UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
AT LOS ANGELES

SPECIAL REPORT

CAPTAIN GEORGE P. AHERN,

NINTH TJ. S. INFANTRY,

IN CHARGE OF

FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS,

CoYIOItlNG Til 10 IMOUIOI)

FROM APRIL, 1900, TO JULY 30, 1901.

DIVISION OF INSULAR AFFAIRS,

YVAK

WASHINGTON:

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.

L901.

SPECIAL REPORT

CAPTAIN GEORGE P. AHERN,

NINTH U. S. INFANTRY ,

IN CHARGE OP

FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS,

COVERING THE PERIOD

FROM APRIL, 190O, TO JULY 30, 1901.

DIVISION OF INSULAR AFFAIRS,
WAR DEPARTMENT.

WASHINGTON:

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1901.

3732

COSTTEOTS.

Personnel 5

Regulations > 11

Licenses 12

Procedure and forms prescribed by regulations and forms used in bureau 15

Statement (by name) of licenses granted by forestry bureau:

Timber 24

Firewood 31

Dyewood 33

Rubber, etc 34

Gratuitous 34

Forestry regulations (General Order No. 92) 35

F( wests of the Philippine Islands 47

Timber used in the Philippines from July 1, 1900, to April 30, 1901 49

Private woodlands 50

Prices of native timber 51

Can the forests of the Philippines be devastated? 52

Recommendations 54

Statement of utilization of forest products 55

Statistics of sums collected on forest products 55

Native woods brought to market in the Philippine Islands 56

Statement ( by provinces ) of licenses issued by forestry bureau 58

Private woodlands registered in the Philippine Islands 59

Geography and population in the Philippine Islands 59

Illustrations Facing 60

3

160275

SPECIAL REPORT

OF

FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

By Capt. GEORGE P. AHERN, Ninth United States Infantry,
In charge of Bureau.

WAR DEPARTMENT,
Washington, D. C., July 30, 1901.

SIR: Pursuant to instructions from the office of the Secretary of
War, I have the honor to submit the following report of the opera-
tions of the forestry bureau, Philippine Islands, from its organization
in April, 1900, to the present date:

The undersigned, at present on leave of absence, has been author-
ized by the Philippine Commission while in the United States to visit
the forestry schools at Cornell, Yale, and Biltmore for the purpose of
conferring with professors and students with the object of securing
graduates of these schools for the Philippine forestry service, and
was also authorized to have exhibited at Buffalo, N. Y., and later at
the Agricultural Department at Washington, D. C., a collection of
Philippine woods.

The forestry bureau was organized by the undersigned pursuant to
General Orders, No. 50, Office United States Military Governor in the
Philippines, Manila, P. I., April 14, 1900. A report detailing opera-
tions of this bureau up to and including June 30, 1900, and one dated
May of this year have been submitted to the governor of the Philip-
pine Islands.

PERSONNEL.

The Spanish Government had inaugurated the forestry service in
1863, some three hundred and forty years after their occupation of the
islands. The forestry officials were selected from the forestry service
of Spain, where a similar service had been started and a forestry
school organized. The subordinate places in the service in the Philip-
pines were partly filled by Filipinos, and at no time, up to the Ameri-
can occupation in 1898, had a Filipino risen to any of the higher
E laces in the service. This was due principally to the fact that none
ad taken the necessary course in the forestry school of Spain.
After the undersigned took charge of this service, notices were sent
to the former forestry officials to make application for service in the
bureau if they so desired, such men, acquainted with the country,
forest botany, people, language, and former regulations being consid-

5

0 EEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

ered more useful in inaugurating this work than any official obtained
from other countries. A number of these officials presented them-
selves, with their credentials, which consisted usually of diplomas from
the Agricultural College of Manila, and a detailed history of their
former service. None but natives presented themselves, the Spanish
foresters having returned to Spain, thus leaving the islands without a
single highly trained forester. The post-office addresses of 14 native
foresters and 30 rangers were taken for future reference, and these
men were called upon as the service required. Authority was received
to emplo}7 4 foresters, 2 rangers, a stenographer, and a translator;
the foresters at $100 and rangers at $50 Mexican per month.

Under Spanish administration a force of 66 expert foresters and 64
rangers, with 40 other subordinates as clerks, draftsmen, etc., formed
the personnel of the forestry service.

The headquarters for the service was established in the old Inten-
dencia building, in Manila, where the archives of the former forestry
service were gathered together. For the first few weeks the small
force employed was engaged in arranging these archives for future
reference. The translator was emplo3Ted in the translation of the
former Spanish forestry regulations and public-land law in force at
the time of the American occupation. A careful investigation of these
archives failed to discover any plans of exploitation, statistics of stand-
ing timber, or forest surveys. These records consisted principally of
applications for licenses, memoranda of revenues, private woodland
registrations, and the ordinary official correspondence of the bureau.
Upon inquiry of the former forestry officials it was learned that no
plans of exploitation and no statistics of standing timber had been
made. The forest zones had not been surveyed and reserved, as the
. last Spanish land law of 1893 had contemplated.

In the course of a few months, authority was given to increase the
force employed. As competent men presented themselves, and as con-
ditions permitted, stations were established in the provinces. A for-
estry service had been partially organized by the insurgents, and this
fact made it more difficult to obtain a sufficient force of competent
men. On October 12 an act of the United States Philippine Civil
Commission prescribed the following personnel: One officer in charge;

1 inspector, at $150 gold per month; 1 chief clerk, at $100 gold per
month; 1 botanist, at $100 gold per month; 1 translator, at $100 gold
per month; 1 law clerk, at $75 gold per month; 1 record clerk, at $75
gold per month; 10 assistant foresters, at $50 gold per month; 30
rangers, at $25 gold per month. Later in the year authority was
received to employ 2 foresters from the United States, at a salary of
$200 gold per month. A further addition to the force is contemplated
which will add 4 foresters, at $200 per month; 4 inspectors, at $150 per
month; 20 rangers, at $25, and 2 clerks, at $50 per month.

Owing to the disturbed conditions in the provinces, a disposition
was shown by the native officials to avoid service beyond Manila.

These men stated that they would be in considerable danger of vio-
lence from insurgents, as their work very often took them from the
vicinity of United States troops. As a matter of fact, two rangers
disappeared, one of whom reappeared after a month's time and claimed
that he had been captured by the insurgents and had bought his free-
dom. The other disappeared in February of this year and has not
been heard of since. At times the native officials would receive threat-

EEPOKT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 7

ening notices, and as quite a number of natives friendly to Americans
had been captured and murdered by the insurgents, these officials in
the forestry service felt considerable alarm and could hardly be in-
duced to inspect the rafts in the suburbs of Manila unless accompanied
by one of the American officials of the bureau.

All applicants for admission to the service were required to show
record of former service and good character.

Before being sent into the provinces, officials were given at least
one month's training in Manila. Many of these men were found to be
competent and anxious to render good service; some were found in-
competent, untrustworthy, and negligent of their duties. During the
year two assistant foresters and twelve rangers were discharged for
cause, one translator resigned, and one ranger transferred to another
branch of the civil service. As the service expanded, considerable
difficulty was experienced in finding competent men. More than 50
per cent of the officials of this service are at stations distant from
Manila, and usually manage their offices and field work without assist-
ants.

All timber cut on public land is cut by license. Each shipment of
forest products must be classified, measured, manifested, and orders of
payment issued, all of which requires considerable training, inasmuch
as \60 varieties of native tree species are received in the market, not
to mention many varieties of dyewoods, gums, resins, etc., with all of
which the official must be thoroughly acquainted and able to promptly
classify and appraise; this in addition to his duties in charge of the
forests of his district, running his office, and instructing ignorant
native loggers in the principal requirements of the forestry regula-
tions.

The demand for forest products during the past two years has been
so great in the Philippine Islands that men with the information just
outlined were sought for by lumber companies and offered higher
salaries than were given in the forestry service. Occasionally these
flattering offers would be made to the officials in the service, but as a
rule the latter preferred to remain in the service and take their chances
of advancement as the service grew.

No forestry officials are permitted to receive any money (in addition
to salary) for forest products, for supervising papers, or for any cler-
ical or other work rendered in the course of their duties. When pay-
ment is to be made for forest products, an order of payment is issued
by the forestry official, which is taken by the owner of the shipment
to the nearest internal-revenue office, and when the receipt for the
payment is shown to the forestry official permission is given in writing
to move the forest products. This written permit the man in charge
of said forest products must carry with him until the destination of
shipment is reached. Each log is stamped with the bureau mark when
first inspected.

A circular letter was sent to all important points in the islands
requesting replies as to the extent and character of industries in the
various localities in the line of forest products. Replies were received
from all parts of the islands, which replies served as a guide in estab-
lishing stations for forestry officials. The location of parties operat-
ing under licenses to utilize forest products also served as a guide in
establishing these stations.

Forestry officials are stationed near all important logging centers

8 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

and are in constant touch with parties handling even small quantities.
Each official in the provinces keeps a diary of his daily operations, a
transcript of which is submitted to the office in Manila every fifteen
days. In addition is submitted a summary of forest products inspected
by him during this period, .the amount ordered paid into the internal-
revenue office, and, finally, any observations he may consider necessary
for the information of the central office.

Each shipment of forest products is inspected, classified, and
appraised by him, and each log is stamped with the bureau mark. A
copy of the manifest made out at this time is sent to Manila, a dupli-
cate copy being given to the man in charge of the shipment. Upon
arrival at its destination the forest product is again inspected and
measured by a forestry official, and can not be disposed of until every
requirement of the regulations is complied with. B}T this means a
constant check is kept on all forest products taken from public and
private lands. The manifest shows the name of licensee, location of
cutting, the dimensions and value of each log cut, the name of the tree
species, and a record of payment. This manifest appears at Manila
shortly after the tree is felled. A glance at the manifest shows at
once if the regulations are being followed. The restrictions as noted
in the following articles act as a guaranty against any wholesale
slaughter of timber, provided these regulations are enforced. At first
some opposition was manifested to the many restrictions thrown
around the licensees, but this opposition disappeared as they became
better acquainted with the service and found that the double inspection
of their shipments and the official papers did not delay the movement
of their cargoes to market, as in the former administration.

ART. 59. 1. Licenses to gather or utilize forest products in the state forests shall be
granted by this office.

2. Applications for said licenses must be delivered to the chief forestry official of the
forest district or section, or to the district commander, who shall forward same to
this office with the necessary indorsements of the forestry official of said district.
In the application shall be stated the kinds of forest products desired, and the place
where said products are to be gathered.

3. The gathering or utilization of forest products can be done only in the forests of
the province specified in the license. If the concessioner should cut or gather forest
products in the forests of any other province, said products shall be considered as
unlawfully cut.

4. No charge shall be made for licenses, nor for the authentication or making out
of manifests.

5. Reserved forests, and the species of trees the cutting of which is forbidden, will
be noted in licenses for the information of the concessioner. The felling of trees of
the superior and first groups, excepting ebony, camuning and lanetes, of a less diam-
eter than 40 centimeters is absolutely prohibited.

6. The felling in the state forests of trees from which caoutchouc, gutta-percha,
and gum elastic are extracted is prohibited.

7. The felling in the state forests of the ylang-ylang tree is prohibited.

8. The utilization of forest products not specifically mentioned in these regulations
shall be by license, and said utilization shall be governed by special conditions,
which may be ascertained upon presentation of application for a license to utilize
said products.

ART. 60. Whosoever cute or removes timber or other forest products prohibited
by official order, or cuts species the utilization of which is prohibited by special
mention in the license, shall incur a penalty amounting to four times the value of
the products. A copy of these regulations shall accompany each license.

ART. 61. The concessioner must gather said forest product together and pile it in
the district where cut or gathered, and not where the cutting of timber or other
utilization of forest products is forbidden. For any violation he shall incur a pen-
alty of four times the value of the product gathered.

KEPOKT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

ART. 62. 1. The trees to be cut shall be selected and cut down close to the ground,
care being taken that no damage be done in falling to the adjacent trees. The con-
cessioner shall compactly pile the branches of all trees felled, and place said branches
where the least damage "shall be done to the younger growth.

2. Forest products shall be transported as "far as possible by routes where there
are few trees, avoiding as far as practicable the destruction of the younger growth.

3. Concessioners shall be held responsible for any damage to the forests through
failure to comply with the above requirements. They shall also be held responsible
for violations of said regulations on the part of their representatives or their
employees.

ART. 63. When the cutting or gathering of forest products has been finished, the
concessioner shall notify in writing the nearest forestry official of the place where
said product is deposited, the classes and amount of the same, and its destination.

He shall also state if he has left any felled timber in the forest, and if so, the num-
ber of trees and the classes.

A forestry official shall verify the " statement" of forest products presented by the
concessioner, examining and measuring the same. He will make out, in duplicate,
the manifest for each shipment, and give one copy of this to the concessioner.

ART. 64. The concessioner shall not load, sell, nor use any forest product which
has not been paid for, unless he has had express authority from the chief of the for-
estry bureau, and has given a satisfactory guaranty to that official.

Stations have been established at the following places:

Town.

Province.

Town,

Province.

Aparri i...
Iloilo

. Cagayan.
PariRV

Aringay

Union.
Tavabas.
Ilo'cos Norte.
Albay.
Camarines Sur.
Pangasinan.
Bataan.
Cebu.
Bulacan.
Tavabas.

San Fernan
Baguio
Malabon . .

lo ...

Pamoanea.

Laoag

Benguet.
Manila.

Legaspi
Pasacao

Subig
Tarlac
Laguimano
Arayat
Angeles . . .

Zambales.
Tarlac.
Tavabas.
Painpanga.
Do.

Orani

Cebu

Calumpit

Lucena

A number of other stations will be established in the near future, as
conditions permit.

As the service grows, more and more difficulty is experienced in
securing competent native officials. The Filipino knows nothing of
estimating standing timber, selection of trees to be felled, or the pro-
tection of the younger growth. These must be taught him by trained
foresters from other countries. Although authority has been received
by the undersigned to employ trained foresters in other countries, none
have as yet been secured, with the exception of the two from the United
States noted above. The two mentioned are not what we would call
foresters, but are good, practical lumbermen and will render good
service. We must look to tropical India and Java for trained men.
A recent letter from Java informs this office that an offer of $200 gold
per month will not induce any of their officials to enter our service, as
their trained men receive the following salaries: Foresters, from $130
to $310 gold per month; inspectors, from $320 to $440 gold per month;
chief inspectors, from $440 to $600 gold per month.

The foresters of India are also very well paid, and, in addition, the
forestry officials of all countries but ours have the prospect of retire-
ment with pay after a certain number of years' service, or for disability.
As a rule, the scientific forester has taken his degree before entering
the forest school; then, after a course of between two and three years,
he enters the lower ranks of the forestrv service in his countrv and

10 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

has a well-paid position, with a prospect of retirement for disability
or for age. Service in the Philippines involves some danger, not only
from the pernicious fevers, but, at the present time, from insurgents.
A forester from Java would not care to give up his life position for
service in the Philippines with a prospect of disability and no govern-
ment aid afterwards. We have here a vast virgin field for scientific
investigation, which makes the Philippine Islands to-day one of the
most attractive fields for original work, but the objections noted above
deter many from entering the service.

Many applications are being received from parties in the United
States desiring to enter the forestry service. Very few applicants
have had any training as foresters; some have been engaged in logging
business and sawmills, and some apparently are anxious only for a
change of scene. Others seek this service as a means of furthering
schemes for future timber exploitation by private parties. Applicants
residing in the United States are required to pass a civil-service exam-
ination, prepared by the Bureau of Forestry in Washington. Appli-
cants in Manila are "required to take a civil-service examination there.

Two expeditions are in the field at present: One, consisting of an
assistant forester and botanist, is in southern Mindanao investigating
the varieties and amount of native-tree species producing gutta-percha,
rubber, and other gums; another party, consisting of a forester and
assistant forester, is in the Camarines making a thorough investiga-
tion of the timber on the tract of public land operated over by the
largest lumber concern of the Philippine Islands. A forestry official
is stationed permanently near the headquarters of this concern. A
report from this expedition will inform this office of the amount and
variety of timber standing in this tract, methods of felling and hauling,
the condition of the younger growth, whether or not forestry regula-
tions are strictly complied with; in fact, will report on all matters of
interest to the forestry service. From previous reports from this same
region we are led to believe that the cutting by this company is a mere
thinning of the forest, and works an actual improvement of forest con-
ditions, the annual growth on this tract being many times the volume
extracted by this company each year. At present this company is
somewhat hampered by the loss of nearly all of their carabaos, due to
an epidemic of rinderpest which recently swept over the islands, carry-
ing off many thousands of these animals, which are the only source of
transportation in the islands.

The forestry official acting as collector for the bureau was sent in
January, 1901, to Zamboango, province of Mindanao, to make a col-
lection of the leaves, fruit, and flowers of the native-tree species found
there. He returned in three months with 425 varieties of wood and
leaf with the fruit and flower of many. This collection was made
wichin a very limited area in this province, and will give some idea of
the problems to be solved by the forestry service when a small tract
with several hundred tree species is to be prepared for the lumberman.

A rational forestry policy will necessitate the felling of all trees by
selection. This will be met by the objection of the lumbermen that
there is no market for four or five hundred varieties of tree species
thus selected. The duty of finding a market for such varieties
devolves upon the forestry bureau. The furniture makers of America
import vast quantities of hardwood from Central and South America,

"REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 11

and in order to divert their attention to the woods of the Philippines
100 varieties of specially selected woods were recently gathered
together and shipped to the United States, where they will be placed
on exhibition at Buffalo, and later at the Department of Agriculture
in Washington.

Anyone acquainted with American methods of lumbering, and espe-
cially anyone from the lake regions of the United States, will realize
that'if every tree for felling is not selected and rigid supervision of§
all logging operations not insisted upon, great and irremediable loss*
will result. Rigid supervision is indispensable and is only possible
when thoroughly trained scientific men are employed. The existing
regulations provide ample safeguards against forest devastation, but
the immediate need is for a trained corps of foresters to properly
enforce these regulations.

A forestry school should be organized as soon as possible, and the
first foresters employed should give part of their time to the training
of native officials now in the service. In time specially qualified gradu- •
ates from colleges in the Philippines should be offered inducements to
enter the forestry school and thus provide for the extension of the
service.

REGULATIONS.

The Spanish forestry laws and regulations in force in August, 1898,
were found to be excellent, practicable, and in line with similar laws
and regulations of Europe, where the science of forestry has reached
such a high state of perfection. These laws and regulations, up to the
time of our occupation, had not been fully enforced and scientific for-
estry not practiced, as the records and testimony of officials show.

Under the Spanish administration licensees cut any and everything.
Trees to be felled were not selected, no minimum size was prescribed,
valuable rubber and gutta-percha trees were felled, and the most val-
uable woods used as firewood; in fact the officials began their work
after the trees left the forest and not before.

The Spanish forestry regulations were translated and a new set
compiled, based practically upon the old, but arranged in more com-
pact form. Some changes were made, as will be noted below. Blank
forms similar to the old are used, with some additions, nearly all of
which are printed in Spanish with English notes. The regulations
went into effect July 1, 1900, and were published in the form of a gen-
eral order (No. 92) from the office of the United States military gov-
ernor of the Philippine Islands, dated Manila, P. I., June 27, 1900.
These regulations have not been amended since publication.

As soon as peace is thoroughly established in the islands and officials
can work in the field without danger, data will be secured upon which
to base a revision of the present regulations. However, the regula-
tions as enforced at present seem to give general satisfaction. Several
thousand copies were printed, both in Spanish and English, and sent
to every part of the islands. At least one copy is sent with each license,
and the attention of the licensee is drawn to the fact that the regula-
tions must be followed.

