: PONE SD eisnse Le . r ARet Mbditcmeretonrne oe Da Mya, — =" -itet-th idee .. - ab tendewrabae aichapeaes hia - hae gh thed ater eta? Saiasigtenss * s : : - . AyMPRharsred ° Peet Porleder ms * re le eee Huh eteetatet sn) + oe ‘i i ade a eave ares a rr} — oes tiniest) . ¥ et ~~ POrGrder, * natal x erst} aaPetubs atngaeeya ee rea etl. ser areartes ste Dab wanes bubs ad eed net Sts ~ +s 9a nb ton de eek £98 Dy of wtast base be Petr te : aera g di BP Maes hoe &, Paty Aol ovine, Pe hbsker went : 1 OP sehr arp, PO PMO An rs Le ae : Pm : oenadebieien UTS + hed al Aseeen ea tetra re. A ne Pf atarenwaa® : ; medifienetetgnsnetek eine eae RSA Ad aad Atay tos whohen nyt ‘ te OW, Mee tints + ~- bal ~ * avy taP ated SPA P EP UMW natal ah reese Rema . Seve, Merenee Ba Paty eee Meee, PUR PR Bo gear ar Patan g ate ee were ae . - weirs 4 7 eS 12 ose | ¥ ero) sep, Ave : r osapae cate $ a ak Meher Ae ate | Tease Polit ahwharatihat pete eee tt a9 a4 cS enaF At Whe Gale. 505 OVO Y8. . r . Mant urn. . water ‘ - aaa eee 4 : . At TAAL OC 09 oA "es re eth-ap fing ‘ ; r ‘ - Wee ne asewsnt Pyoy . a - y - pPehem, : : Pisannte Wa ph O assy ty eM, ‘ F . a a Pataet man rem 4 : r oe Feee tens : CLO ‘ aanee ateretprare ny MaMa bere veg ar, Petet ¢ * > titers ny + “ F . 5 9 PERy Sy raem . “ . . ’ a F gma stege . - . “ PP asen " iS Mraeieiety aoe SVE Et eheay Dy 9405 Sree ity ‘ a arora < ri PYM Acnamary: wera $ Re Rebs rym, ’ Me Fe A FOE e teh ory dry, Pe Meat, « . sdadamenen oe yl -. 2 rag ale Patee bch aga aye “ Aerets™ . 99? wr ake, ea et : tarot y ; orton i Pes SSF ss Mten dogtry AC AST ee hy i Vererr ree? ww” NESS =a LS: 4 4 hw yy. w oN Yiewd i ; . wt ~ur ‘ “t. ve eeu el Vi ewe qytw aw MT be S ade 1 Netw ts owe cuyttele” YT | HLL ; Peon? Swi ™ W ey “y wv Bactecae P v kf Ad (hd Vey Honea ets ashe weve ney oe, a Uw Cent - bbe iis eon i eo a ed VA eg By Vel wtin ysl oe a SE yey % . out ted ' KY Miter jp ceoe — 0 ONAN arse er gf OO ee ALPS ~ Wey Ibe Rate. pee et ee weve “ vane fips itd ly Oe pad HiME oh wry SLT Wu YT & - | areas Otuarn MS vw vy , ow, tds NA: PY i* | y %! an tu vw! ¥ Lt tyte. Sd Wet é Bris, PAIS I vista yy WEIN GS } AAO, LTTE EP ter yEy Vive haa AS to AS, wigan. ° TAL | 1 | ne ’ | 7 fC weve” PEL PE. #E re ae | he ute ab5e Litt} PUR Lu Ala THETA eat ut tT TM aver yout wovevie reo Ad Viet = LY 4 ete FIBA ’ £5 Aba ~@.° 1 PPADS Fils em a, ti} Shee cuaaren We At oo) \ jal ey wy re'vT¥ NLL eaNe . we = ie UAE iv “ugly al d eye. sett he itt ‘st¥y, Vuvyarern-: Ve, Mentversase tinea hn, Jy ; id Pa ad ine - see vV. TLL Sabb eT Gee lala Tak Ney yv wea. = plyss eM TT i NC Se Sey Fay, 5 Sid ll a Mal ast NNO )4 wy wedtany vant Serre Vihem, e SH * et ues OAC ees rye: nt et . TLL» ‘ i, . yt Loe a ee) are ae A tes en ate mi Wastin WINGS © v. pie gu Age oA Aye r STL DARA) ) Pe Ba eq is y ; ig gue Ww ee} oe ETT PAL rye wa a agi is SIGE + ey PNAS Bi ANNAN AM - . 9 th Fz , Seat } TA ct r < = ‘ istvy wy Rh A BU i ae weme ae @CULWUDEETUNG ww. ty vy Pom Ie ri % ‘wwy wdy Iwy v J % : a Aeae ae Aes Borne. vay VW bd BEE hig PA re .< y nx F ofS Wey sha Sea \* e » = & ater ye are WINN MAS at) WAAR A: Va, “\ apaee ala “irs ) SE AR "Va (OUR Le 2 ; “ne 7IF ¥ Pave x Tax Pe _ vw wh, 4 4 “* , “ THT reece) TPA gait Thp et] conn weet ty | | Nr cee Mina igquaiastl- diddae gu ALT || ais beh nde AAD OL oe > ih PAL beh earn aoe } wr Yar a ba? wwe Nee wvecevee UCT AJ ~ ery ‘rye “yy we ‘ey berth ne et Ne ; ' “ NL me iS ws, a 2 ys ' w w 4 - > is é neelby abit bike ewig 4 hd vey mee OS est i Rr m v ~* ° - — = a Age q EEL ‘ a ee eevee i ydtaseee! rape TOP MOTT Ua ww WV J. ~ ye vary LY 7 Jj°" vv wer ee ee rene ice eM eut ey / > wtely vedo CUNY pl ib yon, VO SUTRA AG ewoee Woe —s ) q au tes Mle ata From the \NNALS AND MAGazINE OF NaTURAL History, Ser. 7, Vol. xi., February 1903. Some Observations on British Freshwater Harpactids. By Tuomas Scort, F.L.S. Since the publication of the Monograph of the free and semiparasitic Copepoda of the British Islands by Professor G. 8. Brady—a work which gave a fresh impetus to the study of these