— m s'BS'fenTWj REFERENCES ON lANAGEMENT OF WHITE-TAILED DEER 1910 to 1966 TOFT5 • ARY _ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE Special Scientific Report-- Wildlife No. 112 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Stewart L. Udall, Secretary Stanley A. Cain, Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, Clarence F. Pautzke, Commissioner BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, John S. Gottschalk, Director SELECTED REFERENCES ON MANAGEMENT OF WHITE-TAILED DEER 1910 to 1966 By N. W. Hosley, Professor of Forestry Southern Illinois University, Carbondale Special Scientific Report — Wildlife No. 112 Washington, D.C. January 1968 For sale hy the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office Washington. B.C., 20402 - Price 30 cents PREFACE This bibliography was compiled to partially update and include references previously cited (Hosley , N. W. , 1956, "Management of the White-tailed Deer in Its Environment," pages 187-259 of "The Deer of North America", edited by Walter P. Taylor and published by the Stackpole Company, Harrisburg, and the Wildlife Management Institute, Washing- ton, 668 pages). That chapter was completed in 1950. Ex- cluded from this revision are general accounts with no apparent, new contribution to management, regional popula- tion data, annual kill reports, articles on diseases and parasites, taxonomic and physiologic studies, and mimeo- graphed material not easily obtainable. Most of the main forestry and wildlife periodicals and the indexing publica- tions such as Biological Abstracts, Wildlife Review, and Dissertation Abstracts are covered. Abbreviations used follow, in general, those approved for the Journal of Wild- life Management. CONTENTS Page General 1 Regional studies 4 Historical studies 12 Movements 13 Food habits 14 Food production 17 Nutrition 23 Competition for food 27 Forage surveys 28 Damage and prevention 30 Cover type use 34 Predation 36 Hunting and population control 37 Population dynamics 40 Census 43 Miscellaneous 46 GENERAL Barick, Frank B. 1952. Deer trapping coordinated with weather. Wildl. in North Carolina 16(10) : 10-11 . Blair, Robert M., James A. Hays, and Louis Brunett. 1963. Stream-cross- ing structure for deer fence. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 27 (1) : 129-132. Bromley, A. W., and C. W. Severinghaus . 1957. Live-trapping white-tail deer. New York State Conserv. 11(2) :4-5. Burnham, John B. 1947. The deer problem reviewed. Pennsylvania Game News 18(9): 14,30. Chapman, Floyd Barton. 1938. The development and utilization of the wildlife resources of unglaciated Ohio. Ph.D. Thesis. Ohio State University, Columbus, pp. 434-531. Cheatum, E. L. 1956. Too many deer? New York State Conservationist, Albany. 10 (6): 2-4. Cook, David B. 1945. Deer trouble. Audubon Magazine 47 (2): 74-79. Cowan, Ian McTaggart. undated. Plant succession and wildlife manage- ment. University of British Columbia, Vancouver. 6 pp. Mimeo. Crockford, Jack A., Frank A. Hayes, James H. Jenkins, and Seldon D. Feurt. 1957. Field application of nicotine salicylate for cap- turing deer. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Gonf. 22:579-583. Darrow, R. W. 1950. What's happening to our deer range? New York State Conservationist 5 (3): 6-8. DeGarmo, W. R. 1941. A study in forest wildlife relationships. Mas- ter's Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg. 160 pp. Engle, James W., Jr. 1951. Problems of deer herd management. Virginia Wildl. 12(5):22-24. Feeney, W. S., and Burton L. Dahlberg. 1948. Deer management research. P.-R. Quarterly 8(3) :350-351. Flyger, V. G. 1958. Tooth impressions as an aid in the determination of age of deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 22(4) :442-443. Gill, John D., and David C. O'Meara. 1965. Estimating time of death in white-tailed deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 29(3) :471-486. Glazener, W. C. 1949. Operation deer traps. Texas Game and Fish, Austin. 7(10) :6-7, 17, 26. Gould, Walter P. 1962. Recent forest management trends — possible effects on wildlife management. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. and National Resources Conf. 27:368-376. Grasse, James E. 1949. The 1949 white-tail transplant. Wyoming Wildl. 15(7):25-28. Halls, L. K., C. E. Boyd, D. W. Lay, and P. D. Goodrum. 1965. Deer fence construction and costs. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 29(4) : 885-888. Haugen, Arnold 0. 1954. Sportsman; Save that deer. Alabama Conser- vation 26 (3): 14-16. Haugen, Arnold 0., and Daniel W. Speake. 1958. Determining age of young fawn white-tailed deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 22(3) : 319-321 . Hunter, Gilbert N. 1952. Application of practical big-game management techniques. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 17:437-447. Janzen, D. H. 1962. Wildlife and the forest environment. J. of For- estry 60:6-9. Jensen, Dale. 1961. Deer trapping and tagging. Idaho Wildl. Review 14(1) :8-9. Keener, J. M. 1952. The need for deer range management. Wisconsin Conserv. Bull. 17:7-10. Keener, John. 1961. How many deer? Wisconsin Conserv. Bull. 26(3): 17-19. Knowlton, F. F., E. D. Michael, and W. C. Glazener. 1964. A marking technique for field recognition of individual turkeys and deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 29(1) : 167-170. Krefting, Laurits W. 1951. Construction of the Lake States deer ex- closure. U. S. Forest Service, Lake States Forest Exp. Sta. Tech. Note 361. 2pp. Krefting, Laurits W. (Chmn) . 1964. Research for deer management in the Great Lakes Region. Research Program Analysis Committee, the Great Lakes Deer Group. 72pp. Mimeo. Leopold, Aldo. 1933. Game management. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. 481pp. Linduska, J. P. 1953. White-tail dilemma. Hunting and Fishing 30 (10):18-19, 31-35. Madson, John. 1961. The white-tailed deer. Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp., E. Alton, Illinois. 107pp. May, Morton. 1958. Bibliography on deer-range relationships. Wyoming Range Mgmt. No. 115. 5pp. Mimeo. McBeath, Donald Y. 1941. Whitetail traps and tags. Michigan Conserv. 10(11) :6-7, 11; 10(12) :6-7. McDowell, Robert D. 1950. Do you know? The facts about white-tailed deer. Pennsylvania Game News, Spec, issue No. 1. pp. 41-50. McGinnes , Burd S., and Thomas Ripley. 1962. Evaluation of wildlife response to forest - wildlife management - a preliminary report. Proceedings Society of Am. Foresters, pp. 167-171. McLain, Paul D. 1964. The story of the deer mirrors on the parkway. New Jersey Outdoors 15 (6): 13-18. Mikula, Edward J. 1955. An efficient handling crate for white-tail deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 19(4) : 501-503. Murphy, Dean A. 1960. Rearing and breeding white-tailed fawns in cap- tivity. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 24(4) :439-441 . Nettles, Kenneth A. 1964. Mirrors to reduce deer-auto collisions (abstract). Midwest Wildlife Conf. p. 35. Parker, Lansing A., and Arthur B. Meyer. 1962. Forest Wildlife rela- tionships. J. of Forestry 60(1) :5. Powell, Stephen E. 1952. Deer trappings on Swan Island, Richmond, Maine. Proceedings Annual Northeastern Wildl . Conf. 8:1-4. Robinson, William L. 1959. A study of winter shelter requirements of penned white-tailed deer. M.S. Thesis. University of Maine, Orono. 161pp. Robinson, William L. 1960. Tests of shelter requirements of penned white-tailed deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 24(4) : 364-371. Ruff, Frederick J. 1938. Trapping deer on the Pisgah National Game Preserve, North Carolina. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 2(3) : 151-161. Ruhl, Harry D. 1959. Big game management in the Lake States. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 24:472-479. Severinghaus , C. W. 1950. Aging a deer -- how to do it. New York State Conservationist 5 (2): 8-10. Severinghaus, C. W. 1950. Threats to our deer herds. West Virginia Conservation 14(9): 11-18, 38-39. Severinghaus, C. W., and John E. Tanck. 1950. Condition of the mandi- bular teeth of a sixteen and a half year old white-tailed deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 14(4) : 382-384. Stearns, Forest W., and William A. Creed. 1964. Wildlife habitat and the managed forest. Trans. Wisconsin Academy Science, Arts and Letters 53(a) : 123-129. Thomas, D. Woods, and Jerome K. Pasto. 1956. Costs and benefits of the deer herd. Pennsylvania State University Ag. Exp. Sta., University Park. 33pp. Thomas, Jack Ward. 1956. Social behavior in a white-tailed deer herd containing hypogonadal males. J. of Mammalogy 46(2) : 314-327. Trippensee, Reuben Edwin. 1948. Wildlife Management. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. 479pp. U. S. Forest Service. 1962. More game and timber too. Southern Forest Expt. Sta., Nacogdoches, Texas. 16pp. Westell, Casey E., Jr. 1956. Deer, club country and industry. Mich- igan Cons erv. 25(6):12-15. Wood, Roy. 1944. Arkansas' deer transplanting program. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 9:162-167. REGIONAL STUDIES Adams, William H. , Jr. 1959. Choccolocco deer range analysis and man- agement implications. Proc. Annual Conf. Southeastern Assoc. Game and Fish Commissioners 13:21-34. Adams, William H. , Jr. 1959. Population ecology and management of white-tailed deer in the Choccolocco wildlife management area, Alabama. Ph.D. Thesis. Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn. 117pp. Alexander, H. E. 1954. Deer problems new to Arkansas. Arkansas Game and Fish Comm. Job Completion Rept. P.-R. Project. 24pp. Allen, George W. 1948. The management of Georgia deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 12(4): 428-432. Allen, Jack. 1958. Indiana white-tails -- their plight and progress. Outdoor Indiana 15 (2): 2-3. Allen, John M. 1947. White-tailed deer investigation. Indiana P.-R. Wildl. Research Rept. 8(l):20-43. Anderson, Donald D. 1964. The status of deer in Kansas. Univ. of Kansas, Mus . Natur. History Misc. Pub. No. 39. 36pp. Bailey, Vernon. 1928. Deer investigations in Pennsylvania. Game Breeder 32(6) : 163-165, 180-184. Bailey, W., Jr., George Schildman and Phillip Agee. 1957. Nebraska deer. Nebraska Game, Forest and Parks Comm. 37pp. Banasiak, Chester F. 1955. Does Maine need a new deer season? Maine Dept. Inland Fish and Game, Augusta. 17pp. Mimeo. Banasiak, Chester F. 1961. Deer in Maine. Maine Dept. Inland Fish and Game, Augusta. Game Div. Bull. No. 6. 163pp. Barick, F. B. 1953. Management of the white-tailed deer in North Caro- lina. North Carolina Wildl. Resources Comm. , Raleigh. 6pp. Barick, Frank B. 1951. Deer restoration in the southeastern United States. Southeastern Assoc, of Game and Fish Commissioners 5:18. Barlett, C. 0. 1955. Starvation of deer on Navy Island. Ontario Dept. Lands and Forests, Tech. Bull. Wildl. Ser . No. 5. 18pp. Barlett, Charles 0. 1958. A study of some deer and forest relationships in Rondeau Provincial Park. Ontario Dept. Lands and Forests, Tech. Bull., Wildl. Ser. No. 7. 172pp. Bartlett, I. H. 1950. Michigan deer. Michigan Dept. of Conserv., Lansing. 50pp. Bartlett, Ilo H. 1938. White-tails, presenting Michigan's deer problem. Michigan Dept. Conserv., Lansing. Bull. Game Division. 64pp. Bartlett, Ilo H. 1944. North Manitou Island's deer herd. Michigan Conserv. 13 (8): 10. Bartlett, Ilo H. 1948. Michigan white-tailed deer. Michigan Dept. of Conserv., Lansing. Unpublished manuscript. 77pp. Bauer, Joseph F. 1963. Deer management program, development phase. New Jersey Outdoors 14(6): 14-20. Bennett, A. L. 1962. Industrial forestry and wildlife -- the Northeast. J. of Forestry 60:18-20. Benson, Fred C, Jr. 1958. Connecticut's white-tailed deer study -- a progress report. Conf. Northeast Section, Wildl. Soc . 4pp. Mimeo. Benson, R. I. 1954. White-tails moving south. Conserv. Volunteer 17(101): 14-18. Berner, L. M. 1951. Deer management problems and techniques in the Black Hills. 13th Midwest Wildl. Conf. 9pp. Berner, L. M. 1953. Deer management in the Black Hills of South Dakota. South Dakota Conserv. Digest 20(12) :8-12, 16. Blankenship, L. H. , and A. B. Erickson. 1961. Costs and values of Minne- sota deer. Conserv. Volunteer 25 (144) : 46-48. Bowers, G. C. 1958. The Pennsylvania deer story - 1958. Pennsylvania Game News 29(10) : 33 -48. Brohn, A. and D. Robb. 1955. Age composition, weights, and physical characteristics of Missouri's deer. Missouri Conserv. Dept. P.-R. Ser. No. 13. 28pp. Brunett, Louis E. 1959. The Tensas deer herd. Proc. Conf. Southeastern Assoc, of Game and Fish Commissioners 12:213-224. Bulfer, D. E. 1954. The Wisconsin Cooperative forest wildlife program: the forester's viewpoint. Proceedings Society of Am. Foresters. pp. 138-141. Callaway, Lynn. 1957. Illinois holds a deer season. Outdoor Am. 22 (5): 14-17. Chapman, Floyd Barton. 1939. The whitetail deer and its management in southeastern Ohio. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 4:257-267. Clepper, Henry E. 1931. The deer problem in the forests of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Dept. Forests and Waters, Bull. No. 50. 45pp. Cook, D. B., and W. J. Hamilton, Jr. 1942. Winter habits of white-tailed deer in central New York. