Historic, archived document

Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

In Cooperation with the
Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station

DEPARTMENT BULLETIN No. 1127

Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER January 12, 1923

SOME NEW VARIETIES OF RICE.

By CuHarLes E. CHAMBLISS, Agrononiist in Charge of Rice Investigations, Office
of Cereal Investigations. Bureau of Plant Industry, and J. MITCHELL JEN-
KINS, Superintendent, Rice Experiment Station, Crowley, La., and Assistant
Agronomist, Office of Cereal Investigations, Bureau of Plant Industry.

CONTENTS.

Page. Page.

TMG OOU Ch Ones = a ee 1 Descriptions of the varieties—Contd.
Conditions under which the rice va- Van Se eee oa eee 9
rieties described were grown___~~— il Watt el key aeeaeeeien, oie So ee ae 10
Description of the rice plant____-_--_ 3 avin = Serabeen ws Ses ai are eee nee 11
Descriptions of the varieties___-__~ 5 ELOnG tras 22 = oS eee a 1]
OTs Wun ewer Sn el eS ee 5 VAN eT OND DAV Ne eee es 2
/NCCNOHG 2 ee a ee ee 6 We TOS C2 Sear 13
IDYSS AT ES ee eee ere 7 Shiri k= = 2a Ser eee ee 14
mokalont? =e. ee ee EE 8 Comparison of varieties ___________ 15

INTRODUCTION.

This bulletin includes a description of the rice plant and a
botanical and agronomic description of seven new varieties that have
been developed in the course of cooperative experiments at the Rice
Experiment Station, Crowley, La., and of four varieties now widely
grown in this country. The agronomic performance and adaptation

of each variety, including a full description of the conditions under

which the experiments were conducted, are discussed in detail. The
commercial value of the milled rice of the new varieties from a culi-
nary standpoint is indicated.

CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE RICE VARIETIES DESCRIBED
WERE GROWN.

The seven new varieties of rice herein described were developed
from pure-line selections at the Rice Experiment Station, Crowley,
La., and grown under the same conditions as the four long- established
varieties which also are described in this bulletin.

The station is operated by the Louisiana Agricultural Experi-
ment Station in cooperation with the Office of Cereal Investiga-
tions of the Bureau of Plant Industry. It is located 1 mile west “of
Crowley and is within a few miles of the eastern border of the

10062°—23——1

2 BULLETIN 1127, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

prairie region of southwestern Louisiana, where rice is the im-
portant money crop.

The soil of the experiment station is the Crowley silt loam. It -
is the typical rice soil of the prairies in this section of the State
and contains approximately 4 per cent of very fine sand, 69 per cent
of silt, and 23 per cent of clay. It is of a brown or ash-gray color
and rather compact in structure, with a tendency to puddle when
plowed in a wet state. The subsoil, which les at an average depth
of 16 inches, is a mottled blue and yellow clay which is so impervious
that there is no vertical seepage through it. Levees that contain
much of this clay are practically water-tight. 3

The varietal experiments were made on tenth-acre plats, measur-
ing 2 rods wide and 8 rods long. They were arranged side by side
in series, each plat being separated from that on either side by a
5-foot alley. The series were inclosed by levees in which were
located gates that could be operated to discharge water into or from
the plats whenever it was desired. The irrigation water was ob-
tained from a deep well and conveyed to the series through ditches.
These ditches also served for drainage purposes.

The land used in testing these varieties was plowed in late
autumn or early winter to the depth of 5 to 7 inches and well drained
during the winter. Under these conditions, the necessary field op-
erations for making a good seed bed in spring consisted usually of
one double disking and one harrowing before seeding. A float al-
ways was used after disking. As a rule, this preparation left the
surface soil loose and finely divided to a depth of several inches and
made a seed bed which retained moisture so well that irrigation was
seldom used to promote germination.

The varieties were grown each year on land that grew soy beans in
the previous year. The beans were sown at the rate of 30 pounds per
acre in rows 44 feet apart and were cultivated. The seed was har-
vested and the stems and leaves plowed under. The vegetable matter
thus added to the soil greatly improved its physical condition. The
frequent cultivations of the soy beans served to control weeds, espe-
cially red rice. By the use of this legume, plant food in the form
of nitrogen was stored in the soil. No commercial fertilizers were
applied to the plats.

The rice seed was sown with a drill to a depth of 2 inches during
the first week of May at the rate of 80 pounds per acre.

The irrigation water was applied to the plats approximately
30 days after the rice plants emerged. At this time the average height
of the plants of the different varieties ranged from 8 to 13 inches.
Throughout the remainder of the growing season an average depth
of 5 inches of water was maintained. Fresh water was admitted to
the plats when needed to equal the losses from seepage, evaporation,
and transpiration.

The plats were drained when the panicles were well turned down.
The grain was harvested with a hand hook and put in large shocks,
where it remained for weeks before it was thrashed. The shocks
were strongly built to withstand the wind and so capped that the
erain was protected from rain as well as sun.

SOME NEW VARIETIES OF RICE. 3

DESCRIPTION OF THE RICE PLANT.

Most of the varieties of rice cultivated in this country belong to
the species Oryza sativa L. They are annual grasses with fibrous
roots extending outward and downward in all directions from the
crown, which is located about 14 inches above the lower end of the
culm. The distribution of the roots usually is
outward and very near the surface of the soil.
Under normal conditions most of the roots do not
extend to a ‘greater depth than 3 to 5 inches.
When grown without irrigation and before the
irrigation water is applied when irrigated, the
roots penetrate the soil more deeply than when
the soil is submerged. Adventitious roots (Tig.
1, 6) arise from the fir st, second, and third nodes.
They are more conspicuous in some varieties than
in others and often are produced under irrigation
when the water level is suddenly lowered or raised.

The culms of the rice plant are erect, cylindrical,
and hollow, with solid nodes. They vary in length
from approximately 2 to 6 feet, depending largely
upon the variety, but to a certain extent upon the
soil and probably other factors. The number of
culms to a plant varies greatly, usually ranging
from 3 to 12. The wall of the culm in the lower
internodes is thick. That of the peduncle, below
the panicle, is much thinner but still strong. In
color the internodes are hight green to yellowish
green. They are sometimes streaked with brown
or purple. The nodes usually are darker green or
brown.

