .6412 | .6363 | . 6457 | .6434 | .6408 | .6386 | | - 0332 5930 | .5918 | .5896 | .5864 | . .6604 | .6566 | .6533 | .6523 | . 6085 | .6071 | .6061 | .6028 | . SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 97. 115 AGONIC LINE. The line of no declination appears to be still mov- ing westward in the United States, but the line of no annual change is only a short distance to the west of it, so that it is probable that the extreme westerly position will soon be reached. I 2 S 4 45 6 7. 8 9 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 116 TABLE 98. PRESSURE OF COLUMNS OF MERCURY AND WATER. British and metric measures. Correct at 0° C. for mercury and at 4° C. for water. Metric MEASURE. BRITISH MEASURE. Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Cms. of : . Inches of : : d He in grammes per in pounds per in grammes per in pounds per 5 sq- cm. sq. inch. & sq. cm. sq- inch. a 8 ee eS u. 13-5956 0.193376 34-533 0.491174 2 27.1912 0.3867 52 69.066 0.982348 40.7868 0.580128 103.598 1.473522 3 4 54-3824 0.773504 138.131 1.964696 5 67.9780 0.966880 172.664 2.455870 6 81.5736 1.160256 207.197 2.947044 95-1692 1.353032 241.730 3.438218 108.7648 1.547008 276.262 3.929392 122.3604 1.740384 310.795 4.420566 135-9560 1.933760 345-328 4-911740 Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure in grammes per in pounds per in grammes per in pounds per Cms. of sq. cm. sq. inch. 2 sq. cm. sq- inch. 2 Inches of O. 1 0.0142234 2.54 0.036127 2 0.0284468 5.08 0.072255 0.0426702 7.62 0.108382 0.0568936 10.16 0.144510 0.071 1170 12.70 0.180637 0.08 53404 15.24 0.216764 0.0995638 17.78 0.252892 0.1137872 20.32 0.289019 0.1280106 22.86 0.325147 0.1422340 25.40 0.361274 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 99. 117 REDUCTION OF BAROMETRIC HEIGHT TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE.* Corrections for brass scale and Corrections for brass scale and Corrections for glass scale and English measure. metric measure. metric measure. Height of a Height of CS Height of a barometer in in inches for barometer in in mm. for barometer in in mm. for inches. temp. F. mm. temp. C, mm. temp. C. 15.0 0.00135 400 0.0651 50 0.0086 16.0 00145 410 0668 0172 17.0 001 54 420 -068 4 0258 17-5 .001 58 430 .0700 -0345 18.0 .00163 440 .07 16 0431 18.5 .00167 450 07 32 0517 19.0 .00172 460 07 49 0003 19.5 00176 0765 0781 0.0689 20.0 0.00181 0797 0775 20.5 00185 0861 21.0 .OO19O 0.0813 0898 21.5 00194 .0830 0934 22.0 -00199 0846 .OO7I 22.5 -00203 .0862 1007 23-0 00208 .0878 23-5 00212 0894 0.1034 O91 1051 24.0 0.00217 .0927 -1068 24.5 00221 0943 -1085 25.0 .00226 0959 1103 25.5 .00231 1120 26.0 .00236 0.0975 “137 26.5 00240 0992 27.0 00245 -1008 0.1154 27.5 .00249 -1024 LEZ 2 -1040 1189 28.0 0.00254 -1056 -1206 28.5 00258 1073 122 29.0 00263 1089 1240 29.2 00265 1105 1258 29.4 00267 1121 29.6 00268 0.1275 29.8 .00270 0.1137 .1292 30.0 00272 1154 -1309 -1170 -1327 30.2 0.00274 .1186 1344 : 00276 1202 1361 30. .00277 1218 1378 30.8 .00279 21235 31.0 00281 1251 0.1464 31.2 00283 1267 1551 31.4 00285 1283 -1639 31.6 .00287 800 -1299 “L728 | * The height of the barometer is affected by the relative thermal expansionofthe mercury and | ' the glass, in the case of instruments graduated on the glass tube, and by the relative expansion of the mercury and the metallic inclosing case, usually of brass, in the case of instruments graduated on the brass case. This relative expansion is practically proportional to the first power of the tem- perature. The above tables of values of the coefficient of relative expansion will be found to give corrections almost identical with those given in the International Meteorological Tables. The numbers tabulated under a are the values of a in the equation Hy = Ay’ —a(t/ —?t) where Ais the height at the standard temperature, 4/’ the observed height at the temperature /’, and a (¢’—7) the correction for temperature. The standard temperature is 0° C. for the metric system and 28°.5 F. for the English system. The English barometer is correct for the temperature of melting ice at a temperature of approximately 28°.5 F., because of the fact that the brass scale is graduated so as to be standard at 62° F., while mercury has the standard density at 32° F. { EXAMPLE.—A barometer having a brass scale gave H = 765 mm. at 25° C.; required, the cor- responding reading at o° C._ Here the value of a isthe mean of .1235 and .1251, or .1243;.°.a(d/—2) = .1243 K 25 = 3.11. Hence Mp = 765 — 3.11 = 761.89. N. B.—Although a is here given to three and sometimes to four significant figures, it is seldom worth while to use more than the nearest two-figure number. In fact, all barometers have not the same values for a, and when great accuracy is wanted the proper coefficients have to be deters mined by experiment. SMITHSONIAN TABLES: 118 TABLE 100. CORRECTION OF BAROMETER TO STANDARD CRAVITY. Observed height of barometer in millimetres. Correction in millime- tres for elevation above sea level in first column and height of barometer in top line. 598 Corrections in hundredths of an inch for elevation above sea level in last column and Height of barometer in bottom ine. Observed height of barometer in inches. _ BmitHsSoNiaAN TABLES. TABLE 101. It9 REDUCTION OF BAROMETER TO STANDARD CGRAVITY.* Reduction to Latitude 45°. — English Scale. N. B. From latitude 0° to 44° the correction is to be subtracted. From latitude go° to 46° the correction is to be added. Height of the barometer in inches. Latitude. Inch. | Inch. | Inch. | Inch. | Inch. | Inch. | Inch. |} Inch. | Inch. | Inch. |"Inch. | Inch, 0.051 | 0.053 | 0.056 | 0.059 | 0.061 | 0.064 | 0.067 | 0.069 | 0.072 | 0.074 | 0.077 | 0.080 0.050 | 0.052 | 0.055 | 0.058 | 0.060 | 0.063 | 0.066 | 0.068 | 0.071 | 0.073 | 0.076 | 0.079 049} .052| .055| .057| .060] .062] .065] .068] .0o70] . : 078 .049| .052] .054] .057] .059] .062] .065] . .070| . : .077 049} .O51| .054] .056] .o59| .o61|] .064 .077 ‘ 069} . 048] O51] .053] .056] .058| .061] .063] . 068} . : 076 0.048 | 0.050 0.055 | 0.058 | 0.060 | 0.063 | 0. 0.068 | 0. 4 0.075 047] .049] . 054] .057| .059] .062| . .067 046] .049| . .054| .056| .o58| .o61| . .066 045} .048] « O53, .O55)|| 057} .000)|| . .065 045 052} .054| .056] .059] .06:| .063 0.044 0.051 | 0.053 | 0.055 | 0.058 | o. 0.062 050] .052] .054| .056| . 061 049] .O51| .053] - : .060 .047| .050| .052| . 2 058 .046| .048] .o50 0.045 | 0.047 | 0.049 7044} 1045) .047 .042] .044] .046 041 | .043] .044 036] .038 034] .036 -033)| 634 031 | .032 027 * “Smithsonian Meteorological Tables,” p. 58. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 120 TABLE 102, REDUCTION OF BAROMETER TO STANDARD CRAVITY.* Reduction to Latitude 45°. — Metric Scale. N. B. — From latitude 0° to 44° the correction is to be subtracted. From latitude go° to 46° the correction is to be added. Height of the barometer in millimetres. Latitude. O° | 90° | 1.38 | 1.49 | 1.60 | 1.65 | 1.70 | 1.76 | 1.81 | 1.86 | 1.92 | 1.97 | 2.02 | 2:08 5 85 1.36 | 1.47 | 1-573) 1:633)0:68)) 2-73 | 1.81 | 1.84 | 1:89] 1:94)|| 1:99 ||| -2104 6 84 | 1.35 | 1-46 | 1.56 | 1.61 | 1.67 | 1.72 | 1.78 | 1.82 | 1.87 | 1.93 | 1.98 | 2:03 vi 83 1.34 |. 1-45 | 1.55 | 1-60 | 1.65 | 1.70 | 1.77 | 1.81 | 1.86 | I-91 | 1.96 | 2:01 8 82 1.33 | 1-43 | 1-54 | 1-59 | 1-64 | 1.69 | 1.76 | 1.79 | 1.84 | 1.89 | 1.94 | 2.00 9 81 1:32 | 1-42 | 52°], F-57062 | 1167074 | 1-77 | 1:82 | 1:87] 1.02 || siho7 LO: | 80 | 1.30 |5.40'| E50] (2-55 )| 1-605] 5.65 | 1:70: 1:75} 1-80) 1.85) |! 1290 os 14 76 1.22 1.32 1.41 1.46 1.50 1355 1.60 1.65 1.69 | 1.74 | 1.79 1.83 15 7S | 2:20:) 1:29) |08eg8a)) 12433) 12489) F252 9/187. | 1.61 | 1.660) 1-71 Ie1775)| eee 16 74 1:17 | 0:26) |;1-35 | 0-40 1.44) 1-40 | 1554 | 4:58 | 1-63 | 1.671.725) ao 17 73 Te05) || e241 032 1-37 |i-40 teas | t.50 | 1554 || 1-59 |! 1.63) 1-68.) orez2 18 72 T02, | 91.20 | F-20, |) 10-34 | 1-38. |) 1-42) | 1-46°| 4-51 | 1-55 || 1:50) | 1eO4ul aos 19 71 1.09 || Ls17' || 1.26) } 1.30) | 4.34 || 1-38 | 1.43 | 1-47 | 1-5 || 1.55, | 1256) |) acO4 20 70 1,063) (1:04) 1.229) 1-267) 1-314) 1351] 1:30),| 1-43)| 1-477) 2.50 yl wep pease 21 69) [1-03 SPT T-1O We23Mt27" |) 1.30. | 1.35 || 1.36 || 1.42 1-46 | coumena 22 638 1.00) [1.07 } 2-15 | 2-19 11.23 |) 1.26 || 1:30 | 1-34") ¥-38 | 1.42; |) 1:46) | aeag 23 67 C1963] ogN amy || euG | her Sal hts 221|) 1-26 bh 2 1.33: || 1-37 | tA) sea! 2 66 93 | 1.00')| (1:07 | 1-10 } \1-14 | 1.18;)|,1.21 | 1.25 | 1-28 | 1.32) pagel 1.30 25 65. | 0.89'| '0.96)| 1.03'| 1:06] 1-10 | 1.13] 1.16 | 1.20 | 1:23 || 1:27-1:30) 1638 26 64 85 | 92 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 1.05 | 1.08 | 1.11 }| 1.15 | 1-18 | 1.21 | 1.25 | “1.28 2 63 81 | .88)| | .94 ].0:97 | 1.00 || :1-03 | 1.06.) I.10 | 1-13: 1.16 | 1.19) a22 28 62 77 | 283 | 89 |.” 202 |0.95,| 0:98 | I-01 | 1:04 | 1-07.) 10 | 1.134 eno 29 61 73\) 279.) <85 |. -87 | 90}, :93 | 0:96 || 0.99 | 11.02 | T:04 || 1.07/ || aero 30 | 60 | 0.69 | 0.75 | 0.80 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 1.04 31 59 205 2270.1 4.75 | 77 Ie OO) 602 2865.1. 207-41) ) 500 |) (MO2H|O:95:| sory, 2 58 SOL, sO) | i070 ‘Wie72 91 P75 Megge i 70. |. -sO2 |. 2O44| MEOOs co ‘ : : : 2699) e710 || 6274. 276 ||| 278) |) B80: |) 82 84 34 56 252) 2501) “60 1) 2627)" 26401) 66/2685) G70 | 472 1 eal 6 78 35 55 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.58 | 0.60 | 0.62 | 0.64 | 0.66 | 0.67 | 0.69 | 0.71 36 | 54 43] 46] -49] 51] -53] +54] 56] -58] -50| 61] 63] .64 37 | 53 | 338) 40 | 44 | 45 | 247 [548] ).50.1 25E |) 253°] 284) gu! meeg 38 | 52 33. | -36] -39| -40] -41] -43] -44] -45 |] -46] .48 | .49] «50 39 | SI 29] -3 | -33} +34] -35] -37] -33] -39] -40] 41] 42] .43 40 50 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.36 41 49 “LOM —c20u |e oor mee 2 s24 | ee25| 26.) 2 22 28 29 2 48 “Tq. || G16. | 207) 9o07 || GekSa eek] MTOM 10 | sezoul oral pened 22 43 47 HO} .10 | IT | 202) .682)| 02) Sag cbs | Aas eee: set 14 44 46 05 | «05 | ..06 | .06)| 1.06.1," 06) | «06 | 407 ||) hoz 4) mo7zulh 207: 07 * “Smithsonian Meteorological Tables,” p. 59. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 103. E21 CORRECTION OF THE BAROMETER FOR CAPILLARITY.* I. METRIC MEASURE. He1cHT oF Meniscus 1n MILLIMETRES. Diameter of tube 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.8 in mm. Correction to be added in millimetres. 2. BRITISH MEASURE. HEIGHT OF MENISCUS IN INCHES. Diameter of tube 01 | .02 | .03 04 | .05 .06 | .O7 in inches. Correction to be added in hundredths of an inch. 6.86 ; 11.56 ~ 3.28 5 5-94 7.85 1.92 : 3-68 4.72 1.26 : 2.30 2.88 0.82 : 1.49 1.85 61 ; 1.02 1.22 ane : 0.68 0.83 -20 47 50 .08 ‘ “gi -40 * The first table is from Kohlrausch (Experimental Physics), and is based on the experiments of Mendelejeff and Gutkowski (Jour. de Phys. Chem. Geo. Petersburg, 1877, or Wied. Beib. 1867). The second table has been calcu- lated from the same data by conversion into inches and graphic interpolation. A number of tables, mostly based on theoretical formule and the capillary constants of mercury in glass tubes in air and vacuum, were given in the fourth edition of Guyot’s Tables, and may be there referred to. They are not repeated here, as the above is probably more accurate, and historical matter is excluded for convenience in the use of the book. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 122 TaBLe 104, AERODYNAMICS. The pressure on a plane surface normal to the wind is for ordinary wind velocities expressed by P= kwav> where & is a constant depending on the units employed, w the mass of unit volume of the air, a the area of the surface and v the velocity of the wind.* Engineers generally use the table of values of P given by Smeaton in 1759. This table was calculated from the formula P= .00492 v? and gives the pressure in pounds per square foot when wv is expressed in miles per hour. The corresponding formula when v is expressed in feet per second is P= .00228 v2. Later determinations do not agree well together, but give on the average somewhat lower values for the coefficient. The value of w depends, of course, on the temperature and the baro- metric pressure. Langley’s experiments give £w = .00166 at ordinary barometric pressure and 10° C. temperature. For planes inclined at an angle a less than go° to the direction of the wind the pressure may be expressed as inl 5o: Table 104, founded on the experiments of Langley, gives the value of 7 for different values of a. The word asfect, in the headings, is used by him to define the position of the plane relative to the direction of motion. The numerical value of the aspect is the ratio of the linear dimension transverse to the direction of motion to the linear dimension, a vertical plane through which is parallel to the direction of motion. TABLE 104. — Values of F, in Equation P, = FaPo. Plane 30 in. X 4.8 in. Plane 12 in. X 12 in. Plane 6 in. X 24 in. Aspect 6 (nearly). Aspect 1. Aspect }. * The following pressures in pounds per square inch show roughly the influence of the shape and size of the resist: ing surface (Dines’ results). The wind velocity was 20.9 miles per hour. The flat plates were j in. thick. Square, sides gin... % «.« 6, «0a 00 aiSiy _blate, Ounydiam: 90° cone atiback ters stale tenant 40 Circle, same area Byhote oe le ale 6 nga “Saniey conevin front 229. 1)s, femop etme) hele Men. Rectangle, 16:in;: bysm.) “so Se fo) Sea Wa ck. eh it ZO S67 vsharp:zoe conejat back: c, fm .« tes 4s jay fo flideee Square, 12 in. sides at Gun letite) Weleumle Mrepiil< 57, S67 (CONG WALTON,” vino) Wella bach eae a a autem onE LGR Circle, same area. . 1 « © © « « «© « « © 3.55 8 in. Robinson cup on 8} in. of fin. rod <9) 7 2 «| 168 Rectangle, 24 in. by 6. © * 6 «6 ‘1's, 3869.0 s9ame, with back to Wind)... «joi. 2 leu enn cairo iieinee IO ae Square, sides i6in. . . . a iat Memeren ate . 4252 Qlin.icupion 64 in. of finvrod:. > 5 <<, io 1c, se key Plate, 6 in. diam. 43 thick . a ae ffs Ue apts, ote4e) (Same, with!back:toiwind) "..cunsleculedte seve mrsmtO:CO Ditto, curved side towind . . . + « « » » + 0.92 23in,cupong}in, of fin. rod . « + « + + + 2.60 Sphere,Gin. diam. . . . s © « « « «ws 0,67 ‘Same, with\backito wind 4) ioc) 6. 6 6 eel (ac04 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Tas_e 105. 123 AERODYNAMICS. On the basis of the results given in Table 104 Langley states the following condition for the soaring of an aeroplane 76.2 centimetres long and 12.2 centimetres broad, weighing 500 grammes, —that is, a plane one square foot in area, weighing 1.1 pounds. It is supposed to soar in a horizontal direction, with aspect 6. TABLE 105. — Data for the Soaring of Planes 76.2 X12.2 cms. weighing 500 Grammes, Aspect 6. Weight of planes of like form, capable of soaring at speed v with the ex- Inclination penditure of one horse to the hori- power. zontal a. Work expended per minute (activity). Soaring speed v, Metres per Feet per | Kilogramme eet mao: reat Kilogrammes. Pounds. 24 “ep _ _ weight In general, if p= aa Soaring speed v= / ae Activity per unit of weight =v tana The following data for curved surfaces are due to Wellner (Zeits. fiir Luftschifffahrt, x., Oct. 1893). Let the surface be so curved that its intersection with a vertical plane parallel to the line of motion is a parabola whose height is about 7 the subtending chord, and let the surface be bounded by an elliptic outline symmetrical with the line of motion. Also, let the angle of incli- nation of the chord of the surface be a, and the angle between the direction of resultant air pressure and the normal to the direction of motion be 8. Then 6 (e, eine: es: 6) ‘ols * Quoted from a paper by Jenkin and Ewing, ‘‘ Phil. Trans. R. S.’’ vol. 167. In this paper it is shown that in cases where “‘ static friction ’’ exceeds “‘ kinetic friction ’’ there is a gradual increase of the coefficient of friction as the speed is reduced towards zero. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TaBLe 107. 125 VISCOSITY. The coefficient of viscosity is the tangential force per unit area of one face of a plate of the fluid which is required to keep up unit distortion between the faces. Viscosity is thus measured in terms of the temporary rigidity which it gives to the fluid. Solids may be included in this definition when only that part of the rigidity which is due to varying distortion is considered. One of the most satisfactory methods of measuring the viscosity of fluids is by the observation of the rate of flow of the fluid through a capillary tube, the length of which is great in comparison with its diameter. Poiseuille* gave the following formula for calculating the viscosity coefficient in this case: p= a, where % is the pressure height, » the radius of the tube, s the density of the fluid, v the quantity flowing per unit time, and / the length of the capillary part of the tube. The liquid is supposed to flow from an upper to a lower reservoir joined by the tube, hence % and / are different. The product 4s is the pressure under which the flow takes place. Hagen- bach? pointed out that this formula is in error if the velocity of flow is sensible, and suggested a correction which was used in the calculation of his results. The amount to be subtracted from y2 h, according to Hagenbach, is dane where ¢ is the acceleration due to gravity. Gartenmeister } points out an error in this to which his attention had been called by Finkener, and states that the 2 quantity to be subtracted from % should be simply ar and this formula is used in the reduction of his observations. Gartenmeister’s formula is the most accurate, but all of them nearly agree if the tube be long enough to make the rate of flow very small. None of the formule take into account irregularities in the distortion of the fluid near the ends of the tube, but this is probably negligible in all cases here quoted from, although it probably renders the results obtained by the “viscosimeter ’” commonly used for testing oils useless for our purpose. The term “ specific viscosity” is sometimes used in the headings of the tables; it means the ratio of the viscosity of the fluid under consideration to the viscosity of water at a specified tem- perature. The friction of a fluid is proportional to the size of the rubbing surface, to a, where v is the velocity of motion in a direction perpendicular to the rubbing surface, and to a constant known as the viscosity. Variation of Viscosity of Water, with Temperature. Dynes per sq. cm. Temp.| Poiseville. Slotte. | Thorpe-Rogers. | Specific || Temp.} Slotte. | Thorpe-Rogers.| Specific (oe 1846. 1883. 1894.§ viscosity. Cc 1883. 1894. Viscosity. 0° | 0.01716 0.01808} 0.01778 1.000 55° |0.00510| 0.00506 5 OUST Sis |e O15 24 .O1510 849 6 00472 .00468 10 201300) ||. 01314 .01 303 733 .00438 00436 15 .O1146 | . .O1I44 O11 34 638 .00408 .00406 20 01008 | . .01008 .O1002 504 00382 00380 25 .00897 | . .00896 .oo891 .501 00358 00356 00803 | .« .00803 00798 449 00337 00335 200720" ||": .007 24 .007 20 : 00318 00316 00653 | . .00657 00654 368 00301 .00299 00595 | .« .00602 .00597 -330 00285 00283 = 00553 00548 -308 * ‘“Comptes rendus,’”’ vol. 15, 1842; ‘‘ Mém. Serv. tr.” 1846, t+ “ Pogg. Ann.” vol, 109, 1860. $ “ Zeitschr. Phys, Chem.’ vol. 6, 1890. § Thorpe and Rogers, “ Philos. Trans,”’ 185A, 1894; ‘‘ Proc. Roy. Soc.” 55, 1894. SMITHSONIAN TABLES, 126 TaBLEes 108-110. VISCOSITY. TABLE 108. — Solution of Alcohol in Water.* Coefficients of viscosity, in C. G. S. units, for solution of alcohol in water. Percentage by weight of alcohol in the mixture. 75-75 87.45 0.0407 | 0.0294 0344 0250 .0292 .022 0250 0195 0215 O172 0.0187 | 0.0152 0163 0135 .O144 .O120 .O127 -O107 0113 -0097 0.0102 | 0.0088 00g 0086 0083 0073 The following tables (152-153) contain the results of a number of experiments in the viscosity of mineral oils derived from petroleum residues and used for lubricating purposes. t TABLE 109. — Mineral Oils.+ TABLE 110. — Oils. Sp. viscosity. Water at 20° -—TI, © Flashing QO point. 19° C., water ° Flashing Viscosity at at 19° C. QO point. Cylinder oil . Machine oil. . Wagon oil “ 6 Naphtha residue IOS ofan in oA Oleo-naphtha “c “ Olive oil . Whale oil “ “ce * This table was calculated from the table of fluidities given by Noack (Wied. Ann. vol. 27, p. 217), and shows a one for a solution containing about 4o per cent of alcohol. A similar result was obtained for solutions of acetic acid. + Table 152 is from a paper by Engler in Dingler’s “ Poly. Jour.” vol. 268, p. 76, and Table 153 is from a paper by Lamansky in the same journal, vol. 248, p. 29. The very mixed composition of these oils renders the viscosity a very uncertain quantity, neither the density nor the flashing point being a good guide to viscosity. + The different groups in this table are from different residues, SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 111. 127 VISCOSITY. This table gives some miscellaneous data as to the viscosity of liquids, mostly referring to oils and paraffins. The viscosities are in C. G. S. units. Coctistent Temp ° : C Authority. viscosity. Cent. © ¥ Ammonia : 0.0160 11.9 Poiseuille. ss 0.0149 14.5 ¢ Anisol . O.OIII Gartenmeister. Glycerine 42.20 : Schottner. S 25.18 : oe 13.87 § . - 8.30 vm . . 4.94 Glycerine and water 7.437 . st 1.021 0.222 0.092 “ “cs 4“ “ sc Glycol : 0.0219 ; Arrhenius. Mercury * 0.0184 Koch, “ 7 0.0170 s s . 0.0157 : ss ag 0.0122 ; * s 0.0102 : ‘ s§ 0.0093 ; st Meta-cresol 0.1878 : Gartenmeister. Olive oil . . 0.9890 Brodmann. Paraffins: Decane . 0.0077 ‘| Bartolli & Stracciati. Dodecane . ; 0.0126 “s “ Heptane . 0.0045 a Hexadecane 0.0359 6 Hexane’ © - 0.0033 se Nonane . 0.0062 as Octane . 0.0053 Pentane . 0.0026 Pentadecane 0.0281 Tetradecane . 0.0213 Tridecane . 0.0155 Undecane . 00095 Petroleum (Caucasian) 0.0190 Petroff. Rape oil ; O. E. Meyer. ‘ “ “ “ “ “ . . “ “ y “ * Calculated from the formula 4 = .017 — .000066# + o000002 1/2 — .oooo0000025f (vide Koch, Wied. Ann. vol. 14 p- 1). SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 128 TABLE 112. VISCOSITY. This table gives the viscosity of a number of liquids together with their temperature variation. The headings are temperatures in Centigrade degrees,and the numbers under them the coeffi- cients of viscosity in C. G. S. units.* | Temperature Centigrade. Liquid. Reference. Acetates: Methyl Ethyl Propyl Allyl Amyl Acids: Formic Acetic Propionic Butyric Valeric Salicylic - |. Alcohol : Methyl .0081 3}. Ethyl .01770]. Propyl .03882 | .02 Butyric 05185 | . Allyl 02144]. Isopropyl 104564 | - Isobutyl .08038 | . Amyl (op.-inac.) | .08532 | - Aldehyde oe 7 Aniline - Benzole 00902 | . Bromides: Ethyl .00478 | . Propyl 00645 | - Allyl 00619 |. Ethylene 02435 |- Carbon bisulphide .00429 |. : : : - Carbon dioxide (liq.) .00099 | - : = Chlorides: Propyl .004 36 | . : ; y - Allyl .00402 | . - Ethylene .O1128 | . : : : .00576 | . Chloroform .00700 | . : : : 00390 Ether =P ie ‘ = Ethylbenzole .0087 4 | « ; : : .00477 |. Ethylsulphide 00559 |. ; ; : .00331 | . Iodides: Methyl 00594 | . = Ethyl .00719 | .00645 | . : : 00444 | . Propyl .00938 | .00827 | . : Bila 00544 | . Allyl 00930 |. ; : : .00534 |. Metaxylol .00802 |. : : 3 .00444 |. Nitrobenzene - .O124 Paraffines: Pentane 00283]. .00232 | . = Hexane 00396 } . : : : 00241 | .002 Heptane .00519]. : 5 . 00303 | .00253 | .00214 Octane .00703 | . : : 8 | 002 .00386 | . .00266 Isopentane .00273 |. ~ Isohexane .00371 | « E : : .00226 - Isoheptane .00477 |. : ; y .00282 |. .00200 Propyl aldehyde - |. : Toluene 00768 | . A ‘ : .00420 | .00348 | .00292 ° Oo N 2 Ww PR RAPA H AAA AA AAUMBAAAARAABRWW DN HWHN HR HR RHP HAAHA HAAR HALAL 1 Pribram-Handl, Wien. Ber. 78, 1878, 80, 1879, 84, Soc. 55, 1894, 60, 1896; Jour. 1881. Chem. Soc. 71, 1897; Chem. News, 75, 1897. 2 Gartenmeister, Zeitschr. Phys. Chem. 6, 1890. 5 Wijkander, Wied. Beibl. 3, 1879. 3 Rellstab, Diss. Bonn, 1868. 6 Warburg-Babo, Wied. Ann. 17, 1882. 4 Thorpe-Roger, Philos. Trans. 185 A, 1894, 189 A, * Calculated from the specific viscosities given in Landolt & Bérnstein’s Phys. Chem. Tab. For inorganic acids, see Solutions. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 113. 129 VISCOSITY OF SOLUTIONS. This table is intended to show the effect of change of concentration and change of temperature on the viscosity of solutions of salts in water. The specific viscosity X 100 is given for two or more densities‘and for several tem- peratures in the case of each solution. m stands for specific viscosity, and ¢ for temperature Centigrade. Percentage by weight of salt in solution, Density. 7.60 15.40 24.34 2.98 5-24 15.17 31.60 39-75 44.09 17-55 30.10 40.13 11.09 16.30 24-79 7.81 15.71 22.36 7-14 14.66 22.01 7-97 14.86 22.27 8.28 15.96 24.53 7:24 14.16 21-17 12.01 21.35 33°93 18.99 26.68 46.71 6.79 12.57 17-49 8.14 16.12 23-04 0.23 3°55 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 130 TABLE 113 (continued). VISCOSITY OF SOLUTIONS. Percentage by weight of salt in solution. 8.37 I2.20 28.31 7:87 15.50 23-43 10.23 22.21 14.02 23.16 34-64 8.42 17.01 33-03 45.98 54.00 3-51 5-69 6.32 12.19 17.60 5.17 9-77 11.93 19.61 24.26 : Re) : Slotte. 32.78 . 3. Sprung. 4.71 : : : : Slotte. 6.97 f “ 7:76 . . Sprung. 13:00 | “ 26.93 Mg(NOs)2 18.62 | 1.102 eOMie2 : : Wagner. ee 34- 19 “ 39:77 MgSO, 4.98 : ; Sprung. “ac 9. 50 “ “ “ 66 MgCrO4 “ MnCl. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 113 (continued). 131 VISCOSITY OF SOLUTIONS. Percentage : by weight i of salt in | Density. Authority. solution. 18.31 1.148 ; 3 z Wagner. 29.60 1.323 ‘ 8S. : s 49.31 1.500 11.45 1.147 18.80 1.251 22.08 1.306 7:95 a 14.31 23.22 D0 18.58 27.27 8.83 17.15 35.69 55:47 bb 0 GH aj nb oN tin CNINT ‘oO CNT MOO TOW AH 11.50 20.59 33:54 7:25 12.36 18.20 SESS _ oon N 00 CONT HNI AU NON (NH4)2SO4 “ SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 132 TABLE 113 (continued). VISCOSITY OF SOLUTIONS. Percentage by weight of salt in solution. Density. Authority. (NH4)2CrO4 10.52 Slotte. 19.75 é 28.04 (NH4)2Cr207 6.85 a 13-00 rr 19.93 NiCle 11.45 rs 22.69 es 30.40 ha o- Winn Os nN CON N 0O 00 [ooo e) orn Ni(NOs)2 16.49 ‘ 30.01 “ 40.95 r= nN COUN WwW On cons Rak NiSO4 10.62 lon) D9 eS 18.19 f 25-35 Pb(NOs)a 17.93 " 32.22 Sr(NOs)q } 10.29 § 21.19 “cc 32.61 ZnClg 15.33 _ 23-49 ‘ 33-78 Zn(NOs3)2 15.95 S 30.23 “ 44.50 ZnSO4 7.12 ss 16.64 “ 23-09 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 114, E33 SPECIFIC VISCOSITY.* Normal solution. Ci 5 ° * 3 p = Dissolved salt. Authority. viscosity. viscosity Specifie viscosity Density Specific viscosity Acids: Cl,O3_ . 1.0562 | I. .003 | I. 1.000 | 1.0074 | 0.999 | Reyher. HCl. . T0177 |i 1. : : 1.017 | 1.0025 | 1.009 ‘ HC1Og . .| 1.0485 | 1. 025] I. 1.014 | 1.0064 | 1.006 HNOg . .| 1.0332 | 1. : 1.005 | 1.0044 | 1.003 H2SO04 ~ -| 1.0303 | 1. ‘ 1.022 | 1.0035 | 1.008 Aluminium sulphate | 1.0550 | 1. : 1.082 | 1.0068 | 1.038 Barium chloride . . | 1.0884 | 1. 5 1.026 | 1.0114 | 1.013 |! 1.0755 : 1.042 | 1.0096 | 1.019 Sea esulphatey. ('))1-07:73 : 1.075 | 1.0017 | 1.032 Potassium chloride . | 1.0466 z 0.990 } 1.0059 | 0.993 ss chromate | 1.0935 : 1.022 | 1.0121 | 1.012 sf nitrate .| 1.0605 : 0.987 | 1.0075 | 0.992 sulphate | 1.0664 : 1.021 | 1.0084 | 1.008 Sodium chloride. .| I.o4o1 : 1.024 | 1.0056 | 1.013 «bromide. .| 1.0786 : 1.015 | 1.0100 | 1.008 chlorate) =3//'1:07.10 : 1.022 }| I.0092 | 1.012 e nitrate . .| 1.0554 : 1.012 | 1.0071 | 1.007 Silver nitrate. . .| 1.1336 1.006 } 1.0173 | 1.000 Strontium chloride . | 1.0676 1.034 | 1.0084 | I.014 s nitrate .| 1.0822 1.024 | I.0104 | 1.011 Zinc chloride . . «| 1.0590 1.053 | 1.0077 | 1.024 Re nutrate! =. = =| T0750 1.039 ] 1.0096 | 1.019 “ sulphate. . .| 1.0792 1.082 | 1.0094 | 1.036 * Tn the case of solutions of salts it has been found (vide Arrhennius, Zeits. fiir Phys. Chem. vol. 1, p. 285) that the specific viscosity can, in many cases, be nearly expressed by the equation 7p”, where p, is the specific viscosity for a normal solution referred to the solvent at the same temperature, and 7 the number of gramme molecules in the solution under consideration. The same rule may of course be applied to solutions stated in percentages instead of gramme molecules. The table here given has been compiled from the results of Reyher (Zeits. fiir Phys. Chem. vol. 2, P- 749) and of Wagner (Zeits. fiir Phys, Chem. vol. 5, p. 31) and illustrates this rule. The numbers are all for 25° C. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 134 Substance. Acetone Air “ Alcohol: Methyl se Ethyl Propyl, norm. Isopropyl Butyl, norm. 4 Isobutyl . Tert. butyl Ammonia . : Argon . “ec Benzole ; i 4 Carbon bisulphide “dioxide monoxide 6 Chlorine “ 1 Puluj, Wien. Ber. 69, (2), 1874. 2 Breitenbach, Ann. Phys. 5, 1go1. 3 Steudel, Wied. Ann. 16, 1882. 4 Graham, Philos. Trans. Lond. 1846, ITI. 5 Schultze, Ann. Phys. (4), 5, 6, 1901. * The values here given were calculated from Koch’s table (Wied. Ann. vol. 19, p. 869) by the formula “ = 489 [1+ 746 (t—270)]. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 115, VISCOSITY OF GASES AND VAPORS. The values of u given in the table are 10° times the coefficients of viscosity in C. Substance. Chloroform 6 “ Ether “ce itd Ethyl iodide Helium “ “ Hydrogen 4 | Methane . Methyl iodide . “chloride Nitrogen . ee “ Oxygen Water vapor “ “ 6 Schumann, Wied. Ann. 23, 1884. 7 Obermayer, Wien. Ber. 71, (2a), 1875. 8 Koch, Wied. Ann. 14, 1881, 19, 1883. 9 Meyer-Schumann, Wied. Ann. 13, 1881. TABLE 116. COEFFICIENT OF VISCOSITY OF GASES. Temperature Coefficients. 135 If w:=the viscosity at 7° C., wo—=the vicosity at 0°, a= the coefficient of expansion, B, y, and uw = coefficients independent of ¢, then (1) pr=o(I-Faz)n. (11) =po(1-+8¢). (Meyer, Obermayer.) (III) =po(I-bat)4(1-+y72)2. (Schumann.) G 1-++ — (IV) =po aA Bs (Sutherland.) G 273 It 7 Air ce 4“ Argon. ‘e ¥ Benzole Carbon dioxide “ “ “cc “cc monoxide Ether . Ethylene “ “ chloride Helium “ “ Hydrogen Mercury Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Oxygen t Holman, Proc. Amer. Acad. 12, 1876; 21, 1885; Philos. Mag. (5) 3, 1877; 21, 1886. 0.003665 003665 004 .003701 003701 003665 004158 003665 .003900 00366 003665 003665 003719 2 Breitenbach, Wied. Ann. 5, got. 3 Schultze, Ann. Phys. (4) 5, rgot. 4 Rayleigh, Proc. Roy. Soc. 62, 1897; 66, 1900; 67, 1900. n=0.754; C=I111.3 u=0.815; C=150.2 n=0.8227, C=109.9 n=0.8119 y¥=0.00185 C= 239.7 = 0.000889 B=0.00348; 77=0.941 B=0.00269; 70.738 n=0.94 = 225.9 B=0.00350; 20.958 B=0.00381 ; 20.9772 A2—O,0olsO— 72:2 n=0,0852; C=80.3 2=0.6771 CF 7, 2—OOSTs! C— 72.2 A—=T6 B=0.00269 ; 70.738 B=0.00345; 720.929 R—OVS23 | G—120:2 (Meyer, Obermayer, Puluj, Breitenbach.) 15.0-99.7 99.7-152.9 15-100 14.7-99-7 99.7-183.7 18.7-100 S360 —21.5-53.5 17.5-53-5 0-30.5 —21.5-53.5 15-6-157.3 O-15.0 15-3-99.6 99.6-184.6 273-380 —21.5-53.5 —21.5-100.3 5 Schumann, Wied. Ann. 23, 1884. 6 Breitenbach, Ann. Phys. 5, rgot. 7 Obermayer, Wien. Ber. 73 (2A), 1876. 8 Puluj, Wien. Ber. 78 (2), 1878. g Schultze, Ann. Phys. (4) 6, Igor. 10 Koch, Wied. Ann. 19, 1883. Compiled from Landolt-Bornstein-Meyerhoffer’s Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Whe AN QiWwwbp & NOOO ~ = -_ N Of RWWA - a -_ 136 TABLE 117. DIFFUSION OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION INTO PURE WATER. If & is the coefficient of diffusion, dS the amount of the substance which passes in the time d/, at the place x, through g sq. cm. of a diffusion cylinder under the influence of a drop of concen- tration dc / dx, then oP a@S = —kg — dt. ax | c & depends on the temperature and the concentration. c gives the gram-molecules per litre. | The unit of time is a day. Substance. Py oO ~ Substance. Refer- ence Bromine . . oy On [ores Chlorine . ‘ ctl Ressalgnee Copper sulphate. 7 Glycerine ; : 10.14 Hydrochloric acid . 19.2 fodines-—. : : 12. Nitric acid . ; 19.5 Potassium chloride . 17.5 fs hydrate . 13.5 Silver nitrate . ; 12: Sodium chloride . 15.0 Urea : : ; 14.8 Acetic acid. * 10:2) 13.5 Barium chloride 8. Glycerine : : 10.1 Sodium actetate . 12: 48 chloride 9 7. 15.0 Urea : ‘ * 14.8 Aceticacid . -O)| 02 Ammonia . ‘ 15.23 Formic acid . ; 12, Glycerine ; : 10.14 1} Hydrochloric acid . 12. Magnesium sulphate Ts Potassium bromide. 10. ss hydrate . 12: Sodium chloride. 15.0 “ec “ce R 3 14.3 es hydrate. 12. < iodide ; 10. Sugar. : 7 12s Sulphuric acid ; 12. Zinc sulphate . : 14.8 Acetic acids: =| 250) rs Calcium chloride . 10. Cadmium sulphate . 19.04 Hydrochloric acid . 2) Sodium iodide ; 10. Sulphuric acid : 12. Zinc acetate. : 18.05 6h 6c 5 ‘ 0,04 Aceticacid . = 1.3.03) 12. Potassium carbonate 10. . hydrate . 12: Acetic acid . «| 4x0; TS. Potassium chloride. 10. Calcium chloride . : 0.70 “cs “ec “ 5 i 0.72 . Seale - : 0.64 = es : . | 0.68 Copper sulphate. : 24 1023 a ca < : <2 0-20 “ oe ; A i 0.33 “ “ : : y iS 0.47 Glycerine : 2 0.354 be ‘ : : 0.345 se ; ‘ : 0.329 se : ° : 0.300 Hydrochloric acid . a5l2og “ “ 4 2.67 2.12 2.02 : 1.84 Magnesium sulphate | 2. 5 | 0.28 “ec “é » 0.32 s Sie: : : 0.27 “ “ce ie i 0.34 Potassium hydrate . : 72 6“ 6 e 1.70 ee ; 37 A 1.70 nitrate . 4 6 | 0.89 . . . : 1.10 ‘f : ; : 1.26 : ; : 1.28 sulphate oO. : 0.79 a : oes 6 | 0.86 id = |, 20:05 : 0.97 “ « i) 10:02 : 1.01 | Silver nitrate . 3.9 2) 0-535 . 4 . Ba) (8) : 0.88 se i: : | 0.02 - 1.035 Sodium chloride .]| 2/8 .33 | 1-013 cs so Fs By cy fee) : 0.996 6/8 : 0.980 10/8 : 0.948 14/8 3 0.917 9.85 8. 2.36 4.85 : 1.90 2.85 : 1.60 0.85 : 1.34 0.35 7 1.32 0.005 | 18. 1.30 ~ ne RPANDIOODNADHO DHO DADMNW WN DADA QYUNN QW NUWFP RW NNHNNNANWDN Euler, Wied. Ann. 63, 1897. 5 Kawalki, Wied. Ann. 52, 1894; 59, 1896. Thovert, C. R. 133, 1901; 134, 1902. 6 Arrhenius, Zeitschr. Phys. Chem. to, 1892. Heimbrodt, Diss. Leipzig, 1903. 7 Abegg, Zeitschr. Phys. Chem. 11, 1893. Scheffer, Chem. Ber. 15, 1882; 16, 1883; 8 Schuhmeister, Wien. Ber. 79 (2), 1879. Zeitschr. Phys. Chem. 2, 1888. g Seitz, Wied. Ann. 64, 1898. Compiled from Landolt-Boérnstein-Meyerhoffer’s Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen. SMITHSONIAN TABLEs., TABLE 118. 137 DIFFUSION OF VAPORS. Coefficients of diffusion of vapors in C. G. S. units. The coefficients are for the temperatures given in the table and a pressure of 76 centimetres of mercury.* kt for vapor | ke for vapor | Ke for vapor Temp. C diffusing ee diffusing into | diffusing inte hydrogen. air. carbon dioxide. Vapor. ° Acids: Formic 0.0 0.5131 0.1315 « : 65.4 0.7873 0.2035 S. ; 84.9 0.8830 0.2244 Acetic : 0.0 0.4040 0.1061 & : 65.5 0.6211 0.1578 alae 95.5 0.7451 0.1965 Isovaleric 0.0 0.2118 0.0555 s 98.0 0.3934 0.1031 Alcohols: Methyl 0.0 0.5001 O1E325 tc 25.6 0.6015 0.1620 s6 49.6 0.67 38 0.1809 Ethyl 0.0 0.3806 0.0994. . 40.4 0.5030 0.1372 ‘ : 66.9 0.5430 0.1475 Propyl 0.0 0.3153 0.0803 e : 66.9 0.4832 0.1237 si 83-5 0.5434 0.1379 Butyl 0.0 0.2716 0.0681 . 99.0 0.5045 0.1265 Amyl 0.0 0.2351 0.0589 se 99.1 0.4302 0.1004. Hexyl 0.0 0.1998 0.0499 4 99.0 0.3712 0.0927 IBENZENC ss: |) ce 0.0 0.2940 0.07 51 ‘ : , 19.9 0.3409 0.0877 ¢ a 45.0 0.3993 O.IOII Carbon disulphide 0.0 0.3690 0.0883 , . 0.4255 O.1O15 “ “ , 32.8 0.4626 0.1120 Esters: Methyl acetate . 0.0 0.3277 0.0840 S S . ; 0.3928 0.1013 Ethyl <¢ : 0.0 0.2373 0.0630 fs 6 : 40.1 0.3729 0.0970 Methyl butyrate. : 0.0 0.2422 0.0640 rs ‘ ; 0.4308 0.1139 Ethyl a : 0.0 0.2238 0.0573 & s 96.5 0.4112 0.1064 6. valerate . 0.0 0.2050 0.0505 * 97-6 0.3754 0.0932 0.0 0.2960 0.0775 0.3410 0.0893 0.6870 0.1980 1.0000 0.2827 1.1794 0.3451 * Taken from Winkelmann’s papers (Wied. Ann. vols. 22, 23, and 26). The coefficients for o° were calculated by Winkelmann on the assumption that the rate of diffusion is proportional to the absolute temperature. According to the investigations of Loschmidt and of Obermeyer the coefficient of diffusion of a gas, or vapor, at o° C. and a pressure of 76 centimetres of mercury may be calculated from the observed coefficient at another temperature and pressure by the formula 4, =p (4/ E, where 7 is temperature absolute and # the pressure of the gas. The exponent 2 is found to be about 1.75 for the permanent gases and about 2 for condensible gases. The following are examples: Air—CO,, ”= 1.968; CO,—N,O, 2=2.05; CO,—H, 2=1.742; CO—O, x=1.785; H—O, n=1.755; O—N, x=1-792. Winkelmann’s results, as given in the above table, seem to give about 2 for vapors diffusing into air, hydrogen or carbon dioxide. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 138 TABLES 119-119. DIFFUSION OF GASES, VAPORS, AND METALS. TABLE 119. — Coefficients of Diffusion for Various Gases and Vapors.* Temp. | Coefficient Gas or Vapor diffusing. Gas or Vapor diffused into. OG: lofDiffuson! Authority. 0.661 Schulze. 0.1775 Obermayer. 0.1423 Loschmidt. 0.1360 Waitz. 0.1405 Loschmidt. 0.1314 Obermayer. 0.5437 rs 0.1405 of 0.0983 Loschmidt. 0.1802 a 0.0995 Stefan. 0.1314 Obermayer. O.101 e 0.6422 Loschmidt. 0.1802 $ 0.1872 Obermayer. 0.0827 Stefan. 0.3054 es 0.6340 Obermayer. 0.5384 s 0.6488 0.4593 0.4863 0.6254 0.5347 0.6788 0.1787 0.1357 0.7217 Loschmidt. 0.1710 Obermayer. 0.4828 Loschmidt. 0.2390 Guglilemo. 0.2475 we 0.8710 G PAI Vek dei eens Hydrogen ss Bie is Biwiege ; Oxygen Carbon dioxide > EATS Gc “ec “ “ Carbon monoxide Hydrogen Methane. .. Nitrous oxide . ; ; Oxygen \.77-. . Carbon disulphide dh oc ATI als gel ons Carbon monoxide .. Carbon dioxide is cs ate Ethylene . <)ale Hydrogen . Oxygen there. jee vig. % IANTES. Doiste coe eee ee 5 Hydrogen Fil ROS en aeumcn el of ae ASIN) Wrouls tetera se aihie: obs Carbon dioxide “ monoxide Ethane Ethylene . Methane . Nitrous oxide . Oxygen Nitrogen . ee : ef sien ks Oxyeeree bse) eee Carbon dioxide “ sabia. sombre Eee Hydrogen cLWe heater ola Nitrogen . Sulphur dioxide . . c Hydrogen Water cavalier suiteeox “ce mmmoooo0o0c0ccc0Cn0CKoOAOOoOMOMOMoOMOOMOMoOoOOoOOoO00 0 — * Compiled for the most part from a similar table in Landolt & Bérnstein’s Phys, Chem. Tab. TABLE 119 A. — Diffusion of Metals into Metals. dv d*v__ where «x is the distance in direction of diffusion; v, the degree of concentration of dt dx%’ the diffusing metal; ¢, the time; 4, the diffusion constant = the quantity of metal in grammes diffusing through a sq. cm. in a day when unit difference of concentra- tion (gr. per cu. cm.) is maintained between two sides of a layer one cm. thick. Dissolving | Tempera- ‘oes Dissolving meanest Metal. ture° C. ‘ Diffusing Metal. Metal. ture ° C. Lead . 555 Platinum . Lead . 492 . é 492 x Wead | ©. alinige ee 251 : Rhodium. Lead € : 200 : EID kaihnts Mercury ‘s : 165 Lead Soa so : 100 Zinc Bismuth 555 Sodium Ming syle 555 i Potassium cede fe 555 Gold From Roberts-Austen, Philosophical Transactions, 1896 A. * These values are from Guthrie. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 120. 139 SOLUBILITY OF INORGANIC SALTS IN WATER; VARIATION WITH THE TEMPERATURE. The numbers give the number of grammes of the axhydrous salt soluble in 1000 grammes of water at the given temperatures. Temperature Centigrade. 40° AgNO3 64 Alg(SO4)3 . AlgKo(SO4)4 2. Alo(NH4)2(SO4)4 BoOs . Rees BaCle . Ba(NOs)e Catlin: CoCle Cseliay: CsNO3 . CssSO . Cu(NOs3)o . CuSO4 FeCl.. FeoCle FeSO4 HgCle KBr): KeCOzg KCIi a: KCIOs . KoCrO4 . KogCr207 Compiled from Landolt-Boérnstein-Meyerhoffer’s Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 140 TABLES 120 (continued) -122, SOLUBILITY OF SALTS AND GASES IN WATER. TABLE 120 (continued).— Solubility of Inorganic Salts in Water; Variation with the Temporature. The numbers give the number of grammes of the axhydrous salt soluble in 1000 grammes of water at the given temperatures. Temperature Centigrade. 50° 60° 70° 1450 TABLE 121. — Solubility of H2(COz)o . H2(CH2.CO2)2 Tartaric acid Racemic “ K(HCOz) KH(C4H4O4) . TABLE 122.—Solubility of Gases in Water; Variation with the Temperature. The table gives the weight in grammes of the gas which will be absorbed in 1000 grammes of water when the partial pressure of the gas plus the vapor pressure of the liquid at the given temperature equals 760 mm, 0705 0551 00192 00174 .0293 .0230 Compiled from Landolt-Bérnstein-Meyerhoffer’s Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 123. I4I ABSORPTION OF CASES BY LIQUIDS.* ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS, a;, FOR GASES IN WATER. Temperature Centigrade. ae ae Fe arbon arbon : itrous dioxide. monoxide. Ey ereeer: Nitceen- oxide. CO, CO N.O 0.0354 0.02110 0.02399 1.048 0.04925 0315 .02022 02134 0.8778 04335 0282 01944 01918 0.7377 03852 0254 01875 01742 0.6294 03456 .0232 .01809 -01599 0.5443 03137 .O214 01745 .O1451 ~ .02874 -0200 -01690 01370 .02646 0177 01644 01195 02316 .O161 .01608 -O1074 .02080 O14 01600 -O10II 01690 Temperature Centigrade. Ethylene. Methane. | Hydrogen Sepe sulphide. dioxide. Sain CH, H,S SO, 0.02471 0.2563 | 0.05473 4.371 79-79 02179 2153 .04889 3.965 67.48 01953 -1837 .04.367 3-580 56.65 01795 1615 03903 3.233 47.28 01704 1488 03499 2.905 39.37 - 02542 2.604 32.79 ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS, a, FOR GASES IN ALCOHOL, C,H;OH. Temperature Centigrade. Carbon Nitrous |H . ydrogen| Sulphur dioxide. Ethylene.| Methane. Hydrogen: Mipceen: oxide, sulphide. | dioxide. conf) CHa | Ce N.O HS SO, 4.329 : 0.5226 | 0.0092 0.1263 4.190 17.89 | 328.6 3.891 : -5086 | .0685 SEAT lls 3.838 14:78 |) 25167 3.514 : “4953 .0679 B1225)" |e 3-525 11.99 | 190.3 3-199 .482 .067 3 sr2T4! |e. 3.215 9.54 | 144.5 2.946 .4710 .0667 1204 | . 3.015 2.750 : 4598 .0662 “TOO: ||". 2.819 * This table contains the volumes of different gases, supposed measured at 0° C. and 76 centimetres’ pressure, which unit volume of the liquid named will absorb at atmospheric pressure and the temperature stated in the first column. The numbers tabulated are commonly called the absorption coefficients for the gases in water, or in alcohol, at the temperature ¢ and under one atmosphere of pressure. The table has been compiled from data published by Bohr & Bock, Bunsen, Carius, Dittmar, Hamberg, Henrick, Pagliano & Emo, Raoult, Schénfeld, Setschenow, and Winkler. The numbers are in many cases averages from several of these authorities. Note. — The effect of increase of pressure is generally to increase the absorption coefficient. The following is approximately the magnitude of the effect in the case of ammonia in alcohol at a temperature of 23° C.: { Pe = 45\.Cms, 50 cms. 55 cms. 60 cms. 65 cms. G3 = 69 74 79 84 88 According to Setschenow the effect of varying the pressure from 45 to 85 centimetres in the case of carbonic acid in water is very small. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 142 TABLES 124-126. CAPILLARITY.—SURFACE TENSION OF LIQUIDS." TABLE 124.— Water and Alcohol in Contact with Air. TABLE 126.—Solutions of Salts in Water.t Surface tension Surface tension Surface Salt i in dynes per in dynes per Penes See Density. centimetre. centimetre. men ne : Tae. timetre. Ethyl BaCl .2820 Water. Schol Water. Pe 4 .0497 ee CaCl 3511 6| 23. 64. i: 2773 ge > 638 HCl -I190 12 (922.6 62. se 0887 74 9 ke Ooae 73ts \ezore 62.2 x pea F2Or| i 2Te7 61.5 KCl .1699 7231) 203 B -IOII 71.4 | 20.8 MgCl oF 2 oe 707 | 20.4 5 eo i .0362 NaCl 1932 s -1074 if .0360 NH,Cl | 1.0758 TABLE 125. — Miscellaneous Liquids in Contact with Air. « 0535 0281 3114 .1204 .0567 “30/5 1576 .0400 .1329 -0005 .0283 1263 .0466 3022 ABUT 1775 .0276 SrCle Surface tension o | in dynes per cen- timetre. “cc Authority. 1} K2CO3 “cc “ NagCOs3 Aceton i Aceticiacid. . . Amylalcohol. . Benzene. , Butyric acid . . Carbon disulphide Chloroform Ether. Ramsay-Shields. Average of various. “ Rb NWN Nd Quincke. Average of various. “ Glycerine Hexane . “ Mercury . a Methyl alcohol Olive oil . in Hall. Schiff, Average of various. ee “ 8278 4453 2030 0744 0300 2744 MgSOg « .0680 -IIIQ | 15-16 .0329 | 15-16 -3981 | 15-16 -2830 | 15-16 iG 1.1039 | 15-16 Petroleum. . Propyl alcohol Magie. Schiff. Mn2SO4 rnb OR AO OHO DHE OW DOONN ON DN HRWUN OOHW S™NNWN HAD OK NW oluolse-wrcaite : sé “ “ce Pmt mm ett tate ZnSO4 Turpentine. Average of various. * This determination of the capillary constants of liquids has been the subject of many careful experiments, but the results of the different experimenters, and even of the same observer when the method of measurement is changed, do not agree well together, The values here quoted can only be taken as approximations to the actual values for the liquids in a state of purity in contact with pure air. In the case of water the values given by Lord Rayleigh from the wave length of ripples (Phil. Mag. 1890) and by Hall from direct measurement of the tension of a flat film (Phil. Mag. 1893) have been preferred, and the temperature correction has been taken as o.141 dyne per degree centigrade. The values for alcohol were derived from the experiments of Hall above referred to and the experiments on the effect of temperature made by Timberg (Wied. Ann. vol. 30). i The authority for a few of the other values given is quoted, but they are for the most part average values derived from a large number of results published by different experimenters, t From Volkmann (Wied. Ann. vol. 17, p. 353). SMITHSONIAN TABLEs. TABLES 127-129. 143 TENSION OF LIQUIDS. TABLE 127.—Surface Tension of Liquids.* Surface tension in dynes per cen- timetre of liquid in contact with — Specific gravity. Air. Water. | Mercury. Water . 3 - 1.0 75.0 0.0 (392) Mercury : : . 13.548 513.0 392.0 oO Bisulphide of carbon 1.2687 30.5 41.7 (387) Chloroform . : 1.4878 (31.8) 26.8 (415) Ethyl alcohol ; 0.7906 (24.1) - 364 Olive oil 3 : 0.9136 34.6 18.6 317 Turpentine . : 0.8867 28.8 TES 241 Petroleum . : : 9.7977 29.7 (28.9) 271 Hydrochloric acid Minn 1.10 (72.9) - (392) Hyposulphite of soda solution : 1.1248 69.9 - 429 TABLE 128. — Surface Tension of Liquids at Solidifying Point.+ Tempera- pete Surface solidifi- tension in dynes per centimetre. Tempera- fare’of Surface sys tension in solidifi- dynes per centimetre. Substance. Substance. cation. cation. Platinum Antimony Gold . Borax . 5 ‘ ZANC.. | s Carbonate of soda Tin - Chloride of sodium Mercury : Water . . . ead & i Selenium : ‘ Silver. : Sulphur . : Bismuth Phosphorus . ; Potassium : 5 Wax . : : Sodium TABLE 129.— Tension of Soap Films. Elaborate measurements of the thickness of soap films have been made by Reinold and Rucker.|| They find that a film of oleate of soda solution containing 1 of soap to 70 of water, and having 3 per cent of KNOg3 added to increase electrical conductivity, breaks at a thickness varying between 7.2 and 14.5 micro-millimetres, the average being 12.1 micro- millimetres. The film becomes black and apparently of nearly uniform thickness round the point where fracture begins. Outside the black patch there is the usual display of colors, and the thickness at these parts may be estimated from the colors of thin plates and the refractive index of the solution (v7d@e Newton’s rings, Table 146). When the percentage of K NOs is diminished, the thickness of the black patch increases. For example, KNO3 ——3 I 0.5 0.0 Thickness = 12.4 13.5 14.5 22.1 micro-mm. A similar variation was found in the other soaps. It was also found that diminishing the proportion of soap in the solution, there being no KNOs dissolved, increased the thickness of the film. I part soap to 30 of water gave thickness 21.6 micro-mm. I part soap to 40 of water gave thickness 22.1 micro-mm. I part soap to 60 of water gave thickness 27.7 micro-mm. I part soap to 80 of water gave thickness 29.3 micro-mm, * This table of tensions at the surface separating the liquid named in the first column and air, water or mercury as stated at the head of the last three columns, is from Quincke’s experiments (Pogg. Ann. vol. 139, and Phil. Mag. 1871). The numbers given are the equivalent in dynes per centimetre of those obtained by Worthington from Quincke’s results (Phil. Mag. vol. 20, 1885) with the exception of those in brackets, which were not corrected by Bee angions they are probably somewhat too high, for the reason stated by Worthington. The temperature was about 20° C. : + Quincke, “‘ Pogg. Ann.” vol. 135, p. 661. ; + It will be observed that the value here given on the authority of Quincke is much higher than his subsequent measurements, as quoted above, give. HW ‘‘ Proc. Roy. Soc.” 1877, and “ Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.”’ 1881, 1883, and 1893. Norg. — Quincke points out that substances may be divided into groups in each of which the ratio of the surface tension to the density is nearly constant. Thus, if this ratio for mercury be taken as unit, the ratio for the bromides and iodides is about a half: that of the nitrates, chlorides, sugars, and fats, as well as the metals, lead, bismuth, and antimony, about 1; that of water, the carbonates, sulphates, and probably phosphates, and the metals platinum, gold, silver, cadmium, tin, and copper, 2; that of zinc, iron, and palladium, 3; and that of sodium, 6, SMITHSONIAN TABLES, 144 TABLE 130. VAPOR PRESSURES. The vapor pressures here tabulated have been taken, with one exception, from Regnault’s results. The vapor pressure of Pictet's fluid is given on hisown authority. The pressures are in centimetres of mercury. Tem- Carbon . Chloro- | Ethyl Ethyl Ethyl | Methyl | Turpen Pee aa, Benet adi . : alcohol. ether. becnide: alcohol. ine. ure one Oe aoe " C,H,,O | C,H;Br | CH,O GMmITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 130 (continued). 145 VAPOR PRESSURES. Pictet’s Methyl | Methylic| Nitrous fluid. | Sulphur | Hydrogen . | chloride. | ether. oxide. | 64SO.+| dioxide. | sulphide. CH;Cl | C,H,O NO |44CO.by| SO, H.S weight = : 57-90 | 57-65 - 58.52 | 28.75 1300.70 4. 71.78 | 71.61 | 1569.49 | 67.64 | 37.38 1514.24 : 88.32 | 88.20 oe 74.48 | 47.95 NZ 50525)| 9 23: 107.92 | 107.77 | 1968.43 | 89.68 | 60.79 2034.02 ; 130.96 | 130.66 | 2200.80 | 101.84 | 76.25 2344.13 : 157.87 | 157-25 | 2457-92 | 121.60 | 94.69 2690.66 : : 189.10 | 187.90 | 2742.10 | 139.08 | 116.51 307 5-38 : : 225.11 | 222.90 | 3055.86 | 167.20 | 142.11 3499-86 : d 266.38 | 262.90 3401.91 193.80 171.95 3964.69 : : 313-41 | 307-98 | 3783.17 | 226.48 | 206.49 4471.66 : : 306.69 | 358.60 | 4202.79 | 258.40 | 246.20 5020.73 : : 426.74 415-10 4664.14 297.92 291.60 5611.90 | 139. ; 494-05 | 477.80 | 5170.85 | 338.20 | 343.18 6244.73 4.32 : 509.11 6335-95 | 383-80 | 401.48 6918.44 - - 434-72 467.02 7631.46 : : = = = 478.80 | 540.35 521.36 | 622.00 712.50 812.38 922.14 Titel IRI SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 146 TABLES 131-132. VAPOR PRESSURE. TABLE 131.— Vapor Pressure of Ethyl Alcohol.* Vapor pressure in millimetres of mercury at 0° C. 13.18 | 14.15] 15.16] 16.21 | 17.31 | 18.46] 19.68 | 20.98 23.78 | 25-31 | 27-94 | 28.67 | 30-50 | 32-44 | 34-49 | 36.67 | 38.97 44.00 | 46.66 | 49.47 | 52-44 | 55-56] 58.86 62.33 65-97 | 69.80 78.06 | 82.50 | 87.17 | 92.07 | 97-21 | 102.60 | 108.24 | 114.15 | 120.35 133-70 | 140.75 | 148.10 | 155.80 | 163.80 | 172.20 | 181.00 | 190.10 | 199.65 220.00 | 230.80 | 242.50 | 253-80 | 265.90 | 278.60 | 291.85 | 305.65 | 319.95 350-30 | 306.40 | 383.10 | 400.40 | 418.35 | 437-00 | 456.35 | 476-45 | 497.25 541.20 | 564.35 | 588.35 | 613-20 | 638.95 } 665.55 | 693-10 | 721.55 | 751.00 From the formula log =a + 4a‘ + cB Ramsay and Young obtain the following numbers.t o° | 10° | 20° | 30° 40° 50° 60° 70° | go° | 90° Vapor pressure in millimetres of mercury at 0° C. 43-97 78.11} 133.42] 219.82! 350.21] 540.91 i181 1186.5 8 | 3223.0 | 4318.7 | 5686.60 |7368.7 {9409.9 | 11558. |14764. | 18185. 200 |22182. 325. 132196. |38389. | 45519. Vapor pressure in millimetres of mercury at 0° C. 33.6 : . 40.2 42.6 60.3 : : 71.4 75-5 104.7 : : £22.7 || 1209.3 175.7 : . 203-9 | 214.1 285.0 ; k 32723 || 9342-5 440.6 ; : 507-7 | 529.5 676.5 : ; 761.1 | 791.1 * This table has been compiled from results published by Ramsay and Young (Jour. Chem. Soc. vol. 47, and Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., 1886). + In this formula a= 5.0720301; log = 2.6406131; log ¢ = 0.6050854; log a= 0.003377538; log B= 1.99682424 (c is negative). + Taken from a paper by Dittmar and Fawsitt (Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. vol. 33). SmitHsonian TABLES. TABLE 133. 147 VAPOR PRESSURE.* Carbon Disulphide, Chlorobenzene, Bromobenzene, and Aniline. 6° | 7° | 8° | g° (a) CARBON DISULPHIDE. 146.45 | 153-10 | 160.00 224.95 | 234-40 | 244.15 334-70 | 347-70 | 361.10 454.15 501.65 | 519.65 682.90 | 705.90 | 729.50 (b) CHLOROBENZENE. LO.20) |) 10:79) .0it/40 17.53 | 18.47 | 19.45 29.12 | 30.58} 32.10 46.84 | 49.05 | 51.35 73-11 | 76.30} 79.60 II0.41 | 114.55 | 119.45 161.95 | 168.00 | 174.25 231.30 | 239.35 | 247.70 322.80 | 333-35 | 344-15 441.15 | 454.65 | 468.50 591-70 | 608.75 | 626.15 (c) BROMOBENZENE. - ~ 12.40 18.58 | 19.52 | 20.50 30.06) | 31-50) || 33.00 47-28 | 49.40 | 51.60 72.42 | 75.46| 78.60 107.88 | 112.08 | 116.40 156.03 | 161.64 | 167.40 219.58 | 226.90 | 234.40 301.75 | 311-15 | 320.80 406.70 | 418.60 | 430.75 538-40 | 553-20 | 568.35 701.65 | 719.95 | 738-55 (d) ANILINE. * These tables of vapor pressures are quoted from results published by Ramsay and Young (Jour. Chem. Soc. vol. 47). The tables are intended to give a series suitable for hot-jacket purposes. SmitHsonian TaB_es. 148 TABLE 133 (continued). VAPOR PRESSURE. Methyl Salicylate, Bromonaphthaline, and Mercury. (e) METHYL SALICYLATE. 2.97 3.18 3-40 5-44] 5:74] 6.05 9.06] 9:52] 9.95 TAA ADRs | ALEC S 22°95 29193), 24°99 34-21 | 35.63 | 37-10 50.96 | 52.97 | 55-05 74.38 | 77-15 | 80.00 106.10 | 109.80 | 113.60 148.03 | 152.88 | 157.85 202.49 | 208.72 | 215.10 271.90 | 279.75 287.80 359.05 | 368.85 | 378.90 467.25 | 479.35 | 491-70 600.25 | 615.05 | 630.15 761.90 | 779.85 | 798.10 (f) BROMONAPHTHALINE. 6.23 6.51 6.80 O70 |) 10.05 | “10:60 14.92 | 15.55 | 16.20 22.25 | 23.11 | 24.00 32:09"| 33-23'| 34-49 44.99 | 40.50 | 48.05 62.04 | 64.06 | 66.10 84.51 | 87.10 | 89.75 113.50 | 116.81 | 120.20 150.38 | 154.57 | 158.85 196.75 | 202.00 | 207.35 254-65 | 261.20 | 267.85 326.50 | 334-55 | 342-75 414.65 | 424.45 | 434-45 521-50 | 533-35 | 545-35 649.50 | 663.55 | 677.55 (g) MERcuRY. 133.26 | 136.50 | 139.81 168.73 | 172.67 | 176.79 211.76 | 216.50 | 221.33 263.21 | 268.87 | 274.63 324-37 | 331-08 | 337-89 390.56 | 404-43 | 412.44 481.19 | 490.40 | 499-74 579-78 | 590.48 | 601.33 694.04 | 706.40 | 718.94 4.05 4.22 4.40 GMITHSONIAN T ABLES. TABLE 134. 149 VAPOR PRESSURE OF SOLUTIONS OF SALTS IN WATER.* The first column gives the chemical formula of the salt. The headings of the other columns give the number of gramme-molecules of the salt in a litre of water. The numbers in these columns give the lowering of the vapor pressure produced by the salt at the temperature of boiling water under 76 centimetres barometric pressure. ° a Substance. SIO CABEEON OnkON Alz(SO4)3 AICls . ar: Ba OH)e Ba(NOs)2 Noe OW QR ANN NN HS OY NM NG Ba(ClOs)e .« BaCle . BaBre . Ca(SO3)2 Ca(NOs)2 CaCle . CaBrog . CdSO4 Cdle CdBre2 . CdCl . ° Cd(NOs)o « Cd(ClOs)2 « CoSO4 . CoCle . Co(NOs)2 FeSO4 H3bOg3 H3PO4 H3AsO4 H2SO4 KH2PO4 KNOs3. KCI1Og KBrO3 KHSO,4 KNOg > WNW W Be: COND 52 te. GI O01 NGO DDN WO WIND os - SENOS OUST CaN® No WAO Su _ WnHNhK OO Con On Corn SO CN NAR OO Ow _— o8 oO Ao) = = 999 Oo Dw NHN byw vA DW OO KARUN QE NN A NOW wN MANGO OW On me NUM m0 OWW NR wYNN KH * Compiled from a table by Tammann, “‘ Mém, Ac. St. Petersb.’’ 35, No. 9, 1887. See also Referate, ‘‘ Zeit. f. Phys.” ch. 2, 42, 1886. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 150 TABLE 134 (continued). VAPOR PRESSURE OF SOLUTIONS OF SALTS IN WATER. Substance. MgSO, MgCl. : Mg(NOs)e . MgBre . MgHo2(SO4)2 MnSO4 MnCl, . NaHePO, . NaHSO4 NaNOg NaClOg3 (NaPOs)¢ NaOH NaNOg NaHPO, NaHCO, NaSO4 NaCl . NaBrOg NabBr . ING ies NagP2O7 NaC Os NagC204 NagWO4 Na3PO4 (NaPOs)s3 NH4NO3 _. (NH4)oSiFle NH,4Cl ° NH4HSOQO, . (NH4)2SOg. NHgBr NHgl. NiSO4 NiCl, . Ni(NOs)o Pb(NOs)z Sr(SOs)o Sr(NOs)e SrCle . SrBre . ZnSO4 ZnCle . Zn(NOs)2 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 135. 151 PRESSURE OF AQUEOUS VAPOR AT LOW TEMPERATURE.* Pressures are given in inches and millimetres of mercury, temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit and degrees Centigrade. (a) Pressures in inches of mercury; temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit. —50° | 0.0021 7 7 0.0017 : 0.0015 | 0.0013 | 0.0013 —40 .0039 | . : 0033 %5|) 1: 0029 | . 0026 | .0024 —30 0069 | . : 0057 4 |" ve 0051 g .0046 | .0044 —z20 ©1260) |)" ; -O106 | . 0094 | .0ok .0083 | .0078 —1I10 (02225 irs : 0188 | . 0108 |. OI50} .O141 —O | 0.0383 | o. 0.0244 | 0.022 ; 0.0291 | Oo. 0.0260 | 0.0247 +o 0303) res 0423 | .0444] . 0491 : 0542] .0570 10 0031 : 20090)|)| -07351|) .0772 || W _ n Wo Wo Wo We DDONN ONMAAE ORO NONNH? WWWWW WHWWnd CON AUS 0 OU AD SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 141 (continued), 157 POINTS. between the dry and the wet bulb, when the dew-point has the values given at corresponding points in the body of from 76 centimetres the corresponding numbers in the lines marked 67'/6B are to be multiplied by the difference, or above 76. See examples. t—t,=9 | 10 | ue 12 13 Le | 15 Dew-points corresponding to the difference of temperature given in the above line and the wet-bulb thermometer reading given in first column. | | | | EXAMPLES. (1) Given B= 72, t;=10, ¢—%4,=5. Then tabular number for ¢4;= 10 and ¢—4,=5 is 5.2 Also 76—72=4 and 67/58=.06. .’. Correction = 0.06 X 4= 7 : 3 «324 Hence the dew-pointis . : , : « 544 (2) Given B= 71.5, 4.—=7,¢—2,=8. Then, as above, tabulated number = : on 304 - _.18-+.12 __ 67 /$8 == 15 2 Correction =0.15 X4.5=. A ; . . 67 Dew-point= . . . . ao 3 o i “ po , OA =| Q “N OWMmOb, > NO REN OM 4 ° ob OWN s , I Ta 0.3 3-9 5-6 “I 7.2 8.7 0.2 HA Bin Oo ° w _— = vo, tn © ° Ne) a | ail ania! RGus ON Oo N ° o ie! INOS 00 On NNNHH Raa ceed ea clare age? gays O60 SIUM | YN do Ny NN HN OO AIDN, nono 0 Of HOM WNNNN ° NbwNN Qu & & * Qo nPOAL LK Nn WwWwwwwo An WN SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 158 TABLE 142. RELATIVE HUMIDITY.* This table gives the humidity of the air, for temperature ¢ and dew-point d in Centigrade degrees, expressed in percentages of the saturation value for the temperature z. Dew-point (d). Dew-point (d). Depression of ew-point (@) Denresiontoe ew-point (d) the dew-point. | ,5: a ee | tt ekdew-point- +10 | +20 20 o DBRKO BOAKRKO’ 62 61 60 60 Fimo -— = prvnnd 4 6 8 0 4 6 8 0 4 6 8 0 4 6 8 0 2 4 papa P wouww 0 Ooyyy aN anaan® uuu Oo MHA HO COTA HO WO * Abridged from Table 45 of ‘‘ Smithsonian Meteorological Tables.” SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 143. 159 VALUES OF 0.378e.* This table gives the humidity term 0.378¢, which occurs in the equation B= 55 =i, 05 for the calculation of the density of the dry air in a sample containing aqueous vapor at pres- sure ¢; do is the density at normal barometric pressure, B the observed barometric pressure, and % the pressure corrected for humidity. For values of “ see Table 144. Temperatures are in degrees Centigrade, and pressures in millimetres of mercury. Vv a Dew Vv € Vv é : apor - apor . apor oe Pressure 0.3786, E ea Pressure 1 Se Pressure : (ice). y (water). : (water). Dew 0.034 .OO1 .105 173 292 4-579 oho 4-921 33-410 5.286 35-372 5-675 37-427 6.088 3 39-586 ak WOON ON HhWNRHO 6.528 : 41.853 6.997 44.23 7-494 40.73 8.023 : 49.35 8.584 52.09 9-179 54-97 9.810 : 57-98 10.479 ‘ 61.13 11.187 : 64.43 0.484 534 589 .648 714 RHHHN CuSO OC Dw -\ON Ann wv © 11.936 : 67.89 12.728 71.50 13-565 75.28 14.450 4 79.23 15-393 : 83.30 16.367 : 87.67 to NI ° Q 17.406 92.17 18.503 : 96.87 19.661 ; 101.77 20.883 i 106.88 22.178 ; 112.21 23-546 117.77 ge) Be 26.505 129.5 28.103 135.97 29.785 142.41 31-555 149.21 * This table is quoted from ‘‘ Smithsonian Meteorological Tables,”’ p. 225. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 160 TABLES 144, 145. DENSITY OF AIR FOR DIFFERENT PRESSURES AND HUMIDITIES. TABLE 144. —Values of —” , from kh = 1 to k=9Q, for the Computation of Different Values of the Ratio of Actual to Normal Barometric Pressure. This gives the density of air at pressure % in terms of the density at normal atmosphere pressure. When the air contains moisture, as is usually the case with the atmosphere, we have the following equation for the dry air pressure: 4 = B—o.378e, where e is the vapor pressure, and & the observed barometric pressure corrected for temperature. When the necessary observations are made the value of e may be taken from Table 170, and then 0.378e from Table 172, or the dew-point may be found and the value of 0.378e taken from Table 172. ch 760 0.0013158 0026316 -0039474 0.0052632 .0005789 .0078947 0.0092T05 -0105263 -O118421 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 EXAMPLES OF USE OF THE TABLE. To find the value of # when 4 = 754.3 760 kA = 700 gives +92105 « -065789 «¢ .005263 3 “ .000395 754-3 +992497 To find the value of * when k= 5.73 760 hkh=5 gives .0065789 Te .0007895 -03 .0000395 5-73 +007 4979 l§ TABLE 145. — Values of the logarithms of at for values of # between 80 and 340. Values from 8 to 80 may be got by subtracting 1 from the characteristic, and from 0.8 to 8 by subtracting 2 from the characteristic, and so on. 0 1 2 | 3 4 80 | 1.02228 | 1.02767 | 1.03300 | 1.03826 | 1.04347 90 | .07343] .07823] .08297]| .08767| .09231 100 | T.11919| 1.12351 | 1.12779 | 1.13202 | 1.13622 110} .16058| .16451] .16840| .17226| .17609 120] .19837| .20197| .20555| .20909| .21261 130 | .23313 -23646 -23976| .24304| .24629 140] .26531| .26841| .27147| -.27452] .27755 150 | f.29528 | 1.29816 | 1.30103 | 1.30388 | 1.30671 160] .32331| .32601] .32870] .33137] .33403 170 | .34964| .35218| .35471| -35723| -35074 180 | .37446| .37686| .37926| .38164]| .38400 190 | .39794| -40022}| .40249| .40474| .40699 200 | 1.42022 | 1.42238 | 1.42454 | 1.42668 | 1.42882 210] .44141| .44347| -44552|) -44757| -44960 220| .46161| .46358] .46554] .46749) .46943 230| .48091| .48280] .48467| .48654] .48840 240 | .49940] .50120] .50300| .50479] .50658 250 | 1.51713 | 1.51886 | 1.52059 | 1.52231 | 1.52402 260 | .53416] .53583] -53749| -53914| -54079 279 | 55055] -55216] .55376] -55535| -55604 280 | .50634| 56789] .56944| -57097] -57250 290} .58158| .58308| .58457] .58605| .58753 300 1.59631 | 1.59775 | T.59919 | 1.60063 | 1.60206 310 | .61055| .61195| .61334| .61473] .61611 320 | .62434| .62569| .62704| .62839| .62973 330 | -63770| .63901| .64032| .64163 -64293 340 | .65067| .65194| .65321| .65448| .65574 Values of log ae 760 h r iv | Leal | SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 5 6 7 8 9 04861 | 1.05368 | 1.05871 | 1.06367 | 1.06858 09691 | .10146| .10596| .11041| .11482 .14038 | 1.14449] 1.14857 | 1.15261 | 1.15661 -17988| .18364| .18737| .19107| .19473 -21611| .21956] .22299|] .22640| .22978 -24952| .25273] .25591| .25907]| .26220 -28055| .28354| .28050| .28945]| .29237 -30952 | 1.31231 | 1.31 509 | 1.31784 | 1.32058 -33667 | .33929| -34190| -34450] .34707 36222] .30470| .36716| .36961| .37204 -38636| .38870| 39128] .39334| -39565 -40922| .41144] .41365] .41585| .41804 -43094 | 1-43305 | 1.43516 | 1-43725 | 1.43933 45162] .45364| .45565| .45764| .45963 47137 | -47329| «47521 | -47712| -47902 -49025 |) .49210| .49393] -49576| -49758 -50835| -51012| .51188] .51364] .51539 52573 | 1.52743 | 1.52912 | 1.53081 | 1.53249 -54243| -54407| .54570| .54732| -54804 -55852| .56010| .56167| .56323 -56479 -57403| -57555| -57707| -57555] 58008 -58901 | -59045] .59194| .59340| 59486 .60349 | 1.60491 | 1.60632 | 1.60774 | 1.60914 .61750| .61887| .62025| .62161| .62298 -63107| .63240] .63373] .63506| .63638 -64423| .64553]| .64682| .64810| .64939 65701] .65826| .65952| .66077| .66201 TABLE 145 (continued). 161 DENSITY OF AIR. Values of logarithms of 56 @ tr values of ” between 350 and 800. Values of log og 760 1.66449 | 1.66573 | I. 1.66819 | 1.66941 | 1.67064 | T. ents 1.67307 | 1.67428 360 | .6 .67669| .67790] . 68029] .68148| .68267] .68385] .68503] .68621 370] .« 68856} .68973| - -69206| .69322| .69437| .69553]| .69668| .69783 380 | . -7OOII | .70125] . 70352 “70465 -70577| .70090| .70802|] .70914 390] . 71130] .71247]| .« .71408| .71578| .71688| .71798] .71907| .72016 400 | 1.72125 | 1.72233 | 1.72341 | 1.72449 | 1.72557 | 1.72664 | 1.72771 | 1.72878 | 1.72985 | 1.73091 410| .73197| -73303| -73408] -73514] -73019| .73723| -73828| -73932] -74030| -74140 420] -74244| -74347| -74450] -74553 74058 -74758| -74860| .74961| .75063| .75164 430| -75265| .75366| .75467| .75567 -75708| .75867| .75967| .76066| .76165 440| .76264| .76362| .76461| .76559 578657 -78755| 76852] «70949| .77046| .77143 450 | 1.77240 | 1.77336 | 1-77432 | 1.77528 | 1.77624 | 1.77720 | 1.77815 | 1.77910 | 1.78005 | 1.78100 460| .78194| .78289] .78383] .78477| .78570| .78664| .78757| .78850] .78943| .79036 470| .79128] .79221| .79313} -79405| -79496] -79588| .79679]| -79770| .79861| .79952 480 | .80043| .80133| .80223| .80313| .80403| .80493| .80582] .80672| .80761] .80850 490 | .80938| .81027] .81115| .81203| .81291| .81379] .81467| .81554] .81642| .81729 500 | 1.81816 | 1.81902 | 1.81989 | 1.82075 | 1.82162 | 1.82248 | 1.82334 | 1.82419 | 1.82505 | 1.82590 510| .82676] .82761| .82846] .82930] .83015| .83099| .83184] .83268| .83352| .83435 520] .83519| .83602| .83686] .83769| .83852] .83935| .84017| .84100] .84152] .84264 530| -84346| 84428] .84510|] .84591| .84673] .84754] .8483 3 84916] .84997]| .85076 §40| -85158] .85238] .85319] -85309] -85479} -85558} 85638] .85717| .85797| .853876 550 | 1.85955 | 1.86034 | 1.86113 | 1.86191 | 1.86270 | 1.86348 | 1.86426 | 1.86504 | 1.86582 | 1.86660 560] .86737] .86815] .86892| .86969| .87047| .87123| .87200| 87277] .87353| .87430 570| .87506| .87282} .87658| .877 34 87810] .87885] .87961| .88036| .88111| .88186 580 | .88261] .88336| .88411| .88486| .88560| .88634] .88708] .88752] .88856] .88930 590 | .89004} .89077| .89151| .89224| .89297| -89370] -89443] .89516]| .89589| 89661 600 | 1.89734 | T.89806 | 1.89878 | 1.89950 | T.90022 | ¥.90094 | 1.90166 | 1.90238 | 1.90309 | 1.90380 610] .90452| .90523| .90594| .90065| .90735| -90806] .90877] .90947]| .91017| .91088 620] .g1158| .91228| .91298| .91367| .91437] -91507| .91576| .91645] .91715] .91784 630| .91853| .91922] .g1990|] .92059] .92128] .92196| .92264] -92333| 92401] .92469 640 | .92537| -92604| .92672| .92740| .92807| .92875| .92942| -93009| -93076) .93143 650 | 1.93210 | 1.93277 | 1-93343 | 1-93410 | 1.93476 | 1-93543 | 1-93609 | 1.93675 | 1.93741 | 1.93807 660 | .93873| -93939| -94004] -94070 94135 94201 | .94266] .94331| .94306| .94461 670] .94526] .94591| .94656] .94720| .94735| -94849| .94913] .94978] .95042] .95106 680] 95170] .95233| -952907| -95361| -95424| -95488] .95551| .95614] .95677] 95741 690] .95804} .95866] .95929] .95992| .96055| .96117| .9O180]} .96242] .96304] .96366 700 | 1.96428 | 1.96490 | 1.96552 | 1.96614 | 1.96676 | 1.96738 | 1.96799 | 1.96861 | 1.96922 | 1.96983 710| .97044| .97106| .97167| .97228| .97288| .97349] -97410| -97471| -97531| -97592 720| .97652| .97712| .97772| -97832| -97892] -.97951| .98012] .98072] .98132| .98I91 730} .98251| .98310| .98370| .98429] .98488] .98547|- .98606] .98665] .98724]| .98783 740 | .98842| .98900] .98959| .99018| .99076| .99134| -99193] -99251| .99309| .99367 750 | 1.99425 | 1-99483 | 1.99540 | 1.99598 | 1.99656 | 1.99713 | 1.99771 | 1.99828 | 1.99886 | 1.99942 760 | 0.00000 | 0.00057 | 0.00114 | 0.00171 | 0.00228 | 0.00285 | 0.00342 | 0.00398 | 0.00455 | 0.00511 770| .00568| .00624| .00680| .00737| .00793| .00849| .00905] .c0g61| .o1017| .01072 780 | .o1128| .o1184] .01239| .01295| .01350| .01406| .o1461} .01516| .o1571| .01626 790| .01681| .01736| .o1791| .01846] .o1go1| .01955| .02010| .02064| .02119| .02173 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 162 TABLE 146. VOLUME OF PERFECT CASES. Values of 1-+ .00367 ¢. The quantity 1 -+-.00367¢ gives for a perfect gas the volume at ¢° when the pressure is kept constant, or the pressure at 2° when the volume is kept constant, in terms of the volume or the pressure at 0°. (a) This part of the table gives the values of 1-+.00367¢ for values of ¢ between 0° and 10° C. by tenths of a degree. (b) This part gives the values of 1 -+.00367 ¢ for values of ¢ between — 90° and + 1990° C. by 10° steps. These two parts serve to give any intermediate value to one tenth of a degree by a sim- ple computation as follows :—In the (6) table find the number corresponding to the nearest lower temperature, and to this number add the decimal part of the number in the (a) table which corresponds to the difference between the nearest temperature in the (4) table and the actual temperature. For example, let the temperature be 682°.2: We have for 680 in table (4) the number . ° ; » 3.49560 And for 2.2 in table (a) the decimal . - : ° + .00807 Hence the number for 682.2 is . ; 5 . + 3.50367 (c) This part gives the logarithms of 1-+.003677 for values of ¢ between — 49° and -+ 399° C. by degrees. (d) This part gives the logarithms of 1 + .00367 # for values of ¢ between 400° and 19909? C. by 10° steps. (a) Values of 1-++.00367¢ for Values of ¢ between O° and 10° C. by Tenths of a Degree. 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.00073 I.0OIIO 1.00147 .00440 00477 00514 .00807 .00844 .0088 1 -O1174 OI2II 01248 O1541 01578 O1615 01908 1.01945 1.01982 02275 02312 02349 .02642 .02679 02716 03009 03046 .03083 .03376 03413 03450 0 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0.8 1.00294 1.00330 .00661 .00697 .01028 -O1064 .01 395 01431 01762 01798 1.02129 1.02165 .02496 .02532 02863 02899 03290 03266 03597 03633 WOON AD pawn O GMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 146 (continued). 163 VOLUME OF PERFECT CASES. (b) Values of 1+ .00367¢ for Values of ¢ between —90° and + 1990° C. by 10° Steps. 0.96330 1.03670 1.07340 I.IIOIO 1.40370 1.44040 1.47710 1.77070 1.80740 1.84410 2.13770 2.17440 2.21110 2.50470 2.54140 2.57810 2.61480 2.87170 2.90840 2.94510 2.98180 3.23870 3-27 540 3.31210 3-34880 3-60570 3-64240 3-07910 3-71 580 3.97270 4.00940 4.04610 4.08280 4.33979 | 4.37040 | 4.41310 | 4.44980 4.70670 4.74340 4.78010 4.81680 5.07370 5.11040 5.14710 5-18380 5.44070 | 5.47740 | 5.51410 | 5.55080 5.80770 5.84440 5.88110 5.91780 6.13800 6.17470 6.21140 6.24810 6.28480 6.50500 6.54170 6.57840 6.61 510 6.65180 6.87200 6.90870 6.94540 6.98210 7.01880 7.23900 7.27570 7.31240 7.34910 7.38580 7.60600 7.64270 7.67940 7.71610 7.75280 7.97 300 8.00970 8.04640 8.08310 8.11980 8.34000 8.37670 8.41340 8.45010 8.48680 60 70 80 90 0.77980 0.74310 0.70640 0.66970 1.22020 1.25690 1.29360 1.33030 1.58720 1.62390 1.66060 1.69730 1.95420 1.99090 2.02760 2.06430 2.32120 2.35790 2.39460 2.43130 2.68820 2.72490 2.76160 2.79830 3.05520 3.09190 3.12860 3.16530 3-42220 | 3-45890 | 3.49560 | 3.53230 3-78920 3.82590 3.86260 389930 4-1 5620 4.19290 4.22960 4.26630 4.52320 | 4.55990 | 4.59660 | 4.63330 4.89020 4.92690 4.96360 5.00030 §:25720 §-29390 5.33060 5.367 30 5.62420 5.66090 5.69760 5-7 3430 5-99120 6.02790 6.06460 6.10130 6.35820 6.39490 6.43160 6.46830 6.72520 6.76190 6.79860 6.83530 © 7.09220 7.12890 7.16560 7.20230 7-45920 | 7.49590 | 7-53260 | 7.56930 7.82620 7.86290 7.89960 7.93630 8.19320 8.22990 8.26660 8.30330 8.56020 8.59690 8.63360 8.67030 GMITHSONIAN TABLES. 164 TABLE 146 (continued). VOLUME OF (c) Logarithms of 1+ .00367 ¢ for Values Mean diff. 4 per degree. T.Q31051 0.073168 .086431 .099301 -I11S00 .123950 0.135768 .147274 158483 .169410 -180068 0.190472 .200632 210559 -220205 «229759 0.239049 -248145 257054 -205784 274343 0.282735 -290969 299049 306982 314773 0.322426 -329947 -337339 -344608 351758 0.358791 -305713 °372525 379233 -335439 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. T.929179 -947 546 -965169 982104 -998403 0.001 591 017188 .032244 .046796 .06087 5 0.074513 .087735 100567 113030 -125146 0.136933 .248408 159588 -170488 -181120 0.191498 201635 211540 221224 230697 -239967 -249044 330238 .20664) .275189 0.283566 291784 -299849 -307768 315544 0.323184 330692 338072 345329 352466 0.359483 -366399 373201 -379898 -386494 1.927299 945744 -963438 -980440 996801 0.003176 .018717 033721 .048224 062259 0.075853 .089036 -101829 114257 -126339 0.138094 -149539 -160691 171563 182169 0.192523 202035 212518 .222180 .231633 .24088 4 249942 258814 .267 510 -276034 0.284395 -292597 300648 -308 552 316314 0.323941 331435 -338803 -34.5048 353174 0.360184 367084 373875 380562 387148 T.925410 943934 -961701 978769 995192 0.0047 55 020241 035193 .049648 063637 0.077190 -090332 103088 115481 -127529 0.139252 -1 50667 -161790 172635 183216 0.193545 203034 -213494 223135 -232507 0.241798 250837 259692 208370 .276877 0.285222 -203409 301445 -309334 317083 0.324696 332178 339533 346766 353880 0.360879 -367768 1.923513 942117 993577 0.006329 .021760 036661 051068 -065012 0.078522 091624 -104344 -I16701 .128716 0.140408 151793 -162887 -173705 .184260 0.194564 204030 214468 .224087 -233499 0.242710 251731 -260567 269228 277719 0.286048 294219 -302240 310115 -317850 0.325450 -332919 «340262 -347482 354585 0.361573 368451 37 5221 381887 -3838453 1884 1805 1733 1667 1605 1582 1526 1474 1426 1381 1335 1299 1259 1226 1191 1158 1129 IIOI 1074 1048 1023 tare 97 956 g16 TABLE 146 (continued). 165 PERFECT CASES. of ¢ between — 49° and + 399° C. by Degrees. Mean diff. per degree. 1.921608 1.919695 1.917773 1.915843 1.913904 1926 -940292 “938460 -936619 934771 -932915 1845 -958205 956447 954681 “952909 ‘951129 -97 5409 973719 -97 2022 -970319 -968609 -991957 990330 988697 -987058 985413 0.007897 0.009459 0.011016 0.012567 0.014113 023273 .024751 .026284 .027782 029274 038123 039581 041034 042481 043924 052482 053893 0552098 050699 058096 066382 .007748 .069109 .070466 .071819 0.079847 0.081174 0.082495 0.08 3811 0.085123 092914 094198 095486 096765 098031 -105595 106843 -108088 -109329 -110566 117917 -I19130 -120340 121547 .122750 129899 131079 132256 133430 -134601 Cr ATS5o 0.142708 0.143854 0.144997 0.146137 1529015 154034 -I55151 156264 157375 163981 -164072 -160161 .167246 -168330 “174772 -175836 -176898 177958 “179014 -185301 .186340 187377 188411 189443 0.195581 0.196596 0.197608 0.198619 0.199626 -205624 «20661 5 +207605 «208 592 209577 215439 .216409 217376 218341 -219304 +225038 225986 226932 227876 228819 234429 235357 236283 237207 .238129 243621 0.244529 0.245436 0.246341 0.247244 -252623 253512 254400 255287 -250172 261 441 262313 .263184 -204052 .204919 -27008 5 -270940 -271793 -272644 -273494 -278559 .279398 280234 .281070 -281903 .28687 2 0.287694 0.288515 289326 2901 53 295028 295835 296640 297445 298248 303034 303827 304618 305407 306196 310895 311673 312450 313226 314000 318616 -319381 +320144 -320906 321667 0.326203 0.326954 0.327704 0.328453 0.329201 +333659 -334397 +335135 -335871 -336606 -340989 341715 -342441 -343164 -343887 -348198 -348912 -349624 +350337 -351048 -355289 -355991 +356693 -357394 -358093 0.362266 0.362957 0.363648 0.364337 0.365025 -3691 32 -369813 -370493 371171 -37 1849 +37 5892 -376562 377232 -377900 -378567 -382548 -383208 -383868 384525 385183 - -389104 -3897 54 -390403 -391052 -391699 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 166 TABLE 146 (continued). VOLUME OF PERFECT CASES. (d) Logarithms of 1-+-.00367¢ for Values of ¢ between 400° and 1990° C. by 10° Steps. 0.392345 0.405073 | 0.411300 | 0.417439 0.452553 0.458139 | 0.463654 0.469100 0.474479 505421 510371 515264 520103 524889 +552547 -556990 -561388 565742 -570052 595055 599086 .603079 .607037 610958 -633771 .637460 641117 .644744 -648341 0.669317 0.672717 0.676090 0.679437 0.6827 59 .702172 705325 708455 711563 -714648 -732715 73555 738575 ‘741475 -744350 -701251 -704004 766740 769459 -772160 -788027 -790616 -793190 795748 798292 0.813247 0.81 5601 0.818120 0.820536 0.822939 837083 839396 .841697 843986 846263 8 39°79 861875 .864060 866234 868398 881156 883247 885327 887398 889459 .go1622 903616 905602 -907578 909545 80 90 0.423492 0.429462 0.435351 0.441161 0.446894 0.479791 0.485040 0.49022 0.495350 0.50041 3 -529623 -53430 -538938 543522 -54805 574321 -57854 +5827 34 -586580 -590987 614845 -6186096 -622515 .626299 630051 651908 -655446 -658955 662437 665890 0.68605 5 0.689327 0.692574 0.695797 0.698996 -717712 -7207 55 -723776 -726776 -7297 56 -747218 -7 50061 -752886 755692 ieee -774845 777514 -780166 -782802 785422 .800820 803334 805834 808319 .810790 0.825329 0.827705 0.830069 0.832420 0.834758 848 528 850781 853023 855253 857471 -870550 872692 874824 876045 879056 891510 893551 895583 897605 899618 “OIL 504 -913454 915395 -917327 “919251 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 147. 167 DETERMINATION OF HEIGHTS BY THE BAROMETER. Formula of Babinet: Z = C BoB Bors C (in feet) = 52494 [« -- ote] English measures. C (in metres) = 16000 [: + ato] metric measures. 1000 In which Z = difference of height of two stations in feet or metres. Bo, B = barometric readings at the lower and upper stations respectively, corrected for all sources of instrumental error. 2, # = air temperatures at the lower and upper stations respectively. Values of C. ENGLISH MEASURES. METRIC MEASURES. 4 (% +2). G Log C % (to+2. Cc Log C Fahr. Feet. Cent. Metres. 49928 4.698 34 —10° 15360 4.18639 50511 .70339 —$8 15488 19000 —6 15616 19357 51094 4.70837 —4 15744 »19712 51677 -71330 —2 15872 -20063 52261 4.71818 Oo 16000 4.20412 52844 72300 +2 16128 20758 16256 21101 53428 4:72777 16334 121442 54011 73248 16512 21780 5459 4:73715 16640 22115 5517 -74177 16768 -22448 16896 22778 55761 4.74633 17024 23106 56344 -7 5085 17152 -23431 56927 4.75532 17280 4-237 54 57511 75975 17408 +2407 5 17536 -24303 58094 4.76413 17664 .24709 58677 -70847 17792 25022 59260 4.77276 17920 -25334 59844 -77702 18048 -25643 18176 25950 60427 4.78123 18304 26255 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 168 TaBLE 148, BAROMETRIC Barometric pressures corresponding to different This table is useful when a boiling-point apparatus is used (a) Common Measure.* * Pressures in inches of mercury. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 148 (continued). 169 PRESSURES. temperatures of the boiling-point of water. in place of the barometer for the determination of heights. (b) Metric Measure.* * Pressures in millimetres of mercury, SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 170 TABLES 149-151. STANDARD WAVE-LENGTHS. TABLE 149.—Standard Iron Lines. Fabry-Buisson Values. Referred to the Cd line, A=6438.4722. Source: electric arc; current: 3-5 amperes; voltage: generally 110 volts. Wave-length. Wave-length. Wave-length. Wave-length, 3513-820 4592.658 5455-616 —.218 355.879 4602.944 5497-521 —.214 3006.68 1 4647 .437 5506.783 —.217 3640.391 4678.85 5 5535-418 —.226 3677-628 4707.287 5,509.632 —.216 3724-379 4730.785 5586.770 —.221 3753-615 4754.046 Mn 5615.658 —.219 3805-346 4789.657 5658.835 —.217 3843-261 4823.521 Mn 5709.396 —.205 3865.526 4859.7 56 5760.843 Ni| —.209 3906.481 4878.226 5763.013 —.205 3935.818 4903.324 505.211 Ni| —.230 3977-745 4919.006 5857-760 Ni} —.216 4021.872 4966. 104 5892.882 Ni| —.215 2874.176 4076.641 5001.880 5934-683 —.198 2912.157 4118.552 501 2.072 5952-739 —.204 2941.347 4134.685 5049.827 6003-039 —.200 2987 .293 4147.677 5053-343 6027.059 —.215 3030.152 ; 4191.441 5110.415 6065.493 —.216 307 5.725 4233-615 §127.364 ; 6137.700 —.215 3125.061 4282.407 5167.492 6191.569 —.210 3175-447 4315-089 5192.362 6230.732 —.211 3.225.790 4352-741 5232.958 6265.1 47 —.201 3271.003 4375-935 5206.568 : 6318.029 —.210 3323-739 4427.314 5302-316 6335-343 —.211 3370.789 4466.554 5324.196 6393-612 —.208 3399-337 4494-572 5371-498 6430-859 —.207 3445-155 4531-155 5405-780 6494-994 —.219 3485-344 4547-354 5434-530 2373-737 2.413.310 2435-159 Si 2500.904 Si 2528.516 2562.541 2588.016 2628.296 2679.065 2714.419 2739-550 2778.225 281 3.290 2851.800 Taken from Fabry and Buisson, Astrophysical Journal, 28, 1908. * These columns give the differences: Fabry-Buisson minus the corresponding iron line in Rowland’s Preliminary Table of Solar Spectrum Wave-lengths. TABLE 150. — Absolute Wave-length of Red Cadmium Line in Air, 760 mm. Pressure, 15° C. 6438.47.22) chs sielelele Michelsen. 6438.4696.......- Fabry and Perot. For arc and spark lines of titanium, manganese, and vanadium (on above system of wave-lengths), see Kilby, Astrophysical Journal, 30, 1909. TABLE 151.— Some of the Stronger Lines of Some of the Elements. Barium . Helium . Magnesium | 5167.5 || Sodium Cesium . Soon aca ee or ES alexis - : Hydrogen “| §183.8 || Strontium as Mercury. . | 5461.0 sreyes is Calcium . Cadmium cia Potassium . | 7668. PbO, 13.3; NagO, 15.7; ZnO, 2.0; MnOg, 0.1; AsgOs, 0.2. O 184, SiOg, 53.7; PbO, 36.0; K2O, 8.3; NagO, 1.0; Mn2Oz3, 0.06; AseQOs, 0.3. O 102, SiOg, 40.0; PbO, 52.6; K20, 6.5; NagO, 0.5; MngQOz, 0.09; AseOs, 0.3. O 165, SiOg, 29.26; PbO, 67.5; K2O, 3.0; MnzgQOxz, 0.04; AseQOsz, 0.2. S57, SiOsg, 21.9; PbO, 78.0; As2Osz, 0.1. TABLE 164.— Jona Glasses. No. and Type of Jena Glass. ane Saeed O 225 Light phosphate crown O 802 Boro-silicate crown . UV 3199 Ultra-violet crown . O 227 Barium-silicate crown . O 114 Soft-silicate crown . O 608 High-dispersion crown UV 3248 Ultra-violet flint . O 381 High-dispersion crown O 602 Baryt light flint S 389 Borate flint . . O 726 Extra light flint . O 154 Ordinary light flint . Oo 184 “ce “ “ce ‘ O 748 Baryt flint . . O 102 Heavy flint Oar seats O 165 seers S 386 Heavy flint . S 57 Heaviest flint No. and Designation. S57 Heavy silicate flint O 154 Light silicate flint . . O 327 Baryt flint light . . . O 225 Light phosphate crown Pulfrich, Wied. Ann. 45, p- 609, 1892. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 166. INDEX OF REFRACTION. Indices of Refraction for the various Alums.* Index of refraction for the Fraunhofer lines. Na NH,(CHs) K 17-28 mde, 14-15 7-21 15-25 15-20 10-23 Aluminium Alums. 1.43492 “45013 45226 45232 -45437 45509 -49226 Indium Alums. B | c | D 1.43563 45062 -45393 -45325 55% 7 “45599 -49317 1.43653 -45177 -45398 45417 45018 45093 49443 1.43884 45410 “45645 -45060 -45856 45939 -49748 1.45942 | 1.46024 | 1.46126 | 1.46381 -40091 -46193 .46170 46259 46283 -46352 40522 -46636 ae) RAK(SO,)o-+12H,0.+ 1.44185 45091 45934 45955 -40141 -46234 50128 RIn(SO,4)o+12H0.F Gallium Alums. Chrome Alums. Iron Alums. 1.47639 -47700 47825 47927 -51674 1.47732 -47738 -47756 -48014 -51798 1.47706 47770 47921 48029 51790 1.46243 .46296 .46332 -40575 50349 1.47836 -47865 .47868 48125 “51923 1.46495 46525 -46579 -465 35 50665 1.48100 48137 48151 .48418 .52280 RGa(SO,4)o-+12H,0.4 RCr(SO,)o+12H,0.4 1.48434 -48459 .48486 -48744 -52704 RFe(SO,)o+12H.0.t 47894 -48042 48150 51943 1.47837 | 1.48169 48234 48378 -48482 -52305 1.48580 -48654 -48797 48921 52859 1.44231 -45749 -45996 45999 -46203 .46288 50209 1.46751 -46897 -47015 1.48670 .48712 .48867 -48993 -52940 “45941 46181 46192 -46386 -46481 -504603 1.46955 47105 47234 1.47034 -47093 47120 “47412 51387 1.48723 -457 53 -48775 -49040 .53082 1.48939 -49003 49130 49286 -53284 181 1.47402 -47 562 -477 50 * According to the experiments of Soret (Arch. d. Sc. Phys. Nat. Genéve, 1884, 1888, and Comptes Rendus, 1885) + R& stands for the different bases given in the first column. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 182 TABLE 167. INDEX OF REFRACTION. Index of Refraction of Metals and Metallic Oxides. (a) Experiments of Kundt* by transmission of light through metallic prisms of small angle. Index of refraction for Name of substance. Silver Gold Copper Platinum Tron A Nickel , Bismuth Gold and gold oxide “ “ “ t Bismuth oxide . s Tron oxide 6 s Nickel oxide . : A Copper oxide . 7 : Platinum and platinum oxide 5 “ (b) Experiments of Du Bois and Rubens by transmission of light through prisms of small angle. The experiments were similar to those of Kundt, and were made with the same spectrometer. Somewhat greater accuracy is claimed for these results on account of some improvements intro- duced, mainly by Prof. Kundt, into the method of experiment. There still remains, however, a somewhat large chance of error. Index of refraction for light of the following color and wave-length. Name of metal. Red (Lig). “Red.” | Yellow(D). | Blue(F). | Violet (G). Nickel . Iron : Cobalt . (¢) Experiments of Drude. The following table gives the results of some of Drude’s experiments.§ The index of refrac- tion is derived in this case from the constants of elliptic polarization by reflection, and are for sodium light. Index of Index of Metal. refraction. Metal. refraction. Aluminium : Mercury 1:73 Antimony : Nickel . 1.79 Bismuth : Platinum 2.06 Cadmium 2 : Silver. 0.181 Copper . : ccelam < 2.41 Gold ; p Tin, solid 1.48 Tron : : “fluid 2.10 Leadt iy ; Zinc s 2.12 Magnesium * “ Wied. Ann.” vol. 34, and “ Phil. Mag.” (5) vol. 26, + Nearly pure oxide. + Wave-lengths A are in millionths of a centimetre. § “Wied. Ann.” vol. 39. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLES 168-170. INDEX OF REFRACTION. 183 TABLE 168. — Index of Refraction of Rock Salt in Air. A(t). , y A(u). 0.88396 1.534011 : 1.516014 972298 | 1.532532 - 1.515553 98220 1.532435 1.036758 | 1.531762 1.1786 1.530372 0.185409 | 1.89348 +204470 1.76964 291368 1.61325 »358702 | 1.57932 441587 | 1.55962 486149 | 1.55338 ss 1.553406 "i 1.553399 58902 1.544340 -58932 1.544313 656304 | 1.540072 s 1.540702 -706548 1.538633 766529 | 1.536712 70824 1.53666 78576 1.536138 88 396 1.534011 1.51 3028 1.513467 1.511062 1.508318 1.506804 1.502035 1.494722 1.481816 1.471720 1.460547 1.454404 1.447494 1.441032 1.3735 1.340 bond 1.530374 1.555137 1.525211 1.7030 1.527440 ss 1.527441 2.073516 | 1.526554 2.35728 1.525563 g 1.525849 2.9466 1.524534 3°5359 1.523173 4.1252 1.521648 5 1.521625 5.0092 1.518978 ~ Guo - a FO Gan ~ = WO S Ur rm s sa 2 5S WK ith MM, 22 3 — kat — hat or = 0? soto ni=a +53 Mot oe kne— hat or = + fate te i2—at where paar me Ag? = 0.02547414 62 = 5.680137 M,=0.01278685 £=0.0009285837 M3 =12059.95 A12=0.0148 500 A4=0.000000286086 A3?= 3600. (P) Mz=0.005343924 TABLE 169.— Change of Index of Refraction for 1° C in Units of the 5th Decimal Place. +3-134 | Mi |] 0.441u | —3.425 | Mi |] C line +1.570 |) “ SOS! Wl =— ses ay We Smiley < —o.187 643 | —3.636| “ F —2.727 G; L Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory P Paschen, Wied. Ann. 26, 1908. of the Smithsonian Institution, Vol. I, 1900. Pl Pulfrich, Wied. Ann. 45, 1892. M Martens, Ann. d. Phys. 6, 1901, 8, 1902. RN Rubens and Nichols, Wied. Ann. 60, 1897. Mi Micheli, Ann. d. Phys. 7, 1902. TABLE 170.— Index of Refraction of Silvine (Potassium Chloride) in Air. 0.185409 : : 1.478311 B 1.462726 »200090 5 1.47824 WwW 1.46276 21946 . A 1.475890 iy 1.4608 58 257317 , 1.47589 WwW 1.46092 251640 ; : 1.474751 iE 1.45672 308227 ; .9466 1.473834 e 1.45673 -358702 1.47394 Ww 1.44919 -394415 . 1.473049 | P 1.44941 467832 : ‘6 1.47 304 WwW 1.44346 508606 : : 1.471122 P 1.44385 58932 1.490443 sc 1.47129 W 1.43722 .67082 1.48669 ‘ 1.470013 P 1.42617 78576 1.483282 1.47001 WwW - 1.41403 88398 1.481422 ‘ 1.468804 Pe .98220 1.480084 as 1.46880 WwW M, M2 7 M, Me Ms ore) eas aaah ee Ph Ot ah gaeanae tte ae ga a*= 2.174967 A2*=0.0255550 == 3.866619 M, =0.008 Si daet & =0.00051 3495 M3=5569.715 Ay2=0.0119082 4=0.000000167 587 A3*= 3292.47 (P) Mz =0.00698 382 W Weller, see Paschen’s article. Other references as under Table 169, above. SMITHSONIAN TaBLEs. 184 TaBLes 171-174. ; INDEX OF REFRACTION. TABLE 171. — Index of Refraction of Fluorite in Air. 1.50940 : 1.42641 : 1.40855 1.49629 : 1.42596 P 1.40559 1.48462 62 1.42582 4.7 1.40238 1.47762 : 1.42507 .0092 1.39898 1.46476 2 1.42437 3 1.39529 1.44987 : 1.42413 1.39142 1.44697 .062 1.42359 2 1.38719 1.44214 , 1.42308 1.37819 1.43713 : 1.42288 1.36805 1.43393 : 1.42199 4 1.35680 1.43257 S 553 1.42088 | ee 1.34444 1.43200 : 1.42016 ) 1.33079 1.43157 .7 502 1.41971 1.31612 1.43101 : 1.41826 3-47 1.42982 : 1.41707 : 2.66 1.42787 3.2 1.41612 2.63 1.42690 : asa 1.41379 1.42641 8306 1.41120 References under Table 173. wi M, ty) WE Ms Rima Poe ae CES i az—a,2 where a? = 2.03882 Jf = 0.0000029 16 as 5114.65 M, = 0.0062183 6% = 6.09651 = 1260.56 Ay? = 0.007706 Mz = 0.0061 386 a = 0.0940" é€ = 0.0031999 Av? = 0.00884 Ar = 35-5h (P) TABLE 172.—Change of Index of Refraction for 1°C in Units of the 5th Decimal Place. C line, —1.220; D, —1.206; F, —1.170; G, —1.142. (PI) TABLE 173. —Index of Refraction of Iceland Spar (CaCO,) in Afr. C Carvallo, J. de Phys. (3), 9,1 Pl Pulfrich, Wied. Ann. 45, 1892. M Martens, Ann. der Phys. (4) ke 1901, 8, 1902. RA Rubens-Aschkinass, Wied. Ann. 67, 1899. P Paschen, Wied. Ann. 56, 1895. S Starke, Wied. Ann. 60, 1897. TABLE 174.—Index of Refraction of Nitroso-dimethyl-aniline. (Wood.) Nitroso-dimethyl-aniline has enormous dispersion in yellow and green, metallic absorption in violet. See Wood, Phil. Mag. 1903. SMITHSONIAN TABLES, TABLE 175. 185 INDEX OF REFRACTION. Index of Refraction of Quartz (Si0:). ndex Index Tempera- Index Ww. x ave- | Ordinary | Extraordinary Oi i Extraordinary ture.° C Ray. Ray. Tempera- {ture °C. length. Ray. 0.185 | 1.67582 | 1.68999 18 ‘ 1.55091 18 193 | -65997 | -67343 x -54998 i -198 | .65090 -66397 : : 54811 .206 | .64038 -65300 .214 | .63041 ,64264 219 | .62494 .63698 -61399 .62560 59022 60712 : -§8752 598i : : Rubens. 56748 | .57738 “55815 | 56771 55650 56600 -54968 | .55896 1.54424 | 1.55334 ” on Except Rubens’ values, — means from various authorities. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TaBLe 176. INDEX OF REFRACTION. 186 Various Monorefringent or Optically Isotropic Solids. Index of Refraction. Line of Spectrum. Authority. Substance. De Senarmont. Grailich. DesCloiseaux. Fock. Beer. Agate (light color) red Ammonium chloride . Arsenite Barium nitrate Bell metal 1.5374 1.6422 1.755 1.5716 1.0052 2.34165 2.36923 2.40069 1.46245 | 1.46303 Blende Ramsay. Boric acid Bedson and Carleton Williams. 1.47024 1.51222 1.51484 1.52068 1.532 1.5462 2.414 2 .428 2.46062 2.46986 a Gees Borax (vitrified) Kohlrausch. Mulheims. DesCloiseaux. Camphor & UO SUOMDOAZROUUS Diamond (colorless) | oO oO 3 ~——_— rrr Oornrnrern 4' Diamond (brown) Schrauf. Ebonite . ° Ayrton & Perry. Ae | ; 2.19 | | ! Fuchsin 2.33 Means. 1.97 1.32 1.74 to 1.90 1.480 1.514 1.4961 1.739 eee. t Various. 1.406 ; «“ 11450 Wollaston. 1.531 1.5593 Topsée and Christiansen. 1.6574 1.6666 2.1442 Gladstone & Dale. 1.619 Jamin. 1.528 Wollaston. 1.548 Jamin. Wollaston. 1.528 i 8 Baden Powell. 1.593 2.612 2.680 2.729 2.93 2.253 2.061 BO TOO8Pomnow Garnet (different varieties) Various. a o a Jamin. Wollaston. Tschichatscheff. Levy & Lecroix. Gum arabic . é ‘. be “oe ~ = Hanyne Helvine Obsidian . Opal . ts . Pitch . Potassium bromide a chlorstannate . se iodide Phosphorus Resins: Aloes . : Canada balsam . Colophony . Copal . Mastic . Peru balsam oO OU Wood. Selenium, vitreous bromide chloride . iodide Silver Wernicke. : blue . Sodalite clear like water | Sodium chlorate Spinel : Strontium nitrate SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Feusner. Dussaud. DesCloiseaux. Fock. TABLES 177, 178. 187 INDEX OF REFRACTION. TABLE 177. — Uniaxial Crystals. Index of refraction. Substance. : cae Authority. Ordinary | Extraordi- ray. nary ray. 1.592 Levy & Lacroix. 4.524 De Senarmont. 2.4959 Schrauf. 1.6345 Soa i 1.6784 DesCloiseaux. | Beryl . . . . . . : a = { Various, Alunite (alum stone) . Ammonium arseniate . Anatase | Apatite Benzil . COO Urs \O ° Brucite . 3 5 : s : : : 1.581 Kohlrausch. Calomel . : 5 : ; : : | 2.60 De Senarmont. Cinnabar . : ; : . ‘ : 3-199 DesCloiseaux. Corundum tad sapphire, etc.) ahs : 69 es Dioptase . . : : : : : 1.723 Emerald (pure) . : . ° ; : ; 1.578 Iceat—8°C. . . : : : D : 1.313 Meyer. 1.717 to 1.720 Ivory . : - . . . . . 1.541 Kohlrausch. Magnesite . . . . : . . : 1.515 Mallard. Potassium arseniate . . . ° ; 1.515 DesCloiseaux. x : ° ° . : 1.501 De Sernamont. Silver (red ore) . : ; , : 2 ; 2.881 Fizeau. Sodium arseniate 1.467 Baker. sy nitrate 1.336 Schrauf. «phosphate 2.452 Dufet. Strychnine sulphate 1.519 Martin. Tin stone . 2.093 Grubenman. Tourmaline (colorless) 1.619 Heusser. s (different colors) ce e Zircon (hyacinth) 1.97 De Senarmont. < se 1.968 Sanger. Idocrase DesCloiseaux. Jeroféjew. Ch MloMeleleleleol-) TABLE 178.— Biaxial Crystals. I ion. Tee ndex of refraction Substance. Spee tl Authority. trum. | Minimum. oat Maximum. 1.8771 1.8823 1.8936 Arzruni. 1.5693 1.5752 1.6130 Miilheims. 1.5101 1.6812 1.6858 Glazebrook. 1.5301 1.6816 1.6859 Rudberg. 1.6720 1.6779 1.6810 DesCloiseaux. 1,636 é 1.648 Various. 1.4467 : 1.4724 Dufet. 1.5140 : 1.543 Kohlrausch. 1.5208 R22 yeeo Miilheims. 1,5601 : 1.5977 Pulfrich. 1,661 s 1.697 DesCloiseaux. 1.5190 4 1.5260 = 1.7202 ! 1.8197 Dufet. I 3346 d 1.5064 Schrauf. 1°4932 : 1.4980 Tops6e & Christiansen. 1.5397 : 1.5716 Calderon. 1.9505 d 2.2405 Schrauf. 1.62 : 1.6375 Miilheims. 1.630 to : 1.637 to 1.613 : 1.623 1.4568 : 1.4836 Topsée & Christiansen. Anglesite Anhydrite Antipyrin Aragonite Axinite Barite . Borax . , Copper sulphate ; Gypsum Mica (muscovite) . Olivine . Orthoclase 2 Potassium bichromate 2 = nitrate « sulphate Sugar (cane) Sulphur (rhombic) Topaz (Brazilian) Topaz (different kinds) Zinc sulphate DoUy = oO Q Various. You vyesyyuyEUUNUOS SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 188 TABLE 179. INDEX OF REFRACTION. Indices of Refraction relative to Air for Solutions of Salts and Acids. Indices of refraction for spectrum lines. Substance. Density. | Temp. C. Authority. 0 (a) SotutTions 1n WATER. Ammonium chloride} 1.067 | 279.05 |1.37703]1-37936/ 1.38473 1.39336) Willigen. a é 1025 | 29.75 | -34850) -35050] -35515 -36243; “ Calcium chloride -398 | 25.65 | .44000] .44279] .44938 -46001 ro . -215, | 22.9 39411} .39652] .40206 41078 se < sé a143)4] G25: 37152] -37309| -37876 -38666 fs Hydrochloric acid .| 1.166 | 20.75 |1.40817|1.41109]1.41774 1.42816 ss Nitric acid . : 359 | 18.75 | .39893] .40181] .40857 41961 ss Potash (caustic) . -416 | 11.0 .40052| .40281] .40808 .41637 | Fraunhofer. Potassium chloride .|normal solution} .34087] .34278] .34719 — |Bender. “ce double normal | .34982| -35179} -35645 36029} .36512 “cr “ec “ce 35831 - 21.6 | 1.41071} 1.41334) 1.41936 18.07 | .37562] .37789| .38322 18.07 | -35751| -35959| -36442 18.07 | .34000] .34191| .34628 triple normal 1.42872 | Willigen. - |Schutt. Soda (caustic) Sodium chloride . “ “ “ “ Sodium nitrate 22.8 |1.38283} 1.38535] 1-39134 1.40121] Willigen. -43009 Sulphuric acid 18.3 43444] -43 -44168 44883 € “ ee 18.3 -42227| .42466] .42967 43094 « a a 18.3 -36793] .37009] .37468 38158 B o -33663] - “342 -34938] 1.41738 -38845, 1.39977 | 1.40222] 1.40797 26.4 -37292| -37515| .38026 Zinc chloride . . “ “ce ‘ ‘< 1.35791 | 1.35971) 1-36395 -35556| -35986 398 361 i *3795 Ethyl alcohol . . .| 0.789 1.37094| Willigen. 36662 3759 |Kundt. 3821 cs Fuchsin (nearly sat- UTated) pron coh deen - Cyanin (saturated) . - Note. — Cyanin in chloroform also acts anomalously ; for example, Sieben gives for a 4.5 per cent. solution u14= 1.4593, Hs = 1.4695, ur(green) = 1.4514, we (blue) = 1.4554. For a 9.9 per cent. solution he gives 41= 1.4902, wr (green) = 1.4497, we (blue) = 1.4597. (c) SoLtutions oF PoTass1umM PERMANGANATE IN WATER.* Wave- Spec- | Index Index Index Index Spec- | Index Index Index Index ivner trum for for for or length trum for for for for X 108. line. | 1% sol. | 2 % sol. | 3% sol. | 4 % sol. | 'S:| Jine. | 1 % sol. | 2 % sol. | 3 % sol. | 4 % sol. B_ | 1.3328 | 1.3342 - 1.3382 | 51.6 | — | 1.3368 | 1.3385 - - C | .3335 | -3348 | 1.3365 | .3391 | 50.0] - | 3374 | -3383 | 1-3386 | 1.3404 — | -3343 | -3365 | -3381 | .3410 | 48.6] F | .3377| - 2 -3408 - | -3354 | -3373 | -3393 | 3426] 48.0} - | .3381 | -3395 | -3398 | -3413 D’) | 3353/1) -3372) yi -3426 | 46.4] - | -3397 | -3402 | .3414 | -3423 — | 3362 | .3387 | -3412 | .3445 | 44.7] - | -3407 | .3421 | -3426 | -3439 - | -3366 | .3395 | -3417 | -3438] 43-4] - | 3417] - = +3452 E 35930 tes = ~ | 42.3] - | -3431 | -3442 | -3457 | -3468 -3362 | .3377 | -3388 | - * According to Christiansen. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TaBLE 180. 189 INDEX OF REFRACTION. Indices of Refraction of Liquids relative to Air. Index of refraction for spectrum lines. Substance. Cc Authority. “ACETONE «| 2) 6, « 1.3694 Korten, Almond oil . .. -4847 Olds. JeNTNEMNE 1S ete agi tic -6041 Weegmann. Amiseedoil| 5. : 5047 Willigen. se CS ig bbe 5743 Baden Powell. Benzenet. .. . 1.5148 Gladstone. bs Sects) | 6 5095 ss Bitter almond oil . : “5023, |< Landolt. Bromnaphtalin . . 6819 | . Walter. Carbon disulphide t¢ 1.6688 | 1. Ketteler. se “cc 6523 “ 6592 Gladstone. ’ e 63 2 Dufet. Cassia oil . a 63389 Baden Powell. Le en eae ae 2: 6314 s s Chinoling 7s, . <4 1.6361 | 1. Gladstone. Chloroform . . . 4555 Gladstone & Dale. a 4525 Lorenz. Cinnamon oil . . : -6505 Willigen. Chere ce mcrt oe 1.3606 Gladstone & Dale. ae ces ae 3573 3641 Kundt. Ethyl alcohol . . 33077) |. .- BIRO ne Korten. “ “ ne 3630 : 3098 Es “ “359 ° +3957 ri 3025 |) 3683 Gladstone & Dale. Glycerine...) 3 «|| 20: ||) 1:47.00 1.4784 Landolt. Methyl alcohol . . -3308 -3362 : Baden Powell. Oliveloily ey 5 eo0 \ 4738 “4825 Olds. Rock oil... . 4345 4644 Turpentine oil . .| 10.6] 1.4715 1.4817 Fraunhofer. is eee rt ee ZO. 7b y-ACO2 -4793 Willigen. TUGWENS 655 oy woMlly exe) -4Q1I +5070 Bruhl. WIKEEEIGY Zopesest «| 20 .3312 -3372 Means. * Weegmann gives tp — 1.59668 — .000518 7. Knops gives ¢yp— 1.61500— .00056 2. ¢ Weegmann gives wp —1.51474—.000665%. Knops gives ¢p = 1.51399 — -000644 #. ¢ Willner gives 4 ¢— 1.63407 — .00078 ¢ ; b#yp— 1.66908 — .00082 7; py, = 1.69215 — .o0085 2. § Dufet gives “p= 1.33397 — 1077 (125 ¢+ 20.6 £2 — .000435 4 — oor #4) between 0° and 50°; and nearly the same variation with temperature was found by Ruhlmann, namely, 4p = 1.33373 — 10—7 (20.14 2? ++ .000494 #4), SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 190 A formula was given by Biot and Arago expressing the dependence of the index of refraction of a gas on pressure and temperature. mz is the index of refraction for temperature ¢, 79 for temperature zero, a the coefficient of expansion of the gas with temperature, and the pressure of the gas in millimetres of mercury. Taking the mean value, for air and TABLE 181. INDEX OF REFRACTION. Indices of Refraction of Gases and Vapors. More recent experiments confirm their conclusions. white light, of 729 —1 as 0.0002936 and a as 0.00367 the formula becomes %,—1 —_ .0002936 ' Pe ___-0002895 P 1-+.00367# 1.0136 X 108 1 + .00367 10” The formula is #,—1= P Mo—1 1-++ at760 where P is the pressure in dynes per square centimetre, and ¢ the temperature in degrees Centigrade. (a) The following table gives some of the values obtained for the different Fraunhofer lines for air. Spectrum line. Index of refraction according to — Ketteler. PRrad HOAw> Pp. 25-27): Substance. HACEtONe seer. «7s Ammonia “ec Argon. Benzene . Bromine... Carbon dioxide Carbon disul- i phide Carbon mon- oxide Chlorine . Chloroform . Cyanogen Ethyl alcohol Ethyl ether . Helium Hydrochloric ACIG Nas. vs 1.0002929 2935 2938 2947 2958 1.0002968 2987 3003 Kind of light. