478

AGE AND SIZE COMPOSITION OF
THE MENHADEN CATCH ALONG THE
ATLANTIC COAST OF THE
UNITED STATES. 1959

WITH A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE COMMERCIAL FISHERY
by William R. Nicholson and Joseph R. Higham, Jr.

VOODS HOLE, _J

SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT-FISHERIES Na 478

UNITED STATES DEPART^«mjO|^jm_mT^^

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Stewart L. Udall, Secretary

James K. Carr, Under Secretary

Frank P. Briggs, Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, Clarence F. Pautzke, Commis.^ioner

Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Donald L. McKernan, Director

AGE AND SIZE COMPOSITION OF THE MENHADEN
CATCH ALONG THE ATLANTIC COAST OF THE
UNITED STATES, 1959

WITH A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE COMMERCIAL FISHERY

by
William R. Nicholson aind Joseph R. Higham, Jr.

\

United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Special Scientific Report--Fisheries No. 478

Washington, D.C.

July, 1964

CONTENTS

Page

Introduction 1

Review of the 1959 purse seine fishery 2

South Atlantic Area 2

Chesapeake Bay Area 3

Middle Atlantic Area 3

North Atlantic Area 3

North Carolina fall fishery 4

Distribution of purse seine sets 4

Sampling of the catch 6

Age composition 6

Length composition 7

Weight composition 12

Average length and weight 13

Discussion , 16

Summary 16

Acknowledgment 17

Literature Cited 17

Appendix 18

FIGURES

Frontispiece: "Drying up" a catch of Atlantic menhaden prior to being pumped
into the hold of the carrier vessel. The fish are confined in a pocket of the
seine which is suspended between the carrier vessel and the two purse boats.

1. Map showing areas used in summarizing Atlantic menhaden catch data, location

of menhaden reduction plants, and location of places mentioned in the text.. 2

2. Distribution of purse seine sets for Atlantic menhaden, 1959 5

3. Age composition of Atlantic menhaden from purse seine catches, 1959 8

4. Length composition of samples of Atlantic menhaden from purse seine

catches, 1959 10

5. Length frequencies of male and female Atlantic menhaden in samples from purse

seine catches, 1959 12

6. Weight composition of samples of Atlantic menhaden purse seine catches,

1959 13

TABLES

1. Catch, number of purse seine sets, and catch per set, Atlantic menhaden

purse seine fishery, 1955-59 2

2. Number of samples of Atlantic menhaden taken from purse seine catches, 1959 6

3. Age composition (in percent) and calculated number of Atlantic menhaden (in

millions) at each age in purse seine catches, 1955-59 7

4. Age composition (in percent) of Atlantic menhaden purse seine catches, by

area and season, 1955-59 9

5. Calculated number of Atlantic menhaden (in millions) at each age in purse

seine catches, by area and season, 1955-59 11

6. Sex ratio of Atlantic menhaden in purse seine catches, by area and season,

1959 13

7. Mean fork length (in millimeters) of Atlantic menhaden at each age in purse

seine catches, by area and season, 1955-59 14

8. Mean weight (grams) of Atlantic menhaden at each age in purse seine catches,

by area and season, 1955-59 15

iii

«• aj" 6'" eo'

6/= 66* t3* i**

^ . ""^ ':!. {flU^'^^

u--«^.^ «"*^'°

""■' ^«^^^

f^iu^ic

Figure l.--Map showing areas used in summarizing Atlantic menhaden catch
data, location of menhaden reduction plants, and location of places mentioned
in the text.

Iv

AGE AND SIZE COMPOSITION OF THE MENHADEN

CATCH ALONG THE ATLANTIC COAST OF
THE UNITED STATES, 1959

WITH A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE COMMERCIAL FISHERY

by

William R. Nicholson and Joseph R. Highann, Jr.

Fishery Research Biologists

Bureau of Comnnercial Fisheries

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Beaufort, North Carolina

ABSTRACT

There were 705,000 tons of Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) caught dur-
ing the 1959 purse seine fishery with 614,000 tons taken during the summer fish-
ery and 91,000 tons during the North Carolina fall fishery. This was the second
largest catch in the period 1955-59. The number of purse seine sets (33,099) also
reached a record in the same 5-year period. The mean catch per set (21 tons)
was the same as in 1958, when the smallest catch (551,000 tons) in 5 years was
taken.

The near-record catch was primarily the result of two exceptionally large year
classes. The 1958 year class (age-1 fish) constituted 91 percent of the catch in the
South Atlantic Area, 90 percent in the Chesapeake Bay Area, and 58 percent in the
Middle Atlantic Area. The 1956 year class accounted for 58 percent of the catch in
the North Atlantic Area and 58 percent in the North Carolina fall fishery. Mean length
and weight of age-1 fish in all areas was the smallest in 5 years. Summer catches
in all areas comprised fish which, on the average, were smaller than in previous
years. Catches in the North Carolina fall fishery comprised fish that were larger
than in previous years, the increase being due primarily to the absence of age-0 fish
in the catches.

INTRODUCTION

Purse seine catches of Atlantic menhaden
(Brevoortia tyrannus) have been sampled each
year since 1955 as part of the biological in-
vestigations being conducted by the Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries. Sampling was designed
to measure age, size, and sex composition to
determine if changes in catch were related to

changes in fishing effort or fish abundance
(June and Reintjes, 1959).

This report, the fifth of a series, reviews
the 1959 purse seine fishery and summarizes
the catch-sampling data. As in previous re-
ports, the summer fishery is reviewed and
summarized by four geographical areas (fig.
1), while the North Carolina fall fishery is

treated separately. The catch, number of
purse seine sets, catchper set, and summaries
of the number, age, length, weight, and sex of
Atlantic menhaden in the catches are in-
cluded. Unusual or significant aspects of the
1959 fishery are discussed.

REVIEW OF THE 1959
PURSE SEINE FISHERY

The Atlantic menhaden purse seine catch
in 1959 was 705,000 tons (Power, 1961), only
35 tons less than the record catch of 1956.
An increase over the catch of 1958 was re-
corded for every major area (table 1). In the
"summer" fishery (late April to early Novem-
ber) 614,000 tons were landed, 45 tons less
than the 1956 record. In the North Carolina
"fall" fishery (mid-November to mid- January),
91,000 tons were landed, 10,000 more than the
record in 1956.

There were 33,099 purse seine sets made,
a record for the 5 years, 1955 to 1959 (table 1).
The number of sets increased over that in
1958 in every area in the summer fishery,
but decreased in the North Carolina fall fishery.
For the third consecutive year, the number of
sets increased in the Chesapeake Bay Area
and reached a maximum of ll,214setsin 1959.
This was 2,449 more than the previous record
of 8,765 in 1958. The mean catch per set (21
tons) was slightly greater than in 1957, but

slightly less than in 1958. The mean catch
per set in the summer fishery (20 tons) was
greater than in 1958 in all except the Middle
Atlantic Area, and was greatest for the 5-year
period in the North Carolina fall fishery (46
tons).

The number of vessels in the summer fishery
was 129, an increase of 13 above the number
in 1958, but 4 less than the record number in
1957. There were 55 vessels in the North
Carolina fall fishery, 6 less than in 1958 and
8 less than in 1957.