The leaves vary in number from five to eight.
As arule, there are six, including two basal leaves,
one of which may wither and become detached
before the pliant matures. The sheath nodes, or
swollen bases of the leaf sheaths (Fig. 1, ae are
conspicuous and usually a lght green. The
sheaths (Fig. 1, C), which are open in part, are
much shorter than the blades. They are green Fic. 1.—A_ part of

and occasionally marked with purple on their Ne
inner surface near the base. The auricles are Be Ee SOWIE
sheath node (A),

hairy and prominent (Fig. 2, 2), and may be adventitious roots
light yellow or green, cartilaginous or membra- ee
nous. The ligules (Fig. A) are prominent, leat sheath has
2, been removed to ex-

heht yellow or sometimes heht green, acute or pose the adventi-
obtuse, and often split for their entire lenGt ite houses rey

The blades (Fig. 2, D) vary in width from a little

less than half an inch to 1 inch and in leneth from 16 to 20 inches.
They are erect or ascending, usually the “latter, and prominently
veined. Their surfaces are “elabrous or puberulent, though some-
times rough, particularly toward the apex. The apex is “acute or
acuminate. Narrow blades are characteristic of the short-grain
varieties of rice.

4. BULLETIN 1127, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

The inflorescence is a panicle, the main axis of which is smooth,
except toward the apex, where it often is slightly rough. The
branches are arranged singly or in pairs and have a somewhat rough
surface. The panicle is compact and drooping (Fig. 3), though

- sometimes it is erect and open.

The spikelets (Pl. I, A) are 1-flowered and strongly compressed

laterally. There are two small lance-shaped glumes (PI. I, A 1).

Fie. 2.—A part of two in-
ternodes of a culm of
rice, showing ligule (A),
auricle (B); leaf sheaths
(CG) and (#£), and leaf
blade (D). (Natural
size.)

These are keeled or flat and are about one-
third as long as the lemma and palea. They
often have a sharp tocth on one or both of
their margins below the apex. Insome vari-
eties the glumes are much longer and very
conspicuous. The lemma (PI. I, A, 2) and
palea (Pl. I, A, 3) are firm, chartaceous,
usually pubescent, and strongly compressed
laterally. They are of the same length and
keeled. The lemma has five nerves and often
is awned. Its margins are curved inward,
clasping the outcurved margins of the palea.
The palea has two nerves, which are located
very near the margins. The lateral and cen-
tral nerves of the lemma and the two nerves
of the palea sometimes are excurrent as short
conical teeth (Pl. I, &, 4), which are often
conspicuous by their color.

The flower of the rice plant is inclosed
within the lemma and palea. It consists of
six stamens and a comparatively long ovary
surmounted by two styles united at their
bases and each bearing a plumose stigma.
There also are two lodicules.

In the popular sense, the seed (PI. I, 2)
of the rice plant consists of the glumes,
lemma, palea, and kernel. Commercially,
the terms rough rice and paddy are used to
designate this thrashed grain when marketed
for milling. The lemma and palea consti-
tute the hull (Pl. I, B, 2 and 3), which
incloses the kernel.

The kernel (PI. I, C) or caryopsis is com-
pletely inclosed by the lemma and palea. It
may be oblong, elliptical, or almost ovoid in
shape. Its width (lateral diameter) is
never greater than its thickness (dorsiven-

tral diameter). The surface of the kernel is marked on each side
by two longitudinal ridges and one deep groove (PI. I, C29) ealsve
grooves lie near the ventral margin and are conspicuous. The

emmomyo (Grt- IC.)

is located on the dorsal surface and les

obliquely to the long axis of the kernel. In the short-grain varieties
it is approximately one-third as long as the kernel; in the long-
erain rices one-fourth as long. The endosperm is white, hard, and
flinty, though sometimes soft and brittle. It is translucent, but of-
ten has a white opaque area (P1.1I,C,2) within. This may be located

SOME NEW VARIETIES OF RICH. D

in the center of the endosperm, extending outward toward the
dorsal surface, or it may be located on the dorsal surface and extend
inward toward the center. In many varieties the opaque area, when
present, is located in the middle of the dorsal surface. It is com-
monly referred to as the “ white belly” of the kernel instead of the
“ white back,” which it really is.

The endosperm is opaque in the glutinous varieties of rice. These
varieties are not grown in the United States and only on a compar-
atively small acreage in the Orient, where they are used mainly for
confectionery purposes.

Tig. 38.—A panicle of Honduras rice.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE VARIETIES.

Eleven varieties of rice are described in the following pages.
Seven of these, Fortuna, Acadia, Delitus, Tokalon, Evangeline,
Vintula, and Salvo, are new varieties developed from pure-line selec-
tions, and four, Honduras, Wataribune, Blue Rose, and Shinriki, are
long-established commercial varieties.

FORTUNA.

The Fortuna variety is a pure-line selection from the Pa Chiam
variety, which was obtained in 1905 by the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture from the Department of Agriculture of For-
mosa.

The selection was made at the Rice Experiment Station, Crowley,
La., by the writers in 1911. The name “ Fortuna ” is derived from the
Latin, meaning fortune, and was applied to this selection in 1917. It

6 ' BULLETIN 1127, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

was increased from nursery to plat experiments in 1915. The plat
yields are given in Table 2. The variety was distributed in south-
western Louisiana for commercial growing in 1918. Enough seed
of Fortuna (C. I. No. 13844) was grown in 1921 to sow approximately
100,000 acres in 1922.

The stout green culms of the Fortuna variety are striped with
purple and usually number five to the plant. Their average height,
including the panicles, is 51 inches. The nodes are brown, marked on
their lower margin with green. The sheath nodes are light green
and marked on their upper margin with purple. The outer surface
of the leaf sheaths is green, streaked with purple, and their inner
surface is purple, especially toward the base. The auricles are mem-
branous and persistent. The ligules average five-eighths of an inch
in length. The leaf blades are , broad, averaging five-eighths of an
inch in width. The panicles have an average length of 114 inches,
and each bears on an average 187 seeds. Before maturity the elumes
are dark purplish brown, and the distal end of the spikelets is
purple. The stigmas are dark purple.

The seeds (kernel plus hull; Pl. I, D and /) average 10.1 milli-.

meters in length and 3.1 millimeters in thickness. The glumes are
light brown and distinctly notched on the margins. The hull (lemma
and palea) is pale yellow, medium in thickness, and thinly covered
with short white hairs. The apex of the hull terminates in two
dark-brown conical teeth, located on the meson, and unequal in
length. The conical lateral teeth usually are absent and when pres-
ent are inconspicuous.

The kernels (Pl. I, F and @) average in length 7.7 millimeters,
in width (lateral diameter) 1.8 millimeters, and in thickness (dorsi-
ventral diameter) 2.5 millimeters. Viewed laterally, the dorsal and
ventral margins are unequally convex, the ventral being the less so.
The distal end is obtuse. The opaque area when present is narrow
and located near the center of the kernel.