interesting organisms and which 1s indispens- able to those who desire to become familiar with the group— greater attention has been devoted to the examination of the freshwater forms, and a number of rare and, in some cases, 186 Mr. T. Scott on new species have been added to the fauna of our inland waters *. Several of these additional forms belong to the Harpacticidee, which is one of the largest of the families of the Copepoda. The Harpactids which form the subject .of the following observations are all included in the subfamily Canthocamp- tine, G. S. Brady, and are distributed amongst the succeeding five genera, viz.:—Canthocamptus, Westwood ; Nitocra, Boeck; Attheyella, G. 8S. Brady; Moraria, T. & A. Scott ; and Maraenobiotus, Al. Mrazek. A few remarks are made on the distinctive characters of each genus, but the species are not described; descriptions and figures of these will be found in the works which are referred to in connexion with each of the species recorded. Subfamily Cayruocaurrivz, G. 8. Brady. Genus CanTHocaMPptuS, Westwood, 1836. The nine species grouped together under Canthocamptus: have eight- or nine-jointed antennules. The inner branches of the first pair of thoracic feet are non-prehensile, and they are usually three-jointed and longer than the outer branches. The inner branches of the next three pairs are shorter than the outer ones and composed of two or three joints, the first joint being considerably smaller than the one next to it. Canthocamptus staphylinus (Jurine) f. 1820. Monoculus staphylinus, Jurine, Hist. des Monocles, p. 74, pl. vii. figs. 1-19. 1880. Caunthocamptus minutus, Brady, Brit. Copep. vol. ii. p. 48, pl. xliv. figs. 1-17. This is one of the more common and generally distributed species belonging to the freshwater Harpacticide of the British Islands; it is also the largest, and measures rather more than a millimetre in length. * Prof. W. Lilljeborg has recently published an important work on the freshwater Harpacticide of Sweden, ‘ Kong]. Svenska Vetenskaps- Akademiens Handlingar, Bd. xxxvi. no. 1. This work should be of interest to British students, for of the seventeen species described by the author twelve at least are also found in the inland waters of the British Islands. + See Additional Note at end of this paper. British Freshwater Harpactids. 187 Canthocamptus horridus, S. Fischer. 1860. Canthocamptus horridus, S. Fischer, “ Beitr. z. Kennt. d. Ento- mostr.,” Abhandl. d. math.-phys. Classe der konigl. bayer. Akad. d. Wissensch. Sten Bandes, 3te Abth. p. 670, t. ii. figs. 57-59, 59a. 1880. Canthocamptus northumbricus, G. 8. Brady, op. cit. vol. i. p. 57, pl. xly. figs. 1-14. This species, which has been identified as the Cantho- camptus horridus of 8. Fischer, appears to be rare in British inland waters. The only Scottish record I have for it is Duddingston Loch, near Edinburgh; Dr. and Miss Sprague also record it from Edinburgh, but they do not give any locality *. Dr. Brady obtained it sparingly in the lake at Bolam, Northumberland, and Mr. D. J. Scourfield has taken it near London. Canthocamptus gracilis, G. O. Sars. 1863. Canthocamptus gracilis, G. Q. Sars, “ Qvers. af den indenl. Ferskv.-Copep.,” Vidensk. i Christiania Forhandl. for 1862 (Aftr.), 22, 1897. Canthocamptus inornatus, T. Scott, Fifteenth Rep. Fishery Board for Scotland, pt. iii. p. 523, pl. ix. figs. 1-12. 1902. C anthocamptus gr acilis, Lilljeborg, Synopsis Spec. hucusque in aquis duleibus Sueciz observ. Fam, Harpactic. p. 26, t. il. figs. 8-13 (see footnote, p. 1). There appears to be no doubt that the species which I described in 1897 under the name of Canthocamptus ‘nornatus is identical with the C. gracilis of G.O. Sars. I have found it in several small lochs in Scotland, such as Rescobie Loch, near Forfar, Linlithgow Loch, one or two small lochs near Edinburgh, Sloe Achroy (lrossachs), and others. It has been taken in the Isle of ‘Wight by Mr. D. J. Scourfield, and my son, Mr. A. Scott, has sent it to me from Lancashire. Canthocamptus trispinosus, G. S. Brady. 