These regulations consist of 77 articles arranged in 5 chapters.
Chapter 1 is entitled ' ' Tariff on state timber and instructions for its
application." In this chapter we find the tree species of the islands

12 EEPORT OF FORESTKY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

classified into six groups, the unit of measure being the cubic foot.
The price per cubic foot for state timber is as follows :

Number
of varieties.

Superior group, 14 cents Mexican 15

First group, 10 cents Mexican 20

Second group, 8 cents Mexican 86

Third group, 3 cents Mexican 133

Fourth group, 2 cents Mexican 234

. Fifth group, 1 cent Mexican 33

At present the timber is classified and measured after it has been
felled and piled. In appraising the valuation of timber hewn on four
sides, 25 per cent is added for wood lost in hewing; sawed timber has
15 per cent added; ebony has 200 per cent added, and camagon 100 per
cent added. , The wood of groups 3, 4, and 5 only will be cut for fuel,
thus saving from felling for this purpose 121 tree species of higher
grades. This restriction is noted on back of license. In the Spanish
regulations the tree species were arranged in five groups, with a max-
imum valuation of 6 cents per cubic foot. The present regulations
set aside fifteen of the most valuable woods as a superior group and
place a valuation on them of 14 cents per cubic foot; this price acts
as a special protection for these valuable species and tends to divert
the lumbermen to other varieties at a lower rate. Some objection
was raised to the increased valuation placed on forest products, but
it has been found that the above valuation remains very close to 5 per
cent of the present market price of timber in Manila.

Chapter 2 is entitled "Utilization of timber in the state forests,"
prescribes how timber should be felled and moved, and the procedure
necessaiy before the licensee can take his product to market.

Chapter 3 has to do with the gratuitous use of state timber. It pro-
vides for the free use of timber by needy residents, and for timber for
public works.

Chapter 4 is entitled " Firewood for market."

Chapter 5 contains provisions relating to the extraction of gutta-
percha and other gums.

Chapter 6, general provisions.

LICENSES.

Licenses are issued by the officer in charge of the forestry service
upon written application made either to the central office in Manila or
to any of the forestry officials in the provinces. If application is made
in the provinces, the forestry official sends the application to his imme-
diate chief, with some recommendation as to the character and respon-
sibility of the applicant. The indorsement also must approve or
disapprove the application, with the reasons therefor. An applicant
must state just what forest product he wishes to take from the public
land, and must also specify the district where he wishes to operate.
Under Spanish administration this district was usually a province. As
a rule, during the last six months we have been confining lincenses to
a more limited area and close to some pueblo. By this means we know
at once where to place the responsibility for any violation of the for-
estry regulations, as to manner of felling and removing of forest prod-
ucts. Where a number of licensees are operating in one province it is
difficult at times to know just where to place the responsibility for any
infractions, as noted above.

REPOET OF FORESTEY BUEEAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 13

The application for a license finally reaches the central office at
Manila, containing the indorsements of the forestry officials and with
evidence of the character and responsibility of the applicant.

Licenses are issued on special forms: There is the timber license, the
firewood license, the gratuitous license, and then a general form to include
any special product desired, such as gutta-percha, rubber, and other
gums. Where the government valuation of a forest product has not
been specifically mentioned in the regulations, provision is made that a
valuation of 10 per cent on the prevailing market price in Manila will
be charged for such product. The licenses are issued for one year, and
may be revoked for violation of the regulations. A gratuitous license
is issued to needy residents upon application, accompanied by a certifi-
cate by the president of the town in which the applicant resides, to the
effect that the applicant is a needy resident and that he should be granted
the license. This license runs for a period of six months. The licensee
is not permitted to utilize more than 1,000 cubic feet of timber, and is
prohibited from utilizing tree species of the superior and first groups.
(Thirty-five tree species thus protected; this restriction is noted on
back of license.) A gratuitous license may also be issuecj. to govern-
ment officials upon written application, stating the public work for
which such timber is to be used and the amount and variety of woods
desired.

A list of licenses is sent to the forestry officials in the provinces, and
the instructions of these officials provide for the supervision of the
methods of operation in the forest of the various licensees.

Parties bringing into market forest products without license are
fined for first offenses 25 per cent of the valuation of said products, an
increased fine for the second offense, and confiscation of products with
a fine of 100 per cent provided for the third offense.

It has been found that many of the dealers in forest products, and
not the actual loggers in the woods, were the holders of licenses. This
has been the subject of careful investigation during the past six months,
and as far as possible none but the actual lumbermen working in the
forest are now given licenses.

Owing to the disturbed conditions in the islands many natives
engaged in logging were afraid to leave their districts and go far from
home, and as the forestry officials were always in towns garrisoned by
United States troops, many natives never came in contact with the
forestry officials, and operated in the forests without license. As con-
ditions improve, this difficulty will be removed.

Under Spanish administration no form of license was issued. The
applicant received his letter of application with an indorsement of
the central office in Manila, stating whether or not he was permitted
to utilize the forest products.

Prior to March 2, 1901, 467 licenses had been granted by the for-
estry bureau at Manila.

Up to May 14, 1901, the number of licenses granted by the military
government were as follows:

Timber 348

Firewood 169

Rubber and other gums 32

Dyewood 10

Gratuitous 21

Total... .. 580

14 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

Part of these licenses expire in six months; the remainder in one
year from date of issue. Under the Spanish administration an aver-
age of 1,000 licenses were issued each year by the forestry bureau.

Where an applicant employs a number of the people of a thinly
populated district, and where he shows that he can cut all that should
properly be cut for the present needs in that district, other licenses
for that particular limited area are not granted. Up to the present
time this has worked without objection. The licenses granted so far
cover but a veiy small part of the forest area of the islands. Vast
areas of virgin forest throughout the islands are practically untouched
and will not be entered for some time to come, owing to the lack of
roads, driveways, scarcity of labor, and means of transportation.

A cable dispatch from Washington, D. C., was received early in
March giving notice of the passage of what is known as the Spooner
amendment. This law provides "that no sale or lease or other dispo-
sition of the public lands or the timber thereon or the mining rights
therein shall be made."

Orders were given the forestry bureau to grant no more licenses to
cut timber on public lands. Several weeks later a copy of the opinion
of the law officer of the Division of Insular Affairs, giving the War
Department's construction of the Spooner amendment, was received,
and the forestry bureau notified that "such provisions of said General
Orders, No. 92', as are intended to protect and preserve the interests
of the United States in said forests are in harmony with said enact-
ment and not affected thereby."

The opinion stated:

This enactment permits the President of the United States to grant such temporary
privileges as are ' ' clearly necessary for the immediate government of the islands and
indispensable for the interest of the people thereof."

The licenses granted have never been in excess of the immediate and
imperative needs of the islands, and the cutting under these licenses in
the islands has never been equal to the necessities of the people, and
has not been sufficient to bring down the price of timber to what it
formerly was. The cutting nowhere in the islands has been equal to
what would have been selected by the scientific forester whose princi-
pal object was the betterment of forest conditions.

Owing to a lack of facilities for logging and sawing, it was found
impossible to supply the United States military forces in the islands
with the timber necessary for the construction of storerooms for sup-
plies, and barracks for troops, timbers for bridges, and other public
works immediately necessary for the care of the troops. Several
million feet of American timber were imported to supplement the
native timber brought to market. The United States Government
utilized at least 50 per cent of the native timber brought to market in*
the Philippines. The merchants used a large part of the remaining
50 per cent for new buildings, additions, etc., leaving the private
householders but a small and ridiculously inadequate supply for the
repair of their homes. The number of homes destroyed in the Philip-
pines during the insurrection will never be even approximate^ known,
and it will be j^ears before the supply of native wood will meet even
the absolutely necessary demand of the native residents.

REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 15

PROCEDURE AS PRESCRIBED IN FORESTRY REGULATIONS IN ORDER TO
EXTRACT FOREST PRODUCTS FROM THE PUBLIC LANDS OF THE
PHILIPPINES.

I. Application b}T letter to the forestry bureau of the party desiring
license. The writer must be known to the bureau or vouched for by
some responsible party. The forestry official in the district where
the license is to be granted must indorse the application. No particu-
lar form of letter is required in making this application.

II. The particular license requested, if granted, is made out on a
special form, signed by the head of the forestry bureau, and stamped.
(See Forms 4, 5, 6, 7.)

The license is sent with a copy of the forestry regulations to the
applicant. A Spanish copy of the regulations is sent to all native or
Spanish applicants. Notice of said license is also sent to the forestry
official in the district covered by the license. It has been customary
for many years to grant licenses covering whole provinces, but lately
the polic}7 has been to restrict the license to a district covering but
one or two pueblos or townships.

In the province of Abra, owing to severe cutting in former years,
no licenses were granted by the Spanish bureau. Since the organiza
tion of the present bureau but one license has been granted in this
province. This license was given at the solicitation of the military
government, and was for the purpose of supplying the needs of the
military forces.

In other provinces as many as 37 timber licenses have been granted.
In many provinces and islands where there is much valuable timber
not one' application has been received for timber or other licenses.

After license is received the licensee may proceed to the district
covered by his license and begin operations.

Article 62 of the Forestry Regulations prescribes that the trees to
be cut shall be selected. This has been done under the personal super-
vision of the undersigned in the pine region of Luzon, where the tim-
ber is thin and where vigorous cutting might be harmful to future
forest growth. But, as a rule, the cuttings in other regions have been
so moderate that up to the present time it has not been found neces-
sary to mark the trees to be felled. This will be done in the near
future, or as soon as any logging company begins to operate on a
large scale. At present loggers are taking ~ out one tree where they
could take 100 and not injure the forest growth. ' This state of affairs
is not likely to continue many months longer.

When the logs are ready for removal the licensee notifies (see article
63) the nearest forestry official, who measures his wood and makes out
an order for payment (Form 3), and also gives to the licensee a mani-
fest (Form 13) on which is noted the kind and dimensions of each log.

In some cases (article 66) the licensee pays at once for his wood. In
other cases he may pay at the destination 6f cargo if in the Philip-
pines.

In every case the forestry official retains a copy of the manifest,
inscribes one copy in his records, and sends one copy to the Forestry
Bureau at Manila.

At the end of each two weeks he submits a report (Form 17) of work
done during this period. This gives twice each month complete and

16 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

detailed information to the central office at Manila of operations over
the entire archipelago.

After payment for the wood the licensee shows a receipt for the
same to the forestry official and receives from this official a permit to
unload (Form 1) and a note of the customs guards (Form 2).

At destination of cargo a second inspection is made (Form 12) and
if a difference is found between the original manifest and second
inspection, this difference must be accounted for, and in certain cases
penalties may be incurred. If an excess of cargo is found at this
second inspection, an order of payment (Form 10) is issued and a
receipt for said payment must be shown before said cargo can be
moved.

In the case of private woodlands, the owner or his authorized agent
submits a copy of the title to his woodlands to the forestry bureau for
registration. If the title is prima facia a good one, it is registered
and a statement (Form 9) of said registration given to the owner.
After cutting his wood, he secures a certificate from the mayor of the
township in which his land is located, to the effect that this wood was
cut on his land, and then a permit for free transit is given (Form 15).

BLANK FORMS USED IN THE FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I.

No. 1. Permit to unload forest products.
No. 2. Note to customs guards to permit unloading of cargo.
No. 3. Order of payment. (English.)
No. 3. Order of payment. (Spanish.)
No. 4. License — Rubber, gums, gutta-percha, etc.
No. 5. License — Firewood.
No. 6. License — Timber.
No. 7. License — Gratuitous.

No. 8. Acknowledgment of receipt of payment on excess of cargo.
No. 9. Statement of registration in forestry bureau of title to private woodlands.
No. 10. Order of payment on excess cargo "found at second inspection.
No. 11. Permit by forest ranger to move parts of a cargo of forest products (issued
after payment) .

No. 12. Statement of inspection of forest products at destination.
No. 13. Manifest of timber cut on public lands.
No. 14. Manifest of firewood cut on public lands.

No. 15. Permit for free transit of forest products taken from private woodlands.
No. 16. Order to unload forest products in Manila paid for at another place.
No. 17. Form of semimonthly statement made at each forestry bureau station.

Forestry bureau. Form 1.

FORESTRY BUREAU.

No. 21. MANILA, P. I., July 1, 1901.

Juan Garcia, having paid the State valuation of the timber brought to Manila on
steamer Salvadora, the forestry employees will permit the unloading in Manila Bay.
When unloading is finished this order will be taken up and the manifest given in
exchange, so that the timber can be carried where desired, provided no excess of
cargo is found at inspection.

GEORGE P. AHERN.
Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau.

[Stub.]
FORESTRY BUREAU.

No. 21. MANILA, P. I., July 1, 1901.

Origin, Aparri. Concessioner, Juan Garcia. Name of vessel, Salvadora. No. of
pieces, 12. Cubic feet, 400. State valuation, $40. Date of statement, June 15, 1901.
Date of order of payment, July 1, 1901. Date of order to unload, July 1, 1901.

REPOKT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 17

Forestry bureau. Form 2.

FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I.

No. 21.

Juan Garcia, having paid the State value of the timber brought to Manila by the
steamer Salvadora, the order to unload has been given on this date.
Customs guards will please note.

GEORGE P. AHERN,
Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau.

Forestry bureau. Form S (English).

FORESTRY BUREAU.

No. 21. MANILA, P. I., July 1, 1901.

Juan Garcia will pay at the office of internal revenue of Manila the sum of forty
dollars, value of the timber brought to Manila in steamer Salvadora, as per statement
made by Juan Garcia, dated June 15, 1901, and which has been cut by authority of
license granted to Juan Garcia, dated January 10, 1901.

GEORGE P. AHERN,
Captain, Ninth Infantry, m Charge of Bureau.

Forestry bureau. Form 3 (Spanish).

FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I.

Son $40.00. Num. 21.

Don Juan Garcia, decent ingresar en the internal revenue office la cantidad de forty
dollars valor de las maderas conducidas d Manila en steamer Salvadora segun
relacion formada por el Juan Garcia de fecha 15 de Junio y que han sido cortadas en
virtud de licencia que se le ha concedido al interesado en Aparri 10 de Junio
de 1901.

GEORGE P. AHERN,

Captain, Ninth Infantry.
Order to pay to internal revenue office State valuation for forest product.

[Stub.]

FORESTRY BUREAU.

Num. 21.

Procedencias, Aparri. Concesionario, Juan Garcia. Buque cargador, Salvadora,
Num. de piezas, 12. Pies cubicos, 400. Tasacion, $40. Fecha de la relaci6n,
June 15, 1901. De la orden de ingreso, July 1, 1901. Des las ordenes de descarga,
July 1, 1901. Manila, 1st de July, de 1901.

Forestry bureau. Form 4-

FORESTRY BUREAU.

No. 10. MANILA, P. I., January 1, 1901.

LICENSE FOR RUBBER, GUMS, GUTTA-PERCHA, ETC.

In accordance with existing law, a license is hereby granted Juan Garcia, resident
of Aparri, to extract rubber iii the public forests of the province of Cagayan, subject
to the accompanying regulations and tariff.

GEORGE P. AHERN,
Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau.

[Stub.]
FORESTRY BUREAU.

MANILA, P. I., January 1, 1901,

LICENSE FOR RUBBER, GUMS, GUTTA-PERCHA, ETC.

No. 10. Name, Juan Garcia. Province, Cagayan. Remarks, resident of Aparri.

In Charge of Bureau.
11064— 01 2

18 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

[On back.]
TAHIFF.

Concessioners shall, for the present, pay 10 per cent of market value (in Manila)
of forest products utilized by virtue of this license.
The felling of rubber, caoutchouc, gutta-percha, and gum elastic trees is prohibited.

Forestry bureau. Form 5.
FOR FIREWOOD CUT FOR THE MARKET.

FORESTRY BUREAU.

No. 50. MANILA, P. I., January 1, 1901.

FIREWOOD LICENSE.

In accordance with existing law, a license is hereby granted Juan Garcia, resident
of Aparri, to cut firewood in the public forests of the province of Cagayan, subject
to the accompanying regulations and tariff.

GEORGE P. AHERN,
Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau.

[Stub.]

FORESTRY BUREAU.

MANILA, P. I., January 1, 1901.

FIREWOOD LICENSE.

No. 50. Name, Juan Garcia. Province, Cagayan. Remarks, resident of Aparri.

In Cfiarge of Bureau.
[On back.]

TARIFF.

First class: Rajas composed of pieces 75 centimeters to 1£ meters in length, 20 to 40
centimeters in circumference, $1 per thousand rajas.

Second class: Pieces of small size, 20 cents per cubic meter, if for domestic con-
sumption; 40 cents per cubic meter, if for export.

Tree species of the third, fourth, and fifth groups only permitted to be cut for fire-
wood.

The felling of rubber, caoutchouc, gum elastic, gutta-percha, and ylang-ylang trees
is prohibited.

Forestry bureau. Form 6.

FORESTRY BUREAU.

No. 25. MANILA, P. I., January 1, 1901.

TIMBER LICENSE.

In accordance with existing law, a license is hereby granted Juan Garcia, resident
of Zamboanga, to cut timber in the public forests of the province of Zamboanga,
subject to the accompanying regulations and tariff.

GEORGE P. AHERN,
Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau.

[Stub.]

FORESTRY BUREAU.

MANILA, P. I., January 1, 1901.

TIMBER LICENSE.

No. 25. Name, Juan Garcia. Province, Zamboanga. Remarks, resident of town
of Zamboanga.

In Charge of Bureau.

REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 19

[On back.]

TARIFF.

Per cubic foot.

Superior group $0. 14

First group 10

Second group 08

Third group 03

Fourth group 02

Fifth group 01

The felling of trees of the superior and first groups of less diameter than 40 centi-
meters is prohibited, excepting ebony, lanete, and camuning.

The felling of rubber, caoutchouc, gum elastic, gutta-percha, and ylang-ylang trees
is prohibited.

Forestry bureau. Form 7.

FORESTRY BUREAU.
GRATUITOUS LICENSE.

No. 12. MANILA, P. I., Februarys, 1901.

In accordance with existing law, a license is hereby granted Isidor Chanco, resi-
dent of San Fernando, Pampanga, to cut timber in the public forests of the province
of Pampanga, subject to the accompanying regulations.

GEORGE P. AHERN,
Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau.

[Stub.]
FORESTRY BUREAU.

MANILA, P. I., Februarys, 1901.

Gratuitous license, No. 12. Name, Isidor Chanco. Province, Pampanga. Remarks,
resident of San Fernando, Pampanga.

In Charge of Bureau.
[On back.]

Trees of the superior, first, and second groups shall not be cut under a gratuitous
license.

Cutting limited to 1,000 cubic feet.

The felling of rubber, caoutchouc, gum elastic, gutta-percha, and ylang-ylang trees
is prohibited.

Forestry bureau. Form 8.

FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I.

Num. 181.

Se ha recibido en esta inspection la carta de pago num 46 importante forty-six dol-
lars por diferencia que resulto de las maderas aprovechadas por el concesionario
Pedro Martinez en province of Cagayan y conducidas & Manila en steamer Salvadora
segun relacion del Pedro Martinez de fecha February 21.
Manila, 15 de March, de 1901.

GEORGE P. AHERN,
Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau.

"Acknowledgment of receipt of letter of payment on excess of cargo of forest
products as found at inspection at destination."

[Stub.]
Num. 181.

Numero del expediente, 46. Numero de la carta de pago, 97. Diferencia, $46.
Concesionario, Pedro Martinez. Barco, Salvadora. Intervention, Juan Martin.

Acuerdo, .

