BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY

3 9999 06317 805 5 :

/

THE TECHNICAL LITERATURE ON
THE AMERICAN WOODCOCK 1927-1978

^/3

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Special Scientific Report- Wildlife No. 213

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Dwyer, Thomas J.
The technical literature on the American woodcock, 1927-1978.

(Special scientific report-wildlife; no. 213)
Includes index.

Supt. of Docs, no.: I 49.15/3:213

1. Woodcock— Bibliography. I. Coon, Richard A., joint author. II. Geissler, Paul H., joint author. III. Title. IV. Series.
SK361.A256 no. 213 [Z5333.W64] [QL696.C48]

639'.9'08s [016.5983'3] 78-11117

NOTE: Use of trade names does not imply U.S. Government endorsement of commercial products.

THE TECHNICAL LITERATURE ON
THE AMERICAN WOODCOCK 1927-1978

By Thomas J. Dwyer
Richard A. Coon
Paul H. Geissler

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

*?VlT Of TH

^ ' '^> FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE

Special Scientific Report— Wildlife No. 213
Washington, D.C. • 1979

CONTENTS

Page

Introduction i

Subject Headings iii

Bibliography 1

Subject Index 42

THE TECHNICAL LITERATURE ON THE
AMERICAN WOODCOCK 1927-1978

by

Thomas J. Dwyer, Richard A. Coon,
and Paul H. Geissler

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Migratory Bird and Habitat Research Laboratory

Laurel, Maryland 20811

INTRODUCTION

In this bibliography we have attempted to assemble the major portion
of the technical literature on the American woodcock {Philohela minor) .
Included are scientific references published between 1927 and 1978. We
chose 1927 as the cutoff date for early literature because of the
importance of Arthur Cleveland Bent's work in 1927, and because most
articles before 1927 are descriptive and do not add appreciably to the
scientific literature on the species. An excellent listing of the early
literature may be found in the 1936 monograph by Olin Sewall Pettingill, Jr.
(see citation number 326). No previously published bibliography devoted
solely to woodcock is available. The only published bibliography we are
aware of that includes the American woodcock is the following:

Reeves, H. H,, compiler. 1975. A contribution to an annotated
bibliography of North American cranes, rails, woodcock, snipe,
doves, and pigeons. Natl. Tech. Inf. Serv. , Springfield, Va.,
Rep. PB 240 999. 527 pp.

The primary purpose of this bibliography is to bring together the
technical literature related to woodcock, as an aid to wildlife researchers
and managers. Many important references on woodcock are not found in
scientific journals, but occur in Pittman-Robertson Reports, Woodcock
Workshop Proceedings, university theses. Special Scientific Reports of
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and in the proceedings of regional
wildlife conferences. We have examined each of these sources in addition
to Wildlife Review, Biological Abstracts, Zoological Record, and the Fish
and Wildlife Reference Service. The following types and sources of
references are not included: (1) State ornithological journals;
(2) unpublished and nontechnical reports, other than Pittman-Robertson;
and (3) books and publications dealing with the avifauna of a geographic
region.

References are listed alphabetically by author beginning on page 1.
Following each reference is a number (s) that corresponds to one of the
22 subject headings listed on page iii.

A subject index is at the end of the bibliography. References of
a similar subject content are listed by number under the appropriate
heading. Articles not personally reviewed by the authors were indexed
solely on the basis of their titles.

We would like to acknowledge the assistance of Dorothy Detwiler,
who prepared the computer listing. The entire bibliography was printed
by computer, and the original listing is stored on magnetic tape for
periodic updating. Any corrections or omissions in the bibliography
should be forwarded to the authors.