South Atlantic Area

The first purse seine catches of the 1959
season were made on April 29 by three vessels
fishing off Jacksonville, Fla. Landings were
light until large schools of fish were located
off St. Augustine, Fla., on May 4. From then
until near the end of May, when high winds
and heavy seas interrupted fishing, large
catches were made. Landings during the month
amounted to 7,200 tons, the bulk of which was
taken off Fernandina Beach, Fla. In June,
schools were moderately abundant, and 7,900
tons were taken in the vincinity of Fernandina
Beach. Adverse weather restricted fishing in
July, and the catch amounted to only 2,300
tons. Fishing remained poor during the re-
mainder of the summer, and four vessels
stopped fishing on September 8. Sporadic fish-
ing was done by three vessels in the Fernandina

TABLE 1. — Catch, number of purse seine sets, and catch per set, Atlantic menhaden purse seine fishery, 1955-59

Season and area

Catch

Fishing activity

Average catch per purse-
seine set

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959'

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

L955

1956

1957

1958

1959

SUMMER FISHERY

South Atlantic

ChesapeaJie Bay . . , » ,
Middle Atlantic. ....
North Atlantic

Subtotal

PALL FISHERY

North Carolina

Total ........

1.8

\u

83
612

73
685

//.no

73

89

lW2

95

659

81
71*0

snnd

3?
118

31*2

78

576

56

632

ons

1*7
11*9
232

31*

1*62

78
51*0

75

I9I*

281

64

611*

V
705

2,526

5,667

13,120

2,862

2l*,1.8o

1,872
26,31*6

3,01*2

6,357

11*, 358

2,711*

26,360

2,531
28,1*62

be, nf s

2,375

8,1*28

15,51*5

3,250

30,316

1,1.71.
31,600

3,615
8,765
8,286
1,619

22,000

2,1*38
2l*,5l*5

5,187
11,211*
12,060

2,712

30,851*

1,971*
33,099

19
27
25
29

25

39
26

2l*

11*
28

35
25

32
26

Ten

16

11*

22

21*

19

38
20

13
17
28
21

a

32
22

15
17
23
21*

20

1.6
21

' Source; Fishery Statistics of the United States, 1959. By Edward A. Power, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Statistical Digest No. 51, «7 pp.

^ Slight discrepancies in numbers as given in previous reports and in subtotals and totals due to rounding off of figures.

^ The North Carolina fall fishery normally extends into January, therefore, catch total includes January 1960, but not
Januaiy 1959. Seasonal breakdown of the catch obtained from U. S. Fish and Wilflife Service. C.F.S. Nos. 2247 and 2252.

Beach area until October 15. Total landings in
this locality amounted to 22,000 tons.

One plant started operating at Yonges Island,
S.C., on May 18. Fishing was poor, however,
and the plant closed on August 20. Only
2,000 tons were landed by four vessels.

Fishing began in North Carolina waters on
May 4 when eight vessels from Southport
made moderate landings off Lockwoods Folly
Inlet and the mouth of the Cape Fear River.
On May 27, several large schools were found
between Georgetown and Murrells Inlet, S.C.
Over 3,500 tons of these fish were caught,
mostly in the vicinity of Pawleys Island and
Murrells Inlet. Schools became scarce in
July, and catches through the remainder of the
summer were light. Fishing by the Southport
fleet ended on October 3.

Eleven vessels from Beaufort, N.C., began
fishing on May 7. Landings reached a peak in
July when over 3,400 tons were landed. Fishing
continued in Bogue and Core Sounds until
October 22. There was little fishing in ocean
waters in this locality during the entire sum-
mer, but on November 2, young-of-the-year
(age-0) fish appeared simultaneously in ocean
waters off Ocracoke Inlet, N.C., and Ports-
mouth Island, N.C. Scattered catches of these
fish were made in early November. The last
landing of the summer season was made on
November 7.

Total summer landings in the South Atlantic
Area were 75,000 tons, 2,000 tons more than
the previous record in 1956. The largest share
of the summer catch was made in June (35
percent), followed by May (21 percent), July
(19 percent), August (14 percent), and April
(less than 1 percent). The mean catch per set
was 15 tons, 2 less than the 5-year mean
of 17.

Chesapeake Bay Area

The first catches of the 1959 season in
Chesapeake Bay were made on May 25 by a
fleet of 29 vessels. Landings within the Bay
were relatively large through the summer
and were augmented by good fishing off Chinco-
teague and Virginia Beach, Va. During October,
adverse weather restricted the vessels to the
upper Bay, and catches were markedly re-
duced. Twenty-two vessels terminated fishing

on October 29. The remaining seven vessels
continued fishing until November 9, when the
last catches were made off Virginia Beach.

Total landings by the Chesapeake Bay vessels
were 194,000 tons, an increase of 41,000 tons
over the record of 153,000 tons in 1955.
Landings during August accounted for 25 per-
cent of the season total, while September, June,
July, October, and May, respectively, ac-
counted for 21, 19, 18, 11, and 6 percent. The
mean catch per set was 17 tons, the same as
in 1958.

Middle Atlantic Area

Fishing began in the Middle Atlantic Area
on May 19. At that time, small, scattered
schools were located between Chincoteague,
Va., and the mouth of Delaware Bay. Landings
were small until May 29 when schools became
abundant along the northern New Jersey coast
and the western end of Long Island, N.Y. Land-
ings in June totaled over 71,000 tons. During
July and August, schools continued to be
abundant off southern New Jersey from Here-
ford Inlet to Atlantic City, N.J. During the
first week in October, larger, older fish began
congregating along the southern shore of Long
Island, but they disappeared abruptly on
October 17, Fishing terminated in the area on
October 21.

The purse seine catch in the Middle Atlantic
Area amounted to 281,000 tons as compared
with 402,000 tons in 1956, 342,000 tons in
1957, and 235,000 tons in 1958. The largest
catch was made in June (26 percent), followed
by August (25 percent), July (22 percent),
September (16 percent), October (8 percent),
and May (3 percent). The mean catch per set
was 23 tons, slightly less than the 5-year
average of 25 tons.

North Atlantic Area

The first landing was made on May 29 by a
vessel from Point Judith, R.I. Three additional
vessels joined the Point Judith fleet during the
first week of June. Ten vessels from Amagan-
sett, N.Y., commenced fishing on June 13,
followed by seven vessels from Gloucester,
Mass., on June 21. During the first week in
July, eight additional vessels were added to the
Gloucester fleet. On July 10, a single vessel

began fishing in the vicinity of Portland,
Maine. All vessels from Gloucester, Point
Judith, and Portland were small-to-medium-
sized otter trawlers that had been outfitted for
purse seining during the summer months.

The Amagansett fleet operated off Southern
Long Island during June and July. Foggy
weather restricted fishing during the latter
part of June, and catches were small. Weather
during July, however, was fair, and excellent
catches were made. When the schools disap-
peared from this locality in late July, the fleet
shifted to Nantucket Sound. Fish were reported
scattered and difficult to capture in this lo-
cality, and catches were small. During the
second week in August, schools began con-
centrating in Block Island Sound. The largest
landings of the season were made in this
locality during the remainder of the month
by the Amagansett and Point Judith fleets.
Schools became scattered again during Sep-
tember, and vessels scouted from Cape Cod
to eastern Long Island Sound. In early October,
the fleet concentrated in the waters off eastern
Long Island where fishing continued until
October 21.

Early-season landings in Narragansett Bay
by the Point Judith fleet were relatively light.
The largest landings of the season were made
in July. In mid-August, the fleet shifted to
Block Island Sound where good catches were
made through the end of the month. Following
the disappearance of schools in this locality,
the fleet returned to Narragansett Bay where
fishing continued until October 5.

