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SPECIES FILICUM;

BKTNO DESCKIPTIONf? 01^ THE KNOWN FEKN8, PAETICFLATILY OF SrCU

AS EXIST IN TnE AUTHOn'S HERBABIUM, OR ABE WITH

SUFFTCTENT ACCURACY DESCRIBED IN WORKS

TO Wllicn HE HAS ACCESS;

ACCOMPANIED WITH NUMEROUS FIGURES:

SIR WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.IL,

D.C.L. OxoN, F.R.S., F.A.S., and F.L.S.;

CORUKSPONDINO MBMBEU OF THE ACADEMY OP SCIENCES OF THE IKPEBIA r, IXSTTTUTF
OP FRANCE, AND DIBECTOR OF THE BOYAt ©ABDENS OF KBW.

VOL. V.

OONTAlNlrf»>

POLTPODIEyR— ACROSTICIIEiR.
PLATES CCLXXXI.— CCCIV.

LONDON :
DULAU & CO., 37, SOIIO SQUARE.

MDCCCLXIV.

,e6

•einted bt

john edwakd taylob, little queen stkeet,
Lincoln's inn fields.

COiNTENTS

OF THE FIFTH VOLUME

POLYPODIES {continued).

PoLYPODIUM 1

GRAMMITIDEJE.

Jamesonia 105

NoTIIOCIILiENA 107

monogramme 121

Gymnogramme 125

Brainea 161

Meniscium 162

Antropiiyum 167

Vittaria 176

T.ENITIS 185

Drymoglossum 189

IIemionitis 191

ACROSTICHES.

acrostichum 194

Platycerium 282

APPENDIX.

Matonia 285

PLATES CCLXXXI— CCCIV.

SPECIES EILICUM,

SuBORD. IX.— POLYPODIE.E. Gen. I. Polypodium,
continued from Vol. IV.

All the following species of the Genus have the veins more or less anastomosing,
and may be called DictyopteridEvE. They may be divided into tfie follotving
Sections or Subgenera, irhich by many are considered distinct genera : —

§ 3. Goniopteris, Sp. 224-249. § 9. Kiphobolus, Sp. 298-320.

§ 4. Cvrtomiphlebiiim, Sp. 250. § 10. Phymatodes (including Leca-

§ 5. Phlebodium, Sp. 251-253. liopteris, Bl), Sp. 321-389.

§ 6. Goniophlehium, Sp. 254-282. § 11. Drvnaria, Sp. 390-398.

§ 7. Craspedaria, Sp. 283-290. § 12. Dipteris, Sp. 399-401.

§ 8. Campyloneurum, Sp. 291-297. § 13. Dictyopteiis, Sp. 402-409.

§ 3. Goniopteris. — Costules or primary veins pinnate, secondary ones or vein-
lets having one (the loiver one) or more pairs angidarly connlvent, and from those
united ones producing an ercurrent veinlet which is either free or it unites with
the angles above, thus forming as it were a more or less distinct pseudocostule,
which often reaches to a sinus. Goniopteris, Pr., and others. — Tliis corresponds
with § Eunephrodium among Nephrodium. The species are mostly tropical, with
generally pinnated fronds. In some cases this group is not easily distinguished
from Meniscium. Sp. 224-249.

* Fronds simple, entire or sinuato-lobate, or only and rareli/ pinnate at the base.
Sp. 224-220.

224. P. (Goniopteris) crispatwn, Hook, {vix Linn.?) ; cau-
dex moderately stout oblique clothed with ferruginous scales,
stipites tufted filiform 1-4 inches long hispid with long
spreading fulvous hairs, fronds 5 inches to a foot long linear-
lanceolate subsucculent pendulous obtusely acuminate more
or less deeply lobato-pinnatifid with rounded or rarely ob-
tusely trigonal lobes ciliated with fulvous hairs, costa flexu-
ose, primary veins also fiexuose one to each lobe pinnatedly
twice or thrice branched, veinlets connivent or free, sori dor-
sal on the veinlets small oval sunk in cavities of the frond
about 6 to each lobe in 2 series remote from the margin. —
CtcEnopteris (Glyphoteenium) crispatum, /. Sm. in Seem. Bat.

2 I'OLYPODIUM, § GOXIOPTERIS.

of the Herald, p. 22']./. 48. Goniopteris, Moore {hut scarcely
Pol. crispatum, Linn., founded on the Aspleniuin alterum, pro-
pendens, et crispum, Flum. Fit. t. 102./. 2. B).

Hab. Isle de Cacagual, Southern Darien and Bay of Clioco, Panama, Seemann,
n. 995. — Mr. J. Smith places this in Ctxnopteris, which should have free veins,
but he deems it worthy of constituting a new genus (Ghjp/iotieninm). Its vena-
tion corresponds very nearly with that of § Pleocnemia of Nephrodium (see p. 61
of our Vol. IV.), but the habit of the plant is very different.

225. P. (Goniopteris) simplicifolium.. Hook.; caudex stout
creeping, stipites tufted at the apex of the caudex 2-4 inches
long hairy subpaleaceous below, fronds a span to a foot long
subcoriaceo-membranaceous lanceolate acuminate the margins
entire or subsinuate at the base lobate or pinnate, connivent
veinlets numerous giving a reticulated appearance, sori small
at the point of union of the veinlets at length confluent and
nieniscioid. — Nephrodium simplicifolium, J. Sm. Aspidium
(Nephrodium), Hook. Ic. Plant. ^.919 [or Cent, of Feigns, t.
19). Abacopteris simplicifolia. Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 310.

Hab. Samar, Philippine Islands, Cuming, n. 315. Fiji Islands, n. 736, Seemann.
— Misled by the views of others, I was induced, in Ic. Plant., to refer this to Ne-
phrodium, acknowledging however that I failed to discover any involucre, and
noticing the reseml)lance of its fructification to that of Meniscium. I have since
received other specimens from the Fiji Islands which quite conform to those of
Cuming. Mettenius refers Cuming's plant to Nephrodium lineaium, Pr.

226. P. (Goniopteris) canescens,'E[.', "fronds pinnated be-
low, from the middle to the apex pinnatifid pubescelit on the
upper canescenti-villous on the lower surface, pinnse sessile
ovate obtuse slightly (nearly halfway down to the rachis)
pinnatifid, segments subfalcato-ovate obtuse entire the mar-
gins reflexed, stipes glabrous above pubescent beneath." —
Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 13.S. Gymnogramme, Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 93.
t. 40. Nephrodium Blumei, /. Sm., and Aspidium Bluraei,
var. subpinnata, Metten. Aspid., according to the references to
Blume, hut surely different, for that has the venation o/ Pleo-
cnemia {see p. 62, n. 3 of orir Vol. IV.).

Hab. Java, Blume. — I am unacquainted with this species. It is represented
as having a creeping caudex, copious slender stipites a span and more long, fronds
of the same length, venation of Goniopteris, sori on the middle of the veinlets
subrotund or oblong ; the figure however shows the sori (really always involu-
crate) to be those of a Polypodium rather than of Gymnogramme.

** Fronds pinnate. Sp. 227-249.

227. P. (Goniopteris) crcnatum, Sw. ; caudex a stout ho-
rizontal rhizome, stipes 1-2 feet long stramineous glossy
often pubescent, fronds membranaceous 1-1 ^ foot long more

I'OLVI'ODIU.M, § GOMOI'TF.KIS. 3

or less pubescenti-liirsute especially on the racliis and costcc
and veins beneath pinnated, pinnec 9-11 distant terminal one
similar to the rest long-pctioled 6-8 inches long 1^-2 inches
wide lower ones suhpctiolate upper lateral ones sessile all of
them broad-oblong rather suddenly and shortly acuminated
the margin subentire or crenato-lobate, veinlets very numerous
most of the pairs connivent the produced veinlet generally
free uppermost ones free only in the short lobes, sori dorsal
on the middle of all the united veinlets thus forming 2 series
between each pair of costules or primary veins. — Siv. St/n.
Fil. ]}. 3/. Jl'ii/d. Sp. Fl. v. p. 1S9. Goniopteris, Fr., Hook.
Gen. Fil. t. 38. Phegopteris, Mdten. Fhegopt. p. 25. Polyp,
meniscioides, P. faucium, and P. imbricatum, Liebiii. Fil.
Mex. — Flum. Fil. p. 93. t. 111. — Var. ^, Gheisbegldii ; twice
the ordinary size villoso-tomentose. Pol. Gheisbeghtii, Lin-
den, Cat. p. IS, a cull ivatedf ami, as is P. crenatum, Hook. Fil.
Exot. t. 84.

Hal). Tropical America; frequent in the West India Islands and on the conti-
nent, Mexico, ifeiwan/j, Z,mf/en, «. 1499. Central America, Cuming, n. 1156.
Ecuador, Guayaquil, Spruce (no number). — Liebmann's specimens are quite gla-
brous, and form a striking contrast with the var. Gheisbeghtii.

228. P. (Goniopteris) ietragomun, Sw. ; caudex "erect,"
stipes angular subtetragonal when dry, 1-2 feet long, frond
firm-membranaceous ovate- or oblong-acuminate scarcely nar-
rowed at the base 1-3 feet long more or less pilosulous espe-
cially on the costte and veins pinnatifid at the apex or termi-
nated by a more or less petioled pinna resembling the lateral
ones ])auci- or multijugate, pinnos rather distant j)etioled 4-8
or even 10 inches long h an inch to H inch broad oljlong
lanceolate gradually acuminated upper ones more or less ob-
tuse and quite truncate at the base the inferior ones attenu-
ated there by the dwarfing of the lobes all of them more or
less deeply pinnatifid often about halfway down to the rachis,
the segments ovate obtuse or acute entire, veinlets 10-15
pairs of which 2 or 3 of the lowest ones are connivent all
bearing sori in a line between the costule and the niargin,
capsules echinate or glabrous. — Sw. Syn. Fil. jj. 77- ^^ ^d.
Sp. Fl. V. p. 203. — a, angustifolia ; pinnae narrow-lanceolate.
P. tetragonum. Schk. Fil. p. 22. t. J8. Goniopteris, Fr.
Phegopteris, Metten. Fhegopt. p. 22. Polyp, subtetragonum,
Link. P. Caripense, Sieb. — /3, latifoliuin ; pinnaj longer
broad-lanceolate. Pol. mcgalodus, Scitk. Fil. p. 24. /. 19 6;

4 POLYPODIUM, § GOMOPTERIS.

Klf. En. Fil. p. 109. Phegopteris, Metten. Phegopt. p. 24.
Polvp. affine, Loioc\ Fil. 2. t. 50, and to this Mettenius refers
as his Phegopt. obliterata, Melien. Phegopt. p. 46.

Hat). Tropical America, most abundant in the West Indies and on the main-
land from Brazil and Guiana to the Pacific, and in Central America.* — Swartz
says most justly of P. megalodus, Schk., " liujus {P. tetrag.) non nisi varietas:"
both forms are well represented by Schkuhr himself. Willdenow takes no notice
of P. megalodus, and does not refer to Schkuhr's figure of P. tetragonurn, and he
places it in his section "frondibus bipinnatifidis." His remark, " species admo-
dum varians," is correct, more so than what follows, " sed facile stipite tetragono
laevi agnoscenda." Its cliief distinguishing characters are perhaps the attenuated
base of the lower pinnae and the terminal petiolated one ; but the latter is by no
means to be depended upon, for the petiole is not always present, and the apex be-
comes gradually or suddenly pinnatifid. Some specimens, too, very much resemble
forms oi Nephr odium molle ; in which, however, independent of the presence of
involucre, there is seldom more than one pair of veinlets united.

229. P. (Goniopteris) /ra,ri;??'/b^mm, Jacq., Kaulf. ; caudex
" ascending," stipes 1-2 feet long glabrous, fronds 1-2 feet
long ovato-lanceolate glabrous subcoriaceo-membranaceous
dark-green now and then gemmiferous pinnated with a ter-
minal pinna generally longer than the rest, pinnae subpetio-
late all of them 3-6 inches long from a subcuneated base
lanceolate finely acuminated, the margins entire or subcre-
nato-sinuate, lowest pair of veinlets patent connivent at a
very acute angle w'hence the veinlet is continuous towards
the margin the rest of the veinlets also directed towards the
margin free or here and there connivent within the margin,
sori dorsal on the veins copious forming about 4 series be-
tween the costa and the margin on each side, of w^hich those
of the costal series are generally the largest. — Jacrj. Ic. Bar.
t. 6.S9. Siu. Syn. Fil. p. 38. fViUd. Sp. PL v. p. 19.5. Go-
niopteris, Pr. P. proliferum, Kaulf. En. Fil. p. 107- Phe-
gopteris, Metten. Phegopt. p. 24. Pol. \\\\Y>axum,Raddi,Fil.
Bras. p. 22. t. 32 [very good). Goniopteris, Brack. Pol.
diversifolium, Sw. Vetensk. Acad. Hand. ISl'J.p. 60.

* As this is a species often misunderstood and very common, I may here refer
to some specimens in my herbarium which have been circulated with numbers:
— Var. a. Amazon, ^rwce, n. 1107. New Granada, Z?nrfen,«. 1011, /^oWom, n. 44.
Guiana, Schomburgk, n. 135. Ecuador, Spruce, n. 5258. Peru, Mathews, n.
1845. Panama, Fendler, n. 403, Cuming, n. 1301 (very large and passing into
var. 13), Martinique, Sieher, Fl. Mixt. n. 332, " P. concinnum," Sieber, Otto, n.
119. Cuba, C. Wright, n. 817, and n. 1109, " Aspid. tetragonurn," Metten. fide
Eaton, (Neplirod.,/;. 103 of our last vol.), but it .surely is our Pol. tetrag., large spe-
cimen.— Var. p. Venezuela, Fe?idler, n. 200. New Granada, Linden, n. 20 1 and
1011. Cuba, C. Wright, n. 1010 (pinnules 10 inches long, If inch broad). Ecua-
dor, Spruce, n. 5719.

POLYPODIUM, § GONIOI'TERIS. 5

Ilab. Caracas, Jfilld. ; Brazil, about Rio, very abundant ; island of St. Sebastian,
S. lat. 24°, Mr. Fox. — A most distinct and well-marked species.

230. P. (Goniopteris) Sandwicense, Hook. ; " subarbores-
cent, caudex 1^ foot long erect," stipes 1^-2 feet long
"paleaceous at the base" fulvo-villous above and on the
rachis, fronds 2-3 feet long a foot and more wide coriaceo-
rnenibranaceous glabrous or pilosulous on the veins beneath
broad ovato-lanceolate moderately acuminated pinnated, pin-
nee numerous subdistaiit sessile or short-petioled 5-8 inches
long l-l 2 inch wide from a broad often sharply auricled base
elongato-oblong acuminated more or less falcate very coarsely
lobato-serrate the serratures acute or obtuse, terminal pinna
rather longer petioled, veinlets erecto-patent subdistant often
alternate 7-9 pairs all united (except in the teeth of the
margin), sori small subrotund or oblong generally on the
middle of the veinlet but forming 2 very irregular series. —
Stegnogramme, Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exped.p. 26. t. 4./. 2.

Hab. Sandwich Islands, near the crater of Kilauea, Brackenridye, Dr. Hille-
brand, n. 48. — The copious sori on my specimens are rarely elongated, cer-
tainly not at all a[)proaching to the quite linear fructifications of Stegnogramme
aspidioides, Bl., with which Brackenridge compares it, in which moreover the
upper pinniE of the fronds are gradually confluent into a deeply pinnatifid ape.x
(see our figure of that plant, Ic. Plant, t. 950, or Cent, of Ferns, t. 50). Its near-
est affinity is P. pennigerum, Forst.

231. P. (Goniopteris) unitum. Hook. ; caudex ?, stipes " 1-
14 foot long stramineous glabrous," fronds 2^-3 feet long
8-12 inches wide broad-oblongo-lanceolate membranaceous
dark-green often gemmiferous pinnate, terminal pinna large
lanceolate lateral ones horizonal 4-6 inches long rather dis-
tant often exactly opposite from a broad truncated sul)auri-
cled sessile base oblong gradually and finely acuminated,
the margin lobato-pinnatifid, lobes rounded entire or sub-
denticulate, veinlets about 5-6 distant pairs of which the 3
or 4 lowest are connivent and bear the small sori close to
the base where they are subconfluent and then oblong, they
form 2-3 costular series distant from the margin. — Gym-
nogramme, Kze. in Linncea, xviii. p. 115. Phegopteris,
Metten. Fliegopt. p. 22. Goniopteris patens, Fee, Gen. Fil.
p. 252. G. sylvatica, Pappe and Raivson, En. Fil. Cap.p.Si).

Hab. Natal, Guemius. — A distinct and very remarkable species.

232. P. (Goniopteris) reptans, Sw. ; caudex short small
erect often very paleaceous, stipites tufted stramineous slen-
der and as well as the rachis glabrous, fronds firm-meuibra-

6 POLYPODIUM, § GONIOPTERIS.

naceous 5 inches to a foot long 1-3 inches wide subhir-
sute linear-lanceolate or broad-lanceolate erect or flexuose
and decumbent creeping and rooting at various points and
proliferous pinnate, pinnee distant from ^ an inch to 2 inches
long from a broad subpetiolated base oblong obtuse lobato-
pinnatifid, the superior jjase auriculiform rarely the lower
one, lobes rounded entire, veins opaque flexuose lowest pair
of veinlets uniting at a great distance from the costule and
forming a large acute areole the rest generally free, sori small
scattered, a minute fimbriated scale is considered by Mette-
nius to be an indusium. — a, radicans ; frond slender creep-
ing and rooting, pinnee entire free to the apex yet often ter-
nate or deeply pinnatifid. P. reptans, Siv. Syii. Fil. p. 36.
Wilhl. Sp. PL V.JO. 186. Goniopteris, Pr. P. Sloanei, Desv.
{not Kze.). Aspid. reptans, var. 3, radicans, Metten. Aspid.
j». 99. S/oane, Jam. t. 29 and 30. — /3, asplenioides ; frond
larger erect, pinn£E large, the apex pinnatifid. P. asplenio-
ides, Siv. Sijn. Fil. p. 36. JFil/d. Sp. PI. v. p. 188. Gonio-
pteris, Pr. Woodsia pubescens, Sjjreng. in Nov. Act. Acad.
Leop. X. p. 233. /. 16./". 5-7 {very good).

Hab. West Indies, both forms especially abundant in Jamaica and Cuba.
Guatemala, Salvyn. Venezuela, Fendler,n. 201, pinnse very broad. Brazil {Met-
tenius). — Swartz and others quote the figure of Sloane's jam. t. 43, f. 2, as the
authority for the Polyp, asplenioides. 'I'liis is a stout coarse-looking Fern, a foot
and more long and 6 inches broad, which appears to me to have more affinity
with some forms of P. tetrayonum. Such imperfect figures scarcely deserve a
reference.

233. P. (Goniopteris) asterofhrix, Hook,; "caudex an ob-
lique rhizome," stipes a span long and as well as the rachis
patently villous, frond a foot long firm membranaceous more
or less villous especially on the costa and veins beneath (hairs
sometimes forked) oblongo-lanceolate pinnatifid at the apex,
pinnae distant especially the lower ones 1^-2 inches long ^-f
of an inch broad oblong obtuse sessile lobato-pinnatifid, lobes
oval rounded entire, tlie bases united by a callous line, si-
nuses acute, veinlets 4-5 pairs pellucid straight the lowest pair
connivent the next ])air meeting at the callous line, sori in 2
lines between the costule or primary vein and the margin. —
Goniopteris, Fee, Gen. p. 253. Phegopteris, Metten. Phegopt.
p. 21.

Hab. Cuba, Linden, n. 1878 {n. 1917, according to Fee.). — Resembling a large
form of P. 'reptans, but the whole plant is larger, the stipes and racliis stouter,
verv hairv, and the venation is very different. I fail to see the stellated hairs

which gave rise to the sjiecific name, but some of the hairs are forkerl. The costa;
beneath have long spreading luiirs.

234. P. (Goniopteris) costatum, Hook. ; caudex ?, stipes ?,
frond 3 feet long a foot and more wide ovato-oblong acunni-
nate coriaceous dark-brown when dry with a rufous tinge
especially on the stout rachis and costa beneath subglabrous
pinnated to the very acuminated apex, pinnce patent sessile
opposite below, the rest alternate 8-10 inches long from a
broad base an inch and more wide oblong gradually acumi-
nated deeply pinnatifid, segments very numerous oblong or
linear-oblong obtuse ol)scurely serrated at the apex, veinlets
approximate numerous 20-25 pairs deeply impressed on the
upper side very elevated beneath 2-4 of the lowest pairs
connivent, sori copious forming 2 compact lines between the
costule and the margins subconfluent. — Goniopteris costata,
Brack. Fil. U. S. Eapl. Exp. p. 2S.

Hab. Society Islands, in damp hollows, alt. 1000 feet, Bidwill, Brackenridge.
Fiji Islands, Brackenridge. — A noble and very handsome species. I have seen no
authentic specimen of it, but I cannot doubt our specimens from Mr. Bidwill being
identical with the Goniopteris costala, Brack.

235. P. (Goniopteris) Jongissimum, Hook.; " subarborescent,
fronds large pinnate, pinnoe sessile horizontal subalternate
approximate coriaceous long-linear attenuate pinnatifid, seg-
ments oblong-linear subfalcato-acute setose on the margin and
veins, sori small approximate." — Goniopteris, Brack. Fil. U.
S. Expl. Exp. p. 29. t. 5.

Hab. High mountains of Tahiti, rare, Brackenridge. — " Trunk stout, erect, 2-3
feet high, crowned with large spreading pinnate fronds 3-4Yeet broad." I am in-
debted to Mr. Brackenridge for 3 pinmc of this Fern. They are U foot long and
1^ inch broad, but destitute of sori. I fear it is too near the P. cosfatum from the
same island ; the texture, venation, and the colour (rufescent) correspond.

236. P. {Gouiopterh) penn/fferu7n,'Forst. ; caudex very stout
erect almost a span long (2-3 feet, Brack.) coarse with roots
and remains of stipites paleaceous at the crown, stipites
tufted scaly at the base 4-G inches to U foot long, fronds 1-3
feet long firm-menibranaccous broad-oblong lanceolate acu-
minate piimated pinnatifid at the apex, pinnte often opposite
patent 4-6 inches and more long h an inch to nearly an inch
wide and more, distant below sessile from a broad truncated
rarely auriculate base oblong rather obtusely acuminated
pinnatifid about halfway down to the rachis with ovate en-
tire obtuse lobes, veinlets 6-8 pairs quite straight 2 lowest
pairs eonnivent the upper of the two at the sinus, sori one

8 POLYPODIUM, § GONIOPTERIS.

on the middle of each veinlet. — Forst. Prodr. p. 82. Schk.
Fil. p. 17. t. 22. Goniopteris, J. 8771. Hook.fil. FL N. Zeal
ii. p. 40. Aspid., Siv. Syn. Fil p. 250 {not BL). Nephro-
dium, Desv.

Hab. Abundant in N. Zealand, Nortbern and Middle Island, as far south as
Akaroa. — This, in general structure and venation, may be considered to represent,
in sect. Goniopteris of Poh/podium, Nephrodimn moUe among the Eunephrodia,
but it is quite glabrous, and instead of having a wide geographical range it is, we
believe, wholly confined to N. Zealand.

237. P. (Goniopteris) pallidivenium, Hook.; caudex stout
very long creeping underground tortuous black branched and
rooting, stipes moderately stout 1-H foot long and as well
as the rachis stramineous-brown glabrous, fronds 1| foot long
coriaceo-chartaceous glabrous and subglossy oblong-ovate
acuminate pinnate, pinnae 4-5 inches long ^-| inch wide
spreading sessile from a truncated (sometimes a little con-
tracted) base oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate serrated
at the apex the rest pinnatifid ^ of the way to the rachis
with rather numerous oblong subfalcate entire or obscurely
serrated, segments \ of an inch long, veinlets numerous 15-
20 pairs paler than the frond a little prominent on both sides
(most so beneath) the two lowest pairs connivent, sori co-
pious near the middle of the veins subconfluent in 2 lines on
each side the costule.

Hab. River Bagroo, west tropical Africa, G. Mann, n. 909. — This is remark-
able for the long, underground, black, stout, creeping caudex, a span long yet
broken off at both ends, and the almost pergamentaceous fronds, and the pale-
coloured close-placed veins. The general form of the pinnae however is scarcely
different from that of Nephrod. molle, and should involucres be detected, which I
have failed to find, it must be removed to the neighbourliood of that species.

2.38. P. (Goniopteris) oppositifolmni, Hook. ; caudex ?,
stipes from a span to 2^ feet long yellowish-brown glabrous
pubescent epaleaceous, fronds from 1-5 feet long firm coria-
ceo-membranaceous blackish when dry glabrous ovate or ob-
long-ovate finely acuminated somewhat attermated at the
base (from the dwarfed pinnte) pinnate with a rather deeply
pinnatifid large and petioled pinna at the extremity, lateral
pinnae verv numerous on the larger specimens in rather dis-
tant exactly opposite spreading sessile pairs, 2 or 3 of the
shorter and uppermost pairs only subalternate 4-9 inches
long \ to nearly 1 inch wide, from a truncated broad base
sometimes auricled above and below oblong but gradually
and at the apex very finely acuminated almost cordate very

POLYPOnilJM, >^ GONIOPTEKIS. 9

coarsely and sharj)ly sublol)ato-serrate, veinlets elevated 6-8
pairs of which 4-5 are connivent, sori very small suboval on
the middle of all the veinlets in 2 scries between each pair of
costules, rachis pubescent.

rial). Peak of bland of St. Thomas, \V. trop. Afiica, alt. 5000 feet, G. Mann.—
A perfectly new and well-marked s()ecies. The |)iiniic are not only opposite on
all the specimens, but, owing to tiie broad truncated base being applied close to
the rachis, they have the appearance of being perfoliate.

239. P. (Goniopteris) Brackenridgii, Hook. ; " stipes black
angular paleaceous at the base, fronds pinnate, pinnae alter-
nate subpetiolate pinnatifid coriaceous glabrous glossy above,
segments oblong obtuse setose at the margin, rachis fur-
rowed, sori biseriul hairy placed near the margin." — Gonio-
pteris glandulifera, Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Expcd. p. 29 {nof
Polyp, glandulif., Liebm.).

The author places this between his Goniopt. costata and his G. lo7i(/i.s.nma, but
does not mention in any way its affinities. The stipes is said to be 2 feet long,
with 2 rows of glands, abortive pinnules, and the frond 4 feet. Unknown to nic.

240. P. (Goniopteris) nropliyllum^ Wall.; caudex ?, stipes
2 and more feet long sometimes very stout testaceous brown
paleaceous at the base with rather large dark-brown subulate
scales, fronds ample firm but not thick coriaceous rarely
membranaceous, glabrous or pilosulous above and more or
less densely pubescent and sometimes subscabrous or mi-
nutely glandulose beneath 2-3 and more feet long subovate
pinnated, pinnae distant petioled below 8 inches to H foot
long \-2\ inches wide from a more or less obtusely and un-
equally cuneated base cUiptical-oblong finely caudato-acumi-
nate quite entire or subsinuated more or less grossly obtusely
or rarely acutely serrated u])wards, terminal pinna most so
often larger than the rest and long-petioled, veinlets numerous
15-20 pairs all connivent save the few in the teeth or serra-
tures soriferous in the middle, the sori co»;sequently forming
2 series each between the costules and the spurious costule,
or orbicular or 2-lobed sori are borne at the point of junc-
tion of the 2 veinlets and are then uniserial. — U'ull. Cat. n.
299 {excl.n.^). Goniopteris, iV. V\\ego\)ier\s, Metten. Phe-
gopt. Pol. asperum, Pr. Reluj. Hipnk. p. 24. /. 3. f. 4. Gonio-
pteris, Pr. Meniscium cuspidatum, Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 102. t. 45.
{excellent, but sori too hug and narroio). Phegopteris,
Metten. Phegopt. p. 25. Nephrodium glandulosum,^. /8?«. ?;«
Hook. Bot.Jonr)/. iii. y;. 411 [according to the reference to Cu-

VOL. V. c

10 POLYPODIUM, § GONIOPTERIS.

ming, n, 16, not of Blume) . Aspidium repanduni, Bl. Fil. Jav.
p. 144 in Herb, nostr. {not IViUd.) — ^, uniseriale ; sori uni-
serial. P. granulosum, Benth. Ft. Hongkong, p. 499 {accord-
ing to the specific character and the locality of Col. Urguhart),
not of Presl. Nephrod. gland ulosum, /. Sm. in Seem. Bot.
Herald, p. 428 ?

Hall. Assam and Penang, Wallich. Assam and Sikkim, Griffith, Hooker fil.
and Thomaon (often with quite entire pinnules and deeply tinged with red). Phi-
lippine Islands, Cuming, n. 178 .' Nos. 314 and 361 are referred by Mr. J. Smith,
and I think correctly, to Meniscium cuspidatnm, Bl., and I believe they are the
M. Cumingii of Fee, Gen. p. 222. They are comparatively small specimens, with
nearly entire pinnse turning almost black when dry, the veins sunk, not sensibly
elevated; they vary from a simple or undivided frond (with sori), in others
with 1-3 and 5 or more pinnae. I have nearly the same form from Moulmein,
Parish, n. 135, but destitute of sori. Moulmein and Rangoon, Thomas Lobb,
Parish (who sends the membranaceous pinnule of a young frond with evidently
a minute cordiform scale or involucre before there is any appearance of capsules).
China: Chusan, Hance ; Java, Blume, Thos. Lobb, De Vriese and Teijsmann, n.
326, Millett (sori generally biseriate, rarely united and raeniscioid). Penang, Sir
IF. Xorris, Hance (pinnse lanceolate). Luzon, Cuming, n. 16 (with indistinct
traces of a hairy involucre). Ceylon, Gardner, n. 1137 (more membranaceous
and narrower pinnse, fronds mostly deeply tinged with red). Fiji Islands (more ser-
rated and somewhat approachinq; P. midlilineatum. Wall.), and island of Aneiteum,
N. Hebrides, Macgillivray, n.877, and Milne, n. 355 (very large, rachis and costae
cinnamon-red, pinnae 18 inches long and 2^ broad. Lahuan, Motley, n. 331.
Hongkong, Urquhart. — Ever since 1822 this Fern has been known and circulated
by the generous Wallich under the appropriate name of Pot. urophylluni. My
valued correspondent Mr. Parish has lately convinced me that a minute indu-
sium is seen upon the undeveloped sorus, which may require this (and possibly
the same may be found in an equally early stage upon other species of Goniopte-
ris), and thus necessitate its transfer to Eunephrodium. Blume refers the species
to Meniscium, and his figure would almost justify him; but all my Java speci-
mens indicate (with rare exceptions) a distinct biserial arrangement of rounded
sori, and Blume himself says, " sori sublongi aut ovales aut saepe subrotundi, soli-
tarii in ramis singulis brevissimis venarum lateralium." Mettenius places it in
his Goniopteris group of Phegopteris, and remarks, as distinctive of its species,
" soros binos distinctos arcubus niacularum procreant;" whereas, "in Meniscio
sporangia sorum continuum, arcus macularum omnino occupantem eftbrmant."
It is quite certain that, as far as the East Indian meniscioid Polypodia are con-
cerned, the origin of the apparently solitary sorus is often at the point of union
of the two veinlets, extending as it were laterally down the veinlets ; and I am far
from certain that position of sori on the veinlets is even of specific value, as in a
following species, P. nmltilineatum. Whether the two genera (or subgenera)
should be kept asunder is very much a matter of opinion.

The var. ,3 has every appearance of a small specimen, with few pinnae, of P.
urophyllum, and Mr. Bentham not unnaturally concluded it to be such, for he
has referred to that as a synonym ; but the sori are here invariably uniserial ! and
so subrotund as not to give the idea of these being two confluent sori of a Polypo-
dium. It is very unlike the figure of P. glandulosum, Pr., whatever that may be.
The Nephrod. grandulosum of J. Sm., above quoted, is founded on two plants
of Cuming : one, Aspid. glandulosum of Bl. (see p. 76 of Vol. IV. of this work),
Cuming's n. 298 ; the other, Cuming's n. 16, P. urophyllum, Wall, and of us.

211. P. (Goniopteris) harhatum. Hook.; "stipes paleaceous

POLYPODIUM, ^ GONIOPTERIS. 11

with blackish setae, frond subcoriaceous glossy 3 feet long
ovate, beneath on the costa and margin setulose with white
hairs i)innated,pinnrie numerous approximate patent 1 foot long
10 lines wide subsessile linear graduallj" attenuated pinnatifidly
inciso-serrate the prolonged apex entire, lobes triangular-
ovate acute united by a scariose winged margin produced into
a tooth in the sinus, secondary veins (costules) standing out at
an angle of 4° from the costa, tertiary veins (veinlets) 10-12
pairs lowest or inferior ones anastomosing superior connivent
separated by a scariose wing, sori appressed to the costules,
inferior ones oblong superior rotundate"(M('//ew.). — Gonio-
pteris, Fee, Gen. Fit. p. 252. Phegopteris, Metten. Phegopt.
p. 224. Goniopt. aspera, ./. Sia. not Pr. [Metten.)

Hal). Luzon, Cuming, n. 172. — By some accident my original specimens of
this Fern are mislaid. Unfortunately Mr. Smith gives no specific character, and
Fee and .Mettenius make no allusion to its affinity.

242. P. (Phegopteris) Borneense, Hook.; caudex?, stipes
5 inches long slender glabrous, frond firm-membranaceous
7 inches long ovate-oblong acuminated glabrous pinnate,
pinnae H to If inch long |-1 incli wide broad-oblong sud-
denly acute slightly falcate quite sessile truncated at the base
and distinctly auricled above subserrated upwards, terminal
pinna twice as large as the lateral ones petioled and suddenly
caudato-acuminate coarsely serrated in the lower half, cos-
tules slender subflexuose, veinlets rather distant horizontal
6-8 pairs nearly all connivent and subhorizontal more or less
produced, sori small rather irregular but near the middle of
each veinlet forming 2 subequidistant series.

llab. Borneo, Labiian, Thos. Lobb.—A. very peculiar and distinct species, quite
unlike anything which I am acquainted with ; the united produced veinlets are
often quite absent, and the nearly horizontal direction of the veinlets themselves
causes the areoles to he of a square form, with or witliout a central \initing veinlet.

243, P. (Goniopteris) niuttUineatum, Wall.; caudexV, stipes
2 feet and probably much more long stout glabrous as well
as the rachis, frond probably 3-4 feet long firm-coriaceous
pale yellowish-green glabrous pinnated, pinnae approximate
numerous 8-15 inches long 1-2 inches wide from a truncated
subsessile base elongate moderately acuminated, the margin
everywhere strongly and sharply serrated, costa and costules
and even veiidets elevated on both sides especially beneath,
veinlets lG-20 pairs close placed nearly the whole of them
connivent and soriferous in the middle and biserial. — Wat/, in
Herb, nostr.

12 POLYPODIUM, § GONIOPTERIS.

Ilab. Indian continent : Sylhet, Wallich ; Sikkim, Assam, Parasnath, Pundua,
Hook. fil. and Thomson; Boutan, Booth; GowhaXiy , Simons ; Kumaon, Griffith. —
A very fine and large species, with some affinity to P. linealum but more to P.
urophyllum, especially in the position of the sori ; but the shape of the pinnae
is very different and all are coarsely serrated. It seems to be a large-growing spe-
cies with very numerous parallel veins, and the texture is peculiarly rigid.