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 6(4) : 287-291. Cook, F. W. 1945. White-tailed deer in the Great Plains region. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 9 (3): 237-242. Cook, R. S., and J. B. Hale. 1961. Deer on the Bad River Indian Reser- vation. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. and Nat. Resources Conf. 26:448-459. Coulter, M. W. 1951. The deer herd in Maine. Maine Forester, Orono. pp. 62-67. Crawford, H. S., and R. G. Leonard. 1963. The Sylamore deer study. U. S. Forest Service, Southern Forest Expt. Sta. 7pp. Mimeo. Dahlberg, B. L. 1948. Deer management research project 4-R. Wisconsin Wildlife Research Quarterly Progress Rept. 7(3): 1-25. Dahlberg, B. L., and R. C. Guettinger. 1949. A critical review of Wisconsin's deer problems. Wisconsin Conserv. Bull. 14(11): 6-9. Dahlberg, B. L., and R. C. Guettinger. 1956. The white-tailed deer in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Conserv. Dept., Technical Wildl. Bull. No. 14. 282pp. Day, B. W., Jr. 1963. Winter behavior of white-tailed deer in north- central Maine. M.S. Thesis. Univ. of Maine, Orono. 151pp. DeGarmo, W. R., and J. Gill. 1958. West Virginia white-tails. Conserv. Comm. of West Virginia, Division of Game Mgmt. Bull. No. 4. 87pp. Dunkeson, R. L. 1956. Deer and wild turkeys on managed forests in the Missouri Ozarks . Proc. Soc. of Am. Foresters, pp. 203-206. Ehrhart, E. 0. 1936. Forest management and deer requirements on the Allegheny National Forest. J. of Forestry 34(5) :472-474. Erickson, Arnold B. and Donald W. Burcalow. 1954. St. Croix Park deer herd. Conserv. Volunteer 17 (97): 6-17. Erickson, A. B., V. E. Gunvalson, M. H. Stenlund, D. W. Burcalow, and L. H. Blankenship. 1961. The white-tailed deer of Minnesota. Tech. Bull., Minnesota Dept. of Conserv., St. Paul, No. 5. 64pp. Feeney, W. S. 1943. Wisconsin deer today and tomorrow. Wisconsin Con- serv. Bull. 8(8):11-19. Flyger, V. F. 1958. The status of white-tailed deer in Maryland. 1956. Maryland Dept. Resources and Education, Resource Study Dept. No. 13. 9pp. Foote, L. E. 1944. A history of wild game in Vermont. Vermont Fish and Game Service, State Bull. P.-R. Series No. 11. 46pp. Foote, Leonard E. 1945. The Vermont Deer herd. Vermont Fish and Game Service, State Bull. R.-R. Series No. 13, 125pp. Forbes, Stanley E. 1959. The Pennsylvania deer story. Pennsylvania Game News 30(11) : 13-17. Gerstell, Richard. 1936. Pennsylvania's field game investigations. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. pp. 365-368. Gerstell, Richard. 1938. The Pennsylvania deer problem in 1938. Pennsyl- vania Game News 9L5):12-13, 31, 9(6):10-11, 27, 32, and 9(7):6-7, 29. Giles, Robert H. , Jr. 1962. The Allegheny County, Virginia, deer herd. Virginia J. Science 13(1):1-16. Giles, Robert H. , Jr. 1962. Timber - wildlife coordination concepts for large eastern forests. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. and Natural Resources Conf. 27:402-412. Glasgow, Leslie Lloyd. 1948. A winter habitat study of deer in Maine. Master's Thesis. Univ. of Maine, Orono. 133pp. Goins, W. C. 1958. The Tensas deer picture. Louisiana Conserv. 10 (3):14-17. Goodwin, Harry. 1960. The deer of New Jersey. New Jersey Outdoors 10 (7):4-9. Graham, Samuel A., Robert P. Harrison, Jr., and Casey E. Westell, Jr. 1963. Aspens, phoenix trees of the Great Lakes region. Univ. of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. 272pp. Great Lakes Deer Group. 1964. Research for deer management in the Great Lakes Region, Laurits W. Krefting, Editor. 73pp. Grimm, William C, and Clay L. Gifford. 1948. Survey of Pennsylvania mammals (Southwest sector). U. S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildl. Service. P.-R. Quarterly 8(3) :330-331. Hahn, Henry C., Jr. 1945. The white-tailed deer in the Edwards Plateau region of Texas. Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Comm. P.-R. Project 1-R. 52pp. Halls, Lowell K. , and Hewlette S. Crawford, Jr. 1960. Deer-forest habitat relationships in north Arkansas . J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 24(4) : 387-395. Harlan, James R. 1953. The Iowa deer problem and its solution. Iowa Conserv. 12(1): 97, 102. Harlow, Richard F. 1959. An evaluation of white-tailed deer habitat in Flordia. Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Comm., Tech. Bull. No. 5. 64pp. Holmgren, Ralph C, and Joseph V. Basile. 1956. Range revegetation and deer on the Payette. Idaho Wildl. Review 9(2): 10-13. Hunt, Robley W., and Lloyd M. Mangus . 1954. Deer management study. Mud Lake National Wildlife Refuge. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 18(4) :482-495. Hurd, E. S. 1962. Industrial forestry and wildlife -- the Lake States. J. of Forestry 60(1): 15-17. Jenkins, D. H. , and I. H. Bartlett. 1959. Michigan white-tails. Game Division, Michigan Conserv. Dept. 80pp. Kentucky's deer herd nemesis - poachers and dog packs. Kentucky's Happy Hunting Ground 20 (3):4-7. (1964). Kitchens, J. H. , Jr. 1962. Industrial forestry and wildlife - the South. J. of Forestry 60(1): 13-15. Klebenow, Donald A. 1965. A montane forest winter deer habitat in western Montana. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 29(1): 27-33. Krefting, Laurits W., and Ilo H. Bartlett. 1965. The Great Lakes deer group. Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference, Harrisburg, Penn- sylvania . 10pp . Laramie, Henry A., Jr., and Sumner A. Dole, Jr. 1957. Experimental deer yard management in New Hampshire. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 22: 501-519. Latham, Roger M. 1950. Pennsylvania's deer problem. Pennsylvania Game News Spec. Issue No. 1. pp. 2-40. Leaver ton, Paul. 1953. Deer control in the midwestern agricultural States. Iowa Conserv. 12(1): 99. Lindzey, James Shotwell. 1951. The white-tailed deer in Oklahoma; ecology, management and production. Ph.D. Thesis. Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College, Stillwater. 159pp. Lindzey, J. S. 1952. Thi- Ln Oklahoma. Oklahoma Game Fish Dept., P.-R. Project 37-R. 105pp. Little, S., G. R. Mt and H. A. Somes . 1958. Forestry and deer in the pine region of New Jersey. U. S. Forest Service, Northeastern Expt. Sta. Paper 109. 33pp. Loveless, C. M. J 959. The Everglades deer herd; life history and man- agement. Tech. Bull. No. 6. Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Comm. 104pp. Loveless, C. M< , and Frank J. Ligas . 1959. Wetlands and inland water resources: range condition, life history, and food habits of the Everglades deer herd. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 24:201-215. Lyon, L. Jack. 1966. Problems of habitat management for deer and elk in the northern forests. U. S. Forest Service, Research Paper INT-24, 15pp. Manville, Richard H. 1947. The Huron Mountain deer herd. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. ll(3):263-266. Marburger, Rodney G>, and Jack Ward Thomas. 1965. A die-off in white- tailed deer of the Central Mineral Region in Texas. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 29(4): 706-716. Marston, Merwin A. 1942. Winter behavior of deer in northwestern Maine. Master's Thesis. Univ. of Maine, Orono. 53pp. McCabe, Robert A. 1964. Some aspects of wildlife and hunting in northern Wisconsin. Wisconsin Academy Transactions 53(A) :57-65. McDowell, Robert D. 1962. The physcial condition of Connecticut's deer herd. Connecticut Wildl. Conserv. bull. 8(6) :1, 6-8. McDowell, Robert D., and Fi td C. Benson. 1960. The deer herd and land- owner in Connecticut. Univ. of Connecticut Expt. Sta., Storrs. Bull. 348. 16pp. McGinnes, Burd S. 1950. The white-tailed deer in Delaware. Delaware Game and Fish Couuu. 12pp. Michigan Conservation Department. 1955. A look at Michigan deer manage- ment. Upp. Mosby, H. S. 1950. Cooperative wildlife management on the Virginia State forests. J. of Forestry 48(10) : 700-702. Muncy, Robert J. 1954. The status of the white-tailed deer in Bath County, Virginia. Master's Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg. 103pp. Newman, Coleman. 1948. A survey of Florida deer and turkey habitats and populations. Conf. Southeastern Assoc, of Game Comm., Lexington, Kentucky. 6pp. Mimeo. Newman, Coleman, and Edward Griffin. 1950. Deer and turkey habitats and populations of Florida. Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Comm. Tech. Bull. No. 1. 30pp. Newsom, John D. 1962. Current deer management in Louisiana. Louisiana Conserv. 14 (9&10) : 15-17. Pas to, Jerome K., and D. Woods Thomas. 1955. Costs and benefits of the Potter and Monroe County deer herds. Pennsylvania Game News 26(2): 4-12. Pengelly, W. L. 1961. Factors influencing production of white-tailed deer on the Coeur D'Alene National Forest, Idaho. Ph.D. Thesis. Utah State University, Logan. 205pp. Pengelly, W. Leslie. 1963. Timber lands and deer in the Northern Rockies. J. of Forestry 61 (10) : 734-740. Phillips, Paul Harding. 1965. The economic impact of the Louisiana deer hunter on the communities surrounding the Chicago Mill Game Management area. Master's Thesis. Louisiana State Univ., School of Forestry and Wildl. Mgmt., Baton Rouge. 41pp. Queal, Leland M. 1964. Our Kansas deer. Kansas Fish and Game 21(2): 3-7, 17. Read, Ralph A. 1946. White-tailed deer - a forest crop in the Arkansas Ozarks . Southern Lumberman, Nashville 173:141-142. Robb, Dunbar. 1951. Missouri's deer herd. Missouri Conserv. Comm. 36pp. Ruff, Frederick J. 1938. The white-tailed deer on the Pisgah National Game Preserve, North Carolina. U. S. Dept. of Agr . , Forest Service. 249pp . Mimeo . Ruhl, Harry D. 1959. Big game management in the Lake States. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 24:472-479. Sanders, Earl. 1941. A preliminary report on the study of white-tailed deer in the Edwards Plateau of Texas. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 5 (2): 182- 190. Schilling, E. A. 1938. Management of white-tail deer on the Pisgah Na- tional Game Preserve. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 3:248-255. Schultz, Vincent. 1955. Status of the white-tailed deer in Tennessee. Rept. Reelfoot Lake Biol. Sta. 19:66-75. Seamans, Roger A. 1948. Vermont wildlife resources surveys. U. S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildl. Service, P.-R. Quarterly 8 (3): 344-345. 10 Seneca, Ernest D. 1961. Deer distribution, usage and population on the Broad Run management area, Craig County, Virginia. Master's Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg. 173pp. Severinghaus , C. W. 1956. History, management and ecology of white- tailed deer in Allegheny State Park. New York Fish and Game J. 3(10): 80-87. Severinghaus, C. W. , I. H. Bartlett, and personnel of P.-R. Project 25-R. 1951. West Virginia's deer problem. Cons. Coram, of West Virginia. 31pp. Shaw, S. P., and C. L. McCaughlin. 1951. The management of white-tailed deer in Massachusetts. Massachusetts Division of Fish and Game, Boston, Research Bull. 13. 59pp. Siegler, Hilbert R., Sumner A. Dole, Jr., Roger S. Leighton, and John Skerry. 1948. State-wide wildlife survey, New Hampshire. U. S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildl. Service, P.-R. Quarterly 8 (3):313-315. Spiker, Charles J. 1933. Some late winter and early spring observations on the white-tailed deer of the Adirondacks . Roosevelt Wildl. Bull., Syracuse 6(2) : 327-385. St. Amant, Lyle S., and Carroll J. Perkins. 1952. Yes I We're trapping deer in Louisiana. Louisiana Conserv. 4(6):11-15. Strode, Donald D. 1954. The Ocala deer herd. Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Coram., Game Publication No. 1. 42pp. Swanson, Carl V. 1950. The introduced white-tailed deer in southeastern Washington. The Murrelet 31(3):43-44. Sweet, Jasper C, and Charles W. Wright. 1952. Some aspects of the deer herd in New Jersey on a regional basis. Proc . Northeastern Wildl. Conf. 8:1-17. Swift, Ernest. 1946. A history of Wisconsin deer. Wisconsin Conserv. Dept., Publication 32. 96pp. Symington, D. F., and W. A. Benson. 1956. White-tailed deer in Saskatch- ewan. Saskatchewan Dept. Nat. Resources Conserv. Bull. No. 2. 18pp. Taylor, Dale L., and James B. Elder. 1959. Preliminary survey of deer in Kansas. Trans. Kansas Academy Sci. 62(1): 67-79. Teer, J. G., Jack W. Thomas, and Eugene A. Walker. 1965. Ecology and management of the white-tailed deer herd in the Llano Basin of Texas. Wildl. Monographs 15:1-62. 11 Uptegraft, D, D. 1959. The ecology and deer -carrying capacity of the Howland Island Game Management Area. Master's Thesis. State Univ. Coll. of Forestry, Syracuse, New York. 90pp. Webb, Charles Herschel. 1954. Biological characteristics of the white- tailed deer herd and an evaluation of the range in the Blue Ridge Game Management Area. Georgia Game and Fish Comm. 55pp. Westell, Casey E. 1955. Ecological relationships between deer and forests in lower Michigan. Proc . Society of Am. Foresters, pp. 130-132. Wilson, Kenneth A., and Ernest A. Vaughn. 1942. The Worcester County deer herd. Maryland Conserv., Summer 1942:6-8. Wing, Morris R. 1963. Wildlife in the Maine Forest District. Proc. Society of Am. Foresters, pp. 88-89. HISTORICAL STUDIES Bersing, Otis S. 1956. A century of Wisconsin deer. Wisconsin Conserv. Dept. 184pp. Christensen, Earl M. 1959. A historical view of the ranges of the white- tailed deer in northern Wisconsin forests. Am. Midland Naturalist 61(1): 230-238. DeBoer, Stanley G. 1953. And the deer came back. Wisconsin Conserv. Bull. 18(1):3-10. Habeck, J. R., and J. T. Curtis. 