SOME PLANT NAMES OF THE UTE
INDIANS

K 1 ..

-iT'

BY

RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN

Reprinted from the American Anthropologist (n. s.), Vol. XI, No. i,
January-March, 1909

.

/L'.-L;

:a o.;-, ..r v-,.,v ;, '•>/ ■ v: ■, .;

•••■'.' V>. t\ . T ‘

m xla

Lancaster Pa., U. S. A.
The New Era Printing Company

1909

5T$|. 3973

«■. C 5s

o c

c o

s

03

2?

[Reprinted from the American Anthropologist, Vol. ii, No. i, Jan. -March, 1909.]

•vs

SOME PLANT NAMES OF THE UTE INDIANS
By RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN

WHILE among the Gosiute Indians in the spring of 1901, the
writer made the acquaintance of a Uinta Ute, named Tun-
gaip, who had taken up a temporary abode there because
of factional trouble among his own people such as to make his absence
from them necessary to his safety. From him I secured the partial
list of plant names herewith presented. The paper is now published
in this preliminary and tentative form only because I do not foresee
the opportunity to extend and elaborate or otherwise to better it, and
in the hope that it may prove of some interest or aid to others. The
names were obtained almost exclusively at the time mentioned from
the now lamented Tungaip. With a few exceptions they have not
been tested through others of his tribe, and some errors may there-
fore occur, especially in the case of the less familiar species.

The Ute proper held the richer game portions of Utah and adja-
cent parts, and were to a much greater degree hunters, and more
warlike, than most of the relative tribes. Their dependence upon
the vegetable kingdom was, naturally, less intimate than with such
tribes as the desert-dwelling Gosiute,1 though no doubt a complete
list of all kinds of serviceable plants among them would prove

U> large-

As compared with some related dialects, the language, among
other things, appears to show a more frequent development of v in
place of b, especially in the nominal endings, and of r in place of t
or d. For example, - up is heard as -iiv, -av, and -iv, depending
on phonetic relations. The syllables -go-up, and -gi-upt sometimes
7 heard as -gwup or gwip, in Ute become -go-uv or -gi-iv, thus easily
f passing to gwuv or -gwlv, in which form most commonly heard.
is : — ; — == —

1 This name is not derived etymologically from the name of chief Goship as is so often
uggested. Goship was chief over a band of closely related Indians, but not over the
Gosiute proper. The name is compounded from kutsip, or gutsip , meaning primarily
ashes,’ and hence, secondarily, ‘parched or dry earth,’ ‘desert earth,’ etc., and Ute ;
i. e., rendered freely, the name may be said to mean ‘ Desert Ute.’

27

f 41727

l

28

AMERICAN ANTHR OPOL O GIS 7 ’

[n. s., ii, 1909

This is in line with a general phenomenon resulting from a strong
tendency in the language toward an easy or gliding phonetic soft-
ness. The phenomenon as it appears to me is in the frequent sup-
pression of syllables and letters, especially of vowels. In some
cases vowels are heard very lightly and in others not at all. This
results in the accumulation of consonants, of which illustrations are
given among the examples below. There would seem to be a more
frequent shifting of the primary accent to the second syllable, or,
more rarely, to the third.

Examples of apparent condensation are :

kwi'uv , oak, corresponds to Shoshoni and Gosiute kwi'ni up.
pagwai'uv , maple, corresponds to Shoshoni and Gosiute pa'gwi ni up.
tu' ca-gar , white, is frequently heard as tear (cf. following word also).
tsa’-kiim , white rabbit, cottontail, is probably derived from the preced-
ing word tu' ca-gar, meaning white, and kum , rabbit.
ft sa-ka-nav, or ksa-nav , a species of willow, from ku'-tsi -, ashes, hence
gray, etc. , in reference to the pubescent covering, or in some plant
names to the dryness of habitat, and ka-nav -, general term for wil-
low. The corresponding Shoshoni and Gosiute word is ku' tsi-si-o-pi ;
si'-o-pi , or shi'-o-pi , in these languages corresponding to ka-nav.
kai-siv , Cornus or kinnikinnick, corresponds to Shoshoni dn'ka-sib .

Other cases similar to those above given occur in the subsequent
list of plant names.

