559

Water Quality of Streams Tributary
to Lakes Superior and Michigan

Marine Biological Laboratory

LIBRARY

FEB 2 3 1968

WOODS HOLE, MASS.

SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT-FISHERIES Na 559

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
BUR E AtToT^COMMERaATFisHER^

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Stewart L. Udall, Secretary
David S. Black, Under Secretary

Stanley A. Cain, Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, Clarence F. Pautzke, Commissioner
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, H. E. Crowther, Director

Wafer Quality of Streams Tributary
to Lakes Superior and Michigan

By
JEROME W. ZIMMERMAN

United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Special Scientific Report.-Fisheries No. 559

Washington, D.C.
January 1968

CONTENTS

Page

Abstract 1

Introduction 1

Materials and methods 2

Chocolay River and major tributaries, Marquette County, Mich 2

Little Garlic River, Marquette County, Mich 6

Big Garlic River, Marquette County, Mich 10

Ford River, Delta County, Mich 10

Pensaukee River, Oconto County, Wis 16

Ahnapee River, Kewaunee County, Wis 16

Other streams tributary to Lakes Superior and Michigan 16

Causes of changes in water quality 35

Literature cited 35

Appendix. Streams and sampling locations 3 7

Lake Superior 37

Chippewa County, Mich 37

Luce County, Mich 37

Alger County, Mich 3 7

Marquette County, Mich 37

Baraga County, Mich 38

Houghton County, Mich 38

Keweenaw County, Mich 38

Ontonagon County, Mich 38

Gogebic County, Mich 38

Ashland County, Wis 39

Bayfield County, Wis 39

Douglas County, Wis 39

St. Louis County, Minn 39

Lake County, Minn 39

Cook County, Minn 39

Lake Michigan 39

Mackinac County, Mich. 39

Schoolcraft County, Mich 39

Delta County, Mich 40

Menominee County, Mich 40

Marinette County, Wis 40

Oconto County, Wis 40

Door County, Wis 40

Kewaunee County, Wis 41

Manitowoc County, Wis 41

Manistee County, Mich 41

Water Quality of Streams Tributary
to Lakes Superior and Michigan

By

JEROME W. ZIMMERMAN, Chemist

Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Station
Marquette, Michigan 49855

ABSTRACT

Water quality of streams tributary to Lakes Superior and Michigan was analyzed
for 142 stations on 99 streams tributary to Lake Superior and 83 stations on 56
streams tributary to Lake Michigan during 1962-65.

Concentrations of aluminum, copper, and iron were not affected greatly by flow
or season. Magnesium, calcium, chlorides, total alkalinity, total hardness, and con-
ductivity varied with the flow, temperature, and season; the lowest values were dur-
ing the spring runoff and heavy rains, and the highest were during low water in late
summer and the colder periods of winter. Concentrations of nitrate, silica, and sul-
fates were lowest in the spring and summer. Concentrations of tanninlike and lignin-
like compounds were highest during the spring runoff and other high-water periods,
and were lowest during freezeup when surface runoff was minimal. The pH values
were highest from June to September and lowest during the spring runoff. Phenol-
phthalein alkalinity was detected primarily inthe summer and coincided occasionally
with low flows just before the spring thaw. Total hardness usually was lower in
streanns tributary to Lake Superior than in streams tributary to Lake Michigan.
The total hardness was higher in the streams in Wisconsin than in the streams in
Michigan along the west shore of Lake Michigan. It was lowest in the northernmost
streams.

The water quality of the streams in an area was related to the geological char-
acteristics of the land.

INTRODUCTION

A study of the water quality of streams
tributary to Lakes Superior and Michigan was
made in conjunction with control of the sea
lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, in the Great
Lakes. The primary purpose was to observe
the natural levels and seasonal fluctuations
in concentrations of aluminum, copper, iron,
magnesium, calcium, chloride, nitrate, nitrite,
silica, sulfate, tanninlike and ligninlike com-
pounds, phenolphthalein alkalinity, total alka-
linity, and total hardness, and in values of pH
and conductivity. A secondary purpose was to
determine the variation in water quality of
streams from different geological regions in
the drainages of Lakes Superior and Michigan.

The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and
the Fisheries Research Board of Canada have
used the selective larvicide, TFM (3-tri-
fluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol), in the control of
the sea lamprey (Applegate, Howell, Moffett,
Johnson, and Smith, 1961). The toxicity of TFM
is influenced by physical and chemical prop-
erties of water. The amount of TFM required

to kill larval lampreys increases as alka-
linity, conductivity, and pH increase. The
degree of selectivity of TFM between am-
mocetes and other fishes and the amount of
toxicant required vary with seasons, and from
stream to streann and location within the stream
(Howell and Marquette, 1962). A method for
the estimation of the biological activity of
TFM by its relation to properties of water has
been determined (Kanayama, 1963).

In late 1962 three streams tributary to Lake
Superior and three tributary to Lake Michigan
were selected for collection of surface water
at 2- to 4-week intervals for information on
seasonal variation. The Chocolay, Big Garlic,
and Little Garlic Rivers were chosen for Lake
Superior and the Ford, Pensaukee, and Ahna-
pee Rivers for Lake Michigan. In addition,
water was collected for analyses of the chemi-
cal characteristics before treatment with TFM
of streams tributary to the two lakes. Other
streams were sampled when time permitted.

This report includes information from
samples taken at various times from August
1962 through December 1965 for 142 stations

on 99 streams tributary to Lake Superior and
83 stations on 56 Lake Michigan tributaries.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Water samples were taken from midstream
in 1 -liter polyethylene bottles and held in
these containers until analyses were com-
pleted. The polyethylene bottles were rinsed
with river water before they were filled.

Analyses of water usually were completed
within 8 hours after collection but not later
than 30 hours. If the analyses could not be
completed on the day of collection, the samples
were stored in a refrigerator and studied the
following day. Water samples were warmed
to 21° C. (70° F.), and turbid samples were
passed through Whatman No. 12 filter paper
prior to analyses.

Determinations for aluminum, copper, and
iron were made as soon as possible after
samples were collected.

Deternninations were limited to analytical
procedures adaptable to field use. A Hach DR
photoelectric colorimeter i was used for color-
imetric measurements.

The following analytical procedures were
used:

Temperature (° C.)--Water temperatures
were taken to the nearest ° F. with a hand or
pocket thermometer at the time of sampling
and converted to ° C.

Aluminum (Al)- -Determinations were made
by the aluminon method (Hach Chemical Com-
pany, 1963).

Copper (Cu)--Copper was deternnined by
the cuprethol method (Hach Chemical Com-
pany, 1963).

Iron (Fe)- -The 1, 10-phenanthroline method
was used for iron determinations (Hach Chemi-
cal Company, 1963).

Magnesium (Mg++)--Magnesium was calcu-
lated as the difference between total hardness
and calcium.

Calcium (Ca++)--The EDTA titrimetric
method was used (American Public HealthAs-
sociation, 1960).

Chloride (C 1 ")- -Chloride was determined
by the mercuric nitrate nnethod (American
Public Health Association, 1960).