The Gloucester fleet began fishing at the
eastern end of Cape Cod, but landings were
small, and the fleet shifted to Massachusetts
Bay during the first week. Adverse weather
restricted fishing during July. In August, the
weather improved, schools became more
abundant, and catches increased in both Nan-
tucket Sound and Massachusetts Bay. In late
July, the vessels moved Into Nantucket Sound,
where fishing was concentrated through the
first 3 weeks in August. During the last week
in August, fishing shifted to Boston Bay, but
the schools disappeared during the following
week, and the vessels returned to Nantucket
Sound where they continued fishing for the
remainder of the season. With the exception

of the first week of September, landings were
small during the remainder of the season, and
termination of fishing by most of the vessels
occurred on September 19. A single vessel,
however, continued to make occasional land-
ings until October 17.

Schools were reported scarce in Maine
waters during the entire season. Only four
purse seine landings were recorded, three in
July and one in August.

The purse seine catch in the North Atlantic
Area was 64,000 tons. This was an increase
of 29,000 tons over 1958. The greatest share
of the catch was made in August (30 percent),
followed by July (27 percent), September (24
percent), June (13 percent), October (5 per-
cent), and May (1 percent). The mean catch
per set was 24 tons, 3 less than the 5-year
average.

North Carolina Fall Fishery

The North Carolina fall fishery commenced
on November 12. Through November 20, fishing
was intense between Drum and Ocracoke Inlets,
but catches were small because of adverse
weather. Following a 6-day tie up, 62 vessels
resumed fishing on November 26 and continued
to November 30, by which time the fish had
moved to between Beaufort Inlet and New
River Inlet. After the disappearance of the fish
off New River Inlet on November 30, another
large school appeared off Hatteras Shoals on
December 2. Fishing was productive for 2 days
and then was curtailed because of adverse
weather through December 8. On December 9,
large concentrations of fish were located be-
tween Beaufort and Wrightsville Beach. Ex-
cellent landings continued to be made from
these large schools until they disappeared off
New River Inlet on December 18.

The season ended on January 11 when the
last landing was made off Beaufort Inlet. Over
91,000 tons were landed during the fall fishery.
The mean catch per set was 21 tons.

DISTRIBUTION OF PURSE
SEINE SETS

The calculated numbers of purse seine sets
within 10-minute unit areas are shown in
figure 2. Fishing occurred from the northern

80*

■ao*

80»

Figure 2,--Distribution of purse seine sets for Atlantic menhaden, 1959.

5

coast of Florida to the southern edge of the
Gulf of Maine, with practically all sets being
made inside the 100-fathom contour. As in
previous years, the greatest fishing activity
(200 sets or more) occurred in Chesapeake
Bay and waters northward to the southern
coast of Long Island. The number of sets in-
creased over that in 1958 along the coast of
northern Florida, southern Georgia, and Cape
Cod. In the latter locality, however, there were
fewer sets than in 1955 and 1956 and fishing
did not extend as far northward. The number of
sets in Delaware Bay was approximately the
same as in 1957 and 1958.

SAMPLING OF THE CATCH

Sampling methods employed in 1959 followed
those described by June and Reintjes (1959).
The number of samples taken at the different
locations is given in table 2. As in 1958,

TABLE 2.--N\amber of samples of Atlantic
menhaden taken from purse seine catches,
1959

Season and locality

SUMMER FISHERY

Femandina, Fla ,

Yonges Island, S.C.......

Southport, N.C ,

Beaufort, N.C ,

Reedville, Va. .......... ,

Lewes, Del......... ,

Wildwood, N.J...... ,

Port Monmoxith, N.J ,

Amagansett, N.Y

Samples

Number

55

4

31

37

203

131

107

113

134

Gloucester, Mass

36

Subtotal

851

FALL FISHERY

Beaufort -Morehead City,
N. C

58

Total

909

landings at Portland, Maine, were negligible,
and no sample was taken. Fishing was resumed
at Yonges Island, S.C., for the first time since
1955, but fishing was so sporadic that only
four samples were obtained. Thenumber of tons
of fish landed per sample taken was 722 for
the summer fishery and 1,569 for the North
Carolina fall fishery.

Age Composition

The percentage age composition and the
calculated numbers of fish at each age in the
purse seine catches from 1955 to 1959 are
listed in table 3.

The record catch of 5.5 billion fish in 1959
was the result of an exceptionally strong year
class in 1958. Age-1 fish accounted for 74.7
percent of the catch, the highest percentage
for age-1 fish in the 5-year period. The
calculated number of age-1 fish in the catch
(4.1 billion) exceeded by over 2 billion the
previous record in 1956 (2.1 billion). The catch
of age-2 fish (1957 year class), in percent of
catch and total numbers, was the lowest in the
5-year period (0.9 billion), while the catch of
age-3 fish (1956 year class) was the highest
in the 5-year period (0.4 billion). In 1958, the
1956 year class, as age-2 fish, set a record
catch, both in numbers and percent of total
catch. The catch of age-0 fish was the small-
est in the 5-year period, due primarily to the
abstention of fishing on this age group during
the North Carolina fall fishery.

The percentage age composition of the
catches in different areas for 1959 is shown
in figure 3 and listed in table 4. The calculated
numbers of fish in the different age groups are
listed in table 5.

In the South Atlantic Area, the catch com-
prised only three age groups. Age-1 fish (1958
year class) ranked first (90.9 percent); age-2
fish (1957 year class), second (9.0 percent);
and age-3 fish (1956 year class), third (0.2
percent). In combined numbers of fish, the
catch almost equalled the recent record in
1956.

The catch of 2.28 million fish in Chesapeake
Bay was almost twice the record in 1957.
Age-1 fish (1958 year class) accounted for 90.1
percent, and age-2 fish (1957 year class) for
9.0 percent of the catch.

TABLE 3. --Age composition (in percent) and calculated number of Atlantic menhaden (in millions)

at each age in purse seine catches, 1955-59

(Most numerous age group underscored)

AGE COMPOSITION

Age

Year

0

1

2

3

h

5

6

7

8-10

Total

1955 • • •

2it.71

20.68

3U.2I

8.73

10.01

1.23

0.35

0.06

0.02

100.00

1956 . . .

1.00

57.16

25.97

9.61

1.26

U.18

0.67

0.12

0.02

99.99

1957 . . •

&.k6

^1.97

Ul.OO

3.26

2.52

l.UO

1.22

0.12

O.OU

99.99

1958 ■ . •

3.81

30. 85

60.93

2.72

0.62

0.56

0.32

0.17

+

99.98

1959 . • •

0.21

7^.69

16.27

7.58

0.67

0.22

0.2lt

0.08

0.03

99.99

NUMBER OF FISH

1955 . . .

761.01

536.86

1,053-^7

263.87

308.21

37.95

10.75

1.88

0.59

3,079.59

1956 . . .

36.37

2,072.95

91H-71

3U8.I+2

1+5.60

151 •'+9

2I+.38

1+.1+7

0.88

3,626.27

1957 • . •

300.77

1,1+91.13

1,1+56.63

115.96

89.72

1+9.66

^3M

U.3I+

1.27

3,552.91

1958 . . .

106.06

858.29

1,691*. 99

75.75

17.31

15.61

9.01

1+.69

0.10

2,781.81

1959 . . •

11.1+0

1+,120.10

897.3*+

1+18.1+2

37.15

12.35

13.06

I+.7I

1.82

5,516.35

In the Middle Atlantic Area, age-1 fish
(1958 year class) constituted the largest per-
centage (57.9 percent) of the catch for the
first time in 5 years. In previous years, the
highest percentage contribution by this age
group was 22.2 percent in 1957. The per-
centage (30.3 percent) of age-2 fish (1957 year
class) fell below 50 percent for the first time
in 5 years. Age-3 fish (1956 year class)
contributed the highest percentage (11.3 per-
cent) since 1956. The percentage of older age
groups continued to be negligible. In numbers
of fish, the 1959 catch was the highest in the
5-year period and substantially above the pre-
vious high in 1957.

