Ptoss BT741
Book. ,^75
Copyright W ..
COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT:
THE SOUL
ITS ORGAN AND
DEVELOPMENT
FROM MAN TO SUPERMAN
Jasper William Corey, M. D.
(all rights reserved)
Published by Progressive Publishing Company
523 W. Eighth Street, Los Angeles, Cal., U. S. A. 1913
Copyright, 1913, by Jasper William Corey, M. D.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published May, 1913.
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
1. The Social Upheaval; Its Cause and
Remedy 19
2. The Brains; Their Nature and Functions.
Historical 31
3. Metaphysics 45
4. The Mind; Its Organ and Development.. 51
5. Psychology, the Science of the Soul; Its
Powers and Functions 59
6. The Soul; Its Organ, and Analysis of Its
Faculties 69
7. Dualism ; the Old and New Interpretation.
Mysticism 87
8. Superman; The Meaning Not Clearly
Understood. Definition 97
9. The True Progress of Mankind, and How
Promoted 105
10. Education; Its Purport and Aims Ill
11. Sociology, in Relation to Man's Develop-
ment 125
12. Teaching, Developing the Soul Faculties.. 141
"The science of the Soul is the most attractive and in- teresting of the sciences; it is also, because of the world's ignorance of the subject, the most difficult."
PREFACE
"We must know what our predecessors have known, if we do not wish to deceive ourselves and others." — Hip- pocrates.
How can we know that which our predecessors have known? By study- ing the records of their learning, and by scientific research. Scientific research constantly enlarges the boundary of knowledge, and increases true learning.
Varo divided the past ages of the world into three periods : the unknown, the fabulous and the historical. The first period lies buried in the silence and oblivion of remote antiquity. Practi- cally the only hints of it, preserved to us at the present time, are contained in the Hebrew Scriptures. The second period we find described by ancient poets such
as Homer and Hesiod, and others who wrote in a day even more remote. The third period is recorded in historical writings, to which we may refer with reasonable certainty.
The Bible is the great book of life. It depicts evil as well as goodness in human character, deed and environment, and plainly indicates how evil may be avoided, and its opposite attained. Whatever of error, myth or legend may be contained in the Scriptures, the value of their presentation of the right rule of living for the entire human race re- mains.
Bacon tells us that the secret learning of the ancients seems separated and con- cealed from the history and knowledge of the following ages by a veil of poetic fables, interposing between the things that are lost, and those that remain. Fables, parables and allegories, he goes
10
on to say, are of great use to instruct or illustrate. ' ' Every man of any learn- ing/' he maintains, "must readily allow that this method of instructing is ex- ceedingly useful, and sometimes neces- sary in the sciences, as it opens an easy and familiar passage to the human mind. Hence, in the first ages, while the minds of men were incapable of receiv- ing such things as did not fall under and strike the senses, fables, parables and al- legories were of necessity resorted to."
By referring to historical records, which are now easily obtained in the li- braries, we may determine what has been discovered on most any subject during the historical period.
At present mankind does not seem to be moving visibly toward the highest ideal in the conduct of life. "The great masses are drifting without compass or chart, waiting for a prophet to deliver
11
them. They are quite generally dissat- isfied with the prevailing industrial sys- tems, governments and religions. "
A careful review of the progress of man in past ages brings to light the fol- lowing facts. Millions upon millions of human beings have perished from the earth without contributing to the prog- ress of humanity. These left no records. A few thousands, through research, ex- ploration and experiment, have added their quota to the deep-laid foundations of exact knowledge. Their names are preserved in history. But only a few great Souls seem to have been chosen to perform the one highest service allot- ted to man in the interests of the real progress of humanity. These have summed up and sifted the ethical signifi- cance of past events, deducing from their investigations truths which serve as beacon lights to men, and constitute
the real landmarks of history. The most important of their discoveries is that in the development of the higher or intellectual faculties lies the hope of humanity.
The topics of religion and immortal- ity have no place in this volume, whose purpose is limited to the investigation of the organs of the mind and of the Soul, the faculties through which they find expression, and their development. The Soul, religion and immortality have been considered inseparable since the days of antiquity, and are almost invariably grouped together in treatises on the Soul. Because of this the author wishes to make plain the fact that in the present pages this trinity will not be considered as inseparable, the Soul, independently, being the subject of dis- cussion.
13
DISCLAIMER
The author is aware of his ignorance and incapacity to formulate an educa- tional system adequate to solve the great problem of life. His crude effort may posibly be the means of causing others, better qualified, to give man- kind a clearer solution. This is the problem: how may ignorant, and bar- barous human beings be changed into what we may call the super-human — the wise, the educated, the humane? If there be a word of truth in history, there has never been a civilized State or Nation upon earth. Civilization means education, refinement, cultiva- tion, righteousness, benevolence, the prevalence of the kind and loving spirit in the highest sense of the term. It means "Love thy neighbor as thy- self"; and that " Righteousness exalt- eth a Nation."
14
Alfred Russell Wallace writes: " Compared with our astonishing prog- ress in physical science, and its prac- tical application, our system of govern- ment, of administrative justice, of na- tional education, and our entire social and moral organization remains in a state of barbarism. Recently I have been meditating upon the condition of human progress, and have taken a gen- eral survey of all history from those wonderful new discoveries in Egypt, going back 7,000 years, to the present day, I have come to the general con- clusion that there has been no advance either in intellect or morals from the days of the earliest Egyptians and Syr- ians down to the keel-laying of the lat- est dreadnaught. Through all those thousands of years, morals and intel- lect have been stationary."
"The fault of our present defective educational system does not lie in the
15
lack of enthusiasm or facilities, but in not understanding the fundamental principles that are vital to higher de- velopment. "We teachers are search- ing for the fundamental principles of the thing we are trying to do. I have had the experience of feeling that I was bending all my efforts to do a thing which was not susceptible of being done, and that the teaching that I pro- fessed to do was done in a vacuum, as if done without an atmosphere in which the forces might be transmuted." These are the interesting words of Woodrow Wilson.
If the Supreme Being desires to com- municate to man the mysteries of the higher life, man must be endowed with the higher faculties before he may be able to understand these mysteries. The higher faculties are those of the intellect — the faculties of the Soul.
16
An educational system that does not develop the intellectual faculties, and reveal the secret of power, is not worthy the name.
Intentionally sentences and para- graphs have been repeated.
17
Chapter I.
THE SOCIAL UPHEAVAL, ITS CAUSE AND EEMEDY
"What ought people to be? How can we change them from what they are to what they ought to be?"
"In view of the disturbed mental and social conditions of our time, this age has to inquire what kind of knowl- edge is best worth having."
"It is the business of science to transfer something of value from the unknown to the realm of the known."
"We ought not to expect that things, which have never yet been done, can be done except by means which have never been tried."
In the month of September, 1911, John Graham Brooks — at one time professor of political economy at Harvard Uni- versity— said, while speaking to young Unitarian ministers in Berkeley: "We are facing a crisis in the United States at this time just as serious, or more se- rious than the crisis before the Civil War. We are in the midst of a re^volu-
19
THE SOUL
tion. I don't mean that it is coming. It is here." This man, famed for his knowledge of matters of vital import- ance to all mankind, is now lecturer on economics at the University of Califor- nia.
The condition of which he spoke ob- tains not only in our own country. The same unrest may be observed every- where. It hangs as a funnel-shaped cloud on the horizon, coming nearer and nearer, growing larger and more fear- some as the cyclone approaches. To those who do not like this metaphorical presentation of the facts it can only be said that self-deception is not only fu- tile, but dangerous. Very little stands between us and the on-coming trouble. We need to know what it means, for if we do not interest ourselves in it, it will soon interest itself in us.
ITS 0KGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
Let us glance at the recent industrial crisis in staid and steady England. Men were astonished by the violence which was precipitated almost without warn- ing. An eye witness writes: " Thou- sands of soldiers and policemen were hurrying hither and thither to quell the outbreaks and save property. Violence was on every hand. One thing I espe- cially noticed was the strange appear- ance of men's faces. With many it was a vacant look ; others seemed almost in- sane. Perplexity was written every- where. Why this unrest? Those in power oppress the weak, the weak com- bine, and resort to violence. And daily conditions grow worse. "
In Leslie's Weekly of August 24th, 1911, is the following striking editorial : 1 ' What is the matter % The world seems to be upset. Agitation, unrest and dis-
21
THE SOUL
trust prevail. Kingdoms are being up- rooted, monarchies undermined. Great labor disturbances, with loss of life, are chronicled on both sides of the ocean. Lynchings, north and south, of innocent and guilty, are reported. Mobs gather at the slightest provocation, and rioters, old and young, defy the authorities.
' ' The divorce courts are working over- time. Legislative bodies are debauched by demagogues, and rankest corruption is widespread. The theatres are crowd- ed, while the pews are empty. Under what sign of the zodiac are we living? Conditions in our cities are serious. Many realize this. There is coming rapidly and surely an almost universal guilt upon the inhabitants of the cities, because of the steady increase of de- termined wickedness. We are living in the midst of an epidemic of crime, at
22
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
which thoughtful men and women stand aghast. The corruption that prevails is beyond the power of the pen to describe. Every day brings fresh revelations of political strife, bribery and fraud ; every day brings its heart-sickening record of violence and lawlessness ; of indifference to human suffering; of brutal, fiendish destruction of human life. Every day testifies to the increase of insanity, mur- der and suicide. The cities of to-day are fast becoming like Sodom and Go- morrah. Holidays are numerous; the whirl of excitement and pleasure at- tracts thousands from the sober duties of life. The exciting sports — theatre- going, racing, gambling, liquor-drinking and reveling stimulate every passion to activity. The youth are swept away by the popular current. They give them- selves up to social gaiety and thought-
23
THE SOUL
less mirth. They are led on from one form of dissipation to another, until they lose both the desire and the ca- pacity for a life of usefulness. By ev- ery species of oppression and extortion men are piling up colossal fortunes, while the multitude are struggling with poverty, compelled to work for small wages, unable to secure the barest nec- essities of life. Toil and deprivation, with no hope of better things, make their burden heavy. When pain and sickness are added, the burden is almost unbearable. Careworn and oppressed, they know not where to turn for relief. This is a picture of conditions to-day."