11

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF
SUBJECT HEADINGS

1. Behavior, Movement, Activity

2. Capturing, Banding, Marking

3. Censusing, Singing Ground Studies

4. Distribution, Range, Sightings

5. Feeding, Food Habits

6. Habitat

7. Harvest

8. Life History Studies, Review Articles

9 . Management

10. Migration

11. Mortality

12. Other

13. Parasites and Diseases

14. Pesticides

15. Plumage and Molt

16. Population Studies

17. Reproduction

18. Sex and Age

19. Status

20. Techniques

21. Telemetry

22. Weight

iii

I

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Aitken, W. W. 1936. Woodcock and whistling swan in Iowa. Wilson

Bull. 48(2):131. (12)

2. Aitken, W. W. 1938. Records of the woodcock in Iowa. Wilson Bull.

50(1):64. (4)

3. Aldous, C. M. 1937. Woodcock management studies in Maine. Trans. N.

Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 2:582-588. (8)

4. Aldous, C. M. 1938. Woodcock management studies in Maine, 1937.

Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 3:839-846. (8)

5. Aldous, C. M. 1939. Studies on woodcock management in Maine, 1938.

Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 4:437-441. (8)

6. Aldrich, J. W. 1952. Woodcock breeding ground studies in the

central northern states in 1951. Pages 27-28 ixi_ J. W. Aldrich,
compiler. Investigations of woodcock, snipe, and rails in

1951. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. and Canadian Wildl. Serv., Spec.
Sci. Rep. -Wildl. 14. 58 pp. (3, 12)

7. Aldrich, J. VI. 1953. Woodcock singing ground counts in central

northern states in 1952. Pages 25-27 ^ri^ J. W. Aldrich,
compiler. Investigations of woodcock, snipe, and rails in

1952. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. and Canadian Wildl. Serv.,
Spec. Sci. Rep. -Wildl. 18. 55 pp. (3)

8. Aldrich, J. W. 1954. Summary of 1953 woodcock, snipe, and rail

investigations. Pages 1-7 jji^ J. W. Aldrich, compiler.
Investigations of woodcock, snipe, and rails in 1953. U.S.
Fish Wildl. Serv. and Canadian Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci.
Rep. -Wildl. 24. 68 pp. (8, 9, 19)

9. Aldrich, J. W. 1954. Woodcock breeding ground counts in central-

northern United States, 1953. Pages 31-34 i_n J. W. Aldrich,
compiler. Investigations of woodcock, snipe, and rails in

1953. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. and Canadian Wildl. Serv.,
Spec. Sci. Rep. -Wildl. 24. 68 pp. (3)

10. Aldrich, J. W. 1955. Summary of investigations of woodcock, snipe,
and rails in 1954. Pages 1-5 in J. W. Aldrich, compiler.
Investigations of woodcock, snipe, and rails in 1954. U.S.
Fish Wildl. Serv. and Canadian Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep.-
Wildl. 28. 62 pp. (8, 9, 19)

1

2

11. Aldrich, J. W. 1955. Woodcock investigations in the central-

northern United States - 1954. Pages 23-28 In J. W. Aldrich,
compiler. Investigations of woodcock, snipe, and rails in
1954. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. and Canadian Wildl. Serv.,
Spec. Sci. Rep. -Wildl. 28. 62 pp. (3)

12. Aldrich, J. W. 1956. Summary of woodcock, snipe, and rail

investigations for 1955. Pages 1-6 Jji J. W. Aldrich, compiler.
Investigations of woodcock, snipe, and rails in 1955. U.S. Fish
Wildl. Serv. and Canadian Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. -Wildl.
31. 54 pp. (8, 9, 19)

13. Aldrich, J. W. 1956. Woodcock singing ground counts in the central-

northern United States - 1955. Pages 29-33 in J. W. Aldrich,
compiler. Investigations of woodcock, snipe, and rails in 1955.
U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. and Canadian Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci.
Rep. -Wildl. 31. 54 pp. (3)

14. Aldrich, J. W. 1957. Perspective of woodcock, snipe, and rail

investigations - 1956. Pages 1-7 ±n J. W. Aldrich, compiler.
Investigations of woodcock, snipe, and rails in 1956. U.S. Fish
Wildl. Serv. and Canadian Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. -Wildl.
34. 85 pp. (8, 9, 19)

15. Aldrich, J. W. 1957. Woodcock breeding ground counts in the

central-northern United States - 1956. Pages 37-41 _in J. W.
Aldrich, compiler. Investigations of woodcock, snipe, and rails
in 1956. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. and Canadian Wildl. Serv.,
Spec. Sci. Rep. -Wildl. 34. 85 pp. (3)