In the North Atlantic Area, the trend con-
tinued toward younger age groups. Age-1 fish
(1958 year class) contributed a sizable portion
(4.6 percent) of the catch for the first time in
5 years. Age-2 fish accounted for 21.1 percent;
this was less than the contribution by age-2
fish in 1957 and 1958, but much higher than
that in 1955 or 1956. Age-3 fish (1956 year
class) dominated the catch (57.9 percent). This
constituted the highest contribution by this
age group in 5 years. The combined percentage
of age groups older than age-3 continued to

decline and was the lowest in 5 years. In
numbers of fish, the catch was nearly twice
that of 1958, but did not very markedly from
the catches in 1955, 1956, and 1957.

In the North Carolina fall fishery, the most
noticeable change in the age composition of the
catch was the almost complete absence of age-0
fish. The reduction resulted from a decision
by plant operators not to fish on this age group
and did not reflect a change in relative abun-
dance of this age group. The catch in 1959
ranked lowest for the 5-year period, 1955-59.
It ranked second, however, when age-0 fish
were deleted from the catches in previous
years. The age composition of the catch in the
North Carolina fall fishery (in percent) was
nearly identical to the age composition (in
percent) of the catch in the North Atlantic.

Length Composition

The length-frequency distributions of fish in
samples from the purse seine catches in each
area are shown in figure 4. (See also appendix
1-5).

The length-frequency distribution of the
catch in the South Atlantic Area was similar
to that in 1958. Lengths in 1959 ranged from

B

a- 0

S 50
u. 25

SOUTH ATLANTIC AREA

JSSL.

CHESAPEAKE RAY AREA

^ a^:

MIDDLE ATUNTIC M<SA

NOUTH ATUNTIC AREA

m m ^»

r....... .♦!♦$!♦: sa?t- a«g.

""*» ""— - ■ —

NORTH CAROLINA

FALL FISHERY

1959 1955 1957 1956 1955 1954 195! 1952 1951
^"E.AR CLA.SS

Figure 3,--Age composition of Atlantic menhaden from
purse seine catches, 1959.

105 to 245 mm. The mode at 150 mm. reflected
the preponderance of age-1 fish, and the
positive skewness reflected the presence of
age-2 fish.

Lengths in the Chesapeake Bay Area ranged
from 110 to 250 mm. The dominant mode at
160 mm. resulted from the preponderance of
age-1 fish. A secondary peak, representing
age-2 fish, occurred at 210 mm.

The length-frequency distribution of the
catch in the Middle Atlantic Area was bimodal
and ranged from 130 to 355 mm. Peaks oc-
curred at 175 mm. and 230 mm. and repre-
sented age-1 and age-2 fish, respectively.
Age-3 fish constituted about 16 percent of the
catch, but were not sufficiently numerous to
create a third peak on the frequency distribu-
tion.

In the North Atlantic Area, three length
groups (one major and two minor) were ap-
parent in the frequency distribution. A dominant
mode at 270 mm. represented age-2 and age-3
fish. Minor peaks at 205 mm. and 320 mm.
represented age-1 and age-4-and-older fish,
respectively.

The lengths of fish in samples from the North
Carolina fall fishery ranged from approxi-
mately 115 to 360 mm. Because age-0 fish
were taken in negligible numbers, there were
fewer fish in the smaller size classes than
in previous years.

Two important changes were apparent in the
length- frequency distributions for 1959. First,
in the North Carolina fall fishery, the smaller
size classes contained fewer fish than in

TABLE 4. --Age composition (in percent) of Atlantic menhaden purse seine
catches, by area and season, 1955-59

(Most numerous age group underscored)

Area, year

Age

and season

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8-10

SUMMER FISHERY

South Atlani

1955 .

1956 .

1957 .

:ic:

1.66

3.65
0.32

65.22
9B.9B
32.47
68 M
90.90

27.02

0.94

63.76

3.32
0.05
0.12

1.79
0.15

2.77
0.02

0.06

—

—

—

—

1958 .

1959 .

29.40
8.95

::

Chesapeake Bay:
1955 ....

1.63

0.25
o.oU
0.U7

M^.77
90.91
«5.22
U6.32
90.12

51.30

l.5i^
0.07
0.26
0.50
0.65

0.69

0.02

0.08

0.06

0.01
0.04

**"*

—

1956 .

1957 .

1958 .

• •

• •

• •

• •

9.02
14.25

53.01

—

1959 .

8.76

—

Middle Atlantic:
1955 ....

—

1.81
14.78
22. 24

2.5^
57.9^

55.79

23.18

18.08

4.26

2.21

11.31

17.43
1.44
2.62
0.12
0.30

i.4o
1.41
1.26
0.03
0.06

0.26
0.26
1.02
0.02
0.07

0.10
0.06
0.03

o.o4

0.01

1956 .

• •

• •

• •

63.96

0.01

1957 .

6«.51

0.05

1958 .

95.08

—

1959 ....

30.27

—

North Atlani

1955 .

1956 .

:ic:

• •

• •

• •

—

0.91

0.16

4.62

0.25

6.41

45.00

13.94

36.35
18.79
24.47
57.90

67.55
8.22

16.06
8.43
7.56

12.84
40.96

4.65

6.42

8.95
5.13

3.20

0.54

1.29
1.46

2.36

1.77

0.22
0.36

1957 .

8.59
6.75
3.11

0.24

1958 .

52.58

o.n

1959 ....

21.13

0.71

FATiT, FISHERY

North Carolina:

1955 ....

1956 ....

1957 ....

1958 ....

1959 ....

87.19

16.12

7^.20

38.07

0.39

3.61
26.78

3.24

10.73
3.84

6.00

11.95

6.08

35.86

20.11

0.86

16.61

4.07

7.18

58.00

1.96
4.15
5.4o
2.63
10.30

0.32
20.61
3.84
3.14
3-21

o.o4

3.31
2.89

1.48
3.4o

0.46
0.25
0.91
0.44

0.01
0.02
0.30

15

10

0
10

n

10

s

a.

s

5

<y

10 -

10

N= 13500

N- 34700

N= 17395

N- 5900

SOUTH ATLANTIC AREA
^3 AGE-l FISH iMj AGE-3 FISH

AOE-2 FISH

AGE-4 AND
OLDER FISH

CHESAPEAKE BAY AREA

mDDLE ATLANTIC AREA

NORTH ATLANTIC AREA

NORTH CAROLINA FALL FISHERY

■ I I I I

80 100 120 140 160 ISO 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360

FORK LENGTH (MM.)
Figure 4.--Length composition of samples of Atlantic menhaden from purse seine catches, 1959.

10

previous years. This resulted primarily from
the near complete absence of age-0 fish, but
also from the decrease in numbers of age-1
fish, even though this age group dominated the
summer fishery in the South Atlantic, Chesa-
peake Bay, and Middle Atlantic Areas. The
second change was the shift to smaller size
classes in the Middle Atlantic and North
Atlantic Areas. The shift in the Middle Atlantic
Area resulted from the dominance of age-1,
rather than age-2, fish, as in previous years;
and in the North Atlantic Area, from the

greater numbers of age-1 fish as compared
with previous years.