244. P. (Goniopteris) lineatum, Colebr. ; caudex ?, stipes
\\ foot and more long rather stout scaleless glossy and as
well as the rachis strongly tinged with red (rarely strami-
neous), fronds 1-2-3 feet long broad-oblong or -lanceolate
coriaceo-submembranaceous pinnated glabrous, pinnoe nu-
merous rather distant patent sessile 5-8 inches long \ an
inch or little more broad (on sterile fronds sometimes ex-
ceeding an inch) from an obliquely cuneato-truncate sessile
base (lower ones rather more attenuated and subpetiolate)
lanceolate or elongato-oblong finely acuminated at the apex
the margin coarsely and sharply submucronato-serrated, ser-
ratures pointing a little forward uniform, costfe prominent
beneath of the same colour as the rachis and stipes generally
reddish, veinlets about 6-8 pairs of which all are connivent
except 2-3 short pairs in the teeth of the serratures, sori in
2 series on the middle of the veiidets. — Colebr. in Herb. IValL,
and Wall. Cat. n. 300. P. costatum. Wall. Herb, {not Gonio-
pteris costata of Brack.)

Hal). Mountains, northern India, Nepal and Kumaon, Wallich, Strachey and
JJ'inierbot/om, aXt. ZbOO feet, w. 15. S\m\a, Col. Bates. Ninihlow, Silhet, and
Mishniee, Griffith. Ceylon, Mrs. Genl. Walker. — This is the P. lineatum,
Colebr., but the P. costatum of Wall. Herb, (not Go7iiopteris cos.'ata, Brack.)
Its neaiest affinity is with P. rubidum, J. Sni.

245. P. (Goniopteris) rubidum, Hook.; caudex? a span
and more long and as well as the rachis cinnamon-red gla-
brous, frond 1-1 h foot or more long subcoriaceo-memlirana-
ceous subovate dark-brown or blackish with a reddish tint
(probably succulent when recent) pirmated, pinnae all shortly
petioled 5-8 inches long by f-1 inch wide from a cuneate
base oblong-lanceolate finely acuminate entire obscurely ser-
rated terminal one the largest long-petioled, costa almost
black except in var. /3, veins or costules scarcely elevated
beneath, veinlets about 10 pairs nearly all connivent but
the united and produced portion is short not reaching to the
next pair above, sori always at the base of the veinlets thus
forming 2 distant series. — Goniopteris, J. Sm., in Hook.
Bot. Journ. iii. p. 395 [name only). — Var, /3, pinnae thicker

POr.YFODIUM, § GONIOPTERIS. 13

broader towards the l)ase, the margin subundulato-lobate,
costa very prominent cinnamon-red.

llab. Luzon, Cuming, n. 415. Java, Z)e Vriese and Teijumann, n. A\ . — Mr.
Cuming's specimens very much reseml)le tliose of some of his wliicli I have
brought uiuler P. urophijUum, but the piiuue are lojiger and narrower and the
sori are clearly at the base of the veinlets and close to the costules ; they liave
the same position in tlie Java specimens.

246. P. (Goniopteris) Panangianum, Hook.; caudex ?,
stipes (portion of) and rachis moderately stout quite gla-
brous cinnamon-red, fronds ample membranaceous dark-
green glal)rous pinnated, pinnfc (8-10 pairs only of the base
of the frond) G-U-IO inches long 1-1^ inch broad from a cu-
neate subattenuated subpetioled base elongato-oi)long lan-
ceolate finely acuminated coarsely and sharply submucro-
nately and subduplicato-serrated, serratures moderately patent
uniform, veinlets 8-9 pairs very frequently alternate (not op-
posite as is usual in Goniopteris, consequently the 5-6 pairs
which are connivent or united are so by means of the sj)u-
rious veins formed by the prolongation of the united pairs
and this is slender and more or less flexuose, sori at the base
of each veinlet forming 2 closely placed series only separated
by the primarv vein or costule. — Pol. urophyllum, tl a/l.,var.
angusta ? " Pol. lineatum," II all. Cat. n. 299. .3.

Hab. Penang, Wallich. — I have only the lower portion of two specimens a foot
or more long of this Fern, eacii with 10 very uniform pairs of pinnae as described
above. It cannot be the P. urophyllum of Wallich, for that has never sharp ser-
ratures; the texture alone would distinguish it also from that and from P. linea-
tum, with which the serratures agree; and there are more striking characters in
the alternate veinlets and in the basal insertion of the sori, so that the two series
are unusually wide apart.

247. P. (Goniopteris) proUferum, Pr. ; caudex thickish
subrepand, stipites clustered erect varying in length, fronds
glabrous or pilosulous ]-2 feet and more long subcoriaceous
glabrous pinnated and at the apices and the axils of the pinnee
repeatedly proliferous and widely extended, piniiije 3-6 inches
long sessile oblong-lanceolate acuminate sometimes auricled at
the base entire or in age coarsely crenato-serrate, veinlets 4 to
5 pairs or 8-10 in the longer pinnte connivent and forming a
continued spurious vein or costule, sori oval rather than sub-
rotund in the middle of the veinlet sometimes near the point of
junction and then confluent and meniscioid. — Roxb. in Wall.
Cat.n. 312 [not Kaulf.). Meniscium, Siv. Si/n. Fit. p. 19 and
207, Hook. 2d Cent. 0/ Ferns, t. 15, llilld. Sp. PI. v. p. 135.
Goniopteris, Pr. P. luxurians, K;:e. Phegopteris, Metten.

14 POLYPODIUM, § GONIOPTERIS.

Phegopt. p. 25. Ampelopteris elegans, Kze. in Bot. Zeit. vi.
p. 114, and A. firma, Kze. in Linncea, xxiv. />. 133.

Hub. India, Konig ; appaiently universal in hilly regions, Wallich, Griffith,
Hook. fil. and Thomson, etc. Luzon, Cmjwhi^, ». 168. idiVa., Zollinger. S.China,
Sampson {from Mr. Hance). S. Africa, Robinson. — A very variable species, re-
markable for its proliferous tendency and apparently climbing habit. The sori
are not sufficiently elongated either for Gymnoyramme or for Meniscium.

248. P. (Goniopteris) artlirothrix^ldook,', caudex?, plant
villous with soft spreading glossy brown sericeous dis-
tinctly jointed hairs more copious beneath and longest on
the costee, stipes (upper portion only) as well as the rachis
densely fusco-villous with patent hairs, fronds 1 foot and pro-
bably more long 5-6 inches broad firm membranaceous dark
brown when dry ovate-oblong acuminated pinnatifid at the
apex, pinnss rather distant subpetiolate 3-4 inches long |-|
inch wide from a broad truncated rarely auricled base oblong
obtusely acuminated upwardly obtuse (not acuminated) the
margin quite entire on the lower ones crenate or lobato-cre-
nate, veins distant flexuose sunk, veinlets 3-4 pairs distant
one or two lower pairs united so as to form large areoles the
rest free or rarely united but from the united lowest pair a
produced veinlet extends to the margin forming an imperfect
spurious vein or costule, sori on the middle of the veinlet or
at the junction of a veinlet smallish subrotund and apparently
sometimes more or less elongated.

Ilab. Madagascar, Bojer, Lyall. — This is too remarkable a plant to leave unno-
ticed, and which 1 have received from two dilferent collectors, although I could
wish for more, and more perfect, specimens to describe from. If a Goniopteris,\t
it is very aberrant in its venation : the costules or primary veins are not distinct
and parallel, and the sori are placed very irregularly, liere and there two seem to
be confluent.

249. P. (Goniopteris) poecilophJebium, Hook.; caudex?,
stipes a span and more long slender glabrous as is the whole
plant, fronds 10-12 inches long and as much broad very firm
membranaceous subdeltoid pinnated, pinnee about 7> lateral
ones in distant pairs subalternate subpetiolate, terminal one
generally the largest long petiolate 6-9 inches long l|-2
inches broad broad-lanceolate acuminate, margin a little
thickened serrated nearly entire at tlie base and at the very
apex, primary veins or costules rather distant, veinlets erecto-
patent 6-7 pairs, lowest pair elongated always free and pa-
rallel with the costules the rest united or free, the united
apices sending out a short free veinlet and forming a continu-

POLYPODllJM, § CYRTOMIPIII.ERIIJM. 1")

ous vein or spurious costule, sori small solitary near the mid-
dle of the veinlets.

Ilab. Dunk Island, N.E. coast of Australia, MactjilUvray, Voij. of the Rattle-
snake.— A very distinct peculiar specieS: but as the sori are in a measure obli-
terated I cannot be sure of its being exinvolucrate. Habit of some of the Cyrto-
mium group, but the venation more that of Goniopteris, only the basal veinlets
(and sometimes the next pair) are always free.

§ 4. CvRTOMiPHLEBtuM. — Habit and venation o/'Cyrtomium. Sp. 250.

250. p. (Cyrtomiphlebium) dubium, Hook. ; caudex short
thick erect crowned with a dense mass of imbricated subulato-
lanceolate jet-black glossy scales i-f inch long brownish at
the margin, stipites tufted 1-2 feet and more long firm stout
stramineous the base clothed with the scales just described
the rest as well as the rachis paleaceous with thin membra-
naceous ferruginous lacerated subovate scales, fronds 1-2 and
3 feet long firm subcoriaceous glabrous pinnated scarcely
pinnatifid at the apex, pinnte 3-5-6 inches long 'i-lh inch
wide from a broad cuneate base truncated and auricled above
ovato-lanceolate subfalcate serrated or bipinnate in the lower
half and then elongated G-9 inches long uppermost ones pin-
natifid and strongly lobed at the margin, pinnules 1-1 1 inch
long rhomboid acute sharply serrated towards the point,
veins or veinlets all diverging from the costa erecto-patent
forked and anastoi^iosing into very elongated areoles rarely
except towards the apex and at the margin free, sori irregular
varying in size subrotund or oval dorsal on the free or anasto-
mosing veinlets. — Phegopteris, /var^^. FL Coluinb. v. \. p. 109.
/. 84. — Var. a, fronds pinnate. — Var. /3, fronds bipinnate.

Hah. o, Peru, ex Herb. Ruiz and Pavon. Ecuador, Jameson. Mount Tungu-
ragua, Spruce, n. 5264 and 5265 (sori very large oval). y8, Andes of Ecuador,
Spruce, n. 5263. Bogota, Karsten. — In the course of my investigation of the
Polypodieous Ferns ! am frequently startled with the appearance of species which
have little or nothing to distinguish them from others in the Aspidieous group
save that the sori are destitute of involucre. Such is the case with the one now
under consideration ; yet so great is its resemblance to the East Indian Aspid.
(Cyrtomium) caducum. Wall., that Moore, in his hid. Fil., refers these South Ame-
rican Ferns of Spruce to the A. caducum. Besides, however, the exinvolucrate sori
(and if otliers liad overlooked them in the dried state, Mr. Spruce, who has
sent the specimens as true " Poli/podium," could not have done so in the living
state), there is a different form in the rhomboid pinnules, and there is a difference
in the venation, on which Mr. Moore will lay more stress than I have the credit
of doing. In P. dubium, in the i)innated form, the veins anastomose more than
in Aspid. caducum (where sometimes the pinnae are all free-veined), the free
veinlets which do appear are never within an areole, nor do these ever bear a ter-
minal sorus, and in the pinnules of the bipinnate froiuls the venation equally
anastomoses. Time aiul experience may teach us the true value to be placed both
on the venation and the involucre.

16 POLYPODIUMj § PHLEBODIUM.

§ 5. Phlebodium, Br. — Veins reticulated, with free included veinlets in
the areoles. Free veinlet excurrent, directed towards the margin. Sori on the
converying apices of 2 or more included veinlets, the costal areoles sterile. — Chry-
sopteris, Link. Sp. 251-253.

251. P. (Phlebodium) aureum, Linn.; caudex creeping
moderately stout clothed with bright tawny slender subulate
soft scales, stipes 2 feet and more long stout at first pruinose at
length glossy stramineous or brown, fronds a span to 2-5 feet
long subcoriaceo-membranaceous often more or less glaucous
subovate or oblong deeply nearly to the rachis pinnatifid, seg-
ments .3-35 and more spreading 4 inches to a foot long | an
inch to H inch wide oblong or linear-oblong or lanceolate
blunt or acuminate entire lowest pair or 2 pairs often separate
from the rest, terminal one generally elongated, veinlets form-
ing narrow costular areoles which have no included veinlets
and several longer and broader areoles in one or two series
with 2-3 parallel included veinlets of which the lower series
bear a large sorus at their united apices and sometimes a se-
cond series l^etween the costce and the margin, sori (some-
times oval) in one or two series joarallel with the margin, the
veinlets variously reticulated — Var. a, sori uniserial, Lm>i.
Sp. PL p. 1546, Schk. Fi(. p. 13. ^.12 {venation very incor-
rect), Sw. Sijn. FiL p. 32, TVilld. Sp. PI. v. p. 169, Metien.
Pohjpod. p. 100. Pleopeltis, Pr. Phlebodium, Br., Moore.
Chrysopteris, Lk. Pol. areolatum, H. B. K. in JVil/d. Sp. PL
v.p. 172 ?, Metten. FiL Hort. Lips. p. 35 [and this is Chrvsopt.
sporadocarpum, Lk., 7iot Willd., according to Metten.). Phle-
bolium, /. Sm. Polyp, pulvinatum,/. <§>/?,. Polyp, sporado-
carpum, Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 171, Metten. FiL Hort. Lips. p. 36.
t. 25./. 12. Phlebod., Moore, Ind. FiL t. 58./. 1. Polypod.
pulvinatum^ Lowe, Fil.,n. t. 56 {tvit/i syns.). Polyp, araneo-
sum. Mart, et Gal. FiL Mex. p. 33. /. 3./. 2 {venation exe-
crable). An Pol. glaucinum et P. fulvum, Mart, and Gal. t.
5 . /. 1 . and t. 6 }—Plum. FiL t. 76.— Var. yS, sori biserial. P.
dictyocallis, Lowe, FiL 2. t. 36 {specimen derived from Mr.
Moore). Chrysopteris, Fee. Phlebod. J. Sm. Phleb. mul-
tiseriale, Moore, Gard. Chron. 1855.

Hab. Var. a, very common in the West Indian Islands: Cuba, C. Wright, n. 803
(P. areolatum. Eat.). Tropical America : Ecuador, *S/;r»«?e, w. 5240 ; Venezuela,
Fendler, n. 2i\ {P. areolatum, Eat.); Brazil, Gardner, n. 116; Mexico, Mart,
and Gal. n. 6413 and 6460, Sartireg, n. 1860, Linden, n. 192; Galapagos, Capt.
Wood. U. States: East Florida, Buckley {segments more acuminated). — Var. ;3,
St. Vincent, L. Guilding; Martinique, Belanger ; British Guiana, Appun, n. 175,
Schomburgk, n. 356; Surinam, Hostinann, n. 945. — This conunon species varies

POLYPODIUM, § PIILEBODIUM. 17

imich in size and in the more or less glaucous colour of the foliage. P. xjjorado-
carjmm, P. nipolalum, and /'. pulvinatum arc chielly known as garden species,
an(l all that I have seen under those names I should have no hesitation in refer-
ring to P. aureum. My native spi'ciniens with a douhle series of sori (and those
not invariably so) exactly correspond with the figure of Lowe, derived from Mr.
Moore.

252. P. (Phlebodium) decumanum, Willd. ; caudex creep-
ing clothed with aureo-fulvous long flexuose linear-subulate
fimbriated scales, stipes thick as a goose-quill 2 and more
feet long brown glossy, frond ample firm subcoriaceo-mera-
branaceous 1-3 and more feet long subovate deeply nearly
to the stout rachis pinnatifid, segments 5-20 or more distant
large a span-H foot long H-.3 inches wide oblong or broad-
lanceolate acuminate crenato-sinuate rather than serrated,
terminal segment large elongated, primary veins or costules
evident regular straight distant l^etween which are two series
of parallel areoles extending nearly to the margin each with
3 included veinlets connivent and soriferous at the apex
rarely are there a few narrow costular areoles (so common in
P. aiireum) free from veinlets, the marginal venation is irre-
gularly reticulated, sori very copious small forming 8-10
somewhat irregular longitudinal series and numerous very
regular geminate transverse ones. — IVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 170.
Meften. Poh/pod. p. 100. t. 2. f. 10. Phlebodium, /. Sm.
Pleopeltis, Pr., Tent. Pierid. p. 193. t. 7-/. S6 {very imper-
fect in the primary venation). Chrysopteris, Fee.

Hab. Brazil, " Hoffmannsegg" Gardner, n. 1221 ; Para, Spruce, n. 912, n. 15*.
Tarapota, Eastern Peru, Spruce, n. 4104. Cayenne, Le Prieur, Sagot,n. 718.
N. Granada, Schlim, n. 753, Ilollon, n. 40. — A noble species, with very beautiful
peculiar venation and very copious niultiseriate sori.

253. P. (Phlebodium) nigripes, Hook. ; caudex stout
creeping but tortuous densely clothed with rigid black subu-
late scales fringed with rusty-coloured woolly hairs, stipes
8-10 inches long partially paleaceous with similar but smaller
scales black as well as the rachis and lower part of the costcc
beneath, fronds a few inches to 9-10 inches long 5-6 inches
broad naked and dark-green above paler and subfurfuraceo-
squamulose beneath, when young deeply pinnatifid through-
out, when mature remotely pinnate below, terminal lobe lan-
ceolate elongated, segments (or pinure) oblong-lanceolate
acuminate coarsely serrated at the apex decurrcnt at the
base, lowest pair subpctiolate, veins anastomosing and form-
ing two or three series of areoles (besides the usual costal

VOL. V. D

18 POLYPODIUM, § GONIOPHLEBIUM.

ones of Phhbodium, of which the first series is large and
soriferous, each areole including two veins with the glo-
bose sorus at their apex), the other areoles irregular, sori
rather large distant intermediate between the costse and the
margin.

Hab. Tovar, Venezuela, Fendler, n. 247. — I cannot refer this to any described
species ; and probably Mr. Eaton could not do so either, nor satisfy himself that
it was new, and thus probably he was induced to omit it in his ' Fil. ^Ynghtianse
et Fendlerianae.' The habit and venation are tho>e of a small state of Pol. au-
renm, yet I cannot think it can be safely referred to that species. The stipes is
black, and the scales of the caudex are very peculiar.

§ 6. GoNioPHLEBiUM. — Sori terminal on solitary veinlets within the costal series
of areoles, sometimes on those of one or more additional series. Goniophle-
bium, Bl. Marginaria, Pr., and Synammia, Pr., inpart. — Sp. 254-282.
* Fronds simple. Sp. 1.

254. P. (Goniophlebium) glaucophyUum, Kze. ; caudex
long creeping or scandent thick as a goose-quill pruinose and
scaly with small peltate black scales with a brown margin,
stipites distant 2 inches to a span long testaceous glossy,
fronds firm subcoriaceo-membranaceous 4-8-10 inches long
1-2 inches wide broad-lanceolate finely acuminated entire,
primary veins costuliform parallel opposite, lowest veinlet free
axillary and soriferous, the rest connivent in opposite pairs
and excurrent into a free veinlet soriferous at the apex thus
forming a series of 7-10 areoles, sori consequently uniserial
between every pair of costules and multiserial longitudinally.
— Var. <x; fronds glauco-pruinose beneath, sori small. P.
glaucophyUum, Kze. in Schk. Fil. p. 227- t. 93 {excellent). —
Var. /3; fronds scarcely glaucous, sori small. — Var. 7; fronds
not glaucous, sori large.

Hab. Tropical America : New Granada, Moritz, n. 305, Otto, n. 570, Purdie,
Burschil ; Andes of Ecuador, Spruce, n. 5431; Guadeloupe, L'llerniinier. —
Var. /3. Abeokuta, tropical West Africa, Dr. Irving, n. 41. — Var. 7. Cayenne,
Sagot. New Granada, Hartiveg, n. 1502. Andes of Ecuador, Valley of Lloa,
Jameson, n. 399; Foot of Tunguragua and of Chimborazo, Spruce, n. 5245.
New Granada, Schlim,n. 125. — A well-marked species, yet presenting three va-
rieties as I conceive them to be.

** Fronds pinnatifid. Sp. 255-268.

255. P. (Goniophlebium) Californicum, Klfs. ; caudex
creeping paleaceous, stipes 3 inches to a span long testace-
ous, fronds 3-9 inches long 1-4-5 inches broad oblong or
ovate or even broad-ovate acuminate subpellucid deeply
nearly to the base pinnatifid, segments oblong or sublinear-
oblong mostly serrated acute or obtuse, terminal one rather

POLYPODIUM, § GONIOPIILEBIUM. 19

short acuminate pinnatifid at the l)ase, lowest pair sul)decur-
reiit, veins free or anastomosing into a costal series of large
areoles, the veinlets free, sori suhovate. — Kaulf. Ea. Fil. p.
102. Hook, and Am. Rot. Beech. Voy. pp.' ICA and 40."),
not Metten. Polyp. p. 72 [rrho gives Juan Fernandez as the loca-
Vity). Marginaria, iV. Polyji. intermedium, Hook, and Am.
Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 405. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. p. 258.
Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exp. ji. 9 {excl. syn. P. Scouleri).

Hah. California, Chaminno, Sinclair, Beechei/, Barclay, Coulter, Lieut. Whip-
ple, lirackenriffr/e, Major Eaton, U.S.A. — Kaulfuss says, " P. vulgari simile, dif-
fert aiiteni quain niaxime, venulis sub margini laciiii<xanastoinosantil)us sorumqiie
ovatuiu includentibus." My P. infcrdium, which partakes of the two in its
venation Avealicns the characters of Qoniophlebiiun (alias Marginaria) as a
genus.

256. P. (Goniophlebium) Scouleri, Hook, and Grev. ;
caudex creeping scaly, stipes 3-4 or more inches long
reddish brown, fronds 6 inches to nearly a foot long 3-G
inches wide thick-coriaceous broad-ovate deeply nearly to
the rachis pinnatifid, segments elliptical-oblong very obtuse
entire or obscurely serrated, terminal segment the longest,
veins anastomosing so as to form a single series of large
acute areoles extending nearly to the margin, sori very large
prominent subglobose, capsules very long stipitate. — Hook,
and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 56. P. pachyphyllum. Herb. Eaton.

Ilab. Straits of Juan de Fuca, N.W. America, Scolder, Barclay, Seemann. " Port
Orford," Ucrb. D. C. Eaton. — A most distinct and very little-known species.
My specimens vary with from 5-9 segments, but a sketch of a specimen from
Mr. Eaton, which I cannot doubt is identical witli this, is very much larger (10
inches long by G wide). Kunze (in Sill. Journal, vi. 1848, p. 82) says P. Scoiileri,
IT. and Gr., is incorrectly united with the very distinct P. Californlcum, Klfs.,
in ' Hook. Fl. Bor. Am.' ; and Brackenridge says, " we find the P. Scouleri
referred to P. Califm'nicum, Klfs. :" but these authors surely cannot have seen
the Fl. Bor. Americana, where, I regret to say, by inadvertence, the plant is
omitted.

257' P- (Goniophlebium) pubescens. Hook, and Grev.;
caudex creeping tortuous ferrugineo-paleaceous, stipes 4
inches to a span long, fronds firm-membranaceous subglan-
duloso-pubescent 6-15 inches long 2-4 inches wide from a
rather l)r()ad base ovato-oblong acuminate ])innatifid nearlv
to the rachis pinnated below, segments and pinna; horizontal
often opposite elongato-oblong acute or obtusely acuminate
entire or the lower ones and pinnic especiallv more or less
deeply but irregularly pinnatifid, veins anastomosing .so as to
form a single costal series of large areoles, sori rathor small.
— Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 182.

20 POLYPODIUM, § GONIOPHLEBIUM.

Hab. Cerro del Jlorro, San Luis, South America, Gillies. Andes of Peru,
M'Lean (segments more entire). — Admirably figured by Dr. Greville, 1. c. It
has too much the habit of P. vulgare, but is larger, and the venation quite that
of Goniophlebium.

258. P. (Goniophlebium) Catharince, Fisch. and Langsd. ;
caudex creeping clothed with ferruginous subulate scales,
stipes 2-3 inches long slender stramineous, fronds coriaceo-
membranaceous glabrous 5-8-9 inches long 2-2^-4 inches
wide ovate acuminate deeply nearly to the rachis pinnatifid,
the acuminated apex nearly entire, segments horizontal ap-
proximate 1^-2 inches long \ inch wide from a rather broad
scarcely decurrent base oblong obtuse entire or subsinuate,
the sinuses acute or rarely obtuse, lowest pair generally de-
flexed, veins forming one or two series of costal areoles of
which the first series is soriferous, sori suliglobose nearer the
costa than the margin. — Fisch. and Langsd. Fil. p. 9. t. 9.
Willd. Sp. PL y.jj. 172. Metten. Polyp, p. 7-^. Marginaria,
Pr. Goniophleb., J. Sm. Polyp, glaucun), Raddi, Fil. Bras,
p. 20. t. 29./. 1.

Hab. Brazil, Lavgsdorff, Raddi, Boog, Gardner, n. 70. — I possess specimens
quite according with the two figures aljove quoted, but I cannot consider it a well-
marked species. I shall have occasion to refer to other supposed species that are
too closely allied to this.

259. P. (Goniophlebium) Mathnvsii, Metten.; caudex?,
stipes 4 and more inches long subvillous, frond oblong-lan-
ceolate acuminate subcoriaceous 12-14 inches long 3-4
inches wide deeply almost to the rachis pinnatifid clothed on
both sides especially beneath and at the margins with rufous
hairs some slender and subsetaceous others wider soft fiexu-
ose and articulated, segments numerous but rather distant
from a broad base linear-ensiform subfalcate, veins forming
a single large series of costal areoles, veinlets short free, sori
numerous much concealed by the copious rufous hairs. —

■ Metten. Polyp, p. 74. Goniophlebium Villeminianum, Fee,
'Jme Mem. F'oug. Nouv. p. 63. t. 27. /. 3 [very good).

Ilab. Chacapoyas, Peru, Mathews, n. 1811 and 3281. Ecuador, near Pasto,
and forests of the eastern Andes, Jameson, Spruce. "New Granada, alt. 3400-
3700 metres, Schlim," Fee. — This Fern had been long preserved in niy herbarium
as a new species, and has lately been well described by Mettenius, and well figured
by M. Fee, I.e.

260. P. (Goniophlebium) hr'iceum, L. ; caudex creeping
deciduously scaly tortuous at length naked and glaucous,
stipes pale-brown a span to a foot and more long, fronds 1-2

POLYPODIUM, § GONIOPHLEBIUM. 21

feet long 4-6 inches wide broad- or ovato-lani^eolatc acumi-
nated with an entire or subpinnatifid apex firm-membranacc-
ous deeply nearly to the rachis pinnatifid, segments approxi-
mate horizontal from a broad base (the upper base singularly
produced or upcurrent especially of the lower half of the
frond) oblong gradually acuminate subfalcate entire or sub-
sinuate, lowest pair often deflexed, veins forming one or two
series of large costal areoles of which one or both series are
soriferous, veinlets free. — Linn. Sjj. PL p. 1546. Siv. Syn.
Fil.p. 35. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 176. Metten. Polyp, p. 76.
Marginaria, Pr. Goniophleb., Fee. Polyp, plesiosorum,
Kze. P. gonatodes, Kze. and Metten. Fit. Hart. Lips. p. .32.
t. 24. f. 11 and 12. P. confluens, Liebm. P. Falcaria, Kze.
in Linncea, xviii.p. 316. P. Iffitum, Raddi. P. latipes, Fisch.
and Langsd. p. 10. /. 10. P. colpodes, if^e. P. vacillans, Lk.
P. punctulatum, Hook. Ic. PL t. 69.— Pliwi. FiL t. 78.

Hal). Tropical America, frequent : West Indies, Plumier, etc. ; Cuba, C.
Wright, n. 827 ; Mexico, Jurgeiisen, n. 893, Galeotti, n. 6559 and 6550, Lieb-
mann; Guatemala, Skinner ; Br&zW, Gardner, 71. 121 and 5918, Spruce, n. 2S34 ;
Panama, Seemann (P. pectinatum, /. Sm.) ; Venezuela, Fendler, n. 212 (P. latipes,
Eat.), 243 and 353, Linden, n. 531 ; Ecuador, Spruce, n. 5275 and 5269, Jame-
son, n. 471 ; Peru, Paeppig (racliis and costae beneath hairy, P. dasypleuron, Kze.,
Metten. Polyp, p. 76) ; farapota, Spruce, n. 4650 a7id 4653. — The P. loriceum,
L., is founded upon Plumier's figure above quoted. It is remarkable for having
the superior base of many of the lower pairs of segments surcurrent, instead of
having, as is usual, the inferior base decurrent, a character well figured and even
described by Plumier. Unfortunately the character is not constant, and I possess
almost all intermediate grades, till the mark disappears altogether, hence many
supposed species have been constituted of it. 1 am disposed to thiidv I have
underrated rather than overrated the number of these pseudo-species, and most
of my references are to authentic specimens. My specimens of P. vacillans,*
Lk., exhil)it numerous segments which are surcurrent at the superior base. P.
appendiculatum of Linden, figured in Hook. Fil. E.xot. t. 87, is so in a less degree,
and the red veins can hardly be considered a sound specific character. Again,
some of my smaller specimens seem almost to pass into P. Cafharince, especially
a small form of P. plesiosorum and P. deltoideum, Liebm. in Herb, nostr.

261. P. (Goniophlebium) lasiopus, Kl. ; " caudex creeping
clothed with blackish-brown ovato-lanceolate acuminate ri-
gid apprcsscd scales, stipes 1 inch long, frond membranace-
ous on each side (as well as the petiole) viscidly puberulous
lanceolate acuminate deeply pinnatifid, segments contiguous
10 lines long 2 lines wide oblong and slightly attenuated rather
obtuse entire, lowest pair free remote slightly abbreviated

* This, together with P. karpendes, Lk., which Mettenius makes synonymous
witli. P. latipe-t, Mr. J. Smith is disposed to refer to P. attenuatum, II. B. K. and
Willd. (see p. 24).

22 POLYPODIUM, § GONIOPHLEBIUM.

deflexed, distinct areoles of Marginaria (Pr.), short free
veinlets between them and the margin, veins sometimes free,
sori equidistant between the costa and the margin." Metten.
— A7. in LinncBa, xx. p. 393, Metten. Pohjp.p. 73.

Hal). Columbia, Iloritz, n. 256 (A7.). Venezuela, Fendler,n. 244 (Polyp, lasio-
pus, KL, Eat. in Herb, nostr.) — It is to be regretted tliat neitber of tbe authors
who have given a specific character of tliis obscure plant makes any allusion to
its affinities. I have no authentic specimens, unless those of Fendler, named by
Eaton, may be considered such ; and here thej-e are two forms, one pubescent and
•with an opaque frond, the other with a pellucid frond and clearly a free black
venation. The affinity is close with some of the small abnormal forms of P.
loriceum and its allies.

What is P. rhodopleuron, Kze. in Linnsea, xviii. p. 315, and of Metten. I.e.,
p. 74 .', of Mexico ; said to be P. Californicum of Schlecht. in Linnsa, v. p. 606,
not Klfs. ?

262. P. (Goniophlebium) transhicens, Kze. ; caudex stout
(thick as one's httle finger) creeping fusco-paleaceous, stipes
testaceous brown 4 inches long, fronds firm-membranaceous
translucent pale-green 8-10 inches long 6-9 inches broad gla-
brous deltoid acuminate deeply nearly to the rachis pinnatifid,
segments 7-17 lanceolate horizontal decurrent at the base,
lower ones sometimes free, terminal one elongated, all of
them coarsely and unequally serrato-dentatc obtusely acumi-
nate, veins black (when the frond is held up to the light)
anastomosing and forming a costal series of large soriferous
areoles, veinlets free, sori rather small distant. — Kze. in
Annul. Pteridogr. p. 16. Goniophlebium, Fee. P. inter-
medium. Coll. PL Chil. p. 51./. 74 [according to the reference
of Mettenius, not of Hook, and Grev.) . P. Californicum, Met-
ten. Polyp, p.'] I [not Kaulf.).

Hab. Juan Fernandez, Bartero, Cuming, n. 1333, Douglas. — ^A very peculiar
species, well defined by Kunze. It appears to be peculiar to the island of Juan
Fernandez, and all my specimens, from three different collectors, are very nni-
form. The segments are large, some of them nearly 5 inches long, and eroso-
dentate.

263. P. (Goniophlebium) trilobuin, Cav. ; caudex long
creeping stout l^ranched squarrose with copious ferruginous
scales, stipes testaceous 4-6 inches long, fronds 4-10 inches
long as much wide sul^coriaceous l)road-ovate in circumscrip-
tion deeply nearly to the rachis pinnatifid (or rather remotely
pinnate with the rachis winged), segments or pinnae obliquely
patent 3-9, terminal one (often tripartite) very much elon-
gated and sometimes also the lowest painoften 6 inches long
from :f-ij of an inch wide linear-lanceolate or ensiform more
or less acuminated, lowest pair sometimes bipartite, veins

POLYPODIUM, § GONIOIMILEBIUM. 23

usually anastomosing so as to form elongated soriferous
areoles, veinlets free and not unfrequently the veins also,
sori oval or very much elongated large oblique. — " Cav. Pra'l.
1804. p. 604." Jn/kL Sp. PL v. p. 1G4. Meite?i. Polyp, p. 72.
Synammia, Pr. Gay. Hook. Gen. Fil. t. WO. A. Mecosorus,
Kl. Goniophlebium, Moore. P. glaucescens, Bory, in Dup.
Voy. Bot. p. 260.

Hab. South California, Concepcion to Valdivia, Chiloe, etc. {Cavanilles), Pcpp-
pig. King, Germain, Harvey, Philippi, Lechler,n. 509, Bridges, n.SlO (on Apple-
trees, Valdivia). — A handsome species, with a very bad name, somewhat allied to
P. translucens, Kze., but different in the nearly entire margins and the obliquely
patent segments, but above all in the singahirly elongated sori.

264. P. (Goniophlebium) cnsiforme, Thunb. ; caudex stout
creeping with short branches densely clothed with sulmlate
fimbriated scales, stipes stout 5-6 inches long red-brown,
fronds a span to a foot and more long 4-5 inches broad
firm-coriaceous oblongo-ovate deeply pinnatifid with from
3-13 remote erecto-patent segments 3-5 rarely 6 inches long
\-h an inch wide elongate linear-oblong obtuse very decur-
rent at the base, terminal one the longest, veins forming a
single series of large oblong areoles soriferous in the upper
segments, veinlets free, sori somewhat sunk sometimes very
large and prominent subglobose, principal costie very ele-
vated hene^ith.— Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 135. Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 31.
WiUd. Sp. PI. p. 165. Kze. in Schk. Fil. Suppl. i. p. 117- t.
54 {excl. f. a.). Metten. Polyp, p. 73. Marginaria, Pr.
Pappe et kaivs. En. Fil. Cap. p. 39. Goniophlebium, Fee,
Gen. Fil. t.2l. B.2. Phlebodium, J. Sm.

Ilab. South Africa : Cape of Good Hope to Natal.

265. P. (Goniophlebium) patens, J. Sm.; caudex rather
thick creeping clothed with copious ferruginous very slender
long subulate crisped scales, stipites 2-4 inches long strami-
neous glossy, fronds subcoriaceo-membranaceous G-10 inches
long 4-9 inches wide subdeltoid lower half pinnated upper
half deejily nearly to the rachis pinnatifid, segments and
pinnte 3-6 inches long r^-\ an inch wide, terminal segment
much elongated, all very patent linear-oblong gradually acu-
minated opposite or alternate singularly decurrent at the
base, the margin very obscurely serrate, veins forming a
single series of large soriferous areoles, marginal veinlets
short free clavate, sori orbicular intermediate between the
costa and margin. — /. Sm. in Seem. Bot. of the ' Herald,'
p. 230.

24 POLYPODIUM, § GONIOPHLEBIUM.

Ilab. On trees, Panama, Seemann, n. 25. — Habit of P. trilobum of Chili, and
P. ensiforme of the Cape, but quite different from both.

