BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 9999 06317f722/2wRN|NG DQy^ STATUS REpQRT ¥1 /s/3: \972 m UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE Special Scientific Report-Wildlife No. 176 VMAY2 81974 Derail » ^ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife MOURNING DOVE STATUS REPORT, 1972 Compiled by James L. Ruos Office of Migratory Bird Management Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Special Scientific Report — Wildlife No. 176 Washington, D.C. • 1974 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Price 75 cents Stock Number 2410-00381 CONTENTS Abstract • iv Introduction 1 Procedures 1 The Call-Count Survey 1 Quality checks of field data 2 Randomization of call-count routes 2 Breeding Density Index Determination of population changes 2 Determination of changes in factors associated with the survey . . 6 Statistical evaluation of data 6 Determination of population distribution 6 Findings Status of the United States dove population 1972 population distribution 1971 to 1972 population changes 1962 to 1972 long-term population trends 7 Status of the Eastern Management Unit population 1972 population distribution 12 1971 to 1972 population changes 12 1962 to 1972 long-term population trends 12 Status of the Central Management Unit population 1972 population distribution 19 1971 to 1972 population changes 19 1962 to 1972 long-term population trends 19 Status of the Western Management Unit population 1972 population distribution 20 1971 to 1972 population changes 20 1962 to 1972 long-term population trends 20 Statistical significance of data 1971 to 1972 population changes 21 1962 to 1972 long-term population trends 21 Acknowledgments 21 Literature Cited 22 Tables 23 in ABSTRACT Mourning dove population indices, as determined from the nationwide Call-Count Survey, increased from 1971 to 1972 by 2 percent in the Eastern Management Unit, by 17 percent in the Central Management Unit, and by 12 percent in the Western Management Unit. The changes were not statistically significant. The 1972 indices were below the 10-year means, 1962-71, by 3 percent in the Eastern Unit and 13 percent in the Western Unit, but were 2 percent above the 10-year mean in the Central Unit. Regression analyses of the call-count data for 1962-72 indicate a statistically significant downward trend in dove breeding populations in all management units; mean rates of decline per year were 1 percent in the Eastern, 2 percent in the Central, and 4 percent in the Western Unit. Changes in the population indices are described by State and physio- graphic region. For the southern two-thirds of the United States, the 1972 indices were generally higher than those of 1971, except for the Atlantic States from Virginia to Georgia, where they were lower. In the northern one-third of the Nation, no appreciable change in population level occurred. Regression analyses of 11 years' data, 1962-72, indicate a statistically significant downward trend in population in much of the area represented by the mid-Atlantic, Great Plains, and Pacific States. Trends are signifi- cantly upward in eight widely distributed midlatitude States. iv INTRODUCTION Management of mourning doves in the United States essentially involves the regulation of hunting to achieve proper harvest. The Call-Count Survey, conducted annually since 1953 by Federal, State, and independent observers, provides population index data on which wildlife administrators rely in setting annual regulations. This report describes the methods employed to obtain and analyze those data and presents the status of the breeding popu- lation of mourning doves in 1972. Two versions of the dove status report, one preliminary and one final, are prepared annually. In 1972 the preliminary report was mailed to members of the Dove Regulations Committee a week before the regulations meeting in June in Washington, D.C. This timely distribution was made possible by the promptness of cooperators in sending their data directly to the Migratory