All of the features noted in the length-
frequency distributions of previous years were
present in the 1959 data. These have been
discussed in other reports in this series (June
and Reintjes, 1959, 1960; June 1961; June and
Nicholson, 1964).

The length-frequency distributions of males
and females are shown in figure 5. As in

TABLE 5. --Calculated number of Atlantic menhaden (In millions) at each age in purse seine

catches, by area and season, 1955-59

(Most numerous age group undersc

;ored)

Area, year

4ge

Total

and season

0

1

2

3

1+

5

6

7

8-10

SUMMER FISHKRY

South Atlantic:

1955 ....

1956 ....

1957 - - - -

1958 ....

1959 ....

6.51
13.27

1.1+7

255.20

1,1^+7. 88

llY.91

315.20

1,051.86

105. 7^+

10.91

231-56

135-39
103-53

13.01
0.63
0.1+2
8.25
1.72

10.83
0.23

0.26

0.02

~

"

~

391.29

1,159.67

363.16

1+60.57

1,157.12

ChesapesJse Bay:

1955 ....

1956 ....

12.18

3.12

0.1*8

10.71

33I+.2I+
67I+.37

382.92

66.90
176.58
561.76
200.20

11.52
0.1+9
3.22
5.25

1I+.78

5.17

0.22
0.90

0.1+3

0.08
0.39

~

~

—

7I+6.I+6
71+1.76

1957 ....

1958 ....

1959 ....

1,056.16

1+90-55

2,058.36

1,239.38
1,059.66
2,281+.0l+

Middle Atlantic:

1955 ....

1956 ....

—

16.66
190.28
302.78

22.73
99I+-72

513.31
823-35

312.26

232.82

58.05

19.75

19I+.19

160.1+0

18.60

35.72

1.07

5.13

12.90

18.19

17.15

0.31

1.02

2.3I+
3.31
13-92
0.17
1.22

0.96
0.71
0.1+0

0.75

0.12
0.13
0.69

1,018.95
1,287.39

1957 ....

9'Jy.53

1,361.21+

89I+.66

1,716.73

1958 ....

1959 ....

8^0.63
519.71

North Atlantic:

1955 ....

1956 ....

1957 ... -

1958 ....

1959 ....

—

1.87
0.1I+
8.28

0.1+2
13.58
92.66
1+9.13
37.92

23.76
77.00
38.68
22.87
103.91

115.10

17.1+1

33.07

7.88

13.58

21.88

86.78

lY.69'

6.31

5.59

7.93

13.59

18.1+1+

I+.80

5.75

0.92
2.73
2.99

2.21

3.18

0.37
0.75
0.50
0.10

1.28

170.38
211.81+
205.90

93'^
179.1+8

FALL FISHERY

North Carolina:

1955 ....

1956 ....

71+2.32
281+!39

30.76
60.1+2

51.08
26.97

23.30
98.08

35.99

7.32

37.1+3

15.60

19.63

103.81

16.71
9.36

20.72
7.20

I8.l4i+

2.7'^
1+6.50

8.60
5.75

0.39
7.1+8

11.07
I+.0I+
6.09

1.03
0.95
2.1*8
0.78

0.10

0.08
0.54

851.1+2
225.61

1957 - - - .

12. 1+1

29.3^
6.87

383.26

1958 ....

106.06

273.^^8

1959 ....

0.69

178.96

11

T — I r — I — =f"

so 100 120 140 160 l&O 200 220 240 260 2S0 }00 i20 J40 J60
FORK LENOTH (MM.)

Figure 5. — Len^ith frequencies of male and female
Atlantic menhaden in samples from purse seme
catches, li)5D.

previous years, there was a size difference
between the sexes. The ratio of females to
males is given for each area in table 6. As in
previous years (except 1958), females out-
numbered the males in all except the South
Atlantic Area.

Weight Composition

The weight-frequency distributions of fish
in samples from the purse seine catches in
1959 are shown for each area in figure 6 (See
also appendix tables 6-10).

12

TABLE 6. --Sex ratio of Atlantic menhaden in purse
seine catches, by area and season, 1959

Area and
season

Males

Females

Ratio of
females
to males

SUMMER FISHERY

South Atlantic . .
Chesapeake Bay . .
Middle Atlantic .
North Atlantic . .

1,238
1,718
3,505
1,521+

1,231
1,91+8
3,655
1,825

.99
1.13
l.OU
1.19

t'ALL J-'iSUEKY

North Carolina . .

538

605

1.12

The curves for the South Atlantic, Chesa-
peake Bay, and Middle Atlantic Areas were
similar in that they were either unimodal or
bimodal and positively skewed. The greater
range in weights in the Middle Atlantic Area
resulted from thepresenceof older age groups,
in the North Atlantic Area and North Carolina
fall fishery, the curves were similar and
encompassed a wide range of weights, with no
suggestion of a clear-cut mode.

Average Length and Weight

The mean lengths and weights of fish at each
age, by sex, in the 1959 catches are shown in
appendix tables 11-15. The mean lengths and
weights for the past 5 years are summarized
in tables 7 and 8.

BODY WEIGHT (C.)

Figure 6. --Weight composition of samples of Atlantic menhaden from purse seine catches, 1959,

13

TABLE 7. — Mean fork length (in millimeters) of Atlantic menhaden at each age in
purse seine catches, by area and seasin, 1955-59

(Most numerous age group underscored)

Area, year
and season

Age

7

10

Mean

SUMMER FISHERY

South Atlantic:

1955 .

1956 .

1957 .

1958 .

1959 .

Chesapeake Bay:

1955 .

1956 .

1957 .

1958 .

1959 .

Middle Atlantic

1955 .

1956 .

1957 .

1958 .

1959 .

North Atlantic:

1955 . . .

1956 . . .

1957 . . .

1958 . . .

1959 . . .

128

129

132

152

158
118
155

FALL FISHERY

North Carolina:

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

123
118
129
116
lUl

168

1^
167
168

1S3

199
187
180
189
162

228
221

200
214
180

218
223
210

209
182
181
202
177

195
198
190
190
199

236
222
221

213
215

259

240
239
23U

277
277
266

255

2S0

259
262
285
261^

262

208

2li^
218
202
218

2hh

293
223
230
23k

279
286

279
253
255

287
290
292
292

280

282
298
302
30U
290

212
22U

211

251

267
307

290

302

309

300
308

301
307
309
310
312

30U
308
31)+
315
312

234

2I+2

252
311

300
311
31U

313
302

316

317
321
320

317
312

319
32U

323

31)+

317
317
323
319

323
322
321

328
328

321
318
322
328

327

333
321

306

310
332
32U

327

327

330
328
322
330
333

325
323
330

331

336
336
321
3hh
339

338
33I+
3I+1

3^7
3i+o

332

335

3kh

177
160
180

175
158

219
191
186
202
169

27^+
261+

2U0
239

211

303
306

295

281
280

215
253
269
2hh

283

14

TABLE 8. — Mean weight (grams) of Atlantic menhaden at each age in purse seine

catches, by area and season, 1955-59

(Most numerous age group underscored)

Area, year
and season

SUMMER FISHERY

South Atlantic

1955 .

1956 .

1957 .

1958 .

1959 .

Chesapeake Bay:

1955 .

1956 .

1957 .

1958 .

1959 .

Middle Atlantic

1955 .

1956 .

1957 .

1958 .

1959 .

North Atlantic

1955 .

1956 .

1957 .

1958 .

1959 .

FALL FISHERY

North Carolina:

1955 . . . .

1956 . . . ,

1957 . . . .