266. P. (Goniophlebium) attenuahim, H. B. K.; caudex
stout short creeping paleaceous, stipes rather stout a span
and more long reddish-brown, frond coriaceo-membranaceous
10 inches to 2 feet long 8-10-12 inches broad subdeltoid-
ovate acuminate deeply to the rachis pinnatifid leaving only
a very narrow wing at the broad sinuses, segments very dis-
tant elongato-lanceolate acuminate or obtuse entire 4-6
inches long \ an inch to nearly an inch wide usually at-
tenuated at the base and slightly decurrent, terminal one
similar to the rest sometimes bi-trifid, veins forming three or
four series of areoles of which the costal ones and frequently
the next series are soriferous, sori subrotund. — H. B. K. in
Wi/hl Sp. PL y.p. 191. Kze. in Linnaa, xxi. p. 219. P.
dissimile, Schk. Fil. p. 14. /. 14. P. xiphophoron, Kze.
Herb, in Metten. Polyp, p. 73. Goniophlebium elatum ?,
Fee.

Hab. Tropical America: Caripe, Humboldt; Venezuela, Fendler, n. 490;
Guiana, abundant, Parker, R?c/iard Schomburgk, n. 1669, Robf. S., n. 460, Le
Prieur ; Brazil, Spruce, n. 736; Orinoco, Spruce, n. 3575; Central America,
Cumin;/, n. 1265 ; Ecuador, Jameson, n. 565, Seemann, n. 980. — I think a well-
marked species, well figured by Schkuhr, but which Mettenius seems to confound
with P. (Eupolypod.) sororium, which has free venation and oblong sori.

267. P- (Goniophlebium) amcenum, Wall. ; caudex creep-
ing densely paleaceous with ferruginous subulate scales, sti-
pites a span to a foot or more long stramineous or brown,
fronds 1 to nearly 2 feet long 6-10 inches wide glabrous or
subpubescent ovate terminating in a lanceolate acuminate
subentire segment, deeply pinnatifid to within 2-3 lines of
the costa, segments horizontal more or less approximate
3-6-8 inches long ^-^ an inch wide subfalcate from a broad
base ensiform gradually acuminate entire or coarsely dentato-
serrate, lowest pair deflexed, veins forming one costal series
of moderately sized soriferous areoles and sometimes two
(the second not soriferous), marginal veinlets free, soriferous
veinlet always arising from the vein at a distance from the
costa, sori subglobose sunk (papillose on the upper side). —
Wall. Cat. n. 290. Metten. Polyp. p. 80. Marginaria, Pr. Go-
niophlebium, /. Sm.

Hab. Nepal, Br. Wallich, and Khasya {Griffith), and northern and north-
western India, Bootan, Kumaon (alt. 6000-8000-10,000 feet), etc., Hooker and
Thomson, Lady Dalhousie, Edgexmrth, Col. Bates, and others. Mussoorie, Dr.
Bacon. — This may assuredly be considered the representative in India of the P.

POLYPODIUM, § GONIOPIILEI5IUM. 25

loriceum of the New World, at least of that aberrant form of loriceum which
exhibits least of the produced superior base of the segtneiits ; not that this
structure is wanting in several of my specimens of amceuum. The caudex, how-
ever, seems to lose its paleaceous clothing and become smooth atid glaucous.
The fertile veinletis never so near the costa, and in loriceum there is never more
than one series of sori in them, and sometimes the stipes and racliis beneath are
a little paleaceous ; characters which, if the plant was found in the same country,
would scarcely be considered of im|)ortance.

268. P. (Goiiioplilebium) lac/mopns, Wall. ; caudex long
creeping thick as a writing-pen densely clothed with long
black setaceous bristles, stipes 2-4 inches long stramineous-
brown, fronds membranaceous 6-8 inches to I5 foot long
li-3i inches wide oblong terminating in an acuminated
nearly entire apex deeply near to the rachis pectinato-pin-
natifid, segments linear or linear-oblong acute or obtuse ob-
scurely dentato-serrate, lowest pair sometimes deflexed, veins
forming a costal soriferous series of large areoles (partially
free), marginal veinlets short free clavate, soriferous veinlet
arising from the side of the vein distant from the costule,
sori orbicular rarely oval, nearer the costa than the margin,
rachis beneath often subpaleaceous with orijicular S])irmloso-
dentate scales terminated by a long seta. — ITall. Cat. n.
310. Hook. Ic. PL t. 952 [or Century of Ferns, t. 52).
Metteii. Polyp, p. 75. P. Fieldingianum, Kze. Herb. Met-
ten. Polyp, p. 75.

Ilab. Nepal and Kamaon, Wallich. Khasya, alt. 4000-6000 feet, and Sikkim,
^WQ-\\,i}m UeX, Hooker fil. and Thomson. .iwnXa, Edyeworlh, Griffith. Ka-
maon, alt. 7000 feet, Strachey and Winterbottom. — A pretty, neat species, re-
markable for the copious, black, setaceous clothing to the stipes, and the pecti-
nated fronds.

*** Fronds pinnate (AmericanJ. Sp. 269-277.

269. P. (Goniophlebium) dis.nmile, Linn.; caudex stout
creeping densely clothed with long reticulated subulate and
firmly attenuated blackish scales, stipes 4-6 inches long ra-
ther slender stramineous, fronds 1—2 feet and more long 4-8
inches wide tirm-membranaceous pubescenti-hirsute and sub-
viscid on both sides broad or elongato-oblong pinnate co-
adunately pinnatifid at the apex, pinnee horizontal very com-
monly opposite 2-4 inches long h to nearly | inch wide
subfalcate from a truncated sessile l)ase (the opposite pairs
so close at the base as to appear perfoliate) oblong more or
less obtusely or shar[)ly acuminated entire, lowest pair de-
flexed, veins united into two or three costal series of areoles
of which the lowest alone or two or all three are soriferous,
marginal veinlets free, sori rather small subrotund. — Li/m.

VOL.. V. E

26 POLYPODIUM, § GONIOPHLEBIUM.

Sp. PL V. p. 1549. Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 38. Willcl. Sp. PL v.
p. 1549 {not of Schk.). Lowe, Brit, and Ex. Ferns, ii. p. 35.
Goniophlebium, J. Sm. Polyp, chnoodes, Spreng. Syst.
Veget. iv. p. 53. Metten. Polyp, p. 77- Marginaria, Pr.
Goniophleb., Fee.

Hab. Tropical South America : West Indies, frequent, Schwanecke, L. Guild-
ing, March, Wilson, H Herminier, Dr. Imray, C. Wright, n. 1019; Trinidad, on
Cocoa-trees, Lockhart ; Venezuela. Fe7idler,n. 238. — A most distinct species, re-
markable for its frequently opposite and perfectly horizontal pinnae, looking as if
they were perfoliate. The dense mass of scales of the caudex are peculiar,
glossy and reticulated, as in the leaves of Sphagnum.

270. P. (Goniophlebium) fraximfolium,^ Jacq. ; caudex
creeping or scandent much thicker than a swan's quill, when
young clothed with subulate black imbricated scales of
which the bases alone are persistent centrally attached
with a brown membranaceous margin or wing giving the
appearance of a snake's skin, stipites often stout varying
much in length 1-2 feet long testaceous, fronds oblongo-ovate
10 inches to 2-3 feet and more long 6-18 inches wide sub-
coriaceo-membranaceous pinnated throughout, terminal pin-
na petiolate and often larger than the rest, lateral pinnje
varying in number 4-10 inches long and from |-2 inches
wide sessile from an ol)liquely cuneate sessile base elliptical
or oblongo-lanceolate finely acuminated entire or sinuato-
serrate, primary veins straight and parallel costuliform, op-
posite veinlets uniting so as to form six to eight areoles each
of them including a short usually soriferous veinlet, the sori
(which are rather small) are often disposed in six to eight
longitudinal series and as many obliquely transverse series
as there are costuliform veins with great regularity, marginal
veinlets short free. — Jacq. Ic. Par. t. 639 [small specimen).
Sw. Syn. FiLp. 38. JVilld. Sp. PL x. p. 195. Metten. Po-
lyp, p: 79. P. distans, Raddi, Fil. Bras. p. 21. /. 31. Go-
niophlebium, /. Sm. Polyp, rhizocaulon, JVilld. Sp. PL v.
p. 196. P. Richard! and P. cymatodes, Kze. P. triseriale,
Sw. P. articulatum, Desv. and Kze. {in Herb, nostr.)

Hab. Tropical America, frequent : from the Atlantic to the Pacific, Schlim, n.
121, 656, Linden, n. 174, 524," and 530 ; Venezuela, Fendler, n. 235, 236, 237,
Moritz (" P. rhizocaulon, Willd.") ; Ecuador, Jameson, Spruce, n. 5730 (pinnae

* It is requested that at p. 4 of this vol., sp. 229, line 17, the name "fraxini-
folium, Jacq., Kaulf." be erased, and that of diversifolium, Sw., not Willd., be
substituted; the synonyms of Jacq. Ic, Sw. Syn., and Willd. Sp. also be erased ;
and that, instead of " Goniopteris, Pr." at line 5 from the bottom, Goniopteris
fraxinifolia, Pr., be substituted.

POLYPODIUM, § GONIOPIILEIUUM. 27

10 inches long, 2 inclios wide; " V^rondes magnitudine et substantia valde variant,
nunc rigidic coriaceaj nunc fere membianaceae") ; Peru, Matliews, n. 1839, 1832,
1834, Poeppig {P. arliculatum, Dcsv., Kze.), Spruce, n. 39G4, 40C4 ; Brazil,
Raddi, Gardner, n. 131. — Although an extremely variable plant in size and tex-
ture, this is a species easily recognized, and is remarkable for the numerous sori,
often covering the whole liack of the pinnae except at the margin, and these ar-
ranged with great regularity in one direction parallel with the costa (longitudi-
nal), in the other, with the primary veins or costules (obliquely transverse). P.
adnatum is a very near ally.

271. P. (Gonioj)hlcl)ium) adnatum. Hook.; caudex ?, stipes
9-10 inches and more long glossy-brown as well as the
rachis, fronds 1^-2^ feet and more long 10 inches and
more wide ovate acuminated pinnated membranaceous dark
blackish-green very opaque on the surface minutely downy,
pinnfe 13-17 patent 6-8 inches long 1-H inch wide remote
subelliptico-laiiceolate suddenly subcuspidato-acuminate ob-
scurely serrated moderately attenuated towards the base and
there sensibly decurrent, uppermost pairs opposite and more
decurrent, terminal pinna resembling the rest but long-
])etiolate and very decurrent at its base, primary veins sub-
costuliform approximate straight in direction but flexuose
and scarcely thicker than the veinlets, the opposite veinlets
uniting and forming areoles each having a free included
veinlet terminated by a solitary sorus, sori rather small form-
ing a single series between each pair of primary veins. —
Kze.inKl. Linnoia, xx. p. 395. Met ten. Polyp, ji. 7^.

Hab. ^v\\'\%\\ G\.\\an&, Schomburgk, n. h^i, Appun. New Granada,. &///»n, »(.
320, Moritz, n. 359. Ecuador, Jameson. Guatemala, Skinner. — Some of my
sjjecimens of this so closely resemble the ordinary forms of P. ( Campyloneurum)
decurrens, Raddi, that, without carefully examining the venation, I had placed it
in the same cover with that species ; but it is evidently the P. adnatum of Kunze
and Klotzsch, and may possibly be only a variety of the jireceding, with the
upper pinnae more or less adnate and decurrent.

272. P. (Goniophlebium) menisciifolhw/, Langsd, and
Fisch. ; caudex creeping, stipites 1-2 feet or more long, fronds
ample firm-membranaceous glabrous dark olive-green H-2
feet long oblongo-ovate pinnated throughout, pinnic patent
sessile from an obliquely and very obtusely cuneated base
(of which the superior niargin is more or less rounded) 6-7
inches to a foot long |-1| inches wide oblong or oblongo-
lanceolate acuminate entire or sulisinuate, upper ones more
or less broadly so and opposite, terminal one large, primary
veins straight costuliform, opposite veinlets forming six to
eight areoles each with a free veinlet of which three to five
"from the costa arc sorifcrous thus forminn as manv soral

28 POLYPODIUM, § GONIOPHLEBIUM.

series, sori globose sunk forming pustules on the upper side
with frequently a cretaceous dot in the centre. — Langsd. and
Fisch. Fit. p.\\.t.\2 {verij good). IVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 189.
Metten. Polyp, p. 78. Marginaria, Pr. Goniophlebium, J. Sm.
Polyp, albo-punctatum, Raddi, Fil. Bras. p. 21. /. 30. Kze.

Hah. Brazil, Langsdorff, Raddi. S. Gabriel, on the Amazon, rocks in the falls,
Spruce, n. 2269 (" exhales a strong odour of Anthoxanthum in drying"). Pa-
nama, on the trunk of an Oil-Palm, Sutton Hayes. Trinidad, C. S. Parker. —
I have never received this Fern from any authentic source, and must plead guilty
to my having till recently referred my specimens from Parker, Spruce, and Hayes,
to P. neriifolium, itself a very variable plant. This I find to have much more
membranaceous, greener fronds ; larger pinna3, rarely attenuated at the base ;
smaller sori, arranged in three to five or more series. Perhaps the white creta-
ceous dots are more distinct in the recent plant than in the dried, or Raddi's
name is rather deceptive. Both these species, as well as P . fraxinifolium and P.
adnalum, have peculiarly straight, costuliform, primary veins, and veinlets uniting
at an angle so as to form several seiies of areoles, of which those near the mar-
gin are rarely soriferous. P. menisciifolium has the longest and narrowest pinnse
of the three, the veins and veinlets are more elevated and conspicuous, and the
sori form more prominent warts or tubercles on the upper side.

273. P. (Goniophlebium) neriifoUum, Sw. ; caudex stout
creeping knotted paleaceous with large brown broad-lanceo-
late acuminated scales paler and jagged at the margin, sti-
pites 4 inches to a span or a foot long reddish testaceous,
frond ovate a span to 2 feet and more long 8-10 inches wide
coriaceous generally very rigid brownish-green when dry
glabrous 0])aque but glossy on the surface distinctly veined
pinnate to the very apex, pinnae 4-8-12 inches long ^-1 and
rarely 1^ inch wide sessile from a more or less tapering and
unequally cuneated base oblong or linear-lanceolate gradually
and moderately acuminated narrow calloso-marginate entire
or subsinuate, primary veins straight costuliform prominent
on both sides, the veinlets forming six to eight series of uni-
form areoles with a free veinlet included, one to four of the
costal ones soriferous, sori large subglobose impressed form-
ing distinct pustules on the upper side. — P. neriifolium, Siv,
Syn. Fil. p. S'J. Schk. Fil. p. 14. t. 15 {very characteristic,
but the sori too small). Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 194. Raddi,
Fil. Bras. p. 22. ^.31 bis {very good). Metten. Polyp, p. 78.
Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 70 B {venation and soi'i very fait Iiful).

Hab. Tropical America, Atlantic to the Pacific: Brazil, most abundant, Gard-
ner, 11. 26 a7id 1219, IJ'aUich, n. 307 ; Peru, Mathevjs, n. 3287; Ecuador, See-
mann (some pinna; 1| inch broad) ; Caraccas, Linden, n. 527, Morifs, n. 352;
Venezuela, Fendler, n. 240, 804; West Indies, L'Herminier, Lockhart, n. 41,
Dr. Imray, n. 70, M'Fadyen. — P. Preslianum, Lk., is probably not difl'erent
from this, and under that Rlettenius (Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 33) enumerates P. poly-
.stichum, P. disians, P. jnglandifolimn, P. jiustidalum, P. longifolium, and P.

POI.YPODIUM, '5' GONIOniLEBIUM. 29

pt/cnosoriim of gardens! I have alluded to its relationship with P. menisciifo-
lium, but 1 believe tbey are truly distinct.

274. P. (Gonioplilel)ium) GuatemaJense, Hook. ; caudex ?,
stipes a span to a foot long stramineous as well as the rachis,
fronds 2-3 feet long a foot or more broad firm-membrana-
ceous glabrous pinnated, pinnre rather distant 6-8 inches
long 1-1 :r wide sessile alternate elliptico-oblong more or less
acuminated entire or very ol)scurely serrated oljtusely rotun-
dato-cuneate at the base, uppermost ones more or less adnata
and even decurrent, ultimate jjinna petiolate or sometimes
coadunate at the l)ase with the one next below it, veins form-
ing a single fertile series of large costal areoles in which the
free soriferous veinlct arises from the point of junction of
the primary vein and the costa, more rarely an elongated
sterile arcole is formed between the fertile one and the costa
and parallel with it (as shown in the figure of Mr. Moore,
Ind. Fil. t. 58. f. 4), there are besides copious small areoles
without order between the soriferous ones and the margin
with or without an included free veinlet, but all sterile, sori
consequently in one series a little distance from the rachis. —
Phlebodium insequale, Moore, hid. Fil. I. c. Polyp. ina3quale,
Lowe, Brit, and Exot. Ferns, ii. /. 28 {not of Link). Gonio-
phlebium, J. Sni.

llah. Guatemala, Skiiuier. — I am not aware that any description of this fine
and very distinct Fern exists. It ajjpoars to be scarcely known except in gardens.
I am so fortunate as to possess a native specimen from Guatemala, to which Mr.
Moore has attached his name of Phlebodium incpqnale, and of which his figure
(1. c.) of a fragment represents one form of the venation.

2/5. P. (Goniophlebium) Chacapoyense, Hook.; caudex
creeping paleaceous with brown ovato-lanceoiate very glossy
scales, stipites approximate 4-7-8 inches long reddish-stra-
mineous glossy, fronds 6-10 inches long H-2 inches wide
firm subcoriaceo-mend^ranaceous (young fronds jnibescently
tomentose) dark-green above pale beneath oblong acumi-
nate pinnate, piniue numerous sessile erecto-patent 1 1-2^
inches long \ of an inch wide (terminal one 3 inches long)
linear-oblong very obtuse entire, veins very conspicuous on
the pale under side very pellucid forming a single costal
series of soriferous areoles, the rest of the veinlets are mar-
ginal and free, sori (young) orbicular intermediate between
the costa and the margin. (Tab. CCLXXXl.)

Ilal). Sesuja, Chacapoyas, Pern, Mathews, n. 3278. — This, as may be seen by
our fignrc, is very unlike any Fern with which we arc acquainted, especially any
Polypodium of the Goniophlebium section.

30 POLYPODIUM, § GONIOPHLEBIUM.

276. P. (Gonioplilebium) Surrucuchense, Hook. ; caudex
stout creeping paleaceous with large lanceolate glossy reticu-
lated long acuminated scales, stipites 4-5 inches to a foot
long brown-stramineous, fronds firm-coriaceous bright-green
paler beneath glaljrous G inches to 2 feet and more long 4
inches to a foot and more wide broad-ovate long-caudato-
acuminate pinnated to the very apex (terminal pinna much
elongated and long-petioled), pinnae distant 7-8 to 27, lateral
ones sessile 3-6 inches and more long \-% of an inch liroad
from a cuneate sessile base linear-oblong much and finely
acuminate entire or subsinuate, venation always pellucid,
veins forming a single costal series of fertile areoles, the rest
of the \ einlets free, sori very orbiculari-globose ranged close
to the costa. — Hook. Ic. PL t. 69 {arm. 1837), smull speci-
meti. P. andinum, Karst. FL Columb. p. 171. t. 85, very
good {ann. 1861).

Hab. Tropical America : Ecuador, Surrucuchu, Jameson ,- Tungiiragua, on
trees, Spruce, n. 5241, and Bancs, n. 5238 ; Bogota, Karslen ; Venezuela, Fend-
ler, n. 413 ; Jamaica, 7l/r. IViles ; Dominica, Dr. Imrai/, n. 112.— My first know-
ledge of this handsome species, of a bright-green colour, with pellucid veins and
large ferruginous sori, was derived from a small specimen sent by Professor Jame-
son ; since that I have received it from other regions of tropical America, yet I
can find no description to accord with it till very recently, 18G1, when a fine
figure ap])ears, among many other long-described but supposed new species of
Ferns, under the name of P. andinum, Karst.

277' P- (Goniophlebium) plectolepis, Hook.; "caudex
creeping clothed with ferruginous lanceolate ciliated scales,
stipites 15 inches long glabrescent glossy brown, fronds co-
riaceous 4 feet long 1 foot wide elongato-lanceolate pinnate,
pinnae alternate patulous subopposite below horizontal dis-
tant 6-7 inches long decreasing towards the base \-\^ of an
inch wide linear-lanceolate acute sessile obliquely and broadly
cuneate at the base, the margin rotundato-crenate, costa pro-
minent on both sides, veins obscure five- or six-furcate,
veinlets forming a series of elongato-pentagonal areoles, sori
near the costa rather large ferrugineous uniseriate, rachis
costa and pinnae on both sides finely pubescent, down easily
deciduous, rachis bisulcate in front rounded at the back.'^
Liebrn. Goniophlebium, Moore, in Herb. Hook. Polyjj. in-
signe, Liebvi. Fil. Mex. p. 41 {not BL).

Hab. Totutla, Mexico, Liebmann. — My specimens from Liebmann well accord
with his description. In habit it perhaps comes nearest to our P. Surrucuchense,
but it attains a much larger size, has less coriaceous pinnse, stiongly serrated and
less acuminated, the venation is difif'cient, and the veins very opaque, and it wants
the long, terminal, distinct pctiolated pinn.c of that species.

POLYl'ODIUM, § GONIOPflLEIJIUM. 31

**** Fronds pinnate (IndianJ. Sp. 278-282.

278. P. (Goniophlebium) verrucosum. Wall. ; caudex long
stout creeping very paleaceous, stipites 1^ foot and more long,
fronds 2-3 feet long oblongo-acuminatc firm-niembranaceous
drooping, pinnae numerous but distant 6-9 inclies long 1-H
inch broad oblong costate articulate upon the rachis sud-
denly and shortly cuspidato-acuniinate entire or serrated
chiefly towards the apex nearly sessile, the base obliquely
cuneate, primary veins slender but straight and parallel cos-
tuliform forming with the anastomosing veins four or five
series of areoles each with a free included veinlet but of
which the lowest series only is soriferous, sori in a single
series next the costa sunk in a deep cavity having a corre-
sponding pustule on the upper side, capsules long stipitate
mixed with paraphyses. — Wall. Cat. n. 296. Metten. Polyp.
J). SI. Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 41. Marginaria, Hook. Gen.
F'll. t. 10 J?. Goniophlebium, /. Sni. — ^; pubescenti-vil-
lous (young).

Hab. Penang and Singapore, JValUch. Amboyna, n. 54, and Ceram and Java,
n. 52 mid 73, JJe Vriese and Teijsmann. Luzon, Cuming, n. 227. /8. Luzon, n.
29L — A distinct and very handsome species, with rich-brown sori parallel with
and near the costa, the costa sunk in a deep cavity or l)ag, forming a prominent
corresponding pustule or sack on tlie opposite side of the pinna.

279. P. (Goniophlebium) gr^ and 1 dens, Kze. ; " caudex
creeping densely clothed with ovate acuminato- setose rufb-
fucous scales, stipites stramineous sparsely (at the insertion
of the pinna3 more densely) paleaceous at length glabrous
glossy reddish, frond 2-6 feet long membranaceous firm
opaque-green glabrous elongato-lanceolate ])iniiate, piniuc
4-7 lines long shortly petiolulate from an unequally cuneated
entire base lanceolate or linear-lanceolate acuminate coarsely
serrated, areoles of Goniophlebium three- to five-seriate, the
lowest anterior branch fertile, sori terminal impressed ratlier
large in one series near the costa, sporangia mixed with cla-
vate paraphyses." Metten. — Kze. Bot. Zeit. iv. p. 42.3, and
in Linnaa, xxiii. 7;. 318. Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 33. t. 2.3.
f. 1, 2. P. colpothrix, Kze. in Linnceu, xxiii. p. 316 {Jide

Metten.).

ITab. Java, Zollinger, De Vriese, n. 51 (less coarsely and less unequally ser-
rated, but in other respects similar). — I have seen no authentic example of this
Fern. Tf De Vriese's specimens be the same, I should consider it as a more
coarsely serrated form of P. verrucosum, as P. serraCiJblium, Urack., is of P.
sit/jauricula/um.

32 POLYPODIUM, § GONIOPHLEBIUM.

280. P. (Goniophlebium) cuspidatuvi, Don?; "caudex
creeping paleaceo-crinite/' stipites 8-10 inches or more long
fuscous glossy, frond 2-3 feet long 1 foot wide oblongo-
ovate glabrous firm-membranaceous pinnate, pinnae shortly
petiolate and articulated upon the rachis very patent opposite
or alternate 6-8 inches long i-| inch wide from a gradually
attenuated narrow-cuneate base elongato-lanceolate finely and
long-acuminate serrated entire at the base and at the point,
veins forming two or three series of areoles including a free
veinlet, the costal series only soriferous, sori much nearer
the costa than the margin more or less sunk and forming
more or less distinct pustules on the back. — Don, Fl. Nep.
p. 6 ? Bl. Fil. Jav. p. \']b.f, 82 {very good). Metten. Polyp,
p. 81. Goniophlebium, Pr.

Hah. Nepal (Don). Java, Blume, Thos. Lobb, De Vriese and Teijsmann, n.
51. — This is best distinguished from P. subauriculatum Ijy its very finely acumi-
nated pinnules, which gradually taper into the short articulated petiole. If it is
the P. cuspidatum of Nepal, I have never seen it from that region, nor from the
Indian continent.

281. P. (Goniophlebium) argutum. Wall. ; caudex thick
as a writing-quill squarrose with subulate blackish or brown
glossy scales, stipites 3-4 inches to a span long testaceous-
brown glossy, fronds firm-membranaceous glabrous 1-2 feet
long 8-10 inches broad pinnated, pinnae distant subhorizoii-
tally patent 4-6 inches long ^-| inch wide from a broader
but obtusely and oblique cuneated or subtruncated base (rarely
rotundato-auricled) elongato-oblong acuminate rather ob-
tusely serrated, lower ones often opposite, the rest alternate,
superior ones more or less adnate and decurrent, terminal
one similar to the rest, veins forming a costal series of large
oblong soriferous areoles, marginal veins and those towards
the apex of the pinnas all free, sori orbicular superficial (not
sunk) intermediate between the costa and the margin. —
Wall. Cat. n. 308. Goniophlebium, J. Sm. {no descr.)

Hab. Northern India, chiefly in the Himalaya : Nepal and Kamaon, IVallich,
Madden, Strachey and IVinterbottom (alt. 7000-8000 ieet), Ladt/ Bal/tousie ;
Sikkim (alt. 8000 feet) and Khasya, Hooker fil. and T/tomson, Simons, n. 252 ;
Gowhatty Plains, Thomson. — This appears to be a good species, chiefly confined
to the great Himalayan range, from west to east. One of my specimens from
Khasya has large rounded auricles at the inferior base of the pinnre, occasionally
at the superior base also.

282. P. (Goniophlebium) subauriculatum, Bl. ; caudex creep-
ing stoloniferous densely clothed with narrow acuminato-
setaceous scales subpruinate, stipites a span to a foot and

POLYl'OnmM, § CRASPEDARIA. 33

more long sparingly paleaceous rufous-brovA'n, fronds firm
subcoriaceo-membranaceous glabrous 2-G feet long a foot
and more wide ])innated, pinnre horizontal numerous yet re-
mote 3-4 to 8-10 inches long \ to nearly 5 an inch" wide
shortly petioled and jointed on the rachis from a somewhat
cordate or truncated and occasionally auricled base linear-lan-
ceolate finely and gradually acuminated serrated, veins form-
ing a double costular series of areoles including a free venule
of which the lower series is soriferous, marginal veinlets free,
sori in a single series nearer the costa than the margin form-
ing slightly elevated pustules on the superior side. — Bl. Fil.
Jav. p. 177- t- ^-^ [very gdod). Metien. Fil. Flort. Lips.p.33.
P. Reinwardtii, Kze. {fide Mttten.). Goniophlebium, De
Vriese. G. Pleopeltis, Fee. — Var. /3, serratifolia ; piniue very
coarsely serrated. Goniophlebium serratifolium, Brack. Fil.
U. S. Expl. Exped. p. 35. Polyp, pallens, Bl. Fil. Jav. t. 84.
f.\. J. Sm. Metten. Pohjpod. y^ 81.

Ilab. Java, Blume, Zollinger, Millett, Thos. Lobb, n. 263, De Vriese and Teijs-
mann, n. 48, 53, and 68. Sumatra, De Vriese, n. 56. Luzon, Cuming, n. 244.
Khasya, Simons, n. 282. — /3. Fiji Islands, Brackenridge, Milne, Seemann. Luzon,
Cuming, n. 203. Java, De Vriese. — Tliis is a much larger Fern than the pre-
ceding, P. argutum, with n:uch longer and narrower and more linear pinnae, never
sensibly widened towards the base, and rarely found on the Indian continent.
P. pullens, BL, appears to be a small pubescent state of this species.

§ 7. Craspedaria. — Venation, in some respec/s, of the previous section, Gonio-
phlebium, in a subgenus of which J. Smith and Moore place it ; but the veins
are often difficult to be seen, and certainly variable in different species, and the
habit is very different from that group. It is best recognized by the small
size, simple, nstially dimorphous, and more or less hairy or paleaceous fronds,
and very long, creeping, scaly caudices. — Gen. Craspedaria, Link, Fe'e. Mar-
ginaria, in part, Presl. Sp. 283-290.

283. P. (Craspedaria) piloselloides, Linn. ; caudex very
long creeping or scandent filiform branched setaceously rufo-
paleaceous, stipites ^^-1^ inch long slender, fronds sparse sub-
coriaceous clothed more or less on Ijoth sides with rufous subu-
lato-setaceous appressed at length deciduous scales ; sterile
ones |-3 inches long ^-| inch wide ovate and acute or lan-
ceolate and acuminate ; fertile ones 1-3 inches long linear-
lanceolate, veins copiously anastomosing forming large oblong
oblique costal areoles including a free veinlet soriferous at
the apex few areoles near the margin, sori densely squaniu-
lose.— Linw. Sp. PL p. 1542. Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 25. Willd.
Sp. PI. V. p. 144. Metten. Polypod. p. 93. Hook. Gard.
Ferns, t. 18. Marginaria, Pr. Tent. Pterid. p. 187. t. 7-/- 24

VOL. V. V

34 POLYPODIUM, § CRASPEDARIA.

and 24 [venation very good). Goniophlebiuin, /. Sm. Cras-
pedaria, Fee. — Plum. Fit. t. 118. — Var. /3, moniliformis ; fronds
narrow linear moniliform from the copious sori projecting
beyond the margins. Polyp. Cayennense, Desv. Journ. Bot.
\\.p.257, Met ten. Poly pod. p. 93 . P. ciiiatum ?, JVilld.—\a.x. y,
uuriseta; fronds especially the fertile ones villous with long
aureo-ferruginous dense hair-like scales. P. aurisetum, Raddi,
Fit. Bras. p. 12. t. 23. f. 1, Metten. Polyp, p. 94. P. Margi-
naria, Pr. Craspedaria, Fee. Crasp. Gestasiana, Fee, 6me
Mem. Foug. Nouv. p. 15. t. 4./. 2. Polypod. piloselloides,
Raddi, Sijn. Fit. p. 46. P. tectum, Kaulf.

' Hah. Tropical America, frequent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and in the
West Indian islands. — I think I am correct in referring the three forms to one
species.

284. P. (Craspedaria) lycopodioides, Linn. ; caudex long
creeping or scandent clothed with ferruginous (at length
bleached) subulato-lanceolate densely imbricated scales, sti-
pites \-\ inch long, fronds scattered firm coriaceo-submem-
branaceous (sometimes sparsely scaly beneath near the costa)
petioled of two kinds ; sterile ones 2-4 inches long h- nearly
1 inch broad elliptical-oblong cuneate at the base obtuse ;
fertile ones 4-6 inches long ^-4 an inch wide linear-lanceo-
late obtusely acuminated subsinuate at the margin, sori copious
in two series on each side the costa but rather nearer to the
margin than to the costa, venation anastomosing so as to
form oblong areoles at and parallel with the costa sometimes
including short free veinlets and a second series of large ob-
lique areoles near the middle including anastomosing veinlets
(most copious on the sterile fronds) togetiier with the sorus
which is dorsal or rarely terminal or compital, the rest of the
areoles variable in size and shape and generally including
free veinlets. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1542. Stv. Syn. Fil. p. 25.
Metten. Polyp, p. 97. Pleopeltis, Pr. Tent. Pterid. p. 19.3.
t. 7-f' 3 and 4 {good as to venation). Phlebodium, J. Sm.
Drynaria, Fee. Pol. vacciniifolium, Raddi, Fil. Bras. p. 13.
t. 23./. 2. Pleopeltis Corcovadense, Pr. Fil. t. 1 19.— Var. /3,
latifolia; sterile fronds shorter broader suborbicular often quite
sessile. Polyp, lagopodioides ?, Desv. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 259.
/. 40. P. Owariense ?, Desv. Journ. Bot. p. 258. — Var. 7, sa-
licifolia ; fronds linear-lanceolate sterile and fertile nearly
uniform. Polypod. salicifolium, JVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 149, and
Herb. Willd. n. 19603. Kl. in Linncea, xx. p. 493, sub Pol.

POLYPODIUMj § CRASPEDAKIA. 35

lycopodioid. 3Ietten. Poli/po'Lp. dG. P. Surinamense,/ar(7.
Co//.m. p. 285. t. 2\.f.4. Pleopeltis, Pr. Polypod. squamu-
losum, Kaulf. En. Fil. /;, 89.

Hab. Tropical America : West Indies, Jamaica, Dominica, Brazil, Gardner, n.
195, Raddi,n. 24 ; South Brazil, Mr. Fox, n. 10."5 ; Peru, Mathews, n. 128, 1029
(in this costal areoles are rarely found and the sori are near the costa). Natal,
Snnde7-son. Tropical Africa : Grand Bassa, Vogpl, n. 78 ; banks of the Nun, G.
Mann; Mauritius, Zjoh/oh. — j8. Tropical Africa; Wra^a, Barter, in Baikie's Niger
Exp. n. 9 and 1815 ; Fernando Po, Barter, n. 1448, 1736, G. Mann. It is pro-
bably the same form which constitutes the P. lar/opodioides from Bourbon, and
the P. Oirariense of Desvaux. — y. Tropical America, frequent : Brazil, Gardner,
n. 5921, Raddi, n. 23, in Herb, nostr. ; Guiana, Schomburgk,n. 302, Sagot, n.
714 ; Ecuador, Jameson, n. 738, Spruce, n. 5733 ; New Granada, Moritz, n. 303 ;
Cuba, Wright, n. 1023. — Of this species, I apprehend the normal state is dimor-
phous ; but Dr. Klotzsch has ascertained that the P. salicifolium, Willd., is not
specifically different from P. Igcopodioides. The venation is not easily described,
nor do I find it to be by any means constant in what I consider to he one and
the same species. Included veinlets, that are free in some cases, in ntliers are
lengthened out and unite with the opposite side of the areoles ; this often hajipens
in the costular areole ; sometimes the free vcinlet has two divaricating branches,
or sometimes reflexed or even revolute blanches. Accurate figures alone can make
such venation intelligible to the student of Ferns.

285. P. (Craspedaria) vacciniifolium, Fisch. and Langsd. ;
caudex long creeping or scandent branched clothed with
dense subulato-setaceous fibrillose scales, fronds distant sub-
coriaceous short stipitate of two kinds ; sterile short h an
inch to 2 inches long ^-^ an inch wide suborbicular or ellip-
tical very obtuse ; /er^i/e elongated 2-4 inches long ^ inch
broad linear obtuse, veins anastomosing forming large oblong
(suborbicular) oblique costal areoles including a free veinlet
bearing a sorus at the apex, marginal areoles few and exap-
pendiculate intermediate between the costa and the margin
slightly impressed. — Fisch. and Lavgsd. Fil. p. 8. t. 7 [very
good). Willd. Sp. PI. {not Raddi). Met ten. Fit. Hort. Lips.
/?. 31, Polypod. y^. 94. Marginaria, Pr. Goniophlebium, J.
Sm. Craspedaria, Li)ik.

Hab. Tropical America : Brazil, frequent, Gardner, n. 5GG6 ; Venezuela, Fend-
ler, n. 248 ; Jamaica, Bancroft.