16. Aldrich, J. VJ. , compiler. 1952. Investigations of woodcock, snipe,

and rails in 1951. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. and Canadian Wildl.
Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. -Wildl. 14. 58 pp. (2, 3, 9, 10, 11, 16)

17. Aldrich, J. W., compiler. 1953. Investigations of woodcock, snipe,

and rails in 1952. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. and Canadian Wildl.
Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. -Wildl. 18. 55 pp. (3, 8, 9,
10, 16, 17)

18. Aldrich, J. W. , compiler. 1954. Investigations of woodcock, snipe,

and rails in 1953. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. and Canadian Wildl.
Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. -Wildl. 24. 68 pp. (2, 3, 8, 9, 16,
17, 19)

19. Aldrich, J. W., compiler. 1955. Investigations of woodcock, snipe,

and rails in 1954. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. and Canadian Wildl.
Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. -Wildl. 28. 62 pp. (2, 3, 8, 9, 16)

20. Aldrich, J. W. , compiler. 1956. Investigations of woodcock, snipe,

and rails in 1955. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv. and Canadian Wildl.
Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. -Wildl. 31. 54 pp. (3, 6, 8, 9, 15,
16, 20)

21. Aldrich, J. W., compiler. 1957. Investigations of woodcock, snipe,

and rails in 1956. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. and Canadian Wildl.
Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. -Wildl. 34. 85 pp. (1, 3, 8, 9, 16,
18, 19)

22. Alison, R. M. 1976. Late snowstorm causes woodcock mortality. Ont.

Field Biol. 30(l):51-52 (11)

23. Allin, A. E. 1949. The American woodcock in Thunder Bay District.

News Letter Thunder Bay Field Nat. Club. 3(3):2-3. (4)

24. American Ornithologists' Union. 1957. Check-list of North American

birds. 5th ed . The Lord Baltimore Press, Inc., Baltimore,
Md. 691 pp. (12)

25. Ammann, G. A. 1963. Methods of capturing woodcock hens and chicks

on their breeding grounds. Mich. Dep. Conserv., Game Div.
Rep. 2414. 5 pp. (2, 20)

26. Ammann, G. A. 1966. VJoodcock banders' newsletter, No. 1. Mich.

Dep. Conserv., Game Div. Inf. Circ. 143. 3 pp. (1, 2, 20)

27. Ammann, G. A. 1967. A summary of woodcock hen and chick banding

in Michigan. Pages 26-27 _rn W. H. Goudy, compiler.

Woodcock researcli and management 1966. U.S. Bur. Sport Fish.

Wildl., Spec. Sci. Rep. -Wildl. 101. 40 pp. (2, 20)

28. Ammann, G. A. 1967. Woodcock banders' newsletter. No. 2. Mich.

Dep. Conserv., Game Div. Inf. Circ. 145. 5 pp. (1, 2, 18, 20)

29. Ammann, G. A. 1968. Woodcock banders' newsletter. No. 3. Mich.

Dep. Conserv., Game Div. Inf. Circ. 150. 3 pp. (1, 2, 18, 20)

30. Ammann, G. A. 1969. Woodcock banders' newsletter. No. 4. Mich.

Dep. Nat. Resour., Game Div. Inf. Circ. 156. 6 pp. (1, 2, 10)

31. Ammann, G. A. 1970. Suggestions for spring woodcock banding.

Mich. Dep. Nat. Resour., Game Div. Inf. Circ. 160. 3 pp.
(2, 20)

32. Ammann, G, A. 1970. Woodcock banders' newsletter. No. 5. Mich.

Dep. Nat. Resour., Game Div. Inf. Circ, 159. 4 pp. (1, 2,
18, 20)

4

33. Ammann, G. A. 1972. Woodcock banders' newsletter, No. 6. Mich.

Dep. Nat. Resour., Wildl. Div. Inf. Circ. 164. 4 pp.
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34. Ammann, G. A. 1973. Woodcock banders' newsletter. No. 7. Mich.

Dep. Nat. Resour., Wildl. Div. Inf. Circ. 166. 4 pp.
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35. Ammann, G. A. 1974. Methods of capturing American woodcock broods.