THE CAUSE
What is the cause of this terrible con- dition of society % Ignorance is the fun- damental cause; then comes the use of drugs — poisonous compounds taken into
to
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
the system for the purpose of producing artificial physical effects. Only those who have given attention to this sub- ject have any conception of the quantity of alcohol, opium, tobacco, and number- less other drugs used by the present generation. It has been generally sup- posed that we, as a race, are gaining in physical vigor. But such is not the case. On the contrary our actual phys- ical vigor is diminishing. It must now be generally admitted that the hygienic standard of the toilers in our great cities deteriorates with every generation. A study of the life of the people in the countries where the degeneration is most marked will reveal the fact that there is an almost constant resort to ar- tificial stimulants. All nations are suf- fering from the blight ; and the stimu- lant employed is not liquor alone. It
THE SOUL
can matter little what drug is used, all have the same general effect on the hu- man constitution. In New York City alone the increase during the last five years in the demand for cocaine has been four hundred per cent. In England this habit is rapidly spreading.
It is not hard work that brings about the prevalent physical and mental wreckage, for our forefathers worked harder, and did not have the labor-sav- ing devices of our present day. It is due to abnormal habits and the abuse of the physical system. And when human be- ings, their physical constitutions ruined, their mentality blighted by the use of drugs, become parents, it is not difficult to surmise whence comes our criminal class. " Within one year from this day ten thousand people will have been mur- dered in the United States, in which
26
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
country 126 out of each million inhabi- tants are murdered annually. In Can- ada the percentage is only seven to the million. Murderers increase in num- bers, while the percentage of punish- ments decrease.''
The Chicago Tribune says: "We are drifting into national degeneracy. We are becoming a crowd of well-drilled, well-disciplined, commonplace individ- uals, with strong Philistine habits, and notions of general mediocrity. We have clever business men, cunning artisans, resourceful politicians, adyoit leaders of new cults, but no artists, no scientists, no philosophers, no statesmen, no gen- uine talent, and no true genius. Boris Sidis, one of the leading psychologists of the times, says we are blind to the barbaric evils of our environment — in fact, he calls us bat-blind, mole-blind,
27
THE SOUL
and stone-blind. And what are the un- derlying causes of this state of affairs % 'Our vicious system of education, and our drunken optimism/ declares this writer, in no moderate terms. Our edu- cators are owl-wise, narrow-minded pedants, ignorant of the real, vital problems of human interest."
THE REMEDY.
Before the present unsatisfactory condition of society can be made bet- ter, it will become necessary to formu- late and inculcate a scientific, educa- tional system which will bring about a transformation in the mentality of hu- man beings. Scientific education alone has power to raise humanity to a higher level of understanding, and to enable men to cast aside the unnaturally ac- quired and degenerating habits which enslave them. Our people are being
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
destroyed for lack of knowledge. They ought to be civilized; at present they are in a condition of thinly-veiled sav- agery. And it shall be the purpose of the chapters which follow to demon- strate how this purpose may be accom- plished; and to answer the question: "How may the members of our human family be changed from what they are to what they ought to be?"
99
Chapter II.
THE BRAINS, THEIR NATURE
AND FUNCTIONS. HISTORICAL
"There is a principle which is a bar against all in- formation, which is proof against all argument, and which cannot fail to keep a man in everlasting ignorance: this principle is contempt prior to examination."
The brains have heretofore been con- sidered one organ with two hemis- pheres. This description is no longer correct. The brains are a pair of or- gans, as are the ears and eyes.
HISTORICAL
The Hebrews, and others who lived before them, do not appear to have had any knowledge of the brain. The word brain does not appear in the Scrip- tures.
31
THE SOUL
Alcmaeon, a pupil of Pythagoras of Crotona, (500 B. C), the first anato- mist, and who is said to have discov- ered the optic nerve and Eustacian tubes, taught that the brain was the source of feeling and movement, and that it was, also, the seat of the mind.
Lucippus, the " laughing philoso- pher,' ' (B. C. 460), and one of the greatest spirits of all time, taught that a healthy condition of the brain implies mental health; and that disease of the organ implies mental disease — a point of view not reached again until the eighteenth century. He, too, recognized the brain as the seat of the mind.
Plato, (B. C. 427), assumed two principles : absolute intelligence and matter. The human Soul he declared to be an emanation from absolute in- telligence. Its immortal part, he
32
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
claimed, dwells in the spherical head, its mortal part resides in the body, and mind has its seat in the heart. The heart is the origin of the blood ves- sels, and, as the seat of the mind, re- ceives through it the commands of the superior Soul.
Paraxagoras, (B. C. 325), acquired immortal fame by his discovery of the distinction between arteries and nerves. The brain, according to his hypothesis, was a mere dependence of the spinal cord, the heart being the origin of the nerves.
Aristotle, (B. C. 384), distinguished the nerves as such, but called them ca- nals of the brain, which organ he de- scribed as bloodless, and of the largest size in man.
Herophilus, (B. C. 325), a pupil of Paraxagoras of Cos, knew the nerves,
33
THE SOUL
and ascribed to them capacity for sen- sation. According to him, the fourth cerebral ventricle is the seat of the Soul.
Erasistratus, (B. C. 312), divided the nerves into those of sensation and mo- tion, the former arising from the brain substance, the latter from the mem- branes. As regards the brain, he de- scribed accurately its structure, con- volutions and ventricles. He regarded the convolutions of the cerebrum — and still more those of the cerebellum — as the seat of thought, and located mental diseases in the brain.
Claudius Galen, (A. D. 131), was to the medical world what Aristotle was to the philosophical — the leading law- giver of both Christians and Arabians during the entire Middle Ages. He therefore attained the widest reputa-
34
ITS OKGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
tion of all physicians up to his time. He claimed the brain to be the seat of the rational Soul, and an organ for cooling the heart. The animal spirits, he asserted, are the cause of the Soul's activity. They originate from the blood, but in the brain become animal spirits. He demonstrated that the brain is the seat of thought and feel- ing; and this is accepted as fact to- day.
MODERN DISCOVERIES
From Galen's time until 1861 — a period of about seventeen hundred years — no valuable discoveries were made. An eminent French surgeon, Paul Broca, in 1861 read a paper be- fore a society in Paris, in which he de- clared that he had located the seat of articulate speech in the third frontal convolution of the brain, which is now
35
THE SOUL
called to his honor Broca's convolu- tion. He cited several post-mortem examinations of the brains of persons paralyzed on one side, with loss of speech, due to apoplexy. It was dem- onstrated that, in all cases, Broca's con- volution was damaged.
This fact led to the investigation of the brain for the seats of other facul- ties. Within the past decade, it has been shown that the special senses and motion have their anatomical seats in the brain. These anatomical seats are found in both brains, or hemispheres, and are congenital. The astonishing fact was, however, demonstrated that the seat of the faculty of speech is de- veloped in but one hemisphere. When Broca's convolution, which is the seat of speech, is damaged, the power of speech is lost, although the correspond-
36
ITS 0KGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
ing convolution in the other hemis- phere remains uninjured. It was dis- covered that the hand of the infant which it uses most readily determines which hemisphere shall be used for the faculty of speech, the speech centers be- ing located in the left brain with right- handed persons, and in the right brain with left-handed persons. The nerves cross at the base of the brain like the letter X.
CONCLUSIONS
Post-mortems on persons who have been paralyzed for years on one side, where arm and leg were affected, have demonstrated that the subjects' thoughts, actions and ability to attend to business were not impaired, provid- ing the limbs were paralyzed on the left side of right-handed persons, on the opposite side of left-handed per-
37
THE SOUL
sons. The great fact has thus been con- clusively proven that all of the seven mental faculties of the human mind are located in one hemisphere of the brain. If, therefore, but one hemis- phere is required for all of the faculties of the mind, the other hemisphere may be used for the higher or intelectual faculties. The great physiologist, Sir Michael Foster, remarked: "We are. completely in the dark as to the reason why we have two hemispheres." Phys- iologists have left us with an organ un- named, unused, and its functions un- known.
This organ may be named the Super- human Brain, the organjof the higher or intelectual faculties — the faculties of the Soul. In speaking of the two hemispheres of the brain they shall hereinafter be termed the Human
38
ITS OKGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
Brain and the Super-human Brain, the Human Brain being the organ of the mind, and the Super-human Brain be- ing that of the Soul.
NEKVOUS SYSTEM
*"The nervous matter is divided into two great systems, as follows: (1) The cerebro-spinal system, composed of the brain and spinal cord with the nerves directly connected with these centers. This system is specially connected with the functions of relation, or of animal life. The centers preside over general sensation, the special senses, volun- tary and some involuntary movements, intellectation, and, in short, all of the functions that characterize the animal. (2) The sympathetic system. This sys- tem is specially connected with the f unc-
* Austin Flint, Jr., M.D., L.L.D. Text Book of Hu- man Physiology, Third Edition, 1886.
39
THE SOUL
tions relating to nutrition. Although this system presides over functions en- tirely distinct from those characteristic of and peculiar to animals, the centers of this system all have an anatomical and physiological connection with the cerebro-spinal nerves.