Manila, 15 de March, de 1901.

20 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
Forestry bureau. Form 9.

FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I., INTENDENCIA.

Num. . MANILA, P. I., February 10, 1901.

A los efectos del articulo 75 de la Orden General, Numero 92 de la oficina U. S.
Military Governor of the Philippine Islands, de 27 de Junio, 1900, en este dia quedo
inscrita en esta oficina en el libro 1st, numero 78, de inscripcion la escritura de haci-
enda que en el sitio de Santa Cruz, jurisdiccion del pueblo de Manila provincia de
Manila posee 150 de hectareas, 7 dreas, 15 centidreas de superficie.

GEORGE P. AHERN,
Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau.

[Stub.]
Num. .

si to de , pueblo , provincia . Libro . Num.

de inscripcion , de , parcelas cuya superficie mide hectares, dreas,

centidreas.

Manila, , , 19—.

Forestry Bureau, Form 10.

FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I., INTENDENCIA.

Num. 86.

Don Pedro Martin deberd ingresar en el the internal-revenue office la cantidad de
forty-six dollars, diferencia de valor de las timber que condujo d Manila segun rela-
ci6n remitida por el Pedro Martin de fecha 8 de February.
Manila, 15 de February de 1901.

GEORGE P. AHERN,
Captain, Ninth Infantry, in charge bureau.

Diferencia, $ .

Multa, $ .

Total, $ .

Num. .

[Stub.]

Concesionario Don -. Num. de la l.a orden de ingreso . Fecha

de la orden de descarga .

Declarado . .
Intervenido
Diferencia .

Importe de la diferencia '. $

Id. de la multa ,

Id. total de la orden ingreso

Manila de de 19—.

Recibf la orden de ingreso en de de 19 — .

EL INTERESADO.

Forestry Bureau, Form 11.

FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I.

Num. 62.

MANILA, P. l.,8 de February, 1901.
El Juan Martin conduce timber expresadas al dorso comprendidas en la orden de

descarga No. 181, de de .

RANGER.

[This paper is given to parties removing parcels of a cargo of forest products.]

EEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

[Stub.]

21

El

de

Manila

de

conduce -
19—.

No.
de la orden de descarga No. de -

Forestry Bureau, Form 12.

INSPECTION AT DESTINATION.

No. 78.

INTERVENCI6N DEL DIA 8 DE FEBRUARY.

INSPECTION AT DESTINATION.

No. 78.

lNTERVENCl6N DEL DIA 8 DE FEBRUARY.

[Name of wood of each log and dimensions stated on each side of this form and
then signed by official making the inspection.]

Forestry Bureau, Form 13.

MANIFEST.

STATEMENT OF TIMBER CUT BY LICENSE.

(GUI A.)

Relation de las maderas eortadas en los montes pub.icos del pueblo de Iba, pro-
vincia de Zambales, en virtud de la licencia num. 86 concedida por the Forestry
Bureau en 15 de February de 1901, a D. Pedro Pilar, vecino de Iba, provincia de
Zambales, y que se hallan depositadas en — — para trasportarlas en steamer Salvadora
con destine a Manila.

Numero
de
piezas.

Clase de maderas.

Dimensiones.

Bojeo.

Cubicaci6n.

Tasacidn.

Longitud.

Ancho.

Grueso.

1

1
1
1

Ipil

Pies.
20
22
14
18

Puntos.
5
6
3
5

Puntos.
18
16
16
16

Puntos.
16
16
14
12

Puntos.

Pies.

Miesir
mas.

Pesos.

Cent.

Ipil

ipii :::::::::::::

Yacal

[Each log measured, classified, and appraised and placed on this manifest. Signed
"by owner of timber or his agent, and also signed by the forestry official. Note of
payment also made at end of this statement.]

Forestry Bureau, Form 14.

STATEMENT OF FIREWOOD CUT BY LICENSE.

Relacion de las lefias eortadas en los montes publicos del pueblo de Morong,
provincia de Morong, en virtud de la licencia concedida por el Forestry Bureau en 1
de January de 1901, a D. Juan Martin, vecino de Morong, las cuales se transportan d
Manila, en steamer Cavite.

LE$AS DEL PRIMER GRUPO.

Niimero de rajas.

Tasacion.

Pesos.

Cent.

•6,000, at 81 per M

6

00

22 KEPOET OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
LEftAS DEL SEGUNDO GRUPO.

Volumen en metros cubicos.

Tasaci6n.

Pesos.

Cent.

150, at 20 cents per cu. M

30

00

Pesos.

Cent.

Importe de tasaci6n de las del l.«r grupo.

6

00

id. de id. delasde!2<> id

30

00

Total

36

00

[Signed by owner and by forestry official.]

No. 78.

Forestry Bureau, Form 15.

FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I.

Habiendo conducido d esta capital D. Francisco Sanz, las timber que al margen se
expresan y que ban sido extrafdas en los terrenes que en el pueblo de San Fernando
(Romblon) , provincia de Romblon, posee D. Fr. Sanz, segun relacion firmada por el

y autoridad local del mismo pueblo, de fecha 3 de February, 1901, las cuales

ban sido transportadas en steamer Gloria; los carabineros de custodia y dependientes
de estainspeccion permitiran el libre trdnsito de las mismas, previa la oportuna inter-
venci6n de la que daran cuenta & esta dependencia con la devolucion de la presente
orden.

Manila, 10 de February de 1901. [Signed.]

[Permit for free transit of forest products taken from private woodlands.]

[Stub.]
FORESTRY BUREAU.

No. 78.
Pueblo de San Fernando. Provincia de Romblon. Hacienda de Francisco Sanz,

Sibuyan. Aprovechamiento de timber. Embarcacion, . Conductor, steamer

Gloria. Fecha de la orden de descarga, February 15, 1901. Fecha de la intervencion,
February 15, 1901.

Forestry Bureau, Form 16.

FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I.

No. 78.

Satisfecho por D. Juan Martfn el valor de las timber que ha aprovechado en el
pueblo de Iba, provincia de Zam bales, las cuales ha conducido a esta capital en el
steamer Salvadora; los carabineros de custodia y dependientes de esta inspection
permitirdn descargar en el Rfo Pasig las timber que al dorso se expresan, previa la
oportuna intervencion de la que daran cuenta a esta dependencia con la devolucion
de la presente orden.

Manila, 15 de February de 1901. [Signed.]

[Order to unload forest products in Manila paid for at another place.]

[Stub.]

Embarcacion, -
cos, - . Tasacion,
de

Procedejicias,

Fecha de la relacion,

s pago, . Fecha de la misma, . Id. de

Manila, de de 190 — .

El Ayudante,

Num. de piezas

No. .

, . Pies cubi-

Niimero de la carta

orden de descarga,

EEPOET OF FOEESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

23

Forestry Bureau, Form 17. — Form used by forestry officials in charge of stations in
making semimonthly reports.

Mes de (month of)

Ano de

Nombre del interesado (name of interested
party).

Proceden-
cia de los
productos
(place of
origin of
products).

Clase de
aprovecha-
miento
(class util-
ized).

Numero
de piezas
(number
of pieces) .

Cubicaci6n (cubic
volume).

Pies.

Milesimas.

Nombre del interesado (name of interested
party).

Lenas (firewood).

Productos
varies (va-
rious prod-
ucts other
than tim-

Tasaci6n (govern-
mental charge) .

ber or 1

n

-

wood).

1." grupo.

2.» grupo.

Pesos.

Ctmos.

Nombre del interesado (name of interested
party).

Diferencias (differ-
ences second inspec-
tion).

Multas( fines).

Destine de
los produc-
tos (des-
tination of

products).

Pesos.

Ctmos.

Pesos.

Ctmos.

Nombre del interesado (name of interested
party).

Fecha
i-BferfAii Fecha de la ordende
M«tP n? ingreso (date of or-
(mani der of payment).

Fecha del
ingreso
(date of
payment).

Internal
Revenue
enque
se ingreso
(Int. Rev.
office
where

fest).

1

payment

was made) .

Evpedida.

RecMda.

Interven-

Fecha de
remisi6n de
la relaci6n y
recibo al For-

Nombre del interesado (name of interested
party).

ci6n de la
relaci6n
(second in-

estry Bureau
(date of
transmission

Observaciones.

pection).

to and receipt
of manifest

at Foresi

ry

Bureau).

24 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.'

Statement of licenses granted by forestry bureau, Manila, P. I., from July 1, 1900, to July

15, 1901.

[Date of last license granted by forestry bureau.]

TIMBER LICENSES (FOR PERIOD OF ONE YEAR).

Number granted —

July, 1900 (terms have expired) 33

August, 1900 (terms have expired) 32

September, 1900 (terms expire September 30, 1901 ) 30

October, 1900 40

November, 1900 28

December, 1900 33

January, 1901 72

February, 1901 20

March, 1901 8

Total number granted to date of Spooner amendment 296

April, 1901 26

May, 1901 49

June, 1901 53

. 128

July, 1901 53

Total •- 477

FIREWOOD LICENSES (FOR PERIOD OF ONE YEAR).

Number granted—

July 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901 192

July, 1901 17

209

DYEWOOD LICENSES (FOR PERIOD OF ONE YEAR).

Number granted — •

July 1,1900, to June 30, 1901 12

July, 1901 2

14

RUBBER, GUMS, AND GUTTA-PERCHA LICENSES (FOR PERIOD OF ONE YEAR).

Number granted —

July 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901 38

July, 1901 1

39

GRATUITOUS LICENSES (FOR PERIOD OF SIX MONTHS).

Number granted, July 1, 1900, to June 30,1901 30

Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. I.
TIMBER LICENSES.

Leoncio B. Araullo
J.R.Redfern (agent)
Justino Sevilla
Severo Sanchez
Hermogenos Tan-Tiangeo
Francisco Garcia Vergara
Luis Esteban ..............

do
Ramon Lagdameo

July 1

July 9

d

July 10

do...

do...
July 12

do...

do...

Bataan

Tayabas

Painpanga

Tarlac

Hermoso, Bataan

Tayabas

Zambales

Bataan

Camarines, Norte

Luzon.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

KEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 25

Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. /.—Continued.
TIMBER LICENSES— Continued.

No.

Licensee.

Date.

Location.

Province.

10

1900.

Julv 1-2

11

do

do...

Tavabas

Do.

12
13

Lino Livoro
Santo de los Reyes

....do...
Julv 13

Luban Island
Aravat, Pampanga

Do.
Do

14

do

do ...

Tariac

Do

15

do

do

Do

16

Luis Esteban

Julv 16

Pampanga

Do

17

Julv 18

Bataan

Do

18

do

Zambales

Do

19

Mariano Gil

....do...

Bataan

Do.

20

John Orr

Julv 21

Tayabas

Do

21

do

do .

Do

. 22

Mariana Xoble Jose

Julv 25

Do

23

do

do...

Zambales

Do.

24

Celesforo Correa

Julv 26

Do

25

July 27

Do

26

do

.. ..&>;..

Zambales

Do.

27

do ...

Bataan

Do

28

do

Do

Salvador Linao

... do...

Bataan

Do.

30

Francisco Paguio

....do...

do . ..

Do.

31

Julv 28

do

Do

32

Antonio Vidanes

Morong

Do.

do

do

Laguna

Do.

34

Aug. 1

Do

35

opment Co.
do

....do...

Camarines, Sur

Do.

36
37

38

Bruno de Borja
Luis Esteban
Romulo Mercado

....do...
....do...
Aug. 2

Bulacan
Tariac
Pampanga

Do.
Do.
Do.

39

Anacleto Mendoza

. .do ..

Bataan

Do.

40

Herbert R Spincoe

Aug 3

do

Do

41

Isidore Tuzon

do...

Pampanga

Do.

42

do

do ...

Do.

43

Aug 4

44

Santiago Mallarv

Aug 6

45
46

Jacobo F. Arscuschek

Aug. 8
do

do
do

Do.
Do

47

Aug 9

Masbate Island

48
49

Epifanio Salta

Nueva Ecija

Luzon.
Do.

50

do

Do

51

Jose Izquierdo

do ...

Do.

52

Mariano Vega

Aug 17

Do.

53

Enrique 0 rte Ca«telvi

do

Do

54

Francisco Roque

do

Do.

55

Chino Jose Chung Sunmuv..

Tariac

Do.

56

Marcelo Tiglao

do

Do.

57

Tap Guian

Aug. 22

Tariac

Do.

58

N. F. Hashim & Co

do

Zambales

Do.

59

Feliza Javier Martinez

\ug 23

Do.

60

Manuel Nieto

do ...

Albay

Do.

61

Gregorio Dizon

Aug. 28

Tariac

Do.

62

do ...

do

Do.

«3
64

Luis Esteban
Meliton Infantado

do ...
Aug. 28

Nueva Ecija

Do.
Do.

€5

Oscar F. Campbell

Aug 29

Do.

66
67

Sixto San Agustin
Juan Alili

Sept. 5
do. .

Bataan
Tariac

Do.
Do.

68
69

Carlos Serrano
do

....do...
do

Masbate

Do.

Masbate Island.

70

do

do...

Burcias Island

71

Saturnino Cumington

Sept. 10

Bataan

Luzon.

72
73

Chino Jose Sun-Muy

do...
Sept 15

Cagayan

Do.
Do.

74
75

Antonio Correa y Pomar (agent)
Marcelino Tangeo.

....do...
do

Cagayan

Do.
Do.

76

Francisco Dominguez

....do...
do

Pampanga

Tariac

Do.
Do.

78

Claro Lagdameo Evangelista.

Sept 19

Do.

79
80
81

do
do

do...
....do...

Camarines Norte
Camarines Sur

Do.
Do.

Pastor Macamava

Sept 22

Luzon.

83

do

do

Do.

84

do

do

Do.

85

Juan de Molina Martell

do...

do

Do.

86

87

Melquiades Flores

....do...
do

Bulacan

do

Do.
Do.

Martin Gonzalez

Sept. 24

Pampanga . . .

Do.

26 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. I. — Continued.
TIMBER LICENSES— Continued.

No.

Licensee.

Date.

Location.

Province.

90
91
92
93
94

95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167

1900.
Sept. 24
do

Pampanga

Luzon.
Do.

Do.
Do.
Fourth d i s t r i c
Mindanao.
Luzon.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Do.

Pedro Cuevas

Sept. 25

Pedro Duyapa

Sept. 27
do...

Cagayan
Davao

do

Pedro Rodriguez
Jos6 Rojas Tan Conges (Chino) .
do

Oct. 1
. do ...

Pampanga
do

....do...
do

Tarlac

Luis Arnalot

do...

do

do

Manila. ...

do

Carlos Lagman

Oct. 3
do

Pampanga

Bataan

Oct 5

Nicalao Pica y Planas

....do...
do .

Tavabas

Manila

Oct. 10
do ...

do

Oct. 11
do

Tarlac

Nueva Ecija

Brigido Achico

do ...

Pampanga

Oct. 16
do

Manila

Pedro Edafio

Pascual de Perio

do ...

do

Oct. 22
do

Martina Sicat

do

Felipe Angeles

....do...
do

Bulacan

Abra .

do

do

Johan Theodore Lund

Oct. 23
Oct. 27
....do...

Bataan

Manila

Juan Canov

Bataan

Rufino Lun-Culloc

....do...

Pampanga

Monico Espino

....do...

....do....

Pantaleon Gabriel

do

.do... . .

do

Fabian de Guzman

do ...

do

Fermin Mendoza.

do

.do.

do

Ignacio Alvarado

do...

do

Fermin Macanaya.

do

do

do

do

Severino Donato

do

do

Mariano Cactaquin.

Nov. 6
do...

Pangasinan
Tavabas

Francisco Garcia

Tomas Garcia

Valentin Espiritu

....do...

Nov 8

Nueva Ecija

do

Otto Scheerer

Nov. 9
Nov 14

Benguet

Manila

Victor Lorenzo .

do

do

Teodoro A. Raymundo
Mamerto Roque
Serviliano Vitug

....do...
....do...
do . .

Zambales

do

Emilio A.Lallave
Ivon Pineda

do

....do...
Nov. 16
do

Ilocos Norte
Tarlac
Pangasinan
Bataan

Antonino de Guzman
Jeronimo Zabala
Benito Tang Cuaco

Nov. 19
....do...
do

Pampangas

Paulino Santiano

do

Francisco Pilapil
Gregorio Hernandez

Nov. 26
do

Morong
do

Victoriano L. Evangelista
Antonino Maximo .

....do...
do

Tavabas

do

Vicente Trivino

do

Mariano Montejo
Emilio Peni
Hipolito de la Rosa
Jos6 Corpus

....do...

Nov. 28
Nov. 30
do

Marinduque Island

Masbate Island

Zambales
do

Carlos Planes

....do...
Dec. 1
....do...
....do...
Dec. 3

Miisbiite

Vicente Camara
Jose Caballero

Protasio Cuaderno ...

Zambales
Romblon Island

Bulacan....

KEPOET OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 27

Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. I.— Continued.
TIMBER LICENSES— Continued.

No.

168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
1%

197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
333
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245

Licensee.

Date.

Location.

Province.

Simeon Bias

1900.
Dec. 3
do ...

Luzon.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Panay.
Luzon.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Mindanao.
Do.
Luzon.
Do.
Do.

Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Panav Island.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Luzon.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Panay.

Teodoro de Mesa

Juan Macedo
A \V Holmes

....do...
do

Zambales

E. L. Probasco

....do...

do

Miguel del Castillo

Dec. 10
do

do

Manuel Relos

....do...

do...^

Tomas Calagui do ...
Mariano de Leon i do ...

do
Isabela

Juan Atayde

....do...
Dec. 11
do

Tarlac

Ciracadel Raido

Bataan

Pedro Calantas

....do...
do

Gabriel Formoso . .

do

Dec. 14
do...

Pedro Jeronimo

Ly Agen

do...

Iloilo

Santiago Gimeno
Macario Marco

....do...
....do...

Cavite

Laguna .

do

....do...
do

Chua Tong (Chinese)

dr>

Juan Taldon

....do...
Dec. 15
....do...
....do...
do .

Kanuto Engelskjon
Manuel Murciano
Pantaleon Villegas

Surigao Island, etc

Tarlac

Dolores Rivera . .

A.W.Prautch

Nuctas Santos
Roman Tongeo

1901.
Jan. 6
Jan. 7
do.. .

Pampanga

Bataan

do

Antonio Font

Lun IngChiat (Chinese)
Miguel Pascual

....do...
....do...
do

Zambales

Bataan

Julian Balte

do

Gabriel Cord

— do ... Tayabas

Joaquin Bavot

do Masbate Island

Antonio Gomez

... do ... Manila

do 1 do

Jose Barrierro

Tomas Asuncion

Francisco Tiangeo

Isidoro Noriega

Martini Suat

Josd M.Almeda

Tomas Garcia

Clemencia Navarro

Francisco Sison
Zacarius Asuncion
Nicolas Pilapil

....do...
....do...
....do....

Nueva Ecija
Sorsogon

Morong

Mariano Dedacal
Cipriano Candelario

Torobio de Leon

....do...
....do...
do

Bataan

Bulacan
Iloilo

do

Antonio Correa y Pomar
Fruta de la Paz.

....do...
do

Jose Elipio

Jan. 9
do

do

Jose Zufenata

do

Pedro Yasquez
James Porter

do

do

do

Cayagan

do

Manuel Oleaga

, Bonifacio Cortez

do

do

do

do

Lorenzo Castillo

do

do

Alejo Berades . .

do

do

do

do

Faustino Comillas

do.

do

Leoncio Duvapa

do

do

Francisco Agconila

do

do

do

Marcos Duvapa do

do

Gabriel Cabal

do

do . . .

