Settiong] “be ,

SPECIES CONCHYLIORUM,

OR

CONCISE ORIGINAL DESCRIPTIONS AND OBSERVATIONS
ACCOMPANIED BY FIGURES

OF ALL THE

SPECIES OF RECENT SHELLS,

WITH THEIR VARIETIES.

Vol. I.—Part I. containing

A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS: CYMBA,
By WJ Broverrr, Eso., F.B.S., L.S., &c. V.P.GS.
MONOGRAPHS OF THE GENERA
ANCILLARIA, OVULUM AND PANDORA,
By GBS SOWERBY, F.LS., &.

PonDort:

G. B. SOWERBY, 156, REGENT STREET.

NOV. 1830.

STIRLING, PRINTER,
TRONMONGER LANE, CHEAPSIDE.

C—

MAY 22 1958
LIBRARY

INTRODUCTION

TO THE

MONOGRAPHS OF THE GENERA

CYMBA, MELO, AND VOLUTA,

By W. J. Broperip, Esq., F.R.S. and L.S., §c., V.P.G.S.

Tue genus Voluta of Linneus contains forty-five species, and consists of testaceous Mol-
lusca, varying essentially in their form, their habits, and their geographical distribution. Some
are marine; others are the inhabitants of marshes and the banks of rivers; some have opercula.
others have none. The shells of some are covered with an epidermis; others are without that
covering. Some breathe air, and would perish in water; others breathe only through the
medium of water. Some are carnivorous; others feed on plants. The base of the shells in
some is entire, in others it is notched; in short, plaits on the pillar of the shell form the leading
distinction of a Linnean Voluta,* and the species recorded in the Systema Nature are widely
diffused in regard to climate, both in the Old and the New World..

The genus is divided by Linneus into five sections. The first consists of Mollusca with
Shells, the aperture of which is entire; and of this section Voluta Auris Mide, Linn., (Auricula
Mide, Lam.) and Voluta Solidula, Linn., (Tornatella solidula, Lam.) may be taken as
examples.

The next section consists of the ‘‘ Cylindroidee,” and of this, Voluta porphyria, Linn.,
(Oliva porphyria, Lam.) may be taken as an example: indeed, this section, which contains but
three species, consists entirely of the genus Oliva, Lam. Then come the ‘“‘ Ovate,” consisting
of the genera Marginella, Columbella, Cancellaria, Volvaria, anda small part of the genus Mitra,
Lam. We are next presented with the “ Fusiformes,”’ consisting of the genera Mitra, Turbi-
nella, and a part of Voluta, Lam.; and

?

The last section, the ‘* Ventricose,”’ is composed of another part of the genus Voluta, Lam.,
(Les Gondolieres) which portion has been divided by the author of this Monograph, and affords
many of the species of the genera Cymba and Melo.+

This statement refers to the genus Voluta as left by Linneus in the last edition of the
Systema Nature ;{ but, in Gmelin’s edition§ the number of species is increased to one hundred

* Volute genus facillimé distinguitur columella plicata, Syst, Nat, p. 1195, ed. 12.
+ See Sowerby’s Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells, No. 28, j The 12th, § The 13th.

to

and forty-five ; and the additions will all bear the test laid down by Linneeus as characteristic of
the genus Voluta, for they have all plaits on the pillar of the shell.

With all the veneration with which the name of Linnzus impresses us, it is impossible not to
feel that there is justice in the following strictures by Lamarck, ‘‘ Le genre Voluta de Linné,
‘* quoique caractérisé d’une maniére assez distincte, d’apres la consideration de l’existence des
‘* plis sur la columelle de la coquille, est tres peu naturel; car il réunit des coquillages de familles
“ différentes qu'il faut distinguer, séparer et écarter, parce qu’elles ne s’avoisinent point. II
‘* comprend effectivement des coquilles 4 ouverture enti¢re, comme les Auricules; d’autres a
** ouverture canaliculée a la base, comme les Fasciolaires et les Turbinelles qui avoisinent les
‘* Rochers; enfin, d’autres encore dont l’ouverture est simplement échancrée a sa base, comme
‘ celle des buccins, ete.: ce qui lui donne une étendue extremement considérable, nuisible a
‘ Vétude des especes, et défectueuse 4 l’égard des rapports entre les objets réunis.’’*

If any disciple of Linnzus should be disposed to consider the French naturalist somewhat
severe, let him remember that, at the time when Lamarck wrote, the number of recent species
of Volute, strictly Linnean, had increased from forty-five to two hundred and eighty-eight.+

Since the appearance of Lamarck’s Work, the researches of naturalists have brought to

light such numbers to swell the catalogue, that the species of many of these genera are increased

two-fold, and even three-fold. Lamarck then may be pardoned for declarimg that the extent
of a genus comprehending all these heterogeneous Testacea, is ‘‘nuisible a l’étude des espéces
‘“* et défectueuse a l’égard des rapports entre les objets réunis.”’

Bruguicres was the first effectual reformer of this disordered state of things, and he separated
from this genus, over-grown even in his time, all those species which were without a notch at
the base. Lamarck carried the reformation further, and separated from it the genera Mitra,
Columbella, Marginella, Cancellaria, and Turbinella, leaving only those shells which constitute
his genus Voluta, an assemblage of ‘Trachelipoda all marine, carnivorous, and breathing through
the medium of sea-water only; with plaits on the pillar of the shell, and a notch at its base,
but destitute of an operculum. Of the genus thus modified, Linneus recorded only seven
species, Lamarck has published forty-four; and the readers of this work will see what a number
of new species has enriched our cabinets since the appearance of Lamarck’s work.

The genus Voluta as left by Lamarck, has undergone a still further division into the genera
Cymba, Melo, and Voluta ; and we are now about to present to the reader a Monograph of the
first of these genera.

Before, however, we proceed to a consideration of the genus Cymba, it may be satisfac-
tory, in the midst of the difficulties which a conchologist has to encounter, to mark the progress
of knowledge arising from the information which even the exuvie of Testacea, when received

_ ina natural state, throw upon his studies. The seventh Volume of the Animaux sans vertebres
was published in August, 1822; and Lamarck there says of his genus Voluta, ‘“ Les

©

o

* Lam. Anim. sans vertebres, Tom, VII, p. 327.
+ Viz. Voluta, Lam., 44, Mitra, 80. Marginella, 22, Turbinella, 25, Columbella, 18. Auricula, 14. Cancellaria, 12. Tornatella, 6.

Volvaria, 5. Oliva, 62.
Ds}

‘* espéces sont en général lisses, brillantes, et il ne parait pas qu’aucune d’elles soit pourvue de
‘“¢ drap marin.’’*

A careful collection of the shells of these Testacea has enabled the author to state from
actual experience that the majority of species recorded by Lamarck are provided with the “ drap
‘¢ marin;’’ and he is induced to believe that few, if any, of the species of Cymba, Melo, or
Voluta, are entirely without it. The species of Cymba have not only this drap marin, but also
the additional protection of a glaze, or vitreous pellicle, more or less extended over the shell.
This last is increased as the animal advances in age; and, in some species, as in Cymbz probosci-
dalis, poreina, rubiginosa, &c. forms a complete surtout, which, in old specimens, has such an
appearance as has led more than one uninitiated spectator to inquire whether a thick coating of
enamel had not been poured over the shell.

But the want of the soft parts is forcibly felt by the conchologist who aims at a higher
object than giving a name to a new species. Till we have an opportunity of observing these
animals, till we have them under the dissecting-knife, their proper place in the scheme of
nature can never be satisfactorily known, and our best attempts at placing them according to
their exuvie will be the result of little more than conjecture; but an intimate acquaintance
with their anatomy, as adapted to the construction of the shell, and a knowledge of their
habits of life, would dispel much of the obscurity which still hangs over the animal economy
of the testaceous Mollusca, and would afford materials for general conclusions.

Much, indeed, has been said by Comparative Anatomists, but a great deal remains undone;
and however reluctant our vanity may be, to leave the subject on which we are employed open
to the correction and improvement of those who will come to the elucidation of it with increased
knowledge, we must be content to add the little light which our information enables us to give,
and cheerfully to labour according to our strength in clearing the path for those who are to
come after us. These Monographs are produced with any feeling but that of infallibility, and
the errors of the Author will serve as landmarks to warn those who may hereafter embark in
the same inquiry.

* Anim, sans vertépres, Tom. VII, p. 328.

CYMBA.

Testa levis, admodum ventricosa. Epidermis levis, fusca, tegmine quasi vitreo partim vel omnino
obducta. Apex rudis. Spira brevissima. Columella curva, 2--4 plicata, plicis magnis,
acutis. Labium externum haud reflexwn. Basis profunde emarginata. Apertura
hians.

Caput grande, planwm, tentaculis remotis, oculis pone tentacula positis. Pallium magnum.
Pes maximus. Operculum nullum. Animal carnivorum.

Habitat marinum in calidioribus mundi veteris regionibus.

Oss. The genus Cymba seems to form a natural group of testaceous Mollusca, the shells
of which are marked by very strong characters; for these are ventricose, sombre, and, for the
most part, uniform in colour, and the apex of the spire is so rudely fashioned, that in the
oreater part of the species, it may be said to be almost shapeless. The shells are covered with
a smooth brown epidermis, which is, in adult individuals, more or less coated, (in some instances
entirely) with a vitreous covering or enamel-like glaze, probably secreted by the mantle. The
columella is curved, and the base deeply emarginate. The food of these marine Trachelipoda
consists of animal substances: they are inhabitants of warm climates, and there is no direct
evidence that one of the genus has been found in the New World, if we confine the meaning
of that term to America and its Islands; neither is the author aware that any of the shells of
this genus have been found in a fossil state.

Some explanation may be necessary to account for the adoption of the eeneric name Cymba
instead of Cymbium, which is used by many of the continental writers to distinguish the Gon-
doliéres of Lamarck (Cymba and Melo, ob.). Klein, Adanson, and Denys de Montfort describe,
it is true, a genus Cymbium. But Adanson employed the term in 1757, to distinguish a genus,
which, from the extreme simplicity of the structure of the shell, he places at the head of the
univalves, and which, under no system, could be deemed even an approach to a turbinated shell
with plaits on the pillar. Denys de Montfort, in 1810, designates by the term Cymbium a
genus, of which he makes Voluta Aithiopica, Awct. (Melo Athiopicus, nob.) the generic type:
nor does he mention any other species. Klein, indeed, calls Adanson’s Yet, ‘* Cymbium,’’ but
Gualtieri had used the word in 1742 (eleven years before Klein published his ‘“ Tentamen’’) as
a generic name for the Argonaute of Linneus. It may be added, that De Blainville, in his
© Malacologie,”’ figures Cymba Cymbium (Voluta Cymbium, Awct.) as an illustration of De
Montfort’s genus. De Montfort, who figures Melo AXthiopicus, as his example, gives the
following as one reason for separating the genus from Voluta, ‘‘ le mamelon de leur Coquille est
particulier.” The apex of Melo is indeed regularly and beautifully fashioned; but that of
Cymba is almost a shapeless mass.

Since the publication of the genus Cymba in Sowerby’s ‘‘ Genera,” the author has observed
that term applied by M. M. Quoy and Gaimard, who have so much enriched the catalogue of
marine animals, to a genus of naked Mollusca. He regrets this coincidence of names, but,
adhering to the rule of priority, sees no reason for making any alteration.

CYMBA NEPTUNI. Pig. 2. a. b.c. d.

C. testd obovatd, ventricoso-tumidd, rufo-fuscescente, anfractis basalis limbo apicem obliteratum pretereunts, carinato, subreflexo ;
columelld 4-plicatd.

Obs, In junioribus et pracipue in pullis, testa tenuis, fusco-rufescens albo nebulata, et apex rudis penitus exsertus.

Syn. Voluta Neptuni, Gmel. Voluta Auguria? Soland. MSS., Port. Cat. p. 64, lot. 1448.

Icon. teste adulte, fig. 2.d. List. Conch., t. 802, f. 8. Adanson, Senegal, pl. 3, f. 1, L'Yet. Gualt. Test. t. 27. Seba,
Mus. 3. t. 64, f. 3 et t. 65, f. 3. Martini, Conch. Cab. 3, t. 71, f. 767. Wood, Index Testac. t. 21, f. 181.

Icon. teste junioris, fig. 2, a. b. c. List. Conch., t. 795, f. 2. Seba Mus. 3, t. 65, f. 7 et t. 66, f. 4. Encyclop. t. 386, f. 1.

Icon. pulli (Voluta Navicula, Gmel.) Sowerby, Genera (Cymba f. 1, Cymba Neptuni). List. Conch. t. 795, f. 2. Seba,
Mus. 3. t. 64, f. 10, 11. Martini, Conch. Cab. t. 71, f. 768, 769. Wood, Ind. Test. t. 21, f. 182.

Hab. in Oceano Africano, juxta littora.

Desc. Shell obovate, tumid, ventricose, of a brownish red, covered with a strong brown epidermis, over which an enamel-hike
glaze is extended from the pillar over about a fourth part of the shell, leaving the epidermis of the back uncoated. In full grown
specimens the spire and apex are entirely concealed, and the upper border of the body whorl, which is carinated and somewhat
reflected, overhangs both, so as to form an open, somewhat round concavity. The pillar is four plaited.