This variety matures in approximately 142 days and has produced
an average yield of 2.530 pounds of paddy and 2 210 pounds of straw
per acre. On the lighter soil of southwestern Louisiana it produced
9.199 pounds of paddy per acre. Acre yields of 2,775 pounds of
paddy have been obtained from it on old prairie land which had been

rested and closely pastured for two years. On new land in the

Mississippi River section of Louisiana near Carville this variety has
produced 5.366 pounds of excellent grain per acre. It produces good
yields on poor soil. When grown on very rich soil it shows a
tendency to lodge. Its grain is likely to shatter if harvest is de-
layed too long after maturity.

ACADIA.

The Acadia variety is a pure-line selection from the Omachi —

variety. which was imported from Japan in 1910 by a rice farmer
of Crowley, La.
This selection was made at the Rice Experiment Station, Crowley.
La., by the writers in 1911. The name Acadia is the name of the
yarish in which the station is located and was applied to this selection
in 1917. The selection was increased from nursery to plat experi-
ments in 1916. The plat yields are given in Table 2. The variety

a. eee ee ee Se ee

* ww esol? a ao

Bul. 1127, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.

ACADIA

e

SPIKELET, SEEDS, AND KERNELS OF RICE.

A, Spikelet; B, seed; C, kernel. Fortuna and Acadia varieties: D, F, H, I, Seeds; F, J, kernels;
G, K, transverse sections of kernels. (Figures D and H, natural size; all others, x 4.)

Dept. of Agriculture.

DELITUS

i

— EVANGELINE

SEEDS AND KERNELS OF RICE OF THE DELITUS, TOKALON, AND EVANGELINE
VARIETIES.

A, B, FE, F, I, J, Seeds; C, G, K, kernels; D, H, L, transverse sections ofkernels. (Figures A,
F,and J, natural size; all others, x 4.)

SOME NEW VARIETIES OF RICE. 74

was distributed in southwestern Louisiana for commercial growing
in 1918. Enough seed of Acadia (C. I. No. 1988) was grown in 1921
to sow at least 40,000 acres in 1922.

The slender culms of the Acadia variety are hght green and
usually number 10 to the plant. The average height, including the
panicle, is 50 inches. The culm and sheath nodes are dark green.
The auricles are deciduous. The ligules average half an inch in
length. The leaf blades are narrow, averaging three-eighths of an
inch in width. The panicles have an average length of 9 inches, and
each bears on an average 132 seeds.

The seeds (Pl. I, 7 and /) average 7.2 millimeters in length and
3.7 millimeters in thickness. The glumes are very pale yellow and
have entire margins. The hull loosely incloses the kernel and is
of medium thickness and yellow. Its surface has a burlaplike ap-
pearance and is thinly covered with white hairs, which are long
and conspicuous toward the apex. The apex of the hull terminates
in four conical yellow teeth. The two that are prominent are lo-
cated on the meson and are of equal length. The other two are
lateral, very short, and inconspicuous.

The kernels (Pl. I, J and A) average in length 5.7 millimeters,
in width 2.1 millimeters, and in thickness 3.2 millimeters. Viewed
laterally, the dorsal and ventral margins are equally convex, and
their distal end is broadly obtuse. The opaque area, when present,
usually is small and located on the dorsal margin.

This variety matures in approximately 139 days. It produced an
average yield of 2,884 pounds of paddy and 2,020 pounds of straw
per acre. It has produced 4,702 pounds of paddy per acre on old
rice land in the Mississippi River section of Louisiana and as much
as 5,155 pounds on new land in the same locality. On the prairies
of southwestern Louisiana yields of 3,800 pounds per acre have

been obtained.
DELITUS.

The Delitus variety is a pure-line selection from the Bertone
variety, which was obtained by the United States Department of
Agriculture in 1904 from Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co., Paris, France.

The selection was made at the Rice Experiment, Station, Crowley,
La., by the writers in 1911. The name Delitus is an abbreviation
of the Latin word meaning delicate and was chosen also on account
of its similarity in sound to the words “ delight us.” It was applied
to this selection in 1917. This selection was increased from nursery
to plat experiments in 1914. The plat yields are given in Table 2.
The variety was distributed in southwestern Louisiana for commer-
cial growing in 1918. The acreage of Delitus (C. I. No. 1206) is
small, as at present it is grown only for home use.

The culms of the Delitus variety are medium in size, brown, slightly
flexed at the fourth node, and usually number seven to the plant.
Their average height, including the panicles, is 53 inches. The
nodes are dark brown and the sheath nodes light green. The inner
surface of the lower part of the sheaths and the outer surface of
the sheaths near the base are purple. The auricles are not promi-
nent, but are persistent. The lgules average five-eighths of an
inch in length. The leaf blades are broad, averaging five-eighths
of an inch in width. The panicles have an average length of

8 BULLETIN 1127, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
92 inches, and each bears on an average 122 seeds. Before maturity
the glumes and the distal end of the spikelets are purplish brown.
The stigmas are tinged with purple.

The seeds (Pl. II. A and B) average 8.9 millimeters in length and
2.9 millimeters in thickness. The glumes are light brown and plainly
notched on the margins. The thin hull, which loosely incloses the
kernel, is light brown and sparingly covered with short white hairs.
which are more numerous toward the apex. The apex of the hull
terminates in two conical dark-brown teeth. located on the meson,
which are unequal in length and slightly bent ventrad. The conical
lateral teeth usually are absent and when present are very incon-
spicuous.

The kernels (Pl. If. C and /) average in length 7.1 millimeters,
in width 1.6 Paine and in thickness 2.4 millimeters. Viewed
laterally, the dorsal and ventral margins are unequally convex, the
ventral being the less so. Their distal end is more or less obtuse.
The opaque area is seldom present.

This variety matures in approximately 131 days and produces an
average yield of 1.862 pounds of paddy and 1.350 pounds of straw per
acre. Although its yielding capacity is not large, this rice is worthy
of cultivation on account of the distinct flavor of its kernels, resem-
bling that of pop corn. This character is not possessed by any (TLE
rice “except Salvo grown in the United States.

we

TOKALON.

The Tokalon variety is a pure-line selection from the Carangiang
variety, which was obtained 3 in 1904 by the United States Department
of Agriculture from the rice exhibit of the Philippine Islands at the
Louisiana Purchase Exposition.

The selection was made at the Rice Experiment Station, Crowley,
La., by the writers in 1911. The name Tokalon is derived from the
Greek, meaning the beautiful, and was applied to this variety in
1917. The selection was incr eased from nursery to plat experiments
in 1915. The plat yields are given in Table 2. The variety was dis-
tributed in southwestern Louisiana for commercial growing in 1918.
Enough seed of Tokalon (C. I. No. 51) was grown in 1921 to sow
6,000 acres in 1922.