Vicente Pascual

do

do

Fruta de la Paz

....do...

Concepcion . . .

28 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. I. — Continued.
TIMBER LICENSES— Continued.

No.

Licensee. j Date. | Location.

Province.

246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262

264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325

Mariana Alcaeid

1901.
Jan. 12
....do...

T>in 17

Zambales
Masbate Island

Luzon.

Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Panay.
Do.
Luzon.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Mindanao.
Do.
Do.

Luzon.
Do.

Do.
Do.

Leyte.
Luzon.

Do.

Do.
Do.
Do.
Panay.
Luzon.

Do.

.Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Leyte.
Luzon.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.

Jos6 C. Zapiram

Timoteo Sevilla

Simplino Estrada do . . . Pangasinan

Tomos Angeles do ...
Anacleto Vicente ' do ...

Pampanga
do
Romblon
Tavabas

Ilo'ilo ...

OngTingeo (Chinese) do...
Manuel Perez de Tagle do . . .

do...1 .. do

Frank S. Bourns (agent)
do

do... Benguet
do ... Zamboanea

M A Clarke

Jan. 21
Jan. 22
....do...
Jan. 24
do

Benguet

Pablo Garcia Mostratis
Isidro Protusada y de Loyole. . .
John F. Macleod

Masbate Island
Matti

John F Macleod

do Mntti

....do...

Leyte Island

Luis Hidalgo

Jan. 25
....do...
do...

Adriano Tolentino
Gemiaiano Zurbito

Panga.sinan
Masbate Island

Bataan

W N Swarthout

Feb. 14
Feb. 15
....do...
Feb. 18
do

W F Lownev & Co

Basilan Island

Mercer, Nugent & Co
Joaquin Campomanos

Zambales

Levte Island

Isidore del Castillo

....do...
Feb. 19
do

Batangas

Pascasio de Mendezoma
do

Chicote y Sanchez y Co
O. Orchard

....do...
....do...
Feb. 21
Feb. 23
Feb. 25
do

Davos, Mindanao

F. Emerson Hoar

Laguna
Morong

Bonifacio Seronino

Pastor del Castillo
Tomas Revilla

....do...
do

Capiz

Pedro de la Vina

Feb. 26
do...

Sixto del Rosario. . .•

Marianno Yerro
do

Feb. 27
....do...

. . .do

Pedro C. Rodriguez

Mar. 1
Mar. 5
Mar. 6

Mutate Island

Augustin Asensio

.do ...

do

Mar. 6
do...

E Francisco Asis

Pedro S. Magdangal | do ...

Honorio Lazam

Apr. 9
do...

G.L.M.Saxton
Carl F. Miller

Masbate Island

Tomas Ortiz

Nueva Ecija

Phelps Whitmarsh

Union

Florentine Milanes . .do ...

do

Jos6 Llobrera i do

do

do

Charles Muller

....do...
do

Nueva Ecija

Potenciano Lesaca

Santiago Calixto

do

Gregorio Bonilla

....do...

'do

Charles Muller

do

Teodoro de Castro

do

Severe Madrid

Apr. 12
do...
do ...

do

Francisco Enaje de Jesus
Lucio Lising

Jose Munoz

Bilivan Islands
Tarlac

do .'

Rufino Quimson

. . . .do . . . ; Nueva Ecija

Fausto Ormacchea
Mercer, Nugent & Co
Cirilo de Perio

Apr. 19
do...

Albay
Zambales
do

do

Miiv :;
May 14
do...

do

Bias Pantal eon....

North Ilocos...

REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 29

Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. I. — Continued.
TIMBER LICENSES-Continued.

No.

Licensee.

Date.

Location.

Province.

326

Juan Ortega

1901.
May 14

Nueva Ecija

Luzon.

327

do

do

Do

328

Cirilo Estella

....do...

Zambales

Do

329

Tirnoteo Manzano

....do...

do.. .

Do

330

do

Do

331

Wilbur J McKee

do

Do

332

Rafael Culvo

....do...

Tavabas

Do

333

Florencio Dequito

do

do .

Do

334

Lim \ Baza

do

do

Do

335

Manuel A vala

....do...

Camarines Norte

Do

337
338

Rafael Caivo
Mariano Onandia
Paciano Rizal Mercado

....do...
....do...
....do...

Camarines Sur

*"%::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Do.
Do.
Do

339

Sil vestre Siping

....do...

do . . .

Do

340

do

341

do

Levte

342
343

Domingo Lavin

....do...
do.

Sarnar
Camote Island

Cebu

344

Felix Robles de la Rama

....do...

Guimaras Island

Iloilo.

345

Jose Diaz Aguilar

....do...

Leyte

346

..do..

347

Jose V Castellano

do

Do

348

Feliza Viejo

do...

Tavabas

Do.

349
350

T.C.Manurl

Mav 15

do

Nueva Ecija

Do.

351

John H. Carter

....do...

Zambales

Do.

352

Patricio Bailon

May 16

Do

353

do

do

Albav

Do

354

Federicolgnasio y Pana (Chino)

May 17

Tavabas

Do.

355
356

Celestino Mercader

Harry M Luresett

— do .:.

May 21

Sorsogon

Do.

357

A. Iturri <fc R. Manereu & Co. . .

May 22

Camarines Norte

Do.

358

Lorenzo C. Afable

....do...

Levte

Do

359

do

do

Do

360

Eugenio Diaz

....do...

do

Do.

361

Benito V. Cervera

do...

Surigao . .

362

do

do

Do

363

J \V Winkelbach

do

364

Francisco Bavan

May 28

Bulacan . .

Do.

365

., do .

366

Miguel Logarta

....do...

Levte

Do.

367

Teodoro Sandico

Mav 29

Nueva Ecija

Do.

368

Antonio Saez . . .

do...

Iloilo

369
370

M. Peypoch & Co
Buenaventura Ochangeo

....do...
May 31

Tayabas
Bulacan

Luzon.
Do.

371

Albert D'Arcv

do

Principe

Do

372

June 1

Do

373

do

Do

374

Cipriano P. Cruz

do...

Do.

375

do

Manila

376

\Vm Neill

377

Jose Barrierro

do...

Do.

378

Natalio Rullado

do

Do

379

do

do

Do

Vicente Puzon

::::do:::

do . . .. .

Do.

381
382

Francisco Sanz

....do...
do

Sibuyan

Romblon.

383

Manuel Palafox

do...

North Ilocos .

Do.

384

Eusebio Ong Tuaco . .

Do.

385

do

do

Do

386

Marcelo Barba

June 11

North Ilocos ...

Do.

387

Pedro L. Valdez

. . do...

do

Do.

389

Taciano Delgado
Melecio Lexon

....do...
June 13

Laguna
do

Do.
Do.

390

Melquiades Limpico

do...

do

Do.

391
392
393

M.JapSiooo (Chinese) ...
Cayetano de Chinchilla
do

....do...
June 17
do...

Romblon
Neuva Ecija

Do.
Do.

394

Domingo Ferrer

do

Do.

395

do

Do.

3%

do

do «.

Do

397

Cosme du Churruca, agent. . . .

do...

Levte .*

Do.

Felisa Viejo

June 19

Do.

400

Taciano Delgado

....do...

Rizal

Do.

401

Teodoro Jatco . .

do

do

Do.

402
403

Felipe Caharion

....do...
June 24

Laguna

Misamis

Do.

404
405

Tomas Gomez
Manuel Arbona . . .

....do...
....do...

Leyte

Bataan ....

Luzon.

32 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. I. — Continued.
FIREWOOD LICENSES— Continued.

No.

Licensee.

Date.

Province.

79

1901.
Jan. 9

Iloilo.

80

do...

Do.

81

do

Do

82

do

Do

83

....do...

Gaga van.

84

do

Iloilo"

85

Jan 12

Zambales

86

....do...

Morong.

87

do

88

Jan 17

Bataan

89

Jan 24

90

Jan. 17

91

do

do

92

M A Clarke

Jan. 21

Do.

93

Jan. 24

Laguna.

94

John F Macleod

do

Matti Mindanao

95

do

96

John J Macleod

do..

Matti.

97

Luis Hidalgo

Jan 25

98

do

99

W N Swarthout

Feb. 14

Bataan.

100

Feb 15

101

do

102

... do.

Tavabas.

103

do

104

Felix Estella

....do...

Zainbales.

105

do

Iloilo, Panav.

106

do

Do

107

do

Do

108

Mercer, Nugent & Co

do

109

Feb 18

110

Feb 21

111

Daniel Coryell

do

112

Feb 25

113

Jap Siang (Chinese)

... do...

Pampanga.

114

Mariano Noble Jose

do

115

do

116

Juan de la Paz

... do..

Iloilo, Panay.

117

118

Isidore del Castillo

Feb. 26
do

Batangas.
Manila

119

Telesforo Conception

do .

Bulacan.

120

Severino del Castillo .

do

121

Mar 1

122

Julio Bautista

Mar 7

Zambales.

123

Marcial Estella

do

Do

124

Eulalio Misa

do

Do

125

Lim-Ing-Chiat

do

Bataan.

126

do

Masbate

m

Mariano Mendoza

do...

Batangas.

128

Cristino Javier

Apr 12

Pan.wisinan.

129

do

Do

ISO

Luciano Bermudes

do...

Do.

131

Valerio Rua .

do

Cavite.

132

do

Bataan

133

Claro Pascual

do...

Do.

134

Crispina Guiambas

do .

Do.

135

Ciriaco Bautista

do

Do.

136

Marcelino Aguirro

do...

Do.

137
138

Inocencio Ramos

Santiago Calixto

...do...
do

Capiz.

139

Severo Madrid

...do...

Sorsogon.

140
141

P. Lawton Wightman
Bartolomo Tablante

....do...
Apr 13

Laguna.

142

Protasio Cuaderno

Apr. 19

Laguna.

143
144

Federico Kauffman (agent)

Apr. 22
do

Panay Island.
Bataan

145

Francisco Urizar

May 14

Cagavan.

146

147

Wilbur J. McLee

Fidel P.Sias

do...
do

Morong.

Pan gasman.

148

Cesario Oganiza

....do...

Do.

149
150

Rafael Cal vo
Mariano Onandia

....do...
do

Tayabas.
Albav.

15?

Severino Valeses

....do...

Bulacan.

153

Cornelio Malibiran

do...

Bataan

154

Luis Samson

do

Do.

155

do

Do

156

Crescendo Rebullada

do...

Do.

157

Canute del Castillo

do

Do.

158

Jos6 V. Custellano . . . .

....do...

Zambales

REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 33

Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. /.—Continued.
FIREWOOD LICENSES— Continued.

No.

Licensee.

Date.

Province.

159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

Jos6 Diaz Aguilar

1901.
Ma.^4

Leyte.
Morong.
Tavabas.
Tarlac.
Tayabas.
Do. .
Iloilo, Panay.
Camarines Sur.
Iloilo, Panay.
Samar.
Zamboanga.
Sorsogon.
Albay.
Sorsogon.
Camarines Norte.
Masbate.
Bulacan.
Concepcion, Iloilo.
Tayabas.
Bulacan.
Do.
Pampanga.
Tayabas.
Bataan.
Laguna.
Pampanga.
Iloilo, Panay.
Bataan.
Pangasinan.
Tarlac.
Leyte.
Morong, Rizal Prov.
Capiz, Panay.
Bataan.
Morong, Rizal Prov.
Pampanga.
Laguna.
Tayabas.
Bataan.
Do.
Tayabas.
Paragua.
Do.
Do.
Morong, Rizal Prov.
Iloilo.
Do.
Bataan.
Pampanga.
Do.
Bataan.

Felisa Viejo

do

Justo Garcia

.. do

Ong-Tingeo

....do...
do

do

Rafael Calvo

....do...
do

Felix Robles de la Rama

do

Juan Jaldon

do

Patricio Baylon

do

Mav 16

do

Celestino Mercader

May 17
May 22
May 28
do...

Ant. Iturri & Ramon Manueri

Francisco Bavan

Antonio Saiz

Mav 29
do...
May 31
June 1
....do...
do

M. Pevpoch & Co

Pedro Mageasi

Cirilo Manalota
Gabriel Cord de Cruz

Luis Sorriano

....do...

Jose Barriero

June 5
dr.

Elena Brodeth do...

Flaviana Cuninan

....do...
June 17
....do...

Evarista Ortiz

Cosme de Churrtica (agent)

....do...

June 19
June 24
June 28
July 3
do...

Florentina Fria

Engracio Santiago

Thomas F. Page

....do...
JU1 6

Francisco Garcia Vergara

Buenaventura Banzon

do...

Ramon Lagdameo

July 8
Julv 10
....do...
....do...
July 12
July 13
....do...
do

Frank S. Bourns

Benito Legarda

Demetrio Juason

Jose Grialte

A.M. Eaton, jr

do :

Francisco Brillante . .

July 15
....do...
do

Apolonio Banuelos

Dominga Salandanan

DYEWOOD LICENSES.

No.

Licenses.

Date.

Location.

Province.

1
2

Siponzo
Frias y Ca

1901.
Jan. 1
Jan. 24

Panay
. ...do

Iloilo.
Do.

3

4

John T. Macleod

do

....do...
do

Mindanao
do

Matti.
Do.

5

do

do

Zamboanga.

6

7

Jose Tulueta
Clemente Tarate

Feb. 15
do

Panav
do

Iloilo.
Do.

8

Dan'l Coryell

Feb. 21

Ticao Island

Masbate.

9

Feb 25

Iloilo.

10

Mar 7

Do.

11

John H Carter

Mav 15

Zambales.

12
1

Tusto Porcuria
A M Eaton ir

June 26
Julv 13

do

Tayabas.
Iloilo.

2

do

Do.

.

11064—01-

34 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. I. — Continued.

LICENSES FOR RUBBER, GUMS, GUTTA-PERCHA, ETC.

No.

License.

Date.

Location.

Province.

1

1900.
Aug 1

Sibuyan Island

2

Masbate Island

Masbate

3

Aug 21

4

Sept. 5

Masbate

Masbate.

5

do

do

Cicao Island

Do

6

do

do

Do

7

Sept. 15

Cagayan

8

representative of the "Cam-
pania Gral de Tabacosde Fili-
pinas."

Sept. 19

Tayabas

Do

9
10

Matute Hermanos

Sept. 27
do

Davao

do

Mindanao.
Do

11

Oct. 1

Tayabas

12

Nov 6

.. do

Do

13
14

Victoriano L. Evangelista

Nov. 26
do...

do ,
do

Do.
Do

15

do.

Masbate Island

Masbate

16

Vicente Camara

Dec. 1

Zambales

Luzon.

17

Jose Caballero

...do ...

Romblon

18

Antonio Correa v Pamar (agent)

1901.
Jan. 9

Tayabas

Luzon.

19

Jan. 17

.....do

Do.

20

do ..

21

John Macleod

Jan. 24

Malti

Mindanao.

22

John Macleod

...do...

do

Do.

23

do

Do

24

Luis.Hidalgo

Jan. 25

Cagavan

Luzon.

25

Chicote y Sanchez y Ca

Feb. 19

Davao

Mindanao.

26

Apr 12

Zambales

27

Gregorio Banilla

...do...

Tayabas

Do.

28

Mav 14

Do.

29

Rafael Calvo

do

Do

30

do

...do...

South Camarines

Do.

31

Mariano Onandia

do .

Albay

Do.

32
33

Juan Jaldon
J. W. Winkelback

...do...
Mav 22

Zamboanga
Davao

Mindanao.
Do.

34

Melchor Castejon

May 28

Tablas

35

Do

36

M. Pevpoch y Ca

June 11

Tayabas

Luzon.

37

June 17

Leyte

Leyte

38

June 26

1

Tomas Blanco —

July 13

Masbate Island...

Masbate.

GRATUITOUS LICENSE.

1

Tomas Ganara

1900.
Oct. 12

Luzon

Tarlac.

2

Silvinolsla

Oct. 27

.. do

Do.

3

Nov 3

do

Do

4

Cosme Lasmarias

Nov. 21

....do....

Union.

5
6

Leoncio Paras

Nov. 23
Dec 28

do

do

Tarlac.
Do

7

Lieut. L. H. Rand

1901.
Jan 9

do

8

Captain Tianza

do

do

9

Peter Buckley

do ...

do

Do.

10
11

John F. Reaves

Sergeant Miller, Signal Corps..

....do...
Jan. 22

do
do

Do.
Cagayan.

12

Lieut. Basil O. Lenoir

Feb. 1

do

13
14

Padre Patricio Calderon
Lieut. W. H. H. Chapman

Feb. 27
Apr. 8

do
do

Manila.
Ilocos Norte.

15
16

17

Lieut. Robert E. Brooks
Maj.W.N. Wotherspoon
Lieutenant Stickle

Apr. 19
Apr. 23
May 14

do

Pan de Azucar

Zambales.
Iloilo.
Nueva Ecija

18

Capt. I. P. O'Neil

do...

... do .

Zambales.

19

Presidente municipal of Cama-

do

Cagayan.

20

laniugan.
Nicolas Marzal

June 10

do

21

Bonifacia Reyes

do

do

Do.

22
23

Colonel McCaskey

June 18
June 19

....do
do

Ilocos Norte.

24

Gregorio P. Antonio ,

do

do

Do.

25
26

Phelps Whitmarsh

June 20
June 21

....do

do .

Benguet.

27
28

cada.
Capt. H. L. Draper

do

June 27
do

....do....
do

Hainan.

29
30

Presidente municipal of Pam-
plona.
Alcalde municipal of Dagupan

June 29
....do...

Pamplona
Luzon

Cagayan.
Pangasinan,

EEPOET OF FOEESTEY BUEEAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 35

GENERAL ORDERS, 1 OFFICE U. S. MILITARY GOVERNOR, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS,

No. 92. j Manila, P. I., June 27, 1900.

The following provisions based on existing law, and amendatory thereto, prescribing
the tariff on State timber, and regulations for the utilization of forest products in the
public forests of the Philippine Islands, shall have the force and effect of law on and
after July 1, 1900; but existing law on the same subjects shall remain valid, except
in so far as herein modified or repealed, expressly, or by necessary implication.

CHAPTER I. — Tariff on State timber and instructions for its application.

ARTICLE 1 . Timber shall be classified into six groups as indicated in the tables below.

ART. 2. The unit of measure shall be, for the present, the cubic foot. It is recom-
mended that lumber dealers accustom their employees to the use of the metric system.

ART. 3. The price per cubic foot for the valuation of State timber shall be as indi-
cated in the following table. The price shall be the same in all parts of these islands:

[Cents per cubic foot.]

Superior group 14

First group 10

Second group .' 8

Third group 3

Fourth group 2

Fifth group 1

ART. 4. The State sells its trees standing, excluding the bark in measuring the tree.

ART. 5. Inasmuch as the measurement of standing timber can not always be made,
for lack of available forestry employees, the concessioners may stack the timber
hewn or cut up, subject to the additional charges hereinafter provided.

ART. 6. In round timber the length of the piece and the circumference in the
middle section shall be measured.

ART. 7. When the logs are presented rough hewn— i. e., where a section is approxi-
mately octagonal (four sides being hewn and the other four with the bark on)— the
dimensions shall be taken by measuring the length and average transverse section,
but said section shall be a quadrilateral, formed by prolonging the four larger sides—
i. e., the four hewn sides.

ART. 8. If the logs be hewn square, the contents shall be ascertained by measuring
the length and an average transverse section, but in such cases the valuation shall
be increased 25 per cent for the wood lost in hewing the tree square.

ART. 9. The cubic contents of sawed timber shall be ascertained as in the preceding
article, carrying out the figures to tenths of a cubic "point;" but the increase in
valuation (to make up for loss in the sawing) shall be limited to 15 per cent.