28(). P. (Craspedaria) serpens, Sw. ; caudex long creeping
or scandent subtiliform paleaceous with subulate ferruginous
scales, sti[ntes ^-1 inch long, fronds subdimorphous both
kinds varying much in size but the fertile one generally
smaller than the sterile membranaceous subpellucid 2-4
inches long lanceolate or linear-lanceolate or broad-lanceo-
late and then often sinuato-pinnatifid acuminate atlenuatcd
at the base, venation evident reticulated and forming oblique

36 POLYPODIUMj § CRASPEDARIA.

oblong areoles of which the costal ones (except in the nar-
rowest forms) are sterile, a second series of longer ones in-
cludes a solitary free soriferous veinlet, no other free vein-
lets except at the margin, sori forming a single series halfway
between the costa and the margin. — Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 26.
Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 148. Metten. Polyp, p. 95. /. 2. /. 5 {vena-
tion only, but the areoles are not like those in our specimens).
Pleopeltis, Pr. Phlebodium, J. Sm.—Plum. Fil. t. 121 and 2}

Hab. Martinique, Plumier. Cuba, Pappig, in Herb, nosfr., Linden, n. 1883,
Oi(o, n. 48, C. U'riyht, n. 799. — All my specimens from Cuba (and I have never
seen it from any other place), though varying in the size of the fronds, are pretty
uniform in general character and in venation.

287. P- (Craspedaria) geminatum, Schrad. ; caudex scan-
dent hard and woody subdichotomously divided paleaceous
with membranaceous rusty scales and bearing short branches
which have geminate fronds, stipes scarcely any, fronds
scarcely dimorphous (the larger and smaller ones bear sori)
coriaceous opaque 3-6 inches long lanceolate acute or obtuse
entire or slightly sinuated, veins sunk and indistinct, the cos-
tular veins meet and form large primary areoles which extend
more than halfway to the margin and include the sori which
are compital on the veins of the secondary areoles (hence a
Phy7natodes)., sori rather distant forming a series halfway
between the costa and the margin much sunk and forming
pustules on the opposite side. — '■^Schrad. Gott.g. Anz. 1824,
867." Metten. Polyp, p. 97- t. 2.ff. 14, 15. P. stigmaticum,
Kze.f non Pr. P. iteophyllum, Link. Drynaria, /. Sm.

Hab, Brazil, Martins, in Herb, nosfr., Booij. — I have drawn up my character
of this species from a specimen of Dr. Von Martius (who is mentioned as an
authority by Mettenius) and another exactly corresponding with it from Mr.
Boog. If it be of the Craapedaria group it has the largest fronds of any, for
they almost vie with those of P.persicariaifoUum.

288. P. (Craspedaria) stigmaticum, Pr. ; caudex very long
creeping slender the younger shoots paleaceous with subu-
late long and finely pointed ferruginous scales, stipites
scarcely any, fronds always solitary and not arising from
short branches remote firm membranaceous scarcely dimor-
phous glabrous 4-5 inches long exactly lanceolate acuminate
moderately tapering at the base the margin quite entire, ve-
nation manifest slightly prominent and very conspicuous
when seen between the eye and the light quite resembling
that of P. geminatum (and of a Phymatodes) tlie costular
venation being more evident, sori compital forming a single

POLYPODIUM, § CRASPEDARIA. 37

series between the costa and the margin. — Pr. Reliq. Hank.
p. 20. t. 3. /. 2. Metten. Polyp, p. 97. P. venosum, Lowe,
Ferns, p. 1. t. 35. " Phlebodium," Moore and Iloulslon.

Hub. Central America, Cumiiiff, n. 1169. — Presl and Lowe's fijjures well re-
present this plant and its conspicuous venation. In that particular, and in the
general shape of the frond, this and the preceding species have a great similarity,
but not in other particulars.

289. P. (Craspedaria?) nuinmul avium, Metten.; caudex
slender long creeping branched setose with imbricated sul)u-
late scales, fronds sparse subcarnoso-coriaceous ghil)rous di-
morphous ; sterile stipitate ^-'^ of an inch long orbicular-ovate
very obtuse crenated at distant intervals with very narrow clefts
or sinuses the surface cellular with raised crystaUine dots
obscurely costate, costa channelled above, stipes j of an inch
long, veins sunk very obscure anastomosing " with areoles of
Doodia" (Metten.) ; fertile fronds 3 inches long very narrow-
linear subsinuated on extremely slender stipites nearly as
long as the fronds, costa slender prominent beneath, " veins
anastomosing and forming unequal elongated areoles in 2-3
series" (Metten.), sori in my specimen in two series close to
the costa. — Metten. Pohjp. p. \05. Marginaria, P/*. Gonio-
phlebium, Moore. Crypsinus, Pr. Epini. Craspedaria, Fee,
6me Mem. Fouff. Nouv. p. 16. t. 5.f. 3. Drynaria neglecta,
/. Sm., in Hook.Bot. Journ. iii. p. 397 {not of Blume ?). Polyp.
pyroliEfolium, Goldm.

Hal). Luzon, Cuming, n. 121. — A very graceful and peculiar species, hut of
which the true nature of the venation is obscure : and hence, doul)tless, the dif-
ferences in the figures of Foe and Mettenius. Tlie crenatures of the frond are
remarkable, exhibiting fissures in the margin, with very broad teeth between them.
The surface also exhibits a great number of very minute crystalline points. The
species appears to have been found only by Cuming.

290. P. (Craspedaria?) neg/ectum, Bl. ; "fronds minute
coriaceous margined remotely crenulate single-nerved (cos-
tate) veinless glabrous ; sterile ones obovato-rotundate; /ey*-
tile ones spathulate longer stipitate, sori solitary, caudex
creeping paleaceo-setaceous." — Bt. En. Fit. Jav. p. 121, Fit.
Jav. p. ].'33. t. 54./! 1. Microterus, Pr. Epim. Bat. p. 12 4.
Plcopeltis, Moore. Craspedaria calva. Fee, Gen. Fit. p. 2G4.

Ilab. Java, Blume. Luzon, il/p//eH.— The caudex and sterile fronds (1-1. V inch
high) of this plant very much resemble those of Pol. nummularium, but the fer-
tile troiids are shorter and broader. Presl. in bis last work on Ferns, consiflered
it worthy of constituting a new genus. There are other supposed species of this
{Craspedaria) group, under Craspedaria, Marginaria, Pleopellis.ctc, but fliey are
imperfectly described, and I can oiler little or no satisfactory opinion aliout tiicm.

38 POLYPODIUM, § CAMPYLONEURON.

§ 8. Campyloneuron. — Primary veins or costules pinnate, parallel, connected
by curvpd or angled transverse veins, forming areoles that include 2 or tnore

free soriferous veinlets ,■ sometimes a central veinlet is prolonged and unites
with the transverse vein above. Fronds simple, often large, in one instance

pinnate. — Gen. Campy loneurum, Pr. and others. Cyrtophlebium, Br. J. Sm.
Sp. 291-297.

291. P. (Campyloneuron) Phyllitldis, Linn.; caudex short
stout creeping very much underground partially paleaceous
at length glabrous, stipites aggregated short, generally in ma-
ture specimens stout but variable often none, fronds 1-2-3
feet long 1-3 inches and more wide coriaceous rigid glabrous
generally glossy on both sides often with cretaceous dots
above opaque or submembranaceous elongato-lanceolate or
lato- or subobovato-lanceolate gradually or suddenly acumi-
nated rarely obtuse much attenuated and decurrent at the
base often down to the caudex, the margin entire or subsinu-
ose slightly thickened at the very edge, areoles 6-12-14 (va-
rying with the breadth of the frond) divided transversely into
two by a veinlet each one bearing a sorus. — Var. a, Linnce-
ana ; fronds elongato-lanceolate 1-3 inches wide. Plum.FU.
t. 130 and 131. P. Phyllitidis, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1543. Sw.
Syn. Flip. 28. Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 157. Campyloneuron,
Pr. Cyrtophlebium, /. Sm. Campyloneurum Sieberianum
and undulatum, Pr. C. Moritzianum, Fee. Polyp, repens,
Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 34. t. 24. /. 1, 2 [figure and de-
scription excellent). Polypod. brevifolium, Link and Mette-
nius. P. costatum, Kze. in Linncea, ix. p. 38. Metten.
Polyp. p. 84 {veins sunk, obscure). Campyloneurum macroso-
ruin, Fee. — Var. (3, lata ; fronds longer broader upwards 3-4
and more inches wide. Campyloneurum latum, Moore, Lnd.
Fil. p. 25, note. C. nitidum, /. Sm. Cat. of Cult. Ferns [fide
Moore).

Hab. Tropical America, chiefly, I believe, confined to the Atlantic side and
the Caribl)ean seas ; from Porto AleE;re, in South Brazil, to Jamaica, in the north,
particularly abundant in the West Indian islands. — Var. ,3 inhabits the same re-
gions: for example. New Grenada, Holton, n. 34, Fendler, n. 227 and 392 (" P.
Phyllitidis, Eat:'), Schlim, n. 274. Brazil, Gardner, n. 5291. British Guiana,
Appim, n. 13^. G iidde\oupe, L'Herminier. Central America, C?«/wm^, m. 1206,
Seemann, n. 2 (C. Phyllitidis, J. Sm.) ; Jamaica, Purdie ; Cuba, Linden, n. 1900,
" C. Phyllitidis." St. Vincent, L. Guilding (very large). Nicaragua, C. Wright,
Herb. U. S. N. Pacif. Erpl. Exp. (" C. repens, Eat.'"). Acatamas, Hindes. Ecua-
dor, foot of Chimhorazo, alt. 3000 feet, Spnice,n.b2\^. — A striking and hand-
some Fern, but which has given rise to great confusion in consequence of the exag-
gerated figures of Plumier. His representations of P. Phyllitidis (t. 130 and 131),
the original authority for that species, are tolerably satisfactory ; but his figure
of P. repens, for which species he is also authority, is so exaggerated and so
clumsy that not a few botanists have confounded the tAvo, and Mettenius, as may

POLYI'OIJIUM, § C AMPYLOXEHUOX. 39

bft snen by his figurp and description, has given P. repenx* (see his Fil. Ilort. Lips,
t. 24. f. 1, 2) for P. Phi/lliliili.i, Ixit ignored the figure of Piumier, while he re-
fers to Phini. t. 130, for P. P/n/lUtidis ; and tlie P. repenn of most authors is his
P. ccespitostim, Lk. Witli regard to Mr. Moore's Campijlon. latum, I possess nu-
merous specimens so named l)y the author ; hut I do not see that his very long spe-
cific character justifies its separation from P. Phyllitidiit. "It is larger in every
way," he says, " than any of the forms referred to C. PhylUlidis, though near to
this plant, as figured hy Piumier ; and as it cannot be satisfactorily referred to any
of the pul)lished species, it is here placed under a name which indicates one of its
chief peculiarities." — I ])ossess a var. of P. PhijlUlidis, from Jamaica (Purdie),
which is several times dichotomously branched, even from near the base. A less
remarkable form is given by Plum. t. 131.

292. P. (Campyloneuron) rcpens, Linn.; caudex slender
rarely much thicker than a crow's quill branched tortuous
often much entangled on the ground and on trunks of trees,
the young portions paleaceous witli subulate deciduous scales,
stipites remote usually elongated and slender but varying
from 1-4 or 5 inches long stramineous, fronds a span to nearly
2 feet long |-2^ inches wide firni-rnembranaceous or sub-
coriaceo-membranaceous opaque (not glossy) oblongo lanceo-
late more or less acuminate and more or less attenuated and
decurrent at the base sometimes near to the caudex, primary
veins or costules straight remote, areoles 5-8 or 10 each un-
divided and each bearing (except the costal areole which has
only one) 2 remote soriferous veinlets rarely more, sori small
biserial between the costular veins. — Pluvi. Fil. 1. 134 [exagge-
rated in size) . Siv. Syn. Fil. p. 29, and JFiUd. Sp. Plant, v.
p. 156 {according to their references to Piumier). Campylo-
neuron repens, Pr. Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 'Jl A. Cyrtophlebium,
/. Sm. C. caespitosum, Lk., Fee, J. Sm. Metten. Fil. Hort.
Lips. p. 34. t. 24. /. 4, 5 {very good). Polyp, chrysopodon,
Kl. P. oligophlebium, Kze. P. nitidum, Ktfs. En. Fil. p. 92,
Kze.,Fee. Metten. Polyp, p. S^. Campyl. polyanthum, Pr.,
and C. crispum. Fee.

Hab. Tropical South America ; from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and thronjrh-
out the West Indies. — This indeed varies much in size, but I have never seen
such a coarse specimen as Piumier represents. Mettenius's figure of P. ccpxpifo-
sum well exhibits a medium-sized specimen. Some with smaller and narrower
fronds than usual, very much resemble P. fCampylnneurumJ fasciale, but the
venation is very different. My specimens of " P. fasciale. Eat.,'' from Fendler,
Planta; Venezuel. n. 229 and n. 230, and of Richard Schomburgk, from British
Guiana, are P. repens. Again, Spruce's specimens from Tarapota, Eastern Peru,
n. 3912, 4G46, and 4647, and from Chimborazo, though resembling P. fasciale,

* It is just possible that as his figure represents one of the larger forms of
P. PhyUitidis, he may have had Mr. Moore's Campyl. latum in view. If so, Mr.

Moore does not acknowledge it.

40 " POLYPODIUM, § CAMPYLONEURON.

are truly P. repens. I do not see how P. nilidum, Klfs. (by no means a glossy
plant) is any way distinct from P. repem.

293. p. (Campyloneuron) angustifoRum, Sw. ; "caudex
creeping aboveground paleacous with ovato-acuminate black-
brown scales at length glabrous, fronds 1-H foot long 3-6
lines wide coriaceous glabrous linear-lanceolate attenuated at
the base and decurrent at the insertion of the stipes, at the
apex gradually and long-acuminated the margin entire and
revolute (most so when dry), primary veins immersed directed
at an acute angle from the costa forming areoles which are
bi-triseriate, sori bi-triseriate in the direction of the costa
biseriate between the costules" {Mett en. under P. teeniosum).
— P. angustifolium, 8w. Syn. Fil. ;j. 27- Willcl. Sp. PI. v.
p. 153. Raddi, Fil. Bras. p. 14. /. 24./. 2. Marginaria, Pr.
Cyrtophlebium, /. Sm. Goniophlebium, Brack. Campy-
Ion eurum, J. Sin. Moore, Ind. Fil. {ivhere see a copious list
of synonyms). Polyp, tseniosum, H. B. K. in TVilld. Sp. PL
V. p. 155. Metten. Fit. Hort. Lips. p. 34. t. 24. /. 6. a, b,
and Metten. Pohjpod. "j9. 82, in part, t. 1. /. 52 arid 54"
{Moore), excluding var. y. P. ensifolium, Willd. Gonio-
phlebium, Brack. P. leucorhizon, Kl. in Limuea, xx. p. 400,
and in Hb. nostr. P. dimorphum, Lk. P. solutum, Kl. Kze.
in Schk. Fil. Suppl. p. 42. t. 117-/. 2. Goniophlebium, Fee.
P. amphostemon, Kze.

Hab. Tropical America, localities almost universal. I may select a few from
n)y herbarium chiefly for the authorities, and in some instances for the names.
West Indies: Jamaica, Purdie, Har/tvpc/, n. 1492, M'Fadyen, Wilson, w. 543,
Poeppig (P. angustif., Kze) ; Cuba, C. Wright, n. 747, 801 (" P. vexatum. Eat.,"
who quotes Campyl. Cubense, Fee, as the same, n. 800, " P. tseniosum "), Linden,
n. 1912, 1913; Brazil, Tweedie, Fox (Rio Grande), Sellow, Gardner, n. 136,
5290, " C. amphostemon," Moore. New Grenada, Schlim, n. 725, 647, and 648,
Otto, n. 635 (" P. taeniosum, Willd."), Ftinck, n. 205 and 555. Guiana, Richard
Schomburgk, n. 136 b. "P. leucorhizon, Klf." (an inch wide, copious sori irre-
gularly scattered) , il/on7z, n. 120 b. " P. amphostemon, Kze.," and n. 310. " P.
solutum, Klf.," Moritz, n. 337. " P. tenuifolium, H. B. A'., Kze." Guatemala,
Skinner. Mexico, Galeotti, n. 6408, 6283, Liebmann (" P. angustif."). Peru,
Mathews, n. 698, ex Herb. Ruiz and Pav., Lechler, n. 2034, " P. tseniosum, W.'"
Ecuador, Jameson, n. 233 and 732, a foot long, scarcely a line wide. Spruce, alt.
6-7000 feet, n. 5246. Antisana, Hartiveg, n. 1493. — The above references are
to specimens varying in length and breadth of the fronds, in texture, and I fear,
too, not a little in the nature of the venation, the large costal areoles being some-
times the only ones with a few free marginal veinlets, at other times there are 2-3
imperfectly arranged series with 1-2 sonferous included veinlets ; hence the sori are
sometimes in a single series, quite as in Goniophlebium, at other times they are
copious and scattered. Some of the broader-fronded and more membranaceous
states, myself and others are hardly able to distinguish from P.fasciale. — Seethe
copious observations of Fee, on this and several of its allied (supposed) species, in

41

his valuable Mem. sur les Foug. Notiv. p. 128. I wish I could say tlicy have
tended to clear up the great difficulty of the synonymy.

294. P. (Campyloneuron) lucidum, Beyr. Hb. ; caudcx
creeping thick much-branched, young branches partially
scaly the rest naked, stipites aggregated 1-2 inches long,
fronds 6 inches to a foot long i-J of an inch wide oblongo-
or linear-lanceolate glabrous moderately thick carnoso-coria-
ceous (very fragile when living) singularly glossy as if var-
nished when dry moderately tapering at the base, the margin
scarcely thickened, strongly costate chiefly fertile in the upper
half, veins immersed primary veins not costuliform, primary
large areoles costular a secondary but very irregular series of
smaller ones not extending to the margin constitute the rest,
these are subquadrangular with here and there a small trian-
gular one, no free marginal veinlets, every areole has its free
i>!cluded soriferous veinlet, the costal one has generally a
forked veinlet with the sori at the junction of the branches.
— Campyloneurum lucidum, ^' Moore, in Sim, Cat. of Ferns,
1858." C. rigidum, /. Sm. Cult. Ferns, p. 13. Polypod. ni-
tidum. Hook, [not Kaulfs.) Fit. Exot. t. \2 [excluding all the
synonyms). P. taeniosum, 7, Metten. Folyp.j). 82.

Hah. Brazil (Bpyrich), Sellow (" Campyl. nitidum, A7." in Herb, nostr.),
Ladi/ Culcott, M'Rae, Swainson. — If there were no other character, the singularly
vernicose surface of the dried specimen would always distinguish this species.

295. P. (Campyloneuron) /ama/e, Willd. ; caudex creep-
ing more or less paleaceous at length naked, stipites often
aggregated varying from almost none to 4-6 inches in length
stramineous, fronds firm-membranaceous or subcoriaceous
opaque glabrous .3-4 inches to 1-1 1 foot long ^-If i'lch wide
elongato- or spathulato-lanceolate acuminate gradually taper-
ing from above the middle downwards so as often to form a
long and decurrent wing on the stipes, venation usually indis-
tinct, primary veins distant anastomosing so as to form a series
of large costal areoles including a free veinlet and one or two
rarely more irregular and more or less arched series between
the costal one and the margin including 1-.3 soriferous vein-
lets, sori usually small and mostly irregularly scattered over
the back of the frond.— fnild. Sp. PI. v. p. 15G. Metten.
Polyp, p. 82. Campyloneuron, Pr. Polvp. lapathifolium,
Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 28. ff'illd. Sp. PI. v. p. 'iGO. Kaddi, Fil.
Bras. p. 15. /. 24. /. .3. P. lanciforme, Pr., and Campano-
leuron lanciforme, Pr., Tent. Pterid. p. 19./. 7-/- 15 [venation

VOL. V. o

42 POLYPODIUM, § CAMPYLONEURON.

more perfectly campyloneuroid than usual). C. Fendleri,
Moore, Lid. Fil. p. 224 (m note). Polyp. Isevigatum, Cav..^
Sw. Campyloneuron minus, Fee, Mem. Fong. Noicv. t. 24./,
3 {very good). C. Cubense, Fee, I. c. t. 3./. 2 {small). Acro-
stichum y Breutelianum, Kze. in Schk. Fil. Suppl. p. 3. t. 102
{as to the sterile fronds) .

Hab/Tropical America, frequent. Brazil, Raddi; Banks of the Maranon,
Spruce, n. 3912. New Granada, MorzY^', n. 134 ("P. chrysophyllum, Klf."),
Schlim, n. 310. Venezuela, Birschell, Fendler, n. 228 (Camp. Fendleri, Moore)
and 228 /3, n. 409 and 226 (very large). Guatemala, Sinclair. Cuba, C. Wright,
n. 1020 ; Jamaica, March, n. 41. Ecuador, Spruce, n. 3247 «wc? b7 08, Jameson.
— A variable species in the breadth and length and general shape of the fronds,
and with a venation which certainly departs from that of true Campyloneuron
and partakes of that of Goniophlebium.

296. P. (Campyloneuron) sphenodes, Kze. ; caudex long-
creeping slender almost filiform squarrose with deciduous
paleaceous scales, stipites distant slender stramineous 3-6
inches long, frond coriaceo-submembranaceous glabrous very
minutely pellucido-punctate 3-8 inches long 1 to nearly 3
inches broad eUiptico-oval or subovate long and finely sud-
denly cuspidato-acuminate the margins thickened callous the
cuneate base entire or repand, primary veins costuliform ap-
proximate straight slightly elevated beneath, areoles 6-8-se-
riate rather longer than they are broad including two sori-
ferous venules, sori small in two series between the costu-
lar veins (Tab. CCLXXXIL). — Kze. and Kl. in Lifincea, xx.
p. 402. Metten. Polyp, p. 84. Campyloneuron, Fee.

Hah. New Granada, Merida, il/on/z, n. 304. Ecuador, descent of Molleturo,
alt. 7000 feet, Jameson.

(Frond pinnate.)

297. P. (Campyloneuron) decurrens, Raddi ; caudex creep-
ing stout in native specimens and clothed with dirty-brown at
length deciduous scales, stipites 1-H to 2-3 feet long brown
or substramineous, fronds subaggregate simple (when young)
and small (a span to a foot or more and fertile) subsessile or 6
inches long and ternate or 2 to 3 feet long and pinnate firm
subcoriaceo-membranaceous glabrous subnitent dark-green
when dry, pinnae distant 6-12-14 inches long 4 to 4 inches
broad oblongo-lanceolate sometimes subfalcate finely attenua-
ted and subcuneate at the base especially the upper ones, ter-
minal one resembling the rest petiolate but the petiole winged,
primary veins costuliform straight very distinct elevated on the
under side, areoles 6-12 each including two free veinlets rarely

POLYPODIUM, § NIPflOUOLUS. 43

more which are soriferous, sori always terminal small forming
two series between the costular veins. — Raddi, Fil. Bras. p.
23. /. :3.5. Metten. Fil. Hook. Lips. p. M, Polyp, p. 34. Cam-
pyloneuron, P/-. Cyrtoplilel)ium, J. S^m. — ^, Fend/eri ; large
brighter-green, piniuc 1 foot long,costoc and veins stramineous.
P. Fendleri, Eat. PL JVr'tylit. et Fend/, p. 199, and P. tlecurrens,
J). 199 {not Campyloneuruni Fendleri of Moore). Campylo-
neuron magnificum, Moore, hid. Fil. p. 224, in note.

Hal). Brazil, Raddi, Donglas, n. 7, Milne, Gardner, n. 1004, 5292, 5665.-/3.
\tntzue\a, Fendl. n. 231 and n. 410. Tarapota, Eastern Peru, Spruce. — The
Venezuela plants of Feiidler are one and same variety ; both much larger than
ordinary : frond of a lively-green colour.

§ 9. NiPHOBOLDS. — Venation internal, indistinct, and when seen very variable
in different species, so much so, that those who retain Niphobolus* as a genus
are otMiged to have recourse to the artificial character of the under side of the
fronds being clothed with more or less dense stellated hairs or tomentum.
Fronds always simple, sttbdimorphous, arising from a long creeping caudex.
Gen. Niphobolus, Klfs. Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 83. Niphopsis, /. Sm. Sp. 298-320.

298. P. (Niphobolus) angustatum, Sw. ; caudex long creep-
ing branched paleaceous with falcate subulato-setaceous scales,
stipites remote li-4 inches long, fronds 5 inches to a span
or more long |-2 inches wide tapering below into a petiole
glabrous above hoary and subferruginous with dense stellated
pubescence coriaceo-carnose ; sterile fronds usually the small-
est and broadest and with shorter petioles broad or oblongo-
lanceolate ; fertile ones longer and generally narrower in
proportion, venation sunk obscure, costular areoles with free
or branched and more or less connected veinlets, sori very
large subglobose oval partially sunk in the frond very convex
forming a single series on each side between the costa and
margin sometimes longitudinally confluent. — Sw. Syn. Fil. p.

* Niphobolus was established as a genus by Kaulfnss, " Sori nudi, annulares
vel rosacei, conferti vel sparsi ad ajiicem frondis, pills stellatis obducti," — and
although his successors have almost invariably retained the genus, they have done
little, if anything, towards giving more stable characters. Genus heteroclitvm,
writes M. Fee, " pilis Neuroplatyceratis {Platycerii, auct.) ; venulis Pleopeltidis
et Gymnopteridis, sporotheciis uniserialibus ut in Polypodiis, Pleopeltidibus,
etc., multiserialibus ut in Pleuridiis, indistinctis et confluentihus ut in Acro-
sticheis, etc. Presl alone, among the advocates for the great imimrtauce of vena-
tion, has been steady to that principle, and has formed eight genera out of A7-
phobolus ! an arrangement in which he has been followed by no one ; neither by
those, as observed by Moore, ' who reject as worthless all distinctions, the most
marked and obvious ditferences of vascular structure,' nor by those who in general
patronize the multiplication of genera on slight grounds." Moore gives in Ind.
Fil. representations of two (out of many quite different forms of venation) for
Niphobolus, but acknowledges that, bereft of its hairs, it would simply be a net-
veined Folypodium.

44 POLYPODIIJM, § NIPHOBOLUS.

27 and 224. Willd. Sp. PL p. 124. Schk. Fil. p. 187- t. 80.
Niphobolus, Spr. Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 20. Niphopsis, J.
Sm. Pleopeltis, Pr., and P. macrosora, Pr. Polyp, spheero-
cephalum, JFuU. Cat. n. 272. Metten. Polyp. p. 122. Nipho-
bolus, Hook, and Grev.Ic. Fil. t. 94. N. macrocarpus. Hook,
and Am. Bot. of Beech. Voy.p.'J^. t. 18.

Hab. India: Tranquebar, Roe t tier ; Assam, Jenkins; Siiicapore, Wallich ;
Malacca, Griffith, Cuming, n. 2)12 ; Penang, Lorraine; Borneo, Wallace, Thos.
Lobb. Pitcairne's and Coral Islands and Tahiti, Cuming, n. 139 i, Mat hews, n. 13,
Lag and Collie, Barclag. North-east Australia, Brisbane river. — A weli-marked
species.

299. P. (Niphobolus) tricuspe, Sw. ; caudex stout creeping
paleaceous with lanceolato-subulate scales, stipites aggregated
rather stout 6-8 inches long, fronds H-3 inches long H-4
inches broad at the base very thick carnoso-coriaceous densely
stellato-tomentose on both sides at length subglabrous above
triangular-cordate or hastato-3-lobed, middle lobe obtusely
acuminate entire lateral ones with a deflexed lobe at the base,
sori sunk in the tomentum in four parallel series between the
costules. — Siv. Syn. Fil. p. 30. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 65. Acro-
stichum hastatum, Thwib. FLJap. p. 331. t. 34. Niphobolus
hastatus, Kze. in Bot. Zeit. vi. p. 565 [not Polyp, hastatum,
Thunb. and Metten.). Polycampium hastatum, Pr. Epimel.
Bot. p. 197.

Hab. Japan: Fusi and Falcon, Thunberg ; Kanagawa, Oldham; Hakodadi
(Hance) ; south part of Corea, Dr. Clarke. Port Hamilton, an island on the
coast of Corea, alt. 700 feet, Wllfurd.

300. P. (Niphobolus) acrostichoides, Sw. ; caudex creeping
branched younger portions squarrose with rather large bright
ferruginous lanceolato-subulate scales, stipites 1-3 inches
long, fi'ond hard-coriaceous 1-3 feet and more long i-1 inch
wide glabrous above beneath whitish or tawny stellato-to-
mentose (tomentum very deciduous) elongato-lanceolate or
linear obtuse; sterile fronds generally the broadest, "areoles
with 6-7 free veinlets," sori rather small prominent very
compact generally occupying the upper part of the frond
arranged in 6-8 oblique very close series between the cos-
tules.— Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 29 and 225. An Forst. Prodr. 434 ?
Metten. Polyp, p. 128. Br. Prodr. p. 146. Cyclophorus,
Pr. Niphobolus puberulus, Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 57- t. 23 [excel-
lent). Cyclophorus glaber, Desv. [not P. Samarense, Metten.
Polyp. p. 125). Gyrosorium, Pr. Polyp, furfuraceum, ?Fg//.
Cat. n. 278.

POLYPODIUM, § NIPHOBOLUS. 45

Hal). Java {Swartz), Blame, Be Vriese, n. 491, Zollm(jer,n. 229. Isle Saniar,
Cuming, n. 323 (P. Samarense, Meiten.). Molucca Islands and New Hebrides,
Barclay, Milne. North-east coast of New Holland, Brown, All. Cunningham.
Moulraein, Griffith. Ceylon, Gardner. Penang, //'aWc/*.— This is perhaps the
longest and narrowest, in proportion to its length, of any of the group ; some of
my specimens are 3 feet long. What is the P. Samarense of Mettenius ? p. 123,
for which he quotes Cuming, n. 323, which, in my herbarium, is a state of N.
acrostic/ioides. N. 333 is Cuming's Diblemina Samarense, J. Sm. (See Polyp,
tenuilore, n. 329 in § Phymatodes.)

301. P, (Niphobolus) /occ/^e?'Mm, Metten. ; " caudex creep-
ing clothed with scales which are appressed at the base pa-
tent at the apex narrow-lanceolate acuminato-setose entire
glabrous ferruginous or at the point of attachment brown
paler at the margin, stij)ites 6 lines to 1 inch long floccigerous-
tomentose with stellated hairs, fronds coriaceous or carnoso-
coriaceous wrinkled when dry at first thickly clothed on both
sides with stellated hairs (in radios divaricato-flexuosos stup-
peos productis) at length glabrous above glossy beneath laxly
tomentose 2 inches to 1^ foot long 2\-5 lines wide linear
gradually attenuated at the base obtuse, veins in the moist-
ened frond translucent, areoles including two free veinlets,
sori at the costa 2-4-seriate slightly impressed not protu-
berant at the back at length confluent" [Metten. Polyp, p.
1 29). — Under this species Mettenius brings var. a, latifolium ;
fronds 5 lines wide \\ foot long. Niphobolus flocciger, Bl.
Fil. Jav. p.G\.t. 26. Cyclophorus, Pr., and N. varius, /. /Sm.,
ex parte; and var. /3, loriforme ; fronds 2-2i lines wide 2
inches to 1 foot long. N. flocciger, yS [not /3 of Blume?). N.
loriformis, Kze. Bot. Zeit. vi. p. 120, and Antrophyum nipho-
boloides, Kze. Bot. Zeit. vi. p. 209.

Hab. o. Java, Blume. "Luzon, Cuming, n. 8S, in part." — Var. /3. Java, "Zol-
linger, n. 2022, 2022 a, 2023, 3177."— Some of my specimens of P. acrosti-
choides sufficiently accord with Blume's figure.

302. P. (Niphobolus) Africanum, Metten. ; caudex creep-
ing densely ferrugineo-paleaceous with rather large ovate
acuminated fringed scales, stipites remote h an inch to 2
inches long, fronds coriaceous 4 inches to a foot long ^-H
inch wide lanceolate bluntly acuminate nearly glabrous wlien
mature densely white and stellato-tomentose beneath the
base gradually attenuated into the short stipes; sterile ones
small subspathulatc ; fertile ones often suddenly acuminated
and soriferous at tliat portion, sori numerous small partially
sunk in the tomentum irregularly but closely arranged
(transverse costular areoles with included anastomosing veins

46 POLYPODIUM, § NIPHOBOLUS.

and free veinlets). — Metten. Tolyp. /?. 131. Niphobolus, Kze.
in Linneea, x. />. 501, and in Schk. Fil. Si/ppl. p. 67- t. 33.
Pappe and Raivs. En. Fil. S. Afr. p. AX. Gynosorum, Fr.

Hab. South Africa: Natal, Dre^e,- British Cafraria, D' Urban; Anibas Bay,
Cameroons, G. Mann. — This species appears to be as peculiar to the warm parts
of South Africa as P. Americanum is to the tropical regions of the New World.

303. p. (Niphobolus) rupesire, Br. ; caudex rather slender
creeping branched tortuose paleaceous with narrow acumi-
nated scales, stipites remote \ ^'^ '\r\c\\ to 3-4 inches long
jointed upon a short scaly branch of the caudex, fronds di-
morphous carnoso-coriaceous above partially clothed with
stellated hairs or tomentum beneath densely so and some-
times quite white or cinnamon-colour with them ; sterile
fronds 1-2-3 inches long ^—1 inch wide obovate elliptical
spathulate or even orbicular ; fertile ones 4-6 inches long
\-% of an inch wide linear-oblong or -lanceolate obtuse gra-
dually tapering into the petiole, venation quite immersed
very irregular as represented by Mettenius and subcampylo-
neuroid, sori large and in my specimen very irregular, par-
tially sunk yet very convex and prominent often confluent
frequently confined to the superior half of the frond. — Br.
Prodr. p. 136. Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 33. /. 24./. 9, 10
[venation), Polyp, p. 125. Niphobolus, Hook, and Grev. Ic.
Fil. t. 93. Hook. Fil. Fl. Nov. Zeal. p. 44. N. serpens, Endl.
Fl. Norf., Pr. Polyp. Forst. P. stellatum. Rich. P. eleeagiu-
folium, Bory, in Duperry Voy. Bat. p. 259. t. Sl.f. 1. Niphob.
bicolor, Kaulfs. En. Fil. p. 128. Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t.
44 [wanting the sterile fronds) .

Hab. Australia, as far north as Moreton Bay, New Zealand, as far south as
Banks's Peninsula, and the intervening adjacent islands of the South Pacific,
Fiji and Kermadee Islands, etc., Milne and others. Society Islands, Bidwill. —
This is a species, though of extended, yet Hmited distribution. It does not ap-
pear in West Australia, nor in any part of India ; and is best distinguished from
P. adnascens by the large and irregularly-disposed sori.

304. P. (Niphobolus) confiuens, Br. ; caudex long slender
filiform creeping much-branched paleaceous with subulate
finely acuminated scales like slender hairs, stipites 1-4-5
lines long from a paleaceous base squamulose, fronds dimor-
phous carnoso-coriaceous (probably very thick and fleshy
when recent) above glabrous or sparsely stellato-pubescent
beneath farinaceous and almost silvery with minute scales
mixed with copious stellated hairs ; sterile fronds \-\ an inch

POLYl'OniUM, § NUMIOBOLUS. 47

scarcely exceeding an incli in length and 1-2 lines in breadth
linear obtuse, in both the margin are incurved so as to render
the back convex, venation sunk and wholly concealed, sori
few large near the margin orbicular or oval confluent con-
fined to the upper half or extending the whole lengtli much
sunk yet prominent. — Bj\ Prodi' . Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 14G.