1880. Canthocamptus trispinosus, G.S. Brady, op. cit. vol. ii. p. 55, pl. xlv. figs. 15-22. ‘This appears to be a rare species in the inland waters of the British Islands, but it has apparently an extensive conti- nental distribution; it has been recorded by Herr H. Rehberg, Dr. S. A. Poppe, Dr. O. Schmeil, and Prof. W. Lilljjeborg. I know of no Scottish locality tor C. trispinosus, and the only station for it mentioned by Dr. Brady is the River Nene near Peterborough; but Mr. D.J.Scourfield records * Trans, Edin. Field Nat. & Micros. Soc. vol. iv. (1900-1901). 188 Mr. T. Scott on it from one or two ponds near London *, and the Rev. A. M. Norman has quite recently sent me specimens from Wroxham, Norfolk. Canthocamptus minutus, Claus. 1863. Canthocamptus minutus, Claus, Die frei lebenden Copepoden, . 122, t. xii. figs. 1-3. 1895. Canthocamptus minutus, T. & A. Scott, Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist. (Oct. 1895), p. 236, pl. iv. figs. 14-20. This is one of the smaller of the freshwater Harpactids, and its distribution appears to be coextensive with the British Islands; but it is only within recent years that it has been recognized as a member of the British Copepod fauna. Canthocamptus hirticornis, T. Scott. 1895. Canthocamptus hirticornis, T. Scott, Thirteenth Rep. Fishery Board for Scotland, pt. iii. p. 251, pl. ix. figs. 15-26. 1902. Canthocamptus megalops, Lilljeborg, Synop. Spec. hucusque in aquis dulcibus Sueciz observ. Fam. Harpact.,” K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handlingar, Band xxxvi. no. 1, p. 30, pl. 11. figs. 14-19. This is a widely distributed species, at least in Scotland ; it has been found in small lochs in the Outer Hebrides and in Shetland, as well as in several places on the mainland ; but it occurs usually near the sea. It has been obtained in water that appeared to be quite fresh, as well as in slightly brackish water. I have no record of it from any ‘inland locality. Mr. D. J. Scourfield has taken C. hirticornis in a marsh near Barmouth Junction, North Wales f. The form recorded recently by Herr Prof. Lilljeborg in his interesting work on the freshwater Harpacticide of Sweden under the name of Canthocamptus megalops appears to be identical with C. hirticornis. Canthocamptus palustris, G. S. Brady. 1880. Canthocamptus palustris, G. S. Brady, Mon. Brit. Copep. vol. ii. . 58, pl. xxxix. figs. 18-28. i 1895. Canthocamptus palustris, var. elongatus, T. & A. Scott, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) vol. xv. p. 459, pl. xvi. figs. 7-17, Though Canthocamptus palustris has a distribution ex- tending from Shetland to the Scilly Islands it does not appear to be very common. Its usual habitat is in ponds and * “The Entomostraca of Epping Forest, Part II.,” The Essex Natu- ralist, vol. x. p. 260, tab. i. (1898). + “Entomostraca of North Wales,” Journ. Quekett Microscopical Club, ser. ii. vol. vi. p. 185 (Noy. 1895). British Freshwater Harpactids. 189 marshes within reach of the sea. It was taken by Dr. G. S. Brady in a brackish-water pond at St. Mary (Scilly), also in the vicinity of the River Stour at Manningtree, and in Oulton Broad (Suffolk) ; and the Rev. A. M. Norman obtained it at Isle Oronsay, Skye. I found Canthocamptus palustris in 1890 in shore-pools on May Island, Firth of Forth; the same species occurred in a gathering of Entomostraca sent to me from Shetland by Mr. Robert Duthie, Fishery Officer, collected in the Loch of Beiton in Unst in 1895; this loch is situated somewhat above high-water mark, and at that time the water it contained, if at all brackish, was only slightly so. In 1896 C. palustris was taken with other brackish-water forms in gatherings from shore-pools near Langbank and near Dumbarton, Firth of Clyde, and in 1898 in a gathering from shore-pools at Hunterston, also in the Clyde district. Canthocamptus Schmeilii, Mrazek. 1893. Canthocamptus Schmeilit, Mrazek, “ Beitrag zur Kenntniss der- Harpacticidenfauna des Stisswassers,” Zool. Jahrb. sieb. Bd. p. 116, t. vu. figs. 107-117. 