ART. 10. Wood of the Camagon tree, when presented stripped of its inner bark or
surplusage, using only the heart wood, as is the custom of the trade, shall be meas-
ured according to the cubic contents actually presented, but the valuation shall be
increased 100 per cent.

ART. 11. Logs of ebony trimmed down in like manner to the black hard wood
shall be measured according to the cubic contents actually presented, as in the
preceding case, but the valuation shall be increased 200 per cent.

ART. 12. The woods of groups 3, 4, and 5 only may be cut for fuel.

ART. 13. Classification of woods as per first article:

I. SUPERIOR GROUP.

No.

Popular names.

Scientific names.

1

Calantas

Cedrela Toona Roxb.

2

Diospyros discolor Willd.

3

Dungon

Heritiera silvatica Vidal.

4
5

Ebano

Ipil

Maba buxifolia Pers.
Afzelia bijuga A. Gray.

6

Xanthostemon Verdugonianus, Naves.

7

Molave

Vitex altissima Li.

8

Narra - .

Pterocarpus indicus Willd.

9

Teca

Tectona grandis Li.

10

Tindalo

Afzelia rhomboidea Vidal.

11
12

Yacal

Hopea plagata Vidal.
Fragraea fragans Roxb.

36 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

II. FIRST GROUP.

No.

Popular names.

Scientific names.

1

Acle

Pithecolobium acle Vidal

2

3

(Mnnamomum camphoratum, Bl.

4

Diospiros.

.5

{j

Baticuling

Litsea Perrottetii.B.el H.

g

9

10

Betis .'

Azaola betis, Blanco.

11

Murrava exotica Li

Cubi

13

Garcinia.

14

Wriglitia ovata, A. D. C.

15

Malatapav

16

17

Ginosporia.

III. SECOND GROUP.

1

Casuarina sequisetifolia, Li.

2

3

Alpav

4

N\>l>h(>linm loimaiia Cams.

5
6

Amuguis 1st

Odina speciosa, Bl.

7

Banaba

Latrrrstrarmia Flos Retinae Ret.

8
9

Banitan

Xvlopia Blancoi, Xal.
Alstonia macrophvlla Willd

10

Bavuco 2d

Artocarpus.

11

12

Bahuyo

Bilolo

Albizzia.

13

14
15

Calirnantao

Evodia.

16

Cana fistula

Cassia fistula, Li.

17

18

Dolitan

I'alaqnium.

19
20

Dungon-late
Guijo

Heriticra littoralis, Drians.

21

Guipato

22
23

Guisihan

Ratonia montana, Bt. et Hook.

24

Macaasin

Eugenia.

25

Glirisidia maculata, B. A. H.

26

Myristica.

27

Malacapon

28

Dillenia Reiffercheidia, Fer. V.

29

Malaruhat

30

Mangachapuv

Shorea Mangachapuy, Bl.

31

Shorea.

32

33

Marang

Artocarpus.

34

Premna nauseosa, Blanco.

35

36

Nato

Sterculia.

37

Quercus Blaucoy, A. D. C.

38

Paitan

39

Palayen

Quercus.

40

Palo Maria

Calopyllum inophyllum, Li.

41

Pasac

42

43

Romero .

Podocarpus costalis, Presl.

44

Sirique

45

Supa

Sindora WallicMi, Benth.

46

Tangriile

Shorea Talura, Roxb.

47

Biscofia Javanica, Bl.

48

Tucan-calao

Sterculia.

IV. THIRD GROUP.

1

Abilo

2

Alagao

Premna vestila, Schaner.

3

4

Albizzia

6

Anagap

Pithecolobium labatum, Benth.

6

Albizzia procera, B.

7

Anobling . . .

Talauma Angatensis. Vidal.

REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 37

IV. THIRD GROUP— Continued.

No.

8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67

70
71
72
73
74
75

Popular names.

Scientific names.

Cordia mixa, Li.
Ochna fascicularis, Bl.
Dipterocarpus grandiflorus, Bl.
Nauclea.
Terminalia.
Sisygium.
Ormosia calavensis, Bl.
Buchanania florida, Schaner.
Diplodiscus paniculatus, Turcz.
Aleurites trisperma, Bl.
Xilopia blancoi, Xal.
Wrightia.
Litsea.
Psidium guyabas, Li.
Pterospermum acerifolium, Willd.
Callophillum.
Zizygium.
Terminalia edulis, Bl.
Pithecolobium dulce, Benth.
Antidesma.
Diospiros.
Parkia Roxburghii, G. Don.
Shorea.
Terminalia.
Grewia multiflora., Fuss.
Dracontomelum.
Eugenia.
Alstonia scholaris, Li.
Zizyphus.
Myristica Fatua, Hoult.
Agathis lorantifolia, Sabist.
Garcinia.
Cratoxylon floribundum, F.Will.
Dipttrocarpus pilosus, Roxb.
Anisoptera Thurifera, Bl.
Cumingia philippinensis, Vidal.
Citrus.
Aleuritis Trisperma, Bl.
Terminalia.
Terminalia.
Dipterocarpus.
Gardenia pseudopsidium, F. Villar.
Myristica.
Palaquin.
Eugenia.
Pittosporum Fernandezii, Vidal.
Stephegyne diversifolia, Hook.
Magifera indica, Gaertu.
Samadera indica, Gaertu.
?
Dipterocarpus.
Sonneratia acida, Li.
Canarium Cumingii, Engl.
Shorea.
Mangifera altissima, Blanco.
Canarium ovatum, Engl.
Dipterocarpus hispidus, F. Villar.
Litsea Garciae, Vidal.
Sizygium.
Bridelia.
Terminalia sumatrana, Mig.
Pinus insularis, Endl.
Tamarindus indicus, Li.
Carapa moluccensis, Lam.
Terminalia Catappa, Li.
Pinus Mercusii, Jungh.

Morinda umbellata, Li.

Anatan

Baguilumboy

Bahav

Balinhasay

Balobo

Balucanat

Banitan

Batete

Batobato

Bitoc

Dalindigan ...

Dalinsi

Dao

Dinglas

Ditaa \.

Duclap

Gatasan

Hagadhad

Lauan

Libato

Lunbang

Magarapale

Malabayabas ...

Malacadios

Malasaguin puti

Manga

Matabao

Mayapis

Pagatpat

Palosapis

Paho

Pili

Pipi

Pulanbalat .

Sacat

Saleng

Sampoloc

Tabigui

Talisay

Tunbon aso

V. FOURTH GROUP.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Ficus pungens, Reinw.
Chisocheton sp.
Dracontomelum.
Ficus asparata, Bl.
Pigeum Maingayi, Hook.
Melodorum fulgens, H. A. T.
Buchanania nitida, Engl.
Columbia anilao, Bll.
Acacia farnesiana L.
Phyllanthus sp.

Alauihao

Alasas

Asactalong

160275

38 EEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
V. FOURTH GROUP— Continued.

No.

Popular names.

Scientific names.

11

Asia

Ficus heterophylla L.

12

Ata-ata

13

14

15

Melia duvia Cav

16

17

18

19

Bait

20

21

Balasabis

2&

24

Balibago

Hibiscus tiliaceus, L.

25

26

27

Baloc

Sapindus sp.

28

30

Balubat

Anacardium sp.

31

Balucot

Garcinia Cowa Roxb

33

Banaguling

34

Banalo

35

Mullotus philippinensis Muller

36

37

Bancudo or Nino

38

39

Bang-got

40

Bam

41

Batingui

42

Barinconcoron

43

Barusa

44

45

Batican

46

Bating

47

Batsan

48

Bausio

49

Bayac-usa •.

50

Bayit

51

Biga

52

Bigas •.

53

Bignay

54

Bignay-calabao

Antidesma chaesembilla, Goertn.

55

Bilaun

56

57

Binayuyo

Antidesma cumingii, Mull.

58

Binting-dalaga

59

60

61

Bogo

62

Boto-buti

63

64

Bubuy

65

66

67

Cacao-cacauan

68

69

Calay

XVlopia

70

Caliang-tang

Leea Sambucina, Willd.

71

Caloc-catmo

Vidalia sp

72

73

Cami-oi

74

Canomay .

75

Caraol

76

Caropsan

Linociera luzonica, Bl.

77

Carumanpat . . .

78

Caturay

79

Cugao

80

Culin-manog

Canthium Mite Benth

81

Culis

Memecvlon edule, Roxb.

82

Cuyaquia

Cuyas-cuyas

84

Daluroy .

85

Dangle

86

Daniri

87

Danloy...

88

89

Dapdap

90

Dila-dila ....

91

92

Dondonay

93

Duca

Dittelasma sp.

KEPOKT OF FORESTEY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 39
V. FOURTH GROUP— Continued.

No.

Popular names.

Scientific names.

94
95
%
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176

Excrecaria agallocha, Mull.
Eleocarpus sp.

Clausena sp.
Dracontomelum mangiferum, Bl.

Eugenia sp.

Semecarpus anacardium, Li.
Eugenia sp.
Ficus launfolia, Bl.
Lunasia amara, Bl.
Gonocarum tarlacense, Vid.

Stereospermum sp.

Aritera rufescens, Radlk.
Cyclostemon sp.
Litsea sp.

Hibiscus sp.
Iteadaphne confusa, Bl.
Bombax malabaricum, D. C.
Talauma.
Beddomea luzoniensis, Vid.
Hemegyrosa deflcienis, Bed.
Cletra canescens, Rauiro.

Phvllanthus sp.
Celtis philippinensis, Bl.
Mallotus sp.

Sapindus Turczadinowii, Vid.
Polyscia Cumingiana, Pers.

Vernonia arborea, Ham.
Cinnamomum sp.
Sandoricum borneense, Mig.
Canarium sp.
Albizzia sp.
Sizygium sp.
Barnngtoma sp.

Albizzia julibrisin, Durog.

Mangifera.
Acalipha sp.
Canthium.
Tabernaemontana coronaria, Br.
Wornia sp.

Engelhardtia sp.
Gomphia angustifolia, Vabl.
Ceriops candollanea, Arm.
Nelistris sp.

Barringtonia racemosa, Bl.
Ardisia sp.

Cupania sp.
Aglaia sp.

Plectronia sp.
Gardenia pseudopsidium, F. Will.

Himbabao

Kugao

Lamio

Libas

Ligaa

Ligas

Lipote

Llapa

Maata

Maga

Maguilic

Malaaduas

Malabago

Malabulac

Malacacao

Malacna

Malaga-api. .

Malaga-itiman

Malaiba

Malaicmo

Malang-dalaga

Malapalitpit

Malasantol

Malatagon . . .

Malatigui

Malatubic

Malauban

Malibog

Matobato

Nanagdong

Paihot

Palang

Pandacaqui

Pangilinon

Pingol

Postalagon

Pototan . ....

Purav

Putad

Quio

Rubian

Safab

Salasic

Sipit-cait

Subo-subo

Sulipa

Supi

Surug ....

40 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
V. FOURTH GROUP— Continued.

No.

Popular names.

Scientific names.

177

Gardenia pseudopsidium F Will

178

Tabaldo

179

180

181

182

183

184

Talio

185

Tambis

186

Kleinhovia hospita, L.

187

188

189

190

Tical

191

192

193

194

195

Tingcal

Agleia sp.

196

197

Terstroemia Llanosii Vid

198

Tua

Delichandrone Rheedii, L.

199

200

Uban

VI. FIFTH GROUP.

1

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

29
30
31
32
33

Rhizophora conyugata, L.
Bruguiera Caryophylloides, Bl.
Kandelia Rheedii, W. et A.
Avicennia officinalis, L.
Bruguiera eriopetala, Wilz.
Lumnitzera racemosa, Willd.
Bruguiera parviflora, Wetk.
Lumnitzera Coccinea, W. et A.
Cumingii philippinensis, Vid.
Sevpluphora hidrophvlla, Goertn.
Cenosp Roxburhiana, A.
Rhizophora mucronata, Lam.
-iEgiceras majus, Goertn.

Livingstona rotundifolia, Mart.
Areca Nibung, Mart.
Licuala sp.
Corvpha *p.
Wailichia.
Orania.
Areca catechu, L.
Arenga saccarifera, Lab.
Wailichia sp.
Caryota sp.
Iguanura.
Areca sp.
Licuala elegans, Mart.
Bentinchia sp.
Areca alba Rumph. var. genocarpa,
Kumth.
Caryota urens, L.

Cocos sp.
Caryota Rumphiana, Mart.

Bacauan

Biuas

Calibayoan

Culasi

Libato-pula

Libato-puti

Nilad

Tagasa

Tangal

Tingan-baquis

PALMAS.

Anahao

Anibong

Balatbat

Balon-luyon

Banga . .

Bonga

Cauon

Dumavaca

Lum iac

Macasilad

Palindan

Pinag

Pugahan

Saguisi

Tamis-san

Taquipan

Tibanglang

New species added to above list as investigation continues. A total of 665 species now on list.
CHAPTER II. — The utilization of timber in the State forests.

ART. 14. One year from the date of license shall be allowed for the felling and
removal of timber. When the time allowed is not sufficient to admit of this, an
application for a new license must be made within such time as will admit the issu-
ing of the same before the expiration of the legal lim.it of the old license.

AST. 15. Felled timber shall be piled in cleared places in such a manner that meas-

ements may be readily ascertained.

ART. 16. The concessioner shall advise the chief of

the forest section of the time

EEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 41

the cutting will commence, shall state in what jurisdiction it will be effected, the
places where the timber will be piled, and the names and residences of his repre-
sentatives.

ART. 17. No concessioner holding a license for the ordinary cutting of wood shall
be allowed to act at the same time for a concessioner holding a gratuitous license.

ART. 18. The concessioner having cut the wood, shall be held responsible by the
State for its value as per official tariff. If, at the expiration of the time of his license,
he has not taken the timber out of the forest, in addition to its value he will be held
responsible for any damages which may have resulted to be estimated and approved
by the forestry official of the district.

"ART. 19. The carrier of sawed lumber, transporting same from lumber yards or
private warehouses, must be provided with a receipt, signed by the owner of the
establishment from which it came, showing in detail the number and classes of the
pieces. These receipts will be shown to the forestry officials when asked for, in
order to show where the lumber came from and avoid confusing same with products
which are carried direct from the public forests.

ART. 20. Constructors of vessels shall procure licenses and pay the value of the
timber used, and must furnish the local forest official with a statement of the timber
cut, which statement said official verifies.

ART. 21. After inspection and valuation of timber is made, the order of payment
is given, and after said payment is made and receipt shown the concessioner is free
to use the timber.

ART. 22. No vessel, whatever its size, built of timber from the public forests can
put to sea without having paid for the timber used, except as provided in the regula-
tions governing the gratuitous use of timber.

ART. 23. 1. Owners of mining concessions must pay an annual rent or tax for the-
ground so occupied, which tax shall be regulated by the greater or less adaptability
of the ground to the purposes of forest or agricultural cultivation. A bond of suffi-
cient amount shall also be required to cover any damage which may happen to the
trees or forest products from said mining operations, the conditions to be fixed by
this office, after due notice.

2. Owners of mining concessions, or their legal representatives, shall procure from
this office a license before utilizing state timber in their mining operations.

3. Applications for said licenses shall be forwarded through the mining bureau, in
which application shall be described the mining concessions they possess or repre-
sent, the forest or forests in which the timber is to be cut, the kinds of woods
desired, and the approximate quantity; also the uses to which the timber is to-
be put.

ART. 24. 1. Those who may desire to engage in the business of burning charcoal
in the public forests shall comply with the forestry regulations in everything which
relates to the utilixation of the forest products, and must provide themselves with
the necessary licenses.

2. After felling trees, and before commencing the process of burning for charcoal,
the party interested shall present to the local forestry official an itemized statement
of the timber felled, which will be verified and valued by that official, who will give
the order of payment. After payment the party is at liberty to proceed with the
burning, exercising care to do so at a sufficient distance from standing timber so as
not to cause damage, and he shall be held responsible for any damage so caused.

ART. 25. Concessioners shall notify the local forestry official, or in his absence the
president of the respective town, where the wood is being piled. Upon failure to do
as prescribed a penalty will be incurred of 25 per cent of the value of the wood.

ART. 26. Constructors of vessels and charcoal burners who fraudulently report to
the forestry official the number of pieces of wood cut will pay, in addition to th&
value of the excess, a fine of 25 per cent of its value.

CHAPTER III. — The gratuitous me of state timber.

ART. 27. 1. Licenses for the free use of timber shall be issued without charge by
this office.

2. Said licenses shall be issued to needy residents of towns upon application, to
which application shall be attached a certificate, signed by the president or alcalde
of the town, stating the circumstances and actual need in each particular case. No
charge shall be made for this certificate.

3. Said timber must be used exclusively in the construction of houses in which
the parties making application are going to live or have place of business or for
repair of same, for the manufacture of their implements of industry, in the construc-
tion of one or two bancas for the purpose of fishing or for the transportation of their
agricultural products.

42 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

4. The amount of timber thus conceded to needy residents by gratuitous license
-shall not exceed 1,000 cubic feet.

ART. 28. Tree species of the superior and first groups, as laid down in the official
tariff on state timber, are not to be cut under a gratuitous license.

ART. 29. Timber for the construction of bridges, government buildings, and other
works of a public character undertaken by the government may be obtained by
.gratuitous license issued by this office, application being made by the proper official.

ART. 30. Needy residents, and those persons in charge of the construction of pub-
lic works, desiring licenses for the gratuitous use of State timber, shall send their
applications, with other documents, to the chief forestry official of the district or
section, and in case there is no such official available, to the district commander,
who will forward same with the necessary indorsements to this office.

ART. 31. When the work referred to in article 29 is done by contract the con-
tractor must procure an ordinary license and comply with all the requirements of
rgame.

ART. 32. Six months from date of license shall be allowed needy residents in
which to fell and remove said timber. One year from date of license for such pur-
pose shall be allowed persons engaged in the construction of public works. When
there is not sufficient time in which to finish said work, a new license should be
solicited, in time so that it may be issued before the expiration of the old license.

ART. 33. There shall be attached to applications for gratuitous licenses to cut tim-
ber for public works a statement of the number of pieces, classes, and dimensions of
the wood required.

ART. 34. A concessioner shall notify the chief forestry official of the respective
section, of the time and place of cutting, and where the timber is to be stacked, and
the location of the public works for which the timber was granted.

ART. 35. A gratuitous license shall not be issued to timber dealers nor to those
holding an ordinary license.

ART. 36. The concessioner, after cutting is finished, shall notify in writing the
chief of the forest section, inclosing a statement of the timber cut'.

ART. 37. Timber can not be taken out of the jurisdiction of the town where cut
unless accompanied by a manifest authenticated by the local forestry official, or in
his absence by the president of the town (no charge shall be made for this authenti-
•cation). The concessioner shall, as per foregoing article, remit this manifest to the
forestry official of the section after said timber has arrived at the location of above-
mentioned public works. Said timber shall be detained in case of failure to show a
proper manifest, and, in addition, a fine of from 1 to 5 per cent of the value of the
wood so detained shall be imposed.

ART. 38. The chief forestry official of the forest section or the ranger of the pre-
cinct shall see that the cutting is carried on in conformity with these regulations and
terms of license. He shall compare the statements received from the concessioner
and inspect and measure the wood piled or used in said public works.

ART. 39. The concessioner shall be considered, as per article 30 of these regula-
tions, as an appointee of the district commander or other competent authority, and
also as his representative in the execution of said public work, and shall be held per-
sonally responsible for any violation of these regulations.