Bird Populations Station immediately after completion of their surveys. The present report is the final version and contains additional survey data received too late for use in the preliminary report. Basic data gathering and analyzing procedures used in this report were similar to those used in 1971 (Ruos 1972), although several changes in data analysis have been made. PROCEDURES The Call-Count Survey Field studies have demonstrated the feasibility of the Call-Count Survey as a method for detecting annual changes in mourning dove breeding populations (Foote and Peters 1952). Since 1953, these surveys have been conducted throughout the United States on more than 800 established routes. Each call- count route has twenty 3-minute listening stations spaced at 1-mile intervals; the routes are usually on lightly traveled secondary roads. Each route is checked once between May 20 and June 10 . Beginning in 1972, cooperators were instructed to run their routes between May 20 and May 31. An extension to June 10 was provided for cooperators unable to complete their assignments during the desired survey period. Intensive studies in the eastern United States (Foote and Peters 1952) indicated that dove calling is relatively stable during the survey period. Call-count Surveys are not made when wind velocities exceed 12 miles per hour or when it is raining. Records are kept on all doves seen or heard calling along the routes . The numbers of doves heard calling during the 3-minute listening periods are used for determining the population index. The numbers of calls per dove, and of doves seen, are not currently used in the index calculation, but they are recorded. A detailed analysis of these supplementary data from past call counts has been completed (manuscript in preparation) . Routes on which no doves were heard or seen for 2 successive years are identified as Automatic Zero Routes. Once designated, these routes are no longer run annually. Nevertheless, they continue to be included in the survey analysis. Automatic Zero Routes are subject to periodic reexamination. Quality checks of field data As in previous years (Ruos 1972) , all 1972 survey reports were examined for accuracy, completeness, and data comparability between identical routes run in both the current and preceding years . Year-to-year differences in quality check criteria have prevailed since establishment of the nationwide survey. These criteria were standardized in 1972. Data from the 1966-67- through 1971-72 analysis were reexamined employing these standardized quality checks. The results of these analyses are presented in Table 3 for States and management units. Randomization of call-count routes The original Call-Count Survey routes, established between 1951 and 1956, were frequently selected in areas of high dove density. These were gradually replaced by more than 900 randomly selected routes between 1957 and 1970 in all 48 conterminous States (Ruos 1972) . Breeding Density Index The mean number of doves heard calling per route represents the Breeding Density Index (BDI). Before 1966, State indices were represented by unad- justed values. Management unit (Fig. 1) indices, however, were adjusted by the proportional area of dove habitat that each State represented within a management unit. Beginning in 1966, State BDl's were determined from indices within each physiographic region (Fig. 2) weighted by the proportional land area that the region represented within a State. Management unit indices were then obtained from State BDl's adjusted for differences in land area that each State represented within the unit. Current weighting values for States and physiographic regions within management units are shown in Tables 3 and 4 . Determination of population changes Year-to-year changes in breeding population levels were determined from comparable data (Table 1) . Routes run under acceptable conditions, by the same observer in successive years were deemed comparable and data from dif- ferent observers were accepted when changes in number of doves heard did not exceed expected values between years (Ruos 1972) . CO ■U c 3 oo > o a1 •H C M 3 o i 0) M to o CO t to c o 3 a. o a o 60 C •H • C (0 m a) 3 T3 O O S O u-i eg O U CD CO U •H 4J CO CO .