1958 . . . ,

1959 . . . ,

Age

O

35

32

1^0

60

28
66

31

28

26
kG

22
67
H3
8i±
62

lh2
118

97

225

206
1U9

183
100

190
181
169

166
116
9h
155
107

125
I3I1

117
120
138

196

171
162
70 iPi

317

260
231

Uoi

395
352
317
331

356
3I16
452
360
3^3

155
176
190
1U3
179

262

181
21U
20U

l^.oi^
kh8
h29
319
31U

k26
hhk
U71

U93
U21

U60
516
5^+0

573
k66

157
217

157

278

257
469

ii57
522

589
506
543

U9U
521
566

583

566

563
606
668
586

22U

235

327
1^80

505
582
608
578
531

589
607

661

631

6i^8
582
636
722
6)12

596
629
621
617
599

6U1
615
638

693
684

690
6U2
646

7/;i

678

712

643
535

606

691
658
660
711
720

643
664
756
703

543
688
630

634

10

732
725
706

833
750

806
784
737

760
766
612

740

774

Mean

98

69

102

96

70

185
125
108
142

81

385

359
270
262

181

514

522

497
448

429

256

373
450

344

449

15

The mean length of fish in all areas except
the North Carolina fall fishery, and the mean
weight of fish in all areas except the South
Atlantic Area and North Carolina fall fishery,
declined sharply and were the smallest in the
5-year period. This decline resulted from the
increase of age-1 fish in the catches. The
mean length and weight of fish in the North
Carolina fall fishery were the highest in the
5-year period. This increase was due to the
almost complete absence of age-0 fish in the
catch. Age-1 fish were smaller, lighter, and
more abundant in 1959 than in any of the
previous 4 years. Also, fish in each age
group increased in size and weight from south
to north. Those caught in the North Carolina
fall fishery were generally larger and heavier
than those caught in the summer fishery.

DISCUSSION

Increased exploitation of younger and
smaller fish was suggested as a possible cause
for the continued decline in yield of Atlantic
menhaden in those areas dependent on older
age groups (June and Nicholson, 1964). In the
1959 summer fishery, a greater number of
fish was landed than in any previous year,
yet the total yield was 45 tons less than in
1956, the record year for tonnage landed. The
1959 catch in all except the North Atlantic
Area comprised mostly age-1 fish. In the South
Atlantic and Chesapeake Bay Areas, record
catches were landed, but in the Middle Atlantic
Area, where normally the catch is composed
mostly of age-2 fish, the yield of 281,000 tons
was the second largest in the past 5 years
and 121 tons less than the record in 1956. In
the North Atlantic Area, the catch, which
usually comprises age-3 and older ages, con-
sisted mostly of age-3 and younger ages in
1959. It was next to the smallest in the past
5 years.

The number of purse seine sets reached a
new high in 1959 in the South Atlantic and
Chesapeake Bay Areas, but was next to the
smallest in 5 years in both the Middle Atlantic
and North Atlantic Areas. The record tonnages
in areas exploiting primarily age-1 fish, in a
year when record numbers of fish were landed.

further suggests over-exploitation of the
younger age groups.

The 1958 year class undoubtedly is one of
the largest in recent years, and as age-2
fish should provide record catches in the
Middle Atlantic and possibly the North Atlantic
Areas in 1960. In view of the unprecedented
exploitation of this year class at age-1, how-
ever, the 1961 catches, while expected to be
high, probably will fall short of the record set
in 1956.

The North Carolina fall fishery, in contrast
to the summer fishery, set a new record
tonnage in 1959, but the number of fish caught
was less than in any of the preceding 4 years.
The decrease in numbers resulted from the
almost complete absence of age-0 fish (pur-
posely not exploited) and from smaller catches
of age-1 and age-2 fish. Fishing was negligible
in January because age-0 fish were not ex-
ploited. Consequently, nearly all fishing oc-
curred in Novem.ber and December. The
record yield, which comprised mainly age-3
and older fish, and the larger number of sets
were further evidence that weather, rather
than abundance, is the factor lin^iting the catch
in the North Carolina fall fishery.

SUMMARY

1. The 1959 purse seine catch of Atlantic men-
haden (Brcvoortia tyrrmnus) Was 705,000 tons,
the second largest in the history of the
fishery. Landings in the summer fishery
amounted to 614.000 tons; in the North
Carolina fall fishery, 91,000 tons. The
number of purse seine sets amounted to
33,009, the largest in the 5-year period,
1955-59. The average catch per set (21
tons) was slightly greater than in previous
years. It was smallest in the South Atlantic
Area and greatest in the North Carolina
fall fishery. The greatest portion of the
catch was taken in the Middle Atlantic Area
and the smallest portion in the South
Atlantic Area.

2. The most productive fishing grounds were
essentially the same as in previous years

16

and included Chesapeake Bay and coastal
waters northward to the southern shore of
Long Island,

3, The large catch in 1959 was the result of
the exceptionally abundant 1958 year class.
This year class accounted for 90 percent
of the catch in the Chesapeake Bay and
South Atlantic Areas, 58 percent of the
catch in the Middle Atlantic Area, and 5
percent of the catch in the North Atlantic
Area. This was the first year since 1952
that age-1 fish contributed the major share
of the catch in the Middle Atlantic Area
and the first year on record that they
constituted more than a fraction of 1 per-
cent of the catch in the North Atlantic
Area. The 1956 year class (age-3 fish)
dominated the catch in the North Atlantic
Area and the North Carolina fall fishery.
In both fisheries, age-3-and-older fish
continued to constitute only a small per-
centage of the catches.

4. The mean lengths and weights in e£ch area
except the North Carolina fall fishery were
the smallest for any year from 1955 to
1959. Mean lengths and weights of age-1
fish in every area were the smallest for
the period.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We wish to express our appreciation to the
vessel captains and pilots who kept logs of
daily fishing activities, and to plant owners
and operators who provided facilities for
processing the catch samples and made avail-
able their records of vessel landings.

LITERATURE CITED

JUNE, FRED C.

1961. Age and size composition of the
menhaden catch along the Atlantic coast
of the United States, 1957; with a brief
review of the commercial fishery. U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Scien-
tific Report — Fisheries No. 373, 39 p.

JUNE, FRED C, and WILLIAM R. NICHOLSON.
1964. Age and size composition of the
menhaden catch along the Atlantic coast
of the United States, 1958; with a brief
review of the commercial fishery. U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Scien-
tific Report — Fisheries No. 446, 40 p.

JUNE, FRED C, and JOHN W. REINTJES.

1959. Age and size composition of the men-
haden catch along the Atlantic coast of
the United States, 1952-55; with a brief
review of the commercial fishery. U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Scien-
tific Report — Fisheries No. 317, 65 p.

1960. Age and size composition of the
menhaden catch along the Atlantic coast
of the United States, 1956; with a brief
review of the commercial fishery. U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Scien-
tific Report — Fisheries No. 336, 38 p.

POWER, EDWARD A.

1961. Fishery statistics of the United States,
1959. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Statistical Digest No. 51, 457 p.