1895. Canthocamptus Schmeilu, T. & A. Scott, Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist. (Oct. 1895), p. 234, pl. iv. figs. 1-13. Though this species resembles those previously mentioned in having the inner branches of the first pair of thoracic feet longer than the outer branches, it differs in having these branches composed of two subequal joints, instead ot being three-jointed. C. Schmezlit appears to be moderately rare in the lochs of Scotland. ‘The only records I possess are as follow :—Loch Leven, Kinross, collected in June 1890, but not described till 1895 (in this gathering the species was moderately frequent) ; Park Loch, near Campbeltown, Cantyre, collected in August 1897; Loch Lomond, near Balmaha, collected in June 1898. Canthocamptus crassus, G. O. Sars. 1863. Canthocamptus crassus, G.O. Sars, “ Overs. indenl. Fersky.- Copep.,” Vidensk. i Christiania Forhandl. for 1862 (Aftr.), p. 23. 1880. Attheyella spinosa, Brady, Mon. Brit. Copep. vol. ii. p. 58, 1. xliii. figs. 15-18, pl. xlvi. figs. 13-18. 1893. Attheyella spinosa, T. Scott, Eleventh Rep. Fishery Board for Scotland, pt. iil. p. 225, pl. vi. figs. 11-20, 1893. Canthocamptus crassus, O. Schmeil, Deutschl. freileb. Sitissw.- Copep., ii. Teil, Harpact. p. 37, t. iv. figs. 1-13. In this species, though the inner branches of the first thoracic feet are three-jointed, they are comparatively short, being only slightly longer than the outer branches. 190 Mr. T. Scott on Canthocamptus crassus appears to be generally distributed and moderately frequent in most of our inland waters from Unst to Land’s End, and it is one of the more easily recog- nized forms. I am in doubt as to whether this species should be ranked among the members of the present genus; but as it seems to be equally out of place in any of the other groups of Cantho- camptinz, I thought it was better to leave it in the genus to which G. O. Sars assigned it. Genus Nitocra, Boeck. The species included under this genus resemble very closely some of those in the genus Canthocamptus. The an- tennules are usually eight-jointed ; the secondary branches of the antenne are small and one-jointed ; the mandible-palp is two-jointed, and the inner branches of the first pair of thoracic feet, which are not much longer than the outer branches, are three-jointed and prehensile. The inner branches of the next three pairs are also composed of three joints. The prehensile character of the inner branches of the first pair appears to constitute the chief point of difference between Nitocra and Canthocamptus. One British freshwater Harpactid has been assigned to this genus. Nitocra hibernica (G. 8S. Brady). 1880. Canthocamptus hibernicus, G. S. Brady, Mon, Brit. Copep. vol. ii. p. 52, pl. xlvi. figs. 1-12. 1893. Nitocra hibernica, Schmeil, Deutsch]. freileb. Siissw.-Copep., ii. Teil, Harpact. p. 78, t. vil. figs. 1-16. I do not at present know of any ‘Scottish station for this species. Prof. G. 8. Brady states that specimens were sent to him by the late David Robertson of Millport, who found them plentifully in Mullingar Canal at Dublin and in a lake near Newport, Co. Mayo. Mr. D. J. Scourfield has taken’ Nitocra hibernica in a pond near London *. Genus ATTHEYELLA, G. 8. Brady, 1880. The species included here under Aétheyella have the an- tennules short and usually eight-jointed; the secondary branches of the antennz are small and one- (rarely two-) jointed; mandible-palp small and composed of two articu- jations ; inner branches of first pair of teet scarcely, if at all, * “Entomostraca of Epping Forest, Part II.,” The Essex Naturalist, vol. x. p. 260, tab. 1, (1898). British Freshwater Harpactids. 191 longer than the short outer branches, and composed of two subequal joints; inner branches of the second, third, and fourth pairs two-jointed, first joint small. Attheyella pygmea (G. O. Sars). 1863. Canthocamptus pygmeus, G. O. Sars, “ Overs. indenl, Ferskv.- Copep.,” Vidensk.-Selsk. i Christiania Férhandl. 1862 (Aftr.), p. 21. 