-H M « O C >H CO m c •H CU 60 •a co cu a CO 3 01 a> co c/> c o •H 60 CU M O •H x; p. 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IX: XI o 2 Q a. u n) bo "^ i bo X I S J z c u 3 s 4J t4 3 u > u a) u a CU 0 & ■r4 03 y ^< C 0) 0 *j cd cu a to C a tao ■-. 0) CO c c c O — i c 01 O <-" -j a) m — i ■■4 4) "4 DO 3 ■h c a C tO o c > •-* : 03 O 4J C -4 4-> a. CO*-. •M fl 9 9 c Q O 9 C C •r-l ■-. c ■-< CO c 01 3 > +* 3 > W 03 03 0 9 t4 rH .-I 41 >. CO t£8§£ 0 CJ 0 U T3 c a) to CU OJ OB U 01 4-> U m *j *j •O «!) 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W 3 U 3 o o : W Z £ 1 534-326 0-74-2 Long-term population trends were determined by applying the percentage change in the BDI between successive years to a Base Year (BY) index. The year 1967 was selected as the BY for all States except Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The BDI's for this BY were obtained by taking the mean of comparable routes run in 1966 and 1967 (Tables 1, 3) . The four excepted States were assigned a 1971 BY index, representing the mean BDI of comparable routes run in both 1970 and 1971. Data from these four States are included, for the first time, in the Eastern Management Unit and the United States weighted means (Table 3) . Long-term trend data have also been determined for each physiographic region. Yearly BDI's for regions were adjusted to a 1969 BY index repre- senting the mean BDI for routes accepted in 1968, 1969, and 1970 (Table 4). Determination of changes in factors associated with the survey Annual changes in the mean survey date, temperature at the start of the survey, and the percentage of route listening stations with high dis- turbance are presented in Table 2. Analysis of these factors was similar to those described for determining year-to-year changes in the BDI (Ruos 1972) Statistical evaluation of data The Call-Count Survey was designed to detect major-year-to-year changes in the breeding population index within each management unit (Foote 1959) . In recent years, analysis of data revealed that observed differences of about 8, 9, and 13 percent between years within the Eastern, Central, and Western Management Units, respectively, would be statistically significant at the 5-percent level. Although the survey was not designed to detect a change in the BDI between years within States or physiographic regions, data from these areas were also subjected to statistical analysis. Long-term BDI's, adjusted to a BY for all physiographic regions, States, and management units, were examined to determine whether significant trends were present. Trends were determined by linear regression analysis. Determination of population distribution The geographic distribution of dove densities has been determined from a study of BDI values adjusted to a BY for each physiographic region and State. For graphic presentation, the 1972 data have been assigned to one of five density classes. Changes in the adjusted BDI's greater than 10 percent between 1971 and 1972 within physiographic region and State also were determined. FINDINGS A substantial increase was indicated in levels of breeding dove popula- tions over a wide area of the United States between 1971 and 1972. Popula- tion indices increased by 2 percent in the Eastern, 17 percent in the Central, and 12 percent in the Western Unit. Nevertheless, all management unit indices for the 11-year period, 1962-72, are represented by statistically significant downward population trends. The 1972 management unit values are below the preceding 10-year means in the Eastern and Western Units. For the first time in recent years, the 1972 Central Unit index is above this long-term mean. All unit indices are above their 19-year record low levels of 1971. Status of the United States dove population 1972 population distribution. — The density distribution of mourning dove populations in the United States is presented by States (Fig. 3) and by physiographic regions (Fig. 4). The most extensive area of high dove density was in the middle States, especially in the eastern Great Plains, Central Lowlands, and in the lower Mississippi River Plain. High densities were also observed in the Upper Atlantic Coastal Plain. A mean of 40 or more doves per route were heard in Indiana, Kansas, Nebraska, and Oklahoma (Table 3). 