Nitrate (NO3" )- -Determinations were nnade
by the brucine method (American Public Health
Association, 1960).

Nitrite (N02')--The sulfanilic acid - 1,
naphthylamine method was used (Hach Chenni-
cal Connpany, 1963).

Silica (Si02)- -Determinations were made by
the silicomolybdate method (Hach Chemical
Company, 1963).

' Trade names referred to In this publication do not im-
ply endorsement of the commercial products.

Sulfate (S04~)--The turbidimetric method
was used to determine sulfate (Hach Chemical
Company, 1963).

Tannin and lignin- - Determinations were
made by the tyrosine method (Hach Chemical
Company, 1963).

pH--A Beckman Zeromatic pH meter was
used to measure pH.

Alkalinity- - Phenolphthalein and total alka-
linities were determined by titration (Anneri-
can Public Health Association, I960).

Hardness - - Total hardness was determined
by EDTA titration method (American Public
Health Association, 1960).

Conductivity- -Conductivity was measured
at 20° C. (68° F.) and corrected to 18° C.
(640 F.) by correction factors given by Smith
(1962). Measurements were made with an
Industrial Instruments, Model RC- 16B2, con-
ductivity bridge.

The streams where water samples were
collected were numbered in geographical se-
quence from east to west along the south shore
of Lake Superior (fig. 1) and counterclock-
wise starting from the northeast shore at the
outlet of Lake Michigan (fig. 2). The number
of each stream is used to identify the stream
in the tables. The locations where water
samples were taken on each stream are given
in the Appendix. The asterisks designate the
streams where more than one location was
sanapled.

CHOCOLAY RIVER AND MAJOR

TRIBUTARIES,
MARQUETTE COUNTY, MICH.

The Chocolay River, a tributary to Lake
Superior, was sampled at four locations in
Marquette County, Mich. The main stem ofthe
Chocolay River and its three major tribu-
taries. Big Creek, Cedar Creek, and Cherry
Creek, accounted for 85 to 90 percent of the
volume at the mouth. The flow varied from
3.5 to 7.1 m.3/sec. (125 to 250 c.f.s.), but
flows were higher during the spring runoff or
heavy rains. The main stream is 26 knn. (16
miles) long and has 208 km. (129 miles) of
tributary streams, and drains about 412 km. 2
(159 sq. miles) (Brown, 1944).

The flow of the main stem of the Chocolay
River usually ranged from 0.8 to 2.0 m.3/sec.
(30 to 70 c.f.s.), but discharges were higher
during the spring runoff and heavy rains. The
water was usually clear, light to moderate
color, and slightly alkaline. Turbidity and color
increased during rapid runoff.

Water quality data were collected on the
main stem of the Chocolay River at the U.S.
Highway 4 1 bridge fronn December 1962 through
December 1965) (table 1). Concentrations of
calcium, total alkalinity, and total hardness,
and conductivity readings were lowest during
the spring runoff and other periods of increased

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flow. These values increased as the flow re-
ceded to summer levels, decreased again
during fall rains, but became high again when
flows were low in winter. Chlorides were lower
during the spring runoff, but were nearly-
constant the remainder of the year. Chlorides
were higher in 1964 and 1965 than in 1963.
Nitrite was seldom present in the early period
of the study but was found in many samples in
the later period. Concentrations of tanninlike
and ligninlike compounds were highest when
flows increased, especially during the spring
runoff, but dropped as the flow receded; con-
centrations were low in the winter. The pH
values were low during the spring runoff and
rose slowly in the summer to a level that was
maintained until spring. The pH values dropped
when the flow increased. Phenolphthalein alka-
linity was zero for all samples. Ranges for
values of selected measurements were: mag-
nesium, 2.9 to 5.8 p.p.nn.; calcium, 9 to 23
p.p.m.; pH, 7.2 to 8.0; total alkalinity, 22 to
74 p.p.m.; total hardness, 34 to 80 p.p.m.; and
conductivity, 66 to 153 micromhos. Water
temperature varied from 0° to ISO C. (320 to
640 F.).

Big Creek had a flow of 1.1 m.3/sec. (40
c.f.s.) that varied little except for higher flows
during the spring runoff. The water was clear,
cool, slightly alkaline, and had little or no color
or turbidity except during the spring runoff.

Water quality data were collected from
December 1962 through Decennber 1965 at the
U.S. 41 bridge (table 2). Concentrations of
magnesium, calcium, total alkalinity, and total
hardness, and conductivity readings were lower
during the spring runoff and remained nearly
constant the rest of the year. Chlorides re-
mained low throughout the year. Nitrite and
phenolphthalein alkalinity were not detected.
Concentrations of tanninlike and ligninlike
compounds were highest in the spring and were
low or zero the rest of the year. The pH
values were lower during the spring runoff
but changed little during the rest of the year.
The ranges for values of selected measure-
ments were as follows ("usual ranges" are
given for measurements that varied only
during the spring runoff): magnesium, 3.4. to
6,3 p.p.nn.; calcium, 16 to 26 p.p.m., usually
22 to 26 p.p.m.; pH, 7.3 to 8.1;total alkalinity,
46 to 80 p.p.m., usually 70 to 80 p.p.m.; total
hardness, 58 to 88 p.p.m., usually 78 to 88
p.p.m.; and conductivity, 99 to 1 54 nnicromhos,
usually 142 to 1 54 micromhos. Water tempera-
ture varied from 1° to 12° C. (33° to 530 F.).

The flow of Cedar Creek was about 0.7 m. 3/
sec. (24 c.f.s.) and varied little except for
higher flows during the spring runoff. The
water was clear, cool, slightly alkaline, and
had little or no color or turbidity except during
the spring runoff.

Water quality data were collected from De-
cember 1962 through December 1965 at the U.S.
Highway 41 bridge (table 3). Concentrations

of magnesium, calcium, total alkalinity, and
total hardness, and conductivity readings were
lower during the spring runoff and were nearly
constant the rest of the year. Chlorides re-
mained low throughout the year. Nitrite was
not detected. Concentrations of tanninlike and
ligninlike compounds were highest during the
spring runoff and were low or zero the rest
of the year. The pH values were lower during
the spring runoff and when flows were higher.
The pH values changed little during the rest
of the year. Phenolphthalein alkalinity was
zero for all samples. The ranges for values
of selected measurements were (usual ranges
are given for measurements that varied only
during the spring runoff): magnesium, 3.4 to
6.3 p.p.m.; calcium, 16 to 22 p.p.m., usually
20 to 22 p.p.m.; pH, 7.4 to 8.1; total alkalinity,
48 to 68 p.p.m., usually 64 to 66 p.p.m.; total
hardness, 54 to 76 p.p.m., usually 68 to 72
p.p.m.; and conductivity, 96 to 135 micromhos,
usually 120 to 1 27 micromhos. Water tempera-
ture varied from 1° to 12° c. (33° to 53° F.).

The flow of Cherry Creek was about 0.7
m.3/sec. (25 c.f.s.) and varied little except
flows were slightly higher during the spring
runoff. The water was usually clear, cool,
slightly alkaline, and had little or no color.