1880. Attheyella cryptorum, Brady, op. cit. vol. ii. p. 60, pl. li. figs, 1-18. 1893, Attheyella cryptorum, T. Scott, Eleventh Rep. Fishery Board for Scotland, pt. ii. p. 225, pl. vi. figs. 21-31. This small species appears to be generally distributed and of frequent occurrence in the inland waters of the British Islands. It may be distinguished from the closely allied species Attheyella Zschokket (Schmeil) by the long curved terminal sete of the outer branches of the fourth pair of thoracic feet and by the depressed opercular plates. Attheyella Zschokket (Schmeil). 1893. Canthocamptus Zschokket, Schmeil, Copep. des Rhitikon-Ge- birges, pp. 31-36, Taf. ili. 1893, Attheyella propinqua, T. Scott, Eleventh Rep. Fishery Board for Scotland, pt. iil. p. 227, pl. vii. figs. 1-11. This species, which may readily be mistaken for the one previously described, appears to have an’ equally extensive distribution, but it is not so frequently met with. ‘There are, however, comparatively few of the Scottish lochs which I have examined where it has been entirely absent. Mr. D.J. Scourfield has taken A. Zschokket near London. In this species the terminal setz of the outer branches of the fourth feet have not the long, slender, curved ends so characteristic of A. pygmea, but the opercular plate is more prominent. Dissection shows, of course, other points of difference, but the differences just referred to may be seen without dissection and with the aid of a hand-lens. Attheyella Duthiei, T. & A. Scott. 1895. Attheyella Duthiei, T. & A. Scott, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) vol. xvili. p. 4, pl. il. figs. 1-13; also Fourteenth Rep. Fishery Board for Scotland, pt. ii. p. 241, pl. ix. figs. 1-11. 1902. Cunthocamptus Duthiei, Lilljeborg, “ Synop. Spec. hucusque in aquis dulcibus Sueciz observ. Fam. Harpactic.,” K. Sv, Vet.-Akad. HandJingar, Bd. xxxvi. no. 1, p. 41, pl. ii. figs. 5-10. Though the distribution of this species appears to be ex- tensive, it has not been very frequently met with. It was 192 Mr. T. Scott on obtained in one or two small lochs in Shetland in 1894 by Mr. Robert Duthie, Fishery Officer, who was at that time stationed there. It was collected by myself in Loch Leven, Kinross, in 1890 (but not determined till 1895), and again in 1897 and 1898, and these are the only British localities for this species known to me. The discovery of it in Sweden by Prof. Lilljeborg is very interesting and indicates an extensive distribution for the species. Attheyella rhetica (Schmeil). 1893. Canthocamptus rheticus, Schmeil, Copepodes des Rhitikon- Gebirges*, p. 23, t. il. 1895, Attheyella MacAndrewe, T. & A. Scott, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (G) vol. xy. p. 457, pl. xvi. figs. 1-6. I have found this species in only a single Scottish locality, viz. in Lochan-a-Chaite—a small loch on Ben Lawers, Perthshire, situated at an altitude of about 2400 feet above sea-level. Mr. D. J. Scourfield has obtained the same species amongst wet alge from Cym Glas, Snowdon, North Walesy. In September 1896 I collected in Loch Vennachar, Perth- shire, specimens of what appeared to me at the time to be a variety of Aétheyella rhetica{; but these turned out to belong to the next species. Attheyella cuspidata (Schmeil). 1893. Canthocamptus cuspidatus, Schmeil, op. cit. p. 36, t. iv. 1897. Canthocamptus cuspidatus, T. Scott, Fifteenth Rep. Fishery Board for Scotland, pt. iii. p. 323, pl. ix. figs. 21, 22. This species has been obtained in Loch Vennachar, Perth- shire, and Loch Fad, in Bute; also in Loch of Tingwall (Scalloway) and Loch of Brough (Bressay), both in Shetland. It was taken in Loch Etichan and in Loch-an-eion, Aberdeen- shire, in 1898, by Mr. R. M. Clark, B.Sc., F.L.S8. Loch Etichan is situated to the northward of Braemar, the other is a small loch on the north-west shoulder of Lochnagar, in West Aberdeenshire §. ; Genus Morarta, T. & A. Scott (March 1893). Syn. Ophiocamptus, Mrazek. The Harpactids included under Moraria have seven-jointed * Abhandl. d. naturf. Gesellschaft zu Halle, Bd. xix. + “Entom. of North Wales,” Journ. Quekett Microscopical Club, ger. ii. vol. vi. p. 10 (separate copy). t Fourteenth Rep. Fishery Board for Scotland, pt. iii. p. 169 (1896). § ‘Annals of Scottish Natural History,’ July 1901, p. 160. British Freshwater [larpactids. 