From such comparisons and study as I have made, the conclu-
sion would seem justified that the primary roots of the Ute language
are monosyllabic or largely so, as they are in the Gosiute. While
a discussion of this subject cannot properly be entered upon here,
some of the particles and combinations more frequently occurring
in the plant names presented, more especially in the terminations,
may be discussed briefly. Various examples of primary roots will
be indicated in the analyses of words selected for illustration below :

(1) b, p, v. — Indicating, in general, substance or material in nouns ;

in verbs occasionally indicating the production of a material
thing ; sometimes giving a participial or adjectival effect.
Far most common as the noun ending, indicated in the
following :

(2) -up, -; uv . — A nominal ending added to verbs and indicating in

CHAMBERLIN] PLANT NAMES OF THE UTE INDIANS

29

general the substance or material involved ; hence object or
thing in general. For example :

o-pin-go-uv(-gwuv) , fence (of wood) : o-pi , wood, + n , adjectival
ending, q. vid., + go, verbal root meaning to enclose or sur-
round, -f -uv.

tik-up , food : ti-ki, eat, + -uv ; hence, material to eat.

to-tsi-va-wuv , hair of head : to-tsi-in , head, -f wu, thread or hair-
like object, hence hair in general, -f- -uv.

ko-nov , sack : go. ko , root meaning to enclose or to surround, as indi-
cated under the first example, -f no, root meaning to carry,
move, etc., 4- -iiv.

tiin-bi-uv , bridle : tim-bi , mouth, -uv.

It is a common ending in plant names, as may be seen from an
examination of the general list given later. In these names it has
practically the meaning of “plant” in many cases. In some of
these it is evidently the representative of o-pi, wood, tree, or plant,
rather than of up as in the case of sho-av, cottonwood, correspond-
ing to Gosiute so' -o-pi.

(3) -ump. — A nominal ending indicating, in most cases, material
or substance of service or use. In plant names it hence
generally indicates the plant or plant product as useful for
food. Its general use in this connection may be indicated
by the Gosiute word for oats, o-at-ump , which appears to be
simply the English word with -ump added.

The particle seems doubtless a development of -um or -m, and
-up ; i. e. of the combination -um-up or of -mup. Um or -m following
or added to a noun or noun group has a possessive or adjectival
effect. By transliteration -ump is derived. This may be seen, for
example, in the Gosiute word for currant (the berry), which corre-
sponds closely to the Ute, but is given because better known to me
in its changes. This word is po-gon-up , but quite as frequently is
heard as po-gump. Hence it will be easily seen why -ump is pri-
marily added to other nouns, in contrast with the preceding ending,
-up, which is primarily added to verbs, and also how, in most cases
where it would primarily be used, the force would be to indicate ma-
terial of service. The suffix is far most common in the combination
indicated under (4). Examples :

30

A M ERICA N A NTHR 0P0L0 GIS 7 '

[n. s., i i, 1909

po-gump , currant (the berry). The name for the plant as a whole is
po-gomp-iv , this being a good illustration of the point made pre-
viously that in plant names the ending -uv (-iv) has often the
force of 11 plant.”

ku-si-a-kitnip , balsam-root : ku-tsi-, gray, ashen, in reference to the
dense coat of hair on the plant, 4- a-ka , stalk, shoot, etc.,
4- -uinp. The young shoots, leaves, and their petioles, of this
plant were formerly eaten.
to-ump , service-berries.

(4) nump . — A development of the preceding, consisting of that in

combination with na , a particle primarily added to a verb to
indicate means or instrument, -na-ump becoming condensed
to - nump , which in turn has become an integral suffix. It
indicates instrument or means. Rarely it is used like
-limp or even -up where euphony is obtained thereby.
Examples :

ka-ri-nump , chair or saddle : ka-ri , sit down, -f- -nump.
ti-ki-nump , table : ti-ki , eat, 4- -nump.
ta-bi-nump , clock : ta-bi , sun, -f -nump.

tan-gi-nump , stirrup : apparently from ta , particle indicating the foot
or relation to it (nasalized, as is commonly so with vowels before
or b), 4 - gi, verbal particle indicating pressing or thrusting
into, -f -nump.

(5) ty d, r. — As an ending indicates quality, condition, or relation,

and hence primarily is adjectival. It is a common adjective
ending, such adjectives being sometimes used as nouns rep-
resenting things having the qualities indicated. It is the
ending in a number of plant names. Examples :
an-kar , red. (And so with other names of colors. Cf. the Gosiute
and Shoshoni ending in the equivalent t, in the combination
-bit ; as, an-ka-bit , red, tu-o-bit , black, etc.)
to-kar , black.
at , good.
a-bat, great.
tin-zi-er, hard.
na-ri-ent , strong.
ku-ber-ant , long, tall.
kwa-nar , kwa-na-ri , smelling, stinking.