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Lorenz. 1.0002893 2899 2902 2911 2922 1.0002931 2949 2963 Indices of refraction and authority. I.001079-I.001 100 1.000381-1.00038 5 1.00037 3-1.000379 1.000281 Rayleigh. 1.001700-1.001823 1.001132 Mascart. 1.000449-1.0004 50 1.000448—I.0004 54 1.001500 Dulong. 1.001 478-1.001 485 1.000340 Dulong. 1.000335 Mascart. 1.000772 Dulong. 1.000773 Mascart. 1.001 430-1.001 464 1.000834 Dulong. 1.000784—1.00082 5 1.00087 I-1.00088 5 I.0OI §21—I.001 544 1.000036 Ramsay. 1.000449 Mascart. 1.000447 ns Kayser & Runge. 1.0002905 2911 2914 2922 2933 1.0002943 2962 2978 2980 2987 Substance. Hydrogen . Hydrogen sul- phide Methane. . . “ Methyl alcohol . Methyl ether Nitric oxide . “ “ Nitrogen . “ce Nitrous oxide Oxygen “ Pentane ‘ Sulphur dioxide Water. . GHM nHOV OoZwZ Kind of light. white white D white D white D white D D white D white Index of refraction according to Kayser & Runge. 1.0002993 3003 3015 1.0003023 3031 3043 1.0003053 3064 3075 (b) The following are compiled mostly from a table published by Briihl (Zeits. fiir Phys. Chem. vol. 7, The numbers are from the results of experiments by Biot and Arago, Dulong, Jamin, Ketteler, Lorenz, Mascart, Chappius, Rayleigh, and Riviére and Prytz. of one observer the name of that observer is given. When the number given rests on the authority The values are for 0° Centigrade and 760 mm. pressure. Indices of refraction and authority. 1.0001 38—1.000143 1.000132 Burton. 1.000644 Dulong. 1.000623 Mascart. 1.000443 Dulong. 1.000444 Mascart. 1.0005§49-1.000623 1.000891 Mascart. 1.000303 Dulong. 1.000297 Mascart. 1.00029 5-I.000300 1.000296-1.000298 1.000503-I.000507 1.000516 Mascart. 1.00027 2-1.000280 1.00027 I-1.000272 1.001711 Mascart. 1.000665 Dulong. 1.000686 Ketteler. 1.000261 Jamin. 1.000249-1.000259 ee where TABLES 182-184.—THE REFLECTION OF LIGHT. IQI According to Fresnel the amount of light reflected by the surface of a transparent medium =} (44+ 2) =1 {sme tan? (¢ — 7) re ~ 2tsin?(¢+7) © tan? (¢-+7) dence; Z is that polarized perpendicular to this ; ¢ and y are the angles of incidence and refraction. t A is the amount polarized in the plane of inci- TABLE 182. — Light reflected when i = 0° or Incident Light is Normal to Surface. (4 +<2).| 2.78 4.00 5:33 6.72 8.16 9.63 Nuh O wm wn Pwr T.015 1.063 1.149 1.282 1.482 1.778 2.221 2.904 4.000 5.857 9-239 16.000 31.346 73-979 222.85 1099.85 17 330.64 16808.08 17009. 36 ee) © dB.t M4+B).| 455" 0.130 +129 +126 oI2I II4 105 °094 081 .066 1049 +027 .007 —.013 —.032 —-+050 —.060 —.069 —.067 —.o61 —-055 —.046 —.036 —.022 —.000 mn On a RO ODYADAADBAD CON WwW CO POR R AR RD a Sau Nun OW Angle of total polarization = 57° 10/.3, A = 16.99. * This column gives the degree of polarization. ; + Columns 5 and 6 furnish a means of determining 4 and Z for other values of x, They represent the change in these quantities for a change of 2 of 0.0%. Taken from E. C, Pickering’s “‘ Applications of Fresnel’s Formula for the Reflection of Light.” SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 192 TABLE 185. REFLECTION OF METALS. Perpendicular Incidence and Reflection. The numbers give the per cents of the incident radiation reflected. Silver-backed Glass, Mercury-backed Glass. Mach’s Magnalium. 69A4/+-31Me, Brandes-Schiinemann Alloy. Ross’ Speculum Metal, 68.2Cu +3 31.857, Nickel, Electrolytically Deposited. Copper. Electrolytically Deposited. Steel, Untempered, Copper. Commercially Pure, Platinum. Electrolytically Deposited, Gold. Electrolytically Deposited. Brass. (Trowbridge), Silver. Chemically Deposited, 32Cu-+34S5n-+ 29Ni+ 5 Fe. Www 1 © SOW ooo” CO OONTINT NI ARB SOINO Based upon the work of Hagen and Rubens, Ann. der Phys. (1) 352, 1900; (8) 1, 1902; (11) 873, 1903. Taken partly from Landolt-Bornstein-Meyerhoffer’s Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen. Further references: Nichols, Wied, Ann. 60, 401, 1897, ' Nutting, Phys. Rev. 13, 193, 1901. De la Provastaye and P. Desains, Ann. Chim. Phys, (3) Paschen, Ann. der Phys. 4, 304, 1901. Conroy, Proc. Roy. Soc. 35, 26, 1883 30, 276, 1850. Rayleigh, Proc, Roy. Soc. 41, 274, 1886.’ Langley, Phil. Mag. (5) 27, 10, 1889. Rubens, Wied. Ann. 37, 249, 1889. Mach and Schumann, Wien. Ber. 108, 135, 1899. Trowbridge, Wied. Ann. 65, 595, 1898. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLES 186-188. 193 TRANSMISSIBILITY FOR RADIATION OF JENA GLASSES. TABLE 186. Coefficients, a, in the formula 7 = /oa‘, where / is the Intensity before, and % after, transmission through the thickness ¢, expressed in centimetres. Deduced from observations by Miiller, Vogel, and Rubens as quoted in Hovestadt’s Jena Glass (English translation). Coefficient of transmission, a. Type of Glass. A=]. . 434M | 436 | 455K | 477K O 340, Ord. light flint O 102, H’vy silicate flint O 93, Ord. ss S Oizo3;, “ “ crown O 598, (Crown) S 204, Borate crown S179, Med. phosp. cr. O 1143, Dense, bor. sil. cr. O 1092, Crown OMnng1, O 451, Light flint O 469, Heavy “ O 500, “ “ S 163, “ “ TABLE 187. Note: With the following data, ¢ must be expressed in millimetres; i.e. the figures as given give the transmissions for thickness of 1 mm. Wave-length in p. No. and Type of Glass. Visible Spectrum. Ultra-violet Spectrum. 644M |.578 &|.546 MK |.509 1H |.480 M |.436M |.405 |.384 M|.361 M |.340 |.332K|.309 M|.280p F 3815 Dark neutral F 4512 Red filter F 2745 Copper ruby F 4313 Dark yellow F 4351 Yellow F 4937 Bright yellow F 4930 Green filter F 3873 Blue filter F 3654 Cobalt glass, transparent for outer red : : OSuIEOv NT.) [TO 7 |1.0\ {1.0 F 3653 Blue, ultraviolet : :05)/1.0" |1.0" |T:07 1T.0 1-0 F 3728 Didymium, str’g bands : . i : : :96")|) 90, || -99) |/".89!'|/ 89) |. .77 This and the following table are taken from Jenaer Glas fiir die Optik, Liste 751, 1909 TABLE 188.— Transmissibility of Jena Ultra-violet Glasses. No. and Type of Glass, | Thickness, | 0.397 | 0.383 @ | 0.361 mM | 0.346 m@ | 0.325 m@ | 0.309m@ | 0,280 UV 3199 Ultra-violet f “ 6“ : 0.99 : ; 0.57 ce 1 ; 0.89 UV 3248 : “ ; 1,00 0.91 a - 0.98 ; 0.38 «“ 5 0.79 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 194 TABLE 189. TRANSMISSIBILITY FOR RADIATION. Transmissibility of the Various Substances of Tables 166 to 175. Alum: Ordinary alum (crystal) absorbs the infra-red. Metallic reflection at 9.054 and 30 to 40u. Rock-salt : Rubens and Trowbridge (Wied. Ann. 65, 1898) give the following transparencies fo1 atm. thick plate in %: 99-5 | 99.5 | 99.3 | 97-6 | 93.1 | 84.6 | 66.1 BLOM) 22755 Pfliiger (Phys. Zt. 5. 1904) gives the following for the ultra-violet, same thickness: 280up, 95.5% ; 231, 86%; 210, 77%; 186, 70%. Metallic reflection at 0.110m, 0.156, 51.2, and 874. Sylvine: Transparency of a 1 cm. thick plate (Trowbridge, Wied. Ann. 60, 1897). OFT Oe 5a 99-5. 97-5" |. 95-4 Metallic reflection at 0.114p, 0.161, 61.1, 100. Fluorite: Very transparent for the ultra-violet nearly to 0.1. . Rubens and Trowbridge give the following for a 1 cm. plate (Wied. Ann. 60, 1897) : r 9 II % 84.4 | 54.3 | 16.4 1.0 "Metallic reflection at 24M, 31.6, 40m. Iceland Spar: Merritt (Wied. Ann. 55, 1895) gives the following values of & in the formula’ i==ii,e-** (d'in:cm.): For the ordinary ray: 2.30 | 2.44 2.95 | 3.04 | 3.30 | 3.47 | 3-62 | 380 | 3.98 | 4.35 | 4.52 | 4.83 2.49 | 2.87 | 3.00 | 3.28 | 3.38 | 3.59 | 376 | 390 | 4.02 | 4.41 | 4.672 4-91 | §.04 | 5-34 | 550K 2.13 | 4.41 12.8 Quartz: Very transparent to the ultra-violet; Pfliiger gets the following transmission values for a plate 1 cm. thick: at 0.2224, 94.2%; 0.214, 92; 0.203, 83.6; 0.186, 67.2%. Merritt (Wied. Ann. 55, 1895) gives the following values for 4 (see formula under Iceland Spar) : For the ordinary ray: r 2172) \i2.08)| 2:05 k 0.20 | 0.47 | 0.57 3-17 | 3-38 | 3.67 (0:20) Orr's) |" 1.26 3:07 0.31 382 | 3.96 | 4.12 | 4.50n 1.61 | 2.04 | 3.41 | 7.30 3-26 | 3-43 | 3:52 | 3-59 | 3-64 | 3-74 | 3.91 0.26 | 0.11 | O51 | 0.76 | 1.88 | 1.83 | 1.62 | 2.22 | 3.35 For A>7 p, becomes opaque, metallic reflection at 8.5ou, 9.02, 20.75-24.4u, then trans- parent again. The above are taken from Kayser’s ‘‘ Handbuch der Spectroscopie,”’ vol. iii. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TaBLes 190-191. 195 TRANSMISSIBILITY FOR RADIATION. TABLE 190.— Color Screens. The following light-filters are quoted from Landolt’s “ Das optische Drehungsvermégen, etc.” 1898. Although only the potassium salt does not keep well it is perhaps safer to use freshly prepared solutions, 2 (Grammes of | Optical cen- Water solutions of substance | tre of band, Transmission. begins about 0.718y. Crystal-violet, sBO ; Potassium monochromate oO. ends sharp at 0.639. Yellow Nickel-sulphate, NiSO4.7aq. ; 0.5919 | 0.614-0.574m, § Potassium monochromate Potassium permanganate Green Copper chloride, CuClg.2aq. 3 0.5330 | 0.§40-0.505u se 2 Potassium monochromate : 56 d Bright Double-green, SF 0.4885 | } 0-526-0-494 an blue Copper-sulphate, CuSO4.saq. | 0.494-0.455)4 Dark j Crystal-violet, 5BO 0.4482 | 0.478-0.410" blue Copper sulphate, CuSOq.5aq. TABLE 191. — Color Screens. The following list is condensed from Wood’s Physical Optics, 2nd edition: Methy] violet, 4R: (Berlin Anilin Fabrik) very dilute, and nitroso-dimethyl-aniline transmits 0,365. Methy] violet + chinin-sulphate (separate solutions), the violet solution made strong enough to blot out 0.4359, transmits 0.4047 and 0.4048, also faintly 0.3984. Cobalt glass + aesculin solution transmits 0.4359u. Guinea green B extra (Berlin) + chinin sulphate transmits 0.491 6p. Neptune green (Bayer, Elberfeld) + chrysoidine. Dilute the latter enough to just transmit 0.5790 __ and 0.5461; then add the Neptune green until the yellow lines disappear. ‘Chrysoidine + eosine transmits 0.5790@. The former should be dilute and the eosine added until __ the green line disappears. Silver chemically deposited on a quartz plate is practically opaque except to the ultra-violet region 0.3160-0.3260 where 90% of the energy passes through. The film should be of such thickness that a window backed by a brilliantly lighted sky is barely visible. In the following those marked with a * are transparent to a more or less degree to the ultra-violet: * Cobalt chloride: solution in water, — absorbs 0.50-.534; addition of CaClz widens the band to 0.47-.50. It is exceedingly transparent to the ultra-violet down to 0.20. If dissolved in methyl alcohol + water, absorbs 0.50-.53 and everything below 0.35. In methyl alcohol alone 0.485- 0.555 and below o.4ou. Copper chloride: in ethyl alcohol absorbs above 0.585 and below 0.535 ; in alcohol + 50% water, above 0.595 and below 0.37. Neodymium salts are useful combined with other media, sharpening the edges of the absorption bands. In solution with bichromate of potash, transmits 0.535-.565 and above o.60u, the bands very sharp (a useful screen for photographing with a visually corrected objective). Praesodymium salts: three strong bands at 0.482, .468, .444. In strong solutions they fuse into a sharp band at 0.435-.485u. Absorption below 0.34. Picric acid absorbs 0.36-.42u, depending on the concentration. Potassium chromate absorbs 0.40-.35, 0.30-.24, transmits 0.23. * Potassium permanganate: absorbs 0.555-.50, transmits all the ultra-violet. Chromium chloride: absorbs above 0.57, between 0.50 and .39, and below 0.334. These limits vary with the concentration. Aesculin: absorbs below 0.363, very useful for removing the ultra-violet. * Nitroso-dimethyl-aniline: very dilute aqueous solution absorbs 0.49-.37 and transmits all the _ ultra-violet. Very dense cobalt glass + dense ruby glass or a strong potassium bichromate solution cuts off everything below 0.70 and transmits freely the red. Iodine: saturated solution in CS is opaque to the visible and transparent to the infra-red. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 196 TABLE 192. TRANSMISSIBILITY FOR RADIATION. Color Screens. Jena Glasses. Kind of Glass. N Color. Region Transmitted. Copper-ruby . . Deepred ... .|Onlyredtoo@p. ..... . Goldauby...o-4/| agqa| Rep eemiee ter alii ted Yellow, in inailareceitee t : Red, yellow, green to Ey; in Uranium . , Bright yellow . thin layer also blue ; ; Ke } Bright yellow, fluo- i TeSCes. Nickell. ; Bright yellow-brown 1 Red, yellow, green (weakened), t blue (very weakened) Chromium : Yellow-green . . .|Yellowish-green . siete Gots easels Greenish-yellow . .|Red, green; from o.65-.5on . . . Green copper. . Green. . . . . .|Green, yellow, some red and blue . C@hromiumyaros. 21) Yellow-green . . .| Yellowish-green, some red . Copper chromium Grass-oreen’ ©. 4.; .-/( Greeny «24 pmeplccence pie annem Green-filter . . Dark green. - . .|Green (in thin sheets some blue) . 2 eam erncr . Saeetette! he ts GTECM sc eens tet me eat mom Copper py its < Blue, as‘€uS@, . .| Green, blue; ‘violet 9.) 2) 29%. Blue-violet . . Blue}asicobalt glass | Blue; ‘violet; i: 5029 e yemueuee Mae ie. Mee Ze } Blue, violet, blue-green eat ened), xo red Cobalt . Se Blue ... . . .|Blue, violet, extreme red. . . Nickel . oe eele4'5 Dark violet. . . .| Violet (G-H), extreme red Violet : s “ .). . .| Violet (G-H), some weakened . Gray ei eee bese: no eo emerecord nizable color All parts of the spectrum weakened See “ Uber Farbgliser fiir wissenschaftliche und technische Zwecke,” by Zsigmondy, Z. fiir In: strumentenkunde, 21, 1901 (from which the above table is taken), and ‘‘ Uber Jenenser Licht! filter,” by Grebe, same volume. (The following notes are quoted from Everett’s translation of the above in the English edition o; Hovestadt’s “ Jena Glass.”’) Division of the spectrum into complementary colors: 1st by 2728 (deep red) and 2742 (blue, like copper sulphate). 2nd by 454! (bright yellow) and 447™ (blue, like cobalt glass). 3rd by 433 (greenish-yellow) and 424" (blue). Thicknesses necessary in above: 2728, 1.6-1.7 mm.; 2742, 5; 454™, 16; 447™, 1.5-2.0; 433™ 2.5-3.53 424, 3 mm. Three-fold division into red, green and blue (with violet) : 2728, 1.7mm.; 4147, 1omm.; 447", 1.5 mm., or by 2728, 1.7 mm.; 4304, 2.6mm.; 447, 1.8 mm. Grebe found the three following glasses specially suited for the additive methods of three-colo: projection: 2745, red; 438%, green; 447™, blue violet ; corresponding closely to Young’s three elementary color sensations. Most of the Jena glasses can be supplied to order, but the absorption bands vary somewhat i different meltings. See also “Atlas of Absorption Spectra,” Uhler and Wood, Carnegie Institution Publications ‘1907. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TaBLes 193, 194. ROTATION OF PLANE OF POLARIZED LIGHT. 197 TABLE 193.—Tartaric Acid; Camphor; Santonin; Santonic Acid; Cane Sugar. A few examples are here given showing the effect of wave-length on the rotation of the plane of polarization. The rotations are for a thickness of one decimetre of the solution. ‘The examples are quoted from Landolt & Bérn- stein’s ‘‘ Phys. Chem. Tab.’’ The following symbols are used : — ~=number grammes of the active substance in 100 grammes of the solution. oo ee “ce solvent ae “ce ac ae “ “ “ 7 active < “* cubic centimetre Right-handed rotation is marked +-, left-handed —. Wave-length | Tartaric acid,* CuH,Og, Camphor,* C,)H,,O, Santonin,t C,;H,.0s3, Line of | according to dissolved in water. disselved in alcohol. dissolved in chloroform, spectrum. | Angstrém in g=50 togs, 79=75 to 96.5, Cc. temp. = 22.9° C. temp. = 20° C. —140°.1 + 0.2085 ¢ + 2°.748 + 0.094469 | 38°.549—0.0852¢ | —149.3 +0.1555¢ + 1.950 + 0.13030 7 51.945 — 0.0904 g — 202.7 + 0.3086 ¢ + 0.153 + 0.175149 74.331 — 0.1343 7 — 285.6 + 0.5820 9 = = = = — 302.38 + 0.6557 7 — 0.832 + 0.19147 9 79.348 — 0.1451 9 - - — 3.598 + 0.23977 y 99.001 — 0.1912 g — 365.55 + 0.8284 9 — 9-057 + 0.314379 | 149.696—0.23469 | -— 534.95-+ 1.52409 ome SmpawW Santonin,t C,;H 303, Santonic acid,t Cane susard ’ Santonin,t C,;H4,Os, » dissolved in alcohol. : : ; ; 15449904, dissolved in | dissolved in } gjssolyed in 12H O41, alcohol. chloroform | chloroform, | “solved in ¢ = 4.046. | c= 3.1-30.5. c= 27.192. TG temp. = temp.= | temp. = 20° C. p=10 to 30. 20°'C. ROMmMOTHNAW * Arndtsen, ‘f Ann. Chim. Phys.” (3) 54, 1858. t Narini, ‘““R. Acc. dei Lincei,” (3) 13, 1882. + Stefan, ‘‘ Sitzb. d. Wien. Akad.” 52, 186s. TABLE 194.— Sodium Chlorate; Quartz. Sodium chlorate (Guye, C. R. 108, 1889). Quartz (Soret & Sarasin, Arch. de Gen. 1882, or C. R. 95, 1882).* Temp. | Rotation . Wave- Rotation Spec- Wave- Rotation Cc. trum per mm. : length. per mm. na length. per mm. 15°.0 12°.668 | Cdg | 36.090 17-4 14.304 | N 35.818 20.6 15.746 | Cdio| 34.655 18.3 O 34-400 16.0 : 17.318 11.9 21.684 | Cdir| 34.015 10.1 215727) [pk 33-600 14.5 Q 32.858 13-3 27.543 | Cdie2 | 32.470 14.0 . 32-773 10.7 42.604 | R 31.798 12.9 Cdy7z 27.467 12-1 47-481 | Cdig | 25.713 11.9 51.193 23-125 Il 52-155 12.8 22.645 12.2 §5-625 | Cdos |} 21.935 11.6 58.894 21.431 * The paper is quoted from a paper by Ketteler in “ Wied. Ann.” vol. 21, p. 444. The wave-lengths are for the Fraunhofer lines, Angstrém’s values for the ultra violet sun, and Cornu’s values for the cadmium lines. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 198 TABLE 195. NEWTON’S RINGS. Newton's Table of Colors. The following table gives the thickness in millionths of an inch, according to Newton, of a plate of air, water, and glass corresponding to the different colors in successive rings commonly called colors of the first, second, thi etc., orders. Thickness in Thickness in millionths of an millionths of an inch for — : Color inch for— Color for re- Color for 5 eee Color for re- | for trans- ree flected light. ae a a flected light. | mitted | Ss : e light. . | Very black _ oO. ; .2 Yellow. ./| Bluish Black . .|White. .] 1. . 9 green Beginning Red =o] =— of black . —_ 2. A ‘ Bluish red — Blue . .| Yellowish red . White . .| Black. Yellow. .| Violet Orange . — Red oo. .opblue! <% Bluish green . —_ Green . .| Red . Yellowish green . _ Red. . .| Bluish green Craeieratie hea An Oe UM Violet . .| White . Indigo. . _ Blue . .| Yellow Green . .| Red . Yellow. .| Violet Orange . _— Bright red | Blue Scarlet. . — Greenish blue . Red. Greenish blue . Red. Drm Op fx NI HWP OR tet Purple. .| Green A Indigo. . = 1} 17.6 | 14.2 Greenish Blue) . ~| Yellow SD oe) w oo un Oo bt wn (B) FFF black blasting powder (C) Permissible explo- sive; nitroglycerin class (D) Permissible explo- sive; ammonium nitrate class (E) Permissible explo- sive; hydrated class Chemical Analyses. (A) Moisture . . . ae TOOL (D) Moisture Natroplyceriny. j 5.3; Se) 2°. '.., 30/68 Ammonium nitrate Sodiuminitrate.; 3, . .:3 . « 42.46 Sulphur NNGOG UID) fc.fap + + ce, EQ.58 Starch . Calcium carbonate. 2s. 2 3. 3.37 Wood pulp : Poisonous matter: . (B) Moisture cP cth het komm se cA he 0.80 Manganese peroxide . OGIMMyMItratey s Vs) fede s , suf ley 70857 Sandae wil se. Charcoal yw asl soi cyas «lel eAle7d SUM, Weve) cs) oly . . 10.89 Moisture; 4), <) ¢<)s1s ; Nitroglycerin (C)eMoistuneteyacaity bol eas oy oe 7-80 Ammonium nitrate Nitroglycerin, . . . . « « » 24.02 Sand. . Sodium nitrate . 36.25 Coal . Wood pulp and crude fibre from Clay . : 2 grains. . » 9.20 Ammonium sulphate F Stanchis mance. Ree eee ILC Zinc sulphate (7HO) . Calcium carbonate . Steen O07, Potassium sulphate Magnesium “5 2 2 . ste) 10:30 * One pound of slay tamping used. + Two pounds of clay tamping used. ¢ Rate of burning, § Cartridges 13 in. diam. || For 300 grammes. Compiled from U. S. Geological Survey Results, — ‘‘ Investigation of Explosives for use in Coal Mines, 1909.” SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 204 TABLE 204. HEAT OF Heat of combination of elements and compounds expressed in units, such that when unit mass of the substance is units, which will be raised in temperature Combined Combined with chlorine pet with sulphur forms — i forms — Combined Substance. with oxygen forms — Heat units. Author- ity. CaS > oat in tN Ww 9 Oo Calcium . : : : 3284] CaCle Carbon — Diamond . : 7859 ~ cs « : 0 2141 - “« —Graphite . ; 7796 - Chlorine . : ; . — 254 - Copper . : ; : 321 CuCl ss ; 2 ; : 585} CuCl, - : ° . : 593 - Hydrogen* . 2 . 34154 HCl 22000 HeS ee . : A : 34800 - - - ss c . ‘: : 34.417 - _ - Tron . : ; ; FeO 1353| FeCle 1464] FeSH2O a - FeCls 1714 - ee OSGi tees m to (eases oO CuS ~ Mm oo NS nN wm Oo a to Iodine . ; f fs T,O5 177 - - Lead ; $ A - PbO 243 PbCle 400 PbS Magnesium. ; : MgO 6077} MgCle 6291 MgsS Manganese * é .| MnOH,O 1721] MnCl. 2042 | MnSH2Oe Mercury . ; -| Hg20 105 HgCl 206 - os . Cn sora ie HgO 153| HgCle 310 HgsS Nitrogen* : eS 3 N,.O — 654 - s : 5 ° : NO —I541 ¥f ° ‘ . iS NOzg — 143 Phosphorus (red). 7 P205 5272 = (yellow) 5747 6 . “ 5964 Potassium : ; ° K,0 1745 KCl Silver : d c . AgeO 27, AgCl Sodium . A : -| NagO 3293 NaCl Sulphur . 4 . 7 SO, 2241 - A i : : ss 2165 - Tin . , . ; SnO 573 SnCle ec - SnCly Zinc . ; : ; ZnO 1185 “ BPN P YH ON COHN RH HH HR HR RS Re et RW OQUW PR BH RW PD 1314] ZnCle Combined Combined Combined Substance. wis +O, : with N+ O35 A with C+ Os; to form — 3 . Calcium . las Og Ca(NOs)o Copper . c =| (CusO;Z Cu(NOs)o Hydrogen 0 . -| HeSO4 HNOs3 Tron . ° ° . . FeSO, Fe(NOs3)o Lead : ; : + SebSO4 Pb(NOs)e Magnesium . . -| MgSO, - Mercury . . : - = Potassium ; é -| KeSO4 KNOs3 Silver . * . -| AgeSOg AgNOgs Sodium , 5 . -| NaeSOg NaNOg3 Zinc « : ‘i o) Z2nsOz - SS eee St Ot AUTHORITIES. 1 Thomsen. 3 Favre and Silbermann. 5 Hess. 7 Andrews. 2 Berthelot. 4 Joule. 6 Average of seven different. 8 Woods. * Combustion at constant pressure. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. COMBINATION. TABLE 204 (continued). 205 caused to combine with oxygen or the negative radical, the numbers indicate the amount of water, in the same from 0° to 1° C. by the addition of that heat. Substance, Calcium Carbon — Diamond. “ “ ‘« —Graphite . Chlorine : 2 Copper. . “ ° Hydrogen : “ Iron . ‘cc 5 Todine Lead . Magnesium Manganese Mercury “e Nitrogen . “ “ec Phosphorus (red) ; es (yellow) . Potassium . Silver Sodium Sulphur “ STeirns “ Zinc . “ Substance. Calcium Copper Hydrogen . Iron . . Lead . Magnesium Mercury Potassium. Silver Sodium Zinc . CuSO4 H.SO4 FeSO, MgSO, KeSO,4 AgoSO4 NagSO4 ZnSO4 1 Thomsen. 2 Berthelot. 4 Joule. * Thomsen, SMITHSONIAN TABLES, 3 Favre and Silbermann. In dilute solutions. CaCl,H20 aan Risto 12 tN o* | FeClo + H2O FeCls ‘8 Tat ° + Welccten aise ae tee 2 Sucre Le Re n KCl NaCl 691 1344 1735 SnCle SnCly ZnCle In dilute solutions. Heat units. Heat Forms — units. 3150 105300 4210 13420 Ca(NOs)o Cu(NO3)2 HNO 5175 1310 24550 2134 475 8595 335 2860 216 4620 2035 Fe(NOs)3 Pb(NOs)2 Mg(NOs)2 Hg(NOs)2 KNO3 AgNOgs3 NaNO3 Zn(NOs)e 4324 753 7160 3820 AUTHORITIES. 5 Hess. 6 Average of seven different. ¢ Total heat from elements, 4690 | CaS + H20 | 2457 Author- me eNIN NH OO CORN R&R eR Ree em ROO OW Be RW eS Author- ity. | 7 Andrews. 8 Woods. = Ss SS SOR Se OR 206 TABLE 205. LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION. The temperature of vaporization in degrees Centigrade is indicated by 7; the latent heat in large calories per kilo- gramme or in small calories or therms per gramme by /7; the total heat from 0° C, in the same units by 4’. The pressure is that due to the vapor at the temperature 7. | Substance. Acetic acid . Air Alcohol: Amyl Eby Benzene . : Bromine A ; : Carbon dioxide, solid . s s liquid “ : a“ « “ disulphide “ “cc Chloroform . Ether . Iodine . Mercury Nitrogen Oxygen Sulphur dioxide pee Turpentine . Water . : “ SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Formula. C2H4O2 C5H 20 CegHe¢O CgHe Br 61 COzg - “ —25 Oo 12.35 22.04 29.85 30.82 46.1 Oo 100 “ 140 CHCl 60.9 C4Hy0O 34.5 . 34-9 oO “c 50 ss 120 I = Hg 357 N —195.6 30 Cyol Tio I 59-3 100 Ioo Authority. Ogier. Fenner-Richtmyer. Schall. Wirtz. Regnault. “ Wirtz. Ramsay and Young. “cc “ec 6c“ Regnault. “ “ Wirtz. Andrews. Favre. Cailletet and Mathias. “ “ “ Mathias. “e “ “ Wirtz. Regnault. “ “ Wirtz. “ Andrews. Regnault. Favre and Silbermann. Mean. Alt. Cailletet and Mathias. cee Brix. Andrews. Regnault. TABLE 205 (continued). 207 LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION.* Substance, formula, and 7=total heat from fluid at o° to vapor at 2° ; 7 = latent heat at 2°. Authority. temperature. Acetone, /= 140.5 + 0.36644 ¢— 0.000516 72 Regnault. C3H,O, Z= 139.9 + 0.233567 + 0.00055358 22 Winkelmann. — 3° to 147°. r = 139.9 — 0.27287 ¢ + 0.0001 571 2 “ Regnault. Benzene, Z= 109.0 + 0.24429 ¢— 0.0001315 2 Carbon dioxide, CO, r= 118.485 (31 — ¢) — 0.4707 (31 — 2) Cailletet and — 25° to 31° Mathias. Regnault. Winkelmann. “ 7= 90.0 + 0.14601 ¢ — 0.000412 7 Z= 89.5 + 0.16993 ¢— 0.0010161 #2 + 0.000003424 7 Carbon disulphide, 2) — 6° to 143°. r = 89.5 — 0.06530 ¢ — 0.0010976 £2 + 0.000003424 #8 Regnault. Winkelmann. 6 Carbon tetrachloride, | 7== 52.0 + 0.14625 ¢— 0.000172 # 7= 51.9 + 0.17867 tf — 0.0009599 2 + 0.000003733 #8 7 = 51-9 — 0.01931 ¢ — 0.0010505 £2 + 0.0000037 33 2 Chloroform, 7= 67.0 + 0.13757 Regnault. CHCls, 7= 67.0 + 0.14716 ¢ — 0.0000937 #2 Winkelmann. — 5° to 159°. r= 67.0 — 0.08519 ¢— 0.0001 444 7? | as Nitrous oxide, v= 131.75 (36.4 — 2) — 0.928 (36.4 — 2)? Cailletet and Mathias. N20, — 20° to 36°. Mathias. Sulphur dioxide, r= 91.87 — 0.3842 ¢ — 0.000340 7? * Quoted from Landolt and Boernstein’s ‘‘ Phys. Chem. Tab.” p. 350. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 208 TABLE 206. LATENT HEAT OF FUSION. This table contains the latent heat of fusion of a number of solid substances in large calories per kilogramme or small calories or therms per gramme. It has been compiled principally from Landolt and Bornstein’s tables. C indicates the composition, 7'the temperature Centigrade, and / the latent heat. Substance. di Authority. Alloys: 30.5Pb+69.5Sn . 183 36.9Pb+ 63.1Sn . 5 5 179 63. Sb sean ; : 5 177.5 ss 77.8Pb+ 22.2Sn cf 25 176.5 as Britannia metal, 9Sn + 1Pb - 236 Ledebur. Rose’s alloy, 24Pb-+ 27.3Sn + 48.7Bi 98.8 Mazzotto. , 25.8Pb+ 14.7Sn <2 Wo0o0d’s alloy } a 52.4Bi + 7Cd 7 ESS : Aluminum . ; R ‘ : 658. Glaser. Ammonia , ¢ : . . —75: Massol. Benzole . ‘ ; : 5-4 t Mean. Bromine. : . . . —7:3 Regnault. Bismuth . ‘ i 268 2. Person. Cadmium . . a . Cd 320.7 : Calcium chloride CaCl, + 6H20 28.5 i G Copper Cu 1083 : Mean. Iron, Gray cast . Gruner. “ White “ee < ac “ Slag Iodine a . Ice “ Spring. . “ Favre and Silbermann. Regnault. Bunsen. Petterson. Rudberg. Person. Pickering. Pionchon, Violle. Petterson. Violle. Joannis. “(from sea-water) weadiy: , ci Mercury Naphthalene . Nickel : . of solids i H20 + 3.535 ; Palladium . Phosphorus Platinum Potassium . ‘ Potassium nitrate Person. Phenol : Petterson. Paraffin 3 : - ; ; - , A Batelli. Silver ‘ : . ° ‘ : Person. Sodium ‘ Joannis. sf nitrate . «© phosphate . ; : ; se Spermaceti Sulphur Tin «. Wax (bees) Zine . SMITHSONIAN TABLES. * Total heat from o° C, Batelli. Person. Mean. “ “ TABLE 207. 209 MELTING-POINTS OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS. The metals in heavier type are often used as standards. The melting-points are reduced as far as possible to a common temperature scale which is the one used by the United States Bureau of Standards in certifying pyrometers. This scale is de- fined in terms of Wien’s law with C taken as 14000, and on which the melting-point of platinum is 1755° C (Nernst and Wartenburg, 1751; Waidner and Burgess, 1753; Holborn and Valentiner, 1770; see C. R. 148, p. 1177, 1909). Above 1100° C, the temperatures are expressed to the nearest 5° C. Temperatures above the platinum point may be uncertain by over 50° C. Element. Melting- Aluminum] 658-1 Antimony Argon Arsenic Barium Beryllium Bismuth Boron Bromine Cadmium Cesium Calcium Chlorine Carbon Cerium Chromium Cobalt Copper Erbium Fluorine Gallium Germanium Gold Hydrogen Indium Iodine Tridium Iron Krypton Lanthanum Lead Lithium Magnesium 630-+. 1 — 188 >Sb, 2000 \ eae mec 321 26 805 — 102 (> 3500) 623 1505 1490 1083 + 3 — 223 30.1 =1700 29 50 Near Mo 1750 — 140 419 +0.5 > Si Remarks. Adjusted. Probably. (Muthmann- Weiss.) Adjusted (Day-Sos- man = 1452). v. Bolton. (Fischer- Alt.) (Waidner - Burgess, unpublished.) (Waidner-Burgess, Nernst-Warten- burg.) See Note. (Muthmann-Weiss.) (Mendenhall-Inger- soll.) (Muthmann- Weiss.) Adjusted. Adjusted. Between Ca and Ba? Various forms. See Landolt-Bornstein. Adjusted from Waid- ner-Burgess= 2910. Adjusted, v. Wartenburg. Above 2000? Mean, Waidner-Bur- gess and Warten- burg. Moissan. Vogel-Tammann. Ramsay. Troost. 210 TaBLe 208. BOILING-POINTS OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS. Element, Range. fo) Aluminum - Antimony = Argon = Arsenic 449-450 ss 280-310 Barium = Bismuth 1420-1435 Boron = Bromine 59-63 Cesium - Carbon - 760-782 sé Cadmium Chlorine Chromium ~ Copper 2100-2310 Fluorine - Helium Hydrogen Todine Tron Krypton Lead Lithium Magnesium Manganese Mercury Nitrogen Oxygen Ozone Phosphorus Potassium Rubidium Selenium Silver Sodium Sulphur Tellurium Thallium 1600-1800 Tin - Xenon = 916-942 —252.5-252.8 —195-7-194.4 —182.5-182.9 287-290 667-7 57 664-694 742-757 444.7-445 Zinc SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Boiling- point. ° 1800. 1440. —186.1 >360. 1430. 61.1 670. 3600. 770 —33-6 2200. 2310. —187. —267. —252.6 >200. 2450. —I51.7 1525. 1400. 1120. 1900. 357+ —I95- —182.7 —II9. 288. 712. 696. 690. 1955: 750. 444.7 1390. 1700. 2270. —I109.1 930. Observer; Remarks. Greenwood, Ch. News, 100, 1909. Ramsay-Travers, Z. Phys. Ch. 38, 1gor. Gray, sublimes, Conechy. Black, sublimes, Engel, C. R. 96, 1883. Yellow, sublimes. Boils in vacuo, Guntz, 1903. Barus, 1894; Greenwood, 1. c. Volatilizes without melting in electric arc. Thorpe, 1880; van der Plaats, 1886. Ruff-Johannsen. Computed, Violle, C. R. 120, 1895. Volatilizes without melting in electric oven, Moisson. Regnault, 1863. Greenwood, Ch. News, 100, 1909. Ss ie: Moisson-Dewar, C. R. 136, 1903. Computed, Tracers, Ch. News, 86, 1902. Mean. Greenwood, 1. c. Ramsay, Ch. News, 87, 1903. Greenwood, I. c. Ruff-Johannsen, Ch. Ber. 38, 1905. Greenwood, 1. c. Crafts; Regnault. Mean. ce Troost, C. R. 126, 1898. Perman; Ruff-Johannsen, Ruff-Johannsen. Greenwood, I. c. Perman; Ruff-Johannsen. Mean. Deville-Troost, C. R. 91, 1880. Greenwood, 1. c. Ramsay, Z. Phys. Ch. 44, 1903. TABLE 209. Zit MELTING-POINTS OF VARIOUS INORGANIC COMPOUNDS.* Melting-point. Date of Substance. Chemical Formula, Particular Pablication. Max. jor Average Value. Aluminum chloride . . AICl3 se nitrate . Al(NOs)3 -+ 9H20 NHg Ammonia . Ammonium nitrates (NH4NOg3 (N H4)2SO4 eS sulphate . as phosphite. NH4H2POg Antimonietted hydrogen . SbHs, Antimony trichloride . . SbClg ss pentachloride . SbCl; Arsenic trichloride. . . AsClg Arsenietted hydrogen. . AsHg3 Barium chlorate . . Ba(C1lOs)2 ROMY Mt cber es ok ope Ba(NOs)e “perchlorate Ba(C1lO4)2 Bismuth trichloride . . BiCls Boric acid. . eae H3gBO3 se anhydride . Borax (sodium borate) Cadmium chloride . sh nitrate Cd(NOs)2 be 4H20 Calcium chloride .. . CaCle ss Crete te ees CaCle + 6H20 nitrate, 73) 6. Ca(NOs)2 . oY ~ . « «| Ca(NOsz)2-+ 4H2O Carbon tetrachloride . CCl4 trichloride... CoCle Sy monoxide 5°.) CO es dioxide i 5s oe «disulphide . @hioriciacid™. (40) =.) 6 HEIO, 2 H,O Chlorine dioxide .. . ClO, Chrome aium. - | KCr(SO4)2 + 12H2O ss citrate) sr 6 6, | Cro (INOs)¢ i 18H2,0 Cobalt'sulphate <= .-. CoSO Cupric: chloride 4 3 = CaCl, (CuprOuste ae thie: ist! = CueCle cn nitrate - «| Cu(NOsz)2-+ 3H2O0 Hydrobromic acid . : HBr Elydrochlornic "5 3). HCl Hydrofluoric “ . HFI Hydroiodic “ ie HI Hydrogen peroxide sins H2O02 «“ phosphide . . PHs ss sulphide. . . HeS Irenichlonides:; <)%, . FeCl3 “nitrate sins Fe(NOs)z + 9H20 ‘« sulphate. aa FeSO4-+ 7H20O Weadichlonide: 23. s PbCly 190. 72.8 =al5e 156. 140. 123. ~ — Ill un -_ atti ON lowna luna | Authority a6 —18, —113.5 414. 593- 505. 227.5 185. 577° 561. 541. NI Prelit tas taate fert| Labohube eof al N m= N 11 ont pin NS G2 9 _— OOO DON “SI [eal o I I powwrv fb LS) ! o _ b&b vO a OW in =~ = ~ Ne) oN % - PeMacemileaeulipedaoil act = $ _ CN ANW NOOO AN QuUHtw _ — Sette eI et ees ed te - WwW oO =e “ metaphosphate . Magnesium chloride “ nitrate . sulphate Manganese chloride Pb(POs)e MgCl Mg(NOs)2 + 6H20 MgSO, + 5H2O MnCle +4H20 ue iit eel ee F Sid 5 noo! avn lwa a nitrate . Mn(NOs)2 + 6H20 se sulphate . MnSOq4 + 5H20 Mercuric chloride . . . HgCle tb Oonlie tie = 1 Friedel & Crafts. 5 Amat. 9 Carnelley, 3 Wroblewski & 16 Tilden, 2 Ordway. 6 Olszewski, 10 Carnelley & O'Shea.” Olszewski. 17 Ladenburg, 3 Faraday. 7 Kammerer, 12 Regnault, 14 Holborn & Wien. 18 Staedel, 4 Marchand, 3 Baskerville, 11 Muir, 15 Roscoe, 19 Clarke, ‘‘ Const. of Nat.’’ *For more extensive tables on this subject, see Carnelley’s ‘‘ Melting and Boiling-point Tables,’ or Landolt and Bdrnstein’s ‘‘ Phys. Chem. Tab,”’ SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 212 TABLE 209 (continued). . MELTING-POINTS OF VARIOUS INORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Melting-point. Date of Publication. Particular Substance. Chemical Formula. a Probable Authority Nickel carbonyl... . NiCO, 2 1890 “ nitrate. . . . .| Ni(NOs3)2 + 6H20 : 1859 uty’ sulphate | suas ie NiSO, + 7H2O0 ; ; : 1834 Nitricjacid’ . si) \eaeomts are HNOsT = : 1878 6» “anhydride 0s) ites N2Os5 ; 1872 S56" SHOXICE Piau ule an ennro nits NO : : fee)3 <¢> “PETOXIGe meame ec N2O4 ; : —10.6 Nitrous anhydride . . . N2Os —82. 1889 Soi TOXIC gona. ‘ N2O - - —102.3 1893 Phosphoric acid (ortho) ; H3PO4 38.6 41.7 40.3 Phosphorous acid . . . HsPO3 70.1 74. 72. Phosphorus trichloride. PCls - - 111.8 1883 s oxychloride . POCIs - - —1.5 1871 disulphide. . P3S6 2096. 298. 297. 1879 pentasulphide P2S5 274. 276. 27) 1879 sesquisulphide P4S3 142. 167. 158. - trisulphide . P2S3 - = 290. 1864 Potassium carbonate . . K2COg3 834. 897. 840. - s chlorate"... . KC1O3 334- 372. 360. - perchlorate. . KC104 - - 610. 1880 chloride. . . KCl 740. 804. 779. - nitrate. KNOg 327. 353: 340 acid phosphate KH.2PO4 - - 96. acid sulphate . KHSO4 - - 200. Silver chloride .7|.. . « AgCl 450. 460. 455: N Wo BSTHESSE SB &SpROC0CC00 Ethylene <)) 5 « - |0.610} —169. —103. Wroblewski or Olszewski. Propylene . - ~ —50.2 Ladenburg, Kriigel. Butylene. . —13.5| .635 Te Sieben. Amylone . : - - 36. Wagner or Saytzeff. Hexylene . : 2 O .76 69. Wreden or Znatowicz. nleptylene. 2.1) 19:35, || «703 96.-99. Morgan or Schorlemmer. Octylene. . 17. 722 122.-123. | Moslinger. Nonylene . 20. 767 140-142. | Beilstein, “Org. Chem.” Decylene . -| CioHe - - 175. sé “ Undecylene ¢ 20. 773 196.-197. = < Dodecylene. . —3I. | .795 212.-214. “ ss Mridecylene) ~~. 2 igs 774 233: Bernthsen. Tetradecylene. . o3 | —I2. | .794 127.4 Krafft. Pentadecylene. . ~ S14 247. Bernthsen. Hexadecylene. . 3 792 ; 155.¢ Krafft, Mendelejeff, etc. Octadecylene . . ; 791 : 179.t Krafft. Eicosylene. . . .871 390.-400. | Beilstein, “Org, Chem.” @eroteneya 1. - ; - Bernthsen. Melene vues! i = ; - ‘ * Liquid at —11.° C, and 180 atmospheres’ pressure (Cailletet). iT7 ae oO “ae ae 46 “e “ 7“ ¢ Boiling-point under 15 mm. pressure, In vacuo. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 216 TABLE 214 (continued). DENSITIES, MELTINC-POINTS, AND BOILINC-POINTS OF SOME ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Chemical Temp. | Specific} Melting-| Boiling- . L Substance. formula. C°. | gravity.| point. point. Authority. (c) Acetylene Series: C,H,,,_,. Acetylene . «© . . % CoHe —8I. —8>s. | Villard. Allylene 9... (2 jaye C3H4 - - Ethylacetylene . . . C4He - +18. | Bruylants, Kutsche- roff, and others. Propylacetylene. . . CsHg 48.50. | Bruylants, Taworski. Butylacetylene . . . CegHio 68.-70. | Taworski. Oenanthylidene. . . C,H. 100.-101. | Beilstein, and oth- ers. Caprylidene 29. 9. .| CgHy, 02) [0.771 ~ 133.-1 34. | Behal. Undecylidene. . . .| Cy1Ha0 - - - 210.215. | Bruylants. Dodecylidene . . .| CyeHee —0o. 810 | —9. 105.* | Krafft. Tetradecylidene. . .| CygsHog | + 6.5] .806 | + 6.5 134.* s Hexadecylidene. . .| CygH30 20. 804 20. 160.* is Octadecylidene . . .| CygHsq 30. .802 30. 184.* ce | (4) Monatomic alcohols: C,H,,,4 ,OH. Methyl alcohol . . .| CH3s0H . | 0.812 = 66. Ethyl alcohol. . . .| CoHsO0H 806 | —130.t 78. Propyl alcohol . . .| CsH;OH 817 ~ 97. From Zander, “ Lieb. Butyl alcohol. . . .| CsHgOH 823 - 117. Ann.” vol. 224, p.85, Amyl alcohol. . . .| C5Hi,OH 829 138. and Krafft, “ Ber.” Hexyl alcohol . . .| CeHi30H 833 157- vol. 16, 1714, Heptyl alcohol . . .| C;7H1;;0H 836 176. FeO 22215 Octyl alcohol. . . .| CgsHi;,OH 839 195. i" 23,2300, Nonylalcohol . . .| CpyHjp9O0H 842 P 213. and also Wroblew- Decyl alcohol . . .|CioH210H 839 | +7. 231. ski and Olszewski, Dodecyl alcohol. . .|Ci2H250H : 831 24. 143. “ Monatshefte,”’ Tetradecyl alcohol . .| C14H2gOH 5 824 38. 167.* vol. 4, p. 338. Hexadecyl alcohol . .| CygH3s0H : 818 50. 190.* Octadecyl alcohol . .|CysHs70H : 813 50: QUT ° 399999990 (e) Alcoholic ethers: C,H,,,4,0. Dimethyl ether . . .| C2H¢O - - — 23.6 | Erlenmeyer, Kreich- baumer. Diethyl ether. . . .| C4Hi0O . | 0.731 | —117| +.34.6 | Regnault, Olszewski. Dipropylether . . .| CgH40 ; 703 = 90.7. | Zander and others. Di-iso-propyl ether. .| CgH 140 . 743 - 609. Ry ; Di-n-butyl ether. . .| CgHisO ; 784 - I4I. Lieben, Rossi, and others. 127s Kessel. 122. Reboul. 170.-175. | Wurtz. 203.-208. | Erlenmeyer and Wanklyn. Di-norm-octyl “ . .| CigH340 : 805 - 280.-282. | Moslinger. Di-sec-butyl ether . .| CgH gO 2 756 Di-iso-butyl cs . CgH gO ‘ -762 Di-iso-amyl “ «| Cy9H220 : 799 Di-sec-hexyl “ . .| CigHo60 - (f) Ethyl ethers: C,,H,,,4,0. WT. Wurtz, Williamson. 63.-64. | Chancel, Briihl. 54. Markownikow. 92. Lieben, Rossi. 78.80. | Wurtz. 112. | Williamson and others. norm-hexyl ether | CgH sO 134.-137. | Lieben, Janeczek. norm-heptyl ether} Cg9H2oO ‘ 165. Cross. norm-octyl ether | Cy9H22O : : 182.-184. | Moslinger. Ethyl-methyl ether. .| CsHsO i 0.725 “propyl “ 3c). GsH~O . | 0.739 iso-propyl ether .| C5H 20 i norm-butyl ether | CH 40 iso-butyl ether .| CgH 40 iso-amylether .}| C7H160 Rial i eat * Boiling-point under 15 mm. pressure. t Liquid at —11.° C, and 180 atmospheres’ pressure (Cailletet). SwmirHsonian Tastes. TABLE 215. 217) LOWERING OF FREEZING-POINTS BY SALTS IN SOLUTION. In the first column is given the number of gramme-molecules (anhydrous) dissolved in 1000 grammes of water; the second contains the molecular lowering of the freezing-point ; the freez- ing-point is therefore the product of these two columns. After the chemical formula is given the molecular weight, then a reference number. : g. mol. g. mol. an 1000 g. H,O 1000 g. H,O g. mol. 1000 g- H,O Molecular Lowering. Molecular Lowering. Molecular Molecular Lowering. oO 0.4978 .02°|]| MgCly, 95.26: 6, 14. S112 : 0.0100 Soke 1.5233 2 0500 BaCl,, 208.3: 3,6, 13. =u5e2 0.00200 are +3000 .00498 : -6099 .O100 .0200 ; 0.02910 Pb(NO3)., 331-0: 1, 2. 0.000 362 5.5° O01 204 .002805 005570 01737 6 LiNO,, 69.07: 9. 25015 . 0.0398 Ba(NO,)., 261.5: 1. -1671 0.000383 B62 -4728 .04805 ; £05845 001259 : 1.0164 .100 : «112 .002681 4 Al,(SO4)s, 342-43 10. .200 : -3139 .005422 ; 0.0131 .500 . -476 .008352 : .0261 .586 : 1.000 Cd(NO,)o, 236.5: 3 | -0543 -750 ; 1.989 8 : -1086 CdCl,, 183.3: . 3.269 217 0.00299 NaCl, 58.50: 3, 20, 12 CdSO,, 208.5: 1, 11. .00690 0.00399 0.000704 ; .0200 .O1000 AgNO,, 167.0: 4, 5. 002685 : .OS41 0221 0.1506 . OLISI : .0818 -04949 aor ’ -03120 : L214 -1081 8645 . -1473 . .429 2325 1.749 : 4129 : 858 +4293 7501 78 1.072 .700 1.253 : ; aks K.SO4, 174.4: 3; 5, 6, 10, 12. ae 9. eee es ’ oe 4 1337 6266 eee 5-3 -3380 : -0350 -00005 : -7149 - - 1000 eece C ; .2000 -0500 5 oCl,, 129.9: 000 .1000 : 0.0276 Wee ee ae 2369 ‘ LiCl, 42.48: 9, 15. 454 397 0.00992 HNwOpD Anny - PONW KHOWOQWW Pww Rk WOunmn 2 ° bm ww N& Um On ON QERE MOMmwo oO 5 POWWLY PROWHALAN NN OWWOHOAOO an” mB OW ep G2 Ge Ga G2 G2 Gd Go WN N OeUN 05, hob Ri nn ° OV WR WGI Wow HRWwWAUU OO Ww mMOOW O ° CuSO,, 159-7: 1, 4, It. 0.000286 B32 . . 0455 | .000843 3-15 ||| CaCl,, rrr.0: : 109952 .002279 3.03 0.0100 gn? ae NaNO,, 85.09: 2, 6, 7. .006670 2.79 .05028 : “508 0.0100 3.6° ,01463 2.59 .1006 :7939 .0250 3.46 TOSI 2.28 .5077 4 BaBr., 297.3: 14. .0500 3-44 2074 1.95 .946 : 0.100 -2000 3-345) -4043 1.84 2.432 : -150 .500 3.24 8898 1.76 3.469 : -200 -5015 ~ 3-30 || MgSO,, 120.4: 1, 4, rr. 3.829 ; “500 1.000 3.15 0.00067 5 3.29 0.0478 : AIBr,, 267.0: 9. 1.0030 3-03 002381 3.10 153 : 0.0078 NH,NOs, 80.11: 6, 8. .01263 : 331 ° 0559 0.0100 3.6° .0580 2: : : 1971 0250 3.50 2104 ; z ; 4355 Weg gags N Quis = = OW x Hausrath, Ann. Phys. g, 1902. 11 Kahlenberg, J. Phys. Ch. 5, rgor. 2 Leblanc-Noyes, Z. Phys. Ch. 6, 1890. 12 Abegg, Z. Phys. Ch. 20, 1896. 3 Jones, Z. Phys. Ch. 11, 1893. 13 Jones-Getman, Am, Ch. J. 27, 1902. 4 Raoult, Z. Phys. Ch. 2, 1888. 14 Jones-Chambers, Am. Ch. J. 23, 1900 5 Arrhenius, Z. Phys. Ch. 2, 1888. 15 Loomis, Wied. Ann. 60, 1897. 6 Loomis, Wied. Ann. 57, 1896. 16 Roozeboom, Z. Phys. Ch. 4, 1889. 7 Jones, Am. Chem. J. 27, 1902: 17 Raoult, Z. Phys. Ch. 27, 1898. 8 Jones-Caldwell, Am. Chem. J. 5, 1901+ 18 Roloff, Z. Phys. Ch. 18, 1895. 9 Biltz, Z. Phys. Ch. 40, 1902. 19 Kistiakowsky, Z. Phys. Ch. 6, 1890. 10 Jones-Mackay, Am. Chem. J. 19, 1897. : 20 Loomis, Wied. Ann. 51, 1894. Compiled from Landolt-Bérnstein-Meyerhoffer’s Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 218 LOWERING OF TABLE 215 (continued). FREEZING-POINTS BY SALTS IN SOLUTION (continued). — Molecular Lowering. CdBr., 272.3: 3, 14. 0.00324 .00718 03627 0719 -1122 .220 .440 .800 I} CuBr,, 223.5: 9. 0.0242 .0S17 2255 -6003 CaBr,, 200.0: 14. 0.0871 1742 3484 5226 MgBr,, 184.28: 14. 0.0517 -103 -207 1517, KBr, 119.1: 9, 21. 0.0305 1850 6801 250 500 PHP HOOWEN MnO HW DOAK 9 ONDNDNMOF ° CN ee on ° C= 2S & YUN Unum _ ° COn wep mA G10) BR Mow WOwWwWw nnn 3 5 ° CdI,, 366.1: 3, 5, 22. 0.00210 .00626 .02062 .048 57 -1360 +333 654 888 KI, 166.0: 9, 2. 0.0651 -2782 6030 1.003 SrI,, 341.3: 22. 0.054 108 .216 +327 NaOH, 40.06: 15. 0.02002 05005 .IO01 -2000 ° PHRPNKOHS Md B&O Nm OM mW N et WwhuUn NO ° Nn O 0 sWwWin ON fe] PWwBW BNUW WOW eSinut fe ° “NI g. mol. 1000 g. H,O KOH, 56.16: 1, 0.00352 .00770 02002 05006 1001 CH,0OH, 32.03: 0.0100 0301 .2018 1.046 3.41 6.200 C,H,;OH, 46.04: 0.000402 .004993 0100 .02892 0705 1292 .2024 5252 1.0891 1.760 3-901 7.91 HI.E1 18.76 0.0173 0778 0.0100 .0200 0500 .100 .200 0.0100 .0200 .0500 -I000 .2000 0.1044 -3397 -7080 Na,CO,, 106.10: Molecular Lowering. 15, 23- 3.60° 3-59 3:44 © 3-43 3-42 3-424 3-50 3-57 24, 25. 18° 1.82 1.811 1.86 1.88 1.944 I, 12, 17, 24-27. 1.672 1.67 1.81 1.707 1.85 1.829 1.832 1.834 1.826 1.83 1.92 2.02 2.12 1.81 1.80 1.79 IS:rS 4-93 4-71 4.54 4-39 6. Se1e 4-93 4.64 4.42 4.17 K,CO,, 138.30: 6. Na.SOg, 126.2: 28. 451° 3-74 3-38 Na,HPO,, 142.1: 22, 29. ° 0.01001 02003 -05008 -1002 g. mol. 1000 g. H,O Molecular Lowering Na,SiO3;, 122.5: 15. 0.01052 6.4 05239 5.86 1048 5.28 2099 4.66 +5233 3-99 HCI, 36.46: 1-3, 6,)13;, 18,'22. 0.00305 3-68° 00095 3.66 .O100 6 01703 -0500 1025 .2000 -3000 -464 516 1.003 1.032 1.500 2.000 2.115 3-000 3-953 4.005 4.657 HNO, 63.05: 3, 13, 15. 0.02004 B.55° -O5015 3.50 .0510 3071 -1004 3.48 -1059 3-53 2015 3-45 .250 3.50 +500 3.62 1.000 3.80 2.000 4.17 3-000 4.64 H;PO,, 66.0: 29. 0.1260 2542 5171 1.071 HPO, 820: 0.0745 -1241 -2482 2.6 1.00 2.39 H,PO,, 98.0: 6, 22. : aigiae 2.8° 2.68 2.49 2.36 2.25 ° PPWOWHHHW WMH & 2.90° 2.75 2.59 2.45 3.0° 2.8 4) 5+ .0200 .0500 .I000 +2000 g-mol. 1000 g. H,O 0.472 +944 1.620 Molecular Lowering. (COOH),, 90.02: 4, x5. 0.01002 02005 .O5019 -1006 .2022 -366 .648 3:3° ae ae 2.64 2.56 22 C3H;(OH)s, 92.06 : 24, 25. 0.0200 .1008 .2031 535 2.40 5-24 (C,H5)20, 74.08: 24 0.0100 0201 -IOII .2038 1.86) 1.86 1.85 1.91 1.98 2.13 1.6° 1.67 1.72 1.702 Dextrose, 180.1: 24, 30. 0.0198 .0470 1326 .4076 1.102 Levulose, 180.1: 0.0201 .2050 “554 1.384 2.77 1.84° 1.85 1.87 1.894 1.921 24, 25. ° 1.87 1.871 2.01 2.32 3-04 CHO, 342.2: 1, 24, 26. 0.000332 001410 009978 .0201 -1305 H,SO,, 98.08 : » 20, 31-33: 13 0.00461 .0100 .0200 .0461 -100 -200 -400 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 1.90° 1.87 1.86 1.88 1.88 4. 4-49 1-20 See page 217. 21 Sherrill, Z. Phys. Ch. 43, 1903. 22 Chambers-Frazer, Am. Ch. J. 23, 1900. 23 Noyes-Whitney, Z. Phys. Ch. 15, 1894. 24 Loomis, Z. Phys. Ch. 32, rg00. 25 Abegg, Z. Phys. Ch. 15, 1894. 26 Nernst-Abegg, Z. Phys. Ch. 15, 1894 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 27 Pictet-Altschul, Z. Phys. Ch. 16, 1895. 28 Barth, Z. Phys. Ch. 9, 1892. 29 Petersen, Z. Phys. Ch. rr, 1893. 30 Roth, Z. Phys. Ch. 43, 1903. 31 Wildermann, Z. Phys. Ch. 15, 1894. 32 Jones-Carroll, Am. Ch. J. 28, 1902. 33 Jones-Murray, Am. Ch. J. 30, 1903. TABLE 216. 219 RISE OF BOILINC-POINT PRODUCED BY SALTS DISSOLVED IN WATER.* This table gives the number of grammes of the salt which, when dissolved in 100 grammes of water, will raise the boiling-point by the amount stated in the headings of the different columns. The pressure is supposed to be 76 centimetres. Salt. 5° 70 10° BaClg + 2H20 . : : : : -5 | (71.6 gives 4°.5 rise of temp.) CaCl Ss abi die NE LO: asia TOs : 25-0/ 32.0| 41.5] 55.5| 69.0 84.5 Ca(NOs3)2-+ 2H20 . | 12. : . . 68.5] 101.0] 152.5| 240.0] 331-5| 443-5 KOH : : : : : 3 20.5] 26.4] 34-5} 47.0] 57.5 67.3 KCeH302 . : 5 : : : 7 31.0] 44.0] 63.5| 98.0] 134.0] 171.5 Khe. : i , i : Mill 20; 36.2] 48.4] (57.4 gives a rise of 8°.s) KsCO3 : : : : : ‘ ; 47-5] 60.5} 78.5| 103.5] 127.5] 152.5 74-0} 99.5] 134. | 185.0 |(220 gives 18°.5) 82.0 | 120.5 | 188.5] 338.5 KeC4H4O, +4H20 . ; : j 2% 90.0} 126.5 | 182.0] 284.0 KNaC4H4Og ; : &3 é 84.81 119.0] 171.0| 272.5] 390.0 KNaCaH40s + 4130 2c! : : 0) 157.0] 266.0} 554.0] 5510.0 LiCl. g : : 2. I5.0| 20.0] 26.0] 35.0] 42.5 LiCl + 2H20 : 5 : : E : 32.0] 44.0] 62.0] 92.0] 123.0 MgCl,.+6H.20 . A : : : 4 55-0 : .O| 170.0] 241.0 MgSO, + 7H20 : é 3 : .0| 262.0 NaOH ; 3 ; : : . 17.0 : 41.0} 51.0 NaCl . : é : :O1 | 2s ; : 25.5 Ge. 7 gives 8°.8 rise) NaNO; : : =) EKO: ; . ; 45.0 : -5§| 156.0| 222.0 NaC2H302 + 3H20 . : é 7 : s 79.7 .1| 194.0] 480.0 | 6250.0 NagS203 s j : ; 59.0 .0| 104.0] 152.0] 214.5 Na,H PO4 . . : a . 63.4 $5.3 NagC4H4O, + 2H,0 . 21.4| 44. 3:9) 121.3 .0| (237.3 gives 8°.4 rise) NagSeO03 + 5H20_. | 23. : 5. 139-3 .O | 400.0 | 1765.0 [| NagCO3 + 10H,O . 3 ; A .4 | 1052.9 NagbyO7 + 10H20 . ; .2| 254.2 -5| (5555-5 gives 4°.5 rise) NH,Cl : ; BSH eke: : 7) 29:7k|' 30:6 56:21 88.5 NH,NO3 . : : .0 | 20. : : 52.0] 74.0] 108.0! 172.0| 248.0 NH4SO4 . : : : : 4 : 71.8| 99.1 | (115-3 gives 108.2) SrClz + 6H20 . : : : : 0} 103.0] 150.0] 234.0] 524.0 Sr(NOsz)o_. : . | 24. ; : : 97-6 CzH¢O, -- ; d 4. : : 87.0] 123.0|177.0] 272.0| 374.0] 484.0 CoH204 + 2H.O : : : : .O}| 112.0] 169.0 | 262.0] 540.0] 1316.0] 50000.0 CgHs07 + H20 B20: . ; .O| 145.0] 208.0 | 320.0] 553.0] 952.0 80° 120° | 140° | 160° | 180° | 200° | 240° €a€la . § : 222.0| 314.0 KOH: : : -5] 121.7] 152.6] 185.0] 219.8] 263.1] 312.5] 375.0] 444.4 oe NaOH : - | 93-5] 150.8] 230.0] 345.0] 526.3] 800.0 | 1333.0 | 2353-0 | 6452.0 NH4NO3 - | 682.0 | 1370.0 | 2400.0 | 4099.0 | 8547.0} CyH6O¢ : - | 980.0 | 3774.0 ak gives a * Compiled from a paper by Gerlach, “ Zeit. f. Anal, Chem.” vol. 26. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 220 TABLE 217. FREEZING MIXTURES.* Column 1 gives the name of the principal refrigerating substance, A the proportion of that substance, B the propor- tion of a second substance named in the column, C the proportion of a third substance, D the temperature of the substances before mixture, # the temperature of the mixture, / the lowering of temperature, G the temperature when all snow is melted, when snow is used, and # the amount of heat absorbed in heat units (small calories when A is grammes). ‘Temperatures are in Centigrade degrees. Substance. A NaC2H30Oz (cryst-) | 85 NH,Cl1. A «| 30 NaNO3. : oat 75 NagS2Og (cryst.) . | 110 1a ; 3 - | 140 CaCle (cryst.) =|250 NH4NO3 e . 60 er (NH4)2SO4 . 25 NH4NO3-25 NED Clea) aay Ueahees ¢ im CaCis: hv ee Leaman ¢ ig KNQOs-. 9s. © 24/25 NH,Cl-25 NagSO4 . . 25 as - NaNiOg: 2 oye yas | ees a KeSO4 . ; =|, 310 NaegCQsz (cryst.) . | 20 KNO3 . . . 13 CaClo . ; 30 NH,Cl1. aa 25 NH4NO3 45 NaNO3 . . 50 INaGhy s om 33 H2SO4-+ H20 (66.1 % H2SO4) CaCle + 6H20 [xOLO%O-0::0 011000 NI i i ee ee a Alcohol at 4° Chloroform . Ether . ; Liquid SO2 . Le oe Mion Milo len i ee | 7 Compiled from the results of Cailletet and Colardeau, Hammerl, Hanamann, Moritz, Pfanndler, Rudorf, and ollinger, + Lowest temperature obtained. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 218. 221 CRITICAL TEMPERATURES, PRESSURES, VOLUMES, AND DENSITIES OF GASES.* 6 = Critical temperature. = Pressure in atmospheres. = Volume referred to air at 0° and 76 centimetres pressure. d = Density in grammes per cubic centimetre. Substance. Observer. Air . ‘ "i : . | —140.0 s Olszewski. Alcohol (C2H¢O) . : 243.6 : : .2 Ramsay- Young. 5 , - 237.9 Mean of ten. c.(CHIO)e es : 239.95 8. Young. Ammonia . : ; ? 130.0 ‘ Dewar. Argon < ; : . | —121.0 ; : Olszewski. Benzol_ . 5 : : 288.5 s i i Young. Bromine . : 302.2 ; 18 Nadejdine. Carbon dioxide . , ; 30.92 ; Andrews. “monoxide . . | —T41.1 Wroblewski. “disulphide . ; 277.7 Hannay. @hioroform . . Sl: 260.0 Sajotschewsky. Chlorine . ‘ i ” 141.0 Dewar. ss : 3 _ c 146.0 - Knietsch, Ether : - : : 197.0 : 0.01584 Battelli. : a . 194.4 0.01344 Young. Ethane. ° ° : 35.0 = Dewar. Bithylene . . . =. 9.2 ~ Van der Waals. < : : . ; 13.0 0.00569 Cailletet. Helium. : S . | <—264.0 - Dewar. Hydrogen . : - | 234.5 Dewar. a chloride a) 51.25 Ansdell. SS . . 52.3 Dewar. sulphide , 100.0 Olszewski. Krypton . : : .| —62. Ramsey-Travers, Methane 4 ; : .| —81. Olszewski. : . . -| —99.5 Dewar. Neon. 6 - | <—205.0 Ramsey-Travers. Nitric oxide (NO) : -| —93-5 Olszewski. Nitrogen . —146.0 : - 0.44 ve se monoxide (N20) 35:4 i 0.0048 0.41 Dewar, Cailletet. Oxygen . —118.0 - 0.6044 | Wroblewski. Sulphur dioxide ; : 155.4 0.00587 | 0.49 | Sajotschewsky, Cailletet. Water : 5 ; 358.1 0.001874| 0.429 | Nadejdine. eens ° : 304.3 ‘ 0.00386 - Batelli. oo 99 Neyo ft bb tl AO n fe) el eee Geletss tet = -_ Andrews, Trans. Roy. Soc. 166, 1876. Olszewski, C. R. Sy 1884 ; 99, 1884; 100, 1885; Ansdell, Chem. News, 41, 1880. Beibl. 14, 1890 ; Z. Phys. Ch. 16, 1893. Batelli, Mem. Torino (2), 41, 1890. Ramsay-Young, Tr. ‘Roy. Soc. 177, 1886. Cailletet, C. R. 85, 1877; C. R. 94, 1882. Sajotschewsky, Beibl. 3, 1879. Dewar, Phil. Mag. 18, 1884; Ch. News, 84, Van der Waals, Beibl. 4, 1880. Igol. Wroblewski, Wied. Ann. 20, 1883; Stz. Wien. Hannay, Pr. Roy. Soc. 32, 1882. Ak. gt, 1885. Knietsch, Lieb. Ann. 259, 1890. Young, Phil. Mag. 1900. Nadejdine, Beibl. 9, 1885. * Abridged for the most part from Landolt and Bérnstein’s “‘ Phys..Chem. Tab.” SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 222 TABLE 219. COEFFICIENTS OF THERMAL EXPANSION. Coefficients of Linear Expansion of the Chemical Elements. In the heading of the columns 7'is the temperature or range of temperature ; C is the coefficient of linear expansion ; 4 is the authority for C; 47 is the mean coefficient of expansion between o° and 100° C.; a and Bare the coefficients in the equation /:=J/p (1 + at -+ Bé*), where /p is the length at o° C. and ¢,the length at 7° C.; Ag is the authority for a, B, and m. Substance. Df C X 108 | A, }; Aluminum : : : 400 0.2313 Ee : 600 «3150 - . : —I9I to+16 | .1835 . .00707 Antimony: i; Parallel to cryst, axis . : 1692 Perp. to axis . ; : .0882 Mean . . . . 1152 Arsenic . ° . . 0559 Bismuth: Parallel to axis. ; 1625) || x Perp. to axis 1208 | 1 Mean . . ‘ 134041 Cadmium 2 3069 | I Carbon: Diamond : : or18 | 1 Gas carbon . ° 0540 | I Graphite ; 0786 | 1 Anthracite : 2078 | I Cobalt . . 122604), a Copper . 40 51679), angt . : —I9gito+16] .1409}| 4 Gold 5 : 40 1443 I Indium : 40 4170 |] I Iron: Soft s '. . . . 40 WW tn & NgOw sal BO 1.1856 1.1763 1.0382 Benzene Bromine : Calcium chloride : CaCle, 5.8 % solution @aG@le740:9,%. Ss = Carbon disulphide . .|—34 to +60 500 atmos. pressure . 0-50 3000“ . 0-50 Chloroform.) -.) = 0-63 Ether... . . .|—15 to +38 Glycerine . : - Hydrochloric acid : HCl+6.25H20. . 0-30 HCl+ sa ieee 0-30 Mercury . . - «| ‘em24-299 Olive oil ; 2 = Potassium chloride : KCl, 2.5% solution . : - KCl, 24.3% “ ; - Potassium nitrate : KNOs, 5.3 % sol’n : - - KNOsz, 21.9% “ ~ - = Phenol, CsHgO . . . : 0.8340 [ 0.1073 | 0.4446 Petroleum ‘ 2 ae i = a z ea Sp. gr. 0.84! a: es ; 08 Ty Sodium chloride: oat id NaCl, 1.6% solution. : 0.0213 | 10.462 Sodium sulphate : Na,SOu, 24 % sol’n . 10-40 : 0.3599 | 2.516 Sodium nitrate : NaNOs, 36.2 % sol’n. 20-78 .0627 | 0.5408 | 1.075 Sulphuric acid : HeSOg 3: : 0-30 : 0.5758 0.864 H2SO4 + soH20 : 0-30 : 0.2835 | 5.160 Turpentine. . -|—9 to +106 : 0.9003 1.959 Wiaterenali sitet a. 0-33 —.0643 | 8.505 1ST Deets ee et st 0.0788 0.4238 1.1398 ao com | Ii i =O 1.1071 1.5132 0.4853 {ioe SIT petiiieen ace 1 0.4460 0.0625 0.18182 0.6821 RUWOO oOnP | | RNN HPS — AUTHORITIES. 1 Amagat. 4 Pierre. 7 Decker. 10 Broch. 13 Pinette. 2 Barrett. 5 Kopp 8 Emo. II Spring. 14 Frankenheim. 3 Zander. 6 Banas gell 9 Marignac. 12 Nicol. 15 Scheel. SmiTHSONIAN TABLES. 226 TABLE 223. COEFFICIENTS OF THERMAL EXPANSION. Goefficients of Expansion of Gases. Pressures are given in centimetres of mercury. Coefficient at Constant Volume. 2 Coeffi- ressure cient Substance. eral 100. Reference. -37666 -37172 -36630 36580 .36660 -30744 -36650 -36903 .388606 0 : : .4100 Argon . 5 : .3068 Carbon dioxide , -308 56 i SE iis : : 36753 . 3 ‘ .36041 -37264 0°=20° 0°-40° 0°—100° o0°—20° 0°-100° 0°-100° Carbon monoxide . Helium . ‘ 5 Hydrogen 16°-132° ob I 5°-132° 12°-185° 0°-100° Nitrogen 13°-132° Oo. ° = 9-133 “ 0°-20° iT; 0°-100° ae . e . Oxygen 11°-132° . “ 9°-132° : T1°132° . Nitrous oxide , Sulph’r dioxide SO2 1 Meleander, Wied. Beibl. 14, 1890; Wied. Ann. 47, 1892. 2 Chappuis, Trav. Mem. Bur. Intern. Wts. Meas. 13, 1903. 3 Regnault, Ann. chim. phys. (3)5, 1842. 4 Keunen-Randall, Proc. R. Soc. 59, 1896. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Coefficient at Constant Pressure. P Coeffi- ressure cient Substance. oat 100. Reference. -3671 -3693 -30728 36600 .332 -295 .261 242 -3710 37128 -37100 -37973 37602 -37410 “37972 37793 1097 6574 -3669 “3719 +3903 .3980 .4187 .4189 -4071 -3938 -3799 Air ; ° ‘ 76. 257. 100.1 O%100° . Hydrogen 0°-100° “ Carbon dioxide “ “ o°-20° 0°—40° o0°-100° 0°-20° o0°—100° 0°-20° o0°—100° o°=7.5° 64°-100° Carbon monoxide . Nitrous oxide Sulphur dioxide oe “ 0°-119° o°-141° 0°-162° 0°-200° 0°-247° Water- vapor Thomson has given, Encye. Brit. “ Heat,” the following for the calculation of the ex- pansion, E, between o° and roo® C. Expansion is to be taken as the change of volume under constant pressure : Hydrogen, £ = .3662(1 — .o0049V/v), Air, £ = .3662(1 — .0026 V/zv), Oxygen, £=.3662(1— .0032 V/v), Nitrogen, “ = .3662(1—.0031 V/zv), COg £ = .3662(1— .0164 V/v). V/v is the ratio of the actual density of the gas at o° C to what it would have at 0° C and 1 Atm. pressure. 5 Chappuis, Arch. sc. phys. (3), 18, 1892. 6 Baly-Ramsay, Phil. Mag. (5), 38, 1894. 7 Andrews, Proc. Roy. Soc. 24, 1876. 8 Meleander, Acta Soc. Fenn. 19, 1891. g Amagat, C. R. 111, 1890. 10 Hirn, Théorie méc. chaleur, 1862. TABLES 224-226. 227 MECHANICAL EQUIVALENT OF HEAT. TABLE 224. — Summary. Taken from J. S. Ames, L’équivalent mécanique de la chaleur, Rapports présentés au congrés international du physique, Paris, 1900. Method. Result. .| Mechanical .|. ° : 5 ; -| 4.173 Mechanical .|. ; ever -| 4-195 4.187 4.181 4.176 Reynolds-Morby .| Mechanical .|. . ‘ : oo awh uae = ||) 4.1882 Griffiths . | Electrical . | ( Latimer-Clark = 1.4342v at 15°C. : ce 2 a : International Ohm : ; .| 4.187 Latimer-Clark = 1.4340v. at 15° Schuster-Gannon | Electrical Eit. C., Elec. Chem. Equiv. Silver 4.1905 = 0.0011 18g Callendar-Barnes | Electrical Eit. {| Latimer-Clark = 1.4342v. at 15°C. ] 4.179 TABLE 225. — Reduced to Gramme-calory at 20° C. (Nitrogen thermometer), * Joule . : - | 4.169 X 107 ergs | 4.169 X IO! ergs. Rowland. .| 4.181 ae ae 4.181 feat Griffiths 5 .| 4.192 cs 4.184 ss Schuster-Gannon . | 4.189 re 4.181 ss Callendar-Barnes . | 4.186 se 4.178 ss * Admitting an error of 1 part per 1000 in the electrical scale. The mean of the last four then gives 1 small (20° C.) calory = 4.181 X 10’ ergs. TABLE 226. — Conversion Factors for Units of Work. Joules Watts per Smalllac® Caloties. Foot-poundals. | Foot-pounds. I joule = 1 watt per second I small 20° cal- ory = I erg = 10o-” | 0.2392 X 1077 I 23.73 X 1077 re 103} 1 kilog.-metre = g 0.23928 g X 107 23-732 23-73 23-73 4.181 X 107 | * 99.22 1 foot-poundal = | .04214 .01008 421400. — I J g I 1 foot-pound = .0421 4g .01008g 421400g | . g SMITHSONIAN TABLES, 228 TABLE 227. SPECIFIC HEAT OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS. Range * of : ; rs Range * of Element. Temperature, Element. Temperature, Svecific Cc. : - eat. Aluminum ; —250 ; Iodine 0.0541 . 9-98 a ; ¢ ° ; Iridium . . | —186-+18 .0282 100 ; sf : ; 18-100 0323 ‘ : 250 : Iron, cast t : 20-100 1189 . . 500 : “ wrought . 15-100 “ET 52 : 16-100 e - | 1000-1200 -1959 Antimony. : 15 : By : 500 .176 se a : 100 : “ hard-drawn o-18 .0986 % ; : 200 ; ee sue 20-100 -1146 Arsenic, gray . 0-100 : Se oe : .| —185-+20 | .o958 black . 0-100 : Lanthanum . O-100 .0448 Barium. - | —185--++20 Lead : : 15 0299 Bismuth . . —186 eos 7 100 0311 pe ° 300 0338 75 to 310 .0356 3 20-100 “11360 .0410 fluid . 280-380 18-100 .03096 16-256 .03191 —100 -5997 ° so rans Boron : ; Bromine, solid . 5 fluid . Cadmium . “e —_ m= O10 CONT ah Cesium Calcium “ Carbon, graphite “ “ “ diamond “ .i3 Cerium ; Chlorine, liquid : Mercury Chromium : : f ; “ “ «“ “ Molybdenum : : Osmium ‘6 Gallium, liquid . : Palladium. : ss solid . x aa s . Germanium 5 : ee . i Golds, aly 43 . Phosphorus, red oo ; ‘ x “yellow Indium . . ‘i + soa See opposite page for References. * Where one temperature alone is given, the “true” specific heat is given; otherwise, the “‘mean”’ specific heat. + See Appendix. Tables 334-335. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Element. Platinum “ “ “ Potassium . Rhodium Ruthenium Selenium Silicon 1 Bontschew. Range * of TABLES 227 (continued)-228 SPECIFIC HEAT. TABLE 227.—Specific Heat of the Chemical Elements (continued). Temperature, °C. —186-+18 o-100 I00 500 700 900 I100 1500 500 Ir0o r500 —185-+20 10-97 0-100 —188-+18 —185-+20 —398 “7-57. 232 —186-—79 —79-+ 18 o-100 23 100 500 17-507 800 907-1100 —185-+20 2 Naccari, Atti Torine, 23, 1887-88. 3 Wigand, Ann. d. Phys. (4) 22, 1907. 4 Nordmeyer-Bernouli, Verh. d. phys. Ges. 9, 1907; 1908. 5 Giebe, Verh. d. phys. Ges. 5, 1903. 6 Lorenz, Wied. Ann. 13, 1881. 7 Stiicker, Wien. Ber. 114, 1905. 8 Person, C. R. 23, 1846; Ann. d. chim. (3) 21, 1847; 24, 1848. 9g Moisson-Gautier, Ann. chim. phys. (7) 17, 1896. 1o Regnault, Ann. d. chim. (3) 26, 1849; 63, 1861. 11 Andrews, Pog. Ann. 75, 1848. 12 Eckardt-Graefe, Z. Anorg. Ch. 23, 1900. 13 Bunsen, Pogg. Ann. 141, 1870; Wied. Ann. 31, 1887. 14 Weber, Phil. Mag. (4) 49, 1875. 15 Hillebrand, Pog. Ann. 158, 1876. 16 Knietsch. 17 Adler, Beibl. 27, 1903. 18 Pionchon, C. R. 102-103, 1886. 1g Tilden, Phil. Trans. (A) 201, 1903. 20 Richards, Ch. News, 68, 1893. 21 Trowbridge, Science, 8, 1898. * When one temperature alone is given, the ‘‘ true’ specific heat is given; otherwise, the ‘‘ mean ”’ specific heat. Compiled in part from Landolt-Bérnstein-Meyerhoffer’s Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen. Temper- ature,°C. Barnes. Tellurium cr Thallium : Thorium ; fin*S ss cast , “ fluid . Titanium . Tungsten . Uranium . Vanadium . ZINC.” s. u cs Range * of —188-+18 0-54 0-52 II9Q-147 —185-+20 —188-+18 I5-I00 —185-+20 20-100 Oo-100 —196-—79 —76-+18 21-109 250 II00 —185-+20 0-100 —185-+20 0-100 0-08 0-100 —192-+20 Temperature, °C. Specific Heat. 0.137 .1728 -1809 +235 -033 -047 -0483 .038 -0326 -0276 .0486 -0518 -O551 -05799 -0758 “ 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 IO, 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Zirconium 20-100 0-100 100 200 300 0-100 Berthelot, Ann. d. chim. (5) 15, 1878. Pettersson-Hedellius, J. Pract. Ch. 24, 1881. Violle, C. R. 85, 18773; 87, 1878. Regnault, Ann. d. chim. (2) 73, 1840; (3) 63, 1861. Behn, Wied. Ann. 66, 1898; Ann. d. Phys. (4) 1, 1900. Schmitz, Pr. Roy. Soc. 72, 1903. Nichol, Phil. Mag. (5) 12, 1881. Hill, Verh. d. phys. Ges. 3, rgor. Spring, Bull. de Belg. (3) 11, 1886; 29, 1895. Laemmel, Ann. d. Phys. (4) 16, 1905. Barnes-Cooke, Phys. Rev. 16, 1903. Wiegand, Fort. d. Phys. 1906. Tilden, Pr. Roy. Soc. 66, 1900, 71, 1903; Phil. Trans. (A) 194, 1900; 201, 1903. White, Phys. Rev. 28, 1909. Dewar, Ch. News, 92, 1905. Kopp, Phil. Trans. London, 155, 1865. Nilson, C. R. 96, 1883. Nilson-Pettersson, Zt. phys. Ch. 1, 1887. Mache, Wien. Ber. 106, 1897. Bliimcke, Wied. Ann. 24, 1885. Mixter-Dana, Lieb. Ann. 169, 1873. Magnus, Ann. d. Phys. 31, 1910. TABLE 228.—Specific Heat of Water and of Mercury. Specific Heat of Water. Rowland. I.0155 1.0091 1.0050 I.0020 1.0000 0.9987 -9978 9973 -9971 9971 9973 -9977 -9982 Barnes’s results: Phil. Trans. (A) 199, 1902; Rowland’s as revised by Pernet. Barnes- Regnault. 1.0094 1.0053 I.0023 | I.0003 0.9990 -9981 9976 9974 Temper- ature,°C. 60 65 70 80 90 100 120 I40 160 180 200 220 (H thermometer.) Barnes. 0.9988 | 9994 | Ooo! | I. I. i. Ie Phys. Regnault. Specific Heat of Mercury. i Specific ||| Temper-| Specific Heat. ature,°C.| Heat. Barnes- || Temper- ature,°C. 0.03346 -03340 -03335 -03330 +03325 .03320 -03316 .03312 -03308 .03300 -03294 -03289 -03284 0.9994 1.0004 1.0015 1.0042 1.0070 I.OIOI 1.0162 1.0223 1.0285 1.0348 1.0410 1.0476 90 100 110 120 _ 130 140 150 170 190 0.03277 -03269 -03262 +03255 -03248 -03241 -0324 -0322 -0320 .0319 Rev. 15, 1902; 16, 1903. (H thermometer.) Barnes-Regnault’s as revised by Peabody; Steam Tables. The mercury data from 0° C to 80, Barnes-Cooke (H thermometer); from 90° to 140, mean of Winklemann, Nac- cari and Milthaler (air thermometer); above 140°, mean of Naccari and Milthaler. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 230 TABLES 229-230. TABLE 229.—Specific Heat of Various Solids.* Memperature Specific Heat. | Authority.t Alloys: Bell metal : C : 15-98 0.0858 Brass, red : . : ; : ° .08991 “« yellow . : : 2 . ; , ‘ ° 08831 80 Cu+20 Sn . : ° : : ; d 5 14-98 0862 88.7 Cu+11.3 Al. : 5 : ; A . 20-100 10432 German silver . 0-100 09464 Lipowitz alloy: 24. 97 Pb a Io. 13 ‘Cd BO 66 Bi +14.24 Sn . 5-50 +0345 ss ‘ : : 100-150 0426 Rose’s alloy : 27. 5 Pb+48. 9 Bit+23. Sm i : —77-20 0356 “ ity 20-89 0552 Wood’s alloy: "25. 85 Pb ag 6.99 Cd a 52. 43. Bi si Ss 2S wSwern an a 4 5~50 +0352 s : oe as ener is 2 100-150 0426 Miscellaneous alloys: 17.5 Sb+29.9 Btu 7 Zn+33-9 Sn a : 20-99 .05657 37-1 Sb+62.9 : : : 10-98 -03880 39-9, Pb-+60.1 BE : ; : : : ; : 16-99 03165 «< (fluid) . : . 4 i 144-358 03500 63.7 Pb+36.3 Sn. Sanne Bee : 12-99 .0407 3 46.7 Pb+53.3 Sn . ; 3 . : ; 10-99 04507 63.8 Bi+36.2 Sn . . . : 20-99 04001 40.9 Bi+53.1Sn .. ; : é ; : : 20-99 04504 Gas coal : ‘ 3 . 20-1040 3145 Glass, normal thermometer 16". 3 . : 19-100 1988 «French hard thermometer 7 5 : . ~ -1869 “ crown : . ; ‘ : : ; : 10-50 101 se Hint a. . . : : ‘ 4 . , 10-50 ALL, Ice : : : ‘ : : ; : : . |—188- —252 146 : . : , ; ‘ : : . . | —78-—188 285 . : eh ais ¢ Suis . | —18-—78 .463 India rubber | (Para) ; ; ¢ : 5 : : ?-100 .481 Paraffin : : : - . , . | —20-+3 -3768 : ; : 6 ° : : : . | —19--+20 -5251 0-20 6939 : ‘ . . : : ; : ° > 35-40 .622 fluid . s : : . : 4 . : 60-63 FL Vulcanite . : : : ° A 7 : ; 20-100 -3312 - = Ww - -~ ah as a a TABLE 230. — Specific Heat of Various Liquids.* a Temper- | Specific| Author- seats Temper- | Specific] Author- Liquid. ature °C.| Heat. | ity. Liquid. ature°C.| Heat. | ity.t Alcohol, ethyl. . - | —20 | 0.5053 Nitrobenzole : 28 |.0.362 as SO ee : ° 54 Napthalene, CioHg, | 80-85 ois 0 a 40 .648 “or - - | 90-95 methyl . +} 5-10 | .590 Oils: castor . - Ee A - | 1§-20 | .601 citron . : 5-4 Anilin. )%- . falas 15 514 olive 6.6 a8 . . : : 30 520 sesame i ; . . : 50 529 turpentine . Benzole, CgHg. . ; 340 Petroleum . és : - : 423 Toluol, CgHg ‘6 : : : ‘ .482 ar 3 Diphenylamine, Cy2H4,N -464 scents : ; : ° ‘ : .482 CaCl, sp. gr. 1.14. Ethylether . . : on oe ea A Glycerine 7 a ‘ 576 Nitrobenzole , ; . +350 * These specific heat tables are compiled partly from more extended tables in Landolt-Bérnstein-Meyerhoffer’s Tables. t For references see Table 230, page 231. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLES 230 (continued)-231 . 231 TABLE 230.— Specific Heat of Various Liquids. Tempera-| Specific] Author- ee Tempera-| Specific | Author- Liquid. : ture °C.| Heat. ity. ture °C. | Heat. ity. Liquid. CaCle, sp. gr. 1.20. Oo 0.712 DMG KOH+30 H20. ‘“ “ “ +20 725 “ + 10o “ —20 | .651 s NaOH + 50 H,O ° 663 “S “= 1000 +20 676 = NaCl+ 10 H20O. 12-15 | .848 | Pa +200, “ 12-14 | .951 4 Sea water, sp. gr. I 0043 3 | 13-17 975 a ¥ “i 140235 ZnSO4-+50 H2O .| 20-52] .842| Ma oh eae “1.0463 ‘ 903 “ +200 “ .}| 20-52] .952 ss A, Abbot. DMG, Dickinson, Mueller, and George. T, Tomlison. AM, A, M. Mayer. H-D, de Heen and Deruyts. S, Schiiz. B, Batelli. HM, H. Meyer. Th, Thomsen. Ie Lorenz. P, Person, W, Wachsmuth. Ln, Luginen. Pa, Pagliani. Wn, Winkelmann. G, Griffiths. M, Mazotto. R, Regnault. Z, Zouloff. Gon: Gee and Terry. Ma, Marignac. RW, R. W. Weber. TABLE 231. — Specific Heat of Minerals and Rocks. Tempera- | Specific |Refer- Substance Tempera- | Specific |Refer- Substance. ture °C. Heat. | ence. ture° C, | Heat. | ence. Andalusite . ; O-100 | 0.1684 Anhydrite, CaSOy .| O-100 | .1753 Apatite . : -| 15-99 1903 Asbestos : : .| 20-98 195 ' Augite . . .| 20-98 1931 Barite, BaSO, . .| 10-98 .1128 Beryl . .| 15-99 1979 Borax, NayByO7 fused 16-98 2382 Calcspar, CaCQOsg . . 0-50 1877 ve sak : O-100 +2005 < suas : 0-300 | .2204 Casiderite, SnOg . : 0933 Corundum . : .1976 Cryolite, AloFlg. 6NaF . .2522 Fluorite,CaF2 . : 2154 Galena, PbS . z . .0466 Garnet . . é 1758 Hematite, Fe,O3 3 < 1645 Hornblende . ; ; 1952 Hypersthene . : : 1914 Labradorite : : 1949 Magnetite . -156 Malachite CusCOx 10 1763 Mica (Mg) . : 2001 (K) , ; : .2080 Gliese : : : .2048 Orthoclase . ; E .1877 Pyrites, copper. : 1291 Pyrolusite, MnOg. 159 Quartz, SiO, : 188 “ ee ’ _ .1737 2786 400-1200] .305 Rock-salt . -| 13-45 | 0.219 Serpentine . - | 16-98 2586 Siderite ; -| 9-98 -1934 Spinel . . -| 15-47 194 Male . : .| 20-98 -2092 Topaz . 5 : O-100 W ollastonite - | 19-51 Zinc blende, ZnS . o-100 Zircon . ; -| 21-51 Rocks: Basalt, fine, black | 12-100 “ec oe ee 20-470 470-750 | - 750-880 | .626 880-1190] .323 Dolomite . .| 20-98 222 Gneiss ; .| 17-99 196 s : - | 17-213 -214 Granite . . | 12-100 -192 Kaolin : .| 20-98 224 Lava, Aetna .| 23-100 | .201 _ -| 31-776 | .259 “Kilauea . 25-100 | .197 Limestone . .| I§-100 | .216 Marble : : 0-100 520 Quartz sand . | 20-98 -IQI Sandstone . 5 -— 222 WIT OWOODOO RD AnHAHWARNA 1 Lindner. 6 Kopp. 11 Bartoli. 2 Oeberg. 7 Joly. 12 Morano. 3 Ulrich. 8 Pionchon. 4 Regnault. 9g Roberts-Austen, Riicker. 5 Tilden. 10 R. Weber. COOON AN NWOWWN QOWWWNH NUP NPR RHE RHP HHWW NE Compiled from Landolt-Bérnstein-Meyerhoffer’s Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 232 SPECIFIC HEATS OF GASES AND VAPORS. Substance. Acetone, CgsH¢O . “ce “ “ it9 j Air “ce Alcohol, C;H;0H 6s “ce “« C,.H3;0H Ammonia . . “ce t- e e Argon ‘ Benzole, CgHg “ac “ce « “ “ Bromine “ce Carbon dioxide, CO, “ 6 “ “ ee monoxide, CO. oe “cc disulphide, CS, Chlorine Chloroform, CHCl, “ “ Ether, C4H 00 “ “ ce « Hydrochloric acid, HCl Hydrogen “ “ “ " sulphide, H2S Methane, CH, Nitrogen. “cc “ce “ Nitric oxide, ‘NO ‘ Nitrogen tetroxide, NOg oe “ “ce “ “ Nitrous oxide, NgO “ “ “cc “ “ “ Oxygen. “ Sulphur dioxide, SOz Water vapor, H,O “ “ce “ce “ “ “ SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Range of Temp. °C, 26-110 27-179 129-233 i —30--++ 10 0-100 0-200 20-440 20-630 20-800 108-220 IOI-223 23-100 27-200 24-216 20-90 34-115 35-180 116-218 83-228 19-388 N28 +7 15-100 11-214 23-99 26-198 86-190 13-202 16-343 27-118 28-189 69-224 27-189 25-111 13-100 22-214 . |—28- +9 12-198 21-100 20-206 18-208 0-200 20-440 20-630 20-800 13-172 27-67 27-150 27-280 16-207 26-103 27-206 13-207 20-440 20-630 16-202 ° 100 180 TABLE 232. Sp. Ht. Constant Pressure. 0.3468 0.3740 0.4125 02377) 0.2374 0.2375 0.2366 0.2429 0.2430 0.4534 0.4580 0.5202 0.5356 0.5125 0.1233 0.2990 0.3325 0.3754 0.0555 0.0553 0.1843 0.2025 0.2169 0.2425 0.2426 0.1596 0.1241 0.1125 0.1441 0.1489 0.4797 0.4618 0.4280 0.1940 0.1867 3.3996 3.4090 3.4100 0.2451 0.5929 0.2438 0.2419 0.2464 0.2497 0.2317 1.625 I.II5 0.65 0.2262 0.2126 0.2241 0.2175 0.2240 0.2300 0.1544 0.4655 0.421 0.51 Authority. Wiedemann. “ce Regnault. “ec “ Holborn and Austin. Regnault. Regnault. Wiedemann. Regnault. Dittenberger. Wiedemann. “ Regnault. “ Strecker. Regnault. “ 6 Wiedemann. 6“ Regnault. Strecker. Wiedemann. “ Regnault. Wiedemann. “ Strecker. Regnault. “ “ Wiedemann. Regnault. “cc Holborn and Austin. ce Regnault. Berthelot and Olger. Regnault. Wiedemann. “ Regnault. Holborn and Austin. Regnault. Thiesen. “ “ec Range of Temp.°C. Authority. Lummer and Pringsheim. Jaeger. Stevens, “ Wiillner. ‘ec Niemeyer. Pagliani. Stevens Strecker. Lummer and Pringsheim. Wiillner. Beyme. Strecker. Martini. Beyme. Stevens. Beyme. Miller. Low. Strecker. “ Lummer and Pringsheim. Miiller. Cazin. Natanson. Wiillner. “ Lummer and Pringsheim. Miller. Beyme. Jaeger. TABLES 233-236. 233 THERMOMETERS. TABLE 233.—Gas and Mercury Thermometers. If ¢a, tn, 002; 416, “59, ¢r, are temperatures measured with the hydrogen, nitrogen, carbonic acid, 16%, sg, and “ verre dur” (Tonnelot), respectively, then ta — tp = SS [— 0.61859 ++ 0.0047351.¢ — 0.000011 577./2]* ty — tp = roo — 0.55541 + 0.0048240.¢ — 0.000024807.22]* toog— tr = foe [— 0.33386 + 0.0039910.¢ — 0.00001 6678.2? ]* ta — tig = Loe [— 0.67039 + 0.0047351.4 — 0.000011 577.22]f ty — ¢59 = foe [— 0.31089 -+ 0.0047351.¢ — 0.000011 577.22] t * Chappuis; Trav. et Mém. du Bur. internat. des Poids et Mes. 6, 1888. + Thiesen, Scheel, Sell; Wiss. Abh. d. Phys. Techn. Reichanstalt, 2, 1895; Scheel; Wied. Ann. 58, 1896: D. Mech. Ztg. 1897. TABLE 234 tu—t. (Hydrogen—16"), —.042°| —.047° —.084 | —.087 —.109 | —.110 —.119 | —.119 —.118 | —.117 —.107 | —.106 —.090 | —.087 —.066 | —.064 —.039 | —.036 —.009 TABLE 235. ta—t;. (Hydrogen— 59!"), TABLE 236. (Hydrogen —16'), (Hydrogen — 69!"), —20° —25° +0.19° | +0.25° -+o.10° | +0.14° All compiled from Landolt-Boérnsteim-Meyerhoffer’s Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen. SMITHSONIAN TABLES, 234 TABLES 237, 238. AIR AND MERCURY THERMOMETERS. TABLE 237. tam—tis (Alr—1601.) TABLE 238. 3° 4° .000 —.001 —.002 —.006 —.O10 —.016 —.022 —.032 —.044 O57 SMiTHSonian TABLES, —.027 —.068 —.095 —.108 —.110 —.103 —.088 —.067 —.O41 —.O14 +.014 +.041 +.064 +.083 1-095 +.092 1-073 +.041 —.007 —.073 —.158 —.264 —.392 —.546 —.725 933 —I.17I 2 |—1.440 1.743 5° -000 —.001 —.003 —.006 —.O10 —.o16 —.023 —=.033 —.045 —.059 —.032 —.O71 OO —.109 —.110 —.102 —.086 —.065 =7-039 —.OII +.017 1043 +.066 +.084 -+.096 +.098 +-090 +.071 1-037 —.013 —.080 —.168 —=:27/5 —.407 —.562 == 745 —-955 —1.196 —1.469 —1.776 tam—ty. (Alr—69"1.) +068 +-033 —.019 —.088 —.177 —.287 —.421 ee — 978 —I.222 —1.498 | — —1.808 TABLES 239-241. 235 GAS, MERCURY, ALCOHOL, TOLUOL, PETROLETHER, PENTANE, AND PLATINUM-RESISTANCE THERMOMETERS. TABLE 239. ti—ty (Hydrogen-Mercury). English ‘ Nitrogen CO, Ther- Choisy-le- 122U1,* /Thermometer.| mometer. Tao—Ty.t Tu—T¢o,-t Temper-} Thuringer| Verre dur. | Resistance C 1 ature, C.| Glass.* | Tonnelot.t Glass.* Gloss Roi.* ° * Schlosser, Zt. Instrkde. a1, 1901. t Chappuis, Trav. et mém. du Bur. Intern. des Poids et Mes. 6, 1888. TABLE 240.— Comparison of Air and High Temperature Mercury Thermometers, Comparison of the air thermometer with the high temperature mercury thermometer, filled under pressure and made of 59” glass. Mahlke, Wied. Ann. 1894. TABLE 241.— Comparison of Hydrogen and Other Thermometers. Comparison of the hydrogen thermometer with the toluol, alcohol, petrolether, and pentane there mometers (verre dur). Hydrogen. Toluol.* Alcohol I.* Alcohol I1.* Petrolether.t Pentane.¢ ° 0.00 —8.54 —16.90 —25.10 110 —33.1 —41.0 —48.90 —56.63 ees I -_ oa 8 On * Chappuis, Arch. sc. phys. (3) 18, 1892. t Holborn, Ann. d. Phys. (4) 6, 1g. + Rothe, unpublished. All compiled from Landolt-Bérnstein-Meyerhoffer’s Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen, SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 236 TABLE 242. CORRECTION FOR TEMPERATURE OF MERCURY IN THERMOMETER STEM. The Stem Correction is proportional to “B(Z—7+): where z is the number of degrees in the exposed stem; @ is the apparent coefficient of expansion of mercury in the glass; 7'is the measured temperature ; and ¢ is the mean temperature of the exposed stem determined by another ther- mometer, exposed some 10 cm. from, and at about half the height of, the exposed stem of the first. For temperatures up to 100°C, the value of 6 is for: Jena glass X VI™ or Greiner and Friedrich resistance glass, ae OF 0.000159; I 6100 At 100° the correction is in round numbers 0.o1° for each degree of the exposed stem; at 200° 0.02°; and for higher temperatures proportionately greater. At 500° it may amount to 0.07° for each exposed degree. Tables 242-244 are taken from Rimbach, Zeitschrift fiir Instrumentenkunde, 10, 153, 1890, and apply to thermometers of Jena or of resistance glass. Jena glass 59”, Or 0.000164. TABLE 242.— Stem Correction for Thermometer of Jena Glass (0°-360° C.). Degree length 0.9 to 1.1 mm; ¢=the observed temperature; /’—that of the surrounding air I dm. away; #=the length of the exposed thread. CoRRECTION TO BE ADDED TO THE READING f. 100° 120° 0.04 0.07 0.19 0.25 0.36 0.42 0.48 0.60 0.59 0.79 0.79 0.99 0.98 1.20 105 1.28 1.47 1.88 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLES 243, 244. 237 CORRECTION FOR TEMPERATURE OF MERCURY IN THERMOMETER STEM (continued). TABLE 243. —Stem Correction for Thermometer of Jena Glass (0°-360° 0). Degree length 1 to 1.6 mm.; ¢=the observed temperature; “= that of the surrounding air one dm. away; 7 =the length of the exposed thread. CoRRECTION TO BE ADDED TO THERMOMETER READING.* t¢—w 120° | 140° | 160° | 180° | 200° | 220° 0:27" |" 0:33) 150.38 0.46 | 0.53 | 0.61 | 0.67 0.70 | 0.78 | 0.88 | 0.97 0.94 | 1.04 | 1.16 | 1.28 1.17 | 1.31 | 1.44 | 1.59 W425) T6582 | 1.74) || 1.90 1.67 | 1.86 | 2.04 | 2.23 1.94 | 2.15 | 2.33 | 2.55 2.20 2.45 2.70 2.95 3.20 3-47 3-74 4.00 2.64 | 2.89 3-23 3°57 3:92 4.28 bowpR ARON he Om 4.27 4.54 YUAN FAW WHHNS Oo ON AN Own AO SIQ ON] * See Hovestadt’s “‘ Jena Glass” (translated by J. D. and A. Everett) for data on changes of thermometer zeros. TABLE 244.— Stem Correction for a so-called Normal Thermometer of Jena Glass (0°-100° ©). Divided into tenth degrees; degree length about 4 mm. CORRECTION TO BE ADDED TO THE READING f. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 2 38 TABLES 245-247. RADIATION CONSTANTS. TABLE 246.— Radiation Formule and Oonstants for Perfect Radiator. The radiation per sq. cm. from a “ black body” (exclusive of convection losses) at the temper- ature 7° (absolute, C) to one at 2 is equal to J=a(74—#) (Stefan-Boltzmann) ; where o = 1.277X10-2 gramme-calories per second per sq. centimetre. = 7.66: 10-11 vo -_— ° ~ 4 Vv he 606.5 603.0 599°5 Oo Absolute temp. Pressure in mm. of mercury. Pressure in grammes per sq. centimetre = 2. Pressure in atmospheres. Heat of liquid tion : : 31.89 12.70 ; : : 596.0 | 32.32 17.39 t : : 592.6 | 32.75 23-55 2 ; : 589.1 | 33.20 31.55 .042 3 585-6] 33.66 41.83 : : 582.1 | 34.12 54-91 072 | 618. 587.6 | 34.59 71.39 : 3 575-1 | 35.06 91.98 21. 571-7 | 35-54 117.47 : 568.2 | 36.02 148.79 : 24. -13| 564.7 | 36.51 186.94 : 13 561.1 | 37.00 233.08 27. 557-6| 37-48 288.50 554-1 | 37-96 354.62 : : : 550-6| 38.42 433-00 : , 547-1 | 38.88 525-39 9} 90.38 | 543-6 | 39.33 633-69 : : 540.0 | 39.76 760.00 ; : 536.5 | 40.20 906.41 ; : 533-0 | 40-63 1075.4 : : 529.4| 41.05 1269.4 : 525.8 | 41.46 1491.3 ; 522.3| 41.86 1743-9 : 518.7 | 42.25 2030.3 ; 515-1 | 42.63 2353-7 : 511.6| 43.01 2717.6 : : 508.0 | 43.38 3125.6 ; 504-4 | 43-73 3581.2 : 500.8 | 44.09 4088.6 5 : 5 |497-2| 44-43 4651.6 . ‘7 1493-5 | 44-76 5274-5 . 489.9 | 45-09 5961.7 . 486.3] 45-40 6717.4 : 482.7 | 45.71 7546.4 661. 479-0 | 46.01 8453-2 . 475-3 | 46.30 9442.7 . 471.7 | 46.59 468 |10520. : 468.0 | 46.86 473 |11689. . 464.3| 47-13 * Where A is the reciprocal of the mechanical equivalent of the thermal unit. ¢ —7 —(4+ Apo) _ __internal-work pressure _| Where v is taken in litres the pressure is given per square v mechanical equivalent of heat Ay decimetre, and where v is taken in cubic metres the pressure is given per square metre, —the mechanical equivalent being that of the therm and the kilogramme-degree or calorie respectively, SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 253. PROPERTIES OF STEAM. British Measure. ities gi in the different columns of this table are sufficiently explained by the headings. The abbrevia- waar Bor U. stands for ‘British thermal units. With the exception of column 3, which was calculated for this table, the data are taken from a table given by Dwelshauvers-Dery (Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng. vol. xi.), 242 per pound steam in External latent heat per pound pound of steam of steam in heat per pound Weight per cubic foot in Heat of water per pound in Internal latent Total latent of steam in Total heat per heat of in pounds per feet. square inch, in pounds per square foot. Pressure in atmospheres. Temp. in degrees Fahr. Volume per | pound in cubic Pressure vo % s a a a s Py. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 253 (continued). 243 PROPERTIES OF STEAM. British Measure. Pressure in pounds per square inch. Pressure in pounds per square foot. Pressure in atmospheres. Temp. in degrees Fahr. Volume per pound in cubic feet. Weight per cubic foot in pounds. Heat of water per pound in Bere Internal latent heat per pound of steam in External latent heat per pound of steam in Total latent heat per pound of steam in Total heat per ound of steam RB N™N wh ato ar O O HW OL NNI™N ao WwW nN ‘8 SS STs Poe 021 C0100 a HEHWUnO SI ADOW AHO “NS CO.-OW O bom N& to ANI Go OO Mmmm Mmmm wR NNN N RN HK bb hRHOON KRHOON Nob PUN co nN Oo 820.9 oo tt oO _ SMITHSONIAN TABLES. o44 TABLE 253 (continued). } PROPERTIES OF STEAM. British Measure. heat per pound of steam in External latent heat per pound pound of steam inves de Us of steam in heat per pound Pressure in pounds per square inch. Pressure in pounds per square foot. Pressure in atmospheres. degrees Fahr. Volume per pound in cubic feet. Weight per cubic foot in Heat of water er pound in eles Internal latent Total latent of steam in Total heat per a ° °o 14400 14544 14688 14832 14976 15120 15264 15408 15552 15096 15840 15984 16128 16272 16416 16560 16704 16848 16992 17130 17280 17424 17568 17.702 17856 18000 18144 18288 18432 18576 18720 18864 19008 19152 19296 19440 19584 19728 19872 20016 NN Nv NON b Co WWnNN NNN NN ON AN 20160 20304 20448 20592 20736 20880 21024 21168 21312 21456 OS HAT WAN LOW NN HUN O WnNNNHN ONDE & SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Pressure in pounds per square inch. Pressure in pounds per square foot. Pressure in atmospheres. 150 151 152 ESS SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 253 (continued), PROPERTIES OF STEAM. British Measure. heat per pound of steam in Bata, degrees Fahr. Volume per pound in cubic feet. Weight per cubic foot in Heat of water per pound in Internal latent Temp. in WwW Ann DO 0 wb External latent heat per pound of steam in Tit). oo RN oo NO B. oC Ee \o oun heat per pound of steam in Beles Total latent 245 Total heat per ound of steam Pp 246 TABLE 253 (continued). PROPERTIES OF STEAM. British Measure. . pound pound of steam in ound in of steam in din feet. cubic ound of steam Pressure in pounds per square inch. Pressure in pounds per square foot. Pressure in atmospheres. Temp. in degrees Fahr, Volume per pound i Weight per cubic foot in Heat of water per Internal latent heat per pound of steam in External latent heat per BTUs Total latent heat per Baw, Total heat per ip N nity Om NW ww wa co Go CO Nea OD 90 G0 CO AAS ISI mB 842.5 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TaBLe 254. 247° RATIO OF THE ELECTROSTATIC TO THE ELECTROMAGNETIC UNIT OF ELECTRICITY = FP. Vv Cm. per sec. 2.75-2.92 X 1010 2.71-2.88 2.86-3.00 2.950-3.018 2.98- 3.00 3.001-3.029 3-016-3.031 2.999-3-009 3.003-3- 3-005-3.015 2.995-3-010 2.990-2.995 2.99706-2.997 41 311X100 2.84 2.81 2.90 2.981 2.96 2.967 Determined by R. Kohlrausch and W. Weber. ‘Maxwell. Thomson and King. McKichan. Rowland. Ayrton and Perry. Hockin. Shida. Stoletow. Exner. J. J. Thomson, Klementcié. Colley. Himstedt, Thomson, Ayrton and Perry. Rosa. J. J. Thomson and Searle. Pellat. Abraham. Hurmuzescu. Perot and Fabry. Webster. Lodge and Glaze- brook. Rosa and Dorsey. Reference. Pogg. Ann. 99; 1856. Phil. Trans. ; 1868. B. A. Report; 1869. Phil. Mag. 47; 1874. Phil. Mag. 28; 1889. Phil. Mag. 7; 1879. B. A. Report; 1879. Phil. Mag. 10; 1880. Jour. de Phys.; 1881. Wien. Ber.; 1882. Phil. Trans. ; 1883. Wien. Ber. 83, 89, 93; 1881-6. Wied. Ann. 28; 1886. Wied. Ann. 29, 33, 35; 1887-8. Electr. Rev. 23; 1888-9. Phil. Mag. 28; 1889. Phil. Trans.; 18go. Jour. de Phys. 10; 1891. Ann. Chim. et Phys. 27; 1829. Ann. Chim. et Phys. 10; 1897. Ann. Chim. et Phys. 13; 1898. Phys. Rev. 6; 1898. Cam. Phil. Soc. 18; 1899. Bull. Bur. Standards 3; 1907. The last of the above determinations is the result of an extended series of measurements upon various forms of condensers, and is believed to be correct within 1/100 per cent. This, however, assumes that the International Ohm is 10° c.g.s. units. The value of Vis therefore subject to one-half the error of the International Ohm, SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 248 TABLES 255, 256. DIELECTRIC STRENGTH. TABLE 255. — Steady Potential Difference in Volts required to produce a Spark in Air with Ball Electrodes. R=0. Points. Based on the results of Baille, Bichat-Blondot, Freyburg, Liebig, Macfarlane, Orgler, Paschen, Quincke, de la Rue, Wolff. For spark lengths from 1 to 200 wave-lengths of sodium light, see Earhart, Phys. Rev. 15, p. 163; Hobbs, Phil. Mag. 10, p. 607, 1905. TABLE 256.— Alternating Current Potentials required to produce a Spark in Air with various Ball Elec- trodes. The potentials given are the maxima of the alternating waves used. Frequency, 33 cycles per second. Spark length. cm. 0.08 ine Based upon the results of Kawalski, Phil. Mag. 18, rgo9. SMITHSONIAN TaABLEs. TABLES 257, 258. 249 DIELECTRIC STRENGTH. TABLE 257. — Potential Necessary to produce a Spark in Air between more widely Separated Electrodes. Steady potentials. Steady potentials. Alter- Alter- nating current. Ball electrodes. Cup electrodes. Ball electrodes. Projection. nating current, R=1 cm. Spark length, cm. Dull points. Spark length, cm. Dull points. R=r1cm. |R=2.5cm. 4-5 mm. 1.5mm. | = = - “ 11280 ‘ 61000 17610 17620 - 17420 , = _ 23050 - 22950 i 67000 30240 31390 31400 | 31260 7 3000 33800 30810 - 36700 | : 82600 37930 44310 = 44510 | 92000 4232 56000 56500 | 56530 - 45000 65180 - 68720 | IOI000 40710 71200 80400 | 81140 ; 119000 ~ 75300 92400 140600 49100 78000 103800 2 165700 - 81540 114600 190900 50310 | 83800 126500 , 135700 This table for longer spark lengths contains the results of Voege, Ann. der Phys. 14, 1904, using alternating current and ‘‘dull point”? electrodes, and the results with steady potential found in the recent very careful work of C. MiiL ler, Ann. d. Phys. 29, 1909. ; — The specially constructed elec- aks trodes for the columns headed ; . ‘cup electrodes”’ had the form of AL a projecting knob 3 cm. in diame- x — ¢ : : ter and having a height of 4.5 mm. :€— om —}: and 1.5 mm. respectively, attached : = : to the plane face of the electrodes. ae These electrodes give a very satis- WREWW HHUA OOO mMOnmNOMmMdOMdOMNN ONWMNwW wm factory linear relation between the spark lengths and the voltage throughout the range studied. TABLE 258. — Effect of the Pressure of the Gas on the Dielectric Strength. Voltages are given for different spark lengths 7. E ; LE pa = 744 939 483 IOIS 1350 582 1290 1740 771 1840 2450 1060 2460 3300 1420 3500 4500 1820 4505 6270 2150 5475 | 7650 2420 6375 8950 2720 7245 | 10210 3035 8200 | 11570 This table is based upon the results of Orgler, 1899. See this paper for work on other gases (or Landolt-Bérnstein- Meyerhoffer). i i Tor long Dee lengths in various gases see Voege, Electrotechn. Z. 28, 1907. For dielectric strength of air and CO, in cylindrical air condensers, see Wien, Ann, d. Phys. 29, 1909. SMITHSONIAN TABLES, 250 TABLES 259, 260. DIELECTRIC STRENGTH. TABLE 259.— Dielectric Strength of Materials. Potential necessary for puncture expressed in kilovolts per centimetre thickness of the dielectric. Substance. Ebonite Empire cloth ss paper . Fibre.) s!faee Fuller board Glass\ 235 Ae; Granite (fused) Guttapercha. Impregnated jute . Leatheroid Linen, varnished . Liquid air Mica: Madras 0.1 mm. e 1.0 Bengal o.1 s¢ 1.0 Canada o.1 s 1.0 South America . Micanite Thickness. Kilovolts per cm, 300-1100 80-300 450 20 200-300 300-1 500 go 80-200 20 30-60 100-200 40-90 1600 300 2200 700 1500 Substance. Thickness. 0.2 mm. ro. (°° Oils: Castor Cottonseed . Lard 0.2 s 1.0 Linseed, raw 0.2 “ “cc re) s boiled 0.2 “ 6é 1.0 Lubricating. . : Neatsfoot 0.2 ss 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.2 1.0 Sperm, mineral 0.2 “ee 66 1.0 natural 0.2 ce “ 1.0 Turpentine 0.2 s 1.0 Olive Paraffin Kilovolts per cm. Kilovolts Substance. ponent Papers: Beeswaxed . Blotting . Manilla Paraffined . Varnished . Paraffine : Melted Melt point. Solid 43° “c 47° | “ 52g “ 70° Presspaper. Rubber . Vaseline. .. Thickness. 0.2 mm, TO" 35° 400 230 450 45-75 160-500 90-130 140 80 TABLE 260.— Potentials in Volts to Produce a Spark in Kerosene. Electrodes Balls of Diam. d. Determinations of the dielectric strength of the same substance by different observers do not agree well. cussion of the sources of error see Moscicki, Electrotechn. Z. 25, 1904. 3 : For more detailed information on the dependence of the sparking distance in oils as a function of the nature of the electrodes, see Edmondson, Phys. Review 6, 1898. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. For a dis- TABLE 261. 251 ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENTS OF CURRENT AND OF THE ELECTROMO- TIVE FORCE OF STANDARD CELLS. OOOO Electrochemical _ Equivalent found with Voltameter of Electromotive Force of Observer. Clark | Weston h Porous Rayleig Cell Cell Cup at 15° at 20°. ‘Form. Form. volts. volts. mg. mg. 1.1183 Tangent galvanometer . Filter paper voltameter Current balance . : Filter paper voltameter Erie Current balance . | F. and W. Kohlrausch Rayleigh & Sidgwick . Potier and Pellat . . eahlemral teh tab ve, edits Patterson and Guth Carhart and Guthe Pellatand Leduc . . Filter paper voltameter T.1192 Current balance . . .| 1. 1.1182 Electrodynamometer Silver oxide voltameter Electrodynamometer Current balance . Leduc voltameter . Tangent galvanometer. Filter paper voltameter Guthe . ... . . ./| Electrodynamometer Ayrton, Mather and Smith | Current balance . Smith and Lowry . . | Filter paper voltameter Janet, Laporte an Filter paper voltameter Jouausti<) fs. 5) j Current balance . iPellatterence) : . | Current balance . Guillet. . . . |Current balance . Van Dijk and Kunst . The most probable value of the Weston cell at 20° is 1.0182 volts, assuming the International ohm to be 10° c. g. s. units and the volt to be 10° c. g. s. units. The corresponding value of the Clark cell, as prepared at present, at 15°, is 1.4324 volts. The legal values of the Weston cell, however, are different in different countries, as follows: Wnited’States|(Bureauof Standards)) (404. % 3 sw ws 1.019125* v. at 20° Germany (Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt) . . . . . . 1.0186 volts at 20° England (National Physical Laboratory)... . . . . . . . 41.0184 volts at 20° The value of the Weston standard cell, used in the United States, is based upon the value adopted by the Chicago Electrical Congress (1893) for the Clark cell. The value used by Ger- many was adopted in 1896, and is based on Kahle’s work at the Reichsanstalt. The value used in England was adopted January I, 1909, and is based on the recommendation of the London Electrical Conference of 1908. It is expected that a new value will soon be agreed upon by the International Committee on Electrical Units and Standards, which will be adopted generally in all countries. The value of the electrochemical equivalent of silver is different when filter paper (Rayleigh form), silk, or other textile is used to separate the anode from the cathode from what it is when a porous cup is employed. The value found is also affected by the addition of silver oxide to the silver nitrate solution. The legal value in all countries is 1.118 mg. of silver per coulomb, and this is nearly the value found when using a porous cup voltameter, and the best determinations of the current that have been made by absolute current balances. Some corrections have been made to the figures given in the above table for the excess due to filter paper, but such corrections are very uncertain. * Based on 1.0189 at 25° C. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 252 TABLE 262. COMPOSITION AND ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE OF VOLTAIC CELLS. The electromotive forces given in this table approximately represent what may be expected from a cell in good work- ing order, but with the exception of the standard cells all of them are subject to considerable variation. (a) DousLte Fru Cag ts. Positive Negative pole. Solution. Solution. Amalgamated zinc } E Pe ar Carbon | Fuming H2NOg3 “ “ “ HNOs, density 1.38 12 parts KeCr207 to 25 parts of H2SOy, and 100 parts H2,O . Chromate . } I part H2SO, to 12 parts H2,O I part H2.SO, to 12 parts H2O. Ean] f par 1809} 172 12 parts KeCr20; to 100 parts H20 § Saturated solution 4 parts H2O Copper of CuSO4+-5H20 “c ae I part H2SOx, to 12 parts H,O. 5% solution of ZnSO, 4. 6H2,O I part NaCl to 4 parts H20 . I part H2SO,4 to 12 parts H,O . Platinum) Fuming HNO; . Solution of ZnSO4 is HNOsg, density 1.33 H2SOx,4 solution, density 1.136 . Concentrated HNO3 neo! solution, density 1.136 . HNOs, density 1.33 density 1.06 H2SO4 aaeeo density 1.14 HNOs, density 1.19 ee 25O,4 solution, : H2SO4 et density 1.06 NaCl solution. . s «density 1.33 Paste of protosul- ey I part HgSQO, to Marié Davy } ore HO i Carbon pe haat) 1.50 Partz .. Solution of MgSO, “ Solution of KyCr2O7 | 2.06 * The Minotto or Sawdust, the Meidinger, the Callaud, and the Lockwood cells are modifications of the Daniell, and hence have about the same electromotive force. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 262 (continued). 253 COMPOSITION AND ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE OF VOLTAIC CELLS. Negative Name of cell, | pole. Leclanche . . ./|Amal.zinc Chaperon Edison-Lelande Chloride of silver MER Waere ies 4s. Dry cell (Gassner) Poggendorff J. Regnault . Volta couple ! a It \ | i : Solution. (b) StncLe FLurip CELLs. Solution of sal-ammo- niace. Solution of caustic potash . : 23 % panto of sal- ee : my Hon, I pt. NHAC, 3 pts. plaster of paris, 2 pts. ZnCly,and water to make a paste : Solution of aa it of potash . . 12 parts KeCreO7 + 25 parts HeSO, + 100 parts H2O I part H2eSO4 + 12 parts H2O + . I ae Te . E. M. F. Positive pole. in volts. Carbon. Depolari- zer: manganese peroxide with {| powdered carbon Copper. Gas izer: CuO : il Silver. Depolari- zer: Silver chl’ride Carbon . Cadmium Copper . (¢) STANDARD CELLS. Mercury. } Cadmi’m Saturated solution of Depolarizer: paste I.O1Q! Weston normal . ea at } CdSO, i of HgeSO, andf| at 20°C CdSO, - : Mercury. { Zinc | § Saturated solution of t Depolarizer: paste 1.434* Clark standard. { am’lgam§ ZnSO4 of Hg2SO4, and at 15°C ZnSO4 . : (d) SeconpDaAryY CELLs. Lead accumulator | Lead . fea solution of , PbO wwe. as ks 2.2 ensity I.1 : 1.68 to Regnier (1). Copper .| CuSO4-+ H2SOxq . « 0.85, av- erage 1.3. se (2).; .|Amal.zinc| ZnSO, solution. . in'HesO,4: 2.36 DAI cs oe. Amal.zinc| H2SQOx4 density ab’t 1. I ol re oi oy: 2.50 I.I, mean Edison . . Iron KOH 20% solution . A nickel oxide . of full discharge. - * E.M.F. hitherto used at Bureau of Standards. (t—20) —0.00000095 (t—20)? Electrical Congress in 1893. The temperature formula is E, = See p. 251. The temperature formula is Ey = Ex9 —0.0000406 + 0.00000001 (t—20)8. The value given is that adopted by the Chicago International Es — 0.00119 (t—15) — 0.000007 (t—15)?. + F. Streintz gives the following value of the temperature variation a at different stages of charge: E. M. F. 1.9223 1.9828 2.0031 2.0084 2.0105 2.0779 2.2070 dE/dt X 108 140 228 335 285 255 130 73 Dolezalek gives the following relation between E. M. F. and acid concentration : Per cent H,SO, 64.5 52-2 35.3 21.4 5.2 E.M.F., 0° C 2.37 2-25 2.10 2.00 1.89 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 254 Distilled water. . Alum epieen saturated 21 at 16°.5 C Copper sulphate solution : sp. gr. 1.087 at 16°.6 C. Copper sulphate solution : saturated at 15° C. Sea salt eae sp. gr. 1.18 at 20°. Sal- une " solution : saturated at 15°.5 C. Zinc sulphate solution : sp. gr. 1.125 at 16°.9 C. Zinc sulphate solution : saturated at 15°.3 C. One part distilled water “ 3 parts saturated zinc sulphate solution . Strong sulphuric acid in distilled water : 1 to 20 by weight I to 10 by volume 1 to 5 by weight . 5to1by weight. . Concentrated sulphuric acid Concentrated nitric acid Mercurous sulphate paste . Distilled water containing trace of sulphuric acid SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 263. CONTACT DIFFERENCE OF Solids with Liquids and Temperature of substances Platinum. * Everett’s ‘* Units and Physical Constants: ” Table of TABLE 263 (continued). 255 POTENTIAL IN VOLTS. Liquids with Liquids in Air.* during experiment about 16° C. Amalgamated Distilled water. Alum solution saturated at 16°.5 C. Copper sulphate solution : saturated at 15° C. Zinc sulphate solution : Sp. gr. 1.25 at 169.9 C. Zinc sulphate solution : saturated at 15°.3 C. One part distilled water + 3 pts. zinc sulphate. Strong nitric acid. Distilled water. . J | oO ax Ww Alum solution : surety aprGrs C. . Copper sulphate solution : sp. gr. 1.087 at 16°.6 C. Copper sulphate : solution : saturated at 15° C. Sea salt solution: sp. gr. 1.18 at 20°.5C. . Sal-ammoniac _ solution: saturated at 15°.5 C. Zinc sulphate solution : } Sp. gr. 1.125 at 16°.9 C. Zinc sulphate acd t saturated at 15 One part Sotiled ee ee 3 parts saturated zinc sulphate solution Strong sulphuric acid in distilled water : Etozo by weight ...| <- Ito1oby volume , . .|—.358 I to 5 by weight . 5 to 1 by weight . Concentrated sulphuricacid| .848 Concentrated nitric acid Mercurous sulphate paste . Distilled water containing t trace of sulphuric acid . Ayrton and Perry’s results, prepared by Ayrton. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 256 TABLE 264. CONTACT DIFFERENCE OF POTENTIAL IN VOLTS. Solids with Solids in Air.* The following results are the “ Volta differences of potential,” as measured by an electrometer. They represent the difference of the potentials of the air near each of two metals placed in con- tact. This should not be confused with the junction electromotive force at the junction of two metals in metallic contact, which has a definite value, proportional to the coefficient of Peltier effect. The Volta difference of potential has been found to vary with the condition of the me- tallic surfaces and with the nature of the surrounding gas. No great reliance, therefore, can be placed on the tabulated values. ; The temperature of the substances during the experiment was about 18° C. Zinc Carbon. | Copper. ° Lead. | Platinum. in. inc. amal- | Brass. gam. Carbon’. Fa oO : : d : : : 1.208f | .414T Copper. . .| —.370 2 E ; : ; 894 .087 Tron}. 9. f. %. | 485 : : : : 7441 | —.064 Lead .. .| —.858 : ; : -3571 | —-472 Platinum . .| —.113t] . 2309)|| (6 s : 1-125 /\|)uee 207; Tin. . . .| —795T}|—.458|—.313] .099 | —.690 281 | .463 | —.372 Zinc. . . . |—1.096t | —.750| —.600|—.216 | —.981 : oO 144 |—.679 “ amalgam |—1.208f | —.894 | —.744 | —.357t | —1.125t | —.463 | —.144 —.822 Brass . . .| —414 |—.087| .064] . : a 679 | .822 oO The numbers not marked were obtained by direct experiment, those marked with a dag- ger by calculation, on the assumption that in a compound circuit of metals, all at the same temperature, there is no electromotive force. The numbers in the same vertical column are the differences of potential in volts between the substance named at the top of the column and the substance named on the same line in the first column, when the two substances are in contact. The metals used were those ordinarily obtained in commerce. * Everett’s “‘ Units and Physical Constants.””? The table is from Ayrton and Perry’s experiments, and was pres pared by Ayrton. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 265. 257 DIFFERENCE OF POTENTIAL BETWEEN METALS IN SOLUTIONS OF SALTS. The following numbers are given by G. Magnanini* for the difference of potential in hundredths of a volt between zinc in a normal solution of sulphuric acid and the metals named at the head of the different columns when placed in the solution named in the first column. The solutions were contained in a U-tube, and the sign of the differ- ence of potential is such that the current will flow from the more positive to the less positive through the ex- ternal circuit. Strength of the solution in pone molecules per Cadmium.t Lead. itre. No. of Salt. molecules. Difference of potential in centivolts. HeSO4 i 36.6 50.3 51.3 100.7 NaOH 19.5 31.8 0.2 80.2 KOH 2. 