The thick culms of the Tokalon variety are green and usually num-
ber six to the plant. Their average height. including the panicles,
is 50 inches. The culm nodes are brown: the sheath nodes green.
The inner surface of the leaf sheaths is ight purple. The auricles.
are deciduous. The ligules average five-eighths of an inch in length.
The leaf blades are broad, measuring five-eighths of an inch in width.
The panicles have an average length of 104 inches, and each bears on
an average 152 seeds. Before maturity the distal end of the spike-
lets is reddish brown.

The seeds (Pl. t1, E and F) average 9.3 millimeters in length
and 2.9 millimeters in thickness. The “glumes are pale yellow and
have smooth margins. The hull firmly incloses the kernel. It is
light yellow, medium in thickness, and thinly covered with short
white hairs. The apex of the hull terminates in four conical brown
teeth. The two located on the meson are prominent, unequal in
length, and bent ventrad. The other two are lateral anda very short.

SOME NEW VARIETIES OF RICE. g

The kernels (Pl. Ll, @ and /) average in length 7.5 millimeters,
in width 1,8 millimeters, and in thickness 2.4 millimeters. Viewed
laterally, the dorsal and ventral margins are equally convex, and
their distal end is obtuse. The opaque area when present is narrow
and located near the center of the kernel.

This variety matures in approximately 143 days and has produced
an average acre yleld of 2,443 pounds of paddy and 2,310 pounds
of straw. It seems well adapted to southwestern Louisiana, pro-
ducing larger yields on the clay soils of the prairies than on the
alluvial Delta lands. This rice shows a strong tendency to shatter
when it matures in late autumn. This loss may be prevented by
early seeding. Production on poor soils is greater from this variety
than from any of the varieties now grown on the Coastal Plain in
the Louisiana-Texas rice belt. On account of the white thin bran
of the kernel it might be used to meet the increasing demand for
“brown” or “natural” rice.

EVANGELINE.

The Evangeline is a pure-line selection from an unnamed variety
which was obtained by the United States Department of Agriculture
in 1904 from the rice exhibit of Guatemala at the Louisiana Purchase
Exposition. The selection was made at the Rice Experiment Station,
Crowley, La., by the writers in 1911. The name Evangeline is
taken from Longfellow’s poem of the same name and was applied
to this selection in 1917. It was increased from nursery to plat ex-
periments in 1914. The plat yields are given in Table 2. The
variety was distributed in southwestern Louisiana for commercial
erowing in 1918. No accurate estimate of the acreage of Evangeline
(C. I. No. 1162) can be made at present. It probably will be grown
more extensively on the Delta lands than in the prairie sections of
Louisiana.

The stout green culms of the Evangeline variety are slightly flexed
at the second node and usually number six to the plant. Their
average height, including the panicles, is 45 inches. The culm nodes
are dark green; sheath nodes light green. The auricles are prominent
and persistent. The lgules average three-fourths of an inch in
length. The leaf blades are broad, averaging three-fourths of an
inch in width. The panicles have an average length of 84 inches,
and each bears on an average 140 seeds.

The seeds (Pl. If, 7 and /) average 9 millimeters in length and
3.1 millimeters in thickness. The glumes are pale yellow and have
smooth margins. The hull tightly incloses the kernel, is light yellow,
medium in thickness, and thinly covered with very short white hairs.
The apex of the hull terminates in two conical light-yellow teeth.
These are located on the meson, are unequal in length, and distinctly
bent ventrad. The conical lateral teeth are usually absent and when
present are inconspicuous.

The kernels (Pl. II, X and Z) average in length 7 millimeters, in
width 1.8 millimeters, and in thickness 2.6 millimeters. Viewed later-
ally, the dorsal and ventral margins are equally convex, and their
distal end is obtuse. The opaque area often extends from the dorsal
margin to the center.

10062°—22—_2

10 BULLETIN 1127, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

This variety matures in approximately 122 days and has produced
an “peer acre yield of 2,027 pounds of paddy and 1,191 pounds of
straw. On the ordinary prairie lands of southwestern Louisiana it
produced 1,850 pounds of paddy per acre. It grows on very rich
land without showing a tendency to lodge and has produced acre
yields under these conditions as high as 3,420 pounds of grain. The
production of 2,500 pounds of paddy per acre has been reported from
the Delta lands of the Mississippi River section of Louisiana.

VINTULA.

The Vintula variety is a pure-line selection from an unnamed
variety from Ceylon which was obtained by the United States De-
partment of Agriculture from the Botanical Gardens, Georgetown,
British Guiana, where it had been grown experimentally for several

ears.

The selection was made at the Rice Experiment Station, Crowley,
La., by the writers in 1911. The name Vintula, composed of the
first four letters of Vinton, the name of a town in southwestern
Louisiana, and the abbreviation of Louisiana, with the letter u in-
serted for euphony, was applied to this selection in 1917. This selec-
tion was increased from nursery to plat experiments in 1914. The
plat yields are given in Table 2. The variety was distributed in
southwestern Louisiana for commercial growing in 1918. Enough
seed of Vintula (C. I. No. 1241) was grown in 1921 to sow approxi-
mately 10,000 acres.

The culms of the Vintula variety are medium in size, green, and
usually number seven to the plant. Their average height, including
the panicles, is 51 inches. The culm and sheath nodes are green. The
auricles are conspicuous and deciduous. The ligules average five-
eighths of an inch in length. The leaf blades are broad, averaging
half an inch in width. The panicles, which are more or less open,
have an average length of 10 inches, and each bears on an average 145
seeds,

The seeds (Pl. III, A and /) average 9.6 millimeters in length
and 3.1 millimeters in thickness. The glumes are pale yellow and
have smooth margins. The hull loosely incloses the kernel, is thin,
and sparingly covered with short white hairs. The apex of the
hull terminates in two conical light-yellow teeth. These are located
on the meson, are unequal in length, and slightly bent ventrad.
The conical lateral teeth usually are absent and when present are
inconspicuous.

The kernels (Pl. ITI, C and 7?) average in length 7.2 millimeters,
in width 1.8 millimeters, and in thickness 2.6 millimeters. Viewed
laterally, their dorsal and ventral margins are unequally convex,
the ventral being the less so. Their distal ends are obtuse, but
sharply curved toward the ventral margin. The opaque area is
never prominent and when present is narrow and located on or near
the dorsal margin.