1971 to 1972 population changes. — The U.S. BDI increased 11.6 percent, from 17.6 doves heard per route in 1971 to 19.6 doves heard per route in 1972 (Table 1) . Changes greater than 10 percent in the BDI are illustrated by State (Fig. 5) and by physiographic region (Fig. 6) . The 1972 indices were generally higher than those of 1971 in the southern two-thirds of the United States, except for the Atlantic States from Virginia to Georgia, where they were lower. No appreciable change in population level occurred between years in the northern one-third of the Nation. From 1971 to 1972, the combined hunting States' index increased 16.3 percent, whereas the com- bined nonhunting States' index decreased 1.3 percent. Analyses of several factors associated with these surveys show that the mean temperature at the start of each survey route run in 1972 was signifi- cantly higher than that of 1971: United States, 3.0 F; hunting States, 2.3 F; and nonhunting States, 4.8 F (Table 2). In 1972, the surveys were run an average of 2 days earlier than those of 1971. The percentage of survey stops with audible disturbance great enough to seriously affect the counting of calling doves increased from 8.6 percent in 1971 to 10.4 percent in 1972. 1962 to 1972 long-term population trends.— The 1972 BDl's, adjusted to a BY for the United States and the combined hunting States, recovered from the 1971 record lows. This follows 5 successive years without a significant population increase. In contrast, the adjusted BDI for nonhunting States declined in 1972 to a level approximating the record low established in 1970. The indices for 1972 are bftlow the preceding 10-year means in both the United States and combined nonhunting States, but above this level for the first time in recent years in the hunting States . CSI crv u en s> O •a 60 s •H a I O0 a •H 13 a) Q) u rQ 14-1 o w CJ ■H 4-> •H en § -d ■U cO H a c4 i i •rH 2 c o •H 00 4) U -a CO & O •H CO -a w 0) > o 00 (3 •H C u 3 O E 00 c •H (11 0) M XI U-l O 03 CD a 0) CD > •H 4-> ctj iH 0) ctf I I CD M 3 00 •H CM r-H S H r- i-l o Q) U 4-> a t>> x> V. m > o 13 K C •H c !-i 3 O E. 60 s ■ri T3 0! dj J-i -3 m o w id 60 •H e ■U •H nl <-t csl W .H r~ 3 CO a\ (U O rH T3 T3 T3 3 Vi c •rH cO CO d) to XI H ^N ^N ^"N OJ r~ frS 6-8 ^S 60 CO ON O O o 3 Q) rH H iH rH cO > A V A 3 o c \_/ v— ^ N_^ > CO cu > o 60 e 3 § 60 •5 XI a) CD U n ai CO g en ai 60 c CO cu n 3 60 •H 11 Adjusted BDl's plotted in Figures 7 and 8 reflect the trend in population indices since 1962. Linear regression analyses of these data (Table 3) are shown in Figure 9. The indices declined at an average annual rate of 1.9 per- cent in the United States, 1.6 percent in the hunting States, and 2.6 percent in the nonhunting States. This study reveals a significant overall decline in nationwide dove breeding populations between 1962 and 1972. Population trends as determined from linear regression analyses are shown by State (Table 3, Fig. 10) and by physiographic region (Table 4, Fig. 11). From 1962 to 1972, statistically significant downward trends exist throughout parts of the mid-Atlantic, Great Plains, and Pacific States. Trends are sig- nificantly upward in eight widely distributed midlatitude States. Status of the Eastern Management Unit population 1972 -population distribution. — The Eastern Unit is represented by 30.1 percent of the land area and 26.6 percent of the total United States dove breeding population. Highest dove population densities in the Unit were in the west-central section, especially in the Central Lowlands, and in portions of the upper Coastal Plain and the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. Densities were generally low in the Appalachian Highlands, northern uplands, and the lower Atlantic Coastal Plain (Fig. 4). States represented by a mean of 30 or more doves heard per route included Indiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee (Table 3, Fig. 3) . 