Ilab. Australia; " Port Jackson," /i?'0?OTJ ; )in%hAntn\e.r, Allan Cunningham,
in Herb, no.str., n. 06; and Burnett river, A''. Austral. E.vpl. Erp., lat. 20° .S'.;
and New England, il/Mc//??-.— The Pohjpod'mm conflams of Brown's ' Prodroinus,'
placed by him next to his P. rupcstre, has never, that I know of, been noticed
by any other author, although the vicinity of Port Jackson is the acknowledged
locality. I have, however, in my herl)arium, good specimens of a species ga-
thered by Allan Cunningham, which he lias confidently marked " P. confluem, Br.,
from rocks and decayed timber in woods, Brisbane river." Identically the same
has been sent me by the excellent Mueller, from localities in North Australia.
If it be the true plant, it has dimorphous fronds, and is the smallest and prettiest
of the group; and it is further remarkable for the copious, silvery, appressed,
farinaceous scales, abundantly mixed with the stellated hairs. I have been some-
times disposed to think P. carnosus, Bl. Ic. Fil. t. 19 (which I have doubtfully
referred to a state of P. adnascens) may be a more luxuriant state of this.

305. P. (Niphobolus) ac?wfl5ce/w, Sw. ; caudex creeping pa-
leaceous with lanceolato-setaceous scales, stipites distant 1-2
inches long, fronds dimorphous carnoso-coriaceous dark-green
above but hoary with sparse stellated pubescence beneath
and paler and even white with more copious compact hairs ;
sterile fronds 2-4 inches long spathulate or elliptical-lanceo-
late obtuse; fertile ones 6-8 inches long linear or oblong
obtuse or acute both kinds tapering below into the stipes,
costa subcarinate, costules sunk obscure their areoles including
free-veinlets, sori deep sunk in the tomentum and in the sub-
stance of the frond on each side the costa arranged 5-G in
obliquely transverse series, capsules long-stalked mixed with
long-stalked stellated scales. — Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 25 and 228.
t. 2./. 2. Willd. Sp. PL v.p. 145. Niphobolus, Klfs. En.
Flip. 124. Wall. Cat. n. 268. Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 19.
Cyclophorus, Desv. Polyp, pertusum, Roxh. Hook. Ex. Fl.
/.'l62. Wall. Cat. n.^G"]. Mctten. Pohjp. p. 125. Niphobo-
lus, Spr., Pr. Niphob. elongatus, Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 52. t. 20.
N. varius, Klfs. En. Fit. p. 125. Polyp, verrucosum, Wall.
Cat. n. 267- ' P. caudatum, Metten. Polyp, p. 126. Niphob.
Klfs. En. Flip. 127. Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 56. t. 22. Polypod.
vittarioides, Wall. Cat. p. 270. Cyclophorus, Pr. Niphob.
Chamissoanus, Pr. {fide Metten.)

Hab. India: Madras Peninsula, Wight, Heyne, pic. ; Nepal, Assam, Khasya,
ITimalaya, Sikkim, Wallich, Cat. n. 203, nud all trarpllpis ; Moulmeiiie, Parish

48 POLYPODIUM, § NTPHOBOLUS,

(fronds almost glabrous), n. 203; Malay Archipelago and Islands, De Vriese
(Java), n. 316, 495; Amboyna (IFebb), Griffith, Wallich, Cuming, n. 135, 240,
67, 88, and 93 ; Ceylon, Gardner, n. 1153. China, Fiji Islands, etc. West tro-
pical Africa; Cameroons, G. Mann. — A very universally distributed Fern, espe-
cially over the continent of India and adjacent islands, well distinguished by nu-
merous sori, deeply sunk in a cavity of the frond, and arranged in transversely
oblique series between the costa and the margin.

306. P. (Niphobolus) spissum, Bory; "caudex creeping
clothed with ferruginous ovato-lanceolate acunainated scales
their base appressed recurved at the apex, fronds coriaceous
glabrous above, beneath clothed with stellated at length ru-
fescent scales; sterile ones 1-4 inches long oblong or linear-
lanceolate obtuse or acute, secondary veins subm.anifest,
areoles with three free veinlets immersed the petiole 2-8
lines long; fertile ones 4 inches long from a long attenuated
base linear rather obtuse soriferous upwards the petiole 4
lines long, sori immersed impressed protuberant at the back
on each side the costa 3-4-seriate at first annular." [Metten.)
— Bory, in Willd. Sp. PL \. p. 146. Metten. Polyp, p. 125.
Niphobolus, En. Fit. p. 126. Cyclophorus, Desv.

Hah. " Bourbon, Boivin." — Perhaps allied to P. adnascens.

307. P. (Niphobolus) porosum. Wall.; caudex creeping
subulato-paleaceous with ferruginous scales, stipites aggre-
gated short scarcely any or 3-5 inches long and then winged
or margined to the base, fronds carnoso-coriaceous 6 inches
to a foot and more long \ an inch to 1-H wide lanceolate or
linear-lanceolate or even linear often finely acuminated the
margin quite entire or spuriously and very unequally pinnatifid
with remote long and narrow segments, from near the middle
gradually attenuated downwards to the caudex at first wholly
tomentose with deep ferruginous stellated hairs at length
glabrous on the upper side and depresso-punctate the dots
corresponding with the sori, venation quite sunk and ob-
solete, sori very copious and at first quite sunk among the
tomentum appearing in the form of small tubercles, at
length a circular opening appears but the sori scarcely rise
above the surface of the tomentum arranged indeed in series
but it is impossible to say how far these series are confined
within certain areoles. — Wall. Cat. n. 266. Metten. Polyp.
jo. 128. Niphobolus a?zf/ Cyclophorus, Pr. Polypod. sticti-
cum, Metten. Polyp, p. 128. Niphobolus, Kze. in Linncea,
xxiv. JO. 257- N. Schmidianus, Kze. Bot. Ze'it. vi. ;;. 121.
Cyclophorus, Pr., and Niphob. fissus, Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 58. t. 24.

49

Polypod. Mysurense, Heyne, IVull. Cut. n.2G\). P. lanatuu),
Wall. inst. in Herb, nostr.

Hal). Nepal, Jf'allich. Kumaoii and North-west Himalaya, Slracheij and Win-
terlxttloni (alt. 3000 leet), ./. Thomson. Nilgherries, most abuiuiaiit, Sc/i/riid,
M-Icur, V'iyht, Heyne, Sir F. Jdam, Beddome, Ilohenacker, n. 907 (Niphob.
sticticus. Are.) Assam and Khasya, Hooker fil. and Thomson, alt. 5000-GOOO
feet. Boutan, (Iriffilh. Ceylon, Gardner, n. 1226, alt. 2.'500 feet.— Like not a
few otliers of tlie Niphoholus group, this is a species, and I believe a very distinct
one, more easily recognized by the eye than defined by words. It is remarkable
for the bright, deep, ferruginous colour of the whole tomentum, and for the
fronds not unfrequenily having angles and even long-acuminated lobes at the
margin, while the base tapers down so gradually as to form a wing to the short
stipes. A', sliciicns of Kzc. in Hohenacker, is identical with this ; and, possibly,
Nijjhod. JI.SSUS of Blume is not really different.

308. P. (NipholK)lus) Linyiia, S\v. ; caudex very long
crce];)ini; rather slender flexuose paleaceous with ferruginous
subulate scales, stipites 3-6 inches and more long remote
always arising from a short very paleacous branch of the
caudex, upper scales longest and spreading, fronds 4-8
inches long lanceolate or ovate or oblong obtuse or acumi-
nated densely and very compactly stellato- and sometimes
subsquamuloso-tomentose at length glabrous above, sori
subelevated copious in 4-6 close series between the primary
or costular veins and from 9-20 between the secondary
veins.— iw. Sijn. Fit. p. 29. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 162. Langsd.
et Fisch. Fil. i. /j. 7-/- 5. Metten. Polyp, p. 130. Acrosti-
chum, Th. Fl. Jap. p. 330. t. 33. Schk. Fil. p. \.t.\. Nipho-
bolus, Spr., Kze. Schk. Fil. Svppl. p. 144. /. 63.

ILib. Japan, Thunherg ; Nagasaki and as far north as Tsus-Sima. Apparently
usually common in China, from various sources : Hongkong, Champion, etc. ; For-
mosa, U ilford, Swinhoe ; Loo Choo, C. Wriijht. Malay Islands and Peninsula, often
very large, Parish, n. 180. Continent of liulia, extending to Boutan and Eastern
Himalaya, Hookerfil.and Thomson (alt. to 5000 feet), Gardner (Ceylon), Griffith,
Cuming, n. 127 (Luzon), Wallace (Borneo). — Very variable in size and outline,
but an easily-recognized species.

309. P. (IViphobolus) (Ictertjibile, J. Sm.? vix Don?; cau-
dex rather stout densely fibroso-radicant paleaceous especially
about the base of the stipites with finely subulate ferruginous
scales, stipites 4-6-8 inches long aggregated clothed as is
the whole plant with a dense compact mass of whitish or
ferruginous stellated tonientum which not unfrequently peels
off in dense cottony masses from the upper side of the frond
leaving that part quite naked and glabrous, fronds from 4-16
inches long %-\\, inch broad carnoso-coriaceous younger
ones often ovato-acuminate mature ones lanceolate finely

VOL. V. H

50 POLYPODIUM, § NIPHOBOLUS.

acuminate subsinuate moderately attenuate decurrent not
unfrequently broader and subhastate at the base then sud-
denly cuneate, sometimes wrinkled above by the impres-
sions of the sori from the other side and obscurely nigro-
punctate, below the stellated tomentum is long retained,
venation immersed but evidently that of Campyloneurum,
costules indistinct, intervening areoles 14-16, each with free
included soriferous veins, sori scarcelv sunk small and but
slightly elevated above the tomentum very copious arranged
with great regularity. — P. vestitum, Wall. mst. in Herb. Hook.

Hab. Chiefly North Bengal and along the lower ranges of the Himalaya, from
very low altitudes of Silhet and Assam to 3500 feet (in Kumaon), from Simla
(Madden, Edgevorth) in the west to Boutan {Griffith) in the east, JJ'allich (Nepal) ,
Strachey and Winterboftom, Hooker fil. and Thomson. — Specimens of this Fern
were sent to me from Nepal as early as 1818 by Dr. Wallich, and had I only those
to rely upon I might have been disposed to refer them, though with great hesitation,
to some described species; but I have since received a copious suite from other
collectors, which, though variable in size and sliape, are referable to one and the
same species. It seems peculiar to northern Bengal. In my specific character,
1 have pointed out its main distinctive marks, and future observations must de-
termine their permanency or otherwise.

310. P. (Niphobolus) costatum, Wall.; caudex creeping
rufo-paleaceous v.ith slender subulate scales, stipites subag-
gregate I inch to a span long angled, fronds a span to \\-2
feet and more long 1-2-3 inches and more broad firm (but
not apparently carnoso-) coriaceous even submembranaceous,
in age glabrous above, beneath densely stellato-tomentose
and subfurfuraceous (tomentum forming a close coat) lanceo-
late or suboblanceolate acuminate gradually tapering below
and decurrent upon the stipes, primary veins or costules dis-
tinct elevated on the under side, sori immersed very minute
and numerous arranged in compact closely placed lines or
series between the costules and in equally-compact series
transversely with them. — Wall. Cat. p. 265. Metten. Polyp.

p. 131. t. i.f. 14 {venation). Niphobolus, Pr. Apalophle-
bia, P7\ Epim.p. 138. Niphob. venosus, Bl. Fil. Jav.p. 63.
i. 28 (^?er^/ good, but small fronds). Apalophlebia, Pr. Epim,

p. 139.

Hab. Nepal, Kumaon, and all along the Himalayan range, from Kumaon to
Sikkim, Khasya, and Assam, Wallich, n. 2Gb, Griffith, Strachey and Winter-
bottom, Simons, Hooker and Thomson (alt. 2000 feet). Moulmeine, Parish, n.
17. New Guinea, Hindes. Java, Blume, Zollinger.— Ihh, I think, lias the
smallest and most copious sori of any of the Niphobolus section ; but, numerous
as they are, they will be seen to be arranged in regular but closely compacted
series.

POLYPODIUM, § NIPHOBOLUS. 51

311, P. (Niphobolus) albicans, Metten.; "caudex thickish
creeping densely paleaceous with largisii scales which have a
blackish coriaceous l)ase and are prolonged into a spreading
membranaceous pale-ferruginous at length deciduous apex,
stipites 1-4 inches long, fronds coriaceous at length glabrous
above, beneath densely piloso-stellate adpressedly pannosc at
length reddish 1-2 feet long 1 inch (-2 inches according to
Blurne's figure) wide linear-lanceolate acuminate long atte-
nuated at the base, secondary veins on the removal of the
downy covering subuianifest immersed, sori occupying the
the upper half of the frond G-7-seriate on each side the costa
annular slightly impressed not protuberant at the back."
Metten. Pohjp.p. 127. Niphobolus, Bl. FU. Jav. p. 60. t. 25.
Cyclophorus, Pr. N. glaber, Klfs. and Bl. FU. Jav. p. G2. /.
27 {frond narj'oiver).

Hal). Java, " Blume, Thos. Lobh, Goring." — I have seen no antlienlic speci-
mens of tliis Niphobolas, but those from Lobb perfectly agree with the two
forms of iMetteiiiiis. Hiume refers to it, as synonyms, Polyp, stigmosum, Sw.
and Wilhl., of which Metteiiius takes no notice ; and the latter unites with it, I
scarcely know how justly, as a mere variety, the N. glaber, Klfs. (in part) and of
Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 32. t. 27, N. Blumeaims of Kze. Bot. Zeit., and P. acrostichoides,
Willd. Sp. PI. V. p. 156, excl. syn. The name " albicans " is very deceptive ; the
whole under side of the frond is rich cinnamon. Deciduous white down is seen
on the costa.

.312. P. (Niphobolus) Gardneri, Metten.; caudex some-
what creeping the younger portions densely ferrugineo-palea-
ceous, stipites approximate arising from a scaly branch of the
caudex 2-4 inches long, fronds about a foot long carnoso-
coriaceous lanceolate oijtusely acuminate gradually attenuated
upon the stipes densely clothed with a very compact firm sub-
furfuraceous mass of whitish or ferruginous stellated tomen-
tum, costa and primary veins or costules slightly elevated be-
neath, venation of Cainpi/hncunim, secondary transverse veins
more obscure, veinlets generally free and soriferous, sori
superficial (not sunk) in about four series parallel with the
costules and 10-12 transverse series between the costa
and the margin. — Var. a, siibferruginea. Metten. Polypod. p.
129. Niphobolus Gardneri, Kze. J. Sm. Cat. Cult. Ferns,
p. 12. Hook. FU. Exot. t. 68. N. acrostichoides, J. >S/«. Cat.
Keiv Gard. Ferns, p. 2. N. costatus, J. Sin. Cat. Kew Ferns,
p. 6? {not Polyp, acrostichoides, Forst.). — Var. ^, canescenti-
alba.

Ilah. o. Gardner, n. 53 {Mefteniiif!) and in Herb, noslr., sine no., Mrs. General
Walker. Khasya, Griffith.—^. Mishmee and Uoutan, Griffith.

52 POLYPODIUM, § NIPHOBOLUS.

313. P. (Niphobolus) splendens, Hook.; caudex ? stipes
almost none, fronds U-3 feet long 3 inches wide oblongo-
lanceolate suddenly and subcuspidately acuminated long-at-
tenuated below to the nearly sessile base aljove sparsely stel-
latedly albo-tomentose mixed with cobwebby hairs, beneath
clothed with similar tomentum and hairs or fine scales of a
rich-brown colour, costa stout prominent below, costules very
evident but scarcely elevated, sori small numerous crowded
irregularly neither extending in my fertile specimen to the
apex nor to the margin. — Niphobolus, J. Sm.in Hook. Journ.
Bot. iii. p. 596 {name only). Apalopblebia, Pr. Epim. p. 138.

Hab. Isle of Samar, Philippine, Cuming, n. 33t. — This is unnoticed by Met-
tenius, but is really a fine and remarkable si)ecies, from the size and from the
nature and colouring of the tomentum. It is perhaps most ; Hied to P. costatum,
but, I think, very different. Presl was ignorant of the fructification.

314. p. (Niphobolus) Penangianum, Hook. ; caudex ?, stipes
scarcely any, fronds submembranaceous 1^ foot and more
long 2| inch wdde oblanceolate finely acuminate the base
much and gradually attenuated sessile the margin irregularly
sinuated glabrous above (at least in maturity) beneath thinly
clothed with fuscous stellated hairs, venation internal but
manifest when viewed between the eye and the light, costules
not elevated, areoles 16-18 between the costa and the mar-
gin quite those of Campyloneurum including 4 free soriferous
veinlets, sori prominent (not sunk) forming a broad mass in
the disk of the upper half of the frond arranged with great
regularitv in four longitudinal series parallel with the costules
and within each areole are transverse lines each of four sori,
capsules mixed with long-stipitate peltate stellated scales.
Hook. Ic. PL t. 203. Gen. Fil. t. 83. Polycarpium, Pr.

Hab. Penang, Larlij Dalhousie. Moulmeine ?, P«ns/« (small and imperfect).
— Remarkable for the comparatively membranaceous fronds, the thin sparse coat-
ing of brown, stellated pubescence of the under side, and the beautifully sym-
metrical arrangement of the sori in the disk of the superior half of the frond,
not extending to the margins.

315. P. (Niphobolus) subfurfuraceum, Hook.; caudex
short branched creeping the younger branches paleaceous
with ferruginous subulate scales, stipites subaggregated
4-5 inches long, fronds 24-30 inches long 4-5 inches wide
broad-lanceolate or oblanceolate sharply acuminated below
gradually and much attenuated upon the stipes glabrous
above minutely stellato-tomentose beneath, the tomentum
thin firm and close so as to appear subfurfuraceous or com-

POLYPODIUM, § NIPEIOBOLUS. 53

pactly pannose of a whitisli colour, costa stout, costules evi-
dent l)ut not elevated, venation indistinct quite that of true
Campyloneuron, the areoles from 15-20 in a series between
the costa and the margin each with numerous included free
soriferous veinlets, sori rather small most copious all over
the hack of the frond elevated suhglobose (not in the least
sunk) forming as many arched series between the costules as
there are areoles.

Hal). Mishmee and Boutan, Griffith. — This fine species vies with, if it does
not exceed, in size, our P. Boothii, and the venation and arrangement of the sori
are similar, hut it is a very dirterent species : the frond is much more sharply acu-
minated and much more attenuated at the base ; the tomentum, if it may here
be so called, is more pinnose or furfuraceous, forming a rather glaucous stratum;
and the sori are all attached to the surface, and thus, though small, very promi-
nent.

316. P. (Niphobolus) Boothii, Hook.; caudex ?, stipes 16
inches long and stout in proportion tawny-brown paleaceous
with imbricating ferruginous lanceolate scales only at the
very base, frond carnoso-coriaceous 16-24 inches long 3-4
inches wide elliptico-lanceolate obtusely acuminate moderately
attenuated glabrous and punctated above with minute black-
ish dots (probably corresponding with the receptacles of the
sori) beneath covered with a dense velvety mass of ferruginous
stellated tomentum, primary costular veins evident but not
prominent united by transverse arched veins as in Canipylo-
neuniin 10-12 series between the costules each including
several free soriferous veinlets, sori small partially suidv in
the tomentum forming transverse lines between the costules
and as many as there are areoles.

Ilab. i3outan, Eastern Himalaya, Grijiths, Booth. — This is a noble species, as
far as I know, peculiar to the locality just specilied. The down, covering the
whole under side, forms a rich velvety mass of a bright ferruginous colour, studded
with the neatly-arranged series of sori.

317. P- (Niphobolus) linearifolium, Hook.; caudex long
creeping paleaceous with densely imbricated subulato-seta-
ceous shining scales, fronds scattered but aj)proximate erect
carnoso-coriaceous sessile 3-4 inches long 1-H line wide
linear obtuse scarcely attenuated at the base the margins re-
curved laxly tomentose with scattered stellated api)resscd
hairs at length glabrous above, veins forming two irregular
series of oblong large areoles ])arallel with the costa (no evi-
dent costules), sori oval distant terminal on a short included
veinlet forming a single series on each side between the costa
and the margin. Hook. 2d Cent, of Ferns, t. 58.

54 POLYPODIUM, § NIPHOBOLUS.

Hab. Island of Tsus-Sima, Gulf of Corea, growing on rock, Wilford. — A
very remarkal)le plant, quite unlike any other Fern of this group known to me ;
well represented in the work above quoted.

318. p. (Niphobolus) nummulariiefolium, Metten.; caudex
very long filiform copiously rooting paleaceous with appressed
setaceous ferruginous scales, fronds dimorphous carnoso-co-
riaceous subglabrous above beneath densely clothed with
ochraceous or subferruginous stellated tomentum ; stei^ile
fronds (on petioles 1-3 lines long) ^ to 1 inch long orbicular
or elliptical or subcordate; fertile ones (on stipites 1-1 ^ inch
long) H-2 inches long \ of an inch wide linear or linear-ob-
long obtuse, " areoles immersed in 3-4 series including one
free veinlet," Metten., sori scarcely sunk apparently covering
the whole back of the frond without order. Metten. Polyp,
p. 123. t. 3./. 9, 10 [veiiation). Niphobolus, J. Sm. Fee,
Gen. Fil.p. 262. t. 9. A. f. 3. Acrostichum, 8w. Sijn. Flip.
191, 419. Tab. ii. 1. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 100. BL Fit. Jew.
p. 33. t. II. f. I, 2. Galeoglossa, Pr., and G. rotundifolia, Pr.

Hab. Java, Thunberg, Blume. Luzon, Cuming, n. 246. Assam, Khasya (alt.
2000 feet), Mishmee, Griffith, Hooker fil. and Thomson. — A distinct and well-
marked species.

319. P. (Niphobolus) obovatum, Metten.; "caudex creep-
ing clothed with lanceolato-subulate scarcely ciliated reddish
subpatent scales, fronds glabrous above below densely ad-
spersed with stellated hairs ; sterile fronds 6 lines long ob-
ovato-oblong attenuated into a stipes 2 lines \or\g; fertile
fronds 8 lines long spathulato-oblong obtuse with 6 lines
long, veins immersed ?, sori not impressed." — Metten. Polyp.
j9. 124. Niphobolus, /f^-e. Acrostichum, jB/. i^i/. /av. /?. 35.
/. 11./. 3. Galeoglossa, Pr.

Hab. Java, Blume, Zollinger. — This species is unknown to me, but some of my
specimens of P. nummular iccfolium seem undistinguishable from it; the stipites
vary much in length.

320. P. (Niphobolus) Americanum, Hook.; caudex thick
but evidently creeping, stipites aggregated 1-3-4 inches long,
fronds li-2 feet and more long ^-| of an inch wide hard-
coriaceous linear-elongate acuminated long-tapering below on
the stipes glabrous and glossy above densely stellato-tomen-
tose and tawny and subfurfuraceous beneath, costa stout pro-
minent beneath, venation ?, costules obliquely patent as indi-
cated by the fructifications of which a single series of rather
large oval sori occupy the space between the costules.

POLYPODIUM, § PIIYMATODES. 55

Hah. Ecuador, about the suhiirhs of Ctienca, on walls and liedgchanks in great
abundance, Jawesnn. Near Bauos, " locis saxosis apricis ; frons valde coriacea,"
Spruce, n. 5248. — I cannot tell what may be the exact nature of the venation of
this Fern, of which I have received only two broken specimens from Professor
Jameson, and three or four very i)erfect fronds from Mr. Spruce. It has all the
appearanc(! and the copious stellated tomentum, with the sori sunk or immersed,
of Niphoholun ; if of this group, it is remarkable as inhabiting the New World.

§ 10. Phymatodes. — Sori round or oblong, terminal on free veinlets, or dorsal,
or frequently on the point of union of the anastomosing veinlets. Venation
copiously anastomosing, cosfules, when present, pinnated, the rest of the vena-
tion very irregular, often forming large areoles including numerous lesser ones,
and those generally including simple or branched uUimatc free veinlets, or not
^infrequently the whole network forms areoles nearly uniform in size ivith in-
cluded free veinlets. — Caudex creeping. Stipites fur the most part jointed
near the base. Fronds often ample and coriaceous, simple or pinnatifid or pin-
nate, rarely snbdimorphous. Gen. Phymatodes, Pr. Microgramme, Pr.
Pleopeltis, Moore. Drynaria and Microsorus, Fe'e. Sp. 321-398.
* Fronds simple. Sp. 321-355.

321. P. (Phymatodes) persicaricefoli ii in, Schrtid.; caudex
very long creeping or scandent branched clothed with imbri-
cated subulate scales, fronds distant generally arising from a
short paleaceous branch or bud subsessile firm-membrana-
ceous 5-8 inches long f-3 inches wide broad-elliptico-lanceo-
late acute or acuminate attenuated below into a very short
stipes entire, veins somewhat irregularly anastomosing form-
ing a series of o])long costal areoles then a series of large
areoles including a network of anastomosing veinlets in the
centre of which are the large or obliquely oblong or linear
sori on the apices of two or more free veinlets, costal and mar-
ginal areoles also have frequently free included veinlets. —
Schrad. Goctt. g. Anz. 1824, p. 867. Metten. Ft/. Hort. Lips,
p. 37. t. 25./. 20, Po/ypod., p. 98. Microgramme, Pr., Hook.
Gen. Fil. t. 72. A. Drynaria, Fee. Mecosorus, A7. Pleo-
peltis, Moore. Polypodium lycopodioides, Meyer, Schk. Fil.
J). I87. t. 8. c. Selliguea Sellowiana, A7. in Herb. Reg. Berol.

ITab. Tropical America: Brazil, Guatemala, 5^-mH(?r,- Gn\?ina., Schomburgk,n.
301, Sayot, n. 1010; Or'moco, Spruce, n. 3218; Triniiiad, Ecuador, Guayaquil (on
the trunks of Theobroma Cacao), Spruce, n. 5735 (pale bright-green ; fronds 11
inches long, 2 inches wide ; " all the Ferns growing on Cacao-trees are notable
for their pale-green colour "). — I am aware this is generally considered a very
distinct Fern, yet it is very variable in the anastomosing of the veins and in the
form of the sori, and I have sometimes a difficulty in distinguishing it from some
forms of P. lycopodioides.

322, P. (Phymatodes) percussum, Cav. ; caudex very long
creeping paleaceous with lanceolate scales, stipites 2-3 inches
long distant, fronds 4-5 inches to a foot long "f-l^ inch

56 POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODBS.

wide firm thin-coriaceous sparsely and minutelyscaly beneath
lanceolate cuspidato-acuniinate gradually attenuated below
costate^ veins copiously anastomosing, areoles with or with-
out free veinlets, sori large compital partially sunk in a cavity
prominent at the back oval or subrotund arranged within
a network of compound areoles intermediate between the
costa and margin, in an early stage covered M'ith scales, cap-
sules mixed with copious abortive filaments. — Cav. Sw. Syn.
Fil. p. 26. Willcl. Sp. PL v. p. 57- Langsd. and Fisch. Ic. Fil.
p. 8. /. 6. Metten. Pohjp. p. 90. Hook. Fil. Ejot. p. 90.
Raddi, Fil. Braz. p. 14. t. 24. /. 1. Pleopeltis, Hook, and
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 67. Phlebodiura, J. Sni. Drynaria, Fee.
Polypod. cuspidatum, Pr. Reliq. Hmik. p. 20. t. \.f. 3, and
P. stigmaticum, Pr. I. c. j). 20. t. S.f. 2. P. avenium, Desv.

Hal). Tropical America, frequent : Peru, Ecuador, Galapagos, Brazil, New
Granada, Guiana, etc.

32.3. P. (Phymatodes) lepidotum, Willd. ; caudex long-creep-
ing paleaceous with lanceolate acuminate denticulated ferrugi-
nous scales, stipites remote 1-2—4 inches long,fronds coriaceo-
carnose 3-9 inches long j-| of an inch wide lanceolate more
or less acuminate long and gradually attenuated at the base
on both sides especially beneath often sinuato-dentate or even
pinnatifid almost furfuraceous with copious orbicular ovate
small appressed peltate scales dark in the centre pale in the
circumference and denticulate, veins immersed very indis-
tinct (" maculae Phlebodii," Metten.), sori generally very
large and often exceedingly prominent pulvinate globose
or oval occupying the upper half of the frond. — Willd. in
Schlecht. Adumbr.p. 17. ^.8. Metten. Polyp. p. 88. P. ma-
crocarpum, Willd. Sp. Pl.x.p. 147. Pleopeltis, A"//;?. Polyp,
lanceolatum, Sv:>. Syn. Fil. p. 26. Willd. Sp. PI. Y.p. 153
{excl. syn. Linn., Plum., and Petiv.). Pleopeltis, Klfs. Polyp,
marginale, Willd. Sp. PL y.p. 149. Pleopeltis and P. linearis,
Klfs. P. ensifolia, Hook. Ex. FL t. 62. Grammitis revoluta,
Willd. Sp. PL v.p. 139. Pleopeltis Kaulfussiana, Pr. Po-
lypod. leucosporum, Kl. in Linncea, xx. p. 404. Metten. Polyp,
p. 89.

Hab. Bourbon, Bory, in Herb, nosh: Soutli Africa, Munclt and Maire, Drege
and Zeyher, etc. Mosamballa Hill, Zambesi Mission, alt. 3000-3500 feet. Kirk.
Madagascar, Lyall. St. Helena, Hooker fil. (on Diana's Peak), Seemann. Tris-
tan d'Acunba, Carmichael. Sierra Leone, Barter. Cameroon Mountains, alt.
9000 feet, Nilghiri, G. Thomson, in Herb. Hook., and the Rev. Mr. Johnson, the
only locality known in India. South America : Jamaica, Swartz, March, Wil-

son; New Granada, Moritz, n. 'i\, 6, 82, 300 (I', leiicosponim, A7.), Fendler, n.
2i9, Pitrdie ; Guiana, Rick. Schomlmrijk, n. 1188; Siirinatn (Mif/nfil) ; Brazil,
(iartl)ier,n. 193; Ecnador, Jawoson, Spruce, n. 5243 ami 5214 (deeply and irre-
gnlarly pinnatifid, some segments 1^ inch long) ; Peru, Tarapota, ^"^rMce ,- Juan
Fernandez, Bertero ; Mexico, frequent. Central America, Cumim/, n. 128(1.
Sandwich Islands, Nutlall. — Schlechtenilal has great merit in elahorating the
synonymy of this plant, and has selected a very appropriate name. It is well
distinguished among the simple-fronded species of this group hy its small, co-
pious, appressed scales, which are seldom wholly deciduous. It is more or less
fleshy and liahle to produce elongated segments at the margin, constituting an ali-
normally pinnatifid frond.

324. P. (Phymatodes) Joriforine, Wall. ; caudcx creeping
blackish paleaceous with rather small dirty-brown ovato-lan-
ceolate scales, stipites subaggregated a few lines to 1-2 inches
long, fronds extremely variable in size and texture from 3-4
inches to H foot and from \ of an inch to nearly 2 inches wide
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate coriaceous and opaque or co-
riaceo-membranaceous or quite membranaceous bluntly or
sharply acuminated, much and gradually attenuated at the
sometimes quite sessile Ijase, the margin entire or subsinuate,
venation reticulated with included free veinlets but there are
primary veins which form large costal areoles including the
lesser ones and the compital sori, sori often much sunk (with
protuberances at the back) forming a single series nearer the
costa than the margin varying much in size, when young
partially covered with very compact peltate scales which are
soon deciduous, then the sori become very large and pulvi-
uate.—JValL Cat. n. 271. Metten. Polyp. p. 92. t. \.f. 49, 50.
Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 14, P. leiopteris, A^e. m Linn(ea,'s.\\\'\.
p. 319. Metten. Fit. Ilort. Lips. p. M). t. 25./. 37-39 [excel-
lent for a medium-sized specimen). Pleopeltis nuda. Hook.
Ex. Fl.p. 63, and Gen. Fil.f. 18 [not Polyp. xwiAnm, Metten.) .
Lepisorus, J. Sni. Drynaria, Fee, Gen. Fit. p. 270. Polyp,
nudiusculum, Kzc. in Linncea, xxiv. p. 253. P, sesquipedale,
ll'a//. Cut. p. 275. Metten. Polyp, p. 91. P. excavatum,
inild. Sp. PI. V. p. 15S. Lepisorus,./.,^//?. Polyp, gladiatum.
Wall. Cat. n. 279. P. phlebodes, Kze., Metten. Polyp, p. 92.
P. atro-punctatum, Hook, and Arii. Hot. Beech. Voy. p. 103.
P. lineare, Tli. Jap. p. 335, Ic. t. 19. Pleopeltis elongata,
Klf's. Drynaria, Brack. Polyp. Gueintzii, Metten. Polyp.
p.'9\.

Hal). India, common in all the hilly and moimtain regions (as recorded in " (iard.

Ferns" under t. 1 -«) from 5000-10,000 feet of alt. Ceylon, Sumaira, China, Japan,

Pacific Ocean, Hourhon, and Mauritius. Abyssinia, Sclihnper (P. phlebodes, Kzc).

South Africa : Kaffraria, Cato, IHIiO. large, nearly 2 inches broad (Pleni)eltis con-

VOL. V. 1

58 POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES.

cinna, Paj^pe and Rawson, in Herb, nostr.) ; Natal, Gueintzius ; Fernando Po, alt-
3000 feet, St. Thomas, alt. 5000 feet, G. Mann. — This most variahle and widely
diffused species was first well distinguished by us in Exot. Fl. f. 63, under the
name of PleopeUis nuda, so called on account of its similarity in size and shape
with the PL ensifolia, Carm., in the same work, t. 62 (our preceding species, P.
lepidotum), but it is destitute of the furfuraceous scales which so readily distin-
guish that. I fear all the above synonyms can only be considered as referring to
forms of one and the same species. The largest size, with the most niemltrana-
ceous fronds, are the P. sesquipedale. Wall. ; but between them and our Pleop.
nuda, 1. c, there are all intermediate grades.

325. P.(Phymatodes) attenuatum, Br. ; caudex long creeping
paleaceous with subulate scales, fronds scattered but approxi-
mate a span to H ft^ot long \ an inch wide firm-coriaceous
glossy linear-loriform scarcely acuminated acute the base at-
tenuated into a short stipes, costa stout prominent beneath,
veins subuniformly reticulated with no free included veinlets,
sori copious large elliptical very prominent in a single series
between the costa and the veins. — Br. Prodr. Nov. HoIL p.
146 {not of Hook. Ic. PL t.409,7ior Gen. FiL t. 71, nor of AIL
Cunningham nor of Richard, which are Dictymia lanceolata,
J. Sm.,and Polyp. Cunninghami of this work, from Neiv Zea-
land). Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 30. Dictyopteris, Pr., Moore.
Polyp. Brownianum, Spr. fide Pr. P. Brownii, " Wickstr."
Metten. Polyp, p. 85, but evidently, from the references, in-
cluding our Polyp. Cunninghami.

Hab. New Holland : Port Jackson, Brown, Sieber, Fraser, and others ; Hast-
ings river, Dr. Beckler ; Victoria, F. Mueller. Fiji Islands, Milne, Seemann, n.
723 (" Phymatodes stencphylla"). — Much confusion has arisen on the identifica-
tion of this plant from too brief a character of the learned author of it, so that
it has been confounded with a somewhat allied but very different species, the
P. Cunnir.ghami of New Zealand. It is to be hoped that our figures and more
ample characters of the respective kinds will remove all future difficulty on that
point.

326. p. (Phymatodes) Cunninghami, Hook.; caudex short
small scaly but apparently sending out runners which again
produce other such bulb-like scaly caudices, stipites short
tufted, fronds 5-10 inches long lanceolate acuminate glabrous
long and narrowly attenuated at the base subcarnoso-coria-
ceous opaque costate, veins uniformly reticulated with elon-
gated large hexagonal areoles longest at the costa, sori rather
distant in two series broad oval or subrotund prominent
compital, capsules on long pedicels very numerous and mixed
with jointed hairs. — Hook., under P. attenuatum, t. 30 of Gard.
Ferns. Polypod. attenuatum, T^ic/^, i^/. A^. Zea/.jo. 62. Hook.
Ic. PL t. 409 {not of Br.), eicl. the syns. and the locality of

59

N. Ho/land. Dictyoptcris, Hook. Gen. Fil. t.1\. B. Brack.
U. S. Expl. Exped. p. 57- Dictyoptcris lanceolata [not Polyp,
lanceolatum, L.), J. Sm. Dictyinia lanceolata, J. Sin., and
Hook. fil. FL Nov. Zeal.f. 2. p. 43.