Pages 593-605 in S. Lundstrom, ed. Eleventh International
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36. Ammann, G. A. 1974. Woodcock banders' newsletter. No. 8. Mich.

Dep. Nat. Resour., Wildl. Div. Inf. Circ. 170. 4 pp.
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37. Ammann, G. A. 1977. Finding and banding woodcock broods using

pointing dogs. Mich. Dep. Nat. Resour., Wildl. Div. Rep. 2780.
8 pp. (1, 2, 20)

38. Ammann, G. A. 1978. Woodcock banders' newsletter. No. 12. Mich.

Dep. Conserv., Game Div. Inf. Circ. 184. 8 pp. (1, 2, 10, 20)

39. Anderson, R. C. , and R. S. Freeman. 1969. Cardiofilaria inornata

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40. Artmann, J. W. 1974. Status of the U.S. woodcock population-1974.

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41. Artmann, J. W. 1975. Cuterebra parasitism of an American woodcock

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42. Artmann, J. W. 1975. Woodcock status report, 1974. U.S. Fish

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43. Artmann, J. W. 1977. Woodcock status report, 1975. U.S. Fish

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44. Artmann, J. W. 1977. Woodcock status report, 1976. U.S. Fish

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45. Artmann, J. W. , and L. D. Schroeder. 1976. A technique for sexing

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46. Bachant, J. P. 1971. Farm game management and research

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47. Bailey, A. M. 1929. Bird casualties. Wilson Bull. 41 (2) : 106-107.

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48. Baird, J. C, and J. V. Dobell. 1978. Status report on the

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49. Baker, R. H. , and C. C. Newman. 1942. Speed of a woodcock. Auk

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50. Barclay, J. S. , and R. W. Smith. 1978. The status and distribu-

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51. Barnes, I. R. 1958. The spring rites of the woodcock. Atl. Nat.

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52. Bartlett, L. M. 1961. Dermestids killed when feeding on skeletons

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53. Baumgartner, F. M. , and J. C. Howell. 1948. The numerical and

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54. Beightol, D. R. 1972. Sonagraphic analysis of the American

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55. Beightol, D. R. , and T). E. Samuel. 1971. Identifying individual

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56. Beightol, D. R. , and D. E. Samuel. 1973. Sonagraphic analysis

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6

57. Bent, A. C. 1927. Life histories of North American shore

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58. Beyer, R. H. , Jr. 1972. Hematological characteristics of the

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59. Beyer, R. H. , Jr., and W. B. Stone. 1971. Hematological

characteristics of the American woodcock. New York Div. Fish
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60. Blankenship, L. H. 1954. Investigations on woodcock in Michigan.

Pages 41-49 _i_n J. W. Aldrich, compiler. Investigations
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68 pp. (8)

61. Blankenship, L. H. 1957. Investigations of the American woodcock

in Michigan. Ph.D. Thesis. Michigan State Univ., E. Lansing.
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63. Bourgeois, A. 1976. Analysis of American woodcock nest and brood

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64. Bourgeois, A. 1978. Quantitative analysis of American woodcock

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65. Bourgeois, J. C., and R. Couture. 1978. A method for identifying

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66. Boyd, H. 1974. Plan for the management of woodcock and woodcock

hunting in Canada, 1975-80. Jn Fifth American Woodcock
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67. Breitenbach, E. L. 1932. Woodcocks and wood ducks in Washington

County, Iowa. Wilson Bull. 44(3) : 181-182 . (4)

68. Britt, T. L. 1971. Studies of woodcock on the Louisiana wintering

ground. M.S. Thesis. Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge.
105 pp. (8)

69. Brodkorb, P. 1956. Pleistocene birds from Eichelberger Cave,

Florida. Auk 73(1 ): 1 36-1 37 . (4, 12)

70. Brooks, M. 1935. Does the female woodcock ever sky dance? Auk

52(3):307-308. (1, 17)

71. Brooks, M. 1937. [Corresondence on adult woodcock carrying their

young]. Wilson Bull. 49(l):52-53. (1)

72. Brooks, M. G. 1930. Notes on the American woodcock in central West

Virginia. Auk 47(2) : 248-249. (12)