15.5 32.0 —1.2 77:0 NaeSO4 : 35-6 50.8 51.4 101.3 Na2S203 : 24.1 45-3 45-7 38.8 KNOg3 31-9 42.6 31.1 81.2 NaNOg : 32.3 51.0 40.9 95-7 KeCrO,g 42.8 41.2 40.9 94.6 KeCreO7 61.1 78.4 68.1 123.6 K2SO4 : 34-7 51.0 40.9 95-7 (NH4)2SO4 ; 37-1 53-2 57-64 101.5 Ky4FeCeNe6 : 33-6 50.7 41.2 —t KgFeo(CN)2 : 80.8 St. 130.9 110.7 KCNS 7 32:5 52.8 2.7 52.5 NaNOg 2 32 50.2 49.0 103.6 SrNO3 : 38.3 50.6 48.7 103.0 Ba(NOs)2 : 39-3 5i7 52.8 109.6 KNOg 35-6 47-5 49-9 104.8 KC1O3g 39-9 : 57-7 105.3 KBrOg 40.7 : II1.3 NH,Cl1 : 32.4 81.2 KF : 22.5 ; 50.8 61.3 NaCl 31.9 50.3 80.9 KBr : 3167, 5 73-6 KCl 32.1 : 81.6 Na2SOg : 28.7 68.7 NaOBr 41.6 ; 89.9 C4H6O¢ ; 39-7 6r. 104.6 C4H.O¢ x 41.3 ‘ ; 110.9 C4HaKNaOg . 31-5 100.8 * “Rend. della R. Acc. di Roma,’? 1890. + Amalgamated. + Not constant. § After some time. | A quantity of bromine was used corresponding to NAOH =1. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 258 TABLE 266. THERMOELECTRIC POWER. The thermoelectric power of a circuit of two metals is the electromotive force produced by one degree C. difference of temperature between the junctions. The thermoelectric power varies with the temperature, thus : thermoelectric power = 0 = dE /dt= A + St, where 4 is the thermoelec- tric power at o° C., B is a constant, and ¢ is the mean temperature of the junctions. The neutral point is the temperature at which ¢d# /d¢ =o, and its value is— 4/2. When acurrent is caused to flow in a circuit of two metals originally at a uniform temperature, heat is liberated at one of the junctions and absorbed at the other. The rate of production or liberation of heat at each junction, or Peltier effect, is given in calories per second, by multiplying the current by the co- efficient of the Peltier effect. This coefficient in calories per coulomb = Q7'/7, in which Q is in volts, 7'is the absolute temperature of the junction, and ¥= 4.19. Heat is also liberated or ab- sorbed in each of the metals as the current flows through portions of varying temperature. The rate of production or liberation of heat in each metal, or the Thomson effect, is given in calories per second by multiplying the current by the coefficient of the Thomson effect. This coefficient, in calories per coulomb, = B7'6/F, in which Z@ is in volts per degree C., 7 is the mean absolute temperature of the junctions, and @ is the difference of temperature of the junctions. (27) is Sir W. Thomson’s “ Specific Heat of electricity.” The algebraic signs are so chosen in the following table that when 4 is positive, the current flows in the metal considered from the cold junction to the hot. When Z is positive, Q increases (algebraically) with the temperature. The values of A, B, and thermoelectric power, in the following table are with respect to lead as the other metal of the thermoelectric circuit. The thermoelectric power of a couple composed of two metals, 1 and 2, is given by subtracting the value for 2 from that for 1 ; when this difference is positive, the current flows from the cold junction to the hot in 1. In the following table, 4 is given in micro- volts, 8 in microvolts per degree C., and the neutral point in degrees C. The table has been compiled from the results of Becquerel, Matthiessen and Tait; in reducing the results, the electromotive force of the Grove and Daniell cells has been taken as 1.95 and 1.07 volts. The value for constantin was reduced from results given in Landolt-Bornstein’s tables. The thermoelectric powers of antimony and bismuth alloys are given by Becquerel in the reference given below. Thermoelectric power at mean temp. of junctions (microvolts). Neutral point A B Substance. Microvolts.} Microvolts, 20° C, soc.C: 8 Aluminumss) (0 inc oem ee 0.76 | —0.0039 0.68 0.56 195 Antimony, comm’! pressed wire —6.0 - - rs axially eins ore —22.6 equatorial. . . . —26.4 Ordinary, scifi. { —17.0 Argentant.. ijuare \piomec te 12.95 s4 Bwoyw ss AYSeniC)). SSuel cememiremss ae 13.56 Bismuth, comm’! pressed wire . 97.0 6“ pure a “ - 89.0 crystal, axially 0. f 65.0 equatorial. . 45-0 commercial . = Cadmium). eyes 4" 2.m faa cc fused . Cobalt. .) i. : Constantin. gecene. Copper . “anes “ commercial “« galvanoplastic . Gold... Uke tare - a £5; yy MasZniswnawsass | Ji MN Ld . ww tn N oO Tron Se, alittle «pianoforte wire commercial . “ce 6c Pilooh<<4 6c Lead’. 3) Magnesium . 5 Mercury. . - . 6“ N DP kGomh ie tet oO Nickel . . . me “ (—18° to 175°) . (250°-300°) . (above 340°). sWSy4 a a a 8 SMITHSONIAN TABLES; TABLES 266 (continued)-267. THERMOELECTRIC POWER. TABLE 266.— Thermoelectric Power (continued ). Substance. | Palladium . Phosphorus (red) Platinum’. "4 « « ‘ (hardened) . (malleable) . wire another specimen . Platinum-iridium alloys: 85% Pt+15%Ir . 90% Pt+10o%Ir . 95% Pt+5%Ir . PIClEMIUIM ets) 6) SLVeIEeee cei, eh) oy «(pure hard) . “wire. ciare Steel Tellurium . Tin (commercial) “ 7 een ANCE Mecct ete “pure pressed . Microvolts. 6.18 A B Microvolts. 0.0355 0.0074 0.0109 —0.0062 0.0133 —0.005 5 —0.0147 0.0325 —0.0055 —0.0235 Thermoelectric power at mean temp. 0 junctions (microvolts). Neutral point a4. 20° C, 50°C, 6.9 6 —29.9 —o.9 —2.42 8.82 va 6. —8.03 —5.63 —6.26 —8o7. —2.41 — 3.00 —10.62 —502. —o.I 0.33 79 Sod —2 259 Author- ity. B_ Ed. Becquerel, “Ann. de Chim. et de Phys.” [4] vol. 8. M Matthiesen, “ Pogg. Ann.” vol. 103, reduced by Fleming Jenkin. T Tait, “Trans. R. S. E.” vol. 27, reduced by Mascart. TABLE 267.—Thermoelectric Power against Platinum. One junction is supposed to be at 0° C; + indicates that the current flows from the 0° junction into the platinum. The rhodium and iridium were rolled, the other metals drawn.* Tempera- ture, °C. ress ae 6. + aS ue DY 9 KARY ONANNWNO 5 6.1 7:9 9.9 2.0 4. 63 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 90% Pt+ 10%Pd. +4++++++ hE Oo Cory: COW COP O PO * Holborn and Day. DON ADADADNIOA Oo tata DAW =O s Oo +4+44+4+ ftps pit t4hb+ttt+ Mmm ODS HIOAMNBYW DN DAs Quiw NN SH NOD — RE NN See eee ee ttttt+ WON RO KANWD OO ¢ DR ONNO HAY 260 TABLE 268. PELTIER EFFECT. The coefficient of Peltier effect may be calculated from the con- stants 4 and B of Table 255, as there shown. Experimental re- sults, expressed in slightly different units, are here given. The figures are for the heat production at a junction of copper and the metal named, in calories per ampere-hour. The current flowing from copper to the metal named, a positive sign indicates a warm- ing of the junction, The temperature not being stated by either author, and Le Roux not giving the algebraic signs, these results are not of great value. Calories per ampere-hour. Jahn.* Le Roux.t Antimony (Becquerel’s) t sé (commercial) Bismuth (pure) es (Becquerel’s)§ Cadmium ° ° German silver. Tron Nickel . Platinum . Silver Zinc *® “ Wied. Ann.” vol. 34, p. 767. + ‘Ann. de Chim. et de Phys.’’ (4) vol. 10, p, 20r- + Becquerel’s antimony is 806 parts Sb+406 parts Zn+1a1 parts Bi. § Becquerel’s bismuth is 1o parts Bit+1 part Sb. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 269. 261 VARIOUS DETERMINATIONS OF THE VALUE OF THE OHM. Lord Rayleigh Lord Rayleigh Mascart . Rowland. Kohlrausch Glazebrook Wuilleumeier . Duncan and Wilkes Jones, Jones Rotating coil Lorenz method Induced current Mean of several methods Damping of magnets Induced currents Mean effect of induced currents 3 Lorenz method Lorenz method Lorenz method Value of . A. unit in ohms. Value of Sie- mens unit, B. A. unit. Value of ohm in cms. Himstedt : Mean effect of induced current : Lorenz method. (.98634) Mean effect of induced current, using a calibrated 1000-ohm coil Ayrton and Jones . Guillet. S Means ‘ 0.98651 Wild Wiedemann H. F. Weber . H. F. Weber . Roiti Damping of magnet - Earth inductor ‘ : = Induced current ° - Rotating coil . ~ Mean effect of induced current, using German silver coils certified by makers Mean effect of induced current, using German silver coils certified bymakers Lorenz method : Damping of magnet ; - Himstedt Lorenz Dorn The legal value of the ohm is the resistance of a column of mercury of uniform cross-section, weighing 14.4521 gms., and having a length of 106.30 cms. This is known as the international ohm. Mercury ohms conforming to these specifications have been prepared in recent years at the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt and the National Physical Laboratory, and are now being set up at the Bureau of Standards. The wire standards of resistance at the above-named laboratories agree in value to within two parts in roooco. Hence there is a very close agreement in the values of precision resistances calibrated at these laboratories. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 262 TABLE 270. SPECIFIC RESISTANCE OF METALLIC WIRES. This table is modified from the table compiled by Jenkin (1862) from Matthiessen’s results by taking the resistance of silver, gold, and copper from the observed metre gramme value and assuming the densities found by Matthiessen, namely, 10.468, 19.265, and 8.95. °C. in- crease of temp. at 20° C. Substance. wire one cm. long, one sq- cm. in section. Resistance at 0° C. of a wire one foot long, Resistance at 0° C. of a wire one foot long, Percentage increase of wire one metre long, roo in. in diam. Resistance at 0° C. of a Resistance at 0° C. of a wire one metre long, one mm. in diam. Resistance at 0° C. of a weighing one gramme. weighing one grain. resistance for 1 Silver annealed . : ;. 1.460 X 10%] 0.01859 152 8.781 .2184 9° I! W Q N “ hard drawn. . 1.585 0.02019 : 9.538 2379 Copper annealed a . 1.584 0.02017 ; 9.529 2037 “ hard drawn . 5 1.619 0.02062 : 9.741 2078 Gold annealed . : 2.088 0.02659 ; 12.56 5771 “hard drawn ht 2.125 0.02706 : 12.78 -5870 Aluminium annealed . 2.906 0.03699 : 17.48 -1071 Zinc pressed. : 5.613 0.07146 : 33.70 5753 Platinum annealed .. 9.035 0.1150 : 54.35 2.772 Tron is ° 9.693 0.1234 3 58.31 1.083 Nickel ; 12.43 0.1583 : 74.78 1.515 Tin pressed . 13.18 0.1678 : 79.29 1.377 Lead “ : : 19.14 0.2437 2 115.1 3-193 Antimony pressed. 35-42 0.4510 : 2195 3-410 Bismuth < . 130.9 1.667 : 787.5 18.43 Mercury s . : 94.07 1.198 : 565-9 18.34 24.33 0.3098 : 146.4. 4.186 Platinum-silver, 2 parts Ag, I part Pt, by weight German silver . : 20.89 : ; 125.7 2.617 Gold-silver, 2 parts Au, 10.84 . : 65.21 2.359 I part Ag, by weight SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Substance. Aluminum. Antimony . “ Arsenic . Bismuth “ “ Boron Cadmium . “cc “ Gold. Calcium Cobalt . Copper . fron . “ Tron . se . ° Indium . Lead . Lithium. Magnesium Nickel Palladium . Platinum Potassium . “ x Silver Strontium . Tellurium . “ TABLE 271 7 SPECIFIC RESISTANCE OF METALS. The specific resistance is here given as the resistance, in microhms, per centimetre of a bar one square centimetre in cross section. Physical state. Specific resistance. Temp. °C, Solid Liquid Electrolytic soft hard Commercial Pulverized and com- pressed Solid Liquid Annealed Hard-drawn Commercial Electrolytic Tempered glass hard « light yellow si yellow iE blue ¢ light blue ss soft Cast, hard “soft SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 2.6-3.0 35-4-45.8 182.8 129.2 137-7 33:3 108.0 108.7 110-268 8 X 1010 6.2-7.0 16.5 37-9 2.04-2.09 7: 3 9.8 1.55-1.63 1.61-1.68 9.7-12.0 Ut.2 105.5 114.8 118.3 19.1 85.8 104.4 113.9 45-7 (1 + .oo161¢) 28.9 (1 + .00244¢) a3 (1 + .002807) (1 + .003302) (1 + .00360/) (1 + .004232) 97.8 a2 8.4 5:9 9-53-11.4 9:53 20.96 oR 5-50-0.04 18.16 36.00 Oo Oo Melting-point 860 oO Ordinary Red heat Yellow heat Iron magnetic heat Ord. temp. Red heat Yellow heat Nearly white heat zt CODDDGFIVIDIOOKKAHS _ oo ° tX =~ O 263 Authority. Various. “ce De la Rive. “ “ Matthiessen and Vogt. Van Aubel. Various. Moissan. Various. Vassura. “ Various. Matthiessen. “ Various. “ ce Kohlrausch. Barus and Strouhal. Erhard. Various. Matthiessen. Various. “ Matthiessen. “ Various. Matthiessen. Vincentini and Omodei. Various. Vassura. “ “ 264 TABLE 272. RESISTANCE OF METALS AND The electrical resistance of some pure metals and of some alloys have been determined by Dewar and Fleming and increases as the temperature is lowered. The resistance seems to approach zero for the pure metals, but not for temperature tried. The following table gives the results of Dewar and Fleming.* When the temperature is raised above 0° C. the coefficient decreases for the pure metals, as is shown by the experi- experiments to be approximately true, namely, that the resistance of any pure metal is proportional to its absolute is greater the lower the temperature, because the total resistance is smaller. This rule, however, does not even zero Centigrade, as is shown in the tables of resistance of alloys. (Cf. Table 262.) Temperature = 20° | 0? | — 80° Metal or alloy. Specific resistance in c. g. s. units. Aluminium, pure hard-drawn wire. . . 4745 3505 3161 Copper, pure electrolytic and annealed . : 1920 1457 1349 Gold, soft wire : WaW tye | feisih. + Gok 4KeSO4 0.0226 | KNOg . . 4NaeSOq . 0.0238 | NaNOgs. . $LigSOg4 0.0232 | AgNOs. . 4MgSO4 0.0234 | 4Ba(NOs)2 4ZnSOg 0.0239 | KClOg. . $CuSO, 0.0241 | KC2H3O¢ . - SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 282. 275 THE EQUIVALENT CONDUCTIVITY OF SALTS, ACIDS AND BASES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS. In the following table the equivalent conductance is expressed in reciprocal ohms. The con- centration is expressed in milli-equivalents of solute per litre of solution at the temperature to which the conductance refers. (In the cases of potassium hydrogen sulphate and phosphoric acid the concentration is expressed in milli-formula-weights of solute, KHSO4 or HgPOy, per litre of solu- tion, and the values are correspondingly the modal, or “formal,” conductances.) Except in the cases of the strong acids the conductance of the water was subtracted, and for sodium acetate, ammonium acetate and ammonium chloride the values have been corrected for the hydrolysis of the salts. The atomic weights used were those of the International Commission for 1905, referred to oxygen as 16.00, Temperatures are on the hydrogen gas scale. gramme equivalents 1000 litre : reciprocal ohms per centimetre cube gramme equivalents per cubic centimetre. Concentration in Equivalent conductance in Equivalent conductance at the following °C temperatures. Substance. 218° | 281° Potassium chloride . 130.1 |(152.1)|(232.5)|(321-5)} 424 | (519) 625 “ ee 126.3 | 146.4] - = | 393 | - | 588] 779 | 930 122.4 | 141.5 | 215.2 | 295.2 | 377 | 470 | 560 | 741 | 874 213:5.h104 ei =. | 342 498 | 638 | 723 112.0 | 129.0 | 194.5 | 264.6] 336 490 = + — | 362 555 | 760 | 970 349 534 | 722 | 895 330 511 | 685 | 820 301 450 | 500) 674 296 442 367 570 | 780 | 965 353 539 | 727 | 877 337 507 | 673 | 790 326 488 | 639 312 462 | 599 | 680 204 432 | 552 | 614 289 > fab Ube hk he es un 450 | 660 421 | 578 396 | 542 349 43 690 | 1080 377 241 195 285 268 253 221 426 302 234 190 160 136 _ _ - ~ _ Ammonium chloride ‘ “ “ “ Ammonium acetate. “ “ Cte te een eesti a ab! From the investigations of Noyes, Melcher, Cooper, Eastman and Kato; Journal of the American Chemical Society, 39, SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 276 TABLE 282 (continued). THE EQUIVALENT CONDUCTIVITY OF SALTS, ACIDS AND BASES IN. AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS. Equivalent conductance at the following ° C temperatures. Substance. 156° | 218° | 28x° Barium nitrate. . . “ “ 715| 828 481 | 618} 658 412) .507') 503 372 |. 449| 430 715 | 1065 | 1460 605| 806} 893 537 | 672| 687 455} 545} 519 415} 482] 448 1085 | 1265 | 1380 1048 | 1217 | 1332 807 1016 | 1168 |-1226 762 946 | 1044 | 1046 754 929 | 1006 826 1047 |(1230) 806 1012 | 1166 786 978 75° 917 728 880 8g1 |(1041)} 1176 571| 551 | 536 446| 460 | 481 come 384| 417 | 448 | 1.86 X 10-7 | o— 110 Water vapor .] 1.4X1074 - 145 The dielectric constant of air at atmospheric pressure but with varying tem- perature may also be calculated from the fact that D—1 is approximately pro- portional to the density. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 280 TABLES 288, 289. DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS (continued). TABLE 288.—Change of the Dielectric Constant of Gases with the Pressure, Temper- | Pressure} Dielectric ature,° C. apne ei Authority. 1.0108 Tangl, 1907. 1.0218 “ 1.0330 1.0439 1.0548 I.O101 1.0196 1.0294 1.0387 1.0482 1.0579 1.0674 1.0760 1.0845 1.008 1.020 1.060 1.010 1.025 1.070 e . e e ° ® ° . . . eoeeececet ee @ @ Oe O70 OW 10, (O10. 70) -0.e ee e ° ° . Carbon dioxide . “ee “ -_ Nn 6 “ Nitrous oxide, N20 6c “ “ = wm TABLE 289.— Dielectric Constants of Liquids. A wave-length greater than 10000 centimetres is denoted by 0. ~ | Dielectric constant. V€- |Dielectric Wa S <= Substance. length, constant. | 5 cm. < 2 Substance. Author- ity. Alcohol: Alcohol : Amyl. . . | frozen Methyl es *—I00 i ie 45:3 35.0 31.2 33:2 46.2 33-7 24.8 22.2 : 3 12.3 Acetone)... /: 33-8 ec “cs Propyl “ . frozen —I20 —8o Oo +20 17 “o © @ @ « “« © @ © «¢ “ “ “ Acetic acid “ “ Amy] acetate Amylene . CORN DON OUMNH ee ED frozen —I00 = eo OOD NNO OO et et ONO eet _ References on page 28% SMITHSONIAN TABLES, TABLE 289 (continued). DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS OF LIQUIDS. A wave-length greater than 10000 centimetres is desiguated by oo. 281 Substance. Substance. Te oo (frozen) -|—I0 Io oO 23 +15 20 yee 30 17 : eaUaKe 18 Eee a 18 : eure 17 ce eas 17 5 @ctanei evens 17 14 Oils : 17 ; Almond 20 Gaston ea care II . | —40 Colza Ae 20 ° : Cottonseed . . 14 18 : Lemon. ... 21 20 Linseed . . .| 13 60 Neatsfoot. 100 Olive 140 Peanut. 180 Petroleum : Crit. Petroleum ether cempe Rape seed 192 Sesame 18 Sperm . 2 Turpentine Me) Vestine = = Phenol Toluol 15 “ 15 15 Anilinvss 5 < Benzol (benzene) « 18 19 Nitrobenzol . “ Bromine. . Carbon bisulphide Decane Decylene Ethyl ether “ “ 20 11.4 20 16 13.4 20 20 48 | 73 eee eo i = 10 s6 Sihismeros, se IO 73 Meta-xylol . . . 18 oo “ “cc eS 7 e 17 73 Waters." \ 18 ee) for temp. coeff. 17 | 200 see Table. 17 74 17 38 4 2 6 2 6 2 PLHP PKLOVROWDN ANH WWWWUN OH NIST HG em GOON aun Hexane ae 17 Hydrogen perox- 18 ide 46 % in HzO -_ ™N oo ~ oO “I co Ni oo O Oo 1 Abegg-Seitz, 1899. 2 Drude, 1896. 3 Marx, 1898. 4 Lampa, 1896. 5 Abegg, 1897. 6 Thwing, 1894. 7 Drude, 1898. 8 Francke, 1893. g Lowe, 1898. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 10 Landolt-Jahn, 1892. 11 Turner, 1900. 12 Schlundt. 13 Tangl, 1903. 14 Coolidge, 1899. 15 v. Lang, 1896. 16 Nernst, 1894. 17 Calvert, 1900. 18 Hasenohrl, 18096. 19 Arons-Rubens, 1892. 20 Hopkinson, 1881. 21 Salvioni, 1888. 22 Tomaszewski, 1888, 23 Heinke, 1896. 24 Marx. 25 Fuchs. 282 TABLES 290-291. DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS OF LIQUIDS (continued). TABLE 290.— Temperature Coefficients of the Formula: De=D,{1—a(t— 0)+B(¢— 0)?]. Substance. Amy] acetate. Aniline . Benzoli Ga pean Carbon bisulphide . “é “ Chloroform Ethyl ether ° Methyl alcohol . Oils: Almond Castor . Olive A Paraffine . Toluol . st fetes Rete 0.00000046 Water 2) co meee - ss Get 0.00001 17 ac Meta-xylol : ee - (See Table 287 for the signification of the letters.) TABLE 291.— Dielectric Constants of Liquified Gases. Authority. Lowe. Ratz. Hasenohrl. Ratz. Tangl. “ee Ratz. Drude. Hasenohrl. Heinke, 1896. ce “ Hasenohrl. Ratz. Tangl. Heerwagen. Drude. Coolidge. Tangl. A wave-length greater than 10000 centimetres is designated by oo. Dial. constant. Substance. Substance. Authority, IAtiy Weed Be ite: uke ‘ Nitrous oxide “ Ammonia. “ Carbon dioxide . & “ Oxygen cc Sulphur dioxide Cyanogen : : 7 Hydrocyanicacid Critical . Hydrogen sulph. Dial. constant. Wave- length cm. I v. Pirani, 1903. 4 Coolidge, 1899. 7 Schlundt, 1gor. 2 Bahn-Kiebitz, 1904. 5 Linde, 1895. 8 Hasenohrl, 1900. 3 Goodwin-Thompson, 1899. 6 Eversheim, 1904." 9 Fleming-Dewar, 18096. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLES 292, 293.— DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS (continued). 283 TABLE 292.— Standard Solutions for the Calibration of Apparatus for the Measuring of Dielectric Constants, Substance. Benzol . Meta-xylol Ethyl ether . Aniline. aie Ethyl chloride . . O-nitro toluol . . Nitrobenzol. .. . Water (conduct. 10-*) Condi- Substance. Gat Asphalt Barium phate Caoutchouc . Diamond , “ Ebonite “ sul- “ Flint (extra heavy) . Flint (very light) . Hard crown Mirror “ “ Lead (Pow- ene Jena Boron Barium Borosili- cate =: Gutta percha. HCG Way esis “ SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Diel. const. at 18°. A=0, Per cent by weight. 2.288 2.376 4. 36" 7.298 10. 27. go 71 6.45 I ave- ie mngth, “ 07 Water in acetone at 19°. Dielectric constant. Acetone in benzol at 19°. Drude. Dielectric : ‘° Density 16°. eGnsane 2.26 5.10 5.43 12.1 16.2 20.5 0.885 0.866 0.847 0.830 0.813 0.797 Substance. Hon Iodine (cryst.) . Lead chloride . (powder) “nitrate “© sulphate . “ ~molybde- nate . Marble (Carrara) Mica , : 23 Madras, brown : green <¢ ruby Bengal, yellow “white . ruby . Canadian am- DET chs South America Ozokerite (raw) Paper (tele- phone) “ (cable) PS ae lh det “ Melti Paraffine. . “ References on p. 284. * For the effect of temperature, see Gray-Dobbie, Pr. Roy. Soc. 63, 18983; 67, 1900. Ae . Lowe, Wied. Ann. 66, 1898. wave-length, see K. A= 75 cm. Condi Nernst. Ethy] alcohol in water at 19.5°. A=, Temp. coefficient. Per cent |Dielectric by weight.) constant. 0.1% 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 26.0 ae 33- 38.0 43-1 A=75 cm. eae Dielectric ? ane constant. x is o & a o- < Temp. ng e« «| point. 44-46 54-56 74-76 284 TABLES 293, 294. DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS (continued). TABLE 293. — Dielectric Constants of Solids (continued). Substance. Condi- Diel. A Wave- . Condi- Diel. : Substance. : length, Constante lie ; = constant. tion. Paraffine . .| 47.96] 61 2.16 cc = il) 50251 OL 2.25 Amorphous Phosphorus: & Yellow .. - 75 3-60 Cast, fresh Solid: a1 - 80 4.1 es G Liquid .. - 80 3.85 . Porcelain: Cast, old Hard ct) 6c = (Royal B’I’n) 5-73 near Seger “ “ 6.61 Liquid . melting- Figure “ “ 6.84 point Selenium . 7.44 Strontium s 6.60 sulphate - 11.3 6.13 Thallium 6.14 carbonate - 17 3.10 “nitrate ) - 16.5 SS 2:95-3:73 Wood dried 6 Red beech . | || fibres 4.83-2.51 “ “ e fe “ 7.73-3.63 Oak. teas 4.22-2.46 as 2 heeds ants 6.84-3.64 Shellac. I v. Pirani, 1903. 10 Lowe, 1898. 18 Fallinger, 1902. 2 Schmidt, 1903. II (submarine-data). 19 Boltzmann, 1875. 3 Gordon, 1879. 12 Thwing, 1894. 20 Zietkowski, 1900. 4 Winklemann, 1889. 13 Abegg, 1897. 21 Hormell, 1902. 5 Elsas, 1891. 14 Behn-Kiebitz, 1904. 22 Schlundt, 1904. 6 Ferry, 1897. I5 Starke, 1897. 23 Vonwiller-Mason, 1907. 7 Hopkinson, 18qt. 16 E. Wilson. 24 Wiillner, 1887. 8 Arons-Rubens, 1891. 17 Campbell, 1906. 25 Donle. g Gray-Dobbie, 1898. TABLE 294. — Dielectric Constants of Crystals. Da, DB, Dy are the dielectric constants along the brachy, macro and vertical axes respectively. Wave-| Diel. const. ; : Wave- Diel. const. Substance. length, |= 5 ar ee Substance. length, cm, |. Axis.||| Axis. cm. Da UNIAXIAL: RHOMBIC: Apatite 728.01 3 Sil) (75: | 9350" || 7aA0 Arragonite . *. ~. 9.14 Beryl . oP ae ead FCO ae 7.44 Mewes noth, 9.80 se 7.10 | 6.05 IBaritekcpee eet rie tic 6.97 cope eprom 75) || 10.05 STE ine is 1 7.65 Calespar®.h \.;. Gane oO 8.49 Geelestin.. .°. 7.70 oh oi dre Nees as 8.78 @erussite. :) .) « 25.4 Dolomite; . ..72|| °75 || 7:80 MgSO4+7H20 . 5.26 Iceland Spar’ .° 5/1) 278%) || (3:50 oS O4e eons: ve i 6.09 Quartz eee © 4.69 Rochelle salt . . 6.70 ‘- See Aedes Sulphure-s .) eoers 3.81 1000 | 4.27 SOBs cuter anette 3-65 So Mie etl tetgcioles 3.62 WopaZie ont : 6.65 “ Breton ces o Seas 4.32 Rutil (TiO)... ee 8 Tourmaline. . .] 0 | 7.13 “cs . Bs ‘ 7 6.7 ZATCON Ss ice i : I 28 = eI ONIN SH ee Re I 2 3 I 4 5 I I 4 6 6 I I 4 I I 1 Schmidt, 1903. 4 Fallinger, 1902. 7 Borel, 1893. 2 Starke, 1897. 5 v. Pirani, 1903. 8 Boltzmann, 1875. 3 Curie, 1889. 6 Ferry, 1897. SmitHsoNiaN TasB_es, TABLE 295. 285 VARIATION OF ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE OF CLASS AND PORCELAIN WITH TEMPERATURE. The following table gives the values of a, 4, and c in the equation log R=a-+t 4+ ch, where & is the specific resistance expressed in ohms, that is, the resistance in ohms per centimetre of a rod one square centimetre in cross section.* y Range of Kind of glass. Density. temp. Centigrade. Test-tube glass sivas ° 13.86 | —.044 .00006 5 0°—250° corays . . : : 14.24 | —.055 -OOOI 37-131 Bohemian glass Toe oes 16.21 | —.043 .0000394 | 60-174 Lime glass (Japanese manufacture) . 13.14 | —.031 | —.cooo21 10-85 & “ : 14.002 | —.025 | —.00006 35-95 Soda-lime glass (French flask) 14.58 | —.049 .00007 5 45-120 Potash-soda lime glass . calle 22 16.34 |—.0425] .0000364| 66-193 Arsenic enamel flint glass . : 18.17 | —.055 .000088 | 105-135 Flint glass (Thomson’s electrometer jar) : : ° : ‘ ; 18.021 | —.036 | —.0000091 Porcelain (white evaporating dish) . 15.65 | —.042 00005 CoMPOSITION OF SOME OF THE ABOVE SPECIMENS OF GLAss. Number of specimen = Silica. Tae oR : 61.3 57-2 Potash . : ° . : 22.9 21% Soda. 3 ; ; . | Lime, etc. | Lime, etc. Lead oxide . nee . | by diff. by diff. Lime . 3 ; : ; 15.8 16.7 Magnesia Arsenic oxide Alumina, iron oxide, etc. * T. Gray, “* Phil. Mag.’? 1880, and “* Proc. Roy. Soc.’? 1882, SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 286 TABLES 296, 297, PERMEABILITY OF IRON. TABLE 296.— Permeability of Iron Rings and Wire. This table gives, for a few specimens of iron, the magnetic induction B, and permeability «, corresponding to the magneto-motive forces recorded in the first column. The first specimen is taken from a paper by Rowland,* i and refers to a welded and annealed ring of ‘‘ Burden’s Best”? wrought iron. The ring was 6.77 cms, in mean 4 diameter, and the bar had a cross sectional area of 0.916 sq. cms. Specimens 2-4 are taken from a paper by ] Bosanquet,t and also refers to soft iron rings. The mean diameters were 21.5, 22.1, and 22.725 cms., and the thickness of the bars 2.535, 1.295, and -7544 cms. respectively. These experiments were intended to illustrate the effect of thickness of bar on the induction. Specimen 5 is from Ewing’s book,t and refers to one of his own ; experiments on a soft iron wire .o77 cms. diameter and 30.5 cms, long. Specimen 1 gh force re- bility hen the specimen is a thin drawn wire is noticeable in specimen 5. <= ee vo > S c - o ay 5 9 o o Rc BH Hi 2 ° a value of the magnetizing quired for maximum permea Ww TABLE 297. — Permeability of Transformer Iron.§ This table contains the results of some experiments on transformers of the Westinghouse and Thomson-Houston types. Referring to the headings of the different columns, 7 is the total magneto-motive force applied to the iron; M/I the magneto-motive force per centimetre length of the iron circuit; & the total induction through the mag- netizing coil; B/a the induction per square centimetre of the mean section of the iron core; 47/8 the magnetic reluctance of the iron circuit; B///M/a the permeability of the iron, a being taken as the mean cross section of the iron circuit as it exists in the transformer, which is thus slightly greater than the actual cross section of the iron. (a) WxstinGHousE No. 8 TRANSFORMERS (ABOUT 2500 WaTTS Capacity). First specimen. Second specimen. u B B a 0.917 X 10-4 1.25 < 10m 0.681 “ 0.82% tis 0.683 0.73 “ 0-734 O77." 0.819 O:OGn 0.903 2:97" 0.994 L.O7) ae 1.090 ipikey 1.180 T2901 1.270 Teak. alien 1.360 eb 3 1.540 * “ Phil. Mag.*? 4th series, vol. xlv. p. 151- + Ibid. sth series, vol. xix. p. 73. + ‘* Magnetic Induction in Iron and Other Metals.” § T. Gray, from special experiments. GMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 297 (continued). 287 PERMEABILITY OF TRANSFORMER IRON. (b) WexstinGHousE No. 6 TRANSFORMERS (ABOUT 1800 WaTTs CAPACITY). First specimen. Second specimen. 147X108 | 1320 | I. : 3140 442 “ 3980 | 0. ; as 4490 697 6280 | o. : 4030 862 7770 | 0. 8 3590 949 8550 | I. 3060 IO1O gi06 | I. 5 2670 1060 9550 | I. : 2430 1090 9820 : 2180 1120 IOI00 1970 1150 10400 - (c) WestTinGHousE No. 4 TRANSFORMER THomson-HousTon 1500 WATTS TRANSFORMER, (aBouT 1200 Watts Capacity). (a) 5 BN ae Ne a Bivweee' Me 147X10° | 1470 ; 1560 | 2.86x10-4 3730 } 3160 ||} 2:03 A 3780 406 “ | 4066 | o. : 4770 | 2.81 3790 : 5910 | 3.02 3520 573 5730 6890 | 3.24 3280 7790 | 3-45 3080 659 6590 | I. ; QI00 | 3.92 2710 “ 10200 | 4.39 2430 714 7140 11000 | 4.87 2190 : T1690 | 5.35 1990 748 7490 | I. : 12270 | 5.82 1820 : 12780 | 6.2 1690 777 7770 : 13180 | 6.78 1570 13470 | 7.28 1460 288 TaBLes 298-300. MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF IRON. TABLE 298.— Magnetic Properties of Iron and Steel. Electrical Sheets. Ordinary. Silicon Chemical composi- tion in per cent Coercive force Residual B Maximum permeability [ oo B for H—=r50.0 [19100] | (15400) [18200] | [17550] : 21420 | 20600 16400 4nmI for saturation [21420] | (20200) [16800] | [20500] | [19260] E. Gumlich, Zs. fiir Electrochemie, 15, p. 599; 1909. Brackets indicate annealing at 800° C in vacuum. Parentheses indicate hardening by quenching from cherry-red. TABLE 299. — Cast Iron in Intense Fields. Soft Cast Iron. Hard Cast Iron. B I B I 9950 782 3 7860 614 10800 846 ; 9700 752 13900 1070 : 10850 836 15750 1200 : ; 13050 983 17300 1280 j 14050 1044 18170 1300 ‘ 15900 1138 31100 1465 ; 16800 1146 32100 1473 : 26540 1235 32500 148 : 28600 1226 33650 1472 : 30200 1226 B. O. Peirce, Proc. Am. Acad. 44, 1909. TABLE 300. — Corrections for Ring Specimens. In the case of ring specimens, the average magnetizing force is not the value at the mean radius, the ratio of the two being given in the table. The flux density consequently is not uniform, and the measured hysteresis is less than it would be for a uniform distribution. This ratio is also given for the case of constant permeability, the values being applicable for magnetizations in the neigh- borhood of the maximum permeability. For higher magnetizations the flux density is more uni- form, for lower it is less, and the correction greater. Ratio of Ratio of Average H to Ratio of Hysteresis for Uniform Radial H at Mean Radius. Distribution to Actual Hysteresis. Wit £60 ee ; Diameter Rectangular Circular Rectangular Circular of Ring. Cross-section. | Cross-section. | Cross-section. Cross-section. 1.084 1.033 1.018 1.011 1.008 1.006 1.004 1.002 1.001 M. G. Lloyd, Bull. Bur. Standards, 5, p. 435; 1908. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TaBLes 301, 302. 289 DEMAGNETIZING FACTORS FOR RODS. TABLE 301. /7= true intensity 0. magnetizing field, W’ = intensity of applied field, 7=in- tensity of magnetization, WH = A’/—JV/. Shuddemagen says: The demagnetizing factor is not a constant, falling for highest values of /to about 1/7 the value when unsaturated; for values of B (=#+427) less than 10000, V is approximately constant; using a solenoid wound on an insulating tube, or a tube of split brass, the reversal method gives values for V which are considerably lower than those given by the step-by-step method; if the solenoid is wound on a thick brass tube, the two methods prac- tically agree. Values of WV X 104. Cylinder, Ballistic Step Method, steuale ; Magneto- : Shuddemagen for Range of Ellipsoid. iat ace Dubois. Practical Constancy. 2 Method zation. (Mann). Diameter, 0.158 cm, | 0.3175 cm, | 1.111 cm, I.go5 cm, 2160 1960 1206 1075 775 671 393 343 238 209 162 149 106 63 41 21 II C, R. Mann, Physical Review, 3, p. 359; 1896, H. DuBois, Wied. Ann. 7, p. 9423 1902. ; As C, L. B. Shuddemagen, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. 43, p. 185, 1907 (Bibliography). TABLE 302. Shuddemagen also gives the following, where Z is determined by the step method and H=A’—KB. Recike Values of KX 104, Length to Diameter, Diameter Diameter 0.3175 cm. 1,1 to 2.0 cm, ~ 85.2 = 53:3 = 30.6 O. 27.3 136 16.6 12.7 11.6 9-25 8.45 5°5 5:05 3.66 3.26 1.83 1.67 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 290 TABLE 303. COMPOSITION AND MACNETIC This table and Table 289 below are taken from a paper by Dr. Hopkinson * on the magnetic properties of iron and steel. which is stated in the paper to have been 240. The maximum magnetization is not tabulated; but as stated in the by 4m. ‘‘ Coercive force” is the magnetizing force required to reduce the magnetization to zero. The “* demag- previous magnetization in the opposite direction to the ‘‘ maximum induction” stated in the table. The “energy which, however, was only found to agree roughly with the results of experiment. Description of specimen. Wrought iron . : Malleable cast iron . Gray cast iron . : Bessemer steel . : Whitworth mild steel “ee “ “ “ “e ee 6 “ steel Manganese steel Ty oe Hadfield’s manganese t “ “ “ Silicon steel 66 oe “ 6 Chrome steel “ 6“ “ “ce “ “ Tungsten steel ce 6“ s (French) “ Gray cast iron . Mottled cast iron White “ “ Spiegeleisen Annealed “ Annealed Oil-hard- j ened Annealed Oil-hard- } ened As forged Annealed Oil-hard- } ened As forged Annealed } Oil-hard- ened As forged Annealed Oil-hard- } ened As forged Annealed Oil-hard- } ened As forged Annealed Oil-hard- ened As forged Annealed in tepid water Oil-hard- } ened Very hard * Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. vol. 176. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Manga- nese. Chemical analysis. Sulphur. | Silicon t Graphitic Phos- ‘| phorus. carbon. Other substances. TABLE 308 (continued). PROPERTIES OF IRON AND STEEL. 291 The numbers in the columns headed “‘ magnetic properties ”’ give the results for the highest magnetizing force used, paper, it may be obtained by subtracting the magnetizing force (240) from the maximum induction and then dividing netizing force ” is the magnetizing force which had to be applied in order to leave no residual magnetization after dissipated’? was calculated from the formula:— Energy dissipated = coercive force X maximum induction ~ 7 Ne Description of Test. specimen. 1 | Wrought iron . : 2 | Malleable cast iron . 3 | Gray cast iron . 4 | Bessemer steel . : 5 | Whitworth mild steel 6 “cc “es 7 ‘“ “ 8 “ “ 9 “ “ i steel 11 | Manganese steel I2 “cr o 13 “ce “ I “ec “ ce “ “ 16 “cc “ 17 | Silicon steel . tert Is “ce “ ‘ 19 “ “ zo | Chrome steel 21 “ce “ce 22 “ “ 2 “ “ 24 “ “c 2 5 “ “ 26 | Tungsten steel . 277 4c “ 28 “ “ 29 “ “ 30 ¢ (&rench) .. 31 “ “c e 32 | Gray cast iron . 33 | Mottled cast iron BUG teNWiite wees 6S 35 | Spiegeleisen Hadfield’s manganese ! Temper. Annealed Annealed Oil-hard- } ened Annealed Oil-hard- ened As forged Annealed Oil-hard- } ened As forged Annealed { Oil-hard- {ened As forged Annealed Oil-hard- ened As forged Annealed Oil-hard- } ened As forged Annealed Oil-hard- ened As forged Annealed in cold water in tepid water Oil hard- ened Very hard Hardened Hardened Magnetic properties. Specific Energy dis- electri- ——————_} energy ais Traste| Maxie |(Resacail Goo ana sipated per Biveee Sein idaue- ave tenn cycle. duction.| tion. force. | force. .01378] 18251} 7248] 2.30] — 13350 03254] 12408] 7479 | 880] — 34742 -10560| 10783] 3928] 3.80] — 13037 .O10§0| 18196] 7560} 2.96] — 1737, .O1080} 19840} 7080 1.63} —- 10289 .01446| 18736] 9840] 6.73] —- 40120 01390] 18796] 11040 ] II.00} — 65786 .01559| 16120] 10740 | 8.26) — 42366 01695] 16120] 8736] 19.38] — 99401 06554) 310; — - - 05308] 4623] 2202 | 23.50] 37.13 34567 03928} 10578] 5848 | 33.86] 46.10] 113963 05556} 4769] 2158 | 27.64} 40.29] 41941 06993} 747] - = a 06316] 1985 540 | 24.50] 50.39 15474 07066} 733 = - = .06163] 15148} 11073 | 9.49] 12.60 45740 .06185| 14701] 8149} 7.80] 10.74 30485 .06195| 14696} 8084 | 12.75} 17.14 59619 02016] 15778] 9318 | 12.24] 13.87 61439 01942] 14848] 7570] 8.98] 12.24 42425 .02708] 13960] 8595 | 38.15] 48.45] 169455 .01791| 14680] 7568 | 18.40} 22.03 85944 01849} 13233] 6489 | 15.40] 19.79 64842 03035] 12868} 7891 | 40.80| 56.70] 167050 02249] 15718-| 10144 | 15.71 | 17-75 78568 02250] 16498 | 11008 | 15.30] 16.93 80315 02274, — - - - - .02249| 15610} 9482 | 30.10] 34-70] 149500 .03604| 14480} 8643 | 47-07| 64.46] 216864 .04427| 1213 6818 | 51.20] 70.69] 197660 -1I400] 914 3161 | 13.67} 17.03 39789 .06286) 10546} 5108 | 12.2 + 41072 05661] 9342] 5554 | 12.24] 20.40 30383 -10520} 385 77, a = = SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 292 TaBLes 304-306. : PERMEABILITY OF SOME OF THE SPECIMENS IN TABLE 303. | | This table gives the induction and the permeability for different values of the magnetizing force of some of the speck mens in Table 303. ‘Ihe specimen numbers refer to the same table. The numbers in this table have been taken from the curves given by Dr. Hopkinson, and may therefore be slightly in error; they are the mean values for | rising and falling magnetizations. ; | Speci (iron) Specimen 8 Specimen 9g (same as Specimen 3 ok aed Dee eS (annealed steel). 8 tempered). (cast iron). ing force. B be B rv 1525 gooo 11500 12650 13300 13800 14350 14900 15700 16100 Tables 305-309 give the results of some experiments by Du Bois,* on the magnetic properties of iron, nickel, and cobalt under strong magnetizing forces. ‘Ihe experiments were made on ovoids of the metals 18 centimetres long and 0.6 centimetres diameter. The specimens were as follows: (1) Soft Swedish iron carefully annealed and having a density 7.82. (2) Hard English cast steel yellow tempered at 230° C.; density 7.78. (3) Hard drawn best nickel containing 99 % Ni with some SiO, and traces of Fe and Cu; density 8.82. (4) Cast cobalt giving the following composition on analysis: Co = 93.1, Ni= 5.8, Fe—0.8, Cu=o.2, Si=o.1,andC=0.3. The speci- men was very brittle and broke in the lathe, and hence contained a surfaced joint held together by clamps during the experiment. Referring to the columns, 7, 8, and u have the same meaning as in the other tables, S is the magnetic moment per gramme, and / the magnetic moment per cubic centimetre. A and S are taken from the curves published by Du Bois; the others have been calculated using the densities given. TasBLe 305. MACNETIC PROPERTIES OF SOFT IRON AT O° AND 100° C. Soft iron at 0° C. Soft iron at 100° C, CON PEIN TONS TaBLe 306. MACNETIC PROPERTIES OF STEEL AT O° AND 100° C. Steel at 0° C. Steel at 100° C. * ad Phil. Mag.”’ 5 series, vol. xxix. t The results in this and the other tables for forces above 1200 were not obtained from the ovoids above referred to, but from a small piece of the metal provided with a polished mirror surface and placed, with its polished face nor- mal to the lines of force, between the poles of a powerful electromagnet. The induction was then inferred from the ae of the plane of a polarized ray of red light reflected normally from the surface. (See Kerr’s ‘‘ Constants,’? Pp. 292. TABLES 307-313. 293 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF METALS. TABLE 307. — Cobalt at 100° C. TABLE 308. — Nickel at 100° O. S I B 35-0 | 309 | 3980 43-0 | 380 | 4966 40.0 | 406 | 5399 50-0 | 441 6043 51.5 | 454 | 6409 I00o | 53.0 | 468 6875 1500 | 56.0 ; 494 | 7707 : 2500 | 58.4 | 5SI5 8973 147 1176 5 é 4000 59-0 | §20 | 10540 9 149 ! 1192 |! 23980 : 6000 | 59.2 12561 At 0° C. this specimen gave the fol- gooo 59-4 15585 lowing results : 12000 | 59.6 26 | 18606 7900 | 154 | 1232 | 23380 | 3.0 At 0° C. this specimen gave the lowing results : 12300 | 67.5 | 595 | 19782 | TABLE 309. — Magnetite. The following results are given by Du Bois * for a specimen of magnetite. Professor Ewing has investigated the effects of very intense fields on the induction in iron and other metals.t The results show that the intensity of magnetization does not increase much in iron after the field has reached an in- tensity of 1000 ¢. g. s. units, the increase of induction above this being almost the same as if the iron were not there, that is to say, @8/d@// is practically unity. For hard steels, and particularly manganese steels, much higher forces are required to produce saturation. Hadfield’s manganese steel seems to have nearly constant susceptibility up to a magnetizing force of 10,000. The following tables, taken from Ewing’s papers, illustrate the effects of strong fields on iron and steel. The results for nickel and cobalt do not differ greatly from those given above. TABLE 310. — Lowmoor TABLE 311. — Vicker’s TABLE 312. — Hadfield’s Wrought Iron. Tool Steel. Manganese Steel. TABLE 313. — Saturation Values for Steels of Different Kinds. Bessemer steel containing about 0.4 per cent carbon . Siemens-Marten stee] containing about 0.5 per cent carbon | 18000 Crucible steel for making chisels, containing about 0.6 per CEHINCANIOMEME UM Wee lefts. sib tes) Gb mt sy ifs er|NEOA7O Finer quality of 3 containing about 0.8 per cent carbon. . | 18330 Crucible steel containing I percent carbon . . . . . . | 19620 Whitworth’s fluid-compressed steel. . . . . . ~~ «| 18700 * “ Phil. Mag.’’ 5 series, vol. xxix. t “Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.’ 1885 and 1889. 294 TaBLEeS 314-316. Taste 314.-MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF IRON IN VERY WEAK FIELDS. y a tizine forces has been studied by C. Baur* and by Lord Rayleigh.t The following Site eA son aie Bar and is taken by him o indicate that the susceptibility is finite for zero values of H and for a finite range increases in simple proportion to #7. He gives the formula 4=15 + 100 H, or = 15 H +100 H”. The experiments were made on an annealed ring of round bar 1.013 cms. radius, the ring haven a radius of 9.432 cms. Lord Rayleigh’s results for an iron wire not annealed give k=6.4-++5.1 7, or /=6.4 -+5.1 H%. The forces were reduced as low as 0.00004 ¢. g. S., the relation of & to H remaining constant. First experiment. Second experiment. TaBLes 315, 316.—DISSIPATION OF ENERGY IN CYCLIC MAGNETIZATION OF MAGNETIC SUBSTANCES. When a piece of iron or other magnetic metal is made to pass through a closed cycle of magnetization dissipation of energy results. Let us suppose the iron to pass from zero magneti- zation to strong magnetization in one direction and then gradually back through zero to strong magnetization in the other direction and thence back to zero, and this operation to be repeated several times. The iron will be found to assume the same magnetization when the same magne- tizing force is reached from the same direction of change, but not when it is reached from the other direction. This has been long known, and is particularly well illustrated in the permanency of hard steel magnets. That this fact involves a dissipation of energy which can be calculated from the open loop formed by the curves giving the relation of magnetization to magnetizing force was pointed out by Warburg f in 1881, reference being made to experiments of Thomson, § where such curves are illustrated for magnetism, and to E. Cohn, || where similar curves are given for thermo- electricity. The results of a number of experiments and calculations of the energy dissipated are given by Warburg. ‘The subject was investigated about the same time by Ewing, who pub- lished results somewhat later. ] Extensive investigations have since been made by a number of investigators. TABLE 315.— Soft Iron Wire. (From Ewing's 1885 paper.) Horse- | § TABLE 316. — Cable Transformers. Total Dissipation| power induction | of energy | wasted per This table gives the results obtained by Alexander Siemens with one of a eee eles ee Siemens’ cable transformers. The transformer core consisted of goo sec. soft iron wires 1 mm. diameter and 6 metres long.** The dissipation of energy in watts is for 100 complete cycles per second. 0.74 Total ob- served dis- | Calculated : ; sipation of | eddy current tion density energy in the | loss in watts in core. 2 B core in watts| per 112 lbs. per 112 lbs. Hysteresis loss of energy in ergs per cu. cm. per cycle. Mean maxi- mum induc- Hysteresis loss of energy in watts per 112 lbs. 43-2 39.2 602 96.2 80.2 1231 158.0 122.0 1874 231.2 167.2 2566 309.5 209.5 | 3217 390-1 246.1 3779 * “Wied. Ann.”? vol. xi. t+ “ Phil. Mag.” vol. xxiii. t be Wied. Ann.” vol. xiii. p. 141. § “ Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.*? vol. 175. ll ‘‘ Wied. Ann.” vol. 6, 7“ Proc. Roy. Soc.’ 1882, and ‘f Trans. Roy. Soc.” 1885. ** “ Proc. Inst. of Elect. Eng.’ Lond., 1892. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 317. 295 DISSIPATION OF ENERCY IN THE CYCLIC MACNETIZATION OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES. C. P. Steinmetz concludes from his experiments* that the dissipation of energy due to hysteresis in magnetic metals can be expressed by the formula e = a4, where ¢ is the energy dissipated and @ a constant. He also concludes that the dissipation is ‘the same for the same range of induction, no matter what the absolute value of the terminal inductions may be. His experiments show this to be nearly true when the induction does not exceed - 15000 c. g. s. units per sq. cm. It is possible that, if metallic induction only be taken, this may be true up to saturation ; but it is not likely to be found to hold for total inductions much above the satura- tion value of the metal. The law of variation of dissipation with induction range in the cycle, stated in the above formula, is also subject to verification. Values of Constant a. The following table gives the values of the constant @ as found by Steinmetz for a number of different specimens. The data are taken from his second paper. Tv be Number of | kind of material. Description of specimen, Value of specimen. a Norway iron . ’ . : : . .00227 Wrought bar . : een eee : 00326 Commercial ferrotype plate . : 00548 Annealed : . ; : .00458 Thin tin plate . ; : ; : 27 ae 00286 Medium thickness tin plate : : : 00425 Soft galvanized wire . : . A 00349 Annealed cast steel . : ; 5 ; c .00848 Soft annealed cast steel . : : , 7 00457 Very soft annealed cast steel . : ‘ ; : 00318 Same as 8 tempered in cold water . : : 02792 Tool steel glass hard tempered in water : : .07476 “« “ “tempered in oil : ; : : : .02670 ; annealed . .01899 : A Same as 12,13, and 14, after having been subjected .061 30 Oo ON Quik Wb “ “ to an alternating m. m. f. of from 4000 to 6000 .02700 7 : ampere turns for demagnetization : : 01445 Cast iron . Gray cast iron . . ; ‘ -O1 300 s “ Se eae containing 4 % aluminium, : 01365 “c “ce th .O1459 ks square rod 6 sq. cms. section and 6.5 cms. ‘long, from the Tilly Foster mines, Brewsters, Putnam County, New York, stated to be a very pure sample Soft wire . Magnetite . Annealed wire, calculated by Steinmetz ee) Nickel “ 02348 -O122 .01 56 0385, -O120 Ewing’s experiments “ Cobalt Hardened, also from Ewing’s experiments Rod containing about 2 % of iron, also calculated } from Ewing’s experiments by Steinmetz Consisted of thin needle-like chips obtained by milling grooves about 8 mm. wide across a pile of thin sheets clamped together. About 30 % by vol- ume of the specimen was iron. Ist experiment, continuous cyclic variation of m.m. t f. 180 cycles per second . : ‘ : ° 2d experiment, 114 cycles per second (3d s 79-91 cycles per second . Tron filings * “ Trans. Am. Inst. Elect. Eng.’? January and September, 1892. t+ See T. Gray, ‘‘ Proc. Roy. Soc.’ vol. lvi. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 296 TaBLe 318. . ENERGY LOSSES IN TRANSFORMER STEELS. Determined by the wattmeter method. ies Loss per cycle per cc = 45*+dnB", where 5 = flux density in gausses and ~ = frequency in cycles per second. « shows the variation of hysteresis with B between 5000 and 10000 gausses, and y the same for eddy currents. Ergs per Gramme per Cycle. Watts per Pound at 60 Cy- cles and 10000 Gausses. Thick- | roo00 Gausses. | 5000 Gausses. Designation. ness. cm. ge Hyste- Hyste- resis, | Potal. resis. Hyste- Ul resis. ° ~o Eddy Current Loss for Ga Unannealed A 0.0399 186 | 562 1.51 0.00490 B .0326 134 | 384 1.59 | 1.89 | .00358 C .0422 242 | 356 I.51 | 1.79 | .00319 D 0381 184 | 353 1.52 | 1.94 | .00312 Annealed q .0476 236 1.58 .00227 F .0280 100 1608 sr .00206 G 0394 1.54 | I. 00174 H* .0307 146 ; 1.58 .001 27 0318 202 : 1.62 .OO105 * 0282 1.61 .0O122 0346 184 TOl els 00118 | 0.535 .0338 200 1.61 ,OO1IO | 0.61 0335 178 1.55 .OOII5 | 0.55 .0340 210 1.62 .00099 | 0.63 .0437 184 1.64 00103 | 0.34 Silicon steels 0361 54 1.63 0315 42 1.64 £0452 72 1.63 .0338 60 1.68 .0346 42 1.66 0310 47 3 | 1.68 0305 43 Bs 12.4] 1.67 0430 2 | 16.6] 1.65 .00094 | 0.14 .00089 | 0.15 .00086 | 0.12 .00077 | 0.18 .00084 | 0.12 .00078 | 0.17 .0006! | 0.16 .00062 | 0.12 * German. . 5 + English. t In order to make a fair comparison, the eddy current loss has been computed for a thickness of 0.0357 cm. (Gage No. 29), assuming the loss proportional to the thickness. Lloyd and Fisher, Bull. Bur. Standards, 5, p. 453} 1909 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. TABLE 319. 297 MACNETO-OPTIC ROTATION. Faraday discovered that, when a piece of heavy glass is placed in magnetic field and a beam of plane polarized light passed through it in a direction parallel to the lines of magnetic force, the plane of polarization of the beam is rotated. This was subsequently found to be the case with a large number of substances, but the amount of the rotation was found to depend on the kind of matter and its physical condition, and on the strength of the magnetic field and the wave-length of the polarized light. Verdet’s experiments agree fairly well with the formula — <) v2 dar} r2? where c is a constant depending on the substance used, 7 the length of the path through the substance, 7 the intensity of the component of the magnetic field in the direction of the path of the beam, ~ the index of refraction, and A the wave-length of the light in air. If be dif- ferent, at different parts of the path, /H7is to be taken as the integral of the variation of mag- netic potential between the two ends of the medium. Calling this difference of potential v, we may write @= Av, where A is constant for the same substance, kept under the same physical conditions, when the one kind of light is used. The constant 4 has been called “ Verdet’s con- stant,” * and a number of values of it are given in Tables 303-310. For variation with tempera- ture the following formula is given by Bichat : — R = Ro (1 — 0.00104 ¢ — 0.000014 ¢?), which has been used to reduce some of the results given in the table to the temperature corre- sponding to a given measured density. For change of wave-length the following approximate formula, given by Verdet and Becquerel, may be used :— A? 0, 4 2u,2—1A, 6, Ea I )aA? ’ where uw is index of refraction and A wave-length of light. A large number of measurements of what has been called molecular rotation have been made, particularly for organic substances. These numbers are not given in the table, but numbers proportional to molecular rotation may be derived from Verdet’s constant by multiplying in the ratio of the molecular weight to the density. The densities and chemical formule are given in the table. In the case of solutions, it has been usual to assume that the total rotation is simply the algebraic sum of the rotations which would be given by the solvent and dissolved substance, or substances, separately; and hence that determinations of the rotary power of the solvent medium and of the solution enable the rotary power of the dissolved substance to be calculated. Experiments by Quincke and others do not support this view, as very different results are obtained from different degrees of saturation and from different solvent media. No results thus calculated have been given in the table, but the qualitative result, as to the sign of the rotation produced by a salt, may be inferred from the table. For example, if a solution of a salt in water gives Verdet’s constant less than 0.0130 at 20° C., Verdet’s constant for the salt is negative. The table has been for the most part compiled from the experiments of Verdet,t H. Becque- rel,t Quincke, § Koepsel,|| Arons,fJ Kundt,** Jahn,tt Schonrock,{} Gordon, §§ Rayleigh and Sidgewick,|||| Perkin,{‘J Bichat.*** As a basis for calculation, Verdet’s constant for carbon disulphide and the sodium line D has been taken as 0.0420 and for water as 0.0130 at 20° C. @=cdi (r—a I a The eae of ee quant has been verified through a wide range of variation of magnetic field by H. E . G. Du Bois (Wied. Ann. vol. 35). + “Ann. de Chim. et de Phys.” [3] vol. 52. ¢ “Ann. de Chim. et de Phys.’’ [5] vol. 12; ‘*C. R.” vols. go and 100, § “Wied. Ann.” vol. 24. l| ‘‘ Wied. Ann.” vol. 26. e 9 ‘* Wied. Ann.”’ vol. 24. ** “ Wied. Ann.” vols. 23 and 27. tt ‘‘ Wied. Ann.” vol. 43. tt “‘ Zeits. fiir Phys. Chem.” vol. 11. § “‘ Proc. Roy. Soc.”’ 1883. II] ‘‘ Phil. Trans. R. S.*? 1885. 1 “‘ Jour. Chem. Soc.’’ vols. 8 and 12. #* “ Tour. de Phys.” vols. 8 and 9. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 298 TaBLe 320. MACNETO-OPTIC ROTATION. Solids. Density Kind Verdet’s or Chemical of constant formula. grammes | j: ont in per c. c. gnt. | minutes. Substance. Amber . - . . : 0.0095 Blende . . 0.2234 Diamond . 0.0127 Fluor spar : 0.0087 Glass : Crown . Faraday A 0.0325 0.0416 0.0576 0.0647 Plate . ; ; 0.0406 Lead borate . . ° ° 0.0600 Quartz (perpendicular to axis) 0.0172 Rock salt . : . ; 0.0355 Selenium . : : . 0.4625 Sodium borate ; ° Spinel (colored by chrome) Sylvine Ziqueline (suboxide of copper) * GMITHSONIAN TABLES. Authority. Quincke. Becquerel. Quincke. Becquerel. Quincke. Becquerel. TABLE 321 = MACNETO-OPTIC ROTATION. Liquids. Density . Verdet’s Chemical in Kee constant formula. grammes | jd; oht in Bint. | minutes. Substance. Acetone . “ Acids: (see also solutions in water) Acetic . . » | CoH4Oe Butyric . . . . C4yHgO0g Formic. . . CH202 Hydrochloric ° ; : HCl Hydrobromic : : . | HBr Hydroiodic . : ee EAT Nitric . : ; i . | HNOg “« (fuming) ‘ a Propionic . ; - | CsH¢gOg Sulphuric. z : - | HeSO4 Sulphurous . : - | H2SOz Valeric. Alcohols: Amyl Butyl Ethyl . Octyl Propyl . Benzene . “ “ Bromides: Ethyl Ethylene Methyl . Methylene Octyl Propyl . SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Bromoform . Carbon disulphide C5H1002 CsHi10H CsH9OH C2Hs0H “ee “ CHs;0H CsH1;0H C3H;OH “cc “ CeHe “é “cc CHBrg CoHsbr CoH4Bre CH3Br CHoeBre CsgH7Br CsH7Br CSe2 299 Authority. Jahn. Perkin. Schonrock. Perkin. “ Becquerel. Perkin. Becquerel. Perkin. Becquerel. “é Perkin. Becquerel. Jahn. “ Becquerel. Quincke. Jahn. Perkin. Schoénrock. Quincke. Jahn. Becquerel. Perkin. Schonrock. Perkin. Schonrock. Perkin. Becquerel. Jahn. Jahn. Becquerel. Schonrock. Perkin. “ “cc Jahn. Perkin. Quincke. Becquerel, 1885. Gordon. Rayleigh. Koepsel. Arons. 300 TABLE 321 (continued). MACNETO-OPTIC ROTATION. Substance. Chlorides : Amyl . . . Arsenic . Carbon : é “ bichloride Chloroform Ethyl e e Ethylene. . Methyl : Methylene . Octyl . Phosphorus protochloride Propyl . . Silicon ‘ Sulphur bichloride Tin bichloride Zinc bichloride Todides: Ethyl . Methyl Octyl . Propyl. Nitrates: Ethyl . vitylene (nitroglycol) Methyl : Propyl Trinitrin (nitroglycerine) Nitro ethane Nitro methane . ; Nitro propane Paraffins : Decane : Heptane Hexane Octane Pentane a“ Phosphorus ( melted) Sulphur oe . Toluene “ Water “ “ Xylene . “ SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Liquids. Verdet’s Chemical constant formula. . in * | minutes. CHCl As C CCl, CHCls C2H;5Cl CoH4Cle CH;Cl CHeCle CgH4,Cl PClg C3H,Cl SiCl, SeCle SnCk ZnCle CoHsI CHsI CgHyy71 C3H,7I1 CoHs50.NO¢ CoH4(NOsg)2 CH30.NO2 C3H,O0.NOz C3H5(NOs)3 CoHsNOg CH3NO¢2 CsHsNOe Cyo0H22 C7Hi¢6 CeHius CgHig CsHia P S C,;Hs Temp. Cc. Authority. Jahn. Becquerel. ce Jahn. Perkin. “ Jahn. 3ecquerel. Perkin. “ Becquerel. Perkin. Becquerel. Schénrock. Perkin. Schonrock. Perkin. Schonrock. Perkin. Becquerel., Schonrock. Becquerel. “ce Quincke. Jahn. Becquerel. Schonrock. TABLE 322, MACNETO-OPTIC ROTATION. Solutions of Acids and Salts in Water. Substance, Acetone . Acids: Hydrobromic Nitric ; eeRade ae 3H20 Ammonia ‘ Bromides: Ammonium. “ Barium “ Cadmium “cc Calcium 77 Potassium “ Sodium “ Strontium “cs Carbonate of potassium . ss “ sodium “ “ “ Chlorides: Ammonium (sal mene) Barium : : Cadmium “ Calcium “és “ Copper 6s “ SMITHSONIAN TABLES. Density, grammes pericic, Chemical formula. Cs3H,gO 0.9715 1.7859 1.6104 1.3775 1.2039 1163 2072 1856 1573 1279 .0762 0323 0153 -9473 9057 8229 7007 4495 -2966 1760 5190 -3560 Prt mm me tet 0.8918 2805 1576 5399 2555 .3291 1608 2491 1337 1424 .0876 1351 0524 2901 1416 1906 1006 0564 Wr mmm mm tt 0718 -2897 1338 “3179 -2755 1732 153! 1504 0832 1049 5158 2789 -1330 a i | ae tee, ne ste 1@ . Kind 0 light. Verdet’s constant in minutes. 0.0129 0.0343 0.0304 0.0244 0.0194 0.0168 0.0225 0.0219 0.0204 0.0193 0.0163 0.0150 0.0140 0.0513 0.0499 0.0408 0.0421 0.0323 0.0258 0.0205 0.0010 0.0105 0.0121 0.01 53 0.0226 0.0186 0.021 5 0.0176 0.0192 0.0162 0.0189 0.0164 0.0163 0.0151 0.0165 0.0152 0.0186 0.0159 0.0140 0.01 40 0.0137 0.0178 0.0168 0.0149 0.0185 0.0179 0.0160 0.0157 0.0165 0.01 52 0.0157 0.0221 0.0186 0.0156 Temp. Cc. 301 Authority. Jahn. Perkin. Becquerel. Perkin. Schonrock. Becquerel. 302 TABLE 322 (continued). MACNETO-OPTIC ROTATION. Solutions of Acids and Salts in Water. : Density, Verdet's Chemical Temp. : Substance. Formula ees bge ee ce Authority, Chlorides : Iron < FeClg 1.4331 0.0025 15° | Becquerel. Re : e 1.2141 0.0099 ss ‘ ee : - 1.1093 0.0118 me : ae 2 : . 1.0545 0.0124 ec ss «c (ferric}s Fe2Cle 1.6933 —0.2026 ee ames . . o 1.5315 —0o.1140 . es a . : i. 1.3230 —0.0348 ss § e : : M 1.16081 —0.001 5 es s ss 3 ‘ 1.0864 0.0081 ss ss ‘ : f 1.0445 0.0113 sf s sae é : 1.0232 0.0122 : s Lithium o) iCl 1.0619 0.0145 20 | Jahn. ce : : Es 1.0316 0.0143 ef 5 Manganese . MnCle 1.1966 0.0167 15 | Becquerel. 5 ‘ 1.0876 0.0150 ss < Mercury HgCle 1.0381 0.0137 16 | Schénrock. “ 5 “c 1.0349 0.01 37 “ “ce Nickel . ; NiCle 1.4685 0.0270 15 | Becquerel. ee N. fs 1.2432 0.0196 se ‘e “ ss 1.1233 0.0162 “c n Oa 4, ah ee ie nee cess Wiridensity < . . Sen cermcne (ee) LOO single-fluid! ©.> 3) 6, ssi sites ee ee Air thermometer, comparisons Meee ties) tel 1 2O4. standard’’% a). cu. ope, SST 25S Air: transmissibility of, for radiation . . . . 179 StOrageyy. css) ok ee are eee Ss Alcoholsdensity) 5 3.) 28S 2S 98-100 Chemical, electro-, equivalents . a aes a2 70 vapor pressure. . . » »« » 2 « - 146 equivalent of silver si enn en a2 VISCOSIEVA stanata ciicet eet ts) ten te es. lion L's) E20 Chemical elements: atomic weights . . . . . 270 Alloys: densities . . : Beek chet 180, boiling-points . . . . . 210 electrical conductivity of. « « « 266-268 compressibility . Stee 270) resistance of Suvcry ot er (202—208 conductivity, thermal. . . 199 low temp. . . . 264 densities .. +, 059.95 melting-points: @ 330 6) ee © 00204 electro-chemical equivalents 270 specific heats Mcpere oh ct teh foul el er 230 hardness: =. s..% sch, ae eT O thermal conductivity . ... . . . 199 melting-points . . . . 209 thermoelectric powers. . . . . 258-259 resistance, electrical . 262- —263 Alternating currents, resistance of wires for . . 269 specific heats. yi, be eee: Aluminum wire, weightsof .... ..« +. 64 thermal conductivities « » I99 Alums: indices of refraction .. . ectes TOL expansion, linear . 222 Antilogarithms. . . . . « . 26-28 | Circular functions: argument (°’). . ss SO Aqueous solutions : boiling-points Oe eg ct SLO (radians) . ni ees densiticstirce oan ane a O2 Coals; heat/of combustion:of .. < . <2 5. jap202 alcohols .. OS Cobalt, magnetic propertiesof ... . . . 203 alcohol, temperature var’n 100 Color screens . . s ueh se) leu. oh peeten LOS—LOO diffusion of . . Sets t3O Combination, heat Of fee a Oe ee 204 electrolytic conductivities 272-278 Combustion, heat of: coals . .... «+. «202 Aqueous vapor: vapor pressure, low temp . - I5r explosives. . . « « »« 203 0° to 100° Cc + 152 fuels (liquid). . . . « 202 100° to 230°C . 153 peats.. Se, al. Rete EoaOe pressure of, in atmosphere . . 155 Compressibility: chemicalelements ... . 76 (saturated) weight of . . . . 154 PASES io) ch c We o aee aee TORO Astronomicalidatay 9 5%... 9 « » « « 108-100 Miquids’ °s > -., their logs. . = 45 secular change ; a a aa) Tig lee Dynamical equivalent of thermal unit. ; eae Coe Ore aie ae 46 e,valueof . . . ibys piven «oricodeat acer MS a e, oa and their loearieHnra talc cuiteh fey) lke SAS HAT, é € enc ORES log. e", x from 10 spre sh thsi PRet Yelieiell set te 41 5 ° er 44 Stee their logs... 41, 42 eo ,é-* , and their logarithms, . . . . » « 45 - A e _T cue “ “ é*, € 7”, and theirlogarithms . ..... 46 maaan + 7 393"40 = ; diffusion integral . . . 50 ewe @ * *end!thelr losarithma 46 hyperbolic sines_ . . . 39 : ? Ve ees cosines . . 4I e=+e-2 logs. hyperbolic sines . 40 ae and their logarithms . . . . © » 41,42 cosines . 42 re probability integral . 47, 48 Cae Ay was se Eye, sensitiveness of, to radiation . . . . . 178 ae et vor ble. \solien ute) tre <39;,40 Banh: densities . . Al Os OL OMIG’ Gowns Fabry-Buisson, standard arc Fe wave-lengths . 170 miscellaneous data. ab ote etren ct Mel cae LOS: Factorialaiivl' <>“ 9.) 2 Se ees Elasticity: crystals . . uiieh aM tohrvey dard Teldio Fechner’s law . . SLES moduli of rigidity By pie eon Meno RRo Une ws Field: earth’s magnetic field, components of II0-II5 modulus, Young’s. . . . . magnetic, behavior of metals in . . 286-296 Electrical conductivity: alloys . ; 366-268 resistance of metalsin . . . . . 306 alternating current, effect of 269 rotation of plane of polarization 297-304 magnetic field, effect of . . 306 thermo-, galvanometric effects . . 307 Electrical resistance: see Conductivity. Films, thin: thickness, colors, tension of . 142, 143> metals and alloys, low temp. 264 Fluorite: index of Tefraction ete © sie ponlod ohm, various determinations 261 Formule, conversion: dynamic units I ae he} specific: metallic wires . . 262 electric) 9] eto dietne mins mietalsit fics. - 263 fundamental. | Ot Gel temperature effect, glass - 285 REOMEETIC Ts ct ie econ INDEX. Formula, conversion: heat . . « « 2 «© « e 3 magnetic Cet elite” ca: 6 3 see INTRODUCTION. Fraunhofer lines, wave-lengths of . . . . . 176 Freezing mixtures 5 sn eae 220 Freezing-points, lowering of, by salts in’ solution 217 rictions coemicients:Oh . 9.) « «© « « » « « I24 Fuels, heats of combustion of e Mites cfem ee) 202 Functions: circular arguments (° pees a 30 (radians) spel ten 35 exponential sais. tease us 6, « 39-47 RAN Ae hetiis Uieluie) «6. 6: 525.30 Hy DerDOUC Nati wemeen ot oune aeeZo Lowering of freezing-points by salts. . . . . 217 Maclaurin’s theorem. . yemicurs eet aL? Magnetic field: bismuth, resistancein.: | . 306 Ettingshausen effect: —5% ve, 2307; galvanomagnetic effects . . . 307 Hallveffecttg mse.) ta teu retusa 307, TReductefiectie 5 tan. se ie ee O7, Nernst effect)... 2 sents) is) rete SOT: nickel, resistancein . . . . 306 optical rotation. . . . 297-304 resistance of metalsin . . . 306 thermo-magnetic effects . . . 307 Magnetic properties: of cobalt at 100° C. . . 293 iron: hysteresis 2904-296 permeability 286-288. 292-293 saturated . . . 203 weak fields . . 204 magnetite . . =) 203 nickel at 100° Ce oto 203 Magnetic susceptibility, liquids, gases . . . . 305 Magnetic units, conversion formule .... 3 Magnetism, terrestrial: agonic line . . . . . IIS declination’... « . « £10 dips... Sietcene esl 2 horizontal intensity eels inclination : eee, intensity, horizontal @ ne aes ees Sete ely Magneto-optic rotation. . . Ske ts! 2073 04. Masses of the earth and planets . . . . . . 109 alloys . Sete Net us. iret 189 elements, liquid and solid” AR ‘Ge Gave cls solids @ s: -OU Ree eee ws 18S WOOdSHRs) i cueeeNe cmt cm neuf ebatemire! 6, Oi7 Materials, strength of: bricks. . ..... 7I CONCKELE Mu ie. fe. fe es VE MetalSw etter tcl ne ce) Mer 7k Stones#er yee es ke te, ee oa. CLIN DET 6? va! ats, ok Moers 72-73 WOOUShsh vote ef eo ie 2e7S Mechanical equivalent of heat . . . . . « 227 Melting-points: chemical elements . « + e « 209 inorganic compounds . . . . 211 mixtures (alloys) . . See uara! (low melting-points) . 214 organic compounds .. . . 215 Mercury: density of Sas icdlser ae reiere OT, electric resistance GE as Ok 262-263 pressure of columnsof ... . . 116 specific; heats, tejateaer he se 6 9220 vapor pressure . ieee is, toe k4S Metals: diffusion of, into metala. . .% .. 138 indices of refraction ene a Vote) ton LOs potential differences with solids perez 50 solutions . . 257 reflectionof lightiby). vs <7 <, «. « ‘| 192 refractive indices#..%.) iss ‘ie i» @.euS2 resistance, electrical . . . . . 262-263 Specific’ 4.9 Ye. ue is ie. et. te 203 sheet; weightiofs 2, coseaus <6 eo cen 6 Be7ZO Metallic oxides, refractive indices . . . © « 182 Methyl alcohol, density of aqueous . aed us 08 Metric weights and measures: British equiv + 7-10 U.S. equivalents 5-6 Minerals, apecificsheatsof #7.) 2 \s, Bies ten nase Mixtures, freezing . weds ads eee 20 Moduli of elasticity: rigidity S ercaereeee en ec A “VOUNG'Siauka ne aed emecuhe =) 27/5 Molecular conductivities: equivalent . . 275-278 specific . . . 271-274 iMoments:of inertia’ .j.¢ 10) ete feet O58 Musical scales . . ay herve Ce OS Mutual inductance, table for computing sere 30) 150 INDEX. Nernst thermo-magnetic difference of potential . 307 Neutral points, thermo-electric . . . . 258-259 Newton's rings and scale of colors . . . . . 198 Nickel: Kerr's constants for saps OS magnetic properties of, at 100° C, «29293 resistance in magnetic field cules ele e300) Nitroso-dimethyl-aniline, refractive index . . 184 Ohm, various determinations of . . . . . . 261 legalivalue (291. Si felis ueliaemneie ear Oils, viscosity of . . . OPO oO GeO. cet) Organic compounds, boiling-p oints ame echnical densities AP ACiateaeanon a LS melting-points . . . . 2II Parallax:solar-tlinar <3 )/s)usl lento OO Peltier effect sve! 6) oe) fet op a5 Os200) Pendulum, length of seconds a0 el aio kon oeere LO Perfect‘gas; ‘expansion/of "= .1) 6.) senuieue Eos Volume‘oh. +o 2.) cp eeuec, Moun ETO? Permeabilities, magnetic . . . 286-288, 292-293 Photometric:standards .. 7) 2-0. (nj) eon eka Pitavalieiote. soe. at TLRs ken dolmmnete met meee Planck’ s radiation formula . shales Reatier aed ae aso Plane,’ data for the soaringiof'a =) o yee kad Planets, miscellaneous data . . . .. + « 109 Poisson’s ratio. . oi Mie) edaae/ et olsans ie rec TO) Polarized light: by reflection . . DoELOr rotation by magnetic field 297-304 solutions . . . . 197 Potential difference: cells: double fluid. . . . 253 secondary. .« © i 25253 single fluid . . . . 252 standard; “7s. saSi.253 storage: (20. oem cea sa contact: liquid-liquid . . 254 liquid-salt . . . 254 metal-liquid . . 257 solid-solid . . 256 sparking:air >. 248-249 kerosene 5) 2725250) Various) 9. 2 65250 thermoelectric. . . 258-259 Precession .. . a ea st ei fone LOO Pressure: barometric measures . . . . II7-121 barometric and boiling water. . 168-169 heights oe aeoneL OT) mercury columns, due TOM tor Ten ele 116 wale columns, Oo sor wo HS s) Wel | elt. Oeetoe Memes 2 Pressure, vapar alcohol, ethyl and methyl . . 146 aqueous: low temperature. . I5I Oc tos1L002 CH cutee ks 2 TOO: tor230° © 7.) 5 153) in atmosphere . . I55 bulaquibag ine Gg mmo of Geg outs salt solutions . . . . . . 149 Various =, i jo ne mies Cm Z4A4 14S Probability ‘tables o/c 250 SO eee 47-48 Purkinje’s phenomenon. . . ... .« e « 178 Quartz: fibres) :strengthion ais. io) wen otters eu refractive indexioff--) <))75 aes emucnmer LoS Radiation: ‘black-body,.< 3 4. « «1 «) 0230 constantsof .. teen ez 3S cooling by, and convection . + 239-240 eye, sensitiveness of, to. . . « . 178 Planckisformulayc wc.) cree ce onuee2 se) sensitiveness of the CVEltON. ot cel Lia) “solar constant: -Ofe.) 2) lel cn eae 7O Stefan's formula . e250 transmissibility of atmosphere to: .. 179 Radii of gyration . . Sue ae en enon ete Oo Refraction, indices of: altima) 21, trac Gee EERE Cry stalsy <0 cual onenGT fluorite ee ey Need gases and vapors . . . 190 Glass an eee Iceland’spars) «ls anxsd liquids’ 7) yan. . «189 metals, metallic oxides . 182 monorefringent solids . 186 nitroso-dimethyl-aniline . 184 QUlartZ sects Bees | OeeRTOS: Yock-saltccu ctl miss ome OS salt solutions . . . . 188 silvine Se eels. solids, isotropic fo eer oO: Reflection of light: by metals . ~ 3, * 192 terms of “ny” and “i . 101 Relativethumidity” % 2)". 3) omen vl xeon a5 Resistance: see also Conductivity. alloys, low temperature wie alternating current, effect of . electrolytic, see Conductivity. glass and porcelain ... . legal unit of. . A magnetic field, of bismuth i in ‘ metalsin . nickelin. . metals at low temperatures ohm, various determinations of specifics) metals). 2 o "8 ey (6; (or ee) 8 @ 301-303 297-304 ontop Lig X ay e227 s \e, 219 ae e203 a eeLOS 195-196 £07) + 253 59-06 72-73 70) 5I, 270 - 183 30-38 39-40 - 179 eka - 179 - 179 3 17k 76, 83 85-890 e2oS 261-269 ecm TO 183-187 ee 208 « +» 199 222-224 es 2rO: ane ako sear 200) 272-278 + 92-93 ee TSO ee ee L7, a el aL7 aur LSS. 301-303 254-257 230-231 ae LAS 129-133 ee TOL A okey} 248-250 o © €) © © ©) © «© e- 6 © Qe -0 © a @ a 2ga . 228 » 232 + 308 » 230 + 229 = 230 » 230 4 232 + 229 . 258 279-280 280-282 te 253 273-274 =) 6) me) 6, (6, e) ee) (©) 6 solutions .. . Spectra: elements, brighter lines. iron, Fabry-Buisson . . Kayser . ; solar, Fraunhofer lines | aes Rowland’s measures Squares, least, tables Se aee roars Standard cells. . wave-lengths: Fabry-Buisson Kayser . . Rowland . Standards, photometric. . .. . Steam tables: metric units oilers “ common . oh te (obiet «7 6. 6: p06 sae emenie fel ie) s Steel: magnetic properties: hysteresis 201, permeabilities Stefan-Boltzmann radiation formula . . Stone:strengthiof ss), oc hceuen ons thermal conductivity .... . Storage batteries . . aoe Sulton oats Strength of materials: bricks ; aa tera CONCTCIG HS 3 is as metalsivs ant ee hee Stones ecg tone timber, woods .. Sun: constant of radiation . hire? ie disk; distribution of intensity . . light; ratio to sky-light. . .. . parallax: 5 pay su (< veneten) samorinoteee radiation: <. Wes=sa leet ucns ep eane spectrum eer ei hetuelh ‘ ’ i fa \ i i ft wi + : ; wo t ods @ * ‘lop loraaat ak Liat wey | Ree i: ¥ INTRODUCTION Some years ago when one of the authors of this work was engaged in looking up authorities upon tin deposits, no list of the papers on even such noted occurrences as those of Great Britain, Germany, or the Malay Peninsula was to be found, while it required much effort and continued search to find what had been written upon Bolivia and the lesser known localities. No monographic work covered the field, for many discoveries and great developments had taken place since the appearance of the only compre- hensive book, E. Reyer’s “ Zinn,” in 1880, and his bibliographic references were often indefinite and far from complete. There seemed to be real need for an extensive bibliography, and during five years one or both authors have been engaged a considerable part of the time in the col- lection and digestion of material for such a publication. Since the work was begun Sydney Fawns’ “Tin Deposits of the World” has appeared, but the list of authorities given is not extensive. Owing to the cireumstances under which the work was done the notes upon the papers listed do not consistently follow one plan. Little attempt has been made to digest works in foreign languages. Of those in English, some are digested, some have the contents noted, and, in a few cases, where it conveys a good idea of the matter treated, only the title is given. In digesting articles upon the geology of tin deposits it has been aimed to give, where possible, (a) the country rocks, (b) age, (c) origin of the deposits, (d) accompanying minerals, (e) economic importance, and (f) other details of value. When desiring to consult the literature of tin deposits it is believed that as a rule persons will wish to know about the tin-bearing veins, dikes, or placers of a particular country or district, and in the arrange- ment of this bibliography the works are, where possible, placed under the names of the countries in which are located the tin deposits of which they treat. The names of the countries follow each other in alphabetic order, and under each heading names of authors are in similar order. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL. 58, No. 2 2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VoL. 58 Anonymous articles are listed under “ Anon.” which takes its place in the alphabetic sequence. Where more than one article occurs under “ Anon.” they are arranged chronologically. Where deposits in a number of countries are treated in one article, the title is placed under the heading “ General.” Works treating preponderantly of the extraction, handling, and _re- duction of tin ores are placed under “ Mining and Milling” and “ Metallurgy.” ‘The lists given under these subjects are not published with the idea that they are complete and no effort has been made to make them so, but as important articles were met, it seemed best to note them, in the hope that even an incomplete list might be of use to many persons who desire only a certain amount of general knowledge upon the subject. The lists may serve, also, as a nucleus for some who wish to pursue the subject further. Headings other than “ General” and names of countries form a second alphabetic list which follows the list of countries. In the geological portion of the bibliography it is believed that no im- portant paper upon tin appearing up to the middle of 1908 has been omitted. Following this prefatory note will be found the abbreviations used for journals referred to in the work. The bibliography is classified as follows: J, By Countries; II, General; III, History; IV, Metallurgy and Chemistry; V, Mineralogy; VI, Mining and Milling; VII, Statis- tics. Itis thought that the exhaustive index prepared by Mr. Lancéster D. Burling will supplement the arrangement of articles under countries and make the finding of particular papers comparatively easy. FRANK L. HEss. Eva HEss. LIST CF JOURNALS AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS TO WHICH REFERENCE IS MADE, WITH ABBREVIATIONS USED Abh. math. phys. Classe kon. bay. Abhandlungen der mathematisch- Akad. Wiss. Actes Soc. sci. Chili..... Amer. Chem. Journ..... Amer eiGeolsniae oho Ks Nee Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng... Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts.. Amer. Journ. Mg. Mill. Min. Met. Amer, Mfr. Iron World.. ITM ET gs PME OEVC Vass 6.0 Se, she ANNavBrite .Geol-ir: .. s2.5. Ann Chem, Pharm... physikalischen Classe der k6éniglich bayerische Akademie der Wissen- schaften, Miinchen. ; SEO RG chars de Actes de la Société scientifique du Chili, Santiago. Harti icttela cue ‘American Chemical Journal, Balti- more. WER ERS Oat eroroee American Geologist, Minneapolis. In- corporated in 1906 with Economic Geology, Lancaster, Pa. Fle ars erat 5° American Institute of Mining Engi- neers, New York. Transactions of the American Insti- tute of Mining Engineers, New York. Bulletin of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, New York. Bi-monthly Bulletin of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, New York. Reatets ido a susiere & American Journal of Science and Arts, New Haven. American. Journal of Science after Vol. 19, 1880. Oilb. Geol. American Journal of Mining, Milling, Oilboring, Geology, Mineralogy, Met- allurgy, New York. In 1866 title changed to Engineering and Mining Journal, New York. KP ear ST ios oni tort American Manufacturer and _ Iron World, Pittsburg. Wer Tsoi Ses ar ole American Mining Review (now Min- ing Review), Los Angeles. EE sana suse Proceedings of the American Philo- sophical Society, Philadelphia. Baie. |e aseonneas: of, British Geology.- By Js. Blake, London. ayijeus CO dcaensuoes Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, Heidelberg. 3 4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Ann (Chim? UPD Strjencten ee ccetocveteteteze tone IA TGS OVE was chap naweree eras Stee orc remanrees Ann Indust mate setier vcicerslemne ores Ann. “MINES. Kitt Nat. Bike Mictsbkcce Okveie shots Ann: New York -AcadsaScikeruseteiacte. Ann. Philos. Mag. Chem. Min. Mech. Nat. Hist) Agr-Arts. PWVOS EA... a, ce Reeth oe Chemie Foes Hea Ann. Ann. Physik. Ann. Progr. Rep. Geol. Surv. West- ern Australia. Ann. Rep. Board Reg. Smithsonian Institution. Ann. Rep. California State Min....... Ann. Rep. Dep. Mines, New South Wales. Ann. Rep. Dir, Ui SMGeol Survie s. Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Canada........ Geol: Surv. ‘Texas. 7.5 aS... Ann. Rep. Ann. Rep. Roy. Cornwall Polyt. Soc... Ann. Rep. Roy. Inst. Cornwall........ Ann. Rep. School Mines Zeehan....... Ann. Rep. Secr. Mines Water Supply.. Ann. Rep. Trans. Plymouth Inst. Devon and Cornwall Nat. Hist. Soc. Ann. Rep. Under-Secretary for Mines, Queensland. WO re! Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Paris. Annales du Génie Civil, Paris. Annales de lIndustrie nationale et étrangére, Paris. Annales des Mines, Paris. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, New York. Annals of Philosophy or Magazine of Chemistry, Mineralogy, Mechanics, Natural History, griculture and the Arts, London. Annals of Philosophy, London. Annalen der Physik und Chemie, by Julius C. Poggendorff, Leipzig. Annual Progress Report of the Geo- logical Survey of Western Australia, Perth. Annual Report of the Board of Re- gents of the Smithsonian Institu- tion, Washington, D. C. Annual Report of the California State Mineralogist, Sacramento. Annual Report Department of Mines, New South Wales, Sydney. Annual Report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. Annual Report of the Geological Sur- vey of Canada, Ottawa. Annual Report of the Geological Sur- vey of Texas, Austin. Annual Report of the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, Falmouth. Annual Report of the Royal Institu- tion of Cornwall, Truro. Annual Report of the School of Mines Zeehan, Zeehan, Tasmania. Annual Report of the Secretary for Mines and Water Supply, Melbourne. Annual Report and Transactions of the Plymouth Institution and Devon and Cornwall Natural History Society, Plymouth. Annual Report of the Under-Secretary for Mines, Queensland, Brisbane. Bet os 9 NO. «# BIBLIOGRAPILY Ann. Sci. Nat Ann. opejey miley ey 66s ae ale 6 6 ia,» 0 [fe] ov) ei ate e Soc. géol. Belg es 0) ef si ela » ¢ 0) seid). 6 © PATON SRE VOM a cians och wlsiinis dias. s: otetene cereus teers Areh.. Bergh. pitt. so hhh steeds « Arch. Miner. Geogn. Bergb. Hiitt ArchyeMiss; Seis (litttisat sf .ol estyatlent Atti R. Accad. Lincei. Mem.) NTIS ENG o) 5) ce) ois, o 88 Thea «. akabetstetpetanend we ox Austr. Ass. (Trans. or Austr. Meg. AUS tIAIMe wr Otandiiecm. 20 285. witgtlsck Berg. Hitt. Bi-mo. Bull. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng..... Bol. Com. Mapa Geol. Espana Bol. Inst. Geol. Mexico eee eee ee ee ee Bol. Min. Indust. Constr Bol Re Com eeol? sitaliasseaye? 28)! .. BOBS CCEA HOM se... crte crateere ie ice eros BOESOCS CSPrrlList NAG acc. seitia ete AES ee Gove ETD Sh yes cs cteitay ch ciicliencaioy c-coaNe witcher ena OF TIN—-HESS Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris. Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique, Liége. Annales des Voyages, ete., Paris. Title changes: Nouvelles Annales des Voyages et des Sciences Geographi- que, Paris. Archiv ftir Bergbau und Hiittenwesen. By C. J. B. Karsten, Breslau und Berlin. Title changes: Archiv ftir Mineralogie, Geognosie, Bergbau und Htittenkunde. Archiv fiir Mineralogie, Geognosie, Bergbau und Htittenkunde. By C. J. B. Karsten und H. v. Dechen, Berlin. See also Arch. Bergb. Hiitt. Archives des Missions scientifiques et littéraires, Paris. Atti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei (Transunti or Memorie), Roma. Das Ausland, Stuttgart und Mtlinchen. Australasian Association for the Ad- vancement of Science, Sydney. Australian Mining and Engineering Review, Melbourne and Sydney. Australian Mining Standard, Sydney and Melbourne. Berg- und hiittenmdnnische Zeitung, Leipzig. Bi-monthly Bulletin of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, New York. Boletin de la Comision del Geologico de Espana, Madrid. Boletin del Instituto Geol6gico de México, Mexico. Boletin de Minas Industria y Construc- ciones, Lima. Bollettino Reale Comitato geologico d'Italia, Roma. Boletin de la Secretaria de Fomento, Mexico. t Boletin de la Sociedad espafiola de Historia Natural, Madrid. Boletin de la Sociedad de Ingenieros, Lima, Peru. Mapa 6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 Bolt Soe. iINaess Mame ei. So etait Boletin de la Sociedad Nacional Mi- neria, Lima. British ‘Columbia Me-Rec.-cntgie. ss British Columbia Mining Record, Victoria. Brit. MEP In dusts tek cite, rersteveren lee « British Manufacturing Industries. Edited by G. Phillips Beven, London. Bull. Imp. Inst. Great Britain........ Bulletin of the Imperial Institute of z Great Britain, London. Bull. Tnst) Mes Mets. ciare atte cls orate avers Bulletin of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London. Bull. Geol. Sury. Alabama........... Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Alabama, Montgomery. Bull) Mines Imdust?ore : cp y.. .crse eins Bulletin des Mines et de l’Industrie de l’or, Tomsk. Bull. North Carolina Geol. Surv...... North Carolina Geological Survey, Bul- : letin, Raleigh. Bull. Soc. belge Géol. Pal. Hydr....... Bulletin de la Société belge de Géologie de Paléontologie & d’Hydrologie, Bruxelles. Bull’'Soek} frame Mine. kako ahee ie Bulletin de la Société francaise de Minéralogie, Paris. Bull: Soci’ Goer sacs Molo ene ele eters Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, Paris. Bull. Soc. géol. Belgique............. -Bulletin de la Société géologique de Belgique, Liége. BulltSoce 2éol sMrancetsti. . siete ste eters ».Bulletin de la Société géologique de France, Paris. _ Bull. Soe. Hist. nat. Toulouse......... Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire natu- relle de Toulouse, Toulouse. BullaSoe: Industs minis. seit Bulletin de la Société de l’Industrie minérale, Saint-Etienne. Bull. Soc: sci. méd: Ouest: .....j.0et Bulletin Société scientifique et médi- ecale de l’Ouest, Rennes. Bull. South Dakota Geol. Surv........ South Dakota Geological Survey Bul- letin, Vermillion. Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr....Bulletin of the United States Geologi- cal and Geographical Survey of the Territories, F. V. Hayden, te Geologist-in-charge, Washington, D.C. Bull. Western Australia Geol. Surv....Western Australia Geological Survey Bulletin, Perth. Calcutta: Journs Nata yelisti teria Calcutta Journal of Natural History, by McClelland, Calcutta. California. Jounin Techn prs. cto sys tetohe.- California Journal of Technology, Berkeley. Cant VME WRC is a iain cn evel oropneteteee ce rad oePoe The Canadian Mining Review, Mont- real. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 7 GhentriAbsanttish hau vccedd. hustoit Chemical Abstracts, Easton, Pa. @hem (Mme neneie. teh. . ik oases The Chemical Engineer, Chicago. @hem, Gage. ener . BA Chemical Gazette, London. Ghemay News. feuded... . abies le. Chemical News, London. WOMERG TA Series crorescteie sores: af cutveneener ae oles Colliery Guardian, London. CWiene ss InGdustensiee «c3.12 5 Rests ecdeiea is ee Ciencia é Industrias, Buenos Aires. CARE AACA ASClayosaht OF TIN-—HESS Journal of the Chemical, Metallurgical and Mineralogical Society of South Africa, Johannesburg. Journal of the Chemical Society of London. Formerly Quarterly Jour- nal of the Chemical Society. Journal of the College of Science of the Imperial University, Tokyo. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scien- tific Society, Raleigh. Journal of the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia. Journal of Geology, Chicago. Journal of the Geological Society of Dublin, Dublin. Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, Singapore. Journal des Mines, Paris. Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chem- istry and the Arts, London. Journal de Pharmacie (et des Sciences accessoires contenant le Bulletin des Travaux de la Société de Pharmacie de Paris), Paris. Journal ftir praktische Chemie. Linne Erdmann, Leipzig. Journal and Printed Papers of the Parliament of Tasmania, Hobart. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, Sydney. Journal of the Royal Geological So- ciety of Ireland. London, Dublin and Edinburgh. Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall, Truro. Journal of the Society of Arts, Lon- don. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Singapore. Koninklijk Natuurkundig Tijdschrift van Nederlandsch-Indié, Batavia. Koniglich Schwedische Akademie der Wissenschaften Abhandlungen aus der Naturlehre, Haushaltungskunst und Mechanik, Leipzig. La Nature, Paris. Otto 10 London, Edinburgh, Dublin Philos. Mag. Journ. Sci. London and Edinburgh Philos..Mag. Journ. Sci. “Lotos” Zeitschr. Nat. Meche bmg ii. Saati. Hao oe ieee Mech: Magi... ee Rado tateiratet oQiaeier. Med diteGronlsri nye hs panda, clthei. sonehol eter. Mem. descr. Carta Geol. Italia eee eer eene Mem. Com. Mapa Geol. Espafia rr Mem. Geol. Sury. Great Britain eee wees Mem. Geol. Surv. New South Wales.. Mem. Geol. Surv. Summ. Progr. Geol. Surv. United Kingdom and Mus. Pract. Geol. Mem. Soe. Sci. Nat. Arch. Creuse eee eee eee eee eee ee Oe Oe eee eee eee ee wwe eee ee ee ed se eee eons eo) Le 0 es) 9'6 inj bia oie bi abe 0 © olen lelbig ei eis 2 Meg. Mg. Meg. eee wee eee eee eee eee ee eee ee se eee wee we eee ewe ew ee eee eee eee 00 6s eels’ 0 b\'e e/ei era v1 ere! 60) ose) etore e SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS von. 58 London, Edinburgh and Dublin Phil- osophical Magazine and Journal of Science, London. London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, London. “ Lotos,” Zeitschrift fiir Naturwissen- schaften, Prag. The Mechanical Engineer, London. Mechanics’ Magazine, London. Memorie descrittive della Carta Geolo- gica d'Italia, Roma. Memoria de la Comision del Mapa Geo- logico de Espafia, Madrid. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, London. ..Memoirs of the Geological Survey New South Wales, Sydney. Memoirs of the Geological Survey. Summary of Progress of the Geo- logical Survey of the United King- dom and Museum of Practical Geology, London. Memoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles et Archéologiques de la Creuse, Guéret. La Métallurgie, Paris. Mexican Mining Journal, Mexico. Mining Almanack, London. Mining Association and Institute of Cornwall, Truro. Report and Pro- ceedings of Miners’ Association and Institute of Cornwall, Truro. Transactions of the Mining Associa- tion and Institute of Cornwall, Cam- borne. Mining Journal, Railway and Commer- cial Gazette, London. Mining Magazine, New York. Mining Magazine, London. British Columbia Mining Record, Vic- toria. Mining Reporter, Denver, Colo. Mining Review, Los Angeles. See also American Mining Review. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY NVI ROS CAE ea shalt ehos sy cies «) « acted suata a ithaYebe oc MEE Sei PEOSSis ctalece s¥aw akucete: «0s orebtor ete « Mg. Smelt. Mag. Mo. Rey. Pract. Mg. Quarry. Met. VIS ARAVV OTE cnt cre chive evs.s oc cus. choketeeneele! le ans’ '< VES ON] Cashin oe FLCC, 3 tejredettieiere f 3s) oes Mines and Min Min. Ind. C\PHO 0 0, /0 @ 6 60) eels epe 0,0) 66,6 © Min. Mag. Journ. Min. Soc eC iiviitirveme VNC Uaateevela) creile cheneietonsredsrecetelehelcichisie es Minteerocs “inst. (Olve ets sc sec sce 8 INI ECE Monroe cee ceeccns rane hes eae e. 2 Min. Res. U. S. Geol. Sur ee Min. Surv. Ceylon Adm) Rep. ss es. Mitth. Jahrb. kon. ung. geol. Anst.... Mitth. k. k. Techn. Gewerbe-Museums in Wien. Monatsb. deutsch. geol. Ges........... Monogr. ini Sii\Geols (Surv... 2ibaacdsu: Mo. Bull. Int. Bur. Amer. Repub..... Nat. Hist. Journ. School Rep. ....... ee Od) Clef e dia mse o0'e 0 0 eee OF TIN—HESS 11 Mining Science, Denver. Mining and _ Scientific Francisco. London Mining and Smelting Maga- zine, a Monthly Review of Practical Mining, Quarrying, and Metallurgy, etc., H. C. Salmon, editor. Mining World, Chicago. Mining World and Record, London. Mines and Minerals, Scranton, Pa. Mineral Industry, New York and London. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, London. Mineralogische Mittheilungen, von G. Tschermak, Wien. Minutes of Proceedings of the Insti- tution of Civil Engineers, London. Mining Reporter, Denver. 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Petermanns Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes’ Geographischer Anstalt, Gotha. PHIiTOS.. Malesia tis cn eyed eros haha dak The Philosophical Magazine, London. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc..London...... Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Lendon. Polyt: Centr... 02. Rene hi eee Polytechnische Centralhalle, Leipzig. Poly titFourmseecelceys eth tests eadoele Polytechnische Journal, Dingler, Stutt- gart. Pop. SCissMoO sacs. coches the che ee Popular Science Monthly, New York. ProessAmery MeyiCong: . stssese ee: Proceeding of the American Mining Congress, Denver. Proce. “Amer. (Philos. Socks). a.k.a! Proceedings of the American Philo- sophical Society, Philadelphia. Proc: Boston «Soc, Nat.cHistss. oo. ci: Proceedings of the Boston Society Natural History, Boston. Proc. Chem. Met. Soe. South Africa...The Proceedings of the Chemical and Metallurgical Society of South Africa, Johannesburg. Title changed with Vol. 3, May, 1902, to Proceed- ings of the Chemical, Metallurgical and Mining Society of South Africa. Proce. Chem. Met. Min. Soe. South The Proceedings of the Chemical Met- Africa. allurgical and Mining Society of South Africa, Johannesburg. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY Proce. Colorado Sci. Proc. Geol. Soc. London Civile cece ote se pane Proce GeolwrAss:Re.. SR else ProciilastiGivi thine). £.). jhe ON. PnOCseIMNSt.. MeGhs. Eine). /ccreteye tel atiere: Proc. Liverpool Geol. Soc.c:.oc...3.. Proce. Linn. Soc. New South Wales... Proce. Roy. Soc. London eee eee eee wee eee Prog. Min. Ind. Tasmania oho er @el'e ee ere%e « Prog. Rep. Geol. Sury. Victoria sie ot ew ame 6 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London OuantyaMiss WREVs.< 5siels ieee sse leo cise ne acre Queensland Gov. Mg. Journ Rec. Geol. Surv. India eee eee eee eee eee Rec. Rec. Geol. Surv. South Victoria Rec. Mines South Australia Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci Rep. California State Mg. Bur....... Rep. Dep. Min. Western Australia.’. 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Report of the Secretary for Mines, Tasmania, Hobart. ; Rep. South African Ass. Adv. Sci.....Report of the South African Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science, Cape Town. Revs “Mine. tis. ite 26. sascha: Revista Minera, Madrid. Rev. Univ. Mines Mét. Trav. Publ. Revue Universelle des Mines, de la Sci. Arts Appl. Indust. Métallurgie, des Travaux Publics, des Sciences et des Arts Appliquées a l’Industrie, Liége and Paris. School’ Mines: Quarteiaes Wate k cists :e School of Mines Quarterly, New York. SclencCex ss qaee os he hasuyoitele AA ems Science, New York. - Sci. Amer. Supplih.ciiseniad Steer < Scientific American Supplement, New ; York, Sci. Proce) Roy. |\Dubline Soc: : hast seis eek Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society, Dublin. Sel. (Recs BenzaliGow sy. eic hr. 0) chard stevens Selections from the Records of the Ben- gal Government, Calcutta. Sel.y Recs Govir Indiayaitese « 2i...ceheevaiee Selections from the Records of the Government of India, Public Works Department, Calcutta. Sitz. Kon. bayer. Akad. Wiss.:........ Sitzungsberichte der K6niglich bayer- ischen Akademie der Wissenschaf- ten, Miinchen. Sitz: NatuGese oa tenes. sekl te Sitzungsberichte der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, Leipzig. Sitz., Abb. Nat-(Ges. “Isis. .ix)3 wanes Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Ge- sellschaft “ Isis,’’ Dresden. South! Agrican’ Me, Journs).. 20. .aes10% South African Mining Journal, Jo- hannesburg. south African’ Mss 'Rev. 24 a. eee: South African Mining Review. South" African Mines, ace sete acess South African Mines, Johannesburg. South Dakota Geol. Surv. Bull.......: South Dakota Geological Survey Bul- letin, Vermillion. Spec. Pub UMS. GeollSutivaree ete. Special Publication United States Geo- logical Survey, Washington, D. C. ~ NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 15 Special Report Department of Mines, Melbourne, Victoria. Summ. Progr. Geol. Surv. United Summary of Progress of the Geological Kingdom. Survey of the United Kingdom, London. Summ. Rep. Geol. Surv. Dep. Canada.Summary Report of the Geological Survey Department of Canada, Ot- tawa. PAGS CMeE ES SeIMIMNYS sensed 20155 ce Reena Paea heels Taschenbuch ftir -die gesammte Min- eralogie. Dr. Karl Leonhard, Frank- furt-am-Main. Zeitschrift fiir Min- eralogie, Dr. Karl Leonhard, Heidel- berg. Masmmmb atl wean. sc scskace ORR eer Tasmanian Parliamentary Papers, Ho- bart. Meche wae her. Lie aoa eee eles 5 Technology Quarterly, Boston. mpdschr Ig Neds sind... Saale en eke Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch—Indié; door van Hoévell, etc., Batavia. Times Eng. Suppl. London. .......... Times Engineering Supplement, Lon- don. Trans!-"Amer. Inst.:Mg:. Engin... ooli6. Transactions of the American Insti- tute of Mining Engineers, New York. (General. ) ihrans, Adstrablnsty Me. Emig oof... Transactions of the Australian Insti- tute of Mining Engineers, Melbourne. Trans. Cornwall and Devon Min. Ass. Transactions Cornwall and Devon Miners’ Association, Camborne. Trans. Devonshire Ass. Ady. Sci. Lit. Transactions of the Devonshire Asso- Art. ciation for the Advancement of Sci- ence, Literature and Art, Plymouth. rans, muplin, Socios W. worasas Los. Transactions of the Dublin Society, Dublin. Trans. Fed.’ Inst: Mg. Eng...) 3... _... Transactions of the Federated Insti- tution of Mining Engineers, New- castle-upon-Tyne, and London. Trans Geolsisoc; Glasgowsteciske ois. Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow, Glasgow. trans. Geol. Soc; Wondone...... sae. - Transactions of the Geological Society of London, London. Trans. Geol. Soc. South Africa........ Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg. ANS. LUStet Mies) Eames ater thesis ereheelaes Transactions of the Institution of Min- ing Engineers, London and New- castle-upon-Tyne. See also Transac- tions of the Federated Institution Mining Engineers. rans §winst. Mew Met. 2 5.02ch Gee Transactions of the Institution of Min- ing and Metallurgy, London. 16 Trans. Manchester: Geol. Soc......... Trans. Mg. Ass. Inst. Cornwall....:... Trans. North of England Inst. Mg. Mech. Eng. Trans. New York Acad. Sci Trans. Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales. Trans. Roy. Geol. Soc. Cornwall Transvaal Mines Dep. Rep. Geol. Surv. Trav. SciinUnivicdennessit eit. wae: WUieS i GeolleSutyv5.0% ie. BIRR eee Uses) GeolnSurve ieullss. 75. eee. U. S. Geol. Surv. Min. Res. U. S. Cal. Year. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap Verh. k. k. geol. Reichs Verh. nat. Ver. preuss. Rheinl. Westph. Verh. russ. kais. min. Ges Vid. Medd. nat. Foren. Kjdbenhavn.... SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOR. oOo Transactions of the Manchester Geo- logical Society, Manchester. Transactions of the Mining Associa- tion and Institute of Cornwall, Cam- borne. Transactions of the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Transactions of the New York Acad- emy of Sciences, New York. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, Sydney. sya8 Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, Penzance. Transvaal Mines Department, Report of the Geological Survey, Pretoria. Travaux Scientifiques de l Université de Rennes, Rennes. United States Geological Washington, D. C. For publications of, see Ann. Rep. Dir. U. §. Geol. Surv.; Monogr. vu. 8S. Geol. Surv.; U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap.; U: So Geol. Survie, Bully U.S! Geol. Surv. Min. Res. U. S. Cal. Year; Spec. Publ. U. S. Geol. Surv. United States Geological Survey Bulle- tin, Washington, D. C. United States Geological Survey, Min- eral Resources of the United States. Calendar Year, Washington, D. C. United States Geological Survey, Pro- fessional Paper, Washington, D. C. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-konig- lichen geologischen Reichsanstalt, Wien. Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereins der preussischen Rheinlande, und Westphalens, und des Regier- ungs-Bezirks Osnabrtick. Bonn. Verhandlungen der _ russisch-kaiser- lichen mineralogischen Gesellschaft, St. Petersburg. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kjsben- havn. Kjgbenhayn. Survey, NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—ILESS i AWAIT MUTT Sama ayes cueteche ete: « -sisberthove ronson wines The Virginias, Staunton, Va. Western Australia Geol. Surv. Bull...Western Australia Geological Survey Bulletin, Perth. MCUSChTeeAN OLS.) CONE: « «serie ow oa s.ce Zeitschrift fiir Anorganische Chemie, Munchen und Leipg@ig. Zeitschr. Berg. Hiitt. Sal. preuss. Sta..Zeitschrift fur das Berg- Htitten- und j Salinenwesen in dem _ preussischen Staate, Berlin. Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. .........Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, Berlin. HEVSCHTE Rey Sts MIM. 2.4)... yercreteveve.e soso Zeitschrift ftir Krystallographie und Mineralogie, Leipzig. AENIES GIS me MVIMM ea hoccrehehedateucretereiiene. o suet cuotons Zeitschrift fiir Mineralogie, by K. C. von Leonhard, Frankfurt-am-Main. ACIISchEpepLakt, GeOliqoces se ioe ¢ «tes Zeitschrift ftir praktische Geologie, Berlin. ; Thee ma Dee) eye us. Mae Reet SREY! bre BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY OF TIN’ BY FRANK L. HESS anp EVA HESS I. BIBLIOGRAPHY ARRANGED BY COUNTRIES AFRICA 1. Beck, R. Einige Bemerkungen itiber afrikanische Erzlagerstatten. Zeitschr. prakt. Geol., Vol. 14, 1906, Berlin, pp. 205-208. 2 figs. of rock sections. The tin deposits of South Africa are treated. 2. Gipson, WALcor. The geology of Africa in relation to its mineral wealth. Trans. Fed. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 12, 1896-97, Newcastle-upon-Tyne and London, p. 307. Tin merely mentioned as reported in metamorphic areas of South Africa. 2a. JoHNSON, J. P. The ore deposits of South Africa. Part 1, Base metals. 1908, London, pp. 30-37. Describes briefly the Rooiberg, Weynek, Doornhoek, Potgietersrust, Welbeloond, Embabaan, and* Langerwacht tin deposits. . 3. LAuNAY, L. pr. Les richesses minerales de 1’Afrique. 