CHAMBERLIN] PLAN 7 NAMES OF THE UTE INDIANS

31

pu-ner , pu-ne-ri , looking, seeing, vision, adj. Cf. pu-ni-ke , see ;

pu-ne-ri-nump , field-glass, i. e., ‘ vision instrument.’
kwi-o-kint , (1) circular, (2) circle: kwi-o-kin , to move or make
move in a circular path, etc., +

fi-ga-kint , (1) touching, bordering, (2) boundary-line: ti-ga-kin ,
to put against, to touch, to border, + t.

(6) -tc, - ts , -dfr. — A common ending in the names of plants and
animals, seeming quite generally to indicate an object living
or regarded as living, a person or part of a living thing or
person. The usage may be indicated by the word for mule,
mu-rats. This seems to come from the English word mule,
the /, which does not occur in Ute, being replaced by r (cf.
ka-va, horse, apparently from Spanish caballo, the It here
being wholly dropped) and ts added. It is a very com-
mon ending in plant names, perhaps that most frequent.
Examples :

a-ran-gutc,

locust.

uwits,

plover.

o-num-butc ,

badger.

ai-peds ,

boy.

sa-ritc,

dog.

to-wats,

man.

ta-bun-dsitc ,

fox.

na-ni-peds,

old man.

yum-butc,

porcupine.

pi -ads,

mother.

no-vintc ,

person, Ute.

pu-rets,

arm.

wan-dsitc,

antelope.

It may be found that ats ( ets, tits), occurring so frequently as an
ending in Ute plant names, is in some cases to be regarded as integral
(secondarily) and as alone the name or as having been the name of
a particular plant, as is the case in Gosiute. Here it is applied to
species of Amarantus, useful as food, and is made terminal in names
of some plants thought to resemble this one in appearance or use.
(7) ~in) ~n> -utn. — Following a noun indicates possession or relation
or gives the effect of an adjective to the noun to which
added. Examples :

o-pim-go-uv , fence : o-pi, wood, -f m , -f- go, .+ tiv. (Vid. ante
under -up. )

ka-bam-si-ta-gwiv , horse medicine : ka-ba , ka-va , horse, -f- m> + st~
ta-gwiv , medicine.

sa-gwam-si-ta-gwiv , Abronia fragrans, which is used as a stomach
medicine : sa-gwa-, stomach, -f m + si-ta-gwiv , medicine.

32

A MEX/CAJV A NTHR OPOL O GIS T

[n. s., ii, 1909

tim-pim-uv , Cystopteris fragilis : fun-pi , rock, -f uv, i. e. rock (lov-
ing) plant.

timp , timpi , mouth : ti, root meaning to strike or force into, cut
into, and hence to bite ; thus pertaining to a cutting object,
4- m, 4- bi , meaning part of a living body, etc. (Cf. the follow-
ing, and also the combination - bite , rare in Ute but common
in related dialects.)

namp , nam-pi , foot : na , thing beneath or supporting, bottom part,
etc., tn, 4- bi , as in the preceding.

List of Plants According to Scientific Names

Abronia fragrans Nutt. Sand Puff, sa-gwam-si-ta-gwiv : apparently
sa-gwa -, stomach, -f si-ta-gwiv , medicine. The roots and flowers
said to be used as a remedy in stomach and bowel trouble. The
name is probably not specific, and will likely be found to be applied
to other plants put to similar medicinal use.

Acer glabrum Torr. Maple, pa-wai- -uv : pa , water, 4- kwi-uv , oak.

Achillea millefolium L. Yarrow, i- am' -si-ta-gwiv : i-a, wound, etc.,
4- in, 4- si-ta-gwiv , medicine. Applied externally on bruises, etc.,
and also used as a tea in cases of sickness.

Agropyrum repens Beauv. Blue-joint. ? wai-.

Allium bisceptrum Watson, acuminatum Hook. Onion, kiin-ka .
Bulbs and leaves eaten.

Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. Service-berry, to-ump' . Berries were
formerly an important food, being used in season and also preserved
by drying for winter. Cf. Shoshoni and Gosiute ti' -ump.

Amsinckia tesselata. tu' -ka-rump. Cf. the Gosiute ku-ni-ro-ump.

Antennaria dimorpha Torr. and Gray, etc. Everlasting. tim'-pin-
tsau-iiv : tun-pi , rock, n, tsau, submerge, cover under, etc. ,
4- uv ; i. e., apparently, rock-matting plant.

Arabis holboelli Hornem. Rock Cress, qta-ko-mav.

Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Sage-brush, ma-av ; ma-ap. Leaves used
in decoction as medicine.