73. Brown, C. P. 1953. Spring census of woodcock abundance. New York

Div. Fish Game. P-R Rep., Proj. W-81-R and W-81-R-1, Job IV-A.
4 pp. (3)

74. Brown, C. P. 1953. Woodcock banding. New York Div. Fish Game.

P-R Rep., Proj. W-81-R-1 , Job IV-D. 1 p. (2, 20)

75. Brown, C. P. 1953. Woodcock management research. New York Div.

Fish Game. P-R Rep., Proj. W-053-R-04. 34 pp. (8)

76. Brown, C. P. 1954. Study of fall migration of woodcock in relation

to current open seasons. New York Div. Fish Game. P-R Rep.,
Proj. W-81-R, Job IV-D. 7 pp. (7, 9, 10)

77. Brown, C. P., and G. T. Chase. 1954. Notes on woodcock chicks

reared in captivity. Bird-Banding 25(4) : 149-1 50. (1, 5,
12, 20)

78. Caldwell, P. D. , and J. S. Lindzey. 1974. The behavior of adult

female woodcock in central Pennsylvania, ^n^ Fifth American
Woodcock Workshop Proceedings, Univ. Georgia, Athens,
December 3-5, 1974. 13 pp., n.p. (1, 2, 6, 21)

79. Causey, K. , J. Roboski , and G. Horton. 1974. Nesting activities

of the American woodcock (Philohela minor Gmelin) in
Alabama. Jji Fifth American Woodcock Workshop Proceedings,
Univ. Georgia, Athens, December 3-5, 1974. 12 pp., n.p.
(6, 17)

80. Chambers, R. E. 1971. The accelerated woodcock banding program in

New York, 1969-1971; progress report. ^H Fourth American
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13-15, 1971. 18 pp., n.p. (2, 7, 18)

81. Clark, D. R. , and M. A. R. McLane . 1974. Chlorinated hydrocarbon

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82. Clark, E. R. 1966. Woodcock capture techniques and population

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83. Clark, E. R. 1967. Woodcock summer banding operations at the

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1966. U.S. Bur. Sport Fish. Wildl., Spec. Sci. Rep. -Wildl.
101. AO pp. (2, 20)

84. Clark, E. R. 1969. A summary of recent woodcock singing-ground

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85. Clark, E. R. 1969. Woodcock research and management — past,

present, but primarily future, ^n^ Third American Woodcock
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86. Clark, E. R. 1970. Woodcock status report, 1969. U.S. Bur. Sport

Fish. Wildl., Spec. Sci. Rep. -Wildl. 133. 35 pp. (3, 7, 9,
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87. Clark, E. R. 1971. Woodcock as a recreational resource. ^ Fourth

American Woodcock Workshop Proceedings, Higgins Lake, Michigan,
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88. Clark, E. R. 1971. Woodcock status report, 1970. U.S. Bur. Sport

Fish. Wildl., Spec. Sci. Rep. -Wildl. 140. 38 pp. (3, 7, 9,
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89. Clark, E. R. 1972. V/oodcock status report, 1971. U.S. Bur. Sport

Fish. Wildl., Spec. Sci Rep. -Wildl. 153. 47 pp. (3, 7, 9,
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90. Clark, E. R. 1973. Woodcock status report, 1972. U.S. Bur. Sport

Fish. Wildl., Spec. Sci. Rep. -Wildl. 169. 50 pp. (3, 7,
9, 18, 19)

91. Clark, E. R. 1974. Woodcock status report, 1973. U.S. Bur. Sport

Fish. Wildl., Spec. Sci. Rep. -Wildl. 178. 43 pp. (3, 7,
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92. Clarke, C. H. D. 1978. Woodcock - A key to upland wildlife

conservation. Proc. Woodcock Symp. 6. In press. (6, 8, 9)

93. Clauson, A. 1974, Nesting and brood rearing ecology and behavior

of the American woodcock in central New York. M.S. Thesis.
State Univ. of New York, Syracuse. 91 pp. (1, 2, 6, 17,
20, 21)

94. Clay, M. B. 1933. Diurnal activity of the woodcock. Wilson Bull.

45(3):106-110. (1)

95. Cobb, S. 1959. On the angle of the cerebral axis in the American

woodcock. Auk 76(l):55-59. (12)

96. Cochran, W. W. , and R. R. Graber. 1958. Attraction of nocturnal

migrants by lights on a television tower. Wilson Bull.
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97. Cooch, F. r,. 1969. The status of woodcock research and management

in Canada. _In_ Third American Woodcock Workshop Proceedings,
Univ. of Maine, Orono , June 30- July 2, 1969. 12 pp., n.p.
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98. Coon, R. A. 1977. Nesting habitat, fall migration and harvest

characteristics of the American woodcock in Pennsylvania.