ART. 40. The concessioner is prohibited from giving away or selling a single piece
of wood cut under this form of license, not even under the pretext that it is surplus
wood. The wood must be used for the purpose for which it was granted, and should
there be any surplus said surplus shall be deposited in the presidencia of the town
at the order of the chief of the forest section, who will immediately arrange for its
sale at public auction. In such a case the concessioner shall have no right to
indemnity of any character, not even for expense of felling, hewing, or transporta-
tion, etc.

ART. 41. Should any person with a proper license for cutting timber for his per-
sonal and exclusive use or for public work cut a greater quantity than is allowed in
said license, or takes different classes from those specified, or applies them to a dif-
ferent object than that stated by the concessioner, or speculates in them, shall pay
the value of the timber and, in addition, a fine of three times its value.

ART. 42. Presidents or alcades of towns shall carefully attend to all who desire
certificates referred to in the twenty-seventh article and shall exercise care not to
make any false statements as to the'needs of the applicants, under a penalty of $20
fine for the first offense and an indictment before the courts in case of repetition.

ART. 43. Concessioners of gratuitous licenses shall notify the local forest official, or
in his absence the president or alcade of the town of the different places where the
wood is being piled. Failure to do so shall render concessioner liable to a fine equal
to 25 per cent of the value (as per official tariff) of the wood so piled.

KEPOKT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 43

CHAPTER IV. — Firewood for the market.

ART. 44. 1. Licenses to cut firewood for the market, to be cut in the State forests1
shall be issued from this office.

2. Applications for said licenses shall be delivered to the chief of the forest district
or section, who will forward same to this office with the necessary remarks.

3. District commanders may issue such licenses, after having received the proper
information concerning the circumstances of each particular case from the chief of
the forest section of the locality wThere the wood is to be cut.

4. District commanders shall notify this office, and also the chief forestry official
of the province, of the number of licenses issued by their order.

5. One year from date of license shall be allowed for the cutting, splitting, and
removal of firewood.

6. When said period is not sufficient, a new license shall be solicited, in time to
allow of its issue before the expiration of the old license.

ART. 45. The tree species of the third, fourth, and fifth groups only can be used
for firewood, and those cutting other species shall render themselves liable to a fine
of four times the value of the wood, which shall be measured and valued as timber,
as per official tariff.

ART. 46. When there is a great amount of firewood cut, the concessioner shall
localize his cutting and pile the wood beyond the forest, to avoid danger of fire when
wood becomes dry.

ART. 47. When the forest consists of dead and dry timber as a result of fire, all
may be cut down, but if the forest is composed of live trees, those to be cut must be
selected and cut down close to the ground. In falling, care must be taken that the
adjacent standing trees are not injured.

ART. 48. When it is not convenient for the concessioner to pay the value of the
products utilized in the office of the internal revenue of the province, on account of
its distance from the place of cutting, payment may be made to the president or
alcalde of the nearest town, who shall receive the amount, give a receipt to the con-
cessioner, and send a copv of this receipt to the nearest forestry official.

The sums thus collected by presidents qr alcaldes shall be turned into the office of
internal revenue.

ART. 49. The concessioners shall notify the local forestry official, or in his absence
the president of the town, where the wood is being piled. If said notice is not prop-
erly given a fine of 25 per cent of the value of the firewood shall be imposed.

ART. 50.' 1. Firewood cut in the forests of the State shall be divided into two
classes.

The first class, whether pieces are round or split, is known in the market under
the name of "rajas," from 75 centimeters to 1J meters long, and from 20 to 40 centi-
meters in circumference.

2. All firewood in small sticks not of these dimensions belong to the second class.

ART. 51. All pieces exceeding the maximum dimensions fixed for firewood shall
be designated as timber, paid for by cubic feet, as per official tariff.

ART. 52. 1. Firewood of the first class, destined for home consumption, shall be
charged for at the rate of $1 per thousand "rajas," and when intended for export at
the rate of $2 per thousand "rajas."

2. Firewood of small size belonging to the second class, destined for home con-
sumption, shall be charged for at the rate of 20 cents per cubic meter, and when
intended for export at the rate of 40 cents per cubic meter.

Proportional charge will be made for fractions of a thousand or cubic meter.

CHAPTER V. — Caoutchouc, gum elastic, gutta-percha, gum mastic, rosin (black and white),

and balao.

ART. 53. One year from date of license shall be allowed for the harvesting of this
class of products. When said period of time is not sufficient, a new license shall be
solicited in time to allow its issue before the expiration of the old license.

ART. 54. 1. In extracting these products the concessioner shall make cuttings or
incisions into the trunks of the trees at least 25 centimeters above the ground. The
felling of said trees without permission is absolutely prohibited.

2. These incisions should be made with a very sharp instrument, penetrating the
bark and the first layers of wood.

3. The incisions shall be cut horizontally and 25 centimeters in length.

4. When the flow of the juices is obstructed at the opening, the concessioner will
be permitted to recut the outer edges, and to enlarge the incision or cutting by 25
centimeters, prolonging it upward.

44 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

5. In those trees which have trunks measuring more than 40 centimeters in diam-
eter (approximately lj feet), the concessioner will be permitted to make four
Incisions or cuttings on opposite sides.

6. The width of the cuttings shall never exceed 8 centimeters.

7. A metal or wooden plate may be placed on the lower part of the incision to
facilitate the collection of the juice. A vessel may be placed under the incision at
the foot of the tree.

ART. 55. From the flowering of the tree to the ripening of its fruit, trimming of
the edges of said incisions or any lengthening of the same shall not be permitted.

ART. 56. Said products may be stored in towns, wards, or other places, at the con-
venience of the concessioner, having previously notified the chief forestry official of
the section, or in his absence the nearest local authority, in order that the proper
legal formalities may be followed.

ART. 57. 1. A manifest shall accompany said forest products when transported
from one place to another within the same province. Said manifest shall be made
out by the chief forestry official of the section or locality; in his absence by the pres-
ident or alcalde of the town; or if destined for another province, by the nearest local
commander. If the manifest is made by a president, there shall be stated in it the
class and weight of each class of products to be removed; but if the manifest is made
by the chief forestry official of the section, or in his absence by the nearest local
commander, there shall also be stated the value of each class of said products.

2. The torest official at point of destination of products has the right to verify the
correctness of the manifest or letter of payment which accompanies said products.
If any difference should be found between the amounts shown on said documents,
and the actual amount of cargo, the concessioner shall pay the amount of excess, and
if said excess should be more than the fifth part, shall also incur a fine of twice the
value of said excess.

ART. 58. Concessioners utilizing this class of products shall for the present pay 10
per cent of its value, as per market price in Manila at time of inspection and meas-
urement.

CHAPTER VI. — General provisions.

ART. 59. 1. Licenses to gather or utilize forest products in the state forests shall
be granted by this office.

2. Applications for said licenses must be delivered to the chief forestry official of
the forest district or section, or to the district commander, who shall forward same
to this office with the necessary indorsements of the forestry official of said district.
In the application shall be stated the kinds of forest products desired and the place
where said products are to be gathered.

3. The gathering or utilization of forest products can be done only in the forests
of the province specified in the license. If the concessioner should cut or gather
forest products in the forests of any other province, said products shall be considered
as unlawfully cut.

4. No charge shall be made for licenses nor for the authentication or making out
of manifests.

5. Reserved forests, and the species of trees the cutting of which is forbidden, will
be noted in licenses for the information of the concessioner. The felling of trees of
the superior and first groups, excepting ebony, camuning, and lanete, of a less diam-
eter than 40 centimeters is absolutely prohibited.

6. The felling in the state forests of trees, from which caoutchouc, gutta-percha,
and gum elastic are extracted, is prohibited.

The following is a partial list of names of the above-mentioned tree species:

Agiotin. Tanguisan baguio. Urostigma sp.

Anocep. Tanguisan Bayaba. Artocarpus Camansi.

Antipolo. Tibig. Palaquium sp.

Palacpalac. Dysoxylum. Ficus sp.

Balete. Palaquium. Ficus.

Camansi. Artocarpus incisa Li. Ficus cuneata Mig.

Malaputad. Palaquium latifolia Bl. Ficus heterophylla L.
Tanguisan.

7. The felling in the state forests of the ylang-ylang tree is prohibited.

8. The utilization of forest products not specifically mentioned in these regula-
tions shall be by license, and said utilization shall be governed by special conditions
which may be ascertained upon presentation of application for a license to utilize
said products.

ART. 60. Whosoever cuts or removes timber or other forest products prohibited

REPOKT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 45

by official order, or cuts species the utilization of which is prohibited by special
mention in the license, shall incur a penalty amounting to four times the value of
the products. A copy of these regulations shall accompany each license.

ART. 61. The concessioner must gather said forest product together, and pile it in
the district where cut or gathered, and not where the cutting of timber or other
utilization of forest products is forbidden. For any violation he shall incur a penalty
of four times the value of the product gathered.

ART. 62. 1. The trees to be cut shall be selected and cut down close to the
ground, care being taken that no damage be done in falling to the adjacent trees.
The concessioner shall compactly pile the branches of all trees felled, and place said
branches where the least damage shall be done to the younger growth.

2. Forest products shall be transported as far as possible by routes where there
are few trees, avoiding as far as practicable the destruction of the younger growth.

3. Concessioners shall be held responsible for any damage to the forests through
failure to comply with the above requirements. They shall also be held responsible
for violations of said regulations on the part of their representatives or their
employees.

ART. 63. When the cutting or gathering of forest products has been finished, the
concessioner shall notify in writing the nearest forestry official of the place where
said product is deposited, the classes and amount of the same, and its destination.

He shall also state if he has left any felled timber in the forest; and if so, the
number of trees and the classes.

A forestry official shall verify the "statement" of forest products presented by the
concessioner, examining and measuring the same. He will make out, in duplicate,
the manifest for each shipment, and give one copy of this to the concessioner.

ART. 64. The concessioner shall not load, sell, nor use any forest product which
has not been paid for, unless he has had express authority from the chief of the
forestry bureau and has given a satisfactory guaranty to that official.

ART. 65. 1. A manifest will not be necessary in case the forest product is not to
be removed from the jurisdiction of the town in which the forest is situated.

In this case, after having examined, measured, and valued said product, the
forestry official of the district or section gives to the concessioner or his representa-
tive an order of payment to the internal-revenue office, stating amount to be paid.

2. This having been done, the concessioner or his representative shall deliver the
letter acknowledging payment to the official who made out the order, who shall
acknowledge receipt of same, making a note at the bottom of the page of the official
statement, which he will deliver to the interested party. Having complied with
these conditions, the owner of the forest product can dispose of same as he sees fit.

3. For any violation of these requirements he will be liable to a fine of 25 per
cent of the value of said product.

ART. 66. 1. When the forest product is to be transported by land or by river
from one town to another, within the same province, the carrier must be .provided
with a manifest, signed by the concessioner or his representative and authenticated
by the forestry official residing in the town where the timber or other forest product
was cut or gathered, and in case there should be no such official there, then by the
president or alcalde. Upon the arrival of said product at its destination, it can not
be disposed of until the forms as provided for in the foregoing conditions are com-
plied with.

2. The concessioner shall not remove said product in case it is to be carried by
land or river from one province to another without having first paid its value in the
internal-revenue office of the province in which the forest is situated.

3. The concessioner may remove said product after having the manifest indorsed
by the forestry official to the effect that it has been paid for, and said manifest must
accompany the person in charge of above transportation.

4. Should said product be transported by sea and shipped from one point to
another in the archipelago the payment may, at the option of the concessioner, be
made in the office of internal revenue at the place of origin or destination.

5. In the first case, where payment has been made at place of origin, the conces-
sioner will be governed by section 3, in that the cargo must be accompanied by the
manifest, upon which has been noted the receipt of the letter of payment.

6. In the second instance, he must be provided with the manifest given by the
forestry official or by the president or alcalde of the town of departure; the conces-
sioner being held responsible for any difference which may be found at the inspection
at port of arrival.

7. The person in charge of forest products transported by sea will, within five days
of arrival at port of destination, present the manifest to the nearest forestry official.

46 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

8. Failure to carry out the above requirement will render the party so offending
liable to a discretionary penalty, which shall not exceed $100.

ART. 67. 1. The chief forestry official of the district or section shall, after inspec-
tion, give the order to unload, after the manifest has been presented showing that
said product has been paid for. If this verification of the cargo shows that the
figures agree with the manifest, it shall be delivered to the interested party, noting
on same the said fact.

2. If an excess of cargo should be found and should not exceed 10 per cent of cargo,
payment of full amount of cargo only shall be paid by the concessioner; but if such
excess should be found to be more than 10 per cent, a penalty, as indicated in article
72, shall be paid by the concessioner in addition to full payment on cargo as found
at inspection.

3. If the product has not been paid for, the order of payment shall be given to the
concessioner, made out for the amount as shown on the provisional manifest, and
upon payment of which, as shown by the presentation of the letter of payment, the
order to unload is given, and subsequent proceedings shall conform with that laid
down in the preceding paragraph.

4. If the concessioner should, at the termination of his voyage, dispose of said
product without having first obtained the order to discharge he shall incur a penalty
of 25 per cent of the value of same, in addition to other penalties to which he may
be liable for other violations.

5. In order to move said product after it has been unloaded, the owners or persons
in charge must be provided with a manifest indorsed by the official who inspected at
the time of loading. In no instance shall the order to unload be used in place of the
manifest in order to move the said product.

ART. 68. If payment on said product should be delayed more than one month,
counting from the date of the order of payment, a penalty of 50 per cent of its value
will be incurred.

ART. 69. In case of accidents or of damage to ships, or where the product is "carried
in mail vessels which can not be delayed in port, said product may be unloaded at
once, having previously given a satisfactory bond or cash deposit, fixed in each case
by the chief forestry official of the district.

ART. 70. 1. When a cargo of a forest product is to be exported to China, Australia,
or any other point outside of the archipelago, the concessioner before loading shall
pay into the internal-revenue office a sum equal to $2 for each ton of capacity registered
by the vessel in which the shipment is to be made, as a guarantee of payment of the
value of said product.

2. After the deposit is made loading may begin under a designated forestry official
who will make out the official statement of the product loaded.

3. This having been finished, the ship may begin her voyage, and the concessioner
should repair to the nearest forestry official in order to obtain the order of payment,
and having proven same by presenting the letter of payment an order will be made
out which will enable him to withdraw his deposit and be free from all responsibility
to this bureau for said cargo.

4. In case the manifest is not shown the forest product shall be detained and a
fine of from 1 to 5 per cent of the value of the products imposed.

ART. 71. 1. Presidents or alcaldes of the towns who officially authenticate mani-
fests which contain inaccuracies prejudicial to the state shall incur a fine of not less
than $5.

2. Where a forestry official is unable to act, the president or alcalde of the town
who fails, when called upon by a concessioner, to inspect and measure the wood or
other forest product, either in person or by sending another official belonging to the
municipality, shall incur a fine of not less than $5.

ART. 72. Violations of these regulations as to time and manner of utilizing the pub-
lic forest products, where no damage has been caused, will be punished by a discretion-
ary fine which shall not exceed $100. In case damage has been caused the party so
offending shall be held responsible and pay for same, and shall pay in addition a fine
of from 10 to 25 per cent of said damage, according to the nature of the case.

In cases of grave violations of these regulations by any concessioner or his repre-
sentatives or employees the license may be withdrawn after due notice to the party
in interest.

ART. 73. 1. All cutting or harvesting of the products of the public forests without
license shall be considered fraudulent, and will be punished as follows:

If the products be not timber, and subject to payment, the delinquent will be com-
pelled to pay the value of the same and damages, and also a fine for the first offense
of from 25 to 50 per cent of said value, 50 to 75 per cent for the second offense, and
100 per cent for the third offense, with confiscation and loss of products.

REPOKT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 47

2. If the product is timber, and whether subject to payment or not, the delinquent
shall pay the value of the same and damage, and also a fine of 1 cent for each 10 cubic
decimeters for the first offense, 2 cents per 10 cubic decimeters for the second offense,
and for the third offense 2£ cents per cubic decimeter, with confiscation and loss of
said timber.

ART. 74. Unauthorized clearing of public lands, especially by fire, is absolutely
prohibited. Offenders shall be punished by a fine of $20 per hectare for the ground
so burnt over, and in case of insolvency shall serve a term in prison to correspond to
the time required to liquidate said fine at the rate of $2.50 per day; said term of
imprisonment shall not exceed sixty days. The land unlawfully occupied must be
immediately abandoned, this for the first offense; for the second offense $30 per hec-
tare and the immediate abandonment of the property, and in case of insolvency
imprisonment as above described for a term not to exceed ninety days. For the third
offense, $50 per hectare and immediate abandonment of the property. In case of
insolvency imprisonment as above described not to exceed one hundred and eighty
days. This penalty shall not be increased for subsequent offenses, but if it should be
proven that the burning was done through malice the offender shall be punished
according to the penal code.

ART. 75. 1. Persons owning lands containing trees suitable for lumber, firewood,
or other forest products shall immediately present certified copies of their title deeds
at this office for registration.

2. Forest products taken from private lands whose owners have not complied with
these requirements shall be considered unlawfully taken.

ART. 76. In order that forestry officials may exercise an intelligent supervision
over the utilization of forest products, all said products of land owned by towns
or by private individuals, and which leave the jurisdiction where said lands are situ-
ated, shall be accompanied by a statement, signed by the owner or administrator
of the estate and by the president or alcalde of the town, in which statement shall
be described the number, class, and amount of forest product and the place where
cut or gathered, and shall also show a receipt from the forestry bureau of registra-
tion of title to said land.

Failure to present this statement will render the owner of said forest product liable
to the penalties incurred by parties fraudulently taking forest products from the for-
ests of the state.

ART. 77. The officer in charge of the forestry bureau is charged with the duty of
preparing the blank forms necessary for the enforcement of the foregoing regulations
and distributing the same as the necessities of the service may require.

By command of Major-General MacArthur:

E. H. CROWDER,
Lieutenant- Colonel Thirty-ninth Infantry, U. S. V., Secretary.

FORESTS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

The Philippine Islands lie between 4° 45' and 21° north latitude and
between 116° and 127° east longitude, with an area of 119,542 square
miles. The islands are all mountainous, some of the high peaks having
an altitude close to 9,000 feet above the sea. In many of the islands
the steep mountain slopes begin close to the seacoast, and to the casual
observer the entire area is woodland. It has been estimated that of the
73,000,000 acres in the islands more than 6,000,000 are under cultiva-
tion. (Jordana, 1890.)

We find various estimates for the forest area by former officials.

The official geographic statistics of 1876 fix the forest area at 51,537,243
acres.

Fernando Castro estimated the forest area in 1890 at 48,112,920 acres.
This includes all woodland, private as well as public land.

As one travels over the islands he is constantly struck with the large
population to the square mile and the scarcity of timber close to the
main traveled routes and centers of population. As one leaves the
main traveled routes vast virgin forests are met with, rich in valuable
hard woods, dyewoods, gums, and other products, waiting for the skill
and enterprise of the American capitalist. On the island of Cebu,.

48 REPORT OF FORESTKY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

where we find a population of 290 to the square mile, not a merchant-
able stick of timber is evident, with the exception of a small tract of
forest left in the northern end of this island, which forest must there-
fore be carefully looked after.