Asclepidiora decumbens Gray. Milkweed, sa-na' -ko-mav.

Aspidium filix-mas Schwartz. Wood Fern, kai! -ban-kwi-bis : kai-ba ,
mountain, -j- **, 4- kim-hia.

Astragalus iodanthus Watson. Buffalo Bean, ti' -wi-pi-tcum-av : prob-
ably from ti-wip , earth, -f tsu, tcu , press, press over, etc., -f m, -f
uv ; i. e., likely meaning earth or ground-matting plant.

Balsamorrhiza sagittata Nutt. ku-si' -a-kump : ku-si-, from ku-tsip ,

CHAMBERLIN] • PLANT NAMES OP THE UTE INDIANS

33

ashes, hence meaning gray or whitish, in reference to the whitish
covering of pubescence so conspicuous in this plant, + a-ka, shoot,
etc., + -ufnp. The young shoots and leaves were formerly eaten,
hence the name. The roots also were eaten to some extent.

Beckmannia erucaeformis Host. Slough Grass, a-w a f -o-gwiv : a-wat
-f- o-gwiv.

Berberis repens Lindl. Oregon Grape ; Barberry, ksip-o-a-ats.

Betula occidentalis Hook. Birch. ? pa-gwai'-uv.

Calochortus nuttallii Torr. and Gray. Sego. si' go. The bulbs of this
plant were formerly much used as food. The Gosiute and Shoshoni
name is identical.

Capsella bursa-pastoris Moench. Shepherd’s Purse, mo' -ten-de-ats.
Introduced into the region.

Capsella divaricata Walp. Shepherd’s Purse (native), mo' -ten-de-ats.

Carex jamesii Torr. Sedge, pi'-gwuts (prob. pa'-gwuts).

Castilleia parviflora Bong. Painted-cup. mo' -ten-dit. Root used as a
medicine in bowel trouble.

Caulanthus hastatus Watson, an-ga-ko-rimp.

Citrulus vulgaris (cultivated). Watermelon, shan-ti-kiit.

Claytonia caroliniana Michx. Spring Beauty. ti-bi-wu-tcunk. Formerly
the bulbs were eaten extensively.

Collinsia parviflora Dougl. mi' -pun-ga-shi" -ets. Plant said to have
been used externally as a remedy for sore flesh, like Gilia, q. vid.

Commandra pallida A. DC. Bastard Toad-flax. sa-gwa-si-un-guts.
Roots used as a medicine in headache, etc.

Cornus stolonifera Michx. Kinnikinnick ; Cornel, (i )kai'-siv; (2)
a-va-tu-tum-butc-um-av . Cf. the Shoshoni an-ba-sib, this name

referring to the red bark (“red willow,” probably). The Ute
name seems to be condensed.

Cowania mexicana Don. Cliff Rose, pu-i' -tcum-av.

Cymopteris longipes Watson, o-an-tuv. Leaves formerly boiled and
eaten as food. It seems probable that the Shoshoni name for this
plant, toi' -yan-diip ( toi'ya-bi , mountain, n, -f dup), preserves most

nearly the original form, and that the Ute o-an-tuv and the Gosiute
an-dsiip' are abbreviated.

Cystopteris fragilis Bernh. Fern, tim-pim-uv : tim-pi , rock, -f- m, -f- uv.

Delphinium menziesii DC. and bicolor Nutt. Larkspur, sa-gwa-rint.

Draba nemorosa L. Whitlow Grass, kus-pa-sen-di-at.

Eleocharis palustris R. Br. Spike-rush. pa-on-ga-da-pin-tid : pa-o ,
referring to water, + ga-da-pin-fid.

AM. ANTH., N. S., II — 3

I

34

AMERICAN ANTHR OPOL O GIS T

[n. s., i i, 1909

Elymus canadensis L. Lyme Grass, o-do-rum-biv. Seeds formerly
gathered as food.

Eragrostis purshii Schrad. kaib' -o-gwiv : kai-ba , mountain, -f o-gwiv.

Erigeron canus Gray. Fleabane. ? sa-gum-si-ta-gwiv .

Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. Silver-plant, k' sum-sed-au-ge-ets : prob-
ably from ku-tsim , ashen, gray, etc., -f- sed-an-ge-ets. Used as
medicine.

Equisetum arvense L. Horsetail. ( a ) fertile stems, tu-ko-wuts ; ( b )'

sterile stems, io-tsi-wuts.

Equisetum laevigatum Braun. Scouring -rush, ya-a! -ti-nump. Likely
from ya-a-gi, cry, call out, etc., 4- /, -f - niiinp , instrument, etc., in
reference to its use by children as whistles.