Water quality information was collected at
the U.S. Highway 41 bridge from December
1962 through December 1965 (table 4). Con-
centrations of magnesium, calcium, total alka-
linity, and total hardness, and conductivity
readings were nearly constant throughout the
year, but values were slightly lower during
the spring runoff. Chlorides remained low
throughout the study. Nitrite was not present.
Tanninlike and ligninlike compounds were
present during the spring runoff and periods
of rain. Early in the study, pH remained be-
low 8.0 but was usually above 8.0 in the latter
half of 1964 and most of 1965. Phenolphthalein
alkalinity was not detected. The ranges for
values of selected measurements were (usual
ranges are given for measurements that varied
only during the spring runoff): magnesium,
4.9 to 7.8 p.p.m.; calcium, 23 to 26 p.p.m.,
usually 25 to 26 p.p.m.; pH, 7.6 to 8.3; total
alkalinity, 70 to 82 p.p.m., usually 80 to 82
p.p.m.; total hardness, 80 to 96 p.p.m.,
usually 84 to 90 p.p.m.; and conductivity,
142 to 156 micromhos, usually 151 to 156
micromhos. Water temperature varied irorci
\o to 11° C. (33° to 51° F.).

LITTLE GARLIC RIVER, MARQUETTE
COUNTY, MICH.

The Little Garlic River, a tributary to Lake
Superior, was sampled at County Road 550
bridge in Marquette County, Mich. The main
stream is 10 km. (6 miles) long and has 23
km. (14 miles) of small tributaries and a
drainage area of about 31 km. 2 (12 sq. miles).

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The flowusually ranged from 0. 1 to 0.4 m.^/sec.
(3 to 15 c.f.s.), but the discharges were higher
during the spring runoff. The water was clear,
slightly alkaline, and had a light color. The
turbidity and color were higher during in-
creased flows.

Water quality data were collected from
January 1963 through December 1965 (table 5).
Aluminum, copper, iron, and magnesium con-
centrations remained low most of the year.
Concentrations of calcium, total alkalinity, and
total hardness, and conductivity readings were
lowest during the spring runoff and when flow
increased. The highest values were in late
summer or fall when the flow decreased.
Chlorides remained low throughout the study.
Concentrations of nitrate and sulfate were low
in the summer. Nitrite and phenolphthalein
alkalinity were zero for all samples. Concen-
trations of silica were highest in late summer
and winter and lowest in spring and early
summer. Concentrations of tanninlike and
ligninlike compounds were highest during the
spring runoff and when the flow increased, but
dropped as the flow receded. The lowest values
were in the winter. The pH values were lowest
during the spring runoff and highest in late
summer. The ranges for values of selected
measurements were: magnesium, 1.5 to 5.3
p. p.m.; calcium, 8 to 26 p. p.m.; nitrate, 0.1
to 2.2. p. p.m.; silica, 3.0 to 8.5 p. p.m.; sulfate,
2 to 22 p. p.m.; pH, 7.1 to 8.0; total alkalinity,
18 to 78 p. p.m.; total hardness, 26 to 82 p. p.m.;
and conductivity, 48 to 146 micromhos. Water
temperatures varied from 0° to 22° C. (32° to
72° F.).

BIG GARLIC RIVER, MARQUETTE
COUNTY, MICH.

The Big Garlic River, a tributary to Lake
Superior, was sampled at County Road 550
bridge in Marquette County, Mich. The main
stream is 10 km. (6 miles) long and has 66 km.
(41 miles) of tributary streams and a drainage
area of 80 km. 2 (31 sq. miles) (Brown, 1944).
The flow of the Big Garlic River usually ranged
from 0,3 to 3.3 m.3/sec. (9 to 117 c.f.s.), but
discharges were higher during the spring run-
off. The water was clear, slightly alkaline, and
had light to moderate color, although turbidity
and color were higher during increased flows.

Water quality data were collected from
August 1962 through December 1965 (table 6).
Aluminum, copper, and iron concentrations
rennained low throughout the year. Magnesium
concentrations dropped during the spring runoff
and varied little the remainder of the year.
Concentrations of calcium, total alkalinity, and
total hardness, and conductivity readings were
lowest during the spring runoff. These values
increased as the flow decreased and were
highest in late summer and fall. Chlorides re-
mained low throughout the study. Concentra-

tions of nitrate were low from May to Novem-
ber. Nitrite and phenolphthalein alkalinity were
not detected. Silica was highest when flows
were low in late summer and winter. Sulfate
concentrations were highest in winter. Tannin-
like and ligninlike compounds were highest
during the spring runoff and when flow in-
creased but dropped as the flow decreased.
The pH values were lowest during the spring
runoff and at other times when flows in-
creased. The ranges for values of selected
measurements were: magnesium, 1.5 to 5.8
p. p.m.; calcium, 6 to 20 p. p.m.; nitrate, 0.1
to 2.9 p. p.m.; silica, 3.0 to 9.5 p. p.m.; sulfate,
3 to 22 p. p.m.; pH, 7.0 to 7.9; total alkalinity,
14 to 62 p. p.m.; total hardness, 20to66 p. p.m.;
and conductivity, 40 to 124 micromhos. Water
temperatures varied from 0° to 21*-" C. (32° to
70° F.).

FORD RIVER, DELTA COUNTY, MICH.

The Ford River, a tributary to Lake Michigan,
has its origin in Dickinson County and flows
through Marquette and Menominee Counties
to its mouth in Delta County, Mich. The main
stream is 179 km. (Ill miles) long and has
407 km. (253 miles) of tributary streams and
a drainage area of 1,225 km. 2 (473 sq. miles)
(Brown, 1944). The U,S. Geological Survey
(1964) reported an average flow of 9.7 m. 3/sec.
(342 c.f.s.) for 1954-60; the yearly average
ranged from 6.6 to 18.0 m. 3/sec. (233 to
640 c.f.s.). The water was clear, slightly
alkaline, and moderately colored. Turbidity
and color became higher when flows in-
creased.

Water quality data were collected from
December 1962 through December 1965 (table
7): regularly at State Highway M-95 bridge;
intermittently at County Road 581 bridge in
Dickinson County; bridge in section 19, 5 km.
(3 miles) west of Woodlawn, Mich.; and the
mouth of the Ford River. Aluminum, copper,
and iron concentrations varied little throughout
the year. Concentrations of magnesium, cal-
cium, total alkalinity, and total hardness, and
conductivity readings were lowest during the
spring runoff and when flow increased. These
values increased as the flow decreased and
were highest in winter and late sumnner.
Chlorides were low during the spring runoff and
high when flows were low in late summer.
Concentrations of nitrate, silica, and sulfates
were lowest in the summer. Nitrite was re-
corded on four occasions. Concentrations of
tanninlike and ligninlike compounds were
lowest in the winter and highest during the
spring runoff and when flows increased. The
pH values were lowest during the spring runoff
and highest when flows were low in summer
and fall. Phenolphthalein alkalinity was in two
samples. The ranges for values of selected
measurements were: magnesium, 7.8 to 27.0

10

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p. p.m.; calcium, 18 to 50 p. p.m.; chlorides,
2.0 to 8.0 p. p.m.; pH, 7.5 to 8.3; total alka-
linity, 58 to 214 p. p.m.; total hardness, 78 to
228 p.p.nn.; and conductivity, 130 to 374
micromhos. Water tennperature varied from 0
to 27° C. (32° to 80° F.).