Hah. New Zealand, frequent : Northern and Middle Isles, as far south as
Akaroa, Raoul. Isle of Mallicolla, New Hebrides, C. Moore, n. 51. — This is very
different from the preceding, though long confounded with it.

327. P. (Phymatodes) Schraderi, Metten. ; caudex creep-
ing paleaceous with blackish subulate scales, stipites aggre-
gated short scarcely more than | an inch long, fronds glabrous
2^-4-5 inches long \ an inch or little more wide lanceolate
obtusely acuminate tapering gradually into the stipes black-
ish when dry entire, veins immersed obscure reticulated
somewhat uniformly, areoles here and there including free
veinlets, sori impressed very large globose or suboval promi-
nent approximate few in two series one on each side of and
very near the costa occupying the upper portion of the frond.
— Metten. Polyp, p. 98. t. 2./. 11. P. elongatum, Schrad.
Adumhr. p. 10. t. 7, not of others {excellent). Phymatodes,
Pappe and Raivson, En. Fil. Cap. p. 41.

Ilab. Cape of Good Uo\>e,Mundi and Maire fScfilec7it.J, Dre/je. Natal, il/'A>?i,
n. 171. — Either this is a rare species or I liave been peculiarly unfortunate in
having received specimens only from M'Ken and Drege. These certainly well
accord with Schlechtendal's figure ; but what the. nature of the frond allows mo
to see of the venation does not correspond with that represented by Mettenius,
where the areoles are less elongated (longitudinally) and the free included veinlets
more frequent.

328. p. (Phymatodes) suhccostatum, Hook. ; caudex long
creeping partially paleaceous with black subulate scales and
densely woolly (as well as the copious roots) with dark-
brown tomentum, fronds sparse sessile 4-7 inches long h an
inch wide pale-green carnoso-coriaceous very ojiaque linear-
ensiform acuminated entire glabrous moderately tapering at
the base, costa internal very indistinct, costules none, vena-
tion immersed and scarcely visible but the veins (I think)
anastomosing so as to form uniform elongated areoles parallel
with the costa without any free included veinlets, sori mode-
rately large subglobose forming a single series close to the
margin chiefly occupying the upper half of the frond. — Tab.
CCLXXXIII. A.

Ilab. Borneo, trees, Sarawak, on mountains, alt. 1000 feet, Thos. Lobb. — This
has much the aspect of our /*. Cnnnivijhami of New Zealand, and even the ve-
nation, as far as the nature of the fronds will allow it to be seen ; but these

60 POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES,

fronds are quite sessile, the costa as well as the veins are very indistinct, and the
sori are smaller, more copious, and quite marginal.

329, P. (Phymatodes) tenuilore, Kze. in Metten.; caudex
long slender creeping or scandent partially scaly, stipites
scarcely any, fronds approximate membranaceous opaque 10
inches to 1^ foot long j to \ an inch wide linear-lanceolate
acuminate scarcely thickened at the margin, venation usually
manifest, costules none, the slender veiiis anastomose and
form about three very irregular series of oblong areoles often
including free veinlets the outer one constituting a marginal
vein, sori small and usually scattered without any order com-
pital or dorsal subglobose of few lax capsules or more or less
confluent and elongated sometimes forming a continued linear
sorus within the margin. — Metten. Polyp, p. 86. t. 1. f. 28
(venation). Drynaria, J. Sm. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 397
{name only). Pleopeltis, Moore. Diblemma Samarensis, /.
Sin. I.e. p. 399. Hook. Gen. Fit. t. 100. B. Fee, Gen. Fit.
p. 86 (Moore). Fee, Vittar.p. 25. Tainitis, Metten. Fil. Hort.
Lips. p. 37.

Hab. Luzon and Isle of Samar, Cuni'mg. n. 287 and 332. — I quite agree with
M. Fee, "que le specimen n. 287 (of Mr. Cuming) semble etre la meme plants
que le n. 332." The form of the frond, the venation, and the very irregular
nature of the fructification are the same. It is an aberrant Polypodium, and
bordering upon some of the AntrojjJiya.

330. p. (Phymatodes) long'ifolium, Metten.; caudex hori-
zontal creeping thick squamose, stipites approximate 2-3
inches long, fronds 1-2-3 feet long %-\\ inch wide thick
carnoso-coriaceous glabrous linear-lanceolate obtusely acu-
minate gradually long-attenuated below on the stipes entire
the margins subrevolute, venation internal very indistinct,
costules veniform united by transverse veins into rather large
areoles then into irregular lesser ones which include free
veinlets, sori compital oblong forming a line or series near
the margin rather close-placed sunk into the substance of
the frond and forming a corresponding elevated line on the
upper surface, capsules mixed with long-stipitate scales. —
Metten. Polyp, p. 87. Grammitis longifolia, Bl.En. Fil. Jav.
p. 119, atid Pleopeltis in Add., and Gr. decurrens and Pleo-
peltis decurrens, Bl. II. cc. Polyp, contiguum. Wall. n. 285 ?
Hook. Ic.Pl. X. t. 987 [or Cent, of Ferns', I. 87), Fil. Eocot. t.
20. Phymatodes and Drynaria revoluta, J. Sni. Paragramma,
Moore.

Hab. Malay Islands and Peninsula : Java, Blumc ; Luzon, Cuminr/, n. 247 >

POLYPODHTM, § IMIYMATODES. Gl

Singajjore, Low ; Mcigui, (iriffilli. — I fear tlicre is some mistake in specimens of
tliis plant marked n." 285 "in Wallicli's Cat. Tlie same iuiml)er is given to
Wallich's Polyp, coronans, a native of " Kumaoii." This is only found, I believe,
in Malaya.

331. P. (Phymatodes) sorideus, Hook.; caudex creeping
criiiite with aureo-nitent slender subulate scales, stipites 1-3
inches long, fronds 4-12 inches long not exceeding h an inch
wide coriaceous glabrous narrow-lanceolate gradually long
and finely acuminated much and gradually attenuated below
thickened at the margin entire except at the upper and fer-
tile portion which has the margin distantly sinuato-dentate
each tooth bearing a sorus, venation sometimes very distinct,
costules quite veniform anastomosing so as to form mode-
rately-sized but very irregular areoles rarely including a free
veinlet, sori rather small orbicular compital sunk in a deep
cavity which forms a corresponding small but very elevated
sack or i)ouch on the upper side and always within the tooth
at the margin.— TxVB. CCLXXXIIl. B.

Hal). Borneo, Wallace. Sarawak, on trees, Thos. Lobb. — A most distinct and
very pretty species, not easily confounded with any other. The scales of the cau-
dex are setaceo-villose, of a golden-tawny colour, and the fronds are remarkable
for the projecting, rounded, remote teeth, each one deeply impressed with a sorus.
Mr. Wallace's specimens are very opaque, and the venation not traceahle ; those
of Mr. Lobb exhibit very distinct veins.

332. P.(Phymatodes)5mwo5?«w,Wall,; caudex much branched
long-creeping or scandent on trees sparingly radiculose h an
inch to 2 inches thick almost woody when dry probably car-
nose when recent studded as it were with large conical processes
upon which the stipites are or have been articulated and which
appear to increase much in size after the fronds have fallen, the
whole densely covered (as it were tessellated) with nearly or-
bicular appressed whitish peltate scales with a dark spot in the
centre, stipites 1-2 inches long glabrous and scaleless, fronds
subdimorphous subcoriaceo-nieinbranaceous glabrous; sterile
ones .i-0-7 inches long fj-l inch broad sul)elliptical oblong
obtuse {^.niwc; fertile ones longer sometimes a foot-lG inches
long h-'^ of an inch wide linear-elongato-oblong obtuse the
margins more or less sinuated the base in both attenuato-de-
current, venation cojnous anastomosing forming large very
irregular areoles filled with lesser ones (formed by more
slender veins) and these include branched or simple veinlets
which occasionally again anastomose, sori remote large ol)long
immersed in a cavity which forms pustules on the upper sitle

62 POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES.

arranged in a single series nearer the margin than the costa.
—Wall. Cat. n. 2231.

Hab. Straits of Malacca. Finlayson, Griflith. Araboyna, ex Herb. Webb, De
Vriese and Teijsmann, n. 321. Isle of Jobi, Barclay. New Hebrides, C. Moore.
Mergui, Parish.* Java, Zollinger, n. 80G. — In general form tbe fronds have some
affinity with those of Polypodium stenophyllum, with much larger sori and much
less deeply sunk ; but the thick, woody, scandent caudex is very remarkable, like
some mammillate Euphorbia, having conical spine-like processes, from which
the fronds originate. There is, however, an example of the same kind of caudex
figured and described by Blume ;^Fil. Jav. t. 94), of which more will be said under
our Polyp, lomarioides, Kze. n. 366.

333, p. (Phymatodes) Griffithianum, Hook. ; caudex long
creeping paleaceous with long subulate ferruginous scales,
stipites very remote ^-Q inches long, fronds chartaceo-coria-
ceous glabrous 6-8 inches long 1 1-2 inches broad oblongo- or
ovato-lanceolate entire or obsoletely crenate acuminate cune-
ate at the base sometimes glaucous beneath, the margin thick-
ened, costules very distinct straight prominent beneath, the
rest of venation less distinct more or less anastomosing with
copious free veinlets in the areoles, sori very large globose
compital forming a single series on each side of and close to
the costa, — Hook. Ic. PL t. 951 {or Cent, of Ferns, t. 51).

Hab. India: on trees, Boutan and Mishmee, Griffith, Booth ; Khasya, Grif-
fith, Mrs. Mack, Hooker fit. and Thomson (the glaucous state of the plant). —
Very unlike any other Indian species, yet in habit resembling the P. glaucophyl-
lum, Kze. in Schk. Fil. i. t. 93, from South America; but that belongs to the
Goniophlebium section.

334. P. (Phymatodes) crassifoUum, L. ; caudex short
creeping soft-paleaceous with ovate acuminated scales, sti-
pites 2 inches to a span long subdistant or aggregated, fronds
1—3 feet long 1-5 inches wide coriaceous elongato-lanceolate
obtuse or suddenly or gradually acuminate much attenuated
and decurrent at the base and forming a wing upon the pe-
tiole, costules very distinct, venation also distinct in thin
specimens, veins forming primary large transverse areoles
which are again traversed by veinlets at right angles with the
veins and the areoles of these include free veinlets, sori large
forming a single series between each pair of costules. — Linn.
Sp. PL ya. 1 543. Siv. Syn. Fil. p. 2]. IVilld. Sp. PL v.p.lGl.

* While correcting the press for this sheet, I receive from Mr. Parish further
specimens of this plant, with the remark that it is " the most curious thing I
know in the May of a Fern-caudex. It grows at Mergui in large patches. The
caudex or rhizome is much branched, and the branches interlacing and overlajjping
each other often completely encircle the small branches (about the size of one's
arm) of the tree on wiiicb it invariably grows."

I'OLYl'ODHJM, §^ PIIYMATODKS. (53

Metten. Polyp, p. 109. P. macropliyllum, .S'itVy. Phymatodcs,
Pr. Dryiiaria, /. S;«. Plcuridiuni, fVe. Polypod. j^orrectum,
IFil/d. P. coriaceum, Ruddi, Fil. Dras.p. Ifi. t. 25. P. acroso-
rum and P. anocarpum, Kze. P. Vittaria, Mdten. Fil. Leckl. i.
p. S.— Plain. Fil. t. 12.3.

llab. Tropical America, most abundant, from Brazil to tlie West Indies and
Mexico, and Ecuador and I'eru. — A most common American species, and, as may
be expected, liable to considerable variation in tbe length and breadth of the
frond, and in the greater or less number of sori in each series. The species is
otiierwise an unmistakable one. Some of tiie specimens vie with the noble
Aspleniam iViclus in size and beauty; others, especially from Peru, are so narrow
as to justify the specific name of Vittaria.

335. P. (Phymatodes) cras.nnerviuin, Bl. ; caudex very
stout creeping tortuou-s with many short branches which are
setose with l()n!^-sul)uUite falcate scales, stipites remote seta-
ceo-squamose 4-6 inches long stout, fronds 1-H foot long
2-1 inches broad glabrous very firm and hard thick-co-
riaceous oblong or subovato-lanceolate acuminate cuneato-
attenuate at the base the margin callose and thickened ob-
scurely remotely subcrenate, costa very broad flat and pro-
minent, costules very stout and prominent, veins sunk and
quite obscure, sori almost universal arranged in a single series
between the costules and sunk in cavities which form pus-
tules on the upper side. — Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 145. /. 61. Metlcn.
Polyp, p. 109.

Hah. Java, Blame, Zolliitger, De J'riese and Teijsmann, n. 3, Tho.i. Lobb. — A
peculiar species, the analogue of the South American P. crassi/olium. I.., but
far more coriaceous in texture, and remarkable for the great regulariiy of the
fructifications ; the under side is quite tessellated, if I may so say, by the cavities
of fructifications, while the upper side is tessellated with the embossments.

336. P. (Phymatodes) trhpietrum, Bl. ; caudex stout long
creeping or scandent clothed with appressed closely imbri-
cated large silky pale-tawny ovate very obtuse scales, stipites
remote 4-6-8 inches long, fronds subdimorphous very thick
firm coriaceous entire scarcely incrassatcd at the margin 6-9
inches long; sterile ones 3-4 inches broad ovate or ovato-
lanceolatc acuminate obtuse or cuneate at the ha.se; fcri He
ones generally longer and narrower obloiigo-lanceolate acumi-
nate cuneato-attenuate at the i)ase, costules very distant pro-
minent beneath, venation obscure but resembling that of /-*.
siuatile, sori large biseriatc between the costules 6-8 in each
series.— fi/. Fil. Jav. p. 141. t. 59. Metten. Polyp, p. 116./. 3.

/. 33, 34 [venation).

llab. Java, Blumc, ZnUlngcr, Thox. Lobb, De Vriese and 'I'eijswann, n. 2. —

64 POLY PODIUM,

Allied to P. saxatile, especially in the nature of the paleaceous scales and in the
thickness and breadth of the fronds. From the costa above, on one specimen, is
a proliferous frond, probably the effect of some injury. Some states and forms
oi Grammitis (SelligueaJ caudiformis, Bl., are scarcely distinguishable from this.

337. P. (Phymatodes) saxatile, 'M.G.tten.^ caudex creeping
paleaceous with subulate ferruginous scales, stipites distant
2-4-5 inches long, fronds coriaceous ovato-lanceolate or lan-
ceolate thickened at the margin of 2 kinds; sterile ones 2-4
inches long obtuse ; fertile ones 6-8 inches varying much in
form from ovato-lanceolate to narrow-lanceolate more or less
acuminate and more or less cuneate or attenuate at the base,
costules very distinct rather distant prominent beneath, veins
very indistinct sunk primary ones transverse flexuose forming
large areoles occupied with smaller areoles which include free
veinlets, sori rather small inserted on the transverse veins in
two series between each pair of costules. — Metten. Polyp, p.
116. P. rupestre, Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 142. t. 55./. 2, ajid t. 60.

f. 1-3 {iiot P. rupestre, Br). Drynaria, ./. <Sm. Pleuridium,
Fee.

Hah. Java, Blume, Spanoghe. Luzon, Cuming. — ^A variable species, as may
be seen by Blume's figures, and possibly not distinct from P. triquelrum.

338. P. (Phymatodes) ovatum, Wall. ; caudex creeping
apparently underground slightly paleaceous, stipites distant
3-8 inches long sparsely paleaceous below, fronds firm-mem-
branaceous glaljrous 5-10-11 inches long 2-3 inches wide
ovate or ovato-lanceolate acuminate entire the broad base
rather suddenly attenuated so as to form a decurrent wing
on the upper part of the stipes, costules very evident slightly
prominent straight or flexuose connected by transverse veins
on which the sori are inserted, the areoles are filled with re-
ticulated veins with or without free included veinlets, the sori
are very large and prominent when mature chiefly confined
to the centre of the frond distant from the margin scarcely
arranged in series, occasionally two are confluent. — Wall, in
Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 41.

Hab. East Indies, Wallich, in Hook. Herb, (without special locality). Khasya
and Boutan, Griffith. Sikkim-Himalaya, ifoo^-er _/?/. and Thomson. — Since the
publication of Dr. Greville's fine figure in the Ic. Filicum, I possess further speci-
mens of this species, all according with the characters there exhibited. One of
my specimens, which I take to be this species, said to be from " Mai valley, Nepal,"
has more than half the sori so confluent as to appear quite grammitioid.

339. P. (Phymatodes) zoster (£f or me. Wall. ; caudex short
fragile black creeping apparently underground or rather un-

POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES. G5

dervvater scaleless, stipites very slender weak and filiform
^-1 inch long aggregated, fronds 4-6 inches long less than \
of an inch wide carnoso-membranaceous black wlien dry,
linear-vittarioid scarcely acuminate subacute entire gradu-
ally long-attenuated below into the thread-like stipes, costa
prominent beneath and scaly with blackish apjiressed some-
what fleshy small ovate scales, venation very distinct when
seen between the eye and the light, costulcs none, veins
anastomosing so as to form 2-3 series of large parallel but
very irregular areoles with no free veinlets, sori in a single
but irregular series between the costa and the margin, cap-
sules lax. — iFal/. Cut. n. 280. Metten. Polyp. p. 86 [venation).

Hab. Mount Chappedung, mouth of the river Tenasserim (not " Nepal," as in
Mettenius). — A very remarkal)le-looking plant, with the appearance and texture
and habit of an aquatic ; the stipites seem to be too weak to sup|)ort the weight of
the fronds, thin and light as these are. The venation is well represented by Met-
tenius. In a dried state this Fern has much the aspect of short specimens of
Zostera marina.

340. P. (Phymatodes) rhynchoplujllum, Hook. ; caudex
creeping slender paleaceous subsquarrose with subulate fer-
ruginous scales, stipites scattered slender 1-2 inches long
of the sterile frond, 2-4 of the fertile one, fronds firm charta-
ceo-membranaceous glossy slightly thickened remotely cre-
nate; sterile ones 1-2 inches long elliptical or subovate ob-
tuse; /er/<7e ones 3-6 inches long lanceolate from near the
base gradually and long-acuminated, below cuneato-attenu-
ated, venation distinct slightly prominent, the costules are
connected by transverse veins forming areoles which enclose
free veinlets which latter sometimes unite with opposite
veins, the sori are mostly confined to the narrow acuminated
apex and when mature are very large in a single series on
each side the costa. — Hook. Ic. Plant. 955 [or t. 55 of Cent,
of Ferns) .

Ilab. Assam, Mrs. Mack, Griffith. Khasya, Hookpr fil. and Thomson, aXt.
4000 feet. — A very pretty and very distinct species, with prominent costa, and
distinct costules, and long stipites.

341. P. (Phymatodes) stenophyllum, Bl. ; caudex creeping
paleaceous with glossy subulate pale imbricated ferruginous
scales, stipites 1-2 inches long distant, fronds firm-coriaceous
very rigid glal)rous polished 4-9 inches long \-h an inch
wide llnear-olilong obtuse the margin thickened and subre-
flexed broadly crenato-sinuate rarely narrowing upwards but
much and gradually attenuated below on the stipes, costa pro-

VOL. V. K

66 POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES.

minent beneath, costules none, veins anastomosing so as to
form oblong hexagonal oblique areoles with rarely a free in-
cluded veinletjsori rather distant oval arranged in a series close
to the margin deeply sunk into the substance of the frond form-
ing elevated pustules on the upper side one to each crenature,
the margin of the cavity elevated. — Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 135. /. 55.
/. 1. Metten. Polyp, p. 99. t.l.f. 31-34 [venation). Dry-
naria, /. Sm. Fee, 6me Mem. p. 18. t. 8./. 3.

Hab. Java, Blume. Luzon, Cuming, n. 122. Malacca, Sir William Norris.
Mount Ophir, Thos. Lohb. — A very remarkable species, the texture almost horny,
the sori are near the margin and quite sunk in a cavity.

342. P. (Phymatodes) accedens, Bl. ; caudex very long slen-
der filiform scarcely paleaceous attached to the bark of trees
by copious woolly radicles, stipites scattered 2-5 lines long,
fronds subcoriaceo-membranaceous opaque glabrous entire ;
sterile ones 1-1^ inch long oblong ovate ohtnse ; fertile ones
2-3| inches long from a broad cuneate base rather suddenly
long- but obtusely-acuminated, venation obscure no distinct
costules, areoles copious irregular including free veinlets, sori
large for the size of the plant on the acuminated portion
in a single series on each side the costa. — Bl. En, Fil. Jav.
p. 121. Metten. Polyp, p .92. P. cusp}diB.orum, Reinw. in
Herb, nostr. Drynaria, J. Sm. Cuspidaria, Fee. Drynaria
acuminata. Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Ea:ped. p. 42.

Hab. Java, Blume, De Vriese, in Herb, nostr. Luzon, Cuming, n. 109. Fiji
Islands, Seemann, n. 27. Samoan and Navigators' Islands and Tahiti, Bracken-
ridge. — In habit allied to P. rhynchophyllum, but with much smaller, more opaque,
very indistinctly veined, and nearly sessile fronds.

343. P. (Phymatodes) rostratwn, Hook. ; caudex very
long filiform creeping branched setaceous with very slender
subulate scales, stipites remote 1-2 inches long, fronds
scarcely dimorphous from 2-4 ^ inches long \ an inch to an
inch wide coriaceo-membranaceous opaque glabrous lanceo-
late or elliptical or ovato-lanceolate rather suddenly subros-
trato-acuminate ; sterile ones often the shortest and most
ol)tuse, venation internal obscure, veins copiously reticulated,
areoles mostly oblong angular obliquely directed from the
costa (no costules) each including one simple or branched
veinlet, sori very large in a single series on each side and
near to the costa occupying the upper half of the frond or
nearly the vvhole length. — Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 953 {or Cent, of
Ferns, t. 53).

POLYPODIUM, § PIIYMATODES. G)

ITab. Eastern Himalaya, Khasya, Mislimee and Boiifan, Griffith, Hooker fit.
and Thomson. — Habit of /'. rhynchophyllnm and P. accedens, but very different
in tlie form of the frond and in the nature of the venation.

344. P. (Phymatodcs) irioides, Lam.; "caudex creeping
clothed with brown-black ovate obtuse scales, fronds 1-.5
feet long coriaceo-carnose very glabrous sessile or shortly
stipitate elongato-lanceolate towards the base gradually atte-
nuated and decurrent as far as the very base of the stipes
entire the margin revolute acuminate or obtuse at the apex
undivided or irregularly dichotonious fertile in the upper
portion, costa manifest, venation that of Drynar'ia immersed
(visible in the dried state), areoles with numerous incurved
appendices, free veinlets incrassated at the apex, costal
areoles sterile the rest 4-6-seriate fertile bearing numerous
sori (14-20) irregularly scattered, sori semi-immersed minute
inserted on a manifest receptacle on the back of the veinlets
or on the angle of the lesser areoles." Metten. — Willd. Sp. PL
\.p. 160. Bl. Fit. Jav. p. 16. /. 7. Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil.
t. 125. Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 38. t. 20. /. 10 (/. 7 in
Metten. Polypod.). Phymatodes, ?r. Drynaria, /. Sm. P.
sessile, KaiiJf. Microsorium, Lk., Fee. M. irregulare, Lk. Fee.
Gen. t. 20. B.f. 3. Phymatodes polycarpa, Pr. Tent. p. 19S.
/. 8./. 19. Aspidium microcarpum, Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. M2.
Polyp, glabrum, Roxb. in JFall. Cat. n. 281. P. polycepha-
lum. Wall. Cat. n. 273.

Hab. India: Malay Islands and Archipelago, Malacca, tropical Bengal, Assam,
Silhet, Boutan, Madras Peninsula, Nilghiri, etc. China: Macao, Chnsan. Australia:
Moreton Bay, ^IW. Cunningham, Mueller. South Vac'i^c, Bidwill, Sir F. Grey. Fiji
Islands, Seemann (Drynaria musajfolia, /. Sm. in Flor. Vict.), Harvey. New CaW-
donia, C.Moore. FHca\ru'sH\a.ml, Mathejvs. Isleof Pines, jl/t7«e. Africa: Mauri-
tius and Bourbon, Madagascar, £yaZ^/ Zam\>es\, Dr. Kirk ; YernandoPo, Barter ;
and Liberia, Vogel ; west coast, south of the tropics, Curror. South Africa, Natal ,
Sanderson. — See observations under the next species, P. munarfolium.

345. P. (Phymatodes) nnisafolium, Bl. ; "caudex creeping
clothed with ovate acuminate scales, fronds 1-3 feet long
mcmbranaceo-coriaceous deep-green smooth above and at
the apex of the free veinlets bearing a calcareous scale ses-
sile or shortly stipitate oblong-spathulate or elongato-lanceo-
late shortly acuminate or obtuse soriferous in the upper ])or-
tion, areoles of Drynaria, the veins manifestly elevated Cccru-
lescent (manifestic exculptic ceerulescentes), costal areoles slc-
rilc the rest 4-7-seriate fertile bearing 6-15 sori minute irre-
gularly scattered of 8-12 capsules which are superficial placed
on the back of the veinlets which form secondary areoles, or

68 POLYPODIUM, ^ PHYMATODES.

subterminal on the back of the free veinlets," Metten.—Bl.FU.
Jav. p.l7l.t. 79. Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 38. t. 20./. 7
[venation). Polyp, p. 118.

Hab. Java, Blume, Zollinger. Amboyna {ex Herb. Webb, in Herb, nostr.,
16-18 inches long, quite sessile, spathulate, obtuse, cordate, and broad-eared
at the base). — Except garden specimens, my herbarium only possesses this plant
from Amboyna, and even this is marked " P. irioides ?" by Mr. Moore, I am
not therefore in a position, with such imperfect materials, to say if the species be
truly distinct from the well-known, wide-spread, and very variable P. irioides.
The texture of the frond is thinner, the venation coarser and more prominent,
and the areoles larger. Neither the figures nor description of P. irioides and P.
muscefolium of Blume (and he is the author of the latter species) seem to justify
the view of their being distinct.

346. P. (Phymadictyon) myriocarpum, Metten. ; caudex
creeping, stipes none save the winged portion of the rachis,
frond firm-membranaceous 2-3 feet long 2-4 inches wide very
elongato-lanceolate acuminate long and gradually tapering to
tlie very base so as in that sense to be called sessile, entire and
not thickened at the margin, costa very prominent beneath,
venation manifest slightly prominent beneath, costules dis-
tinct distant slender straight stopping short at ^ or | of
the way from the costa and there forming a series of very
large costal primary areoles, a second series of stout veins
forms smaller but still very conspicuous areoles and the
space between the second series and the margin is filled
up with an irregular network of lesser areoles with copious
included free veinlets, sori most abundant minute scattered
over the veinlets. — P. myriocarpum, Metten. Polypod. p. 105.
/. \.f. 3 [venation), not Hook. Phymatodes, Pr. Drynaria
longissima, /. Sm. Microsorium, Fee, Gen. Fil. t. 20. B.f. 2.

Ilab. Luzon, Cuming, n. 66. Borneo, Sarawak, on limestone, Tkos. Lohb. —
This belongs to the same (Microsorous-) group of Polypodium as P. irioides, and
the form is quite of that variety, which lias fronds tapering below and loiig-de-
current wings upon the stipes ; but if there is any reliance to be placed on the ve-
nation, it cannot but be distinct. This is well represented in Mettenius's figure,
1. c. My specimen from Borneo is twice as I)road as those from Luzon, and the
primary costal areole 1 ^ inch long and | of an inch broad. One frond from
Cuming is irregularly pinnatiiid with segments, some of which are 7 inches long
and ^ of an inch wide, but I look upon it as a lusus naturce.

347- P. (Phymatodes) Schomburgkii, Kze. ; caudex long
creeping or scandent branched i an inch to an inch or more
in thickness densely clothed with long soft silky lanceolate
whitish finely acuminate scales with a brown line down the
middle, stipites remote 2-3 inclies long, fronds subcoriacco-
membranaceous I-It foot long 1 1-3 inches wide elliptical

POLYPOUIUM, § PMYMATODES. 69

ol)long or broad oblongo-lanceolatc rather suddenly and sub-
caudately aeuminate gradually attenuated below, the inarghi
thickened entire, costules none, venation sufficiently evident,
primary veins forming large transverse soriferous areoles
next the costa, these and the rest of the frond are occupied
up with smaller elongated simple or compound areoles witli
or without free veinlets, sori very large subrotund or trans-
versely oblong arranged in a single series nearer the costa
than to the margin. — Kze. in Sc/ik. Fil. SappL j). 88. t. 42.
Metten. Polyp, p. 98. Phymatodes, /. Sm. Drynaria, Fee.

Hah. British Guiana, Sc/iombiirffk, n. 902. Brazil: Para, on trees, «. 582,
Ivio Negro, n. 1511, and S. Gabriel, «. 2321), Spruce. — A fine and very peculiar
species, with a caudex resembling a hare's foot and often thicker, with no trace of
costules, and but a single series of very large sori.

348. P. (Phymsitodes) fusco-punctatum, Hook. ; caudex long
creeping or scandent branched slender partially paleaceous
with ovate acuminate scales, stipites apart but approximate
scarcely more than h an inch long compressed, fronds firm-
membranaceous subchartaceous 6-9 inches long 1-1 :[ inch
broad lanceolate finely acuminated gradually attenuated at
the base glabrous entire copiously sprinkled on both sides
with dark-brown (not pellucid) dots, venation very conspicu-
ous elevated on both sides, no costules, veins very unift)rmly
reticulated forming a series of costular oblong areoles the
rest are hexangular ones as long as broad with very rarely a
free included simple veinlet, sori large generally compital ar-
ranged in a single uniform series between the costa and the
margin.— Tab. CCLXXXV. A.

I lab. Ecuador, ascent of Chiniborazo, alt. 3000 feet. Spruce. — The figure of
the venation here given will explain that better than any description can do.

349. P. (Phymatodes) normale, Don ; caudex very long
creeping or scandent often as thick as a writing-jien the
young portions clothed with black subulato-setaceous squar-
rose scales in age perfectly smooth, stipites very numerous
on the caudex more or less approximate 1-2 inches long
and as well as the costa reddish stramineous, fronds firm-
membranaceous glabrous varying extremely in size 1-2 feet or
more long ij of an inch to 2 inches wide lanceolate or elon-
gato-lanceolate or loriform generally long and finely acumi-
nate gradually attenuated and dccurrent at the l)ase entire
subfalcate or fiexuose, veiuition slightly prominent especially
beneath, costules none, veins forming rather large but very

70 POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES.

irregular areoles with free included veinlets, sori mostly com-
pital rather large arranged in a single regular series nearer
the costa than to the mai'gin or in a waved line partially
scattered or very copious and irregularly dispersed over the
whole under-surface of the frond. — Metten. Polyp, p. 86. t. 1.
f. 41-43. — Var. a, normalis ; frond 1-1^ foot long ^ an inch
to 1 inch wide. Polypod. normale, Don, Prodr. Nep. p. 1.
Phymatodes, Pr. Drynaria, J. Sm. — Var. /S, latijrons ; fronds
1-1^ foot long 1-2 inches wide, sori regularly uniserial. —
Var. 7, sparsisora ; fronds 2-.3 feet long ^-1 inch wide, sori
irregularly scattered and copious. P. longifrons. Wall. Cat.
n. 274. Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 65. Drynaria, Fee.

Hab. Var. a and 7. Nepal, and throughout northern Bengal, Khasya, and As-
sam, alt. 4000-6000 feet, Wallich, Griffith, Hooker fil. and Thomson.— y ax. ^.
Malacca, Griffith. Moulraeine, Parish, n. 65, 176 (alt. 4000 feet), Thos. Lobb.
China, Hance, Alexander. Formosa, Swiiihoe. — I cannot doubt but Mettenius is
correct in uniting the P. lonffifrons. Wall., with the P. normale of Don, notwith-
standing the different arrangement of the sori ; my numerous intermediate speci-
mens quite justify such a union, and my var. y exhibits intermediate states be-
tween those two.

350. P. (Phymatodes) membrayiaceum, Don ; caudex creep-
ing stout the younger portion paleaceous with blackish-green
ovate acuminate scales, stipites distant or subaggregated 1-5
inches long if longer winged above with the decurrent base
of the frond, fronds 6 inches to 2-3 feet long by less than an
inch to 6 inches broad ! thin-membranaceous and translucent
or tirm-meuibranaceous and opaque lanceolate or oblongo-
lanceolate or oblanceolate acuminate the base long attenuated
and much and gradually decurrent upon the stipes glabrous,
the margin entire or more or less deeply sinuato-lobate or
pinnatifid and even fimbriated throughout the whole length
with long narrow unequal segments, venation very distinct,
costules horizontal or nearly so slender usually remote con-
nected by transverse veins which form the primary areoles
and these are filled up with irregular network of which the
areoles are very unequal and include copious free veinlets,
sori compital rather small usually in two series between the
costules more or less numerous according to the width of
the frond rarely reduced to one sorus near the costa where a
single series parallel with the costa isf ormed, not unfrequently
there are 3-4-5 series (not very regular) between the costa
in one instance a single series only appears between the cos-
tules and those of a verv large size and abnormal in form

'HYMATODES. 7l

often oval or ol)long and lying parallel with tlie costules. —
Don, Prodr. Fl. Ncp. p. 2. Met ten. Po/i/pod. p. 118. P.
grandifolium, fi'alL Cat. n. 282 {a very Jm-ge form). P. lie-
terocarpum, Bl. Fil. Jav. p. IG/. t. 75 (P. Zollingerianum,
Kze. and Mctten.).

Ilab. Apparently common all over India proper: Bengal, Khasya, Assam,
Boutan, and westward to Kumaon (alt. 6500 feet), Madras and Bombay Presi-
dencies. Ceylon, abundant, Gardner, n.WAb. Java, Blume, Milled (firmer tex-
ture and more oi)aque). — It is utterly impossible to attempt to characterize in few
words such a truly polymorphous plant as this, in the size and shape and texture,
in the form and disposition of the sori, etc. Much of these variations may be
considered abnormal, a freak of nature, especially in the deeply ))iiinatifid fronds
and in the case where only a single series of large, pulvinate, misshapen sori ap-
pears between the costules. By far the greater number of our specimens have
the fronds more thin and membranaceous than, perhaps, any known Fern, soine-
limes almost as thin and pellucid and as bright a green as Ulva Lactuca. P.lie-
terocarjmm, Bl., well accords with some of our specimens with the firmer and
less meral)ranaceous fronds, but the stipes is unusually long, and the name is far
from applicable.

351. P. (Phymatodes) superficiale, Bl. ; caudex very long
creeping or scandent branched tortuose sparingly paleaceous
with subscariose short lanceolate scales, stipites more or less
distant 2-6 inciies long often curved upwards, fronds G-12
inches long 1-2 inches broad straight or subfalcate lirm-
menibranaceous generally very opaque lanceolate or oblongo-
lanceolate entire glabrous finely acuminated, below gradually
attenuated and decurrent upon the stipes, no distinct cos-
tules, primary veins obliquely patent fle.\uose slender united
by transverse veins so as to form about four rows of large
subquadrate areoles, these are again divided into irregular
lesser ones which include free simple or branched veinlets,
sori small arranged in two irregular series between the pri-
mary veins.— i?/. Fil. Jav. p. 13G. t. 56./. 1 {excellent). P.
hymenodes, Wall. Cat. n. 283 {not of Kze., according to Met-
ten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 37. /. 25./ 40-41. Fee, Polyp. p. 115).