Eragrostis purshii Schrad. kaib' -o-gwiv.

Erodium cicutarium L’her. Storks-bill ; Alfilaria. pa'-bo-i-ats.

Erysimum asperum DC. sa' -go-a" -smt.

Ferula multifida Gray, to-tiiv. The root furnishes one of the medicines
most highly valued among this and related peoples. It is especially
applied externally upon wounds and bruises, being first reduced to a
pulp between stones or in a mortar. It is also used for distemper
in horses ; for this purpose it is burned in a pan held beneath the
horse’s nose.

Fritillaria atropurpurea Nutt. Tiger Lily; Brown Lily, kai’-rum-si-
ta-gwiv. The bulbs and roots used as medicine in the form of a
decoction. It is said to be taken but sparingly because in larger
quantities it is regarded as dangerously poisonous.

Fritillaria pudica Spreng. Buttercup ; Yellow Bell, pirn' -i-kwi-ets .
Formerly the bulbs were used as food.

Gilia gracilis Hook, yo-gum-si-ta-gwiv : yo'-gu-vitc , coyote, + m, 4-
si-ta-gwiv , medicine. Used as a poultice on bruised or sore leg.
In this connection cf. the Shosnoni name for this little Gilia, so
abundant in the region : i-am-bip , the first part of which would seem
to refer to wound.

Glaux maritima L. Sea-milkwort, tsun' -a-na-di-ets.

Grass (general term), o'-wiv.

Grayia polygaloides Hook and Arn. Shad Scale. ? sa'-muv.

Grindelia squarrosa Dunal. Gum-plant, ku-ats-um-si-ia-gw'iv : ku-
ats -f- um , possessive, 4- si-ta-gwiv , medicine. Said to be used as
a cough medicine. Cf. Senecio.

Guttierezia euthamiae Torr. and Gray. Lesser Rabbit Brush ; Torch-

weed. shpump. s

cham Berlin J PLANT NAMES OF THE UTE INDIANS

35

Hedysarum mackenzii Richard, kai-va-ma-mu-tca-kwuv ; mo’-tem-be-
lich : kai'va , mountain, -f- m , -f mu-tca-kwuv. Roots said to be
used as medicine.

Hydrophyllum capitatum. Waterleaf. o-af em-bi-ets .

Iva axillaris Pursh. tam-es -ta-gwiv ; ta-ma-si-ta-gwiv : ta-ma -|~ si-ta-
gwiv, medicine. Occasionally used as medicine.

Juncus balticus Deth. Bog-Rush, pau-wuv. Corresponding to the
Shoshoni and Gosiute name for the same plant, pa'hwap, also heard
more fully as pa! -um-up : pa-iim , aquatic, -j- up.

Juniperus californica var. utahensis. Cedar, wap. The name is
probably from wa-ap , meaning, in some dialects (e. g., Shoshoni),
to burn, the reference probably being to the use of the bark, etc.,
in making slow-match and for kindling purposes.

Krynitzkia sericea Gray. yuf -bi-shad-ump. Root used as stomach
medicine.

Lathyrus ornatus Nutt. Everlasting Pea. sa-gwa' -sa-int.

Lepidium intermedium Gray. Pepper-grass, sail -ga-mi-ants.

Lepidium sativum. Pepper-grass, wa' -to -ma-siv.

Lithospermum pilosum Nutt. Gromwell. tsut-kup. Roots used as
medicine in form of decoction ; diuretic in action. I have seen it
used by an old couple for this purpose.

Lonicera utahensis Watson. Woodbine, te-ed-kav : te-a, ti-a, deer, -f-
kav. Cf. the Gosiute name for this plant: parri-en-di-kup , mean-
ing elk food.

? Malvastrum munroanum Gray. False Mallow, sa-gwun-na-ga-ats.

Matricaria discoidea DC. May-apple, (ma)-mo-a-na-nump. Used as
a medicine.

Orogenia linearifolia Watson, pin-' ka-pai-ats .

Pachystima myrsinites Raf. Box. te-e-kav. Cf. Lonicera.

Pentstemon glaber Pursh. Beard-tongue, mu-tcem-bi-a .

Phacelia menziesii Torr. ? (ma)-mu' -tem-bi-a.

Phlox longifolia Nutt. Phlox ; Sweet William, (mo) -mu-' kwi-ets.

Pinus mojophylla (nuts of). Pine-nuts, ti-va.

Populus angustifolia James. Cottonwood, sho-av : sho -j- av, from
o-pi , wood. Cf. Gosiute so-o-pi.