1971 to 1972 population changes .--The Eastern Unit BDI increased 1.6 percent from 17.1 doves heard per route in 1971 to 17.4 doves heard per route in 1972 (Table 3) . The 1972 population levels were generally higher than those of 1971 in sections of the Appalachian Highlands, Gulf Coastal Plain, and Floridian Coastal Plain. Population indices were lower in much of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, Piedmont Uplands, and Mississippi Alluvial Plain (Figs. 5, 6). From 1971 to 1972, the combined hunting States' index increased 3.0 percent and the combined nonhunting States' index decreased 2.4 percent (Table 3) . Mean temperatures at the start of the surveys were significantly warmer in 1972 than those of 1971 by 1.6 F for the Eastern Unit, 1.1 F for the hunting States, and 3.0 F for the nonhunting States (Table 2). The mean survey date in 1972 was 2 days earlier than that of 1971. No significant change occurred in the percentage of high disturbance recorded per route between the 2 years (Table 2) . 1962 to 1972 long-term population trends. — Population- indices declined to their lowest levels in 1969. The 1972 data provide evidence of a possible upward population trend during the last several years (Table 3, Fig. 7) . The index for the combined hunting States is at the second lowest level on record, up from the record low of 1971. In contrast, the 1972 index for the combined nonhunting States declined from its 1971 record high level (Table 3, Fig. 12). The adjusted Unit BDI for 1972 is 3.3 percent below the preceding 10-year mean (Fig. 7). The combined hunting States' index is 8.9 percent below the 1962-71 average, and the index for the combined nonhunting States is 10.9 percent above this mean (Fig. 12) . 12 CM cn en CO I CM to a S3 s 03 £ £ Q 1 1*3 CT> ID cn CO cn kh *■*■* CO CM J- CM 01 U bO •H (3XBDS Sot) a^no^ aa l / i / i / * r • i ■ / 1 / / * CO Jr Q) -w 1 ^ 1 * s 1 ■** J S / *§ / 1 Jpi * ■ t 1 / Uh CO CM ID CM * CM CD CM * *^ CM 1 en CO CJ i — i 4J ■ t~- CO cn 4J i— < W ea (3 •H •u o d co ■ 0) t~~ 3 cn i — i ■B §> o S^ CD 'S § cn cC _^ 1 ID cn CO t-H a IN. •H OJ 4-1 1 ti 3 pq H «o CO OS | ID c t-i cn r— 1 £h OJ a > ca o • s> "T3 CM [^ r~- Q ( to CO | «-s cn a cm •H vo 05 a o> +^ H rH « 3 O Q V e ^ ID K I l£> to •^ cn c ■H CO na 0) cy £ cu •fi u r-J> IT) ,a to , ID M-l a cn o ■p r—t K w o a) N o ■£ •H O Jt a cc: ■ ID cn •H Ci O •H •U CO cn 3 i ID P. cn O i — i i • 00 CM 0) i ID n cn 3 i-H 60 •H (ajBos Soi) a^noa aaj 3utxxb3 P^B3H ssaoq 3§b:i3Av 14 CM tn o (71 en CO iX> en w CD CXI J" CM O CM CM CM CM CM (9-[BDS So^l) 9}nOfl J9.J 8u-f-[TB3 PJB3H S9AOa 9SBJ9AV 15 LO in iri y w o O O ir "> c • • • o V A V 1 en -h ft P, ft 13 CO ^> v«^ s^ V. c w XI dJ > 0) CD tH i i > 4-1 CO O d) C Q Q < CM I CM 4J cd 4-> W a o •H 3 P. o ft 60 •H T3 CU dJ dJ > o 13 60 tl •H 3 I C •H CO 13 a a) M H O H a) i-i 3 60 ■H En 16 4-1 a a •H O ■H a CM I in C o ■rl to CD ft M to o •H CO 03 a o •H 3 P. o p. to ■rl 0) .a > o C 3 O 0 05 Ti a o u H I I o u 3 to •rl 0) H JJ TO O 0) C P Q -3 DID 17 I I I I \ I I 1 CO +i S s s re s o fel to IX. i « to s a K o N o fcq eg en \ en en CD CO en f- co en > CD CO CO en ID en co en IMM •Mob^-i CO CM CD J" CM CM CSI 4J O CO •a 4J w 60 ti to •iH u 3 o d •H 4J C-l 6 J P! to O a a •H CU C aj cd M ^3 tO CM 0 3 o a ■H fl a o ■H 3 a. o I I 0) u 3 60 •H (ajTaos 3oq) a^noy aa0.05) changes occurred in the BDl's of any management unit between 1971 and 1972 (Table 1). The population indices for the combined hunting States in both the Central Unit and the United States did show a significant (p<0.01) increase. None of the indices for the other combined hunting States or