"High in the animal scale, the gen- eral development of the nervous sys- tem presents little, if any, variation; hut special attributes are co-existent with the development of special or- gans. The development in this way of particular portions of the nervous sys- tem is in accordance with the peculiar conditions of existence of different ani- mals ; it is a necessary part of their or- ganization, and is not dependent upon education or intelligence. Examples of this are in the extraordinary develop- ment of the sense of sight, hearing or
40
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
smell in different animals. There are animals in which these special senses possess a delicacy of perception to which men can never attain; but man stands immeasurably above all other be- ings by virtue of the immense prepond- erance of what is known as the ence- phalic portion of the nervous system. These brief considerations will convey some idea of the physiological import- ance of the nervous system ; of the care which should be exercised in its study. The nervous system is anatomically and physiologically distinct from all sys- tems and organs in the body. It re- ceives impressions made upon the term- inal branches of its sensory portion, and it conveys stimulus to parts, de- termining and regulating the opera- tion of their functions; but its physio- logical properties are inherent, and it
41
THE SOUL
gives to no tissue or organ its special power of performing its particular function. The nervous system connects into a co-ordinate organism all parts and organs of the body. It is the me- dium through which all impressions are received. It animates or regulates all movements, voluntary and involuntary. It regulates the functions of secretion, nutrition, calorification, and all the pro- cesses of organic life.
"In addition to its functions as a medium of conduction and communica- tion, the nervous system, in certain of its parts, is capable of receiving impres- sions, and of generating a stimulating influence, or force, peculiar to itself — nerve force. The nerve-cells are the only parts capable, under any circum- stances, of generating the nerve-force. There is no exception to this rule. The
42
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
so-called nervous irritability enables the nerves to conduct from the centers to the periphery a force which is generated in the gray substance. This is the nerve force. Its production is one of the most remarkable of the phenomena of life; and its essence, or the exact mechanism of its generation, is one of the problems that has thus far eluded the investiga- tions of physiologists. We know, how- ever, that the nerves serve simply as conductors, and the nerve-cells generate the nerve-force. It is evident, also, that all of the vital phenomena are controlled through this wonderful agent; and, throughout our study of the nervous system, we shall be constantly investi- gating the phenomena attending the operation of the nerve-force, while we are compelled to admit our ignorance of its essential nature.
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THE SOUL
"No one, at the present day, pretends that the nerve-force is identical with any form of electricity; and the ques- tion does not now demand discussion.
"Our study of the nerve-force, then, leaving its essential nature unexplained, is confined to a description of its char- acteristic phenomena. ' '
44
Chapter III. METAPHYSICS
"Either there is or there is not a higher life than rec- ognized by our ordinary selves. If there is, it is the busi- ness of science to ascertain its nature, and teach us how we may attain it."
The term metaphysics was first ap- plied to a group of philosophical disser- tations by Aristotle, because they came after his treatises upon physical mat- ters. Artistotle said: "That which is first in order of being is last in order of knowledge. ' ' The term has since been given various meanings.
Metaphysics is the science which de- termines what can and what cannot be known of being, and the laws of being. It is the science of mental and intellect- ual phenomena — hence: the scientific
45
THE SOUL
knowledge of mental and intellectual phenomena. The subdivisions of meta- physics are mental science and psychol- ogy. Mental science has to do with the development and functions of the men- tal faculties which constitute the mind. Psychology is the science of the Soul, and has to do with the higher or intel- lectual faculties of the Soul. The men- tal faculties are knowledge, memory, speech, conception, imagination, judg- ment and reason. These faculties are developed from without by impressions received through the medium of the senses. The intellectual or Soul facul- ties are developed within by the power of the will — " analytic insight."
The faculties of the Soul are knowl- edge of good and evil, wisdom, under- standing, righteousness, benevolence, purity and love. There is a certain dy-
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ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
namic impulse derived from thought and knowledge — " analytic insight; and this insight arises from concentration of all the developed powers upon the sub- ject in hand to the exclusion of all others, marshalling all of the facts and opinions obtainable upon it, dwelling on these, scrutinizing and comparing them till a light flashes on the whole subject." We then perceive clearly.
The definition of this science is gener- ally understood as the scientific knowl- edge of mental phenomena — mental philosophy — a science occupied exclu- sively with mind. Metaphysics should mean the relation of the mental, intel- lectual and physical faculties in their conjoint operation in man — the relation of function, or interdependence between body, mind and Soul. That which has to do exclusively with the development and
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THE SOUL
nature of the mind should be termed mental science ; and that which concerns the Soul alone, psychology. In the au- thor's opinion, this division and defin- ing of metaphysics will be of benefit to students of this science.
" Metaphysicians have theorized and discussed the origin and nature of the human mind for centuries, and have never discovered the physical basis or lo- cation of the mental faculties. Medical men have made all of these discoveries. The science of metaphysics is not thought well of at this time, and many writers use another term instead — psy- chology. ' ' The term psychology is, how- ever, much more confusing, and its true meaning less understood than the term metaphysics. Psychology is a higher science than that of the mind. Its true meaning is the science of the Soul — the
48
ITS 0KGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
science that has to do with the higher or intellectual faculties which belong exclusively to the Soul. The term psy- chology should never be used in connec- tion with the mental or mind faculties if we wish to avoid endless confusion. Descartes writes : ' ' The human mind is but a point ; we have found no guaran- tee for its continuous existence. There is no question more important to solve than that of knowing what human knowledge is, and how far it extends. The mind appears to be shut up in the magic circle of its own ideas, without capacity to pass beyond, or contemplate anything but its own ideas. "
Man has become weary of his thoughts, and seeks for higher power to free him from his mental prison. The Soul soars, the mind grovels.
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Chapter IV.
THE MIND, ITS OBGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
"The human mind is but a point . . . appears to be shut up in the magic circle of its own ideas."
— Descartes.
"The mind has its limits; its boundary reached, it knows not whither to go."
Maeterlinck.
The physical basis of the mind is the hemisphere, or brain, in which the seven faculties of the mind are located and developed. These faculties are de- veloped by impressions from without, received through the medium of the senses. The mental faculties are knowl- edge, memory, speech, conception, imag- ination, judgment and reason. When the faculties of the mind act co-ordinate- ly, the result is the will. The will is the
51
^
THE SOUL
highest power or faculty of the human mind, and is plainly the endowment by which man is capable of choosing, and deciding to do or not to do.
Romanes claims that man's highest mental powers have arisen from the lower stages of the same faculties in his primate ancestors, and that he has no single mental faculty which is his ex- clusive prerogative. His whole mental life, indeed, differs from that of the nearest related mammals only in degree, and not in kind. Human speech differs from that of the brutes only in degree of development, not in essence or kind.
Huxley's statement is: "As to the convolutions, the brains of the apes ex- hibit every stage of progress, from the almost smooth brain of the marmoset to the orang and chimpanzee, which fall but little below man. So far as cerebral
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ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
structure goes, therefore, it is clear that men differ less from the chimpanzee and orang, than these do even from the mon- keys, and that the difference between the brain of the chimpanzee and of man is almost insignificant when compared with that between the chimpanzee brain and that of a lemur."
The human brain is the organ of the mind, and mind cannot exist apart from this brain. ' i The mind, in the last analysis," Dr. William Hanna Thom- son affirms, "is the product of the com- position and properties of brain matter ; and its operations, of whatever sort, are reactions among the brain elements to the play of external forces. ' '
PECULIARITIES OF BRAIN FUNCTIONS
It has been repeatedly demonstrated that persons have lived for several years with one hemisphere of the brain de-
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THE SOUL
stroyed by disease. Yet none of their mental faculties were impaired. They thought, acted, and attended to busi- ness as well as before the injury to one hemisphere, the only noticeable differ- ence being that one side of their bodies was incapable of voluntary movements. Dr. Pierce Bailey, in the March number of the American Journal of Medical Sciences, 1889, gives the history of a patient about fifty years of age, para- lyzed on the left side. He lived ten years, and showed no sign that his mental faculties were impaired. After death, the autopsy proved that the right hemisphere of the brain was disorganized and atrophied. Dr. Bailey, in commenting on this, said: " Put- ting all together, the man during life manifested nothing to indicate that the power of the operations
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ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
of his mind had been affected; and yet after death the whole of one hemisphere was found to be greatly lessened in size, and the frontal lobes, which some regard as the seat of the highest functions, were almost totally annihilated on one side."
Medical men have reported several cases of persons suddenly losing the fac- ulty of speech. Mentally they remained the same as before the loss of this facul- ty, but for years not a word could they utter. Why could they not speak when they had corresponding convolutions in both hemispheres, and only one had un- dergone deterioration ? Because the fac- ulty of speech was located in the injured hemisphere.
None of the mental faculties can be transferred from its original location in one hemisphere to the other. That other hemisphere is reserved for a higher pur-
55
THE SOUL
pose : the location of the intellectual fac- ulties acquired by impressions made upon the brain through the development of the will. *
"Here we come upon a most impres- sive fact, namely that by constant repe- tition of a given stimulus we can effect a permanent anatomical change in our brain, and add a specific cerebral func- tion to that organ, which it never had be- fore, and which, therefore, it could not have had originally or acquired sponta- neously. The stimulus of the will is far more powerful than that which is re- ceived through the senses."
BKAIN DEVELOPED BY INTELLECTUAL POWER
It may be stated, as a general propo- sition, that in the different races of men
* Dr. William Hanna Thomson, in his book entitled "Brain and Personality," has collected a large number of reports from medical men, which establish the fact beyond doubt that but one of the brains is developed by the mind.
56
ITS OKGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
the cerebrum is developed in proportion to the intellectual power. In different individuals of the same race, the same general rule obtains. It is likewise true that proper training and exercise de- velop and increase the vigor of all the faculties. This will be explained in the chapter on education.
In the place of the ineffectual efforts of the unassisted human mind, a gradu- ated system of helps must be supplied, by the use of which the mind, would proceed with unerring and mathemat- ical certainty up to the beginning of the higher intellectual development of the Soul. Mental and intellectual powers are proportionate to education.
Our educational efforts indicate to us daily the limitation of the human mind. We must develop the intellectual facul- ties or fail.
Human knowledge never amounts to certainty, but only to probability.
57
Chapter V.
PSYCHOLOGY, THE SCIENCE OF
THE SOUL; ITS POWEES
AND FUNCTIONS
"Does it seem incredible that a being whose pursuits have been after truth, and whose purest happiness has been derived from the acquisition of intellectual power, should rise into a state of being, and ascend to the source of power and wisdom?"