This variety matures in approximately 123 days and has pro-
duced an average acre yield of 2,086 pounds of paddy and 1,149
pounds of straw. It has yielded slightly over 2,000 pounds of
grain per acre on the lighter prairie soils of southwestern Louisiana
and has averaged about 4,000 pounds per acre on the Delta lands of
the Mississippi River section of the State.

SOME NEW VARIETIES OF RICE. 11
SALVO.

The Salvo is a pure-line selection from the Djember variety, which
was obtained by the United States Department of Agriculture in
1904 from Charles A. Franc, Soerabaya, Java.

The selection was made at the Rice Experiment Station, Crowley,
La., by the writers in 1911. The name Salvo is derived from the
Latin, meaning safe, and was applied to this selection in 1917. The
selection was increased from nursery to plat experiments in 1914. The
plat yields are given in Table 2. The variety was distributed in
southwestern Louisiana for commercial growing in 1918. The acre-
age of Salvo (C. I. No. 1297) is not definitely known, as at present
it is grown only for home use.

The stout culms of this variety are green and usually number six
to the plant. Their average height, including the panicles, is 51
inches. The culm nodes are green, marked with brown; the sheath
nodes are light green. The auricles are conspicuous and persistent.
The ligules average three-fourths of an inch in length. The leaf
blades are broad, averaging three-fourths of an inch in width. The
panicles have an average length of 10} inches, and each bears on an
average 143 seeds.

The seeds (Pl. III, # and /’) average 10.3 millimeters in length
and 3.1 millimeter in thickness. The glumes are brown and have
smooth margins. The hull, which loosely incloses the kernel, is
light yellow and medium in thickness. Its surface is thickly covered
with short white hairs, which obscure in part its burlaplike appear-
ance. The apex of the hull terminates in two conical purple teeth,
which are located on the meson. These are unequal in length and
bent ventrad. The conical lateral teeth are usually absent and when
present are very inconspicuous.

The kernels (Pl. IT], G and 77) average in length 7.7 millimeters,
in width 1.9 millimeters, and-in thickness 2.4 millimeters. Viewed
laterally, the dorsal and ventral margins are unequally convex, the
ventral margin being the less so. The distal end is obtuse and
slightly curved toward the ventral margin. The opaque area is
narrow and located near the center.

This variety matures in approximately 144 days and has produced
an average acre yield of 1,774 pounds of paddy and 1,790 pounds of
straw. It seems to be well adapted to the lighter soils of south-
western Louisiana. Salvo, like Delitus, has a pop-cornlike flavor.

HONDURAS.

The name Honduras was applied to a long-grain rice that was
imported from Honduras into Louisiana through commercial sources,
probably as early as 1890. On account of its productiveness it soon
supplanted the Carolina varieties on the Delta lands of the State
and ljater was introduced into southwestern Louisiana, where it was
the leading variety as long as new land was available for rice culture.
It probably is a strain of the Creole variety, which is extensively
grown in Morelos, Mexico.

The very stout green culms of the Honduras variety usually num-
ber five to the plant. Their average height, including the panicles,
is 54 inches. The culm nodes are dark green; sheath nodes light
green. The auricles are deciduous. The ligules are three-fourths of

12 BULLETIN 1127, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

an inch long. The leaf blades are broad, averaging five-eighths of
an inch in width. The panicles (Fig. 3) have an average length of
93 inches, and each bears on an average 157 seeds.

The seeds (PI. III, 7 and /) average 10 millimeters in length and
3.4 millimeters in thickness. The glumes are pale yellow and have
smooth margins. The hull loosely incloses the kernel, is hght yellow,
and medium in thickness. Its surface has a burlaplike appearance
and is thinly and evenly covered with white hairs. The apex of the
hull terminates in four conical light-yellow teeth. The two that are
prominent are located on the meson, the dorsal one being the longer
and sometimes spinelike. This conical tooth may develop into an
awn when the variety is grown on very rich soil. The other two are
lateral and small.

The kernels (Pl. III, A and Z) average in length 8 millimeters,
in width 1.9 millimeters, and in thickness 2.8 millimeters. Viewed
laterally, the dorsal and ventral margins are equally convex, and
the distal end is obtuse. The opaque area, when present, is usually
located on or near the dorsal margin.

This variety matures in approximately 123 days and has produced.

an average acre yield of 1,834 pounds of paddy and 2,363 pounds

of straw. It is the principal long-grain rice grown in Louisiana, ~

Texas, and Arkansas. It has yielded at the rate of 1,914 pounds
of paddy per acre on the Delta lands of the Mississippi River in
Louisiana and as high as 2,045 pounds of paddy on new prairie
lands in Arkansas. When grown on land that has been cropped
too heavily to rice, it produces low yields of paddy, often too in-
ferior in quality to make a good milled product. Because of its
lack of productiveness on the poorer lands, the acreage of Hon-
duras rice has been greatly reduced in southwestern Louisiana.
In the Mississippi and Teche River sections of Louisiana this vari-
ety produces its maximum yields and should be grown there on a
larger acreage.

The milled product of this rice always has a ready market. Its
popularity is due to the fact that the kernels do not form a paste-
like mass when boiled. These properties are highly valued by those
who eat rice regularly. This class of consumers also uses the broken

as well as the whole kernels of this variety, which indicates rather |

strongly that something more is necessary than a whole kernel (head
rice) to make an attractive and palatable dish of rice.

WATARIBUNE.

The Wataribune variety was grown for the first time in this
country at Webster, Tex., in 1908, by S. Sabaira, a Japanese farmer,
who imported the seed from J apan. The seed from this crop was
sold by J. A. Lambert, Houston, Tex., under the name “ Watari.”
Although a rice of high- yielding capacity and excellent quality, it
has never been grown extensively in Louisiana, Texas, and Arkansas.
Wataribune and selections from it are the principal varieties culti-
vated in California.

The rather thick culms of this variety are light green, streaked
with dark green, and usually number eight to the plant. Their
average height. including the panicles, is 43 inches. The culm nodes

=

Bul. 1127, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. PLATE III.

VINTULA

SEEDS AND KERNELS OF RICE OF THE VINTULA, SALVO, AND HONDURAS
VARIETIES.

A,B, E, F, I, J, Seeds; C, G, K, kernels; D, H, L, transverse sections of kernels. (Figures 4, £,
and /, natural size; all others, X 4),

Bul. 1127, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. PLATE IV.

SEEDS AND KERNELS OF RICE OF THE WATARIBUNE, BLUE ROSE, AND
SHINRIKI VARIETIES.

A, B, EF, F, I, J, Seeds; C, G, K, kernels; D, H, I, transverse sections ofkernels. (Figures A,
E, and J, natural size; all others, x 4.)