17

APPENDIX TABLES

Appendix Table 1. --Length- frequency distributions of Atlantic
menhaden in samples from purse seine catches, South Atlantic
Area, excluding the North Carolina fall fishery, 1959

(M - male, F - female, T - total, including
specimens for which sex was not determined)

Age

Fork

length

1

2

Q

^J

Total

(mm . )

\ /

M

F

T

M

F

T

M

F

T

105-109

1

1+

5

_

—

^

^_

^

_

5

110-111+

5

3

8

-

V- —

_

_

-

-

8

115-119

li+

13

31

-

-

-

-

-

-

31

I2O-I2I+

27

32

75

-

-

-

-

-

75

125-129

70

1+9

131

-

-

-

-

-

131

I3O-I3U

87

81+

183

-

-

-

-

183

135-139

98

87

191

-

-

-

-

-

-

191

lUo-iiUf

9U

99

199

1

-

1

-

-

-

200

1I15-1U9

128

93

223

-

-

-

-

-

223

150-15U

118

119

2I+8

-

-

-

-

-

-

2I+8

155-159

130

120

253

-

-

-

-

-

-

253

i6o-3.6i+

108

105

217

1

-

1

-

-

-

218

165-169

95

81+

182

2

_

3

_

_

_

185

170-17U

88

77

169

2

1+

6

-

-

-

175

175-179

1+9

66

117

6

12

18

-

-

-

135

l8o-l8i+

22

37

59

15

20

36

-

-

-

95

185-189

18

23

1+2

12

16

28

-

-

-

70

I90-19U

6

3

9

7

8

16

1

2

3

28

195-199

6

2

9

15

18

33

-

-

-

1+2

200-20I+

3

5

8

8

15

23

-

-

-

31

205-209

k

3

7

12

10

23

-

-

-

30

2l0-2llj-

1

1

2

9

13

22

-

-

-

2I+

215-219

_

1

1

8

10

19

1

1

2

22

220-22i+

-

-

-

8

6

11+

-

-

-

11+

225-229

-

_

-

3

8

11

-

-

-

11

230-23!+

-

1

1

2

6

8

-

-

-

9

235-239

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2UO-2M+

-

-

_

_

2

2

-

-

-

2

2i+5-2i+9

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

1

1

Total . ,

1172

nil

2370

Ill

11+8

261+

2

1+

6

26I+O

18

Appendix Table 2. --Length- frequency distributions of Atlantic
menhaden in samples from purse seine catches, Chesapeake Bay-
Area, 1959

(M - male, F - female, T - total, including
specimens for which sex was not determined)

Tl— . 1

Age

Fork

length

0

1

2

3

Total

^mm. )

M

F

T

M

F

T

M

F

T

M

F

T

110-lll|

^

^

^.

^

^

2

_

^.

^

^

^

_

2

115-119

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

120-12U

-

-

2

1

3

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

125-129

1

-

1

1

1

h

-

-

-

-

-

-

5

130-13)+

1

-

1

lU

20

36

-

-

-

-

-

-

37

135-139

1

1

2

19

35

61

-

-

-

-

-

-

63

llK)-iUi+

1

3

h

1+7

86

li^5

-

-

-

-

-

-

1I+9

Il4.5_l49

1

1

2

116

1U5

266

1

-

1

-

-

-

269

150-I5U

1

-

1

209

26I+

1+81

-

-

-

-

-

-

1+82

155-159

5

-

5

202

2I+8

1+51

-

-

-

-

-

-

1+56

I60-I6U

2

h-

6

237

291

528

1

-

1

-

-

-

535

165-169

1

-

1

209

196

1+06

-

-

-

-

_

-

1+07

170-I7I+

2

3

5

169

161

330

1

-

1

-

-

-

336

175-179

-

-

-

105

118

223

-

-

-

-

-

-

223

180-I8I+

-

-

-

63

81

1U5

2

-

2

-

-

-

1I+7

185-189

-

_

-

14+

1+7

91

2

-

2

-

-

-

93

190-19I+

-

-

-

2k

23

1+7

3

2

5

-

-

-

52

195-199

-

-

-

7

9

16

3

6

9

-

-

-

25

200-20I+

-

-

-

1

1

2

15

6

22

-

-

-

21+

205-209

-

-

-

-

-

-

3^

19

53

1

-

1

5i+

210-2li+

-

_

_

-

_

-

5h

36

90

1

1

2

92

215-219

_

_

_

_

_

-

1+1+

1+2

86

-

1

1

87

220- 22U

_

-

_

_

_

-

26

1+6

72

-

1

1

73

225-229

_

-

_

-

_

_

26

18

1+J+

2

3

5

1+9

23O-23U

-

_

-

-

-

-

5

11

16

-

2

2

18

235-239

-

-

-

_

-

-

3

1+

7

1+

8

12

19

2^0- 2M+

_

_

_

-

-

-

1

-

1

-

1

1

2

2i+5-2U9

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

1

1

1

2

3

250- 25^+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

1

3

3

Total . .

16

12

28

1U69

1727

3238

222

190

U13

11

19

30

3709

19

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1

22

Appendix Table 6. — Weight-frequency distributions of Atlantic
menhaden in samples from purse seine catches South Atlantic
Area, excluding the North Carolina fall fishery, 1959

(M - male, F - female, T - total, including
specimens for which sex was not determined)

Age

Weight

(g.)

1

2

3

Total

M

F

T

M

F

T

M

F

T

10-19

3

3

3

20-29

U9

U2

107

-

-

-

-

-

-

107

30-39

187

172

387

-

-

-

-

-

-

387

Uo-i^9

185

175

372

1

-

1

-

-

-

373

50-59

197

161

367

-

-

-

-

-

-

367

60-69

196

183

388

-

-

-

-

-

-

388

70-79

138

120

262

-

-

-

-

-

-

262

80-89

87

101

191

3

k

8

-

-

-

199

90-99

57

62

123

10

12

22

-

-

-

11+5

100-109

32

38

72

15

19

35

-

-

-

107

110-119

20

21

Ul

8

15

2k

1

-

1

66

120-129

6

11^

20

7

13

20

-

-

-

ko

130-139

5

6

11

17

15

32

-

-

-

k3

IU0-IU9

6

h

10

10

17

28

-

-

-

38

150-159

3

3

6

10

11

21

-

-

-

27

160-169

1

1

2

9

16

26

-

-

-

28

170-179

1

1

2

12

5

17

-

3

3

22

180-189

-

-

-

2

7

9

1

-

1

10

190-199

-

-

-

ii

7

11

-

-

-

11

200-209

-

-

-

1

k

5

-

-

-

5

210-219

-

-

-

2

2

1+

-

-

-

k

220-229

-

-

_

-

1

1

~

-

-

1

230-239

-

-

_

*"

-

^

1

1

1

Total . .

1170

1107

2364

111

IU8

26k

2

h

6

263k

23

Appendix Table 7. --Weight-frequency distributions of Atlantic
menhaden in samples from purse seine catches^ Chesapealce
Bay Area, 1959

(M - male, F - female, T - total, including
specimens for which sex was not determined)

Age

Weight
(g.)

0

1

2

3

Total

M

F

T

M

F

T

M

F

T

M

F

T

20-29

.

_

.

1

1

6

6

30-39

2

-

2

21

31

58

-

-

-

_

_

_

60

i^O-ij-9

2

h

6

132

208

357

1

-

1

_

-

-

36h

50-59

1

1

2

356

U18

787

-

-

-

-

-

-

789

60-69

2

1

3

281

36i+

6h6

1

-

1

-

_

_

650

70-79

6

3

9

250

265

515

-

-

_

_

-

-

52U

80-89

1

2

3

177

157

33^

1

-

1

-

-

_

338

90-99

2

1

3

102

118

220

-

-

-

-

-

-

223

100-109

-

-

-

71

6h

136

2

-

2

-

-

_

138

110-119

-

-

-

39

^9

88

7

h

11

-

-

_

99

120-129

-

-

-

23

32

55

k

2

6

-

-

-

61

130-139

-

-

-

12

16

28

13

Ik

28

1

_

1

57

1I+O-IU9

-

-

-

3

2

5

35

22

57

1

-

1

63

150-159

-

-

-

1

2

3

55

25

80

-

-

-

83

160-169

-

-

-

-

-

33

3h

67

-

h

1+

71

170-179

-

-

-

-

-

-

28

31

59

-

2

2

61

180-189

-

-

-

-

-

-

18

30

1^8

-

-

-

1^8

190-199

-

-

-

-

-

-

9

13

22

1

1

2

2i+

200-209

-

-

-

-

-

-

6

9

15

2

6

8

23

210-219

-

-

-

-

-

-

6

k

10

3

1

k

11+

220-229

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

1

2

2

230-239

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

1

-

1

1

2

2ltO-2^9

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

-

2

-

2

2

k

250-259

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

1

2

2

260-269

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

1

-

-

-

1

270-279

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

1

1

-

1

2

Total , .