Ph.D. Thesis. Pennsylvania State Univ., State College. 172 pp.

(2, 6, 7, 10, 20, 21)

99. Coon, R. A., P. D. Caldwell, and G. L. Storm. 1974. Onset of fall

migration of radio-marked woodcock with notes on a portion of
the migratory flight of one bird. In Fifth American Woodcock
Workshop Proceedings, Univ. Georgia, Athens, December 3-5,
1974. 9 pp., n.p. (10, 21)

100. Coon, R. A., P. D. Caldwell, and G. L. Storm. 1976. Some char-

acteristics of fall migration of female woodcock. J. Wildl.
Manage. 40(l):91-95. (10, 20, 21)

101. Coon, R. A., T. J. Dwyer, and J. W. Artmann. 1978. Identifica-

tion of potential harvest units in the United States for the
American woodcock. Proc. Woodcock Symp. 6. In press. (7,
9, 10)

102. Coon, R. A., J. S. Lindzey, and J. L. George. 1978. Character-

istics of woodcock hunters and woodcock harvest in Pennsylvania.
Proc. Northeast Fish Wildl. Conf., White Sulphur Springs, West
Virginia, February 26-March 1, 1978. In press. (7)

103. Cottam, C. 1934. Adaptability in the feeding habits of the woodcock

Wilson Bull. 46(3):200. (1, 5)

10

104. Cottam, C, and L. Kelso. 1933. An incubating woodcock. Auk

50(2):170-173. (1, 17)

105. Couture, R. , and J. C. Bourgeois. 1974. Woodcock studies at

Trois-Rivieres , Quebec. _In Fifth American Woodcock Workshop
Proceedings, Univ. Georgia, Athens, December 3-5, 1974. 8 pp.,
n.p. (1, 6)

106. Couture, R. , and J. C. Bourgeois. 1978. American woodcock density

variations during the breeding season in central Quebec.
Proc. Woodcock Symp. 6. In press. (1, 3, 16)

107. Crankshaw, W. B. , J. A. Smith, and R. D. Kirkpatrick. 1968.

Woodcock singing ground descriptions of two Indiana sites.
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108. Criscitiello, M. G. 1962. Woodcock flight. Atl. Nat. 17(3):

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32

354. Reid, V. H. , and P. Goodrum. 1954, Observations of woodcock

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355. Reid, V. H. , and P. Goodrum. 1954. Wintering woodcock populations

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356. Reid, V. H. , and P. Goodrum. 1955. Wintering woodcock populations

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357. Reid, V. H. , and P. Goodrum. 1956. Wintering woodcock populations

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358. Reid, V. H. , and P. Goodrum. 1957. Wintering woodcock observations

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359. Reynolds, J. W. 1978. Earthworms utilized by the American woodcock.

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360. Reynolds, J. W. , W. B. Krohn , and G. A. Jordan. 1978. Earthworm

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361. Richter, W. C. 1948. Singing ground analysis and cover preference

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362. Richter, W. C, and S. A. Liscinsky. 1955. Technique for

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33

363. Rief fenberger , J. C. 1969. A nightlighting technique for capturing

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364. Rief fenberger , J. C, and F. Ferrigno. 1969. Woodcock banding on

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365. Rief fenberger , J. C, and F. Ferrigno. 1970. Woodcock banding on

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366. Rief fenberger , J. C, and R. C. Kletzly. 1967. Woodcock night-

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367. Robbins, C. S., compiler. 1960. Woodcock status report — 1960.

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368. Rosene, W., Jr. 1949. Woodcock at sea. Wilson Bull. 61 (4): 235-236.

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371. Russel, D. 1959. Woodcock and Wilson's snipe studies in Kentucky.