193 antennules ; the secondary branches of the antennz are small and one-jointed ; the mandible-palp is small and composed of two joints, the end one being smaller than the other; the first pair of thoracic feet are short, the two branches are sub- equal in length, and the inner branches are two-jointed, as in Attheyella, the end-joint being the shortest; the inner branches of the next three pairs are short and consist of two subequal joints. Moraria brevipes (G. O. Sars). 1863. Canthocamptus brevipes, G. O. Sars (non Mrazek & Scott), op. at. p. 24. 1889. Ganihaednigele gracilis, S. A. Poppe (non C. gracilis, G. O. Sars), Abhandl, d. naturwiss. Vereine zu Bremen, Bd. x. p. 544, t. viii. figs, 5-9, 1893. Moraria Anderson-Smithi, T. & A. Scott, Ann. & Maz. Nat. Hist. (6) vol. vi. (March 1893) p. 213, pl. viii. 1893. Ophiocamptus Sarst, Mrazek, ‘‘ Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Har- pacticidenfauna des Siisswassers,” Zool. Jahrb. (May 1893), Abth. f. Syst., Geogr. u. Biol. d. Thiere, 7ter Bd. p. 113, t. v. figs. 60-65. 1893. Ophiocamptus Sarsi, Schmeil, Deutschl. freileb. Stissw.-Copep., ii. Teil, Harpact. p. 86, pl. vi. figs. 1-16. 1900. Morarta Sarsi, W. Hartwig, “Die freileb. Copep. der Provinz Brandenburg,” Forschungsber. der Biol. Stat. z Plén (Separat- abdruck), p. 11. This species has been obtained in lochs in Unst and else- where in Shetland; in Barra and North Uist, Outer Hebrides. It was obtained in Loch Morar, Inverness-shire, Loch Doon, Ayrshire, and other lochs in the west of Scotland ; and in lakes in Aberdeenshire, Midlothian, and elsewhere in the east of Scotland. Mr. D. J. Scourfield has also taken it near London. According to Lilljeborg * the form described by Herr Al. Mrazek and myself under the name of Moraria ( Ophio- camptus) brevipes (G. O. Sars) is not the species described by Sars under that name, the true Canthocamptus brevipes, G. O. Sars, being, on the contrary, the form described by me under the name of Moraria Anderson-Smithi, and by Mrazek under the name of Ophiocamptus Sarst. It is interesting to note that this species, which is still retained in the genus Canthocamptus by Prof. Lilljeborg, was, by Mrazek and myself, unknown to each other, considered to be sufficiently distinct from the typical Canthocamptus to warrant. its removal to another genus. * ‘Svenska arter af, Familien Harpacticide,’ pp. 44-48 (1902). 194 Mr. T. Scott on Moraria Mrazeki, T. Scott (new name). 1893. Ophiocamptus brevipes, Mrazek (not Sars), “ Beitrag zur Kennt- niss der Harpact.-fauna des Siisswassers,”’ Zool. Jahrb. 7ter Bd. p- 116, t. v. fig. 66, t. vi. figs. 67-70. 1895, Ophiocamptus brevipes, T. Scott, Thirteenth Rep. Fishery Board for Scotland, pt. iii. p. 254, pl. x. figs. 1-9. 1897. Moraria brevipes, T. Scott, Fifteenth Rep. Fishery Board for Scotland, pt. iii. p. 325. As this is not the Canthocamptus brevipes of G. O. Sars, the species will require to be renamed, and I propose that Mrazeki should be adopted. The species has been obtained in several Scottish lakes; it was first observed in Loch Lubnaig, Perthshire, and afterwards in Rescobie Loch, Loch Balgavie, and Forfar Loch, Forfarshire; Loch Achray, Trossachs; and in Loch Doon, Ayrshire. The recent increase in the interest that is being taken in the examination of the British lochs will probably add to the number of the stations for this as well as the other species recorded here. Moraria Poppet (Mrazek). 1893. Ophiocamptus Poppet, Mrazek, op. cit. p. 114, t. v. figs. 54-59. 