Water quality data from the stations at State
Highway M-95 bridge and the mouth were simi-
lar (table 7). Values for data from the two
intermediate stations were slightly lower.

PENSAUKEE RIVER, OCONTO
COUNTY, WIS.

The Pensaukee River, a tributary to south-
ern Green Bay, Lake Michigan, was sampled
at U.S. Highway 141 bridge in Oconto County,
Wis. The main stream is 48 km. (30 miles)
long and has 121 km. (75 miles) of tributary
streams and a drainage area of 453 km. 2 (175
sq. miles). The North Branch of the Pensaukee
River is the main tributary and, except during
the spring runoff, contributes most of the water.
The flow ranged from 0.3 to 0.9 m.3/sec. (10
to 30 c.f.s.) but flows were higher during the
spring runoff and heavy rains. The water was
clear, slightly alkaline, and moderately
colored. Turbidity and color increased during
high water.

Water quality data were collected from
December 1962 through December 1965 (table
8). Aluminum, copper, and iron varied little
throughout the year. The lowest concentra-
tions of magnesium, calcium, total alkalinity,
and total hardness, and conductivity readings
were during the spring runoff. From May
through August, when flows remained nearly
constant or slowly receded, these values
dropped and reached a low in July and August,
and then increased to their highest in the
winter. Chlorides were higher during low flows
and lower at high flows. Concentrations of
nitrate, silica, and sulfates were lowest in the
sunnmer. Nitrite was found in many san-iples.
Concentrations of tanninlike and ligninlike
compounds were highest during the spring
runoff and when flows increased and lowest
during low flows. The pH values were lowest in
the winter and during the spring runoff and
highest in the summer and fall. Phenolphthalein
alkalinity was found in many sannples from
April through November. The ranges for values
of selected measurements were: magnesium,
5.3 to 35.0 p. p.m.; calcium, 20 to 86 p. p.m.;
chloride, 4.5 to 14.0 p.p.m.; pH, 7.5 to 9.0;
phenolphthalein alkalinity, 0 to 18 p.p.m.; total
alkalinity, 60 to 302 p.p.m.; total hardness, 72
to 360 p.p.m.; and conductivity, 149 to 576
micronnhos. Water temperature varied from
0° to 33° C. (32° to 91° F.).

AHNAPEE RIVER, KEWAUNEE
COUNTY, WIS.

The Ahnapee River, a tributary to Lake
Michigan, was sampled at County Road J
bridge in Door County, Wis. The main stream
is 21 km. (13 miles) long and has 85 km. (53
miles) of tributary streams and a drainage
area of 285 km. 2 (HO sq. miles). The flow
usually ranged from 0.2 to 0.4 m.3/sec. (6 to
15 c.f.s.) but was higher during the spring run-
off and heavy rains. The water was clear,
slightly alkaline, and moderately colored.
Turbidity and color increased when flow in-
creased.

Water quality data were collected from
December 1962 through December 1965 (table
9). Aluminum, copper, and iron varied little
throughout the year. Concentrations of magne-
sium, calcium, total alkalinity, and total hard-
ness, and conductivity readings were low
during the spring runoff. From May through
September as flows remained nearly constant
or slowly receded, these values dropped to
low levels in August and September, and then
increased to their highest in winter. The
values were higher when flow increased
in rainy weather. Chlorides were high during
low flows and lower when flows increased.
Concentrations of nitrate, silica, and sulfates
were lowest in the summer. Nitrite was
present in most samples and was highest in
the winter. Concentrations of tanninlike and
ligninlike compounds were high during the
spring runoff and when flow increased. The pH
values were highest in the summer and fall and
were low in the winter and during the spring
runoff. Phenolphthalein alkalinity was found in
many samples from April to November. The
ranges for values of selected measurements
were: magnesium, 20.0 to 45.0 p.p.m.; calcium,
29 to 89 p.p.m.; chloride, 5.5 to 13.0 p.p.m.;
pH, 7.8 to 8.8; phenolphthalein alkalinity, 0 to
18 p.p.m.; total alkalinity, 156 to 354 p.p.m.;
total hardness, 192 to 400 p.p.m.; and conduc-
tivity, 317 to 614 micromhos. Water tempera-
ture varied from 0° to 24° C. (32° to 76° F.).

OTHER STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO
LAKES SUPERIOR AND MICHIGAN

Water quality measurements for other
streams tributary to Lake Superior (table 10)
and Lake Michigan (table 11) were few and
scattered but are sufficient to provide data on
some general characteristics of the streams
and lake drainages.

Traces of aluminum, copper, and iron and
varying amounts of nitrate, silica, sulfate,
and tanninlike and ligninlike compounds were
found at most stations.

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34

Concentrations of magnesium, calcium,
chlorides, total alkalinity, and total hardness,
and values of pH and conductivity generally
varied inversely with the flow. They were
lowest during spring runoff and heavy rains,
and highest during low flow in late summer
and the colder periods of winter. Exceptions
were the Ahnapee and Pensaukee Rivers,
tributaries to Lake Michigan, where calcium,
total alkalinity, total hardness, and conduc-
tivity decreased from late spring and summer
to lowest values in August and September when
flows were stable or slowly receding.

Chlorides varied more in tributaries to
Lake Superior than in tributaries to Lake
Michigan. In the Lake Superior tributaries,
chlorides ranged from 0.0 to 540.0 p. p.m.,
usually 0.5 to 5.0 p. p.m. The extremely high
value of 540.0 p. p.m. was recorded in the
Marengo River, a major tributary of the Bad
River, on February 10, 1964, when the flow
was low. During more usual flows, chloride
concentrations there were 1.0 to 1.5 p.p.nn.
Other tributaries of the Bad River did not
have high chloride concentrations. A high
chloride value of 6.0 p. p.m. also was found at
one station on the Bad River below the con-
fluence of the Marengo River on February 10,
1964.

High concentrations of chloride also were
recorded in Scales Creek (287.0 p. p.m.), a
tributary of the Traprock River, and Hill
Creek (55.0 p. p.m.) of the Lake Superior
drainage. The high chloride values in these
streams did not appear during low flow. The two
creeks, which drain opposite sides of the same
ridge, nnay be affected by copper mining in
the area.

Concentrations of chlorides were higher
than usual on a few streams in Ontonagon and
Gogebic Counties of the Lake Superior drainage
in late winter during periods of low flow.
Magnesium, calcium, total hardness, and con-
ductivity values also were high when the
chloride content was high.

The range for chlorides was 0.7 to 25.0
p. p.m., usually 1.0 to 14.0 p.p.m. in Lake
Michigan tributaries. The high value of 25.0
p.p.m. was obtained at one station on the
Rapid River. The water at this station was
affected by discharge of waste from a nnilk-
processing plant located upstream. Above this
plant the chloride concentration was lower .