The island of Panay, with a population of 150 to the square mile, is
almost denuded of good timber. In Luzon, where the population
averages 78 to the square mile, we find no timber in the vicinitv of
centers of population. As we travel over the only line of railwaj7 in
the islands, from Manila to Dagupan, a distance of 120 miles, we fail
to see a single merchantable stick within several miles of the road.
But there are tracts in various parts of Luzon where much valuable
timber remains. In the northern end of the island, in Cagayan and
Isabela provinces, there are at least 2,000,000 acres of valuable forest
remaining. The entire east coast of Luzon, from the northern end as
far south as Atimonan, comprising several million acres, is practically
a virgin forest. In northwestern Luzon very little merchantable tim-
ber is left, with the exception of the slopes above 3,000 feet, where we
find a species of pine (Pinus insularis) flourishing, all ages mingled
together. The maximum pines seen were close to 4 feet in diameter
and more than 100 feet in height. Here the pine obtains a diameter
of 12 inches in about twenty years. Almost eveiy acre of these north-
western mountains is burnt over each year by the savages, but the
larger pines seem to survive these repeated ~scorchings. Through
central Luzon the timber has been cut away, leaving small tracts of
fairly good forest in a few places. In southern Luzon, in Tayabas
and the Camarines, we find some large tracts fairly well covered with
a variety of valuable tree species.

As we enter the southwestern islands, extending from Mindoro
through to Paragua, we leave the more traveled routes, and find a
sparsely settled region where the virgin forests have been apparently
untouched. In this group you will find upward of 4,000,000 acres of
virgin forest extending from the water's edge to the summits of the
mountains. Some cutting has been done in this region, but it has
amounted to a mere thinning of the edges of the forest. This group
of islands" is celebrated for the great quantity of narra, or Philippine
mahogany, molave, ipil, and calantas (the Philippine cedar). Here we
find valuable hard woods 4 or 5 feet in diameter with magnificent clear
trunks for 80 feet up to the first limb. As a rule we find all over the
islands that the largest trees have not been felled, owing to the lack of
facilities for handling heavy timbers. Very little cleared land is found
in Mindoro. Its reputation as a death trap for white men will change
as a few hundred square miles are cleared of timber and its rich soil
devoted to agriculture. A vigorous thinning of at least 50 per
cent of the present forest growth of Mindoro and Paragua would
make them much more salubrious than at present. The island of
Mindanao, with an area of more than 23,000,000 acres, is almost
entirely covered by forest. The vast majority of the population of
this island is found in coast towns, with the exception of the region in
the north surrounding the Laguna de Lanao, where we find a large
population of Moros. Very little timber has been cut in this island
owing to the scarcity of labor and the distance to market. It would
be safe to estimate at least 10,000,000 acres of virgin forest for this
island alone. The southern part of this island, in the region southeast
of Cotabato, is noted for its gutta-percha, rubber, and other gums.
More than $300,000 was paid at Cotabato for these gums last year,

KEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. . 49

all of which product was shipped to Singapore. There are a number
of rivers in this island sufficiently large for log-driving purposes.

Of the other larger islands we find valuable forests in the islands of
Leyte and Samar. The island of Negros has been cut over rather
thoroughly for a great many years, and it will not be long before it
will be in the same condition as the island of Cebu, if the forests are
not protected. This island (Negros), prior to June, 1901, was under
a separate government with its own forestry service. The forestry
bureau at Manila now has jurisdiction in this island, and will promptly
introduce the forestry officials trained at Manila, enforce there the
forestry regulations, and protect what is left of their forests. We
may safely estimate that there are at least 20,000,000 acres of virgin
forest in these islands, with an average of at least 15,000 feet board
measure of valuable hardwood to the acre.

Up to the present date the Bureau has listed 665 native tree species,
of several hundred of which little more is known than their names.
During the past year about 160 different native woods have entered
the market, the most valuable of which for construction purposes is
molave. Molave, ipil, yacal, and dungon are remarkable for their
durability and strength. The qualities of a few of these woods are
very well known to the natives, and the specifications for the main
timbers in house construction carefully provide that the timbers used
shall be some of these mentioned. In addition to their value in ordi-
nary construction^ they have exceptional qualities when used as paving
blocks. Two of the bridges in Manila were paved with molave blocks
about six years ago have been subjected to the heaviest traffic in the
city, and, apparently, at the present date, not a single block has been
splintered. The cafantas, or Philippine cedar, is almost entirely used
in making cigar boxes. Narra, tindalo, acle, and luan are used
principally as furniture woods. Betis, aranga, and dungon are
generally used as piles, for which there is a great demand in the Manila
market. The other important construction woods are baticulin,
batitinan, amuguis, guijo, apitong, panao, sacat, balacat, malabulac,
and malasantol.

TIMBER USED IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS FROM JULY 1, 1900, TO
APRIL 30, 1901.

There are various sources of supply for the timber market of the
Philippines, namely, public lands of the islands, private woodlands,
and importations from the United States and other foreign countries.
A more detailed statement of the amount of forest products taken
from public lands during this period will be found in the appendix.

Cubic feet.
The total amount of timber taken from public lands for this period is

found to be 1, 875, 405

Timber from private woodlands for the same period 97, 808

Importations by private parties 155, 714

Amount shipped to the Philippines by the Quartermaster's Department

for the use of the government from July 1, 1900, to April 23, 1901 713, 642

The total amount of firewood used is 1, 629, 635

(None but lower grade woods permitted to be used for this purpose.)

A very small total, when we consider the vast forests from which
they are extracted and the great demand for timber in the islands.
Much of this native timber was cut as early as 1896, but not brought

11064—01 4

48 KEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

where we find a population of 290 to the square mile, not a merchant-
able stick of timber is evident, with the exception of a small tract of
forest left in the northern end of this island, which forest must there-
fore be carefully looked after.

The island of Panay, with a population of 150 to the square mile, is
almost denuded of good timber. In Luzon, where the population
averages 78 to the square mile, we find no timber in the vicinity of
centers of population. As we travel over the only line of railwaj7" in
the islands, from Manila to Dagupan, a distance of 120 miles, we fail
to see a single merchantable stick within several miles of the road.
But there are tracts in various parts of Luzon where much valuable
timber remains. In the northern end of the island, in Cagayan'and
Isabela provinces, there are at least 2,000,000 acres of valuable forest
remaining. The entire east coast of Luzon, from the northern end as
far south as Atimonan, comprising several million acres, is practically
a virgin forest. In northwestern Luzon very little merchantable tim-
ber is left, with the exception of the slopes above 3,000 feet, where we
find a species of pine (Pinus insularis) flourishing, all ages mingled
together. The maximum pines seen were close to 4 feet in diameter
and more than 100 feet in height. Here the pine obtains a diameter
of 12 inches in about twenty years. Almost every acre of these north-
western mountains is burnt over each year by the savages, but the
larger pines seem to survive these repeated scorchings. Through
central Luzon the timber has been cut away, leaving small tracts of
fairly good forest in a few places. In southern Luzon, in Tayabas
and the Camarines, we find some large tracts fairly well covered with
a variety of valuable tree species.

As we enter the southwestern islands, extending from Mindoro
through to Paragua, we leave the more traveled routes, and find a
sparsely settled region where the virgin forests have been apparently
untouched. In this group you will find upward of 4,000,000 acres of
virgin forest extending from the water's edge to the summits of the
mountains. Some cutting has been done in this region, but it has
amounted to a mere thinning of the edges of the forest. This group
of islands' is celebrated for the great quantity of narra, or Philippine
mahogany, molave, ipil, and calantas (the Philippine cedar). Here we
find valuable hard woods 4 or 5 feet in diameter with magnificent clear
trunks for 80 feet up to the first limb. As a rule we find all over the
islands that the largest trees have not been felled, owing to the lack of
facilities for handling heavy timbers. Very little cleared land is found
in Mindoro. Its reputation as a death trap for white men will change
as a few hundred square miles are cleared of timber and its rich soil
devoted to agriculture. A vigorous thinning of at least 50 per
cent of the present forest growth of Mindoro and Paragua would
make them much more salubrious than at present. The island of
Mindanao, with an area of more than 23,000,000 acres, is almost
entirely covered by forest. The vast majority of the population of
this island is found in coast towns, with the exception of the region in
the north surrounding the Laguna de Lanao, where we find a large
population of Moros. Very little timber has been cut in this island
owing to the scarcity of labor and the distance to market. It would
be safe to estimate at least 10,000,000 acres of virgin forest for this
island alone. The southern part of this island, in the region southeast
of Cotabato, is noted for its gutta-percha, rubber, and other gums.
More than $300,000 was paid at Cotabato for these gums last year,

EEPOET OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. . 49

all of which product was shipped to Singapore. There are a number
of rivers in this island sufficiently large for log-driving purposes.

Of the other larger islands we find valuable forests in the islands of
Leyte and Saniar. The island of Negros has been cut over rather
thoroughly for a great many years, and it will not be long before it
will be in the same condition as the island of Cebu, if the forests are
not protected. This island (Negros), prior to June, 1901, was under
a separate government with its own forestry service. The forestry
bureau at Manila now has jurisdiction in this island, and will promptly
introduce the forestry officials trained at Manila, enforce there the
forestry regulations, and protect what is left of their forests. We
may safely estimate that there are at least 20,000,000 acres of virgin
forest in these islands, with an average of at least 15,000 feet board
measure of valuable hardwood to the acre.

Up to the present date the Bureau has listed 605 native tree species,
of several hundred of which little more is known than their names.
During the past year about 160 different native woods have entered
the market, the most valuable of which for construction purposes is
molave. Molave, ipil, yacal, and dungon are remarkable for their
durability and strength. The qualities of a few of these woods are
very well known to the natives, and the specifications for the main
timbers in house construction carefully provide that the timbers used
shall be some of these mentioned. In addition to their value in ordi-
nary construction, they have exceptional qualities when used as paving
blocks. Two of the bridges in Manila were paved with molave blocks
about six years ago have been subjected to the heaviest traffic in the
city, and, apparently, at the present date, not a single block has been
splintered. The calantas, or Philippine cedar, is almost entirely used
in making cigar boxes. Narra, tindalo, acle, and luan are used
principally as furniture woods. Betis, aranga, and dungon are
generally used as piles, for which there is a great demand in the Manila
market. The other important construction woods are baticulin,
batitinan, amuguis, guijo, apitong, panao, sacat, balacat, malabulac,
and malasantol.

TIMBER USED IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS FROM JULY 1, 1900, TO
APRIL 30, 1901.

There are various sources of supply for the timber market of the
Philippines, namely, public lands of the islands, private woodlands,
and importations from the United States and other foreign countries.
A more detailed statement of the amount of forest products taken
from public; lands during this period will be found in the appendix.

Cubic feet.
The total amount of timber taken from public lands for this period is

found to be 1, 875, 405

Timber from private woodlands for the same period 97, 808

Importations by private parties 155, 714

Amount shipped to the Philippines by the Quartermaster's Department

for the use of the government from July 1, 1900, to April 23, 1901 713, 642

The total amount of firewood used is 1, 629, 635

(None but lower grade woods permitted to be used for this purpose.)

A very small total, when we consider the vast forests from which
they are extracted and the great demand for timber in the islands.
Much of this native timber was cut as early as 1896, but not brought

11064—01 4

50 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

to market on account of the revolution. It was only during the past
year that the timber cut since 1896 could be brought to market. Up
to the present time it has been impossible to cut enough timber for the
actual necessities, forcing the government to send to America for the
timber needed for storehouses for the troops, for bridges, and other
public works. The amount of timber per capita used in these islands
is less than 1 per cent of the corresponding amount used in the United
States. The total amount used, including importations, is much less
than the annual growth of forest in the province of Cagayan alone,
and when we consider that the logging parties are small and are cutting
in over 40 different provinces and islands, not much danger is to be
apprehended that any loss of our present capital will result.

At least 50 per cent of the timber cut on public lands has been used
by the government in the construction of its many barracks, store-
houses, bridges, and other public works. Native property owners
throughout the islands have been unable to rebuild their homes, find-
ing it impossible to get material. When peace prevails in the islands
more men will be employed in the forests, and it will take three or four
years for the native and other residents of the islands to cut only such
timber as is absolutely necessary for construction. The engineers and
builders in Hongkong and other ports of the Orient prefer the Philip-
pine timber to that of the other islands of the East Indies, but have
been unable to secure any cargoes lately, owing to the scarcity of sup-
ply and great local demand, and in response to an inquiry from them
as to when they could secure some of this timber, I replied that it
would not be possible to obtain any within three years, unless they paid
a price far higher than that they wish to give at the present time. It
is also to be noted that no native wood has been exported since the
organization of the present bureau. For the next four months a
decreased output of timber will be noted, due to the fact that the south-
west monsoon and the typhoon season is on and transportation by sea
somewhat uncertain. The rains have commenced and will stop loggers
in some parts of the islands.

PRIVATE WOODLANDS.

The forestry regulations provide that owners of woodlands may cut
and market their timber after registration of titles to these lands in
the central office at Manila. A printed form is then issued to the
owner of the land stating that this registration has been made; his
title is returned, and on it also is noted the fact of registration. He
is also informed that this registration is no guaranty of title.

Parties cutting timber on their own woodland without having regis-
tered their titles are obliged to pay the government valuation on the
timber in addition to a fine. All land is considered public land until
a title is shown — a title which has formerly been registered in some
register of property as provided by Spanish law. Sevent}r-four tracts
of woodland have been registered up to date, aggregating a total area
of about 125,000 acres; more than 120,000 acres of mis total are found
in the island of Luzon.

In February last the nationalities of owners of 68 woodland tracts
were as follows:

Spanish , 7

German 5

English 1

Filipino 55

REPOKT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 51

Aier announcement of the passage of what was known as the Spooner
ameilment, quite a number of titles were presented and six only were
foun- eligible for registration.

Upto the present date titles to woodlands owned by religious orders
have ot been presented for registration. It is believed that the aggre-
gate <f these holdings by the religious orders will not exceed 400,000
acres. It is believed that the total holdings of woodland by private
partie will not exceed 1,000,000 acres. These private holders have
showra disposition to retain their properties and utilize them for their
own ue. The native especially shows a -disposition to cling to his
land, ad is averse to selling, although a high price is occasionally
ofl'erecto him.

Froi July 1, 1900, to April 30, 1901, the following utilizations of
forest roducts on private woodland have been noted:

Timber cubic feet. . 97, 808

Firewoo „ cubic meters. . 19, 034

Charcoa do 4, 556

Eacbshipment of forest products from private woodlands must be
accoinjmied by a certificate of the president of the nearest town that
this prduct was taken from such a party's private land. The regula-
tions rferring to private woodlands are as follows:

ART. 7, Persons owning lands containing trees suitable for lumber, firewood, or
other foist products, shall immediately present certified copies of their title deeds
at this olce for registration.

2. For«t products taken from private lands whose owners have not complied with
these reqirements shall be considered unlawfully taken.

ART. 7i In order that forestry officials may exercise an intelligent supervision
over the tilization of forest products, all said products of lands owned by towns or
by privai individuals, and which leave the jurisdiction where said lands are situated,
shall be Accompanied by a statement signed by the owner or administrator of the
e-tate art by the president or alcalde of the town, in which statement shall be
describetthe number, class, and amount of forest product and the place where cut or
gatheredand shall also show a receipt from the forestry bureau of registration of
said title o said land.

Failurtto present this statement will render the owner of said forest product liable
to the pnalties incurred by parties fraudulently taking forest products from the
forests othe state.

PRICES OF NATIVE TIMBER.

Morethan 90 per cent of the native timber is used for construction
purpose.

The pee of timber in the log at the end of the first haul varies
from 30to 70 cents (Mexican) per cubic foot. Transportation to the
Manila narket is from 40 to 50 cents (Mexican) per cubic foot where
parties o not use their own boats. The prices of the superior or first-
group w>ods is very uncertain, varying from $1.50 to more than $2.50
(Mexica) per cubic foot. When special sizes in the higher grade
timbers ire required, as much as $5 and $6 have been paid per cubic
foot: thi for timbers to be used in house construction.

The fhest hard woods for furniture (narra, tindalo, acle, camagon,
lauan) cs\ often be purchased at a smaller price than is paid for a few
special urieties of native woods that are of particular value (molave,
ipil. yacd, betis) in house construction.

Underthe Spanish administration the price of timber at the end of
the first .aul was about 20 cents (Mexican) and much was laid down
in Manih for 50 cents (Mexican) per cubic foot, and even less.

The gcvermnent price on its timber, as per forestry regulations,

52

EEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

must be paid before the timber leaves for the market. This mo£y is
paid into the nearest internal-revenue office.

The government valuation of its timber and firewood has beenplose
to 5 per cent of the current market price. The government valntion
of other forest products has been uniformly 10 per cent of the c^rent
market price.

The demand for timber for house construction is strong aw. will
continue as peace is restored and people return to their homean the
provinces and commence rebuilding.

The China market for Philippine woods is very good, but it nil be
some years before the people in the ports of the Orient will be Hlling
to pay the prices current in the market in Manila.

The demand for certain of our fine hard woods by furnitre and
cabinet makers in the United States will arise as soon as thesdwoods
become known. We have a number of varieties of fine harJ woods
which should appeal to these furniture makers.

In the course of a year or two, when American appliances dd skill
are at work in the forests, we should be able to place cargoes c these
varieties on board ship for not more than $1 (Mexican) per CUMC foot.
Transportation to the United States costs between $',) and $p gold
per 1,000 B. M. Almost any lengths can be obtained and dijmeters
up to 5 and 6 feet. During Spanish times the large trees Wre left

untouched owing to the lack of facilities for handling them
sionally a tree t> or 7 feet in diameter would be felled and

Occa-
ne slab

taken from it, from which to make a table. Many of these fie table
tops can be seen throughout the islands, some of them moi

than 7

)ic foot

laid down at tide water or on railroad. There are four sawmili in the

namen
ring to

feet in diameter.

Ordinarily the native loggers are paid at a fixed price per ci

city of Manila and hundreds of carpenter shops where the C
rip out boards by hand and make a fair profit. Parties de
purchase a few hard- wood boards to make a little rough furniire will
often pay from 25 to 50 cents (Mexican) per running foot for tie same.

CAN THE FORESTS OF THE PHILIPPINES BE DEVASTATE]

Not if a proper number of trained officials are provided ind the
present forestry regulations are enforced.

The following safeguards against forest devastation in thefPhilip-
pines are worthy of consideration :

First. The physical obstacles.

Second. The forest regulations.

Third. Supervision of forestry officials.

Fourth. Local demand for but few of the many hundr^l native
woods.

The physical obstacles will not
observation on the ground. The

)reciated without a fev

real difficulties appeal

the work in the field has commenced and apparently all con
provided for.

To begin with, there are no roads into the best forest t

rivers are full of snags and impediments to their use as driveways
Road construction in the jungle is difficult, expensive, and \

Many of the most valuable woods will not float, thus nee

nonths'
ly after
agencies

cts; the

zardous.
sitating

REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 53

the fce of bamboo rafts, or placing alternate logs of light specific
gravty between heavy ones.

Oithe logging road the only animal available for transportation in
thesdslands is the carabao, an animal of but moderate strength who
readiy succumbs to overwork or disease. A plague of rinderpest has
carrid off thousands of these animals during the past two years, leav-
ing mny communities in a most helpless condition.

Thre are no appliances in the island suitable for handling large and
heav}logs, and if such appliances should be secured, skilled white
labor nust be employed until the native can be properly trained to
their se.

May of the natives are good workmen, quick and clever, and in
time ^ill be able to do much of the skilled work that for the next few
years nust be done by white men. The great mass of the natives,
especidly those living near large forest tracts, seem disinclined to con-
stant rid heavy labor and can not be depended upon to remain any
lengthof time at their work. Much depends on the kind of treatment
receivd from the employer; the wage paid does not seem of as much
imporance to the natives as consideration for their whims. The aver-
age lalorer while in the woods can be counted on to cut and square
from ito 8 cubic feet a day.