In younger individuals and especially in those lately produced, the shell is thin, of a brownish red mottled with white, and

the rude apex of the spire appears entirely uncovered. 2

CYMBA TRITONIS. Fig. 3. et 3. a.b.
C. testé ovato-tumidd, elongata, pallente, anfractis basalis limbo apicem rotundum supereminente subreflexo ; columella triplicata.
Obs. Juniores colore virente-fusco gaudent.
Icon. fig. 3. et 3.a. Seba, Mus. t. 64, f. 3.2
Var. fusca, testa forsan junior et nana.
Tcon. fig. 3. b.

Hab. in Oceano Africano.

Desc. Shell ovate, tumid, elongated, pale-brown or whitish, covered with a brownish epidermis, over which an enamel-like
glaze extends from the pillar about as far as it does in Cymba Neptuni. The rounded apex of the spire in full grown individuals is
very nearly concealed, and is over-hung by the border of the spire and body-whorl, so as to present the appearance of a shallow
winding excavation, (at the bottom of which the tip of the apex may be discerned,) differing entirely in character from that which
is observed in Cymba Neptuni ; the aperture is much less patulous ; and the whole shell is more symmetrical and melon-like.

CYMBA PATULA. Fig. 4 et 4 b.

C. testd tumidd labium versus gibbd, brunneo-rubente, anfractis basalis limbo excavato, subreflero, apicem subrotundum exser-
tum vix pretereunte ; columelld 4-plicatd ; aperturd valde patuld.
Icon. fig. 4, et 4 b.

Hab. in Oceano Africano, juxta littora.

Desc. Shell tumid, gibbous towards the outer lip, brownish red, covered with a brownish epidermis, partially coated, as
in the last species, with an enamel-like glaze. The spire is excavated and open, the rounded apex partly apparent, and the upper
border of the body-whorl carinated, and somewhat reflected. The pillar, which has four plaits, is straighter than that of Cymba
Neptuni and Cymba Tritcnis, and the aperture from the gibbous extension of the outer lip is very wide. The shells of all the

individuals of this species seen by the author have the appearance of being full-grown, and are very much inferior in size to the
two species last described.

CYMBA PROBOSCIDALIS. Fig. 5, a.b, ¢, d.

C. testd elongatd, ventricoso-cylindraced, pallidé fulvd, anfractis basalis limbo apicem obliteratum pretereunte, producto, patulo.
carinato, subreflexo ; columella 4-plicatd.
Obs. In etate provectis, testa tegmine vitreo penitus adoperta.
Apex in junioribus exsertus, subglandiformis.

Hab. in Oceano Philippino, Lam. In Oceano Africano, juxta littora, G. B.S.

Syn. Voluta proboscidalis, Lam.

Icon. teste adulte, fig. 5. d. Sowerby, Genera, (Cymba, fig. 3, Cymba proboscidalis,) List. Conch., t. 800. fig. 7. Encyclop.
t. 389, fig. 2.

Icon. teste junioris, fig. 5, c.

Icon. Pulli (nonne Voluta papillaris et Voluta Glans, Gmel.?) fig. 5,a, b. Seba, Mus. 3, t. 64, fig. 9 et t. 66, fig. 13, 14, 16.
Chemn., 10, t. 148, f. 1393, 1394,

Desc. Shell elongated, somewhat cylindrical, but ventricose towards the middle, reddish yellow, which becomes paler in
full-grown specimens, covered with a~dark brown epidermis, which is entirely coated in adults with the enamel-like glaze. The
spire and apex are almost entirely obliterated in full-grown individuals, and the reflected upper border of the body-whorl exposes
a wide, somewhat excavated, snout-like area, from which the species obtains its name. The pillar has four plaits, the last being
comparatively small. The shell grows to a large size. The author possesses a shell of this species, to which numerous Coronule
(Chelonobie, Leach, ) and Crepidule are attached. The animal has buried the majority of these adhesions under the thickest coat
of enamel-like glaze hitherto observed on the shell of the species.

CYMBA PORCINA. Fig. 6. a. b.c. e.g. hii. k,

C. testd subcylindricd, pallidée fusca ; anfractis basalis limbo apicem subobsoletum vic supereminente, patulo, tantum non plano,
subcarinato ; columella biplicatd.

Obs. Apex in junioribus exsertus.

Syn. Voluta porcina, Lam. 5

Icon. teste adulte, fiz. 6, 9, hi, k. dans. Seneg. t. 3, fig. 2. (Le Philin.) Seba, Mus. 3, t. 65, fig. 5, 6, et t. 66, fig. 5.
Martini, Conch. Cab. 3, t. 70, fig. 764. Encyclop. t. 386, fig. 2. Wood, Ind. test, t. 21, fig. 179.

Icon, teste junioris, fig. 6, c, e.*

Teon. pulli, fig. 6, a, b.

Hab. in Oceano Africano juxta littora. (Senegal.)

Desc. Shell subcylindrical, whiteish, covered with a thin ash-coloured epidermis, which is coated by a silvery enamel-like
pellicle, extending over about two-thirds of the shell. The apex is more visible than in Cymba proboscidalis, but the spire is
entirely concealed. The upper border of the body-whorl is less reflected than it is in that shell, and the area, though very open,
is less excavated. In fine specimens the aperture is of a rich brown colour. ‘The plaits on the pillar are only two. The shell is
yery inferior in size to that of Cymba proboscidalis.

* The shells represented at fig. 6, d, f, are perhaps varieties of Cymba porcina in a young state, or they may be Cymba prcboscidalis in
an intermediate stage of growth,

CYMBA RUBIGINOSA. Fig. 7, a, b, ¢, d.
C. testd elongutd, subcylindricd, pallida, anfractis basalis limbo apicem subobliteratum supereminente ; columella triplicatd ;
fuuce rubiginosd.

Obs. In ztate provectis, testa tegminc vitreo penitus adoperta : in jumioribus apex subconicus exsertus.

Syn. Voluta rubiginosa, Swainson.

Icon. teste adulte, fig. 7, c, d.

Icon. teste junioris, fig. 7, a, b.t Swainson, Exot. Conch. (Voluta rubiginosa.) An Martini, Conch. Cab. 3, t. 70, fig. 765 2

Hab. in. Oceano Australi?

Desc. Shell elongated, irregularly cylindrical, pale, (except on and near the pillar and in the aperture, where it is of a
rich rusty brown) covered with a delicate pale brown epidermis, which is entirely coated in old individuals with a brown
enamel-like glaze. The apex of the sliell is almost obliterated, and the border of the spire and body-whorl, which is less
sharp than in the species already described, is produced somewhat beyond it, exposing a rounded excavated area, deeper,
but much more contracted than that of the shell of Cymba porcina. The pillar is three-plaited.

+ The shells represented at fig. 7,a, b are different individuals,

NX

In younger individuals the subconical apex, together with the spire, is exposed, and the upper edge of the border
of the body-whorl, which is sharper than it is in old specimens, does not project beyond them; neither does the
enamel-like glaze, which in this stage of growth is thin and silvery, cover more than two-thirds of the shell.

CYMBA OLLA. Fig. J, a, b, ¢, d.

C. testd ovatd, ventricosd, pallidé luteo-fulvd ; spird brevi, canaliculatd, apice subconico, exserto ; columelld 2-plicatd.

Syn. Voluta Olla, Linn. et Auct.

Icon. teste adulte, fig. 1, b, d. Swainson, Exot. Conch. (Voluta Olla.) Gualt. test. t. 29, fig. A, Favanne, Conch. t. 28, fig.
c, 1. Knorr, Delic. 6, t. 22, fig. 2. Martini, Conch. Cab. 3. t. 71, fig. 766. Encyclop. t. 385, fig. 2. List. Conch. t. 794, fig. 1.
Wood, Ind. test. t. 21, fig. 180.

Icon. varietatis fascia pallidiore,* fig. 1, c.

Icon. pulli. fig. 1, a.

Hab. in Mari Mediterraneo (Gibraltar.)

Desc. Shell ovate, veniricose, pale fulvous, covered with a thin pale brown epidermis, which is coated with an enamel-
like glaze from near the pillar to about two-thirds of the shell. The subconical apex is exposed as well as the spire, which last,
together with the upper part of the body-whorl, is rounded and deeply channelled. Pillar with two plaits.

* Favanne (Append. pl. 2, fig. I.) gives a representation of a variety marbled with white: I have neyer seen this variety. Lamarck’s
“‘ var, labio dilatatissimo, extus sulco transversali distincto,’’ for which he quotes Lister, t. 794, f. 1, is probably only accidental, in conse-
quence of some derangement in the collar of the animal.

CYMBA GRACILIS. Fig. 8, a, b, ¢, d.

C. testa subcylindricd, albo rufoque nebulosd ; spird sub-excavatd, apice subglandiformi conspicuo ; labii limbo spiram versus
inflexo ; columelld 4-plicatd.

Icon. fig. 8,a, b,c, d.t Martini, Conch. Cab. 3. t. 71. f 762.

Habitat ?

Desc. Shell subcylindrical, clouded with white and reddish. The spire somewhat excavated, and the subglandiform apex
conspicuous. The area much less, and the channelling much shallower than in C. Cymbium : the pillar, which has four plaits,
ouch straighter, the aperture narrower, and the whole shell more slender and symmetrical. The sharp upper border of the lip
is very much inflected towards the spire, and the shell is covered with a thin brown epidermis, which is coated with the enamel-
like glaze for about one-third of the shell, beginning near the pillar. There is reason for concluding that in very old specimens
this coating extends much further.

+ The shell figured 8, c, d, is possibly a variety, but its bad condition does not permit a decisive opinion.

CYMBA CYMBIUM. Fig. 9, a, b,c, d.

C. testd subovatd, albo rufoque marmoratd; spird canaliculatd, carinatd, apice subglandiformi, conspicuo ; columella 3-plicata.
Syn. Voluta Cymbium, Linn. et Auct.
Icon. teste adulta, fig. 9, c, d. Sowerby, Genera, (/Cymba, fig. 2, Cymba Cymbium.) List. Conch. t. 796, fig. 3. Gualt. test.
t. 29, fig. B. Adans. Seneg. 1.3, fig. 1? Seba, Mus. 3, t. 65, fig. 8,9. Martini, Conch. Cab. 3, t. 70, fig. 763,
fig. 3,a,b. Wood, Ind. Test. t. 21, fig. 178.
Icon. teste junioris epidermide obtecti, fig. 9, b.

6 Encyelop. t. 386,

Icon. pulli, fig. 9, a.

Habitat in Ocearo Africano.

Desc. Shell irregularly ovate, marbled with white and brownish red, covered with a thin brown epidermis, which is coated
for about one-third of the shell with the enamel-like glaze, which takes its commencement near the pillar. The spire is deeply
channelled and carinated, exposing the subglandiform apex, and forming with the subreflected sharp upper border of the body-
whorl, a wide spiral excavation. The upper edge of the outer lip recedes from the spire. The pillar, which is yery much curyed,
has three plaits, and is bordered on the basal half with a rich chesnut longitudinal band,

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OVULUM.*

Ovuta. Lamarck, Hist. Nat. des Anim. sans vert. VII. p. 366.
Sowerby, Genera of Shells, No. IL.
Ovutus, Rapius, CaLpurnus, Untimus, Montf.

Ovuta, Smnta, Leach.

Testa ovata vel ovato-oblonga, plerumque ventricosa, spira occulta. Apertura longitudinalis.
elongata, supra angusta, infra latior; extremitatibus emarginatis et in canales plus
minusve productis; labio interno edentulo, externo rarissime tenui, acuto, plerumque
incrassato, involuto, interdum levi, nonnunquam denticulato seu crenulato.

WuEn I prepared my account of this genus for the second number of my Genera of Recent
and Fossil Shells, I had met with but few species, and Lamarck who had paid much attention
to the species had only described twelve recent and two fossil. My acquaintance with them is at
present much more extended, and I now present my readers with an account of twenty-seven
recent species. Having prepared the present account a long time, I was induced to offer it for
publication in the Zoological Journal, where, I have stated that there is one species described in
Lamarck’s Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans vertébres, namely, the O. hordeaceuwm, which I
have never yet seen: I have, however, since had an opportunity of examining the identical
specimen of this species described by Lamarck, and now publish as good an account of it as can
be drawn up from the specimen in its present state.+

The animal of this genus is still unknown to Naturalists; there is, however, strong reason
to believe that it is nearly related to that of Cyprea, all the species being more or less covered
with a shining enamel-like shelly coat, evidently deposited by the bipartite mantle spreading
over the two sides of the shell, though seldom extending so far over the back as nearly to meet
and form a dorsal line as it frequently does in Cyprea. The affinities of Ovulwm appear to be
on one side to Cyprea, and on the other to Bulla, to which it seems to be connected by the Bulle
Naucum and cylindrica: this observation must, however, be regarded as suggested by the
general similarity in form of the British Bulla patula, which I have here united to Ovulum.

In their general form the Ovula are more or less ovate or oblong; most of the species are
rather ventricose, a few are, however, nearly cylindrical: the spire is always hidden, its volutions
being horizontal and not descending as they increase, but always preserving the same plane: the
aperture is longitudinal, of the whole length of the shell, narrow at its upper part, and more
expanded towards the base: both the upper and lower extremities are more or less notched, and

* Ovulum, being a diminutive from Ovum which is neuter, our classical friends will acknowledge the propriety of this change in this
termination.