New York, January 14, 1913. — Andrew Carnegie, speak- ing of the progress of civilization before the National Civic Association this afternoon, said: "I believe that even on this earth man will yet attain perfection."
Psychology exhibits what is actually known or may be learned concerning the Soul, in the forms of science — that is, in the forms of exact observation, pre- cise definition, fixed terminology, classi- fied arrangement, and rational explana- tion. Psychology is therefore the sci- ence of the inner life. "What, is needed
THE SOUL
is a psychology which is marked by im- mediate value, intelligence and charac- ter/9
The author contends that psychology has a physical basis, and that there is a special organ in which the faculties of the Soul are located. This organ is the hemisphere of the brain opposite that used for the faculties of the mind. Sci- ence has demonstrated that the organ last developed performs the highest functions. There is no exception to this rule. Accordingly, this brain, on which the purely mental faculties fail to func- tion, must of necessity be the organ of the higher intellectual or Soul faculties.
Thus, correctly speaking, man has two brains, not one brain with two hemis- pheres. One of these brains is the or- gan of the mind, and the other the organ of the Soul.
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ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
The faculties of the mind are devel- oped by impressions from without through the medium of the senses. The higher faculties of the Soul are devel- oped within by the power of the will.
The faculties of the Soul are seven in number: knowledge of good and evil, wisdom, understanding, righteousness, benevolence, purity and love.
The term Soul includes all of the in- tellectual faculties. The term mind in- cludes all of the mental faculties.
A scientific system of education, one that has power to develop the intellect- ual faculties, must be formulated, taught and practiced before these higher faculties may be developed. This mat- ter will be taken up in the chapter on education.
" Students of psychology to-day feel the lack of any definite understanding
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THE SOUL
of the term Soul as used by those who class themselves as psychologists."
The word Soul has generally been ap- plied to the supposed spiritual es- sence of human personality which per- sists after death.
According to the ancient dualistic view, the human body is a double entity, a mortal body containing an immortal Soul which leaves the body after death.
"The newer or monistic view of the Soul contends that man is an unific be- ing, and that the body and Soul are in- separable ; that the Soul is not an inde- pendent thing, but like all other facul- ties is regulated in its functioning by the structure of the organs of the body, and further by the work of the millions of cells which constitute these organs. From this point of view, psychology is merely a department of physiology."
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT VIEWS OF MODERN PSYCHOLOGISTS
Modern psychology questions any use of the word Soul, unless the author re- stricts the term, stating specifically how he desires it to be understood. " Psy- chologists can discuss Soul scientifically only as a mental development based on material presented by the senses. ' '
"In recent text-books of psychology, the word Soul does not occur, and the word Mind, indeed, but seldom. Psy- chology without a Soul is the order of the day."
1 ' The Soul, ' ' a prominent psychologist recently said, "is as dead as the dodo."
The late Professor James taught that there is not only no evidence of its ex- istence, but that it is a useless concep- tion. "Souls," he contended, "have
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THE SOUL
worn out both themselves and their wel- come." To this school of thinkers, to speak of the Soul is pure mysticism, and should be rejected as unscientific. There- fore, modern psychologists — so-called — reject the Soul as superfluous.
TKUE PSYCHOLOGY
Nevertheless, true psychology — the science of the Soul — "is the most attrac- tive and interesting of sciences." It is also, "because of the world's ignorance of the subject, the most difficult." The subject has been uppermost in the minds of men of all times. Thousands have written their views respecting the Soul, yet there are as many different opinions to-day as to what the Soul really is as in any of the past ages.
The terms mind and Soul, as has been said, owing to their metaphysical and theological associations, are confusing. Psychology must be reduced to an exact
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ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
science before knowledge of the subject may be attained.
"The Soul attains notions and truths of which no effort of sensation or imag- ination can give us the slightest appre- hension. " Man is transformed into a higher being by the the power of the in- tellectual faculties, or Soul. And as the ape is to man, so shall man be to Su- perman.
The task of developing the faculties of the Soul is no longer a difficult one, be- cause we now have a physical basis upon which to build. A scientific, educational system will remove all obstacles. We may know ourselves, if we desire to at- tain such knowledge.
Men have been strangers to them- selves, and in consequence have never been able to find a correct solution for the great problems of life. These prob-
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THE SOUL
lems may be solved only by progressive development towards the highest intel- lectual ideal. When this ideal is at- tained we shall feel that we have been transformed into new beings, and truly live for the first time. This is the new birth which enables us to love our neigh- bors as ourselves, and to do unto others as we would have them do unto us.
All ideals are excellent, if practical. But if we cannot point out the straight and narrow path that leads to their at- tainment, they are only flights of fancy.
A scientific method of supplying man- kind with truths which are at present beyond the human powers must be em- ployed, because the mind has its limits — "its boundary reached it knows not whither to go."
The powers of man tend toward higher knowledge than the mind is able
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ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
to attain. If we desire to solve the mys- teries, we must first develop the facul- ties of the Soul.
"What the superior man seeks is in himself; what the small man seeks is in others." — Confucius.
'When the Soul has departed, in which alone intelli- gence exists, men take away the body of their dearest friend, and put it out of sight as soon as possible."
— Socrates.
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Chapter VI.
THE SOUL, ITS ORGAN AND ANALYSIS OF ITS FACULTIES
"The Soul attains notions and truths of which no ef- fort of sensation or imagination can give us the slightest apprehension."
Philosophers have never come to any agreement as to the nature or the es- sence of the Soul. Some have thought it to be a subtle air ; others have main- tained that it is a flame ; a number have considered it an essence. Equally vari- ous have been opinions concerning its location. It has been located in the ven- tricles of the brain, throughout the whole body, in the stomach, in the heart, in the blood, and between the eyebrows. The soul has, since the days of the an- cient Egyptians, been considered a spir-
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THE SOUL
itual essence that leaves the body, and persists after death.
In the chapter on the brain and mind, attention has been called to the fact that the brain, properly speaking, is a pair of organs, and that each hemisphere acts independently of the other. It has been demonstrated beyond doubt, as shown in the preceding chapters, that the fac- ulties of the mind are located in but one of the two brains, and that in our pres- ent state of development we use only one. Physiologists have halted at this point, and confess that they are com- pletely in the dark as to the reason why we have two brains. They have left us with an organ unnamed, unused, and its functions unknown. This organ is named by the author the Super-human Brain — the organ of the Soul.
The development of the faculties of
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ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
the Soul will not be difficult when man comprehends the power of scientific edu- cation, and understands the sciences which have to do with the civilization of mankind.
The human race is divided into three classes, savage, barbarous and civilized. In the true meaning of the term, how- ever, there is not, and never has been a civilized nation on the face of the earth. " Civilization does not mean the sacri- fice of the weak to the strong, but the willing sacrifice of the strong to the weak/' The leading nations of the world to-day are made up of barbarians. Until the intellectual faculties shall have been developed in man, civilization may never be attained. Soulless people cannot be civilized.
"Man appears to be the only being on earth unable to complete his destiny.
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THE SOUL
Every other being completes its destiny, attains the utmost end of its faculties. Man alone is always striving to advance in his conceptions and achievements, yet has never completed a single science. A brute in a few years arrives at a point of perfection which it can never pass if it lived for thousands of years. Brutes are not haunted and disquieted by the desire of an ideal felicity which they cannot find. Man alone sighs after an image of infinite perfection."
FACULTIES OF THE SOUL
Knowledge of good and evil is the first of the intellectual faculties of the Soul. This great faculty has never been well-defined nor understood. Good, in its highest and best sense, is a cer- tain disposition of the will — a desire to do to others as we would that others should do to us — opposed to evil. Good
ITS 0KGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
cannot be applied to material things in the sense it is here used. They are in- different, neither good nor evil. In striv- ing for good, the end is to become like God.
"For so is the will of God, that with well doing ye may put to silence the ig- norance of foolish men."*
"Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind (developing your Souls) that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect will of God."t
God is the highest conception of the intellect, a person deified and honored as the chief good. "Good and upright is the Lord ; therefore will he teach sin- ners in the way. "J " For thou are good, thou art good and doest good."
*1 Peter 2-15.
tPsa. £5-8. SPsa. 86-5.
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THE SOUL
"And the Lord God said: Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil."*
Knowledge of good and evil has power to transform man into Superman — a god or superhuman being. God, as the personification of good, the highest in- tellectual ideal, is the meaning of the term used here.
"Knowledge, and the Spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of knowledge."!
The spirit of God is defined in the above quotation as being knowledge, wisdom and understanding, the first three faculties of the Soul.
Knowledge is power. When through the means of knowledge the faculties of
*Gen. 3-22. flsa. 11-2.
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ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
the Soul are developed, we have the ca- pacity to distinguish instantly between good and evil, between the true and the false. We then feel that we have ascend- ed to a higher level of existence, and that we truly live for the first time. Such is the wonderful power of higher knowl- edge.
Wisdom is the capacity to make due use of knowledge, judgment, discretion, skill, sagacity. Wisdom implies the union of high intellectual and moral ex- cellence.
" Happy is the man that findeth wis- dom, and the man that getteth under- standing/ '*
" Wisdom is the principal thing, therefore get wisdom."!
" Wisdom is better than riches; and
*Prov. 3-13. fProv, 4-7.
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THE SOUL
all things that may be desired are not to be compared to it."*
"To hate evil is the beginning of knowledge; but fools despise wisdom and instruction."!
"Doth not wisdom cry? She stand- eth in the top of high places. Unto you, O men, I call; and my voice is to the sons of man. O ye simple, understand wisdom. Hear for I shall speak of ex- cellent things. They are all plain to him that understandeth ; and right to them that find knowledge. Now there- fore hearken unto me, O ye children ; for blessed are they that keep my ways. Blessed is the man that heareth me ; for whoso findeth me findeth life. "J
"But where shall wisdom be found?
*Prov. 8-11. fProv. 1-7. JProv. 8.