1959. Forest cover and deer population densities in early northern Wisconsin. Trans. Wisconsin Academy Science 48:49-56. Iowa Conservationist. 1953. Iowa's early deer story ,12(1) : 101. Jenkins, James H. 1952. The extirpation and restoration of North Georgia deer - a sixty year study. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 17:472-479. Latham, Roger M. 1943. Our deer - past, present and future. Pennsyl- vania Game News 14(9) :4-5, 26-27. Pietsch, Lysle R. 1954. White-tailed deer populations in Illinois. Biol. Notes No. 34, Illinois Nat. History Survey Division, Urbana. 22pp. Robb, Dunbar. 1957. Two decades of deer. Missouri Conserv. 18(6) :l-3. Schorger, A. W. 1953. The white-tailed deer in early Wisconsin. Trans. Wisconsin Academy Sci., Arts and Letters 42:197-247. Severinghaus, C. W., and C. P. Brown. 1956. History of the white-tailed deer in New York. New York Fish and Game J. 3(2) : 129-167. 12 Silver, Helenette. 1957. A history of New Hampshire game and f urbearers . New Hampshire Fish and Game Dept., Concord. Survey Rept. No. 6. pp. 191-214. Stenlund, Milton. 1958. A history of Itasca County deer. Conserv. Vol- unteer 21 (125): 19-24. MOVEMENTS Bartlett, Ilo H. 1949. Deer and snow. Michigan Conserv. 18(1) :3-5, 23-25. Brown, E. Reade, and John H. Mandery. 1962. Planting and fertilization as a possible means of controlling distribution of big-game animals. J. of Forestry 60:33-35. Carlsen, J. C, and R. E. Farmes . 1957. Movements of white-tailed deer tagged in Minnesota. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 21 (4) : 397-401. Gilbert, Paul, and John Harris. 1959. How far do deer travel? Colorado Outdoors 8 (2): 18-20. Glazener, W. C. 1948. Homing instinct of white-tailed deer. Texas Game and Fish 6 (8): 1-5. Hahn, H. C, Jr., and W. P. Taylor. 1950. Deer movements in the Edwards Plateau. Texas Game and Fish 8(12): 4-9, 31. Hamerstrom, F. N., Jr., and James Blake. 1939. Winter movements and winter foods of white-tailed deer in central Wisconsin. J. of Mammalogy 20(2):206-215. Hamilton, Rex. 1962. Factors affecting dispersal of deer released in Indiana. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 26(1): 7 9-85. Marchinton, Robert Larry. 1964. Activity cycles and mobility of central Florida deer based on telemetric and observational data. Master's Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville. 101pp. Michael, Edwin D. 1965. Movements of white-tailed deer on the Welder Wildlife Refuge. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 29(l):44-52. Montgomery, G. C. 1963. Nocturnal movements and activity rhythms of white-tailed deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 27 (3) :422-427. Progulske, Donald Robert. 1956. Movements and home ranges of the white- tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in central Missouri. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. of Missouri, Columbia. 86pp. Progulske, Donald R., and T. S. Baskett. 1958. Mobility of Missouri deer and their harassment by dogs. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 22(2) : 184- 192. Severinghaus, C. W. 1952. Fall movements of Adirondack deer. New York State Conservationist 7 (2): 6-7. 13 Tester, John R., Dwain W. Warner, and William W. Cochran. 1964. A radio- tracking system for studying movements of deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 28(l):42-45. Thomas, Jack Ward, James G. Teer, and E. A. Walker. 1964. Mobility and home range of white-tailed deer on the Edwards Plateau in Texas. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 28 (3) : 463-472. Welch, Joseph M. 1960. Factors influencing movements of white-tailed deer of southern Arizona. Master's Thesis. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson. 79pp. FOOD HABITS Aldous, Shaler E. 1942. Winter deer food problem. The Conserv. Volunteer 5(27):37-39. Atwood, Earl L. 1941. White-tailed deer foods of the United States. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 5(3) : 314-332. Baker, Theodore C. 1953. Food habits study of game animals. Wyoming Wildl. 17(11) :24-31. Beals, E. W., G. Cottam, and R. J. Vogal. 1960. Influence of deer on vegetation of the Apostle Islands, Wisconsin. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 24(1): 68-80. Bramble, W. C., and M. K. Goddard. 1953. Seasonal browsing of woody plants by white-tailed deer in the ridge and valley section of central Pennsylvania. J. of Forestry 51(11) :815-819. Buxton, Frank Edwin. 1951. Food habits of the white-tailed deer, Odoco- ileus virginianus Boddaert, in Boone County Iowa. Master's Thesis. Iowa State College, Ames. 64pp. Chamrad, Albert D., and Thadis W. Box. 1964. A point frame for sampling rumen contents. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 28(3) :473-477. Cook, David B. 1946. Summer browsing by deer on cut-over hardwood lands. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 10(1): 60-63. Dalke, Paul D. 1941. The use and availability of the more common winter deer browse plants in the Missouri Ozarks . Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 6:155-160. Davenport, L. A. 1937. Find deer have marked food preferences. Michigan Conserv. 7(4):4-6, 11. Davis, Richard B. 1948. Food habits and population studies of white- tailed deer on the live oak-mesquite ranges of the King Ranch. Texas Cooperative Wildl. Research Unit, Texas Agr. and Mechanical College, College Station, Quarterly Rept. 9(lA):5-6. 14 Davis, Richard B. 1949. Food habits and population studies of white- tailed deer on the live oak-mesquite ranges of the King Ranch. Texas Cooperative Wildl. Research Unit, Texas Agr . and Mechanical Coll., College Station, Quarterly Rept. 9(4):2-6. Davis, Richard Bratton. 1951. The food habits of white-tailed deer on the cattle stocked, live oak-mesquite ranges of the King Ranch, as determined by analysis of deer rumen contents. Master's Thesis. Texas A and M Coll., College Station. 97pp. DeNio, R. M. 1938. Elk and deer foods and feeding habits. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 3:421-427. Dunkeson, Robert Loyd. 1950. Feeding habits of the white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus , in relation to deer management in the Missouri Ozarks . Master's Thesis. Univ. of Missouri, Columbia. 102pp. English, P. F., and W. C. Bramble. 1949. "Kill 'em? -- starve 'em? -- feed 'em." Deer eat best forage they can find. Science for the Farmer, Pennsylvania State Coll., School of Agr. Expt. Sta., 61st Annual Rept., Bull. 502 3:7-8. Goodrum, Phil D. 1959. Acorns in the diet of wildlife. Conf. South- eastern Assoc, of Game and Fish Comm. 13:55-61. Goodrum, Phil D., and V. H. Reid. 1962. Browsing habits of white-tailed deer in the western Gulf region. Natl. White-tailed Deer Disease Symposium 1:9-15. Goodrum, Phil D., and Vincent H. Reid. 1958. Deer browsing in the long- leaf pine belt. Proc. Society of Am. Foresters, pp. 139-143. Graham, Samuel A. 1954. Changes in northern Michigan forests from browsing by deer. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 19:526-531. Grisez, Ted. 1957. Deer -browsing in the Poconos . Pennsylvania Game News, Harrisburg, 28(3): 7-10. Hahn, Henry C, Jr. 1945. Cedar important to wildlife. Texas Game and Fish 3(12):27-28. Halls, Lowell K., and Thomas H. Ripley. 1961. Deer browse plants of southern States. U. S. Forest Service, Southern and Southeastern Forest Expt. Stas. 78pp. Harlow, R. F. 1961. Fall and winter foods of Florida white-tailed deer. J. Florida Academy Sci. 24(1): 19-38. Hill, Ralph R., and Dave Harris. 1943. Food preferences of Black Hills deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 7(2) : 233-235. Horton, K. W. 1964. Deer prefer jack pine. J. of Forestry 62(7) :497-499. 15 Hosley, N. W. 1939. The place of foods in wildlife management. Penn- sylvania Game News 10 (2): 6-7. Hosley, N. W., and R. K. Ziebarth. 1935. Some winter relations of the white-tailed deer to the forests in north central Massachusetts. Ecology 16(4): 535-553. Howard, William Johnston. 1937. Notes on winter foods of Michigan deer. J. of Mammalogy 18(1): 77-80. Korschgen, Leroy J. 1962. Foods of Missouri deer with some management implications. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 26(2) : 164-172. Lay, Daniel W. 1965. Fruit utilization by deer in southern forests. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 29(2) :370-375. Maynard, L. A., Gardiner Bump, Robert Darrow, and J. C. Woodward. 1935. Food preferences and requirements of the white-tailed deer in New York State. New York State Conserv. Dept. and New York State Coll. of Agr., Albany, Bull. 1:1-35. McCulloch, Clay Y., Jr. 1955. Utilization of winter browse on wilderness big game range. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 19(2): 206. McKean, William T. 1954. Fall and winter foods of North Dakota deer. North Dakota Agr. Expt. Sta. Bimonthly Bull. 17(1): 25-31. Mitchell, H. L., and N. W. Hosley. 1936. Differential browsing by deer on plots variously fertilized. Black Rock Forest Papers l(5):24-27. Mustard, Eldie W., and Vernon Wright. 1964. Food habits of Iowa deer. State Conservation Coram., Des Moines. 35pp. Pearce, John. 1937. The effect. of deer browsing on certain western Adirondack forest types. Roosevelt Wildl. Bull. 7(1):1-61. Pike, Galen W. 1949. Food for deer and food for thought. Wisconsin Conserv. Bull. 14(7):22-24. Ripley, Thomas H., and Joe P. McClure. 1963. Deer browse resources of North Georgia. U. S. Forest Service Resource Bull. S.E. 2. 20pp. Roberts, Hadley B. 1956. Food habits and productivity of white-tailed deer in the Hatter Creek enclosure. Master's Thesis. Univ. of Idaho, Moscow. 57pp. Shafer, Elwood L., Jr. 1965. Deer browsing of hardwoods in the Northeast, U. S. Forest Service Research Paper N. E. 33. 37pp. South Dakota Conserv. Digest. 1966. What do deer eat? 33(2) :6-7. Swift, R. W. 1948. Deer select most nutritious forages. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 12(1): 109-110. 16 Tarr, Joseph A. 1953. Deer have own notions about where to feed. Agr. Expt. Sta., State College, Pennsylvania. 4pp. Van Dersal, William R. 1940. Utilization of oaks by birds and mammals. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 4 (4) : 404-428. Webb, William L. 1959. Summer browse preferences of Adirondack white- tailed deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 23(4) :455-456. White, Robert W. 1961. Some foods of the white-tailed deer in southern Arizona. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 25 (4) : 404-409. FOOD PRODUCTION Aldous, Shaler E. 1941. Deer management suggestions for northern white cedar types. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 5(1): 90-94. Aldous, Shaler E. 1949. Experimental planting of food and cover for deer. U. S. Dept. of the Interior Fish and Wildl. Serv., Wildl. Leaflet 320:1-9. Aldous, Shaler E. 1952. Deer browse clipping study in the Lake States region. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 16:401-409. American Boxboard Company, undated. Deer and aspen. Filer City, Michigan. 18pp. Bartlett, Ilo H. 1947. Cedar swamp management and deer. Proceedings Society of Am. Foresters, pp. 210-214. Basile, Joseph V. 1954. Availability of white-tailed deer browse within the Hatter Creek enclosure. Master's Thesis. Univ. of Idaho, Moscow. 45pp. Baskett, Thomas S., Robert L. Dunkeson, and S. Clark Martin. 1957. Responses of forage to timber stand improvements in the Missouri Ozarks. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 21 (2) : 121-126. Beckwith, Stephen L. 1954. Ecological succession on abandoned farm lands and its relationships to wildlife management. Ecol. Monographs 24 (4): 349-375. Blair, Robert M. 1960. Deer forage increased by thinnings in a Louisiana loblolly pine plantation. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 24(4) : 401-405. Blouch, Ralph Irving. 1963. The response of deer to a forest-wildlife management program on the Midforest Lodge. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 250pp. Box, Thadis W. 1964. Changes in wildlife habitat composition following brush control practices in south Texas. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 29:432-438. Box, Thadis W., and Jeff Powell. 1965. Brush management techniques for improved forage values in south Texas. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. and Natural Resources Conf. 30:285-296. 17 Buell, Murray F., and John E. Carlton. 1953. Effects of prescribed burning on ground cover in the New Jersey pine region. Ecology 34(3) : 520-528. Chamberlain, E. B., Jr., and Thomas K. Goodrich. 1962. Aerial and mist- blower application of herbicides in southern forests as related to wildlife management. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. and Natural Resources Conf. 27:384-393. Christisen, Donald M. , and Leroy J. Korschgen. 1955. Acorn yields and wildlife usage in Missouri. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 20:337-357. Clepper, Henry E. 1936. Forest-carrying capacity and food problems of deer. Proceedings of N. Am. Wildl. Conf. pp. 410-416. Cook, David B. 1939. Thinning for browse. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 3(3): 201-202. Crouch, Glenn Leroy. 1964. Forage production and utilization in relation to deer browsing of Douglas fir seedlings in the Tillamook burn, Oregon. Ph.D. Thesis. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 176pp. Dalke, P. D. 1953. Yields of seeds and mast in second growth hardwood forest, south central Missouri. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 17 (3) :378-380. Davenport, L. A., D. F. Switzenberg, Robert C. van Etten, and Wayne D. Burnett. 1953. A study of deeryard carrying capacity by controlled browsing. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 18:581-596. Davenport, L. A., Warren Shapton, and W. Carl Gower. 1944. A study of the carrying capacity of deeryards as determined by browse plots. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 9:144-149. DeBoer, Stanley G. 1952. Feed 'em - with an axe. Wisconsin Conser. Bull. 17(3):3-11. DeBoer, Stanley G. 1953. And the browse came back. Wisconsin Conser v. Bull. 18(1):3-10. Della-Bianca, Lino, and Frank M. Johnson. 1965. Effect of an intensive cleaning on deer -browse production in the southern Appalachians. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 29(4) : 729-733. Dietz, Donald R. 1958. Seasonal variation in the nutritive deer browse species. Master's Thesis. Colorado State University, Fort Collins. 110pp. Dobie, John G., and William H. Marshall. 1954. Notes on the results of certain C.C.C. plantings on the Paul Bunyan State Forest, Minnesota. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 18(4) : 531-533. Downs, Albert A., and William E. McQuilkin. 1944. Seed production of southern Appalachian oaks. J. of Forestry 42(12) : 913-920. 18 Dunkeson, Robert. 1951. Food for deer planted with an axe. Missouri Conservationist 12(2) :4, 5, 13. Forbes, E. B., and L. 0. Overholts . 1931. Deer carrying capacity of Pennsylvania woodland. Ecology 12(4) : 750-752. Frankenburger , R. S., and L. W. Gysel. 1958. Comments on "Effects of silvicultural practices on wildlife food and cover in oak and aspen types in northern Michigan." J. of Forestry 56(6) :433. Gill, John D. 1957. Cutting hardwoods to help deer. Maine Dept. Inland Fisheries and Game, Game Division Leaflet Series 1(3): 1-4. Gill, John. 1957. Effects of pulpwood cutting practices on deer. Pro- ceedings, Society of Am. Foresters, pp. 137-140. Goodrum, Charles W. 1949. Eight methods of timber harvesting in relation to wildlife. Master's Thesis. Sam Houston Teacher's Coll., Huntsville, Texas. 33pp. Goodrum, Phil D. 1960. Herbicides in relation to forest wildlife manage- ment in the southern United States. Fifth World Forestry Congress. 4pp . Mimeo . Goodrum, Phil D., and Vincent H. Reid. 1956. Wildlife implications of hardwood and brush control. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 21:127-141. Gould, Ernest W. 1937. Occurrence of low growing game foods during the old field-white pine-mixed hardwood succession in the Harvard Forest. Master's Thesis. Harvard Univ., Petersham, Massachusetts. 38pp. Graham, Samuel A. 1958. Results of deer exclosure experiments in the Ottawa National Forest. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 23:478-490. Graham, Samuel A., and Casey E. Westell, Jr. 1955. Quantities of deer browse produced on recently cutover aspen land. Michigan Wildl. No. 1. School of Nat. Resources, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 2pp. Grisez, Ted J. 1959. The Hickory Run deer exclosure. Forest Research Notes. U. S. Forest Service Northeastern Forest Expt. Sta. No. 87. 4pp. Gysel, Leslie W. 1957. Effects of Silviculture practices on wildlife food and cover in oak and aspen types in northern Michigan. J. of Forestry 55(11) :803-809. Gysel, Leslie W. 1961. Bulldozing to produce browse for deer. Michigan Agr. Expt. Sta., Lansing, Quarterly Bull. 43(4) : 722-731. Gysel, Leslie W. 1962. Vegetation and animal use of a power line right- of-way in southern Michigan. Michigan Agr. Expt. Sta., East Lansing, Quarterly Bull. 44(4) : 697-713. 19 Habeck, James R. 1959. A vegetational study of the central Wisconsin winter deer range. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 23(3) : 273-278. Halls, Lowell K., and ReneAlcaniz. 1965- Seasonal twig growth of south- ern browse plants. U. S. Forest Service Research Note SO-23. 5pp. Halls, L. K., and H. S. Crawford. 1965. Vegetation response to an Ozark woodland spraying. J. of Range Mgmt. 18(6) : 338-340. Harlow, Richard F., and Edwin L. Tyson. 1959. A preliminary report on the effect of mast abundance on the weight and reproduction of deer in central Florida. Proceedings 13th Annual Conf., Southeastern Assoc. Game and Fish Cornm. pp. 62-69. Harney, John E., Jr. 1948. The effect of forest cutting practices on deer browse in the chestnut oak (Quercus montana) type. Master's Thesis. Pennsylvania State Coll., University Park. 54pp. Harrison, R. P. 1955. Aspen management: a partial solution to the deer problem. Wisconsin Conserv. Bull. 20(2): 18-22. Hodgkins, Earl J. 1958. Effects of fire on undergrowth vegetation in upland southern pine forests. Ecology 39(1): 36-46. Holmgren, Ralph C, and Joseph J. Basile. 1959. Improving southern Idaho deer winter ranges by artificial revegetation. Idaho Dept. Fish and Game, Boise. Wildl, Bull. 3. 61pp. Hoskins, Leonard W., and Paul D. Dalke. 1955. Winter browse on the Pocatello big game range in southeastern Idaho. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 19(2): 215-255. Hurd, E. S. 1962. A dinnerbell for the whitetail. Am. Forests 68(8): 24-26. Jordon, James S., Donald Hagar, and William M. Stitler. 1965. Deer browse production and timber stand improvement in northern hardwoods. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. and Natural Resources Conf. 30:296-305. Keener, John M. 1952. The need for deer range management. Wisconsin Conserv. Bull. 17(11): 7-10. Krefting, Laurits W. 1941. Methods of increasing deer browse. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 5(1): 95-102. Krefting, L. W., H. L. Hansen, and M. H. Stenlund. 1955. Use of herbi- cides in inducing regrowth of mountain maple for deer browse. Minne- sota Forestry Notes 42, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul. 2pp. Krefting, Laurits W. 1953. Effect of cutting mountain maple on the production of deer browse. Minnesota Forestry Notes 21, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, pp.- 1-2. Krefting, Laurits W. 1962. Use of silvicultura] techniques for improving deer habitat in the Lake States. J, of Forestry 60(l):40-42. 20 Krefting, L. W. 1959. Survival and growth of some wildlife cover plantings in Minnesota. Minnesota Forestry Notes 79. Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul . 2pp . Krefting, L. W., and H. L. Hansen. 1958. Comparison of winter and spring applications of 2, 4-D to induce regrowth of mountain maple for deer browse. Minnesota Forestry Notes No. 66. Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul . 2pp . Krefting, Laurits W., and Henry L. Hansen. 1963. Use of phytocides to improve deer habitat in Minnesota. Southern Weed Conference, Mobile, Alabama, 16:209-216. Mimeo. Krefting, Laurits W., H. L. Hansen, and M. H. Stenlund. 1956. Stimulating regrowth of mountain maple for deer browse by herbicides, cutting, and fire. J. of Wildl. Mgtnt. 20(4) : 434-441. Krefting, L. W., H. L. Hansen, and R. W. Hunt. 1960. Aerial applications of 2, 4-D to improve the browse supply for deer. Proceedings Society of Am. Foresters, pp. 103-106. Laramie, Henry A., Jr., and Sumner A. Dole., Jr. 1957. Experimental deer yard management in New Hampshire. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 22: 501-519. Lay, Daniel W. 1956. Effects of prescribed burning on forage and mast production in southern pine forests. J. of Forestry 54:582-584. Lay, Daniel W. 1957. Browse quality and the effects of prescribed burning in southern pine forests. J. of Forestry 55(5) : 342-347. Lemon, Paul C. 1949. Successional responses of herbs in the longleaf- slash pine forest after fire. Ecology 30(2) : 135-145. Martin, S. Clark, Robert L. Dunkeson, and Thomas S. Baskett. 1955. Timber harvests help offset forage decline in Missouri's managed forests. J. of Forestry 53(7) :513-516. Moore, William H. , and Robert B. Manney. 1962. Deer browse plants in loblolly and water oak - gum types of Piedmont Georgia. U. S. Forest Service Southeastern Forest Expt. Sta. Research Notes No. 172. 2pp. Morton, James N., and John B. Sedam. 1938. Cutting operations to im- prove wildlife environment on forest areas. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 2 (4): 206-214. Mueggler, Walter F. 1965. Herbicide treatment of browse on a big-game winter range in northern Idaho. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 30(1) : 141-150. Murphy, D. A., and John H. Ehrenreich. 1965. Fruit-producing trees and shrubs in Missouri's Ozark Forests. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 29(3): 497-503. 21 Murphy, Dean A., and John H. Ehrenreich. 1965. Effects of timber harvest and stand improvements on forage production. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 29(4): 734-739. Patton, David R. 1963. The influence of forest cutting on browse availability. Master's Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg. 40pp. Patton, David R., and Burd S. McGinnes . 1964. Deer browse relative to age and intensity of timber harvest. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 28(3): 458-463. Reid, Vincent H. , and Phil D. Goodrum. 1957. The effect of hardwood removal on wildlife. Proceedings Society of Am. Foresters, pp. 141-147. Reid, Vincent H. , and Phil D. Goodrum. 1957. Factors influencing the yield and wildlife use of acorns. Sixth Annual LSU Forestry Sym- posium, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 43pp. Ripley, Thomas H. , and Joe P. McClure. 1963. Deer browse resources of north Georgia. U. S. Forest Service Research Bulletin S. E. 2 . 20pp . Ripley, Thomas H. , and Robert A. Campbell. 1960. Browsing and stand regeneration in clear and selectively cut hardwoods. N. Am. Wildl. and Natural Resources Conf. 25:407-414. Ryel, Lawrence Atwell. 1953. Effects of forest age and growth on the availability of forage for deer in white cedar swamps. Master's Thesis. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. 99pp. Schuster, J. L., and L. K. Halls. 1962. Timber overstory determines deer forage in shortleaf -loblolly pine-hardwood. Proceedings Society of Am. Foresters, pp. 165-167. Shafer, E. L., Jr., T. J. Giesez, and Ed Sowa. 1961. Results of deer exclosure studies in northeastern Pennsylvania. U. S. Forest Ser- vice, Northeastern Forest Expt. Sta. For. Res. Notes No. 121. 7pp. Stoeckeler, J. H. , John M. Keener, and R. Ostrothmann. 1958. Deer browse production from felled trees in the northern hardwood - hemlock forest type. J. of Forestry 56(6) : 416-421. Tarr, J. A. 1953. The value of clear cutting in strips to produce browse for deer in mixed oak forests over a fourteen-year period. Master's Thesis. Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. 35pp. Toth, S. J. 1957. Test rye for deer forage. New Jersey Agr. 39(2): 3-4. Verme, Louis J. 1961. Production of white-cedar browse by logging. J. of Forestry 59(8) :589-591. 22 Webb, William L. , and Earl F. Patric. 1961. Seeding herbaceous per- ennials i'n forest areas for game food and erosion control. New York Fish, and Game J. 8(1): 19-30. Westell, Casey E., Jr. 1954. Available browse following aspen logging in lower Michigan. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 18 (2) : 266-271 . Whisenhunt, Matt Harvey, Jr. 1949. The flora of two experimental plots in Mason County, Texas, with special reference to its utilization by white-tailed deer. Master's Thesis. Texas Agricultural and Mechanical Coll., College Station. 88pp. Wisconsin Conserv. Dept. 1948. Environment and deer. Wisconsin Con- serv. Bull. 13(3): 7. NUTRITION Alkon, Philip U. 1959. A study of nutritional and palatability values of hardwood slash as winter deer food. Master's Thesis. Univ. of Maine. 110pp. Alkon, Philip U. 1961. Nutritional and acceptability values of hardwood slash as winter deer browse. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 25(1):77-81. Bissell, Harold. 1959. Interpreting chemical analysis of browse. California Fish and Game 45(l):57-58. Causey, Miles Keith. 1964. Nutritional analysis and seasonal variation of some herbaceous deer browse plants in the pine-hardwood areas of Winn and Union Parishes, Louisiana. Master's Thesis. Louisi- ana State Univ., School of Forestry and Wildl. Mgmt., Baton Rouge. 46pp. Chase, Greenleaf, and C. William Sever inghaus . 1949. Winter deer feeding. New York Conserv. Dept., Fish and Wildl. Information Bull. 3:1-16. Cheatum, E. L. 1949. Bone marrow as an index of malnutrition in deer. New York State Conservationist 3 (5): 19-22. Cowan, I. McT., A. J. Wood, and W. D. Kitts. 1957. Feed requirements of deer, beaver, bear and mink for growth and maintenance. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 22:179-188. Dalke, Paul D., and Palmer R. Sime. 1941. Food habits of the eastern and New England cottontails. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 5(2) : 216-228. Daubenmire, R. 1953. Nutrient content of leaf litter of trees in the northern Rocky Mountains. Ecology 34(4) : 786-793 . Davenport, L. A. 1939. Results of deer feeding experiments in Cusino, Michigan. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 4:268-274. 23 DeWitt, James B., and James V. Derby. 1948. Changes in nutritive value of browse plants following forest fires. U. S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildl. Service Progress Rept. 8pp. Typed. DeWitt, J. B., and James V. Derby, Jr. 1955. Changes in nutritive value of browse plants following forest fires. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 19 (1): 65-70. Dietz, Donald R. 1958. Exploratory analysis of browse samples. Colo- rado Game and Fish Dept., P.-R. Project W-38-R-11. 37pp. Dietz, Donald R. 1965. Deer nutrition research in range management. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. and Natural Resources Conf. 30:274-285. Dietz, Donald R. , Robert H. Udall, Harold R. Shepherd, and Lee E. Yeager . 1958. Seasonal progression in chemical content of five key browse species in Colorado. Proceedings Society of Am. Foresters, pp. 117-122. Dixon, Joseph S. 1934. A study of the life history and food habits of mule deer in California. California Fish and Game 20(3) : 181-273; (4)315-354. Duvendick, Jerry P. 1962. The value of acorns in the diet of Michigan deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 26 (4) :371-379. Duvendick, Jerry Paul. 1964. The value of prediction of acorn crops for deer. Ph.D. Thesis. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. 92pp. Einarsen, A. S. 1946. Crude protein determination of deer food as an applied management technique. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 11:309- 312. French, C. E., L. C. McEwen, N. D. Magruder , R. H. Ingram, and R. W. Swift. 1955. Nutritional requirements of white-tailed deer for growth and antler development. Pennsylvania Agr. Expt. Sta., Uni- versity Park, Bull. No. 600. 8pp. Gamble, Bill and Wendell Swank. 1954. Case of the starving deer. Arizona Wildlife-Sportsman 25 (3): 62-63. Gastler, George F., Alvin L. Moxon, and William T. McKean. 1951. Com- position of some plants eaten by deer in the Black Hills of South Dakota. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 15:352-357. Gerstell, Richard. 1937. Winter deer losses. Pennsylvania Game News 8(7):18-21, 29. Gerstell, Richard. 1942. The place of winter feeding in practical wildlife management. Pennsylvania Game Comm. Research Bull. 3. 121pp. Gill, John Delmont. 1955. Regional differences in size and productiv- ity of deer in West Virginia. Master's Thesis. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. 25pp. 24 Gould, Walter P., and James H. Brown, Jr. 1961. Atlantic white-cedar as a winter deer browse. J. of Wildl. Mgmt . 25(3) :342. Harris, D. 1945. Symptoms of malnutrition in deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 9(4):319-322. Haugen, Arnold 0. 1953. Animate in the diet of deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 7(1): 33-36. Hellmers, Henry. 1940. A study of monthly variations in the nutritive value of several natural winter deer foods. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 4(3) :315-325. Hundley, Louis R. 1959. Available nutrients in selected deer -browse species growing on different soils. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 23:81-90. Hundley, Louis Reams. 1956. The available nutrients in selected deer browse species growing on different soils. Ph.D. Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg. 81pp. Johnson, Fred W. 1937. Deer weights and antler measurements in rela- tion to population density and hunting effort. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 2:446-457. Lay, D. W. 1956. Some nutritional problems of deer in the southern pine type. Proceedings Southeastern Assoc. Game and Fish Commis- sioners 10:53-58. Lee, James A. 1957. V/hy- and how- deer starve. Conservation Volunteer 20(116) :43-45. Magruder, N. D., C. E. French, L. C. McEwen, and R. W. Swift. 1957. Nutritional requirements of white-tailed deer for growth and antler developement - experimental results of the year. Pennsyl- vania State Univ., Agr . Expt. Sta., University Park, Bull. 628. 21pp. McEwen, Lowell C. 1954. The relationship of food intake to the nutritional status and antler growth of the white-tailed deer. Master's Thesis. Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. 52pp. McEwen, Lowell Clayton. 1956. Dietary requirements of male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) for body growth and antler growth. Ph.D. Thesis. Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. 209pp. McEwen, L. C, C. E. French, N. D. Magruder, R. W. Swift, and R. E. Ingram. 1957. Nutrient requirements of the white-tailed deer. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 22:119-132. Mcllwain, Jerry Paul. 1965. The relationship of browse production and availability to the physical condition of deer. Master's Thesis. Louisiana State Univ., School of Forestry and Wildl. Mgmt., Baton Rouge. 63pp. Michigan Dept. of Conserv. 1957. The best deer food. Michigan Conserv. 6(11):2. 25 Nestler, Ralph B., James V. Derby, and James B. DeWitt. 1949. Vitamin A and carotene content of some wildlife foods. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 13(3) :271-274. Nichol, A. A. 1938. Experimental feeding of deer. Univ. of Arizona, Coll. of Agr., Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bull. 75. 39pp. Ransom, A. Brian. 1965. Kidney and marrow fat as indicators of white- tailed deer condition. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 29(2) : 397-398. Severinghaus , C. W. 1955. Deer weights as an index of range conditions on two wilderness areas in the Adirondack region. New York Fish and Game J. 2(2) : 154-160 . Severinghaus, C. W. , H. F. Maquire, R. A. Cookingham, and J. E. Tanck. 1950. Variations by age class in the antler beam diameters of white- tailed deer related to range conditions. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 15:551-568. Severinghaus, C. W., and Rosalind Gottlieb. 1959. Big deer vs. little deer - food is the key factor. New York State Conser. 14(2): 30-31. Short, Henry Laughton. 1962. A comparison of some aspects of the nu- trients of the white-tailed deer and the domestic cow. Ph.D. Thesis. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. 112pp. Silver, Helenette, and N. F. Colovos . 1957. Nutritive evaluation of some forage rations for deer. New Hampshire Fish and Game Dept., Concord, Tech. Circ. No. 15. 56pp. Smith, Frank H. , Kenneth C. Beeson, and Walter E. Price. 1956. Chem- ical composition of herbage browsed by deer in two wildlife manage- ment areas. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 20(4) : 359-367. Stollberg, B. P. 1948. Food habits research. Wisconsin Conserv. Dept., Quarterly Progress Rept. P.-R. Project 8-R. 3pp. Stollberg, B. P. 1949. Deer starve at feeding stations. Wisconsin Conserv. Bull. 14(2): 18-19. Swank, Wendell G. 1956. Protein and phosphorus content of browse plants as an influence on southwestern deer herd levels. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 21:141-158. Sweet, J. C, and Charles W. Wright. 1952. A comparison of weight and antler development between white-tailed deer in northern and southern New Jersey. New Jersey Outdoors 3(3):3-8. Taylor, Walter P. 1947. Some new techniques -- hoofed mammals, Trans, N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 12:293-324. 26 Teeri, A. E., E. Pomerantz, N. F. Colovos , and H. A. Keener. 1955. Vitamin excretion by deer. J. of Mammalogy 36(4) : 553-557. Ullrey, D. E., W. G. Youatt, H. E. Johnson, P. K. Ku, and L. D. Fay. 1964. Digestibility of cedar and aspen browse for the white-tailed deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 28 (4) : 791-797 . Van Volkenberg, H. L., and A. J. Nicholson. 1943. Parasitism and mal- nutrition of deer in Texas. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 7 (2) : 220-223 . Verme, L. J. 1962. Mortality of white-tailed deer fawns in relation to nutrition. Proceedings 1st Natl. Deer Disease Symposium, Univ. of Georgia, Athens 1:15-32. Verme, Louis J. 1963. Effect of nutrition on growth of white-tailed deer fawns. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. and Natural Resources Conf. 28: 431-443. Winter, Kenneth B., and Ralph F. Honess. 1952. Bearded grains cause death of deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 16 (1) : 113-114. Wolfe, Carl William. 1961. Studies of nutritional needs of male white- tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and of the nutrient content of various species of blueberry (Vaccinium) . Master's Thesis. Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. 93pp. Youatt, W. G., D. E. Ullrey, H. E. Johnson, P. K. Ku, and L. D. Fay. 1962. Digestibility of cedar and aspen browse for the white-tailed deer. Abst: Animal Science 21(4) : 1017-1018. COMPETITION FOR FOOD Bookhout, Theodore A. 1965. Feeding coactions between snowshoe hares and white-tailed deer in Northern Michigan. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. and Natural Resources Conf. 30:321-335. Case, George. 1938. The influence of elk on deer populations. First and second Idaho Game Mgmt. Conf s . , Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, Bull. 33 (22): 25-27. Davis, Richard B. 1952. The use of rumen contents data in a study of deer cattle competition and "animal equivalency." Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 17:448-458. Davis, Richard Bratton. 1952. A study of some interrelationships of a native south Texas range, its cattle and its deer. Ph.D. Thesis. Texas Agr. and Mechanical Coll., College Station. 114pp. English, P. F., and W. C. Bramble. 1950. Humans and deer combine in keeping wild turkey population at low level. Science for the Farmer, June. pp. 7-8. 27 Goodrum, Phil, and Vincent H. Reid. 1954. Deer versus livestock on Gulf Coast range. Presented at 8th Annual Conf. Southeastern Assoc. Game and Fish Comm. pp. unnumbered. Halloran, Arthur A. 1943. Management of deer and cattle on the Aransas National Wildl. Refuge. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 7(2) :203-216. Hough, A. F. 1949. Deer and rabbit browsing and available winter forage in Allegheny hardwood forests. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 13(1) :135-141. Krefting, Laurits W. , and Joseph H. Stoeckeler. 1953. Effect of simu- lated snowshoe hare and deer damage on planted conifers in the Lake States. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 17(4) :487-494. McMahan, Craig A. 1964. Comparative food habits of deer and three classes of livestock. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 28(4) :798-808. Merrill, L. B. 1957. Livestock and deer ratios for Texas range lands. Texas Agr. Expt. Sta. , College Station, M. P. 221. 9pp. Riordan, Lawrence E. 1956. Selectivity and utilization of three key range forage species by cattle, sheep and deer in western Colorado. Master's Thesis. Colorado Agr. and Mechanical Coll., Fort Collins. 196pp. Rogers, Glenn. 1953. Game -live stock forage competition study in Colo- rado. Proceedings 32nd Annual Conf. Western Assoc. State Game and Fish Comm. pp. 228-232. Thilenius, John Frederick. 1960. Forage utilization by cattle and white- tailed deer on a northern Idaho range. Master's Thesis. Univ. of Idaho, Moscow. 87pp. FORAGE SURVEYS Aldous, Shaler E. 1944. A deer browse survey method. J. of Mammalogy 25(2):130-136. Buechner, Helmut Karl. 1944. The range vegetation of Kerr County, Texas, in relation to livestock and white-tailed deer. Am. Midland Natura- list 31(3):697-743. Cassady, John T. 1949. Utilizing forage on southern forest range. Proceedings Assoc. Southern Agr. Workers 46th Annual Convention, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. pp. 103-104. Dunkeson, Robert L. 1955. Deer range appraisal for the Missouri Ozarks. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 19(3) :358-364. Ehrenreich, John H. , and Dean A. Murphy. 1962. A method of evaluating habitat for forest wildlife. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. and Natural Resources Conf. 27:376-384. 28 Elkins, Winston. 1936. Deer browse survey, Chequamegon National Forest, winter of 1935-1936. U. S. Dept. of Agr. , Forest Serv. 9pp. Goodrum, Phil. 1948. Evaluation of deer browsing and why. Conf. South- eastern Assoc. Game Commissioners, Lexington, Kentucky. 6pp. Mimeo. Harlow, Richard F. 1955. Preliminary report on a deer browse census based on 1007o clipping method. 9th Annual Meeting Southeastern Assoc. Game and Fish Comm. 47pp. Jordahl, Harold C. 1950. A technique for evaluating deer browsing. Master's Thesis. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 62pp. Keener, John M. , and Donald R. Thompson. 1957. The deer unit: surveys and management. Wisconsin Conserv. Bull. 22(8) :6-10. Lake States Forest Expt. Sta. 1959. Deer browse surveys in northern hardwoods and aspen-balsam fir. Annual Report, 1958. 64pp. Leopold, Aldo, Lyle K. Sowls, and David L. Spencer. 1947. A survey of over-populated deer ranges in the United States. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 11(2) :162-177. McCain, Randal. 1948. A method of measuring deer range use. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 13:431-441. Moore, William H. , Thomas H. Rysley, and Jerome L. Clutter. 1960. Trials to determine relative deer range carrying capacity values in connection with the Georgia forest survey. Proceedings 14th Annual Conf. Southeastern Assoc, of Game and Fish Comm. pp. 98- 104. Morton, Allen D. 1950. Sampling yields and utilization of browse on winter deer ranges in northern Idaho. Master's Thesis. Univ. of Idaho, Moscow. 63pp. Passmore, R. C. , and R. L. Hepburn. 1955. A method for appraisal of winter range for deer. Ontario Dept. Lands and Forests, Research Report 29. 7pp. Shafer, Elwood L. 1963. The twig-count method for measuring hardwood deer browse. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 27(3) :428-437. Swift, Ernest. 1948. Wisconsin's deer damage to forest reproduction survey. Wisconsin Conserv. Dept. Publication 347. 24pp. Swift, Lloyd W. 1941. Some criteria for determining proper forage utiliza- tion by big game on winter ranges. J. of Mammalogy 22(1) :47-53. Thompson, R. L. 1962. An investigation of some techniques for measur- ing availability of oak mast and deer browse. Master's Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg. 85pp. 29 Webb, William L. 1948. Environmental analysis of a winter deer range. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 13:442-450. Webb, William L. 1957. Interpretation of over-browsing in northeastern forests. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 21 (1) : 101-103. Young, Vernon A., and Gene F. Payne. 1948. Utilization of "key" browse species in relation to proper grazing practices in cutover western white pine lands in northern Idaho. J. of Forestry 46(l):35-40. DAMAGE AND PREVENTION Adams, Lowell. 1949. The effects of deer on conifer reproduction in northwestern Montana. J. of Forestry 47 (11) : 909-913 . Adams, Lowell. 1951. White-tailed deer browsing on natural conifer seed- lings. U. S. Forest Service, Northern Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Expt. Sta., Research Note 105. 3pp. Adams, Lowell. 1951. White-tailed deer browsing on ponderosa pine plantations. U. S. Forest Service, Northern Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Expt. Sta., Research Note No. 89. 51pp. Adams, Lowell. 1958. Conflicts and integration in the management of forests and deer. Proceedings Society of Am. Foresters, pp. 127- 129. Bartlett, Ilo H. 1948. Deer proof fences. Michigan Conserv. Dept. 3pp. Bennett, A. L. 1957. Deer mismanagement - a threat to sustained yield forestry in Pennsylvania. Proceedings Society of Am. Foresters. pp. 101-104. Berry, Rockwood N. 1948. Orchards versus deer. Am. Fruit Grower 68 (11):13, 18, 26. Besser, J. 1955. Field and enclosure studies with experimental repel- lents for the protection of trees and shrubs from damage by rabbits and deer. U. S. Fish and Wildl. Service Research Laboratory, Denver, Special Report. 13pp. Boyce, Arlow P. 1950. Orchard damage. Michigan Conserv., Lansing, 19 (6):9-10, 26. Bramble, W. C, and P. F. English. 1948. The forest grazing problem created by deer in eastern forests. Proceedings Society of Am. Foresters, pp. 257-263. Brown, E. Reade, and John H. Mandery. 1962. Planting and fertilization as a possible means of controlling distribution of big game animals. J. of Forestry 60(l):33-35. 30 Cox, W. T. 1938. Preventing deer concentrations. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 2(l):l-2. Curtis, Robert 0., and F. M. Rushmore. 1958. Some effects of stand den- sity and deer browsing on reproduction in an Adirondack hardwood stand. J. of Forestry 56:116-121. Denney, Richard W. 1955. Deer damage problems in Colorado. Proc. 35th Annual Conf. Western Assoc. State Game and Fish Comm. pp. 131-134. Detwiler, John S. 1953. A survey of deer damage to coniferous plantings in selected Pennsylvania counties. Master's Thesis. Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. 94pp. Driscoll, Richard S. 1963. Repellents reduce deer browsing on ponderosa pine seedlings. U. S. Forest Service, Research Note PNW-5. 8pp. Frontz, LeRoy. 1930. Deer damage to forest trees in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Dept. Forests and Waters. Research Circ. 3. Gerstell, Richard. 1938. Electric fencing as a deer control agency. Pennsylvania Game News 8 (12): 8-9, 32. Gordon, Seth. 1937. Conservation madness. Country Gentleman 107(5); 16-17, 91-92. Graham, S. A. 1956. Deer and destiny. Michigan Conserv. 25(4):19-22. Grisez, Ted J. 1959. A low-cost deer fence. J. of Forestry 57:42-43. Grisez, Ted J. 1960. Slash helps protect seedlings from deer browsing. J. of Forestry 58(5) :385-387. Hosley, N. W. (Chairman). 1931. Wild animal damage to New England forests. J. of Forestry 29(5) : 700-708. Howard, W. E. 1962. 1961 Report of the Wildlife Society's Committee on economic losses caused by vertebrates. J. of Forestry 60:45-46. Johnson, Skip. 1957. Too many deer and a five-mile fence. West Virginia Conservation 21(4): 19-20. Kittams, Walter H. 1939. Deer damage and control in cultivated crops and orchards in Maine. Master's Thesis. Univ. of Maine, Orono. 76pp. Klimstra, W. D., and Keith Thomas. 1964. Effects of deer browsing on soybean plants. Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge. Trans. Illinois State Academy Sci. 57(3) : 179-181. 31 Krefting, Laurits W. 1953. Deer damage to a jack pine plantation in Michigan. U. S. Forest Service, Lake States Forest Expt. Sta., Tech. Notes No. 387. p. 1. Krefting, Laurits W., and Joseph H. Stoeckeler. 1953. Effect of simulated snowshoe hare and deer damage on planted conifers in the Lake States. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 17 (4) :487-494. Krefting, L. W., and John L. Arend. 1960. Effect of deer browsing on a young jack pine plantation in northern lower Michigan. U. S. Forest Service, Lake States Forest Expt. Sta., Tech. Notes No. 586. 2pp. Leffler, Ross L. 1949. Our deer herd and its effect on the management of food and cover for wildlife. Pennsylvania Game News 20(6) :3-5, 32. Little, S., and H. A. Somes. 1965. Atlantic white-cedar being eliminated by excessive animal damage in south Jersey. U. S. Forest Service, Research Note N. E. - 33. 3pp. McCain, Randal. 1940. Some effects of heavy deer concentrations on plant growth in the Allegheny National Forest. Pennsylvania Game News 11 (10):10, 29. McCullough, James M. 1952. An appraisal of deer damage to natural forest reproduction on fenced and unfenced plots in selected localities in Pennsylvania. Master's Thesis. Pennsylvania State Coll., University Park. 83pp. McCullough, J. M. 1952. Deer or timber. Pennsylvania Game News 23(6): 30-35. McDowell, Robert D., and Harold W. Pillsbury. 1959. Wildlife damage to crops in the United States. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 23(2) : 240-241. McNeel, Wakelin, Jr., and John Kennedy. 1959. Prevention of browsing of deer in a pine plantation. J. of Wildlife Mgmt. 23(4) : 450-451 . Mills, E. M. 1938. Protecting orchard trees from deer. U. S. Dept. of Agr., Bur. of Biol. Survey, Wildl. Research and Mgmt. Leaflet BS-117. 5pp . Mimeo . Morriss, D. J. 1954. Correlation of wildlife management with other uses on the Pisgah National Forest. J. of Forestry 52(6) :419-422. Morse, Marius, and Don Ledin. 1958. Deer, apples and exploders. Conserv. Volunteer 21 (121) : 29-31 . Neils, George, Lowell Adams, and Robert M. Blair. 1956. Management of white-tailed deer and ponderosa pine. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 20:539-551 and J. of Forestry 54:238-242. Pasto, Jerome K. , and D. Woods Thomas. 1954. Deer damage to farm crops. Pennsylvania Game News 25 (11) : 22-28. 32 Pasto, Jerome K. , and D. Woods Thomas. 1954. The dollar side of deer damage to farm crops. Pennsylvania Game News 25 (12) : 37-43. Powell, Stephen E. 1949. Crop protection through a new deer repellent spray. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 14:567-575. Radwan, M. A. 1963. Protecting forest trees and their seed from wild mammals. U. S. Forest Service, Research Paper PNW No. 6. 28pp. Reynolds, Hudson G., and R. Roy Johnson. 1964. Habitat realtions of ver- tebrates of the Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest. U. S. Forest Ser- vice, Research Paper R.M. - 4. 16pp. Roberts, Harvey A. 1964. Pennsylvania's 45 years of deer damage control - decades of deer damage. Pennsylvania Game News 35 (4): 12-15. Seamans, Roger A. 1947. The time is nowl Vermont Fish and Game Serv., State Bull. P.-R. Project 1-R, Series 15. 48pp. Seamans, Roger A. 1951. Electric fences for the control of deer damage. Vermont Fish and Game Service, P.-R. Series No. 16. 77pp. Stoeckeler, J. H. , R. 0. Strothman, and L. W. Krefting. 1957. Effect of deer browsing on reproduction in the northern hardwood-hemlock type in northeastern Wisconsin. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 21:75-80. Swift, E. 1953. Modification of forest practices in the Lake States for wildlife habitat betterment. J. of Forestry 51(6) : 440 -443. Switzenberg, D. F., Thomas C. Nelson, and B. G. Jenkins. 1955. Effect of deer browsing on quality of hardwood timber in northern Michigan. Forest Science 1(1): 61-67. Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Comm. 1945. Principal game birds and mammals of Texas . 149pp. Thomas, D. Woods. 1954. An economic analysis of deer damage to farm crops and income from hunters, Potter and Monroe Counties, Pennsyl- vania, 1951. Doctor's Thesis. Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. 370pp. The Timberman. 1955. The increasing problem of deer damage. 56(1):48-51. Virginia Commission of Game and Inland Fisheries. 1948. New electric deer fence. Virginia Wildl. 9 (10): 23. Virginia Commission of Game and Inland Fisheries. 1955. Bone tar oil sprays repel deer. Virginia Wildl. 16 (2): 25. Webb, William L. 1957. Interpretation of overbrowsing in northeastern forests. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 21(1) : 101-103. 33 Weiss, Siegfried. 1940. A simple deer repellent for coniferous plantations. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 4(l):77-79. Western Forestry and Conserv. Assoc, undated. There's trouble in the woods. Northwest Forest Pest Control Council, Portland, Oregon. 15pp. Wright, Charles W. 1950. A survey of white- tailed (Odocoileus virginianus subsp.) damage, damage control methods and population characteristics in New Jersey. New Jersey Division of Fish and Game. Final Rept. P.-R. Project 21-R-2. 71pp. COVER TYPE USE Bailey, James A., and Maurice M. Alexander. 1960. Use of closed conifer plantations by wildlife. New York Fish and Game J. 7(2) : 130-148. Banasiak, Chester F. 1956. Winter deer yard inventory and evaluation. Maine Dept. Inland Fisheries and Game, Augusta. P.-R. Rept. 29pp. Mimeo . Banasiak, Chester F. 1957. Winter deer yard inventory and evaluation. Maine Dept. Inland Fisheries and Game, Augusta. P.-R. Rept. 16pp. Mimeo . Bramble, W. C, and W. R. Byrnes. 1958. Use of a powerline right-of-way by game after chemical brush control. Pennsylvania Game News 29(9): 19-25. Christensen, Earl M. 1962. Classification of the winter habitats of the white-tailed deer in northern Wisconsin based on forest ordination. Ecology 43(1): 134-135. Christensen, E. M. 1954. A phytosociological study of the winter range of deer of northern Wisconsin. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Wiscon- sin, Madison. 173pp. Davison, Verne E., and Karl E. Graetz. 1957. Managing habitat for white- tailed deer and wild turkey. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 22:412-424. DeVos, Antoon. 1958. The influence of browsing animals on forest regen- eration. Forestry Chronicle 34(1): 21-24. Dyer, Harold Jacobsen. 1948. Preliminary plan for wildlife management on Baxter State Park. Master's Thesis. Univ. of Maine, Orono. 79pp. Gill, John D. 1957. Review of deer yard management, 1956. Maine Dept. Inland Fisheries and Game, Game Division Bull. No. 5. 61pp. Habeck, James Robert. 1959. The ecology of white cedar swamps in north- ern Wisconsin with special attention to their role as winter deer range. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison. 53pp. 34 Habeck, James R. 1960. Winter deer activity in the white cedar swamps of northern Wisconsin. Ecology 41 (2) : 327-333. Halls, Lowell K. , and Hewlette S. Crawford, Jr. 1960. Deer forest habitat relationships in north Arkansas. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 24(4) : 387-395 . Krefting, Laurits W., and Milton H. Stenlui.d. 1951. Poor winter yards - fewer deer. Conserv. Volunteer 14:16-20. Krull, John N. 1964. Deer use of a commercial clear-cut area. New York Fish and Game J. 11 (2) : 115-118. Leopold, A. Starker. 1950. Deer in relation to plant successions. J. of Forestry 48(10) :675-678 and Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 15:571- 580. Means, Harland. 1948. State-wide big game survey. P.-R. Quarterly 8 (3):334-335. Riley, Charles Victor. 1952. An evaluation of reclaimed coal strip mined lands as wildlife habitat. Ph.D. Thesis. Ohio State University, Columbus . 