+ I consider myself compelled to notice a shell of which a description is published in the Bulletin des Sciences naturelles as a new species
having six brown dots upon its back, Having, at a most disproportionate price become possessed of this shell, I am free to state that the

author of that description must have been deceived in it; I can only regard it as a small specimen of Ovulum Margarita, wpon which some
designing person has either burned or painted the six little brown dots!

each produced into a longer or shorter canal: the inner or columellar lip is smooth, without teeth
or crenulation; a fold or pliciform tooth is, however, observable in several species both at the
upper and lower ends of this lip: the outer lip is very seldom thin and sharp-edged; it is gene-
rally thickened and involute, frequently quite smooth, sometimes crenulated or denticulated.
In their young state the outer lip is thin and sharp-edged, and the outside is not covered with the
shining enamel-like shelly coat.

Since the publication of Lamarck’s Hist. Nat des Anim. sans vert. (when only two were
known), there have been considerable additions to the number of fossil species, several small
species having occurred in the Crag, in the Calcaire Grossier and in the contemporaneous forma-
tions, near Bordeaux, in Touraine, at Piacenza, and in Britain;* I believe the fossil Ovula have
not occurred in any bed below the London clay.

I had prepared the above observations on the genus Ovulwm, when I was favoured by the
Rev. Dr. Goodall with the following extract from the Zoological part of the Voyage de Freyci-
net, by M. M. Quoy et Gaimard, which proves the correctness of my suggestion relative to the
animal of Ovulwm. Iam not, however, induced to degrade it from the rank of a genus, because
I think there are sufficient distinguishing characters.

“ T’animal de l’Ovule a la plus grande ressemblance avec celui de la Cyprée, comme
‘* pouvoit le faire pressentir le grand rapprochement des coquilles. Sa forme générale est tout
‘“* 4 fait la méme; son manteau est double; les cirres de la bande marginale, pédiculés et renflés
‘en champignon a l’extrémité, sont moins nombreux et ont une autre forme que ceux des
‘¢ Cyprees. En avant et en arriére les deux lobes du manteau se continuent sous forme de canal,
‘* plus marqué en avant, ou il presente un rudiment de tube. Le pied est celui d’une Cyprée,
“* cest a dire, fort grand, ovale, a bords minces, l’antérieur traversé par un sillon marginal. II
‘“* presentoit vers le milieu de cette extremité une sorte de ventouse assez profonde, a bords assez
“ yéguliers; mais n’ayant vu qu’un individu d’Ovule, nous n’osons conclure que ce soit une dis-
‘“* position normale. Méme identite pour la téte et la trompe qui paroit pouvoir se dilater en
‘“* trompette; les yeux sont seulement un peu plus petits. Il existe un rudiment de dent labiale
‘* supérieure, fort étroite, en fer a cheval et colléea la peau de manieére a n’avoir pas une grande
“action. La masse linguale, epaisse, ovale, en partie libre dans la cavité buccale, est armée
‘“* de petits crochets comme a ]’ordinaire. L’anus est a l’extremite d’un petit tube flottant dirigé
‘“‘ en arriere dans la cavité branchiale; celui-gi est immense et contient deux branchies, dont
‘* Yune fort grande, en fer a cheval, enferme la plus petite dans son ouverture, qui est dirigée en
‘avant. L’oviduc, terminé par un tube libre flottant dans la cavité branchiale, est dirig¢é
‘“« d’avant en arriére. Ainsi, la consideration de l’animal dé l’Ovule exige presque la réunion
‘“* de ce genre avec celui des Cyprees.”’ p.p. 444, 445.

The following table must be considered as entirely artificial, it is prepared with a view to
assist in the ascertaining the names of species, not as an attempt at a natural arrangement of

the genus.

* A large fossil shell having the form of Cyprea Mus, has been discovered in Holland, and referred to this genus by M. Duclos, under
the specific name of O. tuberculosa ; this shell is, however, more properly arranged with the Cypree,

SPECIERUM OVULI GENERIS
CLAVIS ANALYTICA.

: ; margine labii externi incrassato 2

margine labii externi tenui, acuto vel subacuto 25

3 ; margine labii externi interné crenulato vel denticulato 3
margine labii externi interné levi 16

5 a rotundato 4

dorso obtusé angulato 11

h ee inferioris margine sinistrali rectiusculo 5
canalis inferioris margine sinistrali distincté uniplicato 9
canali impresso inter labium sinistrale canalis superioris et corpus testa ‘ . : 2 . - 1 Ovum.
° ; columella superné uniplicata 6
plica superiore columellari valida, acutiuscula 7
: } plica superiore obtusi, testa subglobosa 0 5 . 2 5 é : : 5 . 4 2 Margarita.
testa elongato-ovata A ; 6 : ; j : ; , : 5 5 : 5 3 Adriaticum.
on pyriformi 8
canali inferiore subreflexo : P g A é 0 . ; : ; : 4 pyriforme.
: testa colore carneo-rubescente . 6 6 . C 6 0 : 0 : 9 ° A 5 carneum,
; testa pyriformi ‘ ' : . Q : : 0 c 5 : 5 : : : 6 marginatum.
9 A ;
testa ovata 10
¢ labii externi margine lato, dorso nonnunquam subangulato . : : E ; 5 E 7 lacteum.
) margine labii externi angustiore, depresso 6 6 : . 3 0 é . 3 - 8 breve.
extremitatibus dorsi verrucosis : iy : : 6 . 0 0 c " 6 9 verrucosum.
; extremitatibus appendiculo nullo 12
testa ovali, intus rosea < : : 5 ‘ 4 ‘ p : ‘ : 5 é P 10 angulosum.
12 - °
ee oblongo-oyvali 13
testa subcylindricaé, extremitatibus subacutis A : ‘ ; x 3 : 4 ; 11 triticeum.
13 : : Toe Sine
ve fusiformi, extremitatibus acuminatis 14
14 ae albida, dorso transversé striato, vel extremitatibus striatis 15
testa rubescente, dorso albido-cingulato 0 6 : 5 d “ o ; : c : 12 Frumentum.
a 5 testa alba, dorso transversé striato 5 ; 3 ‘ 5 . G 5 : : * 13 striatulum.

testa superné emarginato ; 0 6 0 6 A 5 : : : : : 14 emargznatum

extremitatibus obtusis 17
extremitatibus plus minusve acuminatis seu rostratis 19

¢ dorso obtus® angulato . ; : : : 5 6 ° : - 5 : . 15 gibbosum.
2 dorso rotundato 18

testa ovata, alba . 6 A : A A $ : 0 : . : - 16 obtusum.
ee oblonga rubescente ° : 0 ° : A ° “ : : 17 Seminulum.

§ plicd superiore collumellari obliqua 20
2 plica indistinct vel nulla 23

testa subcylindrica 21

testa ovato-fusiformi 22

a ae minima, apice superiore subacuto : : Sia fo é Aas : : : . 18 Formicarium.
apice superiore mucronato 5 . : 9 5 : : 5 0 0 : 0 . 19 Secale,
29 labio externo infra subangulato 9 S : 5 9 : 5 ° : : ¢ . 20 Spelta,
dorso obtusé angulato : 0 9 3 : 9 : : . c : : . . 21 intermedium.
93 ; rostris breviusculis . : c . c : 6 : : . 2 ¢ . : - 22 birostre.
rostris longioribus 24
testee corpore fusiformi . : 9 9 : 5 : 6 : 0 . é c 23 longirostratum.
a ee corpore ovato 3 9 : . 5 . : : 5 : : : . 24 Volva.
testa cylindrica, margine subacuto : i ¢ 4 ; ‘ B 7 5 : u 25 aciculare.
22 yes ventricosa, margine acuto : 5 : 0 : : . c 3 5 0 26 patulum.

27 hordeaceum.

Species incerte sedis

OVULUM OVUM. Fig. 1 to 5.

O. testd ovato-inflatd, medio ventricosd, politd, lacted; extremitatibus prominulis, subtruncatis; fauce aurantiaco-brunned :
long. 3-85, lat. 24, poll,
Ovula Oviformis, Lam. Anim. sans vert VII., 366. Bulla Ovum nonnull.
8; poll.
exempl. majusc. 2,8,, lat. 135 poll.

109

Var. testa pygmea, incrassatd, dorso utrinque sulco terminali cicatricoso instructo; long. exempl. minor. 1,5, lat. 5

Hab, in Oceano Indico.

Desc. The largest and handsomest species of the genus. Shell brilliantly polished, milk-white, egg-shaped, both
extremities prominent, slightly truncated; outer lip much thickened, irregularly crenulated on its inner edge; inside of a rich
orange brown; a fold of the inner lip forms a regular canal at the upper as well as lower extremity. The very young shell is
slightly transversely striated, its surface 1s duller, its outer lip is sharp-edged and not inflected ; as it increases, the outer lip becomes
thickened and turned inwards ; and the shell attains its brilliant polish: the colour of the inside also strengthens with age ; the very
young shell being colourless. A dwarf variety occurs which is less than an inch and an half long, and which has an irregular
cicatrix at the back of each produced end.

OVULUM MARGARITA. Fig. 19 and 20.

O. testd ovali-subglobosd, superné obtusa, infra subacuminatd, alba; columelld intds propé basin depresso-concavd; labit externi
margine rotundato, intus denticulato ; long. +4, lat. 45 poll.

Licium Margarita, G. Humphrey, MS. ined.

Hab. in Insulis quas “ Friendly’’ yocamus, in Mari Pacifico.

Desc. Shell oval, nearly globular ; obtuse at the upper end, and slightly acuminated at the lower; perfectly white; lower
part of the columella depresso-concave within; edge of the outer lip rounded, denticulated within ; canals very short, the upper
one turned to the left.

Received from the Friendly Islands by Mr. G. Humphrey ; all the specimens in his possession, one only excepted, were pierced
and strung by the natives.

OVULUM ADRIATICUM. Fig. 23 and 24.

O. testd oblongo-ovali, subventricosd, utrinque subacuminatd, pallide carned, hyalind ; labit externt margine angusto, intus
denticulato; columelld superné wniplicatd, infra subdepressd, intis marginatd ; long. 3°, lat. +5, poll.

Hab. in mari Adriatico ; (communicavit Dr. Goodall,) et in Mari Siculo.

Desc. Shell oblong-oval, rather ventricose ; somewhat acuminated at both extremities, pale flesh-colour, hyaline; margin
of the outer lip narrow, denticulated on the inside: upper end of the collumella with one oblique plait ; lower end somewhat
flattened, with a thickened internal margin.

I found one specimen of this in G. Humphrey’s collection; another was given to me by the Rey. Dr. Goodall, who brought
seyeral from the Adriatic. It has since been found abundantly on the coast of Sicily.

OVULUM PYRIFORME. Fig. 21, 22 and 25.

O. testa pyriformi, albicante; canali inferiori subreflexo ; dorso ventricoso; columelld al basin excavato-depress4, superne dente
pliciformi valido ; labio externo interne plicato-denticulato, unfrd subdepresso ; long. 44, lat. =%;, poll.

Hab. ad littora Novee Cambrie Meridionalis. Mus. nost.

Desc. Shell pear-shaped, whitish, with a pale flesh-coloured tinge; back ventricose, transversely striated; lower canal
straightish, slightly reflected; columella with an excavated depression within, near the base, and a strong pliciform tooth at the
upper end; outer lip sloping from the edge inwards, inner edge plicato-denticulated, rather depressed at the lower part.

Of this elegantly formed and rare species a few specimens were received from New South Wales, by Mr. G. Humphrey.

OVULUM CARNEUM. Fig. 17 and 18.

O. testd ovali, carneo-rubente ; dorso gibboso, transversim tenuiter striato ; extremitatibus, presertim inferiore, acuminatius-
eulis ; labio eaterno intis denticulato ; columella superné oblique uniplicatd ; long. $2, lat. 35.
Ovula carnea, Lam. Anim. sans vert. VII. 368. Bulla carnea nonnull.
Hab. in Mari Siculo. Mus. Goodall, nostr., &c.
Desc. Shell ovate, back gibbous, transversely slightly striated ; extremities, particularly the lower, slightly acuminated ;
outer lip arched, toothed on the inside ; upper end of the columella forming a small thickish fold.

A pretty little species of a reddish flesh-colour, from the Coral Fishery on the coast of Barbary, and also from the coast of
Sicily. °

OVULUM MARGINATUM. Fig. 15 and 16.

O. testé oblongo-ovali, ventricosd, utrinque obtusiusculd, albd ; labit externi margine rotundato, rntis denticulato, prope basin
depresso, plicato-denticulato: columelld superné dente pliciformi valido, prope basin depressd, infra wniplicata :
marginibus externis labiorum aurantiaco-marginatis ; long. 4%, lat. 5, poll.

Hab. . Mus. nostr.

Desc. Shell of a rather oblong oval form, and obtuse at both extremities, white, particularly the front: the back with a
number of slightly-raised transverse lines ; border of the outer lip rounded, denticulated on the inner edge, depressed and plicato-
denticulated near the lower end ; upper part of the columella with a strong pliciform tooth ; near the base it is depressed, and
below it has a prominent fold or tooth : outer borders of the lips with an orange margin.

An interesting species, much resembling O. pyriforme in general appearance ; by aitention to its peculiarities noticed in the
description, it will be easy to recognize it. A single specimen was found in Mr. G. Humphrey’s collection, without locality.

OVULUM LACTEUM. Fig. 13 and 14.
Lam., Anim. sans vert. VII., 368.

O. testa ovatd, subgibbosd, levi, candidd ; labii externi margine interno plicato-denticulato ; columella ad bas'n compressé;
long. 4%, lat. +4, poll.