Ilab. Java, Blame, De Vriese and Teijsmann, n. 27. Chappadong Mountain,
Tenasserim, Wallich, Griffith. Khasya, Boutan, Griffilh, Hooker fil. and Thom-
son, alt. 3000-GOOO feet. Hongkong and Tsus-Sima, coast of Corea, Wilford.—
Var. ^, brevifolia ; fronds very opaque sul)coriaceous siiorter and broader in pro-
portion, sori larger but few and S])arse, possibly distinct. Java, De Vriese, and
Malay Islands, Thos. Lobb. — This is well figured by Bhinie, and is certainly the
P. hymenodes, Wall., but not of Kze. and Mettenius, according to the latter; yet
his figure is sufficiently satisfactory for our plant.

352. P. (Phymatodes) oodes, Kze. ; caudex creeping fili-
form setaceo-paleaceous with fulvous hairs rather than scales,
stipites wide apart 3-3i inches long slender filiform glabrous

72 POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES.

glossy, fronds subchartaceous firm and probably rather fleshy
when recent, 11-2^ inches long 1-1 j inch wide exactly ovate
obtuse obtusely cuneate at the base entire glabrous opaque
rather obscurely costate, costules internal subreniform united
by transverse veins forming a few large areoles and those
filled with an irregular network of smaller areoles enclosing
one or more free veinlets, sori compital small the superior
ones form a single series on each side the costa the rest are
few on my specimens and irregularly arranged. — Kse. in
Bot. Zelt. iv. p. 421. Metten. Polyp, p. 115. t. S.ff. 27, 28.
Drynaria, Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 270, 6me Mem. Foug. Nouv. p. 19.

t.7./.4.

Hab. Luzon. Cuming, n. 58. — So distinct a species that it needs no comment.
It appears to be very rare.

353. P. (Phymatodes) Zippelii, Bl. ; caudex creeping palea-
ceous with black scales, stipites distant or approximate short
1-2 inches long but winged with the decurrent base of the
frond, frond 10-12 inches long 1-H inch broad elongato-lan-
ceolate firm-membranaceous acuminate long-attenuated below
and gradually decurrent to the base of the stipes entire gla-
brous, venation evident, costules distant obliquely patent
slender connected by transverse veins including a network of
smaller irregular areoles which have occasionally a free simple
included veinlet, sori small compital subbiseriate between
the costules but in general numerous and very irregular. — BL
Fil. Jav.p. 172. t. 80. Metten. Polyp. p.\\5. P. oxyphyllum,
Kze. in Bot. Zeit. vi. j)- 116 [fide Metten.). Drynaria sub-
falcata, /. Sm., and D. undulata {names only) ; the latter Met-
tenius refers to P. membranaceum, Don.

Hab. Java, Blume, Zollinger. Luzon, Cuming, n. 113 (Dryn. subfalcata, J. Sm.,
n. 250, D. undulata,/. Sm..), Thos. Lobb. — Well represented by Blume, 1. c. All
my specimens are very uniform.

354. P. (Phymatodes) ensatum, Thunb.; caudex long-
creeping flexuose paleaceous with lanceolate dirty-brown
scales, stipites remote a span to a foot long dark-brown
often scaly below, fronds dark blackish-green 6-7 inches
(and fertile) to a foot and a half long lj-3 inches wide
broad-lanceolate acuminate long-attenuate and gradually de-
current below, entire or subsinuous at the margin glabrous,
venation very evident, costules distinct horizontally patent
united irregularly by flexuose transverse veins into large sub-

POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES. 7-^

quadrate primary areoles which are filled up with a less irre-
gular network of which the areoles enclose frequent free and
branched veinlets, sori also verj^ irregular as to size and ar-
rangement compital, sometimes between the costules is only
one large orbicular sorus collectively arranged in a single
series parallel with and near to the costa sometimes there
are two or three between the costules at other times there is
a single or a double series of few sori between the costules
and these extremely irregular in shape often oblong and linear
(grammitoid) and placed transversely with regard to the
costa. — Tliunb. in Linn. Trans. \\. p. 341. Kze. in Bot. Zeit.
vi. p. 494. Siv. Syn. Fil. p. 29. WiUd. Sp. PL v. 158. Met-
ten. Polyp, p. 116. P. Phyllitidis, Thunb. FL Jap. p. 335.

Ilab. Japan, Thunberg, Zollinger, Oldham, C. Wright. Tsiis Sima, coast of
Corea, TVitford. — A noble species, but nearlj- allied to P. hemioniiideum, Wall.

355. P. (Phymatodes) hemionitideum,V^^?\\.; caudex creep-
ing apparently underground scarcely paleaceous, stipites more
or less remote 2 inches to a span and more long winged up-
w^ards reddish-brown, fronds 8 inches to 1^ foot long 2-3
inches wide membranaceous subchartaceous suljtranslucent
oblong or broad-lanceolate acuminate, below rather suddenly
very long attenuate and gradually decurrent sometimes al-
most to the base of the stipes, entire glabrous, venation very
evident and prominent, costules slender horizontal or nearly
so united by transverse veins so as to form about five series
of large subquadrate areoles and these including small ones
with or without free veinlets, sori compital rather large
forming one series between the costules and these very irre-
gular in shape and size rarely subglobose usually oblong
or even (by confluence) linear lying transversely with regard
to the costa parallel with the costules. — Wall. Cat. p. 284.
Metten. Polyp. p.\\2. Drynaria, J. Sm. Selliguea, Pr. Tent.
Pterid. p. 216. t. 9./. 17. Colysis, Pr. Epim. p. 147.

Hab. India: Nepal, JJ'allich ,- Assam and Kliasya, Griffith, Simons, Hooker
Jil. and Thomson (ah. 4000-6000 feet). Nilghiri, M'/z^or, w. 40.— A most dis-
tinct si)ecies, uniting tbe Phymatodes group of Polypodium with the Selliguea
group of Gymnogramme.

** Fronds simple, lobafe or hastate. Sp. 356-359.

356. P. (Phymatodes) Labrusca, Hook. ; caudex stout
thick erect or ascending densely clothed with long subulato-
setaceous dark-brown scales, stipites aggregated nearly ter-
minal on the caudex 4-8 inches long, fronds 3-4 inches long

74 POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES.

2^2-3 inches wide cordate or acute entire or sinuato-lobate
with a deep sinus at the base forming two rounded lobes, cos-
tules evident distant united by transverse veins into areoles
which are filled by a network of lesser irregular areoles en-
closing free veinlets, sori small copious scattered without order
over the surface of the frond. (Tab. CCLXXXV. B.)

Hab. Borneo, oa limestone rock, Sarawak, Thos. Lobb. — A most distinct well-
marked species, with fronds quite resembling the leaves of Vitis Labrusca.

357. P- (Phymatodes) hastaium, Th. ; caudex stout creep-
ing densely mottled above with subulate ferruginous flaccid
scales, stipites more or less approximate 1^-6 inches long
glabrous glossy, fronds coriaceo-membranaceous glabrous
2-6-7 inches long \ an inch to 1^ inch wide from a broad
truncate or cordate base simple and oblong acuminated
with a black thickened entire or sinuated margin or hastately
trilobed or 3-partite with three spreading equal lanceolate
lobes, costules very distinct horizontal, veins forming a fine
irregular network over the rest of the frond, the small areoles
including free veinlets, sori moderately large compital rather
distant forming a single series (alternating with the costules)
between the costa and the margin. — Thunb. Fl. Jap. iii.^j. 335,
Ic. FL Jap. p. 10. Kze. in Schk. Fil. p. 198. t. 83. Metten.
Polyp. p. 106. t. 1./. 18 [venation).

Hab. Japan, Thunberg, probably chiefly in the southern islands. Kin Sin and
Simoda, C. Wright. Kino Ohosima, Oldham. Nagasaki, Babington, Oldham.
Formosa, Wilford, n. 519, Swinhoe.

358. P. (Phymatodes) Spectrum, Klfs. ; caudex very long
creeping or scandent the younger portions covered with close-
pressed imbricating deciduous subulate black scales, stipites
distant or approximate 2-5 inches long, fronds firm chartaceo-
membranaceous 4-8 inches long (but often broader than long)
reniformly or cordately triangular (rarely hastate) the lobes
large acuminate the base produced into two broad lobes on
each side the stipes and there forming a deep sinus, the lobes
so large as not unfrequently to overlap each other at their
base, costules evident but slender veniforra united by trans-
verse veins forming large areoles filled up with lesser ones
which include copious free branched veinlets, the branches
divaricated short bearing the sori at the apex or on the back,
sori small copious irregularly scattered. — Kavlfs. En. Fil. p. 94.
Hook, and Am. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 103. Drynaria, J. Sm.

POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES. 75

Brack. Fil. U. S. Evpl. Evpecl. p. 46. Phymatodes, Pr.
Polyp. Thouinianum, Gaud, in Freyc. Voy. Bot. p. 348. /. 5.
f. 1 [excellent).

Hab. Sandwich Islands, Chamisso, BeccliPij, Gaudichaud, Brackenridye, Ilille-
brand. Sumatra, Terschemacker, n. 33. — Variable in shape, but an ordinary form
is that of a skate or that of a I)at with outspread wings, for the side-lobes often
quite overpower the central one. I do not find that Mcttenius has noticed this
under his " Pobjpodium " at all.

359. P. (Phymatodes) tridactylon, Wall. ; caudex creep-
ing branched (our specimens always clogged with earth) the
young apices only paleaceous with blackish lanceolato-subu-
late scales, stipites more or less apart 1-3-4 inches or 1 foot
long winged upwards and as well as the back of the costa to-
wards the base furfuraceo-squamose, fronds 2-3-9 inches
long f-U and 2 inches wide firm membranaceous very dark
dirty-green when dry often intensely black lanceolate acu-
minate and quite entire sometimes subhastato-trilobate or
tripartite or 5-fido-pinnatifid, below long-tapering into a gra-
dually decurrent wing upon the petiole glabrous, the margin
entire, segments 4-10 inches long linear- or broad-lanceolate
acuminate terminal one the largest, venation very conspicu-
ous, costules prominent Ijeneath rather wide apart extending
about two-thirds of the way to the margin there uniting and
forming large costal areoles within which the sori have their
origin, a second series of smaller areoles is formed nearer the
margin and these and the rest of the frond are filled up with
a network of smaller irregular areoles including free veinlets,
sori small not very numerous compital upon the secondary
veins of the primary areole. — Wall. Cat. n. 315. Hook, and
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 209. Metten. Polyp, p. 104. t. 1. /. 39, 40
[venation). Phymatodes, Pr. Drynaria, Fee. Drynaria dubia,
J. Sm. in Hook. Journ. of Bot. iii. p. 397 {name only). Poly-
podium pteropus, Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 168. t. 76 [very good, but
larger than our specimens). Metten. Polyp, p. 104. t. 1. n. 36
and^t"].

Hab. India : Nepal and Sylhet. Malay Islands : Isle of Samar, Cuminr/, n.
324 ; Java, Blume, De Vriese and Teijsmann, n. 45 ; Mergui, OriJfitU. Moul-
nieine, Parish, n. 64. Chittagong, Assam, Khasya, Hooker fil. and Thomson.
Madras Peninsula, fVight, n. 59, 62, and 3460. Nilghiri, Beddome, n. 98 (" an
aquatic," and all the specimens have the appearance of being so). — A very poly-
morphous species, it must be allowed, as will be seen by the respective figures
(juoted ; but all agree in the very large and distinct primary costal areoles, well
represented by Dr. Grevillc, by Blume, PresI, and Mcttenius. Our largest speci-
mens, and sometimes the smaller and entire -fronded, have the sori very couunonly

76 POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES.

confluent into transverse oblong or linear sori, quite grammitoid. Occasionally
the sori form a solitary series on each side the costa (in the simple-fronded forms),
and then they are rather large.

*** Fronds pinnatifid. Sp. 360-383.

360. P. (Phymatodes) angustuni, Metten. ; caudex creep-
ing nearly as thick as a duck's quill paleaceous with brown
narrow crisped scales, stipites remote or aggregated 2-5
inches long and as well as the costa often ebony-black and
the whole under side more especially of the plant sparsely
clothed with small ovate peltate appressed ciliated scales,
fronds coriaceous flabelliform in outline deeply but irregularly
digitato-pinnatifid almost to the rachis with linear acumi-
nated entire segments 3-5 inches long, the base broad and
decurrent, the margin thickened most so on the under side,
costae very distinct but the venation is internal and very ob-
scure, sori oval rather large partially sunk in the thick frond
approximate forming a single series parallel with the costa
and occupying the upper half of the segments mixed with
peltate stipitate scales. — Metten. Polyp, p. 90. Pleopeltis, H.
B. K. Nov. Gen. Am. i. p. 9. t. 1. Willd. Sp. PL y. p.2l\.
Phlebodium, J. Sni. Polypod. peltidifolium, Raddi, Fil. Bras,
p. 16./. 21. Hook. Ex. Ft. t.Q\. Pleopeltis Raddiana, Gau-
dich. Drynaria torulosa, Fee, 6me Mem. Foug. Nouv. p. 17-
/. 5./. 4. D. stenoloma, Fee, I. c. p. 8. t. 4./. 1. Pol. secti-
frons, Metten. Polyp, p. 99.

Hab. Mexico, Humboldt, Galeofti. Guatemala, Skinner, n. 038, 6368, and
6532 (Drynaria torulosa, Fee). Brazil, abundant. — This is the Fern upon which
Humboldt's genus of Pleopeltis was founded. It is a well-marked species in the
digitate or subdigitate or even subpalmate form of the frond, the lower segments
being generally equal in length with the rest and erecto-patent. The locality
seems rather limited. It appears to avoid the hotter and moister parts of the
tropics.

361. P. (Phymatodes) leucosporum, Kl. ; caudex long
creeping clothed with narrow appressed scales, stipites stout
distant 4 inches to a span and more long deciduously palea-
ceous, fronds very coriaceous 3 inches to a span long lan-
ceolate an inch to 2-3 inches broad in the broadest part fur-
furaceo-squamose on both sides deeply pinnatifid in the
lower half, the upper half much narrower sinuato-pinnatifid
entire or obtuse, segments horizontal inferior ones often 1^
inch long but very unequal oblong obtuse entire or slightly
sinuatCj upper and much shorter ones subtriangular-semi-

11

ovate, costa prominent on both sides, veins quite sunk and
obscure, sori copious very large prominent subrotund or sub-
oval forming a series on each side the costule of the segments
(often extending to the main costa) or in the upper portion
of the frond on each side the main costule to the apex. — Kl.
in L'mncea, xx.p. 404. Metten. Polyp. p. 89. Eat. Fil. Wright,
et Fendl. p. 47.

Hab. Columbia, Moritz, Burschel. Venezuela, Fendler, n. 251. — A very fine
species, very variable in size and in the length of the segnaents ; one of my spe-
cimens is forked at the apex of the terminal segments.

362. P. (Phymatodes) oxijIobum,V\[dl\.; caudex creeping
stout paleaceous with dense subulato-falcate ferruginous
scales, stipites 2-5 inches long, fronds coriaceous or coriaceo-
membranaceous 6-12 inches and more long deltoideo-ovate
acuminate deeply pinnatifid to within ^ an inch of the rachis
with .'i-ll segments wliich are ^-G inches long ^-1 inch
wide very patent from a broad base oblongo-lanceolate very
finely acuminated entire thickened at the margin, the lowest
ones cuneato-decurrent, terminal segment often the longest
and most narrowly acuminated, venation conspicuous, cos-
tules often prominent beneath distant united by transverse
veins forming 3-4 series of primary areoles which are filled
up by lesser ones including free veinlets, sori large not sunk
arranged in a single series nearer the costa than the margin.
— Wall. Cat. n. 294. Metten. Polyp, p. 106. Phymatodes,
Pr.

Hab. Kumaon, alt. 7000 feet, WalUch, Strachcy and Winterhottom ; thence
east to Khasya, alt. 4000-5000 feet, Griffith, lluoJcer fil. and Thomxon. Nil-
ghcrries, Beddomp, n. 99 (margins of the segments sinuato-sublobate). — The
slightly attenuated and cuneated base of the frond, the thickened margin scarcely
at all serrated, and the sharply acuminated segments, are characteristic of this
species.

363. P. (Phymatodes) incurvatum, Bl. ; caudex creeping
paleaceous, stipites scattered a span to a foot long of the ste-
rile frond, 2 feet of the fertile glossy-brown, fronds firm-coria-
ceous glossy dimorphous ; s/f'y-i/e ones 6-10 inches long 8 inches
to 1 foot wide hastato-tripartite rarely pinnatifid with 4-6
lateral lobes, lobes ovato-acuminate entire horizontal terminal
one very large all thickened at the margin, costules distinct
but immersed, venation internal and very indistinct; fertile
fronds very long stipitate 10 inches to a foot long nearly
as much wide very broad ovate deeply pinnatifid nearly to
the rachis, below subjiinnatc, segments 5-15 4-8 inches long

78 POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES.

very remote linear and acuminate decurrent at the base, sori
large copious oval sunk into a very deep cavity which forms
a circular elevated truncated tubercle on the opposite side,
occupying the space between the costa and the margin in a
single series. — Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 151. t. 65. Metten. Polyp. p.
106. ^. 1./. 30 {venation).

Hab. Java, Blmne, De Vriese and Teijsmmin, n. 8, Thos. Lobb, n. 218.
Mount Ophir, Straits of Malacca, Griffiith. — A very handsome and very peculiar
species.

364. P. (Phymatodes) ins'igne, Bl. ; caudex short creeping
paleaceous with deciduous ferruginous scales, stipes 1—2
inches or more long (according to the length of the decurrent
wing of the frond), fronds subtriangular-ovate membranaceous
glabrous 4-6 inches long (independent of the decurrent wing)
and as much broad subdeltoid deeply pinnatifid with 5-9
lanceolate spreading acuminate segments, the base of the
frond subcuneate and decurrently attenuated so that the
stipes is winged for the greater part or even the whole of its
length, venation distinct, costules slender veniform united by
transverse veins forming 2-4 series of primary areoles which
are filled by a very delicate network forming lesser areoles
including free divaricating veinlets, sori very small generally
two on each transverse veinlet but appearing to be irregularly
scattered. — Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 166. t. 74 [very good). Metten.
Polyp, p. 117. P- difFundens, Kze. in Bat. Zeit. iv. p. 422.
Drynaria decurrens, Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exped. p. 48. D.
palmata, /. Sm. {as relates to Cuming's n. 52; not Polyp,
palmatum, BL).

Hab. Java, Blmne. Luzon, Cuming, n. 52, Brackenridge. — A very distinct
species. Small specimens resemble some states of P. tridactylon, Wall., to which,
indeed, Mettenius refers Cuming's n. 52.

365. p. (Phymatodes) bifrons, Hook.; caudex very long-
creeping branched and often tortuous naked or only very
sparingly clothed with small ovate obtuse blunt peltate scales,
fronds scattered dimorphous; sterile ones sessile 3-4 inches
long 1 inch at most wide membranaceous glabrous lanceolate
attenuated at the base pinnatifid halfway down to the costa
with oblong or ovato-oblong ol)tuse segments, venation evi-
dent, costules slender veniform running up into the segments,
veins anastomosing forming costal parallel oblong areoles
with forked free veins and rather large suborbicular ones occa-
sionally including a free veinlet ;/er^i/e fronds 4-6 inches long

79

on short petioles 2-4 lines wide linear acuminated attenuated
below sinuato-lobate at the margin each lobe soriferous. veins
forming two irregular series of oblong large areolcs, sori very
large oblong pulvinate occupying the space between the
margin and the costules. — Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 52.

Hab. "Ecuador, on a tree by the river-side, near Archidona (124 m. N.E. of
Quito) ; the plants were partially immersed in water, and to the root or caiidex
were attached hollow succulent tubers, in which the ants had taken refuge,"
Jameson, n. 789. — I know nothing like this very distinct and remarkable Fern,
which has only been detected in the locality above mentioned. All my specimens
are quite uniform.

366. p. (Phymatodes) lomarioides, Kze. ; caudex creeping
constituting a stout probably when recent spongy mass 2-3
inches and more thick bullatc Avith large swellings on the
surface and conical processes on which the stipites are
jointed, the whole tessellated as it were and silvery-grey with
a coating of small peltate scales which have a dark spot in
the centre, stipites subaggregate 2-4 inches long, fronds di-
morphous coriaceous deeply pinnatifid ; sterile fronds 6-14
inches long broad-oblong deeply but not to the rachis pinna-
tifid, segments 5-17 pairs 2 rarely 3 inches long f-1 inch
wide oblong very obtuse often dilated upwards and truncate,
venation distinct, costules veniform uniting not far from the
margin so as to form a large primary areole (which in the
contracted fertile frond includes the sorus), the rest of the
venation forms irregular copious oblong areoles which in-
clude copious free and divaricating close-placed veinlets ;
fertile fronds 1-H foot long oblong 4-5 inches wide pinna-
tifid nearly to the rachis (below almost pinnated) with 20-30
or more broad linear obtuse or truncated segments, sori large
quite sunk in a cavity represented by tubercles on the other
side oval forming a single series between the costule and
margin. — Kze. in Metten. Folyp. p. 102. Drynaria, J. Sm.
{name only). — Abnormal for-m, Lecanopteris carnosa, Bl. En.
Fil. Jav.jj. 120, and Fil. Jav. t. 94. A., and t. 94 B. (L. pumila),
no descriptions.

Hab. 1^x7.o\^, C%iming,n.2\2. Borneo, Barber. Abnormal form ; Java, TJ/jowe.
— Notwithstanding the striking difference between the fronds of this remarkable
plant and those of P. simtosu77i. Wall, (our n. 332), I am disposed to think, from the
nature of the caiulex and the venation, that these two may prove not specifically
different. On mentioning to Mr. J. Smith my views regarding the unity of these
two very distinct-looking Ferns, he not only was disjiosed to agree with me, but
suggested that another Fern, viz. Lecav.opteris carnosa, lil., universally looked
ui)on as a distinct genus, was equally an abnormal form of our present Polypodinm ;

80 POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES.

and he is perfectly correct. The caudex (perhaps in itself ahnormal, but the same
in all three) and the fertile segments are abnormal, inasmuch as there is a suppres-
sion of the substance of the frond between the sori ; the consequence is that these
segments form marginal lobes, which in a dry state are turned back on the upper
side of the frond (as the fructifications of Nephroma resupinata among the Li-
chens). The venation is the same in all three ; and if we can believe that Lecanopt.
carnosa is a state of P. sinuosum, Wall., there will be no difficulty in referring
Blume's Lecan. pumila (Bl. Fil. Jav. t. 94, B, nowhere, I believe, described) to
the L. carnosa.

367. P- (Pliymatodes) imstidatum, Forst. ; caudex very
long scandent branched squarrose with long subulate copious
brown glossy scales, stipites rather slender numerous 3-4-5
inches long, fronds a span to 1^ foot long, 1-6 inches wide
membranaceous flaccid narrow- or broad-lanceolate undivided
and very narrow or deeply and nearly to the rachis pinnatifid
acuminate, segments wide apart (often an inch or more) 2-3
inches long rarely \ an inch wide from a broad decurrent
base gradually tapering into an obtusely acuminated point,
venation very manifest lax variable, costules or rather pri-
mary veins forming one or two series of rather large oblong
areoles (margin broad in the sterile specimens) parallel with
the costa including free veinlets with very divaricating
branches, sori compital on an imperfectly continued mar-
ginal veinlet rather distant and consequently forming a mar-
ginal series suboval sunk into a rather shallow cavity which
forms a tubercle on the upper side. — Forst. Vrodr. p. 81.
Sw. Syn. Fil. p. '6\. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 168. Schk. Fil.
p.W.t.lO. Metten. Polyp, p. 101. Phymatodes, Pr. Hook,
fil. Fl. Nov. Zeal. ii. p. 42. Drynaria, /. Sm. Polyp, mem-
branifolium, Br. Procir. Nov. Holl. p. 147 {fide All. Cunning-
ham in Herb, nostr.). P. scandens, Forst. and Willd. {fide
Metten.)

Hab. New Zealand, Forster and others. Northern Island and as far south as
Akaroa. Tropical Australia, Banks, Brown ; Brisbane r'wtY, All. Cunningham;
Hastings river, " in dark forests, climbing to the height of 100 feet," Dr. Beck-
ler. Norfolk Island, Dr. Vaughan Thompson. — The whole plant is described as
fragrant, and used in New Zealand to scent oil and food.

368. P. (Phymatodes) longissimum, Bl. ; caudex creeping
fleshy partially paleaceous with rather large ovate appressed
brownish scales, stipites \-\\ foot or more long, fronds sub-
coriaceous 1^-4 feet and more long 6-10 inches wide nar-
row-oblong scarcely acuminated deeply pinnatifid nearly if
not quite to the rachis generally leaving only a narrow wing,
segments very numerous 22-40 and probably many more

POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES. 81

4-6-8 or 10 inches long rarely exceeding i an inch wide,
from a broad dccurrent base cbMigato-oblong acute or ob-
tusely acuminate, tiie margin slightly tliickened, venation evi-
dent often slightly prominent and distinct (except the vcinlets)
on the under side, costules or rather primary veins horizontal
flexuose forming a series of large costal soriferous areoles and
a second lesser series, secondary veins forming a network of
small areoles including free veinlets, sori large copious sub-
oval sunk into a hemispherical cavity (forming a pustule or
pouch on the upper side, the mouth with a distinct elevated
rim) arranged in a single series on nearly the whole length of
every segment and close to the costa. — Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 159.
t. 48. Metien. Fil. Hort. Lips.p.:i7- t- 25./. 18 [venation ex-
cellent). Pot III). J). 102 [in part only, and excl. Drynaria lon-
gissima, J. Sm.). Drynaria rubida, J. Sm. {name only).

Ilab. Java, Blume, Millett. Celebes, De Vriese and Teijsmann. Luzon, n.
241, Cuming. Moulmeiiie, Parish, n. 49. Sylhet, IValllch, Cat. n. 289/2. As-
sam, Simons. Nilgheiries, Beddome, n. 102. — Metteiiius seems to unite this with
the P. nigrescens of Bhime ; but surely no two plants can be more distinct.
Bhime calls this, "Filix iiiagnifica, 4-pedalis vel saepius orgyalis et ultra:" — the
texture, form, etc., are quite difFereiit in the two. The cavities for the reception
of the sori do not form the perfect sac or i)ouch which we see in P. nigrescfiiis ;
but, in an old state, when the sori have fallen away, there is a perfectly hemi-
spherical cavity with a raised edge, as complete as if it were turned by an instru-
ment and as smooth within as a tea-cup.

369. p. (Phymatodes) nigrescens, Bl. ; caudex stout creep-
ing partially clothed with ovate appressed at length decidu-
ous scales, stipites 1-H foot long, fronds membraneous (sub-
carnose when recent) blackish-green when dry 2-3 feet long
oblong acuminate cuneato-decurrent at the base deeply pin-
natifid with obtuse sinuses, segments 3-23 10-12 inches long
1-2 inches broad (terminal one the largest) oblongo-lanceolate
very finely acuminate entire, venation very distinct, primary
veins rather than costules forming large angled costal areoles
soriferous in the centre, the secondary veins form a copious
network of small areoles which include close-placed free
veinlets, sori large sunk into a deep cavity or pouch which is
very prominent on the ujiper side arranged in a single series
much nearer the costa than the margin. — Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 101.
t. 70. Hook. Fil. E.rot. t. 22. P. excavatum, Roxb. in Griff.
Crypt. PI. Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1844. ;;. 48.5. P. alternifo-
iium, Wall. Cat. n. 289, «« Willd.? P. longissimuin, J/<'//^'w.
Polyp, p. 102 [in part, not of Bl., nor Drynaria longissima,

VOL. V. .M

82 POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES.

J. Sm.). Phymatodes saccata, /. Sm. Polypodium indicum
glabrum, Rumph. Amb. vi. t. 35./. 2.

Hab. India: Malayan Islands, most abundant, Blume, etc.; Ceylon, Gardner,
n. 1144 ; Sylliet and Assam, Wallich, Simons. Pacific Islands, Brackenridge {in
Herb.nostr., wifhoui name), Milne ; S.nnoa, Powell, n. 14. — A fine species, very
constant to its characters, and well figured in the Fil. Ex. above quoted.

370. P. (Phymatodes) Billardieri, Br. ; caudex long-creep-
ing thick as a writing-pen in the younger portion paleaceous
with appressed rather long ovate acuminated dark-brown cel-
luloso-reticulated scales pale at the margins, stipites 4-6-8
inches long, fronds very polymorphous coriaceous glabrous
from 3-18 inches long and from 1 inch (when undivided) to
10 inches broad lanceolate and entire acute or obtuse or more
or less pinnatitid with 25 more or less acuminate and more
or less cuneato-attenuate segments variable in number and
size 3-15-25 3-6 inches long from i-H wide short oblong
and acute or linear and more or less acuminate, the margin
thickened and entire, venation often manifest, costules some-
times prominent forming large costal soriferous areoles in-
cluding lesser irregular ones which have free divaricating
veinlets, sori copious large orbicular sunk in a cavity forming
a depressed tubercle or pustule on the upper side compital
arranged in a single series between the costa and the margin.
—Br. Prodr. Nov. Holl.p. 147. Metten. Polyp, p. 101. Phy-
matodes, Pr. Hook. fil. Nov. Zeal. ii. p. 42, Fl. Tasmcm. ii.
p. 150, Fl. Antarct. \. p. 111. Drynaria, /. Sm. Chryso-
pteris, Lk. Polyp, scandens, Labill. Fl. Nov. Holl. ii. jO. 91.
/. 240, not Forst. P. diversifolium, Willd., and P. lepidopo-
dum, Lk.

Hab. Van Diemen's Land, Labillardiere, Brown, and others, Sieber, n. 12;
abundant on ]\lount Wellington, and to the summit, Fraser, J. D. Hooker. Au-
stralia, Btjnoe ; Blue Mountains, J//. Cunningham, Fraser, n. 286. Norfolk Island,
il/' William, Dr. Vaughan, Thomson, J. Simmons. Pacific Islands, Lord Howe's
Island, Raoul, and Isle of Pines, Milne and MacgilUvray. New Zealand,
throughout the islands. Lord Auckland's Islands, /. D. Hooker, Brackenridge.
— A species very ditferent from P . pustulatum, though not unfrequently con-
founded with it ; in general form and habit and polymorphous character more re-
sembling P. phymatodes, but different in venation and in the paleaceous scales of
the caudex.

371. P. (Phymatodes) jjhymatodes, Linn.; caudex long-
creeping more or less clothed with dark- brown deciduous
subulato-setaceous scales or bristles, in age the caudex is co-
vered with a chalky-white coat, stipites 2-3 inches to 1 foot
and more long, fronds very polymorphous carnoso-coriaceous

POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES. 83

from a few inches to 2-3 feet long often siin])le (undivided)
and lanceolate and then rarely exceeding 10 inches long, or
trifid or tripartite or more or less deeply pinnatifid and then
api^earing to attain the largest size and a diameter of 10-12
inclics dcltoideo-ovate, the segments as many as 17-23 3-8
inches long 1-1 2 wide lanceolate ohlong or linear acute or
oljtuse, the margin thickened entire, venation internal ge-
nerally obscure sometimes when the frond is translucent
the veins are ap])arent but veniform soon diverging and ana-
stomosing and forming a series of large costular areoles with
other lesser but unequally-sized ones, secondary veins nume-
rous united into smaller areoles but varying in size and form
and including numerous free divaricating veinlets more or
less impressed and forming pustules at the back, sori often
very large oval or globose compital either forming a single
or double series between the costa and the margin or irregu-
larly scattered over the frond. — Linn. 3Iant. p. 360. Siv. Sijn.
Fil. p. 30. IVilld. Sp. PI. V. p. 167. Schk. Fil. p. 10. ^ 8 d,
and t. 17. Jacq. Ic. PL Rar. p. 637. Metten. Fil. Hart. Lips,
p. 36. t. 25. jf. 10-16 {venation). Polyp, p. 103. Drynaria,
Fee. Chrysopteris pcltideum, longipes, and terminalis, Lk.
{fide Metten.) Polyp, ensiforme, Kze. in Schk. Fil. t. 54./. a
{not the other figures). P. alternifolium, Lk. P. grossum,
Langsd. and Fisch.p. 9. t. 8. Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 168. Dry-
naria vulgaris, J. Sm. Phymatodes, Pr.

Ilab. Tropical countries of the Old World, the continent of India alone ex-
cepted, ahiiost universal, and equally variable in all localities. Malay Islands :
Java, Singapore, Borneo, Aiuboyna, etc. New Guinea, with some of the sori
nearly ^ an inch long! (flinds). Malacca, Griffith ("fragrance of Anthoxau-
f/iniH when drying"), Mauritius, Telfair, Wallich, Cat. n. 331. Ceylon, Mrs.
(Icneral Walker, Gardner, n. 1143, 1297. China: Hongkong, Dr. Dill ; For-
mosa, C. Wil/ord (specimen quite simple, 14 inches long. 1-1 A inch wide, exactly
lanceolate, finely acuminate, and much attenuated at the base) ; Loo-cboo Is-
lands, C. Wriyht. Pacific Islands, most abundant apparently in all, within or
verging upon, the tropics : Fiji ; Samoa {n. 48, Poivell). etc. Africa : Natal to tbc
Zambesi on the east coast, Madagascar, Mozambique, etc., Drege, Sutherland,
Livinfjatone, Kirk, Miller, etc. ; Western tropical Africa, equally plentiful, Vof/el,
Barter, Mann, etc. — The entire absence of this, otherwise widely dispersed plant
on the great Indian continent is very remarkable.

372. P. (Phymatodes) maximum. Hook. ; caudex "a stout
creeping rootstock," stipes stout short about 2 inches lung
below the decurrent base of the frond h an inch thick semi-
terete, fronds 3-5 feet long coriaceo-submembranaceous 3
inches wide (independent of the long narrow segments)
lanceolate obtusely acuminate long attenuated and decurrent

84 POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES.

at the base opaque smooth irregularly sinuato-pinnatifid,
here and there narrow segments 5 inches long are produced
at uncertain distances, rachis very stout semiterete at the
back, venation sunk but visible, costules subveniforra slightly
elevated very distant 1 inch apart, lateral veins unite these
and anastomose so as to form several large angled irregular
areoles, these include a network of lesser areoles which con-
tain free veinlets, sori rather large partially sunk and em-
bossed at the back irregularly scattered (sometimes confluent)
dorsal or compital. — Drynaria, Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exp.
p. 51. t. 7.

Hab. Society Islands : Tahiti, in mountain forests, Brackenridge, Barclay.
Bootan ?, Griffith (2-2^ feet long, quite simple and entire).— Brackenridge's de-
scription and figure leave nothing to be desired. It is a very remarkable-looking
Fern; yet I have specimens from Bootan {Griffith)&m\ from Tahiti which I hesi-
tate whether to refer to this or to large simple-fronded forms oi P. phymatodes.
Possibly these may be the normal state of P. maximum, and the latter, with its
very irregular and unequal segments, a sport of nature.

373. P. (Phymatodes) offine, Bl. ; caudex creeping, stipites
1-1^ foot long stramineous-brown, fronds 2-3 feet and more
long ovate or ovato-oblong acuminate firni-membranaceous
deeply pinnatifid with broad obtuse sinuses, segments 4 inches
to a foot long (terminal one elongated) from a broad decur-
rent base (especially the lowest segments) lanceolate or elon-
gato-oblong sunk and gradually acuminated entire, costules
veniform forming primary rather large areoles which include
the sori and are divided into lesser ones which have copious
included free generally branched and divaricated veinlets, sori
rather small compital upon the secondary veins forming 2-3
irregular series between the costa and the margin. — Bl. Fil.
Jav.p. 166. t. 69. Metten. Pohjp.p. WA.t. 3.f. 22 {venation).
Drynaria, .7. Sm.