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ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
and where is the place of understand- ing? It cannot be gotten for gold, neither shall silver be weighed for the price thereof. Whence then cometh wisdom? and where is the place of un- derstanding? Behold, to hate evil is wisdom ; and to depart from it is under- standing."*
The writers of Scripture did not have any knowledge of the brain. They did not, therefore, have a clear idea of the mental and intellectual faculties, and their location. But it is a remarkable fact that in no other literature do we find anything worth while about the higher or intellectual faculties. The Bible is the only book that gives the slightest information as to how they may be developed.
*Job 28-28.
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THE SOUL
a-
'I will give you pastors according to mine heart, which shall feed you with knowledge and understanding."*
"Behold, Grod exalteth by his power, who teacheth like him."t
"My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge."!
We are also told that Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyp- tians— Acts 7-22; and that Jesus in- creased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man — Luke 2-52.
Wisdom is special intellectual endow- ment— capacity for any of the leading kinds of Soul activity.
Understanding is the power to under- stand : the higher capacity of the intel- lect; the power to distinguish truth
* Jer. 3-15. fJob 36-22. JHos. 4-6.
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ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
from falsehood. This is indeed a re- markable faculty. Solomon declares:
"My son, incline thine ear unto wis- dom, and apply thine heart to under- stand; yea, if thou criest after knowl- edge, and lif test up thy voice for under- standing; if thou seekest her as silver, and searchest for her as for hid treas- ure ; then shalt thou understand. Then shalt thou understand righteousness, and judgment, and equity; yea, every good path. When wisdom entereth into thine heart, and knowledge is pleasant unto thy Soul ; discretion shall preserve thee, understanding shall keep thee." And again: "He that is slow to wrath is of great understanding. Wisdom resteth in the heart (Soul) of him that hath understanding. Understanding is a well-spring of life unto him that hath it. Wisdom is before him that hath
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THE SOUL
understanding. He that hath knowl- edge spareth his words; and a man of understanding is of an excellent spirit. He that getteth wisdom loveth his own Soul; he that keepeth understanding shall find good."
When these three great faculties of the Soul — which are defined as being the spirit of God — are developed, the others will surely follow as the fruit of the spirit — righteousness, benevolence, purity and love.
Man having attained the capacity for higher intellectual development, what can prevent him from going on to per- fection? "They that seek the knowl- edge of good and evil understand all things." "There is nothing hid that shall not be revealed." With knowl- edge as a rudder, wisdom for a compass, and understanding in command, we can
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ITS 0KGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
sail our ship of life safely across the great ocean of time, into the harbor of righteousness, purity and love, and take our rightful places among the gods.
" Jesus answered them, is it not writ- ten in your law, I said, Ye are gods."*
Human beings are transformed by the spirit of God (Good) into Superhuman beings — gods. This transformation gives man an idea of the wonderful power of the intellectual or Soul facul- ties when developed.
The term righteousness, as used in the Scriptures— in which it chiefly oc- curs— is equivalent to holiness, purity, uprightness, equity, justice, integrity, honesty, faithfulness and godliness — not deviating from the true and the just; according with truth and duty. The desire of the righteous is only good.
*Jno. 10-34.
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THE SOUL
" Blessed are they that doeth right- eousness at all times." "Lord, who shall abide in thy tabernacle ? who shall dwell in thy holy hill ? He that walketh up- rightly, and worketh righteousness, and speaketh the truth in his heart. " "I put on righteousness, and it clothed me ; my judgment was as a robe and a dia- dem. I was eyes to the blind, and feet was I to the lame. I was a father to the poor; and the cause which I knew not I searched out." "I have preached righteousness in the great congrega- tion; I have not hid thy righteousness within my heart; I have not concealed thy loving kindness and thy truth from the great congregation. In the way of righteousness is life and in the pathway thereof there is no death." "Righteous- ness exalteth a nation." "He that fol- loweth after righteousness and mercy
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
findeth life." " Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after righteousness."
The excellence of righteousness is thus set forth in the Scriptures, and very little on the subject is found else- where.
Righteousness is the first fruit of the spirit, of knowledge, wisdom and un- derstanding. No human being can be righteous until the great Soul faculties are developed, which have power to cause the transformation. When the intellectual faculties, which the Scrip- tures define as being the Spirit of God, are developed, the others follow as the day follows the night, and the glorious light of the knowledge of the Soul dis- pels all darkness and doubt. "Ask for the old paths, walk therein and ye shall find rest for your souls."
Benevolence is the disposition to do
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THE SOUL
good. It is good will — love of mankind. Benevolence marks a disposition made up of a choice and desire for the happi- ness of others, and an irresistible desire to do unto others as you would that they should do to you.
Purity is freedom from moral defile- ment or guilt. It is innocence, guiltless- ness, chastity, freedom from improper motives or views. i ' Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God. ' ' " The words of the pure are pleasant words." "As for the pure, his work is right. Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, if there be any virtue, think on these things."
Love, in its true and divine concep- tion, creates in the one who possesses it
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ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
all good qualities, or the desire to pos- sess them.
"Thou shalt love the Lord thy God, with all thy heart, and with all thy Soul, and all thy strength, and all thy mind, and thy neighbor as thyself. " " But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, gentleness, goodness, meekness, temper- ance ; against such there is no law. But whoso hath this world's goods, and seeth his brother have need, and shutteth up his bowels of compassion from him, how dwelleth the love of God in him? Let us not love in word, neither in tongue ; but in deed and in truth."
First Corinthians, chapter thirteen, fully explains the wonderful power of love, the highest faculty of the Soul.
85
Chapter VII.
DUALISM THE OLD AND NEW INTERPRE- TATION, MYSTICISM
"There is a natural body, (human) and there is a Spiritual body (Super-human). Howbeit, that was not first which is Spiritual, but that which is natural; and afterward that which is Spiritual."
"But the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God. Neither can he know them, because they are Spiritually discerned."
"The Spirit of God will come upon thee, and thou shalt be turned into another man (Super-man)."
The general conception of dualism, as promulgated by philosophers and theol- ogians from the dawn of civilization, is stated by Haeckel to be the hypothesis that the human body is a double entity, a mortal body containing an immortal Soul, which leaves the body at death.
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THE SOUL
Therefore, the term Soul — according to the advocates of this theory — is defined by Angel as that spiritual essence of human personality which persists after death.
In a wider sense, the term dualism may be applied to any theory founded on the principle of double personality. It may be thus used with regard to the doctrine that two distinct personalities existed in Jesus, the human and the di- vine— or human and superhuman. Physiologically it is also applicable to the theory that the two hemispheres of the brain act independently : the one be- ing developed and used by the mind, the other being the physical basis of the Soul, and in which the higher or intel- lectual faculties are located.
This second hemisphere is not devel- oped in the purely human being. Thus,
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ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
in the limitations of ordinary human in- telligence , may be found an explanation of the dual personality of Jesus. We are told that he led the ordinary life of a human being until about the age of twenty-six. After his baptism in the River Jordan by John the Baptist, it is recorded that he received the baptism of the Holy Spirit — or Spirit of Grod. The Biblical definition of the Spirit of God is knowledge, wisdom and understand- ing. (Isa. 11-2.) Knowledge, Wisdom and Understanding are the three first faculties of the Soul. About four years after his baptism, Jesus began to teach. He was transformed from a human be- ing into a Superhuman or Divine Be- ing by the power of the intellectual fac- ulties.
He said unto his disciples : " Ye shall be baptized with the baptism that I am
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THE SOUL
baptized with" — that is they would be intellectually developed. ' ' Whatever may be the opinion of those who have studied the teachings of Jesus," says the London Spectator, "all must agree that he was an idealist. He pointed out as the aim of mankind an impossible stand- ard of human character. His ideal of love in act and thought and deed was superhuman, and the best efforts of a human creature to fulfill its obligations merely result in the consciousness of each one that his efforts have been inadequate."
"Jesus preached perfection, and ad- mitted that to perfection no man can attain. ' ' Man must be transformed into the Superhuman before he can love his neighbor as himself, and do unto others as he would have others do to him. Hu- man beings cannot do these things.
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ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
"And lie spake many things unto the multitude in parables. His disciples said unto him, why speakest thou unto them in parables? Because it is given unto you to know the mysteries of the kingdom of Heaven, but to them it is not given. They seeing, see not ; and hear- ing they hear not, neither do they un- derstand. But blessed are your eyes, for they see ; and your ears, for they hear. And when they were alone he expound- ed all things to his disciples. "
"But the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness unto Him; neither can he know them, because they are spirit- ually (intellectually) discerned."
These passages plainly teach that hu- man beings cannot understand the higher truths that transform them into
*Mat. 13.
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THE SOUL
superior beings until they have been, taught and are qualified to understand them. This makes clear the double per- sonality of man : first, a human being — a savage ; second, a Superhuman — civil- ized being, transformed by the Spirit of God, or by the development of the intel- lectual faculties. This is the new birth. "And the Spirit of the Lord shall come upon thee, and thou shalt be turned into another man — ( Superman )."
MYSTICISM
In its higher interpretation, mysti- cism may be understood to mean direct intercourse with the Divine Spirit — knowledge of spiritual things not at- tainable by the natural or human mind. "It is the conception of the Soul as something that can see and perceive the Spiritual verities as unmistakably as the mind can grasp material things. ' ' " The
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ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
dynamic part of the mystical principle may be said to lie in the quickening of the desire for direct intercourse with the Divine. " Excellency in the highest degree — above that which is human, and is therefore Superhuman, is the mean- ing of Divine which the author here de- sires to convey.
The Soul attains knowledge of a higher degree than that of the mind, and far above any knowledge attained by the senses; but the Soul of the intellectual or spiritual man alone has wings, and is ever being initiated into perfect mys- teries.
What is now known as mysticism will no longer appear mysterious when the intellectual faculties are developed.
Transcendent means very excellent — superior or supreme in excellence ; that which lies beyond the human mind.
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THE SOUL
Through the cultivation of the higher intellectual faculties this state is at- tained.
It has been well said that if God de- sired to reveal to man His mysteries, He must endue him with higher faculties before he can understand them.