Hab. ad littora Insularum Oceani Pacifici. Mus. Goodall, Mawe, nost.

Desc. Shell ovate, slightly gibbose, smooth, white, back with a few slight transverse angular lines; edges thickened: inner
edge of the outer lip denticulated, the teeth somewhat extended outwards in the form of short plice ; inner edge of the columella
rather compressed, particularly near the base ; canals very short, that at the base produced by a pliciform tooth at the base of the
columella.

Rather a rare species, which has occasionally been brought from the Islands of the South Seas, as well as from Haynam and
Timor. It seldom reaches the size of our specimen, but its proportions are not subject to variation.

OVULUM BREVE. Fig. 26 and 27.

O. testd ovali, utrinque obtusd, brevi, alba; labii externi margine intis denticulatd ; columelld superné uniplicatd, extis mar-
ginatd, prope basin depressd, infra uniplicatd ; canalibus brevissimis ; long. 43, lat. S;, poll.
Hab, Mus. nost.

Desc. Shell nearly oval, rather short, obtuse at both ends, white ; inner margin of the outer lip toothed; columellar lip

forming a strong flexuous pliciform tooth at the upper end, thickened on the outer edge, depressed near the base, and forming a
tooth-like fold at the lowest end: both the canals very short. The outer lip of the only specimen I have seen is rather sharp, and
a few of the teeth extend from the inner to the outer edge, near the centre of the lip. I am not acquainted with its locality.

OVULUM VERRUCOSUM. Fig. 10 to 12.

O. testa ovatd, gibbosd, albd ; dorso transversim angulato ; verrucd depress ad utramque extremitatem adjectd ; long. 135, lat.
385, poll.

Ovula verrucosa, Lam., Anim. sans vert. VII., 367. Bulla verrucosa, nonnull.

Testa junior marginem labii externé interné edentulum exhibet.

Hab. in Oceano Indico.

Desc. Shell ovate, gibbose, white, pale lilac at the extremities ; the back raised into an obtuse transverse angle ; outer lip
when full grown much thickened, toothed on its inner edge ; the glaze spread over the outer part of the shell at its maturity does
not meet in the middle of the back, the intermediate space is faintly transversely striated: two singular small flattened, white,
brown-edged, wart-shaped excrescences, one placed at each extremity of the back, distinguish this species from all others.

Not an uncommon species in the Indian Ocean, the Ceylon and Isle of France boxes generally containing several specimens.
It is, however, rendered interesting, as being the only shell with the singular tubercular appendages noticed in its character and
description. To these it is indebted for its name, and on acconnt of them Montfort distinguished it from Ovudum as a genus under
the name of Calpurnus.

OVULUM ANGULOSUM. Fig. 6 to 9.

O. testd ovato-ventricosd, albd ; dorsi medio transversim obtuse angulato, linets subprominulis cincto ; itis roseo-violaced ;
long. 2, lat. 1445, poll. ;

Ovula angulosa, Lam., Anim. sans vert. VIL, 367. Bulla imperialis. Dillw.

Ovula costellata. Lam., Ann. du Mus. XVI., 110.

Hab. “ Friendly Islands.” G. Humphrey.

Desc. Shell ovate, ventricose, milk-white ; the middle of the back transversely obtusely angular, with a few raised lines;
the upper extremity is not produced into a regular canal as in O. Ovwm, but the lower canal is rather lengthened and truncated ;
outer lip much thickened, crenulated on its inner edge ; inside of a delicate rose-colour.

I possess a dwarf variety of this beautiful species, which is of a dirty brownish white on the back. It is observable that
Lamarck has very arbitrarily, and without giving any reason, changed the specific name from costellata to angulosa ; I cannot help
regretting this circumstance ; at the same time I adopt the latter name as being the more expressive.* He states that this species
is always smaller than O. Ovum, I have, however, some specimens of the latter that are fully grown, and yet smaller than the
smallest I have seen of O. angulosum. This is a very rare species, and deservedly esteemed by collectors.

* For the sake of avoiding an useless synonymy, it would have been desirable to have retained Dillwyn’s specific name of imperialis.
Lamarck has, however, in this instance, as in many others, been guilty of a great oversight, in describing as new a shell that had been
described long’ before,

OVULUM TRITICEUM. Fig. 35.
Lam., Anim. sans vert. VII., 368.

O. testd ovato-oblongd, levi, rubro-aurantiacd ; labio externo albicante, intiis minutissime denticulato ; columella superné dente
albida, valido, subtis compressd ; long. 13, lat. 3, poll.
Hab. ———-———. Mus. nost.

Desc. Shell ovato-oblong, smooth, orange-red ; outer lip whitish, rather straight edged, slender, sloping from the outer
to the inner edge, which is very minutely denticulated ; there is a tubercular fold or strong whitish tooth at the upper end of the
columella, the base of which is depressed and straightened : aperture narrow at the upper extremity, wider and somewhat angular
at the lower. In general form this species is more lengthened than O. carneum, and it is less gibbous ; it has, however, a slight
angular gibbosity rather above the middle of the back. My specimens accord perfectly with Lamarck’s description ; he states that
it is found on the coast of Africa ; my specimens, according to the late G. Humphrey, are from Japan.

OVULUM FRUMENTUM. Fig. 37.

O. testa oblonga, dorso transversim gibboso ; rubescente, transversim albido-unifasciatd; labio externo margine planulato, intis
denticulato ; labio columellari superné calloso, infra depresso; extremitatibus subacuminatis, obtusiusculis ; long. ~;,
lat. 35, poll.

Hab. . Mus. nost.
Desc. Shell oblong, back transversely gibbous; colour approaching to crimson, with a whitish transverse band; edge of
the outer lip flattened, inner edge denticulated : columellar lip with an oblique callosity at the upper end, depressed at the lower

part; extremities rather acuminated and obtuse.
One of the smallest species I know; I have only seen two or three specimens, and am unacquainted with its locality.

OVULUM STRIATULUM. Fig. 38.

O. testd oblongd, dorso transversim striato et gibboso, albicante; labio externo planulato, ints denticulato ; labio columellart

superné calloso, infra depresso ; extremitatibus subacuminatis, obtusiusculus, long. 35, lat. 3;, poll.

Hab. ad littora Oceani Indici. Mus. nost,

Desc. Shell oblong, back transversely striated and gibbous, whitish; outer lip flattened on the edge, denticulated on the
inside ; columellar lip callous at the upper end, depressed at the lower ; extremities rather acuminated, but obtuse.

A yery small East Indian species, much resembling O. Frumentum in general shape and characters, and differing from it only
in colour and in being transversely striated. From the East Indies, according to Mr. G. Humphrey.

OVULUM EMARGINATUM. Fig. 54 and 55.

O testa oblongd, subventricosd, medio transversim carinatd, carind obtusd ; apertura sublineari, supra emargtnatd, emargina-
tione valida ; labio externo interne leviter denticulato.
Hab.
Desc. In general form this species closely resembles O. gibbosum, but it may easily be distinguished by its superior canal
forming a distinct notch, visible from the back: the thickened outer lip is white, but the remainder of the shell is of a pale rose-
colour. The only specimen of this rare species I have seen is in Mr. Bland’s collection ; its locality is unknown.

OVULUM GIBBOSUM. Fig. 28 to 31.

O. testd oblongd, utrinque obtusd, albidd seu aurantiaco-fulvd ; angulo elevato obtuso supra medium cingulato ; long. 135, lat.
13, poll.

Ovula gibbosa, Lam., Anim. sans vert. VIL, 369. Bulla gibbosa, nonnull. Ultimus. Montf.

Testa junior labii externi margine acuto, dorso obsoleté angulato.

Var. 1™, canali superiore angustiore ; long. 1,3,, lat. 5%, poll.

Var. 24, testa breviore, latiore ; long. 1,15, lat. 43, poll.

Hab. ad littora Brasilize, insularumque Indie Occidentalis.

Desc. Shell of an oblong form, obtuse at both extremities, upper extremity of the aperture rather narrower than the
lower ; canal at both ends nearly straight ; lips a good deal thickened, inner edge of the outer lip a little irregular, not toothed :
the glaze deposited by the two coats of the mantle not meeting in the centre of the back, the intermediate space longitudinally
striated, generally of a lighter colour than the edges, which are mostly of a dull orange-yellow, darker on the dorsal than on the
ventral side. In its young state this species scarcely shows any of the angular dorsal gibbosity which so eminently characterizes it
when full grown. There are two varieties, one of which is shorter and broader, the other narrower at the upper extremity, and
rather paler in colour and slenderer in form than the principal variety.

A common species from the coast of Brazil and the West India Islands.

OVULUM OBTUSUM. Fig. 34.

O. testd ovatd, utrinqué subacuminatd, obtusd, levi, albicante ; aperturd propé basin subeffusd ; labium marginibus levibus ;
long. +45, lat. 55 poll.
Hab. . Mus. nost.
Desc. Shell ovate, slightly acuminated towards both extremities, but obtuse ; smooth all over, whitish ; upper end of the
aperture narrow, linear ; lower end wider and rather effuse; edges of both lips quite smooth ; middle of the outer lip thicker than
the two extremities.

Several specimens of this very small species were among Mr. G Humphrey’s stores, but without any information concerning
its locality. It is certainly nearly related to O. Spelia, but I think sufficiently distinct to be easily recognised.

OVULUM SEMINULUM. Fig. 40.

O. testé oblongd, medio ventricosiusculd, carneo-rubescente ; extremitatibus obtusis ; labii externi margine rotundato, edentulo :
labio columellari depresso: long. 35, lat. 25, poll.
Hab. in Insulis Maris Pacifici. G. Humphrey.
Desc. Shell oblong, slightly ventricose in the middle, flesh-red; extremities obtuse; margin of the outer lip rounded,
without teeth; columellar lip depressed, its inner edge sharp-angled,
One of the smallest species I have seen: a single specimen was preserved in Mr. G. Humphrey’s collection labelled «* Semi-

Cowry, Friendly Islands.”’

OVULUM FORMICARIUM. Fig. 39.

O. testd oblongd, dorso supra medium transversim subcarinato, albo ; labio externo edentulo, maryine subdepresso ; long. 35
lat. ='5, poll.
Hab. in Oceano Indico. G. Humphrey. Mus. nost.
Desc. Shell white, oblong; back slightly carinated rather above the middle, outer lip without teeth, its margin rather
flattened.
The smallest species [have seen. From its resemblance to an ant’s egg I have named it O. formicarium.

OVULUM SECALE. Fig. 36.

O. testd oblongd, angustd, albicante, superned obtuse mucronatd; columella superné uniplicatd, subtus depresso-suleata ;
labie externi margine rectiusculo, prope basin subangulato; long. ~y, lat. 35, poll.
Desc. Shell oblong, narrow, whitish; upper end of the lip obtusely mucronated; columella with a single fold at the
upper end; lower part, commencing near the middle, depressed, with a slight groove; margin of the outer lip thickened, nearly
straight, somewhat angular near the lower part.

The only specimens of this species I have seen were in Mr. G. Humphrey’s collection, I am unacquainted with their locality.

OVULUM SPELTA. Fig. 43.

O. testd oblonga, medio subventricosd, utrinque acuminatd ; aperturd superné lineari, subtus subeffusd ; labio externo subtis
rotundato-angulato ; columella superné oblique uniplicatd; long. Jy, lat. 5, poll.

Ovula Spelta, Lam., Anim, sans vert. VIL,370. Bulla Spelta, nonnull.

Hab. ad littora Insularum Oceani Pacifici. G. Humphrey. Mus, nost., &e.

Desc. Shell oblong, slightly ventricose, pointed at both extremities, ratner more at the upper than at the lower; aperture
linear and narrow at the upper, and rather effuse at the lower extremity; lower end of the outer lip rather angular, angle rounded,
columella with an oblique plait at the upper end.

There is no doubt of the shell here given being the Ovula Spelta of Lamarck, and I believe also the Bulla Spelta, Linn.

It is related to O. birostve, and comes between that species and my O. obtusum. Lamarck states it to be a Mediterranean species ;
my specimens are from the South Seas and Friendly Islands, according to two tickets in the hand writing of Mr. G. Humphrey.

Martini’s (tom, I. f. 215.) and Gualtieri’s (t. 15, f. 4.) figures are not sufficiently good to be referred to as certainly belonging
to this species.

OVULUM INTERMEDIUM. Fig. 32 and 33.

O testd ovato-oblongd, utrinqué subacuminatd ; dorso supra medium transversim subangulato ; labio columellari prope extremi-
tatem superiorem obliqué uniplicato : labit externt margine interno edentulo : long. 15, lat. 44, poll.

Hab. ———-———.. Mus. Mawe, nost.

Desc. Shell ovate-oblong, somewhat acuminated at both ends, rather more so at the upper than the lower; back with a
transverse raised rounded angle rather above the middle ; aperture narrow at the upper end, broader at the lower; columellar lip
with a single oblique plait close to the upper end: outer lip thickened, its inner edge smooth, without teeth : colour pale fulyous.

I have named this zntermedium from the circumstance of the principal characters of two other species, namely the O. gibbosum
and O. birostre being combined in it. J have seen only two specimens of this, one of which is in Mrs. Mawe’s, the other in my
own Collection.

OVULUM BIROSTRE. Fig. 41, 42, 44 and 45.