Nitrites were found at a few stations.

All streams were alkaline with the excep-
tion of Five Mile Creek (pH 6.9), Mud Lake
Inlet (pH 6.8), Mud Lake Outlet (pH 6.8), and
Rice Lake Outlet (pH 6.9), tributaries to Lake
Superior, and the upper portion of Werners
Creek (pH 6.7), a tributary to the Whitefish
River that flows into Lake Michigan. These
streams are small and have flows less than
1.0 m.3/sec. (35 c.f.s.).

The pH was lowest during the spring run-
off when streams that normally are alkaline

may become acid for short periods. The pH
slowly rose to a peak in August or September.
With the onset of winter, the pH fell until
spring. The pH may be high when flows are
extremely low in late winter.

Phenolphthalein alkalinity was seldom found
in Lake Superior tributaries. It was detected
when flows were low in late winter and late
summer in Seven Mile Creek and Rock, Falls,
Otter, Pilgrim, and Marengo Rivers.

Ahnapee and Pensaukee Rivers of Lake
Michigan had phenolphthalein alkalinity from
April to November, and it was present in some
samples from the Ford River, Days River,
and Marblehead Creek.

Temperature records for many of the
streams discussed in this report are available
from the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
Biological Station at Marquette, Mich., for
dates other than those shown on the tables.

CAUSES OF CHANGES IN
WATER QUALITY

Water quality of the streams changed
throughout a year and from year to year. The
values of the various measurements varied
with the flow, temperature, and season of the
year.

The quality of stream water was influenced
by various natural and manmade causes.
Natural factors that affected the water quality
in a given area were flow of the stream,
elevation of the water table, turbulence, shade
from vegetation, and variable influences of
tributary streams. The water quality also
was influenced by the physical and chemical
characteristics of the ground topography of
the stream bed and drainage. Man affected
the water quality through industrial wastes,
domestic sewage, changes in land use, and
impoundments of water behind dams.

LITERATURE CITED

AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION.

1960. Standard methods for the examina-
tion of water and wastewater. 11th ed.
American Public Health Association,
626 pp.

APPLEGATE, VERNON C, JOHN H. HOWELL,
JAMES W. MOFFETT, B.G. H. JOHNSON,
and MANNING A. SMITH.

1961. Use of 3-trifluormethyl-4-nitrophenol
as a selective sea lamprey larvicide.
Great Lakes Fish. Comm., Tech. Rep.
1, 35 pp.

BROWN, C. J. D.

1944. Michigan streanns- -their lengths,
distribution and drainage areas. Mich.
Dep. Conserv., Inst. Fish. Res., Misc.
Publ. 1, 21 pp.

35

HACH CHEMICAL COMPANY.

1963. Hach DR colorimeter methods manual,
4th ed., Ames, Iowa, 102 pp,
HOWELL, JOHN H., and WILLMAN M. MAR-
QUETTE.

1962. Use of mobile bioassay equipment in
the chemical control of the sea lannprey.
U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep.
Fish. 418, iv + 9 pp.

KANAYAMA, RICHARD K.

1963. The use of alkalinity and conductivity
measurennents to estimate concentra-
tions of 3-trifluormethyl-4-nitrophenol

required for treating lannprey streanns.
Great Lakes Fish. Connm., Tech. Rep. 7,
10 pp.

SMITH, STANFORD H.

1962. Temperature correction in con-
ductivity measurements. Limnol.
Oceanogr. 7(3): 330-334.

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

1964. Compilation of records of surface
waters of the United States, October
1950 to September 1960. Part 4. St.
Lawrence River basin. U.S. Geological
Survey, Water-Supply Pap. 1727, p. 53.

36

APPENDIX

STREAMS AND SAMPLING LOCATIONS
(♦Designates the stream where more than one location was sampled)

Lake Superior:

Chippewa County, Mich.:

1. Waiska River - M-28 bridge, T. 46 N.,

R. 2 W., on south line of sec. 15.

2. Pendills Creek - Lake Shore Drive, T.

47 N., R. 4 W., sec. 28.

3. Grants Creek - Lake Shore Drive, T.

47 N., R. 5 W., sec. 13.

4. Halfaday Creek - Lake Shore Drive

bridge, T. 47 N.. R. 5 W., sec. 14.

5. Naomikong Creek - Lake Shore Drive,

T. 47 N., R. 5 W., sec. 19.

6. Ankodosh Creek - Lake Shore Drive, T.

47 N., R. 6 W., sec. 14.

7. Roxbury Creek - East and West Road

bridge, T. 47 N., R. 6 W., sec. 14.

8. Galloway Creek - M- 123 bridge, T. 48

N., R. 6 W., sec. 29.
*9. Tahquamenon River -

(a) M-123 bridge, T. 48 N., R. 6 W.,

sec. 15;

(b) M-117 bridge, T. 46 N., R. 10 W.,

on east line of sec. 23.

10. Betsy River - Wire Road bridge, T. 49

N., R. 6 W., sec. 3.
Luce County, Mich.;

11. Little Two Hearted

Bridge, T. 49 N., R,
*12. Two Hearted River -

(a) weir site, T. 50 N.,

(b) East Branch - East Branch bridge,

T. 49 N., R. 9 W., sec. 18;

(c) Highbridge on County Road 407, T.

49 N., R. 10 W., sec. 31;

(d) North Branch - County Road 418

bridge, T. 58 N,, R. 11 W., sec. 1;

(e) South Branch - Hemlock Dam, T. 48

N., R. 11 W., sec. 21;

(f) Dawson Creek - County Road 412

bridge, T. 48 N., R. 10 W., sec. 5.
13. Dead Sucker River - Grand Marais
truck trail, T. 49 N., R. 12W., sec. 1.
Alger County, Mich.:
*14. Sucker River -

(a) Graham Bridge on County Road 703,

T. 49 N., R. 13 W., on east line of
sec. 33;

(b) School Forest bridge, T. 49 N., R.

13 W., sec. 2;

(c) Grand Marais Creek - County Road

700 bridge, T. 49 N., R. 13 W.,
sec. 10.
15. Hurricane River - County Road 700
bridge, T. 49 N., R. 15 W., sec. 10.

River - Fisher
9 W., sec. 12.

R. 9 W., sec. 27;

16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
*24.

*25.

26.
27.

Mar
*28

SuUivans Creek
bridge, T. 49 N.,

Seven Mile Creek
N., R. 16 W., sec

Mosquito River -

County Road 700
R. 15 W., sec. 9.
- old bridge, T. 49
,11.
Mosquito Falls, T.

29.
30.
31.
32.
*33.