SOME NEW VARIETIES OF RICE. 153)

are dark green streaked with lght green, the sheath nodes light
green. The auricles are persistent. ~The ligules are five- eighths
of an inch in length. ‘The leaf blades are narrow, averaging three-

eighths of an inch in width. The panicles have an average length
ot ga inches, and each bears on an average 137 seeds.

The seeds (PL IV, A and 4) average 7.4 millimeters in length and
3.7 millimeters in thickness. The olumes are pale yellow and have
smooth margins. The hull, which loosely incloses the kernel, is light
yellow and medium in thickness. Its surface has a burlaplike appear-
ance and is thinly covered with white hairs. These hairs are longer
and more conspicuous toward the apex and are usually prominent « on
the veins. A light-yellow awn with a very short conical yellow tooth
at its base on each side is characteristic of the var iety. Theawn varies
in length from 10 to 26 millimeters, is deciduous, and sometimes not
present on all spikelets of the panicle. When the awn is absent, the
apex of the hull terminates in four conical yellow teeth. The two
that are prominent are located on the meson and are unequal in
length, the longer one lying dorsally. The other two are lateral and
rather short.

The kernels (Pl. 1V, C and ) average in length 5.5 millimeters, in
width 2.1 millimeters, and in thickness 3.2 millimeters. Viewed later-
ally, their dorsal and ventral margins are equally convex, and their
distal end is broadly obtuse. The opaque area when present is small
and is located on or near the dorsal margin.

This variety matures in approximately 137 days and has produced
an average acre yield of 2,/27 pounds of paddy and 1,/77 pounds of
straw. It may be grown on the poorer prairie lands of ‘Louisiana and
Texas with more profit than may be obtained from Blue Rose, which
has a longer period of growth and requires richer soil for high pro-
duction... Wataribune rice should not be sown on very rich soil, for
under such conditions it shows a tendency to lodge.

BLUE ROSE.

The Blue Rose variety is the result of a selection made by Sol.
Wright, of Crowley, La., from an unknown variety which was found
by Pan Shoemaker, also of Crowley, La., in 1907, in a field of a
Japanese rice that he was growing east of Jennings, La., near the
Mermentau River. Many plants of this unknown variety were cut
at maturity by Mr. Shoemaker and given by him to Mr. Wright, who
es a strain which he later offered for sale under the name Blue

ose

The stout light-green culms of this variety are striped with dark
green and usually number seven to the plant. Their average height,
including the panicles, is 44 inches. The culm nodes are dark ereen ;
sheath nodes light green. The auricles are deciduous. The ligules are
half an inch long. The leaf blades are broad, averaging five- eighths
ofan inch in width. The panicles have an average leneth of 84 inches,
and each bears, on an average, 144 seeds.

The seeds (PI. IV, & and “F ) average 8.7 millimeters in length and
3.4 millimeters in thickness. The olumes are pale yellow and have
smooth margins. The hull loosely Hncloses the kernel and i is yellow
and thick. Its surface has a burlaplike appearance Bue is thinly

14 BULLETIN 1127, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

covered with long white hairs which are longer and more numerous
toward the apex. The apex of the hull terminates in four conical
pale-yellow teeth. The two prominent ones are located on the meson,
are unequal in length, and are slightly bent ventrad. The other two
are lateral and very short.

The kernels (Pl. IV, G and #7) average in length 6.6 millimeters,
in width 1.9 millimeters, and in thickness 2.8 millimeters. Viewed
laterally, the dorsal and ventral margins are equally convex, and the
distal end is obtuse. The opaque area when present is small and
located on or near the dorsal margin.

This variety matures in approximately 148 days and has produced
an average acre yield of 2,086 pounds of paddy and 2,520 pounds of
straw. Although it has the longest growing period of any of the
varieties cultivated in this country, Blue Rose is preferred in the
Southern States to the more productive Japanese varieties because
of the general similarity of its kernels to those of the Honduras
variety, which is so widely known and valued as a rice of excellent
cooking quality. It lacks, however, the culinary properties of Hon-
duras rice, but it produces a larger yield of head rice, upon which,

unfortunately, the miller has placed too high a premium. Large ©

mill yields are important, and varieties that can produce them are
desirable, but a rice must also possess certain qualities for table use
before it can become a highly marketable product for the occasional
as well as the daily consumer.

SHINRIKI.

The principal introduction of the Shinriki variety was made from

Japan in 1902 by Dr. S. A. Knapp, then an agricultural explorer of |

the United States Department of Agriculture. Prior to 1910 Shin-
riki was probably the best known of the Japanese varieties grown in
Louisiana and Texas.

The slender wiry culms of this variety are light green and usually

~ number 13 to the plant. Their average height, including the panicles, |

is 37 inches. The culm and sheath nodes are hght green. The
auricles are deciduous. The ligules are half an inch long. ‘The leaf
blades are very narrow, averaging three-eighths of an inch in width.
The panicles have an average length of 8 inches, and each bears on
an average 105 seeds.

The seeds (Pl. IV, 7 and /) average 7.3 millimeters in length and
3.6 millimeters in thickness. The glumes are pale yellow and have
smooth margins. The hull, which loosely incloses the kernel, is hght

yellow and medium in thickness. Its surface has a burlaplike ap-_

pearance and is thinly covered with short white hairs, which are
longer and more conspicuous toward the apex. The apex of the hull
terminates in four conical light-green teeth. The two prominent
ones are located on the meson and are unequal in length. The other
two are lateral and very short.

The kernels (Pl. IV, XH and Z) average in length 5.4 millimeters,
in width 2.1 millimeters, and in thickness 3.1 millimeters. Viewed
laterally, the dorsal and ventral margins are equally convex, and the
distal end is broadly obtuse. The opaque area is seldom conspicu-
ous and when present is located on the dorsal margin.

SOME NEW VARIETIES OF RICE. 15

This variety matures in approximately 143 days and has produced
an average acre yield of 2,500 pounds of paddy and 1,734 pounds of
straw. It is not grown on a large acreage in the United States,
mainly because its culms are too short to be cut with a binder with-
out the loss of some grain, even when the plants produce a normal
yield. This loss, of course, does not occur in Japan, where the variety
is extensively grown, because the crop is cut with hand hooks. The
Shinriki and Sicanune varieties are usually quoted as “Japan
rice” in the southern rice markets of the United States.

COMPARISON OF VARIETIES.

The stems and foliage of the varieties described, except Delitus,
Evangeline, Vintula, and Honduras, retain their green color after
the grain ripens. Usually the entire plant of these four varieties
matures rapidly, the leaves turning yellow as the grain ripens.