O. testd oblongd, ad utramque extremitatem rostratd, medio subventricosd, levissimd, albicante ; aperturd superné angusta,
lineari, infra subeffusd ; labio externo subtis rotundato-angulato ; columella superné obliqué uniplicatd ; long. 1:,
lat. 5, poll.

Ovula birostris, Lam., Anim. sans vert. VII. 370. Bulla birostris, nonnull.

Hab. ad littora Insularum Oceani Pacifici. Mus. nost., &c.

Desc. Shell oblong, slightly ventricose in the middle, long-pointed at both extremities, very smooth, lhght coloured;
upper end of the aperture narrow, linear; lower end rather effuse; lower part of the outer lip somewhat angular, angle rounded ;
a single oblique fold at the upper end of the columella: outer lip more thickened in the middle than at the extremities.

Rather larger than Ovulum Spelta, from which it differs principally in having both extremities produced in a lengthened
point ; how far this character may be regarded as constituting a sufficient specific distinction, it is difficult to decide, particularly
as there are specimens of intermediate character. I have thought it desirable to consider the short beaked specimens as a variety
of the present. Collections in general contain* so few specimens of this interesting genus, that Iam obliged almost exclusively to
form all my conclusions from the study of my own.

* Very few collections contain more than seven or eight species, and Lamarck describes only twelve, whereas I possess about twenty-three,
and have here described twenty-seven.

OVULUM LONGIROSTRATUM. Fig. 46 to 48.

O. testd oblonga, tenut, albicante, utrinque longirostratd ; dorso sub-gibboso ; aperturd angustd, propé basin paululum expansd ;
labvi externt margine exteriore subincrassato ; long. 2755, lat. +s, poll.
Hab. in Mari Adriatico. Mus. Goodall.
Desc. She!l oblong, slender, whitish, with a slight flesh-coloured tint; the back is rather tumid, and both the terminal
canals are very much elongated and sharply acuminated, like the long beak of some small birds ; aperture narrow, slightly widened
near the base; outer lip with its outer margin rather thickened; inner margin smooth.

A most interesting, delicate and slender species, of which I have only seen one specimen, brought from the Adriatic by the
Rey. Dr. Goodall.

OVULUM VOLVA. Fig. 56 and 57.

O. test ovali, utrinqué longirostratd, dorso transversé striato; labio externo incrassato, margine rotundato, intis crenulato:
canalibus subflexuosis, elongatis ; long. 4, lat. 1, poll.

Ovula Volva, Lam., Anim. sans vert. VII., 370. Bulla Volva, Linn. et nonnull.

Hab. in Oceano Sinensi, Javanico, &c.

Desc. Body of the shell oval; back transversely striated ; outer lip considerably thickened, not so perfectly involute as in
some other species, its edge rounded, slightly and irregularly crenated within ; both the canals much prolonged, and somewhat
flexuous, the upper longer than the lower. The outside of the body of this shell, when in good condition, is covered with transverse
impressed strie, these diverge as they approach the lip and become oblique towards the canals on which they gradually increase so
much in breadth as rather to form the spaces between oblique raised lines than to deserve the appellation of impressed strie.

Not only singular but elegant in form ; when in fine condition it is of a delicate flesh-colour, darker within, and the outside

10

of the outer lip of a beautiful pink hue: its long canals are spirally rolled, and obliquely striated on the back; the reflected lips
do not spread far over the back of the shell. Lamarck mentions the Coast of Brazil and the West Indies, but I am rather
inclined to believe that China, Sumatra, Java and the Islands ofthe Indian Archipelago may with more propriety claim this interesting
and generally valued shell as a native of their coasts. It is the Weaver’s Shuttle of English Collectors, La Wavette of the French.

OVULUM ACICULARE. Fig. 49 to 52.
Lam., Anim. sans vert. VII. 369.

O. testd oblongd, angustd, cinereo-violascescente; labio externo columellique rectis; canali superiore extis carinam obtusam
efformante; labio externo vix incrassato, propé basin subangulato ; columelld infra medium subsulcatd ; long. 75, lat.
35, poll.

Hab. ad littora Insularum Indie occidentalis. Mus. Goodall, nost., &c.

Var. 1 testa albicante, vel flavicante, linea columellari violacea.

Var. 2 testa violacea, ventricosiuscula.

Var. 3 testa flavicante, ventricosiuscula.

Desc. Shell oblong, narrow, dull violaceous ; columella and outer lip straight; upper canal forming an obtuse keel on the
outside; outer lip scarcely thickened, slightly angular near the base; columella-with a slight longitudinal groove near and rather
below the middle. :

We haye several varieties cf this species, both in colour and form: the first is white, with a violet line along the middle of the
columella; another is of a sulphur colour with a similar violet line ; a third is rather more ventricose, and of a violet colour, and the
fourth of a greenish yellow, and of the same form. Itis a native of the West Indies.

OVULUM PATULUM. Fig. 58.

O. testd tenui, ovato-oblongd, medio subventricosd, superné coarctatd; aperturd latiusculd ; labii externi margine arcuato, acuto;
columella superné uniplicatd; prope basin longitudinaliter sulcato-impressd; long. \, lat. 55 poll.

Syn. Bulla patula. uctorum Britannicorum. Simmia patula, Leach.

Hab. in Mari Britannico. Mus. nonnull.

Desc. Shell thin, ovate-oblong, ventricose in the middle and contracted at the upper extremity; aperture rather wide,
margin of the outer lip arched, acute; columella forming a single fold at the upper end, flexuous and longitudinally grooved near
the lower extremity.

A species which has been long well known as an inhabitant of the British coast; we have never heard of its occuring on any
other. Leach in his MSS. has elevated it to the rank of a genus under the appellation of Simnza, and in my work on the Genera
of Shells I have expressed some doubt as to the propriety of placing it with the Ovula, from which it seems naturally separated by
the sharp edge of its outer lip: there is, however, another species which serves to connect it closely with the Ova, namely,
Lamarck’s O. acicularis, it therefore appears desirable to give it a place among them. Without venturing to express an opinion
respecting its proper place in a Natural System, I may still direct the attention of the reader to the similarity existing between this
shell and the Bulle Naucum and cylindrica. It seems to a certain degree naturally to connect the genera.

OVULUM HORDEACEUM. Fig. 53.

O. testd oblongd, subcylindricd, utrinque subacuminatd, castaneo-rubra ; dorso posticé subangulato, labio externo crenulato.

Ovula hordacea, Lam. Anim. sans vert. VII. p. 369.

Hab. in littoribus Africanis? In Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris.

Desc. Shell oblong, nearly cylindrical, rather acuminated at both extremities, of a chesnut colour, upper part of the
back rather angular.

Drawn and described from the only specimen I have been able to see, in the Museum at the Jardin des Plantes, at Paris.
It is in bad condition, and does not agree in all respects with Lamarck’s description.

ra
APCs

cee

ty

ANCILLARIA.

Ancrtia, Lam., Syst. 1801. Sowerby, Genera of Shells, No. Il.
Exsurna, Lam., Hist. Nat. des Anim. sans vert. VIL. p. 280.
ANCILLARIA, ejusd. p. 412. Swainson in Journal of Science, &c. XVIII. p. 272.

Testa polita, oblongo-ovata vel oblonga, plerumque subcylindrica ; spird plerumque brevi, non-
numgquam elongatd, ad suturas oblitd. Apertura longitudinalis, basi effusd, nonnunquam
emarginatd; varice calloso, plerwmque striato, ad basin columelle.

SHELL smooth, shining, oblong-ovate or oblong, generally subcylindrical; spire generally
short, sometimes of equal length with the aperture; the sutures covered over with a coat of
enamel; aperture longitudinal, base effuse, sometimes more or less emarginated; a more or
less thickened or callous varix, which is generally striated, sometimes quite smooth, at the base
of the columella.

We do not hesitate to adopt as an improvement the union effected by Swainson* of La-
marck’s Eburna glabrata and its congeners to Ancilla, or Ancillaria; and we adopt also the
latter name in order to avoid unnecessary controversy. The number of recent species described by
Lamarck is only four under the name Ancillaria and one under that of Eburna; to these Swainson
added ten others, one of which, as he suspected, proves to be only a variety; we now present
descriptions and figures of twenty species, so that we have added six species to the number
already described:t he varieties, of which we have given graphic illustrations, amount to eleven.+
The plan of the following Clavis analytica is adopted from Hooker’s Muscologia Britannica; it
facilitates a reference to any species which may occur and of which it may be desirable to
ascertain the appellation. In order to ascertain the name of a species by this little table, it is
necessary in the first place to refer to the first pair of characters presented in it, if the shell be
imperforate, it will be referred to the second pair of characters; if it have no tooth on the lower
edge of the outer lip it will be referred to No. 3; next, if the spire be very short, to No. 4; then if
the upper edge of the volutions be angular, it is A. Mauritiana; on the other hand if the upper
edge of the volutions be rounded, it is A. aperta. By this process any species that is here
described will be ascertained with facility. It will, however, be needful to examine afterwards
the particular description of the species to ascertain if it agree in all its characters, and save
much trouble in referring to the full descriptions of a number of species.

* However readily we adopt this improvement, we cannot at all coincide with Swainson either in his arguments or conclusions with
respect to the other species which have been united to the E. glabrata under the generic name Eburna. This is, however, a subject upon
which we cannot here enter, though we shall be obliged to revert to it hereafter in another place.

+ The plan which we have adopted for this extensive publication, viz, a series of monographs, will enable us without inconvenience to
add at any future time an appendix to each monograph; we therefore earnestly request the possessors of species not here represented to
communicate them to us, in order that when there shall be a sufficient number we may publish them in an appendix.

SPECIERUM ANCILLARLZ GENERIS
CLAVIS ANALYTICA.

: imperforate, seu non umbilicate 2
umbilicate 18

2 :
labio externo prope basin unidentato 5

spira brevissima 4

jw

spira longitudinem aperture eequante, vel breviore 11

anfractuum margine superiore angulato A A 5 3 0 F 6

>

; labio externo prope basin edentulo 3

anfractuum margine superiore rotundato 5 4 5 2 4 : j 3

spira brevi 6
2 ae longitudinem aperture equante vel breviore 14
5 ee elongatiuscula 7
testa oblonga vel ovata 8
colore candido, vel pallidé cinnamomeo ° ; : 6 6 :
4 ; colore aurantiaco-fulyo, dente valido : : 0 ; 4 : : 0
varice obliqué striato 9
: } varice leviusculo 10
varice rufo, vel albicante, anfractibus superné albifasciatis A : 4 : :
: ee albicante, superiore anfracitis ultimi sulco basali albido . : 0 :
; spira acuminata 4 : : : : aq 4 : . : a
105.
spira obtusa. 0 ° : ; . ¢ 6 0 :
spira brevi, aperture longitudinem non equante : : : 2 . :
AD ee longitudinem aperture equante 12
balteo solitario 9 : : : : - : : . 5 c :
2 oe duobus 13
varice glaberrimo ; : : : : : : : 5 : .
ye ye striato 5 : : : ; 5 : : 5
in ; spire arin ulat : . ¢ 4 “ a : 0
spira levi 15
varice obliquo, striato : ¢ : : : é : 9 c ¢
15 : :
— rectiusculo 16
apice spire mucronata 3 5 5 6 Q 5 4 3 5 .
AS ee acuminata
balteo superiore angusto—. 0 > . - é : . :
oo ; balteo superiore latissimo , ; : : : : ? F i :
umbilico angustissimo F : : ‘ 9 : : 6 . . .
8 ae distincto 19
balteo superiore angustiore 3 ‘ ; : Z
i ; balteo superiore latissimo 5 : ‘ 5 : , : é 2

.

1 Mauritiana.
2 aperta.

3 candida.
4 effusa.

5 cinnamomea.
6 albisulcata.
7 castanea.

8 obtusa.

9 ventricosa.
10 exzgua.
11 cingulata.
12 oblonga.
13 marginata.
14 australis.
15 mucronata.
16 rubiginosa.
17 Tankervillii.

18 balteata.

19 nivea.

20 glabrata.

3

ANCILLARIA MAURITIANA. Fig. 1 and 2.

A. testd ovato-oblongd, ventricosd, castaneo-fulvd, marginibus validioribus ; spird brevissimd, superioribus anfractuum margini-
bus obtusé angulatis; ultimo anfractu balteo solitario et sulco lato supra varicem adjecto ; baltet margine superiore
levato; varice albo, glaberrimo, aperturd amplissimd, superne obtusiusculd, subtus effusd; labio externo superné

emarginato, edentulo ; long. 135;. lat. 14, poll.

Hab. in Insula Sti: Mauritii.

Desc. Shell ovately-oblong, ventricose, bright chesnut colour with darker margins; spire very short with the upper edges
of the volutions obtusely angulated; last volution with a single belt, and a wide, but not deep groove above the columellar varix:
belt with a raised upper edge; varix white, very smooth; aperture very large, rather obtuse at the upper, wide spreading, and
effuse at the lower extremity; outer lip notched at the top, without any tooth on the lower edge.

A few spec'mens of this new and very beautiful species have been brought to Europe lately from the Mauritius. Captain
Marryatt, R.N., has obligingly communicated the species to us: a perfectly white variety has also occurred.

ANCILLARIA APERTA. Fig. 3 and 4.