48 N., R. 17 W., sec. 31.
Miners River - U.S.F.S. Road 2489

bridge, T. 47 N., R. 18 W., sec. 10.
Anna River - M-28 bridge, T. 46 N.,

R. 19 W., sec. 11.
Furnace Creek - M-28 bridge, T. 47 N.,

R. 19 W., sec. 29.
Five Mile Creek - U.S.F.S. Road 2491

bridge, T. 47 N., R. 19 W., sec. 18.
Au Train River - first bridge below

lake, T. 46 N., R. 20 W., sec. 5.
Rock River -

(a) M-28 bridge, T. 47 N., R. 21 W.,

sec. 15;

(b) U.S.F.S. Road 2279 bridge, T. 46 N.,

R. 21 W., sec. 15.
Deer Lake -

(a) outlet, M-28 bridge, T. 47 N., R. 21

W., sec. 8;

(b) inlet, T. 47 N., R. 21 W., sec. 7.
Laughing Whitefish River - bridge, T.

47 N., R. 22 W., sec. 3.
Sand River - County Road 480 bridge,

T. 47 N., R. 23 W., on south line of

sec. 14.
quette County, Mich.:
Chocolay River -

(a) U.S. 41 bridge, T. 46 N., R. 24 W.,

sec. 1;

(b) Big Creek - U.S. 41 bridge, T. 47N.,

R. 24 W., sec. 16;

(c) Cedar Creek - U.S. 41 bridge, T. 47

N., R. 24 W., sec. 17;

(d) Cherry Creek - U.S. 41 bridge, T.

47 N., R. 24 W., sec. 8.
Carp River - 100 yards above M-28

bridge, T. 48 N., R. 25 W., sec. 36.
Dead River - County Road 550 bridge,

T. 48 N., R. 25 W., sec. 10.
Harlow Creek - County Road 550bridge,

T. 49 N., R. 25 W., sec. 19.
Little Garlic River - County Road 550

bridge, T. 49 N., R. 26 W., sec. 3.
Big Garlic River -

(a) County Road 550 bridge, T. 50 N.,

R. 26 W., sec. 33;

(b) Wilson Creek - above junction of

Sawmill Creek, T. 50 N., R. 26W.,
sec. 29;

37

*33. Big Garlic River - (cont.)

(c) Sawmill Creek - County Road 550
bridge, T. 50 N., R. 26W., sec. 29.

34. Yellow Dog River - County Road 550

bridge, T. 51 N., R. 26 W., sec. 31.

35. Iron River - below Lake Independence,

T. 51 N., R. 27 W., sec. 13.

36. Salmon Trout River - County Road 550

bridge, T. 51 N., R. 28 W., sec. 1.

37. Pine River - County Road 550 bridge,

T. 52 N., R. 28 W., sec. 21.

38. Little Huron River - T. 52 N., R. 29 W.,

sec. 29.

39. Huron River - Big Eric's bridge, T.

52 N., R. 30 W., sec. 35.
Baraga County, Mich.:

40. Ravine River - Skanee Road bridge, T.

51 N., R. 31 W., sec. 4.

41. Slate River - Skanee Road bridge, T. 51

N., R. 31 W., sec. 8.

42. Silver River - Skanee Road bridge, T.

51 N., R. 32 W., sec. 24.

43. Falls River - U.S. 41 bridge, T. 50 N.,

R. 33 W., sec. 5.

44. Six Mile Creek - U.S. 41 bridge, T. 50

N., R. 34 W., sec. 1.
Houghton County, Mich.:
*45. Sturgeon River -

(a) M-35 bridge, T.

sec. 28;

(b) U.S. 41 bridge, T.

sec. 4;

(c) West Branch - Pelkie Road bridge,

T. 51 N., R. 34 W., on east line of
sec. 20;

- Pelkie Roadbridge, T.
34 W., on east line of

51 N., R. 34 W.,

53 N., R. 33 W.

46.

*47.

U.S. 41 bridge, T. 54
5.

48.

*49.

50.

51.

52.

53.

(d) Otter River

51 N., R.

sec. 8.
Pilgrim River

N., R. 33 W., sec.
Traprock River -

(a) below junction with Scales Creek,

T. 56 N., R. 32 W., onsouthline
of sec. 16;

(b) above junction with Scales Creek,

T. 56 N., R. 32 W., sec. 10;

(c) Scales Creek - bridge, T. 56 N.,

R. 32 W., sec. 9.
McCallum Creek - bridge, T. 55 N., R.

32 W., sec. 20.

Mud Lake -

(a) inlet.

bridge.

T. 55

N.

, R.

32

W.,

sec

. 34;

(b) outlet

, bridge

, T. 55

N.

, R.

32

w..

sec

. 25.

Rice Lake -

• outlet.

bridge,

, T

. 55

> N.

, R.

31 W., sec. 20.

Traverse

River -

Gay-

Lake

Linden

Road bri

dge, T.

56 N,

,,

R.

31

w.,

sec. 28.

Smith Cree!

k - bridge, T. 56

N

.,R

. 34

w..

sec. 13.

Seven Mile

Creek

- M-203

brii

dge,

, T.

56 N., R.

34 W.,

sec. 24

R. 33

, sec.

53 N.,

54. Bear Creek - M-203 bridge, T. 56

R. 34 W., sec. 23.

55. Lily Creek - M-203 bridge, T. 56

R. 34 W., sec. 34.

56. Boston Creek - M-203 bridge, T.

N., R. 34 W., sec. 34.

57. Schlotz Creek - mouth, T. 55 N.,

34 W., sec. 8.

58. Salmon Trout River - mouth, T. 55

R. 35 W., sec. 20.

59. Graveraet River - mouth, T. 55 N.,

36 W., sec. 35.

60. Elm River - bridge on section line,

54 N., R. 36 W., sec. 34.
Keweenaw County, Mich.:

61. Tobacco River - mouth, T. 56 N.,

30 W., sec. 20.

62. Little Gratiot River - old weir site,

58 N., R. 29 W., sec. 31.

63. Eliza Creek - mouth, T. 57 N., R. 30

sec. 6.

64. Gratiot River - bridge, T. 57 N., R

W., on east line of sec. 19.

65. Hill Creek - mouth, T. 57 N.,

sec. 14.
Ontonagon County, Mich.:
*66. Misery River -

(a) bridge, T. 53 N., R. 37 W

(b) North Branch - mouth, T.

37 W., sec. 25;

(c) above junction with North Branch

53 N., R. 37 W., sec. 25.

67. Firesteel River

38 W., sec. 7.

68. Flintsteel River

39 W., sec. 14.
*69. Ontonagon River -

(a) Victoria Bridge, T. 50 N., R. 39

sec. 20;

(b) West Branch - Victoria Dam, T

N., R. 39 W., sec. 29;

(c) Middle Branch - mouth, T. 50

R. 39 W., sec. 27;

(d) East Branch - mouth, T. 50 N.

39 W., sec. 27;

(e) Jumbo River - gravel pit, T. 47

R. 37 W., sec. 22;

(f) Middle Branch - M-28 bridge, T

N., R. 38 W., sec. 8;

(g) Trout Creek - U.S.F.S. Road

bridge, T. 48 N., R. 38 W., sec.

70. Potato River - M-64 bridge, T. 52

R. 40 W., sec. 33.

71. Cranberry River - M-64 bridge, T.

N., R. 40 W., sec. 5.