Potentilla anserina L. Five finger, qie' -an-giv.

Pteris aquilina L. Brachen. kai-ban-kim-bis : kai-ba , mountain, +
n , -J- kim-bis. See also Aspidium filix-mas Schwartz.

Quercus undulata var. Rocky Mountain Oak ; Scrub Oak. kwi'-uv.
The Gosiute form is kwi-ni-up , and is sometimes heard as ku-ni-up.

36

AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST

[n. s., ii, 1909

Ranunculus aquatilis L. var. Buttercup, pai' -a-pu-ets.

Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh. Buttercup, pau-us-a-nau-ga-ant.

Rhus aromatica Ait. var. trilobata Gray. Sumach ; Squaw-berry.
mo-tam-bi-ats. The berries, are eaten.

Ribes aureum Pursh. Buffalo or Missouri Currant, po-gomp'-iv :
po-gomp , currant (the berry), -\- uv. Berries used as food.

Rosa fendleri Crepin. Rose, ah-ga-si-uh-giv : ah-kar , red,-}- si-ungen -,
stem, etc., -\- uv. Berries sometimes eaten.

Salix amygdaloides Anders., lasiandra Benth., var., and cordata
Muhl. k' sa-nav ; k' sa-ka-nav : ksa, probably shortened from

ku’-isi-y ashen, grayish, etc., + ka-nav\ willow. Used in bask-
etry, etc.

Salix flavescens Nutt. Willow, ta-ma-niimp-in-av ; ta-ma-nump-in -
ka-nav.

Salix longifolia Muhl. Willow, ka-nav' . Used in basketry, etc.

Scirpus validus Vahl. Bulrush. f su-saip. Lower, tender portions

eaten.

Senecio sp. Groundsel, ko-ats-em-si-ta-gwiv : ko-ats, -|- e??i, posses-
sive, -|- si-ta-gwiv. Used as medicine. Cf. Grindelia.

Shepherdia argentea Nutt. Buffalo -berry, an-gut-a-gwiv. Berries
formerly used as food to some extent.

Shepherdia canadensis Nutt, ta-ma-nump.

Sisymbrium canescens Nutt. Hedge Mustard, po-e' -tcem-en. Used
as medicine.

Smilacina amplexicaulis Nutt. False Solomon’s Seal, yo-gwo' -ta-
ma-nump : yo-go-vitc , coyote, -f- ta-ma-nump. Cf. the Gosiute
i-tcu-pain-po-go-nup , from i-tcu-pa , coyote, -f- n , possessive, -f po-go-
nup , berry, i. e., 1 coyote berry.’

Solanum tuberosum (cultivated). Potato tsih. Transferred from the
name of a native plant.

Streptanthus cordatus Nutt, o-nun-ga-ats.

Taraxicum officinale Weber. Dandelion. (jno)-mun' -ti-ad-qsiip.

Leaves formerly used as food. Cf. the Shoshoni mii-tca-gi-a.

Tellima parviflora Hook, an-gai-ya-ga-ti-nump.

Trifolium, general term. Clover, mo' -pi-ants ; mu' -pi-ants .

Trifolium pratense L. (introduced). Red Clover. ?sa -gwa -i n-di-up.

Triglochin maritimum L. Arrow-grass, pa'-sau-wa-dint.

Troximon sp. an-' ka-pi-sa-wats. Leaves formerly eaten, like the

dandelion.

CHAMBERLIN] PLANT NAMES OF THE UTE INDIANS

37

Valerianella congesta. an-go-i-ents.

Veronica aggerata Speedwell, pu’-i-ants.

Vicia americana Muhl. Vetch, ka-na-te' -ants ; pu-i-pi-um-av : pu-i-pi ,
blue, -f- um, + av . The second name refers to the blue or purplish
flower and is probably general.

Viola beckwithii. Wild Pansy, ka-bam-si-ta-gwiv : ka-ba , horse, -f
-f si’ -ta-gwiv, medicine.

Viola canina L. var. sylvestris Regel. Violet, sau’-o-ma-dnts.

Viola cuculiata Ait. Violet, sau-ed-in-do-ets. Roots used as medicine.
Zygadenus nuttallii Gray. Poison Sego. ta-bd’ -si-gwiv : ta'-bi, sun,
+ si-go, -j- iv, 1 sun sego. ’ The bulbs of this plant are poison,
hence the common name as given above. The sego proper is
Calochortus nuttallii.