1903, Paris, pp. 158-160. Tin is found on the Benoue, an affluent of the Niger. In the French Congo it is found in the Crystal Mountains, on the Oubanghi and Ouelle Makua, also at Massinga (or Massinda) north of the village of Agapata in the upper basin of the Banghi in a region of Archean rocks and granite with copper. In the northeast part of Swaziland near the frontier of the Transvaal, tin has been known for a long time. Deposits at Embabaan only are promising. Though tin veins are present, only the alluvials have been worked, There has been the following production: VIG A emtetece’ ocloteroreletarere(lonarstterevnis 1894, 1895 1896 1897 1898 PONISI foreicicteleisierevelefore fafolsrevar cists) 143 2.50 240 70 53 According to Dr. Molengraaff the region is one of mica, tale, chlorite, and amphibolite schists with some quartzites carrying magnetite, similar to the forma- tion at Hospital Hill, Johannesburg. The cagsiterite is found, not in the quartz, but in the pegmatite cutting the schists. Louis, Henry. See No. 1340. 3a. RECKNAGEL, R. On the origin of the South African tin deposits. Trans. Geol. Soc. South Africa, Vol. 12, 1909, Johannesburg, pp. 168-202. Review: South African Mg. Journ., Vol. 7, pt. 2, 1909, Johannesburg, pp. 69-70, 111-112. 1It is believed that no important paper upon the geology or mineralogy of tin appearing up to the middle of 1908 has been omitted from this bibliography. 19 0 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS voL. 58 AFRICA (Continued) Holds that the pneumatolytie theory of tin deposits is untenable and attempts to explain the South African deposits on the hypothesis that they are formed by magmatic differentiation or by the combined action of magmatic differentiation and lateral secretion. The South African deposits are individually briefly reviewed. 3b. RumBoLtp, WM. R. The South African tin deposits. Bi-mo. Bull. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng. No. 22, 1908, New York, pp. 601-607, figs. 5. Trans. Amer. Inst. Me. Eng., Vol. 39, 1909, New York, pp. 783-789. Describes the Cape Town (Kuils River), Bushveld and Swaziland (Oshoek and Forbes Reef) tin deposits as they appeared in 1904, . At Kuils River crystallized pinkish-gray cassiterite occurs with wolframite in a 5-foot quartz vein cutting granite. Placers have been formed from the vein. At Bushveld cassiterite occurs with quartz in decomposed granite. The Oshoek deposits are stanniferous hornblende pegmatites and placers derived from them. The pegmatites carry garnet, monazite, euxenite, eschynite, and large isolated crystals of cassiterite. In the Forbes Reef deposits cassiterite occurs in an aplite dike and in thin veins cutting schists which carry cinnabar, gold, scheelite, bismuth, monazite, euxenite, wschynite, copper and iron pyrites, pyrrhotite, margarite and tourmaline. Crystals from the veins when scratched, sometimes fly to pieces like Rupert’s drops. The description shows a marked resemblance between some of the South African deposits and some of those near Hill City, South Dakota. STOKES, RALPH S. G. See No. 730. se. Voit, F. W.. Uebersicht tiber die nutzbaren. Lagerstatten Stidafrikas. Zeitschr. prakt. Geol., Vol. 16, 1908, Berlin, pp. 191-216. A geological study of the economically valuable mineral deposits of South Africa, including gold, diamonds, copper, graphite, tin, monazite, iron ores, magnesite, asbestos, etc. 3d. Weston, E. M. Tin mining and ore dressing in South Africa. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 89, 1910, New York, pp. 411-413, 470-472, 573-574, pls. 8, cross sections 5, maps 2. At Embabaan, Swaziland, tin occurs in ‘‘ the older granite’? cutting Archean beds composed of mica, chlorite and tale schists, with some amphibolite and quartzite. The granite shows dioritic phases. Where tin is most plentiful quartz is almost absent in the granite. The coarsest cassiterite occurs in the granite with pegmatite containing blue, white, or yellow quartz. Some eassiterite crystals appear monoclinic and, where twinned, orthorhombic. Pieces of cassiterite weighing ¥% to 1% pound are not uncommon and masses of 8 pounds occur. DIlmenite, mostly in fine grains, corundum, monazite, #eschynite, and euxenite in crystals as large as those of the tin ore are found in the debris and in the pegmatite with the cassiterite. Deposits in decomposed granite and pegmatite are worth up to $1.25 per yard; residual concentrations and alluvial deposits of great irregularity as to distribution of values, are worked. The fields are not as large as those of Australia or the Malay Peninsula. Suction dredges may prove profitable. Labor is cheap, material high. Between 1600 and 1700 tons of tin ore have been produced, at a profit of £33 5s. 7d. per ton. Second article describes mode of sluicing. Corundum and monazite are picked from the coarser concentrates. Third article describes the Waterberg deposits, 100 miles north of Pretoria. Tin occurs in sandstone, granite, felsites and shales near contacts. In the northern part of the field the tin is in irregular impregnations in granite; in the southern part it is in pipes. At Zwartkloof decomposed granite carrying about 2s. worth of tin per cubie yard will be hydraulicked. Gives a description of the milling process at the Zaaiplaats and Rooiberg mines. See also Cape Colony, Congo, Kamerun, Nigeria, Swaziland, Transvaal, Madagascar. NO. © BIBLIOGRAPITY OF TIN—ITESS 21 ALABAMA ANnoNyMOousS. Tin in Alabama. Eng. Meg. Journ., Vol. 34, 1882, New York, p. 309. A communication in which the writer is very hopeful of tin in paying quantities in Alabama. . BENEDICT, WM. DE L. Tin in Alabama. Min. Ind. for 1892, Vol. 1, 1898, New York, pp. 456-457. Tin is found near Ashland, Clay County. The ore occurs both im lodes and as stream tin, and is reported to exist in considerable quantities. Metal produced from the ore seems to have been a mixture of iron and tin. Work began at the Broad Arrow mines March 1, 1888, but operations do not seem to have been successful, for in July of same year work was stopped. PuHituires, Wm. B. Occurrence of tin. Bull. 3, Geol. Surv. Alabama, 1892, Montgomery, pp. 27-30. Author describes his visit and examination of the tin of Coosa County, Alabama. Crystals sent to A. R. Ledoux & Co., New York, assayed 78.19 per cent tin. ALASKA ADAIR, JAMES B. Tin deposits of the York region, Alaska, and what development shows for the season of 1905. Northwest Mg. Journ., Vol. 1, No. 3, 1906, Seattle, pp. 3-5. U. S. Geol. Surv. reports on the York tin region for 1904 are quoted and from these the results of the development during the season of 1905, are given. . ANONYMOUS: Tin in Alaska. Min. Ind. for 1901, Vol. 10, 1902, New York and London, p. 638. Buhner Creek and Anikovik River are mentioned as localities where tin has been found. In the first locality stream tin has been concentrated on the bed rock with small amounts of magnetite, limonite, pyrite, fluorite, garnet, and gold. 9. Tin mining in Alaska. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 76, 1908, New Yérk, pp. 879-880, 150 words. Brief mention of the discovery of tin in the Lost River district. 10. Alaskan tin production. British Columbia Mg. Ree., Vol. XI, No. 12, December, 1904, Victoria, p. 484, 300 words. “Prospects of the industry discussed.’’ aL Tin in Alaska. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 80, 1905, New York, p. 198, 150 words. The discovery of tin on Seward Peninsula is very briefly mentioned. 12. ———. Alaska. Mg. World, Vol. 26, 1907, Chicago, p. 154. The tin outlook in Alaska, which author seems to think good, is discussed. 12a. ————. Tin in Alaska. Mg. Sci., Vol. 59, 1909, Denver, p. 428. ' General. 12h. Mining in United States during 1908. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 87, 1909, New York, pp. 101-102. Brief description of manner of occurrence of Alaskan tin, ne SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 ALASKA (Continued) 12c. ————. Tin deposits of Alaska. Mg. Journ., Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 85, 1909, London, pp. 607-608. Describes the manner in which tin occurs at Ears Mountain, Buck Creek, Cape Mountain and Lost River. ANONYMOUS. See T 13. Beatres, R. L. Tin in Alaska. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 89, 1904, San Francisco, pp. 395-396, illus. 3, 1050 words. Describes the occurrence of tin on Seward Peninsula; on Cape Prince of Wales, Buck Creek, and Lost River. Describes present method of working. 14. Bett, Ropert M. Tin ledges in Alaska. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 76, 1908, New York, p. 820, 750 words. Describes the cera of ledges containing tin ore in the vicinity of Port Clarence, Alaska. 15. ———. Tin in Alaska. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 87, 1908, San Francisco, p. 351. Describes the occurrence of tin deposits. Since 1899 placer ‘gold has been found in nearly all the streams of Seward Peninsula and miners in the west end of the peninsula have been finding stream tin in greater or less quantities in the concentrates. In July, 1903, a party of prospectors discovered and located a tin- bearing ledge on Lost River, 20 miles west of Teller, which promises to carry good value. 16. Bett, R. N: Tin in Alaska. Mines and Min., Vol. 24, 1904, Seranton, p. 828. Reprint: Austr. Mg. Stand.; Vol. 31, 1904, Sydney and Melbourne, p. 424. An account of the tin deposits on Cassiterite Creek, a branch of Lost River, Seward Peninsula. 17. Brooxs, A. H. A new occurrence of cassiterite in Alaska. Science, Vol. 18, 1901, p. 598. Also published in U. 8. Geol. Surv. Min. Res. U. S. for 1900 (1901), Washington, pp. 267-271. U. 8S. Geol. Surv. Bull., 213, 1908, Washington, D. C., pp. 92-93. Reconnaissances in the Cape Nome and Norton Bay regions, Alaska, in 1900. Special publication U. S. Geol. Surv., 1901, Washington, D. C., pp. 186-187. Extract: Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 82, 1901, San Francisco, p. 203. Extract: Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 72, 1902, London, p. 1375. Announces the discovery of stream tin in considerable quantities on Buhner Creek, which enters the Anikovik River from the west about three miles from Bering Sea. A sample of concentrates in one of sluice boxes was examined and yielded the following minerals: cassiterite, magnetite, ilmenite, limonite, pyrite, flourite, garnets and gold. Determination of percentage by weight: tinstone 90 per cent, magnetite 5 per cent, other minerals 5 per cent. 18. ———. Alaska. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 79, 1905, New York, pp. 16-18. An article in which the mineral wealth of Alaska is discussed. Tin is mentioned as having been found in the York region, on Lost River, Cape Mountain, and Ears Mountain, ‘‘all of which shows that there is a legitimate field for the tin prospector.’’ 19. Cottier, ARTHUR J. A reconnaissance of the northwestern portion of Seward Peninsula, Alaska. U. 8S. Geol. Sury. Prof. Pap. 2, 1902, Washington, D. C., pp. 49-51. Short description of stream tin and the topography of the country, with theories as to the origin of the stream tin. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN——-HESS 20 ALASKA (Continued) 20. ————. Tin in the York region, Alaska. Eng. Mg. Journ,, Vol. 76, 1903, New York, pp. 999-1000, pl. 1, map. Gives results of a trip made to investigate the mineral resources of this region. One tin ledge was found, also other minerals of value. 21. ———. Tin deposits of the York region, Alaska. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull., 225, 1904, Washington, D. C., pp. 154-167, map 1. Extract: Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 75, 1904, London, p. 505. Describes the general geology of the York region and the occurrence and character of stream and lode tin deposits. 22. ————. Tin deposits of the York region, Alaska. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 229, 1904, Washington, D. C., pp. 61, pls. 7, maps 2, figs. 2. Digest: Mg. Mag., Vol. 10, 1904, New York, pp. 1381-132. Abstract: Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 89, 1904, San Francisco, pp. 106, 125, 142. Abstract: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1905, II [Ref.], Stuttgart, pp. 179-181. Description of placers of Buck Creek and lodes of Lost River and Cape Mountain, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, with references to reported occurrences at other places. Gives a short résumé of the occurrence of tin in other parts of the world. An elaboration of the article in Bull. 225 (No. 21). 23. ———. Recent development of Alaskan tin deposits. U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 259, 1905, Washington, D. C., pp. 120-127. Describes the lode and placer deposits of Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Stream tin in the Fairbanks and Dawson regions is mentioned. ; 24. CourTIs, W. M. Tin in Alaska. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 78, 1902, New York, p. 143. A communication describing tin placers 12 miles northeast of York. 29. Fay, Atperr Hitt. Geology and mining of the tin deposits of Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska. Bi-mo. Bull. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., 1907, New York, pp. 769-787, figs. 11, 4 of which are plates, Abstract: Min. Sci. Press, Vol. 95, 1907, San Francisco, pp. 144-146, figs. 3. General description of area; climate; vegetation; geology; tin deposits, which he does not consider payable at time of examination; a description of his methods of sampling and fire assaying with KCN. Mining—incomplete account of work done; economic conditions—with table of prices of provisions. Bibliography of 18 articles on tin at end. FAwns, SypDNEY. See No. 1320. 26. Hess, FRANK L. The York tin region. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 284, 1906, Washington, D. C., pp. 145-157, fig. 1. Editorial on same: Mg. World, Vol. 24, 1906, Chicago, p. 658. Abstract: Jron Age, May 31, 1906, New York. Digest: Mines and Min., Vol. 27, 1906, Scranton, p. 158. Epitome of geology, mineralogy and mining development of the tin deposits of Seward Peninsula, Alaska, to the close of the season of 1905. 27. ————. The York tin region of Alaska. Eng. Mag., Vol. 32, 1906, New York and London, pp. 352-369, pls. 7, fig. 1. Practically the same article as ‘‘ The York tin region’? in U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 284, 1906, Washington, D. C., pp. 145-157, fig. 1. 28. Hitt, J. H. Tin deposits of the York region, Alaska. Northwest Mg. Journ., Vol. 1, No. 4, 1906, Seattle, pp. 1-2. General article, 4 RA SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VoL. 58 ALASKA (Continued) 28a. ———. York tin mines. Northwest Mg. Journ., Vol. 7, 1909, Seattle, p. 79. “A short historical review of the prospecting and development of the placer tin deposits of Seward Peninsula, Alaska.’’ 28b. JAcoss, E. Alaskan Mineral Exhibit at A.-Y.-P. exposition. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 88, 1909, New York, p. 409. The exhibit of tin ores, placer and lode, is believed to be the largest purely American production ever made on this continent. Quotes Adolph Knepf as saying that up to close of 1908, the total production of the Seward peninsula tin region was 160 tons of cassiterite concentrates, all of which except a few tons from lode deposits, came from the placers of Buck Creek. 29. Knopr, Apotpn. The Seward Peninsula tin deposits. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 345, 1968, Washington, D. C., pp. 17. “This paper summarizes the result of the geologic investigations which have been carried on in the Seward Peninsula since the close of 1906. The known Alaskan tin deposits that are of a character sufficiently encouraging to warrant prospecting, are limited to the extreme western part of Seward Peninsula, and are embraced in an area of about 400 square miles.’’ 29a. ———. Geology of the Seward Peninsula tin deposits, Alaska. U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 358, 1908, Washington, D. C., pp. 71, pls. 9. (Including map of western end of Seward Peninsula) and figs. 7. Describes the geology and mineralogy of the tin deposits of Seward Peninsula, Alaska; mining operations and development; and two new tin-boron minerals, hulseite and paigeite. 29b. ————. Some features of the Alaskan tin deposits. Econ. Geol., Vol. 4, 1909, Lancaster, pp. 214-223. % Abstract: Mg. World, Vol. 30, 1909, Chicago, pp. 969-971. Describes especially the occurrences of tin minerals at Ears Mountain and Lost River, and the occurrence of two new magnesian iron-tin-boron minerals, hulseite and paigeite at Ears Mountain. Stannite occurs at Lost River in an argentiferous vein. Metasomatic replacement has taken place with little regard to the nature of the country rock. 30. NEWLAND, D. H. Tin. Min. Ind. for 1902, Vol. 11, 1908, New York and London, p. 587. Buck and Fillery creeks mentioned as containing alluvial tin. In the latter locality, the wash is about 16 inches in depth, and carries about 8 pounds of 60 per cent cassiterite to the cubie yard. 31. ———. Alaska tin. Min. Ind. for 1908, Vol. 12, 1904, New York and London, pp. 326-327. The discovery of lode tin in the Lost River district, about 30 (sic) miles east of Cape Prince of Wales, reported. It occurs in a dike of granite intersecting lime- stone. The description of tin ore and its occurrence is taken from A. J. Collier’s report, U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 225, 1904, Washington, D. C., pp. 154-167. Onny, J. See Nosm2ld: 32. PAvtovy, A. W. Ueber die primaren Zinnlagerstatten in Alaska. Bull. Mines Indust. or, No. 2, Bd. 2, 1905, Tomsk, map 1. Written in Russian. This description is based on A. J. Collier’s articles, 33. RickARD, EpGAr. Tin deposits of the York region, Alaska. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 75, 1908, New York, pp. 30-31. Describes the geology of the region and occurrence of tin. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN——-HESS 20 ALASKA (Continued) 34. T——. Die Entdeckung von Zinnerzlagern in Alaska. Berg. Hiitt. Zeit., Vol. 60, 1901, Leipzig, p. 484. Digest: Geol. Centr., Vol. 3, 1908, Leipzig, p. 522. “‘ Auftreten von Giingen, die Schiefern aufsetzen und enthalten: Magneteisenstein, Titaneisenerz, Brauneisenerz, Schwefelkies, Flusspath, Granat, Gold und vor allem Zinnstein, der dem Gewichte nach 95 per cent der Gangmasse ausmacht. O. v. Linstow.”’ Evidently taken from Brooks. See reference No. 17. 35. WaLcott, C. D. Discovery of tin near York, Seward Peninsula. * 25th Ann. Rep. Dir. U. §. Geol. Survey., 1903-1904, Washington, D. C., pp. 79. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC 36. ANoNyMoUS. Tin in Argentina. Echo des Mines, Dec. 30, 1907, St. Etienne. Translated in Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz. Vol. 88, 1908, London, p. 6. Tin has recently been re-discovered in various parts of Argentina. Deposits were formerly exploited by Jesuits, who obtained tin from the outcrops of the veins for bell metal. Cassiterite occurs in small crystals in granulite near Tinogasta (Catamarea), at the village of Mazan. In La Rioja Province, close to the Catamarca frontier, a company is at work with 100 miners on a _ stockwerk of small veins occurring in altered granulite dikes. Surface ore gave 7 per cent tin, but in depth the per cent fell to 1 and 1%. Mining is cheap and easy; the country is fairly watered, well wooded and fertile. 37. CASTRO, MARIANO SALAS. Mining in the Province of Salta. Rep. Secr. of the Immigration Commission, to the Finance Minister of the Province. No. 119. Published in Spanish, English and German, Buenos Aires, [no date], pp. 1-16, map 1. Tin, gold, silver, coppper and lead deposits reported in departments of Chicoana and La Poma, Province of Salta, Argentine Republic. Bismuth was worked in 1889 in a ravine called Agamillos. Vein said to be six and a half feet wide and forty-four yards deep. 38. Hosxoutp, H. D. Report upon the mines, mining, metallurgy and mining laws, etc., ete., of the Argentine Republic. Natl. Sect. Mining and Geology, 1904, Buenos Aires, pp. 142-143. States that cassiterite was found some years since near Tinogasta, Catamarca. After a few tons were mined the vein pinched out. Stream tin had recently been found in a small stream at Mazan, northeast of Chilecito, 6 miles from the frontier line of Catamarca. ASIA 39. Fiscurer, H. Ueber Zinnerze, Aventuringlas und grtinen Aventurinquarz aus Asien, sowie tiber Krokydolithquarz aus Griechenland. Neues Jahrb. Min., 1882, JI, Stuttgart, pp. 90-92. 40. HERMANN, [?]. Native tin. Journ, prakt. Chem., Vol. 38, Leipzig, p. 300. Abstract: Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, Vol. 2, 1846, New Haven, p. 415. ** According to Hermann, native tin occurs in the gold washings of the Ural (Central Asia) in small gray metallic grains containing also some lead.’’ See also under Burmah, Ceylon, China, East Indies, India, Japan, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Siam, Persia, Philippine Islands. 26 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 AUSTRALIA 41. ANonymMous. More Australian tin. Tron, Vol. 5, 1875, London, p. 551. Digest from Geol. Rec., for 1875, London, p. 147. “* Records the discovery of a sample of stream tin ore, weighing about 10 pounds, intermingled with % ounce of rough reef gold, at the foot of Mount Pilot, New South Wales. The geological formation consists of superficial deposits of granite.’’ 42, ———.. Australian tin at the Philadelphia Exhibition. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 22, 1876, New York, pp. 72-78, 87. An account of the development and description of the deposits of the tin producing districts. 43. ———. Tin in Australia. Min. Ind. for 1899, Vol. 8, 1900, New York and London, pp. 620-621. Description of alluvial tin deposits on northern coast of New South Wales. Her- berton field, Queensland, produced about $1,000,000 worth of stream tin from 1883 to 1894 and nearly $5,000,000 worth of lode tin. Discovery of lode tin reported at Sebastopol, Victoria. 44, ———.. The Planet tin mines. Austr. Mg. Stand. April 5, 1900, Sydney and Melbourne. ‘Not available to the authors. 45. ———. Tin in Australia. Min. Ind. for 1901, Vol. 10, 1902, New York and London, pp. 639-641. New South Wales, Northern territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and Western Australia tin deposits briefly treated. 46. ———-. Australian tin and tin mining. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 72, 1902, London, p. 225. Tin deposits are scattered widely over Australia, there being more than 120 known tin localities in New South Wales alone. Tin was discovered in 1851, but not until 1872 were mining operations begun. Native tin has been found in New South Wales. A brief description of occurrences on a number of creeks, and amount of tin mined and exported. ——. See also H———, C. BEcK, RICHARD. See No. 1299. 47. BENEDICT, WM. dE L. Tin in Australia. Min. Ind. for 1892, Vol. 1, 1898, New York and London, pp. 442-445. General survey of the tin deposits of Australia, including New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia and Tasmania. The tin bearing granite of Australia appears to be closely allied to that of other countries, and has been described as exactly corresponding to that of Cornwall. 48. Cocutan, T. A. Tin. A statistical account of the seven colonies of Australasia, 1899-1900. 1900, Sydney, pp. 569-572, map 1. Dausrte, A. See No. 1314. Dirst, P. H. van. See No. 1478. oo NO. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 5D. 56. 2 BIBLIOGRAPILY OF TIN-—HESS OY AUSTRALIA (Continued) E}———, C. The Australian tin mines. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 44, 1874, London, pp. 3896, 507, 648, 751, 838, 973, 1057, 1281, 13894; Vol. 45, 1875, pp. 71, 287. Mostly statistics of tin production. Encuisn, A. G. On Australian and Tasmanian tin. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 45, 1875, London, p. 19. Stream tin has been worked in the neighborhood of Ovens, Victoria, for many years in conjunction with gold, also near Albany. Deposits light, would scarcely pay if not accompanied by gold. Stream tin has been found in creeks and rivers in Gippsland. Country is unexplored as yet; cannot predict as to lodes. In the Inverel district of New South Wales, considerable deposits of tin have been worked with varying success. In Queensland, at Stanthorpe, is the largest and most promising deposit of tin. Chief deposit of Tasmania is at Mount Bischoff, 85 miles from Emu Bay, on northwest coast, a mountain 3000 feet above sea level, evidently of volcanic origin, surface stone is composed of decayed granite, porphyry, and quartzose rock, through which tin is disseminated. Wash dirt varies from 3 to 40 feet deep. No overburden beyond a foot or two. Purely lode tin. Probably deposited by some volcanie action. Near the mountain pieces of lode weighing from 1 pound to 11% ewt. are found; not water worn, and very pure. Assays from 70 to 73 per cent. Fawns, Sypney. See No. 1320. Fucus,'E., and Launay L. pgE. See No. 1323. JOHNSON, J. C. F. Getting gold. A practical treatise for prospectors, miners, and students. 1897, Philadelphia and London, pp. 82-83, 600 words. Short description of the occurrence of tin ore. Confined to Australian examples. Lock, C. G. WAarnrorp. See No. 1338. Louis, Henry. See No. 1340. Mance, F. S. Eastern States of Australia. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 81, 1906, New York, p. 36. Reviews tin mining in Queensland, New South Wales and Tasmania, during 1905. Meunter, STANISLAS. Sources minérales de l’Australasie (Minerais d’étain de formation actuelle). Bull. Soe. belge Géol. Pal. Hydr., Vol. 5, 1891, Bruxelles, pp. 8-11. NEWLAND, D. H. Tin in Australia. Min. Ind. for 1903, Vol. 12, 1904, New York and London, pp. 327-329. Output and value of tin product during 1903. Newton, E. Wizton. The metalliferous minerals of Australia. 59th Ann. Rep. Roy.. Cornwall Polyt. Soe., 1891, Falmouth, pp. 117-1381. Treats of the mineral resources of South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand, including tin. PuHItiies, J. A., and Louis, H. See No. 1350. PrumMMER, Joun. Australian tin and tin mining. Iron Age, Feb. 6, 1902, New York, p. 9, 900 words. Treats of the location of the deposits, and the extent to which they have beer worked, 28 o7. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64, 65. 66. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 AUSTRALIA (Continued) Reyer, Epuarp. Zinn in Australien und Tasmanien. Oest. Zeitschr. Berg. Hiitt., Vol. 28, 1880, Wien, pp. 47-49, 61-68, 74-76, 85-87. See No. 1354. Rospertson, J. R. M. The bismuth and tin deposits of Australia. Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, pt. 1, Vol. 7, 1881-1884, Glasgow, pp. 126-127, 133-142, map. An account of the origin of the alluvial tin of Australia. STEPHEN, D. Australian and Tasmanian tin ore. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 49, 1879, London, p. 191. Gives tin statistics for years 1877 and 1878, showing a decrease of production. THIBAULT, P. J.. See No. 1578. Trecay, W. Australian and Tasmanian tin. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 48, 1878, London, p. 212. VALE, StepuHen 8. Australian tin deposits. Trans. Mg. Ass. Inst. Cornwall, Vol. 1, 1887, Camborne, pp. 30-44, map. General description. WEEKS, JOSEPH D. See No. 13872. Wo.trr, G. Australisches Zinn. Berg. Hiitt. Zeit., Vol. 34, 1875, Leipzig, pp. 2-3, 12-14, 24-26, 29-80. Mit einer Plan-Skizze auf Taf. 1. Abstract: Oest. Zeitschr. Berg. Hiitt., Vol. 28, 1875, Wien, pp. 287-288. Woops, J. E. T. Tin in Australia. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 49, 1879, London, p. 225. Extracts from two letters in which author states that he thinks Australian tin, aside from Mount Bischoff, is of little value. See under New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia. AUSTRIA ANoNYyMous. Tin in Bohemia. Mg. World, Vol. 26, 1907, Chicago, p. 509. A brief notice of the re-opening of an old tin mine in Bohemia, about 15 miles from Carlsbad. ‘The lodes contain wolframite as well as tin. The new operators are erecting a 100-ton mill, which will be equipped with a magnetic separator and other appliances for recovering both the tin and wolframite. CHARLETON, ARTHUR G. See No. 13810. Corra, B. von. Ueber die Zinnerzlagerstatten von Graupen in Bohmen. Berg. Hiitt. Zeit., Vol. 23, 1864, Leipzig, pp. 117-118. DAvuBREE, A. See No. 1314. Fucus, E., and LAunAy, L. pe. Traité des gites minéraux et métalliféres. Vol. 2, 1898, Paris, pp. 127-136. Treats of tin in Saxony and Bohemia. . NO. 67. 68. 69. 70. al. 72. 74, i 2 BIBLIOGRAPILY OF TIN——HESS 29 AUSTRIA (Continued) ‘ GRODDECK, ALBERT. See No. 549. “Hattwicu, H. Geschichte der Bergstadt Graupen in Bohmen. 1868, Prag. Schiller, Ph., and Lewald, P. The occurrence of tin ore at Graupen and Upper Graupen, and the manner of mining in ancient and modern times, Jars, G. See No. 416. Jox&tLy, Jon. Das Erzgebirge im Leitmeritzer Kreise in Bohmen. Jahrb. k. k. geol. Reichs., Vol. 9, 1858, Wien, pp. 549-574, geol. map 1. 1. Zinnerze. 2. Zinnerz giinge im grauen Gneiss. 38. Zinnerz giinge im Felsit- porphyr. 4. Zinnerz im Greisen, LAuBE, Gusray C. Mittheilungen tiber die Erzlagerstatten von Graupen in Bohmen. Jahrb. k. k. geol. Reichs., Vol. 14, 1864, Wien, pp. 159-178, fig. 1. LEwWALD, P. See reference No. 67. NEWLAND, D. H. Tin in Austria. Min. Ind. for 1908, Vol. 12, 1904, New York and London, p. 329. Tin production for 1908 was 84 metric tons valued at $21,918. Nowick!, CONSTANTIN von. Das Vorkommen des Zinnsteins bei Schlagg- enwald und Schonefeld. “ Lotos,’’? Zeitschr. Nat., Vol. 7, 1857, Prag, pp. 106-112. Puitires, J. A., and Louis, H. See No. 1350. Scuititer, Pu. See No. 67. Scuuttz, —. See No. 573. VoGELSANG, —. Berg- und hiittenmdnnische Mitteilungen tiber BOohmen. Zeitschr. Berg. Hiitt. Sal. preuss. Sta., Vol. 10, 1862, Berlin, pp. B-164-165, Describes the mining and smelting of tin in Schlaggenwald Bohemia. See also Bohemia, Saxony, ete. BANKA . AKKERINGA, J. E. Rapport van het distrikt Blinjoe, eiland Bangka. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1868 (1872), I, Amsterdam, pp. 41-148, I kaart en vijf bijlagen. —. See No. 110. Anonymous. The tin mines of Banca. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 19, 1849, London, p. 178. Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, Vol. 8, 1849, New Haven, pp. 291-292.- Brief history of early tin mining in Banca, and mining methods used at time of writing. Exploitation du minerai d’étain a Banca. Rey. Univ. Mines Mét. Trav. Publ. Sci. Arts Appl. Indust., ser. 1, Vols. 28, 24, 1868, Liége and Paris, pp. 411-412, 30 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS voL. 58 BANKA (Continued) 76. . The Banca tin mines. Tron Age, Vol. 35, 1885, New York, p. 81. Description of deposits and manner of working them by the Chinese. rig The best deposits of tin. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 66, 1893, San Francisco, p. 52. The stanniferous deposits of Banca and Billiton are said to be the best tin deposits in the world. An analysis of Banca metal gave: ATS VTA oateratsleyeiovsinictoleineteletetsieieietetere nail .-99.961 per cent ONIN ie bielaiereie lolol notaieicterstsioteyeyohtceiete 00.019 per cent Wieady visite. Brotelelsiateislelelietelaleleleveiciete 00.14 per cent COP PEL, posetossieveisicfaitoxe spares totais stoi olor 00.006 per cent There are 200 mines worked in Banca by private companies, while 1% of that number are exploited by the Dutch Government. Mines of Billiton are in possession of a private concern, which pays a royalty to the government of 3 per cent of annual yield. ise Wetten, Gouvernements-Besluiten en Bepalingen betreffende het Mijnwezen in Nederlandsch-Indié. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1894, Tech. and Admin., Amsterdam, pp. 211-239, Treats of the methods of tin mining in Banka. 79. ———. Tin in Banka. Min. Ind. for 1897, Vol. 6, 1898, New York and London, p. 640. Verbeek (Zeitschr. prakt. Geol., 1897, Berlin, p. 428) is authority for the statement that the duration of the tin deposits of Banka and Billiton is limited. Up to the time of writing, Banka had produced 7,000,000 piculs of tin, and the existing supply amounted to only about 8,000,000, 80. » hinvine Banka: Min. Ind. for 1899, Vol. 8, 1900, New York and London, p. 621. Mines have been under government control since 1832. Output in 1897 was 9307, raising to 10,220 tons in the succeeding year. 81. ———. Toepassing van graafwerktuigen bij de tinwinning op Banka. 1907, Batavia, pls. 13. Not available to the authors. 82. Beck, R. Die Zinnerzlagerstitten von Banka und Billiton. Zeitschr. prakt. Geol., 1898, Berlin, pp. 121-127. Review of R. Verbeek, Geologische Beschrijving van Bangka en Billiton. Jaarb Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1897, Amsterdam. Beck’s article digested: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1899, II, Stuttgart, pp. 266-267. 3. BENEDICT, WM. DE L. Tin in East Indies. Min. Ind. for 1892, Vol. 1, 1898, New York and London, pp. 445-446. Occurrence of tin in island of Banca and Billiton described. Production from islands from 1880 to 1892 given. 84. Borers, R. J. Over het gebruik van krachtinstallaties tot grondverzet bij de tinontginning op het eiland Banka. (On the application of power machinery for the working of tin ground in the island of Banka.) Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, Vol. 32, 1903, Batavia, pp. 190-218. With 3 Append., illus. 7, and pls. 5. ; 85. BREDEMEYER, W. Tin mining in Banca. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 25, 1872, San Francisco, p. 21. Digest: Oest. Zeitschr. Berg. Hiitt., Vol. 21, 1873, Wien, p. 76. i NO. 86. 87. 88. 89. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 31 ’BANKA (Continued) Corpes, J. H. Rapport van het distrikt Pangkal-Pinang, eiland Bangka. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1876 (1878), I, Amsterdam, pp. 89-126. Met eene kaart en twee bijlagen. Rapport over het onderzoek naar het delfstoffelijk productief vermogen van het distrikt Koba eiland Bangka. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1883 (1885), I, Tech. and Admin., Amsterdam, pp. 67-115. Met eene kaart en twee bijlagen. CretiErR, H. Tinhoudend metaal, tinslak en tinertszand van het zeestrand bij Soengei Liat, district Muntok, residentie Banka. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1888, Weten. Ged., Amsterdam, pp. 113. CroocKEwIT, J. H. Scheikundig onderzoek van tinerts, afkomstig v. h. eiland Banka. 1853, Batavia, pp. 14. Not available to the authors. See No. 1473. 90. Drest, P. H. van. Inleiding tot de geognostische mijnbouwkundige rap- porten der distrikten van Bangka. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1872, I, Amsterdam, pp. 3-40. 91. ————. Rapport van het distrikt Soengeileat, eiland Bangka. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1862 (1872), II, pp. 3-71. 1 kaart en vijf bijlagen. 92. ————. Rapport van het distrikt Merawang, eiland Bangka. Jaarb, Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1864 (1878), I, Amsterdam, pp. 3-75. Met eene kaart. 93. Verslag der onderzoekingen aan den heuvel Sambong Giri, eiland Bangka. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned Oost-Indié, 1873, I, Amsterdam, pp. 187-198. Met eene kaart en twee platen. 94. ———. Banca and its streams works. Translated from Dutch by Foster, C. Le Neve, 1867, Truro. Not available to the authors. 95. Disk, P. vAN. Uitkomsten der waarnemingen omtrent eenige onderdeelen der Chineesche ontginningswijze van het tinerts op Bangka, getrokken uit officieele nota’s van het jaar 1878 en medegedeeld. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1879, II, Amsterdam, pp. 55-91. 96. ————. Berekening van de verhounding tusschen de grens van ontgin- baarheid der tinertsafzettingen op Bangka en het loon van den Chinee- schen mijnwerker (tinprijs, inkoopprijs). Bepaling van beiden, zoo- danig dat de te behalen winst op de tinontginning een maximum ij. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1882, II, Amsterdam, pp. 349-366. See No. 1480. 97. DorEN, J. Vrijmoedige beschouwingen tegen het afstaan van de tin- mijnen op Banka aan departiculiere industrie. 1850, Gravenhage. Not available to the authors, 32 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 BANKA (Continued) 98. Everwign, R. Verslag van een onderzoek naar tinaders in het distrikt Djeboes, eiland Bangka. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1873, I, Amsterdam, pp. 151-155. Met twee kaartjes. 99. FRAENKEL, S. Bijdrage tot de kennis der tinmijnen van Banka. 1843, Batavia. Not available to the authors, Foster, C. Le Neve. See No. 94. Fucus, E., and Launay, L. bE. See No..1323. 100. GopEFRoy, W. Eene verbeterde steekboor (kogelklep-steenboor) voor het onderzoek op tinerts op Bangka. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1884, II, Tech., Amsterdam, pp. 824-333. 101. Groot, C. DE. Rapport over de tin-slakken (tra), welke op Bangka onbenuttigd worden weggeworpen. Jaarb, Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1854 (1878), II, Amsterdam, pp. 29-98. 102. Hoozr, J. A. Graphische voorstelling der productie, velines ere en geldswaarde van Bangka-tin. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1881 (1882), II, Tech., Amsterdam, pp. 83-87. Met 2 staten en 2 graphische voorstellingen. 103. Horsrietp, THomaAs. Mineralogical description of the island of Banca. Journ. Indian Arch, East. Asia, Vol. 8, No. 7, 1848, Singapore, p. 398. Review: Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, 2d ser., Vol. 7, 1849, New Haven, pp. 86-101. 104. HuGuENIN, J. A. Rapport van het district Toboali, eiland Bangka. Jaarb. Mijnw, Ned, Oost-Indié, 1869 (1877), I, Amsterdam, pp. 81-186. Met eene kaart en vier bijlagen. 105. Jona, D. pre. Over het voorkomen van tinertsaders op het eiland -Bangka. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1883 (1884), II, Tech., Amsterdam, pp. 806-317. Soengei-Liat. Pangkal-Pinang. Merawang. 106. ————. Over het voorkomen van goud en tinerts op en langs de oostkust van het district Merawang, eiland Bangka. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1888 (1885), II, Amsterdam, pp. 161-175. Met twee kaarten. (a) Over het voorkomen van goud op Bangka in het algemeen. (b) De geologische gesteldheid der kuststreek van Merawang tusschen rane Antoe en de monding der Merawang-rivier. (c) Het voorkomen yan stofgoud en tinerts op de riffen en in de langs het strand gelegene valleitjes. 107. ———. Vervolg op het rapport over het jaar 1883 betreffende het voorkomen van tinader-ertsen op Bangka. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned Oost-Indié, 1884 (1885), II, Amsterdam, pp. 176-181. (a) District Soengei-Liat. (b) District Pangkal-Pinang. (c) District Merawang. 108. ————. Over de uitkomsten der tinwinning op Banka gedurende de ontginnings jaren 1882-838 tot en met 1899-1900 met zes staten en eenige graphische voorstellingen. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1900, Amsterdam, pp. 51-93. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN-—HESS ry) BANKA (Continued) 109. Lanar. Het eiland Banka en szyne angelegenheder. Hertzogenbosch. 1850, p. 59 ff. s Describes the tin deposits of Banka. Not available to the authors. 110. Menten, J. H. Het boren en het boormateriaal op Bangka. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1878 (1874), II, Amsterdam, pp. 163-189. Drie platen: Hoofdstuk I. Eenige algemeene beschouwingen over het opsporen van stroomtinerts gronden. Il. Beschrijving van het boormateriaal, zooals dit werd ontworpen door wijlen den Mijningenieur J. E, Akkeringa, Ill. Wijze waarop het boormateriaal bij de onderzoekingen wordt gebruikt. IV. Verbeteringen welke het boormateriaal later heeft ondergaan. Muuper, [?]. See No. 1538. 111. OUpeEmMaANs, A. C., Jr. Over verontreiniging van Banka-Tin. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, I, Tech. en Admin., 1890, Amsterdam, pp. XXIV- XLIV. 112. Posewitz, Tu. Die Zinninseln im indischen Oceane. TI. Geologie von Bangka. Mitth. Jahrb. kén. ung. geol. Anst., Vol. 7, 1885, Budapest, pp. 153-182. II. Das Zinnerzyorkommen und die Zinngewinnung in Bangka. Ibid. Vol. 8, 1886, pp. 55-106, Reviewed by A. Stelzner: Neues Jahrb. Min. 1887, II, Stuttgart, pp. 107-110. 118. Rarries, THos. 8. On the tin of the island of Banka. Trans. Roy. Geol. Soc. Cornwall, Vol. 8, 1€27, Penzance, pp. 247-255. Short history of production of tin in Banka, ruling prices, brief description of placers, distribution of tin in the island and market conditions. 114. Renaup, G. P. A. Rapport van het district Soengeiselan, eiland Bangka. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1780 (1874), I, Amsterdam, pp. 3-81. Met eene kaart en twee bijlagen. Hoofdstuk I. Vermelding van de wijze waarop de overzichskaart werd vervaardigd. II. Beschrijving van de natuurlijke gesteldheid van het terrein. III. Geologische en mineralogische beschrijving. IV. Beschrijving van de tinertsvoerende valleien en den loop der ontginning. Y. Algemeene blik op het productief vermogen van het district. 115. ———. Overzicht der tinproductie van eenige mijnen in het district Pangkal-Pinang, eiland Bangka. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1880, II, Amsterdam, 81-82. 115a. ———. Overzicht der tinproductie van eenige mijnen en het district Soengeiselan, eiland Bangka. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1880, II, Amsterdam, pp. 77-80. 116. ————. Over de Chineesche ontginningswijze van tinerts op het eiland Bangka en de eventueele toepassing daarop van Europeesche werk- tuigen. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1882 (1884), I, Tech. en Admin., Amsterdam, pp. 5-121. Hoofdstuk I. Administratieve regelingen volgens welke de betaling der mijnwerkers geschiedt. II. De gevolgde methode van ontginning der tingronden en hare onderdeelen. (a) Grondverzet. (b) Bemaling. (c) Ertswasschen. (d) Smeltkosten. (e) Tin en rijstkruien. III. Bepaling van het dagloon van den Chineeschen mijnwerker. 34 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 BANKA (Continued) 117. Reyer, Epusarp. Banka und Bilitong. Oest. Zeitschr. Berg Hiitt., Vol. 27, 1879, Wien, pp. 384-885, 395-397, 407-409. Extract: Iron Age, Vol. 24, Nov. 20, 1879, New York, p. 3. ** Concise, though well-detailed notice of the nature and condition of tin-mining in Banka and Billiton, with geological sketch map of the northeast district of the former island, and full references to former observers and writers on these works and the structure of the islands.’’ —. See No. 1354. ScHUURMAN, J. A. See No. 1415. 118. VAN per Wyck, O. H. The occurrence of tin ore in the islands of Banca and Billiton. 17th Ann. Rep. Dir. U. S. Geol. Surv. 1895-96, pt. 8, 1898. Washington, D. C., pp. 227-242. Conditions of occurrence, method of mining and smelting tin ore on the islands of Banca and Billiton. 119. VreRBEEK, R. D. M. Ueber die Zinnerzlagerstatten von Bangka und Billiton. Zeitschr. prakt. Geol., 1899, Berlin, pp. 184-136. Digest: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1901, I (Ref.), Stuttgart, pp. 422-423. Verbeek’s first article on this subject appeared in Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost- Indié, Vol. 26, 1897, and was reviewed by Beck in Zeitschr. prakt. Geol., 1898, Berlin, pp. 121-127. —. See No. 136. 120. VLAANDEREN, C. L. Scheikundig onderzoek van Bangka-tin. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1874 (1875), I, Amsterdam, 283-235. . WEEKS, JosSEPH D. See No. 1372. See also Billiton and General. BILLITON 121. AKKERINGA, J. E. Verslag van een onderzoek naar tinertsaders op het eiland Billiton. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1873, II, Amsterdam, pp. 3-72. Written in 1860. Met drie kaarten en een plaatje. Hoofdstuk I. Beschrijving der kaarten. es Il. De ontginbaarheid der tinaders. of Ill. Eenige opmerkingen omtrent geognosie, adererts en alluvialen tinerts. 122. ANonyMous. Notiz tiber das Vorkommen von Zinn auf der Insel Billiton [in der Nahe der Insel Banka]. Berg. Hiitt. Zeit., Vol. 12, 1853, Leipzig, p. 609. 123. ————. Billiton tin mines. Eng. Mg. Journ. Vol. 26, 1878, New York, p. 294. Tin mines in four districts: Mangar (most important), Boeding, Tandjang- Padan, Dindang. Percentage of pure tin is 40 to 70 per cent. Since 1854 produced 1000 pieuls for first year, and for the 20 years after 62,000 piculs. ee eee NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 30 BILLITON (Continued) 124. Verslag van het Mijnwezen in Nederlandsch Oost-Indié over het jaar 1880-1. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1882, II, Tech., Amsterdam, pp. 116-132. Tinontginningen. a. Ontginning van Gouvernementswege. b. Billiton-Maatschappij. 125. ———. Verslag van het Mijnwezen in Nederlandsch Indié over het jaar 1881-2. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1888, II, Tech., Amsterdam, pp. 147-157. Tinontginningen. a. Ontginning van Gouvernementswege. b. Particuliere ontginningen. Billiton. 126. Verslag van het Mijnwezen in Nederlandsch Indié over het jaar 1882-3. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1884, II, Tech,, Amsterdam, pp. 347-358. Tinontginningen. a. Ontginning van Gouvernementswege. b. Particuliere ontginningen, Billiton, c. Concessie-aanyragen, 126a. ———-. Tin mining in the island of Billiton. A general sketch. G. Kolff & Co., Batavia (Dutch East Indies), 1908, pp. 31. Treats of the political, topographic, geological, and commercial aspects of Billiton, Dutch East Indies, and its tin mining industry. Describes in excellent manner the methods of working the deposits (from the commercial side rather’ than the mechanical) and handling the Chinese. Besides tin, iron is the only commercial mineral found in quantity. There are small quantities of tungsten, gold, lead, and copper. Probably the most intimate English account of tin deposits and mining on Billiton Island. Beck, R. See No. 82. 127. Cretier, H. Tinhoudend zand van Billiton. Indische Gids, 1881, II. Not available to the authors. 128. Diest, P. H. vAN. Bijdrage tot de geschiedenis van Billiton, gedurende de eerste 15 jaren onzer vestiging aldaar, bepaaldelijk met het oog op het reeds te dien tijde bekend zijn van het voorkomen van tinerts aldaar. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1874, II, Amsterdam, pp. 193-240, 129. Ferrier, —. Exploitation de 1]’étain a Billiton. Rev. Univ. Mines Mét. Trav. Publ. Sci. Arts Appl. Indust. Ser. 2, Vol. 9, 1881, Liége and Paris, pp. 458-469. (xtract.) Fucus, E., and Launay L. pr. See No. 1323. 130. Groot, C. pe. Die Insel Billiton durchforscht nach Zinnerz. | Kon. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indié, Jahr. 3, Lief. 2 u. 3, 1852, Batavia, p. 183, maps 2. Not available to the authors, 181. ——~—. Tinader op Billiton. Kon. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indié, 1870, Batavia. Not available to the authors, 36 SMITIZSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 BILLITON (Continued) 132. ————. Herinneringen aan Blitong. 1887, Gravenhage. Tinerts, pp. 168-228, sketch 1. Review: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1888, II (Ref.), Stuttgart, pp. 424-425. 1. Tinerts afgezet in het vastgesteente, p. 168. 2. Tinerts dat onvervoerd is blijven liggen op de plaats waar het door verweering van het vastgesteente, waarin het ‘gelegerd was, daaruit werd losgemaakt, p. 189. 8. Laagvorming afgezetten stromtinertsgrond, p. 199. 4. Stroomtinerts, p. 208. 5. Mineralen, welke met het stroomtinerts in den ertsgrond worden sauceeoten p. (218: 133. Mater, P. J., and Laupon, J. Jets omtrent het voorkomen van tin op het eiland Billiton. Kon. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indié, 1854, Batavia. Not available to the authors. 134. Posewi1tz, TH. Die geologisch-montanistischen Verhaltnisse der Insel Billiton. Petermann’s Mitth., Vol. 83, 1887, Gotha, pp. 108-116. Map. History of the discovery of tin ore in Billiton, geology of the island, the occurrence and mining of tin, statistics of production, : 135. Rant, H. F. E. Verslag van de bevinding en de vooruitzichten der aderontginning nabij den berg Tadjouw op het eiland Billiton. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1878, If, Amsterdam, pp. 73-91. »ReYER, Epuarp. See No. 117. 136. VerRBEEK, R. D. M. Geologische beschrijving van Bangka en Billiton. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1897, Tech. Admin. en Weten. Ged., Amsterdam, pp. 1-220. Met 4 kaartjes, 2 bijlagen, en 4 platen. Reviewed by Beck in Zeitschr. prakt. Geol., 1898, Berlin, pp. 121-127. Beck’s article digested: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1899, II [Ref.], Stuttgart, pp. 266-267. Largely devoted to the manner of occurrence of tin in the islands. —. See No. 119. WEEKS, JosEPpH D. See No. 13872. See also “ General.” BOLIVIA. 137. ANoNyMous. Tin mine in South America. Mg. Mag. No. 1, Vol. 1, 1858, New York, pp. 210-212. Extract from ‘‘ New York Courier’? without date. A non-technical and rather careless description of a tin mine at Onero (Oruro ?) probably in Bolivia, Output said to have been 8000 tons per year. 187a. ————. Zinnvorkommen in Siidamerika. Oest. Zeitschr. Berg. Hiitt. Vol. 8, 1860, Wien, pp. 48-49. Brief mention of the very rich tin ore to be found in Bolivia, but location is such that the mining of it has not been very practicable. 188. ————. Tin in Bolivia. Min. Ind. for 1895, Vol. 4, 1896, New York and London, p. 571. Tin production while small, showing a steady increase, and in 1895 production was much larger than ever before. NO. 139; ————. BIBLIOGRAPHY: OF TIN—-HESS ov BOLIVIA (Continued) Bolivian tin and the supply of the United States. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 66, 1898, New York, p. 682. Editorial in which is discussed the development of the tin plate industry in United States, and the increasing block tin importation. Why we do not import more raw material from Bolivia is also discussed. 140. L’étain en Bolivie. Illustration, Vol. 116, 1900, Paris, p. 419. Review: Berg. Hiitt. Zeit., Vol. 60, 1901, Leipzig, p. 268. 141. Tin in Bolivia. Min. Ind. for 1900, Vol. 9, 1901, New York and London, p. 639. Tin is mined in the departments of Oruro, Potosi, La Paz and Cochabamba, of which Oruro is much the most important, containing within its borders 25 out of a total of 87 mines of the whole country. 141a. Tin in Bolivia. Min. Ind. for 1901, Vol. 10, 1902, New York and London, p. 641. Most important tin mining district is that of Huanuni, where tin ore occurs in numerous veins and lodes, traversing the granite country rock. 142. . Tin in Bolivia. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 73, 1902, New York, p. 218. Answer to correspondent asking about Bolivia tin deposits. Gives recent production and some other data. 143. ———. Tin in Bolivia. Mo. Bull. Int. Bur. Amer. Repub., Jan.-June, 1902, Washington, D. C., pp. 588-590. In the Huanuni district in Bolivia on the mountain of Pozoconi, many of the tin veins run into tin pyrites at from 100 to 200 feet in depth. ‘‘ Solid timstone of variable width up to 2 feet.’’ One vein at the Challa and Apacheta mines, 10 miles south of Huanuni is 25 to 80 feet wide, averaging 20 per cent tin. The vein is composed of grains of SnOs in an argillaceous rock. The Arecayo mine of the Oruro district, has lodes from 1 to 3 feet wide and has considerable masses of solid ore, averaging more than 40 per cent tin. 144. A new tin mine, Bolivia. Mg. Journ., Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 74, 1908, London, p. 525. Situated 57 miles south of Tupiza, anciently worked in a small way for silver. In 1901 opened as tin mine. Striking in an easterly and westerly direction, lodes cut decomposed clay, slate and shale. Principal lode over 800 feet in length, with an average width of 2 feet. With the rudest dressing machinery, about 23 tons of black tin of 55 per cent to 62 per cent is produced monthly. 145. Tin mining in Bolivia. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 80, 1905, New York, p. 698. Brief summary of report of the British Foreign Office. Since rise in price of tin, the famous silver mines of Oruro have depended for their prosperity more on their tin output than silver production. Bolivia now one of the largest producers of tin in the world. Total shipments in 1904 from Oruro district amounted to equivalent of 8000 tons of metallic tin, in 1903 the output was about one-half as large. 146. Tin mining in Bolivia. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 81, 1906, New York, p. 1137. Tin deposits of La Blanca, San José and Quinsachata are briefly described, giving output, ete. 38 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 BOLIVIA (Continued) 147. ————. Railway and mining development in Bolivia. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 82, 1906, New York, p. 2, map of S. Bolivia. ““Tin mines of the country are undoubtedly destined to become one of the world’s chief sources of supply. Already the Bolivians aspire to the premier place in tin production. The conditions under which this metal is found show wide differences, but it is found throughout a large area, and is undoubtedly abundant.’’ 148. ———. Tin in Bolivia. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 82, 1906, New York, p. 681. The prevalent idea that tin ore is superficial in Bolivia, only time will prove or disprove. If there is no notable increase for some time in the output of Bolivian tin, it will not be through want of ore in lodes, but through scarcity of labor. 148a. ————. Produccion de estano en 1906 y 1907. Geol. Minas, Vol. 2, 1907-1908, Buenos Aires, p. 630. Gives Bolivian production of tin for years 1906 and 1907. 148b. ————. The mining industries of Bolivia. Journ. Soe. Arts, Vol. 57, 1909, London, pp. 721-722. Reprint: Mg. World, Vol. 31, 1999, Chicago, p. 923. ! Treats of the Bolivéan tin output, market, machinery used, ete. 148e. ————. The tin mines of Huanuni and Uncia, Bolivia. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 87, 1909, London, p. 125. Abstract from ‘‘ El Comercio ’’ (USuni, Bolivia). Gives brief notes regarding output and improvements in the various mines of Huanuni and Uncia. 148d. ———. Tin Mining in Bolivia. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 88, 1909, New York, p. 1284. Extract from undesignated British consular report, giving the total production of barilla during 1908 as follows: Potosi, 18,189 tons; Oruro, 9620 tons; La Paz, 2008 tons; Cochabamba, 170 tons. Total, 29,937. 148e. ————. La produccion de estafio en Bolivia. Ciene. Indust., Vol. 3, 1909, Buenos Aires, p. 209. 148f. ———-. Bolivia in 1909. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 88, 1910, London, p. 1386. Short account of the tin output for 1909, showing an increase over the production of 1908. 149. ArzrunrI, A. Ueber einige Mineralien aus Bolivia. Zeitschr. Kryst. Min.,- Vol. 9, 1884, Leipzig, pp. 73-77. Review: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1886, I (Ref.), Stuttgart, pp. 198-199. 150. BatiiviAn, M. V., and SAAVEDRA, BAuTISTA. El estano en Bolivia. Mono- grafias de la industria minera, No. 3. Oficina nacional de immigracién, estadistica, ete., 1900, La Paz, pp. 133. 151. BAarpa, Atvyaro Atonso. Arte de los Metales. Madrid, 1630, chap. 82. Ref. from Frochot, L’étain in Bolivie, Ann. Mines, ser. 9, Vol. 19, 1901, Paris, p. 187. ““Cest encore aujourd’hui une autorite en matiére de mines, et ses indications sur la géographie miniére de la Bolivie ont été trés rarement reconnues inexactes.’’ Not available to the authors. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN-—HESS 39 BOLIVIA (Continued) A translation was published in London in 1740, entitled: ‘‘ A collection of scarce and valuable treatises upon metals, mines and minerals. . . . . Being a translation from the learned Albaro Alonso Barba, director of the mines at Potosi in the Spanish West Indies, and the observations of several ingenious persons of our own country, founded on many years experience.’? Tin, chap. 82, pp. 107-110. q Breck, Ricuarp. See No. 1299. 152. BENEDICT, WM. DE L. Tin in Bolivia. Min. Ind. for 1892, Vol. 1, 18938, New York and London, pp. 450-451. Tin at Potosi is found in large quantities in silver bearing veins. At Chorolque, bismuth and tin are found close together in distinct veins. A few deposits of alluvial or stream tin have been discovered, but only one that is of any importance. 152a. BerKEY, CHARLES P. See Rumbold, William R. Origin of Bolivian tin deposits. Descriptions of microscopic sections of Bolivian tin ores and rocks. 153. BrapLey, D. H., Jr. Mining in Bolivia. Mg. Mag., Vol. 11, No. 1, 1905, New York, pp. 41-48, 9 illus. As a tin producing country, Bolivia is second to Malay Peninsula, With the exception of that from Potosi, bar tin, the product of Bolivia is second in quality to none. Deposits rich, output increasing. Tin will undoubtedly be found in many other parts of Bolivia. Bolivian mines offer immense opportunities for investments paying 25 per cent premium within 3 or 4 years. 153a. Brown, Gitmour E. Present position of Bolivian tin mines. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 85, 1909, London, p. 399. Extract: Mg. World, Vol. 36, 1909, Chicago, p. 829. A few notes on the ccst of mining and smelting, and the names of a few of the principal mines operating in Bolivia. 154. Conway, Sir Martin. Climbing and exploration in the Bolivian Andes. New York, 1901, pp. 291-299. The tin mines of Huaina Potosi are treated from a literary rather than geological standpoint. Veins from 3 meters to 10 meters wide occur in “ porphyry,’”’ slate and trachyte. D’AcutiArRpDI, Antonio. See No. 1318. Davises, D. C. See No. 1317. 155. Emmons, S. F. Geological distribution of the useful minerals. Trans. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 22, 1894, New York, p. 72. “‘In Bolivia where tin ore forms an important part of the mineral product, it oceurs in andesitie or trachytie rocks of Cretaceous or Tertiary age, is associated with sulphides of silver, copper, lead, zine and iron and without the usual accompaniment of tourmaline, topaz, fluorspar or apatite.’’ 155a. Enprer, Augusto. The tin mines of Llallagua, near Oruro, Bolivia. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 86, 1909, London, pp. 52-53. Abstracted from ‘‘ Compafiia Estafiifera de Llallagua. Tercera Memoria del Direc- torio y Balance Jeneral al 31 de Diciembre de 1908.’’ Santiago de Chile, 1909, 36 pages with five folding plates. Treats of the geology, vein structure and mining methods, also announces and describes a newly found pocket of rich ore. 40 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS voL. 58 BOLIVIA (Continued) 155b. Everpinc, —. Unterlagen zu einer bergmannischen Lagerstattenbegu- tachtung in bolivianischen Zinnerzbezirk. Gliick. Berg. hiitt. Zeit. Nied. Westph., 45 Jahr., 1900, Essen, pp. 1825-1335. 156. Fawns, SypNey. Tin deposits of the world. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., 1905, London. Deposits of Bolivia, pp. 112-124. Small outline map. No new material. Taken from Pasley’s, Chas. S., ‘‘ The tin mines of Bolivia.’’ ‘Trans. Inst. Mg. Met., Vol. 7, 1898-1899, London, pp. 70-90, 95; Roberts, Malcolm, ** Chorloque tin mines,’? op. cit., Vol. 9, 1900-1901; and Min. Ind., New York and London, 1903. 157. Forses, DAvip. Researches on the mineralogy of South America. London, Edinburgh, Dublin, Philos. Mag. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, Vol. 29, 1865, pp. 133-136; Vol. 30, 1865, London, pp. 139-142. First article treats of the occurrence of tin ore in Bolivia; second article describes the different kinds of tin ore of Bolivia. FRENZEL, A. See No. 1611. Describes ecylindrite from Bolivia. 158. Frocuot, Maurice. L’étain en Bolivie. Ann. Mines, ser. 9, Vol. 19, 1901, pp. 186-222. Extract: Bol. Min. Indust. Constr., Ano 18, Nos. 7, 8, 1902, Lima, Peru, pp. 51-58, 59-62. Digest: Trans. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 23, 1901-1902, London and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, pp. 715-716. Geol. Centr., Vol. 1, 1901, Leipzig, p. 707. 35 tin mines at work; cost of production very heavy; no such deposits known in Peru or Chili; Oruro district largest producer; geological conditions extremely varied; Huanuni mine credited with two-thirds of output of State; situated in a sort of stockwork in Mount Posconi, 10,500 feet high; in most cases SnOs gives way to stanniferous pyrites at depth of 130’-160’, one vein is filled with pure tinstone to a depth of 650’ or more; 9 miles south are mines of Challa and Apacheta where is a vein 25 to 30 feet thick which in parts can be dug with a spade (where pyritiferous). Many ‘‘ veneros’”’ in this neighborhood not well worked. Fifty miles north of Oruro is Colquiri, where the Spaniards used to work silver ores but neglected tin, as usual. Tin veins close at hand are still untouched. In the mountains of Tres Cruces, (20,000’ alt.) the Sayaquiri vein is 25 feet thick. Ore rather poor, associated with iron pyrites and wolframite, but some crystalline ore runs 70 per cent tin. Avicaya mines are productive and rock is compact porphyry. In the department of La Paz, the mines of Milluni, Huayna Potosi and Chocaltaya are all on one ore belt 12 miles in length. Veins, appear to be of very recent origin, for they occur near fossiliferous gypsum-bearing beds and red clays which have been faulted by disturbances that raised the neighboring Andes. Are in slates of Silurian or pre-Silurian age. Many veins not worked. Bolivian tin ores are not connected with plutonic granite, but appear to be connected genetically with thermal springs, which hold metallic sulphides in solution and were the outcome of Cretaceous and Tertiary volcanic eruptions. 159. Fucus, E., et LAunay, L. pe. Traité des gites minéraux et métalliferes. Vol. 2, 1898, Paris, pp. 107-158. Brief note upon the occurrence of tin in Bolivia. 160. GAuTIER, FERDINAND. Observation sur la formation des filons d’étain. Actes Soc. sci. Chili, Vol. 5, 1895, Santiago, pp. 82-84. Theories on deposition of tin veins near Chorolque, Bolivia. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 41 BOLIVIA (Continued) GMEHLING, ANDREAS. See No. 1497. 161. Harrison, G. Tin in Bolivia. Diplomatic and Consular reports (Bolivia). Trade of Bolivia for the years 1904-1905, No. 3600, Ann. ser. 1906, London, p. 4. Mentions tin mining as principal industry. 161a. Liaut, Joun. El estano boliviano y la iniciativa chilena. Geol. Minas, Vol. 1, 1906-1907, Buenos Aires, pp. 392-397. Taken from ‘‘La Lei,’’? Santiago, Chile. General article upon tin, particularly of Bolivia. Louis, Henry. See No. 1340. 162. Mincuin, J. B. Tin mines in Bolivia. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 51, 1891, New York, pp. 586-587. Good description of various tin mines of Bolivia, associated ores, manner of working, difficulties of transportation. Most important deposits are situated among the mountain ranges bordering the table-land to the east and northeast of Oruro and Lake Poopo, and are scattered over some 500 square miles. General country rock is shale, more or less highly inclined and contorted from eruptions of trachytiec porphyry; the tin veins occur in the latter. 1638. Mincnin, J. B. Mineral resources of Bolivia. Tron, Vol. 37, No. 962, 1891, London, p. 586. 164. ————. The mineral resources of Bolivia. (Tin mines.) Engineering, Vol. 51, 1891, London, p. 453. Tin-bearing country extends along eastern border of Bolivian table-land from lake Titicaca to near the Argentine boundary. At Potosi and Oruro tin is ‘asso- ciated with ores of silver, in other places, found alone or mixed with iron oxide and earthy matter. Country rock is shale, inclined and contorted from eruptions of trachytic porphyry; the tin veins occur in the latter rock. Mode of occurrence varies even in one group of mines. Country lacks adequate mining machinery. © 165. ————. Tin in Bolivia. Mo. Bull. Int. Bur. Amer. Repub., No. 55, 1892. Revised to July 1, 1893, Washington, D. C., pp. 74-78. Short, general, descriptive article, probably taken from his ‘‘ Tin mines in Bolivia,*? Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 51, 1891, New York, pp. 586-587. 166. ———. Notes on tin mining in Bolivia. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 75, 1908, New York, p. 31. Reprint with additions: Mo. Bull. Int. Bur. Amer, Repub., 1904, Washington, D. C., pp. 107-116. Mines are briefly described. Tin ore occurs chiefly at La Paz on the north, Oruro in the middle, Chorolque on the south and Potosi on the east. Huanuni is richest tin district. Transportation by pack mules, llamas and wagons. The best tin is said to come from Berenguela, 45 miles east of Oruro. Mines were formerly worked for silver. Some of the tin ore is very hard to handle on account of the large amount of antimony and other sulphides. Tin mining develops as transportation becomes easier. 350 tons barilla (concentrates) estimated to give 210 tons of bar tin. Output of barilia for 1902: 1901: a Paraiso OQPESG ue EME Cn mee ter cra ae cis syatele erersiaisia cielo mieten ONTO Orono Wercoctceetase cies 96,981 <* Eons Waycychtta oT pYollcia/aleyabeXevarelateneie craleioscicrarerate 100,206 Chorolque ......... 13,865) “S SEO) vcketetes afepeepts 0-0 sterolayae ds aeeiers ster sfs 89,175) PUstosi . "iecterereypietace BO 20Le Se Dies Mipidlere elon c cleaieke oeisireteceteisac es 68,998 42 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vont. 58 BOLIVIA (Continued) 167. . Tin in Bolivia. Min. Ind. for 1902, Vol. 11, 1903, New York and London, pp. 588-590. General description of tin deposits of Bolivia, methods of working, grade of ore, production, ete. 168. ————. Tin production in Bolivia. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 77, 1904, New York, p. 244. Production of tin from mines in the neighborhood of Oruro. Description of the individual mines. 169. Bolivian tin mines. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 79, 1906, London, p. 861, 450 words. Reprint: Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 81, 1906, New York, p. 810. A letter dated Oruro, Bolivia, Jan. 26, 1906, giving a short general description of the Bolivian tin mining industry. : 170. NewLanp, D. H. Production of Bolivian mines for 1908. Min. Ind., Vol. 12, 1904, New York and London, pp. 329-830. Mines in vicinity of Oruro briefly treated. 171. OcusENtus, C. Die Silber-Zinnerz-Lagerstaétten Bolivias. Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges., Vol. 49, 1897, Berlin, pp. 693-695. 171la. OLAECHEA, T. El estafio en Bolivia. 172 Bol. Min. Indust. Constr., No. 7, ano, 18, 1902, Lima, pp. 51-53 and No. 8, pp. 59-62. ‘““ From an interesting article by Frochot, printed in ‘* Annales des Mines,’’ we extract the points which may be the most directly useful to national [i. e. Peruvian] mining; although the metal referred to has only been known to exist in the department of Puno, it will not be strange if some day, owing to the mineral wealth of the Peruvian soil, tin may be found as a result of new explorations, in conditions where it can be conveniently worked.’’ Then follow extracts from Frochot’s article. . Pastry, Cuas. S. The tin mines of Bolivia. Trans. Inst. Mg. Met., Vol. 7, 1898-1899, London, pp. 77-90, 95. Digest: Min. Ind. for 1898, Vol. 7, 1899, New York and London, pp. 707-718. Abstract: Coll. Guard., Vol. 77, 1899, London, p. 18. Fawns, Sydney.—Tin deposits of the world, pp. 112 et al. Tin mines in East Cordilleras. Rocks Silurian graywacke, slate, shales, and sandstone, cut by granite and later ‘‘ porphyritiec rocks.’? Trachyte in south. Formerly worked at Huanuni by Spaniards down to 1000 feet carrying ore out on their backs, two trips a day, 75 pounds per trip. Many rich veins from 1 foot to 30 feet wide and carrying up to 50 per cent tin. Mines located at from 18,000 feet to 15,000 feet altitude. Freights high. Fuel scarce. Tourmaline found with ores. Much antimony, pyrite, bismuth, and arsenic, with some silver, copper, and gold. Pearce, R. See No. 1630. 172a. PENA, ALFONSO DE LA. La explotacién de minerales de estanio en Bolivia. Geol. Minas, Vol. 2, 1907-1908, Buenos Aires, pp. 336-339. 173. PENBERTHY, JoHN. Tin mining in Bolivia. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 82, 1906, New York, p. 458. Deposits of Bolivia are both lode and alluvial. Principal centers of production are Chorolque, Potosi, Uncia and Huanuni. The transportation to shipping points — NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 43 BOLIVIA (Continued) depends upon rainfall, since absence of grass paralyzes transport which is carried on by mules and llamas. The labor problem is one of great difficulty. With present price of tin, all mines are worked to limit; but it is improbable that there will be an increase in production in the near future owing to the excessive difficulties here encountered. 174. ———. Tin mining in Bolivia. Amer. Mg. Rey., November 7, 1908, Los Angeles, p. 1, pl. 1. Abstract of paper read beofre Roy. Cornwall Polyt. Soc. of England. Briefly describes the tin mines and mining conditions existing in Bolivia. See No. 467. PENFIELD, S. L. See No. 16381. PuHitties, J. A.. and Louis H. See No. 1350. 175. Preumont, G. The Bolivian tin mining industries and railways. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 88, 1908, London, pp. 5-6, 65-66. Bolivia presents after the Malayan States the most interesting field for tin mining. Since ore occurs mostly in lodes, it has, in many respects an advantage over those countries depending on alluvial grounds, which are rapidly becoming depleted. Most of the mines are comparatively yet in virgin ground. The possibility of the output increasing rapidly, is largely dependent on better and cheaper methods of transportation. Hence the outlook for railway development is treated at length. 176. ———. Northern tin fields of Bolivia. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 83, 1908, London, pp. 160, 249, 314. Gives location, geographic and climatic description of country in which tin deposits occur. The tin-bearing lodes seem to bear no direct relation to the granite core of the mountains, but occur in quartzite on their western flanks. This quartzite is neither very continuous nor very wide, but all areas of it have been found to be stanniferous. The tin fields of Milluni, Quimsa Cruz, Araca and Ichoca occur in such areas. Describes in detail the Huaina-Potosi, Milluni, Araca, Quimsa Cruz, and Santa Vela Cruz fields, Prior, G. T. See No. 1636. Describes teallite. 177. Punnett, H. MAcauLry. The tin deposits of Bolivia. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 338, 1863, London, pp. 408, 443, 479, 498, 554. Enumeration and description of principal tin districts of Bolivia and mddes of working mines, crushing and washing of ores. Routker, CHAs. M. See No. 13857. 178. Roserrs, MALtcotm. Chorolque tin mines and alluvial deposits, Bolivia. Trans. Inst. Mg. Met., Vol. 9, 1900-1901, London, pp. 372-376. Geography, geology, mineralogy; description of the mines and their working, also a description of the alluvial deposits. 179. ———. Notes on Chorolque tin mines and alluvial deposits, Bolivia. Trans. Inst. Mg. Met., Vol. 12, 1902-1908, London, pp. 404-405, Additions to paper in Trans. Inst. Mg. Met., Vol. 9, 1900-1901, London, pp. 372-376, giving further details of the geology. 180. RomaNA, Epuarpo A. L. pe. Una inspecién de los yacimientos de estano de Bolivia y una exploraci6n por el mismo metal en el Pert. Boletin Cuerpo de Ingenieros de Minas del Peri No. 57, 1908, Lima, pp. 99, figs. 26, maps 2.. 44 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 BOLIVIA (Continued) Abstract: Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 84, 1908, London, pp. 37-88, 91-92. Reviews the uses and production of tin to p. 81; describes Bolivian deposits and their production to p. 68. The remainder of the bulletin describes investigations in the provinces of Huancane and Chucuito, department of Prenc. Tin was found at but one place in Peru, on the mountain Calvario in Vilque Chico, where it occurs with lead. 180a. RumMBoLD, WILLIAM R. Origin of the Bolivian tin deposits. Econ. Geol., Vol. 4, 1909, Lancaster, pp. 821-864, map, figs. 31. Abstract: Mg. World, Vol. 31, 1909, Chicago, pp. 1063-1066. Map. The tin ore occurs in Devonian quartzite and quartzite-schist and in quurtz porphyry cutting these, The Concordia lode is in a breccia in a fissure, part of which is occupied by quartz porphyry. Besides cassiterite, the lode carries siderite, tourmaline, sphalerite, and_ pyrite. ‘ The Elisa and Coya lodes as exposed where worked, are similar to the Concordia. The Monte Blanco mine, besides having lodes, has schistose quartzite, carrying cassiterite and tourmaline between the lamine. The Barrosa Cota Mine works white quartz veins, carrying pyrite, magnetite, and tourmaline, with .cassiterite which in some places takes the form of wood tin. The San Roque and La Boliviania mines work the ‘‘ Gallofa ’’ lode, which carries iron oxide and pyrite, arsenical pyrite, chlorite, and tourmaline. There is no igneous rock exposed in the mine. At La Unificada Mine, Negro Pabellon, the lode carries cassiterite with iron oxide, quartz and barite. Wolframite occurs in veins and pockets of the quartz porphyry. In the Cataracagua lode at Huanuni, the writer thinks the cassiterite may have been deposited later than iron oxides, Little sulphide has been encountered along the lode. ; The Morococala mines are in an inlier of quartzite schist in andesite. A great flow of andesite covers much of the tin-bearing rocks and many of the tin mines are located around the edge of the andesite which, however, has no relation to the origin of the tin ores. The Antequera, Totoral, and Avicaya mines at Chualla Grande are on impregnation lodes in quartzite and carry cassiterite, quartz, tourmaline, iron pyrite, and less chalcopyrite. In most of the Llallagua and Uncia veins, there is little impregnation but the walls are slickensided. ‘The average width of the veins is about 2 feet. They carry much iron oxide in the upper portions; below that, sulphides of iron, bismuth, arsenic, antimony, a little silver, and traces of gold. There is no stannite. The writer considers these to be the richest tin mines in Bolivia and probably in the world. The San José lode is 2 metres wide and carries 20 per cent tin. The San Salvadora lode is 2 feet wide and is said to carry 25 per cent tin in dense sulphides. Jt also ecntains values in bismuth and silver. He claims that with proper handling, the barilla could be made as clean as the tin concentrates from the Malay Peninsula and cleaner than those from Cornwall. Descriptions of numerous microscopic sections by Charles P. Berkey are quoted. Spencer, L. J. See No. 1641. 181. SreInMAN, G. Ueber die Zinnerzlagerstatten Bolivias. Monatsber. deutsch. geol. Ges., No. 1, 1907, Berlin, pp. 7-9. Translation: Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 81, 1907, London, pp. 453-454. Translation: Informaciones y Memorias, Boletin de la Sociedad de Ingenieros, Vol. 9, 1907, Lima, pp. 183-186. Gives geological data on the tin deposits of Bolivia, additional to that. published by Stelzner. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 45 BOLIVIA (Continued) 182. STELZNER, ALFRED W. Zinnerzlagerstétten von Bolivia. Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges., Vol. 44, 1892, Berlin, pp. 531-533. Also, Zeitschr. prakt. Geol., 1893, Berlin, pp. 81-82. Digest: Min. Mag. Journ. Min. Soe., Vol. 10, 1893, London, pp. 261-262. Digest: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1898, II (Ref.), Stuttgart, p. 81. ““Tin ores in South American Cordilleras are restricted to a zone extending from the 15th to the 2Ist degree of latitude. In paragenesis and mode of oceurrence they offer a remarkable contrast to the tin ores of other countries. The ore is seldom in crystals but usually crypto-crystalline, kidney-shaped, or compact. The usual tourmaline, topaz, fluorite, apatite, ete., are almost entirely absent. Instead of these the tin ore is accompanied by stannite and other sulphides. Frequently the tin is restricted to the upper portion of a vein, its place being taken lower down by argentiferous fahlerz, pyrite, and (locally) galena and zine blende. In its geological occurrence, the tin ore is remarkable, occurring in association, not with granite, but with trachytes and andesites referred to a late Cretaceous or early Tertiary age.’’ 1838. ———. Die Silber-Zinnerzlagerstatten Bolivias. Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges., Vol. 49, 1897, Berlin, pp. 51-142, map and bibliography. Kin Beitrag zur Naturgeschichte des Zinnerzes. Review: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1891, I (Ref.), Stuttgart, pp. 481-483. ——. See No. 1642. 184. Wenpt, A. F. The Potosi, Bolivia, silver-district. Trans. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 19, 1891, New York, pp. 90-91. ““An almost constant accompaniment of the silver ores of Potosf, and of a great many of the silver ores of the plateau of Bolivia, is binoxide of tin, in the shape of gray or yellow oxide. Some of the silver veins are very rich in the oxide of tin, notably so the Tajo-polo and the Veta Estaiio, which was named after its contents of tin.’’ The country rock is rhyolite. BURMAH 185. ANonyMous. Maliwan tin mines [Mergui district]. Ind. Eng. July 20, 1889, Calcutta, pl. 1. Reprint: Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 48, 1889, New York, p. 182. Digest: Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., Vol. 98, pt. 4, 1889, London, pp. 468-469. Description of the almost deserted tin mines of Mergui, near Renaung. Veins of tin-sand are found at the surface, mined in open workings by shallow pits from 10 to 12 feet deep. Sand is raised by ladders from the mines and washed. Two smelting furnaces are situated at Maliwan. Output per day is 15 to 16 blocks of tin of 106 pounds each, bringing about Rs. 60 at Penang. 186. ———. Tin in Burmah. Min. Ind. for 1900, Vol. 9, 1901, New York and London, p. 639. 187. ———. Tin in Burma. Mg. World, Vol. 24, 1906, Chicago, p. 96. Tin occurs in alluvial deposits all along the water courses, covering an area nearly 200 miles in length, by an average breadth of 40 miles. At Maliwan both vein and alluvial tin mining is carried on. 46 188. 189. 190. HOS OSs 194. 196. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 BURMAH (Continued) Foss, K. MAckrenzir. The occurrence of tin and gold in Lower Burma. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 76, 1904, London, pp. 505-506. Describes an alluvial tin deposit at Henzai. Assayed 73 per cent tin; one ,particular assay went 48 ounces of gold to ton, and 50 per cent metallic tin. Deposit contains considerable copper and wolframite. Worked by natives in erude manner. Some 28 miles inland from Mergui tin, coal and gold found. Mr. T. W. H. Hughes reported favorably on these deposits. FryAR, MARK. Burma. Indian Economist, 1872, Calcutta, pp. 445-459. Not available to the authors, Grunpby, JAMES. Mineral production of India. Trans. Manchester Geol. Soc., Vol. 28, 1902-1904 (1905), Manchester, p. 14. Tin is mentioned as occurring in Lower Burma. Relatively of small economic importance. ‘Trade is trifling. Practically all the tin mined is used in India. HeEtrer, J. W. Letter on tin, iron, etc., from Tenasserim. Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Vol. 7, 1888, Caleutta, p. 171. Expresses himself as ‘‘ greatly satisfied ’’ with tin mines of Tenasserim district. “‘They are very rich and very extensive.’’ . HoLuanp, T. H. Tin ore in Burma. Ree. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. 31, 1904, Calcutta, p. 43. Note on discovery of a tin-bearing greisen in Tenasserim. Hucues, T. W. H. Tin-mining in Mergui District. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. 22, pt. 8, 1889, Calcutta, pp. 188-208. Sketch map 1. Partly reprinted in Sydney Fawns’, ‘‘ lin deposits of the world,’’? pp. 39-41. Has but little hope for lode mining. Stream tin is generally distributed through the gravels. Jungle thick so that exploration is difficult. Mines worked by Chinese, and ore is smelted at the mines. List of mines given. ———. Report on the prospecting operations, Mergui district. Ree. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. 26, 1891-1892 (18938), Calcutta, pp. 40-53. Confirms previous reports that tin deposits are large and accessible enough to be worked profitably under economical management. Geology of country gives reason to hope that both north and east of country prospected, other paying tin deposits may be found. « 5. Kine, Witt. Tin in Tenasserim. Ree. Geol. Surv. India, Annual Report for 1888, Vol. 22, pt. 1, 1889, Calcutta, p. 11; for 1889, Vol. 238, pt. 1, 1890, Calcutta, p. 8; for 1890, Vol. 24, pt. 1, 1891, Cal- cutta, pp. 9-10; for 1891, Vol. 25, pt. 1, 1892, Calcutta, p. 8; for 1892, Vol. 26, pt. 1, 1893, Calcutta, p. 4. Outlines progress in opening up this new district. Lemon, CHAS. and TREMENHEERE, G. B. Reports on the tin of Province of Mergui, in Tenasserim, in the northern part of the Malayan Penin- sula. \ Trans. Roy. Geol. Soe. Cornwall, Vol. 6, 1846, Penzance, pp. 68-75. Description of the occurrences of stream tin in Mergui. States that cassiterite is also found in granite dikes which cut sandstone. Both forms of deposits said to be large, especially these of stream tin. NO.. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS AY BURMAH (Continued) 197. Lock, C. G. WArRNForp. Tin in Burmah. Economic Mining, 1895, New York, p. 623. ‘**Burmah is the great source of Indian tin supplies. In the Tenasserim division, tinstone is very plentiful, every stream bed near Maliwun in Mergui yielding the metal when washed. Dr. Oldham states main source of all the Tenasserim tin is the granite range separating province from Siam, where it exists as an essential ingredient of the mass of rock.*’ f 198. OtpHAM, T. Remarks on papers and reports relative to the discovery of tin and other ores in the Tenasserim provinces. Sel. Ree. Bengal Gov., Vol. 6, 1852, Caleutta, pp. 33-44. Also: Papers on the geology and minerals of British Burmah, 1882, Calcutta, pp. 366-375. Not available to the authors. 199. ————. Notes on the coal-fields and tinstone deposits of the Tenasserim provinces. Sel. Ree. Gov. India, Vol. 10, 1856, Calcutta, pp. 31-67. Also: Papers on the geology and minerals of British Burmah, 1882, Calcutta, pp. 375-406. Not available to the authors. Reyer, Epuarp. See No. 1354. 200. Roytr, —. On the tin mines of Tenasserim province. London, Edinburgh, Dublin Philos. Mag. Journ. Sci., ser. 8, Vol. 24, 1844, London, pp. 63-65, In 1887 tin was discovered near Lake Loadut, about 110 miles north-northeast of Maulmain, and in 1840 the country north of the Pakchan River was. reported to be the richest stanniferous district within the Tenasserim provinces. Ore is found in the debris of primitive rocks, and the range is said to be a continuation of the Siamese tin district of Rinowng. In an hour and a half 11,889 grains of tin were collected in the vicinity of the coal mines on Great Tenasserim River. 201. Snow, A. B. Tin mining in Lower Burma. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 78, 1905, London, p. 247. Describes alluvial tin-bearing ground as covering an area nearly 200 miles long with an average breadth of about 40 miles along the water courses. At Maliwfin both lode and alluvial mining is carried on. Veins are from 1 inch to 6 feet wide. Mining is done in most primitive manner by natives. Climatic conditions are favorable. 202. THEOBALD, W. Metalliferous resources of British Burmah. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. 6, pt. 4, 1878, Calcutta, pp. 91-93. ‘“* Beyond some workings near Malee-wan on the Pakchan River, the ore is nowhere systematically worked on a large scale within British territory. South of the Pakchan stream the richness of the tin washings is derived from the degradation of a stanniferous granite, in which the tinstone occurs as one of the integral constituents of the rock.’’ 203. TREMENHEERE, G. B. Report on the tin of the Province of Mergui. Journ, Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Vol. 10, 1841, Calcutta, pp. 845-851. Additions to report, Vol. 11, 1842, Calcutta, pp. 24, 289. Also, Caleutta Journ. Nat. Hist., Vol. 3, 1848, Calcutta, pp. 47-54. + Sei. Ree. Bengal Goy., Vol. 6, 1852, Calcutta, pp. 5-11; papers on the geology and minerals of British Burmah, 1882, pp. 350-356. Not available to the authors. 48 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 BURMAH (Continued) 204. ————. Second report on the tin of Mergui. Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Vol. 11, 1842, Calcutta, pp. 839-851. Gives more complete description of the tin-bearing ground and of the methods of working, than in earlier report. 205. ————. Report of a visit to the Pakchan River, and some tin localities in the southern portion of the Tenasserim provinces. Journ, Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Vol. 12, 1848, Calcutta, pp. 528-534, map. Malewan is only spot in Province where people have located for the purpose of collecting tin. Do not work veins, stream tin alone is collected. Not possible to work except in rainy season, at which time one man can extract four rupees worth of tin per day. Mining done by Chinese. Country rock is granite. 206. ———. Report, etc., with information concerning the price of tin ore of Mergui. ; Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Vol. 14, 1845, Calcutta, pp. 329-8382. 207. WartH, H. Burmah tin deposits. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 54, 1892, New York, p. 449. Reprint: Min. Ind. for 1892, Vol. 1, 1898, New York and London, p. 450. The tin deposits are of two kinds: Ist. Tin gravels found in all or most of the valleys. Gravels are a mixture of quartz, garnet, black tourmaline and gray cassiterite. 2d. Tin-bearing deposits in original eruptive rock, which is weathered so that it is possible to wash out grains of whitish cassiterite which it contains. The yield from deposits of second class near Malewan was only 0.04 per cent of impure wash tin. CALIFORNIA 208. ANONymMous. Sur les mines d’or, d’argent et d’étain récemment décou- vertes dan les environs de Los Angeles [Cal.]. Ann. Mines, ser. 6, Vol. 16, 1869, Paris, pp. 599-600. 209. ———-. California tin. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 64, 1892, San Francisco, p. 261. Announcement of the first shipment of pig tin from Temescal, Cal., to New York, which consisted of 22,000 pounds, the output of two weeks. Said to be equal to Straits Settlement tin. 210. ————. The California tin mines. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 58, 1892, New York, p. .49. Short account of progress of San Jacinto tin mine during 1891. Outlook bright. Tin raised for 1891 placed at 123,366 pounds having a gross value of $24,673.. 211. ———. Tin in California. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 82, 1901, San Francisco, p. 209. “The metal from Bishop Creek, Inyo Co., Cal., is tin.’? (Given to show possible tin-bearing locality.) 2. BENEDICT, WILLIAM, DE L. The San Jacinto (Cal.) tin mines. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 50, 1890, New York, pp. 450-458. Editorial on same, p. 447. Briefly reviews the unsuccessful attempts made to exploit tin mines in the United ene States, and the history of the San Jacinto deposits, the metal in which was long i thought to be silver. Compares the deposits with those of Cornwall, and gives an epitome of the several reports upon the deposits from which he decides that the deposits should be developed before extensive works are erected. bo — bo NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN——HESS 49 CALIFORNIA (Continued) 213. ———. Tin in California. Min. Ind. for 1892, Vol. 1, 1898, New York and London, pp. 452-453 Descriptive, historical, statistical. 269,000 pounds pig tin produced to the time of closing down in September, 1892. 214. Buaxr, WiLLIAM P. Occurrence of tin [wood tin] in California, Idaho and Montana. 2d Rep. State Mineralogist, California, 1880-1882 (1882), Sacramento, appendix, pp. 216-218. California: Tin specimens found in Feather River, Plumas Co. Montana: Stream tin occurs in many streams of the granitic region of the Bitter Root Mts.; in some localities in sufficient quantities to justify the hope that wash- ing for this ore may be profitable. The many points at which this ore is found in Montana and Idaho indicate that it has a wide and general distribution in the granite region of the Northwest. 215. FAIRBANKS, HAarotp W. Geology of the Temescal tin district. 11th Rep. Cal. State Mg. Bureau, 1898, Sacramento, pp. 111-118. Describes the geologic features of the region and the system of tin veins. 216. ————. The tin deposits at Temescal, Southern California. Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, Vol. 4, 1897, New Haven, pp. 39-42. Also, Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 75, 1897, San Francisco, p. 362. Digests: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1899, I (Ref.), Stuttgart, pp. 23-24, 86-87. Geological description of the district, and of the occurrence of tin. 217. Garrison, F. Lynwoop. Tin in the United States. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 78, 1904, New York, p. 830. The Temescal tin mine is described. 218. Hanks, H. G. Cassiterite. 4th Rep. California State Mg. Bureau, 1884, Sacramento, pp. 115-123. Gives a short general dissertation upon the occurrence of tin; describes its ores; gives a list of the alloys of tin and their uses; enumerates the principal localities where tin is found; and describes the Temescal mines, 219. Jackson [J. R. (?)]. Sur la découverte de minerais d’étain en Cali- fornie. (Extraits d’une lettre.) C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 50, 1860, Paris, pp. 105-106. 220. Knigut, EnocH. Temescal tin mines. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 53, 1892, New York, p. 276, pl. 3. At writing (end of year 1891), Temescal tin mines (San Jacinto) have produced the first and only American tin ever sent to the market. Description and reports of mine given. Onty, J. See No. 1215. 221. Rorsster, —. New California tin mine. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 8, 1869, New York, p. 371. Editorial on same, p. 3877. Announces the discovery of tin near San Jacinto, California. Brief review of California tin mining. - 222. West, H. E. Tin in California. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 79, 1905, New York, pp. 852-853. History, occurrence, and milling and metallurgy of the Temescal mines, 50 bo bo — SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 CALIFORNIA (Continued) . WHITNEY, J. D. Tin in Temescal range. Geol. Surv. of California. (Geology), Vol. 1, 1865, Philadelphia, pp. 180-181. Synopsis of the field work from 1860-1864. During 1860-1861 the Temescal range was a scene of great excitement on the subject of tin. Description of the ore and its occurrence given. CANADA . ANonyMous. Discovery of tin in Canada. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 81, 1907, London, p. 305. Also, Can. Mg. Rev., Vol. 28, 1907, Montreal, pp. 39-40. Reports discovery of tin near New Ross, Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia. Only slight development, and economie value is unknown. ‘Tin is found in small quantities in numerous other localities in Canada. States that tin has been discovered in Laurentian rocks in Greenland. 225. Berts, A. G. Electrolytic lead-refining. Trans. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 34, 1908, New York, pp. 180. Tin is found in electrolytically refined lead at Trail, B. C., to the extent of 0.02 per cent. A number of analyses given show from 0.0012 to 0.0140 per cent of tin. Small amounts of Cu, Bi, As, Sb, Ag, Au, Fe and Zn are found in the bullion. 226. Brock, R. W. Tin in British Columbia. 227. 228 229 Summ. Rep. Geol. Surv. Dep. Canada for 1902 (1903), Ottawa, p. 130. “Tin is reported to have been found near Long Lake, British Columbia, but no information could be obtained regarding the exact locality. It is quite possible that traces may occur in connection with the intrusions of granite rock in that part of the district. But no alterations of these rocks were observed, such as take place where tin occurs in commercial quantities.’’ (Whole ref.) FAIRIBAULT, E. RopoLpHe. Lunenberg County, Nova Scotia. Summ. Rep. Geol. Surv. Dep. Canada for 1907 (1908), Ottawa, pp. 80-82. Tin oxide was found in sand at Tangier in 1868, and later at Shelbourne, Raw- don and Country Harbour in drift. On the Reeves claim at New Ross, tin is found in a pegmatite dike containing large quartz crystals, and is accompanied by scheelite, wolframite, and amblygonite. In the granites near New Ross, besides the minerals named there have been found monazite, one of the columbite minerals, durangite, lepidolite, hiibnerite, molybdenite, zine blende, beryl, apatite, tourmaline, fluorite, pyrolusite, manganite, limonite, hematite, magnetite, siderite, bismuthinite, argentiferous galena, copper, iron pyrites, and arsenical pyrites. Quartz crystals reach 27 inches long and 10 inches thick. The ameunt of tin so far shown seems to be insignificant. Traces of tin were found in pegmatite 6 miles south of Reeves claim. Bismuthinite and molybdenite were found in a dike of quartz and aplite 1 mile south of New Ross corner. Tungsten and rare-earth ores were found 1 mile east of New Ross corner. (See Report for 1906, p. 91.) . HorrMan, G. C. Cassiterite, var. wood-tin. Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Canada, n. s., Vol. 12, 1899 [1902], Ottawa, pp. 16 R-17 R. Small pebbles of wood-tin found in all tributaries of the Klondike River, most frequently in Bonanza and Hunter creeks. . INGALLS, WALTER RENTON; ARGALL, PHILIP; and GARDE, A. C. Report of the commission appointed to investigate the zine resources of British Columbia and the conditions affecting their exploitation. Mines Branch, 1906, Ottawa, pp. 15-16. ee el NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 51 CANADA (Continued) Tin has been shown to occur to the extent of 0.17 per cent in zine ore from the Payne mill, near Sandon, Slocan district, B. C., and traces of tin are reported in lead at the Trail smelter, the ore of which is supposed to have come from the Slocan district. 230. OSANN, A. Oxide of tin. Ann. Rep. Geol. Sury. Canada, n. s., Vol. 12, 1899 (1902), Ottawa, pp. 720-730. A very small quantity of cassiterite was found in graphitic gneiss derived from limestone, at Graphite City in the Ottawa Valley, Canada. Proved by this test: ““Tt was dissolved in a borax bead colored slightly blue by copper monoxide; the bead assumed a ruby color or became opaque, resembling red sealing wax.’’ Occurs with rutile, augite, quartz, titanite, pyrite. 231. Wotr, A. G. The Betts process at Trail, British Columbia. A thesis submitted to the Colorado State School of Mines for the degree of E. M. Read before West. Assn. Tech. Chem. and Met., April, 1907. Mines and Min., Aug., 1907, Scranton, pp. 11-15. Mg. World, August 31, 1907, Chicago, pp. 355-356; September 14, 1907, Chicago, pp. 438-439, States that the refined lead made contains .301 per cent of tin, with small quantities of Ag, As, Sb and Fe. 232. Younc, G. A. The tin-bearing locality at New Ross, N. S. Summ. Rep. Geol. Surv. Dept. of Canada for 1907 (1908), Ottawa, p. 77. Gives geologic description of the tin bearing area near New Ross, CAPE COLONY 233. ANoNyMousS. The Kuils River tin field. Mg. World, Vol. 25, 1906, Chicago, p. 213. Large extent of alluvial ground; estimated that there is in sight ten million dol- lars worth of ore. Even the overburden is highly payable. Abundance of water. Country rock mainly granite mostly of fine structure, in places passing into syenite, belonging to the Cape system. Hills are traversed in a north and south direction by bands of greisen, with closely associated quartz lodes dipping to the east. 233a. ———. Kuils River tin mines. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. §2, 1907, London, p. 212. Taken from ‘‘ The Cupe Argus,’? July 22, 1907. A newspaper description of the tin placers on the Kuils River, 18 miles from Cape Town. States that much of the cassiterite is in very fine particles and that the tailings are being worked. 233b. ————. The tin deposits of Cape Peninsula. South African Mg. Rev., December, 1908, Johannesburg, pp. 2. Not available to the authors. 233e. ————. Tin mining in the Cape Peninsula. . South African Mg. Journ., Vol. 7, pt. 2, 1909, Johannesburg, p. 221. Treats of new developments and promising outlook, with comments on Kuils River deposits. ——. See No. 1047. 234. GrirrirHs, Harry D. Notes on tin mining in Cape Colony. Journ. Chem. Met. Min. Soc. South Africa, Vol. 8, 1907-1908, Johannesburg, pp. 167- 181, figs. 6, illus. 2. 52 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. ‘58 CAPE COLONY (Continued) Abstract: Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 88, 1908, London, pp. 119-120. Describes Kuils River tin deposits which are located some 1744 miles southeast of Capetown in hills composed of gray granite, coarsely porphyritic in structure with large quantity of biotite. Ore occurs both as lode and alluvial. Methods and cost of working given. 234a,. ————. New methods of concentrating alluvial tin. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 84, 1908, London, p. 56. ““ Deseribes the new methods introduced at the Kuils River tin mines, Cape Colony, which consist in effecting a coarse concentration by means of a rotary pan similar to that used in diamond washing, and then cleaning the rough concentrates in a hydraulic separator to the grade required.”’ 235. Keyzer, S. S. Tin in Cape Colony. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 80, 1906, London, p. 8. Description of lode and alluvial deposits occurring in Cape Colony, between Kuils River and Stellenbosch. 235a. Waaner, P. A. Notes on the tin deposits in the vicinity of Capetown. Trans, Geol. Soc. South Africa, Vol. 12, 1909, Johannesburg, pp. 102-111, pl. 1 and figs. 2. Describes the lode tin deposits at Langverwacht, Hazendal, Welbeloond, Papkuils- fontein, and Hoogekrall and detrital deposits at Langverwacht (Kuils River). The first two occur in quartz veins in white granite dikes cutting granite. The veins carry cassiterite, wolframite, molybdenite, arsenopyrite, pyrite and a little tourmaline. The other three are quartz veins cutting slates, and are accompanied by much more tourmaline, arsenopyrite and pyrite. At Papkuilsfontein an assay from one vein showed: Sn = 12.9 per cent. Bie 0:27 ee Cu = trace. As = 21.78 sé Au = 2 dwts. 3 gr. per ton. Ag =1 oz. 12 dwts. per ton. Cassiterite impregnates the country rock, more or less, at all the places. Fluorite and topaz are absent and no other fluorine-bearing minerals are noted. NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA 236. ANoNyMous. Tin in North and South Carolina. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 86, 1908, San Francisco, p. 300. New tin veins have been discovered which give more promise than those formerly known. Manner of occurrence described. Ore strongly resembles the greisen of some of the Black Hills tin mines, although usually more decomposed. 237. ————. Tin ore in North Carolina. Mg. World, Vol. 21, 1904, Chicago, pp. 174-175, photos 3, sketches 2. Treated under the heads: geology of the deposits; development work; description of veins; equipment; history of development. 238. ————. Tin in South Carolina. Mg. Rep., Vol. 50, 1904, Denver, pp. 65-66. Notice of the discovery of tin in South Carolina on the Ross place. 239. ———. Tin in the Carolinas. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 82, 1906, New York, p. 823. “Tin is present in exceedingly irregular pegmatite dikes, as cassiterite, which occurs only as an original constituent of the pegmatite. This mineral is not evenly distributed through the dikes, but is generally segregated or concentrated along certain lines.’’ Unimportant. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HFESS 53 NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA (Continued) 239a. Batt, S. Mays. Tin deposits of the Carolinas. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 87, 1909, New York, pp. 1139-1140. Gives brief history of the tin discovery, descriptions of the Ross Mine and other deposits and account of the tin produced in the Carolinas, 240. BenepicTt, WM. pe L. Tin in North Carolina. Min. Ind. for 1892, Vol. 1, 1893, New York and London, p. 455, King’s Mountain tin deposit treated. The climate of district is very favorable to the disintegration of the rocks, as a result the small gullies running down sides of ledge contain much stream tin in places. Doubtful if ore can be mined at a profit. 241. DaBNry, CHAS. W. Note on cassiterite from King’s Mountain, North Carolina. February, 1884, Raleigl, N. C., 2 page pamphlet. Also, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., 1884, Raleigh, pp. 79-81; Geol. North Caro- lina, Vol. 2, 1888, Raleigh, pp. 347-349. Brief outline of the discovery and author’s examination of the tin deposits at King’s Mountain. Two assays are given, one showing 74.41 per cent, the other 65.21 per cent tin. 242. FurMAN, JoHN H. The tin deposits of North Carolina. Trans. New York Acad. Sci., Vol. 8, 1889, New York, pp. 186-145, pls. 2, figs. Discussion, pp. 145-191. Location and history of the discovery of the deposits are given with a description of the geology of the occurrences. oO 242a, ————. The King’s Mountain tin region. The King’s Mountain Herald. Vol. 8, Aug. 8, 1905. States that cassiterite was discovered at King’s Mountain by Robert Claywell in 1888. Describes the geology of the region, the efforts to mine tin, and the reasons for failure. 243. Garrison, F. Lynwoop. Tin in the United States. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 78, 1904, New York, p. 831. The tin deposits of the Carolinas are treated among other deposits of the United States. 244, GentH, FreperiIcK A. The minerals of North Carolina. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 74, Washington, D. C., 1891, p. 35. Cassiterite found in 1882 near King’s Mountain. Short description and_ partial analysis given. 245. Graton, L. C. The Carolina tin belt. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 260, 1904, Washington, D. C., 1905, pp. 188-196. Digest: Mg. Mag., Vol. 11, 1905, New York, p. 477. Abstract: Iron Age, Vol. 75, II, 1905, New York, p. 1519. Development has not yet been sufficient to allow much valuable generalization or prediction regarding these deposits. The Carolina tin belt however, appears to offer a promising field for exploration. ‘The tin ore occurs in pegmatite dikes which cut across amphibolites and meta- morphosed sediments. There are two varieties of pegmatite. One composed almost exclusively of quartz and microcline, appears to carry no tin. The other, which is tin bearing, is characterized by muscovite in various forms, and plagioclase feld- spar, when any feldspar is present. Author believes the pegmatites are of igneous origin, and that the cassiterite is a primary constituent. What caused the segrega- tion of tin ore in certain parts of the dike is not known.’’—H. Ries. 2946. ————. Reconnaissance of some gold and tin deposits of the southern Appalachians. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull, 298, 1906, Washington, D. C., pp. 31-57. Extract: Mg. World, Vol. 25, 1906, Chicago, p. 634. 54 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS voL. 58 NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA (Continued) History of tin mining in the Carolinas; geology of tin belt; mining developments; economic importance of tin deposits. Practically the same article as that in Bull, 260. 247. Hess, Frank L. The Carolina tin deposits. Eng. Mag., Vol. 82, 1906, New York and London, pp. 10-20, plates 4, map 1. General geology of the region, with detailed description of the mines and a short discussion of their probable future, which he considers an unsolved question. Be- lieves cassiterite to be an original constituent of the pegmatite dikes in which it occurs. 248. Lepoux, ALBERT R. Tin in North Carolina. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 48, 1889, New York, pp. 521-522. About 2100 words. Describes King’s Mountain tin deposits, method of working and probable future. 249. See No. 254a. 250. PHiIttieps, W. B. Tin in North Carolina. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 43, 1887, New York, p. 111. Short discussion on the probability of finding tin in paying quantities in North Carolina. 251. Pratt, JOSEPH Hypr. Carolina tin belt. Min. Res. U. S., 1908, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1904, Washington, D. C., pp. 337-344. Geographic location; geology; mineralogical and chemical character of ore; pro- duction of tin from Carolina belt. An epitome of Pratt and Sterrett’s ‘‘ The tin deposits of the Carolinas.’’ See No. 252. 252. Pratt, JosepH Hyper, and Srerrerr, DouciAss B. The tin deposits of the Carolinas. North Carolina Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 19, 1904, Raleigh, pp. 64, figs. 8. Short abstract: Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, Vol. 20, 1905, New Haven, p. 75. Introduction ; geographical location; geology; mineralogical and chemical char- acter of the ore; associated minerals of the cassiterite; percentage of cassiterite in the veins; development work. Besides a description of the Carolina ores, a brief resume is given of the other deposits of the world. 253. SLtoAn, EARL. Mineral Resources of South Carolina. Rep. Proc. 7th Ann. Session, Amer. Min. Cong., Portland, Oregon, 1904, pp. 134-187. Brief account of the discovery of the Ross tin mine, near Gaffney, with descrip- tion of the vein as shown by work to date. STERRETT, DouGcLAss B. See No. 252. 254. ULxr, Tirus. The occurrence of tin ore at King’s Mountain, North Carolina, and near Vesuvius, Virginia. Min. Res. U. S. for 1893, U. S. Geol. Sury., 1894, Washington, D. C., pp. 178-182. Describes the character of the country rock of the two localities and the manner of oceurrence of the tin ore. 254a. VAN NESS, W. W., Jr. Tin in North Carolina. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 44, 1887, New York, p. 344. Short description of discovery and workings at King’s Mountain. CEYLON 255. CooMARASWAMyY, ANANDA K. Minerals containing rare elements, and associated minerals. Min. Surv., Ceylon Adm. Rep., 1904 (1905), Colombo, p. E. 10. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPILTY OF TIN—TJIESS 55 CEYLON (Continued) ° Note stating that cassiterite had been identified in a specimen of ‘‘ nambu ”’ from Niriella, near Ratnapura. 256. ————. Report on the occurrence of cassiterite (oxide of tin) in Ceylon. May, 1905, Colombo. 2 page pamphlet. About 450 words. Digest: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1906, Stuttgart, I (Ref.), p. 166. Small amount of stream tin found in gem washing at Niriella (Palle Pattuwa, Nawadun Korale, Sabaragamuwa). Of no commercial importance. Ilmenite occurs with it. Gives analysis. 257. COOMARASWAMY, A. K., and PARSONS, JAMES. Cassiterite. Min. Sury., Ceylon Adm. Rep., 19)5 (1906), Colombo, pp. E. 9-10. Report of investigation of stream tin at Niriella, Induwehena, near Dela, and in Kuruwita. None of the deposits are of economic importance. The cassiterite is supposed to come from the surrounding granite. Zircon, rutile, ilmenite, etc., are found with the cassiterite. 258. DUNSTAN, WynpHAM R. Report on cassiterite from Ceylon. 1905, Colombo. About 150 words. Published with article on cassiterite by Coom- araswamy, Mineralogical Survey of Ceylon. Pamphlet of 2 pages. ANALYSIS OF STREAM TIN FROM NIRIELLA. Stannic oxide ...... Bieta ehera nies she eroKelsieieisistrete levonerotsIsiecaiete eelciniereisistete 94.00 Ferric oxide 225". mifolaloieie aretelcietaterelsiefect lot cietsietsislersiels eisiets eVeistere! eve 0.86 Maneanous oxi dey. i more or less iso- lated ore chutes or chimneys in the red granite, (b) pegmatites and coarse granite con- taining large tin crystals, (c) alluvial or shed tin, probably derived from the rocks referred to in (b). 1189a. ————. The economic aspect of Waterberg tin field. South African Mg. Journ., Vol. 7, pt. 1, Nos. 337, 388, 1909, Johannesburg, pp. 695-699, 719-721. Describes various mines and reviews their prospects. UNITED STATES 1190. ANonymMous. Tin in America. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 58, 1888, London, p. 384. An enthusiastic outlook for American tin. 1191. ———. Our tin mines. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 54, 1892, New York, p. 98. Editorial. Treats of tin mining in the United States. 1192. ———-. Tin mining in United States. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 82, 1901, San Francisco, p. 148, illus. 2. Tin deposits of Southern California and South Dakota are recorded as only deposits in United States which might be made paying. Both are described, with brief history of South Dakota tin boom, and unsatisfactory results, : 1193. ————. Tin in United States. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 87, 1903, San Francisco, p. 117. Brief outline of tin developments in United States. Deposits of York, Alaska, are most promising, because unproven. The stone occurs there in abundance, though the veins have not been explored. 180 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 UNITED STATES (Continued) 1194. ————. Tin in United States. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 87, 1908, San Francisco, p. 282. Editorial. Giving brief outline of the tin mining industry of United States. 1195. ———-. The production of tin in 1903. Mg. Rep., Vol. 50, 1904, Denver, p. 632, 700 words. Editorial. Short review of tin deposits in United States and their outlook. 1196. ————. Tin in United States. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 89, 1904, San Francisco, p. 385. Rather general and brief review of tin deposits of the Carolinas; Black Hills of South Dakota; Southern California and Alaska. 1197. ————. Development of American tin deposits. Tron Age, December 8, 1904, New York, 1800 words. Review of the tin industry taken from the United States Geological Survey reports. 1198. ———. The search for tin. Mg. Rep., Vol. 51, 1905, Denver, pp. 624-625, 1500 words. “Gives a summary of places in the United States where tin ore is known to have been found, with a brief description of the mode of occurrence and means for determ- ining the mineral.’’ 1199. ————. Tin mining in United States. | Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 81, 1906, New York, pp. 474-475. Editorial on the prospect of profitably mining low grade tin ore in the United States. Breck, RicHaArp. See No. 1299. 1200. Benepict, Wm. Der L. Min. Ind. for 1892, Vol. 1, 1898, New York, pp. 452-457. Tin deposits of California, South Dakota, North Carolina, Virginia and Alabama treated. 1201. BLAKE, Wm. P. Occurrence of tin ore (wood-tin) in California, Idaho and Montana. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 45, 1882, San Francisco, p. 89. Stream tin has been found in the alluvions of the middle fork of the Feather River about 3 miles above Big Bar, in Plumas County, California. ““The many points at which the ore has been found in Montana and Idaho indicate that this important ore has a wide and general distribution in the granitic region of the northwest, particularly in the Rocky Mountains at the headwaters of the Missouri and in the western drainage, including the streams flowing from the Bitter Root range, especially in the Snake and the Salmon and their affluents.’’ 1202. ————. Ores of tin. Min. Res., U. S. Geol. Surv., 1883-1884, Washington, D. C., pp. 592-640. Contains chapters on: Ores of tin; origin of tin ore; tin ore in the New England ‘ States; tin ore localities in the Middle and Southern States; tin ore in the Black Hills of Dakota, in Wyoming, Idaho and Montana; tin ore in California; foreign J sources of tin; physical properties of tin; alloys of tin; the tin plate industry and prices, exports, etc. D’AcHrARDI, ANTONIO. See No. 13138. eo NO. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN——-HESS 181 UNITED STATES (Continued) 1203. Day, Davin T. Tin. Min. Res. U. S. for 1891, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1898, Washington, D. C., pp. 164-166. Treats of the development of the tin mines of United States during 1891. 1203a. ————. Tin. Mineral Industries of the United States. Eleventh Census. Census Office, 1892, Washington, D. C., pp. 249-265. Treats of the occurrence of tin in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Texas, California and South Dakota. The condi- tions of occurrence in the Black Hills is treated at some length, development work done, and a list of claims given. Also treats of the foreign production of tin. 1204. Doucias, Jas. Summary of American improvements and inventions in ore crushing and concentration, and in the metallurgy of copper, lead, gold, silver, nickle, aluminum, zinc, mercury, antimony and tin. Trans. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 22, 1894, New York, p. 343. “*Tin is widely diffused from Maine to Alabama in Appalachian Range, exploited from Dakota to California, but the mining of it so far has nowhere been sufficiently remunerative to create a smelting industry.”’ 1205. EmMens, StepHeN H. American tin mines. Eng. News Amer. Railw. Journ., Vol. 28, 1892, New York, pp. 484-486. Abstract of reports of J. Thomas and Lord Thurlow on Harney tin mines. Also brief review and prospects of the tin deposits in North Carolina, California and Virginia. 1206. Emmons, S. F. Geological distribution of useful metals in United States. Trans. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 22, 1893, New York, pp. 71-72. Describes the geological occurrence in different parts of the United States of iron, manganese, nickel, tin, copper, lead, zinc, quicksilver, gold and silver, and gives a summary of conclusions concerning the genesis of their minerals. FAawns, SypNEy. See No. 1320. Fucus, E., and Launay, L. pg. See No. 1323. 1207. Garrison, F. Lynwoop. Tin in the United States. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 78, 1904, New York, pp. 8380-832. Reprint: Min. Ind. for 1904, Vol. 13, 1905, New York and London, pp. 400-405, Brief review of history of discoveries of tin in this country. Summary of occur- rence in Black Hills, at Temescal, York River, Virginia, North and South Carolina. Compares United States deposits with those in different parts of the world. Gives average yield from some principal producers elsewhere. Short sketches of occurrence in Bolivia and Malay Archipelago. 1208. Heappen, W. P. Mineralogical notes, No. III. Proc. Colorado Sci. Soc., Vol. 8, 1906, Denver, pp. 167-173. Pp. 167-168 give an analysis of cassiterite (credited to ‘* Mecklenberg, N. C.,’’ but probably from further west or south in the tin belt), which contains SnO, 95.18, FeO, 1.11 and Ta,O0, 3.82. Sp. gr. 6.7671. Pp. 169-170: Cassiterite which he thinks resulted from the decomposition of stannite, from the Etta mine, South Dakota, gave SnO, 94.36, Ta,O, 2.42, Fe,O, 1.80, SiO, 1.00. Analyses of cassiterite from Herbert’s Placer and the Sammelias claim No, 3, Pennington County, South Dakota, showed only iron and SiO, as impurities. 1209. Hess, Frank L. Tin. Min. Res. U. S. for 1905, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1906, Washington, D. C., pp. 445-451. 182 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VoL. 58 UNITED STATES (Continued) 1210. ———.._ Tin. Min. Res. U. S. for 1906, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1907, Washington, D. C., pp. 543-549. The production of tin in the United States during the year is reviewed and esti- mates made of the world’s production. 1211. ———. Tin. Min. Res. U. 8. for 1907, Geol. Surv. 1908, Washington, D. C., pt. 1, pp. 725-729. Reviews briefly the production of tin in the United States, imports, market con- ditions and prices. Gives an estimate of the world’s production and the amount recovered in the United States from secondary sources. Similar articles were published in the volumes for 1908 and 1909. 1212. Kemp, J. F. Zinn in den Vereinigten Staaten von Nord-Amerika. Zeitschr. prakt. Geol., 1896, Berlin, p. 283. Brief paragraph stating different localities where tin has been found in the United States. 1213. Kemp, Jas. F. The ore deposits of the United States and Canada. 38d Edition, New York, 1900, pp. 441-444, fig. 1. Bibliography. Edition of 1898: pp. 273-274. Edition of 1895: pp. 324-325. General description of tin. Short account of deposits in Black Hills, Montana, Idaho, California, Virginia, North Carolina, Alabama, Maine, New Hampshire and Texas. The tin of Mexico is also briefly treated. 1214. LEoNHARD, GusTAv. Topographische Mineralogie der Vereinigten Staaten von Nord-Amerika. Neues Jahrb. Min., 1849, Stuttgart, p. 836. Tin is mentioned as occurring at Goshen, Massachusetts; Jackson, New Hampshire; and in Virginia. Lock, C. G. WARNForD. See No. 1338. Louis, Henry. See No. 1340. 1215. Ounty, J. Tin and its occurrence, mineralogy and metallurgy. Mg. Rep., Vol. 48, 1903, Denver, pp. 487-488, 509-510. Serial. 1st article describes the characteristics of tin and its occurrence in the United States and Alaska. 2d article gives brief history of Temescal (Cal.), ore deposits. Notes foreign localities where mostly produced, describes the ores of tin, and treats of the metal- lurgy of tin. 1216. PAvnoy, ALEXANDER W. Ueber einige neue Zinnlagerstitten der Verein- igten Staaten von Amerika. Bull. Mines Ind. or, Nos. 19 and 20, Tomsk, 1904, text figs. 2. (Russian.) Short description of tin deposits of El Paso (Texas) and Alaska (York Region). (Geol. Centr. Vol. 6, 1905, Leipzig, p. 200.) PHIL.LIps, J. A., and Louis, H. See No. 1350. 1217; PRATT TI. bl. wel un. Min. Res. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1904 (1905), Washington, D. C., pp. 877-380. Reviews briefly the production of tin in the United States and in other portions of the world. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—IIESS 183 UNITED STATES (Continued) 1218. R——_, N. Zinn in der Vereinigten Staaten. Zeitschr. prakt. Geol., 1898, Berlin, pp. 170-171. Brief notice of tin in South Dakota, California, Virginia. Outlook for tin pro- duction in United States not very bright. 1219. Raymonp, R. W. Occurrence of tin in the United States. Trans. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. I, 1871-1878, Philadelphia, pp. 374-375. Remarks following a paper by T. S. Hunt on tin in Maine, in which the ore from other states is discussed. RoLKerR, Cuas. M. See No. 1357. STRUTHERS, JOSEPH, and Pratt, J. H. Tin. Min. Res. U. S. for 1903 (1904), Washington, D. C., pp. 335-349. Digest: Neues Jahrb, Min., 1906, II, Stuttgart [Ref.], p. 169. Tin of South Dakota and Wyoming briefly treated. The Carolina tin belt, its geological location, geology of district, and mineralogical and chemical character of ore, with production, treated by J. H. Pratt. 1221. See No. 1208a. WEEKS, JoSEPH D. See No. 1372. See also Alabama, Alaska, California, Carolinas, Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, Wash- ington, Wyoming. VICTORIA ANNUAL Reports of the Secretary for Mines and Water Supply. From 1899, Melbourne, Victoria. Give statistics of production and amount exported and imported annually. Anonymous. Tin in Australia. Min. Ind. for 1898, Vol. 7, 1899, New York and London, p. 710. Tin-bearing gravel 6 to 8 feet deep found near Beenah, Gippsland, Victoria. Plenty of water. j Bracuk, J. Report on gold and tin mining at Eldorado, Victoria. 1872, Melbourne, Not available to the authors. D’AcHIARDI, ANTONIO. See No. 1313. Davies, D. C. See No. 1317. . Eppy, WILLIAM. Special report on the Victoria stream tin deposits. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 45, 1875, London, p. 1223. The deposits on Lutrobe River, South Gippsland, are from 6 to 30 feet below the surface, and from 6 inches to 3 feet thick all over the flat valley which is from 500 to 1000 feet across. Average assay of concentrates is 65 per cent SnO,. From deepest parts of flat, sufficient gold exists to pay working expenses. River affords abundant water and power, and there ‘is plenty of timber. Fawwns, Sypney. See No. 1320. , 184 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 VICTORIA (Continued) 1226. Grecory, J. W. The Mount Cudgewa tin field. reol. Surv. Victoria Bull. No. 22, 1907, Melbourne, pp. 1-4. A preliminary report on recently discovered tin lodes of the Cudgewa district, in Benambra. Alluvial tin has unquestionably wide distribution in some parts of north- east Victoria, but attempts to work the tin-bearing lodes have hitherto failed. The tin-bearing veins of the district occur mostly in the granitic rocks, close to the contact with the schists, but sometimes in the schists, 1227. Herman, H. Report on mining at Mitta-Mitta, Eskdale, Tallandoon, and Mt. Elmo. Special Report Department Mines, 1898, Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 5-6. Brief article on the geology of the surrounding country and the tin deposits of the districts, 1228. ———. Report on alleged tin and gold discovery at Falls Creek, near Bruthen. Records of Geological Survey Victoria, Vol. 1, pt. 1, 1902, Melbourne, pp. 70-71, sketch locality plan 1. Writer visited locality and found nothing done by way of development work since 1880, until two months before his visit, so little real information could be obtained. Discoverers claim 10 pounds tin obtained on Foggy Creek, and good prospects of tin found in most of gullies tried, also in loam on the slopes of the hills. 1229. Kirson, A. E. The economic minerals and rocks of Victoria. Special Report Department of Mines, 1906, Melbourne, Victoria, p. 520. Tin is the second mineral of importance in Victoria, gold occupying the first place. It occurs as lodes: 1. Thin veins [stockworks] ramifying granitic and porphyritie rocks, 2. Dykes of coarsely crystalline rocks [pegmatite and greisen]. 3. Quartz reefs traversing granitic and porphyritic rocks. As alluvial or stream tin, it is found in the sands and gravels of streams, which have worn down rocks containing tin. Principal occurrences of the lode tin are at Mt. Cudgewa, Mt. Wills, Pilot Range, and Eskdale in the northeastern district, and Mt. Singapore on Wilsons Promontory, Southern Gippsland. Stream tin is found in the northeast district, Southern Gippsland, Eastern Gipps- land, Western Gippsland, Upper Yarra and other districts. 1230. Murray, Recinatp A. F,. Report on the geology and mineral resources of Southwest Gippsland. Rep. Prog. Geol. Sury. Victoria, 1876, Melbourne, p. 171. No payable tin workings in this district have been mapped. The largest quantity yet obtained was in two small tributaries of the Franklin River. As the deposits are . harrow, and do not occupy any considerable length of the creeks, remunerative tin workings are hardly to be hoped for, 1231. Murray, R. A. F. Report on the Mt. Wills tin field. Reports and Statistics of Mines Department for Quarter ended March 31, 1890, Mel- bourne, Victoria, pp. 15-17, 2 sheets of underground survey of mines, Ballarat East. Digest: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1891, II, Stuttgart, p. 100. 1282. Newspery, J. Cosmo. Laboratory report of tin ore. Rep. Prog. Geol. Surv. Victoria, No. 11, 1875, Melbourne, p. 129. Brief examination of cassiterite from Franklin, Corner Inlet, and Upper Murray. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—IIESS 185 VICTORIA (Continued) 1233. NicHotas, Wm. Localities of minerals which occur in Victoria. Rep. Prog. Geol. Surv. Victoria, No. 3, 1876, Melbourne, p. 287. The most important districts where tin is to be found are: 1. Lode tin, Beechworth. 2. Stream tin, Beechworth, Berwick, Bright, Burrowa Creek, Cudgewa Creek, Dry Forest Creek, La Trobe River, Mt. Fatigue, Murray River [upper]. Puituirs, J. A., and Louis, H. See No. 1350. REYER, Epuarp. See No. 1354. RoLxer, Cuas. M. See No. 1357. 1234. RosAtes, Hy. Report on Mt. Wills as a gold field and tin field respect- ively. Special Report Department Mines, Melbourne, Victoria, 1897, p. 5. 1235. SkenkE, A. J., and Smyrnu, R. B. Report on the physical character and resources of Gippsland. 1874, Melbourne, pp. 8-65, with map and geol. sect. ** Black oxyd of tin ’’ has been found in basin of River La Trobe, near Mt. Fatigue. Nearly all areas occupied by granite, yield some tin ore. Up to this time little has been done in Gippsland toward mining tin ore. 1286. Smyru, R. Brouau. The manner of occurrence of tin ore on the Upper Murray River. Rep. Prog. Geol. Surv. Victoria, No. 1, 1874, Melbourne, pp. 5-7. In all granitic tracts, ‘* black oxyd of tin ’’ is found in the beds of the creeks and gullies. Mr. H. Y. L. Brown, of Geological Survey of West Australia, examined the district and gives facts concerning the tin deposits. 1237. ————. Tin in Victoria. Rep. Prog. Geol. Surv. Victoria, 1875, Melbourne, pp. 41, 42, 45. Author predicts that rich veins of tin ore will be found in the basin of the Mitta- Mitta and the Cudgewa. Tin ore is found in southwestern and northwestern parts of Gippsland. 1288. Srirtinc, JAMES. Report on the tin lodes at Wombat Creek. Department of Mines, Victoria, Report of Mining Registrars for quarter ended March 81, 1889, Melbourne, pp. 65-67, hachured map 1, pls. 8, figs. 4. Veins are on a ridge between Mt. Wills Creek [tributary of Big River], and Wom- bat and Nine Mile creeks, tributary to Mitta River. Tin found in creeks and bench gravels with bismuth and gold. Some lodes were found by government party. The country rock is slate and feldspathic sandstones, of Upper Silurian age, converted into nodular schists and sandstones and highly inclined. Cut by pegmatitite and aplite masses. Tin occurs in pegmatites as stockworks. ‘‘ Granulitic’’ lodes traverse the slates. At places there is much tourmaline in the pegmatite. Some granite dikes [ternary] near by are younger than Silurian; thought probably to be Devonian. [No proof given.] Small amount of alluvial tin in Wombat valley, probably indicates that veins have not been exposed long to erosion, and will grow better in depth. Several large diorite dikes have cut the sediments and metamorphosed them. ‘‘ When the lode or vein intersects certain felsitic sandstones and nodular schists, and the lode is mainly greisen, it is rich in tin, and when the small grains of white feldspar, partly converted into kaolinite are present as additional ingredients, schorl is more abundant.’’ Cassiterite is said to be evenly distributed through some of the lodes. Lodes 1 to 5 feet wide carry 2.9 per cent to 20 per cent tin. Accompanying minerals: tourmaline, wolfram and plumose muscovite in large plates. 186 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VoL. 58 VIRGINIA 1239. BenEpiIcT, Wm: De L. Tin in Virginia. Min. Ind. for 1892, Vol. I, 1893, New York, pp. 455-456. Tin known to exist in Virginia about ten years. Found on Irish Creek, Rockbridge County. Ore found in veins in granite. Three veins thus far discovered. Develop- ments consist of open eut extending about 60 feet into face of hill, and a tunnel which penetrates some 40 feet further. Mill has been erected, and experimental tests of ore were made. Ist test: 90 tons assayed 3.44 per cent metallic tin; concentrates from which assayed 43.44 per cent tin. 2d test: 75 tons assayed 3.28 per cent tin, concentrates showing 40.40 per cent tin. 8d test: 125 tons ore, assayed 3.26 per cent tin, concentrates gave 45.07 per cent tin. 1240. Brown, W.G. On cassiterite from Irish Creek, Rockbridge Co., Virginia. Amer. Chem. Journ., Vol. 6, 1885, Baltimore, pp. 185-187. The veins have not been prospected to more than 20 feet in depth, and are much weathered. The cassiterite is brown, from waxy to dark, and the faces are generally dull. Wolframite, arsenopyrite, quartz and mica accompany the cassiterite. Gives a description of crystals and an analysis which shows nearly 0.3 per cent Ta,0,. 1241. CAMPBELL, Harry D. Tin ore (cassiterite) in the Blue Ridge in Virginia. The Virginias, Vol. 4, 1883, Staunton, p. 151. Abstract: Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, ser. 8, Vol. 27, 1884, New Haven, p. 411. Note on the discovery of tin in eastern corner of Rockbridge County. Cassiterite occurs in quartz veins. Incomplete analysis given. 1242. Crookes and Rornric. Tinstone, cassiterite. The Virginias, Vol. 4, 1883, Staunton, p. 169. Extract from Crookes & Roehrig’s Metallurgy. Short general article. Garrison, F. Lynwoop. See No. 1207. 1243. McCreatu, A. S., and Pratr, FRANKLIN. Description of locality of tin ore, Rockbridge Co., Virginia. ' The Virginias, Vol. 4, 1888, Staunton, pp. 150-151. Not sufficient prospecting had been done to give a good idea of the veins. They occur in erystallines beneath Potsdam No. 1. The ore taken out probably averaged 31.60 per cent tin. 1244. Rosertson, W. B. On Virginia tin mines. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 54, 1884, London, pp. 1221-1222. Deposits are in high ridges on both sides of Irish Creek, in Rockbridge County. Ore occurs in the form of a ‘‘ pure and rich cassiterite’’ permeating quartz veins and mica slate to a width of 40 feet or more. Many crystals are also found. Gives description of the tin veins and outcrops of the district. 1245. Utxer, Tirus. Cash Mine, near Vesuvius, Virginia. Min. Res. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1898 (1894), Washington, D. C., pp. 178-182. Development of property hindered by years of litigation. In writer’s judgment Cash property warrants development. Mill, said to have cost $50,000, was erected on property several years ago, and about 29) tons of rock, averaging about 3.3 per cent metallic tin were tested. Mineral association and geological occurrence of tin here more closely resembles that of Cornwall than that of any other known tin locality in United States. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 187 VIRGINIA (Continued) 1246. Watson, THos. L. Mineral resources of Virginia. The Virginia Jamestown Exposition Commission. 1907, Lynchburg, pp. 567-578. Gives the location, a short history of the working, and a brief description of the geology of the Irish Creek tin-bearing locality. Most of the article is a transcript of a commercial report upon the region by Major Hotchkiss. Mentions that the occur- rence of cassiterite has been reported at Nellys Ford, Nelson County, and at Capron Springs. Gives a bibliography. 1247. WHITEHEAD, Epgar. The tin ore of Virginia. The Virginias, Vol. 5, 1884, Staunton, p. 38. Reprinted from ‘‘ The Advance ”’ (no date), Lynchburg, Va. A letter dated January 22, 1884, to the ‘‘ American Artizan,’’ Chicago, in which the Martha Cash tin properties are described. States that there are five known veins, which he thinks will supply the United States with tin. Gives a number of assays of both tin ore and mispickel from the same veins. The latter carried gold and silver up to $255 per ton. 1248. Winstow, ArtHur. Tin ore in Virginia. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 40, 1885, New York, p. 320, sketch maps 3. Abstract: The Virginias, Vol. 6, 1885, Staunton, p. 168. Location—western slope of Blue Ridge Mountains, in eastern edge of Rockbridge County. Description of veins—fissure veins, traversing the granite in all directions. Present developments not sufficient to permit estimate of value nor a prediction as to future of deposits. WASHINGTON 1249, ANonymMous. Tin in Washington. Mg. World, Vol. 26, 1907, Chicago, p. 784, 325 words. Short account of discovery of tin ore, May 1906, near Spokane, Washington, close to border of Idaho, with brief notes upon the geology and development. 1250. Corztier, ARTHUR J. Tin ore at Spokane, Wash. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 340, 1908, Washington, D. C., pp. 295-305. Cassiterite occurs in an elevation known as Silver Hill half an hour’s ride from Spokane on an electric road. Cassiterite is in pegmatite accompanied by sillimanite, andalusite and tourmaline. Wolframite and scheelite occur in granite in the same hill. WESTERN AUSTRALIA 1251. ANonymous. Tin mines in West Australia. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 70, 1895, San Francisco, p. 39. A short account of mining operations in the tin fields at Greenbushes, West Australia. 1252. ————. Greenbushes tin field. Austr. Mg. Stand., Vol. 17, 1900, Sydney, pp. 247-248. ‘‘ Information concerning the situation and the character of these deposits, which are known to contain certain deleterious impurities, difficult to eliminate.” 1253. ————. Tin of Western Australia. Min. Ind. for 1900, Vol. 9, 1901, New York and London, pp. 638-689. Mining operations were active during 1900, at Greenbushes. The district is described geologically. About 400 tons of ore were treated at local smelting works during 1900. Specimens of rock from the Cornwall mine assayed 1.79 per cent Sn. 188 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 WESTERN AUSTRALIA (Continued) 1254. ————. Tin in Western Australia. Min. Ind. for 1901, Vol. 10, 1902, New York and London, p. 641. Total quantity of black tin mined during 1901 amounted to 734 tons, valued at £40,000. 1255. ————. Die Zinnproduction Westaustraliens. Zeitschr. prakt. Geol., 1902, Berlin, pp. 209-210. Taken from ‘‘ The British Australasian,’’ 1899, p. 330. 1256. ————. Tin in West Australia. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 80, 1905, New York, p. 1071. Tin ore has been mined for several years on the Greenbushes and Pilbarra mining fields, West Australia. Output of these fields is about 200 tons per annum, Mentions recent discoveries of tin in the Wodgina district, and thinks it possible that within the next few years West Australia will become an important tin producer, Wodgina district described. 1257. Kruscu, P. Die Tellurerze Westaustraliens. Zeitschr. prakt. Geol., Vol. 9, 1901, Berlin, pp. 211-217. Digest translation in Trans. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 22, 1901-1902, London and New- castle-upon-Tyne, pp. 731-733. “* Quartz porphyry dikes, also occur bearing tinstone with tourmaline and titanite; and the weathering of these dikes has given rise to the Greenbushes stream tin workings.’’ 1258. ————. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der nutzbaren Lagerstatten Westaus- traliens. Zeitschr. prakt. Geol., Vol. 11, 1908, Berlin, pp. 378-385, figs. 2. Digest: Neues Jahrb, Min., 1904, II [Ref.], Stuttgart, p. 242. Author states that cassiterite occurs: I. Sparsely in granite. Il. In greisen cutting amphibolite. Wolfram bearing minerals are rare and there are apparently no lithia micas. Ill, IV. In alluvial and disintegrated deposits along with muscovite, tourmaline, quartz, garnet, wolframite, tantalum and columbium minerals. Thinks veins occupy cooling cracks in granite, and that the cassiterite is of pneu- matolytie origin though some water is present. 1259. LApAagr, Herpert. Gold and other mineral resources of Western Aus- tralia. Trans. Fed. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 7, 1894, London and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, p. 510. “©In 1888, Mr. Stinton found some stream tin near Bridgetown on the Blackwood River, which led to rich deposits, extending over about 100 square miles. The tin fields are likely to produce great wealth, if properly worked.’’ 1260. Marrianp, A. Gips. Notes on the Greenbushes tin field. Ann. Progr. Rep. Geol. Surv. Western Australia for 1899 (1900), Perth, pp. 7-8 and 15-20, geologic map 1. Description of claims and geology of Dumpling Gully, Cowan Brook, Bunbury Gully, and adjoining land. The country rock is granite, sometimes gneissoid and containing much tourmaline, largely covered, up to 20 feet thick, with a residual conglomerate. Cassiterite occurs in both alluvial and residual deposits. 1261. ————. The mineral wealth of Western Australia. Western Australian Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 4, 1900, Perth, pp. 84-90. Introduction treating of tin deposits in general. Exports of tin ore from Greenbushes and Pilbarra, given. Production of tin through- out Western Australia also given. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—IIESS 189 WESTERN AUSTRALIA (Continued) 1262. ———_. Preliminary report on the geological features and mineral resources of the Pilbara gold field. Western Australia Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 15, 1904, Perth. Digest: Mg. Mag., Vol. 11, 1905, New York, p. 369. The tin deposits so far worked are all of detrital origin and have yielded con- siderable quantities of ore. The ores examined seem to be free from the deleterious constituents which are known to occur in the Greenbushes tinfield. 1263. ———-. Report on the Wodgina tin field. Rep. Dept. Mines for 1905 Western Australia, 1906, Perth, pp. 126-140. Digest: Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 80, 1905, New York, p. 1071. Output of Greenbushes and Pilbara fields about 200 tons of tin per annum. In the new Wodgina field, tin always occurs in granite and pegmatite dikes. In pegmatite dikes tin generally occurs along the sides, though sometimes through the mass. Veins are accompanied by mica and tourmaline, 1264. Marrianp, A. Giss, and JAcKson, C. F. V. The mineral production of Western Australia up to the end of 1903. Western Australia Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 16, 1904, Perth, pp. 56-60. Brief introduction treating tin deposits in general, followed by a detailed descrip- tion of the Greenbushes and Marble Bar (Pilbara) districts. 1265. MuLHOLLAND, C. A. The Greenbushes tin field, Western Australia. Austr. Mg. Stand., Vol. 29, 1908, Sydney and Melbourne, pp. 159-160, “192. Serial. “Begins a description of an interesting field from a scientific point of view, the variety of the deposits and the metallurgical problems to be solved.’’ Second article treats of mineralogical details in connection with deposits at Green- bushes, s 1266. NEwLanp, D. H. Tin in Western Australia. Min. Ind. for 1902, Vol. 11, 1908, New York and London, p. 595. Output of tin ore in 1902 was 620 long tons valued at £39,788 as compared with 734 tons valued at £40,000 in 1901. Greenbushes alluvial ore carries 40 to 73 per cent tin and is associated with tantalite. Tin dressing plant has been erected in the district by the government as an aid to the mining industry, 1267. Stmpson, EpwArp 8S. Report of the mineralogist and assayer (gold, tin, cobalt). Annual Progress Report, Geological Survey of Western Australia for 1899 (1900), Perth, pp. 52-54, Gives notes upon tin ore from Greenbushes field; assays of dressed ore ran from 22.6 to 71.3 per cent, averaging 53.8 per cent. The reason why some apparently well-dressed ore ran so low was found to be on account of the presence of stibiotantalite. Gives analysis. Notes presence of fine particles of native tin, also zircon, garnet, topaz, and tourmaline, 1268. ————. Cassiterite (tinstone). Minerals of economic value. Western Australia Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 19, 1905, Perth, pp. 53-54. General account of the properties and characteristics of cassiterite; its mode of occurrence and of troublesome accompanying minerals. Also a few words about stannite. 1269. Stmpson, Epwarp S., and Greson, Cuas. G. The distribution and oc- currence of the baser metals in Western Australia. Western Australia Geol. Surv. Bull. 30, 1907, Perth, pp. 49-76 with map showing distribution. A compilation of the information upon the various tin claims in each district of the State, with history, geologic conditions, and production. TSG 1270. 1271. 1272. 1273. 1274. 1275. 1276. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 WESTERN AUSTRALIA (Continued) “ STANNIFER.” The Greenbushes tin fields (Western Australia). Austr. Mg. Stand., Vol. 18, 1900, Sydney and Melbourne, p. 811. Describes country geologically and geographically, and gives an account of both stream and lode deposits, the prospects of which he considers are good. Tatpor, —. Wodgina tin field. Rep. Dep. Mines for 1905, Western Australia, 1906, Perth, pp. 126-128, sketch map 1. Wodgina is at headwaters of western branch of the Turner River, and within limits of the Pilbara goldfield, about 74 miles from Port Hedland. District bids fair to rise to importance as tin and tantalite producer. Woopwarp, H. P. Coal and tin in West Australia. Geol. Mag., n. s., Vol. 6, 1889, London, p. 482. Thinks discoveries of tin at Bridgetown seems to indicate the biggest thing of the kind that has ever been found. One shaft 18 feet deep will average all the way down about 4 or 5 pounds to the pan. Tin found at surface in sand over area of about 100 square miles. Woopwarp, Harry P. Greenbushes tin field (with special reference to the deep leads). Western Australia Geol. Surv. Bull. 32, 1908, Perth, pp. 1-75, maps 3, pls. 3. A general description of the district and its mineralogy with detailed descriptions of *claims. WootnoucH, W. G. See No. 1649. WYOMING AnonyMous. See No. 985. AUGHEY, SAMUEL. Minerals of Wyoming territory. Annual Report of the Territorial Geologist, 1886, Laramie, p. 111. Tin occurs near Rawhide Buttes in minute quantities, also in small quantities in Silver Crown district. | BENeEDIcT, WM. De L. Tin in Wyoming. Min. Ind. for 1892, Vol. I, 1893, New York, p. 454. Area of tin-bearing rocks extends to granite district west and south of Custer City, South Dakota, throughout Nigger Hill district, and into Wyoming. Cuance, H. M. See No. 1002. Ricketts, Louris D. Tin in Wyoming. Annual Report of the Territorial Geologist Wyoming, 1890, Cheyenne, pp. 74-75. The tin described in this report is in the Black Hills, Crook County. The cassite- rite occurs in imperfect crystals [rare], granules, and grains scattered through dikes of quartz, feldspar and mica, which cut the granite country rock. Samples yielded from 2 to 6 per cent metallic tin, and those samples showing no tin minerals from 2 to 4 per cent. Stream tin in fine particles has been found in all gulches that cut the granite dikes. SADTLER, B. See No. 1016. Il. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 1277. Acricota, Groraius (pen name of George Bauer). Bergwerck buch: darinn nicht allain alle empte’ instrument gezeug und alles so zu diesem handel gehérig mit figurem vorgebildet und klarlich be- schriben. 1580, Frankfort-am-Mayn. General treatise on mining and smelting, in which the working of tin ores is mentioned in a number of places. 1278. ANonyMous. Notes on tin. Journ. Soe. Arts, Vol. 1, 18538, London, p. 550. Briefly treats of bronze articles of Assyria; the Great Polgooth tin mine of Cornwall; metallurgy of tin and the recent discovery of tin at St. Ives, Cornwall. General article. 1279. ————. The position of tin. The Iron Monger, September 4, 1880, London. Reprint: Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 30, 1880, New York, p. 205. Tin of the great mining centers discussed and compared. eS 0 ee Ts Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 45, 1882, San Francisco, p. 152. Tin ore and how it appears. Some plain directions to enable the prospector to dis- tinguish that ore. Character of the rocks in which tin ore is generally found. 238i) ——— Tin: Eleventh census U. S. 1890, Min. Industries, 1892, Washington, D. C., pp. 249-265. Tin of Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Texas, South Dakota and Cali- fornia treated. The tin deposits of the world are discussed in a general manner. 1282. ———-. Tin. Min. Ind. for 1898., Vol. 2, 1894, New York, pp. 607-614. A general article treating of general ccnditions. 1283. ———.. “Tin. Min. Ind. for 1894, Vol. 3, 1895, New York and London, pp. 521-528, A general article, prices, statistics, etc. 2254, ———, ‘Tin. Min. Ind. for 1895, Vol. 4, 1896, New York and London, pp. 569-578. General prices; the situation in Bolivia, Singkep, Malay Peninsula and Tasmania is reviewed. 14 act pid 8 18 Min. Ind. for 1896, Vol. 5, 1897, New York and London, pp. 523-532. General article upon the tin production of the world and the general -situation of tin mining. A full page (528) is devoted to South Africa. i2o6. ———. Tin: Min. Ind. for 1897, Vol. 6, 1898, New York and London, pp. 637-648. Banka, Bolivia, England, Singkep, Spain, Portugal, Straits Settlements, Swaziland and Tasmania are treated briefly. 191 192 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vol. 58 GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued) 1287. ————._ Tin. Min. Ind. for 1898, Vol. 7, 1899, New York and London, pp. 707-716. General, markets, statistics. Tin resources of Australia, Bolivia, China, Congo, Great Britain, Straits Settle- ments and Tasmania briefly treated. 1288. ————. : The occurrence of tin. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 79, 1899, San Francisco, p. 749. Short general review of tin, localities where found, average yearly output, per- centage of output from various countries, manner of occurrence, associated rocks, and kinds of deposits. 1289, ———. Tin. Min. Ind. for 1899, Vol. 8, 1900, New York and London, pp. 618-628. Short remarks on the tin-deposits and production of Australia, Banka, France (Montebras) Great Britain and Tasmania. 1290. ————._ Tin. Min. Ind. for 1900, Vol. 9, 1901, New York and London, pp. 635-646. General article; statistics, short articles on Australasian colonies (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia-and Western Australia), Bolivia, Burmah, Malay Penin- sula, Russia (Siberia), and United Kingdom; tin markets; progress of technology (metallurgy, tinning, effect of tin on canned meats, chemical analysis, electrolytic deposition). 1291. ———. Sources of tin supply. Engineer, Vol. 91, 1901, London, p. 6, 1700 words. “* Discusses the position of tin in the market, and the need of readjusting the balance. Reviews the principal supplies and conditions affecting the output.”’ 1292, ———._ Tin. Min. Ind. for 1901, Vol. 10, 1902, New York and London, pp. 637-646. Imports, supplies, production; Alaska, New Seuth Wales, Northern Territory, Queens- land, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia, Bolivia, France. Malay Peninsula, United Kingdom; tin markets in 1901. 12938. ————. The sparse distribution of tin. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 85, 1902, San Francisco, pp. 51-52. Considered most sparingly distributed metal in common use. Workable deposits of gold cover 1,500,000 square miles, while tin deposits cover less than 125,000 square miles. Gold is, or has been obtained in nearly every country in the world, while tin comes from not more than a dozen different districts. 1294. Tin. New Volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica, 10th Edition, Vol. 33, 1902, London, pp. 346-347. ‘« Primary deposits of tin are in or closely connected with granite or acid eruptive rocks of the same type, associated with tourmaline, fluorspar, topaz, wolfram and arsenical pyrites, and the invariable gangue being quartz.’? Bolivia is the only exception, ‘‘ where the tin ore occurs intimately associated with silver ores, bismuth ores and yarious sulphides, whilst the gangue includes barytes and certain carbonates.”’ Over % of the world’s tin is from secondary alluvial deposits. Cornwall and Bolivia deposits all in veins. Small portion of that yielded by Australia from veins. Methods of smelting. : 1295. ———-. Tin in 1902, Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 75, 1908, New York, pp. 29-30. Good general review of the year. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—-HESS 193 GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued) 1296. ———. Tin. Mg. World, Vol. 20, 1904, Chicago, p. 21. A page of random paragraphs on tin. 1297. ————. The tin position. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 76, 1904, London, p. 595. “* An editorial reviewing trade conditions and the probable effect of recent dis- * coveries.’” 1298. ————. _ Tin. Min. Ind. for 1904, Vol. 18, 1905, New York end London, pp. 391-400. Tin mining in United States: Carolinas, South Dakota. Tin mining in foreign countries: Australia, Bolivia, Cornwall, Dutch East Indies, Germany, Malay States. Tin Markets. 1298a. ————. The origin of tin. Mg. Sci., Vol. 59, 1909, Denver, p. 227, about 190 words. ZOD ET Mg. Sci., Vol. 59, 1909, Denver, pp. 401-402. Rather general, reviewing the various localities in United States in which tin has been found, closing with brief account of tin in Cornwall. 1298ce. ———. Review of mining in foreign countries. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 87, 1909, New York, p. 125. Brief review of tin mining at Mount Bischoff and in Derby districts, Tasmania; New South Wales; Queensland and Northern Territory. 1298d. ————. World’s production of tin. Mg. World, Vol. 32, 1910, Chicage, p. 140. Statistics showing world’s tin production and average prices. 1298e. ————. Short answers to some problems in economic geology. Mg. Sci., Vol. 61, 1910, Denver, p. 517. Answering the questions: How does tin ore occur; what does it look like; how may it be recognized in the field? A general article. BAUER, GEORGE. See No. 1277. 1299. Beck, RicuArp. Lehre von den Erzlagerstatten. 1901, Berlin. Nature of ore deposits. Translated and revised by Walter H. Weed, Vols. 2, 1905, New York. Contains descriptions of the occurrence and method of mining tin ore, both in alluvial and lode deposits in various parts of the world, and discusses the origin of tin ore. 1300. Beck, R. On the relation between ore veins and pegmatites. Trans. Geol. Soc. South Africa, Vol. 8, 1905 (1906), Johannesburg, pp. 147-150. States that tin veins at ‘Zinnwald, Graupen, on the island of Elba, the Etta mine (South Dakota), and Embabaan, South Africa, are pegmatite dikes. Translated from English by G. Berg in Zeitschr. prakt. Geol., Vol. 14, 1906, Berlin, pp. 71-73. 1301. Benepict, W. DEL. Tin. Min. Ind. for 1892, Vol. 1, 1898, New York, pp. 439-462. Treats of tin in Cornwall, Australia, East Indies, Malay Peninsula, Bolivia, Mexico and the United States, and the markets during 1902. 194. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued) 1302. BERGMAN [—]. Suite de la traduction d’un chapitre de la géographie physique. Journ. Mines, Vol. 8, No. 16, 1795-1796, Paris, pp. 31-32. Translated by Guichelin, A. Short general article on the tin veins of Europe. * 1303. Berztitrus, —. Sur la présence d’étain et de cuivre dans les sources sortant d’un terrain volcanique. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 9, 1839, Paris, pp. 164-165. 1304. Berrany, G. Papers on the tin trade. Western Morning News, 1866. Not available to the authors. Betts, Anson G. See No. 1451. 1305. BorruAAve, H. A new method of chemistry; including the history, theory, and practice of the art. 1758, London. (Two volumes.) Translated from the Latin by Peter Shaw. Vol. 1 contains a description of tin and its characteristics; form in which found; metallurgy, and uses, among which medicinal use is mentioned, pp. 98-100. Vol. 2 treats of the chemistry of tin in a brief way, pp. 300-301. 3 1306. Branner, JoHN C., and Newsom, JoHNn F. Syllabus of a course of lect- ures on economic geology. Stanford University, 1900. Outline of a general article on the economic geology of tin deposits, pp. 88-91 and 262. 1307. Brown, A. SeELwyn. The occurrence of tin. Austr. Mg. Stand., Vol. 16, 1899, Sydney and Melbourne, pp. 869, 385-386, 404-405, Serial. Describes the tin deposits in various parts of the world and some of their more prominent features. 1308. ———. A review of the world’s tin-mining industries. Eng. Mag., Vol. 34, 1907, New York and London, pp. 325-333. ““ Shows how tin deposits are now exploited only in a restricted area and analyzes the steadily growing demand for the metal. The known tin deposits of the world are then reviewed with the idea of determining where and how the increased demand for tin is to be met.”’ 1309. CAMPAGNE, EmMite MAtruievu. Les mines, or, argent, fer, cuivre, plomb, étain, zinc, mercure et platine. 1883, Paris. Not available to the authors. 1310. CuarLeton, ArtHuUR G. Tin: describing the chief methods of mining, dressing and smelting it abroad. With notes upon arsenic, bismuth and wolfram. 1884, London and New York, pp. 88, pls. 14. Briefly describes the geology of the tin deposits of Altenberg and Zinnwald, Saxony, and Abertham, Bohemia, but gives more attention to methods of mining, dressing and smelting. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 195 GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued) 1311. CLarKE, Frank W. The data of geochemistry. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 330, 1908, Washington, D. C., pp. 591-595. Treats the principal known minerals of tin; the artificial production of cassiterite; the solubility of cassiterite; rocks in which tin ores occur; and the associated minerals. Many bibliographic references. 1312. Corra, BreRNARD von. A treatise on ore deposits. Translated from 2d German Edition by F. Prime, 1870, New York, pp. 553. Treats of tin deposits; modes of occurrence; relation of the rocks to the ore deposits; distribution of ores in deposits; tin of Germany, France, Cornwall and Finland. 1313. D’AcHtARDI, AnToNIo. I metalli loro minerali e miniere. Vol. II, 1888, Milan, pp. 522-559. Gives a general treatment of tin as a metal and then of its minerals, cassiterite and stannite, and accompanying minerals. Gives descriptions of deposits in Italy, Great Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Austria, Siberia, China, Japan, India, Siam, Malay Peninsula, East Indies, Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania, Bolivia and the United States followed by generalizations upon the deposits. 1314. Daupréte, A. Mémoire sur le gisement, la constitution, et l’origine des amas de minerai d’étain. Ann. Mines, 8d ser., Vol. 20, 1841, Paris, pp. 65-112. Extrait par auteur, C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 12, 1841, Paris, pp. 886-890. Extrait: Bull. Soc. Geol. France, Ist ser., Vol. 12, 1841, Paris, pp. 393-401. Also, Edinburgh, New Philos. Journ., Vol. 32, 1842, Edinburgh, pp. 154-159. Translation, Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 12, 1842, London, pp. 9-10. “In the above memoir Daubrée describes the mode of occurrence of tin ore in certain stockworks in Saxony, Bohemia, Cornwall and France. He shows that, after quartz, the minerals most frequently accompanying tin ore are compounds containing fluorine, principally fluosilicates (lepidolite, topaz), sometimes fluophosphates (apatite) and fluorides (fluorspar). The element boron (tourmaline, axinite) is often abundant. The other elements most commonly met with are tungsten, molybdenum, phosphorus, arsenic and iron. Daubrée draws the conclusion that the tin ore, fluorine com- pounds, and borosilicates owe their origin to the same set of reactions. He supposes that the tin, tungsten, molybdenum, boron, phosphorus, and some of the silicon came up through fissures from some deep seated source as fluorides. Finally, Daubrée suggests that the present condition of the stockworks, which consist of quartz, tin ore, silicates, fluosilicates and borosilicates, resulted from the reactions of these fluorides, probably in the presence of water, on the enclosing rocks.’’—C. Le Neve Foster. 1315. ————. Ueber Zusammensetzung und Entstehung der Zinnerzlager- statten. (From Dufrénoy’s report to the Paris Academy, 1841.) Institut Vol. 9, 1841, Paris, pp. 365-366. Abstract: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1842, Stuttgart, p. 609-610. General discussicn as to the manner in which tin occurs in different deposits of the world. : 1316. ———.. Etudes synthétiques de géologie expérimentale. 1879, Paris, pp. 24, 37, 67-68, 118, 594. Treats of tin oxide in veins, the artificial production of tin oxide, its presence in kaolin in Allier, occurrence of tin in Central France, the occurrence of tin in an altered lead in Bourbonne, also the presence of tin in meteorites, 196 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS ‘ VOL. 58 GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued) 1317. Davies, D. C. A treatise on metalliferous minerals and mining. Published by Crosby Lockwood & Co., 1880, London, pp. 162-186, figs. 64-78. Treated under heads: General description; modes of occurrence; alluvial mining in Banca, in the Malay Peninsula; tin ore deposits of Bohemia and Saxony; France and (Sweden; tin in the British Isles, importance and antiquity of the industry; tin of Bolivia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. 1318. Day, Davin T. Tin. Min. Res. U. S. for 1885, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1886, Washington, D. C., pp. 370-385. Treats of American and foreign tin resources and production in a very general way. 1319. ———._ Tin. Min. Res. U. S. for 1889 and 1890, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1892, Washington, D. C., pp. 119-123. Brief review of developments made during 1890 in California, South Dakota and Virginia. Census statistics. 1320. Fawns, SypNry. Tin deposits of the world. Published by Mg. Journ., Railw. Comm. Gaz., 1905, London, pp. 1-9 and 1-204. Reviewed by Hess, Frank L.: Econ. Geol., Vol. 1, 1906, Lancaster, pp. 500-502. Chap. 1. The common forms of stanniferous minerals and the early history of tin mining, p. 1-7. Chap. 2. Description of tin deposits, pp. 7-18. Chap. 3. Alluvial tin deposits of the Malay Peninsula, pp. 18-31. Chap. 4. Alluvial tin deposits of Banca, Billiton, Siak, Sumatra, Siam, and British Burma, pp. 31-45. Chap. 5. Alluvial tin mining, pp. 45-56. Chap. 6. Tin lode deposits in the Malay Peninsula, pp. 56-68, Chap. 7. Tin deposits of New South Wales, pp. 68-83. Chap. 8. Tin deposits of Queensland, pp. 83-90. Chap. 9. Tin deposits of Tasmania, pp. 90-105. Chap. 10. Tin deposits of Western Australia, Northern Territory of South Australia, New Zealand and Victoria, pp. 105-112. Chap. 11. Tin deposits of Bolivia, pp. 112-125. Chap. 12. Tin deposits of Cornwall, pp. 125-139. Chap. 18. Tin deposits of Northern Nigeria, Transvaal, Swaziland and Congo Free State, Japan, Greenland, Finland, China, Korea, Siberia, pp. 189-149. Chap. 14. Tin deposits of Central Europe, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Scotland, Ireland, Mexico, United States and Alaska, pp. 149-165. Chap. 15. Mount Bischoff tin mine, pp. 165-175. Chap. 16. The Dolcoath tin mine, pp. 175-186. Chap. 17. Tin crushing and dressing machinery, pp. 186-199. Chap. 18. Dredging for tin, pp. 199-207. Chap. 19. Methods of tin assaying, pp. 207-224. Chap. 20. Statistics of tin production, pp. 224-233. Bibliography of 54 articles, pp. 233-236. The most complete compilation on the subject to date, but contains many inac- curacies, 1321. FrucHTwancer, Lewis. Tin and its applications. Iron, Vol. 5, n. s., 1875, London, p. 179. General article, treating briefly; early history of tin, its properties, its manner and form of occurrence, uses, localities, where found, metallurgy and chemistry. 1322. Foutton, H. Ueber Zinnerze und gediegenen Wismuth. Verh. k. k. geol. Reichs., No. 7, 1884, Wien, pp. 144-148. An account of the occurrence of tin in Zinnwald, New South Wales, Tasmania, Chile, Bolivia and Cornwall. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN——HESS 197 GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued) 1323. Fucus, E., and pp Launay, L. Traité des gites minéraux et métalli- féres. Vol. 2, 1893, Paris, pp. 101-158. Treats of the uses and statistics of tin, tin veins and general geology; tin of Corn- wall, Germany, France, Spain and Portugal, Italy, Bolivia, Malay Peninsula, Banka and Billiton and Australia. 1328a. Goop, T. The world’s tin supply. Cassier’s Magazine, Vol. 34, 1908, New York, pp. 483-487. By arguing from wrong and insufficient data, concludes that there is no danger of the world’s tin supply giving out in the near future. 13824. GRAHAM, WALTER. Tin, tin plate and tin alloys. Brit. Mfr. Indust., Vol. 1, 1876, pp. 155-172. Treats subject under following heads: Early history of Cornwall tin; discovery of tin in Misina and Bohemia; properties of tin; description of tin ore and its occurrence; reduction of ore; refining; uses of tin in manufactures; tin-plate working; tin alloys; uses in the arts, 1325. Gray, Joun W. Some notes concerning tin. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 88, 1904, San Francisco; pp. 197-198, 2000 words. Concerning the location of the tin deposits of the world, method of extraction, the distribution and prcduction of the metal. 1326. GUENTHER, RicHArD. Tin production of the world. Monthly Consular Reports, State Department, March, 1905, Washington, D. C., p. 382. Quotes ‘‘ German returns’ giving production of 1903 as 93,093 tons. (Kind of tons not stated.) Refers to ‘‘ considerable deposits ’’ in South Dakota, Wyoming, South Carolina and North Carolina. 1327. Henwoop, WM. J. Observations on metalliferous deposits. Trans. Roy. Geol. Soc. Cornwall, Vol. 8, 1871, Penzance. Treats of tin as an occasional constituent of rocks; of the derivation of stream tin, and why it is superior to lode tin in purity; extraction of tin ore by different classes of labor; the association of stream tin with gold in Wicklow and Banca, and with gold and platinum in Australia; of Roman remains in partially worked stream beds; and of the association of tin with fluorine. 1328. Hess, FRANK L. Review of “Tin deposits of the world,” by Sydney Fawns. Econ. Geol., Vol. 1, 1906, Lancaster, pp. 500-502, 1329. Hess, Frank L., and Graton, L. C. The occurrence and distribution of tin. Contributions to Economic Geology, 1904, U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 260, Washington, D. C., pp. 161-188. Digest in Mg. Mag., Vol. 11, 1905, New York, p. 559. A short compilation of data upon most of the known occurrences of tin, with a bibliography of ninety-two works. / 1330. Hopkins, Evan. On the superficial production of gold, oxide of tin, etc., or alluvial metalliferous deposits. H. English’s Min. Almanac, 1849, pp. 192-197. Not available to the authors. ! 198 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VoL. 58 GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued) 1331. Hunt, T. S. Remarks on the occurrence of tin ore at Winslow, Me. Trans. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 1, 1871-1873, New York, pp. 373-374. Remarks by Prof. Silliman and R. W. Raymond, pp. 374-375. Besides Winslow, Paris and Hebron are mentioned as having tin deposits. In the discussion, a very brief and general review of tin deposits is given to afford comparison with the deposits under discussion. 1332. INGADLES:, We Re int Min. Ind. for 1905, Vol. 14, 1906, New York and London, pp. 534-556. Treats of the tin deposits of the world. 1333. JARS, GABRIEL. Voyages metallurgiques. 8 Vols., 1774-1781, Lyon. Not available to the authors. 1334. KALB, CouRTNAY DE. Relation of tin to trap dikes. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 45, 1888, New York, p. 485. States that he has never heard of tin in greisen or granitic rocks, but always in quartz veins close to basaltic dikes. States that small amounts of cassiterite have been found in Haywood and Henderson counties, North Carolina. 1334a. Lakers, ArtHuR. Tin. History, use. Meg. World, Vol. 30, 1909, Chicago, pp. 1170-1171. 1 fig. “©The geology and mineralogy, history, uses and sources of tin are treated. The object of this article is to familiarize the reader with tin mining.’’ 1335. LaprarenT, A. DE. Traité de géologie. 1888, Paris, pp. 1172-1177, fig. 1. Treats in a general way tin deposits in Saxony, Bohemia, Cornwall, France, East Indies, Australia, China, Mexico and Italy. 1336. Lererus, ApoLpH. Remarks on tin ore and what may appear like it. Trans. Roy. Soc. New South Wales, Vol. 6, 1872 (1873), Sydney, pp. 73-74. Description of minerals that may be mistaken for tin ore, and ways of differentiat- ing them. 1337. LINDGREN, WALDEMAR. Metasomatic processes in fissure-veins. Trans. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 30, 1900 (1901), New York, pp. 619-626. Topaz-cassiterite veins. Altenberg and Zinnwald, Saxony, Mt. Bischoff, Tasmania. Same paper also published with PoSepny’s ‘‘ Genesis of Ore Deposits,’? pp. 640-545 (2d Ed.). Uses these tin deposits as examples of metasomatism. 1338. Lock, C. G. WArRNForD. Economic mining. 1895, New York, pp. 622-635, fig. 1. ; Tin mining districts treated, rocks in which tin occurs described, yield, method of working, profit. Cornish tin districts, Spain, India, Dutch East Indies, Tasmania, Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Mexico, Bolivia, South Africa. Treatment of ores. Commerce. 1339. Loos, D. pr. Tin. 1888, Haarlem. Not available to the authors. 1340. Louis, Henry. The production of tin. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 69, 1899, Lendon. A series of articles. Pp. 516, 547. On tin in general; history, mode of occurrences, manner of working. Pp. 581, 611. Cornwall. P. 643. Central Europe, Iberian Peninsula, Finland, remainder of Europe, Africa. —— a. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 199 GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued) P. 676. Asia, Malay Peninsula. P. 707. Shipments of tin from Straits Settlement, production of tin returned as metal in Federated Malay States. P. 736. Malay Archipelago, remainder of Asia. P. 771. Australia, New South Wales, Tasmania, Queensland. P. 804. Mexico; United States, South America; world’s production. Extract: Zeitschr. prakt. Geol., 1899, Berlin, pp. 287-293. Reprinted in pamphlet form, 1899. A good synopsis of the mining, history, distribution, occurrence and production of tin throughout the world. 1341. MacA.ister, Donatp A. Tin and tourmaline. A Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, Vol. 59, 1903, London, pp. 53-54. Abstracts: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1905, I (Ref.), Stuttgart, p. 101. Geol. Mag. n. s., decade 4, Vol. 10, 1908, London, p. 46. Abstract of paper read before the society. Cassiterite rarely occurs without tourmaline, although the latter is found without the former. A discussion as to causes of deposition of the oxide of tin follows. 1342. MAsEnpIE, ASHURST. Contributions towards a knowledge of the geo- logical history of wood-tin. Trans. Roy. Geol. Soe. Cornwall, Vol. 1, 1818, London, pp. 237-239. Short description of wood-tin and its manner of occurrence. Ascribes it to vein formation. 1343. MAssart, ALFRED. Minerales de estano en los terrenos secundarios. Rey. Min., ser. B, Vol. 2, 1876, Madrid, p. 87. 1344. Merritt, Geo. P. Our sources of tin. Sci. Amer. Suppl., No. 830, Vol. 32, 1891, New York, pp. 18257-18258. ** World’s supply of tin amounts to some 50,000 and odd tons annually, of which nearly one-half comes from Malayan Peninsula and adjacent islands, 1/6 from Corn- wall, 1/9 from Australia and the remainder from scattering sources, including Saxony and Bohemia, Finland, Spain, Tasmania, Bolivia and Mexico. United States has until recently produced very little.’’ 1345. Meyers, —. Konversations-Lexikon, Vol. 17. 1897, Leipzig and Wien, pp. 1038-1040. General article on tin. 1346. NEw Lanp, D. H. Tin. Min. Ind. for 1902, Vol. 11, 1908, New York and London, pp. 584-597, Review of tin deposits in general: United States, Alaska, Bolivia (by J. B. Minchin), Malay States, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, United Kingdom, Western Australia; general remarks regarding tin markets. 1347. ———.. Tin. Min. Ind. for 1903, Vol. 12, 1904, New York and London, pp. 325-339. Treats tin production in Alaska, Australia, Austria, Bolivia, Germany, Malay States, Mexico, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. Reviews the New York and London tin markets during 1903, and the progress of technology. 1348. NicHoLts, —., Dr. Some further observations towards composing a natural history of mines and metals. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, No. 403, Vol. 35, 1728, London, p. 408. Abridged Ed. Vol. 7, 1809, pp. 249-250. : . A general article describing the crystals of cassiterite and the manner in which the ore occurs. 200 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued) 1349. Puituips, J. ARrHuR. Ore deposits. 1884, London, pp. 109, 230, 301, 310, 317, 353, 375, 382, 3098, 435, 448-445, 478, 481, 491, 505, 565, 610, 621. The tin deposits of the world are treated in a general way under the headings of the different countries, 1350, Puruips, J. ArrHuR, and Louts, Henry. A treatise on ore deposits. 1896, London. Tin deposits in the following countries treated: Australia, Austria, England, France, Finland, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Malaysia, New South Wales, Portugal, Queensland, Russia, South America, Spain, Tasmania, United States and Victoria. In this 2d Edition Phillips’ original work is rewritten and enlarged by Henry Louis. 1351. PoSrpney, Franz. The genesis of ore deposits. Published with other papers on ore deposits by the Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., 1902, New York (2d Ed.). Cornwall pp. 189-140; placer deposits pp. 158-160. Quotes tin deposits to draw general conclusions concerning the deposition of ores. PRATT, JOSEPH HybDE, and STERRETT, DoucLAss. See No. 252. 1352. Pryce, Wm. Mineralogia Cornubiensis: a treatise on minerals, mines and mining to which is added an explanation of the terms and idioms of mines. 1778, London, folio, pp. 831, pls. 7, portrait of author, tables 2. 13538. Retry, —. Sur les gisements de l’étain, au point de vue géologique. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 104, 1887, Paris, pp. 600-602. 1354, Reyer, Epuarp. Zinn. Hine geologisch-montanistisch-historische Mono- graphie. 1881, Berlin, pp. 248, bibliography. Résumé of the geological, mineralogical and metallurgical conditions in, as well as the history of different tin producing regions. . 1355. ———. Geologie des Zinnes. Oest. Zeitschr. Berg. Hiitt. Vol. 29, 1881, Wien, pp. 9-11, 24-27, 38-34, sketches 4. 1. Die Wischen. 2. Zinnbergbaue. 8. Die Genesis des Zinnerzes. 1356. RicutTrer, Kart. Zink, Zinn und Blei. 1883, Wien, Pest, Leipzig. The characteristics and working of these metals, their relations to each other and to other metals, 1357. Rotkrer, CHARLES M. The production of tin in various parts of the world. 16th Ann. Rep., Dir. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1894-1895, pt. 8, 1895, Washington, D. C., pp. 458-538. Review of the tin mines of the world. Includes statistics and notes on the occurrence of tin in Maine, Virginia, North Carolina, Alabama, Texas, South Dakota, and California. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 201 1358. 1360. 1361. 1362. 13638. 1364. 1365. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued) SANDBERGER, F. Ueber das Vorkommen des Zinn in Silicaten. Sitz. Kin. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Vol. 8, 1878, Miinchen, pp. 186-139. Digest: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1878, Stuttgart, pp. 748-749. Scuuttz, F. W. Solder, its production and application with a brief history of tin and lead. Unpaged. About 23 pages including Chapters III to VI are devoted to tin. A brief history of the use of tin, a summary of its production, and a somewhat inaccurate description of the localities producing it, are given. Sepawick, ApAM. Remarks on the structure of large mineral masses, and especially on the chemical changes produced in the aggregation of stratified rocks during different periods after their deposition. Trans. Geol. Soe. London, Vol. 3, 1829, London, p. 483. States that besides occurring along joints tin deposits occur as segregations from granite. Short paragraph. Sexton, A. Humpott. Notes on tin. Mech. Eng., Vol. 21, 1908, London, pp. 43-46, 99-101, 175-177, 239-240, illus. Serial. First part. ‘The present number considers its physical and chemical properties, uses, value; tin minerals and ores, their distribution,”’ etc. Second part. Mining and ore dressing. ‘‘ The methods of working alluvial tin de- posits are described and then the methods of concentrating tin ore are outlined. Notes regarding crushing, magnetic separation, and wet concentration given.’’ Third part. Smelting. ‘‘ Discusses different methods of smelting tin. Reverbera- tory method as used in Cornwall and Singapore described; also shaft furnace smelt- ing and Chinese methods.”’ Fourth part. Refining. ‘* Discusses the refining of the metal and the process used in Cornwall.’’ SmytH, Warineton. Address of the president. Trans. Roy. Geol. Soe. Cornwall, Vol. 10, 1887, Penzance, pp. XVII-XX. Treats of tin occurrence, mining and production of Queensland, New South Wales, Banca, Billiton and the East Indies in a very brief way. Stevens, Cuas. Tin; history and production. Austr. Mg. Stand., Vol. 28, 1902, Sydney and Melbourne, pp. 543-544, 580, 2700 words. “* Reviews the history of this mineral, giving the sources of supply, the formation of the lodes, ete.’’ STRUTHERS, JOSEPH, and Pratt, JosepH Hyper. The production of tin in 19038. Min. Res. U. S. for 1908, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1904, Washington, D. C., pp. 335-349. Treats briefly of the Black Hills deposits; the Alaskan deposits (taken from A. J. Collier’s Bull. 229, U. S. Geol. Surv.); the Carolina tin belt; the market conditions, especially in the United States; and the world’s production. TASSIN, Wirr. Descriptive catalogue of the collections of gems in the U. S. National Museum. Ann. Rep. Board Reg. Smithsonian Institution, 1902, Washington, D. C., p. 494. Cassiterite is described. 202 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued) 1366. Ure’s Dictionary of Arts, manufactures and mines. 7th Ed., Vol. 3, 1878, London, pp. 998-1009, figs. 12. General article on tin. Description of minerals, localities where found, method of treatment of ore. : 1367. VAN Hisr, CHARLES RicHaArp. A treatise on metamorphism. Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., Vol. 47, Washington, D. C., pp. 1053-1055, 1058, 1127-1128. Treats of the processes of deposition of tin ores. 1368. Voer, J. H. L. Ueber die durch pneumatolytische Processe an Granit gebundenen Mineral-Neubildungen. Zeitschr. prakt. Geol., 1894, Berlin, pp. 458-465. Exposition of the author’s and others’ views upon the deposition of tin and other minerals connected with granite intrusions. 1369. ———. Zinnstein-Gang gruppe. Zeitschr. prakt. Geol., 1895, Berlin, pp. 145-156, figs. 5. Most of the tin deposits of the world are treated. A general, genetic discussion is given. 1370. ————. Problems in the geology of ore deposits. Trans. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 31, 1902, New York, pp. 134-136. Also in Genesis of Ore Deposits, Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., pp. 639 and 657 (2d Ed.). Cassiterite and apatite veins. Points out that the former are always connected with acid igneous rocks, while the apatite veins are connected with gabbro. 1871. WALKER, CuAs. H. Hints to aid the identification of stream tin. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 90, 1905, San Francisco, pp. 188-189. ** Several tests that may be used by the miner are given: most common colors are black, brown, red and yellow. A sapphire will easily scratch the smooth surface of a pebble or crystal of stream tin, but a quartz crystal will only make a scratch when a heavy pressure is applied. .... Extremely hard, very heavy, unmetallic appearance, uninteresting, and unsuggestive of value.’’ 1372. Weeks, JosepH D. Tin. Its history, production and statistics. Amer. Mfr. Iron World (Tin-plate Suppl.), Vol. 50, 1892, Pittsburg, pp. 11-338. Tlus. Gives a history of tin; describes tin ores; their occurrence; deposits of Cornwall, with short notes upon other deposits of the world; methods of mining, smelting and refining; and gives statistics of production. Also treats of the tin plate industry, defines technical terms and describes machinery used. it. history 1373. ANoNyMous. Tin trade of the seventeenth century. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 19, 1849, London, p. 400. SEG Nos. 310 and 611. 1374. Appleton, W. S. The earliest American coin. American Journal of Numismatics, Vol. 5, 1870, Boston, pp. 25-27, fig. 1. Short description and illustration of the anchor shaped piece of tin used by the Aztecs as money. 1375. Bapst, GERMAIN. Les métaux dans l’antiquité et au moyen age. L’étain: 1883, Paris. Not available to the authors. 1376. ———.. Etudes sur l’étain, dans l’antiquité et au moyen age. 1884, Paris. Not available to the authors. 1377. Batren, JouHn. The stannaries act, 1869, with notes. 1873, London. Not available to the authors. 1378. Baupot, F. Histoire, conditions géologiques et principaux usages de l’étain. Bull. Soc. Indust. min., ser. 3, Vol. 1, livre 1, 1887, Saint Etienne, pp. 335-343. 1379. BertHeLot, P. Métaux et minéraux provenant de l’antique Chaldée. Sur les origines de l’étain dans le monde ancien. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 104, 1887, Paris, pp. 265-271. 1380. BIBLe. Numbers 31: 22. Tin found among spoils of Midianites in days of Moses. Ezekiel 27: 12. Tin is mentioned as abundant in Phenicia in early ages, and as a current commodity of commerce at Tyre, although not produced there. 1381. BorLAsE, WILLIAM CopELAND. Observations on the ancient and present state of the island of Scilly, and their importance to the trade of Great Britain. 1756, Oxford, pp. 72-78. Discusses the question of where the Pheenicians got their tin. Historical. 1382. ————. Antiquities, historical and monumental of the county of Corn- wall, ete. 1769, London (2d Ed.), pp. 29-30. Treats very briefly of the early Grecian and Pheenician tin trade. 1383. ————. Historical sketch of the tin trade in Cornwall, from the earliest period to the present day. 1874, Plymouth, pp. 7-72. Tllus. 204 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VoL. 58 HISTORY (Continued) 1384. BurNARD, Rogerr. Antiquity of mining in Dartmoor. Ann. Rep. Trans. Plymouth Inst., Devon and Cornwall Nat. Hist. Soc., Vol. 11, 1890-1894 (1894), Plymouth, pp. 85-112, figs. 5. From an examination of evidence to be found in Cornwall, and also from early writers, the author reaches the conclusion that the ‘‘ probable antiquity of the Bronze Age in Britain is from three to four thousand years, and the consequent production of tin in Devon and Cornwall must be as old.’’ A number of old documents dealing with the laws and customs of the Stannaries in Devon are reprinted. Cuurcu, A. H. See No. 620. 1385. Cottins, J. H. Seven centuries of tin production in the west of Eng- land. Read March, 1891. Trans. Mg. Ass. Inst. Cornwall, Vol. 3, 1892, Camborne, pp. 173-184, discussion, pp. 184-198. Historically interesting. Review of English tin production from early records. 1386. D——, C. H. The “ Cornwall” of France; ancient tin works. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 36, 1866, London, p. 210. A brief review of the writings of M. Simonin and M. Mallard on the subject of the working of the ancient tin mines at Limousin and La Marche, thought to have been worked by the Gauls. 1387. Davy, L. Sur lancienneté probable de lexploitation de l'étain, en Bretagne. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 125, 1897, Paris, pp. 337-339. 1388. DUFRENE, HeEcToR. Etude sur Vhistoire de la production et du com- merce de ]’étain. Ann. Gén. Civ., Vol. 9, 1880, Paris, pp. 649-681, 793-826. Not available to the authors, 1389. EpMoNpDsS, RicHArD. On the Phoenician tin trade in Cornwall, with re- marks on the great irruption of the sea in the eleventh century, sand- hillocks, ‘‘ raised beaches,’ the causeway between Marazion and St. Michael’s Mount; and the origin of the names Marazion, Market Jew, Iktin and Britain. Ann. Rep. Trans. Plymouth Inst. Devon and Cornwall Nat. Hist. Soc., Vol. 8, 1868, Plymouth, pp. 17-37. Historical. 1390. Frowrer, PuHirre Wm. A history of the trade in tin; a short description of tin mining and metallurgy; a history of the origin and process of the tin plate trade, and a description of the ancient and modern proc- ess of manufacturing tin plates. Extracts from ‘‘ Boston Herald,’? Sci. Amer. Suppl., Vol. 82, 1891, New York, pp. 13280-13281. 1891. GATzSCHMANN, M. F. Beitraége zur Geschichte des Freiberger Zinnberg- baues. Berg. Hiitt. Zeit., Vol. 3, 1844, Leipzig, pp. 3-8, 63-68, 125-131, 164-171, 232-243. 1392. Grorce, R. D. Mining and use of metals by the ancient Egyptians. Pop. Sci. Mo., Vol. 67, 1905, New York, pp. 696-697. Mentions a bronze article found dating back to Papi, a Pharaoh of the sixth dynasty, about 2500 B. C, © NO. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS ‘205 HISTORY (Continued) 1393. GREATHEAD, SAMUEL. On the knowledge and commerce of tin among ancient nations. Trans. Roy. Geol. Soe. Cornwall, Vol. 2, 1822, Penzance, pp. 359-365, Article tracing the use of tin among the ancient nations, and also drawing con- clusions as to where it was mined. 1394. HANKs, Henry G. Tin. Ann. Rep. California State Min. 1880 (1881), Sacramento, pp. 31-32. Short history of the discovery cf the tin deposits of the world. Tin is mentioned as occurring in ‘‘ veins of rich tin ore ’? in San Bernardino County, California. 1395. Hawkins, C. Observations on the tin trade of the ancients, in Cornwall and on the “ Ictis” of Diodorus Siculus. 1811, London, Historically interesting. 1396. HAWKINS, JoHn. On the state of our tin mines at different periods, until the commencement of the 18th century. Trans. Roy Geol. Soc. Cornwall, Vol. 4, 1838, Penzance, pp. 70-94. A historical recount of the tin mines of England beginning with the period of the Romans. 1397. Hunt, Rosr. Tin mining in Cornwall and its traditions. Good Words, 1867, London, pp. 126-181. Historical, treating of the traditions and early history of Cornish tin mining. Hunt, Rospert. See Nos. 412 and 413. 1398. JAMES, Henry. Note on the block of tin dredged up in Falmouth harbor. 45th Ann. Rep. Roy. Inst. Cornwall, 1868, Truro, pp. 29-33, pls. 4. Considering the peculiar form of this block of tin, its weight and the place where it was dredged up, it appears to throw light upon the still vexed question of the locality of the Ictis of Diodorous. Quotations from passages of Diodorous, relative to tin trade of Britain. 1399. ————. On ancient Pheenician tin trade. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 84, 1864, London, p. 65. Abstract of address delivered at Southampton Polytechnic Institution, 1400. Kenprick, JOHN. Pheenicia. 1855, London, pp. 212-223. Treats of the early Pheenician tin trade with Britain and speculates as to the Cassiterides. + 1401. Lewis, Grorck CornewaLu. An historical survey of the astronomy of the ancients. 1862, London, pp. 450-457. Quotes many of the ancient writers on Phoenician trade, and comes to the conclusion that tin was supplied in early times to nations in the east of the Mediterranean by the overland route across Gaul, and that the Pheenician ships got it at the mouth of the Rhone, without sailing as far as Britain. Some tin may have been obtained from Gades. 1402. Lewis, Grorak RANDALL. The Stannaries: A study of the English tin miner. 1908, Boston, pp. 299, Bibl. “The author aims to give, on the basis of the available printed and manuscript sources, an account of English tin mining and miners from the twelfth to the eighteenth centuries.”’ 206 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VoL. 58 HISTORY (Continued) Louis, Henry. See No. 1340. 1403. MAcLEAN, Joun. Stannary roll 34th, Edward I (1305-1306) with intro- ductory remarks thereon, and on other similar rolls. Journ. Roy. Inst. Cornwall, Vol. 8, No. 12, 1871, Truro, pp. 238-241. Remarks on same, pp. XXVI-XXVII. Extracts from MSS. showing the magnitude of tin mining in Cornwall during the fourteenth century. 1404. ————. The tin trade of Cornwall in the reigns of Elizabeth and James compared with that of Edward I. Journ. Roy. Inst. Cornwall, Vol. 4, 1874, Truro, pp. 187-190. Brief account of tin ‘‘ coined ’’ between years 1305-1607. 1405. Napier, CHas. R. G. On the localities from whence the gold and tin of the ancients were derived. Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci., 45th meeting 1875, Bristol, pt. 2, 1876, London, p. 177 (Abs.). Tin was known, at least 1500 years B. C. Britain, Brazil and Sumatra mentioned as tin supplying countries for ancients. 1406. Patrison, S. R. On ancient and modern tin-works in France. Journ. Roy. Inst. Cornwall, Vol. 2, October, 1867, Truro, pp. 343-345. Author arrives at following conclusions, some as historical facts, the rest as proba- bilities: (1) At one epoch the provinces of Limousin ard Marche possessed at Montebras and Vaulry important tin mines. (2) Similar works were probably attempted throughout these two Provinces, which accounts for the numerous remains of open works now visible. (3) Gold, which is found at Vaulry, and traces of gold at St. Leonard, had proba- bly been sought for by the old miners in these works. (4) The silence of history, and the open character of the works, justify him in attributing them to the Gauls. 1407. PeEARcE, GitperT B. Blocks of tin found in Fowey Harbour. Journ. Roy. Inst. Cornwall, Vol. 15, pt. 2, 1908, Truro, pp. 345-346. Brief account of four blocks of tin, very rough castings. As they bore no mark or coinage stamp, the writer infers that they probably belong to a time previous to the institution cf the coinage law. 1408. Prinrus, Catus. Natural History. Bohns Classical Library. Trans. by John Bostock & H. T. Riley, 1887, London. Book 4, chap. 30, Vol. 1, p. 352. Timaeus, the historian said to mention that ‘‘ white lead ’”’ is found on the island of Mictis 6 days’ sail from Britannia. Book 7, chap. 57, Vol.,2, p. 225. Midacritus was the first who brought tin from the island called Cassiteris. Book 34, chap. 47, Vol. 6, pp. 212-215. Greeks brought ‘‘ white lead ’’ from Lusitania and Gallecia. P. 218. ‘* White lead was held in estimation even in the days of the Trojan war, a fact that is attested by Homer, who calls it ‘ cassiteros.’ ”’ 1409. Potwuetr, R. The history of Cornwall. Vols. 7, 1816, London. Not available to the authors. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 207 HISTORY (Continued) 1410. RAwLINsoN, GEORGE. Phoenicia. 1898, New York and London, pp. 66-67, 69-70. Gives an account of the planting of colonies in Andalusia, Spain; led there by riches of country, among which gold, silver, quicksilver, tin, lead, copper and _ iron are mentioned as occurring in the mountains in which the ancient Baetis and tribu- taries rise. They also planted colonies on the Scilly islands, attracted by mineral wealth, and from there they exported tin and lead to Greece and Asia. 1411. Reyer, —. Tin, and its history. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 49, 1879, London, p. 1299. Historical sketch of tin beginning with 1800 B.C. down to 1873, A. D., when Tasmanian stream tin became known. 1412. Reyer, Epuarp. Allgemeine Geschichte des Zinnes. Oest. Zeitschr. Berg. Hiitt. Vol. 28, 1880, Wien, pp. 499-501, 514-516. Translated by Symons, B. in 1881. Trans. Mg. Ass. Inst. Cornwall, Vol. 4, 1893, pp. 188-150, Review: Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 31, 1881, New York, pp. 313-314. Digest: Ann. Brit. Geol. 1893, London, p. 280. “The name ‘tin’ is of Gallic origin, being derived from ‘ ostean,’ Cornish *stean.” It is estimated that in 1881 the production of tin in the various parts of the world was: Australia, 10,000 to 15,000 tons; England, 10,000; Straits of Malacca, etc., 10,0009; Banca and Billiton, 7000 to 9000; Tasmania, 3000 to 5000; and China, 5000 tons.’’ 1418. Ruys, Jonn. Early Britain, Celtic Britain. 1904, London, pp. 44, 46, 48, 204, 287. Gives account of early tin trade, history of Cassiterides, location, ete. 1414. Saunpers, C. D. The ancient Cornish tin trade. 83d Ann. Rep. Roy. Cornwall Polyt. Soc., 1865, Falmouth, pp. 42-45. A discussion as to whether the Phcenicians carried on their tin trade as a maritime one, i.e. through the Pillars of Hercules, or as a land trade through Gaul to Mediterranean Sea. Scumipt, ALBERT. See Nos. 570 and 571. 1415. ScuouurMAN, J. A. Historische schets van de tinwinning op Banka. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1898, II, Tech. and Admin. Amsterdam, pp. 1-112. 1416. Srmontn, L. Sur l’ancienne exploitation des mines d’étain de la Bretagne. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 62, 1866, Paris, pp. 346-347. 1417. SmirkKEe, Epwarp. Tin trade between Britain and Alexandria in the 17th century. Journ. Roy. Inst. Cornwall, Vol. 2, 1867, Truro, pp. 283-291. 1418. Smiru, Grorer. The Cassiterides: an inquiry into the commercial operations of the Phenicians in Western Europe, with particular reference to the British tin trade. 1868, London, pp. 154. Believes that tin was obtained from Cornwall as early as the period between 1200 and 1500 B. C., and that tin did not come from Malay Peninsula during these early times. 1419. Taytor, Joun. Sketch of the history of mining in Devon and Cornwall. Philos. Mag. Vol. 5, 1800, London, pp. 357-365. 208 1420. 1422. 1423. 1424. 1425. 1426. ——— 14270 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vol. 58 HISTORY (Continued) Tytor, A. Is Iktis in Cornwall, and did iron and copper precede tin? Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 53, 1888, London, p. 1895, sketch maps 4. Historical. States that pure iron was used in Egypt B.C. 3124, and argues that since iron was a necessity for production of copper, and tin was of no use without copper, iron and copper must have been known first. Wait, F. W. See No. 482. . WARNER, RicHArp. A tour through Cornwall (with an account of the mines). 1809, Bath and London, pp. 245-282. Gives a sketch of the early history of tin, and in a brief way, the geology of tin deposits of Cornwall. WEEKS, JosrepH D. See No. 1372. WERNER, —. Le plus ancien de tous les métaux. Journ. Mines No. 18, Vol. 3, 1795 et 1796, Paris, pp. 90-96. Wueeter, H. A. Tin mining in the Ozarks. A bit of history. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 77, 1904, New York, p. 323. Describes attempt to mine tin at Tin Mountain, some 10 miles south of Frederick- town, about 180 miles south of St. Louis, Mo., where there was no tin. Exposes the methods used. Account of a clever fraud. WINER, —. Die Metalle und Mineralien bie den alten Egyptiern. Berg. Hiitt. Zeit., Vol. 40, 1881, Leipzig, p. 467. Tin is mentioned among the metals used by the ancient Egyptians. Wortu, R. N. Historical notes concerning the progress of mining skill in Devon and Cornwall. 40th Ann. Rep. Roy. Cornwall Polyt. Soc., 1872, Falmouth, pp. 63-121.* From a historical point of view the author treats of the discovery, methods and progress of early mining, including tools, machinery and power; dressing, smelting and sale of tin and copper, with short discussion of the early miner. The antiquity of mining in the west of England. 42d Ann, Rep. Trans. Plymouth Inst. Devon and Cornwall Nat. Hist. Soc., 1873-1874 (1874), Plymouth, pp. 120-140. Conclusions reached are: “First. That the historical evidence of the antiquity of western mining takes it back at least 2800 years. ““Second. That the inferential evidence carries it nearly 2000 years further, and possibly doubles the first-named period. “Third. That the geological evidence would antedate the commencement of mining, and consequently the use of metals, to a time when the mammoth either still existed in the west of England, or had not long disappeared; and when the general level of Devon and Cornwall was at least 30 feet higher than it is now. Taking Sir Charles Lyell’s estimate of the rate of crust motion at 21% feet in a century, fully 2000 years would thus be covered by the gradual process of subsidence and whilst we cannot tell when it ended, nor perhaps accurately estimate the chronological value of later changes, we know from St. Michael’s Mount that it must have ceased certainly 2000 years ago; whilst other reasons appear to indicate a much more remote antiquity.’’ The ancient stannary of Ashburton. Trans. Devonshire Ass. Ady. Sci. Lit. Art, Vol. 8, 1876, Plymouth, pp. 311-322. Digest: Geol. Ree. for 1876, London, p. 332. ““ An historical account of the stannaries of Devonshire with special reference to that of Ashburton, from the year 1197; statistics as to the produce of tin in county, and note of the minerals found.”’ ~—v 1428. 1429. 1430. 1431. 14382. IV METAELURGY: AND CHEMISTRY AARON, C. H. Assaying of tin ores. Assaying, pts. II and III, 1900, San Francisco, pp. 127-128. Short account of methods used in assaying tin ore. AariIcoLa, Grorerus. See No. 1277. ALLARD, —. Crystallization of tin. Ann. Indust. nat. étr., April, 1820, Paris. Translated and abstracted by Editor Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1st ser., Vol. 17, 1830, New Haven, pp. 206-208. A method of producing ‘‘ moiré métallique’’ on tin plate by the application of acids and heat. ALLEN, ALFRED H. On metastannic acid and the detection and estimation of tin. Chem. News, Vol. 25, 1872, London, pp. 170-171. Abstract of paper read before the Chemical Society, March 7, 1872. Finds that matastannie acid is much more soluble in acids than had been supposed by Fresenius and others, and that ordinary stannic sulphate is formed by treatment with hot H,SO,. Uses this reaction in the estimation of tin in alloys. ALLEN, J. F. On the alloys of tin, zinc, lead and other metals with Manganese. Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sei. 40th meeting, September, 1870, Liverpool, pt. 2, 1871, London, pp. 50-51. [Abs.] Makes manganese-copper alloy from the oxides, then adds tin or other metal, forming an alloy that can be rolled or cast for bearings, etc. AnonyMous. Improved method of estimating tin. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 20, 1850, London, p. 489. ‘* Hitherto in chemical analysis tin has always been estimated in the form of stan- nicy:acid, Gperoxidesof) tin) a7.) ser. citey 0S The new method depends on the facility with which protochloride of tin withdraws chlorine from bodies capable of furnish- ing it.’ 14388. Properties of the alloys of copper and tin. Tron Age, Vol. 24, 1879, Dee. 4, New York, p. 15; Dec. 11, pp. 9, 11; Dec. 18, p. 3. Gives results of torsional, compressive and transverse stress tests; analyses and specific gravities; and a comparion of the ductilities of various bronzes, 1434. ————. Disintegration of tin. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 44, 1882, San Francisco, p. 275. Short discussion of the cause of the disintegration of tin from cold. Theory advanced that it is due to crystallization, possibly to dimorphism, 1435. ————. Recovering tin from scrap tin. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 49, 1884, San Francisco, p. 51. Describes a process of tin recovery by oxidizing the tin on tin scrap in heated air. Copied. Original place of publication unknown to authors. 209 210 1436. ———. eS le 1433 143955 ————— Os 1441 ————— es 1442a. 1442b. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 METALLURGY AND CHEMISTRY (Continued) Mercurialized tin. f Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 45, 1888, New York, p. 217. Note from ‘‘ Chemical Journal,’’ of Niiremberg stating persons working in a smelt- ing establishment were poisoned by tin containing 1.3 per cent Hg. Assais des minerais d’étain par la voie seche. Métallurgie, Vol. 28, 1897, Paris, pp. 331-333. Recovering tin from scrap. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 76, 1908, New York, p. 58, about 150 words. Plants for the recovery of metallic tin sre being operated in Germany [seven], Austria [one], England [one]. Germany is drawing supplies for tin recovery plants from England, France and Switzerland. British patent, 736, 924 of 1903. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 76, 1908, New York, p. 360. Electrolytic method of recovering tin from scrap. Electrolytic production of tin. Queensland Gov. Mg. Journ., November, 1904, Brisbane. ** Description of German patent for obtaining tin from any substance containing the metal.”’ Not available to the authors. Electrolytic methods of treating tin scrap. Engineer, Vol. 98, 1904, London, pp. 5-6, 2500 words. Details of all processes which have been tried industrially; cost of operating, and the future of industry. Recovery of tin from old cans. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 79, 1905, New York, p. 428, 500 words. “‘Tin cans are put in 2 per cent solution of SnCl,, which dissolves tin forming SnCl. Then electrolysed, tin falling in crystals .1875 in. long and solution again containing SnCl, is pumped back. Carried on at 70° F. Known as Bergse process and used at Copenhagen, Denmark, works. Wet method for the assay of tin in ores, ete. South African Mg. Journ., May 2, 1908, Johannesburg, p. %4. ‘Gives a simple and reliable process for the determination of tin in tin ores by the wet method.’’ Detinning industry. Iron and Coal Tr. Rev., Vol. 78, 1909, London, p. 415, fig. 2. “* A review of the detinning industry with notes on chlorine detinning and also a short note on the Goldschmidt company.’’ See No. 1294. 1448. Batiine, Cari. Manuel pratique l’art de l’assayeur. 1881, Paris, pp. 488-500. Methods of assaying tin ores. 1444. Bannister, C. O. On the assay of auriferous tinstone. Trans. Inst. Mg. Met., Vol. 15, 1905-1906, London, pp. 513-519. Discussion pp. 520-523. Gives results obtained in assaying stream-tin for gold by scorification, crucible assay, a wet method, concentration of the gold in a part of the tin, and by the collection of the gold in the whole of the tin. Considers the crucible method to be the best. NO. % BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—ILESS ALL METALLURGY AND CHEMISTRY (Continued) 1445. B&icuamp, A., and SAINTPIERRE, C. Recherches sur la séparation [par voie humide] de l’or et du platine, d’avec létain et l’antimoine. C. R. Acad. Sei., Vol. 52, 1861, Paris, pp. 757-759. 1446. BerGeEMANN, C. Mineral-Analysen. Zinnstein von Xeres in Mexico. Neues Jahrb. Min., 1857, Stuttgart, p. 395. 1447. Berctunp, Emm. Neue Methode zur qualitativen Scheidung von Zinn, Antimon und Arsen. Berichte deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft, Vol. 17, I, 1884, Berlin, pp. 95-98. Digest: Amer. Chem, Journ., Vol. 7, 1555-1886 (1886), Baltimore, p. 133. 1447a. Berincer, J. J. Wet assay of tin ores. Mg. Mag., Vol. 1, 1909, London, pp. 281-282. Discussion by Pearce, Richard, ibid., pp. 307-308. 1448. BerrHetot, —. Action de l’oxygéne sur les chlorures acides et composés analogues: étain, silicium, bore. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 86, 1878, Paris, pp. 920-926. 1449. Berruier, P. Analyse d’un étain allié. Ann. Mines, 8d ser.,; Vol. 11, 1837, Paris, pp. 513-514. 1450. ———. Analyse d’un étain allié. [Extrait.] Ann. Mines, 3d ser., Vol. 19, 1841, Paris, pp. 702-703. 1450a. Berrer, W. Assaying tin ores. South African Mg. Journ., September 12, 1908, Johannesburg, pp. 1%. “Discusses the various methods for the assay of tin and compares the merits of the Cornish wet and dry methods.’’ 1451. Berrs, ANson G. Electrolytic lead refining. [Tin in refined lead.] Trans. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 34, 1908, New York, p. 180. Tin has been found in electrolytically refined lead at Trail, B. C., to the extent of 0.02 per cent. No difficulty is experienced in removing this from the lead by poling before casting. 1452. Bintincs, G. H. The properties of iron alloyed with other metals. Trans. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 5, 1877, New York, p. 450. i Reprint: Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 28, 1877, New York, pp. 394-395. Results of experiments made by combining a small per cent of tin with iron. Of all metals alloyed with iron, experiments point to the fact that tin has the most hurtful effect. 1453. Bonnet, E. Vererbeitung der Schlacken vom Zinnerzschmelzen vermit- telst verdtinnter Schwefelsaure. Berg. Hiitt. Zeit., Vol. 57, 1898, Leipzig, pp. 203-204. Digest: Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., Vol. 183, 1898, London, pp. 452-453. “The final slags produced in smelting of tin ores in the reverberatory furnace cannot, as a rule, be brought to lower content of tin than about 4 per cent, which in works smelting ten tons of ore daily, represents a loss of 3 ewt. to 4 cwt. of metallic tin. Author finds that this may be recovered to a great extent by decomposing the slag with sulphuric acid, when the iron and tin are dissolved, giving a solution from which the latter metal may be recovered by electrolysis.’’ 1454. Boucarp, A. Dosage de ]’étain dans les minerais. Rey. Univ. Mines Mét. Trav. Publ. Sci. Arts Appl. Indust., sem. 2, Vol. 8, 1860, Liége and Paris, pp. 452-483. 212 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 METALLURGY AND CHEMISTRY (Continued) 1455. ————. Recherches sur la séparation par voie humide de lor et du platine d’avec 1’étain et l’antimoine. Rey. Univ. Mines Mét. Trav. Publ. Sci. Arts Appl. Indust., sem. 2, Vol. 10, 1861, pp. 171-173. 1455a. BrRAcCKENBURY, C. Notes on tin dressing. Bull. Inst. Mg. Met., 52, Jan. 14, 1909, London. “Contributed remarks in which the author gives a series of experiments showing a great variation between vanning assays and chemical assays of tin ore.”’ 1456. BRANDENBURG, H., WEYLAND, A., and Kempen, A. R. British patent, 16,- 3877 of 1903. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 76, 1908, New York, p. 630. “Tin extraction from dross. The use of a mixture of sulphuric and hydrochloric acids for extracting tin from dross and slags, the whole of the tin being thus extracted in soluble form without being thrown down as oxide.’’ 1457. Brooks, Ceciz J. Quantitative estimation of tin. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 61, 1896, New York, p. 494. A brief record of experiments made to ascertain the cause of the low results which are often obtained in the determination of tin. 1458. Browne, FRANK. Chinese tin. Chem. News, Vol. 95, 1907, London, pp. 3, 4. Abstract by W. 8. Landis in Chem. Abs., No. 5, Vol. 1, March 5, 1907, Easton, p. 549. Description of a Chinese method of smelting tin. 1459. BunsEeN, R. Unterscheidung und Trennung des Arseniks von Antimon und Zinn. Ann. Chem. Pharm., Vol. 106, 1858, Heidelberg, p. 3. 1460. Canours, A. Recherches sur les radicaux organo-métallique. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 48, 1859, Paris, pp. 833-837. Action des alliages d’étain et de sodium sur les éthers iodhydriques des différentes séries alcooliques. 1461. CAnours, A., and DEMARGAy, E. Sur les stannpropyles et les isostann- propyles. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 88, 1879, Paris, pp. 1112-1117. 1462. ———-. Sur les radicaux organométalliques de l’étain. Stannbutyles et stannamyles. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 89, 1879, Paris, pp. 68-73. 1468. CAnours, A., and Ricur, A. Recherches sur le stannéthyle, nouveau radical organique renfermant de ]’étain. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 35, 1852, Paris, pp. 91-95. Abstract in Amer. Journ, Sci. Arts, 2d ser., Vol. 14, 1852, New Haven, p. 421. Description of and mode of making an organic tin compound to whose radical the authors give the name ‘‘ stannethyl.’’ . 1464. ————. Recherches sur un nouveau radical organique refermant de l’étain, le stanméthyle. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 36, 1858, Paris, pp. 1001-1004, NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN——HESS 213 1465. 1466. 1467. 1468. 1469. 1403\-——. METALLURGY AND CHEMISTRY (Continued) CAPITAINE, H. De J’action de l’étain, de larsenic, de l’antimoine et du soufre sur les chlorures de mercure. Ann. Mines, ser. 8, Vol. 17, 1840, Paris, pp. 441-445. Extrait: Journ. Pharm., Vol. 25, 1839, Paris, p. 50. CARPENTER, F. R., and HEAppEN, W. P. Note on the influence of colum- bite upon the tin assay. Trans. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 17, 1889, New York, pp. 633-636. Discussion by Blake, W. P., ibid., pp. 785-787. The results of assays made upon tin ores from the Black Hills are given: conclude that the presence of columbite is injurious, and that the buttons owe their increase in weight to impurities derived from it. CHARLETON, ARTHUR G. See No. 1310. CrarkK, DonAtp. See No. 1076. CLARKE, F. W. On a new method of separating tin from arsenic, anti- mony and molybdenum. Chem. News, Vol. 21, 1870, London, p. 124. Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, Vol. 49, 1870, New Haven, pp. 48-51. Reviewed by Koninck, L. L. de.—Rev. Univ. Mines, Mét. Trav. Publ. Sci. Arts Appl. Indust., ser. 1, Vol. 29, 1871, Liége and Paris, p. 151. (See No. 1477.) Cottins, Henry F. On adobe and other cheap and makeshift furnaces. Trans. Inst. Mg. Met., Vol. 12, 1902-1908, London, p. 425. Reference to furnaces and slags at some large old tin mines at Bundi, Federated Malay States, Couuins, J. H. On the assay of tin and on the solubility of cassiterite. Trans. Inst. Mg. Met., Vol. 13, 1905, London, pp. 485-486, remarks, p. 487. Reprint: Austr. Mg. Stand., Vol. 32, 1904, Sydney and Melbourne, p. 174. Abstract: Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 77, 1904, New York, p. 928. Believes vanning to be the best mine test, and reduction by fusion of SnO, with KCN a good assay. Finds that finely powdered SnO, may be largely dissolved by “H,SO, and zine, and with HCl. The use of the impact screen in tin dressing. Mg. Mag., June, 1906, New York, p. 521. , Abstract: Journ. Chem. Met. Min. Soc. South Africa, Vol. 7, 1906, Johannesburg, pp. 54-55. 1471. Cowrrr, Cotes S. Electrolytic refining of tin and treatment of tin ores. Electr. Eng., Vol. 22, 1898, New York, pp. 81-82. Digest: Min. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., Vol. 136, pt. II, 1898-1899 (1899), London, p. 442. Description of various methods tried from time to time for the electrolytic refining of tin, and also for the recovery of tin from its ores. The process of Claus, which consists in using an electrolyte of stannate of sodium or sulpho-stannate of sodium, is given as one of the most successful methods. ; 1472. CrAMeER, JOHN ANDREW. Elements of the art of assaying metals. Trans- lated from the Latin. Illustrated with copper plates. 1741, London. The titles of the chapters dealing with tin are: 1. Tin, pp. 3, 19-20. 1473. 1474, 1475. 1476. 1477. 1478. 1479. 1480. 1481. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VoL. 58 METALLURGY AND CHEMISTRY (Continued) . Precipitation of silver out of tin, by scorification, pp. 228-230. . The reduction of tin ore in a close vessel, pp. 334-335. . The reduction of tin ore, extempore, pp. 335-336. . To reduce tin ore by a stratification with coals, pp. 336-337. orm Oo CroockEwIt, J. H. Over de wijze van uitsmelting (herleiding) van den tinerts door de Chineezen op Banka. 1852, Batavia, pp. 87. Not available to the authors. De Konincu, L. L., and Lecrenter, A. Séparation qualitative de lor et du platine d’avec l’arsenic, l’antimonie et ]’étain. Rev. Univ. Mines Mét. Trav. Publ. Sci. Arts Appl. Indust., ser. 3, Vol. 2, 1888, Liége and Paris, pp. 98-99. DELACHANAL, B., and Mrermet, A. Sur un composé de platine, d’étain et d’oxygéne, analogue au pourpre de Cassius. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 81, 1875, Paris, pp. 370-371. DELVAUX DE Fenrre, A. Purification de l’étain et emploi du tungsténe pour l’amélioration de l’acier et de la fonte de fer. Rev. Univ. Mines Mét. Tray, Publ. Sci. Arts Appl. Indust., sem. 1, Vol. 7, 1860, Liége and Paris, pp. 81-86. Dewey, Frep P. On Clarke’s method for the separation of tin from arsenic and antimony. Amer. Chem. Journ., Vol. 1, 1879-1880 (1889), Baltimore, pp. 244-251. See No. 1467. Digest, P. H. van. Het tinsmelten op Bangka. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1872, I, Amsterdam, pp. 217-253. Twee platen en twee bijlagen. Abstract: Berg. Hiitt. Zeit., Vol. 32, 1878, Leipzig, pp. 428-424. Bijlage I, Bevattende het rapport der Commissie tot het uitvoeren van vergelijkende smeltproeven, ingesteld bij gouvernementsbesluit, dd. 2 Mei 1866. Bijlage II, Beschrijving van de inrichting, den bouw en het gebruik van den nieuwen of vierkanten smeltoven voor Bangka. i Dierzscu, F. The treatment of tin-wolfram-copper ores at the Clitters United Mines. Trans. Inst. Mg. Met., Vol. 15, 1906, London, pp. 2-28, discussion, pp. 29-61, figs. 5. A detailed account of new methods used in reopening and working the old Clitters mine, near Gunnislake in East Cornwall. Disk, P. vAN. Omsmelting en zuivering van drie partijen Banka-tin aan het Koloniaal Etablissement te Amsterdam. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1890, Amsterdam, I, Tech. en Admin. pp. IJI-X XIII, Verslag, waarbij twee platen. Dovetas, J. C. The cry of tin.’ Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 48, 1881, San Francisco, p. 99. The sound emitted by tin when bent, is not peculiar to tin and can be imitated with other metals of a crystalline structure. Heated rolled zine emits a “‘ ery ”’ like tin, only fainter. Cast zinc, if pinched between the teeth or plier emits the sound distinctly. This ery, alone or in conjunction with a microphone, becomes an indicator of the crystalline texture of metal beams and their fitness for certain classes of work. The original place of publication is unknown to the authors. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN-—HESS 215 METALLURGY AND CHEMISTRY (Continued) 1482. DussAaucr, —. Metallurgy of tin. Amer. Journ. Mg. Mill. Oilb. Geol. Min. Met., Vol. 4, 1867, New York, pp. 354-355, 371, 386-387. Describes the ores of tin, localities where found, preparations for smelting, and smelting and refining processes. Serial. First three articles only available to the authors, 1483. Dyxrs, F. J. B. Analysing of tin slag. Perak Gov. Gaz., Vol. 17, No. 26, July 15, 1904, Supplement, Kuala Lumpur, Malay Peninsula, p. 1. Ten analyses of slags from slag heaps at native furnaces gave from 2.32 per cent to 8.4 per cent tin. 1483a. Epwarps, C. P. Assay of tin. South African Mg. Journ., November 7, 1908, Johannesburg, p. %4. ** A description of the method used, with special reference to adapting the scheme to different ores.’’ 1484. Eateston, T. The law of fatigue and refreshment of metals. Effect of vibration on tin. Trans. Amer. Mg. Eng., Vol. 8, 1879-1880, New York, pp. 400-401. Tin is apparently an exceptional metal in its behavior under vibration, although enough data could nct be obtained to prove the law or the exception. Evuis, THos. F., and McKiLuop, Joun. See No. 1530. 1485. Exsner, L. Moyen de séparer l’arsenic de 1]’étain. Ann. Mines, ser. 3, Vol. 19, 1841, Paris, p. 529. Extract from Ann, Chem. Pharm., Vol. 82, Heidelberg. 1486. ————. Ueber die Trennung des Goldes und Platins von Zinn und Arsenik. Journ. prakt. Chem., Vol. 35, 1845, Leipzig, pp. 3810-312. 1487. Encer, R. Sur les acides stanniques. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 125, 1897, Paris, pp. 651-654. 1488. ———. Sur I/’action de ]’étain azotique sur 1]’étain. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 125, 1897, Paris, pp. 7C9-711. FLower, P. W. See No. 1390. 1489. Frower-Euis, T. J. A brief account of the Malay tin industry. Proc, Chem. Met. Soc. South Africa, Vol. 2, 1897, Johannesburg, pp. 5-18, fig. 1. Reprint: Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 67, 1897, London, pp. 532, 592-593. Peninsula is described as a ‘‘ huge ridge of granite and porphyry, with occasional tracts of overlying and highly distorted sandstone, slate, schists and limestones, the lower ground being filled in with alluvial beds of clay, sand and gravel.’’ Ore is associated with granite, both in lode and alluvial deposits. Richest pay gravel rests on the lowest clay bed, usually an impure kaolin. Methods of obtaining valuation of tin-bearing ground, Chinese method of mining, methods of smelting used by both Chinese and Europeans, tests for quantity of tin given. 1490. Foutton, H. von. Ueber Krystallisirtes Zinn. Jahrb. k. k. geol. Reichs., Vol. 34, 1884, Wien, pp. 367-384, mit 2 Holzschn. u. 1 Taf. Review: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1885, II (Ref.), Stuttgart, pp. 266-268, 216 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS GOLLECTIONS VOL. 58 METALLURGY AND CHEMISTRY (Continued) 1491. FRANGKEN, V. Determination de 1’étain. Rev. Univ. Mines Mét. Trav. Publ. Sci. Arts Appl. Indust., ser. 2, Vol. 11, 1882, Liége and Paris, p. 503. 1492. Frirzcue, P. Sur un phénoméne de rupture produit au milieu de blocs d’étain sous l’action d’un froid intense. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 67, 1868, Paris, pp. 1106-1107. 1493. FRAENKEL, A., and Fasat, J. Estimation of tin in salts of tin. Chem. News, Vol. 78, 1898, London, pp. 100-101. Mitth. k. k. Techn. Gewerbe-Museums in Wien, Vol. 7, 1907, Wien, p. 227. Extract: Rev. Univ. Mines Mét. Trav. Publ. Sci. Arts Appl. Indust., ser. 3, Vol. 44, 1898, Liége and Paris, pp. 301-302. Digest: Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 66, 1898, New York, p. 333. “The authors have worked out a method for the estimation of tin which consists in precipitating this metal on aluminum dissolving the two metals in hydrochloric acid, and titrating the stannous chloride thus formed by means of iodine or bichro- mate of potassium.”’ 1494. GAULTIER DE CLAuBRY, H. F. Dosage de l’étain par volumes. 1495 1496 1497 C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 22, 1846, Paris, pp. £61-862; Vol. 23, 1846, pp. 101-103. Extrait par l’auteur. i . GAy-Lussac, Louis J. Sur la séparation de l’antimoine d’avec l’étain. Ann. Chim. Phys., Vol. 46, 1881, Paris, p. 222. Ann. Physik. Chem., Vol. 21, 1831, Leipzig, pp. 589-590. Extrait; Ann. Mines, ser. 3, Vol. 2, 1832, Paris, pp. 329-330. Extract. Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, ser. 1, Vol. 27, 1885, New Haven, p. 197. . GerarpIN, A. (?). Note sur le bichlorure d’étain considéré comme un dissolvant. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 51, 1860, Paris, p. 1097. . GMEHLING, ANDREAS. Metallurgische Beitrige aus Bolivia. Oest. Zeitschr. Berg. Hiitt., Vol. 38, 1890, Wien, pp. 269-273, 281-286, 294-298, . pls. Loree: 1497a. GoLpScHMiIpT, K. Recovery of tin from tin-plate waste. Oest. Zeitschr. Berg. Hiitt., 1909, Wien, p. 103. Digest translation in Min. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., Vol. 177, pt. 8, 1909, London, pp. 358-359. Describes the removal of tin from tin scrap, including tin cans, by the dry chlorine process. Estimates 75,000 tons of scrap are treated in Germany each year, and about 25,000 tons in the rest of Europe, making 1500 tons of tin and tin-salts. In America 60,000 tons, giving 8000 to 8500 tons tin or 3% per cent of the world’s product. Goldschmidt handles 50,000 tons in Germany. 1498. Grecor, W. Observations on a remarkable change which metallic tin undergoes, under peculiar circumstances, and on its partial con- version into a muriate of tin. Trans. Roy. Geol. Soc. Cornwall, Vol. 1, 1818, Penzance, pp. 51-59, Description of metallic tin changed to chloride of tin, presumably through weather- ing in air near the sea. HAtsk, Ep. See No. 773. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 217 METALLURGY AND CHEMISTRY (Continued) 1499. Hatiy, —. Substances Métalliques. Journ, Mines, Vol. 5, No. 30, 1796, Paris, pp. 457-466. 1500. HAwkins, Joun. On a process of refining tin. Trans. Roy. Geol. Soe. Cornwall, Vol. 1, 1818, Penzance, pp. 201-211. A proposal to purify tin by allowing impurities to settle from liquid mass. 1501. Hayes, Augustus A. On the action of metallic tin on solutions of muriate of tin. Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, ser. 1, Vol. 38, 1840, New Haven, pp. 408-410. 1502. Hreappen, Wm. P. Formation of the alloys of tin and iron with de- scription of some new alloys. Proc. Colorado Sci. Soc., Vol. 4, 1891, Denver, pp. 81-122. Abstract: Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, Vol. 44, 1892, New Haven, pp. 464-468. 1503. Henz, F. Beitrag zur Kenntniss Trennung von Antimon und Zinn mittels Oxalsaure. Zeitschr. Anorg. Chem., Vol. 87, 1903, Miinchen and Leipzig, pp. 39-58. Based upon Dr. Clarke’s article, No. 1467. 1504. Hrycocx, C. T., and Nevirre, F. H. On the constitution of copper-tin alloys. Proc. Roy. Soe. London, Vol. 69, 1902, London, pp. 320-329. Conclusions reached from a number of experiments on alloys of tin and copper. 1505. Hicks, JAMES. Treatment of slime tin. Trans. Mg. Ass. Inst. Cornwall, Vol. 4, 1893-1895, Camborne, pp. 111-187, illus. 4. Read at Camborne, December 20, 1892. Short review: Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 66, 1893, San Francisco, p. 244. Showing waste of mines under management at that time and ways of saving slime tin ore. 1505a. Hiortpannt, F. H. Sur Ja forme cristalline des combinaisons des stannméthyles et leurs homologues. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 8, 1879, Paris, pp. 584-586. 1506. Horman, Hertnricir O. The dry assay of tin ores. Trans. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 18, 1889-1890, New York, pp. 3-54. Also, Techn. Quart., Vol. 3, 1890, Boston, pp. 112-148, 261-280. Describes a series of experiments with the tin ores of the Black Hills to ascertain the best method of assay. 1506a. Honacen, Grora. Assay of tin ores. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 85, 1908, New York, p. 422. Short article on methods used in assaying tin ores. 1507. Huaues, T. W. H. Notes on tin smelting in the Malay Peninsula. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Vol. 22, pt. 4, 1889, Calcutta, pp. 235-236. Notes on the use of the native or Tonka type of furnace, and more especially upon the English furnace at Singapore. 1507a. Hurcnin, H. W. Notes on tin dressing. Trans. Inst. Mg. Met., Vol. 18, 1908-1909, London, pp. 69-107. Review: Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 87, 1909, New York, pp. 651-652. Describes a series of investigations on tin ore dressing performed at South Crofty mine, Cornwall, The work covers in particular the preparation of concentrates for the calciner. The paper is discussed by various members and author’s reply given. 218 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 METALLURGY AND CHEMISTRY (Continued) 1507b. ————. Tin dressing. Mg. Mag., Vol. 2, 1910, New York, pp. 295-296. 1508. Jotyrer, F., and Canours, A. Recherches sur l’action physiologique des stannéthyles et des stanméthyles. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 68, 1869, Paris, pp. 1276-1280. 1509. Kenneorr, A. Ueber die alkalische Reaction einiger Minerale. Neues Jahrb. Min., 1867, Stuttgart, pp. 437-438. 1510. Keri, Bruno. The Assayer’s Manual. An abridged treatise on the docimastic examination of ores, and furnace and other artificial products. Translated from the German by W. T. Brannt, 1883, London, pp. 214-224. Treats of the determination of tinstone by washing; and by both fire and wet assays. 1511. KersHaw, JoHn B. C. Progress in electrochemistry and electrometal- lurgy in 1902. Min. Ind. for 1902, Vol. 11, 1908, New York and London, p. 235, 300 words. The electroyltic method of stripping tin from tin scrap and waste appears to be extending. The consumption of tin scrap in Germany alone is said to reach 30,000 tons per annuin. 151la. ———. Electro-Metallurgy. D. Van Nostrand Co., 1908, New York, pp. 256-268. Treats of the electric separation of tin from tin scrap. 1512. Kersten, C. M. Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung mehrerer Sorten ungereinigten, so wie gereinigten Abgangszinnes von Alténberg und zweier Zinnsorten aus Peru. Arch. Min. geogn. Bergb. Hiitt., Vol. 22, 1848, Breslau and Berlin, pp. 662-690. 1513. Knaprotu, Martin H. Analytical essays toward promoting chemical knowledge of mineral substances. [Translated from German.] 1801, London, pp. 515-531, 1. Chemical examination of the native oxyd of tin. a. Experiments in a dry way. J. Assays in charcoal-crucibles. Il. Habitudes of tinstone, when exposed to heat in a crucible made of clay. b. Experiments in a humid way. 2. Chemical examination of the native sulphuret of tin. Samples of tin ore from Cornwall and Germany were used in these analyses. 1514. Ktinzen, C. Ueber die Verarbeitung von Weissblechabfallen. Berg. Hiitt. Zeit., Vol. 38, 1874, Leipzig, pp. 57-60. 1515. Lampapius, W. A. De l’essai et de l’analyse des minerais d’étain. Ann. Mines, Vol. 3, 1818, Paris, pp. 203-208. 1516. ————. Versuche mit einem Quarzzuschlage bei dem Verschmelzen der Zinnerze zu Altenberg. Arch. Bergb. Hiitt., Vol. 14, 1827, Breslau and Berlin, pp. 296-298. 1517. Larra, Gro. J. The smelting of tin ore at the Mount Bischoff tin smelting works, Launceston. Rep. Secr. Mines for 1899-1900, Tasmania, 1900, Hobart, pp. 91-92. Gives the amount and kind of tin ores smelted during first half of 1899, the method of smelting used, proper mixtures of ores, and charges. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—IIESS 219 METALLURGY AND CHEMISTRY (Continued) 1518. Le Grice, C. V. Notice of an ancient smelting place for tin, generally called a Jew’s House, lately discovered on the estate of Trereife, near Penzance. . Trans. Roy. Geol. Soc. Cornwall, Vol. 6, 1846, Penzance, pp. 43-46. Early mode of smelting tin by filling a small excavation with sticks piled cross-wise, filling interstices with SnO, and setting afire. Called ‘‘ Jews’ House ’’ because Jews first worked tin in England. Tin smelted in blast furnaces until early in 19th cencury. 1519. Levot, A. Méthod de séparation quantitative de l’étain d’avec lanti- moine. Ann. Chem. Phys., ser. 3, Vol. 18, 1845, Paris, pp. 125-127. Extracts: Ann. Mines, ser. 4, Vol. 8, 1845, Paris, pp. 200-201. Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, ser. 2; Vol. 1, 1846, New Haven, p. 107. Journ. prakt. Chem., Vol. 35, 1845, Leipzig, p. 179. Reviewed by Elsner, L., in Journ. prakt. Chem., Vol. 85, 1845, Leipzig, pp. 318-314. 1520. ————. De l’essai du minérai d’étain. Ann. Chim. Phys., ser. 3, Vol. 49, 1857, Paris, pp. 87-91. 1521. ———. Note sur la sonorité de l’étain. Ann. Chim. Phys., ser. 3, Vol. 56, 1859, Paris, pp. 110-111. 1521a. Levy, D. M., and Ewen, D. Waste products of smelting—The Besse- merising of hardhead. Bull. Inst. Mg. Met., May 13, 1909, pp. 9. Gives results of a research to determine, (1) whether a bessemerizing process lends itself to the profitable recovery of values from hardhead and other tin smelting products, and (2) the rate of oxidation and elimination of the constituents of hard- head. 1522. Lewy, B. Sur quelques combinaisons nouvelles du perchlorure d’étain. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 21, 1845, Paris, pp. 369-374. 1523. Louis, Henry. The metallurgy of tin. Min. Ind. for 1896, Vol. 5, 1897, New York and London, pp. 5838-588, figs. 30. Review: Berg. Hiitt. Zeit., Vol. 56, 1897, Leipzig, pp. 449-453. 1. Smelting in the shaft furnace: (a) old Cornish process; (b) the German process; (c) Chinese method of tin smelting; (d) treatment of the slag. 2. Tin smelting in the reverberatory furnace. 1524. ————. Notes on the metallurgy of tin during 1897. Min. Ind. for 1897, Vol. 6, 1898, New York and London, p. 648. 1525. ———_. Tin smelting at the Mt. Bischoff works, Launceston, Tasmania. Min. Ind. for 1897, Vol. 6, 1898, New York and London, pp. 649-650. Reprint: Berg. Hiitt. Zeit., Vol. 58, 1899, Leipzig, pp. 174-175. Short article giving plan of tin smelting furnace. 1526. ————. Notes on the metallurgy of tin. Min. Ind. for 1898, Vol. 7, 1899, New York and London, pp. 716-717, fig. 1. 1527. ————. Notes on the metallurgy of tin. Min. Ind. for 1899, Vol. 8, 1909, New York and London, pp. 629-631. Gives a review of the progress of the metallurgy of tin during 1899. 1528. Lowie, —. New organic radicals, containing tin. Journ. prakt. Chem., Vol. 57, Leipzig. p. 385. Extract: Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, Vol. 16, 1853, New Haven, pp. 116-118. ‘“«Léwig has communicated the results of an elaborate investigation of the products resulting from the action of iodide of ethyl upon alloys of tin and sodium.’’ 220 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VoL. 58 METALLURGY AND CHEMISTRY (Continued) 1529. MAcKENzI£, Gro. L. Determination of tin in tailings and slimes. Trans. Inst. Mg. Met., Vol. 13, 1908-1904, London, pp. 87-92, discussion and remarks, pp. 92-101, fig. 1. Abstract: Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 77, 1904, New York, pp. 928-929. Discusses: Cleaning the ore; reduction of stannic oxide to tin; solution of the reduced tin: (a) precipitation as stannic sulphide, (b) conversion of the stannic sulphide to oxide. 1530. McKittop, Joun, and Eriis, THos. F. Tin smelting at Pulo Brani, Singapore. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., Vol. 125, pt. 8, 1896, London, pp. 145-162, discussion, pp. 163- 174, correspondence, pp. 174-181, figs. 8. Review: Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 72, 1896, San Francisco, p. 484. Review: Berg. Hiitt. Zeit., Vol. 57, 1898, Leipzig, p. 164. Treated under headings: General arrangement of the works; buying and handling ores; preparation of impure ores; system of labor in mixing charges; smelting fur- naces; metallurgical processes; marketable tin; loss of tin; consumption of iron; consumption of culm; consumption of fuel; future improvements. 1531. MatuettT, J. W. Analysis of tin pyrites. Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, Vol. 17, 1854, New Haven, pp. 33-35. 1531a. MeApr, Ricuarp K. The valuation of engineering alloys. Chem. Engr., Vol. 7, 1908, pp. 235-243, Vol. 8, 1908, Chicago, pp. 45-50, 110-115. Treats of the composition and uses and methods of analysis of the babbitt metal alloys. 1532. Mine, Cu. Mémoire sur un nouveau mode de dosage de 1’étain. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 31, 1850, Paris, pp. 82-84. Extrait: Ann. Mines, ser. 4, Vol. 19, 1851, Paris, pp. 399-400. Brief digest: Berg. Hiitt. Zeit., Vol. 10, 1851, Leipzig, p. 256. 1533. Menein, U. Séparation et dosage de ]’étain et de l’antimoine dans un alliage. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 119, 1894, Paris, pp. 224-226. 1534. Mennicue, H. British patent, 17,616 of 1902. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 76, 1908, New York, p. 284. “Tin ore treatment. A process for recovering silver, lead, bismuth, tungsten and copper from tin ores by roasting, grinding, moistening with water and then immers- ing in a bath of molten sodium bisulphate, all the metals but tin being transformed into sulphates, which can be removed.’’ 1535. Mitten, J. D. Tin smelting at Launceston, Tasmania. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 82, 1906, New York, p. 1135. Abstract from the annual report of the Zeehan School of Mines and Metallurgy. Method of smelting Mt. Bischoff tin. 1536. MoIssenet, L. Du dosage de ]’étain dans les minerais de ce métal. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 51, 1860, Paris, pp. 205-207. Extrait par l’auteur, 1537. Moony, S. E. Hydrolysis of salts of iron, chromium, tin, cobalt, nickel } and zine in the presence of iodides and iodates. Amer. Journ. Sci. ser. 4, Vol. 22, 1906, New Haven, pp. 178-180. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 221 METALLURGY AND CHEMISTRY (Continued) 1538. MuLpER [—]. Ueber das Banka-Zinn. Chem. Gaz., 1849, London, No. 165. Twenty specimens, mostly from ¢ifferent tin mines in Banka were examined, and found to contain only a trace of foreign metals. : One analysis was: TRONGiq. Selraink deisletioncinelteretet. 6.019 Woppery FTAs cltae tess. cictoiaie 0.006 Lead” 2niicsiccioceisteinewisietls 0.014 PATE a ULM eis a oles ates: 99.961 1539. Mutter, J. A. The analysis of tin ores. Chem. News, Vol. 85, 1902, London, pp. 147-148. 1540. Muscutus, F. Des hydrates stanniques. C. R. Acad. Sei., Vol. 65, 1867, Paris, pp. 961-963. 1541. Myrick, C. M. Tin concentration in Cornwall. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 86, 1903, San Francisco, p. 167, illus. 2. Methods of tin concentration, improvements and results, Nevius, J. Netson. See No. 781. 1542. Norru, Ottver. The practical assayer. 1874, London. Assay of tin, pp. 106-116. 15438. Orpway, JoHN M. On some soluble basic salts of tin. Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, Vol. 28, 1857, New Haven, pp. 220-223. 1544. OVERMAN, FREDERICK. Practical mineralogy, assaying and mining. 1882, Philadelphia. Description of tin, pp. 68-69. Assay of tin ore, pp. 169-17t. 1545. Parry, L. Assay of tin and antimony. 1906, London, pp. 3-49, 2d Ed. Describes various methods of tin assaying. 1545a. ————. Note on the eutectic alloy of lead and tin. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 87, 1909, London, pp. 420-421. 1545b. ————. The assay of tin ore. Mg. Journ, Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 86, 1909, London, pp. 421-424, Copied: Mg. Sci., Vol. 60, 1909, Denver, pp. 870-373. 1546. Pearce, RicHarp. On the application of chemistry to the dressing of tin ores. Mech, Mag., Vol. 6, n. s., 1861, London, p, 339. 1547. ————. Description of the process for the separation of copper, iron and other heavy impurities from tin ore. 36th Ann. Rep. Roy. Cornwall Polyt. Soc., 1868, Falmouth, pp. 23-25. Method proposed is to subject impure tin to the combined action of steam and air in conjunctien with a little dilute acid. 1548. Prerz, Le. Scheidung von Zinn und Blei aus Zinn-Blei-Legierungen. Métallurgie, August 22, 1904, Paris, pp. 9. Brief digest: Mg. Mag., Vol. 10, 1904, p. 439. “* One chemical and one electroyltiec method of separating lead and tin in lead-tin alloys are given in considerable detail.’’ 222 1550. 1552. 1553. 1555. 1556. 1557. 1558. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 METALLURGY AND CHEMISTRY (Continued) . Perret, AUGUSTE. Zinc, étain, nickel, cobalt. 1903, Paris. Petite Encyclopédie de chimie industrielle pratique. Not available to the authors. PERSONNE, J. Mémoire sur les combinaisons de l’iode et de 1’étain. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 54, 1862, Paris, pp. 216-220. Pixn, H.R: See Nos 75: . PLatTtTe, GABRIEL. A discovery of subterranean treasure, viz., all man- ner of mines and minerals, etc. 1792, Philadelphia, pp. 9-10. Operation of tin refining. ‘‘ And as for refining of it, I am sure it cannot be done by any artifice.’’ 5 PLATTNER, C. A. Die Darstellung von Zinn- und Antimonblei auf den Konigl. Sachs. Freiberger Htittenwerken. Jahrb. Berg. Hiitt. Kon. Sachsen., 1888, Freiberg, pp. 1-18. Rawson, 8S. G. The qualitative separation of arsenic, antimony and tin. Chemical News, Vol. 75, 1897, London, p. 221. Reprinted: Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 68, 1897, New York, p. 545. Arsenic and antimony are precipitated from a mixture of oxalic and hydrochloric acids by hydrogen sulphide. . Hydrides of arsenic and antimony are passed through a silver nitrate solution, and the antimonide of silver filtered out. . Ray, Joun. A collection of English words not generally used. With an account of the preparing and refining such metals and minerals as are found in England. 1768, London, 4th Ed. The preparing and smelting or blowing of tin in Cornwall, pp. 131-134. REYER, Epuarp. See No. 1354. Ricuarps, JosePH. Utilization of the wastes from the use of white metal. Journ, Franklin Inst., Vol. 151, 1901, Philadelphia, pp. 446-447. Also, Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 82, 1901, San Francisco, p. 293. Methods used by writer in removing tin irom tin scrap, saving both tin and iron, Ricuarps, Roserr H. Block tin resulting from distillation of a tin amalgam. Trans. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 11, 1882-1883, New York, pp. 235-236. RiErreL, —. Mémoire sur les combinaisons chimiques du cuivre avec l’étain, et sur leurs mélanges entre elles, constituant les alliages non chimiques de ces deux métaux. CG. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 37, 1853, Paris, pp. 450-458. -° % Roscor, H. E. See No. 1568. Rost, H. Ueber die Trennung des Zinns vom Antimon. Ann. Physik. Chem., Vol. 71, 1847, Leipzig, pp. 301-304. Extract: Ann. Mines, ser. 4, Vol. 15, 1849, Paris, pp. 129-130. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—IIESS ARO METALLURGY AND CHEMISTRY (Continued) 1559. ————. Ueber eine neue quantitative Bestimmung des Arseniks, Anti- mons und Zinn. Journ, prakt. Chem., Vol. 44, 1848, Leipzig, pp. 117-118, Ann. Physik. Chem., Vol. 73, 1848, Leipzig, pp. 582-585. 1560. Rowr, Lronarp. Some chemical methods of treating ores. 66th Ann. Rep. Roy. Cornwall, Polyt. Soc., 1898, Falmouth, pp. 102-103. Methods and difficulties of extracting tin from its associated minerals. 1561. Satet, G. Sur les spectres de l’étain et de ses composés. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 78, 1871, Paris, pp. 862-863. 1562. Satmon, —. Art du potier d’étain, 1788. Not available to the authors. 1563. SanpAtt, S. A. Preparation of protoxide of tin. London and Edinburgh Philos. Mag. Journ. Sci., Vol. 12, 1838, London, p. 216. Extract: Ann. Mines, ser. 8, Vol. 15, 1839, Paris, pp. 435-436. Makes tin protoxide by heating the protochloride with sodium carbonate. 1564. ScHEuRER-Kestner, A. Sur les produits de l’oxydation du protochlorure d’étain et la dissolution de quelques oxydes dans le bichlorure. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 50, 1860, Paris, pp. 50-54. 1565. ————. Action l’oxygéne sur le protochlorure d’étain. Dosage de l’étain par le permanganate de potasse. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 52, 1861, Paris, pp. 531-533. 1566. Scnuutrzr, B. A new method of recovering tin from tin-plate scrap. Polyt. Journ., Vol. 276, 1890, Stuttgart, p. 279. Digest: Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., Vol. 102, pt. 4, 1890, London, pp. 400-401. , Description of the process of stripping tin plate with acid ferrie sulphate, acid stannic sulphate, dilute sulphuric acid or dilute hydrochloric acid. 1567. ScHuncK, Ep. Process for the use of tin-plate serap in the manufacture of malleable iron. Chem. Gaz., 1849, London; Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, Vol. 9, 1850, New Haven, p. 279. A patent issued to Ed. Schunck covers the stripping of tin plate scrap by an alkaline persulphuret; the recovery of the tin by the evaporation of the solution and the smelting of the residue; also the treatment of the iron by washing, packing in sheet iron cylinders, heating to welding heat and hammering. 1568. ScuuncK, E., Smirn, R. A., and Roscor, H. E. On the recent progress and present condition of manufacturing chemistry in the South Lan- cashire district. Rep. Brit. Ass. Ady. Sci., 31st meeting, Manchester, September, 1861, pt. 1, London, p. 119. The manufacture of compounds of tin-chlorides and stannate of soda briefly treated. Sexton, A. Humpoitr. See No. 1361. 1569. Stacie, Ropert L. The double halides of tin with aniline and the toluidines. Amer. Chem. Journ., Vol. 20, 1898, Baltimore, pp. 683-646. 1570. 1571. 1572. 1573. 1574. 1575. 1576. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 METALLURGY AND CHEMISTRY (Continued) SLATER, W. Alliages de zinc, d’étain et de plomb. Rey. Univ. Mines Mét. Trav. Publ. Sci. Arts Appl. Indust., sem. 2, Vol. 5, 1859, Liége and Paris, p. 187. From ‘‘ Chemical Gazette,’’ 1858, London. Smiru, J. Lawrence. Analysis of alloys of tin and antimony, Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, ser. 1, Vol. 49, 1845, New Haven, p. 206. Translation and abstract from ‘‘ Chemical Gazette,’’? August, 1844, London, p. 347. Giving Chevalier and Lassaigne’s method. Separation of tin from antimony. Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, Vol. 1, 1846, New Haven, p. 107. Extract from Levol, A., Ann, Chim. Phys., January, 1845, Paris. Smitu, Oserztin. Nails from tin scrap. Trans. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 17, 1889, New York, pp. 495-498. Method of making good quality of nails, at one operation, directly from tin scrap. SmitrH, R. A. See No. 1568. Srrena, A. Ueber einige mikroskopisch-chemische Reaktion. Neues Jahrb, Min., 1888, IJ, Stuttgart, pp. 142-146. The testing of tin is treated. TaxpoTt, J. H. On the quantitative separation of tin and tungsten. Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, Vol. 50, 1870, New Haven, pp. 246-247. Separation depending upon reduction of stannic oxide by potassic cyanide, while tungstic trioxide is unaffected. TayLor, JOHN. On the smelting of tin ores in Cornwall and Devonshire. Trans. Geol. Soc. London, Vol. 5, 1821, London, pp. 358-868. Describes the smelting of ‘‘ mine tin ’’ in reverberatory furnaces and of ‘‘ stream tin ’’ in shaft-furnaces. The ‘‘ block tin ’’ of commerce is obtained from ‘‘ mine tin ”’ while ‘‘ grain tin,’’ a purer article, is obtained from ‘‘ stream tin.”’ 1576a. TERRELL, S. L. The final stages of tin and wolfram dressing. 1577. 1578. 1579. 1580. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Vol. 83, 1908, London, p. 714, fig. 1. Deals with the final treatment of tin and tungsten after concentration and takes up calcining and acid treatment. THIBAULT, P. J. The metallurgical treatment of complex tin sulphides. Trans. Austr. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 8, pt. 2, 1902, Melbourne, pp. 155-163. ———, Whe metallurgy of tin. 1907, London, pp. 250. First appeared as a series of articles under the above heading in Austr. Mg. Stand., in 1907, Sydney and Melbourne. Treats of the various branches of the metallurgy of tin, especially as practiced in Australia; methods of assaying tin ores and furnace products; the working of placer deposits by dredging and sluicing, and the reduction of ore. THIOLLIER, M. A. Visite aux mines et fonderies d’étain de Cornwall. Bull. Soc. Indust. min., Vol. 14, 2d ser., 1885, Saint Etienne, pp. 575-587. Also, Berg. Hiitt. Zeit., Vol. 45, 1886, Leipzig, pp. 360-363. Treated under heads: Reduction of mineral, treatment of slag left after first operation, refining of metal. Tuomas, V. Action du peroxyde d’azote sur les sels halogénés d’étain. C. R. Acad. Sci.. Vol. 122, 1896, Paris, pp. 32-35. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—IIESS R20 METALLURGY AND CHEMISTRY (Continued) 1580a. VAN OspeL, Epcar B. Determination of tin and antimony. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 87, 1909, New York, p. 850. Gives a method which has proved satisfactory in the analysis of alloys such as type metal or of solutions containing only tin and antimony. 1581. Vienon, Leo. Sur ]’étain. CG. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 107, 1888, Paris, pp. 734-737. Discussion of the precipitation of tin from tin-chloride, and of the easy oxidiza- bility of the reduced metal. 1582. ———. Sur loxydabilité et le décapage de 1’étain. CO. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 108, 1889, Paris, pp. 96-98. 1583. WeLLs, J. S. C. New method for the analysis of tin-ores, and for the separation of copper and cadmium. School Mines Quart., Vol. 12, 1891, New York, pp. 295-296; Vol, 14, 1893, p. 156. Reprint: Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 77, 1904, New York, p. 957. Description of assay by reduction of cassiterite with HCl and metallic zine. Note emphasizes fact that with some ores a piece of platinum must be used to effect complete reduction. 1583a. WESTON, E. M. See No. 3d. 1584. Wirtz, L. British patent, 20,496 of 1902. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 76, 1908, New York, p. 362. Recovering tin and zinc from scrap. ‘‘ Dissolves the tin in hydrochloric acid and. then immerses galvanized iron scrap in the solution of chloride of tin, the tin thus being precipitated and recoverable, while the zine goes into solution as chloride.”’ 1585. Wirmer, Lurner Ferree. The electrolytic determination of tin and its separation from antimony with a rotating anode. 1906, Lancaster, Pa., pp. 3-19. 1586. Worsry, JAs. W. Recovery of tin from tinplate clippings. Mg. Sci. Press, Vol. 83, 1901, San Francisco, p. 121. Describes processes of stripping tin scrap with hydrochloric acid and with sodium sulphate, sulphuric acid and sulphur dichloride. 1587. Wricut, C. R. Apter. On certain ternary alloys. Proc. Roy. Soe. London, Vol. 45, 1889, London, pp. 461-481. Alloys of lead, tin, and zine, Vol. 48, 1891, pp. 25-82. Mixtures of lead, zinc, and tin at higher temperatures, Vol. 49, 1891, pp. 158-163. Alloys of bismuth, zine, and tin. A study showing the solubility of the metals in each other, and the mixtures and variations of the alloys upon cooling. 1588. 1590. 1592. 1593. 1594. 1596. Vv. SMINERALO@GY ApaeEr, J. B. Analysis of an anomalous variety of stannite (tin pyrites) from Cornwall. Chem. News, Vol. 25, 1872, London, p. 259. Analysis of a specimen of stannite showing some peculiarities. . Anonymous. A new tin mineral. Trans. Fed. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 21, 1900-1901, Newcastle-upon-Tyne and London, p. 590. New tin mineral called stokesite discovered in Cornwall. Colorless, conchoidal fracture, formula, H,CaSnSi,0,,. See Nos. 673 and 674. Arzrunti, A. Kiinstlicher Kassiterit. Zeitschr. Kryst. Min., Vol. 25, 1896, Leipzig. pp. 467-470. “‘ Cassiterite has been repeatedly observed as a furnace product, formed by the direct oxidation of tin.’? An occurrence of this kind is described by the author. . Baver, Max. Zinnstein. Lehrbuch der Mineralogie, 1904, Stuttgart, pp. 556-558, figs. 3. General description of tin ore as it occurs in different localities. Composition and erystalline form. Becke, F. Ueber die Krystallform des Zinnsteins. Min. Mitth., 1877, Wien, pp. 243-260. Digest: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1878, Stuttgart, pp. 76-78. BERNHARDI, —. Bestimmung der Krystallisation einiger mineralischen Substanzen. Tasch. ges. Min., 1807, Vol. 8, 1809, Frankfurt-am-Main, pp. 76-86. On the crystal form of tin. BorgstroM, L. H. Ueber Kassiterit von Pitkaranta. Zeitschr. Kryst. Min., Vol. 40, 1905, Leipzig, pp. 1-12, pl. 1. Description of cassiterite crystals from Pitkiiranta, Finland. . Bourceors, Lion. Sur la présence de Ja cassitérite dans les scories de la fonte du bronze et sur une nouvelle méthode de reproduction de cette espéce minérale. Bull. Soc. franc. Min., Vol. 11, 1888, Paris, pp. 58-61. Bréacer, W. C. Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgange der stidnor- wegischen Augit- und Nephelinsyenite. Geol. Fir. Stockholm Foérh., Vol. 9, 1887, Stockholm, p. 255. Also, Zeitschr. Kryst. Min., Vol. 16, 1890, Leipzig, p. 61. Nordenskidldine, a very rare borate of calcium and tin, is described. Interesting because it directly connects tin and boron. Composition: CaSnB,0,. Mentioned as occurring on the island Aro. 226 NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN——HESS 227 MINERALOGY (Continued) 1597. CHAPMAN, E. J. Tinstone pseudomorphs. London, Edinburgh, Dublin Philos., Mag. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, Vol. 6, 1853, London, p. 121. A paragraph upon the composition of pseudomorphs of cassiterite after feldspar twins. They carried 43.6 and 55.46 per cent of metallic tin. 1598. Cotuins, J. H. On some Cornish tinstones and tin capels. Min. Mag. Journ. Min. Soc., Ist paper, No. 17, Vol. 4, April, 1880, London, pp. 1-20; 2d paper, No. 18, Vol. 4, September, 1880, London, pp. 103-116; 3d paper, No. 24, Vol. 5, April, 1883, London, pp. 121-130. Vol. 4 contains 12 plates, 5 of which are colored. A description of Cornish tin-ores, and the minerals accompanying the cassiterite. 1599. CronstEDT, AXEL F. Mineralogy. Translated from Swedish with anno- tations, and an additional treatise on the blow-pipe by Gustay von Engestrom. 2d Ed. Vol. 2, 1788, London, pp. 618-643. Tin is treated under heads: Its properties; native tin; calciform ores of tin; calci- form tin ores crystallized; tin grains, calces of tin, mixed with metals; aurum musivum; observations on tin, 1600. Dana, J. D. A system of mineralogy. 1892, New York. (6th Ed.). Mineralogical descriptions are given as follows: Cassiterite, pp. 284-236; norden- skiéldine, p. 875; stannite, p. 83. An analysis is quoted from Leuchtenberg which shows the presence of tin in olivine found in a meteorite (p. 453) and a number of analyses showing the presence orf tin in tantalite and columbite are given on pp. 782-733. 1601. Dausréer, A. Sur la production artificielle de quelques espéces minérales cristallines particuliérement de l’oxyde d’étain, de l’oxyde de titane et du quartz. Observations sur l’origin des filons titaniféres des Alpes. Ann. Mines, 4th ser., Vol. 16, 1849, Paris, pp. 129-141. Extrait par auteur, C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 29, 1849, Paris, pp. 227-229. Extract: Bull. Soc. Geol. France, 2d ser., Vol. 7, 1849, Paris, pp. 267-276. Report: C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 30, 1850, Paris, pp. 383-387. Extract: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1849, Stuttgart, pp. 712-715. Abstract: Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, 2d ser., Vol. 9, 1850, New Haven, pp. 120-121. The first part of this memoir gives the results of experiments made by Daubrée, with a view of imitating the processes by which Nature may have acted in forming minerals. Instead of using fluorides, which are not so easily prepared, Daubrée generally employed chlorides. From the great analogy of fluorides with chlorides he considers that the results obtained with the latter may be safely supposed to occur with the former. The first experiment consisted in passing a current of stannic chloride and a current of steam into a red-hot porcelain tube. Double decomposition took place, and crystals of stannic oxide were deposited on the sides of the tube. The crystals were found to belong to the rhombic system, which shows that stannic oxide, like titanic oxide, is dimorphous. ‘The temperature of the end of the tube, where the crystals were deposited did not exceed 572° F. (300° C.), or, in other words was rather less than the melting point of lead. ‘Titanic chloride, treated in the same way, gave crystals of brookite; whilst a deposit of vitreous and-in part crystallized quartz was obtained from chloride of silica and steam.—C. Le Neve Foster. 228 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 MINERALOGY (Continued) 1602. ————. Recherches sur la production artificielle des minéraux de la famille des silicates et des aluminates, par la réaction des vapeurs sur les roches. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 39, 1854, Paris, pp. 185-140. Cassiterite artificially prepared by passing the vapor of stannic chloride over heated lime. See No. 1814. Davey, RicHARD. See No. 1603. 1603. DAvEy, STEPHEN. Notice of pseudomorphous crystals of oxide of tin, found in Huel Coates mine, in St. Agnes in the year 1828. Trans. Roy. Geol. Soc. Cornwall, Vol. 4, 1888, Penzance, pp. 484-485. A short description of pseudomorphs after feldspar. Crystals in many stages of replacement were found. Boase and Courtney (Bibliotheca Cornubiensis, Vol. 1, 1874, London, p. 106), state that this paper is really by Richard Davey, which is the name given in the index of the book in which the article occurs. 1604. Drvirtz, H. Sarnt-CLarrE. De la reproduction de 1l’étain oxydé et du rutile. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 53, 1861, Paris, pp. 161-164. The crystallized oxide of tin obtained ‘‘ by heating the amorphous oxide in a slow current of hydrochloric acid gas and again by a repetition of Daubrée’s first process.’’ 1605. Drevitte, Sarint-CLarrE H., and Caron, H. Sur un nouveau mode de production 4 ]’état cristallisé d’un certain nombre d’espéces chimiques et minéralogiques. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 46, 1858, Paris, p. 768. “The crystallized oxide of tin was obtained when stannic fluoride and boric oxide were heated together to whiteness.’’ No details. 1606. Dirrr, A. Sur quelques combinaisons du bioxyde d’étain. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 104, 1887, Paris, pp. 172-175. Fawns, Sypnry. See No. 1320. 1607. Fretp, Freperick. On a specimen of tin ore hitherto undescribed. Rep. Brit. Ass. Ady. Sci., Vol. 34, Bath, 1864, London, 1865, p. 27. (Notes and abstracts. ) Description of two specimens of “slime tin,’? a variety of ‘‘ toad’s-eye wood-tin (sic).” 1608. Foster, C. Le Neve. On the place and mode of occurrence of the mineral Andrewsite. Trans. Roy. Geol. Soc. Cornwall, Vol. 9, 1875, Penzance, pp. 163-164. A hydrous iron-copper-phosphate occurring with tin ore at the West Phoenix Mine, Liskeard, Cornwall. 1609. Foutton, H. Ueber krystallisirtes Zinn. ’ Jahrb. k. k. geol. Reichs., Vol. 34, 1884, Wien, pp. 367-384, wood cuts 2, pl. of figs. 1. s Abstract:\ Min.°Mag. Journ. Min. Soc., Vol. 6, 1885, London, p. 148. Found that crystals of tin obtained from the molten metal were of rhombic form, generally twinned. Such crystals may also be obtained by electrolytic deposition. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN——HESS 229 MINERALOGY (Continued) 1610. Fouqus&, F., and Livy, MicueLr. Synthése des minéraux et des roches. G. Masson, Ed., 1882, Paris, pp. 389-391. Treats of the making of artificial cassiterite. 1611. Frenzer, A. Ueber den Kylindrit. Neues Jahrb. Min., 1893, II, Stuttgart, pp. 125-128. Description of a rare tin mineral, occurring in Bolivia. Composition, Pb,FeSn,Sb,S, ,. (Cylindrite.) 1612. Gapvortn, S. A. Beobachtungen tiber einige mineralien aus Pitkaeranta in Finnland. Verh. Russ. Kais. min. Ges., 1855-1856 (1856), St. Petersburg, pp. 184-196. Descriptions of cassiterite crystals. GentTH, F, A. See No. 820. 1613. Grancer, A. Sur un sulfophosphure d’étain cristallisé. C. R. Acad. Sci., Vol. 122, 1896, Paris, pp. 322-323. 1614. Grea, R. P., and Lerrsom, W. G. Mineralogy. of Great Britain and Ireland. 1858, London, pp. 355-361. Also, Neues Jahrb. Min., 1859, Stuttgart, pp. 186-189. 1. Oxide. Cassiterite: a. Forms of crystals. b. Analyses, c. Localities. d. Descrip- tion of varieties, i. e. wood-tin, etc. 2. Sulphide in combination. Stannine. 1615. Hatty, —. Suite de l’extrait du “ Traité de Mineralogie.” Journ. Mines, Vol. 6, 1797, Paris, pp. 575-582. 1616. HEAppEN, Wm. P. Stannite and some of its alteration products from the Black Hills. Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, Vol. 45, 1893, New Haven, pp. 105-110. Discusses analyses of his own and of Titus Ulke’s of stannite alterations from the Peerless and Etta mines. He thinks that some of these alteration products may be soluble in water and this may explain the origin of the tin in various pseudomorphs. 1617. ——-——. Some products found in the hearth of an old furnace upon the dismantling of the Trethellen tin works, Truro, Cornwall. Proce. Colorado Sci. Soc., Vol. 6, 1897, Denver, pp. 74-85. Abstract: Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, Vol. 5, 1898, New Haven, pp. 93-96. Author describes ‘‘ wood-tin’’ (cassiterite) and compounds of arsenic, sulphur, iron, etc., formed in an old Cornwall furnace. He believes them: sublimation products but Pearce believes them to be from slow cooling of magma. See No. 1208. é re eee HerMAN, R. See No. 968. ye 3 a 1618. CHancepD to 1505a. 1619. Hunt, Rospert. Researches on the influence of magnetism and voltaic electricity, on crystallization, and other conditions of matter. Mem. Geol. Sury. Great Britain, Vol. 1, 1846, London, pp. 443. Muriate of tin and iodide of tin briefly treated. é 4 230 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 MINERALOGY (Continued) 1620. Hurcninson, A. Ueber Stokesite ein neues Zinnmineral von Cornwall. Zeitschr. Kryst. Min., Vol. 34, 1901, Leipzig, pp. 345-352, text fig. Digest: Trans. Fed. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 21, 1908, Newcastle-upon-Tyne and London, p. 590. New tin mineral called stokesite, discovered in Cornwall. Colorless, conchoidal fracture. H,CaSnSi,0,,. The mineral may be regarded as a tetrasilicate of tin and calcium. 1621. JAMESoNn, Ropert. Mineralogy. 3d Ed. Vol. 3, 1820, Edinburgh, pp. 155-169. Tin ore is treated under: External characters; chemical characters; constituent parts; geognostic situation; geographic situation; uses; observations. 1622. JEREMEJEV, P. Krystalle des Zinnsteins aus Transbaikalien. Verh. russ. kais. min. Ges., 2d ser., Vol. 11, St. Petersburg, pp. 273-280. [Russian.] 1623. ———-. Krystalle von Zinnstein aus einigen goldftihrenden Sanden der Region des Jenissei. Verh. russ. kais. min. Ges., 2d ser., Vol. 23, 1887, St. Petersburg, pp. 269-284. Digests: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1890, I (Ref.), Stuttgart, p. 16; Bibl. géol de la Russie, par Nikitin, St.’ Petersburg, 1887 (1888), p. 79. 1624. Kon~tmMann, W. Beobachtungen am Zinnstein. Zeitschr. Kryst. Min., 1895, Vol. 24, Leipzig, pp. 350-365. \ Compares many measurements of cassiterite crystals. Lacroix, A. See No. 516. 1625. LaunaAy, Louts pk. Formation des gites métalliféres ou métallogénie. 1905, Paris, pp. 129-130. Brief summary in which he gives the ages of the tin deposits.of the world. Lettsom, W. G., and Gree, R. P. See No. 1614. 1626. Martner, W. W. Contributions to chemical science. Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1st ser., Vol. 27, 1835, New Haven, pp. 254-255. Describes crystals of metallic tin formed from a saturated solution of tin chloride. 1627. Minter, W. H. On the forms of the crystals of tin. London, Edinburgh, Dublin Philos. Mag. Journ. Sci., Vol. 22, 1848, London, pp. 263-265. Measurements of metallic tin crystals formed by electrolytic action. 1628. N6aceratu, J. J. Gegenden von Zinnwald und Altenberg. Jenaische Lit. Zeit., 1823, p. 370. Review: Zeitschr. Min. fiir 1825, Bd. I, Frankfurt-am-Main, pp. 558-563. 1628a. NorpENSKIOLD, A. E. Beskrifning 6fver de i Finland funna min- eralier. 1855, Helsingfors, p. 162, 2d Ed., 1863, p. 26. Quoted in Dana’s ‘‘ System of Mineralogy ”? (6th Ed. 1909), p. 236. Describes ainalite, a cassiterite containing SnO, 88.95, Ta,O, 8.78, Fe,0, 2.04 CuO 0.78=100.55 from Pennikoja in Somero, Finland, with tantalite and beryl] in albite. 1629. Pearce, Ricuarp. Siliceous oxide of tin after quartz and allophane found in Cornwall. 44th Ann. Rep. Roy. Inst. Cornwall, 1862, pt. 1, Truro, pp. 19-20. § Not available to the authors. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN——HESS 201 MINERALOGY (Continued) 1630. ————. Notes on the occurrence of pseudomorphs of oxide of tin after some unknown mineral from Bolivia. Trans. Roy. Geol. Soc. Cornwall, Vol. 13, 1906, pt. 2, Penzance, pp. 150-152. Notice of cassiterite crystals that are apparently pseumomorphs, possibly after sulpho-stannites, as they are accompanied by what seem to be alteration products. 1631. Penrietp, S. L. On canfieldite, a new sulphostannate of silver from Bolivia. Amer. Journ. Sci., Vol. 47, 1894, New Haven, pp. 451-454. Gives description and analysis of a sulphostannate of silver, containing germanium. Formula: 4Ag,S(Sn,Ge)S,. 1632. Puinuies, J. Arraur. On the structure and composition of certain pseudomorphic crystals having the form of orthoclase. Journ. Chem. Soc., Vol. 28, II, 1875, London, pp. 684-687. Abstracts: Jahr. Chem. fiir 1875, Vol. 28, 1877, Giessen, p. 1249; Ann. Mines, ser. 7, Vol. 18, 1878, Paris, p. 516. Results of the examination of some cassiterite crystals from St. Agnes mine. 1633. Puintties, W. A description of the oxyde of tin, the production of Corn- wall; of the primitive crystal and its modifications, including an attempt to ascertain with precision, the admeasurement of the angles, by means of the reflecting goniometer of Dr. Wollaston: to which is added, a series of crystalline forms and varieties. Trans. Geol. Sov. London, Vol. 2, 1814, London, pp. 336-376, figures. Review Tasch. ges. Min., Vol. 12, II, 1818, Frankfurt-am-Main, pp. 548-544. The title is a fair digest of the article, which is a classic upon the subject. 1634. Puitiies, WILLIAM. On the measurements, by the reflecting goniometer, of certain primitive crystals; with observations on the methods of obtaining them by mechanical division along the natural joints of crystals. Trans. Geol. Soc. London, Vel. 4, 1817, London, pp. 241-263; oxide of tin, pp. 244-246; about 500 words. Gives method of cleaving cassiterite crystals by first heating them, so that faces parallel to all the sides of the common prism, its diagonals and faces of the primi- tive octohedron may be measured. 1635. Pirsson, L. V. Mineralogical notes. Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, Vol. 42, 1891, New Ilaven, p. 407. Description of crystals of hematite inclosing cassiterite, from Mina del Diablo, Durango, Mexico. 1636. Prior, G. T. On teallite, a new sulphostannite of lead from Bolivia; and its relations to franckeite and cylindrite. Min. Mag. Journ. Min. Soc., Vol. 14, 1907, London, pp. 21-27. ““The new mineral occurs in thin graphite-like folia embedded in glistening kaolin, upon a dark grey matrix impregnated with iron-pyrites; on one specimen it is asso- ciated with a little wurtzite in thin plates, and on the other with a little galena.’’ It is much like the other two minerals in physical character, but differs chemically, containing no antimony, only lead, tin and sulphur. Composition—PbSnS,,. Rarmonpt, A. See No. 870. Describes plumbostainite, a sulphide of lead, tin and antimony. 232 1637. 16388. 1639. 1640. 1641. 1642. 1643. 1644. 1645. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS voL. 58 MINERALOGY (Continued) RAMMELSBERG, C. Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung des Zinn- kieses. Ann. Physik. Chem., Vol. 88, 1858, Leipzig, pp. 603-608. Digest: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1855, Stuttgart, pp. 72-73. Gives a number of analyses of stannite from Zinnwald and Cornwall. Rep, CLEMENT, and Scrivenor, J. B. The geology of the country near Newquay. Mem. Geol. Sury. Great Britain, 1906, London, p. 39. The so-called pseudomorphs of cassiterite after feldspar are really a replacement of that mineral by an aggregation of cassiterite, quartz and muscovite. RosenspuscH, H. Microscopical physiography gf the rock-making min- erals. Translation and abridgement by Jos. P. Iddings, 1889, New York, pp. 151-152. Microscopical-optical properties. Only one unquestioned occurrence noted of cas- siterite occurring as a microscopical rock-making mineral, where it occurs with rutile as inclusions in the lithia-mica of the granite of Greifenstein. SCHERTEL, A., and STELZNER, A. W. See No. 1643. ScRIVENOR, J. B., and Rertp, CLEMENT. See No. 1638. Sotty, R. H. Cassiterite, “ sparable tin,’ from Cornwall. Mg. Mag., Vol. 9, No. 48, 1891, New York, pp. 199-208, figs. 3. Brief digest: Neues Jahrb. Min., 1892, II (Min.), Stuttgart, p. 15. Descriptions of the tin crystals of various mines of Cornwall. Srencer, L. J. Crystallized stannite from Bolivia. Min. Mag. Journ. Min. Soc., Vol. 18, 1901, London, pp. 54-65, pl. 1. Read Novem- ber 14, 1899. Reprint: Zeitschr. Kryst. Min., Vol. 35, 1902, Leipzig, pp. 468-469, pl. 12, figs. 3-7. Reviews the literature upon the crystallization of stannite, and shows from measure- ment of specimens from Bolivia that the mineral crystallizes in the scalenohedral- tetragonal system. Crystals 1-1.5 mm, across and had the composition. Cu,FeSn§,. Reviews specimens from Oruro, Potosi, and Tatasi, Bolivia, and from Cornwall. STELZNER, A. W. Ueber Franckeit, ein neues Erz aus Bolivia. Neues Jahrb. Min., 1893, II, Stuttgart, pp. 114-124, Composition, Pb,FeSn,Sb,S, ,. ; STELZNER, A. W., and Scuerret, A. Ueber den Zinngehalt und itiber die chemische Zusammensetzung der schwarzen Zinkblende von Frei- berg. Jahrb. Berg. Hiitt. Kon. Sachsen, 1886, Freiberg, pp. 52-70, pl. of figs. 1. THIBAULT, P. J. Conradite. A new mineral compound of tin. Austr. Mg. Stand., Vol. 33, 1905, Sydney and Melbourne, pp. 124-125. Discovered by author at the Conrad Mines, Howell, New South Wales, in 1902. Composition, 7SnO2+Fe,0,, being a compound of stannic and ferric oxides containing: Tin, 68.44 per cent, iron 9.2 per cent, oxygen 22.32 per cent. Absolutely insoluble in nitric, hydrochloric, sulphuric and hydrofluoric acids and aqua regia. Specific gravity about 6.2; not attracted by the magnet. TRECHMANN, C. O. On a probably dimorphous form of tin; and on some crystals found associated with it. Min. Mag. Journ. Min. Soc., Vol. 8, 1879, London, pp. 186-192. Two forms of crystals apparently obtained by electrolytic and dr; methods of manufacture of metallic tin crystals. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 220 MINERALOGY (Continued) TWEEDy, W. M. See No. 478. Pseudomorphs after feldspar. 1646. Utxe, Tirus. A new tin mineral in the Black Hills. Trans. Amer. Inst. Mg. Eng., Vol. 21, 1898, New York, pp. 240-241. Mr. Ulke has named this new tin mineral ‘‘ Cuprocassiterite.’’ | ‘‘ Cuprocassiterite is a light-yellowish te malachite-green mineral of an earthy fracture, dull glance, and, in the Etta mine, found with cassiterite filling cavities in a compact quartz gangue. Hardness, 3, specific gravity, nearly 5, streak, white.’’ Analysis: 62 per cent Sn, 13 per cent Cu, and 6 per cent H,O, with traces of iron and silica, 1647. VLAANDEREN, C. L. Bepaling van de hoeveelheid tinoxyde in tinerts aanwezig. Jaarb. Mijnw. Ned. Oost-Indié, 1872, I, Amsterdam, pp. 269-273. 1648. Voat, J. H. L. Kiinstliche Bildung von Kassiterit durch einen ein- fachen Oxydationsprocess ohne Gegenwart von sogenannten ‘“ agents minéralisateurs.” ; Zeitschr. Kryst. Min., Vol. 31, 1899, Berlin, pp. 279-280. 1649. WooLtnoucH, W. G. Symmetrically distorted crystals from Western Australia. Journ. Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales, Vol. 35, 1901, Sydney, pp. 332-335, pl. 1. Crystals of cassiterite from Pilbarra, West Australia, are so distorted as to appear monoclinic, Intergrown with monazite which the author thinks may have caused the distortion. See Molengraaff, G. A. F. (No. 1052) for similar crystals from Swaziland, also, Lacroix, A. (No. 516) for like distorted crystals from France, 1650. 1651. 1652. 1653. 1654. 1656. 1657. VI. MINING AND MILLING ANONYMOUS. The losses in dressing Cornish tin ores. Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 55, 1898, New York, p. 295. Brief description of improved methods and results gained. See No. 312. CARCANAGUES, —. Mémoire sur la préparation mécanique du minerai d’étain dans le Cornwall. Ann. Mines, ser. 7, Vol. 14, 1878, Paris, pp. 209-239. CHARLETON, ARTHUR G. See No. 1310. Cotuins, J. H. On the use of the impact screen in tin dressing. Trans. Inst. Mg. Met., Vol. 15, 1905-1906, London, pp. 524-525. Mg. Journ. Railw. Comm. Gaz., Val. 79, 1906, London, p. 511. The author reports that the impact screen is for the first time, as far as is known, being used for tin dressing at Wheal Kitty mine, and with very satisfactory results. ComMMANS, Ropert EK. The concentration and sizing of crushed minerals. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., Vol. 116, 1894, London, pp. 3-66. Discussion and corre- spondence pp. 67-1138, figs. 50. An account of methods and apparatus used in treatment of ores including tin ores, to render them marketable. Fawns, Sypnry. See No. 1320. Frerauson, Henry T. On the mechanical appliances used for dressing tin and copper ores in Cornwall. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., 1873, London, pp. 119-137. Discussion, pp. 187-152. Treated under the heads: Tin dressing, stamping, buddling, calcining, treatment of slimes, pulverizing. . FRECHEVILLE, R. J. The results obtained by the Cornish system of dressing tin ore, with observations thereon. Trans. Mg. Ass. Inst. Cornwall, Vol. 1, 1887, Camborne, pp. 93-104. Reprint: Eng. Mg. Journ., Vol. 40, 1885, New York, pp. 416-417. A paper discussing the amount of tin saved at the mines, the amount caught by the stream works, and amount finally lost. Henwoop, W. J. On the manipulation to which the ores of tin and copper are subjected in the central mining district of Cornwall. Trans. Roy. Geol. Soc. Cornwall, Vol. 4, 1838, Penzance, pp. 145-165. Description of stamps, buddles, kieves, ete., used. Also roasting furnace and jigs. Hicks, JAmres. Treatment of slime tin. Trans. Mg. Ass. Inst. Cornwall, Vol. 4, 1893-1895, Camborne, pp. 111-128. Discussion, pp. 123-187, figs. 4. Read December 20, 1892. ‘ sca a qerat eo ct or 0 obelel ofctet ol che odhatel ore 1545a Peetz on separation of tin and lead in tin-lead alloys............... 1548 Plattner on alloys of lead with tin and antimony..................4. 1552 Propertiesiof the alloysiof icopper anid (timlso.22)2 Wei. It. HS) ES ISH 1433 Rieffel on the. alloystof/coppertand tink. oe. 0. GIST P AR. tk ea be Schultz on production and application of solder................... 1359 Slater on alloys of; zinc; tin,andhleadte as dasot. Peel. Inlay eee he 1570 Smithe(od2.); on analysis/Ol sm ceOlea). Nits eld SaaS GO sRenle S 1571 R44 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VoL. 58 Alloys of tin—Continued. Reference Number Solder, itsiproductiontand applications. «eae leas oe eee 1359 Specific jeravivies MOtee eis cacharicc eevee cereus cue tio coe orene doe icde Giver 1433 SUPESSi LESS HOt Aiei tem eye beet bas cleo Ne Racha ieee at teencicionetans Cneieranaieeteae ns 1433 Van Osdel on analysis of alloys of tin and antimony............... 1580a Wither nitimto ny is semen ais oe ocaerei oe evcntoreioten arti rarsterinsorets 1533, 1552, 1580a Waitin? Disnauithe 45, Pepe wie fare devas eleatere encore Vere satele ce meieauter sac nalat aiiepeovereyrtenore 1587 With COppenr hs satse trevor ct ie ios. 3. a oe crcuetoere ker evoleveveinuctens 1435 1433, V504F lb au SWiTChr iT OM), ts.'«, whapevepatere iN ehae: ¢ wilahous: Steals, ielopouelis ete iol lch oles tiie re on atenel orore nent Hl Ae aL Oe Wit B16 Gi Rah ester tack ans tun trata cremate re tat, 1545a, 1548, 1552, 1570, 1587 WALLED) MAM SATIS Cryaysaeic rs eie ion sucueyetelguous iaiie aasie: epoLasussaKn boa ale remiaci hen 225 Brown on cassiterite from Rockbridge County, Virginia........... 1240 Caillaux “onysbin: LTOMUTISCAIV:. trips sisysyele. oes teeters gener enete beac carenanekane 618 CaAliformdae, sic sccpeys Ae poteerete store. webiste lepers sea fe wove eecuanede oto Era onions iemetapeey ee fesete 787 Campbell on cassiterite from Rockbridge County, Virginia........ 1241 GO YVOM osc. vie, ch wiencps,sdeneysyte 00s; scope, 0.080 S «fel alse SYRIA « Nhe SERB aes Ue eid a aes 258 Collins on the crustof ayblock of Jewsiitint? Ann.cweiitiet erate ele tele 362 COnTN WALL isieiisiciialeleroyoterehtetetakens Geers fo chase Blain cllehe Sie cP « BES RRC anche Oh he 442, 1588 Dana on tin in tantalite, columbite, and in meteoric olivine........ 1600 Day on cassiterite in Black Hills, South Dakota................. 1005 Dunstan. on) tin )fromypiMadaeascaric iis. detew Lepsie waco 797 Andrewsite, Foster on place and mode of occurrence of................ 1608 Anikovik River, see Alaska. Anjou, see France. Annan River, see Queensland. Antananarivo, see Madagascar. Antequera mine, see Bolivia. 246 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS voL. 58 Antimony: Reference Number ‘Action: on schioridesmohumercunyeeaeniaiee ve cece ten ceo ne nee 1465 MMLOYS OF Manaly sisters cere cc ae ae oon eee Oe ee eee 1571 Alloys of lead Vanden. eure tec ne moe eeayc le ante ene eiateaie tale one ane eae 1552 AN OVS AOL Tins AMG pes coe ocak cic ee ee ios Ceoeteruoioee 15332 Th52. 1bs0a ASS BY: HOLS Ee. 5 Ses eR eee ib ere ese SEER P OTE ite © crm RC EE I ee 1545 ‘Associationvion tim swithit.cc.cimcciemnen no 166, 172, 180a, 225, 496, 1086 Bechamp and Saintpierre on separation of gold and platinum from Cin FANG “ANTIMONY yw fe cere oe clo ae ork s creroe ore Oe 1445 Berglund on the qualitative separation of tin, antimony, and arsenic. 1447 Boucard on separation of gold and platinum from tin and antimony. 1455 Bunsen on the separation of arsenic from antimony and tin....... 1459 Capitaine on action of tin, arsenic, antimony, and sulphur on the chlorides “of samiereuityi sh A smtescemaieas ck Sun tereve taro eee cee 1465 Clarke on separating tin from arsenic, antimony, and molybdenum. 1467 de Koninch and Lecrenier on the qualitative separation of gold and platinum from arsenic, antimiony, and! tin’, J2219852. 89. MOa90 22 1474 Dewey on Clarke’s method of separating tin from arsenic and ADULMODY% ,o:di5;.rairepelicvorsh eeuoua eh apeterter cea iaver er exerlong thse - heteren 1533 Mietallurgye 1 Ofitpe.s:s.s.cvsisis ts suarsveruslersiortns © o.9,6 2:3 aie eieiecoisuchererareb nak Reet oot eens 1204 Parry Oni assay Of: «4 eivicisvers coe deneas otevo sb baer oko onereachostal or rerorbhodewa ore ee 1545 POTS18, 2ioig ies: se, Sener suite o Stereo lee eerste le Tare sini lo oie el ROE SETS I Ree eee 864 Plattner on alloys with lead and tin at Freiberg, Saxony............ 1552 Rawson on qualitative separation of arsenic, antimony, and tin... 1553 Rose on quantitative determination of tin, arsenic, and antimony... 1559 Rose on separation Of tinmamd iwc o's c.c «ssc sycieisieiorne clerotoeuelteie ern 1558 Separation from gold, platinum) and! tim. <2... 3. 0c smicmecim ccs 1445, 1455 Separation from gold, platinum, tin and arsenic................. 1474 Separation Mrom! tine ncwccews cectineic cence 1495, 1508, 1519, 1558, 1572 Separatvionsrrom” tinh imilahlOyiSew veers eels ersieseloietorst sieleuerers eienerer eieie ters 15383, Lape Separation from tin and arsenic.............. 1447,°1459, 1477, 1553, 1559 Separation’ from tin, jarsenic; and “molybdenum 2.52. as 0400. 1467 Smith @: L)) on analysisnotwalloys Of. .1). ster cts see oretoeieicieeicioe 1571 Smith! "(..42.) on separation sof tins Lromly.. sccereretetce sleleteveyoiereterereneie 1572 FPPERS TILA INT erate aie cia re rcpe rer avenetere tek ore tereks 'oveite lanoveronotevclislveyensMave teneroheTsWoKeRe ye ieRcMetenen 1079 Van Osdelion analysissotvallaysrot tinwandeeencsctrerite oeieke sera clarciers 1580a Witmer ionsthe -separationvot shin fr OM. ei) aevek eve rierslerehaicheravsneierene ehetaieters 1585 Apacheta mine, see Bolivia. Apatite association mofautinwwaltbiye crcccietys cleo oceueletoreys; cxerencueueneseieusiele 227, 1009, 1314 VOZE LON! sOCCULREN CERO tee reneie ysl ctaiesieves/s, «ete lore jcuslier sieieyiessy slacehenMeheielenmekeretetatete 1370 » NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS R47 Reference Number PASS GLON EW eri atee sioiciciere eae elas Snare mee aie oNSTaNe Sue als ee aries G Ove ste eee 1374 Approuague River, see French Guiana. Araca, see Bolivia. Arba mine, see Tasmania. Arecayo mine, see Bolivia. PAN Alem WTI cr aparerretenct usteretenoterehereneke cae’ oi'st'si 3 allevariel St ePalterelic’ e-isieiie) Gr sv ouousyal 8) eteverehotevenslieve 330 Argentiferous galena, see Association of tin with. Argentina: Castro on tin, gold, silver, copper, lead, and bismuth deposits in PLOVAN COMO Salta tetcre stele cls eta aioiet stave tetera okt eve alee fate Ulaliase teeters atte 37 Catamarcase PiInlOSAaAStarm tile MCAT ca <-ocicic.clctcinicicls wtelele eve alevovehe cts ove ote le¥erevens 38 Hoskold on mines, mining, metallurgy, and mining laws, etc., of... 38 Hoskold on tin near Tinogasta and at Mazan..................... 38 GALE IO} ow CLINT Uepe pee eM steer ate Scie! oie ceaveNeucvtel/atof sl aia) shel ov of s -afiah sl cratsNevTa le’ o! evatancalie 36 Wiazanie | Ginkealeray ete emicve lciccfetevets cre cs eisce es cielo a) el erela’ 6 ofel'elelerelalaieieleienctere 38 Mines, mining, metallurgy, and mining laws of................2e00% 38 Saltas Chiconna mineral den OSits” "Aleit. cfa-steiele cic eel eer eels tele eee ele o7 Salta, La Poma’ district, mineral deposits of the..:............... ot See also South America. Arksut, see Greenland: Evigtok. Arsenic: INCHION OM Chl OFLA CSO fe MINT OL CUD seia eel sere sale) eT otel s) o)lelrorct et ol ee. o1ch claire (etoile (0) axes 1465 Association Of tinvwitheeeacc. 2.4 -: 172, 180a, 225, 227, 573a, 1025( 7), 1314 Berglund on the qualitative separation of tin, antimony, and arsenic. 1447 Bunsen on the separation of arsenic from antimony and tin........ 1459 Capitaine on action of tin, arsenic, antimony, and sulphur on the PMACHION GES MGleMMOEGUEYR ee oe nko cco e el ek Uk kee eteateee tees 1465 CHALIELONM OMe ere eracTorelsrekoparsl ores cis slate) Vehel sis. «) «sl enatiefel’sVerel a eyelel sens 1310 Clarke on separating tin from arsenic, antimony, and molybdenum.. 1467 COMIN Wal eer rere Nererale re ctieta tere erecta te nie ioteitet sis) Sle cassia seve ers syaiuieistera ieusieus siereileis 1617 de Koninch and Lecrenier on the qualitative separation of gold and platinum frome arsenic rantimonmy,.amd Gims6 255% < sl eiere oec16o)o.6 1 1474 Dewey on Clarke’s method of separating tin from arsenic and TVNELIM GUY wate ceeeeporetrerohe oie otelinnsin sole eisitte eis sisrs wicca 'c sve sl oes eleveleteler eee eis 1477 MISNSr Ol SCHALALLONG HOMME Ul Mss) =)c/cucvesayaieuclereverere s 2 cle eo eo slenadeyelenererere 1485 Elsner on the separation of gold and platinum from tin and arsenic. 1486 Headden on compounds of, in an old Cornwall furnace............. 1617 Rawson on qualitative separation of arsenic, antimony, and tin....... 1553 Rose on the quantitative determination of tin, arsenic, and antimony. 1559 Separation: front LOLdseplacl aT ANC bls ate creyate lcs c's. <1) 2 see) elev aictelslere 1486 Separation from gold, platinum, tin, and antimony................ 1474 SOVATALON “CTOMMe seins). syererere cracker fo eie et CCl ee seis tie eens oceloe eo eit BRO ee ise 1485 Separation from tin and antimony............ 1447, 1459, 1477, 1553, 1559 Separation from tin, antimony, and molybdenum................+. 1467 Arsenical pyrites, see Association of tin with. 248 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOR 58 Reference Number ATSenopy rite; sdecomposed Uby, TOastine\ sees oe eee cee ee ae ee 1658 See Association of tin with. Arsuk (Arsut) Fjord, see Greenland. AAT UTT Aw arate torso eee shor stterolereds slaitue: aie. coos aee tick clei Selene CR ELC eee 149, 1590 Asbestos; Voiton depositssof, in¢ South, Atricas 4... se eerie Cate ene 3c Ashburton, see Devon. Asia: Fischer on tin, Venturine glass, and Venturine quartz in.......... 39 Herman. onatiny ing Uralskes CentralaeAsiac war. auras ee iaeieicieks bie hace ieatoe 40 LOUIS) JOM! CIM) wal veg repaetiet ote ici cay VS cys te asa nteks cenel GaSe nO in oe ee 1340 Ural sk, stims,11s, osisiaveperencte tere tesiecoils averohe eee keteash aacharck Rennie en vere eee 40 See also Burma, Ceylon, China, East Indies, India, Japan, Korea, Malay Peninsula, Manchuria, Persia, Philippine Islands, Siam, Siberia, Straits Settlements. Assam Kumbang, see Malay Peninsula, Perak. Assaying of tin: Aaron Ops Methods ised mime -yesern cushy woleasicl on v-usieuekonaieneacien cnet 1428, 14387 A TAD AMINA perce rst ela catso eee Bor eter Saas: sLbee eke ol Genki soo tial OR eee eee 6 AT ASIC a iis ile) 0 iced fo Pee rata enills, Se. dcolanisnenayocet os. silo: 2 iiveae eBAu tocar lee R Lar MeL ei eee 25 Ballinevonwmethodssused ainey. & say. os crayons ee ein ciara 1443 Bannister ongassayingsstream (tinstor gold... 5.<1 cies eiets ie ee eee 1444 Benedict on. assays of tin in Malayan, Region..:... .é y-s,sr.0 «+9 aes pe 679 Benedictjonvassaysoferinging SIM atTacin cuits dy apyers ci sid eked tae eis 281 Benedict (ony tine simmer ein acc oe ree va ie ee ie hag epee raed Sat eae 1239 Beringer yon) wet Methods 5/2. crs age chaaers.s Senesebstdenerceeiensiabeheltreus acelin 1447a Bettel on methods used in, comparing Cornish wet and dry methods. .1450a Cape c@olomy, os ce Aictate cite wie: oi lececeosere\ eresies one rere: etereepehevenaberehe OReKe ea orotee eae rae 235a Carne! on beach sands; New South Walesik vnica-, ion ect aes 809 Carpenter on tinsingthe Black Huills'. ...<,. smhercieles sper Wis ep sha,s: Ste t,o tines 998 Carpenter and Headden on the influence of columbite on the........ 1466 Chandler on crucible assay of tin from Durango, Mexico........... 767 Collins a Omics creyers wire care, operons asun'se espe ny Sore Gud Gievela! ols ake MUSIC LORETO ee 1469 Copmwalldiu.): acl sgot rere « cna an aioe sy auelel Spoie toed dea eRe hier eee h ncn Pen econ 1450a Cowpervonsnmethodsy Used in. s:. co.cc: orelelevere cicuciecete eicko tienen Seis 1471 CrAMECD:. YOM fb everaccta sus oi dere erowis sis bie yen eraeasieka SpE pede eee 1572 Cruciblei:methods his scrca eet siornioe suse titan ornate oe eee 1444 Dabney on assays of cassiterite from Kings Mountain, North GT OUT hs es ope tonshic ayers sacl ayo 0) 3Nee eke eee above) San ueseL ausbis Acpeieker hate iene eee 241 Dry CuO de x, 2c tees weiss Susie asieiss, wae alone CO NGGsV ENED Slensh ae ieusese ree TAGE 1450a, 1506 Hdwardson) methods used: in 5,01. 7..5 4 sedspedeucdoiclsveles thecal eecinte eee 1483a Fawns/on methods aused) simp. chs tts ideeeesualavalch apap sgaleteenshekel aceerdeaeucuaks 1320 May: ony fire ‘assayine, with: KEN ini -Alaskar..). ocxicuseckneke eins 25 Hofman on dry assay of tin ores in the Black Hills............... 1506 Hohagen:,on anethodspusedieine.: 2.2) poeriers ge cokotade avaicoer sous Guede isa cp avesores lehetepeeo eacasaon 1327 CHTOGIGCR. 5/265 cicicigaipiel sie sis cis. OE) oibtalaGletals «fetid eraiel sions oid ode. ehaeer ne 1183 Soul OSH sie, heres; «<3, 5; sueyeyeaeyscscssch sys. $29) ekeivets te dees lot el tho ced snake by oft 166, 182 1294 Mantaliesoxidess) sas cose we sieleowes ocepeiey obs aeteeiteeh osabune seen 258 Mam tAlite) siecle spetemisites)s 580(?), 586, 976, 998, 996, 1009, 1010, 1015, 1017 LR eaira teeny Tas AES a eb UTS Srl s, 9, 0,/s ayes, sd eusueeSepopecepspeuaweleneuseeeusc Atle skLa 1208, 1258 Mantalumivin mineral waters): , svetrisile ete fae : etd © etre) oEstette 1374 Babbitt metal, Meade on composition, uses, and analysis of alloys of....153la Aino com, Ar UIT 5, ype rsaseeess ol spoken cscs o ch nlish oe ove Cate SEaeb ofS oS AT TCD: Stele Srere ye eect bees 886 Badger mines, see Tasmania. Badjerican mine, see New South Wales. Baikal region, see Siberia. atley., Gilbert yang RIG tte iN. ie eshie nies scolovorevereoele fbhdo Sas eee 988 MERI Weg Ed tay sh siieh weskos oxsiietekanhedeveychebe sites aa temekalas Lane eRe LESLe le ret ole bees 887 Baja California, see Mexico. RESEDA os IVU AT: LUNN Fg. vopenetopetstsrchentitae sche sexessteys'se cone pone cesonsyeisysyeusteuelthe S140 oftee «fe eae Sol Bald Nob, see New South Wales. Balto pkohman Gis. eed age sel. stated. sanwoarewds ask aldo. dead. ¢ 677 BA PII OMEIE CL ehci0'si sie beeneys mnwieneeys 33l1a, 331b, 331c, 888, 889, 890, 891, 891a, 891b FEUER VAY Sita ye youccoxcgevetouershchesonviefebeioversdetedsuse,oveus.accenvousiepoudehersteed co wtete a tkelats tikes 239a HES eAN MMW rchcuch' sey sy susehdaucusy cucucssdokokedsveveliclion cstvecehcnes silevdial snavertvosevelavavene edbhe ABE oiler cNe 589, 590 Ballesterosite, Schulz and Paillette on, in Spain...................008. 1043 ESR UU UTA SSCS CUTS Mey catpchioy ok suey eatonshe tens Kor ou choy ousucned oksvouss'ancueusbeues cu overeass sy ceuctehes take 5: Made of MERIDIAN 14438 Ballivian eM Vi-and, Saavedra, Bautista: .... 0.0.05 tell. seis Sell. cals alate lee 150 Bandon, see Siam. Banghi, see French Congo, Ubanghi. Bangtaphan, Langsuan, see Siam. HEF ATW ICCA NAL LIT SAIN SPE etiaite yess Gente vene tetera he eiietiatlats Lollasis io wieied tba deta PAP IReH oo a ote 1286, 1289 Akkerinea on \tiniine the Blinjoerdistrict :...5...i0s dels oleite fetes wake Weisel 73 Beck onsitini deposits OLs ts... sasiae< eeliciients obs ae dalek oe. walbis 82 Benedict.onutim ,depOsitsroi..< sve ois klae elie clte. siatetold soe sia.< dale a mete 83, 1301 BM GCeAiSEriCt. stineintrs +c: -rususitste see lcceler< savevedsvecerarsysishets dita oti abs Sy ahetarete 73 Boers on use of power machinery in working tin ground in,....... 84 256 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS von. 58 Banka—Continued. Reference Number Bredemeyer “On* Cin “WUAUMIN Htc. rctcrerereytenetetatetetetetslacts chats ole ete shaver sreretels 85 Cordes’ on: tin in: the: Koba -district.1+..019. SUG) Ee 1. Pe: 87 Cordes on tin in the: Pangkal-Pinang -district....-. 205. (65. 8D. ARR 86 Cretier on tin near Soengei Liat in the district of Muntok.......... 8&8 Crooeckewit: on tin- ind: :22scacescecsecresesccase oh BQ ee 89, 1473 Daubrée on tin: in: Germany: .:..-. sree te SI OTE, Gd EELS, 1314 Davies -on - alluvial> MIND AM) .-+.-.nrecesereretet tele EAE AE ANE e talons width tie 1317 Diest om -tim: IMs ecereterer hh, SEE TA ADS LIP LIS AR 90, 94, 1478 Diest on tin in the Merawang district. 0.0.0.0. ec eee ge dee cence eee 92 Diest on tin in ‘the: Sambong-Girin.. 552 e ccs sce eee eis eta ere 93 Diest on tin in the Soengei Liat district 11/7. $2.29 .MUSSER Oe ete 91 Dijk on tin’ im. 2. See ee os oR ees Peet ES 95, 96 Dijk on tin'smelting@ ines 6)... Sache. MSE. ey as HIM IOZA ES, AR Aes 1480 Djeboes Gistrict, tim ins. . es eater et A . SiN eakete atalava ershetaleralla state 98 Doorman on tin inthe Dutch Hast) IndidS YAO. % VIBE OG oxcetestsee 286a DOFen: OME «tims IMs. y sere ties cst ersretetetenobemetetetaratonanelels MAO, AOE ORE. AE oa On, Earl of Mount Edgcumbe on tin produced in 1883...............--. 1681 Everwijn on tintinethe: Djeboes@district. crs. mrersrctetels titers ee) syete sens 98 WAS OT CUM Parca eieraves ete: ccs svetsun crete eherettelei tye) custome) op erieney sroteveriomale herent iencuens 1320 Braenkeltvonistim ime cies es eS OO, OO GAG sebierade te ote 99 Muchsvand dey Wa wyay Ons tim Timi veyeeevensyarct orien corer revcver otononcvonstatetevet-tabel clatel age 1323 GOASEFOY OM: SUUMPMTIy i< . aie cite 5, sreveloiolotel ovo ie « elbte la pebeteteiere tiete aver aehada els PaHoe Groot: On bine ek Sc oo ois oe Ue, NETS SPE SARE EN cine oe 101 Henwood on association of tin with gold in... .8..80i. i. 1327 FRO OZE. VOM: vba Wie eeesies tegen siyanenavotesoncveneyeboere raeta! atu peet eet op tan wicetied it AMO eteRS (ote 102 Horsfield. on. a mineralogical. GESCrIPEION LOL 0. :v.y- covery srorceororcroible cnet wale 103 Huguenin on tin in the Toboali district............ 08. ba} 104 Ge MOMS HuOMst lM BLM ey evenc vere okescze sys veverexetawenen- tokote HoncNon shed snoteNoneWenancn ROMs ek aRerrotccusite 108 de Jongh on tin in the Merawang district...............0..005. soy, BilOG de Jongh on tin in the Soengei Liat, Pangkal-Pinang, and Merawang districtsONe Whe Bee. UG itd Rit oem wees eik alcieitloseele 105, 107 IRQlorPoheinareny (bale ihe oa aoe ORE AO GOO BOC O DU OUR ODOUOOCOUOO COOL S4S MES as 87 TAINS. ONL ULM SLI wepeyenekencncnsdessxonstodoneveacsovcuoNshexcgowevoye fonsNoucke¥s YeneR*#sheasasictoRsReRoR ite 109 de-Launay, .(Puchs: and) .omstim: din je). AERIS LEE TAs SEI rIte uals ete enaile 1323 IMGT GEM, OM pT MeetwenetonencdonevokshohoreNetesenctcdchowemcnon wonowckrLeNeNodseen spk 2¥- Rel sk tty Rell teat 110 Merawane; district; tin. in...:.. GIsigUatk tare se. 92, 105, 106, 107 Mulder on analyses ofe tin: £rOmls ons. c's ~~ wore oon «cre cross haminke citnatel aeke 1538 Muntok district, tin near Soengei Liat ico... ck eek cee ols 88 Oudemans On tintin Ae ooo ss cc kiel cre. cle wASlbeh ee eo eh Ao ete telee ee UteR aelees nana eit Panekal-Pinaneydistrict, tin) ING. pre cere ele ccm ere 86, 105, 107, 115 POSE WAtZ~. ON» ti. DM porcrcyere, tc NOP PIRI POLE i.e ASK MET. TES IE Reto 112 Raffles on history of production, prices, placers, distribution, and market conditions of. tim Vins cs sos sc SEARO. Se UD. Pad. ttcetens 113 FROMAUE OM CEM “TMi perereterercworetctataters tate lorotenerehetatorotettte otetatielaitend alenst ats eleiehe tats 116 Renaud on tin in the Pangkal-Pinang district...................... 5 Renaud on tin in the Soengeiselan district.............-ee eee e eens 114 NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 257 Banka—Continued. Reference Number Reyer won» tineinws sane senses els se ERR OI TS 1354 Reyer on tin mining in, writers on, and structure of the island..... abil pROMkeTs OT MEI AN se iaiede Peleis oes = cle njelelelafaltes aes te aists la fefetsrete sie se wie aides 719 Sambone- Giris timsing ccc e actc as sess Peis eat oat lta et US. 93 Schuurman on history.of tin-miningiimsssccsesdsesssersetl SOS. 1415 Smyth onetinwin: oi ssaceseete cas sees dedosss cose sane te Pett. oy 1362 Soengei Liat district;\tim-imssssicssscccsscecsccesssasese' 88, 91, 105, 107 Soeneeiselan Gistrict Muley Meroe 5 ios: oo 15 wisi cies crocs eaten sl ater le eaters 114 MoOHoA Ai Stwietanc imei ees ais chakove so vcletorat seer aay arate o etaca eta ans cos eieletmereel ec 104 Mrasenster' on Statistics of tin iN; VS79H189T i oo ee EE, ores 1700 AVALINS AC SEO VV FiO Kem OTL Gitte TIN es ee. SANG oy 0s sioie ce wi wielelsie o cis one eisieie e sislele aoles 118 WierbeckwOnh OCCUETENIGC HO fe sGlM dM 2 5)5) co: ore, eel ote) oe 6) = «15, ope, el clovele tl atcteteeie esters 136 WALA ANI GeT Emi OME TIES Cert ex ceer ch ajiers. oii) 00's, 61010) avaiss Sverre a eres ote are dre areata 120 WESC IES One CATA AIM oy org at erek erat apah oh ah otra ot ot oti ct hist olioticl oh et ohetalatsh el ofslel eletetatdierets sielewlane 1372 See also East Indies. SAMMI STCI ae Com OFS eeleerrataicuetneee Kavasie i> lou sicyoiustoustsl epovonste niet ote cacti Gis eee tere 1444 Bapst. \Germains ssa. ssc eaciese Seah ee ews jes 3s Fes ens oe ee pat lol Dy ote Bara eAlivardAlOMSO! tei. ceeeleecsk clo see a os See tT te OL tere etcter ee tie voters 1/54. RAL CCM ACs VIAT TAT O15, karcee Hee etoile ro Ledeen okie agsue, olelecsyele etal era tots. ste Mrabe ee piereie 761 Barite, see Association of tin with. Barjac, see France, Lozére. WEVUTTUC EGE LA 2 EKG a heirs rasretreip, ie teem re teeaie tei es ei oy alias 0s 5slo, 818 4, Bile 4.8) 4 8 aR UR UR) 8) Mere) Oboes eras 332 Barrat; -MauFice +s :isesvack sists adassicetesssessasas Saal spd Seeger 6 272 Barren Waters, see Queensland. Barrier Bischoff mine, see New South Wales. Barrier Ranges field, see New South Wales. arrica: HManiwiel cDiazics Bac cise tise cee tae eleks nea pata es bron teers te orerctole abape eves ere 762 ’ Barrosa Cota mine, see Bolivia. SER IST; OWA Gr COTE oh cn teak et ohatialicl abelict oh Actotietiel oh ev otal oficlio? alictioties oliohiol photiotet ellstichiatotot etl elie: os elec s/s 333 BALCLSth PEL HOMAS! sd isnisc ects SaaS sie Side og Nd See ees dice dag Mid cide sisi shel wre tens 334 Bastar, see India. Batavia, see Java. Mavens «JOM,» ST, sede cece es welhanses cee s ead ses chs Ss Naas sees 2 reine LST Bauchi, see Nigeria. PRUGOtG EY s ssa cleigc aad SESE hs te Oe ideas eg ess Sede asad ss ss owes% 498, 1378 EVIL HG COT Cie ie re hielo ete boctalte fe elles fa talPolta\to\toite ls % fo tostoirai"oWou'o\fol'oilo ta forte lofereTotolere wites soe ule = « 1277 SUES Tee VEIN ack cp ean orcich Acteatch don bet st natal phetatelonel sgt etatehalatetetatohatatole’clalete%sre’slstoleteTotete.« 1591 Bautshi tin fields, see Nigeria. Bawden See te, MARES ERD HON PTE, CPST. a EASE EE Te tO Ss 335 Bear Gulch district, see South Dakota. Beaumont, Elie de (Dufrénoy, P. A. and). .......... cece eee eee e eens 378 CMeS Rs naan co Sade ISLS AS AAO ASS ETS T ASS AT Sas Tic wire ele eels 6 13 Hechamp wArwande Saintpierress Cs asses ac csstelec sel etere oles susie ete cleraiciclocene 1445 CCL CT MELD eV s > NAS Ge it eat SOR RMR SMU ae) alien cree rete Setia(ol tere evaite oialcts oitsare-e e8 eis 678 FS CCK eI CHAMOIS tata tetotolarerats eaeterens ars eledel evs ereracetele 1, 82, 529, 530, 531, 1299) 1300 ISSCC mH rues ae iens ops ie avene cate mayen Sletien kal chev stcteers\oieis (oho, fusva olereilg eat sue'@ aisle spencers 1592 258 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 Reference Number Beco, Jean, and sThomand) 60m sis cr sins tesla circ se cae ae c elede Ene Sethe ature 612 Beechworth, see Victoria. Beenah, see Victoria: Gippsland. (BOOT) AGO ] Pa ica. i5aneire abe tayeitevovehe, bel ave tele o, dreieichauetatelels s) retac ote Gamiae eG aae 806 Bell, James) Mayes o:aitsis «sie aoa s's)« 0 0 ehetar sha fopyeterete Oke euskoye Behe bictale chemeletende 852 BOM Bea) oN isveve' a caves tore otlatetts\oenecerane. & a saicoriaia fatale le tasteriaveteranesnve tole GuEka ote ethene 16 Bell aRobert Mise sa 56, scapsnGeoe erate bess. «, vie esilelare ie. cleldes ls bi seit tabembtercdaale erste 4 15 Bell Mount, see Tasmania. Bendemeer, see New South Wales. Benedict, William de L.....5, 47, 83, 152, 212, 213, 240, 281, 336, 679, 763, 807, 989, 990, 1074, 1200, 1239, 1275, 1301 Bengal, see India. Ben Lomond, see Tasmania. RENNES,» \ GOO. segs, sh Raaretere ie oa. s 'sces0: ear acepelele Wile avevesejersy olapenepepe: Sebovetd nis CAEN eve 337 Benmnetts,< Samuel: «. heusiae ccacaio.cite: cre 30206 witaveforeie totale exes, wiles 3 oat NeaR ES a eae eae 338 Benoue, see Nigeria, Benue. BENSE; SVOME a diagers ste ekeuaie peg tlsie isi sus, n wha sorep ravens teieveyeusver shetelerepels) aisZereuc RES SISRSe Re Neus 532 Bentong, see Malay Peninsula, Telom. Benue River, see Nigeria. Berenguela, see Bolivia. Bergeat,,, Alfred. Pocye aid sh sicyays.a)is 41s/c0 53/01 dy0 a cape ous spate NRals vatanenpbersins. soaker oi 613 Bergemann Cos’. a sss sally oreleus ies’, 4 ars-6] sve pteuaite el aS vallstopael eile obenatsualleheuentrenehene 764, 1446 IBOL Pers Jess. eiyois ane 4 pias eva tah h ceva) ioe a, bi vay(av/a\ionteyieNtanier sella) aula a leh oie, talon acl asec ote 339 Berggiesshtibel, see Saxony. Berelumd; FM dl s...6 os: caves Siac so 0x0 suetel ox fd's: Raseras tee vapera ele tveyy, evepepsere: avast seabtae tas 1447 BOGE MAM 5 /ei0 sys)» 1016/51 eis sieterstchel si esl « «take totchets all hatettrel oyeticy ete (Uoaane: ops foucee auePon seed heya 1302 Bergse process for recovering tin from SCrap..... 02.2 terld- duis sieels» fete 1442 Bern Dar di iis). coce.b hoe Aol e hyesers se iay0ie Sie, 0, 0 00) b ves io) ays, SERA SPV aR atetepe later teniey ery eid 1593 - Bertheloty. Posie co wrestle colle toe yehove ayeulst eitei’s say. yovebadehe eveuevedsdehe coveyeleveteveuel ci eeeeetcaee 1379, 1448 Berchier,. | Py soe storey dene lobe telonceaster sate! tyes ebsites ed hayes Moench aera ees ek OLR 1449, 1450 Berwick, see Victoria. Beryl, see Association of tin with. BET ZELIUSS yarercybetecehevoress rs ray yatta sag esicveiielrex oes" o/ayedebeckaweh yal ev avematiec swede arorer MReyencMeRtiGuer eee 1303 BOCGAT F350; Gras soraid Sielesistione Suave tte totems OV leks’ shisllevies specs idyanouedaietelteuedeietobeleh ote ve tacet eet sis Rane tags 1304 PROTECT RV ia'aiteietccyreyeaeita (ops nn ceeteencdsuevons aicce oi st siaieve te, skolelahs eisihe votedenatels tote Renedeneke teenies 1450a Bettss,.:A,(MSOm yy Gi aces te iis eos aor oi artis Beith toveieee woe ekcne eee Reeneret een 225, 1451 Bill) 2 aveye specs tensors suscavers ev Venere oe Gee io, go ao, ovelmungos-(eyageueyspapriede i-b-iepoina-t-1 eit 1380 Bibliographies: Benedict on an epitome of the reports upon the San Jacinto, Cali- fornia... tin mimesi; Wan. ky:;. « -\. -ensyrshonece ort ei pue tae Cakoee etter keels obit aha 212 Clarke on “The data) of zeochemistry ‘A. 45 5 spejapetegel atid ¢ «1s fo estado) od fiecrgs Se IVA WOS? OU 2h eps bf a oh outhievenewokstechek wore, + svevellspaletto's rob ekalonsisieienaiclatcten doled skatel aeieiare 1320 Ray, (l3sarticles on Alaska) )icis «os cic) s svelte cchepeydsrsministe Tasmania. . j.0cnicc.s ewe ceo mee were 1158a Watson on mineral resources Of Virginia..........csee cece eceeees 1246 Big Horn country, see Wyoming. Big Prickly Pear Creek, see Montana. Bilin, see Bohemia. MTT ean Ges ELE eT Ue ciate citier ers cicie cle cislejeteuo stele oj sicle ee les cher sr eleieie sielelsre eve 1452 MDI NTC OT SELIM ewe seis orencis eisbole re reiteis ile) wvetroyels verve wie ei Oey tole, “olfe We voreltollniteswr nit 77, 79, 126a Akkringa) (Akikerimga) rom etm OL yPenste cots, Mechta herons cele one stelela sire 121 Beck on stim GepositsyOL wana ce doc oo tie cote Vaaeae delctoveleieicrmictete aerelerele sie 82 IBENECICE ONY LiNs CEPOSTES) Ola avinceis orn wee elev creche tere el obel che. othe. 83) 11301 BOeGINEG, GISLPICE TIPE ce saetet tab ere ete eh ders dass clas atcltahelaw te o facta le antere 123 WLSCIST AOD Lb IM) ATs tee RI eI Velre tte tei Polvoibe stots To, tsife fo Mabe teolte fo, ene\teifelterwetel oy eters fancy @ 127, 283 WIESE. OMS LLIN 1s sy erie ee Aare oA ee alae Sle dT Nols eta eiaie stershelelehetel ets 128 Dindane Gistricts LIMVIM sia. eee Neate giatas siete cholo telavel stelerets Stet ioletabeiel oles 123 Doorman’ on tin, inv Dutch) Hast: Imdiess 52.2243 ca Meets ole Sie eieteve ol bers 286a Earl of Mount Edgcumbe on tin produced in 1883.............0000- 1681 Fawns on tin in...... SES TRL Gees eR RMT SER Phas cS, NESTS: CAE NCSA Tete, 1320 Herrier -On) tin’ in wacens aawecndae neo Sad aS Oo ed Sada Chelia, alte Paes 129 Muchs -andy der LawmMaye Ome wim las cis sia sie sisi a oie ce etals, leer eye oiletemers talel ers 1323 GEVOOE OM CIM LW aeey ax cnc tepenehonerctchohavehctevereteted toPsncNotetetererovatelatot oMetetetaiets LZ0MA3T, 132 Landon: (Maier and) one Giny Ler ecciehe <2 Shs Sita, aiGth create shoes we 133 dev Launay- (CHUChS Fama MOM cine Tale cool tie te aneie! ourdieliel Wl clats lelietalsierere 1323 Maier and Tandon’ Om tim Ts serie EK FO. CCE hs Sates cis) ahe «ever ci stciei ene 133 Manear district, tim’ im. seit False BN Ve cresaleehald stele sevclereiane 123 Posewitz on discovery of tin in, geology of, occurrence and mining of tin in, and production of tin in the island of.................. 134 Rant on tin in Tadjouw Mountain: 04-7 20k 6. 