combined nonhunting States were significantly different between these years. Although not designed to detect population changes within States, the survey showed sig- nificant increases in Alabama and Missouri. A significant decrease occurred in Virginia (Table 1) . The analyses of several factors associated with the Call-Count Survey revealed that in each management unit the 1972 survey was run under signif- icantly (p<0.05) warmer conditions than those of 1971 (Table 2). The survey was begun slightly earlier in 1972 than in 1971 in both the Eastern and Central Unit. No change in survey dates was evident in the Western Unit. Although the 1972 survey routes were run under conditions of higher disturb- ance, none of the changes was statistically significant. A study of the data from physiographic regions within management units revealed significant (p<0.05) increases from 1971 to 1972 in the East Gulf Coastal Plain (region 034) and the Nashville Basin (113) of the Eastern Unit (Fig. 1). A significant decrease from 1971 to 1972 occurred in the Piedmont Uplands (041) of the Eastern Unit. No significant changes occurred within physiographic regions in the Central or Western Units. 1962 to 1972 long-term population trends. — Statistical analyses of the 1962-72 data revealed that significant (p<0.05) downward trends in BDl's occurred in all management units as well as in the combined hunting States of the Eastern Unit and in the combined nonhunting States of the Central Unit. A significant upward trend was shown for the combined nonhunting States of the Eastern Unit (Table 3) . Analyses of long-term BDI data by State and physiographic region (Tables 3, 4) reveal that eight States had significant (p<0.05) upward population trends between 1962 and 1972, while 16 States had downward trends in popula- tion (Table 3, Fig. 10) . From 1965 to 1972, 9 of 79 physiographic regions had significant (p<0.10) upward population trends, whereas 19 regions had downward trends in the index (Table 4, Fig. 11) . ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report would not be possible without the cooperation of the State conservation departments and the many individuals who assisted in collecting data. Preparation of this report represents a combined effort; special thanks are extended to Mr. Frederick R. Fiehrer for computer programming support and Mrs. Katheryn Munson for assisting with the logistical aspects of this inter- agency, cooperative nationwide survey. 21 LITERATURE CITED Fenneman, N. M. 1931. Physiography of western United States. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. 534 p. Foote, L. E. 1959. A sampling design for mourning dove call counts. A report to the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, from The Wildlife Management Institute. (Unpublished report.) December. 47 pp. + 24 tables + appendix. Foote, L.E., and Harold S. Peters. 1952. Introduction, pp. 1-3 in Investigations of methods of appraising the abundance of mourning doves. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report — Wildlife No. 17. Ruos, James L. 1972. Mourning dove status report, 1971. U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Special Scientific Report — Wildlife No. 158. 40 pp. 22 TABLE 1.. — CHANGES 20-STOP IN MOURNING DOVE BREEDING DENSITY INDICES ON CALL-COUNT SURVEY ROUTES, 1971-72, EASTERN MANAGEMENT UNIT MEAN NUMBER OF DOVES HEARD PER ROUTE 1/ AfMUSTED WITHIM YFAR ACiUiI£D_ia_Mi£zI£AE PERCENT 2IAI£S__ii2LlI£2 1221 1212 1221 1222 £tlAMi£_2Z ALA. DEL, FLA. GA, ILL. KY, LA. MO, MISS. N.C, PA. R.T. S.C, TENN. VA. 27 i 22 17 15 IB 17 7 22 20 15 ? 16 18 16.2 5.0 B.2 15.1 2'. 3 26.2 6. 0 IB, 3 28.1 19.4 6.2 13.0 28.4 18.5 26.7 HUNTING STATES 19.5 6. 0 9.6 13.4 24. 9 26.5 7.0 25.5 2 3. 7 18.2 7.3 9, 5 23.2 2 2, 1 15.9 bt*_Y_A* 1 &*Q 2jl£ 16.5 3.8 5.9 12.6 24.8 27.7 7,2 19.1 34.2 12.5 5.9 2.6 31.2 32.3 18.8 5*1. 19.8 4.6 7.0 10.6 27.7 28.0 3.4 26.6 35. 0 11.7 7.0 1.9 25.5 3 8. 6 11.2 8.*2__ 20.2*** 20.0 17.9 -15.6 11.6 1.2 16.3 39.1* 2.3 -6.3 18.1 -26.9 -18. 