289pp . Sanders, C. L., Jr. 1963. Habitat preferences of the white-tailed deer and several exotic ungulates in south Texas. Ecology 44 (4) : 803 -806. Shaw, Harley G. 1962. Seasonal habitat use by white-tailed deer in the Hatter Creek enclosure. Master's Thesis. Univ. of Idaho, Moscow. 52pp. Smith, A. E. 1955. The Flag River deer yard. Wisconsin Conservation Bull. 20:25-27. Smith, Robert Leo. 1956. An evaluation of conifer plantations as wild- life habitat. Ph.D. Thesis. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. 245pp . Stoeckeler, J. H. , and John W. Macon. 1956. Regeneration of aspen cut- over areas in northern Wisconsin. J. of Forestry 54(1): 13-16. Webb, W. L., Ralph T. King, and Earl F. Patric. 1956. Effect of white- tailed deer on a mature northern hardwood forest. J. of Forestry 54(6):391-398. Westell, Casey E., Jr. 1955. Ecological relationships between deer and forests in lower Michigan. Proceedings Society of Am. Foresters. pp. 130-132. Westell, Casey E. 1960. The ecology of deer and aspen in lower Michigan. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 164pp. 35 PREDATION Brazda, R. R. 1957. Dogs versus deer. North Dakota Outdoors 19(7): 17. Dearborn, Ned. 1932. Foods of some predatory fur-bearing animals in Michigan. Univ. of Michigan, School of Forestry and Conserv., Ann Arbor. Bull. 1. 52pp. Dill, Herbert H. 1947. Bobcat preys on deer. J. of Mammalogy 28(1): 63. Hamilton, W. J., Jr., and Russell P. Hunter. 1939. Fall and winter foods of Vermont bobcats. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 3(2):99-103. Knowlton, Frederick. Frank. 1964. Aspects of coyote predation in south Texas with special reference to white-tailed deer. Ph.D. Thesis. Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana. 208pp. Marston, Merwin A. 1942. Winter relations of bobcats to white-tailed deer in Maine. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 6(4) :328-337 . Newsom, William Monypeny. 1930. The common bobcat a deer killer. Am. Game 19(2): 42, 50. Pollack, E. Michael. 1949. The ecology of the bobcat (Lynx rufus rufus Schreber) in New England States. Master's Thesis. Univ. of Massa- chusetts, Amherst. 120pp. Rollings, Clair T. 1945. Habits, foods and parasites of the bobcat in Minnesota. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 9(2) : 131-145. Smith, Bertrand E. 1945. Wildcat predation on deer. J. of Mammalogy 26(4): 439-440. Stebler, A. M. 1944. The status of the wolf in Michigan. J. of Mam- malogy 25(l):37-43. Stenlund, Milton H. 1955. A field study of the timber wolf (Can is lupus) on the Superior National Forest, Minnesota. Minnesota Dept. of Conserv., Bull. No. 4. 55pp. Thompson, Daniel Q. 1952. Travel, range, and food habits of timber wolves in Wisconsin. J. of Mammalogy 33 (4) :429-442. Ward, Larry. 1954. Deer or dogs in southern West Virginia? West Virginia Conserv. 18 (6): 3-5. Westfall, Claude Z. 1956. Foods eaten by bobcats in Maine. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 20 (2): 199-200. Wisconsin Conserv. Dept. 1944. Six points of deer policy. Wisconsin Conserv. Bull. 9(11): 10. Young, Stanley P., and Edward A. Goldman. 1944. The wolves of North America. Am. Wildl. Institute, Washington, D. C. 360pp. 36 HUNTING AND POPULATION CONTROL Allen, Durward L. .1948. Does ain't deer. Sports Afield 120 (6) : 19-21, 90-91. Allen, Durward L. 1958. How our game laws waste deer. Field and Stream 63(6):51-53, 104-106, 108. Banasiak, Chester F. 1956. Facts behind the deer season recommendations. Maine Dept. Inland Fisheries and Game, Augusta. 14pp. Benson, Fred C, Jr. 1959. An analysis of Connecticut's free deer per- mit system. Master's Thesis. Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs . 7pp. Buechner, Helmut K. 1953. Does are deer. Am. Rifleman 101 (4) : 24-27, 65-67. Bunn, Lowell. 1956. States favor either-sex deer hunts. Wisconsin Conserv. Bull. 21 (12) : 10-13 . Burcalow, Donald W., and William H. Marshall. 1958. Deer numbers, kill and recreational use on an intensively managed forest. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 22 (2): 141-148. Carroll, Theron D. 1957. Antlerless deer harvest (the first three years). Texas Game and Fish Coram. Bull. No. 37. 26pp. Chiavetta, Kenneth J. 1958. Harvest antlerless deer. Wildlife in North Carolina 22 (7): 16-19. Darrow, Robert W. 1955. Deer hunting - then and now. New York State Conserv. 10(1): 19-23. DeBoer, Stanley G. 1958. Less waste in the woods. Wisconsin Conserv. Bull. 23(10) :13-17. Dumont, Philip A., and William Krummes . 1941. Removing surpluses from national wildlife refuges. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 6:348-353. East, Ben. 1963. The deer war. Outdoor Life. 132(6) : 17-19, 111-114. Eberhardt, Lee. 1958. Deer in 1958 - significance of recent information. Michigan Dept. Conserv., Game Division, Information Circ. 113. 24pp. Edminster, Frank C. 1954. Hunting whitetails. Wm. Morrow and Company, New York. 192pp. Engle, J. W., and P. J. Hanlon. 1952. Knowledge gained at the Big Levels managed hunt. Virginia Wildl. 8 (5): 10-13. Fobes, Charles B. 1945. Weather and the kill of white-tailed deer in Maine. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 9(l):76-78. Gill, John. 1953. Remarks on the analysis of kill-curves of female deer. Proceedings 9th Annual Conf. Northeastern Section, Wildl. Society. 12pp. 37 Gordon, Seth. 1942. Pennsylvania bags 700,000 deer j.n ten years. Penn- sylvania Game News 13(4) :3, 26-27, 29. Hamilton, Rex. 1964. Controlled deer hunts on military reservations in Indiana (abstract). Midwest Wildl. Conf. pp. 35-36. James, George A., Frank M. Johnson, and Frank B. Barick. 1964. Relations between hunter access and deer kill in North Carolina. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. and Natural Resources Conf. 29:454-463. Keener, John M. 1956. A new deal for deer and hunter. Wisconsin Conserv. Bull. 21(12):3-9. Krefting, Laurits W., A. B. Erickson, and V. E. Gunvalson. 1955. Results of controlled deer hunts on the Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 19(3) : 346-352. Krefting, Laurits W. , and Arnold B. Erickson. 1956. Results of special deer hunts on the Mud Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Minnesota. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 20:297-302. Leffler, Ross L. 1951. Too many deer - in 1928. Pennsylvania Game News 22(9):21-25. Longhurst, W. M. 1957. The effectiveness of hunting in controlling big game populations in North America. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 22: 544-596. Maguire, H. F., and C. W. Severinghaus . 1954. Wariness as an influence on age composition of white-tailed deer killed by hunters. New York Fish and Game J. 1(1): 98-109. Mattfeld, George Francis. 1964. Kinds of land used by deer hunters in Michigan with methodology and analysis of data collection. Master's Thesis. Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor. 93pp. McCain, Randal. 1941. Removing surplus deer by hunting. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 6:332-338. McCormack, Roger. 1958. Deer tagging in relation to harvest management on the Boise Management Unit. Proceedings 38th Annual Conf. Western Assoc. State Game and Fish Comm. pp. 231-234. McNeil, Richard J., and Leland M. Queal. 1964. Landowner attitudes toward deer in areas of hunted and non-hunted deer populations (abstract) . Midwest Wildlife Conference, p. 34. Nelson, Urban E. 1944. Losses of crippled deer. Conserv. Volunteer, St. Paul 7(43): 34 -35. Pasto, Jerome K., and D. Woods Thomas. 1955. The business side of deer hunting. Pennsylvania Game News 26(1): 23-30. 38 Ramsey, Robert H. 1956. Kill more does - have more bucks. Texas Game and Fish. 14(5) :4-5, 26-27. Sanders, Roy Dale. 1939. Results of a study of the harvesting of white- tail deer in the Chequamegon National Forest. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 4:449-553. Schofield, Raymond D. 1960. Determining hunting season waste of deer by following fox trails. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 24(3) : 342-344. Severinghaus , C. W. 1955. Fawn weights in relation to regulations for taking antler less deer. New York Fish and Game J. 2 (2): 247. Severinghaus, C. W. 1963. Effectiveness of archery in controlling deer abundance on the Howland Island game management area. New York Fish and Game J. 10(2) : 186-193. Severinghaus, C. W., and C. P. Brown. 1956. Hunting accidents in relation to types of deer seasons. New York Fish and Game J. 3(1): 88-92. Severinghaus, C. W. , and Stuart Free. 1963. Management implications of the trend and distribution of the legal deer kill in the Adirondack Region. New York Fish and Game J. 10(2) : 201-214. Siegler, Hilbert R. 1951. Has the lack of a buck law harmed New Hampshire's deer herd? Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 16:472-491. Smith, Norman F. 1948. Controlled burning in Michigan's forest and game management programs. Proceedings Society of Am. Foresters 1947. pp. 200-205. Stenlund, M. H. , Marius A. Morse, Donald W. Burcalow, John L. Zorichak, and Bernard A. Nelson. 1952. White-tailed deer bag checks, Gegoka Manage- ment Unit, Superior National Forest. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 16:58-63. Swank, Wendell G. 1962. Manipulation of hunting regulations as a manage- ment measure, J. of Forestry 60(1): 30-32. Swift, Ernest. 1952. Deer herd control methods and their results. Wis- consin Cons er v. Bull. 17(l):3-9. Van Etten, R. C. 1957. Controlled deer hunting in a square-mile enclosure. Michigan Dept. of Conserv., Game Division Report No. 2157, Lansing. 9pp . Mimeo . Van Etten, R. C, D. F. Switzenberg, and Lee Eberhardt. 1965. Controlled deer hunting in a square-mile enclosure. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 29(1): 59-73. Welch, Jack F. 1948. Summary of deer control studies. U. S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildl. Service. 8pp. Mimeo. Westerkov, Kaj . 1951. Observations on deer kill under different systems of hunting. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 15(l):27-32. 39 POPULATION DYNAMICS Adams, William Hensley, Jr. 1959. Population ecology and management of white-tailed deer in the Choccolocco wildlife management area, Alabama. Ph.D. Thesis. Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn. 117pp. Adams, William H. , Jr. 1960. Population ecology of white-tailed deer in northeastern Alabama. Ecology 41 (4) : 706-715 . Arnold, David A., and Louis J. Verme. 1963. Ten year's observation of an enclosed deer herd in northern Michigan. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. and Natural Resources Conf. 28:422-430. Barick, Frank B. 1958. A study in deer productivity. Wildl. in North Carolina . 22 (6) : 6-10 . Blouch, Ralph I. 1961. Winter deer mortality on two private hunting clubs. Papers Michigan Academy Sci., Arts and Letters 46:277-287. Burgin, Bryan E. 1964. Second deadliest deerslayer - the automobile. New York Conserv. 19(2):2-3. Chase, W. W. , and D. H. Jenkins. 1962. Productivity of the George Reserve deer herd. Proceedings Natl. Deer Disease Symposium 1:78-87. Cheatum, E. L. 1947. White-tail fertility. New York State Conserv. 1(5): 18, 32. Davey, Stuart P. 1957. Fertility and rearing success measurements on Virginia's deer herds. Proceedings 10th Annual Conf. Southeastern Assoc. Game and Fish Comm. pp. 47-51. Eberhardt, Lester Lee. 1960. Estimation of vital characteristics of Michigan deer herds. Ph.D. Thesis. Michigan State University, East Lansing. 206pp. Eberhardt, Lee. 1960. Estimation of vital characteristics of Michigan deer herds. Michigan Dept. of Conserv., Game Division, Lansing, Rept. No. 2282. 192pp. Gerstell, Richard. 1936. Sex ratio of white-tail deer progeny. Pennsyl- vania Game News 7(5): 6-9. Gilbert, F. F. 1964. Aging criteria for the white-tailed deer. Honors Thesis. Acadia Univ., Wolfville, N. S. 21pp. Gilbert, Frederick F. 1966. Aging white-tailed deer by annuli in the cementum of the first incisor. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 30(1) :200-202. Gill, John. 1956. Regional differences in size and productivity of deer in West Virginia. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 20(3) : 286-292. Gunvalson, Vernon E., Arnold B. Erickson, and Donald W. Burcalow. 1952. Hunting season statistics as an index to range conditions and deer population fluctuations in Minnesota. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 16(2): 121- 131. 40 Hayne, Don W., and Lee Eberhardt. 1952. Notes on the estimation of sur- vival rates from age distributions of deer. Presented at 14th Midwest Wildl. Conf. Upp. (unnumbered). Hesselton, William T., C. W. Sever inghaus , and John E. Tanck. 1965. Population dynamics of deer at the Seneca Army Depot. New York Fish and Game J. 12(1): 17-30. Hickie, Paul. 1937. Four deer produce 160 in six seasons. Michigan Conserv. 7(3): 6-7, 11. Illige, Denis. 1951. An analysis of the reproductive pattern of white- tail deer in south Texas. J. of Mammalogy 32(4) :411-421 . Jenkins, David Hall. 1964. The productivity and management of deer on the Edwin S. George Reserve, Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 203pp. Kelker, George Hills. 1945. Measurement and interpretation of forces that determine populations of managed deer herds. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 443pp. Kelker, George Hills. 