Alphabetical List of Plants According to Ute Names

ah-gai-ya-ga-ti-nump . Tellima parviflora Hook.
an-ga-ko-rimp. Caulanthus hastatus Watson. Rose.
an-ga-si-un-giv . Rosa fendleri Crepin. Buffalo-berry.

an-go-i-ents. Valerianella congesta.
an-gut-a-gwiv . Shepherdia argentea Nutt.
an -ka-pi-sa-wats . Troximon sp.

a-va-tu-tum-butc-um-av . Cornus stolonifera Michx. Kinnikinnick ;

Cornel. Cf. kai'siv .

a-wat'-o-gwiv. Beckmannia erucseformis Host. Slough Grass.
i-am-si-ta-gwiv. Achillea millefolium L. Yarrow.
ka-bam-si-ta-gwiv. Viola beckwithii. Wild Pansy.
kai'-ban-kim-bis. Aspidium filix-mas Schwartz, Pteris aquilina L. Wood
fern ; Bracken.

kaib-o-gwiv. Eragrostis purshii Schrad.

kai-rum-si-ta-gwiv. Fritillaria atropurpurea Nutt. Tiger Lily ; Brown
lily.

kai-va-ma-mu-tca-kwuv . Hedysarum mackenzii Richard. Vetch.

kaib-o-gwiv. Eragrostis purshii. Kinnikinnick ; Cornel.

kai-siv. Cornus stolonifera Michx. Willow.

ka-na-te’ -ants. Vicia americana Muhl.

ka-nav . Salix longifolia Muhl.

ko-ats-em-si-ta-gwiv. Senecio sp.

k' s a- ka-nav ; ksa-nav. Salix amygdaloides Anders; Salix lasiandra
Benth. var. ; Salix cordata Muhl.
ksip-o-a-ats. Berberis repens Lindl. Oregon Grape ; Barberry.

38

AMERICAN ANTHR OPOL 0 G/S T

[n. s., ii, 1909

k} sum-sed-an-ge-ets. Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. Silver Plant.
ku-ats-um-si-ta-gwiv . Grindelia squarrosa Dunal. Gum Plant.
kiln-ka. Allium bisceptrum Watson ; Allium acuminatum Hook. Onion.
ku-si'-a kump. Balsamorrhiza sagittata Nutt. Balsam root ; Arrow root.
kus-pa-sen-di-at. Draba nemorosa L. Whitlow Grass.
kwi'-uv. Quercus undulata Torr. var. Rocky Mountain Oak ; Scrub
Oak.

ma-ab ; ma-av. Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Sage-brush.

? ( md)-mu-tem-bi-a . Phacelia menziesii Torr.
mi' -pi2n-ga-shi" -ets . Collinsia parviflora Dough
(ma) -mo-a-na-nump. Matricaria discoidea DC. May Apple.
mo-mu'-kwi-ets. Phlox longifolia Nutt. Phlox ; Sweet William.
mo-pi-ants. Various species of Trifolium. Clover.

mo-tam-bi-ats . Rhus aromatica Ait. var. trilobata Gray. Sumach ;
squaw -berry.

mo -tbi-de-ats. Capsella bursa-pastoris Moench. ; Capsella divaricata
Walp. Shepherd’s purse.

mo' -ten-dit. Castilleia parviflora Bong. Painted-cup.

(mo)-mun' -ki-ad-ksup. Taraxacum officinale Weber. Dandelion.

mu’ -tcem-bi-a. Phacelia menziesii Torr.

o'-ant-uv. Cymopteris longipes Watson.

o-at' -em-bi-ets. Hydrophyllum capitatum. Water leaf.

o-do-rum-biv . Elymus canadensis L. Lyme Grass.

o-niin-ga-ats. Streptanthus cordatus Nutt.

o-wiv. Grass (in general).

pa' -bo-i-dts. Erodium cicutarium L’her. Stork’s Bill ; Alfilaria.

? pa-gwai' -uv. Betula occidentals Hook. Birch.
pai' -a-pu-i-ets. Ranunculus aquatilis L. var. Buttercup.
pa-on-ga- da-pin- fid. Eleocharis palustris R. Br. Spike-rush.
pa' -sau-wa-dint. Triglochin maritimum L. Arrow Grass.
pan-iis-a-nan-ga-ant. Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh. Buttercup.
pau-wuv. Juncus balticus Deth. Bog-rush.
pa-wai'-iiv. Acer glabrum Torr. (see also pa-gwai' -itv'). Maple.
pi-gwuts. Carex Jamesii Torr. Sedge.

pim’ -i-kwi-ets . Fritillaria pudica Spreng. Yellow Bell ; Buttercup.
pin' -ka-pai-ats. Orogenia linearifolia Watson.
po-e' -tcem-en. Sisymbrium canescens Nutt. Hedge Mustard.
po-gomp’ -iv. Ribes aureum Pursh. Buffalo or Missouri Currant ; Cur-
rant.

pu'-i-ants. Veronica aggerata. Speedwell.