8. tc ite . einietal erate «feo 135 RBVer (OMe TIME TT ak T si. store tora rete te reroreteraiele'e feraka Yate faite teravate tate aioturetetatel ale: ale 1354 Reyer on tin mining in, writers on, and structure of the island..... aL Rolker -on- tin inks. ii.s56 ss by sR kinlahle, slate lah te ilar areata evhte:o: chate. olicte.(oi amet 719 Smyth: on: tinvinssisssccnee oc fasechasave cas esa ee NR ak . 1362 Tadjouw Mountain, tim ims)... 7. .i.. redls We ale Ee Toe ale dliala fare ele) orove 135 Mandjang-Padan! GiSthicty IMs IML Wie wiw ci ee eeie ce cv tve ews ajorctalete Us allele 123 Trasenster on statistics of tin Im, 1879-1881. . cs es die elles oes 1700 SV ctr eT WAV.CKnOMenCiltestlltwvepeiet eter eterela/crsi cielo clelsiiel ciel elelielsiellel/eaielioie/el eile! ¢eteers 118 Verbeek on occurrence of tin in........... ENO OAL A GEIS TST, 136 Wreeelcs) On) time ims s octet ec loteretee terete chavs aoeta tel statoraterele: ots} etetel offeletis WORDS 1372 See also East Indies. ES UnaTI se GCOS Edie ccctacre ci siete ele elle evelaliaie creyel elais| cielels eA} ohata eeretel e) Pe: ome eiior a tele oe 853 Binoxide of tin, Wendt on occurrence with ores of silver near Potosi, OUT Vle teeter ctatcre a ete eleva eater teehee eres 0 ciocer oilers chal’s, ahanereeeletatanets ore utayeretitehe 184 Biotite, see Association of tin with. 260 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 Reference Number Bischoff (Mount) tin mines, see Tasmania. Bishop Creek, see California, Inyo County. Bitter Root Mountains, see Montana. Bitter Root Range, see Idaho. Bismuth: Alloys’ with zine and (tin... siaiesh). tesa ebeRes [aloaice ae. oase 1587 Andrews on deposits at Kingsgate, New South Wales.............. 797 Argentina, 'Saltainls ede os cas oh RAUCH SOR HOSS. Saas ee oe ok Association of tin with....3b, 172, 180a, 225, 227, 573a, 797, 881, 898, 938, 1095, 1148, 1163, 1294 Australia she poeu series se eceiaeie eens oo vile ee ere eee a eet sare 58 Benedict. on occurrence at Chorolque, Bolivia. .......0.0. 5.000 e eee 152 Bohemia, PXTZSeDit ze oe 6 se aei evel elereiepseress ia alo Git LAT IS hE ieis didlo aieeeeS 578 Bolivia; ‘Chorolquests2 ess sees - cioleiwictsisic ce bt MIeORORe she re seetiaee 152 Castro on working of, in Salta, Argentina... .ai.0ik .$cissel Bihar 37 Gharleton) sOnyiee ene fos sic dna seem errr ps dec seas eC nits tier eer 1310 POUT OM: sO Shae, oy gee eg at spay eaad ol cc op as ey SR ROA ad Aa aa Ss eee al cel ET eR OO ee 1322 Ménniche on separation! of,, from! tim ores... . a3. ait ..J5-si ly aeie 1534 New. ‘South Walesss..... 2... asthe? cheno. Metis. es Gee tak SEE ey tebs Cor Queensland , 2..)..5..2, RGAE. al. boaehovet uh see alae eee ae aa. Pie 881 Robertson on. deposits/of, in Australian.) oi. 00s 0.0 toesee ee mle ere 58 Saxony, Hrzgebinse grrr ales: eleroelopeysholes csolortes od efestepen ot kdl tact eek rea ee 578 Separation, from . tittyye ejes cs ces othe Ried tel? Se bitleln els Reha eee 1534 TPASTNAMN A ne ea ees see Oe co ece cua deyeneuceeustteints 1079, 1095, 1148 Twelvetrees on, deposits in .Tasmaniag?: ath mc bak. sabes > me sdtte 1148 Viebig on deposits of, in the Erzgebirge of Germany..............-. 578 Bismuthinite, see Association of tin with. Bitter Root Mountains, see Idaho and Montana. Blackso. Asi ¢brpehy sie ao tarasones ita. a6hene cet silt Ba erento mi temere 340 Black Hills, see South Dakota and Wyoming. Black Umbelosi River, see Transvaal. Blakes WalliamoP eRe ee sek cccck ooo 214, 341, 991, 992-997, 1201, 1202 Blanchard} Pred i dey. oeussterts i ty WEG Ue a ets ieee emelorelae « 614, 615, 616 Blanford, W. T. (Medlicott, H. B. TA cae eeepeoecsag Sethe did oss qaatos 595 Blavier, Wd., and: onieux ya. dau os cn vscaa sas ousew eerie re one ee 499 Blende, see Association of tin with. Blewett; JASDPers & 2 sss6.6, ce Mie esse oo cue opin ciel okt be ge teh cheeky hese loeh oh ole pease p)edate 959 Blinjoe district, see Banka. Block tin: Preparation, of, in Cornwall. and, Devonid'j. 42). sone ese. cles eleleyeleiar- 1576 Resulting from: distillation of tin amalgam’, .. 0.2 ..6) - mse sete -myekete 1556 BlG6de, = Gottlob Vom 5. te crater etatctolie! ale (ol ehslictctoueNcttcher ellevele’ siete yard ke feReeeh SeheI bse votes 530 Bloomfield, see Queensland. Blue Ridge, see Virginia. Blue Tier, see Tasmania. Boase, G. C., and Courtney, W. BP... ..... sstibiah. att 532 Bi ims tiny NCAT arcuate cara ced ois eee aa ayainatoner tue e'sisie wa ress arahidilardehad Soeisparenegs 562 Carlsbad PitinmMIMES ene awa crass seach chaser evoies cialshalersr «! or apalisuaeetat oh ohepesiepalalebopeaatees 64 Charleton on tinedepositsiobsA berthames jacs spss olscyecyose eae Joronaee 1310 COLON Fin SiN GLAUp SUS sara seas oot sek olay ailctist cro «! Sh alis\ ouat Bh otishdhiedseorhyayst spaueyevatene 65 Cotta on tin in Graupen wand» POeb els suite: pers cperstcosusic ea© Fiance @ecri yarn 540 Dalmer on the Altenberg-Graupen tin district................e0200- 542 DAU SS KOT se ATTN ses aie eae es Sisal wis psisess assis yoo SpE: ogy OHS Sys ip sys’ Saeko pakan Syene 1314 DAVIESKO Mastin CEDOSIES HO bmnary sorcerers ayaieus ot cuetel el ses ane aat alevelis sustine cea neue ons VOM, Hrzgebirge, discriminationy Of, STAMIteS IN). .7.,..42,67> v4, 15224166, ATS PATS, 179 ChuallavGrande tin minesiarte se aia. estore ares cials hese icve tas aectanel tetcvonenete 180a Cochabamba) ‘departments tim) mies 3 sss Ariane sieve sieves creeeonerete pe cterene 141 Colum weit Fate ees ceeretet ec /vcvel cl ot cuckolele tere e oi etereuatchete inter ererotetrenenerate 158 Concordia: lOdMew tiniinyaciasciets ct enele le renereveres ceteleteralsteseieust sie onoyloreteneretere 180a Conway on. tin minesvot HMuaina Potosi i575 daca «wearers attetenatererets 154 Goya Wode: stint misses Hic days ciate cite o alee cles s calcrcsta ore every etelel atonetapoaveremierts 180a DeAChiardivon’ tin is 2 ecis ccicveis suse scicvers cl croratel chopoherottarerehey ste toh oenevey=nerar ee 1313 Davies: coms? tiny Ts avers Mev ca tise asi sis sla oPstaioreteteie wleleeato: ot ehatatens chemathehet ensues 1317 Mlisaglode;” tim *ini ss Mies dacisc.c ie coi na dt lh cie aie s\ctartatebel Manepev tet ababete 180a Himmons’ On OGeurrence Of Ein ims Pee aye cic ote. cletey etal oleveparetevorersietsretete 155 Endter on tin mines of Liallagua, near Oruro.............-2eeeeee 155a Biver dine som Ge Is se ey eveiet che os) seal oie ch alohelichcraistievel evel chetore tel tobe =) Aeteteyers 155b Exportation of tin to United States discussed.............-...6.... 139 Mawns: ‘ons tin ame ae ae PSP G NS ote Octet sete eet a torateter 156, 1320 Forbes on occurrence and kinds of tin oreS In......... 2... eee eee eee 157 Moullon? On’, tim Vim Sere las ose ete ee w eic eo cvaleteleteteiel siete evenateueuousieneyel oA suets 1322 NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN-—HESS 263 Bolivia—Continued. Reference Number HrenzelponnGcylind ritee trom. cits wine celts, as 3 +6); slau: 6) heporets & oloaltetds 1611 HrOChOt LOmy Ginny Lape Pe OUR Ee aloes; cheveie cise, eG] h opateh «: aheteerey dra yenaya bys egeeteys 158 Huchsrandudencaunaysonatiny ink tc cd ciciecster sisicke.< teen ttosie- RAGr 159, 1323 CaO Lael O GON ETT ITN i eloyey oso; eusvcvevaretevatenceenovore a: al oie. 0 ehh lo gtacbr ev ete eyaletet erat snaiens 180a Garrison: ion ptin) Antec (is aett epg opsyarcrawtst «Raters see lowland bnetacy stetespers ees 1207 Gautier on deposition of tin near Chorolque...............cc0000. 160 Gmehline zon metallursycok Gin’ WM), ciclo cielo sleveretoloteletietete eyahene chs 1497 HALT SONG OMT EEIMM AME 2c puckens ove ais ete ust oie oieushoreuoisneleitevecakps febshale ctpry.eteuedets 161 Huaina Potosi, see Juaina Potosi. Huanuni, see Juanuni. MOH OGAE LIM Gab 5/5 ES LI ols Hee vel ehelS wi ctoveite lele a lokeletef Poeye Svs ete dtonatenctrane 176 JUAINALeLOLOSI, TiN AMINESNOL. .). cyah: demote lend oO oc siege ahd bis leita 154, 158, 176 JUAnUNPAistrick,. tiny iM soon ats 141a, 148, 148¢, 158, 166, 172, 173, 180 MayBlancas tin deposits: OP cia as doko wks ore Sl odes 180a Licht vonyitin: Gepositsy Of. soak cee ye chee lo pegs ove p brekl Stebel she coyet dteie sears 1l6la Mallagcua, near Oruros tin MiIN|S, OF «..:.) 0.5.0 « «ya epetteresasy« 442 = shaaeedys othe 155a Telallae ua Svein, Cin! stinks oysters: cick eiece ais evsye espe sya so bf a syseerem ah aaadectae 180a OCs OMe Ginn Lis percvcestclarstevohekebercvercheleysile)siereretetel sna) tr enpeprvetoer shah cad SYoCshcken teks 1338 TEOWIS MOM CIM TMG eee as, eile \cnsce ciel ol st cates bis te ow eibph eal ede-ayovbhepe: o,ayratabnsye tucwte ators 1340 Bouis (EPH ps sama) Ow GL TI she, oye sso: 0) 2101.05 oeks ofthe oBslaiet) -uetoia el org etoke 1350 Minehin on tinting tier bpacclasndestl. sistent 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 1846 Minchin on mines, ores, mining, production, and transportation of ELIAS OUD cee ci ates, chen eliete, shale eel ota fete) chavo: ope: ach etey gies ob cyo/-s¥0) SEsHeTS) Bh shSDS) «gES} «OST 162, 167 MR ra names CINE TN seis 5) seals) «, 0.6, psy soy 0's: fereV a «rand Roeaeals B'S bs whats. PES 158, 176 Mining and railway development in...... wiecekeicer oasler ochfs/ oueh bib, syapstersreerate 147 IMO NCE BB LAM COTTE ei ayiois oo) oh 501 oi.0s-0iisy ouer eh ohoue) ores oy excise AEC heh EN Cape T ots ro emapet ate 180a NIOTOCOCH ACM MMIC Siok cient) eves ciciic e c.01el eiels loloveliclgie ieisio ee) o) octet tte oleteietsTals 180a MOUNE POSCOV 15) BEIM OM ice) d pee) petencio cla bialeloreciede shel) « fey beef belo cXodsbanetert attaneye 158 INGETOUEADCIION) (CIM sabre cs 016 oie otele hea rofs Bhotateonotd sects ok NSLS CIs sof eE sh» oheNev ele 180a INGwland .on’ tim: 1s teypsrs eph h aiehe ord siorcyara@ aig afele Epyeye.fataebeleiaseryas 6p 170, 1347 OHSS MISMO MMI EIN Ivy se veray-vorsye)s,eselensy sce) evel sconeueyeteloleleyes sreteuenchatet eel ak aeons alig(al OVACCHS AMOS LIME FIN otal) oso ici oles ete loie leieis echoes leleyolsieltke cel eer cyetaKteiito ops tons 171la Orion sin ats 2 eyasrsy cays aheys, os ane fap yds as allots 137, 155a, 162, 164, 166, 170, 1641 Oruro department, tin in......... 137, 141, 148, 145, 158, 162, 164, 166, 170 Pasley on tin mines in the Hast Cordilleras. «oc. 6 oi cd i oyels ayes » opens 172 SAT COMOME bITa oper este taraiclcloceccue s/o, cfokelosevovelersccns\ielie ie teliohauatel olelelo lene ene sens name 1630 Pera One tin CODOSIESM Os. teehee srekenaie:craletele) ate) aial'e! sislia sledoliate (ole akekeraien ys) star 172a Penberthy, an , tim In..s.c,+.0es0.0,0,0.cklarevle tthe Berstayctet Aencie. s106 OeleR ib ...174, 467 Penberthy on tin mines and transportation problems in............ 173 IPerifield Mommie titi Oi OE Bie si5i0 chains ciaie.slce. esi 60. 0)4, 010 0a Abate aap tle® (ovdelale serene 1631 Phillips and Louls oni tinyini- blir e raraavee ola iss- ololdis sao0g laid. olshove so adds 1350 ROOPOmILA Keres tian CAT roreluisietereseetote ievoiateiellele leicele ise To 1v ler, sisi(ollsile tele tae ania cone 162 264 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 Bolivia—Continued. ‘Reference Number Potosis Cine at.o ocr svciersteve tate ok talents tel oat ee 152, 164, 166, 178, 1641 Potosi department, tin in..:.:..:.:.3% 141, 144, 152, 154, 164, 166, 173, 184 Pozoconi «mountain; ‘tiny On «ee 22 oe eae ate ee re ee eee tiolaro ee ieiereet 143 Preumont: on tim IM: sscs8cccc cast essesas css ce ed OE Oe) Bee 176 Preumont on tin mining and transportation problems in........... TD: Prices of tin in, affected by quotations on product of Straits Settlements: +24 552425253,008 0, PRA eee ie ey 1675 Prior: on, teallitein vs3cns cals 2s 2908 Bat OS * 2:5: Se ee eles eee 1636 Punnett on: tin. deposits: of. ¢..cc eee eee Peete Dec ee ee a eee 177 Quimisa: .CruZy cbIN) :Ab A seepe teers tes sialereleimrsi che 5 0/aiersbone Reis a oer e CRT 176 Quinsachata,- tin “ins ss 's (ofa e le "eit B'e.% eile foi"oile) Sialet sete shaved eters 345, 534 Bon wick, -JaAMeCS) «ssa aad ea sgaidloaadacssa dja ova s cash oe telecine gees omisle statete 1075 Borax; Hennecke -on' -OGCULFENGCE «Im: RETS1A:. 1. 1 +.1. 107. 10-10 tolefo Aotel s slate cheehebetole hes 864 Borestrom Ls, As Peal. Areec hans tae Cece ta ees ilets, stalls ake haere: hele: oeaucnkoheraa 1594 Bonlase; = Wim, wCopeland owe cis ciayetsiore:tcveloiorc/erepocensyens 346, 1028, 1381, 13882, 1383 Borlase, Wm. Copeland, and Rosewarne, H........+.seeee eerste e ees 347 oe NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—IIESS 265 Borneo: Reference Number Hiverwijn on tin in Sukadanavand Matan.......... 0002 t0Ta, DAR. wee 291 Everwyntony tin. ini Kandawanean.:. 0... deities oe cee alates SEERA. 288 BVCL WY TO mGiny Am SIVA CAINS. yp hep oh icuey omens uss evan y cc eu arch esl eeevian het tens ore 287, 291 Mandawan vant (Pin palms pests ceca corimtavepeisistene ws bye ulaceesisuelerei sie ademn od ereacks 288 Kinebetungen, Rivers, tinyhroms source of tin used byzancients... .....feated, . Giese ds. Pee kee 1405 Breage, see Cornwall. ISTEGeMEeEYCrs Wiki (ich lrarerehed-tetracaiake iaialo otatlelicb oreher'e'-e’ 0» eh steeshd LEPe ws WsSbehanenctel rene 85 Breidenbachy cock Ness ch cgtateperciorevesvere 0) pl avaissliens syalensveuveus:cicia-s wie euctApoauelel herent 873 Breitenbrun, see Germany. BOUC MAUD E,, Al ie och or nucdes Pett tteberel «ah eiceeoe¥ep lee: opShaca th vhalehe etebeliods «IIPS ctalsaietons alle 535 ERE DU GILO DHE. (GAS ta ater ate ai tetetat al alae er aiay'ai 01 disiiaiiay a's) sw aie cnace'eshei swish elele dlehat aqatble 765 Bridgetown, see Western Australia. Bright, see Victoria. Briseis mine, see Tasmania. British Columbia, Brock on tin near Long Lake.............2.0..0000- 226 Ingalls on tin from the Payne mill, near Sandon, Slocan district.... 229 Ingalls, Argall, and Gardé on zine from, containing tin............ 229 Bone Lake «tins MEAGAAsea tages es clo Ae Ss aeiee eteleiel bie sel et« 226 Slocan district, tin from the Payne mill, near Sandon.............. 229 Britain: . Oxi sim so fe namie sere rao eae aelorere cree letetetee © elie: nei eo ch ove! sieleyelcrsjier stepePat ars 1389 Pheenieian! tin’ trade +*with® too 372% 2 es oe: 1389, 1400, 1414, 1418 Smirke on tin trade between Alexandria and.............+.22-00-- 1417 Source ofetin REM DY ANCIENTS. 454 455 ge ne mag nance a dbo bibic aleistelatlbes 1405 266 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS von. 58 Reference Number Brittany, see France. Broad Arrow mine, see Alabama. REO CHAR x Wi «cpodesoivasietonspsvadoleporodersusaslesouveccdocevenensioxen meee taetevo dios olla oki eher ae ete aan 226 Bre eens JW: Cs. sesslebiaipeieeesere ia onsie s aisle op pistons siete Bo eee eee 1596 Brogeer,, W..C. ((kgerulf WBhe jamd!)i- cjoesyhevob tele dhl cricbetae stare eereneks 826 Broken Head, see New South Wales. Broken Hill lode, see New South Wales. BRR OM VO yyy Ae EV: carn, Seis celletence rons ioderes sueileier aioe erode ak oesu sr'nx or onctten seoren bebe LIers eR EERE 766 Bronzes, ductilities of the various bronzes compared...........e.2eeee- 1433 Brookite,.Daubrée' on; artificial production) of. 2... 26 feed. Lee awe eke 1601 Brooks, pA..pEWi:s bie bse sSeegeeerayy oe iRe of segved NES Sake Ste. EO. SRT. Se Se 17, 18 Brooks) Cet J i.i.).jctsisiel adem ustsyctio iousie ios ites lareusts we wise oa leGktentake «ote ree 1457 Brookstead tin field, see Tasmania. Brothers’ Home mine, see Tasmania. BROW DACAT cS Sl wy « are 5 ope lores; eis: sai's) ssevaheteobeyetereite (2 /0./o 60,00) aacuenehenolere san renaueus 1307, 1308 Browns, Gilmour SH ey ryere stele is viele o/s. sig oie ropetelotelel s @ 1240 Browne; Wran kk oi35. je) cceieyessvevedievs oie SRS ete ool is as LES, Se Ee 1458 Brunnich, + Mortem OT aMe soc .srysnsxessnonoketcnenoas tone ashe xese tone le nekotenetexekexeaenenencRaneener(elle 348 Bruseh, see Malay Peninsula. Bruthen, see Victoria. Buck Creek, see Alaska. Buddle, (Williams) .described,. ete. 2.0.78. MstGh.. sR Hea. PV Ra cob ele leet teens bie 1668 Buddling of tin ore in Cornwall Buhner Creek, see Alaska. Bukit, see Malay Peninsula, Telom. Bwhl ery sg: TOW s sesaes cp svsia ove ons) svoiiei onletevoe eke erlotevolleiiele eile! w, nie cexouelioean one eMeed Oeanceene Reene 349 Bunde, see Malay Peninsula. Bungo, see Japan. BUM SOM, 1 Resa sieueieivis aves wots ei svesele sore elem eehaterete gteke pieke is oxo enehene tate ame Re serene 1459 Bunter pebble bed, cassiterite in, in west of England.................. 468 BRU RT GUT BUM oar aes si eye eet Mob oa an ek shrew oxtovet ot usu. otceononons 188, 190, 588, 1290 AMES, CIM atic, oye whe & aiererehelse wen aawue oles o> outhaclolle fob aahehle MMM tate td lol vouuteneilans 597 BA Was ONG GUM iM 6.5255; 50 cysts ovenseatesesieyetehey oiere altel’ wor Sus ote ieee tat Tera ee Nee etene 1320 Foss on tinand gold in Lower Burmal.. <\..... -tiseisistetehs tstbte afelsisiale te 188 FIT YAL HOM CLM Us sicc Salvadori. 2020 <2. 8 poise es oes oa Sane a ee eee 1029 Califormia; stint ines eae bake Oe eos eee eee 1192, 1196, 1281 Benedict, con Limsii eyes caer sae eeekevors vik Sos Gla Oe ee ee ee 213, 1200, 1301 Benedict ont:thel/SanvJacinto “tin mines! 8.0 et Aah. es5 hte hese 212 Blake’ ion tiny ink punks chee 2h ene SEs Ro % 6K 6 se SEE eee Ce 1202 Blake on tin on Feather River, Plumas County................ 214, 1201 DA Ys OMECTI TI alors wet ne ol alle wie oes el ereeay eal ace bi ola) eel ets ee ea ena 1208a, 1319 HMMens On) sis IM shied oboe = MRIS YS OE OS ee , 1205 Fairbanks on geology of Temescal district, and the occurrence of the system of tin. veins: «i 4a or, sees Bk fon psae 215, 216 Garrison .on the Temescal. tintmines soo) sl) Tea Loe, BEBE 217, 1207 Hanks (on -tin. ins San Bernardino County: 24% Ji. hs AO. ores aa 1394 Hanks’ on the Temescaliimines Meer), he A. TEE. IG Oe a 218 Inyo .County;*tini on Bishop: Creek. 4) 10: Ley, BO Sree aes 211 FACESOM. COM CUM: Dev cayiachenescestahese taressteratesctovsseretaketet tbe! sag OAMUROREH Mia ee TOD, (enone 219 Kemp on tin imi ote cs ek scan ie BAR, SERRA. SAR Re One ae 1213 Knight. on, the- Temeseal .mines: (San: Jacinto) ....:...:..0:0:erees te oak 220 Los Angeles, tin, gold; and silver mear. .:. . 2:52), GR. steers heladeciole 208 Ohly on tin at Temescal’... ... 20/646. WIND. HAA. GIR IOLA, BANTSE 1215 Plumas County, tin on middle fork of Feather River........... 214, 1201 BR OTD CUM. AM erage vnves sveneiotcresevalol bbe ie fehbTeNd oto LeRe & Locals eve 1218 Roessler on -tin, NEAT Sam vel AGLI Ovals. ov oeayon aviation hn onetot nen ier erate ee 221 Rolker ‘on tin’ ims. 252.02 895 Baskeecd os oo,» ABABA RE ee. CRA ee 1357 San Bernardino County; tin: im...) <<...) nics = ate Gate Seen tenes 1394 San. Jacintomines, tin Gye ee). 1s REE Ge 210, 212, 220, 221 MOEMESCal, FEM Va ty ora onactaa ere: ohoveto cha a sak ecey ebel csledlatolcprt eM dtohon tte ac RNa conte 1207, 1215 Temescal Gistrich Lim waeercresscevenseorsrovevers 209,.215,. 216, 2.7, .218,. 220, 22228223 West ‘on the "Temescal tin’ mines: < 22.6 esters ae io tele ayonodeletere oerebeteieuen 222 Whitney on tin inthe Temescal district 5.2 ssssees sees omic 223 See also United States. California Creek, see Queensland. Calorla mine, see New South Wales. Calvert,. Albert): By. . 2 3 o)0 acs 1s SIE TOTSIOON, Tene COE Cae te eS Eye 1030 Calvi, see Italy, Tuscany, Monte Calvi. Camborne, see Cornwall. Cambrian pegmatitic granite, cassiterite in... 6). ee 1010 NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 269 Reference Number CaAnTErOns Wal tewmyEs Riise Se ele ete late re tiiclaltlete cele cisleia eres ele eta ats 892-896 Campaecnens Emile Mathieu tate cero ctnteroie er era cis havccetsuancter slat ol'cl aeiererelie’ ote 1309 Cam pPHells sHaAEny aD Hos eRe seats ard tie Sie eee Siete e bie lere ele ele cleaned ete ave 1241 Campiglia, see Italy, Tuscany. Campiglia Marittima, see Italy, Tuscany. Campo Alle Buche, see Italy, Tuscany. Canada: Bettsvony tinsine refined eleadeys Vain a aiac eo clea iecerecel evolobarennerae, a creme elroreheteiere 225 ETH MOM HELIUM see et aaa rc iat alia auc cout eee atiavretietialoxovehaNiel oreterat clleniay orateret eter ale aire 1213 WW Olf -on“tin sins refined Weadh.+. 6A ethan ee este eee ote aortas ate ees 231 See also British Columbia, Greenland, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Yukon. Canfieldite, Penfield on a new sulphostannate of silver from Bolivia..... 1631 Canned um Cats eiectrOls timation cia ics vsleleteredeie al anh o sleeve tevleltcliele aie leiltetehsychalel 1290 Cao-Bang, see China, Yunnan. Cape Colony: Cape-Peninsula;- tintdeposits! OP ees se Pe Sea ES. 33a, Zaab; 233€ Griffiths on new method of concentrating alluvial tin at Kuils River, 234a Griffiths ‘on. tin insthetKulls® River feldies yg a Sh tetas 234 ElaZzendal stint s@ePOSitsmae ey acetals chncha states at atoro ae stata chelobeler creole sie stelele 235a HOO ZEKralla Tin ASPOSILShras seta esis ear etatee tee ater eaoe er ebsites aka eater etorens 235a Johnson on tin at Welbeloond and Langerwacht................... 2a Keyzer on tin between the Kuils River and Stellenbosch........... 35 Kuils River tin field....... 3b, 233; -233a,: 238¢,; -234,- 234a; 235; ‘235a,’ 1047 Ban gzerwacht: tin "GepOSH thes rcrcrapasorofeteretetotets tole tatetetsio "state tole ele’otstetores « oe 2a, 235a Papkuilsfonteins tin: depositss <. 2228) Mee eg. Sis Se sci ee ele 235a Rumboldvonektiils River stin? Geposits 320 Seek. Ie. Sees a Stokes Om, Hi Um erec Seok ete terote rte oleitote eiteiselts e's ieitete ete lote oials, allel alee e Se, o.0 730 Waener -on the ‘tin: GEPOBIES Ofte rir ttare tetera teletatereletelaia va cies eee eleleeicies « 235a IWelbeloond tine deposits ae itacs terete soit siebera ct elctel crete wile sles sere tre iele 2a, 235a See also Africa and South Africa. Cape Mountain, see Alaska. Cape Nome, see Alaska. Cape Prince of Wales, see Alaska. Capitaine; Hv. 2. SOARING Oe LEI ISTO b OTe tak ds. aa ht 1465 Capron Springs, see Virginia. Caradon, see Cornwall. Carbonates, see Association of tin with. WArCANAZWCS: eile. Se eeie et te ielotetel ecelnvers: ale whem ictel tereisteicielete's) c wleleleacstels eles! ee 1651 Carclaze mine, see Cornwall. Card, George W.......... Pe ee Rae te ti ieee SRE Rim AMORA Ium ETA TSAD che alas ahoree nee, « 808 WANG wale lel Chat Gerace ctercheieiaters ere coe) ele wicte ova. cliel aistare es cvel et enereletelte el ater sini Sie Crystallization, see Crystallization of tin. Cornwaillie.s ee OGi hose sah ees ah OG OR oes wre», cre Slee eek omue Eee. 1617, 1640 DD IN 6 OTN 5 css} ch Hees ihe ites elise ose foue ge yohaeseree le iare 0 oe RROD AE Rae OTe 1600 Daubrée on artificial production Of. 2). )./stiatversde «ae oneeho een eas 1602 Davey on pseudomorphs after feldspar in Huel Coates mine, St. ASHES \COTMW AIL. «. sin\p\cis\siecrs mitioie elses Crevice « orieinlae Sith okie. aaa 1603 Finland. (Pitkaramtas coi. .iecis ae esienies So tno neh aldose 1594, 1612 Fouqué and Lévy on artificial production Of. . s.sc il. sciete sorsnsrect eed 1610 FUPANICO.~ sha)'s eh since iegeisneie, ove ein avecchlaue Kitchens) tint atari Sue OE ed RO IG US Ne) Ate 389 Cotta on tinvineisccadsdacaheccetscteccetescessersas A aes 371, 1312 Couch: on: stanniferous deer horns inet. 615. for. ee, ESE POs 372 Courtney -(Boase and) .on: tin mining! ini) ..22.65. S180. 00. See 342 Dahlblom) on tins inky.2e dane eek sees SE PED, JO IBD? 373 Daubrée-ontiniins 224% seeks ae se etek ee ee SS I. SS A BO 1814 Davey on pseudomorphous tin oxide after feldspar in Huel Coates MING «SEs HA SNES pac repatetatatetatere rete tile tetate es 6 aE TE Sty LLG BRIVIS 1603 Davies on phenomena of heaves and faults in mineral veins in..... 374 Davies: on-tin- veins-at-St.Aemest 4 Se. Oke, Se RE Te Be 374, 1603 Davyxont tink snr. seve a Sh, I EEO OA ae UI, SoS 375 Daye ion: tin ins. wn se ne ee coe RIE 2 AERIS O. 10, Sa SOs 1318 Deer horns*(stanniferous) sc cocne oe ee OMe oe. BLES Is 365, 372, 726b De-BLarBeche on -tinmdamivss ii ceases wee ete ees oO IO. Bet 376 Dew. on ‘tin: iny..’.%.6% Paved ieee neon Neteictc! hero r Vet ct sTeRartel stotchol alte) efotee forelere hance 376a Dietzsch on treatment of tin-wolfram-copper ores at the Clitters United! “Minest cs. eee cncthnste ee eens OS, 0 SSI. TNA 1479 Dolcoath mine, tin in....322, 323, 324, 326, 327, 329g, 331, 341, 358, 380, 389, 422a, 440, 469, 470, 475, 1084, 1320, 1666 WD LEN AON tA HSS 25/5 Sa eee ole a elo erence hares Ga ttara tate ale te Sree bre clctote 377 Dritte Noor near *Penzances tin atte tas eure ek Fee AUS cone oe 355 Durrénoy~and: Beaumonton«tiny inet Be. So OO at 378 Earl of Mount Edgcumbe on tin production, 1873-1883.............. 1681 Hast “Wheal: Lovell; tinsinesss555 82.025 RU oP So, 883, 458 Hamonds on Phenician® tin trade with so. .06 ec ne cele site He whale c'e 'e 1389 Halmowth: tinUneariy 2 Us 4 At kA AE EO, Teo Rh, 411, 459, 1398 Haws ionitherDolcoath mines xs..4 cs cat lcletctt Sc sstatis sted ohaliele ce aisha s 1084, 1320 Ferguson on dressing of tin and copper ores in................... 1654 Flett on brecciated stanniferous vein stones in.................... 380 Flett on Dolcoath, Wheal Basset, South Crofty, Carn Brea, Wheal Aattyesand= West Kitty mines 2 ee ee Oe te Beta eete 380 Flett (Reid and) on tin in the Lands End district................ 448 Foster on andrewsite at the West Phoenix mine, Liskeard.......... 1608 Foster on the Great Flat Lode at Redruth and Camborne.......... 385 OSU THROM MELT LMNs, 57.5 7c ane aie ote armors ce fareteretereie levers) oils! slohel Stacs| clea at sllsilelecusta ete 382, 386 282 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VoL. 58 Cornwall—Continued. Reference Number Koster on tinvat) Hastawihiealmiuovelliaasciptse) aaetacittaraietee cnee eee 383 Foster; on; tinat: Park of Miness edt hess kan tanith. daiaceth an-sateen 384 Foullony on) stimoim i oye Rheytrie Ass AB we citeeertapsere ner ctekel oul aed Se eer eee 1322 Fowey Harbor, itimpimketcye 0... ek. pctsb tat ae aida ese nce 1407 Fox. on. tin) and capperdveins, in 4.jeseveicyoreavke tests fore ai tes iateds bts BLU 388 Frecheville on results obtained by Cornish system of dressing tin OPES s oio:c0 se: aie aiieh aisles ntoiele, och ebet stakes heen lene in aide oui San 390, 1655 Frecheville on tin at Dolcoath, Cooks Kitchen, Tincroft, and Carn BTCA is lols bi wi eres wee aie dies oe es BE bc SUTRA Gera ne Gee ee 389 Huchsyand de; Maunay, omy tiniims paps see aie Sac eeeie ete seat ae eee 391 Garby on a catalog of the minerals found im. ... «ojos #32 sR SRS, Ree te. BOL ERO ae 487 Williams <(J.)- on, the: Huel: Peever mine: .:...20 .2a0l008. 30. BAG, 488 Williams -(R. H:) on tin in ‘St. ‘Austell district. 0055.20. 28 Banke 489 Woodward-on' tint oreispecimens 'fromsiens.. 20. ie A A ctl ch oe 489a Worth: on: antiquity of tin! miningetiny eee. fee eee Oe 2 as. 1421 Worth on mining, dressing, smelting, and sale of tin and copper in.. 1425 Worth. Om timedms pia cists 654303 5 saree bre OER A, Neds SI 1426 ZASUNOT,» TIM Tis ols Holes sd sds ssa hE IO, VERT, A SO 460 ZATKOly OM: CIM: Ms rap stererete raters tatirecctecetavesetatetetercls, setaheiahaaa olen s Aatetate eoeteudai ets 490 See also England. Correze (Meymac), see France. Coruna, see Spain. Corundum, see Association of tin with. Cotta; Bernard’ Von 2. cans aon ees 6 65, 371, 501, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 1312 Cotton; Leo - Ass sles, cf Sago. SOE OA SBOE SED, A A ISHS Sea 8l6a Couch, eR - Que sins aera OE AU 5 ee SER HED CE, EO 372 Counsel, «HiwA.s oss vss 0% we SEA GIRO ASG BOTT, PE BETO, 1079 Country Harbor, see Nova Scotia, Lunenberg County. Courtis,, Wi (Mis .s.62%%5% et whee Ti Gh tld Ah Hy AVAL BAS NTO. SOE EGS aE, 24 Courtney: W. B.. (GBoase;, G.-C. amd). sc.6.65<.a3.60 ss spethn theres Guy Senet te 342 Cowper. Coles: ‘Seni: sis knswrge ais wid :s sa wae Swe ww ws We Rae Hoke te AS cetera 1471 Cox; Herbert) Sisecsscsceeevedit.. SPURL SMO. SOREN Aa, ARO Oe 817 Coxs Bight, see Tasmania. Coya lode, see Bolivia. Oramer Wy Carl sae ard aia. ecgus Fale sw Vise ation ad dae wi Sta aetaa ate eth Hake aka aR a ee eee 682 Cramer, . JOHN -ANMGEW 83.5 os: syeracd ayals, Sade aime Setepe eS, ERO ERS TERE, SER 1472 Grawiurd;., TONM << eactelen Haka wie d asides a6, ala ehathavateter sj lostoe Mee eRe xt 4282 GO” CLeESSAC; Cicer. ataianeraratarerslele vaters terete tere talbeerce © ibis chin ARETE TONE EY AUCh. SEL 502, 503 Cretaceous; tin: OTe: IMs... iverscsrsrbel PI EG PIPE OS oa 155, 182 @rettior, -H.. iscsi ca's oc eM RU, be ES ROE R8 To, Waa, 180 88, 127, 283 — ac ce NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 287 Reference Number Creuse, see France. Cristal Mountains, see French Kongo, Crystal Mountains. Croaghan Mountains, see Ireland, Wicklow. Croghan Kinshelagh, sce Ireland, Wicklow. ETON SUCH is peACK Clip asrareredstonster elects! oct sie orone er everest eyoy oer eke) ailaiie\ey clei Suck otle bi ak Shonen et aPoretone 1599 Croockewit;. Hess sicsis dane ns ose oR LOR MOAT, 219 HOS, SEG TE MO LOST, 683 WrOOCKES Wit, ATs EDRs hoor creer snatehetioterat arenes metenerals astaee (AQ AID TIBIOT. OO ot 89, 1473 Crook County, see Wyoming. Srookess ANG PROCHTIS Ae Meters: Sele > cushatets ove ct etole ti oheustereltels olelete oldle| ele Shale settle 1242 Crows Nest deposits, see Queensland. Cryolite, see Association of tin with. Crystal Mountains, see French Kongo. Crystallization of tin and tin compounds: Aad LOM MSTA arseste rehearse vey srekneieyst’o/ ona teuel skex'ovaronsvokeiabaveral osvowsterevey ghbeeTte 1429 BAULer ROMP aCASSIUCTILC meyer teyyets ip) svere) cl se rie ove) sw piigs ale) eccleloustoteleiaharets olcke'ei ofteete 1591 Becker Ons) CASSITETALC Het rks iyjoiereia ele sutellewheunseysipislvisiallle ohdiedssalablel eulgitevs entre 1592 Bern ay; Gi ON NASCAR yen tetaie oie. ve\er yeh ey eh overs eicls) eek DART MTOR. OSE: Se 1593 Cronstedt-ons CaSSileribe ysiew cts sie cake + Slejete eye: oleh si SUSUR ENcL ck slaeepee tele Vee «he 1599 Disintesration: ofatinyupoMm [CLYStALIZALCION.. 616 6io.ce)ore neieucns ae llesle orets 1434 Haullont 4OM Sine balley a reer Peevey tats tanta, Steve oh ebatel cieirahe re: cite al cvebaite et atenarobeuey ake o1tk609 Houllonvon! tery stalhizediauierye ist. ce cle sie tansvacstete chevatovete) elrotetors: oy « louste voller lt 1490 Greg and Wwettsom ons, GCASSILETITE: 4.5. 5) ice 01 o sie ore eVe\ ol eLtht eebloks, Naderer oll sl sis 1614 Mioridahl Pon testanmmet byes (2 ).ys)-.8isveussscovoushoveysusvenencuchohoncdesoccuenenetera tote t 1505a JACKSON MON CASSILC ILS Aria erate ates falele siacelahalel sical cleleseje: acqichaicclola lars 792 Jermejev on crystals of tinstone from Transbaikalia............... 1622 Kohlman on measurements of cassiterite crystals.................. 1624 Lacroix on distorted cassiterite crystals from France.............. 516 ‘Miller on measurements of crystals of metallic tin................6. 1627 Mohlengraaf on distorted cassiterite crystals from Swaziland...... 1052 BhillipssonvicHevOxdd CxO teciMeree vais iieteiekekenelieeekehensheiphaipiksiousiksekel routes! «ay 1633 Phillips on the cleaving of cassiterite crystals so that the angles Maye Lhe TAMAS ASH ee ciate eeveks, ) alsa Site Weim Shaw Sia rele EMRE HCl ov eee aca ret ae e 1204 PGRN WS) pSissic)-eriorehenexopenencs eitowes on shor os oc onsvanepenadetebar ca srapeteyed ohireper Goal Debora cue Croton aera 901 Doyle Pi ssc dain cee 3 oe che B90. Dad. SIT SITAR IG BIG AS. 689 DOV Les) MRAGTICK 2. cis..ccnszsrenepecsnovexsasvatshecaveveq eaxenodakore @ecathauavete de Rovapowttarctoke ooh aaee RIS 688 Dredging, Fawns on methods used in dredging for tin.................. 1320 Dressing of tin ore: Baldauf son methods ini Cormwall n-..ceqyacteiesateroney arcs Abts Sha ohitiorcrabbe eee 331 Ball, comparison of Cornish methods with those of Queensland...... 33la On. Conmish, MECHOGS sxc: seve.csarccodercveconorctele Eins AAS Pedaureilanate olaite Geminid 331b Boase-on method in Cornwall......94ch 22. SRR QIaHe, Da FERS eels ee 343 BOUUWIA. «Lace dinin cls wieiete elon eteda NID Lets SIL REV SIRIUE, eaten tet Uah CLD cate eae 177 IBY ACKENDILLY: < OD. s.cctetesevererersvetorere UBM MROh IE. He. apes 513 Dufrénoy, P. A., and Beaumont, Bliede. asieioib. aie .2asdaiwoM, oar 378 Dufrénoy, P. A., and Junekerjcissa.'e wi ost. dedld Aol eossel an allivedood: 507 Dumble, EH, . T.. . ta -gadate- datas). eds ed bawlaliin 2iineet 20 sliivedoxt 1169 Dundee, see New South Wales. Dunstan, ABs. Gist side heal aldeeeey. ch Bese sauidader. ge Nsw 902-905 Muu Shea PEC, Wale, or ou scueebepeyetedspa: cro, sas sk Acbkolededeus er cintes ae ae eee ee CE 786 Dunstan, Wyndham Rigas). ts. cieteite cacicniers feta a 258, 647, 857, 858, 859 Durangite: Hanks) on occurrence of, in. Durango, Mexico............00. ddsloaue 774 See Association of tin with. Durango, see Mexico. Wyarocher,, My Dag ss sc sus vgn die wp ous 0.0 edie 010 6 wie ROR MEEPS: Phy EO Ae a ee 508 PDMSSAMBOD a4 siui'y 4 ara cuainle Sk icsnia we <0 v:avenesalarpralaiia ete.) otebube tase nee ea eee 1482 Dutch ,sHast Indies; tinyin. esis! aoed ewlla ee aad ieneisg oe aoe 675, 1298 Dayvony bin win yaa pas (as:aifo''s is\\S ane agave qoilole ehetayel ty adsicee'ss yx ReRe eT een ae 1318 Doorman on. tin in... :leavaieT. exediaod. 2tm.ianls, a Zoi 7etbatit 286a Lock jon tin Sin. . yess eae o Balstdehls HORRY alildasek (eekey doe wat 1338 See also Banka, Billiton, Borneo, Celebes, East Indies, Java, and Sumatra. PVCS. Hos arare eed hens ahaa. Gals} atax'el shel Sack Grd aa hea ores eed ape 691, 692, 693, 1483 Dykes, E..J, B. (Hume, W..J., P., and). .ceteiies ce ies ee ase! 698 E pind Cisvonionnn ok oueMeticn tag ostse ty cn cu ex’os silawchohon ol el ons bape Nev ctstick: Coe ORAM Oa 49 Ears Mountain, see Alaska. Kan ‘of. Mounts Hdecumibe «5... 5. cies. sistas cero ey ore oles ravaneions oie i ea eene alee 1681 East Indies: Crawfurd. on. stinpadmeh tissile wr. Sek fb. te Beebae Je, Sale 1, Tee 282 Cretier on tin in Java, Billiton,.and the Dutch East Indies......... 283 DjAchiardi .on dtinjdms|l js. wie she We, JAI HOS fH de, ke a dde}o aeeole 1313 D’Achiardi on\ tinjon Karimon) Island... 3... 5c.cuee cscs «lee 284 Dieston stin: im Salimbars so... sac sei SYEAE, sadaine vate fe gale 381 Foster on tin in Cornwall, Devon, and Somerset..............0... 382 Fowey Harbor, blocks of tin dredged from.............scescceeees 1407 NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 295 England—Continued. Reference Number Hox on “tintkin™ Wendromes.. oo. soe estre =i bk kate sfonde mbites false ata 387 Geological Survey maps showing tin deposits...............0.00005 429 Creo Pan demettsoml Ol ptineime ny cere ia. icin coat cera ee tenet teyeie ort ne 1614 Gregor on muriate of tim from. v5 senis secs. oo + + + etheberre eee amtie 393 Hawkins on alluvial strata at Porth, Sandrycock, and Pentuan..... 399 Hawkinson history of tin’ mines) imigh: saaseine date sceelek oe cll 1396 Henwood on tin: Im .vtaguy ss betdaw stot ble cel calls deste oy Oe asia. denerts 1327 Unt On MINES POL. ne cece siete Scat teee Ce ee OTs clel sialee stoi 0.6 415, 1688 James on block of tin dredged in Falmouth Harbor............... 1398 VALS OMS CIMT cisco ere clereteeencletere:s orel eo 8's BEDELae Pe CEPTEIeet whey heey sealed att ys 416 Keudernatsch onl tim ims s..5/c)e.cc0i-2.0.0.8 ess, creche Sele tele Shcje aT states MO To ot 421 Lancashire, condition of manufacturing chemistry in.............. 1568 ettsom (Gres and) Onyitiny Im. .',<,.Js/00,e;s.ece,efelspe')jetdehe eel aoe eae 1614 Kewis;on historywofitineminime ims . fijesiieass . detetes Goble « ests betes a 1402 Bouiss(¢Phillips and) son jtintiny ayia -anladi .obeiedast o.venem eel. » > 1350 MacAlister on tin in, see Nos. 448 and 449. Pearce on blocks of tin dredged in Fowey Harbor................. 1407 Phillips and ouistonetin’e insist . eh eae. see yey. Seta cata aE ones 1350 ni Seon tinyolnemmeprate te sry. los ot Sielk cae oee boece nee ela win oe cree cee 1408 Pollard on tin in, see No. 448. GRE eraAlliLvigle stra beac be mercies cies tocvcrt. oo orci che cecels) o) oeleteaneroiern cus iE ears 399 Prycecon minerals, mines; and mining of......... feet scne ale 444 Te RAN Ce ONUSLECATM timc ss tole ce,eccls, ors, s,chTaldicro othe eit he Perot e ue 446 REMSTIANS sbi eMIN eerste es ee cele sccice sees on 5.0 atte dees series 352 Rhy ssonmean ly Cin ebraderOler ais cvess sw cs.ece0,c5e 008 6 eue eels s oceusobel tions BITE 1413 ROSewarneG MING re ow ese ous eee Ord ec coe oc ews sig Mem eb stttedes anti 381 Rudiler on minerals in! British) Isles. <5 ...25..,.. teres rave oot lees oceetehoters © 452 Sandrycock alluvial sstratay at. io2sic,cresie.*.7.c.+,9.s0cebde able Seen cB eaniand 399 Sehiaabelsone inert GaunOnien 1. tis sce ers elev ecveienereteie eroke es cate clores cee 794 Schunck, Smith, and Roscoe on condition of manufacturing chemistry ~ ines SOUL wuancashimenGistricts« > «ost ccscives eees oejeokomreureYare cuutane 1568 DinychuyonToccurrence ol copper and tim ims. sd. acacia neues came 457 Thomas on cassiterite in Bunter pebble bed in west of.............. 468 PMHONTAS TAN Gs BULL OMS TOM CiI DMs ce c.2 sce are crecesevorsuapeheronere eRe: cules) cchtaceiep «fete 475 MG OLOVeE ULI DIN Cero Cima trreve cceistere cc) e eo epe.e a das waite: Svensie We loueierchogsnereleLave ov aiehehe 369 Niatsonmon me Oritishsormirmtn Sep cra. ack co sleeie sce cie cic ersvere here eeareueaamoe ee 483 IVCDCONOT sat imi Mew rare te clever sclera: aves, = @ adios cus peyaicheve: shores anesay eueacneuaeevene rete ls 387 Wilkinson on tin in, see No. 448. Woodwandvousar Garalogiie of FOSSIIS TOM. « ...05 osc 2 c-0fee cv0.> cpoyqetoyste oc 489a IWOLLHROMeaAmtIOliiy OF TIM MVIMIMNS 1M. icc cm enetert.c:o0.0-e shoes ciate 1426 See also Cornwall, Devon, Europe, Great Britain, and Somerset. EE TV SULTS Time Nan Geetetete tome ore cl ayo) cc a ale og fore Goasath mnie severe aia elas aves evel enerera sol sneter els enebe 50 UTSLER CII VM a Nah oc heck a oes ee Nae Nace ese chale one HE Saran oe ee ca ee 379 Enkeldoorn, see Transvaal. Enterprise mine, see South Australia. 296 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS voL. 58 Reference Number Epidote, see Association of tin with. Erea Dam, see South Australia. BIEnst,: ‘Co. VOU wccorercciecercrenslollenatekotetoveteterorerehakerctelawer diner Sud stdtte Abeheeenet ota te netehadn ovations 623 Erzgebirge, see Saxony. Eschwege, - Wi evn. 255. IIe T Tie, OE ES LI NEE EO Tania an atte 874 Eskdale, see Victoria, northeastern district. Esk River, see New South Wales, Richmond County. Etta mine, see South Dakota. Eureka Creek district, see Queensland. Euriowie, see New South Wales. Hurope; BerZzmMan On tin! VEINS Of. .:.+.p.snoroncrcsetoresoveveronccote clerct oblate creme mtanoteraees 1302 Louis on tin’ inet, WGA, AAAS, Sr Eee MP PRR 1340 ROTKer -OM+ Ci: TDi. erscretenet ster etetecotaretenotetoreneehe Sites shade eheWlheee ouahor cl mtetel marae ate 1357 See Austria, Bohemia, Cornwall, Devon, England, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Saxony, Scotland, Siberia, Spain, Sweden. Euxinite, see Association of tin with. Evans or Little River, see New South Wales. FOVELGIME? + 5.5 222.5 555 5s sib 5 8.0 ees 0 ble Blo wlio. oe fete ote eh. s Pe nee cena eRn Raa, 155b FEVOI WATTS. Reeve is perc dua nes tetera ie. cbse so ee cian sioker en phe rereme ater eres amen eee oe 98, 289, 290, 291 WVCrwyn, Riss cd osc eerie shee sc bese ode bene nee ea ee eae TRIN TEER ae 287, 288 Evigtok, see Greenland. Ewen, D.: (Levy,. Dor May AI) r.r.:0:. erersters tototatetaroteteets Shas Means nests Guin eat ewes) 1521a Exportation of tin: Cag TG O04 e rrctate te meteve leita teste re to ee beets tonto rareretereratdle SIS. LET: MLAS AO A 266 Indian: - Archipelago. 2... ..45.2 42554424 h pews or 4s ete ate ent nT EE Eat 282 Sumatra, Stak: Gistrict.:.:.-c:cecccesreresstetee soba te Sioa Pics Gea ean ete a tae tiene 3805 Victoria; L899 tO) Catesrc:i-c-.-cccct cere terete teteleee areata ee Wiehe ccha et el aes ate ey Reta 1222 F Mair banks. Sear OlGL Wise ces cocre sea leavcke arate eieeaa ie STOOLS OTRO eho IC reir 215, 216 Fairbanks region, see Alaska. Fairibawilt CMS ROMO] Drees. cccalseic e shove Male teas lioteie saspatet areuensratolecenntareroR mete te 227 Falls Church, see Victoria. Falmouth, see Cornwall and England. Marrellls JOHN IRE OPe we eta lars le tavs clepetiens is omic REL oe So eo eee 276 Pasal Jy Ch raenkele As candy). sso cttncestes citers: s stots oireecicreieeaoe mercer 1493 Fatigue of metals, Egleston on fatigue and refreshment of tin........... 1484 Pawns OVUM Vaya yisiccnes clcteatiepepeka cients 156, 277, 694, 770, 1083, 1084, 1320 Way,, Albert, FVII. !.fiustseispetsrsis tots eustena tone telerere wo oretelalste ove eiet stececer eeckeneRneter pensions 25 Feather River, see California, Plumas County. Feldspar: ASSOCTATEG! With StIMee Rei” Nantes. ce stoic tear ctueneseen ou cmeaer euch eeeronenetenete 498, 586, 681 Cassiterite pseudomorphs after................:. 357, 478, 479, 1603, 16388 Reid and Scrivenor on cassiterite pseudomorphs after............. 16388 NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 297 Feldspar—Continued. Reference Number Replaced) byASnO;, ine Cornwall.c epee tes... MeO Ae 5 Oe 357 Replaced in turn by tourmaline and SnO, in Tasmania............. 1078a Tweedy. on cassiterite pseudomorphs after.................0000. 478, 479 See also Association of tin with. GTN TNS THN 3 ER VaR vans ol ston lene au Neate: Wcatiah al aconsyMeak reve olay ee oleh olatpah eT oa oe wel se 292, 293 IGE USOM: Bll CMT yAawd cree imate tobsce se) cl eosdis.e: corel aires oloiecenenalate WAT eer eae ev abere omeveh tote 1654 Ferguson Island, see New Guinea. Fergusonite, see Association of tin with. TET OTF a; SC NS TNS Ae pvenets cious Wel cls tohane boNouetshevokonoiicieWane’sveleiobeutonaltte Cog oleh makmots 590a PM GAG T OTe 5) ccys vowshiohcwetecuohehvcacuslaslsctetiobsiasluske betjothe wehtelsliores oatecgdeitel TUN EMERE ek ciee thee ARE Earth SELENE 129 Heuchtwanger,. Lewis... .88G0R4. ops! oSBSHT PLO: Bae Re AS HITT 1321 Fichtelgebirge, see Germany. Ted LER HK. -Ge se ROSA RGAE v AeheT IMI, Bo MOL MOSS ARE Las Go ERE 943 SEE A AES |S: CHEW or -nevenoxesonenoncterenavaneieveisckeicevotenstsoe the eas adele OU heiete) AERes AMEE 1607 Fillery Creek, see Alaska. Financial side of tin: Abbott ontthe mines/OLpHNSlandy,. seca sles ove osteo sid cdl ot hlaiuatelaiaie shale 309 TS AMUCAL VS 27 iXeusvevcussedeseesucstiesasven versie laversvsnaheve sel Ste Met drcteh tite Gnd oh) Slee BEA MSS 1138 Bettany .onvtheitin) trade: giSGGheens hl. GAs, Aad TO Rae s 1304 Burman Sevier Sut (istrict, US ayy oie cob slevnunanche so 7 crsvetaberdukd ondtel detonate: 206 Burmah; pMereuilraisLricty Wssor oie aie. Sak ARO SES Se Ie 185 Cornwall: Coinage of tin and commercial practices of.................20- 351 Cost jofmoaperatine.,, production,.and...Wwasesi in. Je. 402. Se 422 Hinanciale outlooksee!9.00-1:9,015-. het eAiterutke lect dee Stas loth otltaneeciieue are J 328 Profits (derivmedtitronvimineshim Ke Dts Salle Si. ah ac 476 Systemijor sellimes oresini cccscrcs avd abet ite tors ote olde Melb ole dekstoee ee 316 bngeland economic conditions: 5 26 2 nda We HEA. WO AIO ORR AS ve es 686 Perak? Tambun mine, .profits, 190A. Mn TROT Se Be 670 Struthers and Pratt on market conditions in the United States in MOOS. Fister Aaices ioe Pe reeHe Re NeNSoLseANS PONE LC acwcvenre ee hevee se ustavensuanasaseueusyencisht RNA oro 1364 Tasmania, COMMErcialiCONGITIONSN 1M). o's... stsletslasnelers « eyevai « chaleha hrs take 1106 Tasmania, Mt. Bischoff, costs of mining in.............. 1083, 1102, 1105 298 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 Financial side of tin—Continued. Reference Tasmania, . Mt.. Bischoff,. dividends... .lJ64.0%@). 45.00, Ya. UaIPIas 1121a United States, imports, market conditions, and prices of tin in 1907.. 1211 United, States, market condition Hmyj1908iieekt Iai. 3 NR 1364 United States, tin plate industry, prices, exports, etc.............. 1202 Finistére, see France. Finland: Borgstrom on tin at Pitkaranta. ..... .tHuehs lve ise .ehalaeiee Gee 1594 Cotta OM TUM Ui... suaeierecerevere oiave 0 le da MG ol Ehoh oA veA MI RNA eee NS ea eee 1312 BVA WANS, (OUD CUM, AMD a ciaysweye ction wstieis s0vo.t5=c seve\to.sayie telkos sotesroneivs bo oC TeMe ive fe vale teeta cree ara 1320 Gadolin (an tinjat VRitkaramtay, coc). cscjetcn tlswilelaio is mle pocceone des eloieteiemtokeieretete 1612 Gurney on tin at Pitkdéranta, near Lake Ladoga..............e000% 944 Ki@DPPEn OM CIM: TG. aioiece wiesere. oie osevea 6! vie loveve ole 76, EER a toe eee 946, 969 Koulibine on tin production of Pitkaéranta, 1887-1889.......... 1691, 1692 Krusch) on, (tin, abpRitkaranta,. cs juschessnovennsieuereiueusieipetcveretret kent teks 947 Ladoga, Cake) Cis Mears jie: c. srenere ato ss, o1s,syepoheuesssontioleerdete eee etna tebe 949 TAOWAS OT CIM) AM scope trea ieveisi'e ove a oyei ors vatarel s¥etevsrecelleis TeVc.is conchae MTR TR nae 1340 Nordenskiold , om stim: Aims, oo oii e600: arm SPR IAIN «BEF PORE EATS cM Src owt 948, 1628a Phillips any loi se OM AGM, IM. .cxeve)c:1okee toils ous voneneiie nelle vena saveite teneieito ereteiey aeeemenetee 1350 Pitkaranta,, iron, copper, and tin. ores atill .chaet ft. aly. ga seieae 953 PitKAanan tas Gumentemeremele hae eieiereiarciees lenes 942, 944, 947, 948, 950, 951, 952, 953 Pusch on tin near Lake Ladoga and elsewhere in Finland.......... 949 Schoultz-Ascheraden on tin at Pitkdranta. ...........000 0c eleileniacts 950 Somero, ainalite fromPennikjadimeiwemiggoe. Bus. 151 1a. Faas. oe 1628a Struve .on.tin at, Pitkaranta’. jo.6. .c05 di DOSS. sel Lie leak lal eeledeler ore 951 Tornebohm on) tin at Ritkaranta.....4 0A... Hamel acinh. VASES hele ate 952 Triistedt on iron, copper, and tin ores at Pitkaranta........... Boo. a8 Triistedt on .tim, at, PitkAramtars...,.isscicioveichdle Hache stela ated. Nd doles isrerecls 953 See Russia and Europe. MIT GIES 5, Tey Wisis VOWS segshe ie vexe rove rece sevens (oucuensicons toc Shoy elspa etats EARL Ohh s caA eked elsy «ee@-eebeu? 1610 Fowey Harbor, see Cornwall. MOT CHATIOS ooo) once s opeuayeaciein,s .2 eect lca TRI T ae spade casuet 387 HIOXS PELODET EC: OWiETO ci cis se core ues ot Sie: o owiehe has TeeReht ahs d= cdonis DAL ORE 388 Henaenikels A. land: Wasal Jick os.cco0<,syeheca,e castoldbels 1s sth stakhn cen Seno b 1493 PR RETIICO Toru Soin Sa cotcihen oaciacoreushgshsie ious iw se 0coiens: sus eunusvewioce eute ote ods Phe Oey Moxdteeges 99 France: PANT OT Es CAM, CAM ee os csofosehstegersceiovsysyeie.e, Gaile Weketell Lc SO OSE sito RSC 516, 1316 Aliter;. Colettes, TIN ats cia ss is > oA tas Sie eyes TLE «bhe cishhe cies a Dee: 509, 510 Allier, Wechassieres, tin ataiaatan «neil. bits ancwec® sek stds da atdosane 510 Allier, Lizolle and Echassiéres, tin with: kaolingaticd: sets «neoala sen 504 FATHOM UUM atest tw pernctsmarskeuctorerais otha yee coo: due csveige eyed bs pad dete tetera sree chet aes 516 Audibert on tin veins of Maupas, Morbihan..............0.ces000. 497 Baudot on tin’ ati7Villeder,,,Morbihams wii Soyeje ccs fiblat store opis e erate’ oie 498 Beck, OMS CIM, iM 5.001. egoveiesa, sj spsveyonscelebes fete stale Aa MIsIe oie Esl ayo SteksPeteecls aye 1299 Blavier and Lorieux on tin at Villeder, Morbihan................. 499 Bourbonne; tin) in Jan altenedsleady at! Scrss5 aco. rere eee 1317 Davy on tin between Abbaretz and Vay in Lower Loire............. 505 MULLEN OV hOW) Cin} TW. 6... « o,«, ayer dsareisseyessccress.0/ abo) tel to. cqenderd SAE «eles eons 506 Diutrenoy, on tin at) Piriac, ower oie... o:..).:+, ta dnes lard of sale BET 508 UA WATS OMG CLI: TN fie suse eversievecereelascus.ocs.c7e.0.0ce 018 osctete bh. QTAO LOO Nes 1320 500 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL.. 58 France—Continued. Reference Number Pinistére,. Cita IMG, AOC i ckindadinetanadctorane tarot toteratereteter Seto ute the edad 516 Fuchs-and- de. Launay -on‘tin: in... (teow fee OU? Bee eh 1323 Fuchs and de Launay on tin at Villeder, Montebras, Creuse, Vaulry, Cieux, Colettes (Allier), Chanteloube, and St. Leonard......... 509 Guédras.on- tin in Barjac,. LOzére:. 1. tol «tee OES. ee 511 Haute-Vienne; tim, Simian. oss 0 ccenseictieels vice ate ee eee Eee 516 Haute-Vienne; Sti. Leonard.) coldiaten sn.nn cane we cetera 1406 Haute-Vienne,. St. Leonard, tin, at..24.<<..% s preyelecterels oct 1416 Simoninvonetine in! Willeder. os: oo acta alo bis > bie aposdeie So lehaisvedcles weehene od- 526 AVANT Ve OL UE Tey hos Sea Are ih reales Dea e cacatae ate Sanaa re eg ete el tel loie) STaPav See louoXore oi 1406 NU DUL Oya et AIN CUT Say cacy auewe tettalien sxexat's:io ra sylesies SaalecvabeVelscey susceens $e hlyst 0050009; 208) 406 See also Europe. Rranckeite rior om relations Of teallite tO... . «.,auci-ue,°ush9. 98°,yaseneeseissleacisioictMed= leteereaiey iaieieys 1492 AROCHOD HV UTICC a uetet ate siciereleseay<,<:0.s,0. 0, ektopam aterereeyemeh siete efaie ovals ocerexs fe torenefey= 158 Eaeaych Ie eV LUI Kini oat eee ayes) le\.e a. oboe 224 AslPericonlri METAS Hs ven suzver oh atonoworstel oxcuevershovorovoreteveteWex er Otel een RE oe 579 Arsuk.'(Arsut) &hiord: tintoness) Scene ee, See eee 583, 584 Boggild (oniitininin’ “ikl. ok Coa Ie a eee 581 Christidanshaabsxdistnrict;) tins in}. c2ccss cere ee eee 583 Evigtok) near. Arksut; tin at... 1008 Ah Roses ok Een. cea eee 586 Has walsh yOu. ELM DI ys saw 1521 5:2) s coetes a vacee Palo eros aielarete oie Re eee 1320 Blink an\ tin, in; southernipart. 2225%-6% lee coe oe dee ee 582: Erederikshaabs; | minerals: near... isang . pine ee ls eee Eee 580, 583 Giesecke on tin in the Christianshaabs, Frederickshaabs, and God- INAV) GISLEICES). ho wcugs sieve vei w eis bo ataroieenormine cane oe 583 Godhavn ‘district; tin at Itivdliarsuk. ..... .Gctsgie2) sok che Ee 583 Hoff on. tin at Ivikaetjon Arsut. Fjord: o.3 2.42 ce. cs6 cnt oe eiiehos 584 Ivikaet on Arsut Hjord, tin at. .ireatuac vale en ae ee rea eee 584 Rink, on; the, peoplesands products, Of cu.reeunerer tere eno oee tenn 585 Tayler on tin at Evigtok near Arksut.....Jieniialh asa. nee eee et 586 Greg, R. P., and. Letisomy, W. (Gs. ....0:..0,5 «aietoed «a RIMeht ae ena eee SS 1614 Gregor, William... i jexeisrevece sts love atisipara crake chotousscr oa ane ee 393, 1498 GOL OLY. Dic AW sisveucecsa sie okti ekeaed one oko oS Se ee ae See 1092, 1226 NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 307 Reference Number CERES ESOT Viairg Lowell araveticveron ay ar aiatatiatan etarla arta) ata revavateiiateve rane argieians evele\vate ac StaehRanee 908, 909 Greifenstein, see Germany. Reoreutad CNY bed SU) egw are te tet c yaad Pelol okies a cvtet ces exer arellsvalosel nls) &i ors Snersierer avevayssetale obeteieveve awe 1180 CRIN Ss Flarrye MMs fos vais ce a bale AIMS ere oko STOLE, cae 234, 234a GB ddeehks, MAMDSE ier rarcis satetsens iets evetela oraal a voreraate aval shavovevalickahelle senate sianavercvalttene 549, 1093 Groenfontein, see Transvaal. Groenvlei, see Transvaal. GEOO Ua Cre Cx crere teenstcv syne on ae Sie eaoEN Dor atalW area Sala Seis ehOlrel at are ehaltve 101, 130; 132, 132 CEL OS CHOSE Hs rate si vias Or olare ato oals ec wee sora wisi cle re Gite SDs HCrelO Ee soso eee 172 Grosicon) J.-B. Gi Ass ssf eee Fee coer dee wagayewose sheets 267 ETERUIN ys, TATIUGS ayeyayeveres es eccverereu hehe ake edetelaye BIN eke LtaT aratay oe bhatare hestelleits Ce areal 190 Guanajuato, see Mexico. MCG AS MAT. COL rs cid cite ctovevaberat evel evel av elatarelorava ei ore OF GeLeRS 6 te atau ane IL aah See Co SaaMe ots 511 RP Hcher RICH ATG Js -)s «oa setts ou aee wa eia ne oes hcl tis swale mad metatslo clans 1326 Guerrero, see Mexico. Gulfmine, see New South Wales, Bendemeer. Gumbel lodes, see New South Wales, Molong district. Gunnislake, see Cornwall. Gunong Gapis, see Malay Peninsula, Telom. METRE Geen Aes che veh-aeve'e-¥ res) MO aitairereleeccrete: Steral atahel ai wrt ie2e ys Susie kets ar tnel a edamaneReh aa ee Ca fe 624 GUTIVOV 5 EVs Biovere ciao oad re tarenevevatekeboliere bole) sile¥e:o Oikabe eis a Pen Oe Soenae coe Tae che ENEE 944 H PLATA TNS Gla se EI rte aprsy ch ckeven suapevexe ssvevatiouelotevessrakenstovedivopevsvencssrsucnchgy suanssslonavehevawossner theta! oe le 1048 PLL CAMO rA Coa, Bia Shes ele press tere here alee ele eer sla evs wrclecthelalo ckaberd et Dae stale Bia SEAS 910, 911 Half Moon Bay, see New Zealand, Stewart Island. LOUIS RO AN a Lae oe a icst » cfouclc c/n cleraneiste ote is. spovakdtehaerelmre otha sled se aeoa a ae 1181, 1182 DEPP A wid @ breve Elis cts (oes lore cate We acct acl oie a ate re wreath aha ERE one ee Maresckeuepeuar aan 67, 550 PEE SIN SS @SPROTS CLS fay oy on spicy aries ei syici ck sot eect Ah ob oy nt ok aN ch av oven ot'et oy oy 0s Sv'ewe¥ov 0h Su.0) sv shcvot av chan cxoravayoyerePaeaeoh ate: o TS Famultonm, “Alexander 3) << 2isic is /stovclevs'eneie aie ss o alare: sais s sarap tovend ona etatere atte Ole 294 BAUD OTE rel aE cr Spel ay oss ale val atialls! alallstat esr slic eter ava Sek’ 695, 696, 697, 1049, 1094 Hancock; ) Richard. sc asses acide sines Eaopaye Bi exe elie aretcr otra eqaret chet ooneten Tere 394 MMPeR AT RCES ETC Ai Pav essebracroderseohotevevels eaters tetas Ae RISTO EEO 218, 774, 1394 Happy Union mine, see Cornwall, Pentuan. ETAT COUT L-OMNE CH Dees citiey cars rectal ele tevavateve.eievslelst eve are ect tetade: ehitcheere rede 1095, 1095a Hardhead, Levy and Ewen on the bessemerizing of...............e000- 1521a ELD IMTOTH Ye DULL Ora). i o,teysncle io .eseicy eh sel ebe yore 'ovevers Wieisiistiore:\aycoslartsr cherie ana reP aCe U oe ceca eor to etele 1038 Harney Peak mine, see South Dakota. Harney Range, see South Dakota. EL EMU LeU Oates Grates circteey fay seven er chaveneverenetesevcrsiencnovedahohepevexctenncnekovercmeceyevousvshoeusrolehvel ht Raa Ges 161 Haute-Vienne, see France. . DEIRRB Yaa ts ate etetele 6 ee Shae ce Fl do Sialic ‘a old ale a Stolelele gis shame Bie onsiahave Daan elonss 1499, 1615 EMER WEIN Sg © arcu cr-cicer sh ae oy oncd ster otcliey sp'an'or bron ener ores VHEPED SANIT UTI Chae HEN, Ae ed IA tava 395;' 11395 Mee VINEE Re) OLUIMsrotaoielovey Naloueroneieiekoxesaernovousnonenouetohenoueiehs 396, 397, 398, 399, 1396, 1500 308 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 Reference . Number hay esHeAIouUstusi Ass stavevalardk tag ain dio laidin oa chiereiotn acacd ain ana Nice al A era Crea nee 1501 Hazaribagh, see India, Chota Nagpur. Eveald dem, Witty ss. s0.4cbawerensbexenonohs dens sole shay hsm PROT: 1008, 1208, 1502, 1616, 1617 Hedddent Wii... (Canpeniters ahi rRs,) AMG) asa sees aa aidie aegis eater ae 1466 FRC AMS MRTOST 35305 aj niche ee chic wade aa Nore te ve ca lated ateheeatalie cay alata alts eirene's ce aR Tee ee 875 Heemskirk, see Tasmania. FVD OT Sic) Wistey reac orton cnciie ai eneret er Reena ara hatatia fo; Saal ate here 16: a: Sh oh OETA ep eee reas eal Frel miliickserh (EGE So) 'a,4, «asa 94, snare sendeel oie ay 8 ebayer ds ia.rdi a6: o.8) HORE TOIaE OER VER eD SISTERS Cree 400 Hematite: Beck on occurrence at Schwartzenberg (Germany)..............+0. 530 Pirsson.on Cassitenite .crystalstim ery Stals) -Ofs.).<.-c1esonosesorsseronreretaie tae ctonte 1635 Replaced by cassiterite in Durango, Mexico....../....0. 000.00 0008 771 See Association of tin with. ETOMMECILO; , awd pplieaicadsccyyakh tne ee vc teeNtaess Oca nr det UARIA «a eet 864 Henry mine, see Tasmania. Henty,, Gis Mises eieneis 5, 6)0 10 ae: s\ep eile lo ahd RARER ahah, RE ORNS 6 SEIU: HORE SBN PE 401 Henwood, George... .:...f0i WAI, BROT | WU GNE. SOO OME 898 RODD! 402, 403 FLSM WOO; AWiee ee ayeietale cieieke en ao ee Enea area 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 1327, 1656 Henz, THe oc sus dye see ye, don yey 8 sees: eke sre he ted Reet che: create RUT OR a RTA ETRE BEER) aE HORE REEE 1503 Henzai, see Burmah. Herberton district, see Queensland. PROTEIN TD ya. Suse oiclancpese tosthes SUCROUC ORR UaaBe tac orox silestoico: eivasiedetialtevene eet asters Mor eieReec ee 122%. 1228 EROTIC 5 TERE 2ee ai strane corre uote telebed eno eR Ca ete NRC cove 6 ela inte CRETE Ree seo at eee 945, 968 FV OPTIMA sens Si edeloce salons ae ove fapeletseete couse elise. 6:5: ails) Svea ere Shaheen oae re ener ee eee 40 EMSA ES eM I AS. see dsige sousisoiveas deaatisleoweteteneweteiranevoncne hove Kaus kexa ieuslueweiene te CCCI BCISESRERCRCR: PORTO 512 Herter Paul, and, Raths Gs WOM steele is, a1m o's alee a ove sateen s scare aeragcn te ete 625 Hess) Krank du. ccs sce eect ee eee 26, 27, 247, 1009, 1209-1211, 1328, 1329 Heterosite, see Association of tin with. ey COCK, Cp whee WANG NEVE? Relea are toys an) crouse ciel cie cuccuet ante ere rer eRe ener 1504 FAR CLS, pAMUCS vou cxeucrcr-nevonevedevotoveserspersWoketeyexoresoa cysdcnonsxcaceckcasRetencreRarece mer ercn ee 1505, 1657 Hidalgo, see Mexico. Higuei, see Santo Domingo. VDT Teer BS pres oh ciel dicey es ual Gay Pal oh gh Mahe HOMER ol hos ox ct al ahh hed al dl evict Gt Neat aaa OU NT oes 409, 410 Hill, J. B., and MacAlister, D. Av... ccc eeeee isl celeticase AO ae 411 Billy Te bs oie oie ae ae HOS OE SI 5 EEE TIED SSS 5 DOT TY SOR Sa 28 Hin-boun, see Siam, Laos. Hiortdahl,. B.. ic. cisies.oche BASSE CR MIRO. OOS I AER. a see 1505a Hirukawa, see Japan. ° History of tin: ATA Ka cc ace eats sls ieteys, 6 Rc tele we iota (oie 90 0's aOR INS a Pee yeaa eee ee ee 28a BUCO Bey, OD i 5s a5 cade pele scuba Ras ss Home nme aa NE TSNG vo dans une dS As conc de ase kokousuepoedeuskoncheaete ene 1378 Baudot on mines of Villeder, Morbihan, France...............0000- 498 BBR ECaa, os ch ct. dl ostetcay'ey Sacoh hy MaItcy eked is Or op lec ov ss on 5x70) eer otfsh ore ed oh: ven ol cy eroncliuct stan el ctek star eterenete 1415 Banka: "history, OL mimi MeCN OS ci.cyvercccrsvencccrosvveoereh eee nore rere Ree 74 Batis te OT at Ty es OTF ELI ey. ve ncine seiccas cose ce vnkene le bounsoue colt wows tovsuetieuesen rea 1375, 13876 NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 309 History of tin—Continued. Relerenee Babktenvony they Stamn aries: ACh L.eliscsNopepenorsrenoscearesarohoreh dete wicterensian le dats LST Benedict ponybini ins Cali fanmia. yc csecs nsdeetehe atetaleadl bi. octave el teee eee eee 213 Benedichrom tintin,South Dakota. cccskwawcer ct awscceetrcitececene 990 Benedict jon; tiniin) Tasmania... Vee. Ue RI DEI, a 1074 Benedict, onytin mininie vinrCornwalltecc ie 4 Meron Oe BD 30 Berthelot on minerals.and metals of the ancient Chaldeans......... 1379 UPL] Cura GU aesy ses evevion cu MTR Per cota eed ch ct elle, SE TLD, AUT CET IPS CEE As RTS 1380 SUVA COM eyicahsvononencehebe teed oeword, a tel Rat AIL AREAS, SOL SEEN ga RG ROE LTE OE OTE cae ats Boase and Courtney on tin mining in Cornwall and Devon......... 342 BOE Ay facta ale wi aiecraletees Sterol owe we OL Mls ESL EGY 67, 565, 566, 567 Borlase on early Grecian and Phoenician tin trade................. 1882 BOrlasexanySQunce role EGOS CVA GUI oop ae osceanerstathe eetiteid eis cea ate beetarare se 4 1381 Rorlasesonstintiniw@ornwallionies . O40. SAE a EEG. Go 1382, 1383 Borlase on tin mining in Spain, past and present................. 1028 Brethertonyonviindeposits: Of MEXICO j...4 vate ok cont ole SO, SL 765 Burnard on the antiquity of the Bronze age in Britain and on the laws and customs of the stannaries in Devon................... 13884 Californias mus. Aek. TEMAS LTake, Shetdieeee ele MEE IOC MTOR MIRE ALD, 222 Cameron on the. Herberton district, Queensland................... 895 Carne on history, ancient methods of mining, and antiquity of dig- PINES in WCornwallocvics oO yak tie tte ote a ee SEs BM 354, 355 Chaldeans) stint among hehe mn he IA OR, EE RD 1379 CollettVont tin .inkiMalaysPeninstlas 3 HOI. AS. BPO, ES. 681 Collins¥ony Cornishy mines awd) WALMETS wy 5 oy: sar oe crer oo Moree thetic) etree PUILIM 368 CollinsHons LinispPLOGUCHIOMM AM EMS AUG. cra: oar everer s+ cheval ol alt ot stiotel eben eherntere 1385 Conder) on tiny minin= iniMasmaniai ose Jee, Ree 1078 Conran) om tin. mining sinvCorn wall... 2NaGIeeok A Pes IS BO, AS 370a Cornishy NAMES, Onli Obes so ain cae soo PUL ET NAS Bee oleh 43 Cornwall....336, 342, 354, 355, 368, 370a, 412, 413, 427, 439, 450a, 48la, 482, 484, 1382, 1383, 1389, 1395, 1397, 1409, 1419, 1421, 1425, 1426, 1427 Cornwall, Redruth fadistrict 4G PIS, DIE BARN SIO GR, AME BAO 313 Conmpniwalls Gin. MINIM. sae orion dea o-oo AIEEE Sha IU. Ee 310 Crawturd von. the, Indian -Archipelago ai saNs ). Soe A LWA 282 p= -C. EL, oni tin din. Brance «0.3 cases oe ote ele ote ole of an 1386 Davies; onvantiquityofstiny mining... «20a Ee AeA S ke) Serer Se Davy onwtiheantiquity. of.tin, in.Great.BritainGas.. 20. Oo. Se: 1387 DAVOS pawn tetas II SO, MOO Tad 2 342, 413, 1384, 1419, 1425, 1426, 1427 Dufrené on the production and commerce of tin................... 1388 HFS EASSHPMpLIEY CLINE SNe chk oe acento lan cn etc) afoul ct ele) ariorauian at ALBY Gulawe dN oe ou aN ah Kinet oh at ak or at oy ah ae hens nates 305 Edmonds on Pheenician tin trade with Cornwall................... 1389 Beypuians, tins among, the. s4/.. hl Aird MILES, AY ae 1392, 1424 England....415, 1384, 1385, 1387, 1395, 1396, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1407, 1413, 1417 SENSU NW TES AO Tier oc ct alto: ch oh aes pilecoi meric ee. oi oc Sh aBs ea RETIONE, AS EEIE I Gind 5 ht EAA TO. AMES SAE 1320 310 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 History of tin—Continued. Reference Number Meucht wanger OD..,.,:.<.0ceiesesevevele cose le exons iexors sel aldo Sve oLeELna ee Rina oie tate 1321 Mlower, on, the tinplate tirade:,........c.1..0tdetare binds tin sha oHoe aoeneee 1390 UTATIGSY shes Gijs.ais ce ois Siaiel Gia tere se ipie ne) so, A CORee ec exe 498, 1386, 1406, 1416 Freiesleben on the mines of Germany... /)s2i7e80. 6 2419. te Sotheas 547 Furman on discovery of tin in North Carolina.................. 242, 242a Garrison on) tin) inthe pWniteds States-csea: Ping anos oe Ie See 1207 Gatzschman on tin mining at Freiberg, Saxony................00. 1391 George on mining and use of metals by Egyptians................. 1392 Germany. om seve) foram Ree StS SES RAeHe aia de EE 547, 550, 564, 570, 571 Grantzon, Tasmanians tind eposilsiiasnsaceieieeiiaiekee cl oar eeeinie ieee 1086 Greathead on sources and uses of tin among ancients.............. 1393 Grecians,, tin, among, Che .)as,., i. /cusgers eee la Sete ake va Aenea ets 1382 Hallwich on mining at Graupen and Upper Graupen, Bohemia....67, 550 Hamilton on discoverysof, tin:jini-Sumatram. ai ieee .c/). tis. hostess 294 Hanks on discovery. Of tins-..,.,.,..csidss i nls lade ule cle «he ate seo ee 1394 Hawkinsjon ancient tin trade: insCornwall «thin. ast. Ho. Biwaeee 1395 On) tin mines of Mngland paigraice ni. Aeretaki st cheteelte see oer 1395, 1396 Headden on discovery of tin in Black Hills, South Dakota......... 1008 Hill on York tin mines, Seward Peninsula, Alaska..............00. 28a Hunt son./Britishy mining stisten. dos ah clits Lee eG sels res teks ees 415 On: tin, trade. in .Cornwallvand, Devon... .. ciiaseieeeke Shle aeetate ete ale 413 On tin and copper production in Cornwall...............e000- 412 On traditions and history of Cornish tin mining.............. 1397 Indian. Archipelago s,s... c3:ncrle Aaivcle dh Rais Mee Oe atblcbieeat cee mie 282 TT OVA so 0)5) 5; csegaifovosspmsees opal ayavel wus Perel cs AIOE Le tol S ac: Side a BELT Oere es ats See tte tere ens 603 Italy, discovery of tin, and antiquity of bronze in.................. 611 James: on the Ictis; of Diodorus. 5 ieee ck eee eeieee feeeiee 1398 On: Pheenician: \tin® trade se sek oan SS, tence ee eee Ee Bete 1399 Kayser ont tint mining fini Masmianiad . fiers «fo cteie ats me = cletotevclelenohelnevenetees 1100 Kenrickion Phenician! tinttimaden se. Sik. peice ac ae cathe setae ceteiote 1400 Kinahanvon antiquity cofabine ins ireland... clot sets a cleteneereversrcletsioterenete 603 Lakes, on, history, uses, and sources: of \tinitjitiec fe Ueiecleeiae «tte lete 1334a Lewis) on, the; Pnglish: tims mimes cawacke stots 1411 On tin mining inv Bohemia and, Saxony...........4...tte atleeaes «s 565, 566 Rhys-on carly Britaim Celtic, Britain, sc... ac 5 acces «leeietters tiie 1413 Rickard oni. hiptysyearsin Cornwall 27. a. open wai neareae eee atede 450a Rolker, on. tin mining in the Hast, Indies... . oid.) de. ehlsehd. ster ets 305 Saunders’ on sources of Pheenician tin. .....2coles.ceaek ane. teee ce 1414 SAXON YE rarer iets aay TSI era aioel svn a) wis) aw w Siete sao quale oto wintery 565, 566, 567, 1391 Schmidt oni tinting thepPichteleebinee..c.c.cieo\eleoiehecess ce cacche steelers 510i at schultz on) history7of the uselor tims ... jerasbieieissinch. sins. beevehds elaele ate 1359 Schuurman on jtin) ing Banka)... ..ctahoer. sydd tts, tershd eoiverebetele = tabens, «arab honete 1415 Simmonsyonutineinet nese lacks GIS’. . .c5 2 o4 ease oe weenie dee tele 1019a SIMOnIN Tony tin SMe SHINE TICCANY /s..< << a:4:< cla 4 orern erate gente ROS oi oe 1416 Skertchly on the Herberton district, Queensland.................. 934 Smirke on tin trade between Britain and Alexandria in 17th century, 1417 Smith! on source ofvearly, Pheenician ‘tin. . . ai gvi ose. Jee. was «5 le 1418 SOUth) Da kota rij srovele sicessiele o's alee SMOlG a Qeeme 990, 1008, 1019a, 1192 SDM avers cranciei cet orehole ee Sis els solo a aie a av ab ee elie’ wliaiere cll eE Shaun NS Pen a ed OO eneeot ass 1028 SUCVENS (OMG. eis crsctats eleveis slo's 6e eve epdla blac’ bo lelid te materele gle belebeld phe eye) (ahalois 1363 SSUDIVVGTA,. < coi e ozenenetlotciee rolevs ahs coo edelieue: op hte ted Be 1d RE SLS Ta aici ENG ebocsina es teras 294 RASINVEDIU A. cvsuayeusycheteneverers tates e!-ole,,ereveeiss averse 1074, 1078, 1086, 1100, 1122, 1158a Taylor on ~ iktis and on copper, iron,and! tinker .aietioct sts dele 1420 Taylor on mining in Cornwall and Devons <, 5 elise ate) suorelielions le) 6. gan: elie oieiveidn Oyrerspeh TharpheavesRsde «ied ays 1372 wWerner,on the most ancient metal). 5.0. 6 .c siecle 50.0 6s 60 a See ehaye 6! © 1422 312 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 History of tin—Continued. Relerence West .on-Temescal mines, Californial. 441..9-(),.16 Yi ak. am. Neale 222 Wheeler on tin mining fraud in Missouri.................. O.BXTRO 1423 Winer on metals and minerals of ancient Egypt..........0........ 1424 Worth on tin mining in Cornwall.and Devon............ 1425, 1426, 1427 Wray. on, Malayan. tin trades). 73a. ocean) ttl dtl. Ae, BOLE 747 On source of: early .Pheeniciant ting: i). No. 27a 2 es ee 744 See references Nos. 1373-1427. Hitachi, see Japan. ERItEh cock, Cz. His 04.550 30% om oe eae ee oke cI OF. OORT RA: Ente tia ae 649, 650 Ehit cheoek;.: (HO wWard isin acieire cd siecle AAAs ILD, AER ETE. AS. See 749 Hoang-hai, see Korea. Hochstetter,i Merdiman Gein dicte recess mietlem «toc eeskectere i) hele o eke meen Chae 294, 295 Hoff aber. Aa). Be WOR IeL BR UR, PAI BIRO oe Sa ae 584 FVoffimeans) pGywn© ies farts wc ws elena Wa Alar Phele ote a dle cevecouscshadescue VeRO BER cpnevels 228 EUGH MAT Wes Duce oo wll ee Dee ke eee ER oh Sh MARE acum ied wh, Oe 788 Hofman} Heinrichs .Qy i... sensors tteeee ens TS ERS EOD, ECE ET GAS ED. SP 1506 Hohagen, (Georg: ao oie oe didlda ae viviene TARAEIS TED. SUBILIED SEER Te Bee 1506a EVollamid, oD: JH 4 svc sais bi as Be wee ed LOLS HEE, BE Ee TE ta, Pas 192; 591 Honduras, .Montis on, tinsins 52) eee ae SA ace ET, Sia, Late cde tebe 586a Hoogekrall, see Cape Colony. ' EROOZOs Sie: SANE EA caries ilies ayant ovicear et atler abtratle fad Gh 0a an ov aby oh anon ana RR ROL ey IASON Se ae eee 102 FRO RAINS, EVI IS ois oo eee te treoce fares ce URE TM Ne tattle iets eb SPE AEN EES SOP ART 1330 Hopkinson River, see Queensland. Hornblende, see Association of tin with. Horsfield,.: Dhomas's « Wicklow aise « sate-sae ckepeie etic eea en ceric ee 605 Monaglogh; stin.< iniascemeseici tes cick oat eee ee Oe eee 601 Mourne Mountains y tim yin cyei.je)css.<1> «\aasvevsgsiolsiedevelototele veers evar ioe iere 603, 606 Seymour on tin in the Mourne Mountains... 2.2.2 sc sets cst eee oe 606 NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 315 Ireland—Continued. Retoronee Smith on tin in the Croaghan Mountains, Wicklow................ 607 Weaver on tin at Croghan Kinshela, Wicklow................e008: 608 On tinjany DublinMamd }Wicklows ccc er «02 cbs. ceOe tte 609 WACK LOWeabiMeiniy.yayeicincrerncrcee 599, 600, 602, 603, 604, 605, 607, 608, 609, 1327 Croaghan) Mountainspvtinginis So eek 49 S88 Seo 1G RAMS 607 Croghan Kinshelasheareae Cine dMyscyeictckcnssencscucusienouchencvelttehta cher ste 604, 608 Goldmine River, Woodenbridge, tin in..................... 602, 603 Ovoca siaisiets) sioner 1534 IMGtAINIT ey. 5, cetera Sivek vekey Se TeuertetaLsis atoias arose ae att. weave 444, 1204 Oppert on, in Hoang-hai, Korea. 2.0... 2.2 ccs os « aeRO) Sees ele RE 640 Oniginy OLAMAINETAIS Ofssjevrevetetete keno ce love o> S10 ceuwlcuerouenecsyekeyonsionekelahe asks shoe nen pees 1206 Origin of sOTreS. 2.6 kia ven. cs. dBase Be ial 5a. 542, 575, 1183 Parry, on theseutectic, alloy, of tim (Am ds oic 5 aise ew op ohelalleislicts ol iphone 1545a Peetz on separation of tin and lead in tin-lead alloys.............. 1548 Pilzwon#deposits..in’ Cartagena, SDaim 5 .../s, «are evepsiecer okeneuodel/eveses x tiskstiels RIEL 1040 Plattner on alloys of tin and antimony with lead at Freiberg, Saxony. 1552 Pryce on mining and metallurgy of in Great Britain.............. 444 Richter on characteristics and working, and on relations with zinc QING ELI ised oid ecg as epee (S erse oie: We) Bn pawle elas Bare Sl Dee eer eee 1356 Saxony: Altember en Bs epee eis Baals S & oe els sensrie soreness hatwide Teh eoetolonoreroietote emanate 542 Ere bers) cc iois cle diersGieeroi RIM As EIB TOS Ie Ota. Ise 55) 1552 SCHNGEHELE . osc. Sew ial ercere) orleilel wie oie 9 AME RUGIEE Fao RSIS IN obi tene te tL Ab43 Schultz on production and application of solder................... 1359 NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS Deo Lead—Continued. Reference Number SEDATATLO MERE OMIs CLA ceacciorsuck shou slosoiehahen chen chowctaicsch cucscucs scot Malet staves hekats 1534, 1548 SSE TT 24: Ate ne a eR oats ve Mo ha el cto etT os Fae odes ne'xon sus unnevo PRAT aR eterete oxddoele 965 Simmons on occurrence of ores of, in Cornwall................-4- 455 Slatervonalloysyvotszime tin, pandPleadye ete 1 << <1 wie leis 0 occ cles orators 1570 Soldier2 ee ees tows elon wie wile. 4.0 sw Shel etetelle: & lai", se ILA AR Met IRSE 1359 South vAtricay see es GO Ta ees lee thls Wile arsn 's a Mev dtteNe MPa Pele okoPerciiot stole 1183 Spain.) (Cartacena ys wa retertee OPAL ES. A ARID ARY ete REL 1040 Stelzner on origin of ores at Freiberg, Saxony...............-e000- 575 Spilphides ia associated with tin’.im) Bolivia so wvevecvever.sthetetastelcie te oldie eters 155 ASTIN AT he hae okey a cleat otoat er erie alia. olotra is Ue, 0 (obi oireite, 0a AE See toa eeeY o She lePeb ere. ate 1079 PU RUS rae te aie ectstis oe ralieriosle lols tel derlolte 7s o latrei'ellertol's "oilalte rwilelts Icke SURE o Age oie ote rene 1169 Umited* States ek. en ote So iatersctsatentees ote he eae TE SR LEO 6 1206 Ural’ (Central Asia), witht metalhiesting gat. RIEL ae 04) PSs Se 40 Wolf jon vecomposition Of refined, lead sos oh. 2% = cece «00 o sklslapenok vets « ole 231 WiOTrldhstatisticsisinGelS90). Gon. oan sane sas sme « aalhaddobletay «ote odes 1694 Wright on alloys of zine, lead, and tin at low and high temepratures. 1587 Lead carbonate, see Association of tin with. Lead sulphide, see Association of tin with. Leadville, see Colorado. Leane, see Ireland, Kerry, Lough Leane. BET LT Cate eyo Pt na etc Pe Bere eR Tesi Ts Lavra a 'al"e, 4 's\Taile allallie (e drel's\ alte fo talelerie'te ipiaire)s, st shakel's 268 ieecrenier Aa (de Konineh is, 1: and). 2. RTs < aale eieteha shalt. otelisece ote 1474 NEO ITe POA GRE Spit yore tiaiclc cralciclarece’ ava ie tialal ela’elia & oo elle ene ai'm eve) e cilnicr ehenshoheteieechs: © 248 Bee Sec Tene See Weep cet Ne Node a che WatchedehcactcchokeusustsnebeUshshols Lees «Ghoshal pet ehovele Ute) tokee 1518 PEGI DINISe PA GON ta che tara aiala iia ereka a alete wie eet aback p wicsels aitsi'site eral sits sichdereton + 1336 Leier mine, see Saxony. Herest ee Hr epee Obama hs 5 she hee roretete sloveteve 6) «size sions nici eiaicieis Mtalais erelebibe te States oe 422 Memon Chas: and tremenheere,, G. |B. 2 .ssacs ae sacs nce ose sls teens oi 196 MBCO TTA TC wy GUSTAV ta ret tereie sieieloiais so sos es, 6,05) aie 2) 01> so 2) eve) o)s) o//< fonedepatonetols) cketebe eke 1214 Lepidolite, see Association of tin with. WEPSIUS MERIC AL cscs icvae esis ee cle ole cleo 5 se 6+ 0s 16 0:0 cre) 5 eteremePevclel evoke) slate o\ctene 55la SIC VEER Ee ctaretal cv ntove eisiaisie aie oie eiccs) ceo 1s) c BY SRADsiiad auaho oyekeast the uabey el eiceuel Pel crete cite 793 Meatisom WeiG (Gee uses. AN) <5. «9 «0: «dbsbaletil dete o dlertekgiohe/eteralia 1c wha teltn 1614 Levant, see Cornwall. REVI RA Pees ree -cea cat trode weueuscoucveucqelthavel cee ievelotasels cdots elie c= cladnictetel she ",. 1519-1521 eeviyer Dyes anid iwens Dr. 2% cic @ oi oo oie «0 a lointblalele ie t)n\laile lolsieleiclete ole! cis) ese 1521a Lévy, Michel (Fouqueé,. F., and) ........cccce ences nce ncceeccnceccscees 1610 EG WAVES erat eter rotencreteihetel cl chaiercv'euc. clevelers) e/ eels, «+ 010 #\ sisici vie eehs)s/s\ellsvelelsleleo\ elsiels 1522 iuewiss George Cormewally oo. oo. cess oc ccc scnewicla ceo cisilawcieacsccs 1401 PETS CONS CurLATIC Allert. cia/aia' «ae a clelsinciaicl else 10 6)» w 6 cscs) sltehe) hele ele sieta 1402 MEISE IAINIC SES Petey elo tect cl te tote te ctoln wo wlio oa asiwwioiniw were, wise aiieaat’e, olde 1104; 1105, 1106 Lias, tin at contact between tourmaline granite and linestones of Lias APSO IMA MMNIS GAM Ven o) Parapareiale)lanere cielardeldbberqishtsccdte: Ab ioystePens 610, 613, 615, 627, 628 Limonite, see Association of tin with. Limousin, see France. 324 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 Reference Number Ge Dimdiun le. COME!) isk colo ieee sons va pelcose ops ekeea vee reas tebe es AO Te Ce eee 519 Hind sren;, Waldemar ty. ecwiwewcs cake See OCC Oe ee Lee Re eRe ee 586b, 1337 Lingngan-fu, see China, Yunnan. TINTON, VT Sits a ess bie eie este erciace ala» GLO LIES CO: COTRTAL SORE RS er ee 422a Lions Den, see Queensland. Liskeard, see Cornwall. Lithia mica, see Association of tin with. Little Usutu River, see Transvaal. Liversidge; Archibald... ..siisie SISO wh A ee Bo inl, 827, 828, 829, 830 Lizolle, see France, Allier. Llallagua vein, see Bolivia. Llano County, see Texas. Loadut (Lake), see Burmah, Tenasserim district. Lobley, 'S:.. Logan. 3.02.60 05a. 8 00. set Seba, GF ieee cp Arey 423 TOG (CAG. IVALMIORG 2 tarctacatcoce sc Nae dea 197, 424, 699, 700, 701, 1338 Wodin: Hath stesaidl. ASE Ca RRT PST, CRRA HS SD, Se das 520, 521 Loire Inferieure, see France, Lower Loire. GE. Loos; Ds eae oes Mee eee lth ae eS AE ae TEE EI ae Nee EP Teen ree 1339 Los Angeles, see California. Lost River, see Alaska. EGO DEI Baa Neil ena le Gras Fe area ealse sel cs i al.g:7e\ ahaa ueunaniciee guelghatetauel yy dcate es ay tnt at aa aa 627 Lough Leane, see Ireland, Kerry. PGUIS's VEVSM Typist eh eel ae te ence ces reas a eR oon oe 702, 708, 1340, 1523-1527 Hiouwis Eta @P Dili psy eA aT) ser.yesans (olleve voreneweterohoneacaskeserevoretcraterstom iste eit 628, 1350 WCW VANES oi .5 15 as ci os SS il Breen teravelee noo eo hele alee eitare eee no SIE oe Ieee 704 . Lower, T., see No. 489a. Lower Loire, see France. DIMOU y sieves ce ev ehor ck hy vntislichion al oyreher Mev sieliol/arieho aka ciclo c ARTA AES OC ce reer 1528 Lozére, see France. Lozano, "RR. Sanchez. « sie). ecietiecie ses sls tekleeithte I. ROU RIIORe A. See ates 1036 Lualaba, see Rhodesia. Lualaba River, see Kongo, Katanga. Lufira River, see Kongo, Katanga. Lunenberg County, see Nova Scotia. Lusitania, Plinius on.‘ white Jead:’? fromi...:cc.s es vakevano le Te one veNe tatere terete 1408 Luxer, see Bohemia, Graupen. . EMBUTN, STON TS calcd sal sae acetate Oe 6 we oo ole e oer AEN, See Ee 1051 M Mirae incl oie sl viclslel che shedett onetol ioe & oc oe ataimecd odd TR ie re 1012 MacAlister. Mponald A uuncnwice been ose cmenneere 426, 427, 449, 1341, 1659, 1693 MacAillistér}:DseAy) iGHAl1, SeeBgtand)s. ori Lsceeeh aa a Oa ee A, 411 MacAlister) oD.cAn (Ussher) W. A. Hand). fines + aise 6 alee lee ee 481 Maceo, Atel. So css tie cleieleteietchoie crane siete sie eterdhle We Seta Rk ATURE Oates 639 Macdonald, As UR ie giis eco d tee ce seal cre aren he ae eae ee eR 919-923, 924 Machi, see Malay Peninsula. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 320 Reference Number RU TVNE KCN Z:1G5 11 G:CO cu blGciey hakcvapeverarcsontiavonovetsnedevercWeysPeyevowels¥ors reijaronsrotob ete) AGI Acre haben eananetane 1529 Mackintosh River, see Tasmania. CIAL CT a): nt ViAIGOIE RR cher eus Ce ey Siehone LISI eh ioleinivie he elm wishes eeer 428, 604, 925 INIACAC DIN xc) ORTH an swouk. reyes tops todo por er sho reNaveyeboneseweholtcharentowakorevoreyehensvereta Uefa) tates ete 1403, 1404 MUNA Ty ia VERS cee reen Foe rat beste nor Vorrelreitelte Pa\'s fuihe foi (oi Woiforbeife rele iWi te poireiteieh eicrete aot aiatohe lakers) ols 865 Madagascar,. Ambatofansgehana,,, tli 10) s 3 .- swore srey sr aratat ol or oer oyerdieber Aleta outhete: above Ste 648 FAD ODI ATS Alea atl eed Ty. einer pele re re re ito vs fo ne SSeS Heeler ulbotions dolrobertowe votemeRerhindel atweretre 648 Antananarivoss timShromtth Wier ARG. AM ROR MAT Re ee 647 Bouse on the mineral and other resources. Of........0s.ccteesiecee. 646 Dunstan. One tin- FLOMGAMEANANATAVO) 10.4 40 tise (a soranesedele hehehe chordie ofllole balan 647 MGACEO UO LITE Tia nro geie Rope lors Fe feifo Foods Yo oie lbo (arfaifosmtetoibesnononedode (atiohs ae terede Pena 516 Pelatan on tin near Ambatofangehana and in Ambohimanga........ 648 Madison County, see Missouri. Magnesite, Voit on deposits of in South Africa............ 0... eee eee eee 3c Magnetite: Beck on occurrence at Schwartzenberg, Germany................. 530 See Association of tin with. LOT uke reli WAT Gy Duel LOI |AWatapapaeners taiotoNeNats)eir lowers sssoare\ieelte\terverooleie sheet wi thats shat sede 133 Maine: DAYa ODA AMM IME SpA eles a oie tets ate tatody aydhnolAtARbeeh.. nye) Siena sheHel iehale: alleral cba 1208a ELE PROM watLINy cb ictaenee hens ears re foiteiteite FeWfolte lo test laaiteira toltonrawra wiccitat er awoke adel ei'edattehay stater a ta 1331 Hitchcock on tin at Winslow. ... 05 ewe cee wesw sles Mak ie ols ke 650 On«tinate Mt. Mica, andeMt,..Rubellitenuns . i205 Bass. HE be 649 FUER ERO TIM GITIM Ite ete ann HAR iene AS rote is wits im ae nacho beuahedenand bate cts 651, 652 Onstin: ore.at, Winslow; Paris,.and. Hebron... $F 4ad45 15S 030 ee 2 133 FACKSOUMOM AMINA MRE ROR AIM cai his wetter che dike dito. Cheler Ah ameehsroneintmevenen! 3s 653 Ons CIN SALW SIO WH, AERTS AMIS IG ABET. 1 LMRISIS MEd eI he, 654 ES HOM EAT Te 1) ype satrews lta nel a operate fe loites/a Nove\te foils Pojtoniestets folle u folle le lob tiled /ailehe\ atta 1213 NOMINEE Gar CLE Mais as Alnitie 4.5 si o1 sae ie: ole ss 0 et elMbepre tt hate clebauepetane slehone)e) 649 Mount? Rubelites seis Wel Ge POHL) Ie, LIEN The, SUS aah eheiie te ce eae 649 PAIS Ham LIV AL ais A ieicbate cv Mia temeed ne Mhetok yeh let le) Chaba teheb alt etadatedadeleroheiters! o\-e/s Selita ROWS SOM s LIM + LK A crv cin wm nieis NiAisio wo 0.0 s Mate tate ofoiade Mabe tate «Moka ot AESieiert6 Si AVATSLOWA a ULI Cilin icin Oi ays tote es wise KitereiwseddeN eho kbele dre 650, 651, 652, 654, 1331 See also United States. Maine-et-Loire, see France. AM lardeeAe. Gab Dialaina eae sein dere cae o sie siaere odie ord edie elds obelele late 926, 1260-1264 Mafen die: eASHUGSE iis clr ie 6. 4o6 6 015,06 0)0, 05 6:0 810) 6100 0s oe 0 erayelereled olay elle, hohe @here)s « 1342 Malacca, see Malay Peninsula. Malachite, see Association of tin with. Malaken, see China, Yunnan. Malay Archipelago, Garrison ON tin I1N....... see e cece eee eee eees > He 1207 TOUS kOe CEN ims Ho rae aaa teoae oleieard cial dad mat eve wate) oie dive le aiewienerale 1340 Malay Peninsula, tim ini... cre cele oleretel eels sie 676a, 1284, 1290, 1292, 1298 Ayer Dangsang, tin and other minerals at..............se ee eees 726, 726a Ayer Panas, tin in siliceous sinter from............... ESI EN 726b 326 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 Malay Peninsula—Continued. Reference Number Balloursongtiniwinyvpcpmewmmmcre cect 9 Lalu Saye useage @ fe, «AMID 0 gtahetald 677 Becher: on tin, Mining IMs... 2% «+ .01 soe ehtaee betete eke eee . 678 Beek, ODP Cimy Im seca, ateratedenaaewee te aip.cor ollevevey oka pug teieyenpiphelene 21s EMCEE RIE oan 1299 IBEHE RICE OT EINY AM. aayoseysnsctuctecyeueue tosdus ko ee oushel us KO ee ale Lee 1301 On ytineain{Perakes epics ww hs eka Se win ehereloe bie Dineen 679 Brow TsO tims Gi. 25. ovecs, casvcxscssucrssoyexsssiorMeheiaie focal lasmestias pelgatah. 52 1307, 1308 Brusehy,, (tins altcrinssrtus ce wise cleus ou eae wea onic wiaienee el eeu nas iteice A 726 Bundi, adobe furnaces and slags from old tin mines at............ 1468 Tin ic ioried a acs). os CRO CERELOAGEL Gomis. hae. 5 Aad ort pt 659, 726, 726b Changkat.-Pari, stin) at. ..2605. oo 0 « oti VIR BIE SOT? fbb Gehan 726 Clitford.-on) tinv ines icie icc pisie\oie onic sip ules wieiew elie eiaer falls aEeE eae OOO Collett: .ongtimainiedaA.at bes. acadinsnwiniaden de dsew att 2G chee 681 Collins on adobe furnaces and slags from old tin mines at Bundi... 1468 Cornubian, on, lode. mines of Pahangic2 ch 2o.nhisndath. sc. dak fd ee 68la Cramer ony tint ims Mala ce aiined cccseye eros aiexsyevevelone cts lee oahekoreuedensies Poker . 682 Croockewit .on. tin .inrAMalaccassadecctinw am i Seige eit is - nee 683 D? AChiar div Gims gs poi sieicsshevepeiie ies isso loro ct weddote eye EL Sie DON ehe ea OEE Ie 1313 Davies von: Cin. UM d ieceaite ers S legs ie oso se ushers we we nse tb wo cs aes RTO ada dD SIC TOET eels 1317 De Wa Croixionetinwiny Peraksyy.i;1..scs1e1 alone loca ercoieteieyator te 684, 685, 686 Derrick on tin, mines of Kuantan,, Pahang. ..>- ccc oth cite oF 687 Dijk ony tiny Im Ware cc cise ieve tis wuieeiw ia seus tole yo empee once ee CURR OEE Tat eas 690 Doyle hong bin. ini eed ke ees rss: oieip ievel ple sets chk ates. cid com alonnsnti 689 On: tin mining jin Laarntytlacus. tbh. bead Bate, wae aeteoeiee ee 688 DYKES ON tins, 1M ws sic) eehenete neler id. oie Deep pwieiele owe eekee kata GE: 691, 693 Dykes,on, tin.in Perak, .weidwt deck wipe. Wales eh te Sate kt etek 692 (Hume; and)),on ‘tinwin’ (Perak. 3. cc -essccs o> 6 tie fable tale sukeiee 698 Ellis (McKillop and) on tin in Pulo Brani, Singapore............. 1530 Pawns, ontini dn. ¢.ocecutioee eens seo ve Cease eure cleat RE one. none 1320 On Htini Sin, rin Slam Us vererens sic coreesetote posvene ercie te RES CIRCE CLR ee een . 694 Flower-Ellis on geology of, occurrence of tin ore in, valuation of tin in, and mining andsmelting of tim im... 5s... sdf alee e iets 1489 On the Malay, tim, imd@usinys. «sos skews os piss vlele viele o6Ee eter cTMette 694a Kuchsijand de hatinay jonytinwin.......ecebe-- oe beer -ees chlo wee 1323 Gon onmsy iM vat sans elves ehetatarcbolehs| slevele- ere sees c/s olathe dee 742, see also No. 261 Hamilton on tin in Perak, Selangor, and Parcelore................ 294 ELA mm PtoOn) Romy tam, AM waren eave a ada a as « rene ci al'e 4 @ clots iar eg ee Tea ee 697 Onwtink in, Penaks: ch yeerek aeidel s a:cccie ators tare oo Sta Ie eae 696 On tin in Straits Settlements... 2... seisncecatte oe REI cbeteee a3 695 Hughes on tin smelting and furnaces in Singapore................ 1507 Hume. and Dykes on tin in Perak... .......0% piemeerary «atest aehae eters 698 Telebu, Sungei. Riu,, tin, ab... «tah eht- stew soley mepeieente are pic yw pbb Jiohore; | tind My sig Sehr cvoheacsSha weasel ov bras iol eye avers apne eee ads és 308, 710, 742 Muntahia, ttiny deposits: OF 25... ...:01<).,0,0.6,<,,s.c0s,0. «1c. pp he spat tke ee eee 741 Josephats Valley, tin in.....,..35: cleriwshee-sodte doe isit-seneeE Bel To 726 Kledang Range, mineral veinsrin the... . si oes se ce dele wesw ele one 726a NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 327 Malay Peninsula—Continued. Heterence FED AIAN SEIN Meese chaloloveieus. bolas ai oleieislere cs e'are sug. BR wed 8 Spr eh egaete 726, 726b KintardistrictSs tim pina. os aisdersileaigdes wives se srmeatls WA TASS TLE, 21 Kuala, umpur tim ati. Hep e ses scree ete osties. tos ehboneoperact aes 740 Makes hom Sol im) Sey eh ars, occas shaves siole eras oo Sat olegg ble a OPA STARTEP Ra es 694 Laroot, see Larut. Marutsy tin Mat. doi de sles waldo see bi ha ateetebosbl gaye eel ee MPa NO 5 Serehaed 61aus 740 EDO ra tena ai aad ON PSNI Sem cao yon esave-chien er aicvekay a rare apa raedas ares ah cn enarene eres 688, 690, 717 dejbaunay, \(Puchs ‘ania)y onpitiny dnisgs hekey eee chahs oer overs orstoneleromneioih oe fais 1323 EO CKO RELIG aA eran ors a eralere: siaieie Shaker g'o'e e erevdl elo Sisperambal en SaRRRENS oa" 701 Ons Cink Pe Wr SA MU yer snare torsuchots tay onoleronoheyoue conet tees vouey Pie nekeperete ey ote 699, 700 OUTS MOMAtI NG INA. 5 San oso sages oobpreh tame eoemel{os tan cake 702, 1340 Onis tinny Male catty jocte svete s chain asl ee Gioia teens ites SRPS o eme ete alate 703 Lousy Gehillips and) sone tinwine. Spada ot eke Ge tage eieras 704 Machi* tin field nn. Wiese Mee os oe ate ee eel a ob boa Sa Ao daa < 726 Malacca sitin sin: iii ne aie vererencien’ 299, 303, 304, 682, 683, 703, 740, 744 (Chin Chin) and) Tanjong Serai)) 5 tin. in... separ «eee ve gba Pes 6 726 Earl of Mount Edgcumbe on tin produced in 1883............. 1681 SUIS TS ML] OMS asec parcysy eter eda Wedsyoion eh oxalate piilas arebsisies Grey hanempe heh teaeeeteerare 299 Marksvon! tins mining dni ioec.R ime. wok < ocynentde Teds cea bererei sole 704a McKillop and Ellis on tin smelting in Pulo Brani, Singapore........ 1530 Meuniervone tin) ing Selamgoriic vcs. us oss ots dee ee eet Hemet cert 705 Miles,on dredgine in, ‘Tonekah) harbors. jsayo sine cl atieide ee eae 705a Morganton) atime sin’ Perak ee i.e eves a s-a 0,2) 00;'s.'0, #8) op day 00s ok OEE SETA: EEE 706 Mosson.tin “in *Perak."5 2/0: Qa...-3 sraecreiged «bree Soe OORT olen 707 Nesri x Sembilamy tiny ins.a jeter. cel gazes Perakiivcedacsesoesec cs togeeseoses oe, St Lae 304 Rittervon (bin ini ees GORGES, PRR Ne CR TE UE EY eee 718 Rolker /.on: tine vim soe I Se Se Pe EN ee 1357 Rumbold on tin deposits of Kinta Valley.............0.. cc cece weees T21 Saunders: on ‘tin: in: Straits Settlements..00. 000000045 1. oe we 722 Serivenor on origin of tin deposits, with special reference to those of Malay. Peminsulaws ii ee TR atk See EN ae) 726b Ort tind Fh. Ee TI esata cast cays et eA 724, 725, 726 On tin near? Daipines Perak... (0; ...1ctcteiestelctetelee Pee piste oon ae: Selangor;: tin “ints i se.05 PSN See Ss oS PIG 294, 659, 667, 705, 709 Kuchai; stim atiss sit nc a mata tatets tore ete eta ee oe ae 659 Serendah- Valleys tim) imide cnet RO ae 709 Meunier on tin oxide in geyserite (?) im...........ccccecccce 705 Sexton on smelting methods at Singapore................ 1361, 1507, 1530 Singapore, McKillop and Ellis on tin smelting at Pulo Brani....... 1530 Sextononi ‘smelting "methods ae. ca see ee oe ek 1361, 1507, 1530 Slack on a handbook of the mining companies in.................. 727 Slack ontting Unis yetac ctersyvche cores Sic ste vets collevererorelovete aiaielioteledose nieisterers 727 NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 329 Malay Peninsula—Continued. Reference Number Stephenson tintiat) Pahang: 5/2. ye qacthaddaninds Se TRa ae «AU tena 728 Stokes onwtin: insane es. Vas eRe, eh), POO A ewe ee 129 Stokesfont‘tin' in’ British Hmpire..aie et we, Sele eke ee ee 730 Subsidenceliniiof recent, date snes \ voccyciare ot ole: wat oh Sade hier eee eee ET Swettenhamiion'’ tin in Perak... SaeRRU te . AES ee GIST. 731, 732 Ere ON SHIMADA TINS FEIT ALT Fo cv cvenasdec Pavey ohca at chehovouensavtcnoveNerokccereuchenehaGedere coh cpaintiey seat 726 eV IOC ROME SEM mI era hier ai nrernies oo cet atccel atale. ohaitenic deter ah eteta ln AERA T op OU eCER 733 Telom district (Tras, Bentong, Gunong Gapis, Bukit, and Fraser).. 726 Nenison-Woods on , ti) 1s 335.5... .:0.0ers SIAM OLR oI, Bt SO 134,735 Onc nM E BA ayaa cysiessug« bere oslo vep oie oe el ee 736 Onetintimy Perak: wei Naete hs sit sees ars heroes ay si hed sa Ce ER LaDlant TonzhahsHarbors GredeinsefOrsGim AMl..crcste ey a-eielavereievee ee 676, 676a, 705a Tonka, type: of furnace used jimh oo) Risayal. Obs. 18,815, las ssIeae. 1507 PETER CHET ZOMG ETTE LIN oie chorea Fo vce tcnathake belie bole helts ls te eye seisohelio:sa sorte yo DS LE ede sae bne edote 738 SPRTSITD SETAATNUT otal nal Myyyeac pelos aeyehe ponents tose tes iewoobasits fowoveroncvaveseueno 659, 694, 699, 700, 960 Vercoe on tin near Malacca, at Kuala Lumpur, and Larut.......... 740 Onv tin. at. Muntaha,; (JOROLB ive Axess role BERR doe tis Cane SUS RN 741 Miator on, tin at Gongong, Johore! Rivers 02% 5 WF. ee MNOS. 742 Won tin” ine a OR MARR oe, BRT ISM 22a es VUE A PROTLE CLD IM potency opotateh cnet cwevetoteh oy dey evtei ach ox ov off oe ananiov ovovieealigh ottorakengietem nave ieweia 745, 746 On tin’ in’ Malacca?and. ‘Trenasserim: ......xe32.02. Aout, Bake eas 744 Onkstin vin) Perak Ge ciaevetervsre wires cra viele’ + oh AS PETE te eed ny 747 Wildman ony Cimwin JOH Ores. love jie oe erste ne ove ended teres fe et aieks oe heer anes 308 See also Asia, Burmah, East Indies, Siam, Straits Settlements, and Sumatra. Maleewoon, see Burmah, Maliwan. Maliwan, see Burmah. VAT ACH crema Te Ns, cee CHES. ANE LAMAOLO MEA eat cat ed etalon el pela tate el atalielle nonlethal gene. eet etavc ue ah NEUE 1037 SURE EL GT CAME STEIN OS Uh, 2) soho Goole ete ber satstencs ceremonies eke hte te ol erate Speciale Msavolomelt 522,523 IVUEDUTG EMER ara loia/g retehasensyeneheterensveterevetellsts tonevere te aveberetelendtetel ero ReReMe rae eoe koe 593, 594 VRAIS TRA Weete a tnat crak eve oy aheiel wielahas severe) sae oh buena ite cae sa ATAV eR Ova ch neetna eaReeed 605 VPC D eae see NV csce'fot elie pLsev'sl'eyp aie" suptollev el ev avescotw: Bret cdl eile Bllet Ave! ealteitelsl-gitewaliese eterna oietere meee teas DFS SUBSET CO MPD ARS Sh ors Aah IL Cat Sis) Sehnaivah/o) Sica obawah alates eh or atatet ol: el/Qries-aire @vah siie\iahty vito MEM EV Rat Meta eoornte 52 Manche, see France. TST SUM Rey cre a coat sliguats pisvainiaten a) we) si wleyshels etere! eCointey oudteP Moder oudanete BF SIS Mert UO ENE 552 Maneanese; Allen on alloys. of tin’ andcuin1et. cee RR. Ve cistecta ts seleels 1431 Emmons on occurrence in United States and genesis of minerals of.. 1206 Hermor on theyores of, in, India ts). ait. LIP LAN TPE A othe 590a Hennecke on) occurrence’ in) Persia. 7. Aas Hind hake ertile-o deverd eho 864 Manganese oxides, see Association of tin with. Manganite, see Association of tin with. Mangar district, see Billiton. AVE SANA TI URC) MRE sav N spew ane vite score: ofier otceloyoifollats> nhl obialtol crejrahictiel evtev ales eitehel-vpenbva arielelenerakevarebagharmerars 553 Mantebras, see France, Montebras. Manzanormgiesus ORs. ras.) se sens Beetle abate covicidon'ct SS OTs IkGh he VEN GEASS ARRAS. EAN 780 330 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 Reference Number Marble Bar, see Western Australia. Marche, see France, La Marche. Margarite, see Association of tin with. Marienberg, see Saxony. Marinera mine, see Spain, Garihanone: MAT KS) pHs, cS CADONINL, (xcveicve schdacwonedoleusyoeslelenese cheasastetevenarhatel thee tne bate Rahine 704a Martaban, see India. Martin, Joseph!) S:. .)5 ssc! .,s BUR Ve etree stelerye IS REL RRS 2 SESE ES chee 430 Martinamor, see Spain, Salamanca. Masinde, see French Kongo. Mason County, see Texas. Massachusetts: Chesterfield, tin at the tourmaline locality at...................008. 750 Ways OD, CUT 1M, a,c. sete ho. sipoifeseala vee ew a ew ts se a eesla el Hors te se tax gaetele te ae Rtthe eee 1203a GOSHEM As CAA ERO: ic cucite keacus hoses ds ve 10 kei'ss se unig aeneusus Usassanerencktder deter 748, 749, 1214 Hitchcock .onytin fromiGoshen sihsoh..e .SSGRLels, geae. ah ieee 748, 749 Leonhard; on. tin: at: Goshen. ioc. wa AROS bys pelea oe sales Sad RDO care 1214 Teschemacher on tin at, Chesterfield . ces eeek Fes At ee oe yee +750 Massa Marittima, see Italy, Tuscany. IMPASSE ss CA TEES Gira aia i5iay wy coseyjal el ueurener arte ay alin wi a sallestawenor evtel’aveheltensire rete teverekalare eee 1038, 18438 Massinda, see French Kongo. Massinga, see French Kongo. Matam, see Borneo, Matan. Matan, see Borneo. Matther, « Wiiy Wes ieonsss:ase aianerestrors allece lave, o10slexeTe ole. oun uo steve trees seme eran eee tetete tele 1626 Maupas, see France, Morbihan. Maures, see France. Maynard, John IMAZ ATR ins iciteie mikinie Siewiausie'e «bine RemMhn1s.6 Cris se Reise hiereree we ol etate te tate, ost ei 524 Mazane, see Argentina. McAuleys Lead, see New South Wales. MeCaskey.s cH... IDs i... .peckeavegeievetclotiiereioe aersieietete wabvensms.ocorh eyart ua Waa arene 871 McCoy... Alexander.) 4c'.crk jerueuet artnet tear dvevdhere a nga oraelareraneratatn ate SER oe 855 MeCreath, A. S., and Platt: Wranikihin .. < ., «.cesccsjeres cee oferoteravela eancy aoratateror ene 1243 MeéKillop; John; and, Ellish Gyhossehy is... <<) stereo orsete eielarelre a args arecdal ite Re 1530 McKinlay River, see Northern Territory. Mecklenburg County, see South Carolina. Medicine, Boerhaave on medicinal use of tin. .... 0... cece eee ccc 1305 Miedlicott,. H., B.,.and -Blaniord, .W.. T..2:2134 2h See Be eee ae 721595 Menado, see Celebes. Mee), Clie. odie. oisyeis is seis © eis: syoreverobore ousrencle ANG. Ebi EO) EOL OE OBR es One ehe etek 1532 Men 2 ins Uo: sus, oeerentvs oo soncrsyn eealenene eisine (elev eheiGnoea Sisiel ce SEA SIA eet a ron eee renteSs3 Mem mich ey TA. avec senar’a tare eneoveve, Gi egered State ys)sreter'ona) che gah reiane GeUeI Tad toro rene metete tere oer 1534 Menten, ..Jis; Baiticiss cove ccedistave seeks Cicleis (ono 6. RIS OS Bs eee 110, 297 Merawang district, see Banka. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN——HESS 331 Mercury: Reference Number Campaene.aon\ mines of: i)... BLERREA eee cist BORA. ses Ee 1309 Capitaine on action of tin, arsenic, antimony, and sulphur on the chlorides: cOf; t6.ce.5 sds eae RRA Tee te. Leo lent fits Ree 1465 Douglaskonwmetallursy Ob Sys. eee eaten srailes ote: ov ah auarehistnthehel OL RIN 1204 Honiakofiponydepositseine, Siberial.camuismveieieier telied's fe fedesevapeifel » ellsshol vite 775 EnNealls On Gin in) DULAN ZO \. aol ci0 shore ore: 0 elosole! onenelepaperst=iehajol-yep-f j= Tad Oia Utah os MDIUS COMMIT TTI rec otetevclelcy sieve «1s! slchore(atelel sieleiel lohs tava allele (efeletella¥ololoMopto/-oleuekey: 1b251 s00p Score Tie OAV AE Lal CAINE ei Gicia ay hats, 0 ea Al cfate sel Pan cares le hol hata) pia ok ficholatal te etegon price dab- aida ers MENS 1696 NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 335 Reference Number Mee ral OS: wOls tlt) p oy ciate chats acdc tate hated alatete evel eleiieV cveiice\ sys co e'<7.ey sre tele staunforet Shue fens 673, 674 ES ANLO TOME vavet es oe stare sistcks) ciaveta toy otto oc el etfor ou.syied ciara) oitelieves | s\/ay'ay opel er onepmo: +} eteponencboneye pike 1591 Blakevonwthe: OLessOk@tin'. «5 ci crhe csekseieNss= Si oloreys errel ich ciesdiahs exsneucpsyehd ays 1202 (CTHOT ONSET Ubon (C0) 01 Seago hey cid Oh Bg SITOIDIGIGG © OOOO CO DENCIRERCIOIE ckacect on wer Er ar? Ec 1599 DD) A Avg ON ach orsee te ei iapable hyetaysy onesie Spay spep ene Pees eseiqa spore avareh deve kenctores sgetutogei"eweies 1600 DAVEY: MOM ctaey syste cla oc soiels oh oa's swe ta s¥e mo he ole y COR DAR ME Rie ke reverers lepers ke ayere.'s us 1603 WAI RE SOME HA esters toa raseuatol calc cisuels oisQers eh stepauaved tebe he foe te Movoncnoy arohor on Sees « los 1314 NAW WANS OTM cheuetetaeastancyehe eveeet che vevene) eke fal olefellor ey chekeselioversisne/sussoleastciey s. shoots 968 PAINS ONMMOM artoyeusxescieeeicncuseekeie leat sucisacteusgeoreuecael cavers Shove pevepesatehaaeoneiekou ciel 1621 AIT eh ay cpoins laa Rocac son teiwh caucus taal oi dieicousl'og eb = Reyisisks Rogepatefioge: sho, teks kekeieie’ogenel s/atare 632 Jermejev on crystals of tinstone from the Jenisei Region............ 1623 On,crystals.of tinstone’ fromy/TRramsbaikaliay.... .. leiNVinifs 1354 Rosenbusch on microscopic-optical properties of cassiterite........ 1638 Sepa TAIN OTL n Warsi ys tie od eveaiiclts Jo Sitio esis siera pd atetetabelele| « ous. eisrateseks ouele sjemtowe ils 1361 Berean A aoe ho Sh ate tte ed aR NR As ie cadens, we ine oe eS 1623 Simpson on properties and occurrence of cassiterite and stannite.... 1268 SS cnunits baa Over OL Ia Aiea a, lis aay abate edober el ole,cirel eveca ahanertiaretey sg) elel eben) ote) sliey 251, 252 TACO, oogs GMO OOOC OD OCOD OOOO 0 O.C.CDo DODUOD UDOT AAAS, DATOS LL20 elo TASSINSTONMEGASSILCTICC!s, Sor-seree steko theists 1s a 1a ee fale ots Puonbes Pelton phenyl el 1365 BUST eaNN SO Ail Keehld Ais eves je, lolol «| oy cll eke telat BES Holelousienctene erianal Sog''elfeha eave fopepOpRtanaTeT key ahs 1622 336 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 Mineralogy of tin—Continued. Rerntre United? States: sh esas yea Sele aa ee Ue ee ID Ney coe 1215 Viaanderen’ Omit retatetata ce ratoat ats ata ate theta tote ele eta etoe eiee 1647 Walker on identification-ofvstream®= timg actus. sees cee eee einer 1371 Western: “Australia tnr ate aia tatatere tan natant hat datatel oh re Vetere eter aeS 1265 See also crystallization of tin, occurrence of tin, origin of tin, and minerals of tin. See references Nos. 1588-1649. MN SraAlS MOE CLM eT eta! lala ta ee Na tte otata tute raneetetah att ateped Nate teecttetetate 755 Clarke’ Once freeones eae Fo MAS RS aT DR ae Oa ee 1304 D7 ACHAT AT OMe eee htt hal ata EN eM hate eet aoa ate tat tenes 1313 eibius ton differentiavionntO fis .7.'