Uniformity in the size of the seed is strikingly characteristic of
the Fortuna, Acadia, Delitus, Tokalon, Wataribune, and Shinriki
varieties. The seeds on the lower part of the panicles of Evangeline
and Honduras often vary in size. When grown on poor soil, Evan-
geline, Honduras, and Blue Rose often produce stunted panicles,
bearing imperfect seeds. The dimensions of the seeds of all varieties
are shown in Table 1.

None of these varieties shows complete resistance to the fungous
disease (rotten-neck) caused by Péricularia oryzae Br. and Cav.
_Honduras is very susceptible, and all of them may be seriously af-
fected by this disease if they are left uncut too long after maturity.
The conditions which produce the straighthead disease have no ef-
fect upon Fortuna and Vintula, as so far observed.

TABLE 1.—Average dimensions of seeds and kernels of seven new and four long-
established varieties of rice grown at the Rice Experiment Station, Crowley,
La.

[Thickness=dorsiventral diameter; width=lateral diameter.]

Dimensions (millimeters).

Class and variety. GE No: Seeds (spikelets). Kernels.
Length.| TRC | Width. Length.) Thick-) width.
Long-grain varieties: |
BORG aye eee eet noe US A M4 10.1 3.1 2.1 16C 2.5 iL
AST ti See eee pee 6 aye Pe te al 1206 8.9 2.9 2.0 Todl 2.4 1.6
Walealaunren eer sa ee ee Oe. LS on dE | 51 9.3 2.9 2.1 weS 2.4 es
IncEM CLIN Cee ety aaah Oe S28 | 1162 9. 0 3.1 2.1 7.0 2.6 18
‘Na 6 ARS ASE I a eS se a i A 1241 9.6 3.1 2.0 «2 2.6 1.8
SRihnte - aoe Ls ee ee ee | 1297 10.3 3.1 2.1 ENG 2.4 1.9
ROH UTE Sten pa es Se eS Rat Soe | 1643 10. 0 3.4 2.3 8.0 2.8 1.9
Medium-grain variety: |
HELD YES LRECO GSS eS oe a ee | 1962 8.7 3. 4 2.1 6.6 2.8 1.9
Short-grain varieties:
LoS Tees = a er eee ee 1988 (he? 3.7 2.5 5.7 3.2 | Dall
uA OUIMe. toes eS ee Sse hs. is: 1561 7.4 3.7 2.5 5. 5 3. 2 | Dal
SUS OS ae Seo See Oe a ee ee 1642 7.3 3.6 2.3 5. 4 Sell) meal:

Losses from shattering may be greatly lessened by the prompt har-
vesting of varieties that are known to thrash easily and by the early

16 BULLETIN 1127, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

seeding of varieties which have a long growing period. The long-
erain varieties, which are late in maturing, show a greater tendency
to shatter their grain than the short-grain rices that ripen at the
same time. The early-maturing varieties, which as a rule have long
grains, seldom shatter unless lett standing too long after the irriga-
aon water has been drained from the field. When maturity occurs
in late autumn there always is greater shattering, regardless of the
variety of rice. The agronomic characters, including yield, of the
11 varieties here described are given in Table 2.

TABLE 2.—Averdge agronomic data and annual and average yields of seven nei
and four long-established varieties of rice groiwn on tenth-aere plats at the
rice Experiment Station, Crowley, La., dwring periods of varying length in
the 9-year period from 1913 to 1921, inclusive.

AVERAGE AGRONOMIC DATA.

|

| | Time to

Date of— maturity

| | (days) from— Days of
Class and variety. C.I.No. sub-

| ; mer-
| See lanier es | First |Matur-| Seed- First gence.

: mer- | head- ~ ae head-
ne: | Bence: gence. | ing. | ity. ants: ing.
Long-grain varieties: May May | June | Aug. | Sept. |
Honbaiia see ee | 1344 2 17 17 | 20 yi eT Ee 32 96
WelWtuSs.= = ee eee 1206 a 19 15 7 12 131 | 36 89
Mokalonrss. 8-8 oe 51 3 17 17 23 23 143 31 98
®vangeline.---..-2..-:- 1162 | 3 17 18 3 2 122 30 76
Wantulatss-eos- {eee 1241 | 2 17 15 3 2 123 30 79
SalViO-ee ees ate were 1297 | 3 18 17 21 24 14 34 99
i onguras == nee 1643 3 17 16 3 3 123 31 79
Medium-grain variety:
BIMeVROSE S35- 2 oa ea ee 1962 1 19 19 26 26 148 31 99
Short-grain varieties:
‘Acadia. JOR eS Se See 1988 3 17 18 16 19 139 34 93
Watanibunes see pee es 1561 3 18 16 14 17 137 34 93
Shinriki.....- Ab hes xeon 1642 3 20 17 19 23 143 34 98
Dimensions (inches). Weight of product (pounds).
Height of Hercers wa =
Culms plant at— Pees | Acre yield. Hulls
Class and variety. |e eee in
lant. Length: pans |= | ssa
p of pan- icle. Per 100
Date of ae ‘Aig bushel. pounds
sub- Matu- 5 oe] E f
| mer- | rity.) | pooRuES Si paddy.
gence.
Long-grain varieties:
HONEA Soe ae eet we 5) 13.4 Si le 50 187 | 2,530 | 2,210] 43 21.0
iDelihuSS==45.55-2 4 Cf Be) 33 9. 70 122 | 1,862 | 1,350 } 43 22.0
hokaloneee . see eeee 6; 14.3 50 | 10.35 152 | 2,443 | 2,310 | dt 18.2
Byangeline-= 2. 222-22 ey |) IGES 45 | 8.50 140 2,027 | 1,191 44 21.6
Wait alae ne ee | Z| 12:9 51 | 10.00} 145}; 2,086] 1,149 42; 20.6
Salvauees: eter le 6 11.9 5 | -10.50.| > 143) 1,774) 1,790| 4 | Sas
Hondurase eee se Di leeloso 54] 9.75 | 157 | 1,834 | 2,363 | 41 | 20.6
Medium-grain variety |
BIGevR OSCR fem eee ee 7 14.5 44 | 50 | 144 | 2,086; 2,520 | 4 20.6
Short-grain varieties |
A CAG A ee eee eee 10 |. 12.3 50 8.98 | 132 | 2,884 2,020 | 44 17.2
Watanbuneceses ssa | 8 10.6 43 8. 65 | 1ST | 25427 | SL are 44 18.0
Shinnika 432 eeo eee 13/ 88 37 8. 00 105 | -2,500 | 1,734 46 19.0
1 Including panicle

/

SOME NEW VARIETIES OF RICE. 7

ANNUAL AND AVERAGE YIELDS.

Yields per acre, poungs.]

Annual.