It wll take a couple of years to make even a few good roads and
improve the driveways, install appliances for handling large logs and
teach tie natives how to use them, and then if the native is found will-
ing to vork, lumber companies might be able to get out what they
consider a paying quantity of timber.

Thei when they are ready 'to extract this timber, the regulations
throw iround them many restrictions which will prevent any wholesale
devastition.

The greatest safeguard is found in that article of the regulations
which provides that the felling of any tree species of the superior or
first g:oup (35 leading woods) of less diameter than 40 centimeters
(15f irches) is absolutely prohibited. Regulations provide that the
timberto be felled be first selected; provide also that only certain of
the lov-grade woods can be cut by those holding gratuitous licenses
and those cutting firewood for the market.

Regulations prohibit the felling of the gutta-percha, rubber, and
other ;rees producing valuable gums. They also provide that when
the tress are felled and piled notice must be sent to the nearest forestry
official which official shall measure, appraise, and see that the govern-
ment valuation is paid on this timber before it is removed.

Whei this timber reaches the market it is again inspected by an
official who. carefully revises the classification of the first official, meas-
ures each log a second time, and sees that the government is paid its
full value for its timber. Each log receives a bureau stamp as soon as
it leaves the forest.

The forestry official is strictly charged to supervise the work of the
logger to see that only the proper trees are felled and that the timber
is so hauled through the forest as to cause the least damage to the
3^ounger growth. He reports at once any violation of the forestry
regalations.

The regulations provide the forestry officials with the power to fine,
and to stop the movement of forest products to the market, if any of
its provisions are violated.

54 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
RECOMMENDATIONS.

Two great obstacles are encountered in providing for a forestry erv-
ice of these islands, namely, a lack of properly trained officials ftnd,
second, a great variety of unknown tree species.

The United States this year inaugurates the scientific exploitatjm of
50,000,000 acres of public forest land. The few foresters now ji the
States will be offered inducements to enter that service.

Fifty trained foresters would find ample work in the Philippirt for-
ests at the present time, but it is doubtful if appeals to the foestry
service in Germany, India, and Java would result in securing alf a
dozen men. The great objection offered by these men, as I have tated
before, will be that no provision is made for retirement for disbility
or for age. Life in the Tropics, and especially in a tropical foisst, is
not without considerable danger, and a foreigner can hardly be ex ected
to leave the forestry service in his own country to go to strang< lands
where pernicious malaria or dysentery may incapacitate him w:hin a
few months after his arrival.

These forests can be properly cared for as soon as trained fojesters
are provided.

It is believed that a personal visit to Germany, India, and Jva by
some one interested in this service, and with authority to employ Jwould
result in securing a few men.

The next difficulty will be found in finding a market for the
hundred varieties of native woods found within a comparative!

everal
small

area in almost any part of these islands.

The first step "in this direction is now being made. One hundred
varieties of native woods have been selected, polished, and labelid, and
shipped to the United States, where they are to be placed on exhibition
at the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, and later to be permaiently
placed in the Agricultural Department at Washington. The exhibi-
tion of these hard woods will interest our furniture makers, aijd may
tend to divert buyers from Central and South America to the Philip-
pines. A vast amount of hard wood is imported into the UnitedStates
each year at a high price. There is no reason why many of the Philip-
pine varieties of fine quality should not find a ready market with the
furniture makers.

Many fine varieties of native woods are not popular in the Philip-
pines on account of their nonresistance to the white ant and climate,
which objections would not be met with in the United States.

The regulations provide for the felling of all trees by selection.
Objections will be made by the lumbermen that there is no marketfor the
400 or 500 varieties of tree species thus selected. The duty of and ing
a market for such varieties thus devolves upon the forestry bureau.
There are at present samples of more than 450 varieties of natire tree
species in the office at Manila. Each month will find more varieties
added to this number, and in time, after investigation of the qualitv of
these woods as to strength and durability, more varieties will become
popular in the market.

The forestry school should be inaugurated as soon as possible at
Manila for the purpose of training the present forestry officials.
Very respectfully,

GEORGE P. AHERN,
Captain Ninth U. S. Infantry, in Charge of Bureau.

The SECRETARY OF WAR.

REPOET OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

55

Statement of utilization of forest products from public lands, Philippine Islands, from July
1, 1900, to April 30, 1901.

Month and year.

Timber.

Firewood.

Charcoal.

Group first. Group second.

1900.
July
August
September
October

Cubic feet.
90,793 57,808.18
82,041 5.323.78
103, 608 7, 693. 19
186, 758 10, 658. 39
180,341 9.970.99
218,345 12,470.99

Jf.

176,500
333,880
277,940
447,580
297,600
369,680

Cu. met.
8176.50 1,914.00
333.88 1,269.45
277.94 3,175.15
447.58 3,291.80
297.60 3,720.40
369.68 3,644.75

8282.80
253.89
635.03
658.36
744.08
728.95

Cu. met.

186.00
361. 75
213.50
95.25

$74.40
144. 70
85.40
38.10

November

Total

1901.
January
February
March '

861,886 53.925.52

1,903,180

1,903.18 17,015.55

3,403.11

856.50

342.60

231,493 14,706.85
218,100 12,268.20
280,406 21.299.62
283,520 26,753.05

532, 430
422,690
586,000
454,120

532.43 2,432.35
422.69 2,427.40
586.00 3,501.60
454. 12 3, 000. 60

486.47
485.48
700. 32
600.12

74.25
93.25
143.75
181.25

29.70
37.30
57.50
72.50

April

Total

1,013,519 75,027.72
1,875,405 128,953.24

1,995,240

1,995.24 11,361.95

2,272.39
5,675.50

492. 50
1,349.00

197.00
539.60

Grand total .

3,898,420

3,898.42 28,377.50

Month and year.

Gum mas-
tic.

Rubber.

Vegetable
oil.

Bark.

Dyewood.

Fines.

Total.

1900.
Julv

824 60

830 00

188 422 08

August

8.10

85.15

80.50

65.00

5,990.30

September
October

887.90

19.16
29 36

10.90
22 10

20.80
23.40

92.57
208 42

8,911.89
12 192.31

November

351.52

35.24

80.80

46.20

108.87

113. 21

11,753.91

December

810.80

31.99

18.00

4.88

214.77

766.87

15,455.03

Total

1,2.50.22

148. 45

18.80

89.23

368.34

1,276.07

62, 725. 52

1901.

1 60

63 80

1 06

15 00

482 74

16 319 65

February
March

April

1,462.53
215.04
836 15

280.95
311. 73
163 90

23.72

2.50

45.65
32.77
72 05

181. 12
344.85
384 41

15,210.14
23,547.83
'>9 336 30

Total

2, 515. 32

820.38

23.72

3.56

165.47

1,393.12

84,413.92

Grand total..
May

3,765.54

968.83

42. 52

92.79

533.81

2,669.19

147,139.44
26, 799. 06

25 434 61

Total i :

199,373.11

Statistics of sums collected on forest products from public lands, Philippine Islands, July to
December, 1900.

Province.

Timber.

Firewood.

Charcoal.

Rubber.

Bark.

81 56

Albav

8887 81

Bataan

1 009 58

950 81

764 73

109 64

810 00

80.75

3 439 67

385 72

Cagavan

8,008 90

20.30

Camarines North

1 187 89

50 70

3 408 14

7 47

Capiz

112 77

Catanduanes ...

334 40

Cavite

35 18

88 21

.90

Cebu

40 83

1 00

215 35

6 00

Davao . . .

24.10

Iloilo

1 509 20

301 07

73 00

1 078 93

4 50

Jolo

19.32

Laguna . .

29 93

4.72

Levte

407 21

80 45

Manila ...

169.38

31.80

56 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

Statistics of sums collected on forest products from public lands, etc. — Continued.

Province.

Timber.

Firewood.

Charcoal.

Rubber.

Bark.

$41.30

Masbate

$3 162 58

420.40

$24.07

Mindoro

760 16

62 00

1 60

$4 40

254.45

208. 70

1 154.32

158.49

2 457 56

63

1 88

7, 540. 09

1,636.69

$313. 10

8.30

1 113.88

159. 10

1 798 12

5 50

3 40

Samar

414.00

1, 922. 62

181.60

128 47

15 80

Tarlac

6, 779. 17

73.60

11.00

1,900.99

112.92

85.28

1 992 66

70 88

18 50

1 96

Total

53, 925. 52

5,306.29

342.60

148. 45

89.23

Province.

Dyewood.

Gum

mastic.

Vegetable
oil.

Fines.

Total.

$1 56

Albay

887.81

Bataan

$22 19

1 982 58

Batangas

844.20

12.90

942. 22

Bulacan

44 43

3 869 82

160 32

8 189 52

Camarines North

3.03

1,241.62

Camarines South

$19.60

3 435 21

Capiz

16 14

128 91

Catanduanes

334.40

Cavite

3 92

128 21

Cebu

18 75

60 58

Cotabato

221.35

Davao

1 217 62

1 241 72

Iloilo

304 39

5 14

2 192 80

Isabela de Basilan

1,083.43

Jolo

19 32

Laguna

1.18

35.83

Leyte...

.50

32.56

520.72

Manila

129 11

330 29

Marinduque

41.30

Masbate

24.34

3 631.39

Mindoro

50

1 07

829 73

Morong

32.10

495. 25

Nueva Ecija

26 01

1 338 82

Negros

$18 80

14 82

2 493 69

Pampanga

318. 58

9,816.76

Pangasinan

70 34

1 343 32

13 00

38 51

1 858 53

414 00

Sorsogon

105 83

2 210 05

5 69

149 96

Tarlac

103. 72

6, 967. 49

Tayabas •

60 11

2 159 30

Zambales

44.03

2, 126. 07

Zamboanga

1.96

Total

368 34

1 250 22

18 80

1 276 07

6° 7''5 5''

Sum paid the government of Negros for
timber

976 42

Total (Mexican) ...

61, 749. 10

Native woods brought to market in the Philippine Islands from July 1 to December 31, 1900.

Names of timber.

Cubic
feet.

Names of timber.

Cubic
feet.

Superior group

113 479

Calantas (28,457 cubic feet).
Camagon.
Dungon.
Ypil.
Yacal.
Molave (28,709 cubic feet).
Narra (28,149 cubic feet).

Teca.
Tindalo.
First group
Acle.
Anubing.
Bansalaguin.
Baticuling (5,624 cubic feet).

20,427

REPOKT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 57
Native u-oods brought to market in the Philippine Islands, etc. — Continued.

Names of timber.

Cubic
feet.

Names of timber.

Cubic
feet.

First group — Continued.
Batitinan (4,877 cubic feet).
Bavuco.
Betis (4,551 cubic feet).

Third group— Continued.
Laco-laco.
Lauan (101,625 cubic feet).
Lumbang. .

Calauiansanav.

Luyusin.

Cubi.

Magtalisay.

Lanete amuguis (19,788 cubic feet).
Second group

148,142

Malaanang.
Malacbac.

Aranga.

Malac-malac.

Banaba.

Maladuron.

Bancal.

Malagao-gao.

Banuyo.

Malapalicpic-hito.

Bildo.

Malasapit.

Dungonlate.

Malasapsap.

Guijo (73,041 cubic feet).

Malatafang.

Lanutan.
Macaasin.

Malatumbaga.
Mambog.

Malacadios.

Manicnic.

Malacatmon.

Maobo.

Malaruhat.

Mavapis.

Mangachapuy.

Miao.

Mangasinoro.

Odling.

Nato.

Pagatpat.

Pasac.

Palacpalac.

Sop*.

Palosapis.

Tangile.
Tucan-calao.

Palumbuyen.
Pamantulin.

Third group

Abilo.

367,867

Pamisalen.
Panao (30,174 cubic feet).

Aclengparang.

Panalalian.

Agiotin.
Ajosajos.
Alintatao.

Paraya.
Putian.
Sacat (28,333 cubic feet).

Almaciga.
Almon.

Salipapa.
Sambulanan.

Alupay.

Tacaran.

Amugan.

Tagonton.

Anagap.

Tambabas.

Anatan.

Tamug.

Anocep.

Toog.

Anubiong.

Unip.

Anubling.

Fourth group

203, 921

Aninapla.

Anam.

Anunang.

Anilao.

Antipolo.
Apalang.
Apitong (59,333 cubic feet),

Bagosantol.
Balacat (36,180 cubic feet).
Balaybayan.

Apupuyot.

Balibago.

Ata-ata.

Balucot.

Bagaluga.

Baluan.

Baguilumboy.

Banalo.

Balavon.
Balete.

Bilucao.

Balinhasav.

Binavuyo.

Balobo.

Bocboc.

Banate.

Bogo.

Batete.

Calumpang.

Bayoc.
Bavucan.

Dapdap.
Himbabao.

Binaluan.

Ligaa.

Binuang.

Malabago.

Bitoc.
Bitanhol.

Malabulac (20,574 cubic feet).
Malabunga.

Bulao.

Malapapaya.

Bunglas.

Malasamat.

Malasantol (64,694 cubic feet).

Cabaoy.

Malatubig.

Calumangog.
Calungatmgan.

Pingol.
Putab.

Calumpit.

Salab.

Cupang.
Dalbing.

Tanag.
Uban.

Dalinsi.

Fifth group -. ..........

8,050

Dao.

Bacao (7,751 cubic feet).

Ditaa.

Bacauan.

Gatasan.

Libato puti.

Guyoiig-guyong.
Hatrad-had.

Total

861,886

Hinlalaong.

58 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

Xntire u-oods brought to imtrkd In the Philippine Islands, etc.— Continued.

RECAPITULATION.

Varieties.

Cubic
feet.

Value.

9

113,479

$15, 887. 06

10

20,427

2, 042. 70

20

148, 142

11 K51 36

91

367 867

11 036 01

30

203, 921

4, 078. 42

3

8,050

80 50

Total . . .

163

861,886

44,976.05

Increased charges, result of second inspection $8, 949. 47

Amount by timber 53, 925. 5-j

Firewood 5.30ti.2'.»

Charcoal 342.60

Rubber 148.45

Bark 89.23

Dyewood 368.34

Gum mastic 1, 250. 22

Vegetable oil 18.80

Fines 1,276.07

General total 62,725.52

Sum refunded the government of Negros for timber 976. 42

Total 61, 749. 10

Statement of licenses issued from July 1, 1900, to May 14, 1901.

Station of for-
estry official.

Province.

Timber.

Fire-
wood.

Rubber.

Dye-
wood.

Gratui-
tous.

Amount.

Aparri

36

7

3

1

47

yan.
Abra

1

1

Isabela

2

2

Laoag

Ilocos, North
Ilocos, South

2
1

1

3
1

4

2

6

Bagnio

Benguet

6

2

3

11

6

8

1

15

Lubig

Zambales

26

12

2

3

43

Neuva Ecija

15
2

1

2

18
2

Tarlac

31

1

6

44

Angeles
San Fernando

Ipampanga

37

li

48

Calumpit

Bulacan

17

3

20

Orani

Bataan

29

31

60

Malabon

JManila

g

6

1

15

Manila

Morong

12

11

23

Laguna < . . .

6

4

10

Cavite

1

3

4

Batangas . . .

Batangas

3

2

5

24

19

10

53

Camarines , North .

4

1

5

Pasacao

Camarines, South

5

3

1

9

Legaspi

Albay

5

2

1

8

Sorsogon

4

3

7

Lubany and Marinduque

3

3

(islands).
Romblon, Sibuyan, and
Tablas (islands).
Burias (islands)

5
1

2
1

2
1

9
3

Ticas (island)
Masbate (island)

2
13

2
7

1
3

1

6
23

Iloilo

10

6

28

maras.
Capiz Panay

1

1

2

Concepcion, Panay, and

1

1

1

3

Pan de Alucan.

REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

59

Statement of licenses issued front July 1, 1900, to May 14, 1901— Continued.

Station of for-
estry official.

Province.

Timber.

Fire-
wood.

Rubber.

Dye-

wood.

Gratui-
tous.

Amount.

Cebu

Cebu and (islands) Ca-

1

1

motes.
Levte, Maripipi, Caman-

9

1

.

10

day, and Biliran.

4

1

5

Zamboanga, Mindanao
Surigao, Mindanao, Bucas,

3
1

3

3

1

10
1

and Dinagat.
Matti Alindanao

2

2

2

2

g

Davao, Mindanao

2

3

5

3

3

Total amount.

348

169

32

10

21

580

Statement of private woodlands registered in the Philippine Islands as per article 75, forestry
regulations, Manila, Philippine Islands, May 14, 1901.

Provinces.

Number
of regu-
lation.

Hec-
tareas.

Areas.

Centi.

Rombloii (Sibuyan. 150 haetareas 91 areas 50 centi; Tablas,

2

649

50

Tarlac

19

14,248

32

45

Pampanga .. .

41

1,908

56

97

300

Mindoro

916

98

Isabela de Luzon .

13,150

51

23

Bataan

2

79

50

Pangasinan

6,104

Nueva Ecija-

12,463
195

80
71

62

M9,898

65

25

1123, 475 acres.

In February the nationalities of owners of 68 woodland tracts registered were as follows: Spanish, 7;
German. 5; English, 1; Filipino, 55.

After announcement of passage of Spooner amendment quite a number of titles were presented
and 6 were found eligible for registration.

Land of religious orders not yet presented for registration.

NOTES ON GEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION IN THE PHILIPPINES.

Philippine Islands: Magellan landed in Cebu 1521; Manila occupied 1565 by Sal-
cedo. Latitude, 4° 45' north to 21° north; longitude, 116° east to 127° east. Charts
show 948 to 1,725 islands. Areas given by Philippine Commission, 119,542 square
miles.

Acres.

1874— Vidal— Area— Map— Coella 71, 989, 385

Map, Hydrographic Office '. 73, 345, 415

Per annual statement 73, 009, 495

GEOGRAPHIC STATISTICS.

Acres.

1876— Area 69, 756, 245

City property 432, 625

Cultivated land 5, 632, 641

Uncultivated land 12, 153, 746

Forest land 51, 537, 243

1890— Jordana, area approximated 69, 160, 000

Area cultivated land 6, 175, 000

1890— Fernando Castro, forest area 48, 112, 920

Land occupied by Moros and independent tribes 24, 700, 000

60

REPOET OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

Geographic statistics — Continued .

•

Square
miles.

Popula-
tion.

Popula-
tion per
square
mile.

Luzon

47,238
36,237
Si 040
4,854
4,708
3,972
3,937
2,713
l|742
1,439
1,290
680

3,676,000

78

200,753
391,777
734,889
1 172, 711
250,000
270,491
504,000
248,000
319,517
35,633

40
80
156

Mindoro

15
100
290
172
14
52

Leyte

Cebu

Bohol

Masbate

1 Includes Marinduque, Lubang, and Ilin.
2 Not including north Paragua.

'Includes Ticao, 940 square mil

Islands between 100 and 4,500 square miles 13

Smaller islands mentioned 58

Population as given by commission 8, 000, 000

Population per square mile 67

State of Montana, rich in agricultural, mining, and timber land, shows by last census
population of 1J per square mile. Philippine Islands have a population per square
mile forty-five times greater than that of Montana.

o

NO. 17. PINUS INSULARIS, PROVINCE OF BENGUET.
Tree 45 inches in diameter.

NO. 18. PINUS INSULARIS, PROVINCE OF BENGUET.
Tree 45 inches in diameter. Near view of No. 17.

M

2 2

NO. 25. PROVINCE OF TARLAC, LUZON.

O»l PABIB RIV^R, ABOX^ «1A*IILA.

NO. 27. VIEW OF PASIG RIVER.

NO. 29. MANGO TREE, NEAR MANILA.

. •

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