16

12

28

1U69

1727

3238

222

190

1H3

11

19

30

3709

24

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30

Appendix Table 11. --Mean fork length and weight of Atlantic
menhaden in samples from purse seine catches. South
Atlantic Area, excluding North Carolina fall fishery, 1959

Age Group

Sex 1/

Males

Females

Both

Fork length (mm.):

i- • • • •
^ • • • •
J • • • •

Weight (g.):

-1- • • • •
^ • • • •

0 • • • •

152.4 (1125)
197.9 (111)
205.0 (2)

60.8 (1123)
136.2 (111)
154.0 (2)

153.4 (1079)

199.5 (148)
225.0 (4)

62.5 (1075)

138.7 (148)

190.8 (4)

152.9 (2204)
198.8 (259)
218.3 (6)

61.6 (2198)
137.6 (259)
178.5 (6)

\J Numbers of fish in parentheses.

Appendix Table 12.--Afean fork length and weight of Atlantic
menhaden in samples from purse seine catches, Chesapeake
Bay Area, 1959

Sex

1/

Age Group

Males

Females

Both

Fork Length (mm.):

0 . . . .

153.4

(16)

156.2

(12)

154.6

(28)

1 . . . .

162.5

(1469)

161.3

(1727)

161.8

(3196)

2 . . . .

213.8

(222)

217.1

(190)

215.3

(412)

3 . . . .

233.7

(11)

233.3

(19)

233.5

(50)

Weight (g.):

0 . . . .

65.4

(16)

66.3

(12)

65.8

(28)

1 . . . .

70.7

(1469)

69.0

(1727)

69.8

(3196)

2 . . . .

160.3

(222)

167.9

(190)

163.8

(412)

3 . . . .

206.6

(11)

203.3

(19)

204.4

(30)

\J Numbers of fish in parentheses,

31

Appendix Table 13. — Mean fork length and weight of Atlantic
menhaden in samples from purse seine catches^ Middle
Atlantic Area, 1959

Sex

1/

Age Group

Males

Females

Both

Fork Length (mm.):

1 . . .

179.2

(1714)

180.8

(1813)

180.0 (3527)

2 , .

232.5

(1273)

234.8

(1203)

233.6 (2476)

3 . .

253.7

(502)

255.7

(620)

254.8 (1122)

4 . .

297.3

(9)

315.3

(12)

307.6 (21)

5 . .

304.8

(4)

292.0

(1)

302.2. (5)

6 . .

331.0

(2)

311.0

(3)

319.0 (5)

7 . „

325.0

(1)

328.0

(3)

327.2 (4)

Weight (g.):

1 . . . .

98,0

(1714)

101.0

(1809)

99.6 (3523)

2 . .

227.2

(1273)

235.0

(1202)

231.0 (2475)

3 . .

312.5

(500)

315.1

(619)

313.9 (1119)

4 . .

487.8

(9)

584.8

(12)

543.2 (21)

5 . .

553.0

(4)

445.0

(1)

531.4 (5)

6 . .

632.0

(2)

577.3

(3)

599.2 (5)

7 . .

621.0

(1)

657.0

(3)

648.0 (4)

\J Nvimbers of fish in parentheses.

32

Appendix Table 14. --Mean fork length and weight of Atlantic
menhaden in samples from purse seine catches. North
Atlantic Area, 1959

Age Group

Sex 1

/

Males

Females

Both

Fork Length (mm.):

■!-••••

208.8

(72)

211.4

(76)

210.1

(148)

2 .

257.4

(354)

262.1

(315)

259.6

(669)

3 .

277.0

(899)

282.8

(1048)

280.1

(1947)

4 .

308.7

(98)

314.4

(168)

312.3

(266)

5 .

o

311.0

(40)

324.8

(73)

319.9

(113)

6 .

•

322.5

(39)

330.6

(78)

327.9

(117)

7 .

.

325.4

(17)

336.0

(46)

333.2

(63)

8 .

333.2

(4)

340.0

(21)

338.9

(25)

9 .

335.0

(1)

-

-

335.0

(1)

Weight (g.):

1 • • • •

167.4

(72)

170,2

(76)

168.8

(148)

2 .

321.3

(354)

341.4

(314)

330.8

(668)

3 .

402.8

(895)

437.2

(1046)

421.3

(1941)

4 .

554.6

(98)

598.8

(168)

582.5

(266)

5 .

575.0

(40)

662.1

(73)

631.3

(113)

6 .

643.9

(39)

704.0

(77)

683.8

(116)

7 .

662.0

(17)

742.2

(45)

720.2

(62)

8 .

742.5

(4)

751.3

(21)

749.9

(25)

9 .

740.0

(1)

-

-

740.0

(1)

\J Numbers of fish in parentheses.

33

Appendix Table 15. --Mean fork length and weight of Atlantic
menhaden in samples from purse seine catches, North
Carolina fall fishery, 19.59

Sex 1/

Age Group

Males

Femal

as

Both

Fork Length (mm.):

0 . , . .

138.2

(4)

154.0

(1)

141.4 (5)

1 .

179.4

(32)

172.8

(24)

176.6 (56)

2 .

262,7

(121)

260.7

(112)

261.7 (233)

3 .

286.4

(312)

292.5

(354)

289.6 (666)

4 .

307.5

(42)

313.9

(75)

311.6 (117)

5 .

314.8

(12)

327.7

(24)

323.4 (36)

6 .

323.0

(20)

331.4

(18)

327.1 (41)

7 .

318.0

(1)

334.8

(4)

331.4 (5)

8 .

-

-

341.0

(4)

341.0 (4)

Weight (g.):

0 . . . .

41.8

(4)

64.0

(1)

46.2 (5)

1 .

113.6

(32)

97.8

(24)

106,8 (56)

2 .

341.6

(121)

343.4

(111)

342.5 (232)

3 .

448.9

(312)

481.0

(354)

465.9 (666)

4 .

554.5

(42)

603.7

(75)

586.0 (117)

5 .

595.3

(12)

665.0

(24)

641.8 (36)

6 .

652.5

(21)

703.7

(20)

677.5 (41)

7 .

627.0

(1)

721.8

(4)

702.8 (5)

8 .

~

737.2

(4)

737.2 (4)

1/ Numbers of fish in parentheses,

MS #1338

34

„„fflV,K',„t,^''Sff.;.Ser,a,s

I Hill I.

WHSE 01605

Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior— a department of conservation— is concerned with the
management, conservation, and development of the Nation's water, fish, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park
and recreational resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs.

As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonrenewable
resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are conserved for the future,
and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the
United States-now and in the future.

UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE

BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES

WASHINQTON, D.C. 20240

POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Marine Biological Lab.,
123 T ?/ood3 Hole, Mass.