Class and variety. :
1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 192]

Long-grain varieties:

HORUS eee ee 8 FSS cee eco) se aes 15905)" 25730) |) 3542051735020 | 25750) 15 900:|.. 2,300
DeliGuste ees a= 2s on ee reese PAG 1, 9805) 210.) 99955, PSA Oc dez1On|) 12-220 2,780
Mokalonz---===- Pipe cen ae Bi AS ee 25550 | 2,350 | 2,870] 2,550 | 25680 | 2;050 2,050
Pyancelne= 2322s [ere ak 1,660 | 2,650} 1,890} 1,798} 2,010} 2,530} 1,430 2, 250
MATGilae ede o2 ee {eee 2,800 | 2,240} 2,085 |. 13457 | 2,070 |} 2,140} 15310 2,590
av Os rate Ss en es 2,610 | 15500 | 25130} 1,760] 2,060 |- 1,590 | 1,150 1,390
POG Uras oe keer 1,850 | 1,500} 1,900} 2,230] 1,920; 2,000; 1,470} 1,900 ‘1,740
Medium-grain variety:
ES THeSROSC ners | Sarees seer me TS 8Se |e 3,130 | 2,770} 1,690} 1,290 1,750
Short-grain varieties:
ACACIA ies eee SSS gull lg eae s Je ey Se 3,665 | 3,610} 2,910] 2,620) 2,170 2, 330
Wiatanibumel=-4.0 5-25 92 2,570 | 2,180 | 2,833] 3,530] 1,894} 3,390] 3,080 | 3,240 1,830
SUNT ae = ee ee 2,700 | 2,180 | 2,500 | 2,590 | 2,362] 2,980] 1,900) 2,960 2,330

Average for years stated, dates inclusive.

|
= 6 years, | ~ 9
3 years, 6 years, 19i5and | “years, 8 years, years,

1917 to 1916 to 1917 to 1915 to 1914 to 1913 to

Class and variety.

1921. 1921. 1921. 1921. 1921. 1921.
Long-grain varieties:
Romie eee 2,678 2, 687 2,497 DAS) eset oe ea es ra
DULLER Sees Sw cece og Bee eee ce Se 1, 761 1, 803 1, 798 1, 828 G6 24s eee
TOR oy tie eS aa ee ce pet ee 2,440 2,425 2,459 DAA ates | ee eae we
Pepe reine. (ie et) 2, 004 1, 985 2,111 2,080 2 OTs nee
“TOURT ES Sas ENE eae Sane epee at 1,913 1,942 1,968 1,985 Za0SBs [ayaa eee
SEED AS pw leat a ren ea 1, 590 1, 680 1,575 1, 654 DTA |e
EManiretasuacs eee eo SE VE gee 1, 806 1,877 1, 822 1,880 1, 833 1, 834
Medium-grain variety:
ETE BICOSG oy = Sete ae Ee eRe Ded26- | eee 2 2086)i| 252 oe doe eS aeons
Short-grain varieties
AGGIR Se eer AOR Ie pe eine eae 2,728 7 eto | SA ae et al ees sea Boar sooas
NCH ARtbrT e lista 8 4 ees Fe 2 2, 687 2,827 2,711 2, 828 2, 747 2,727
Sbnnthaee ee eran sy Ne neers ee 2,506 2,520 2,505 2,517 2,475 2,500

The grain of the Acadia, Wataribune, Blue Rose, and Shinriki
varieties is not easily removed from the straw. Unless the separator
is fed very slowly when these varieties are thrashed, there is con-
siderable loss of grain. Similar care must be exercised for another
reason in thrashing Honduras and Evangeline. Their straw becomes
very brittle after drying in the shock and is not easily separated from
the grain when the thrasher is fed too rapidly.

The culinary properties of the new varieties described in this
bulletin have a commercial value, and if properly exploited by the
trade they should greatly increase the demand for rice as a ‘daily
article of food. The rice-eating people of this country, like the
orientals, eat this cereal mainly in the boiled state and show a prefer-
ence for those varieties whose kernels retain their general shape and

remain separate when prepared in this way. These varieties possess

this characteristic and for this reason should be more marketable

than those which form a pastelike mass when boiled.

ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF

AGRICULTURE.
NECCKCLORY-Of AQTICULLUT C2 ee eee HENBY C. WALLACE.
Assistant Secretary 2222 = C. W. PUGSLEY. z=
Director of Scientific Work________ HD BART.
Director of -weguiatory. Work. eee
Weather Bureau 25 2 iss CHARLES F. Marvin, Chief.
Bureau of Agricultural Economics________- Henry C. Taytor, Chief.
QUEBCOM OL. ANAMGAL INQUSiYe= = ae JOHN R. MOHLER, Chief.
BUnedit.op,- Plant. Industry <2 eee WILLIAM A. Taytor, Chief.
HORE She SCPULCE 22 tes ES Wes BE SOL be oe ees W. B. GREELEY, Chief.
Bureau of Chemistry_ oo a __ WALTER G, CAMPBHEE, “Alehing Citer
ES ERCOILLO PIN OLUS ss beeen see Se = 5 MID Ton- WHEINEY, “Chief:
URCOIL LOL E:MLOMOLOGY se sr nee L. O. HowArp, Chief.
Bureau of Biological Survey——-_——-- == EK. W. NEtson, Chief.
UECOMIO; EL UOLG OCS==. is we Sees ‘THoMAS H. MacDOona.p, Chief.
Fixed-Nitrogen Research Laboratory_____~ I. G. Corrreti, Director.
Division of Accounts and Disbursements_.A. ZAPPONE, Chief.
Division of Pubhieations___—__ JOHN L. Copss, Jr., Chief.
POOLE tp tera io ERS a er CLARIBEL R. BARNETT, Librarian.
SLCLES FLCLALIONS (SCFEICE==s = == ae A. C. TRuE, Director.
Federal Horticultural Board____—_—" =~ __- C. L. Martatt, Chairman.
Insecticide and Fungicide Board______--_- J. K. Haywoop, Chairman.

Packers and Stockyards Administration_.) CHESTER MorRRILL,
Grain Pans Fred ei aaae Assistant to the Secretary.
Oyicesof the. Sokeitor. 4 el ae es eee hk. W. WILuIAMs, Solicitor.

This bulletin is a contribution from—

iBunenino, Pian’ Industry = eee ee see WiLLiAmM A. TAytor, Chief;

Office of Cereal Investigations________ CARLETON R. BALL,
Cercalist in Charge.

18

ADDITIONAL COPIES

OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM
THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D. C.

AT

10 CENTS PER COPY
V

WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICH : 1922

i aS ig a G ee TS