1952. Yield tables for big game herds. J. of Forestry 50(3) : 206-207. Lantz, David E. 1910. Raising deer and other large game animals in the United States. U. S. Dept. of Agr . , Biol. Survey Bull. 36. 59pp. Leopold, Aldo. 1943. Deer irruptions. Trans. Wisconsin Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 35:351-366. Low, W. A., and I. McT. Cowan. 1963. Age determination of deer by an- nular structure of dental cementum. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 27(3) :466- 471. Martin, F. R., and L. W. Krefting. 1953. The Necedah Refuge deer irrup- tion. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 17 (2) : 166-176. McDowell, Robert D. 1959. Embryo counts as a measure of white-tailed deer productivity. Northeastern Section Wildl. Society. 5pp. Mimeo . McDowell, Robert D. 1959. Relationship of maternal age to prenatal sex ratios in white-tailed deer. Proceedings Northeastern Section, Wildl. Society, pp. 1-6. McDowell, Robert D. 1960. Relation of maternal age to prenatal sex ratios in white-tailed deer (report II). Proceedings Northeastern Section, Wildl. Society. 4pp. Mimeo. McLaughlin, C. L. 1948. The effect of the Quabbin Reservation on deer populations in the adjoining towns. Proceedings Northeastern Game Conf., Massachusetts Fish and Game Assoc, Boston, pp. 38-40. 41 McNeil, Richard J. 1962. Population dynamics and economic impact of deer in southern Michigan. Dept. of Conserv., Game Division, Rept. No. 2395. 143pp. McNeil, Richard Jerome. 1963. Population dynamics and economic impact of deer in southern Michigan. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 191pp. Morton, Glenn H. , and E. L. Cheatum. 1946. Regional differences in breed- ing potential of white-tailed deer in New York. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 10 (3): 242-248. Noble, Robert E. 1962. Progress report on white-tailed deer productivity studies in Mississippi. Proceedings Annual Conf . Southeastern Assoc. Game and Fish Comm. 14:53-60. O'Roke, E. C., and F. N. Hamerstrom, Jr. 1948. Productivity and yield of the George Reserve deer herd. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 12(1): 78-86. Palmer, Ralph S. 1951. The white-tail deer of Tomhegan camps. Maine, with added notes on fecundity. J. of Mammalogy 32(3) :267-279. Quillen, John Henry, Jr. 1959. Deer density and distribution in rela- tion to natural and management modified environmental factors. Mas- ter's Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg. 114pp. Quillen, John H. , Jr. 1959. Effect of forestry practices and wildlife management on abundance and distribution of deer. Virginia J. Sci. 10(4): 262. Quillen, John H. , Jr. 1959. The effect of forestry practices and wildlife management on abundance and distribution of deer. Virginia Coopera- tive Wildl. Research Unit, Blacksburg, Release No. 59-9. 4pp. Ransom, A. Brian. 1966. Determining age of white-tailed deer from layers in cementum of molars. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 30(1) :197-199. Robinson, R. M. , J. W. Thomas, and R. G. Marburger. 1965. The reproduc- tive cycle of male white-tailed deer in central Texas. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 29(l):53-59. Ryel, L. A., L. D. Fay, and R. C. Van Etten. 1960. Validity of age deter- mination in Michigan deer. Michigan Academy of Sci., Arts and Letters 46:289-316. Severinghaus , C. W. 1947. Relationship of weather to winter mortality and population levels among deer in the Adirondack region of New York. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 12:212-223. Severinghaus, C. W. 1951. A study of productivity and mortality of coralled deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 15(l):73-80. 42 Severinghaus , C. W., H. F. Maguire, R. A. Cookingham, and J. E. Tanck. 1950. Variations by age class in the antler beam diameters of white- tailed deer related to range conditions. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 15:551-570. Severinghaus, C. W., and John E. Tanck. 1964. Productivity and growth of white-tailed deer from the Adirondack region of New York. New York Fish and Game J. 11(1): 13-27. Taylor, Walter P., and Henry C. Hahn. 1947. Die-offs among the white- tailed deer in the Edwards Plateau of Texas. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. ll(4):317-323. Thomas, D. Woods, and Jerome K. Paste 1955. A theoretical framework for understanding the deer management problems. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 19(1): 143-147. Verme, Louis J. 1962. Fecundity in a Michigan white-tailed deer. J. of Mammalogy 43 (1) : 112-113. Verme, Louis J. 1965. Reproduction studies on penned white-tailed deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 29(1): 74-79. CENSUS Adams, Harry E. 1938. Deer census and kill records of the Lake States. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 3:287-295. Bennett, Logan J., and P. F. English. 1939. Census technique for white- tailed deer in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania State Coll., School of Agr . and Expt. Sta., Progress Repts. on Wildl. Research Projects, pp. 10-11. Bennett, Logan J., P. F. English, and Randal McCain. 1940. A study of deer populations by use of pellet-group counts. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 4(4): 3 98 -403. Couey, F. W. 1951. Big game census techniques in Montana. Proceedings Annual Conf. Western Assoc. State Game and Fish Commissioners 31: 153-157. Davenport, L. A. 1948. Game counts can be made from the air. Michigan Conserv., Lansing 17(1): 7, 14-15. Diem, Kenneth L. 1954. Use of a deer call as a means of locating deer fawns. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 18(4) : 537-538. Eberhardt, Lee, and Robert C. Van Etten. 1956. Evaluation of the pellet- group count as a deer census method. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 20(1) :70- 74. 43 Eberhardt, Lee. 1957. The 1956 and 1957 pellet-group surveys. Michigan Dept. of Conserv., Lansing, Game Division Rept. No. 2133. 37pp. Mimeo . Erickson, Arnold B. 1940. Notes on a method for censusing white-tailed deer in the spring and summer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 4(1): 15-18. Hahn, Henry C, Jr. 1949. A method of censusing deer and its application in the Edwards Plateau of Texas. Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Coram. P.-R. Project 25P. 24pp. Processed. Hosley, N. W. (Chairman). 1936. Forest wildlife census methods appli- cable to New England conditions. J. of Forestry 34(5) : 467-471. Howe, D. L. 1954. A comparison of deer census methods in the Rifle River area. Master's Thesis. Michigan State University, East Lansing. 33pp. Jahn, Laurence R. 1959. Highway mortality as an index of deer population change. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 23 (2) : 187-197 . Johnson, Frank M. , and Robert L. Downing. 1962. Preliminary investi- gations of deer census techniques applicable to the Southeast. Proceedings Society of Am. Foresters, pp. 162-165. Rabat, Cyril, Nicholas E. Collias, and Ralph C. Guettinger. 1953. Some winter habits of white-tailed deer and the development of census methods in the Flag yard of northern Wisconsin. Wisconsin Conserv. Dept., Tech. Wildl. Bull. No. 7. 32pp. Keener, John. 1961. How many deer? Wisconsin Conserv. Bull. 26(3): 17- 19. Krefting, L. W., and C. J. Shiue . 1960. Counting deer pellet groups with a multiple -random start systematic sample. Minnesota Forestry Notes, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, No. 89. 2pp. Krefting, Laurits W., and Jack B. Fletcher. 1941. Notes on the cruising method of censusing white-tailed deer in Oklahoma. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 5 (4): 412-4 14. Lake States Forest Expt. Sta. 1935. Morning versus evening deer counts. Forest Research Digest, January, p. 8. McCutchen, A. A. 1938. Preliminary results of wildlife census based on actual counts as compared to previous estimates on national forests, Region 2. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 3:407-414. Morse, Marius A. 1943. Technique for reducing manpower in the deer drive census. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 7 (2) : 217-220. Morse, Marius A. 1946. Censusing big game from the air. Conserv. Vol- unteer, St. Paul. 9 (52) : 29-33. 44 Olson, Herman F. 1938. Deer tagging and population studies in Minnesota. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 3:280-286. Patric, E. F., and R. W. Bernhardt. 1960. Persistence of winter deer- pellet groups in Adirondack forests. New York Fish and Game J. 7 (l):80-82. Petrides, George A. 1953. Aerial deer counts. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 17 (l):97-98. Progulske, D. R., and D. C. Duerre. 1964. Factors influencing spotlight- ing counts of deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 28(l):27-34. Rogers, Glenn, Odell Julander, and W. Leslie Robinette. 1958. Pellet- group counts for deer census and range-use index. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 22(2):193-199. Ruff, Frederick J. 1939. Region 8 technique of wildlife inventory. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 4:542-545. Ryel, Lawrence A. 1958. Statistical data on the 1958 deer pellet-group surveys. Michigan Dept. of Conserv., Lansing, Game Division Rept. No. 2193. 40pp. Mimeo. Ryel, Lawrence A. 1959. Deer pellet-group surveys on an area of known herd size. Michigan Dept. of Conserv., Lansing, Game Division Rept. No. 2252. 26pp. Mimeo. Sanderson, Glen C. 1953. Aerial deer survey. Iowa Conserv. 12(1) :98. Saugstad, Stanley. 1942. Aerial census of big game in North Dakota. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 7:343-356. Schrader, Thomas A. 1944. Roadside deer counts as an emergency census method. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 9:150-155. Severinghaus, C. W. 1961. A method for determining the frequency of winter-killed deer per square mile. New York Fish and Game J. 8 (1): 61-63. Sittler, 0. Dayle. 1965. Theoretical basis for estimating deer popula- tion from automatically collected data. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 29(2): 381-387. Stevens, Clark L. 1953. Use of checking station data in determining the size of the New Hampshire deer herd. Proceedings Annual Conf., Northeastern Section, Wildl. Society 9:1-5. Tyson, Edwin L. 1952. Estimating deer populations from tracks. Proceed- ings Southeastern Assoc, of Game and Fish Comm. 15pp. Mimeo. Tyson, Edwin L. 1959. A deer drive vs. track census. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 24:457-464. 45 Van Etten, Robert C, and Carl L. Bennett, Jr. 1965. Some sources of error in using pellet-group counts for censusing deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 29(4): 723-729. Verme, Louis J. 1962. An automatic tagging device for deer. J, of Wildl. Mgmt. 26(l):387-392. Wallmo,0. C, A. W. Jackson, T. L. Hailey, and R. L. Carlisle. 1962. Influence of rain on the count of deer pellet groups. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 26(1): 50-55. Webb, William L. 1943. Trapping and marking white-tailed deer. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 7 (3): 346-348. Whitlock, S. C, and Lee Eberhardt. 1956. Large-scale dead deer sur- veys: methods, results and management implications. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 21:555-566. Wright, Charles W. 1954. Roadside track counts as a census method for white-tailed deer in southern New Jersey. New Jersey Division of Fish and Game. 17pp. Mimeo. Wright, Charles W. 1960. Population census of deer in New Jersey in 1959. Proceedings Northeastern Section Wildl. Society. 19pp. Mimeo . MISCELLANEOUS Chapman, Floyd B. 1956. Some behavior characteristics of mammals useful in management. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 20(3) : 293-297 . Cook, David B. 1953. Chemi-peeling and wildlife. New York State Conserv. 7(6) :8. Cowan, I. McT. 1962. Hybridization between the black-tail deer and the white-tail deer. J. of Mammalogy 43(4) : 539-541 . Green, Houston. 1963. New technique for using the cap-chur gun. J. of Wildl. Mgmt. 27 (2): 292-296. Scott, W. E. 1948. Administrator's dilemma -- sportsmen's burden. Michigan Conserv. 17(11) :6-7, 12-13. Stockstad, D. S., Melvin S. Morris, and Earl C. Lory. 1953. Chemical characteristics of natural licks used by big game animals in western Montana. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 18:247-258. Wright, Bruce S. 1951. Some forest wildlife problems in New Brunswick. Forestry Chronicle 27 (4): 330-334. ft U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE t MB 0— 289-0B8 46 The Department of the Interior, created in 1849, is a Department of Conservation, concerned with management, conservation, and develop- ment of the Nation's water, wildlife, fish, mineral, forest, and park and recreational resources. It has major responsibilities also for Indian and Territorial affairs. As America's principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are conserved for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, pros- perity, and security of the United States, now and in the future. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE WASHINGTON. D. C. 20240