Chamberlin] PLANT NAMES OP' THE UTE INDIANS

39

pu-i-pi-um-av. Vicia americana Muhl. Vetch.
pu-i' -t cum- av. Cowania mexicana Don. Cliff Rose.
qta! -ko-mav. Arabis holboelli Hornem. Rock Cress.
qte' -an-giv. Potentilla anserina L. Five Finger.
sa' -go-a"-sint. Erysimum asperum DC.

? sa-gum-si-ta-gwiv. Erigeron canus Gray. Fleabane.
sa-gwa-in-di-up. ? Trifolium pratense L. ? Red Clover.
sa-gwam-si-ta-gww. Abronia fragrans Nutt. Sand Puff.
sa-gwa-rint . Delphinium menziesii DC.; Delphinium bicolor Nutt.

Larkspur.

sa-gwa' -sa-int. Lathyrus ornatus Nutt. Everlasting pea.
sa-gwa-si-uh-guts. Commandra pallida A. DC. Bastard Toad- flax.
sa-gwun-na-ga-ats. ? Malvastrum munroanum Gray. ? False Mallow.
sa-muv. PGrayia polygaloides Hook and Arn. ? Shad Scale.
sa-na' -ko-mav. Asclepidiora decumbens Gray. Milkweed.
sau-ed-in-do-ets. Viola cucullata Ait. Violet.
sau-ga-mi-ants. Lepidium intermedium Gray. Pepper*grass.
sau! -o-ma-ants. Viola canina L. var. sylvestris Regel. Violet.
shan-ti-kut. Citrulus vulgaris. Watermelon.
sho-av. Populus angustifolia James. Cottonwood.

shpiimp. Guttierezia euthamiae Torr. and Gray. Rabbit-brush ; Torch-
weed.

si-go Calochortus nuttallii Torr. and Gray. Sego.
ta-ba! -st-gwiv. Zygadenus nuttallii Gray. Poison Sego.
ta-ma-nump. Shepherdia canadensis Nutt.

ta-ma-nump-in-uv ; ta-ma-nump-in-ka-nav. Salix flavescens Nutt. Vid.

sub. Salix in preceding list. Willow.
ta-ma-si-ta-gwiv ; ta-mes' -ta-gwiv. Iva axillaris Pursh.

te-ed-kav. Lonicera utahensis. Woodbine.
te-e-kav. Pachystima myrsinites Raf. Box.
ti-bi-wu-tckn. Claytonia caroliniana Michx. Spring-beauty.
tim' -pin-tsau-uv. Antennaria dimorpha Torr. and Gray. Everlasting.
tim-pik-uv. Cystoperis fragilis Bernh. Fern.
ti-va. Nuts of Pinus monophylla Torr. Pine-nuts.
ti' -wi-pi-tcum-av. Astragalus iodanthus Watson. Buffalo-bean ; Rattle-
weed.

to-tsi-wuts. Equisetum arvense L., sterile stems. Horsetail.
to-tuv . Ferula multifida Gray.

to-ump . Amelanchier alni folia Nutt. Service-berry.
tsin. Solanum tuberosum. Potato.

40

A ME RICA N ANTHR 0P0L0 CIS 7

[N. s., ii, 1909

tsun' -a-na-di-ets . Glaux maritima L. Sea milkwort.
f su-saip. Scirpus validus Vahl. Bulrush.
tsut-kup. Lithospermum pilosum Nutt. Gromwell.
tu-ka-rump. Amsinckia tesselata.

tu-ko-wuts. Equisetum arvense L., fertile stems. Horsetail.

wai. ? Agropyrum repens Beauv. Blue-joint grass.

wap. Juniperus californica var. utahensis. Cedar juniper.

wa’ -to-ma-siv. Lepidium sativum. Pepper-grass.

ya-a’ -ti-nump. Equisetum laevigatum Braun. Scouring Rush.

yo-gu?n-si-ta-gwiv. Gilia gracilis Hook. Gilia.

yo-gwo -ta-ma-nump. Smilacina amplexicaulis. Nutt. False Solomon’s
Seal.

yu' -bi-shad-ump. Krynitzkia sericea Gray.

Provo, Utah

r

b

*

*»

3 0112 105209024