3 19.5* -40.3** ._5.j6.*5 S1JM2IA! 222 12*2. .IS*.*. 2*2 NONHUNTING STATES CONN, I NO. MASS. MAI NE MICH. N.H, M, J. N , Y . OHIO VT, 2 11 3 4 14 3 3 15 1 1 2 6.0 40,3 4.8 0.0 10,8 ^.4 25.1 7.3 34,0 0.0 5.5 34.3 6. 3 0.0 11.4 3.2 27.1 9. 6 35.7 0.0 AIILm. 22 14.1. 3_ 12*2 0.0 49.0 4.7 0.0 14.6 2.9 23.6 4,9 26.2 0.0 .11*2 0. 0 41.6 6.1 0.0 15.4 2.1 25.5 6.4 2 7.5 0.0 -9.3 -15.0 29.5 0.0 5.5 -27.8 7.9 31.5 5.1 0.0 11*2 z4*2 SUSIQIA! 23 ^ 12*2 12*2 r2t.it IQIAL 221 12*1 11*4 1*6. 23 TABLE I. — CHANGES IN MOURNING DOVE BREEDING DENSITY INDICES ON 20-STOP CALL-COUNT SURVEY ROUTES, 1971-72 — CONTINUED, CENTRAL MANAGEMENT UNIT MEAN NUMBER OF DOVES HEARD PER ROUTE 1/ AGUUSIfQ. .H1IUIN_^£AR AD1USI£D_IQ. _£ASfr*EAB PERCENT .HAILS. &Q ; . 1971 197 2 , _ _ _ 1971^. L21Z CHANGE 2/ HUNTING STATES APK. 11 20.7 20.5 24.3 24.1 -1.0 COLO. 10 W.5 19. 0 18.8 2 0.5 8.9 KANS, 20 60.1 63. 1 58.7 61.6 5.0 MO, 16 31.2 42. 3 29.5 39.9 35.4** N. MEX. 17 8. 8 11.1 6.8 8.6 26.0 OKLA, 5 4.5 13.4 14,6 43.6 199.0* <:, DAK. 19 36.0 37.1 36.5 37.7 3.2 ILKm. 42_. Ls*.a_ 2.5*1 ._18*7 Zi*Q 22^4 5U3IDIAL. __141_. ._22*.i Z!±l . 24..7_*** NONHUNTING STATES IOWA 9 33.3 31. 3 20.3 19.6 -5.9 MINN. 13 15.1 15.2 13.0 13.1 1.0 MONT. 1 1 2?. 2 16. 2 6.5 4.7 -26.9 N, DAK. 18 23.2 24.3 17.1 17.9 4.8 NEBR. 1 6 3^.6 41.9 45.3 47,8 5.6 Q.^1 SiiBIQIAL. . 22_. . lii*2_ L6-.5 _. =1.JL IQIA! __214.__ . 2Q*£ 2±*.3 1^I*__ 24 TABLE 1. — CHANGES IN MOUPNING DOVE BREEDING DENSITY INDICES ON 20-STOP CALL-COUNT SURVEY ROUTES, 1971-72 — CONTINUED. WESTERN MANAGEMENT UNIT ~MEAN~NUMBER OF DOVES HEARD PER ROUTE 17 ACJJJSI£D_WIIhll^_IE.AP AQ__BIE__IQ_BAB£__EAB PERCENT BIAI£B__BQ_I_B 1211 LSZ2 1221 L222 __A_£E_2_ HUNTING STATES ARIZ, 33 12.4 16.6 13.1 17.5 33.3* CALIF. 59 14.3 15.2 11.1 11*8 5.9 IDAHO 16 12.0 15.5 22.7 2 9.4 29.4 NEV. 16 2.9 5,7 3.3 6.6 100.0 OREG. 21 8.7 3. 2 11.9 11.2 -5.5 UTAH 14 22.6 15.0 13.8 9.2 -33.4 _AB__ 2Q B_2 B*. 2 12*4 12_Q _2_2 IQIAI 122 12_1 lB*.fi 12_B UNITED STATES SUMMARY MEAN NUMBER OF DOVES HEARD PER ROUTE 1/ ADJJJBIEQ_U1IHJ.U_Y.EAR A____I£__I__BABEz_EAB PERCENT BIAI£B___a_I£B 1221 1222 1221 1222 __A__£_2_ HUNT 553 18.1 21.0 16.3*** NONHUNT 161 16.3 16.1 -1.3 IQIAI 21_ 12_fi 12_fi !___*__ 1/ INDEXES OBTAINED FROM COMPARABLE, °ANDCMIZFD ROUTE DATA ADJUSTED FOR VARIATION IN THE LAND AREA OF EACH PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGION AREA PRESFNTED WITHIN YEAR. STATE DATA ADJUSTED TO A BASE-YEAR ARE SHOWN HERE AND IN TABLE 3, UNIT AND SUBUNI T MEANS ARE DERIVED FROM STATF DATA ADJUSTED TO A BASE-YEAR AND WEIGHTED BY TOTAL STATE LAND A°FA VALUES. _/ CALCULATIONS PERFORMED USING THPEE SIGNIFICANT POSITIONS. THE NUMBER OF ASTERISKS REPRESENT THE STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL * 10 PEPCENT; ** 5 PERCENT; *** 1 PERCENT. SIGNIFICANCE LEVELS FOR STATE AND UNIT CHANGES ARE DETERMINED FROM ANALYSES DF DATA PRESENTED WITHIN YEAR. 25 LU > to C > o o o z cc o X r- X UJ o I/O I/O < to a: c t— o o>omm>Om>too<\iolf,i (vjirvh-mo^^t oocomr-ocr^erc^vooie^ .-« rlH ,_| _| t-l •-< CO] fH (\jir,>c*ofwO'>o^ffwONttcH ^-l CM i-t H >^H II in t-i o irt co « >ooo«\jr-»tcomcooo l\J r-i i-H «=<■—: ■_! 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UJ • > Z QC O <* < •y» Jt * y> * <* U ill o» X X LU -^ •i >. l > 33 — 1 ^ LU ■"* Mi U _J IU * X IU rs tu 3 < z < LU X IU 3 3 I z X LU 1- MI Z. -I 1— a. z H. a »* 1— a£ LO _J < CO w V. >>. >>» •«>k f- M| r>i ml 35 UN U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1974 O - 534-326 As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has basic responsibilities for water, fish, wildlife, mineral, land, park, and recreational resources. Indian and Ter- ritorial affairs are other major concerns of this department of natural resources. The Department works to assure the wisest choice in managing all our resources so that each shall make its full contribution to a better United States now and in the future. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE WASHINGTON. D C. 20240 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR INT 423