.tt.tiste tele toteleleteleteletal tatetetetcholole oreo 1336 MASSATE® OM Arete ese ratera ola anata tata ta tahoe tatatatta le ataletat tick tater ateb eer ee 1343 SERCO OD sare ee tara a ea aha ater Hee tatenetoteratonel tah halereradaticnenetetate 1361 Ure’s’ Dictionary: One e seta oars sheet Shaka atal lett alcool ch at otal at hat Merete ere et ete 1366 See Association of tin. See the separate minerals of tin—ainalite, andrewsite, canfieldite, cassiterite, conradite, cuprocassiterite, cylindrite, franckeite, hulseite, native tin, nordenskidldine, paigeite, plumbostannite, stannite, stokesite, teallite. See also Slime tin, sparable tin, toad’s-eye tin, and wood-tin. Mingaiye; Johny CM Ee ee atatate elatetctata ca cee Dane era Oe eater 831 Mining of tin: A Sri COLAt OD Stet See Sere were etera ters al ora, cate ol ee ene a Bote oar eteTeate eke iatevel teenatate 1277 ATE ENiLiMae se cts ete te sa VeNe Petes nsane aire ec heucer ate vane tila artes etal oieterteriate fohe tatovemranenet totes 38 SANUS OTT ES A Nes ta 8s eS Sa Matar eS ia f 2ST facts afore eon oe 67 Baldautcon method samme Ormiywaitrcy sce clcnencere: crererererchenenetars enenoheretel eran cherete 33 Balfourton*methods#iny Malay Peninsula. a. scutes se tests ce ctee ere tee 677 Ballon’ Cornish smethodsaank Sesinc se ie ace ate esis aren Jol ooLe Ball on methods in Cornwall compared with those in Queensland... 33la Ball on methods in Stanthorpe district, Queensland................ 889 Baudot* on: methods=invMorbihan: Hrancerry tot esl icictore s sretets steroid eters 498 Bani kahete ict serie ec, aie gael aoe ae La a eer ee 74, 76, 77, 78, 84, 116, 117, 118 Banka, royalty paid to Government by tin mines................ ra Becher on methods and machinery in Malay Peninsula............ 678 Bitcomet. htt aoe erase etal lets een a BEE tae 117) -LV8>* 134 Billiton, methods of working from commercial side................ 126a Boers on power machinery for working tin ground in Banka....... 84 Bohemia bs SiMe aot oaaatatctecrete te are cis Aa salet thet cet atatloh ed need Mareen enelenearets 72 Bolivia S232 Us See aie a ee ence a eee eiaeienees Lbsas bday LEZ Won ee ‘Bolivia, improvements in=minimne methods cee. pieces oie tate cre eretele 148¢ Bolivias Mintachineryy (USederrererae sere ss sister eee eterettel otetereueeiareteraemase tottoreltensteks 148b BrownsOn* Costs! INV BOlivigeresteercdc eels steisieus helekeerarsiol stele heneterteterene tonete 158a BUT a by oh ete ere aie tclatares stele Mara tcPeteroroteial over ctotatetetctatelaietetel menenanenettelisMenattsner an 204 Burmah> MenrewisGistrretere cei sce ie's ose ere soleke eretet ora: ctetete abel oteh ster eiekerst etre 185 Cape * Colony.) 22 Mehitatieeen eee fale ee SE eceee ens See: 234, 234a NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 337 Mining of tin—Continued. Balerenee Carew on mptieds in) Cornwallis. jivsie «dares fick reid. sleland eo ithaca tele 351 Char letonsonprpeh OUSHUS CANA Ae i calahe ese hehe ise loco 06.s0 Joie vote cw holder ol ake 1310 China Sooo. eOR Hees ts Ch: TS Te STII ER se aes. ties aaah 266a Chinesepmethod sins Banikkar5 3, 54,4 a ctcie ciocccevakores «) clevel osatel sok deranee ot SCN 76, 116 Clank jon} Tasmanian method sy ay gil bei cte Bible. cio: 5 A etalaleetsie ee Siete ls 1076 Cleland on methods at Stannary Hills, Queensland................. 897 Colletthjonmmethods#in Malaya:Pertinsula::.. 5.2)... Agee, «2. 681 Collinson) Cornish, mings) ands MIMS. ce iic lew whee balsa ielekel «dicta sheiloas oie 368 One methods pin Yunnan, .Ohinarats: a alewe’ne smteGiscestetretel> otek clo 266a Conran,onytingmining: int Cornwall some oi kil aie als ch arses. Sie). ole & 370a Cornwall....312, 329a, 329b, 331a, 331b, 331c, 351, 368, 370, 403, 413, 422, 433, 450a, 456, 1084, 1425, 1479 Methods, illustrated by photographs sh rcicl. sl. cidisnis icles cles ola fele's ele 320 Working of Jowperaden tin Ores itr rteack: \oxokeqekeuekedoyoneuousionetenstole 155a TRV TTS OTN a et eisai ese ielis dele = anvie so seis Mana Tol oho) Tessas ots fa chadedo hetekedar el oped beter ete s 1320 On methods at Mount Bischoff and at Dolcoath...... brea fat ehae tel = 1084 On methods and costs at Mount Bischoff, Tasmania............ 1083 HIOWEr ON WISTOTY. Ofsreyecuucys wo cxcuhiitelnscls ahaleth ab tlale, takibcnsevadin or be}. tatelel af 1390 Flower-Ellis on Chinese methods in Malay Peninsula.............. 1489 On. methods_in) Malay, Peninsulacgivisatl. dpi. asnratjenis « sieve Aacase teste 694a PRET NRERL S kS aary g te pl pin aa ie ol RNRTA SRR REM NRE 498 Germany,, Altemberg, deposit sans fej. cuss exists le «) oft}elclele elsichone «bheleie tela elalels 528 GLA VaiOUl ssid. Eretete ciottedstel= ele) Ne (Siblatolsho aio «la tetlatd pysllaieds s}alello ckebsbelstols. elo tovei‘e) eels 1325 Creag Brita picieeiieelelsieiicisles cw cin vie elsipvio\sueie cl ioeioisieipielstrieh- «abel dbists 444 Griffiths on methods and costs in Cape Colony..............see08- 234 Gritiths on ¢nininesin: Cape Colon yisi. lock fash a siissit esate fk Sass eis 234a Hallwich on ancient and modern methods in Austria.............. 67 Hampton on Chinese methods in Malay Peninsula................. 695 Henwood onjmethods Msedaan ty. shims 12% Act. Stats etd oie ible» elle clei doleia ete 1327 Henwood on methods in Cornwall and Devon................+.26. 403 EOsicoladmoniein ATEN tN 5 oinsis ep sien sion e ateleceistc ele sieelel seile/sselePouseus fare 38 Hunt on methods in Cornwall and Devon in 1868................. 413 Kayser and Provis on costs at Mount Bischoff, Tasmania........... 1102 NERO nein Sees BREED Us LR HCeR oS BiG ellos Bia RaS SMI: o Dold teFS LALA So ATE i SIS Maat ots tere 642 Ledoux on methods and future of tin mining in North Carolina.... 248 Leifchild on methods in Cornwall...............65 ie VE ts Bob 422 Mawisionicostsiat Anchor, Mines, LASmManial. iors si. )te « ¢icis eielelat> cles bepehels 1105 On removing overburden at Derby, Tasmania................. 1104 Onitin mining, in, Masmanilank .saneex. elec cioe. Wem... 1106 338 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 Mining of tin—Continued. _- Reference Lock on yield, methods used, and profits........... Weer. 02 SE; 1338 LOUIS: OMe wea ee se ie Sisie Kumiere 0% 6, Wi8it, AR Seen a ehe eR Ce Ena Disa 1340 Maclaren on methods at Stannary Hills, Queensland............... 925 MBA CCA . 25: acanavsrerskevereverspotenepelan over ones chonoterederanstaretette hide hehe, ihe, mata nepataea) Saeed Sees 299 Malay Peninsula....665, 676, 676b, 676c, 677, 678, 681, 694a, 695, 704a, 706, 718, 728, 730, 740, 1489 Chinese methods........... 657, 658, 668, 678, 688, 695, 706, 715, 740 Labor , troubles. ink « secre. GS. VES, BOILER ND, Ae 675 Marks on methods in Malay Peninsula..................6. sae 704a Miller on new hydro-electric power plant at Mt. Bischoff, Tasmania. .1107a Mining ‘terms explaimedintes. 020% Slo. EERE cB. tel Geen hb 1352, 1372 MoissenetlLondmethods! ame Cormweallll’s \c/svc) = sre ereclieyersievseleloies separ e euetalerehe 433 Morgan. on methods. in. Malay: Peninsula. £.). 2p) G01805) QUA... 706 Mufford on .methods in, Tasmania 2020.05) SURE, SeOs IO, BEI, «2 1115 Minchin on. Method si inl HBOLV Ia oi vc voice arevier ovatict ov 01 ores of opel et atatonet tare eae 162, 167 Newbold on Malay and Chinese methods in Malacca............... 299 New. Southiiwalessrne meses.) saa AO IE oe 834, 844, 844a North: Carolinasicns «oot eer en 6 4 eRe Mester OR AT SI SPA aa 248 Parkes on methods in Malay Archipelago............ccecc cece ees 713 POT Kisses ialvershavetsivareveNetededenehe beveNoteneelevereus Manse Gaettans Meat Mea tetera enol 688, 715, 738 Pike on Chinese methods:in Perak. .....2%5.0%.+2,00% sn until rennet. 715 Pittman on mines and mining methods in New South Wales,....... 834 Posewitz on methods: in Billiton. 142158. 20)). VIR BPO AI «ce 134 Pryce jon .methods in. Great Britain. nce eclie oo Ventas leit ements 444 Pryce on minerals, mines, mining, and mining terms and idioms.... 1552 Punnett .on «methods «in WBolivia tse ee, o2 Ge, Sle Ss. Eo ee Queensland sc iseiic cw eee ae ais se Os ee aR 331a, 889, 897, 925 Queensland, Stanthorpe, dredging plant at................eee eee 883 Reyer on nature and condition of mining in Banka and Billiton.... 117 Rich tern vOMs.s, so:s.0% ss sie SRI ye o's av Widow SURO RY SIRE sla CAAA ene em ren ne 1356 Rickard on improvements in methods in Cornwall................. 450a Rolker on costs, labor, and tools in Siak district, Sumatra.......... 305 Sexton .OMs.c.6 ERISA, Ga, FAVOR. OI IS EING Oe Neos ee 1361 Siam, dredging operations in Tongkah Harbor.................... 676 Simmons on tin mining in the Black Hills, South Dakota.......... 1019 Skewes. on, in -Corn walle pao ne. Ie ay tceto cteleda tcl eh tle, oletele etarer ste ndiett 456 Smyth: :ODse cise isco hs cee eee wl ose ew a We TE, ER iets 1362 South: Dakota... 00265 Ga SRG, BUG IE IO PIS. BAO ENE, A ais 1019 Sowden on works at Mount Bischoff, Tasmania.................006 1131 Stephens on tin mining at Pahang, Malay Peninsula............... 728 Stokes'on methods’ini Malay! Peninsula iis. O02. 2OGN ION eee: 730 Stokes on new electric plant at Mount Bischoff, Tasmania.......... 11383 SUMMA AL ioe so ois sie esos ais lo PONE RURERES una ALESIS 5 TUR Reds ch to chee hes See ota Reus 305 Tasmania. ...1076, 1083, 1084, 1102, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107a, 1115, 1131, 1133 Methods of working, expenses, and profits........... 1064, 1069, 1070 NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN-——HESS 339 Mining of tin—Continued. Heterenee Thibault on dredging methods and results in New South Wales..... 844 Treacher on labor, wages, contracts, and mining methods in Perak, 738 Tremenheere on methods in Mergui district, Burmah............. 204 Trenchard on sluicing plants at Tingha, New South Wales......... 844a Van der Wyck on methods in Banka and Billiton.................. 118 Vercoe on Chinese methods in Malay Peninsula................... 740 Vogelsang on methods in Schlaggenwald, Bohemia................ 72 Weeks on methods, machinery, and technical terms............... 1372 Worth on tools and methods in Devon and Cornwall (historical)... 1425 See references Nos. 1650-1658. Mining laws: Bartlett one Srivishwemiimines Lawsirs cic clever ove seers otere cre eters erence cere ie cia 334 Boase and Courtney on British mining laws......... id sie ce i ms 342 Careweon court practicessin’ Cormwallivy.. ass. secs semen tee te Bip k HUTA ePYUIIT AMG eter rerio rsieleie ce ese) cre) ovals bale iets ene reretererale@renere: clecarecererers 266a Legislation regarding tin in Malay Peninsula................... 681, 706 Mi NS eCeLMS) OR AIM SMe seraieeceae.cis sce ol nice are ccotetelate stanete stators als fate eieteuale 444 GLOSSARY a OL nr Gries toreterctat ror she sis, Giele 1s)0 oo o\giaite ope, eb reverar Sree nbra Se Temiohareserans 483 EATy CO vt OM parcns Aci atone scree creter Stns. a's eatela: Sei e aiis''s: © ieneie- seit ers) iavaiahena Bleue sea els 1352 VVIGCKSH tM» sent ay eteiereretrcter eve: cicbeie crais' sis'e: aie eiccaie ahenesenahege thdisiaue ovessveyete mais 1372 Mino, see Japan. Si come Ga OM UNG Mn teen cfs cits e ore jcue es," = Speech sysieleteveysl eekeveleaeleierachalveucus 1324 Mispickel® Wihiteheadtonsassays. of, ErOm: Vireinia..cjons.ccocscisters ounce sien , «4,00 hs Sahoo 555, 556, 557, 558, 559 MVR Tes er ee Aty trae: ey ctcl ches cata cnelislisnigu slis\iote ei'ai wrni'e) o's TENGNA Gi desl oo hol eTe opens fo sash cesyoye 1539 IMUtar Glenys OTT a eraretertevarnicha svete vs cleree ahal aie! s\ aiverisie etic! o's OBawalfeltekogenetees heli ppatey evaketalyor csioys 927 VETUTAT OC EL ETNIEY: Mss ce versie ene elise igh Sich eile 's'leisetia: (opis: © 9 TSISGiel-o! OFSIE (al OLON SHON SPRUE. «: otevelisttortel 63 Muntaha, see Malay Peninsula, Johore. Muntok district, see Banka. VATE Ty AEC Sia eA Nae felekcte is laleiteveleraite\ ie) « Day--on'- tim im: 65% sss .652522547552245 e2lke ood eee 1203a TACKSONS EIN ev trseatens ote tencte tartetele tate tate Motels Tohete tame "ote Netate tore LR Reee chee 491, 792) 1204 FR Sr oO ERM « CIE iors RHA ek a tara Ne te Fo Toe ito te "a vo Toe "a tote fete tedasotetotenee Nee Meee Oe 1213 Leonhard: on- tin rat Jackson. ...2.242201.5%+554%6555456 ME aed eee ae 1214 See also United States. New Jersey;,:Andover,: tin Mears sicassiascsaseosetnadtnnciane. Sones. ee 793 lesley: on. tin near vAndover: <... of308 aR JB. SR, 28. Rae 793 Schnabel ontin’ inj izine Proms... «es. . eREOBH St, TIS ee 794 See also United States. ; Newland, D: H.....30,, 31, 54, 70) L700 4363) 4375' 708)! 182) ‘83254833! 1928; 10538, 1266, 1346, 1347 Newman’ 22 Sirs Gee 2A OP RIE AS, OOTY AMP See e eRe (AAA ACRE leg, INie wind ca ri Gesreisliee ee se cuaieeysic co cia ec sioienrmnaicl citeay el a chee apa rA aia a eeere Sa ene pennNet Rarer 929 Newquay, see Cornwall. New Ross, see Nova Scotia, Lunenberg County. Newsom Johnie. (CBranner adi iCs,) iG) cc). ose ci ererle convererorseneteiee eis eerie 1306 Newssouth wales? tit inltncn it tee rete rts 41, 43, 45, 46, 1290, 1292, 1298¢ A——————_, R.. D., on tin mining in Vegetable Creek district....... 796 Aberforl Rivers tin? Ones scr touresters ieisrere twielavs ele slot oeed Geena ere ener 820 AMAT S HOW CLA TI Siri cc ase a ciere echo eiesereie.e ote oe sce lefenetocea acetone een eRe aete u95 Andrews on tin in’ the New, England plateaul.nicsjcr a «eke chemueusie cere 797 Badjericam mimes! tim. “imlsi: ircccaysisyots sicieiso (o cco lohan oreaslone eee Serer e eae 825 Ball NODS. ha “atch coisa a's o wera parobehantte st epost ouien eile ceeltossClOnetn Cree) eae Cee meee 797 Barrier. Bischott” mine. tin ities. +o. pac ree «hae eee 825 BarrienRanges Tela) tim is wax sere o wrsnoclccseialereia atatsrmecldlicnspelene ror Ropes 825 Beers ON Cl, LI. ie oer wissel ok Wie ee eek UNE eee 7. cage epee 806 Bendemeer, Gwt mine, tims ink jeiiaede cnc crsciole salle Lee 817 Benedict. on: tin) deposits! (Of... ..: - ierecuue heaton nee bial eeciee 47, 13801 Benedict on Oetery mine in Hmmaville district. :..5..... 20006 cles 807 Bourke County. tin. ines. sc)ac., setrepspetd wreaths te catipbern ealeiekenao ieee 841 Brogger (Kijerulf and) on tin im... 2.05... nee becie eer OR eee ae 826 Broken Head, beach mining at... 0...40:......0. «dHintedene steer 805 « NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 343 New South Wales—Continued. Betoneabe Broken, Hull Soe). tin cinisays.ac hs cheer eee ate ee GAS och SOR, SAPO 825 Brown, Ong tiny, ini. xx s daa cette ree adds Dio Tt OD 1307, 1308 BULra-BUEtas GIStnict sins siMicyversiamokioerancct haath. aie clas. A 847a Catonlas nine, 8 tin Amer 45.0 Siecci nates eta te Ad. SOLID, DR OISO MS WS! 825 Card oneminerals ofseconomic.vallewin’s «occ .5 52045. te tee ae ae 808 Carne on beach sand of the Esk River and Jerusalem Creek, Rich- MONG MCOUMEYS asnsceia Sale eccd aa ad ave alfeyeh ae athe ote ee ee 809 ClarenceyGistrict) tink 14 sjsie enlaawne cares aise ote oe ears eee 822, 823 ClarkecONMGiME IM ae.5 cinclcerro seis So ovis alate mnie bath hes OLE 810, 811, 812, 813 Glark, on.ting mines ine the, Devon lan .0 fc ..s.s-0sr0r ceed snev ar snopeuctsbohsho natn hai meate ae 815, 1677, 1679 Conderonethe) Conrad; tin, minesitee. Haak) Ais eae sk aed. BAP. 5. 816 Cotton, on: the. tin .depositsvof.New England s+... 0h. Jaa, sae 81l6a Cox on tin near Bendemeer, in Inverell district, and at Silverton.... 817 David on the Vegetable Creek field, New England district.......... 818 WD AVIESY OTIGEMMS IMs crs oerotarere cbevwisiepe. o's. win aia eM eae ALON od O SETA SLENIIS.. o 1317 Dg OTIS EAM AT soyeire pc tascre Never oh arco sche the Sta EOe. ANS AT Ah: SOT G E 1318 Deepwater, stllerakerrcndeciene adio.as ORC TIO. Sead oo Dales Metab Gree hsarere oi DeparEMentsols MINES y ONE a wis 5.2 do ooo or.o a10i.0,89 pe.c ethorshee-cude rete ae 819 DD TUIYA SOS bIM sy DUCA TG Sion ops on waveriei scahateh ate: ce il, ER ARLE ONL, cnc ob mutt ITO EE $11 BimimanviMendishyictraostaccdac cars aniends oa. hea oval da on eee 797,800, 807 Hmmaville;districh, Hmeraldwmines:tinwin'sss aakdaandas Had sitet ontee TOT Hnglshvonatinvine the smnverell, district. .scso50h000e. Dae 50 UL OWL hei GLlie Weitere atlers a aor de italy alo eS yO, ES IO. ee HIONG 825 Evans on Little River to McAuley’s Lead, beach mining from...... 804 HARV S WOM Dimi MIPS oc) voter: or wianiot at aici cr on et SAME e, ede Sascha, LA ALE, AEs SOLER 1320 MOON VON. TIM IN a. 4 ot aeerded eth ease ot Uh a Nate, oe he UE, AEE EE UY EC a 1322 Genth on tin from Aberfoil and Sam Rivers........0...0...cccee. 820 Giants, Den, . tin Hater Ae. ay. DEA... SNe SAO) AD BAOS OS... 797 Gower on the Vegetable Creek field................... 821, 822, 823, 824 Howell Conrad mines; .conradite; frome jac co ccsracth ss dave ciath ohemehete 1644 Conrad ~mMines;. CIN Sins < cece cae celateo ts as MAO. GU hea ae sen 816 HuelsByjerkerno.mine tin ims...) 8. ete Base, SA oedld eh 825 MEST HIGISEGICE eteLIM aU seers fore <)-o:70)t0ir0 valte verre Ye ie 50, 797, 803, 817, 844, 847¢ MAsmiore -Mmine; stink TMi. 5. coro101. 4c 8A. SESS SEE ETE HEBEL Ite 830, 849 Jaquet on tin in Euriowie and Waukeroo................ccceeeees 825 Micrultsand. Brozgen on tin in kisi) RO, ee, Ao BOOT, 826 LGHVELSTAZS (Ole URINE a. (a. Cet lic Neher arapercets dike swale ota be. Dotmeton, oct 827, 828, 829 mersidfewonmmismore mine, Inverelllicjc «ccc. o:0 o:s 2) ccsevereiciels cree esniey< 830 MOCO CIN Diss xo ode Haare ee 2d ede oe ere oon einai ed 3 obs AL cae pate 1338 Louis, on. tim ime . 220 saeice cides tle cle ee ee ee tees bsedeaceeees 1340 Boticn@ehilips and) nom tinvinse ota siecs oo aac ers oe sll Mi thochee, SLOtnitiokts 1350 Manee. on, tin mining, in) LIOR RaaAa Hse. ISL ed BG ee SS . 52 McAuleys Lead to Evans or Little River, beach mining ee ee SES oe 804 Mingaye on, tin, in the Richmond, Rivercdistrictey. 2) h4 a. ee... 831 344 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 New South Wales—Continued. Belernee Molong; district, Gumbel lodes,. tin jim. . ds fre. ctbittcds Chae ogee 847g Mount (Muriowile; stimieinnys tress, + sevelodaerasnisles: eis a ae ee 825?, 848 Mount, Pilot; tin, at TOOtiOf i cei. hired okie ae Lie. Ree ee 41, 799 New, Hneland district tiny in 1.5/4 meee 797, 816a, 818, 822, 840, 842, 845 Newlandon, tin im... $4.c «0 2 owes eke dO. aU 832, 833, 1346 Newton on, metalliferous (minerals) of i. iif). tie. cleie. tlesarcl. dee debts 55 Paradise, Creelk, timmy acc iaiale acceler caren eicno noe ee 811 Pheasant Creek, tim) at acy ec ip estan ie ove a eon oa ee GEOR NOT Phillipsga nd Wlowissonutin My, s.r 04 cise ciclelethelae one Rene ee a ee 1350 Pittman: on Cimj imo sccis.). scheyoouclades feel HONG Ld ob SEE EE eee 834, 835 IP TA MET POMS ELM e1N ee ate yen hss ovey) is) ay apa ou suc ec suoucrocvouey FEELS AU 837 On tin, in, Vegetable ‘Creek field sacaiae ell. sack ak HO ae daio 836 Reid, on. tin in... ..<,< ice Saubiacen waa. te eiiaannh. as Be se Onn 838 Reyenron iting ins Gece. kay caten Sheen: k tehe ceaneros Dapeaie. 1S E ea re eRe 1354 Richmond County, Jerusalem Creek, beach sand of..............-- 809 Esko River, peach sand Of5.)... 0. a0s acide e sence ee ee Pate 809 Richmond River, beach mining at mouth of.......<..« lds dele Se. 804, 831 Sam River: “Cin. Om ccc oy papstale wey cravare) 4s aural ayare ale orerol ae eT a ee 820 Silverton, tim’; ate ops oa. ssepasshe, sce one, 51 sleces o) Slade GUTS RN ORAL EEE at BE baie oe 817 Silverton /district, Poolamacca, tin. mear....,.....,00.. stele able ard vaee 847h SilentaGrove, tim at otras + veces sete ee ete ante Aenea 860 SCOKES! 7 OM stiml! sins res eeretete choos chevalier tel etetetr tee eee SIU 1S. UE a RE 730 Tildevareas tlm Divs. mesrite ow als: Stee Staelcetar siae Seateegraiae Cl ata SATE Ae er ee 858 Uwetsdistrict; “bin raterete sce cic acie meret terete iets sie arctehata wee Ks 4869 See also Africa. Nigger Hill district, see South Dakota. Nine Mile Creek, see Victoria, Mitta River Valley. Niobium, de Launay.on.occurrence in Hrance........... HP eee Ae RI 518 See Association of tin with. Niriella, see Ceylon. NOgeerathy eI Tae RN ee TS BURR HOE EE Oe Ere aes NER 1628 Noragala, see Ceylon. Nordenskiéld,7Acih. tose. YahiN: wottooth doer. axeslaed, 16. niae 948, 1628a Nordenskidldine, Brogger on a rare borate of calcium and tin.......... 1596 Dan, OD 6 soo aco hg nee eta 8 vac eee mag ate cella choles Spot ah: Mal aetemRe nent 1600 INGOT CI =! OVE. Cts sex scey or ovcver eat A ceemaney cher eo ow cuat ev at or ae Reon RRR RENE SARTRE SIR iota . 1542 North America, see Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Mexico, Newfoundland, Santo Domingo, United States, etc. North Carolinas stin ine aecetie cs cele tee Ooo eho cree 1196, 1281, 1298 Benedict Om tim: sy va ten hstet ovat avoncccheretatiohon tian hatier anol atoton ater tecats 240, 1200, 1301 Dabney-on: Kings Mountain tin. depositsjss.secrccnece sacs. ame 241 Daye" OW ELT Uma ves va eetsanecesedone cadavers tare ta vais Coote Save bore Neko tatotoveNetenetotetetoroncbonora tena nee 1203a Exminiens’ one'tinwinliiih: Rohe ee ati J: ly BORO ay ee "1205 FUE TIVANS OM ELM. TIS se eceracatenecere. cis S.5.a.8-0 cis: odie elk deere e ee eee SiG ATOR 242, 242a Garrison. on: Cini ime dxaincwee ss wes 65405 600 eRe ee Bel el meeele Celene corer 248, 1207 Genth on tin at Kings Mountain and on other minerals in.......... 244 Graton. ON: LIN. DWie. <4 5s eee ober so Oe aw LE Ow COE cern BPetSU Eee Grete Date 245, 246 Guenther ion. tim ils said ratio ence oo eervc odo pratatane cteibha aera iel eaeteteee ate ate 1326 Headden on tin’ in Mecklenburg County 20. 2)5 Ieee oe 1208 FLOSS. OT: GUM VEN s o.0 oo aha ot ot He oleh ol tt ot tl ed Aad td Natale o chet dla ate chee eee 247 Kalb on cassiterite in Haywood and Henderson counties........... 1334 FLOM Ps ON: CUD VED 5 oi or 5 cic: Mev otee click otiet 'o)-0:01 a of Sion oh deci Gdced ¢ etahe ere eae eT Aa RS ia opt 1213 Kings Mountain tin deposit........ 240, 241, 242a, 244, 247, 248, 254, 254a Ledoux .on tin at Kings Mountain’. ....cacc co saa nc etd ti «tae oeierentens 248 Mecklenburg County, analysis of cassiterite supposed to be from.... 1208 PHATMDS: VON 6 TIM. TNL... scc-.ccssrsronepen telat Vee edie hes etatete. Ghee ilctar cietehe oe utaaalctenaere 250 Pratt sons tim siMivacrceen SUT COMET 3.6 DBRS ATE OS cia nee tele otk 251 Prattand’.Sterrett, Om, Gim cinic yo cis 0 HHS a eS 6 Slee hake iced Side Alte nenente, 252 Rolker. On -Cin, -Wmeeyys) Pave LS. Se BONG OSL MAS Peels rte eee craic 1357 Struthers and. PrattYonttin’ ameac) ae 5. 2K Aas. Ae thes sete 1364 % NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—-HESS 347 ge A - Reference North Carolina—Continued. Ninahee Wike .on ‘tin iat. Kings MountatmRoeue p..cileonohk ols ak ae anasse! 254 Van Nession tin), ablRines MOU tae ss LS CII, ANE, Taek fete 254a See also Carolinas and United States. North Dundas, see Tasmania. Northeastern district, see Victoria. Northern Hills, see South Dakota, Black Hills. BNI O11 Se MOT TL GOT ister CUI spa iT aretha} cove 'ey orca) aMouatahellctehes sheverie\'st’oaieter hotels 45, 1292, 1298c¢c TAILS s ORs GIT ral Ih vasevagciec goyave ewe oe 4e\ssiba teresa’ telsens:teVeyraneltoovreite delfelsaite tagslicvaeue vo) ameret stots 1320 PlayLOrdOnestint sate WALT As etstere ake, Satie core ovore eveyera oforvoreo oh ofeveroraio get etade 86la BOGE «DAT WAN, CIs Abciespeyers,« iewievers we wee aie yoelccleiderehe ete eieva, deteds: Selah etatohs 861 Tate on tin near Mt. Wells and on a tributary of McKinlay River... 862 Waray Vibiiniy ebinerspe ware lersueis ister skeusys: Sis) avevete, 5. Sieueravevatevroreteuelar okays rckeutheten ojtenemer te 861a WVOOGMOM Gini Un cocpersyatere fevers c ocese oleh -0)e) 0/'et eee eer ocere ilove: erlatts: SURvaetmionere ecetemtbenetots 863 See also Australia. Norton Bay, see Alaska. Norway, Brégger on the minerals of the syenite pegmatite............. 1596 BLOSLeW HOM Gin MMA Ole ese bie eiis, 555 6 8s 6 SUES old de SUAME SIND S7Ueds S1aD, PARR ON Ate 1596 See also Europe. Nova Scotia, Fairibault on tin in Lunenberg County................... 227 Lunenbere-. County,tin at. News Ross... 52. tei. 3). ng tid wlereiale« 224, 227, 232 Lunenberg County, tin at Tangier, Shelbourne, Rawdon, Country WAL bOUT, GAl de ING Wir ROB! e/sa.s.ss.vies GAEL. se RI PRASRE a. 227 Young on geology of country near New ROSS..........-.eeeeeeeece 23 See also Canada. ENON Choi ONS Hari ble BVO Ee 6) cio 8\ cirave toiot so ois sosresce fos 10:08 “oleneileiielle, wfeveste: oilsiisi ai asi ioeehoe real INOVES we eLOr Der ts Lysaeperd siete. cette cla wiblelgha etic whe deed tolioteenAohs| She eratelauoedenetade 709 Nurgo, see India, Chota Nagpur. Nurunga, see Narungo. Nylstroom, see Transvaal. 0 OUCH MMECODEI LR piie cont traits retake abe erheletehots rs reiresra:ra'va.re reine ta towaiteie te VeloNeutewerenewcheasuavshedtansee ees 596 DCC UEC CO. Oss sill is Wal svousere J dyei Fi slets a vaus ols. 4.4 2 4 aua,o0e) edad oh aila 1280, 1288, 1293, 1294 DAMASK APA e iterate ehe: Mera ec ohana eeetaleretel ated ets: alot abated ate 8, 12¢, 17, 21, 29a; 29b, 31 Andrews on the tin deposits of New England, New South Wales.... 797 Argall on wood tin in “Breage, Cornwall..........cecccccceeeeceees 330 PANGS OMGIN Beh a avelarae et aiayeyiailay sy ah 4)s/8 (6 4140s 4d -v 6 oe a) 8a eile. .d ee! d/siee)cretemv eevee Boers 36 AT CME) DAN OLASTA 1m) A MILTTTES 5) 5) 50/2) 5 eateitellevevelajar'e.c/« vi eho ashe aimnerel cents 36 Baltourson tinwiny Malay, Peninsular tok titstsvs choeletelcteler one aveyahetnata coats 677 FESS ACL pe cteiterresseste ea Sone de re ores 8) BUl'w <0 80 ue voy fe: o/se-ondleayseipel ny eleyaleepevererleicie eplodeLaxatnes 118, 136 EATS TEM OD Wet tn Aion cr oh otal Oo ai olfelict chev on'ct ot oi iets a evi Shevelateys alas: eb eiehe Bry BETES iat cite 1591 ECG aOM ara or hid ay sichia Sy Aictlevelia oxi de ot wana era lay of a hit aise) otiew onal at al-ahal(o) wah eld, Hey sneya tere 1299 Beck on the mineral deposits of Schwartzenberg................... 530 Benedict on tin and bismuth in closely associated but distinct veins AGO TORO] GUGs HE OLLI ste vie ayer ates ler ences 4,0 ova ai, or ones oun a Sich athte » RUM mee 152 12 348 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VoL. 58 Occurrence of tin—Continued. Referenor Bergeat on the, tin deposits of Tuscamyptiusiec ht cmaebel. dae atte» stow cee 613 Berger on matrices accompanying mineral deposits of Cornwall and DOV OD. oes silence axeroue sie sorayoye auch et tee abated O ole TAIT ACO ELS. ere 339 Be@rzGlius:: ON. c¢..s:55s:s,es,erereiessceus © ieushegeversiereve.e oA LER Ne Lae 1303 BUG Mai ctah ave se: shoks.cusuaeteiene Disko kere aie ersgae Ane In eee 118, 134, 136 Blake on tin ore in the Black Hills, South Dakota................. 994 BOSE A AVC ION sss). dis, axes ores suerteres bens) ecere op ieparawrssss«, artic odTa he AURORE Tas 1305 Bohemia, cue. su wows wb GIRS eirE EIS 66 Gb,oe GEE ee 542, 5738a BOlMVia so 755 Sees Sasa reer 141a, 143, 144, 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 172 Branner . and: Newsom) (0M; .sc¢25 26.03.0 20 « o/s oe + cibhe~ ak SEL ish Sine 1306 Brooks on occurrence of cassiterite in Alaska.......5....0.ccsec000 AN, BROW TOM) asia ioc bad ace vchalenevar Hara suaten ches aloaeie wale varecark halve le veeye Roe Ee eae 1307 FRU TIN AMA oe sasiscaser o leas wot onal oveite tattoo omeuci eustioie isise oh she c9'ce\ airoielouee te cuatl eyatn ae Sean 196, 202 Busz on: cassiterite in hornfels in) Devon.......... dios tele hetero 350, Buttgenbach on cassiterite-bearing lodes in Katanga............... 275 Californias. c..cxtsteitV Ae Alay Sod es BO Baal te 214, 215, 222, 228 Campagne..on: the mines of tink 2.5.6. .s ce + ethane dee dela. sik aes 1309 Canada; Ottawa — Valleyactoy kc docks nie dete serde ooo ee OOG en DeLee 230 Cape (Colon yin ccvaidieo.3 SaHeROOd SOAR hosts bh a dae se et eats 3b, 234 Cardton occurrence, of ,tin) OTe. ceekit ne okie felt ateteel ete) is te ee ee 808 Carne on chlorite schist pebbles cemented by crystallized tin in Relistian mine, Cornwall... ~ sa. <> 20 aeieiis ce AED cle biale wade t ene 3852 Carolinas, pegmatite dikes with cassiterite as original constituent.. 239 Carpenter on tin in the Black Hills, South Dakota.............. 998, 999 CUMS ye va gshescopssa yes spares at eusvory ake Paracel ee olay ois oie ave s/s Ay elale AOI he aoe 266a, 269a Collier on tin in granite dike intersecting limestone in Alaska..... 2iscod Collins on tin: in west of Eneland!....... . sis. aseeek ceeiie heer ae 367 On) tin ine Yunmamns Chima anc. s0 5. +. moran OSES ele eee eee 266a Comstock: on. tin™ in "TEXAS 6c 6 aisles aie oe ierelw on ogd Rebel L Reed ole) oheTeRe

dsuok yee Soe. alee 1206 yy eee 2 isis iecctetelicie is etetole else pine pictcle ele eloetelovere piaiele emote aeeaeten 367, 452 PAWS! OD). a Sisvevd Siecevelele.ole soele ge svoresovenetere «Opbetelchars GEE se Ws fete etree eat 1320 Mina Gy), 2:55. Leathe © 5) ae ape eet lag ahataca ta tara tatokotekataraielake rarer aietoreretiens 953a Foster on tin deposits: of Cormwalll 3.5 .s<.cicieieyeveveseucssseseieiexeucieccusueta renee 385 Hrochotison: tin /deposits of, Bolivia jis actos slo a) vlateters site eter eee 158 Gautier on tin deposits near Chorolque, Bolivia................... 160 GEELIMAMY: OF Fike See eeteees wits. s ehace area State eie Get skehevetehe team kemenene 530, 539, 542, 575 Graton on tin deposits of the Carolina tin belt.................. 245, 246 Hall ‘onttin’ deposits of Pretoria. «00.0.0 ie tose euekehe eee eee 1181, 1182 Hawkins on origin of alluvial strata in Cornwall................. 399 Headden on tin in the Black Hills, South Dakota................. 1008 No. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN——HESS 353 Origin of tin—Continued. Reference Number Henwood oncderivation; of Strédm: tink... 3.5.6... ce ac eee 1327 On! the-stream: tin deposits .of iCormwall. ....... 22.6 s 00006 aire 402, 404 Elessi on ehel@arolina, tin Td epesitsyciicievciwists's oiave ew «alsin ate las ERE 247 On ttinvine South) Dakotadsh. di Aik. eae 04h ak sec beter 1009 EM on stinwdepositsnon Cornwall coc. ccss ss ocwcc odes as user 410 Hopkins.on-alluvial-tin deposits: iinet. ks .2aghis. ali .20. sasulaniows) 1330 Hunt on Mt» Bischoff ‘tint deposits wioset) . qaoe. Js. Hee. ci} eee 1097 MAG eaL Vag: wieder WW vsweh ck cel Vapor Cote re weY aU chcr oh cy avisy ov Sua evevendecus yo) ovaloley cralerev ROR ake RS 613, 627 Jackson on the tin bearing veins of Jackson, New Hampshire, 791, 792 Johnsonons tin’ deposits. in South -ALviCA ..6/.).,0.)6;0:<.610,0.e/syosoresos0 oe ate 1183 Krusch ont tinsdeposits: of: Western Australias .cs.c..c.o..0.ecs.ccosousteke obeete 1258 acroixton. cassiterite at. Hin-boun,, aos Sinnaeen.icl. see oo cn elie 644 AOS yes sa skiredst anavovensdensVetoperaveresscci BANonhy oj SIRS dake aa vere cies Baa de 644 Lindgren on metasomatic processes in fissure veins................ 1337 Motion. thectiny, deposits, OL | TUSCANY, «, «07: orc, oonenss oC biota ide « oFsteadeten ve 627 MacAdister on tin and/tourniatine 3. sca. it jo. wodicinmad tobe. oak 1341 On tin lodes of Cornwall ...... CIOL ct ett ee eet ag 427 Majendie .on® wood) ‘tine. skcee.ces ss os esheets tn cebelices A see 1342 Malaya Reninsulasa sera craton. Sitvela ouls Ucke nels SEIS Ds 714, 721, 725, 726b Merensky on: tin deposits! Of Transvaal... ....0 << onc okie kicks aki 6 1184a IN Wary EVANS ET CL si tlarrecatey oneteres Stee! role larch ai aie Cala ahaa ovale re ecare ea enero 791, 792 INE Nya OLE TVA LCs pcr cucmette ewsmatiets nce HORST AG Ve ko acsibscooiie folio tole i a 797, 809, 816a, 818 NOR UNM GC avOlim airs sredeveia a: eye eve wre, of chefs lose. +: «\/e)2' 9)c\ eps es epee eM 245, 246, 247 Penrose on alluvial and lode tin in Malay Peninsula............... 714 PosSepny on the genesis, of ore) depositsinilsh, yo stay fd aleve ole a ne eee 1351 BL SLOTU Ase taisiachasck lnorehayseian ease vis mms wie eles: alice hee ouubindoahinceec 1181, 1182 Recknagel on the tin deposits of the Rooiberg district, Transvaal, 1186a, 1186b Recknagel on the tin deposits of South Africa..................... 3a REVIETag1OMiss vce corey sparen owonanss Shoes Wonehok eokel ote vou sialisy svewes Coase oun cue Vou o ce scree ee Ee ae 1355 Richter on the relations between tin, lead, and zinc............... 1356 ODEGLCSON One Stream atin Imp AUIS tralia s ody siete clo lejcie.e aiestiele sieve eiarels 58 Rudlenion, tin) deposits, of (Great WBer1Gain so ickeie sie steve: oot steyefoyeue bev aistersvek terre terete 1340 Mouis (CPhillips ands)! On. p tim simi cys xatetensce «els perepeete oreconaciecmetacte Patetore re 1350 Montesinhos). Cim, hits fre 5 apse teyelieohoysrs) stay ove ye orsio:as) oxehbrlodelorai st te be oie athe Ite 875 Phillipsvand Louis oOnijtinigimipaatysctsss ie <1 -lcveye ers crore fetoleyeustevabotete eerie cheveheee 1350 Sandinha, tin near: Goes, im): ss ust ayers wh vcs aahs ops. overelatevoley seers doth) sacTeeeetOr 872 Sao Martinho. tim ims 2....55 ocists svousie.s 5.0 jive s-07eys 07s cnel s,s SoC one 875 Trasios Montes; tim! ims -s.c, .' sro/sseveyeyepoe leltans aflsi4 os; stop a cea cy ols: Gre terenel seeha cre ions 875 See also Europe. Poscovi, see Bolivia. POSED Y,, MOTANZ!. os cys, sb ge bie we ede ter Gave ataye eee ks fou ier atie old Hee iote ie nen Ie otto eel 1351 BOSC WACZ. Does eed iss ous arches kes seer eee nee chats al eh ae seca 112, 134, 300, 301, 302 Bost (Cater ouususucieiels ee eae eke mete n gene 8 eyo 08 09 0 (oles jo(e,8,0isle\eh a Lael « 869 Potgietersrust, see Transvaal. Potosi, see Bolivia. Potrillos, see Mexico, Durango. Pozoconi Mountain, see Bolivia. Poussin, see Malay Peninsula, Perak. Praa chs Tad Wise. oc jc eee. 35% lesevanelroisayerieneue’ (a oiveleye Yas oso 0 10 aka RECO RSI OCNe Lakaiava al hele peNeneiets 1186 Pratt; Joseph: Eye... 5... cere, clolerepeusiset orm ole’ syare erslet «ay cverS tec evenayaekeiel el crete erate 251,. 1217 Pratt, Jeek Struthers \ Josep vamadyyye scons: 0) sieversie/ snene/aiehokelanoter: 1020, 1220, 1364 Pratt, Joseph, Hyde, and iSterretts Dourlas Be cictereieist sce ohehelo ened tates teeye ale 252 Pretoria, see Transvaal. PrEumOmit,- (Gui. eve. ajavereve leis: svelstarenetenovels, ceils: sus;'s jevsisnecalst hemstate Cltebey aasveciiohe Prine 176, 276 PTOI Gaia, sxc 5 cso) a toto ole tote! al MM SHCR HLTH Te elisha ks cs wloie hekelenshor ie Galen Reastatele ener on teas 1054 PrvOr iG, 2D ice ale atoys ioise ces avs for ete eile le de tote ehteui61 sais vo eieteitolte PemsiceWey os hells tobe aROTSRERC ROO: Loewe 1636 Production of tin: ATTICA 1903: cc) ssle0 ohegarrantnstansuerelte Tepayerae Pe «capeyl ye eh owls to wieday apeuelote) sNavelo epeieenses 1347 Alabama W894i 2 A3. crarearcrsevorolelicte ss (0.6 evee eltevevehonetelel ateiepeleNeh Matele rental chet Earete 1357 ANAS AY WOOD ca; cere ve usr cveveneterehslens\oresOis's rene alleyeelolte teks) ste tan ute Feifelinn «fetal neti aces 1292 Alaska, D908 a .\ccaieleretesenevoteeie Mls foireyey s oxsnareetieanate ors bskep ehh oop ehe chckarellcke piers me 1347 Alaska, Seward Peninsula, through :1908......:.02 sce cccewicsceeleisjent) M50 NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 359 Production of tin—Continued. Reference PATISEE AAS Tamms 6 OO erctare cic: «ces eleuenehtererelceleue, © levee occ, o:.0 vei cletela te late abaiebetetayenas 1677 1899S ON: >.< epetorotedeseue ol cnetederenemadavenecobeeueie: v's. 2:5, Gehl eaedeae BARN Pires hem Nba year 48 Australias UST4ISUS Ta ve a. skevesencraies werere ale. sies:s felis os vistomepelbyert ee ebutes. « 49 MSL MOU SS oc soetenetecr sie.» aitars cha Cree eran ceueh ends w onaa_aj.ccener Sle Siete AER TA dep Rubee: 59 US SiS Sry Mey ss. tanonetsgeccrs!-o:cssnaye’ aNerorsiedetekooueie is ievoseier Scie cecnle re MNO ORC ROI sc 1412 MSS ea rawebats tai's: s(evele ater elelici 25 16.0).s 0s. mete! sisiwie o eXey sie wis le foreveiel sre teieie: eee ea ax 1681 US OMS Pirated sy cyonepene se telicns consee: wise’ aie dei’s tolsovradlaverererrovtsttovs'(oVavlor ota awe'l sgNCAMe CRORE te 1344 NG OSimepetedars < % oorenieyes Misses i alaths, 6. violate hare Yoyaneuevotevers daveroist cicero aes 54, 1347 NG OSU OC Aiaeas cacasaclogepcectencteysbecacarentiteveysreuat occ ag scons) oa) ogc ate oiecoe leustoeel Rete pedaters 1679 NG O Ar ceimy SIL. O Dy veycgeceeketetersicoueite: ctraele cele iaieyfal aus scsiceierre coho etsua toe tovON tere Po tene 1698 AUIS tae OS eee rye areieencncueltrek cua) Ccaila vole Zodevaliore) 6: sla trea -areiane euaiexareeer ele 70, 13847 Banka MiStOnVe mp LICGS st Gye iers likeliest avelsiete aiaisic oletaeae oie ale omer ete 1138 TIS RO US SOR ee ee nr neha tale Giala metois Grewele ove eel a Dua icie eater ehehoteton chs 83 AUS Riles ReNet herent MRNA GH ReAc RSAC M eds Soi Grid el ole ae helps isthe sohais latte oer aos CR Deen ehos 1412 ASSAD 6 Meee mectabceen estou sinetsicstais ne valor. casis she Ge voters olsualionen reer EL oe ete 1674 MESS Bes sinc eieitevavekasadetonp yey eoseeusnslp. 6) o)6 sie “sxe ai a:ioekofe SRST o Rigddgortepend siete Raat s ss 1681 LS Set ete cE ER eaerons reese ial se wie SG Pie ole ala Saree ee es 1362 TOw ASOT x. .i,-yoicasucasysteacussskeaelolecors teres «Gra et zie Ach. stand SSC OSI as aes 79 MSO — US OB hws aks ie oucn ends uncwens poke ucne deo vebs tae lewcheteite Ye coheds Satis Teese eae be eraterore 80 BUCO MAR. es cacwevens eaters in ie okowoh oie stele ovens oiSice sie ele ete MeO OEe ois 134 TS EA (ah eam ieh HUE ORNs bel estaKaNatlante eplotiny 2hewavcetalisiaale oie wi see ERE eRe Plana opened 123 HESS OAS 9 2 err ce sce cescap say tyre So Ua, "e'el al ob ch i « “aral dal ore eijal sim otene te CePA SPE Pe ene ieee 83 US Coil arsed oretekeneate ctor erexcasistevevorsic: 8 oieso. cleecsisl ericediecel eters Cheep tenIeae: 1412 BUSS ae cite obocade para aioyoneueieelte roliens te far oes Galea ds & easels obeae: siebadonoe: Pere ele ove 1681 ERG atrexNopeveptuetal cron sWevevoneroraiere yoke vaio 18 ats ole co:e:%0 "a Wes oaile ogaqo alates melee Kerem kee 1362 MESO. GG. O Gis save dorahwceetes ee rne rea wore eae ecnics or. ado vauer eeleheonetnoeencvess ialad ee telcbouscal wee 1674 MINOT SO Tie iy ates ous toned Renee a acarrouensusrsnchovelexGoie eter benavehalevere “auc epstalobsterevavekausy sh 79 HS OEM Ae ES Olle arec vacty MerepeRer che ena e tobe vol ues shisueisenizons Polenene Sieve: acer eats otis ieaeie ts 1344 IES OMA Beye parcic cesarieyel Kore heueiototeucioh woe haxe orcle Oesevsiahe 138, 142, 146, 167, 168, 180 MES Bees US uctege octane uerne Reuuricy erie evap eh bik UR nan Mt Uur, A RIV a rea eieVenaroret ames ete 1681 TS OF Metre Sie ek MO WR Rabe aimee Ria a dere oe lite ts ein alias IRC TR IC Ok CN RR BA Ret 1344 ES OR—ADO 9m Voters te evtetesew eyo te te Preeiee ees etek Bierere bs Ses, RI tle aes 148g Oia civaetie crs cats yale vo vers voor veverene tae ree caves Meus Fototeme lade etoncneredenetohintoren Ghbtero ga 1292 DOS Dis ese ice epansy chou Mote eouchcuens bs ue kc usa Suensts ia ues: eptosel Oe telersionoMereae a Eine este Ae 166 DO) Seep aia) 056 ah iasts,Sclasfeyie) eho nesta fag Gy aGyn el nay es iah ep DAO ee ee ie aes ee 170, 1347 NGO GRraridleel DO Tvarradl pcs cacrsrshp oe oiererene ie ees te rore re atone e elle hates ean eoieks 148a BNDGD Couamae Sass ce 'a/to fe tech ote, Site Gere ue ane RSHSNS GT. S sl at obeelis taco slave neve oc bale GUE ate apap matey 148d HG, pe ew earayex sires Way clcor os ovelecslor chat evclsver one or eiei onal ok nla SkeCpoEe Note 148b, 148c, 148e, 148f NIG EURAIL UTTD LZ 5 0i.o, ratio caster et choker owed oneal cueucvonehehovietalfelenslcveierclebolchebepstaloboneveks cone 144 OTD OW ELS B= OAs ca cis set aif poten reSeouee an oue are HOTS aria a ne tele NoPem ol drs kelael asia yous pectic 145 BUM ae Mero CiStrict, dS 8O wees siclsevelsls wie ois, «ise evereveneeisuece Bt i Cees 185 SRENASSELIM 5 1 SOO— LOIS. cls evens onerayousbeleereienpleiaievclenstslevoveveraie, ocholorateust are 195 LUMO MTU n nme SS OR Oe inte crear cy Mme eRe U Eun Ai cenr cca hin cic) ACen eet Lee eae y SH 1695 “I@) TOPS S agp Oe RPA MLC RCEIC oko iG COR GE ENOR CRC ICRO ICI Tce RCRPE RS 347 6) Arron ec Acree 213 MES OAD a en hy at st aNiotcticl clei ooholat ost etet olied ataNel slctctolotateletetololete’ ste! slat totatahelel o cterstetele te LS oT Santoacinto mine, 1891 elvineweross value... js. 6s. osc sce 210 360 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 Production of tin—Continued. ae Chima 188s csate tarts atetatetstebeleebe tate tobel's tated rote tetotatelereSetceteen. lasetarena nine Seed Cornwall, 1201-1800) sy nt Soret nc SE AA hho hemlcteton len ee eee ee 1680 P4ChY “Centurycs. as Seater tite areralonerateharates Sabatahe ait etc, Pana ae eee 1403 TED ADB oc oA me tseiteet tate Me recteite Mote Poeataytes Pa te tatartesfartec tone feyte fo Powe setae este ete ae DBA SATUS BT ose es irae Baers vaste ark eure os Seatinte atreite ite al Pa Peta ete a ae 1669 L843. 5 rasa i wk ssasaseae ese tae bS SE 4 CERAM Cb Ae CRE Rieter 483 858-1868: sos eve cee tie ieee Pha ds ts he Ee ete ae ret oe 413 US Gi sree Tenatens ote terate tans tae totam toa tetatatetotetets te lai talatetadetanatatetetotoretotorce een perete 490 DS GAG sea SSrei ia toons date ten essen ara tg mtn MaRS A GD aSira tao natataiia a ateme Ra Rue ee eee eel 1699 VSG4H1 BTSs eM ieecrte tere tort te SER MIR ae ts nce, Ht, Nae ky 2B I Re 1687 L869 6 Pesce ce ded dete cna Mowe oo ae oe eee da had ad cae Oe banal 414 L8TB-1TS 88s a een Allg K Lew CO d Viera ere ee ROTA LR re 1681 DSO Sct eek ea SES aie OM SIRS SIRs CHET A HUIS ee eRe er ene ener aR Ee 1344 TOV LING. bond eet es eV ROW Se MORSE 5s RRR Te Roe UNmHe els Neraeteiee 1693 DO LQ OS» wc atene sere retae roreine tele re a netoste ee Tore rd ca te to sallats te te Touriaeara navaseraMt ae ene aeketease 427 1908 output and «Valuers i coves vs tk es araw ts heen Neher a eres 329b GOO) ae eae h Ass ORR se ietere teres cise nega SP iti oe eae 329e Average production of mimes SAG... 21.< sero lere tere revere s UsIn eget Weil s 412 Balleswidden mine; A837 Sl Swe as <5. seman ee ete alere 451 Doleoath mimes 1870). 0.7. sds cre rararere se te ba reise arelonere wei 469 TSOTHAL9OL! teenie eee cen cise einin Sere Reena 327 BOR my relata rite th aM tatelatetetevte aemere te ic tae anataaletstaNONe RET sae teeta seme nGe arena 323 MD OQu as sr ratatatatel tate loterehoratemedstewete eters eters tare tobatone aceon Tae ree 324, 326 General notesion' 1T88S7te tees bk ee ee eR eee 389 Eiwel Wherry. tO: DSLSEE Li ictetere se cre eee ene ee onetime er eerenere 396 Hands 7nd; 85 2—V9 OT cr etwekecenete oh sve eile eer orotsenta Mickoreie ciate rere 448 Method= of: increasin'eOubpultercers cron.ctim deposits. OFS 2.555588 Boek AOR Ee FAS 47, 1301 WS TOOLS ae tina s aitis AR cae tate Sete teeter ctetstatata tase tePatate"e"etehateteree oie wee eateiere 939 BROW ON GIN: Tee ct ctar total atateroratatelstebatetet elonetete ead cla bs whie beta e Mere 1307, 1308 Caleiter;-stinviaty Anya, JRie, NO BIE Mae ee LG 935 California :Creek, tim Om ts. 1% % 010% to 10% % toile %0.%0 0 vo fo's ‘ole role ele tree 895; '927, 935 Cameron on the Annan River tin field, Cooktown district........... 896 On= the Herberton™ fieldsicc ch er crete eS PS oe ee Oo ei 895 On+tin: invsthe-Kansaroo Bille .iiet oe. Se Pe Sa Sa 893 On«sStannary Hills: tin +deposits.:.... =: 26 FO A Se oes 892 On tin on Thompsons Creek and in the Herberton district..... 894 Chillazoet tint atl lo Os S HOM AR BLT, DONE AIS Oos Be 935 Clarke on tin: mines -in the Devonian: Of.....22...2%....ccccceacee . $814 Cleveland. on tin dressing at Stannary Hills....................... 897 Clotten on tin in Herberton district, on Wild River, at Watsonville, Irvinebank, and in- Silver -Valley «002s. flee es 898 Woe Aoms Els Mi tsecrce terete cove tahetratere fatale o'er Totals Geshe e Mote tages 1677, 1679 Cooktown district, tine ims:% 225sss¢scsseccee Rh ee A 896, 917, 920 WOOlSATTANGIStEICE A CH TMK. tocpratetetetcteTotetole’e/ehctetetetelcheteletersiovdione wins 895, 926, 927 CrowseNest: tin CepOsits: . 222% 45.245. 5224.5 2a 400s ve bee trtee cece sales 888 Currumbin-Coolangatta. Beach,- tim on.o2 5% 24.4% 2%. thee eels s vc cee cle 891 Cusack on Running Creek camp, Ravenswood fields................ 899 DANE hard FOR tM iN sans scene teas wees oooh Kee a PE Ae ee 1313 DainMtreerOnstin On SeVern RIVET Foe I OU eer elee eis sieie.s 900 Davtesromating dt ta slang), SET OBL EA EM heteihs Bore GhewticnelS ee siecels eisceiee LSI DAW MTOOTAMAtAL TAS LTE Set ahaa oP ON, SPU ISMN AOI a hu svalare ts eis elders clei eterel ele 1318 Dowelon-tin in the: Henberton: district) pile. See. cele weiss aie 901 DryeRiver: ssilver. mines -ons <2. 2286. ea. Be Pat 0 AS 916 Dunstan-on Lancelot mine in Silver Valley..................--00- 902 OnsStannhills tincfields. é+.25 2 a0 eles cts 63.55 Os i POS, oh 904, 905 On tin with monazite at mouth of Tweed River................ 903 HdlingervonuthevELerberton, GISETICTL, s.6 5.06» ors white dlstey stale cletele oleate te 906 366 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS voL. 58 Queensland—Continued. Reference Number Hngilish) onstin» ats Stanthorpe .i.)<-cic.c1s1-5 cisere ok ci sinue’sverere enacts chante a eionnte 50 Eureka Creek district, tin in..... is eegs 5) acolsza al aco) OPROa EivA 895, 925, 927 Mawis) OM GIN) Gs ois. 3.chersvs case syore fede Mbvepe eke graeteeenstene FR ogee sofeie's BOSSE 1320 FOSSiDGOOK, “CIM OMS oi5 8 aie 5 hose) oxs 016) aiiwice laecepe tera n: eels ala aye le ell REE LOE 927 WY AL JOM s CUM) UM eed nejegeca sre aphleht ars vetocssy steverd Gt bfele, shejo sueleneleieds shelters chet elects b 907 Gayndah sdistrict, Gime im ci5 ccs eccoalo's siouaie lors Soho ere beleteve cl cemiees Wercioueie ete ree one 890 Glenlinedale, ‘tin at.... soc s cosas aentaeaes Sia asfel 3s Distetdie a3 aie fatale Sheibie: © 927 Gregory On tin. iNsj.sic apa elit ctexe said Aa. cxcrszeaped one (dis\ebaye Resta Ab ayatebolene ate ' 908 On ‘tin on, S€VernwRiverysern piscine frecteleve sf choke cells siesta aere-cistem crs 909 Haldane ‘on the’ Herberton (Gistrictyrjepaste .osttstoretere fale e it ela edovente 910, 911 On. the Walsh. and Tinaroofield’..z.ccqcdscciad- hee asians omits ee 911 Herberton district, tin in....43, 876, 878, 881, 882, 885, 886, 894, 895, 898, 901, 906, 910, 911, 916, 919, 920, 927, 9381, 982, 934,935, 938, 939 Silver Valley, Lancelot lode aim. 5... ssa. atiesnsyemr as 881, 898, 902, 938 WATTGATAS TMMITICL ocsah onc broceterate cone yelloge (oveuscs ie ie) aca voce lees sunt lohenene tenis eee 876, 885 Hopkinson River, Gin sO os. cicje se speys.0ce,0,0.0,0,0 /eyeus ousus speporelntorti do atalocieerere 940 Horsley on tin in the Kangaroo Hills and Star River fields......... 912 ERMINE S OM CUD A 5h.0)5. 5 datas als coarse lolelwuelel a (0 «oie le aohavapalokernne Reereraed ake en eke 913 Irvinebank district. tin Ancey ae smile: ces ses lhe « 876, 895, 898, 927, 935, 939 Treatment Of Cin) ONES DME crocs jiwis © oie» oie fa takd o feta eteisie me ta epet ah suet neie 891b Jack. ‘on’ silver mines on. Dry Riiveriy.is is). ssorpeqesceheuels Osa tte efebbeatosues 916 On tin near Cooktown... cic jcrejaayocreptys Bil aney orale ts «fale RERSONS 935 Mount fAmoss stink (OMe. anistersistsiessiece oe ei's:9, 6/5) a) Shee pant bets Wiel auaeshareteheee ate os 896 Mount, Brown), stim) Qtaeye. piel lem 918 Mount, Leswell, stim On) sinc creme. « «0 ibickdchels sieht aha ieee ere 896 Mul divin, Gis ab eiiecs Sc ce teretert une an orale ee ae ite ee ane oiiello ro NORAPA Ree Lei Cneaenecebete 935 NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 367 Queensland—Continued. Reference Munday on tin mining in and around Herberton................... 927 My ola’, geoloszical’ (NOtES4 yOM wate not eles tole aes evs Wal Fete e ete ede oncltereh dere soe 935 Newelltonmaistricts time Ams oct wervclae sve scsvs,s bho Siac Sree Meharteete iene 895 Newland Ome Gime 1M sete ere or crn are Oh re eke eisrer he) pik oe oi Oss TCLS EEL DoH Ste 928, 1346 Newman on Kangaroo; Hills, mineral fieldistvct% sapele.. seis seem sisle vie 929 Newton on metalliferous minerals Of tis. ty. iss. Scieieicici « cjere oieis wisidielel oleic 55 Nicholas: onyStannary /Eiillls;, mimes)2). 2). ce os « woe enehetere tel slelele: steistele ele 929a Palmers GIStric th nbimldMerg ater evsre cha eysuetee coe e sielever ace le See evetis totiol metals ks 920, 939 Palmerig Rivers timasOM e4eis:syeverd to's fo a ahs Gis i ares arash ocodele. ceerettatleyetins. a ekebt ate 940 PASCOCMEIVETS xt LW OM Bis cya Sars sis leo ohsherensretenerelie,cusiese.s.ceyet uel tere ght netaeede Rut Fanet ¢ 93 Phillips ands Wowisvons tim mM. 2501 .)4/o-<, 20, let ole od Galea takeatals srk Blade seis 1350 Piked ale tela etimNs «Barco: cle ce ieces soho: 6)3, alone’: d QMMs Sea ey cle etele Srna Ne Pepatene 933 Port, Douglas ‘district. tintin pt 2 «tease eget sseystel aie lc edelortete a ahstededetele > 920, 937 RAVENS WOOGs GIStiniCterctine 1M. cis, sisrerece ts, ses. ovetereleekelal a Por onwrane ousted te torate 920 TIM ON RUM MIMS RAV ST ye his eons: 6, ors cles dyereite a) sabe eaten etetete Mie te nes 899 RETA SwOmee ki ubimeNMe asin seotc cag alee ski ao 8 «ola cous ere ial altohexere etvne eh sieve ale 880, 895 FE YET POMBE AM revelatory. sae opel aietat es STR Yee ws “0 a, si's aia ahalarete ananerchalavevsuensloveparelse 1354 FVOUCCTAOMMAULTAN ITs ret rape acral sha evens icra sous svece,ae os. eladeceleilesn erietohersCahebaterelens Lia EU INTNETN Sa ER Aye Teens CUM OTM spe peles ochre ove hvrel oosisay bain) ile” av els 1e:.0) ovaledopecaltsiegsuclehe aoveneue 899, 918 Russell oni walshvand=Tinaroo; mineral fleld.2. i... os2 fete cma steleians 93 Sellheim on tin of Herberton and other districts................ 931, 932 S CVE MRGIVCT: Mlle O Mr prs cyatepetorel otai'a sts (oei"s soi's/s) grein eels, wi ete bnetls) sveraipPoreuens 900, 909 Short on Stanthorpevand:Pikedale fields... 15... <'. « .o.c.c1s,«jstoberctetelareteiels 93% Skertchly on geology near Stanthorpe and Warwick................ 93 OnvHerpertone tinioleadie sects selene cveterate ious wz) clveslel biceayattere rate Prop pRerent tons 93 On tin mines at Watsonville, Herberton, Montalbion, Irvine- DATIVE CRs tic tora reitnc a '5y'o: eile) oi’) ans we've 0)-8 Lares uhellovay sols, 0 enero « MA oCNeRGL «Ses 93 SMmLtehse CLeeke sim Csatamealmics sc cioverereve te eis oo ersieiaie ober oiteutie lata e opeterstepeudeeeps) « 895 SITU lie OLA Uimiacl Mn yetaveueversteneher ciel cielcvoienever ers 026) siforare epepanewaire: swore ersiaceNep ences tatelc 1362 Stainesson Port Douglas: district.<5 2. colle we cheyache ote berks esate cole 93 Som aeYy A Ells.) FEPOTEN IOS 2's a c< Ambrose Wetter tators terelsrs tet ate terete telspetets ah totats Motater ora ea tale anata eeovalte (ly Ratburi (East Coast), see Siam. Ravenswood fields, see Queensland. Rawdon, see Nova Scotia, Lunenberg County. Rawhide Buttes, see Wyoming. RAWLINSONS MG CONLE LY sce tete ct. tet oie) ctel cnctoneter otal stotelatonatotekerotehciatiet stotoreneNaNeielerevelcteiere 1410 Rawson S?sGsss tsk aa sees ose hs SARs Nica Seon cchia ey a sitet eters tenet oS ee 1553 FRAY, CUONMT eo SA a es Sst Ner a crete ce Sid ena Ne a Na ene monomer tetetex suet Retertesets 1554 FRY UNO RA Wists eetotetoe ororans we etee eet te Pete ts rence eee ha lovene ene tedeueleliodteliote 787a, 1219 Realzar, Hennecke: onyoceurnence in “Persiaier «cc eens e cieie chalenel sel elelaleratere 864 ReekWarel=s- 4. so 4 tse ee ee oeee ete s Se aie enero tereane tote ce enone tererleratmetsrene 1186a Recknarels, Rtas Sats teens talons ater te te to ets hate Soot eles altetionete te lols erener netetenseeneney Relegs 1186b Red River, see Cornwall. Redruth, see Cornwall. NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN——HESS . 869 Refining of tin: Reference Number Cowper on ‘electrolytic methodseiial teed. wos. OSes As Me 1471 Wel Wax G GC mMOnihe ROMs y soncsodoncstee RNR rere nove Sore tone he sates vavencronemstarohouekenehor et elace 1476 DUSSAUCEBOD Gicsevee ets Gm eR nik nin wee Sam AIR Re RIE 1482 Gran aI GOD 5 3.0. e rere sexe ce wieie S019 BR TORT Gia es ao ols uo ale ee Se EO see 1324 EL AWAITS MOM iorsioncyce rete me eee Mah WIS SRA MRR HS me K e mhonaiere RM SUNT opti 1500 PERT AU LUG jel OM eeaifo uci ye nches ease wePane ca tea Nate te sa newumavanee dass Vase e he capancvancuthevenone sath: Conan sh ar shaiats 1551 Sexton) onumethods in’ Cornwall. 2.2.2... erat fo ee ce dene eee 1361 fEhiollier on: refining of. tin, iny Cornwall. cic..0.c.cmrerosotakiato cietele eet e «eke 1579 IWRES) ODP meebmics SRE RSS himiweh he Clow SR EE MRR SSR ARE SRS one 1372 Reid's Clements and setts xJice Sess sree ys sea vos alte a ane &.ololdrere, srelays wistetiee SANDS exe 448 eid; Clement, ands Scrivenor) Js. Besccwine< old ESE ARI IE 449, 1638 ROE, Tit Erato testaretayorerotetencss ssileRemcliaifelisiroicisuide to sis te wide laitelva tareohtote, areteroNd a tea AY Maes MMeH RTS 838 Reids Creek, see Queensland. EMC LT IV ee usyate sonora store verevatousiel suche te: susierereie Wein cave a1 ee wisi siete igi sin oR OO Ee see coke 135s PERO UIT ie dix Wc Se ve te te to lis RNC PR USI Testes weyers ails lelts Silsivg silo da ore voaks Ha Da (ors ravone rons bo dade lena o Gee 634 Relistian mine, see. England. Remarkable Mountains, see New Zealand. COTA TEE g Grape Ans sy ayapevanahexonsyoxc¥erowederoks vexeVoreveveveveinawevs toneweveuehetakevereverstoncrel te 114, 115, 116 Renison Bell, see Tasmania. Renong, see Siam. PERE TUE Wi S KGLIR as rates ts ho espa He Hebel os We ne oa fastens dates ba psit6 26 Go 4 bss be 16 8 rhe Be soin0/dOi tel endOles ibetNe de defreuote we eae ere 971 Resources of tin, see Supply of tin. Restronguet Creek, see Cornwall. RCT SSHMAEH LUickcacialeverm eet te bine hia W616 Wain vs ow & es weieiaierelsloleints RIC Dato 562 HMO Totes he Wak Norse faite eine naive Fa fouesss Sairegorte vonaWwespeile neseais sw 18 toiorcl a MRM ley oels CRT ARESES oye Wile tors 1411 Revers Hons. .se- 57, 117, 308, 304, 450, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 1854, 1855, 1412 Rhodesia, see Transvaal. HERI RD SS ated OEM ED path jn Bence Raita rales Wotse'es nits Torre loi vasweiveice wo Whe. Wir6 bare torte wire ts re Anivorve 1 te ices lermbeotveneheye ol he eke 1413 Ribadavia, see Spain, Orense. BEG ARGS ee OSCDE Gc cwore cisieye Rit +o vSi'e CN vie! Sire v eis Wels, win w/in wre, Silvie wile tuenthe oe onemts 1555 UTCH ATS RLODEIE cELe Sforercie (ote. oils soi or eisyeie) 6) 0) <:e!e: » 6.lare/'ct Mav one ee ONE bal oy MRM Sioned tal aiede (els 1556 ROH ATESOTS 9) Gr sob sem minys visks GNI WS 16 bbb oe NG ohe ceed Mabel Ghthe: clei Mele oe del ns RA EeMehy feat 1170 Riche wArs (CAHOUTS: [A 5, AN) is) sicisiclate <0. oes 0s efe IA iahs st HA RL s 1463, 1464 Richmond County, see New South Wales. Richmond River, see. New South Wales. TF ee ERU Cys Mie ACERT sacar atheros grees Bolo fete el co 20 70106 We halla 16 toy lorer elie oiwte wits wwe Is SEM obs hat aees Mae 1356 RCT COTM MVE UL LET sa Eds MATE)! 5, 6:6 5, wiaiteishereseid) 6:0 c.0 0B hbe told o Bled ttle Ste staal alee die 560 ULC HEM GES sy Hered sieve) tA Ct Marehs ola abahatece dole RheParaiele lial MS ot twisnson dit Ee SRE Eo 783 eeRHGel NOL eMEB EES Pred Tose ewata ay ici iahevee «i sii aelevers oieie e eceveimu ere: e.Giele a leteleve oie eer eleteleveievs 33, 1125 EPUOHALISCU Sie PLOW US is iy 6,0 605.8. 0% 66.8 :9 5, 0:8; by 81 90 005 KS a KEEUe oHEND ofa helb lavas eldddle steteheets 450a RORCEES pM EO UES ie Dig .gi dz aie a 0 0, b 1G STarte le. oles eye lee: o-wlete ee wi ereje wml te ahaa seen aDe 1276 Rileffels cciscssscsscvsasss CRS ELIA a TE a8 sider ides Glas aia'd o hha Shae cere 1557 Ringarooma Valley, see Tasmania. EDME NP EFCTETY fisa tAeis sd Ras gFdd Te eee ee re, OER ET hs 585 AIGULE wee Gballey,. Gilbert Hs and). a A oe eek oe 988 Riouw Islands, see East Indies. 370 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 Reference Number Riouw-Linga Archipelago, see East Indies. REGO IS, Wosehc Feiss yee ald aaauoaetede bole te ierein tates oye a tekeletoueye oie nabs OTE ET near 1126 Ritter, Carlee Pili ewe wel auie end wae ee OSCE EEO EEE aoa 718 Roberts; Malcolm xs ek se nya aorevag aca:< oreo Regen oe eae ees ee 178, 179 Robertson, Js. Mace Te as eeibiele se se eldalotin eerie een aciae hOr ane 58 RODereSOms {Wis TB. Bs aitke cote caueseenete tale eo arenes ones bs Kemie eas hie keds Ga ee 1244 Rockbridge County, see Virginia. Roehrig “(Crookes Van) x ix. eiewieiierls Qovele sie oles Aolae Mischa tee ders TEE MEE 1242 ROESSIO TL Fe ae Perkins seas! Cees ete Ie CeIG eae Maul ose eels Gn Ee EEE CE noe 221 Roliker, “Cast; Me tt aass tare avanarteana areverete ereios «seve er terete ee eae Siar SOD TOS. Taba Romam itin, workings; -Henwoodone.. .. .. > 2 « de cttsisinne Here Acide eneeee 1327 detRomanahibidward occa bier eco ains ce cide ec Oe ECE CLE Tee 180 Roodepoort, see Transvaal. Rooiberg, see Transvaal. ROSATO Sy ELiyn c Aiiat elee pie aie toda ees oaelctetene isusle pooicilale eine Pee RAE Oe aC ee eae 1234 Roscoe, H. BH. (Schenck, E:, ‘Smith; RR. A., and) 5 .,Sansiete ieee eee alee 1568 FUOSC, ais 5 Sieve, o aire sess ne Hace vaneoterevets scaye, ooh te she serene ofelad ate tedettes chee eect eee ene ee 1558, 1559 IRGSEnIDUS CHE LIT: ois ees icusge detec doen shodsixe eieusieke Sie his POE ELL Ce ee 1639 Rosewarne, H. (Borlase, Wm. Copeland, and)...; ..asandeced. sone daa 347 Rosewarne mine, see England. ROSS 3 SD Nz oti a ontee aketinte ee ciel ous weneee ine Castown alone ic ole Weuein etna ice eee Eee 720 Ross mine, see South Carolina. Rowe; Capt Dames sci: sed c'sceceres otera-el eee 0 0. ove cvenghd Wretehan lias tolonerereierehae decd ieee tie 1127 FROM ON CIGC OMAR GCE: 4 une rs eee one spataeRsiale Oe Gil 6) oes ier Out ERO SAIS IEIOD eIOe IEE 1560 Rowe Ts Pang) Hoster (ComMVeNevie)-teccew acsaiieiciemereeeieeoncienickie ean ine 451 Royle Ags Paste ae GU ee ERS Ge ae RR ESOS. SUP pec eeeeee 200 RUWEK er), AM COMM. 5) stsis javeve re Yolo revewolarsso10/6 4;0iceive uw ta:felto sielrewoncrelie ts EAST ASR ae aaa 568 BRWAT Or AY OW ioiees oso eretews ise ieleig nies 6: elnlereeie muon ts BUST eIIetRe CICS Ca Ee epee 452 Randa WSarae, +. «one. ae eee 1658 Discriminationvof ‘granites ini... . >: «a+ ethene eee 564 Origin of tin deposits of: . sacked eked cel oe aki ooiviet 575 Silver-bismuthy deposits im.¢......2....duminitiaes one eee 578 Tin in....528, 529, 530, 534, 544, 547, 551a, 553, 555, 556, 564, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578 Foullon on ‘tin in’ Zinnwald...........2...aee ao he ate eee 1322 Mreiberg, Ore deposits) Of... 10. chee «uns ete see ee eee 538, 559, 560, 575 Eriesleben ion the) Erzgebirge. ....<..«.chkvit@els sia. inch eee hee 547 Muchs and de Launay on tin in. .eteebanests oeteek. son. deere oe 66 Gatzschmann on the history of tin mining in Freiberg............. 1391 Geyer, Cin ims. z.4 eek teriess. cc cvaie ete) dusnions’ seas Perr Re ee 540, 549, 567, 574 Leiter mine (2... oatie os.n2 6. os S05 eRe S eles He ee Eee eee 573a Groddeck on tin at Altenberg, Geyer, and Zinnwald................ 549 Johannzgeorgenstadt, ‘tim ime ¢5.,.65,. 2456.2 ons see ee ieee 540, 561, 578 Kersten on tinsat Altenberg..... hws ah de. as eid sie ee 1512 Kilipstein' on tin’ at Alltenbere fa ciit. aieiadieten stoi ete 66 Ibepsius on* tint in) the vErzeebinrees: 2s... bi asked ce aieke oclotela ab cieiesle 55la Lindgren on tin deposits at Altenberg and Zinnwald............... 1337 Manes! onmtin int) a4cgip cesta sancts, alt ost eel. Wasting of eOb cates ated 548, 561, 5738a Schroder on! tin in’ Mibenstochs isis. Jetset std Glas 4 iabetatesss «lel mice eile 572 Semiultz son, Lim GCDOSICS: Of'c.< ccc sc as eas Ga eaten nie « CAEMTS bckoledoreiane oaldotes 573 Scehwarzenberes\ tim, at... <0 a seid « sebcetslteds seflelebiacle tac ekehopals 530, 544, 564 Singewald on tin deposits in the Erzgebirge................+22000% 573a Stelzner on the origin of the lead deposits of Freiberg and the tin deposits! of the Erzgebirge: ..9/jo1208 . ade alles Tea e). Gshe is 575 On tin in Ehrenfriedersdorf, Geyer, and the Erzgebirge........ 574 Onutinvinehreibercy and: the, Hrzeebingeyac..cic cicic clche sicker oel ieigtaere 575 Stelzner and Schertel on zinc-blende from Freiberg................ 1643 Sternberger on tin in the Erzgebirge... .. ..). «je sisih imlecieh » ot edalateitet 576 Nelkdnconstin mining in’ the Hragebirge.. oo... sacs oe acne Aelpeiiels 577 Viebig on the silver-bismuth deposits in Johanngeorgenstadt, in the RTE ODIE SC! 6 o)o (coo, 2, a1: 8,270, 5, LTENy Dalt ele Jah. WHA OG sake edaefsteet sae sc 578 Wooawardron tin ore specimens) frOM.,.,.,.,<.0)c, crolies ol cheater cholic shales ie 'c'elie alute Sate ata e)ictare chet etveie nat iet ete ans eae 14388 GEET IN AT YA ETA RE Ste Cbtata lola rdrelattanere ie atete etre 14388, 1497a, 1511 Goldschmidt. on. recovery: of ‘Gin LrOM .:.+.:.5.4.5.5.) terererarelele w eele oe thee ee ee 1497a TTON( 1M oo nectecnenetarescneroredovewchorstehoReversaaies ee slash dle hate eben ata she chet an Oh ER REO ACES 1555 NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HESS 3875 Scrap tin—Continued. Beer Kershaw on electrolytic method of stripping tin from........ PHS lila Malleable: iron, usedins manufactirerotoaes oot o,f es 1567 IN IIS; HMA WE SEROM. pees ccta wie ra to wre re topetat eRe ets Me te\re%s aifsi"s a ta Ya'e Bo Moats MMAR. ISy7(a3 Plants) torvthe recovery: of, locatednn-...cae wee eo oktse donee 1438 UCCOVERY OF ates canes barca tote aR aes 1435, 1488, 1439, 1440, 1441, 1442b At iCopenhagen by. sBeErgsexPLrOCOSSs + rsrjors oterote ators ore eiebeiel el tet eter ate ers 1442 By. electrolytic! methods saea.acc o dco So ee tran oletontaiens es 1439, 1440, 1441 May 1 1 no vosetvs is cates wits site iaraita tal Stat ot alg aera haat a att Sister es area eT arena ate 1438 jRichards on- saving ‘tinJand iron Lect. .ciersie cctoe ete steer eee 1555 Schultze on recovering tin from tin plate scrap............eceeeeee: 1566 Schunck on. recovering tin from tin plate scrap. /......0.05........:. 1567 Smibh> (O:)) on’makinS Nails -ENOM it reterltec « ccoheleloeiolatete erate cle ater ale, are De Wirtzson recovery, of tinsand Zine fromncns .ntaee caticl etree ee sites cle 1584 WiorseyJon, TecOvery: OL- tin’ LOM». % +. iran ote crete Aeiclele etoke lee eta eee 1586 AFATRO) LIM oS cot Fe, G70 %e 7a Pollo i/ehro:3 Foro Pevo Doutertere rte reite Porte Pore taiTeite Tabs Pete Pelieetore arenes ater e a 1584 SOUMVOM OM male ac niaveie wits ere ss ob 4 wee eI N Ie etede aa ots 723, 724, 725, 726, 726a, 726b Serivenorm.d. 55 (Reid, Clement, and). o.c002 ssc sees . saw cas one ees 449, 1638 Sebastopol, see Victoria. SO SWIC RA GAIN oy oF co dive ale wis wt eis oie led re Maes dele oele eae Bale mtamaren ale omens 1360 Seegrunde, see Germany. Seiffen, see Germany. Selama, see Malay Peninsula, Perak. Selangor, see Malay Peninsula. SSL NUIT MMM E z'cy of or or ear ot evoke! ey wrist ab a? ov eter ove! o'er att aha" o> a¥'atigh ot orale! of suetieh at aeta haastcislehe ners 931, 932 SOIC ZHMMIGM Ny iar tov atoWotsdoetoretasiranetetorelehoteseterareveahetetoraretelchamstotiahehaveretch ore costars habe met mats 525 Serendah Valley, see Malay Peninsula, Selangor. Severn River, see Queensland. Seward Peninsula, see Alaska. OX UOMMMPAS MERUIMDO]E A. hus hihiere sels obs oo 0.09575 G4 wi bre eretbie te annie Seat oltaligne atete sions 1361 Seybo, see Santo Domingo. SM TOUIS EM Dareciieiiciorsieisoereinie toute yb bie eleleie’e'e olo'el ony,» MrerRIRieiere bi nue eicmaheney ees oprenet omens 606 RIE ELVA STR et ete cat Rte\ circt ales avers neGehenerelesoreverelovelgrsrensteretereteteMekenetslaretercverstoatatete stonaete 1129 SVT WARES RTP TCR eR caene ISTO if lohet Oya kee re feeieiu s/s apaie's a -welAibvealebehwlavern ele steheteh iaaratrs dats Shelbourne, see Nova Scotia, Lunenberg County. Shepherd and Murphy’s mine, see Tasmania, Bell Mount. BEATS tom © memEliseeeye tee ects ce evsheleicic tee Jae eisveiteiveverteaiarecl oi aiel/e\ ale) ale ebato evel ellevedehtico tare Colmes 933 Siak, see Sumatra. RS UPLER SeeD UD TIMI SUR) ae 573a Singkap Island, see East Indies, Singkep. Singkep, see East Indies. Skene, A. J., and Smyth, Ri Biss sipeasese.0.-ieadom npele «haa ahaa ae eee 1235 Skertchily,: Sya@mey: Be Woe casas sid ouepeuscecouecssoussouscoceasseuehegeh adel seeee ewan Fane 934, 935, 936 SKE wes; Ma ward... sca sois/ecsyevcsscovsueisysqsyersyourssus shetedel steetetepaie ihe teletensritehenapet aber aie 456, 1662 STACK, We Big so sie ce weiss teiceteye ies oe ue) seh EV hice ah Sis: BFIOISZ0) sifol = (evel a me Sta le Reads eed choke 127 Slags: Bohneson: recovery. of tin) fromity: sre, .)rces < cihi tote lated cle wimide eudets ehedeterarars 1453 Brandenburg, Weyland, and Kempen on recovery of tin from....... 1456 Dykes on analyses of tin slags....... ‘td ink Je sickokenaaie”s kAgietoke hte aaa 1483 Thiollier on treatment of tin slags in. Cornwall... ....c.0, On Cin sass he te esicte evetel 2 Fe Mirae Meche aretha ele ekontrarenniethogs 243, 1207 EEPATOMPAOTD ALLIEN FIGs. fe PePaeees RPP tate Uotate Toke alle tote tele etelctotehecmerenevercteverererclsteiens 245, 246 CIENTS LS OMe LITMS 1M errata sytlet otetstonehststosstobohstarsen ctohctct stores sreralerele crsier=s 1326 FLCSRROUE ELIS IM tare aire Voie hoe Sic cheeeioie aie cher ataiotel el sycie) ote toletsveleierevayle: spatiel sis 247 AHA GO We RET PTR toler eth eee Ron ON cee oto ated htt ch ne nah atrel cnerte sol el ev veteisralclenene 251 Practean de StERCehe OlkebIMe iM ase Sites soit tee citi elerelel ers tenetsl s)oNersioneller se 252 VOSS. UIT 1Tate ts oerversroneha ner cigie sre) e ech) e c ciduc g cueveie erste elsvchertere 238, 239a, 253 Sloaneone Ce vEVOSSeiMl Meneses sieveiein 8 eroitia re ei nlehe voha avete: clonetatanetarel eich etree sts 253 Struthersrandweravcrom mine tm: seca +s cciels Ss oc sleeie siehciene efelanelelare cys 1364 See also Carolinas and United States. SOMA KOLA CLM Mer ree ererertrera.el isis! oval lies oxe\e1/e2 seh Sr aleisie eerie 1192, 1196, 1281 Bailey and Riotte on Harney Peak Tin Company.................4. 988 BO eer earlch: district, ti ihe ee ee ee tik s doce: 1015 PS CCHMOME LAMy sIM eyeredyecerciere te eter es ote eile) si sireiisi'e on cHetelic couse eliekel ejiole) elletetelepettehelavel tehele 1299 OTE hea TT ai ran staverevereicrcioptiste fore) act ole! oi suet el ollelehaelcnonelelelei cia okehopetsrsiotemera\e 1300 BSnediet OMA GLINel leet circ era ie ole sei misie eke slomscaieisuev Mirek isnenet sere 990, 1200, 1301 Benedict on tin near Custer City and in the Nigger Hill district.... 1275 Benedict. On Harney Peake Gin! sMINES .. 3. <2): oe. e o clageyellele le lellekele. alesis 989 BIAGCKHEMIIS: assays Ol: tims OTS LOM. 5 55 ole) enoye pens eeue yore uesels/suace esiie.s 1466 PUI CED ee wT GM UMM ey eye stevens isles) eleva lcieyschetatele. «a 976, 993, 996, 1009, 1017 Tin in....975, 976, 977, 979, 981, 982, 983, 991, 992, 1004, 1007, * 1008, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1025, 1196, 1202, 1208a, 1207, 1208, 1213, 1318, 1364, 1466, 1506, 1616, 1646 @leveland smine, tim Wie. eieetis ore 6 op o1e weir, senor el ele tile! Badal 1004 @uster (County, Gm AM), ses cys oie oye orerohoyoue wie lekole kek bicdeket ietel-nek tees 1012 Bilkey Gall s Gime iisps cue )olaya els lot stoncrobelenare fare has 1008 FLAME, ea ka). sreikielsbaiei bbs: -Petsh sfend clebotete Lafade eke oncloks ce hel yale 0 petersteverersys tare 1019a Northen Hills, tin 4nlk! asttl exe teen ised. ads oh asd eG MOOS pA Olt EGTICSSE TUNE facie ois ale nlelchle MA oks «EAI terks iaield ls. thet cuobotatetey= 1616 Pennington County, tin in... 0... cee cee ce ede cls wet eevee ee 1012 ADAMO RY ELI eX tiny aah ott, ole stcoi'al of hide ohaysballars, ofete, cholo evel'sl sere es 985, 987, 987a, 1009 382 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 58 South Dakota—Continued. Retarence Blake on the Geology of the Black Hills tin district.............. 994 Blake on tantallite and columbite in the Black Hills............ 993, 996 Blake onstiniine Black, Millist essen nee 991, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 1202 Blakeyon ‘itta mines.) eee oe so on eo es ee EESE 992, 994, 995, 996 Bobslngersollclaim-atinzone co... Secs eee “a areal e Ho abk 994, 996, 1009 Carpenter on tingins black Etllsik.eee eee 998, 999, 1000, 1001 Carpenter and Headden on assays of tin ore from the Black Hills... 1466 Chance, on -tinvin: they Black sills. sctorcpaaee Dea eet ae eee 1002 Childs on tin in Harney Peak district............ ws bigs Sidiewe © fs ianeetete 1021 @laypole.on-tin: ingthe, BlackvE ills. ...0 ocseen eet pe eStore 1003 Guster (City, stinsawest. andsouth Of.: -oaeeeenoe eat eeEeEes Chis ney lo Te Dayjonitin instheys lack sills seiewr. scceterettusiarena ene 1005, 1208a, 1318, 1319 On tin’ in Cleveland mine; Black Hills. sst.nGs «ne eos oe 1004 Dogtown; tim catircisys ever ereiteeale ove oo bos, 6 ate eae evan SO OnE Cee 994 EFIMUTVEN'S OTE CLM TT ss oo cvatere vevelie wore. lee ove ater cotsrepeloloveloge coped ecetae rere 1006 SCT ANIM NOs sss ore revcte sienerenenatreeke evarons 922, 994-996, 1009, 1017, 1300, 1616, 1646 Garrisonvon! tintin the Blackbilils-- <.sccronccinn err cena 1007, 1207 GertiTe sPFODETLY | iovsiccc.Stoier oestexe sts ioe, 6 (30.16: 8 yes etaetohaeueenlclate ete Eee 986, 1009 Guenther’son: Cin: ims) eee. sei e 00,6 cosa bee seeker qeREER ee CELE 1326 Harneygieeal: sminememmece « saci ee ee 979, 981, 982, 983, 988, 989, 1205 Harneyn Peak Gina Gistwletcr. cic « sciaceceiere ec Kee EE: 1013, 1021, 1022 Harney Range, tim IMs ses «16 wie steerer arouse Shh aielele lah EEO eee 994 Headden on tin and tantalum in the Black: Hills...4 oss -..wide wc oe 1208 Headden on the Peerless and Etta tin mines, Black Hills........... 1616 Headden (Carpenter and) on tin in Black Hills................... 1466 Hession tin, stungstentsand tantalum) sim. ..si..25 sais ncisieiee eens 1009 Hoftmanton tinvdn Blak bill Sipyetere cto ciciets's < ciee aie chelncienet rekon eee 1506 Invine onatingin. INigeersHill: regione... os sco o ee nee 1010 Invinecon.tinin the northernvBlackseillls., 2-1. asurseuctecetoneerae 1010, 1011 Kemp iin’ Am:. sich rarterieveis, «.<10's avaketoncueca eich oto deneton toner 1016, 1020 M——————.. Hi.) von tinsinsthes Black Hills. 22.32 oce-- -cicue ick eetol 1012 Morsecon. the: Harney “Peaks timmamniteS.. .v.i.:sieuscisie sus cievel ores note neuerens 1013 NiseersEiuledistrict, tin llr cic. - coc cet 980, 984, 985, 1010, 1275 OtHarranon tin: in) the Black sEullsay. cbs cca snetere cielo etehoneree ciara eeeacione 1014 Pratt (Struthers and) on tin in northwestern Black Hills.......... 1020 R ON! Gm Lt ce eee ers ais.¢ 3 ove eve ee tareveloneterienehe nelson meuemeaatotoncte 1218 ROLE OMe CM ei sys 42: 5415, se Shee eee ek ob 8 Seahorse ae ee tte eternne eeeieaeter ae Si Rosen: On Gin Tey 6 2:55.5 215s slevehe re auavaied os tas ace Peete te ete rotede oe eetione eieteneterele 1000 Riotte (Bailey and) on Harney Peak Tin Company................ 988 S—————__, W.. H.,, on tin in Bear Gulch district................... 1015 Sadtler on tin in the northwestern Black Hills....................- 1016 Schaeffer on tin in Etta mine, Black Hills........ arb ath eS RATA or 1017 Simmonson tin, in Black; Hills). ..<.., 5 <, acids slew ecloctalete ) 182, 183, 458, 574, 575, 1642 LEIA w As. Wiss NG GS CHETLCL, WAL afd c1eve so heres ci carer n oe acta ets cite eter Metaicre as 1643 SUC ET ccrme LY ocavevcevauencxVeuskerey at shor apavel se sy sear steveh ch ay on. PO oy on he ho Es LS ASTBISESS 59 prophen, .(G.., MaIner: te mcerteLs nieials RU SOR Se EEL SHAS 840 SECTIONS) HE TAIN GI Sinyel stews vate tote vente tole ve seine fc tevoiteitons ve onthe ee eee eke ie aes 459, 460, 598, 728 SUOMI OTS sD ULE TY payexcyensuck cneyen ouetsh on cv sn evowsy an cteNsrovsbatsrevekousWakad chev otebetsPerdecholena orate ticle, che 461 SS BC TENET ag TAD OS ys Sears oe SENSU AN chk Oak ok OneSGH Wav ak vration'ex oe A ahlav ch nae el AIR ROAR eaE EE a SER PRD ee 938 SULCTINVOL ZEN 5 a HCA li syoxcnch.kaneponchonaeoneeePovenshexsverencton-vvcvercne) oranehaned chard eka Ht teal oeee. Aen 576 sSsernett, Dourlass -B; (Pratt; . 3. di), andi: 84) Aisne Her See 252 SHE VGTL Sg IDES. x stat ay craven cry shaven ae ober ot OVA otro Ah ote oV oy(ot'oh aia) at a) erie eel hal OO a Meate aha heuer ees 1363 SOON Cl Sa pI ONA CO ws dost oh ev'ohat Sh awop ouch ay ch anchorokorerchorenorsy ol abchon stan axethea tere, choke otcer ale ore ene =~ 185 Sy CVs A SS i tray te vert op 2h ctrok cx ooh ov acho av aV Shtah of eviel et oh otcet ovo) wi ch ation ov ddcha even chika: tishahe Mee don aoe Rete eats 271 UC Wicks sad PAR SLIM cle cree cra cave merci ti eeraNece te fe tore oceverei ewe, 6 as iece, enn iu bore eevee on Oo ret oman a 1188 Stewart Island, see New Zealand. Steynsdorp Creek, see Transvaal. Stibiotantalite, Simpson on presence in Greenbushes field, Western FATIS UMA Ta: es ccois ote oe O ctat hate eee te cele scioha is: Chale scadcabencuerets, one tMebanens Here 1267 See Association of tin with. Stibnite, see Association of tin with. LAT TS PT AINES ayaps ot crcteirst ovate cheneoreucteb bated one OR GAG che Midta Rieke cteieeonemeaels edad’ 1238 Stockworks, German methodtoftworking 2p 0tt 5. SAE. Sale slot harlot chore 398 SLOKES RAL NE (CSG)! vereieveycheveveyeys «lah custard beards MreMehedo al she Jestees 729, 730, 1132, 1133 SLOMESIEOH CU PSA is sh etn ioteh cheat tal otis Tat eerie taateseh cbicte tie nahatan Merete Pet emote 1299, 1300 Bell: Mount: field; tin: in. s224e. d.55% eae ae OPN cee sO oe ee, 1142 Shepherd and Murphy7s) ine +. 34.5 jvecrstere ener Meets ee treet « 1095, 1148 Benedict. on: Cini. imtywas ery EA A RE, PR SRS URS Re 1301 On tin deposits: Of si ses ieG NS SL eet SE obec act otenetet ated ara’, Ben Womond) Mts Rex mine. sires <=. slave ccm reise ataehe teks CHR etaRterRaeee 1098 Tink Gepoasit ats ceeds SMe wae we bcs ciel eas ele wre oleneteee Nes ekcceae £1355 2155 Blue Wier Gistrie ts ei) A esau ciecths aia sucucdehedessecbensuemsue ede aes e aoe 1141, 1162 Blue Tier mine, tin in....1087, 1088, 1089, 1108, 1109, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1136 Bonwick ‘on, tin’ at) Mount] Bischolf si 217. iets tslereleiereiere elaiete sail tenemenees 1075 Branxholm\ysGim catey cw rarheut stercia sleet heiatel aero retcnet easel creme 1062, 1138, 1162 Briseis: mime? tiny i acs cecvareneders aco sno ckalanevelela ciarareneleven 1062, 1064, 1106, 1125 NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—-HESS - 389 Tasmania—Continued. Reference Number Bropksteda! s Ein hel dys o.. veal aca rs Ook epueee setae ctanisrebsla: syehde nae 1091, 1106 Brothers’, Home mine, tin sini: Bedositl. seen ohh sity mineieyse fetus te 1062, 1104 ESTO WT, OT CMe UM oy ye cc shavsveyonaucioucpen sel Oh Laks PPeISa INNS le SAT STERDAS ACh AT pees 1307, 1308 Clark on tinsinsazncat.hocondee danethekes 23.5 Ate vbiedin tn 1076, 1076a Coshiantion) tim: ims 65.655 i. 4h acca tes kee om Abas: dee LOD SAGCTT | L679 Conder ONPLIM. TD saree seein 0.01900 is 0.4 leralas 30 SR RAOD OEE didiehe all, he Sts 1078 On Stanley Riverttingfieldiwja: 2 ahr lie. sam bk eesti. ses = <1 1078a On tin in the Oonah mine (Zeehan) and at Heemskirk........ 816 Cornwall mine tin Ins. asses eek eles UGiieh te lee eh ei aero e 1076a Counselmon Vein ime apace eteitaisisreuswe ene Cine rare a oo olesers Guaccte be eisimt dare eents 1079 Coxs Bie hietine elds viia cavercsavera mia wins) ovale evened aren a.eve ana stendhehnuee hacen ee 1147 Cummings, mine eesnes.!. seta pebbe LASF ee choke the keke. My she METS sey pete 1059 ACHAT CUNO Gi IMs ese as pe ph eoce selec ee ails aie 6 aleietare erate ene oiaia stoi atatorets 1313 Davey, on, Mount. Bischott: tin) mines. cit gasd- eis a laiorotelallebi stale a st ereVeun ba ueneenans 1109, 1141 Hchow mines Cit qitpeeye) Say sean cake. cdehefel ete chdycheteis ate] ol Seve ltt bio ale lar taeobearias 1089 Rnelishe on tinvatetountweisehost sis. sieeve chatoaide dts eines tevepn dens oh eve 50 RENT SOMA U LMT ter acheter, mesaveteiete etna! avaise eiafeiel cies sinha « GkdiscoNeVersl SebebenMeyererohe 1320 One MountyEISCh of MNS ais spy verve -usnehdlotade: tal sah eke 10838, 1084, 1320 Hircksjon, Mount, Bischofi mine)... msticich ersbeislanten - 1049, 1094 ERSTCOUCE-oidt he TOMAAGIH, TINS «cc wie c's pe we pee vielen Wl eehh cia aiedemehababstera out le hays 1134 OnetinratoBell MO UMN, «. .3.sdceyeierehee ise b hie ewlee we AIO Rte oe Lia ee 1095 ISOS Ke CIM ALY Sis. oe ts sls siciieis. 8 ave alls: «i's (sie alalelGlale SEM ee deeeielaten sthenerens 816 LSM IRVaRIU MING ee reer me reie statis) faiis reilstle eles etellnlete otis eile eee Ra MELA cyak eat Dien: 1059 Hunton Mount Bischoff tin) MINES s...1s.0h\0c01ss--evchetels flees ethleletinn. ¢ 1096, 1097 Imelandvon) timbering, at: Ben ommend Jos) Wated. Rate chet oe staclans 1098 OHMS COTM OTN GAT TIN se) 5 s/o ce cs eisicl sere ot Aberateeis a, mo ele OMS IRAE ELRY AERPs 1099 390 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS vou. 58 Tasmania—Continued. Reference Kayser .on the Mount, Bischoff mine... 2.0. ..4-.)uk. ee. 1100, 1101, 1152 Kayser and Provis on Mount Bischoff mine................... 000 ee 1102 Kilockman on Mount) BiSGhott anime: cyerctevercteserresct st onoscehs eid etanen edd Bee 1103 Latta on smelting of tin ore at Mount Bischoff, Launceston.......... 1517 Launcestony, tins smeltin es wOnks ca, Stoel aasl/shysicl «\feiloi'gy hotel's. ovayelte\ionelle 1062, 1070, 1106 Plummer on dividends paid by and future of Mount Bischoff mine...112la Provis (Kayser and) on Mount Bischoff mine.................00-- 1102 RAMOnM NOUN EMS ISCH OIE MMIC 12.6 « Sirus &/osecereied- ciaiclelarahcheis syokeseuchere teat 1122 Rath on Mount Bischoff mine.....- ara Beier seo cis sts Bes aeeRohee ane uctek pomene oie 1123 RO WEeLONMMOUNE BISChOM MINS. - « a-rtjo. = sys% cysus,s) oe steel yepehsie saps seks] ors 1127 VETS OTe Cll ernie ee taney spo sieopented a 2p os ap Hens otal fou apie jelteh cxymnstiny Shs! one neys 1064, 1146 Report of the Secretary for MimeS.,.....2. 8 cc cence sence cece eee eeeee 1124 REYCERONeStLCAmy HIM) LEOME, yrs tine) sy seele cide cievorek ie sepspass “irs cig ete rye 1411 COMPS ITIFS LING SPN aya em eave Tare aoa Tek are aiehe pal OES (acre yolks tetoheiekesoyate tens] teehee 57, 1354 Rickard on tin in Briseis mine, at Derby... ..... 0 )5. je. ee ewes wale ee 125 hRinearooma Valley, tin ink... ...).,.,.,.: Fearn cre 1062; 1074, 1111, 1129, 1139, 1162 Ritchicron Mount, Bischoit tinwmine.).. bast 5% saelste web fe fale -feerot 4 1126 VOU AOI: AMIEL tage ete gs aiele estas ieee task Hc ies LTA Ee seeder adsare » es ePaeale 1357 Rowe on Mount. Bischott tims mine. kas Bs ass Siecle cise) iether ale ft el - 1127 Stee elelensS GiStisiGt:; WITMMMeciAs, . LU) tute) alls ohots ct eha whe altvcleleikeye eteneilofene ‘1153, 1154 SPeLAMIS Plains, tins IM KILAS OF « SEIS . Ta ART. ct eradeteher ol tlers, stevehcbetla ret « 1114 Steebauls River tin! GEPOSIES oo v5 Fo de revere cratore toto cteroteralalelerersieicttiate «ie 1135, 1137 Sandeman on Mount Bischoff mine and Blue Tier district........... 1128 Scamander River’ district, tin! in foi. ec wet ne sie eee 1153 Schouten laine LIM OLE OM! 4.25.6 svt ossicles es cele + see «sive ele eee sais 1144 Shaw on Mount Bischoff, Blue Tier, Ringarooma, Gladstone, etc., tin NSM ep eee eran eter el oravercce rene! ch-citch easyer overs 'el'e/s)@) eusfieNehonelonenonekerersis 1129, 1138 SnowGen on Mount BISChOf MIME. 23.5 66 fe. ce oo ooo ole ele 001 e)eie «| eehaiens Sn See MOPC SMUT CM aris Saar a celles oncle)leyalevevals\- BS Eee Ne tos aieuelcpcle ehehetstaierenench kee ais 1059 Stanley River tin field, tin in.................-2--e0eee LOTSA Le T2 Saabs Stephen on tin production, 1877-1878 .........-.---eseeeeeee Mat wetel taea 59 ST aStokeean Mount Bischol MiING.o 2 Go)5 5.5 epee = avone cicielens 729 (30, bloes diss Thureau on Ben Lomond and St. lauls River tin deposits.......... 1135 On Blue Tier district........- Pad Manic aarherttsick eRe aaiotekakelonetehe ier sks ants Tne eaves OMe lM Al 2) o>) =! else orl ole cleo mle Wiats loka His lolsreisuatie aug/ate'nl Bystaiwh'RoVWlcale” ails 60 392 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS _ VOL. 58 Tasmania—Continued. Reference Number Twelvetrees on. Arba mine at Branxholm).42\,....:itbe ein. ters sine 1138 On” Badger. tint mines i510 % .t).. Sees Marla ta icteric alee eleiereees 1145 On “Belly Mount (rele siz. 5. 6 s.c,<0s Eiucioeue eas ace tp edoneneuencee evel everett pe ave 1142 On Bell. Mount, Middlesex: district Bovacieida- ce eeielcicsiale clekieree 1148 On’ Blue’ Tien districts 5535.6 Sed os i en abe Oa eee 1141 On’ Coxs (Bight ‘tin’ fields 2... 2. vaste Sites civ oucle elcicieetetele/elel eisilexe 629 Gaseuel on tin in rocks) of Tertiary age in’ Liad0Ss sone coe o sre vivre ciel’ 643 Lotti on tin deposits in Tertiary intrusives in Tuscany............. 627 Seymour on cassiterite in Tertiary granite in Mourne Mountains, MSGS Var T ert ecavercvetnite eth ctevecerclere hs 6, oat sve. ev eve tore vovete) auaisitotetal elevate skolletepoieys 606 Terubias, see Spain, Salamanca. PR CSCMORAGCHET lense renster verere atereretclorere avec.) ausiisue,steieras efeievelavelore ohevetalobe//auerersieiteye 750 Sine MmUSETA METAR SSeS Cue = ue ieereraycraiey aie eye ei si.s/p (aire) s eleve leer (6s) 6: ey'sehexelis eel ele) oLoieieleliers 1281 ES tates ce © OLIN GY sec UINTS Tiers pene cictey's vv a cisiisreTever sie) eters oc oks! «| sver sevens) al'aratey exekeralelale 1169 Chauvenet on-tin in the Franklin Mountains: ://.5../5.........:. 1164a Comstock ronebin’ INNEENETAK I. eta sis'els clave a a orc cisiclere ene 1165, 1166, 1167, 1168 ApeROMCHT MERIT HTMUe ear ceatel eeavenetnee ceetetiat eta’ e ctiajay cvai'siere,sLovevenstonese: sueKe ele cRelohelenets eyeheters 1203a WUT OrSsOW Cin in RTANS-— CCOSs ce ais a's « s/o clcrsic! cls ehe o tiei0 se: ella epers/erslielsjelers 1169 BME ASO: EM GePOSITS sce citns cies sete coe sists cess else ec sree PUTO! LAS A206 Mranklin- Mountains Stine im. see s/s oso). Sat. aN nie 1164a, 1169a, 1170, 1172 COMI MOM e GIN Dieta Aah ala oc ate thats tia tcl otal elise otet eiotenel ctolebelny aletel eretelicns airs 1213 Lakes on tin prospect in Franklin Mountains.................... 1169a MG LATI OGL HELEN G1 ac Gee chev ahsre mW cin tolelote ond lich cho Vaiss ole Ae lerere)e) © eleia/eie 1168 NVLcie sper ® Germ GY AULT ITeyer a oe, eusicrehs ste. sce reieve ees cloler ele) el sfevsleteh sie lal anaes 1168, 1169 Paviov on tin*deposits of El Paso). i002 oe lee eee ee tews 1216 Richardson on tin in the Franklin Mountains.................... 1170 Relaerw on tin Gn. els OAR! Wd Qo, peel (a rrOqnd 5 Chad. er a 1357 Sireerunnitz on tin in’ West Texas! OFeSe eles. ati cee veces wemteee ss viel TALE CCORsE tiTy LTS SATE Shae che efetec sieves sles ese sre es e's oe ceisisie ewig 1169 Weedeone tin ir Hranklin MOUNTAINS... 0s. cece ee cee stesso relies cai 1172 See United States. Thaiping, see Malay Peninsula, Perak. 394 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL... 58 Reference Number THEODAIGS. Wash. 5;ssecaso seiereie ee velats id. Seatane auc atte tere ele (eg Serene ans ee ee 202 MHOMAS TNC sean «stat Veveieheeetsie fal «lo vereire: algeshaneWanaioeue teveral eile ro ook SRA Een Oe eae 466 EHOMAS, WOHASE slic cccrcthetetr ener e te cede ates cco cADPR EN a nO ee 465, 1044, 1665 EHOMAS; VGRDONL cic x, .iecopsretaisie miso oiensvete fe rome alate Lares vere karen yeh ea ee 467 ‘Rhomas: elenberte ble: nceetsiois ep siroe 4 . ne ee PSH AS i: Johnson on tin near. Potgietersrust woe eawees. ah haere e omnes 1183 On the Rooiberg, Weynek, Dornhoek, and Potgietersrust tin GEDOSTES) soto aca bLAVR EIR BY, OLS Seah: SUES SIRE ES AAS caer gaol 2a Jorissen On intrusive, Srawaillesy ims sar a, Res Sek kta eee ae 1050 Kynaston on tin deposits of Zaaiplaats in the Waterberg district. ..1183b Lawn)on ther Doornhoek mines 3): cya ce cai oer arte er ond Gielnoher ct onleele 1183¢ little Usutu. River; tint on: watershed (of +...) +. secrciomnieicl sioner 1186 Dale al, Ytim. «ODL se a arci.cr 2 EA PETER, HAE oy A, SONI RE SIAL Aid tiers 1174 Jey DUEN ON MINES Tr Als RMS Ae ee Ns ease, pa LON Uh IRE SA, SEED A ea 1051 Merensky.on-tin in: Enkeldoorn-distriet..:s.42ssccceecc oP. ee 1184 On, Potgietensrust time eldservaapyew-ren-b-sorstore's tole otehoretetatetere re mic areca: 1185 On tin deposits of Rooiberg, Warmbad, Nylstroom, and Potgie- COESIUSE Peed srayeieeley stay ane tava al ats oso: sl iciie'o Sus fond ake ee eA eee 1184a Mills-Davieson) tin“ GepOSits: Of. 2.1.) cesconse o's om oe oat ee kee oe 1185a Nieiw Derr omni re ia gies hoseicces gone ok en Reger isa ete) SARA wat ere tte at as 1053 NyIstroom, stint, maimim's ate cscs ooo evel oe othe ety Se eet 1184a, 1185a Occurrence in. various districts) of 2000. 2.00025. 4 0s ee RT ee 1178d Poteietversnust; Cin Meare ches s ciello ois chats ota) oe ens 1183, 1185, 1189 TingdistniCt. Hea none tier Sata 2a, 1178a, 1178b, 1184a, 1185a Praagh on tin along Transvaal-Swaziland border and in Vlaklaagte and -Hnkeldoorn districts’...:. 1. o5.<..< aus aol ee ee teens 1186 PretorilavGistuict, Gimiallyacien.cerscstonsy-notevenenstaterstictctoke 1175, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1187 Recknagel on the two deposits in the Rooiberg district.............. 1186a Rhodesia, Rusapi! discovery ‘of tin, atVeiee ay. ORI, Foe. COL eee ae 1178k ROOMEPOOTE: Fin. MEPOST He, sins ox 01 covey ered ovanotanopancnanotetevenct acer onbhcle chan ometaie a moeaeay cite 1183b FOOIDERE>-Vimbaitires aetna estate Wcketonseaee 2a, 11782, 1178i, 1178j, 1185a, 1186a RoOoibensitins GEPOSiS as ss 06 <3 ie wens aeesal ten aiseses oH eee ee 3d, 1184a Rumbold on Bushveld tin’ deposits; 722.260) .o. gaen oni eee 3b Simmersbach: on; tin ini Pretoria Gistrictirayte 1S ..kiseskye a lcretrereee 1187 Stewart on tin on the Great Letaba River, Zoutpansberg........... 1188 Steynsdorp) Creek: stinon -watershed) ‘Of 2. sc. cnc els meses aie 1186 Stokes; om-tin: im)... sdeaterds « scesee sete ound Monee amos eee ae 730 Swaziland border tin alone. 22h. hese eRe ek eee ee eee 1186 Swinburne on tin at Zaaiplaats near Potgietersrust............... 1189 On, Waterberg: tim, Held). vLAA we Ah MHA Aa eae 1189a Tin} proguicineiGiskriCts: Of. vir was where AER Ee eee Cas cepeiae eters anes 1178¢ Viaklaagte; + tinnminiematsniin cet crrboheiniete cis tnee oe 1178, 1181, 1182, 1186 Warmbad tin district! :: i: i2.5052008)4 122 UNS LRT Se ATR EE es 1184a, 1185a Walterbers tint ates tees Re eet ils FO eee ee 1178g, 1178h, 1178i Tin\depositisy ssekisds sis hes Mele oreo hs Aa 3d, 1188a, 11838b, 1189a Weston on tin mining and dressing at Waterberg, Zaaiplaats, and ROOTS ths Seti sis Rhee ateres ove sal stisnetieuc a setae areseusls re ateyls ais /avulevaleteretersis 3d NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN——HESS 50t Transvaal—Continued. Reference Number Weynek, tin, at.iccsisssscscssasse3 Rey arerein s Abit Ale NRE RGR Sere a et ee 2a, 1178¢ Zaaiplaats tin deposits). 242.0. S228 20, % 3d, 1178e, 1178h, 1183a, 1183b Zoutpansberg, tin on the Great Letaba River in................... 1188 ZAwartklook «tin deposit .Avend, PTB ET Bb eiBOU Oh Fe), Re Ne es 3d See also Africa, Pretoria, and South Africa. Tras, see Malay Peninsula, Telom. PIMASCUSLET 6 AUD aiararoveinyeeai sy cue fovallor saucers o's elti‘e: $e ace ee ee a ee anne eg 1700 Tras os Montes, see Portugal. PPLCACHOL A Wiss edelccrleroie felsic cieieceie scree pion be 65 aN Ee Se (ah eLOA: fs 738 mrechmannes Gx cOss x vcaus ht td adh hohe ee cod Me Eee Cee aes ENE 1645 PLCC TRENT CHE OE A. hee gi ohene act arm tate tata a eee, cea & Utd Wa es teas MM ho) Ae « 476 SPE SESE LS Mm MITE Cer aren wets fey elrs se halacie Vora salle dene oto lers fete ecetotete tote ela rate Patrons 477 MEO SSELY 5. WWeatctetads taite tals wore hote MeO atone eter a tetele role tetetate SEK ote onsen at Same Wie Sat tects 60, 1667 Treloy, see England. FPRETTETHHCOLGs* Gre Be eh orck cho hate aeenor oho! anata’ olelelalot able leeletetefeterstotstenstetetstatel ete 203, 205, 206 Tremenheere;- G.- B. (lemon, Chas? andj? oY. Yee eiita ois, eos 196 PAR OUVETI NC CLC Grey. Eero ten ireie rraterel ete rere otore gt erate rave Wi oe lal oie Oeil aoe ora teveveleiele ales 204 UGE TCI CET CO BEd ok CV TINOUT calia'e craves re Pals Adavara tails (Sta%s << Jererole savas muemeaatotone mueledetetate 739 Tremolite, see Association of tin with. AVE OTL G11 ANG CM Led racpay er Rey teeN eves aiieve susiars! Shas chores) aviaiel ove gis: ale,ere erator aleve wis tel tases ore tare 844a Trengganu, see Malay Peninsula, Tringganu. Trereife, see Cornwall. Tres Cruces, see Bolivia. Trethellen tin works, see Cornwall. Rriassicuting inuvelns inswwuimestones Of THE... so. co «cet ss wise sale ceo cla ells 268 Tringanu, see Malay Peninsula, Tringganu. Tringganu, see Malay Peninsula. Triphyllite, see Association of tin with. Tripolite, see Association of tin with. Trojan war, Plinius on estimation of “‘ white lead” during............. 1408 Tronoh, see Malay Peninsula, Perak. Truro, see Cornwall. PURTaUIS CULAR) LO chy Cre estore AI Neal cherersl cee cla's ole co Bie ee oreih vintatale wi eababens ohuhe re bemmamecers 953 Tsementong, see China, Yunnan. Tungstate of manganese and iron, see Association of tin with wolframite. Tungsten: Associated with tin, see Association of tin with. ESM CoYMMMr Rene nie ear net niece cre a ate ote face Sate elie forte” ovrarte Mi elsc eve uevehs stieteve Toretcneuete rey ets 126a DelvyaixedesHentie on use in iron! And “SUCCs . icy. esses ore eres ers lore) cilaite 1476 Fairibault on occurrence of, with tin in Nova Scotia................ 227 Hess on deposits of, with tin in South Dakota.............. Ae 1009 Menmieche on separation (of, ‘from tin Ores'.%.).1.%/ rate tetele = 0 0 es arletore else os 1534 IN OV PES COUL Aare Se ai cc ain cetrle SaeeiRis aie wha oto rale har mito ove ita ehaleneioerers 227 Sadtler on deposits of, with tin in the Black Hills, South Dakota..... 1016 Separation frome tins. pis. i RA, QUA, OE ot ae eA, 15384, 1575 398 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VoL. 58 Tungsten—Continued. Reterenes South ‘Dalcota Gieinaa ses di ph did iubec arse ee cara ae 1009, 1016 Talbott on the quantitative separation of tin and.................. 1575 PPASMANIA: | 2. 2.5%; <})\hdipere ye hehe peters sia be steppe autbraeee ado eee 1095, 1148 Twelvetrees on deposits in tin bearing region, Tasmania........... 1148 Used) with: dromise. Pose lang th Geet «abe Sa Stee et ae 1476 Tuscany, see Italy. Tuscarora mines, see Nevada. Tupiza, see Bolivia. Tweed River, see Queensland. EWE OO Y Wear litera 3 eheiale Pee autncn eheretote none okol one id ecole oe veces Chesca 478, 479 Twelvetrees, W. H.....1137, 1188, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1148a Dwelvetrees:/W.cH sand WPetterd. We beesoee ooo: oer eae 1149 ‘Twelvetrees; Wr. EH. and oi wardydi Keith. cynics dele oon ee 1149a DLT x A epee aie eat ate Bice Saas a olin alo wolisve lates sie.co.auelde Oise arse CIEr Ore aT 1420 Tyre, tinva current commodity of commercewin: : aie bene soe ese 1380 U Ubangi, see French Kongo. Uelle, see French Kongo, Welle. WikexGTitusiy cic rcierccvove sayeuereresretereterelose clas 254, 1024, 1245, 1646. See also 1616 Wilriehy Gene Ve ah ies cis ote repalete este sate et Ee 845, 1150, 1151 Uncia vein, see Bolivia. United Kingdom, see Great Britain, England, ete. United States, tin im... 5.1190, 1191, 1192,4193, 11194" 1095. t96. 197. 1198, 1199, 1298b Beckiion ‘tin amiss. atari cise oid te aphecaeatar ac ead cee eee 1299, 1300 Benedict Oms tiny Miles aia 0:-. cs siaiees se Ot eeReereek A Ee eee 1200 Blakey Onv timid. sisi yves sc o:s.\snedsyeeae Meio eco eA STE oe ene 1201, 1202 Census report ,ometinadM.....\\ociss02 se. carted ae Pee crake ae 1221 Days (Om Ein, AM gi. v.pne Pees i's: a: icyaioropanate tetrav males Skis hacia Olakcl eeer 1203 D?Achiardi,on:. tiny Anetia+«/6 soe Rsk ee ee eee 1313 MOUgl as On Hein GiMk evrevals ccs ois aare eve, seyeteloiels ARRON Ee eee: 1204 EXIMMENS POM MU MAM syeke, 5-2 oveiiosuenanexedened cuss ©s, sailok eas eae ee 1205 Hmmons onggeolozical distribution of tinginike c..ceeeee nee eeer 1206 Ma WwOS'ZON, sLimsain cesees sepals MBs tous ous cohouerop cy ols vsusueseyes lous i Crn are LAER EAC tei 1320 Ruchsand,deaunsy,on, tiny in..cta. hi biesenioneseec bee Lee eee 1323 Garrison: Onitimgine st sca eueuceore chem eeuepars seeeieiae yo Me CE Cee 1207 ETOSS OMY Gin: TN Gy varie cite at a ucrerea ohae felis oa. Bouse Aas eeeuesepcue tone 1209, 1210,.1211 Importation of tin) from Bolivia discussed ..4- jeje. ctesie.s cients ier ee 139 Kemp, Om yti my Ans Cee eid acs 5, oc euahauans aed oto erbclc heke CLODROITe ete Re 1212, 1213 deuaunay. (huchssand)): on tinvine. ale. eelciciier ie ein oa ee 1323 Leonhard. ons tins Jie sci Sek stand ee acid oc & ds obit oe tae & eee aati 1214 Lesley on furnaces, forges, and rolling mills for iron in............ 793 No. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—IESS 399 United States—Continued. Reference F Number UO CRP OTE (LEDS AT eae ccte'ss kX eee IE OIG AH Te follow fs v0 fha sce seiale bavi 1338 TEOUIS OM ELT: TM ie sie ciete Hee a cA IR OTS. cL NMi Roe UA ere Maths SON OH: 1840 Ne wiaand!s Ora time Amrer.s f+ boss ratetertetelenetoteretotelonste tare tatatéletatovhh cits SMa «hee 1346 Ohly” ony tim ans oes cee abhte sterbtarano ENED, PLISAD, SOE 1215 PhillipstandaLouisvon imi ace Mee Oe eae reer eth eae 1350 IP TAR OM es Cina Titestarspatnets ets aortas an Manse RAR, UPot, Mc hhh ean TT Ane ee A 1217 EWAN SE OOTIM LLTI TI ys reese tet ape e ttre fatale: Man Dn ean STE INL oa 1218 UAV INOUE MOM pa LilayelM etre ters ewes ere eele ore als ray ot oR At LAT ete eer Tore 1219 VOU KermOMen ties soaps Sy qckele clctenase/ciiece. ts. oa) ool oer ease rere he tenets Rr 1357 SCrapmuinwrecoveredapinis ci senile c cdsiece acctusce &.grteseer eos Ren EIN eee ee 1497a SEGMENT SPAN dee rar ceOmmtins IMlerts a crtcicle stercci eis oatetie o cicteus enone ot cicne 1220 IWC OLSON UL Nee UI Men oupeyctey cic ct ley sie tate, alisvare ole) eves a: adel crs, suavonerdialave: Misit ico nucne Blake 1372 Whitney on statistics of mineral production of...................: 1701 See also Alabama, California, Colorado, Idaho, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Philippines, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, Washington, and Wyoming. Ora wvsUit Pn Gy COTE Oley vateved rere betel acstcictoteheie ci clecal oie le ieveyede as, aiauejer av'nauavsh are elale chatevel eves 480 Upper Graupen, see Bohemia. Upper Murray, see Victoria. Upper Yarra, see Victoria. Urals, see Russia. Uralsk, see Asia. Uranium, de Launay on occurrence with tin in France................ 518 See Association of tin with. Uranium phosphate, see Association of tin with. NOE? Sy EC ET ONAL 4, rotatte taceirecere tate reiferreire te oto he te %ce Have rovota ve ita tehe id 0 Wi ble wel eran ee aE DD 1366 Uses of tin: Appleton: on: earliest) American: coins <26sssc206520 58h SS Re RE. 1374 AEC Ob OMe reeset tree tater tot or ets) aletate Tels’ slate lat eT alate lene hice eco eS eee teen 1378 BO CTEMAAV CRLOM: ereer neni rie tai tis. orn (elsie eepeee ue ces hue aacahn le. ctleweue eaten: chal 1305 Coatine inside ot copper wtensils tin’ Tndiasy. 2% /.% cree ts cee ee ce eee 588 HE ChinwalSeraOMbrrerrarsaic eis stirs. orencrctsre 6 oveiever aia aos eee reieroxe.e se conctonesonenanelte 1321 FTC TSS Ay Cig TEL TLT EL Veal O Mircea ore ofiay 1 i 0) aviation ella) arre, 0: ace: 61: svialfene coicils leet silersiews, orsloneies 1323 Cn rearalin OMererstse tae can stn iouavel citepevcheist oaisites sys: et site lee st'e veh slic’ scla:wite elie) sile ioc oretuadenpliel ota 1324 SATUS OM OM ey atoteh evel uerereie ess. avaber oyeyecevver ek arer sy sisie) 6 oh's\.eijsete ve" 6, Gre Soeuer ete ane eae RRC ee RPE ame 1233 Braché, on. tin atehldonado). be sae oe seek ee Rela ee eee 1224 Bright; timvats oss 55d Caw: A erdatelaacelisteie els ordbls Cb blero Sea eee ae 1233 Bruthen, tin at Walls) Chunch; meatr..f iio t. aos. de era er ae 1228 BurrowacC@reek;. tinvoniioe cmscols we bee » oui ee es bre noee DER COREE 1233 Corner Inlet. tin fimomicck serereiats Giols os es cielo teh a acl eta 1232 Coghlan On tii AME Ae oe reystalerelsre avet sine «oy st eye ere pepoin eae eesiers or ereneTes 1677, 1679 Cudgewar district ysiingineecsseriisec cc cet sn cites 1226, 1229; 1233, 1237 DA chiar dijon: tine Gms qerc pines ccts ¥ yey 6! ¢. cack avo Mase OO ee Oe oS Davies tony Tim TMs Merc tas ioe etek vetevole de: 5,6 tevanenal vist a arene GAO ORE ei rane File Dry. Horest« Creeks stintonl scree sce aie «0 ees oherenetorlc tet ot ea ae ea eS 123 Eddy on tin on the Latrobe River, South Gippslandite copiers 1225 HT AOrad Os Gime ve patess wioiels chavs sac olevete nettle eheio eonenershe inch eaaree 1224 English on tin near Ovens and Albany and in Gippsland............ 50 HSkKdale, tims Bb. sisvoveese creviuctsoace ose ors wile Gees Caer ores ateaeee 1227, 1229 Halls Church; near sprubwen ine vers. ciclstcurcrtomtelemier ieee teterenieee 1228 MA Wis’ Onl Gin Uae etaorcte sess teve: 68 oi oa c0s wy oceths eaters lene ie erat orane ata anne Rene eae 1320 Brankliny tiny inom trrcactero.ciels core oo cinicie aan ere cies ree eaten nineteen 1232 Gippsland, tin in:.::.:.. PON sos SEE? Rae eee meee ae ae 50, 1229, 1237 Beenah} * Tim Weare es see Lee ee Rial ae Ran eee ee 1223 Frankdin (Rivers 7 tlm Onin. ees ek se Area ae nae ote 123 Latrobe River, tin Onl. vce se. ss emaiele erode Tare 12255) 1290, leo Mount’ Singapore on’ Wilsons ‘Promontory. . ce. voacae cece scree 1229 NO. 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIN—HIIESS 401 Victoria—Continued. Reference Number Gregory: on: thes Mount) Cudeewa: tinis.cic «eyo tts opawie tate