1. testd oblongd, cylindraceo-ventricosd, aurantiacd; spird brevissimd, obtusd ; suturd rotundato-impressd ; ultimo anfractu
cingulo basali wnico, et sulco supra varicem instructo; varice albo, oblique striato; aperturd amplissimd, pallida,
superné obtusd ; labio ad basim edentulo, levi ; long. 125, lat. 3, poll. >

Ancillaria aperta, Sowerby in Tankerville Catalogue, 2288. Appendix, p. 32.

Hab. in Tasulis Oceani Pacifici; Mus. Brit, nost.

Desc. Shell oblong, cylindrical, ventricose, of a dark orange-brown; with a very short, obtuse spire; suture indistinct,
indicated by a rounded depression ; last volution with a single basal belt, anda groove above the columellar varix, which is white
and striated obliquely ; aperture very large, of a paler colour, obtuse at the upper part; outer lip quite smooth and even, without
any projecting tooth at or near the base.

A beautiful species and apparently very distinct from all those described by Swainson in the 36th number of the Journal of
Science, Literature and Arts. It differs from 1. effusa, the only one with which, on account of its large aperture, it could be
confounded, in the following particulars ; it is a much less slender shell, it is not banded with white, it has only a slight groove
above the varix of the columella; it has only a single belt above the said groove, nor has it any tooth at the base of the outer lip.

ANCILLARIA CANDIDA. Fig. 5 to 7.

Al. testé. oblonga, elongata, candida; spird brevi, acuminata; suturd oblitd ; anfractu ultimo cingulis duobus basalibus, et
sulco supra varicem instructo; varice obliqué striato; apertura effusd, superne acuminaté ; labio externo ad basim
obsoletissimé unidentato ; long. 1,3,, lat. 35, poll.

Ancillaria candida, Lam., Anim. sans vert. Vl. p. 414. Swain. in Journ. of Science, Lit. and Arts, XVIIL. p. 275.

Hab. in Insularum Indie orientalis littoribus, satis frequens; Mus. plur.

Var. 12 testa candida, labio externo ad basim obsoleté unidentato, f.5,6. Mus. nost.

Var. 244 testa pallidé cinnamomea, dente basali valido. f. 7. Mus. nost.

Desc. Shell oblong, elongated, slightly ventricose, yellowish white, sometimes with a bright rusty spot near the acumi-
nated point of the short spire; suture entirely hidden by the polished enamel, last volution haying two impressed lines forming the
two oblique belts, the upper of these lines is the more strongly marked, and at its inferior termination on the edge of the shell
may generally be observed the indication of a small projecting tooth; a rather deep groove is placed immediately above the
obliquely striated columellar varix ; aperture effuse, acuminated at the superior extremity.

This pretty little shell is commonly received with the Ceylon and Mauritius Boxes; I had it also from Haynam; two varieties
have come under my observation, the first is white with a very obsolete tooth near the lower edge of the outer lip; aud the other is
of a delicate pale cinnamon colour, and has a distinct tooth; it was communicated by Captain Marryatt, R. N.

ANCILLARIA EFFUSA. Fig. 8 and 9.

A. testa oblongd, semicylindricd, fulud ; spird subacuminatd, albicante; anfractu ultimo cingulis duobus et sulco supra varicem
profundo instructo ; varice albicante, concinné striato, aperturd fulvd, superné acuminata, infra effusd ; labio externo
prope basim unidentato ; long. 145, lat. 12, poll.

Ancillaria effusa, Swainson in Journal of Science, Lit. and Arts, XVIII, p. 275.

Icon. Chemn. X, t. 147, f. 1381.

Hab. in Mari Sinensi, secund. Budgen in Mus. Tank., Mus. Swainson, Borough, nost.

Desc. Shell oblong, semicylindrical, of a bright orange-brown colour, with a rather acuminated short spire, suture com-
pletely hidden by a whitish enamel; last volution with two belts anda deep groove above the columellar varix, which is whitish
and closely striated ; the varix is rather shorter than in A. candida and the aperture rather smaller, of a fulvous colour, acuminated
at the superior extremity, wide and effuse below; a single prominent tooth is observable at the extremity of the upper belt near
the lower edge of the outer lip.

{In general form this beautiful and exceedingly rare species very nearly resembles Ancillaria candida. The figure in Chemnitz
which I have cited is referred to by Lamarck for his A. cinnamomea, from which, however, it differs materially; and it accords
perfectly with Swainson’s A. effusa, except, indeed, that it does not show any tooth near the base of the outer lip ; this is, however,
accounted for in Chemnitz’s description, where, he states that the upper groove terminates in a tooth on the edge of the outer lip
near the base; but that it is worn off in most of the specimens.

ANCILLARIA CINNAMOMEA. Fig. 10 to 13.

A. testd oblonga, ventricoso-cylindraced, castaneo-fulvd, anfractibus superné albido-fasciatis ; anfractu ultimo balteis duobus
basalibus, varice columellari rufo, oblique striato; aperturd superné acuminatd, subtus effusd; labio externo propé
basim unidentato ; long. 1, lat. +>, poll.

Ancillaria cinnamomea, Lam., Anim. sans vert. VIL p. 413.

Var. 1™ testa pallidé aurantiaco-fulva, varice albido; A. abifasciata, Swainson in Journal of Science, ge. XVIIL. p. 276:

Var. 2* testa ommnino albicante.

Desc. Shell oblong, rather ventricosely cylindrical, of a yellowish-chesnut colour, with a white band at the top of each
volution; last volution with two basal belts ; columellar varix rufous, thick, oblique and striated; aperture acuminated at the upper
part, very slightly emarginated and effuse below; outer lip with a single short tooth near the base.

That the beautiful little shell here described and figured is the A. cmnamomea of Lam. I feel quite authorized to assert;
although Swainson has described another species under that name. My shell accords perfectly, in every respect, with Lamarck’s
description. Of the two figures which he has cited, that in Encycl. Meth. t. 393. f. 8. a. b. is so bad that it cannot be referred
with certainty to any known species; and Chemn. X. t. 147, f. 1381 has a white varix, in which respect it differs from Lamarck’s
description ; it is Swainson’s A. effusa. A variety of the shell here described, and in which the varix is whitish, must be Swainson’s
A, albifasciata. In my shell there is a little tooth near the base of the outer lip, which is not mentioned in Lamarck; 1 must
here, however, observe that neither does he mention this little tooth in any of his descriptions except in that of 4. Olivula,
although it may be seen in four others,

ANCILLARIA ALBISULCATA. Fig. 14 to 19.

A, testd ovato-oblongd, subventricosd, castaned ; spird brevissimd, plerumque mucronatd, nonnunquam obtusissimd, ad basim
obscuré albido-fasciatd ; anfractu ultimo ad basim balteis duobus instructo, marginé superioris albo: sulco supra
varicem wnconspicuo ; varice albo, obliquo, striato ; aperturd superné acuminatd, subtus effusd ; margine labti externi
superné plerumque crassiusculo, infra acuto, unidentato ; long. 1425, lat. +3, poll.

Syn. Ancilla marginata ? Sowerby in Genera of Shells, fig. 1.

Ancillaria cinnamomea Swains. in Journ. of Sc., Lit. and Arts, XVII, 277.

Hab. in Oceano Indico : mus. Swainson, Goodall, Broderip, nost.

Desc. I have given above the dimensions of the largest specimen I have met with; the proportions sometimes vary a
little because the mucronate tip of the spire is occasionally gone. Shell ovately-oblong, rather ventricose, and generally of a light

chesnut, but varying from that colour, through brownish-yellow to nearly white; spire very short, frequently mucronate at the
apex, but sometimes quite obtuse, with a lighter coloured band at the lower edge; which is, however, sometimes very indistinct;
last whorl having two belts at the lower part; the upper margin of the superior belt is very constantly nearly white; there is an
indistinct groove above the varix; the varix is about half the length of the aperture, white, oblique, and striated ; superior
extremity of the aperture acuminated, lower end effuse; upper margin of the outer lip generally rather thickened, lower edge
sharp, with a single mucronate tooth.

This is the .4. cinnamomea of Swainson, but certainly not of Lamarck, for it neither accords with his description, nor with
the figures he cites; it is the same as I had supposed to be .4. marginata of Lamarck, and I readily acknowledge my mistake, at
the same time I must assert that it is not the same as Chemnitz X. t. 147, f. 1381, which Iam well assured belongs to Swain-
son’s A. effusa.

ANCILLARIA CASTANEA. Fig. 20 to 23.

A. testé oblongo-ovatd ventricosd, castaned ; spird subacuminatd, apice albo ; anfractu ultimo balteis duobus basalibus, et sulco
supra varicem instructo, varice columellari albido sulco sinistrali et striis-obliquis nonnullis ; aperturd superné subacu-
minatd, labio externo dente valido propé basim ; long. 1+, lat. 785, poll.

Syn. A. ventricosa, Swainson Journal of Science, Literature and Arts, XVIII. p. 279. Syn. excl.

cinnamomea, Journal of Science, Literature and Arts, XVI. t. 5, f. 206.

Hab. in littoribus Indiz Orientalis. Mus. Broderip, nost.

Var. 1 testa omnino colore floris lactei superstrata. Mus. nost.

Desc. Shell oblongo-ovate, ventricose, dark-chesnut coloured; spire rather acuminated with a white tip; last volutions
with two basal belts and a groove above the varix ; columellar varix whitish, with a groove on the left side and several strie ;
aperture rather acuminated at the upper end, outer lip with a prominent mucronate tooth on the outer edge near the base : a variety
occurs that is spread over with a beautiful cream-coloured enamel.

This species has been mistaken by Swainson for A. ventricosa of Lam., but may be known from it by its having a prominent
tooth near the lower edge of the outer lip. The phrase used by Swainson in his character of this species, ‘ outer lip crenated at
the base,’ is partly owing to the edge of the lip in the specimen he examined being a little chipped, and partly to a slight irregu-
larity in its growth.

ANCILLARIA OBTUSA. Fig. 24, 25.
Swainson in Journ. of Sc. Lit. and Arts, XVIII, 282.

A testa ovatd, apice obtusd ; spird breviusculd, crassd, obtecté; ultimo anfractu balteo rufescente albido-marginato, superné
cingulato, infra lined impressd, balteis duobus et sulco supra varicem instructo ; varice columellari albo, substriato,
sulco notabili sinistrali impresso ; long. 14%, lat. 44, poll.

Hab, in littoribus capitis bone spei. Mus. Broderip, nost.

Desc. Shell ovate, blunt at the point, with a rather short, but thick spire, covered by a thick coat of enamel, which
spreads over the superior part of the last volution, and forms on it a broad rufous belt with a white margin ; lower part of the last
volution with an impressed line, it has two belts, of which the upper one is rufous, and a groove above the columellar varix: varix
white, obsoletely striated, with a deep groove on the left side. Upper part of the aperture rather obtuse, lower extremity notched ;
inside white; columellar lip white, thickened, and spreading over the last volution near the upper end of the aperture: beyond
which, on the front part of the shell, isa broad rufous patch : the colour of the body-whorl is pale brown, and there is a broadish
white spiral band above the suture, which is covered by the rufous band.

A very rare species, of which only three or four bad specimens have been brought from the Cape of Good Hope ; the two
best of these were in the African Museum, the others inG. Humphrey’s collection : none of the specimens are sufficiently complete
to shew the tooth at the lower edge of the outer lip, it is, however, probable, from the nature of the groove above the basal varices
that when perfect a small tooth may be observed.

ANCILLARIA VENTRICOSA. Fig. 26 to 82.
Lam. Anim. sans vert. VII, 413. ;

Al. testd ovatd, ventricosd, apice acuminata ; fulvd, suturd pallidd ; basi balteo simplict cinctd ; aperturd superné acuminatd,
infra effusd ; labio externo levi, edentulo ; varice columellari breviusculo, obliquo, bistriato.

Syn. A. fulva, Swains. in Journ. of Science, Lit. and Arts, XVIII, 278.

Hab, in littoribus Insule Indie Orientalis Haynam dicta, G. Humphrey. Mus. Broderip, Swainson, Goodall, nost.

Var. 1™ testa flava, sutura albicante, mus. nost.

Var. 24 testa albescente, fasciis fulvis varia ; 4. variegata, Swains. |. cit. 278. Mus. Broderip, Swainson, Goodall, nost.

Desc. Shell ovate, ventricose, apex of the spire acuminated ; of a dark orange-brown, the suture being paler; a single
belt, whose upper edge is rather prominent, surrounds the base of the last volution ; aperture double the length of the spire,
acuminated at the superior extremity, effuse at the lower; edge of the outer lip even, without any tooth ; columellar varix rather
short, white, oblique, with two strie, of which the upper is the stronger. Inside paler than the outside.

Of this species two varieties have occurred to me, the first of a beautiful yellow colour, with a nearly white suture ; the other of
alight colour, with fulvous bands: this last is the A. variegata of Swainson, Lam, however, convinced by the examination of a
number of specimens, that it must only be regarded as a variety of this species, a circumstance at the probability of which Mr.
Swainson hints.

The species here described, which is the 4. fudva of Swainson, accords much better with Lamarck’s A. ventricosa than the
one Swainson has designated by that name: Swainson’s A. ventricosa is chesnut-brown, not orange-brown : its spire is more
acuminated, consequently not rather obtuse, its varix is much more striated than in this species, and moreover it has a strong
projecting tooth near the base of the outer lip, which is not mentioned by Lamarck in Lis description of A. ventricosa. The figure
of Martini II. t. 65, f..731, cited by Lam. for his A. ventricosa, is a representation of a young Cowry.

ANCILLARIA EXIGUA. Fig. 33 to 35.