1897. Moraria Poppet, T. Scott, Fifteenth Rep. Fishery Board for Scot- land, pt. iii. p. 325, pl. ix. figs. 13-20. This small species appears to be rare; it was first taken in some marshy ground at the side of Loch Fad, in Bute, and afterwards, in 1899, in shore-pools near Hunterston, Firth of Clyde, and in 1901 in marshy ground near Ellon, Aberdeenshire. These are the only British records for this species known to me. Genus MARAENOBIOTUS, Mrazek (1893). This genus was established by Dr. Mrazek for an interesting Harpactid discovered by him in the vicinity of Pribram in Bohemia. The antennules are eight-jointed. The secondary branches of the antenne are small and two-jointed, the mandible-palp is rudimentary, consisting of a tubercle bearing two or three apical sete. First pair of thoracic feet short, both branches two-jointed. The inner branches of the next three pairs short, two-jointed, the outer branches longer and three-jointed. Only one species has been described. Maraenobiotus Vejdovskyt, Mrazek. 1893. Maraenobiotus Vejdovskyi, Mrazek, op. cit. p. 108, t. iv. figs. 17- 32, t. v. figs. 33-87. 1896. Maraenobiotus Vejdovskyt, T. & A. Scott, Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. (6) vol. xviii. p. 3, pl. i. figs. 13-21, pl. i. fig. 23 (July 1896). British Freshwater Harpactids, 195 This species was obtained for the first time in Scotland in a shore-gathering collected in Loch Vennachar, Perthshire, and afterwards in shore-gatherings collected in Loch Doon, Ayrshire, in December 1897, and in Loch of Park, Aberdeen- shire, in 1899. I do not know of any other station for this species in Britain. Besides the Harpactids mentioned in the foregoing notes, all of which, with one or two exceptions, are usually confined to freshwater localities, there are a considerable number that find a habitat in our brackish-water estuaries, ponds, and marshes ; and though these for the most part belong to the same subfamily as those already noticed, they include also representatives of nearly all the subfamilies into which the Harpacticide have been divided. And while the Cantho- camptine comprise most, if not all, the British freshwater Harpactids, the majority of the species belong to the genus (‘anthocamptus, and are, with few exceptions, all freshwater species. But Canthocamptus hirticornis, though found in fresh water, occurs also occasionally in water that is slightly brackish ; Canthocamptus palustris, as has been already men- tioned, is usually found in places within the influence of the tide; Canthocamptus parvus, T. & A. Scott, and Cantho- camptus propinquus, 'T. Scott, are, on the other hand, marine species, and for that reason have been excluded from the preceding notes. C. propinguus has been obtained in the Moray Firth and the Firth of Forth, and appears to be moderately rare; C. parvus appears to be more generally distributed ; the antennules of these two species are composed of six joints instead of eight or nine, but otherwise there is nothing to distinguish them from typical freshwater species. For these and other reasons the line dividing the freshwater species from brackish-water forms, and these again from marine, is at best somewhat arbitrary. ADDITIONAL NOTE. After the preceding notes had been forwarded to the printers I received a letter from my kind friend the Rev. A. M. Norman, in which he refers, among other things, to the two freshwater Harpactids Canthocamptus staphylinus (Jurine) and Canthocamptus minutus, Claus; and as his remarks on these two species should be of interest to students of the freshwater Copepoda, I have, with his permission, transcribed them here. Referring to Canthocamptus staphylinus, he says :—“ O. F. Ni ey Sa) ie File! bs bi eine a | ing .f oo ai On British Freshwater Harvochnee De « ome Miiller described Cyclops minutus in 1776 and 1785, which afterwards became Canthocamptus minutus of Baird, Fischer, fe and Lilljeborg; Claus for this name substituted that of a Jurine—Monoculus staphylinus (1820)—and then immedi- ately after described another Canthocamptus minutus of his own. Now it will be admitted that, though without the — detailed drawings of Jurine, Miiller’s. ’ fioures of C. minutus are excellent representations for the time of a Canthocamptus, and