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372. Rutter, R. J. 1936. Woodcock feeding in daylight. Can. Field-Nat.

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34

374. Samuel, D. E. , and D. R. Beightol. 1973. The vocal repertoire of

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35

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403. Solman, V. E. F. 1953. Woodcock singing counts — Eastern Canada,

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404. Solman, V. E. F. 1954. Woodcock singing counts. Eastern Canada,

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37

405. Solman, V. E. F. 1956. Woodcock singing ground counts in Canada -

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408. Stabler, R. M. 1941. Further studies in trichomoniasis in birds.

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38

416. Stone, W. B. 1973. A study of the hematology and blood parasites

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417. Studholme, A. T., and R. T. Norris. 1942. Breeding woodcock

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419. Taylor, W. H. 1972. Woodcock study. Virginia Comm. Game Inl. Fish.

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420. Terrill, L. M. 1951. Shore bird migration at Montreal. Can. Field-

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421. Thomas, L. K. , Jr. 1964. Nesting woodcock on Theodore Roosevelt

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422. Tuck, L. M. , and M. Borotru. 1972. Additions to the avifauna of

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427. Weeden, R. B. 1955. Cover requirements of breeding woodcock in

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39

429. Weeks, H. P. 1969. Courtship and territorial behavior of some

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430. Wenstrom, W. P. 1973. Habitat utilization and activities of

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433. Westfall, C. Z., and R. B. Weeden. 1956. Plastic neck markers for

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434. Wetherbee, D. K. 1959. Egg teeth and hatched shells of various

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435. Wetherbee, D. K. , and L. M. Bartlett. 1962. Egg teeth and shell

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436. Wetherbee, D. K. , and N. S. Wetherbee. 1961. Artificial incuba-

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439. Whitcomb, D. A. 1972. Nocturnal use of forest clearings during

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40

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448. Williams, S. 0., III. 1969. Population d3mamics of woodcock

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459. Wright, B. S. 1963. An observation of tolerance of disturbance by

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460. Wright, B. S. 1965. Some effects of heptachlor and DDT on New

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42

SUBJECT INDEX

Behavior, Movement
21, 26, 28, 29, 30

77, 78, 93, 94, 103
137, 140, 155, 156
201, 210, 215, 216
288, 289, 290, 292
372, 373, 374, 377
411, 415, 424, 429

Capturing, Banding
16, 18, 19, 25, 26

78, 80, 82, 83, 93
187, 192, 193, 200
253, 260, 269, 274
364, 365, 366, 376
397, 398, 417, 430

Activity

32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 51, 54, 55, 56, 65, 70, 71,
, 104, 105, 106, 108, 114, 116, 119, 133, 134, 136,

158, 164, 167, 168, 179, 184, 187, 192, 193, 200,

217, 219, 220, 223, 225, 226, 228, 235, 243, 253,

293, 302, 308, 309, 310, 317, 330, 333, 342, 343,

378, 379, 382, 383, 386, 388, 389, 390, 391, 393,

430, 432, 439, 451, 452, 454, 456

Marking

27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 74,
98, 118, 127, 161, 163, 167, 177, 181, 182, 186,

201, 209, 210, 218, 220, 222, 223, 231, 233, 240,

291, 302, 303, 308, 309, 319, 320, 333, 362, 363,

382, 383, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392,

433, 437, 438, 441, 442, 445, 448, 449, 457

Censusing, Singing Ground Studies
6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,