"What a piece of work is man; how infinite in faculty !" writes Shake- speare.
"Jesus said unto his disciples, It is given unto you to know the mysteries of the kingdom of Heaven."*
"There is nothing covered that shall not be revealed, and hid that shall not be known, "t
"The revelation of the mystery, which was kept secret since the world began,
*Mat. 18-11. fMat. 10-96.
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ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
but now is made manifest, and by the Scriptures of the prophets."*
"If by any means I might attain unto the resurrection of the dead ; God shall reveal even this unto you."f
Mysticism aims to qualify man to transcend the ordinary human life, and to live a higher intellectual or spiritual life as a Superhuman being.
Dr. Haeckel gives the general accept- ed meaning of Dualism. "The human body is a double entity, a mortal body containing an immortal Soul, which leaves the body at death."
That each brain hemisphere acts in- dependently of the other ; and that two distinct personalities, a human and a Divine, existed in Jesus, is the author's conception of the true meaning of Dualism.
*Rom. 16-95, 2t fPhil. 3-11, 15.
95
Chapter VIII.
SUPERMAN,
THE MEANING NOT CLEARLY
UNDERSTOOD
DEFINITION Superman — "A symbol of man raised to its highest power. How can man be trained up to his highest power? How can such training be made accessible to all?"
Nietzche, in his famous declaration, asserts : "I teach you beyond man. Man is something that shall be surpassed. What have you done to surpass man? All things hitherto have created some- thing beyond themselves, and are ye go- ing to be the ebb of this great tide, and rather revert to the animal than sur- pass man ? What with man is the ape ? a joke or sore shame. Man shall be the same for beyond man, a joke or sore
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THE SOUL
shame. Behold, I teach you beyond man (Superman)/'
Current Literature for February, 1909, says: "No word in modern phil- osophical parlance has gone farther than the word Superman? It touches contemporary thought at almost every point ; it is the symbol of much that is latent in life and literature of the pres- ent time. Yet who can tell just what it signifies ?"
The Outlook for February 11, 1911, declares: "Every fine instinct, noble im- pulse, and large views of truth revolt against the Superman, that hideously perverted ideal of greatness which the contemporary pessimists have fashioned out of egotism, conceit, brutality, and greed of power and pleasure; a figure more repulsive than the most revolting image of the evil forces personified by
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ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
the imagination of the savage. The Su- perman is the incarnation of ruthless egotism, the personification of the anti- social vices, a nightmare which haunts the dreams of those whose minds trem- ble on the verge of moral insanity. The Superman would be the ideal man if the devil were God ; in a world in which the Christ has lived the Superman is the devil in human form, a beast of prey clothed like a human being."
TRUE MEANING
In reply to the Outlook's conception of the meaning of Superman, I shall quote Cromwell's advice to the Scots: "I beseech you in the tender mercies of the Lord, believe it possible that you may be wrong."
The meaning of the word Superman does not appear to be clearly understood. Super means above, and man means a
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THE SOUL
human being. Therefore, the word Su- perman means a being above man — a superhuman being.
The Hebrews and Greeks used the word gods to distinguish superhuman beings from human beings. Socrates used the word demon — a being of in- termediate nature between the Divine and the human. The word Superman may properly be applied with the same significance.
The following definition has been given of Superman: "A symbol of man raised to its highest power. " A superhuman being, or superior being is, accordingly, identical with the Superman in the high- est and best sense of the term. When we rise to the level of the Superman, the terms man — human being, and su- perior man must of necessity be left be- hind. They are not adequate. We have
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ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
had superior and inferior men, "like the poor, with us always."
"This, then, is the problem: how can man be trained up to his highest power % How can such training be made acces- sible to all?" If there is a higher life on this earth than is recognized by hu- man beings, it is the business of science to raise them to this higher level, and qualify them to understand its nature.
"There is more in us than the mind discovers. We have many things within us which our senses have not placed there. Man contains a being superior to the one he knows."
The higher faculties, not yet devel- oped in man, as has already been stated, are knowledge of good and evil, wis- dom, understanding, righteousness, be- nevolence, purity and love. We are told in Genesis that God said: "Behold, the
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man is become as one of us, to know good and evil" — the condition of Superman or gods.
It is also written: " There is a nat- ural body (human body) and there is a Spiritual body (Superhuman body). Howbeit, that was not first which is Spiritual, but which is natural (or men- tal) ; and afterward that which is Spir- itual (or intellectual)."
Webster defines spiritual as meaning "Of or pertaining to the intellectual and higher endowments of the soul — intel- lectual. ' ' The word spiritual, therefore, means intellectual.
The realization of the Superman lies in the development of the higher or in- tellectual faculties. Herbert Spencer maintains that to prepare man for com- plete living is the function which edu- cation has to perform.
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"God said unto Adam: 'I have made thee neither celestial nor terrestial, neither mortal nor immortal, in order that you may chisel yourself and edu- cate yourself into whatever image and being you please. You can degenerate to the beast, you may ascend to God.' "
"The ultimate for man is to become like God."
"He will come, and His name will be the Man- god. The God-man? The Man-god; there is a difference."
— Dostoievsky.
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Chapter IX.
THE TRUE PROGRESS OF MAN- KIND, AND HOW PROMOTED
"National progress, political progress, these may have been; but how about moral excellence and intellectual power? The higher creative powers of man have not grown stronger. Who will even assert that the love of truth and the courage to deliver the truth has grown stronger or more common?"
Progress means a moving forward to- ward ideal completeness or perfection in respect to quality or conditions, applied to individuals, communities or the en- tire race. It means a rise in capacity — the development of higher faculties, and has to do with quality only. Through it comes increased power in mental and intellectual faculties, and the evolution of superior beings.
Genuine progress takes place when
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men and women are properly educated and raised above the ordinary level, es- tablishing a superior standard of mental and intellectual excellence. Society should make every effort to produce ideal men and women, training them by precept and example in the ways of goodness and truth. Mankind may, in no other way, attain the highest level of development — the condition of the Su- perman.
GENIUS AND TALENT
Mrs. Martin of New York has writ- ten an excellent book entitled: "Is Man- kind Advancing ? ' ' She thinks that the word progress should be limited to sig- nify a rise in human capacity, and the development of higher orders of human beings. We must, she says, " develop a higher order of beings before we can at- tain the goal of completeness and per-
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fection." Mankind is a term which in- dicates human beings. We must go be- yond man, and develop Superman, or superhuman beings.
Mrs. Martin concludes that the de- gree of progress of any age may be de- termined only by the impress left upon it by the men of genius produced dur- ing a given period. Without doubt she bases her conclusion upon Huxley's statement: "The advance of mankind has everywhere depended upon the pro- duction of men of genius." "We must judge any period by the number and ability of its men of genius.'' "Aris- totle," says Hegel, "was a genius beside whom no age has an equal to place." Emerson says of Plato, "Compare Plato with other men. How many ages have gone by, and he remains unapproached. ' ' Mrs. Martin lists about twenty-seven
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men of transcendent genius, beginning with Moses, and calls attention to the fact that Athens produced, in a few years, ten of the twenty-seven.
But the present ignorant and upro- gressive condition of the world bears witness that the number of geniuses heretofore produced have not been suf- ficient to insure the progress of the race.
GENERAL DEVELOPMENT NEEDED
True progress does not depend upon geniuses. It demands a scientific edu- cational system, one that has power to develop superior beings. Talent pre- supposes general mental and intellectual strength, with a peculiar aptitude for being molded or directed to valuable ends and purposes. This is dependent on high mental and intellectual training, and a perfect command of all the fac-
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ulties of the mind and Soul. Talent is the result of scientific education and training. Genius is an accident of birth. The great need of the world is superior beings, well-balanced, and qualified to teach mankind the way to attain a higher life of happiness, peace and joy- while on this earth. This educational system, formulated and taught, will de- velop the Superman, defined as being a symbol of mankind raised to its high- est power. We cannot expect genuine progress until an educational system — which carries with it power to trans- form ignorant, savage and barbarous human beings into civilized Superhu- man beings — is formulated, taught and practiced.
If a man desires to aid humanity in its progress toward the highest ideal by doing something that has never been
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done before, he must first blaze a new trail through the wilderness of human ignorance. "We ought not to expect that things, which have never yet been done, can be done except by means which have never been tried. " In place of the ineffectual efforts of the human mind, a scientific system of education must be supplied, which will enable man to pro- gress with mathematical certainty up to the full and complete development of the intellectual faculties, or faculties of the Soul.
"It is easier to perceive error than to find truth, for the former lies on the surface and is easily seen, while the latter lies in the depths, where few are willing to search."
— Goethe.
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Chapter X.
EDUCATION, ITS PURPORT AND AIMS
"The world needs trained and disciplined superior men and women (Superman), who know, and who can think, who can perceive and interpret, whose mental and intel- lectual faculties are instruments of precision, and whose judgments are made strong by knowledge."
Education is defined as " acquirement by any course of discipline and instruc- tion; the systematic development and cultivation of the mind and Soul." It has for its aim, therefore, the develop- ment of the powers of man. It implies the communication of knowledge; the development of the intellectual faculties, and discipline of the mind and Soul; the establishment of true basic princi- ples upon which may be formulated
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right rules to guide man in progress to- ward the highest ideal. Through this education man secures that progressive development in which all of the great problems of life are to find their solu- tion. In the last analysis, education af- fords a method by which ignorant, bru- tal, savage and barbarous human beings may be transformed into wise, righteous, benevolent and loving Superhuman be- ings.
No person may be correctly termed educated until knowledge is organized into faculty. Faculty is the ability to act or perform — inborn or cultivated ca- pacity for any natural function. To be specific, it is an organized mental and intellectual power or capacity for any of the known mental and intellectual ac- tivities: physic or Soul capacity; intel- lectual endowment or powei — as facul-
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ties of the mind and Soul. Faculty is properly limited to the endowments which are natural to man and universal to the race.