if not sufficient to distinguish it from some recent species, the name ought to be retained for that species which is the most common and the first determined. Therefore I consider that CO. staphylinus (Jurine) should become a synonym of Canthocamptus minutus (O. F. Miiller), and that C. minutus, Claus—a name he should not have employed, on account of confusion with Miiller’s species,—will have to give way to Rehberg’s more recent name C. lucidulus. “That author was quite right in restoring the name of Miiller’s to Jurine and Claus’s C. staphylinus, and substi- tuting for Claus’s C. minutus his new name of Canthocamptus ; lucidulus.” I may add that, though I leave my notes on these two species as they were written, I quite agree with the Rev. A. M. Norman that O. F. Miiller's name should be restored, that C. staphylinus (Jurine) should become a synonym of C. minutus (Miiller), and consequently that C. minutus, Claus, will become a synonym of C. lucidulus, Rehberg. Vs ate Hie r } Pees, se en A] MA -tied. . er aaa ad au +b SRR eas saan TY saan, WAM aa Peet al a TT WAAAY. We a Ban gp thungeeess 42am Valalal Amman Aan 4 SAPS | ta LN a. mate h est aA® paarere: Ragas TPR ani) Cate naa panmareeepee BE sash || “ a de ve ee aster oo Am, al al i Pi » sh Naa af ame) - So ° 5 gene ell ahaa 58 48 ned =. i ~* 4 “a be it ‘4 oat | phe -e em i He ao<-me 1 : q “=m, > TPL TLD LTT a “ARRIAAAA LG: Pe ha) ag sf “Qe 2 a lam i ee > : 4AA sa 8 a , a4 ‘al mo eaiie etl ao % we be n,n aa re i r “AAR An, t vara; RAED RTT ~ @& ; nr Lig paeeAha, ~_F *..- rent )) Pee Tetra De OPAL LB SARA LD 9 4AK//) ry) ihlnae Hepa COU are rer Sy ATTY ty ~ a pines tN NAA | io - » : Pye nab ¥ Yt Re A ELT ¢ Wn] | ; AY\ ) wy anny hp my x ‘44a le yas he ISH BODHI htaAb ag Ce INE iar ae : of Ae YY, Note al | | | deinen “nee SL “i sha It ace vel yh “ae LY YPrr Tr Ne Ar nae Raa ss | * eA Ry Maa Maa’ “4 ete | | | a YA Nga nae ih TO mm “Aaa, pial geal Dinar TY. | VRS Nie Nyy deareetee an Gatte Sio.' Bie A} - MRe/ open. OBe " aye Prine i, a my aa i == -= fe WYYe Bal f wal |, 4 oat ag pile =. _ RAL - © Qaees Liy "9 | nMo a | | Y A pe a eT. ; Nal |, ae eats ERA, gaaAR Een @ Us TL | | a ttt | PBR AR ee ln” a has tab: seatl seecuena wren, ap Maaar,! al! pe Pen nots = 2 oe wa matA, J us ae}. LUMARAL Ea. 4: Jt . ~ Man 8 a Oa, ntl a |, Sa yy An fan Regs PRALYY | A."s “AR TT RAATTALTT rae Bann en DN i Pray “ar * “AA + ; TANYA SEL ro peeag 1 ict " Ap A a & er™ Per Liabaal Prad Gaalea.’. Rein dil | Rad “ . Cv] ; = TY 1 PAR. f en ob 4 PI nf : yr Rin RA pan” Aa, = Ca a AAA yy. y shite?” PREC Talal Aarts se Lalo Lae Lent. “Len diied al ar ale alae aug} a5 _. Mm VARY Y bee Meke nt” VR ene Lt RSAAAL LT Re eee TTT LT LL barnes cet nanan enter aeA ener yee agra na eneelhs { Wit UL ia yInitbine’y ginierandc aA | my plage aus A Na t¥ SW aatag, | yt AAbay atin: saath Titiad hi B mea A AAA. amRRAaarr ay av nl. | 7 a 2. A AB Cau Jes Hla é bre AARas PAA Teese: AAAaAMALa bs ae \a dose " el TY Atans Seine - P Be se &>-- ar VT San AUN UAMAMAN, lal Adu, Nias nay bith casita osauabeblassine aan ease saath | in | i. WAaay arr Pe” ” & ee Raa hRy gant Pin | hay " 72a 2, < 2 ' he iat Or ade 2 Re eeeaeeseae | , MADR y hous aT aT “s i be cee ees HELL, PAyy ‘MURA ns lery pMMARA tas 2 7 PSR LS” I | =e as E yyy } 4.44.08 al er Ratt ANAL ano > ip > WA ae a ai Spee : rey! |! } 3 . aA wo eaeG a Ran mee MUAMMONMNSI ET eD COMMIT ETAMUGRtHIBE AG 1 Timonpres MAPAULANAILONAA ay Ow - SiR LAN Am be P Ly . a AN ~ ARG Ah) | it Wt pnaneA, cot rerio yy an ta. “ & > . 4 ~ = ta) heheh | dit evel TATA Mata ALi iil) Aa TOTTI ynanantnt a a9 \.: WIAs, na btnrvMAAL hy, hoa pus ih | Ht] PARA p Renin | Z I HOTPITEORT EPA et (tie | cal y 6) AA AA Rahal TYP et bdl wees oA ccapia ant ht=ne, 6 paassAsA an Atl Maaha la aa Tae ia er a a pNa ne an a7 8 ames Apparr ry FY FY) ‘peed ti & ~ ' x a 7 P “ ar r a, gas Say 1 AA AmanPp ay” Poe pes a> t BAF -f fe , Pa Lt te pe ARE DARN TE nen Nan © | pr” a » 7 wo Ms Rae, 8 ee Ne RNR Ra gh Raat ie eet?” Y A, rt Tine! .. sean epan pam e eR aekes oom