55, 56, 65, 73, 84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 106,

117, 127, 131, 132, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145,,

156, 157, 161, 164, 168, 169, 173, 179, 183,

212, 213, 225, 242, 249, 250, 251, 256, 257,

275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283,

340, 342, 343, 353, 355, 356, 357, 358, 361,

383, 386, 397, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404,

424, 429, 437, 438, 443, 446, 447, 454, 459,

40, 42, 43, 44, 48, 54,

107, 108, 109, 112, 114,

146, 147, 148, 149, 155,

186, 194, 196, 199, 208,

258, 259, 264, 265, 266,

288, 300, 312, 335, 338,

367, 373, 374, 381, 382,

405, 406, 410, 418, 419,
462

Distribution, Range, Sightings

2, 23, 50, 53, 67, 69, 120, 121, 152, 170, 171, 172, 195, 201, 204, 205,

206, 211, 220, 222, 225, 299, 304, 311, 312, 337, 399, 411, 422, 452,

458

Feeding, Food Habits

51, 77, 103, 119, 123, 136, 137, 150, 192, 193, 215, 216, 217, 235, 287,

296, 300, 317, 327, 333, 346, 359, 360, 372, 389, 390, 407, 414, 415,

454

Habitat

20, 50, 51, 63, 64, 78, 79, 92, 93, 98, 105, 110, 129, 136, 137, 138,

140, 150, 152, 156, 170, 171, 180, 188, 189, 192, 193, 200, 201, 224,

225, 231, 232, 234, 236, 243, 244, 251, 265, 266, 286, 287, 290, 300,

301, 309, 310, 312, 313, 317, 333, 335, 337, 338, 340, 341, 347, 359,

360, 361, 365, 378, 380, 382, 395, 399, 417, 427, 428, 430, 431, 439,

451, 452, 453

43

7. Harvest

40, 42, 43, 44, 48, 66, 76, 80, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 98, 101,

102, 153, 170, 171, 175, 177, 179, 181, 182, 183, 185, 211, 220, 222,

227, 231, 234, 238, 245, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 303, 318,

329, 335, 337, 338, 370, 388, 396, 418, 425, 437, 438, 448, 449, 461

8. Life History Studies, Review Articles

3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 57, 60, 61, 68, 75, 92, 111,
113, 160, 165, 167, 207, 237, 239, 285, 295, 298, 306, 325, 326, 371,
384, 385, 394, 425, 430, 440

9. Management

8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 40, 42, 43, 44, 66, 76, 84, 85,
86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 97, 101, 110, 111, 127, 128, 136, 138, 153,
168, 170, 171, 175, 177, 179, 181, 182, 183, 190, 192, 193, 208, 220,
224, 238, 245, 256, 257, 258, 259, 265, 284, 301, 305, 318, 323, 333,
335, 337, 338, 341, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 360, 367, 370, 375, 380,
390, 395, 425, 448, 449, 461

10. Migration

16, 17, 30, 34, 38, 51, 76, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 139, 163, 169, 170,

171, 220, 222, 223, 244, 268, 296, 337, 353, 356, 357, 358, 364, 368,
377, 382, 399, 417, 419, 420, 426, 452, 461

11. Mortality

16, 22, 35, 47, 96, 124, 182, 191, 222, 244, 260, 262, 268, 310, 388,
444

12. Other

1, 6, 24, 33, 36, 49, 51, 52, 58, 59, 69, 72, 77, 95, 150, 151, 154,

172, 176, 190, 202, 203, 206, 230, 246, 273, 284, 294, 295, 296, 323,
328, 331, 347, 351, 352, 368, 415, 423, 434, 435, 436, 444, 450, 455

13. Parasites and Diseases

39, 41, 58, 59, 130, 141, 179, 198, 221, 241, 247, 267, 270, 321, 332,
334, 336, 339, 345, 389, 408, 416

14. Pesticides

46, 52, 81, 115, 122, 125, 126, 159, 214, 271, 272, 314, 315, 316, 369,
412, 413, 414, 460

15. Plumage and Molt

20, 135, 307, 344, 386, 389, 390

16. Population Studies

16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 65, 82, 106, 161, 163, 164, 169, 173, 174, 177,

178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 208, 210, 213, 222, 245, 248, 256, 260, 262,

288, 303, 353, 355, 356, 357, 358, 382, 385, 386, 388, 389, 391, 399,

425, 437, 438, 440, 443, 448, 449, 461, 462

As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the
Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands
and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of our land
and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the
environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical
places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor
recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources
and works to assure that their development is in the best interests of all
our people. The Department also has a major responsibility for American
Indian reservation communities and for people who live in island
territories under U.S. administration.

GPO 848 -468

UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE

EDITORIAL OFFICE

AYLESWORTH HALL, CSU

"ORT COLLINS, COLORADO 80523

POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
U S DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

INT 423

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