A. testd exiqud, oblongd, spird acuminata longitudinem aperture equante ; ultimo anfractu balico basali wnico, et sulco supra
varicem iastructo, varice brevi, oblique striato; plicd solitarid columellari in superiore aperture parte positd ; labio
externo edentulo; long. +5, lat. 325, poll.

Hab, ———-_———

Desc. A very small species of an uniform light brown colour ; spire acuminated, equal in length to the aperture ; last
volution with a single basal belt, and a whitish band near the upper edge ; a short groove is also observable above the columellar
varix, which is short and obliquely striated ; the callosity of the columella forms also a single fold near the upper part of the
aperture : there is no tooth on the outer lip.

About twenty specimens of this little shell were found among Mr. G. Humphrey’s small Olives: at first sight I thought it
might prove to be only the young of A. fulva, it is, however, very distinct, and may be known by the fold on the columella near
the upper end of the aperture.

Mus. nost.

ANCILLARIA CINGULATA. Fig. 36, 37.

A testé oblongd, pallidd, tenui, suturd distinctd, anfractibus ventricosis, superioribus rufo-fuscis, infra carinulatis, omnibus
superné albo-cingulatis : anfracti ultimo balteis duobus basilaribus levibus, superiore rufo-fusco ; varice columellari
tenur, albo, angusto, glaberrimo ; long. 22, lat. 1, poll.

Hab. in Oceano Sinensi. Mus. nost.

Desc. Shell oblong, pale brown, thin, suture distinct ; volutions ventricose, upper ones reddish brown, witha very small
keel at the lower edge, and a rather broad white belt at the upper margin ; last volution with two smooth belts at the base, of
which the upper one is reddish brown: a depression separates the lower one from the columellar varix, which is narrow, thin, white,
and very smooth.

A very remarkable species; of which I have received a single specimen from China; it is a thin and delicate shell: my
specimen is imperfect, having lost the apex of the spire, and part of the edge of the outer lip: the reddish brown colour of the
upper volutions terminates rather abruptly a little beyond the commencement of the last.

Before this was sent to press, two other specimens have occurred, which shew that the apex of the spire is obtuse and
mammillary.

ANCILLARIA OBLONGA. Fig. 38, 39.

A. testa oblonga, pallide brunned, spird acuminatd, apice obtuso, anfractu ultimo fusco-marmorato, superné balteato, balteo
fusco-maculato ; infra lined impressd obsoletissimd, balteis duobus fusco-maculatis et sulco supra varicem instructo ;

varice albo, oblique striato ; aperturd superne acuminatd, infra emarginatd ; labio externo prope basim obsoletissimé
unidentato.

Hab. in Nove Hollandie littoribus. Mus. nost. Gray.

Desc. Shell oblong, brownish, with an acuminated spire, whose apex is obtuse ; last volution marbled with brown, with a
light brown spotted belt at the upper part, lower part with a very obsolete impressed line, and with two brown spotted belts, anda
groove above the columellar varix, which is white and obliquely striated ; superior extremity of the aperture acuminated, lower
extremity notched : outer lip with a scarcely distinguishable tooth near the base.

A few specimens of this very rare species, were found among a large collection received from New Holland by Mr. G.
Humphrey, from his son at Port Jackson. In general appearance it somewhat resembles A. marginata, but there are no carinations
on the spire, and the tooth at the lower part of the outer lip is scarcely perceptible.

ANCILLARIA MARGINATA. Fig. 40 to 43.

Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. VIL, 413.
Swains. Journ. of Sc. Lit. and Arts, XVIIL, 280.

A. testd ovatd, ventricosd, pallidé carned, spird acuminata ; anfractibus, infra suturas albido-balteatis, balteo rufo-maculato,
supra carinulatis, carinis nonnunquam duabus ; aperturd superné acuminatd, subtus coarctaté, emarginatd, labio
externo prope basim unidentato ; anfracti ultimo lined impressd notabili, et balte’s duobus basalibus cinctd ; sulco
supra varicem distincto ; varice columellari breviusculo, lato, oblique sulcato.

Hab. in Nove Hollandie littoribus. Mus. Goodall. Swainson, nost.

Var. 1™, testa tota alba, immaculata ; Mus. nost.

Var. 24, testa obscuré carnead, omnino immaculata, balteis inferioribus, varice columellari et apertura intus carneis ; balteo
superiore albo ; Mus. nost.

Desc. Shell ovate, ventricose, somewhat fusiform, the spire being acuminated, but obtuse at its apex ; of a pale dull flesh-
colour: immediately below the suture on each volution there is a white belt, spotted with rufous; above the suture one or two
small keels are observable on each volution : superior extremity of the aperture acuminated, inferior extremity somewhat contracted,
broadly emarginate ; outer lip smooth, even, with a single mucronate tooth near the base; last volution surrounded near the
lower part with a deeply impressed line, at the termination of which is the mucronate tooth, and at a little distance below it two
raised belts, and then a groove immediately above the columellar varix, which is short, broad, and obliquely grooved. The
lower part of the last volution is sometimes speckled with rufous.

This species appears to be subject to considerable variation; I possess one specimen that is perfectly white, and rather
shorter in proportion to its width ; another is of a dull flesh-colour, with the upper belt white, and the lower ones flesh-coloured,

and a third is proportionately elongated, and scarcely shows any traces of the little keels on the spire. Specimens of the spotted
variety are marked ‘ Port Philips” in G. Humphrey’s collection.

ANCILLARIA AUSTRALIS. Fig. 44, 45, 46.

A. testd obovatd, fuscd, spird acuminatd, albo fuscoque cingulatd ; ultimo anfractu propé basim lined impressd et baltets duobus
cinctd, balteo superiore fusco, inferiore et varicem columellari albicantibus, sulco supra varicem profundo ; varice

sulcato ; aperturd superné subacuminatd, infra emarginatd ; labio externo prope basim obsoleté unidentato ; callo per
etatem spiram obtegente.

Hab. in Nove Zealandiz littoribus : Mus. Brit. nost.

Desc. Shell obovate, brown, its spire acuminated, with white and brown bands; last volution with an impressed line,
which terminates in a small projecting tooth near the lower edge of the outer lip ; there are also two belts at the base of the last
whorl, the upper of which is brown, the lower white ; a deep groove between the belts and the columellar varix, which is white
and grooved ; aperture rather pointed at the upper extremity, notched at the lower; outer lip near the base with a small tooth ; in
full-grown specimens the spire is covered thickly with a callous enamel ; in which respect it resembles A. obtusa, Sw.

A few specimens of this pretty and interesting species were collected by Mr. S. Stutchbury on the coast of New Zealand ;
they were taken alive, when the shell was completely covered by the animal. One full-grown specimen was found among the
Olives in G. Humphrey’s collection.

ANCILLARIA MUCRONATA. Fig. 47, 48.

A, testé oblongd, pallidé brunned, spird acuminatd, oblitd, apice mucronato, anfractu ultimo superné balteo albo-marginato,
infra lined impressd dente terminatd, et balteis duobus instructo; varice columellari angusto, substriato, sulco sinistrali
tnconspicuo ; apertura superné acutiusculd, infra emarginatd, labio externo prope basim unidentato; labio interno
superné supra spiram extenso ; long. 13%, lat. 7%, poll.

Hab, ———~
Desc. Shell oblong, pale brown ; the spire acuminated, coated thickly with enamel ; apex mucronated ; last volution with

a white margined belt at the upper part ; an impressed line terminated by a small blunt tooth at the lower edge of the outer lip,

and two belts may be observed at the lower part of the last volution; a very indistinct groove marks the commencement of the

coiumellar varix, which is narrow, whitish, and very faintly striated ; upper end of the aperture rather acute, lower end notched;

outer lip a little thickened at the edge, with a single small tooth near the base ; upper part of the inner lip spreading over the
spire.

. Mus. nost.

I have met witha single specimen of this species, which appears, however, to be very distinct from the others. Its loca-
lity is unknown. 5 :

ANCILLARIA RUBIGINOSA. Fig. 49 to 52.

Swainson, Journ. of Science, Lit. and.4rts, XVIUI., 283, Zool. Illustr. 2d series.

A, testé oblongd, spird elongato-acuminatd ; anfractu ultimo superné balteo albicante ; infra lined impressd notabili, balteis
duobus, superiore duplicato, et sulco supra varicem profundo ; varice albicante, substriato, sulco sinistrali conspicuo
labio externo prope basim wnidentato ; callo spiram obtegente ; long. 233, lat. 1 +4, poll.

Testa junior spir acuminata, suturis distinctis ; Hab. in littoribus Insule St“. Mauritii. Mus. Gray.

Hab. in Mari Sinensi. Mus. Broderip, nost.

Var. 1™4, spira breviuscula, anfractibus infra carinulatis ; Mus. Brod.

Desc. Shell oblong, spire elongated and acuminated, but rather variable in the proportion it bears to the aperture. The
general colour of the shell is of a chesnut-brown, the spire being of a darker and more rusty colour ; last volution at the upper
part with a whitish belt, which is nearly covered by the rusty-coloured callosity that spreads over the spire; the last volution
has a strongly-marked impressed line near the lower part, which forms a short projecting tooth near the lower edge of the outer
lip ; there are several species which have such an impressed line, but in this it is more than usually distant from the belts
below; there are two belts below it, of which the upper one is divided nearly in the middle by a raised line; the groove above
the columellar varix is deep, and there is also a deepish groove on the left side of the varix itself, which is whitish, and otherwise
but slightly grooved ; the upper part of the aperture is rather rounded ; inside rather paler in colour than the outside ;_pillar-lip
whitish, with a rose-coloured tint. The above description is taken from the very fine specimen in the collection of Mr. Broderip.
In colour the other two specimens cannot be compared with it, although one of them is what is generally termed ‘ a live shell,”

it is of a pale brown colour. The dwarf variety has a beautiful lilaceous tint spread over the inside of the aperture, the inner
lip and part of the spire.

ANCILLARIA TANKERVILLI. Fig. 53, 54, 55.

Swainson in Journ. of Sc. Lit. and Arts. XVIII., 283. Sowerby in Tank. Cat. No. 2289.

A. testa ovato-fusiformi, pallidd, spird acuminata, lined elevaté juxta suturam notata ; anfractu ultimo superné latisseme calloso
fasciato infra lined impressd notabili cincto, balteis duobus et sulco supra varicem instructo ; varicé columellari levi,
unisulcato ; apertura superné subacuminatd, basi emarginatd ; labio externo levi, prope basim unidentato.

Hab. in Insule Margarette littoribus. Mus. Soc. Geol. nost. et nonnull.
Desc. Shell ovately fusiform, of a pale yellowish or dull flesh-colour, with an acuminated spire and an elevated line just

above the suture; upper part of the last volution surrounded by a very broad callous belt, which extends over two-thirds of the
volution, and, which is very remarkable, increases in width with the age of the shell; below that is a rather deeply impressed
line, which terminates in a mucronate projecting tooth near the lower edge of the outer lip ; there are then two belts, the upper
of which has its superior edge rather prominent, and a depression in the middle ; there is a rather deep groove immediately above
the columellar varix, which is smooth, and has also one groove; the superior extremity of the aperture is rather obtuse, the inferior
notched ; outer lip smooth-edged, with one tooth near the lower part.

Besides the specimen in the Tankerville collection, I have seen only seven others of this very rare shell, with whose locality
I am unacquainted; two of these are in the Geological Society’s collection, and four in my own; they vary a little in their
proportions as well as in their colours. This species approaches in general form and stature to the Ancillaria glabrata, it is
however easily distinguished, by its not having an umbilicus.

* A few specimens have lately been dredged up near the Island Margaretta, on the coast of Columbia.

ANCILLARIA BALTEATA. Fig. 56, 57.

Swainson in Journ. of Science, Lit. and Arts, XVIIL., 284.

A. testé ovata, subcylindraced, spird conoided ; anfractu ultimo supra laté balteato, balteo superné incrassato ; infra lined
impressd notabili, balteis duobus et sulco profundo supra varicem instructo ; sulco in umbilicum superné decurrente ;
varice columellari sulco sinistrali obsolete striato ; labio externo prope basim unidentato ; aperturd superné coarctatd,
infra emarg’natd ; labio columellari mediané concavo ; long. 13255 lat. °5, poll.

Syn. Eburna balteata, Sowerby, Genera of Shells, No. 19, f 3and 4.
Hab. in Sinu Arabico? Mus. Swains. nost.

Desc. Shell ovate, subcylindrical, with a conoidal spire, of a pale yellow or orange colour ; last whorl with a broad belt
at the upper part, the superior edge of which is thickened and angular ; lower part of the last whorl with a strongly-marked
impressed line, two belts and a deep groove above the columellar varix, which groove runs into the umbilicus above; columellar
varix with a groove on the left side, and obsoletely striated ; outer lip with a single tooth on the edge near the base ; aperture equal
to half the length of the shell, contracted at its superior extremity, notched at the base ; line formed by the columellar lip concave
in the middle. The umbilicus in this species is not nearly so deep as in A. nivea of Swainson, or as in A. glabrata.

ANCILLARIA NIVEA. Fig. 58, 59.

Swainson in Journ, of Sc. Lit. and Arts, XVIIL, 285.