PURPOSE OF EDUCATION
" What ought people to be ? How can we change them from what they are to what they ought to be?" There is but one way in which this may be accom- plished. A scientific, educational sys- tem must be formulated and taught, one that has power to develop the intellect- ual faculties, in order to effect such a result. The purpose of education is to uplift mankind, and to develop the tal- ents. Talent presupposes general men- tal and intellectual strength, with a pe- culiar aptitude for being molded or di- rected to valuable ends and purposes. Talent depends on high mental and in- tellectual training, and a perfect com-
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mand of all the faculties of mind and Soul. Talent is the result of true scien- tific education, taught and practiced.
Either there is or there is not a higher and better life than is recognized by our ordinary selves. If there is, it is the business of science to ascertain its na- ture, and to teach man how to attain it.
"Excellence is never made easy of attainment for mankind. We may have every excellence if we are willing to pay for it with its equivalent of toil." There is no royal road to knowledge. The world needs trained and disciplined su- perior men and women, beings who know, and who can think, who can perceive and interpret, whose mental and intel- lectual faculties are instruments of pre- cision, and whose judgments are made steady by knowledge. They must feel
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that they know how human beings be- come educated, and be able to teach oth- ers the way. They hold an intellectual ideal of what mankind is capable of be- coming, and have the knowledge and ability to put this ideal into practice.
The one essential aim of education is to awraken the interior activities of the individual — to start his intellectual ma- chinery so that he will run himself au- tomatically. It is the same end that must be sought to insure the success of the institution, which is never success- ful until it runs of its own momentum, impelled by the life within. At the pres- ent hour, the duty before us is to seek out that which lies dormant within, and to quicken into life the infinite faculties which we possess. "What a piece of work is man — how infinite in faculty ! ' '
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MIND AND SOUL DEVELOPMENT THKOUGH EDUCATION
The intellectual or Soul faculties can- not be developed until we have formul- ated a superior educational system. Our present educational system has no power to reach the higher faculties.
Some of the foremost educators of the world have expressed their opinions of our present system of education as follows :
"All over the world the traditional methods of education have been tried and found wanting." — Professor Wen- dell.
"We teachers are searching for the fundamental principles of the thing we are trying to do. I have had the ex- perience of feeling that I was bending all my efforts to do a thing which was not susceptible of being done, and that
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the teaching that I profest to do was done in a vacuum ; as if done without an atmosphere in which the forces might be transmuted." — Woodrow Wilson.
"Any teaching that does not reveal the secret of power is not worthy the name." — David Starr Jordan.
"Compared with our astonishing progress in physical science, and its practical application, our system of gov- ernment, of administrative justice, of national education, and our entire social and moral organization remain in a state of barbarism." — Alfred Russell Wallace.
A writer in the Chicago Tribune says : "We are drifting into national degener- acy. We are becoming a crowd of well- drilled, well-disciplined, commonplace individuals, with strong Philistine hab- its, and notions of general mediocrity.
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We have clever business men, cunning artisans, resourceful politicians, adroit leaders of new cults, but no artists, no scientists, no philosophers;, tno states- men, no genuine talent, and no true gen- ius."
Boris Sidis, one of the leading psy- chologists of the times, says that we are blind to the barbaric evils of our envir- onment. He calls us bat-blind, stock- blind, mole-blind, and stone-blind. And what are the underlying causes of this state of affairs ? Our vicious system of education, and our drunken optimism, declares this writer, in no moderate terms. Our educators are owl- wise, nar- row-minded pedants, ignorant of the real, vital problems of human interests.
The mind is developed from without. The highest power or faculty of the mind, as before stated, is the will. The
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Soul faculties are developed by the will, but from within instead of with- out. By that which we decide to do or not to do, the great benefits which will follow the development of the intellect- ual faculties is clearly pointed out to the mind. Education is the scientific way whereby these benefits may be attained. The will, then, by its power over the brain cells, causes them to react and re- spond to its powerful stimulus. This stimulus, often repeated, causes changes in brain matter, and new seats are formed for the higher faculties in the Super-human brain.
The very important discovery, al- ready noted, has been made that the gray matter of the brains is plastic, and may be changed by education. The con- genital functions need not remain as they are at birth, nor need they develop
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upon hereditary lines. Our brains may- be fashioned artificially — that is by edu- cation, so that they may acquire many new functions or capacities which never come by birth or inheritance, but which may be stamped upon it as so many physical alterations in its substance. This truth gives man a fresh conception of the power of scientific education.
Every method of special education modifies or changes the gray matter of the brain in certain localities, and en- dows it with capacity to perform special functions. Such is the wonderful power of education. "A trained musician plays upon his instrument as readily as another person reads the printed page. In each case the brain is modified so as to make the acquirement of the specific powers possible. ' ' Every mental and in- tellectual faculty is located and devel-
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oped in our brains by the power of edu- cation.
An adequate educational system must, therefore, be devised, taught, and practiced before civilized beings can be developed, and higher ideals realized. "All truth converges to the point of hu- man betterment and social progress. He who would seek truth in the scientific spirit, must be willing to accept facts as they are demonstrated, and to follow this truth whithersoever it may lead. The unselfish pursuit of truth leads not only to larger usefulness, but no less truly to simplicity and nobility of life. If we seek truth with a disinterested passion for knowledge, and a desire for extending the bounds of knowledge, surely we may accomplish things as yet undreamed of."
"Learning undigested by thought, is labor lost ; thought unassisted by learning is perilous."
— Confucius.
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THE SOUL IDEALISM AND ITS REALIZATION
"All idealists are in search of this transforming and uplifting power; something above the senses, which will bring happiness and peace. This will come from having a mystery to inter- pret, a message of higher, brighter and better things in store for mankind in this life. "
THE TRANSCENDENT POWER OF EDUCATION
Education has for its aim the civiliza- tion of man. It implies the communica- tion of knowledge, the development of the mental and intellectual faculties, and the discipline of the mind and soul — the establishment of true basic prin- ciples upon which may be formulated right rules to guide mankind in progress toward the highest ideal. It asures that progressive development in which all of the great problems of life are to find
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their solution. It has power to give to humanity trained and disciplined supe- rior beings, who know, who are able to think, perceive and interpret ; whose mental and intellectual faculties are instruments of precision, and whose judgments are made steady by knowl- edge; who feel certain of the way in which mankind would become educated, and who are able to teach others the way; who hold an intellectual ideal of what human beings are capable of be- coming, and have the knowledge and ability to put this ideal into practice.
At the present hour the duty before us is to seek out that which lies dormant within, and to quicken into life the in- finite faculties which we possess, and to attain in the ultimate for man — to be- come like God.
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Chapter XI.
SOCIOLOGY,
IN RELATION TO MAN'S DEVEL-
MENT
"Compared with our astonishing progress in physical science and its practical application, our system of gov- ernment, of administrative justice, of national education, and our entire social and moral organization remain in a state of BARBARISM."
— Alfred Russell Wallace.
Sociology is that branch of philosophy which treats of the constitution, phe- nomena and development of society. Social science is the science of all that relates to the social conditions, the rela- tions and institutions which are in- volved in man's existence, and his well- being as a member of an organized com- munity. The subdivisions of the science of sociology are economics, hygiene,
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ethics, psychology and theology. These five sciences have to do with the trans- formation of man from the savage to the civilized being.
ECONOMICS
The branch of the science of sociology which is known as economics has to do with the production, preservation, dis- tribution and consumption of the neces- saries of life. It accordingly deals with man as a being who is occupied in ac- quiring and consuming the things abso- lutely necessary to maintain life. By showing man how all that is necessary for his welfare is best gained and pre- served, the tendency to overcome selfish- ness and greed — which create the desire to appropriate by force, without regard for the rights of others, that by which all must live — is developed. "The love of wealth is a very strong human pas-
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sion, and if not restrained by higher in- tellectual development, usually mani- fests itself in robbery or war."
"What are the attributes necessary to constitute a good government of a community, state or nation ? It must be guided by wisdom, animated by a spirit of benevolence, and pursue a policy of righteousness. A certain and sufficient livelihood must be secured for all the people. Without this their minds will be unsettled, and they will proceed to every form of wild license. They will break all laws, good and bad. When a sufficient and certain supply of the nec- essaries of life — food, clothing and shel- ter— can be procured for all the people by their labor, a suitable education should be provided for all. Without the necessaries of life, education has not the power to make them virtuous." —
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Mencius. When human beings cannot se- cure the necessaries of life by their la- bor, they will violate all the laws of God and man.
"The natural order of society is al- ways beneficent. The economic evils that burden mankind are due to human institutions, corrupted by ambition and avarice. Mankind must be taught the way back to that state in which all things economic will work together for the good of the whole human race."
How may the necessaries of life be easiest secured for all the people ¥ Hu- man beings must be taught to work to- gether for the good of all, and be brought to a realizing sense of the fact that in helpfulness to others, man best helps himself. Human beings must be trans- formed by education into a higher order of being before they can understand the
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civilizing power of co-operation, and its wonderful help to man. Human beings may learn much concerning social econ- omy from the habits of insects. From time immemorial insects have been or- ganized into seemingly intelligent co- operative communities. For thousand of years it has been the habit of ants and bees to live in colonies for protec- tion and helpfulness to each other, while men have lived as wild beasts in caves, and made war on each other.
Ignorance, waste, and indulgence in expensive, unnatural habits, such as the use of tobacco, alcohol and harmful drugs are the principal causes of man's unhappiness and disquietude. Scientific education alone has power to bring man back to the straight and narrow path that leadeth unto a higher and better life
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than may be recognized by man in his present ignorant state.
It has been repeatedly stated by com- petent observers that the people of the United States waste every year enough to supply the French nation. If such is the case — and it undoubtedly is — the study of economics is of the greatest im- portance to this nation.