72. Iron River - M-107 bridge, T. 51

R. 42 W., sec. 12.

73. Little Iron River - M-107 bridge, T.

N., R. 42 W., sec. 11.

74. Union River - M-107 bridge, T. 51

R. 42 W., sec. 15.
Gogebic County, Mich.:

75. Presque Isle River - M-28 bridge,

48 N., R. 44 W., sec. 23.

bridge, T. 52 N.,
bridge, T. 52 N.,

N.,

N.,

56

R.

N.,

, R.

, T.

R.
, T.
W.,

32

W.,

15;
R.

T.

R.

R.

W.,

, 50

N.,

R.

N.,

47

208
35.

N.,

, 51

N.,

51

N.,

T.

38

76. Black River - bridge, T. 48 N., R. 46

W., on east line of sec. 32.

77. Montreal River - County Road 505

bridge, T. 48 N., R. 49 W., sec. 15.
Ashland County, Wis.:
*78. Bad River -

(a) U.S. 2 bridge, T. 48 N., R. 3 W.,

sec. 25;

(b) T. 47 N., R. 3 W., sec. 1;

(c) Highway 169 bridge, T. 45 N., R.

2 W., sec. 32;

(d) White River - mouth, T. 48 N., R.

3 W., sec. 26;

(e) White River - Highway 13 bridge,

T. 47 N., R. 4 W., sec. 26;

(f) Marengo River - Highway 13 bridge,

T. 46 N., R. 4 W., sec. 36;

(g) Marengo River - County Road C

bridge, T. 46 N., R. 4 W., sec. 31;
(h) Marengo River - bridge, T. 46 N.,

R. 3 W., sec. 33;
(i) Brunsweiler River - Highway 13

bridge, T. 45 N., R. 4 W., sec. 1;
(j) Tyler Forks, T. 45 N., R. 2 W., sec.

16;
(k) Potato River - Highway 169 bridge,

T. 46 N., R. 1 W., on east line

of sec. 17.
Bayfield County, Wis.:

79. Fish Creek (Eileen Township) - U.S. 2

bridge, T. 47 N., R. 5 W., sec. 2.

80. Sioux River - 1 mile above Highway 13,

T. 49 N., R. 4 W., sec. 17.

81. Sand River - Highway 13 bridge, T. 51

N., R. 5 W., sec. 14.

82. Siskiwit River - bridge, T. 51 N., R.

6 W., sec. 35.

83. Cranberry River - Highway 13 bridge,

T. 50 N., R. 7 W., sec. 8.

84. Flag River - bridge, T. 50 N., R. 8 W.,

on south line of sec. 27.

85. Iron River - old Highway 13 bridge,

T. 49 N., R. 9 W., sec. 4.

86. Reefer Creek - old Highway 13 bridge,

T. 49 N., R. 9 W., sec. 4.

87. Fish Creek (Orienta Township) - old

Highway 13 bridge, T. 49 N., R. 9W.,
sec. 5.
Douglas County, Wis.:
*88. Brule River -

(a) County Road FF bridge, T. 48 N.,

R. 10 W., on south line of sec. 15;

(b) County Road B bridge, T. 47 N., R.

10 W., sec. 34;

(c) County Roads bridge (Stones Bridge),

T. 46 N., R. 10 W., sec. 30;

(d) Nebagamon Creek - bridge, T. 47 N.,

R. 10 W., sec. 27.

89. Poplar River - Highway 13 bridge, T. 48

N., R. 11 W., sec. 7.

90. Middle River - Highway 13 bridge, T.

48 N., R. 12 W., sec. 12.

91. Amnicon River - Highway 13 bridge, T.

48 N., R. 12 W., sec. 8.

*92. Nemadji River -

(a) bridge, T. 47 N., R. 14 W., sec. 4;

(b) Black River - bridge, T. 47 N., R.

14 W., on west line of sec. 4.
St. Louis County, Minn.:

93. St. Louis River - Highway 23 bridge,

T. 48 N., R. 15 W., sec. 7.
Lake County, Minn.:

94. Stewarts River - U.S. 61 bridge, T. 53

N., R. 10 W., sec. 29.

95. Split Rock River - U.S. 61 bridge, T. 54

N., R. 8 W., sec. 7.

96. Baptism River - U.S. 61 bridge, T. 56

N., R. 7 W., sec. 15.
Cook County, Minn.

97. Temperance River - U.S. 61 bridge, T.

59 N., R. 4 W., sec. 32.

98. Devils Track River - U.S. 61 bridge,

T. 61 N.. R. 1 E., sec. 13.

99. Arrowhead River (Brule River) - U.S.

61 bridge, T. 62 N., R. 3 E., sec. 27.

Lake Michigan:

Mackinac County, Mich.:
*1. Brevort River -

(a) U.S. 2 bridge, T. 41 N., R. 5 W.,

sec. 9;

(b) Silver Creek - Federal Forest High-

way 2 bridge, T. 42 N., R. 5 W.,
on south line of sec. 17;

(c) Little Brevort River - Federal

Forest Highway 2 bridge, T. 42 N.,
R. 6 W., sec. 24.

2. Cut River - bridge above U.S. 2, T. 42

N., R. 6 W., sec. 7.

3. Paquin River - U.S. 2 bridge, T. 42 N.,

R. 7 W., sec. 6.

4. Davenport Creek - U.S. 2 bridge, T. 42

N., R. 8 W., sec. 2.

5. Hog Island Creek - U.S. 2 bridge, T. 43

N., R. 8 W., sec. 34.
*6. Black River -

(a) old weir site, T. 43 N., R. 8 W.,
sec. 30;

(b) East Branch - mouth, T. 43 N., R.
8 W., sec. 29.

*7. East Mile Creek -

(a) U.S. 2 bridge, T. 43 N., R. 9 W.,

sec. 22;

(b) West Mile Creek - U.S. 2 bridge,

T. 43 N., R. 9 W., sec. 21.
*8. Millecoquins River -

(a) County Road 930 bridge, T. 43 N.,

R. 10 W., sec. 14;

(b) Doe Creek - M-117 bridge, T.43N.,

R. 10 W., on west line of sec. 4;

(c) Furlong Creek - M-117 bridge, T.

43 N., R. 10 W., on east line of
sec. 8.
Schoolcraft County, Mich.:
9. Milakokia River - County Road P 432
bridge, T. 41 N., R. 13 W., sec. 2.
10. Bulldog Creek - County Road P 432
bridge, T. 41 N., R. 13 W., sec. 4.

39

11. Gulliver Lake Outlet - first bridge be-
low lake, T. 41 N., R. 14 W„ sec. 2.
*12. Marblehead Creek -

(a) U.S. 2 bridge, T. 42 N., R. 15 W.,

sec. 36;

(b) Nelson Creek - U.S. 2 bridge, T. 42

N., R. 14 W., sec. 32.

13. Manistique River - U.S. 2 bridge, T.

41 N., R. 16 W., sec. 12.

14. Thompson Creek - U.S. 2 bridge, T. 41

N., R. 16 W., sec. 32.