A. testi oblonga, spird rotundato-acuminatd, nived, anfractu ultimo, supra late “balteato, balteo superne incrassato ; infra
lined impressd notubili, balteis duobus et sulco supra varicem profundo instructo ; sulco supra varicem et sulco varicis
sinistrali in umbilicum superné juxta decurrentibus ; varice columellari obsoleté striato; labio externo prope basim
unidentato ; aperturd superné coarctatd, infra emarginatd ; labio columellari mediané concavo ; long. 133, lat. +;
poll.

Hab. in Oceano Indico. Mus. Swainson, Goodall.
Var. 1™*. testa pallidé aurantiaca. Mus. nost.

Desc. Shell oblong, spire rotundato-acuminate ; white, or pale yellowish, or light fulvous, with the upper part of the
whorls of the spire orange ; last whorl with a very broad belt, thickened at its upper edge; lower part of the last whorl with a
deeply impressed line, two belts anda deep groove above the varix ; this groove, and another on the left side of the columellar
varix, unite at the upper end, and run together into the umbilicus ; columellar varix obsoletely striated ; outer lip with a single
tooth near the base ; aperture half the length of the shell, contracted at the upper part, notched at the lower, the line formed by
the columellar lip concave in the middle.

I have rather hesitated to adopt this species, because it so nearly resembles 4. baléeata; the umbilicus is, however, much
larger and deeper, and there are other characters by which it may be distinguished ; I have thought it better, therefore, to con-
tinue it as a distinct species, than to unite it with another from which it differs.

10

ANCILLARIA GLABRATA. Fig. 60 to 64.

Swainson in Journ. of Sc. Lit. and Arts, XVIIL, 285.

A. testd oblonga, aurantiaco-flavida, spin acuminatd ; anfractibus superné rotundato-angulatis, infra duabus lineis impressis
balteisque duobus instructo ; sulco supra varicem et sulco sinistrali varicis notabili in umbilicum superné juata decur-
rentibus ; varice columellari obsolete striato ; labio externo prope basim wnidentato ; aperturd superné obtusd, coarc-
tatd, infra emarginatd ; labio columellari mediané concavo; long. 3, lat. 14, poll.

Hab. in Oceano Indico. Mus. Goodall;-nost., &c.

Var. 1m, test tot alba, sutura distincté. Mus. nost.

Var. 24a, testa tota nivea, balteis basalibus conjunctis. Mus. nost.

Var. 3ti2, testa aurantiacad, suturis distinctis. Mus. nost.

Syn. Eburna glabrata, Lam. Anim. sans vert. VII., 280. Sowerby, Genera, No. 19. Eburna, f. 1.

Buccinum glapratum, Linn.

The Butter Whelk, Angl.

L’Ivoire, Gall. a

Hab. in Oceani Indici, littoribus. Mus. Brit. Goodall, Broderip, &c.

This is the handsomest species of the genus, and at the same time one of the commonest; itis, however, very seldom in
perfect condition ; having generally lost the lower edge of the outer lip and its tooth. It is of a brilliant orange-yellow colour,
darker at the edges and the upper part of the volutions; upper part of the volutions with angles somewhat rounded ; with two
impressed transverse lines, and two belts above the columellar varix, and another deep groove on the left side of the varix itself,
run side by side into the deep umbilicus above. Columellar varix obsoletely striated ; outer lip with a single short tooth near the
base; aperture obtuse and contracted at the upper end, half the length of the shell, notched at the base; the line formed by the
columellar lip is concave or semilunar.

I am disposed to yield my assent to the union of this species, together with A. balteata and A. nivea (which are Eburne of
Lamarck) with the Ancillarie, because I think them sufficiently nearly related, and Iam of opinion, moreover, that it is more
convenient to unite them with their congeners, forming a division of the genus for them, than to increase unnecessarily the number
of genera.

AWC ILL ATR ILA,

Ia

IG

\

4a

IE

WIRY TED OP

WILY QUID)

PANDORA.

Lamarck, Hist. Nat. des Anim. sans vert. V. p. 498.
Sowerby, Genera of Shells, No. II.

Testa transversa, inequivalvis, inequilateralis, latere postico longiore; valva altera plana,
margine postico superiore deflexo, dente unico, oblongo, obtuso, antico ; alterd depresso-
concava, edentula. Ligamentwm internum, cicatricule elongate in utraque valva
afixum. Impresstones musculares in utraque valva due, distantes, laterales.

Species nonnulle in valva pland laminam internam, submarginalem, posticam, ab umbone
usque ad impressionem muscularem posticam, decurrentem habent.

Shell for the most part transversely oblong, inequivalve, inequilateral, the posterior side
being the longer, and slightly gaping at its extremity.* One of the valves is flat, its posterior
and upper margin turned inwards, and having a single, oblong, obtuse tooth on the ante-
rior side of the hinge; the other valve is depresso-concave, without teeth; but an indistinct
cicatrix or mark, against which the tooth of the flat valve lies when the valves are closed.
Ligament internal, fixed to a rather lengthened cicatrix or scar in each valve, inclined towards
the posterior end of the shell.

Several of the species have in the flat valve an internai, submarginal lamina, diverging
from the umbo to the posterior muscular impression. It is observable, that Lamarck gives two
teeth to the flat valve of this genus, but as he has not mentioned any one of the species that
have the above-mentioned lamina, he is evidently mistaken. In all the species of this genus
the ligament may properly be said to be divided into two portions, the first, and generally the
larger attached to the cicatrices in both valves, and to the posterior part close to the umbo of
the tooth in the flat valve ; the second, and the smaller in some species, attached in the flat
valve near to the posterior side of the cicatrix, and in the concave valve to the posterior edge
close to the umbo: in the P. flexuosa this second part of the ligament is much the larger, and
is attached to the above-described elongated lamina. Muscular impressions two in each valve.
distant, lateral. The mantle is attached by an interrupted impression, without any sinus.

This remarkable genus appears to be related to the Anatine and Corbule: to Placuna and
Tellina I do not discern even the slightest proximity. A single fossil species has lately been
discovered in the Calcaire grossiér, it is described by Deshayes in his Work on the Fossil Shells
of the Environs of Paris. Two recent species only have been described by Lamarck, both of
which are found on our coasts; a third, namely, the P. flexuosa, from the Red Sea, has been
long known to us, and I now add descriptions and figures of four more from various localities.
In an Appendix to a Catalogue of Shells collected in the Australian and Polynesian groups of
Islands, by Mr. S. Stutchbury, I have described, under the name of P. brevis, a shell which
I am now convinced is rather an Anatina, inasmuch as its flat valve is destitute of the blunt

* In my work on the Genera of Shells, I have, by mistake, spoken of this as the anterior side, in the instance of this and some other
genera,

tooth which characterizes the Pandore; it differs also from them in having a sinus in the
muscular impression of the mantle, and in being possessed of a small testaceous appendage
attached to the ligament.

PANDORA GENERIS CLAVIS ANALYTICA.

1 Tale submarginali in valva dextrali conspicuad 4
lamina submarginali in valva dextrali nulla 2

esia ticé iore 3
9 Sia postice angustiore

A

t
testa posticé dilatata . : : : 3 : : : . 0 dj ; : : | obtusa,

A a ;
oblonga, margine superiore subarcuato, recurvo A és 3 3 : 3 : 5 : 2 rostrata.

ww

elongata, margine superiore rectiusculo 5 E “ : a : d ; ‘ % é 3 oblonga.

testi posticé dilatata - , ; ; 5 3 3 5 : . ‘ 3 : , 4 depressa,

test& posticé equali 9 0 9 5 i : 5 ; : 6 3 b : . : 5 glacialis.

ao

testa posticé angustiore 6

testa subventricosa 0 5 : F F i é = : : ‘ ‘ : 3 6 flexuosa.
testa depressiuscula 7

(=>)

posticé subrostrata, margine superiore postico rectiusculo : A 5 A ; : ; ; 7 Unguiculus.

4
hee posticé eequali vel angustiore 5
:

posticé rostrata, margine antico superiore alato ; fi P See. t ‘ - : 3 5 8 nasuta.

PANDORA OBTUSA. Fig. 1 to 3.
Leach, MS. ined. Lam. Anim. sans vert. V. 499.

P. testé latere postico elongato, dilatato ; murginé superiore recto, dente in valvd planulatd minimo; long, ,%5, lat. 325, alt. <5,

poll.

Hab. in Mari Britannico, juxta littora.

Desc. Shell ovate, anterior side very short, slightly angular at the upper part, and rounded beneath, narrower than the
posterior, which is much lengthened and dilated ; the upper posterior margin is nearly straight and angular at the end; upper
edge of the flat valve lapping over the concave valve.

Formerly described and figured by Pennant as a new and singular Mytilus found near Weymouth : it occurs rather rarely all

along the south-western coast of England.
PANDORA ROSTRATA. Fig.7 to 9.
Lam. Anim. sans vert. V. 498.

P. testd oblonga, latere postico elongato, obtusissime bicarinato ; dente unico in valvd planulatd parvo, retuso ; margine supe-
riore subarcuato recurvo; long. 15, lat. =, alt. 7%, poll.
Syn. Pandora margaritacea, Lam.

Tellina inequivalvis, Linn.

Hab. in Mari Britannico, juxta littora.

Desc. Shell thin, oblong, posterior side elongated, with two very obtuse keels near the upper edge, somewhat beaked,
and slightly truncated ; tooth in the flat valve small and blunt ; hinge margin slightly arched, recurved.

Common on the shores of Guernsey, Jersey, and Normandy ; occasionally dredged at Weymouth, with the P. obtusa of Leach,
from which it is distinguished by its posterior side being narrower and rather beaked.

PANDORA OBLONGA. Fig. 10.

P. testa elongatd, latere postico sulrostrato, margine superiore rectiusculo, dente in volvd planulatd ligamentoque minimis 5 long.
1,4, lat. 7%, alt. 2, poll.

109 10

Desc, Shell proportionally longer than P. rostrata, thin, the posterior side rather beaked, with two very obtuse keels, and

the hinge margin nearly straight ; the ligament and the tooth in the flat valve very small.
This species differs from P. rostrata in being thinner and more transparent, and in the ligament and tooth being simaller. One
specimen was found in Mr. G. Humphrey’s collection, labelled “ from Gamberoon.”’

PANDORA DEPRESSA. Fig. 11 and 12.

P. testé ovatd, depressd, latere postico dilatato, dentibus in valud planulutd duobus validis, in valvd alterd unico maximo,
margine superiore subarcuato, leviter recurvo ; long. 15, lat. 25, alt. 85, poll.
Hab. in littoribus Insularum Maris Pacifici.
Desc. Shell ovate, more depressed than the other species; posterior side dilated ; valves nearly equally flat, two distinct
teeth in the flatter, and one very large in the deeper ; dorsal edge somewhat arched, slightly recurved.
Very few specimens of this species, all of them much worn, were found among Mr. G. Humphrey’s stock ; they have
apparently been worn down as if they had been used as ornaments.

PANDORA GLACIALIS. Fig. 4 to 6.
Leach in Capt. Ross’s Voyage.
P, testé anticé subproducid, obtuse angulatd, umbone subcentrali; margine superiore rectiusculo, dente in valvd planulata
minimo.
Hab. in Mari boreali. In Mus. Brit.

Desc. Shell nearly oval, the upper margin nearly straight ; anterior side rather produced, obtusely angular; beak nearer
the centre than in P. obtusa; tooth in the flat valve very small.

PANDORA FLEXUOSA. Fig. 13 to 15.
Sowerby in Genera of Shells, No. 2.

P. testd oblonga, gibbosiore, subrostratd; margine inferiore flecuoso; superiore bicarinato, subarcuato, recurvo; lamind interna
submarginali, posticd, elongata, in valud planulatd: long. 75. lat. =, alt. 3; poll.
Hab. in Sinu Arabico. Mus. Goodall, nostr. &e.
Desc. Shell oblong, rather more gibbose than in general, posterior side elongated, subrostrated; lower edge flexuous, upper
bicarinated, rather arched and recurved; a rather short tooth and an elongated, internal, submarginal plate, on the posterior s
the flatter valve.

From the Red Sea.

PANDORA UNGUICULUS. Fig. 16 and 17.

P. testa oblongd, depressiusculd, posticé subrostratd; margine superiore rectiusculo, extus obtuse bicarinato; antice rotundato.
vel subtruncato: long. +°;, lat. 75, alt. 3, poll.

Desc. Shell oblong, rather depressed, posterior side narrower, rather produced, upper margin nearly straight, with two obtuse
keels running from the umbo to the end of the beak: anterior side rounded or subtruncated. Never having seen the flatter yalve
of this species, I can only state, judging from analogy, that it probably has a tooth and an elongated, submarginal lamina within
on the posterior side. Locality unknown.

PANDORA NASUDTA. Fig. 18 and 19.

P. testd elongatd, fleruosd, posticé rostratd, margine superiore posticé arcuato, recurvo; anticé subalato; dente valido, et lamina
internd submarginali, postied, elongatd, in valvd planulatd : long. 1355 lat. 25, alt. 8 poll.

Desc. Shell rather lengthened, deeper valve with a flexuous margin; posterior side of both valves beaked, their upper edge
arched, recurved, anterior upper edge withasmall projecting wing-like appendage; a distinct tooth and an internal, elongated,
submarginal plate in the posterior side of the flatter valve. Two obtuse, rather obsolete ridges pass from the umbones along the
upper posterior edge on the outside of both valves.

Apparently a very rare species, with whose locality I am entirely unacquainted; if the specific name rostrata had not been
previously occupied, I should have applied it to this as being more expressive than the one adopted.

PANDORA.