We have an example of what co-oper- ation will do for a large community in the Amana Society of the state of Iowa, which has been in existence for about fifty years. It has lasted longer, and has been more successful than any other or- ganization of this kind ever formed in the United States. With a membership of about one hundred in the beginning, it has now a membership of some twelve hundred or more, and has several million dollars worth of property. This society
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is a religious sect. Everything is held in common by the society. The accumula- tion of property has grown to a point where equal distribution would give to each member six thousand dollars or more.
This example forever settles the prob- lem of economic production, preserva- tion and distribution of the necessaries of life. Mankind must be taught the wonderful power of scientific education along these lines before real civilization is possible.
The unnatural struggle for mere ex- istence, which the masses have to con- tend with, is savage and barbarous. Why do we speak of being civilized, as long as the prevalent conditions exist among the people?
HYGIENE
That branch of social science which
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treats of the preservation of health, es- specially of households and communi- ties, and lays down a system of princi- ples or rules designed for the promo- tion of health, is called hygiene.
About fifteen hundred years B. C, Moses published a philosophy of health. From that remote period until within the last one hundred years the Mosaic code was the only one in existence.
An old number of the North British Review gives an account of the deplor- able sanitary conditions in Shakes- peare's time. "The floors were of earth, and the broom was used but little. The garbage was thrown about the doors and windows, where it was allowed to rot. The earth of the floor was over- weighed with putrid matter, and much of it came into the air of the rooms. There was no drainage, baths were sel-
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dom taken, clothing was changed only at long periods, and as a consequence of all this the plague was ever playing havoc with the people."
Down to quite recent times, the world was scourged by frightful epidemics. It has been stated that the Black Death destroyed 25,000,000 human beings. Only two hundred years ago the death rate in London was eighty per thousand. At the present time it is not above twen- ty per thousand. The infant mortality was terrible beyond belief.
In 1832, Dr. Southwood Smith of England published his philosophy of health. This was the beginning of the improvements in the application of the science of hygiene as we have it to-day. Since then a great advance has been made in the promotion of health, but much still remains to be done.
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The first International Sanitary Con- gress was held in Vienna in 1874. Pre- vious to that time, sanitation had been local, and not compulsory. At this con- gress steps were taken to make hygiene of world-wide importance, and place it on a permanent foundation.
Pure food, pure water, and pure air are doing wonders in the way of pro- moting the health of the world to-day. We must not tire of the good work, but keep vigilant : for mankind is prone to neglect the things that best prolong life. And, as is the case in other matters per- taining to human betterment, the devel- opment of the higher intellectual or Soul faculties will create in individual man the disposition to seek to promote the best conditions of health — not only for himself and family, but for the en- tire community.
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ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT ETHICS
The science of duty to our fellow man — a particular system of principles and rules concerning duty, rules of practice in respect to human actions — is denom- inated ethics.
Science must formulate a true sys- tem of practical ethics calculated to de- velop the higher faculties of the Soul. It is the business of science to ascer- tain the nature of the higher life, and to teach man how to attain it. "The strength and character of the people make the strength and character of the nation. Nations are gauged by their principles of integrity and honor, by their ethics, rather than by the strength of their armies and navies. The nation that best provides for the prosperity and happiness of all its people is the one that really stands in the front rank.
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The races that have acquired an ever-in- creasing ascendency are those which possessed the best ethical systems.' '
The ethical question resolves itself into a search for the supreme object of human endeavor — the absolute and es- sential good. This is embodied in the formula of the Golden Rule.
"We are all debtors to our fellow men, and ought to endeavor to be a help to them. It is the only way to attain happiness, which is the true end and purpose of man's existence on earth."
PSYCHOLOGY
This science, in its proper sense — as the author has attempted to show fully in the various chapters of this work — is the study of the development of the higher faculties of the Soul, not the mere investigation and record of the functions of the brain and mental phe-
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nomena. It is, moreover, the basis for movements in the direction of the gen- eral elevation of mankind.
THEOLOGY
In using the term theology here, it is not applied in its dogmatic sense. It is the science of God — the science which treats of the character and attributes of God, His laws, and the duties we are to practice in order to develop character and attributes that will bring us into close relation, and give us knowledge and understanding of the true nature of God. "Many speak of theology as a science of religion instead of a science of God, because they do not believe that any knowledge of God may be attained. ' ■ Theology is ordered knowledge, repre- senting in the Soul or intellect that which religion represents in the mind of man. Scientific theology reveals to
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man the truth of the following quota- tions from the Bible, and gives him power to understand them.
"And ye shall seek me, and find me, when ye shall search for me with all your Soul." "They that seek the Lord understand all things." "Seek and ye shall find. " " He that seeketh findeth. ' ' "Moses hid his face, for he was afraid to look upon God." "Then went up Moses and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel. And they saw God and did eat and drink." "If there be a prophet among you, I, the Lord, will make myself known unto him, and with him I will speak mouth to mouth, even apparently, and the simili- tude of the Lord shall he behold. " "The Lord talked with you face to face in the mount." "The glory of the Lord shall be revealed." Glory means the
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presence of the Divine Being — the man- ifestation of the divine nature. "The earth shall be full of the knowledge of God as the water covers the sea. " " Be- hold, God exalteth by His power; who teaches like Him."
When these sciences are taught, un- derstood and practiced, a race of supe- rior beings will be developed far above man. The ultimate for man is to become like God — to realize the ideal of the Superman.
Gautama Buddah when he started on his mission said: "I go to Benares to establish the kingdom of righteous- ness, to furnish light to those enshrouded in darkness, and to open the gate of immortality to men. Hence- forth I live only to be the prophet of perfect truth. The highest attainment, far above all others is, Universal Charity, or Love."
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Chapter XII.
TEACHING, DEVELOPING THE SOUL FAC- ULTIES
"Behold, God exalteth by his power who teacheth like Him."
"Any teaching that does not reveal the secret of power is not worthy the name."
"Knowledge is power," therefore, the secret lies in the attainment of knowl- edge that has to do with transforming ignorant human beings into educated superhuman or superior beings. This knowledge when acquired gives man- kind power to transcend the ordinary human life, and live a higher intellect- ual or Spiritual life.
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The human mind cannot grasp the higher knowledge, the intellectual or Soul faculties must be developed before it can be understood.
"The mind is but a point, and seems to be shut up in the magic circle of its own ideas, without any capacity of breaking through the circle or appre- hending any reality but itself. " — Des- cartes.
"How may we become informed of things too high for our own knowledge ? We should strive to learn from the great teachers, prophets, and poets, of the human race, whose writings are opened to us by education. "
"Especially should we learn how to interpret and understand the Bible, which the nations hold in such high honor. " — Sir Oliver Lodge.
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Luther and the Westminster Assem- bly formulated rules which if followed will enable the " learned and unlearned to attain a sufficient understanding of them."
Luther said: "It is the attribute of Holy Scripture that it interprets itself by passages and places which belong to- gether.' '
Westminster Confession of Faith, Chapter I, Article 9: "The infallible rule of interpretation of Scripture is the Scripture itself; and therefore, when there is a question about the true and full sense of any Scripture, it may be searched and known by other places that speak more clearly on the subject."
"Knowing this first, that no prophecy of Scripture is of any private interpre- tation." These rules, if applied, will
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enable any one to understand the true teachings of the Scriptures.
" Every thinking man realizes thalt the teachings of the Bible are so inter- woven with our whole civic and social life that it would be literally impossible for us to figure what that life would be if those teachings were removed. We would lose almost all the standards by which we judge both private and public morals." — Theodore Roosevelt.
"Time destroys the worthless and saves the good. The Bible has stood the test of time. It contains the essence of practical wisdom for every relation of life. There are many people of intelli- gence who regard this book with indif- ference. They would not do so after giving it careful study and thought. We find no books of worth that do not bear unquestioned evidence of the writer's
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knowledge of the Bible. Shakespeare, the greatest writer the race has pro- duced, shows in his work marvelous fa- miliarity with the book. Character is more to be desired than wealth, influ- ence, position, fame, or any other at- tainment within the reach of man. When we read this book with the purpose of transmitting its truths into character it is invaluable." — Eugene Hale.
The wireless message which came from Admiral Evans, is almost literally from the Bible. Job says : i ' Canst thou say to the lightning, Here we are?" But the miracle of this Admiral's speak- ing to us is unutterably strange and means a lot more than the message to me. It means that we are going to find out something more pretty soon — may- be the visible God, as Moses saw Him in the burning bush. ' ' — Joaquin Miller.
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" Where there is no vision, the people perish."
The development of the intellectual or Soul faculties is accomplished by per- suading the mind, by showing the reason and advantage of the proposed step for- ward, and inducing it to act through the will.
The will is plainly that by which the mind chooses anything, and is the one supreme faculty of the mind, the faculty of faculties.
The faculty which distinguishes good from evil is the first intellectual or Soul faculty: It is indeed a high and re- markable faculty, "And the Lord God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil."
Good and evil in the last analysis will be found to lie in certain dispositions of the will, How may this be determined?
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By "analytic insight" the dynamic power of the will. This insight arises out of concentration of the power of all the faculties "upon the subject in hand, marshalling together all the facts and opinions attainable upon it, and dwell- ing on these, and scrutinizing and com- paring them until a light flashes on the whole subject. "By the power of ' an- alytic insight' man can begin the devel- opment of new anatomical bases in the superhuman brain in which the intel- lectual faculties are to be located. These bases can only be developed by the dyna- mic power of the will, which alone has power to change cells and fibers in the superior brain. ' ' " The organ last devel- oped performs the highest functions." There is no exception to this rule.
While the intellectual faculties are be- ing developed, the will increases in
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power until the human will is incorpor- ated and lost in the Divine Will. "For so is the will of God ; that with well do- ing ye may put to silence the ignorance of foolish men." "For I am come, not to do mine own will, but the will of Him that sent me."
Study the Scriptures diligently, apply the rules, submit every question of doubt to analytic insight, develop the dormant faculties within, and all the mysteries of the higher life shall be re- vealed unto you.
"And the Spirit of the Lord God shall rest upon thee, the Spirit of knowledge, wisdom and understanding and thou shall be turned into another man." — (Superman).
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