15. Johnson Creek - County Road P 435

bridge, T. 40 N., R. 17 W., sec. 1.
*16. Deadhorse Creek -

(a) County Road P 435 bridge, T. 40 N.,

R. 17 W., sec. 14;

(b) Snyder Creek - County Road P 435

bridge, T. 40 N., R. 17 W., sec 12.

17. Bursaw Creek - County Road P 435

bridge, T. 40 N., R. 17 W., sec. 23.

18. Parent Creek - County Road P 435

bridge, T. 39 N., R. 17 W., sec. 4.

19. Poodle Pete Creek - County Road P435

bridge, T. 39 N., R. 17 W., sec. 8.
Delta County, Mich.:

20. Valentine Creek - County Road 483

bridge, T. 40 N., R. 18 W., sec. 28.

21. Little Fishdam River - U.S. 2 bridge,

T. 41 N., R. 18 W., sec. 33.

22. Fishdam River - U.S. 2 bridge, T. 41

N., R. 18 W., sec. 32.
*23. Sturgeon River -

(a) U.S. 2 bridge, T. 40 N., R. 19 W.,
sec. 6;

(b) Palos Camp, T. 43 N., R. 19 W.,

sec. 33;

(c) U.S.F.S. Road 2259 bridge, T. 44 N.,

R. 19 W., sec. 33;

(d) Graham Dam, T. 44 N., R. 20 W.,

sec. 1.

24. Ogontz River - U.S. 2 bridge, T. 41 N.,

R. 20 W., sec. 34.

25. Squaw Creek - County Road 513 bridge,

T. 39 N.. R. 22 W., sec. 12.

26. Hock Creek - County Road 513 bridge,

T. 40 N., R. 21 W., sec. 7.
*27. Whitefish River -

(a) U.S. 2 bridge, T. 41 N., R. 21 W.,

sec. 28;

(b) East Branch - U.S.F.S. Road 2236

bridge, T. 43 N., R. 20 W., sec.
30;

(c) West Branch - County Road 444

bridge, T. 43 N., R. 21 W., sec. 9;

(d) Haymeadow Creek - County Road 509

bridge, T. 42 N., R. 20 W., sec. 19;

(e) Dexter Creek - bridge, T. 44 N.,

R. 21 W., on west line of sec. 13;

(f) Dexter Creek - bridge, T. 45 N., R.

21 W., on south line of sec. 30;

(g) Scotts Creek - bridge, T. 45 N., R.

22 W., sec. 35;

(h) Scotts Creek - M-67 bridge, T. 44
N., R. 21 W., sec. 19;

(i) Werner Creek - County Road 533
bridge, T. 44 N., R. 23 W., sec. 2;
(j) Werner Creek - mouth, T. 44 N., R.
21 W., sec. 30.
*28. Rapid River -

(a) U.S. 2 bridge, T. 41 N., R. 21 W.,

on south line of sec. 20;

(b) U.S. 41 bridge, T. 42 N., R. 21 W.,

sec. 19.

29. Tacoosh River - U.S. 41 bridge, T. 41

N., R. 21 W., sec. 19.

30. Days River - U.S. 2 bridge, T.40N., R.

22 W., sec. 2.

31. Escanaba River - T. 39 N., R. 23 W.,

sec. 1.

32. Portage Creek - M-35 bridge, T. 38

N., R. 23 W., sec. 1.
*33. Ford River -

(a) M-95 bridge, T. 43 N., R. 30 W.,

sec. 17;

(b) 1/4 mile above mouth. T. 38 N., R.

23 W., sec. 16;

(c) County Road 581 bridge, T. 43 N.,

R. 28 W., sec. 22;

(d) bridge, T. 41 N., R. 24 W., sec.

19.

34. Sunny Brook - M-35 bridge, T. 38 N.,

R. 23 W., sec. 20.

35. Bark River - M-35 bridge, T. 37 N., R.

24 W., sec. 27.
Menominee County, Mich.:
*36. Cedar River -

(a) weir site, T. 35 N., R. 25 W., sec.

11;

(b) County Road 551 at McCarty Bridge,

T. 37 N., R. 25 W., on east line
of sec. 22;

(c) U.S. 2 bridge, T. 38 N., R. 26 W.,

sec. 8.

37. Sugar Creek - M-35 bridge, T. 34 N.,

R. 25 W., sec. 4.

38. Rochereau Creek - M-35 bridge, T. 34

N., R. 25 W., sec. 31.

39. Johnson Creek - M-35 bridge, T. 33N.,

R. 26 W., sec. 1.

40. Bailey Creek - M-35 bridge, T. 33 N.,

R. 26 W., sec. 14.

41. Seattle Creek - M-35 bridge, T. 33 N.,

R. 26 W., sec. 28.

42. Springer Creek - M-35 bridge, T. 32 N.,

R. 26 W., sec. 7.

43. Menominee River - T. 32 N., R. 28 W.,

sec. 14.
Marinette County, Wis.:

44. Peshtigo River - County Road W bridge,

T. 31 N., R. 21 E., sec. 28.
Oconto County, Wis.:

45. Oconto River - U.S. Mlbridge, T. 28N.,

R. 20 E., sec. 34.

46. Pensaukee River - U.S. 141 bridge, T.

27 N., R. 20 E., sec. 26.
Door County, Wis.:

47. Ephraim Creek - mouth, T. 31 N., R.

27 E., sec. 23.

40

48. Hibbards Creek - mouth, T. 29 N., R.

27 E., sec. 14.

49. Whitefish Bay Creek - mouth, T. 28 N.,

R. 27 E., sec. 15.

50. Lily Bay Creek - County Road T bridge,

T. 27 N., R. 27 E., sec. 6.

51. Bear Creek - mouth, T. 26 N., R. 26 E.,

sec. 28.
Kewaunee County, Wis.:

52. Ahnapee River - County Road J bridge,

T, 26 N., R. 25 E., on south line of
sec. 29.

53. Three Mile Creek -Highway 42 bridge,

T. 24 N., R. 25 E., sec. 10.

54. Kewaunee River - County Road F bridge,

T. 23 N., R. 24 E., sec. 23.
Manitowoc County, Wis.:

55. East Twin River - Highway 147 bridge,

T. 20 N., R. 24 E., sec. 4.
Manistee County, Mich.:
*56. Little Manistee River -

(a) M-37 bridge, T. 19 N., R. 13 W.,

sec. 1 1 ;

(b) bridge, T. 21 N., R. 16 W., sec. 21.

MS. #1608

41

GPO 9 27- 483

MBL WHOI Library - Serials

5 WHSE 01749

Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior — a depart-
ment of conservation — is concerned with the management,
conservation, and development of the Nation's water, fish,
wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational re-
sources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and
Territorial affairs.

As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the De-
partment works to assure that nonrenewable resources are
developed and used wisely, that park and recreational re-
sources are conserved for the future, and that renewable
resources make their full contribution to the progress, pros-
perity, and security of the United States — now and in the
future.

UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE

BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES

WASHINGTON, D.G. 20240

POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF-THE INTERIOR

OFFICIAL BUSINESS

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