Hab. Java, Blume. Luzon, Cuming, n. 97. . Cerani, De Vriese and Tcijsmann,
n. 319. — A very fine and apparently a rare species.

374. P. (Phymatodes) commutatum, Bl. ; " fronds tall
deeply pinnatifid subdecurrent at the base membranaceous
glabrous, segments elongato-lanceolate acuminate entire or
subrepand, terminal ones gradually shorter, fertile ones nigro-
punctate above, sori scattered stipes subtetragonous glabrous."
Bl. Fil. Jav.p. 165. t. 73.

Hab. Java, Blume. " We at first united this with P. affine, from which, how-
ever, it differs consideral)ly in the segments being more patent and subrepand,

POLYPODIUM, § I'lIYMATODES. 85

the sori more numerous, irregularly disiwrscil," lU. It is uukuowii to mo, as it
also ap|)ears to be to Mettenius.

375. P. (Phymatodes) dilatatuin,\Na\\.', caudex creeping
(short?) paleaceous with ovate reticulated scales, stipites \h
foot and more loni^ but strongly winged for its whole length
by the decurrent base of the frond (not articulated on the
caudex), fronds ample 1^-2 and 3 feet long a foot and more
wide membranaceous light-green glalirous oblongo-ovate pin-
natifid to within ^-1 inch of the racliis (less towards the base),
segments 5-6 or 8 inches long (shorter towards the apex) jf-l
rarely 2 inches wide oblongo-lanceolatc acuminate entire sud-
denly decurrent, costules veniform forming large primary
areoles which extend two-thirds of the way to the margin and
include the sori, these and the rest of the segments are occu-
pied by lesser irregular areoles including many free veinlets
their branches moderately divaricating, sori numerous very
small often oval or more or less elongated compital on the
secondary veins and veinlets. — IVull. Cat. n. 295. Drynaria
acuminata?, Brack. FIL U. S. Expl. Exp. p. 47-

Hal). Nepal, Wallich. K\\a.sya., Simotm, Gri//lfh. Hooker fil. and Thomfton, a]t.
4000-GOOO feet. Malacca, Griffith. Malayan Peninsula, Sir Urn. Norris.
Moulmeine, ascent of Mooleit, on rocks, alt. 4000 feet, Parish. Samoa, Navi-
gators' Islands, Powell, n. 55, Brackenridge ? — Tiiis species, a most distinct one,
has heeu largely distributed by Dr. Wallich forty years ago ; but has not, as far
as I can discover, been noticed by any one, unless it be the Drynaria acuminata,
L5rack., who does not, however, notice the most remarkal)ly winged stipes. There
is no joint at the junction of the latter with the caudex, and the breadth of the
united wings on the stipes is very considerable, and, no doubt, suggested the Wal-
lichian name of dilatatum.

376. P. (Phymatodes) alaiuin, Hook.; caudex elongated
creeping rather stout and woody destitute of scales in my
specimen, stipites 2-3 feet long pale stramineous as well as
the rachis, fronds I5-2 feet long 10-12 inches wide broad-
oblong membranaceous glabrous deeply pinnatifid with ob-
tuse sinuses sul^piimate below, segments patent 6-8 inches
l-ong 1-1} inch wide (in my specimen opposite or very nearly
so) from a somewhat contracted but decurrent base lanceo-
late obtuse or acuminate sinuato-dentate, venation manifest,
costides slightly prominent slender extending to the margin
united by rather irregular flexuose transverse veins (all pel-
lucid in my specimens) into 3-4 series of soriferous areoles,
these are again occu])ied by irregular smaller areoles inclu-
ding free veinlets, sori small appearing at first sight irregularly

86 POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES.

scattered but each primary areole has two sori and collec-
tively they form about four series parallel with the costa and
margin and two parallel with the costules. — Drynaria, Brack.
Fil. U. S. Expl. Exp. p. 48. t. 6 [excellent).

Hab. Fiji Islands, Brackenridge, Seemann, n. 731. — Allied to P. affine, Bl.,
and P. dilatatum, but very different from both.

377- P- (Phymatodes) draconopterum, Hook.; caudex (the
only one I possess and of a young plant) thicker than a
swan's quill horizontal scaly towards the apex and there bear-
ing an erect stipes very stout in mature plants thick as the
little finger 2-3 and more feet long deeply sulcated (when dry)
scaly below with rather lanceolate firm scales decurrently
winged above, frond ample 1^ to 3 and more feet long and
perhaps as much broad firm-membranaceous dark-green some-
what glossy deeply (or below remotely pinnated with the pinnee
united by a wing) lobes or segments often very large a foot
long (particularly the terminal one) 4-5 inches and more
wide broad-oblong the lowest pair unequal-sided or when
mature unequally bipartite all rather suddenly and finely
acuminated entire, costules \ an inch or more apart united
by distant curved transverse veins, these again are connected
by transverse veinlets and their areoles are reticulated with
lesser subquadrangular small appendiculated areoles, the ul-
timate veins branched free, sori very copious small scattered
orbicular dorsal or terminal or compital rarely confluent. —
Aspidium, Eat. in Fil. Wright, et Fendl. p. 211. Dryomenis
Purdieei, J. Sni. in Seemann, Bot. of the Herald, p. 229 [name
only). Pleopeltis, Moore.

Hab. New Granada, Purdie, 1845. Turbo, Gulf of Uraba, H. Schott. Tara-
pota, Eastern Peru, Spruce, n. 4065, and Ecuador, Chimborazo, alt. 3000 feet. —
Although so very fine a species and collected nearly twenty years ago, it met with
no describer till an excellent description was given by Mr. D. C. Eaton, in the
work above quoted, from Mr. Schott's specimens. It was, indeed, briefly noticed
by Mr. J. Smith as a discovery of Mr. Purdie, vvlio refers it to Fee's genus Dryo-
menis ; but neither the shape nor arrangement of the sori tally with the charac-
ter of the Genus. Mr. Eaton had only imperfect sori, and not unnaturally placed
the plant in Euaspidium.

378. P. (Phymatodes) inenisciicarpon. Hook.; caudex
rather stout erect, stipites terminal clustered a sj^an to 1 foot
long, frond about as long as the caudex coriaceo-membrana-
ceous cordate or oblongo-cordate pinnated, pinni3e 3-9 4-6
inches long 1-3 inches wide subopposite lowest pair petio-
late unequally bipartite the rest broad oblongo-lanceolate

87

finely acuminate occasionally sublol)ate, terminal pinna long-
petioled mostly tripartite subsinuato-lobate, costules very
distinct united by curved transverse veins, their areoles net-
ted with veinlets and the areoles again including free and
divaricating branched veinlets, sori copious compital oblong
placed in a series one on each side of and close to the cos-
tules.— Aspidium, Bl. En. Fil.pA42. Drynaria,J.,Sm. in Hook.
Journ. Bot. \\\. p. 421 {name only). Metten. Aspid. p. 131.
Dryonienis, Moore. Dryomenis Phymatodes, Fee, Gen. Fil.
p.22o.t. 18. A.

llab. Java, Blume, Zollinrjcr. Luzon, Cuming, n. 31 (tliis is quoted for Mi-
crosorium irifidtim, by Tue, Cen. p. 269, and n. 4). Island of Samoa, Solomon's
Group, Milne. — A species with the sori oi Meniscium and the \\a.h\\, oi Euaspidium
or Phymatodes.

.379. P. (Phymatodes) laciniatum, Bl. ; ^' caudex creeping
clothed with lanceolate ciliated reddish scales," stipites a
span and more long, fronds coriaceo-membranaceous a foot
and more long ])road cordato-ovate glabrous deeply pinnatifid
with obtuse sinuses, segments 15-21 4-8 inches long |-f of
an inch wide subopposite patent or horizontal oblongo-elon-
gato-lanceolate finely almost setoso-acuminate terminal one
more or less elongated, lowest pair detlexed forming a deep
sinus at the bases their edges thickened entire or subsinu-
ato-dentate, venation manifest, costules nearly horizontal
distinct flexuose extending to the margin united by a net-
work of irregular rather small areoles which include free
veinlets, sori rather small sunk forming corresponding pus-
tules on the upper side compital arranged in a single series
rather nearer the costa than the margin. — BL Fil. Juv.p. 149.
^.63. Metien. Polyp, p. 107. Phymatodes. Pr.

Hab. Java, Zollinger, De Vriese and Teijsmann. — Well represented by Blunie.

380. P. (Phymatodes) malacodon, Hook. ; caudex creeping
paleaceous with firm subulate dark-brown scales paler at the
edges, stipites 2-4 inches long slender stramineous or red-
dish, fronds G-S rarely 12 inches long subcoriaceo-membra-
naceous glabrous cordate acuminate deeply pinnatifid with
narrow sinuses, segments 5 rarely 7 3-4 inches long ^-1 inch
wide from a rather contracted base broad-lanceolate sub-
flexuose sharply acuminated patent, terminal one more elon-
gated lowest pair falcate and curved upwards having a deep
sinus between the two bases all of them sharply serrated, the
teeth or serratures terminated by a rather long soft deciduous

88 POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES.

point, venation manifest, costules distinct enclosing a large
primary soriferous areole, the veins form an irregular net-
work their areoles with free included veinlets, sori very large
when mature superficial (not sunk) corapital forming a single
series nearer the costa than the margin, — Var. majus ; 12-14
inches long, segments 7 6-9 inches long erecto-patent.

Hab. North-west Himalaya, alt. 10,500 feet, Thomson. Kiimaon, 4000-
10,000 feet, Stracheij and' Winterbottom. Simla, Col. Bafes. Sikkim, alt.
12,000-13,000 feet, /. D. Hooker.— N&v. 0. Nepal, JVallich ("Polyp, an propin-
quum var. ?" Wall.). — A most distinct species, with the segments fringed with soft
appendages to the serratures, which seem to fall off in the maturer state of the
frond.

381. P. (Phymatodes) ehenipes, Hook.; caudex stout
creeping elongated and knotted with short frondiferous
branches everywhere densely imbricated with intensely-black
polished ovato-lanceolate subcoriaceous concave scales fusco-
pubescent at the margin, stipites stramineous 6 inches to a
span long, fronds a span to H foot long broad-ovate or del-
toid cordate at the base acuminated (by the long terminal
segment) coriaceo-membranaceous subrufescent when dry
minutely and compactly pellucido-punctate deeply pinnatifid
with acute or obtuse sinuses, segments 4-5 inches long |-1
inch wide very patent from a broad base oblong-lanceolate
sharply acuminate closely serrated lowest pair generally op-
posite and drawn in as it were at the very base so as to form
a more or less deep sinus at the summit of the stipes, vena-
tion very manifest, costules distinct parallel moderately distant
extending to the margin, these are united by transverse veins
forming about 3-4 series of areoles including free or con-
nected veinlets of which the second only are soriferous, sori
very large orbicular in a single series very near the costa. —
P. melanopus, Br. in JFall. Cat. n. 293, in ]jari {v. Cat. n. 293
at p. 83, not P. melanopus. Hook, and Grev.).

Hab. Nepal, Wallich, Thomson (a\t. 10-000 feet). North-west Himalaya, alt.
8000-9000 feet, Strachey and Winferbotlom, Edyeworth (Kamalori). Sikkim,
Hooker fit. and Thomson, alt. 8000 feet. — A most distinct species, as may be
learned by the above characters, and as yet, I believe, quite undescribed.

382. p. (Phymatodes) glaucum, Kze. ; caudex creeping
densely crinite with very narrow glossy spreading subulato-
setaceous scales, stipites remote a span and more long, fronds
glauco-pruinose (especially beneath) punctate with white dots
above coriaceous firm 8-14 inches long 6-7 inches wide cu-
neato-decurrent at the base deeply pinnatifid, segments sub-

POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODKS. 89

opjiosite 11-10 suhorecto-patcnt 1-3 inches long h ati inch
wide from a broad decurrent base elon^ato-oljlong gradually
but sharply acuminate, the margin slightly thickened espe-
cially on the under side, terminal segment elongated, vena-
tion immersed very indistinct, no evident costules (according
to Mettenius's figure the veins form two or three series of
rather large areoles of which the second series from the costa is
fertile, each has one or more free veinlets), sori rather small in
a single series (chiefly in the superior half of the frond) nearer
the costa than the margin. — Kze.hi Mdten.p. 102. t. 2. f. 12,
13. Drynaria, /. Sm. {name only). Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl.
Exp. y. 54.

Hab. Luzon, Cuminy, n. 124, Brackenridge. — Many of the pinnatifid species
of tlie Phy)nafo(les group need a clear view of the venation to distinguish some
of the most essential of the specific characters. This, which I believe is a suffi-
ciently good species, has the fronds very glaucous beneath, and a caudex coarsely
crinite with spreading, subulate, dark-brown, glossy setae.

383. P. (Phymatodes) palmatum, Bl. ; caudex creeping
ferruginous with copious large glossy lanceolate long acumi-
nated scales, stipites a span to a foot and more long slen-
der, fronds 6-8 inches long subcoriaceo-membranaceous
glabrous broad-ovate acuminate cuneate attenuated at the
base deeply pinnatifid or not unfrequently decurrently pin-
nate or truly pinnate M'ith the always sessile or more or
less decurrent pinnte or segments 3-8-9 5-6 inches long al-
ternate with very obtuse sinuses terminal one the largest;
sterile ones 1-2 inches wide broad-lanceolate ; fertile ones
generally longer, all of them contracted near the base very
finely and subcordately acuminated entire, venation mani-
fest, costules evident veniform extending nearly to the mar-
gin united by transverse slender veins forming the primary
areoles, secondary ones irregular enclosing free veinlets, sori
compital in a single series nearer the costa than the mar-
gin.—iJ/. Fil. Jav. p. 150. /. 64 [not Pr.). Metten. Polyp,
p. 107. t. \.f. 24 [venation), Drynaria, J. Sm. Polyp. Lind-
leyanum, Wall. Cat. n. 304. Phymatodes Meyeniana, Pr.
[fide Metten.) — Var. /3, fronds pinnated. P. angustatum,
Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 148. /. 62 [not Siv.).

Ilab. Java, Blume. Island of Teniate, lilume and Teijsmann. Luzon, Cuming,
V. 126, Brackenridge. Singapore, Penang, Walker, G. Porter. — This is another
I'eru of the Phymatodes-i>tci\on well figured by Bluuie, at least as far as the fer-
tile plant is concerned. Our sterile specimens have much broader segments, and
are more contracted at the base. In both, the apices are remarkably finely acumi-
nated, so as to be caudato-cnspidate. The P. angustatum, Bl., I consider a very
VOL. V. N

90 POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODE8.

pinnated state of P. palmatum, and certainly that of Mettenius, who gives " Sin-
gapore, Walker" for the authority, whence I received my pinnated specimens,
but which were accompanied by fronds of the ordinary form. P. Lindleyanum,
Wall., is identical with this.

**** Fronds pinnated. Sp. 384-390.

384. P. (Phymatodes) capitellatum, Wall. ; caudex very-
stout creeping clothed with ovate or lanceolate rather large
ferruginous acuminated appressed scales, stipites 1 foot and
more long brown glossy as well as the rachis, fronds H-2
feet and more long coriaceo-submembranaceous, pinnae 15-21
in remote pairs sessile except the terminal one (which is long
petiolate) 5-6 inches long 1-2 inches broad from a rounded
base oblong-lanceolate finely acuminated entire or slightly
sinuato-lobate at the incrassated margin, venation in general
manifest, costules very evident straight extending to the
margin, these are connected by transverse veins with 3-4
series of areoles again divided into lesser areoles including
free divaricating veinlets, sori large compital superficial (not
sunk) arranged in a single series nearer the costa than the
margin.— fr«//. Cut. n. 306. Metten. Pohjp. p. 109. Phy-
matodes, Pr. Drynaria, /. /Sm. Polyp. juglandifolium,Z)oM.

Hab. Himalaya, Kepal, Kumaon (7000 feet), and Srinuggur, JJ'allich ; Simla,
Ladi/ DalhousJp, Col. Bates; Khasya, Griffith, Simons, Hooker fit. and Thomson
(alt." 4000 feet) ; Sikkim, Hooker fil. and Thomson (7000-10,000 feet) ; Boutan,
Griffith. — In the venation, in the opposite pinme articulated upon the rachis, this
has consideral)le affinity with P. Bimalayense, but the single series of large sori,
the slender thickened opaque margin (not broad and diaphanous) and broad
scales of the caudex would seem to keep it abundantly distinct. Nevertheless I
fear we have much to learn on the subject of variation in every part of Fern
structure. Among my numerous specimens of these two I find a state with al-
ternate pinnae. P. Himalayense has not always broad diaphanous margins; P.
capitellatum varies with two series of sori between the costa and the margin,
and the scales of the rachis vary much in width even on the same caudex.
It is more than likely that the two will constitute one species. One form of
this in my herbarium has the pinnae all very deeply laciniated ; but this is evi-
dently a lusus nature.

385. P. (Phymatodes) tenuicauda, Hook.; caudex stout
creeping clothed with rather large lanceolate acuminate fer-
ruginous scales, stipites a span to a foot long, fronds 1-1 1 foot
long coriaceo-membranaceous ovato-oblong pinnated, pinnae
subopposite and alternate distant articulated upon the rachis
all more or less petiolate 6-8 inches long ^-1 inch wide
elongato-lanceolate obliquely cuneate at the base tapering
above into a long and very finely almost setaceously acumi-
nated apex entire and very slightly thickened at the margin.

91

costules manifest straight extending to the margin, venation
very obscure but ajiparently as in the preceding species, sori
large copious forming invariably a single series rather nearer
the costa than the margin.

Ilab. Khasya and Assam, Mrs. Mack, Griffith. — The almost invariably altor-
nate and petioled and narrow-lanceolate pinnae, cuneato-attenuate at the base,
and drawn out at the apex into a singularly elonu;ated and narrow jjoint, would
suggest that this species was very distinct from P. capitellalum, and these charac-
ters are very constant in all my specimens, and they seem to he both common in
Assam and Khasya, yet the diti'erences are rather of comparison than of struc-
ture. If this and the preceding and following are really distinct as species, they
are very closely allied to each other.

386. P. (Phymatodes) Himalnyense, Hook. ; caudex creep-
ing clothed with bright ferruginous hair-like scales, sti|)ites a
span to 1 foot and more long, fronds 1-H foot long thin-
membranaceous and sometimes pubescent or even subto-
mentose glabrous subcoriaceous in age pinnated, pimiic almost
invariably opposite sessile in distant pairs 5-8-9 inches long
by 1 h-2 inches broad from an obtuse base elliptical-ol)long
finely and long-cordately acuminated entire but with a very
distinct membranous margin, costules manifest cotniected by
transverse veins forming areoles of which one or all are sori-
ferous, these areoles are filled up with a network of lesser
areoles which have free included veinlets, sori often large
1-2 in the primary areoles hence they are 1-2-serial between
each pair of costules and 3-4-serial in a direction parallel
with the costa. — P. venustum, JVa/l. Cat. w. 305, not of Desv.

Ilab. Nepal, Wallich ; Boutam, Grijrth, Booth (ah. 7 bOO (eei) ; Sikkim, IIooAer
fil. and Thomson ; Khasya, Simons. — This Fern has almost invana})ly opposite
pairs of pinnae, sometimes quite membranaceous and pubescent in age, glabrous
and subcoriaceous, the sori vary, 1-2 biseriate between the costules, sometimes
there is oidy one series parallel with the costa, sometimes 3-4 : in general the
fewer the sori the larger they are.

387- P. (Phymatodes) /eio?-/«*row. Wall. ; caudex very thick
creeping paleaceous with ovate appressed deciduous ])eltate
scales, stipites I5 and more feet long stout, fronds ample
suljcoriaceo-membranous glabrous 2-3 feet long oblong or
oblong-ovate pinnated, pinnae 10-12-30 erecto-])atent 8-12
inches and more long oblongo-lanceolate much and very finely
acuminated caneate and slightly petioled superior ones ses-
sile and subdecurrent terminal one very long the margins
entire, venation manifest uniform, costules scarcely distinct
from the veins but they do anastomose so as to form large
costal soriferous areoles and a less imperfect series near the

92 POLYPODIUM, § PHYMATODES.

margin, the rest of the frond is occupied by a network of
small areoles including free veinlets, sori large in a single
series nearer the costa than the margin moderately sunk so
as to form slightly elevated corresponding pustules on the
back of the hond.—TFalL Cat. n. 303. Metten. Fil. Jlort.
Lips. p. 37- t. 24./. 17 {venation). Polyp, p. 104. Hook. Fil.
Exot. t. 24. Phymatodes, Pr. Drynaria, J. Sm.

Hab. India: mountain districts of Kumaon, Nepal, Sikkim, Boutan, Khasya,
etc., Wallich, Griffith, Hooker fil. and Thomson, Winterbottom, Mrs. Mack,
Booth, etc.

388. p. (Phymatodes) albo-squamatum, Bl. ; caudex long
stout creeping densely setose with very subulate brown scales
(often 1 inch long) falcate ciliated from a broad base sud-
denly attenuated into a very long hair-like point, stipites
8-12 inches long glossy, fronds (rarely simple a span long
and soriferous) 1-1 1 foot long oblongo-ovate subcoriaceo-
membranaceous pinnate, pinnte remote 7-15 rather long-pe-
tiolate 6-10 inches long (terminal one the longest and longer-
petioled) |-| inch broad elongato-lanceolate very finely and
long acuminated entire at the margin more or less dotted on
the upper surface with small white cretaceous orbicular scales
much more copiously at the margin, venation obscure, cos-
tules rarely visible and veniform forming large costal sori-
ferous areoles including smaller oblong areoles with free and
divaricating veins, other free veinlets at the margin, sori
compital scarcely sunk in a regular series between the costa
and the slightly cartilaginous margin. — Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 137-
t. 57. Metten. Polyp, p. 108. t. \. f. 29 {venation). Hook.
Gard. Ferns, x. /. 47- Pleopeltis, Pr. {not Drynaria albido-
squamata, J. Sin.) Polypod. varians, Bl. Fl. Jav. p. 138. /. 58.
Metten. Polyp, p. 108. t. l.ff. 20-24.

Hab. Java, Blume, Thos. Lobb. Luzon, Cuming, n. 202, 236, and 418. Bor-
neo, Wallace; Sarawak, Thos. Lobb, n. 180 {fronds simple). — Since I pub-
lished this species in the " Garden Ferns," 1. c, I have had the opportunity of
examining fuller suites of specimens. I am satisfied that the P. varians, Bl.,
should he united with it. There is no appreciable difference between them.
The primary veins sometimes more resemble costules than at other times. The
curious caudical scales are the same in both.

389. P. (Phymatodes) sparsiflorum, Hook. ; caudex large
creeping knotted, stipites stout sparingly paleaceous with
dark-brown lineari-subulate scales 20 inches long stout but
apparently shrunk and angled in drying reddish-brown at the
rachis, frond firm subcoriaceo-membranaceous dtirk blackish-

POLYPODIUM, § DRYNAlllA. 93

green wlien dry paler bencatli oblongo-lanceohite distantly
pinnated glabrous, pinniie 15-17 often \h incb apart, 7-8
inches long 1^-2 inches wide from a narrow contracted cu-
neate and sessile base oblongo-lanceolate obtusely acuminate
entire or subsinuate costate terminal one petiolate larger tlian
the rest, costules none, veins manifest forming a uniform
network of rather large obk)ng hexagonal areoles which have
an oblique direction towards the margin always destitute of
free veinlets, sori small subrotund of few capsules not copious
but irregularly scattered sometimes dorsal on the veins and
sometimes compital.

llal). Tropical Western Africa : Sierra del Crystal, G.Mann, n. 163 J.— A most
distinct species, which I cannot liken to any other. There are no costnles, the
veins anastontose so as to form a very niiiforin network of oblong areoles (|iiiie
like those of a Selliffuea or llemionitis, with not a single free veinlet, and the
sori are small, irregularly scattered.

§ 11. Drynaria. — Venation an in Phymatodes, chiefly differing in a peculiar
habit, more easily recoynized than described. The fronds are often, large, pin-
natifid or rarely pinnate, generally dimorphom, witfi the sterile frond se.isile,
very distinct from t lie fertile one, shorter, broad, more or less lobed or pinna-
tifid, 7iot inaptly compared to Oak-leaves, with strong prominent venation, or,
more rarely, token the fronds are xiniform, the lower half partakes of the cha-
racter of the sterile frond and the upper portion of the fertile fronds of the
dimorphous species. Of the fertile portions the segments or pinnae are, when
drif, readily deciduous from the rachis. — Gen. Drynaria, Bory, in Ann. Sc.
Nat. ser. i.'a. t. 12-14. " Aglaoniorpha, Schott, Gen.' Fil. 1. 19, Hook. Gen. Fil.
t. 91. Dryostacliyura, J. Sm. in Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 95.

* Fronds uniform. Sp. 390-392.

390. p. (Drynaria) Heracleuin, Kze. ; caudex stout creep-
ing densely clothed with very long slender silky subulate
bright tawny scales, fronds uniform 3-G-7 feet long oblongo-
lyrate elongated coriaceous acuminate the base often fi-8
inches wide sessile cordate and broadly sinuato-lobate, the
rest regularly and deeply pinnatifid with segments I-l^ foot
long 3-4 inches broad oblong acuminate glabrous, costaj
stout, venation very manifest elevated especially beneath,
costules conspicuous extending to the margin wide apart but
connected by transverse veins forming 7-8 areoles tilled up
with a network of quadrangular areoles enclosing free vein-
lets, sori small very copious in two transverse series within
each primary areole often compital somewhat impressed and
forming slightly elevated pustules on the upper surface. —
Kze. ill Hot. Zdt. vi. p. 1 1 7. Metten. Po/tj/j. p. 1 1 7. /. 3./: 52
(venation). Hook. Gard. Fcrn.t, t. \. P. morbillosum ?, Metten.

94 POLYPODIUM, § DRYNARIA.

Polyp. 2^. 117 {according to his reference to J. Sm.). Pr. Reliq.
Hank. \.p. 22. t. 3./. 22. Drynaria, J. Sm. |

Hab. Java, Zollinger, De Vriese, and Teijsmann, n. 84, Thos. Lohh. Luzon ?, I

Haenke. Isle Samar, Cuming, n. 330. Solomon's Group, Pacific Islands, iV?7«e 7
— \ ied^v the. P. morbillomim.,VT.\.c., must be considered a dubious plant. It
was described from very imperfect specimens, and, as far as the figures are con-
cerned, with two sori in each ])rimary areole and two series of sort between the
costules and parallel with them, I do not see why it shouUi not represent the
common P. quercifolium. Certainly, if Mettenius's reference to J. Smith is to
be depended upon for true P. morbillosum, then our plant and morbillosurn are iden-
tical. I am doubtful about my Solomon's Islands plant, of which I have no en-
tire fronds, but of which the very small sori are not in regular series but irregu-
larly scattered.

.391. P. (Drynaria) Meyenianum,^c\\ott; caudex very stout
creeping densely clothed with ferruginous crisped soft silky
glossy subulato-setaceous ciliated scales, fronds ample sessile
coriaceous 2^-3 feet long from a very cordate broadly-lobed
base 4-12 inches wide subpellucid strongly and coarsely re-
ticulated then a little contracted oblong deeply pinnatifid
with sterile segments 3-6 inches long i-l^ inch wide oblong
obtuse or acute terminating in a singularly contracted pinna-
tifid fertile apex often a foot long with narrow linear seg-
ments monibformi-lobate, the lobes monosorous, sori im-
mersed, of the intermediate and sterile segments the venation
is very manifest and prominent beneath these (as in other
Drynaria) are united by transverse veins and the areoles
are occupied by a close network forming smaller areoles and
including free veinlets, the venation is much altered in the
contracted terminal segments. — Aglaomorpha, Schott, Gen.
Fil. t. 19. Hook. Gen.Fil. ^ 91. Metten. Kze. in Schk. Fil.
Suppl.i. p. 191. t. 81. Moore. Drynaria Proustiana, Gfli<(/ic^.
Voy. Bonite, Bot. t. 3. Poly pod. flabelliferum, Goldm. Psyg-
mium elegans, Pr.

Hab. Luzon, on Mount Baldu, Cuming, n. 49, Gaudichaud. — Singular as is
the first aspect of this noble Fern, its great fronds terminated as it were by long
narrow beaded spikes of fructification, I can only look upon it as a Drynaria and
closely allied to 1). coronans,-vih\i its terminal pinnae alone fertile, the sori costal,
and the substance of the rest of the segments subpressed, as in Lecanopteris, LSI.,
(see our observations at p. 79 of this volume) ; in proof of this view an otherwise ste-
rile segment is seen on one of my specimens, having a contracted base and then
and there only bearing three costal sori.

392. P. (Drynaria) coronans. Wall. ; caudex thick creep-
ing branched and interwoven villoso-paleaceous with aureo-
nitent scales, fronds large uniform when growing arranged in
a circle firm coriaceo-membranaceous but rather thin and

POLYPODIUM, § DRYNARIA. 95

translucent 2 and pr()bal)ly many more feet long from a broad
sessile cordate lobato-i)innatifid base (tben suddenly con-
tracted) lanceolate deeply almost to the rachis pinnatitid,
segments 8-12 inches long f to 1 inch and more wide ob-
longo-lanceolate acuminate, lower ones gradually shorter entire
incrassated at the margin, venation very manifest, costules
])arallel extending to the margin, these are connected by
transverse veins forming 5-6 soriferous areoles and then
again generally two or three others which include free vein-
lets, sori oval often confluent longitudinally, solitary in the
primary areoles forming an excentric series always nearer
one costule than the opposite one. — JFall. Cat. n. 288. Met-
ten. Polyp, p. 1 2 1 . ^ 40, 4 1 [venation] . Hook. Fit. Exot. t.9\.
Phymatodes, iV. Drynaria, J. Sin. — Var. /3, sori of the se-
ries confluent. Polyp, contiguum, Wall, in Herb. Hook, [not
Cat. n. 285.)

Ilab. Nepal, Wallich ; Kumaon, Blinkworth ; Assam, Jenkins ; lower hills of
Sikkim and Kliasya, 1500 feet, Hooker fl. and Thomson; Mishmee, Griffith ;
Mouliueine, Parish. Hongkong, Wilfurd.

** Frons dimorphous. Sp. 393-398.

39.3. P. (Drynaria) Fortunei, Kze. in Metten.; caudex
creeping short clothed with brown subulate ciliated scales,
fronds coriaceo-membranaceous dimorphous ; sterile ones
sessile reddish-brown 2-3 inches long cordato-ovate acute,
the margin lobato-pinnatifid with obtuse lobes at the base
very acute ones at the apex ; fertile ones shortly stipitate
green 1-H foot long 4-6 inches wide ovato-oblong acute
deeply pinnatifid with patent oblong acute, segments 3-4
inches long |-1 inch wide, below the frond is suddeidy con-
tracted and long and the stipes is decurrently winged with
short lobes nearly to its base, venation manifest, costules ap-
proximate extending nearly to the margin united by trans-
verse veins forming 4-5 soriferous areoles filled with a net-
work of lesser areoles which include free veinlets, sori large
copious forming a single series in the middle between the
costules. — A'-rc. iw Metten. Polyp, p. 121.

Hat). China, Fortune, A. 78; Foochow, and covering the walls of the old fort
at Lung-Lau, Alexander, and at Amoy, Ilauce, n. 1 109 ; Province of Szchuan,
W. China, CjI. Sarel. — A very distinct species, peculiar as far as yet known to
China.

394. P. (Drynaria) splendens, Hook. ; caudex creeping
clothed with appressed imbricated subulate scales, stipitcs

96 POLYPODIUM, § DRYN'ARIA.

scarcely any, fronds l|-2-3 feet and more long 10-15 inches
broad firm-coriaceous glossy beneath dimorjDhous ; sterile
ones deeply pinnatifid to the very extremity, segments 5-9-10
inches long H-2 inches broad oblong sharply acuminate en-
tire, terminal one rather large ovate, basal ones suddenly
contracted into a lobed wing decurrent on the stipes, vena-
tion as in P. Meyenianum ; fertile fronds the same as the sterile
but pinnated above with narrow contracted linear subsinuate
costules forming a series of large subquadrate primary areoles
each of which is soriferous, the sori large orbicular or sub-
quadrate and filling up the entire areole. — Dryostachyum
splendens, /. Sm. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 399, and iv.
p. 64, Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 95. — Var. /S, pilosuin ; smaller upper
portion of the frond subpubescent. Dryostachyum pilosum,
J. Sm. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 399. Kze. in Schk. Fil.
Suppl. i. p. 139. t. 61.

Hab. Luzon, o, n 90, and 0, n. 89, Cuming. — This again, as indeed Mr. J.
Smith has himself intimated, is quite a Drynaria, with the upper portion of the
fertile frond contracted into narrow segments, primary veins forming large areoles
and bearing equally large sori, some of which are orbicular, others almost exactly
square, and the latter the largest, sometimes measuring a quarter of an inch across.

395. P. (Drynaria) quercifolium, L. ; caudex creeping short
stout densely clothed with red-brown satiny lanceolato-subu-
late soft scales, fronds coriaceous or subcoriaceous of two
kinds; sterile ones varying in size from 3—12 inches and
more long and 7-8 inches wide generally dark-brown glossy
cordato-ovate variously lobato-pinnatifid often halfway down
to the costa; fertile ones 2-3 feet long long-petiolate broad-
ovate deeply nearly to the rachis pinnatifid, segments 5-9
inches long 1-1 ^ inch wide oblong acuminate entire, vena-
tion manifest, costules distinct rather distant united by trans-
verse veins forming 4-6 primary soriferous areoles filled up
with a network of small quadrangular areoles with or without
free veins, sori compital small numerous two in each primary
areole consequently in two series between and parallel with
the costules. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1547. Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 32.
Schk. Fil. p. 13. t. 13, and t. 8. b. (P. sylvaticum). JVilld.
Sp.Pl. \.p. 170? Metten. Pohjp. p. 122. Phymatodes, Pr.
Drynaria, J. Sm. Polyp. Linnsei, Bor^y, Ann. So. Nat. ser.
i. V. p. 464. t. 12. P. sparsisorum, Desv. P. Schkuhrii,
Bory, I. c.

Hab. Tropical India, perhaps universal on the continent north to the Hima-
laya (alt. 1000 feet). Ceylon, China, Alexander. Moulmeine, Parish, n. 65.

97

Malacca, Griffith. Pegu, M'CM/and. Malay Islands, abundant, Java, Blume,
De Vriene and Teijsmann, n. 211, 304, 310. Luzon, Cuming, n. 25, 273, 414,
Singapore and Tropical Eastern Australia, Brown, All. Cunninghnm, M' Gillivray
(Trinity Bay). Albany Island, F. Muplhr. — From tbe Pacific Island I only pos-
sess one specimen, from Angau.of the Fiji group, said to be frequent on the high
grounds {Milne, n. 212) ; but Brackenridge does not record it in tbe " Voyage of
the U. S. Expl. Exped.," anywhere but in the Philippine Islands. It is best
distinguished from the other dimorphous Drynarioe by the two rows or series of
sori between each pair of costules and parallel with them.

39G. P. (Drynaria) prophi(juum, Wall. ; caudex long very-
stout creeping densely clothed with lanceolato-subulate deli-
cate membranaceous fringed ferruginous scales, fronds coria-
ceo-membranaceous dimorphous ; sterile 4-6 inches and
more long firm and hard scarioso-membranaceous brown
sessile cordato-ovate deeply pinnatifid with narrow oblong
acute rarely obtuse segments; fertile ones long-stipitate 1-2
feet long oblong-ovate deeply almost to the rachis pinnatifid,
segments 4 inches to a span or more long linear-oblong acute
or acuminate subentire lowest ones distant and subdecurrent,
venation manifest slight elevated (so as to give a sculptured
character to the surface when dry), costules subveniform
flexuose connected by transverse veins forming 4-5 areoles
of which the costal one only is soriferous, ultimate small
areoles subquadraugular often with free included veinlets,
sori forming only a single series close to the costa. — JVall.
in Herb. 1823. Cat. n. 293. Metteti. Polyp. p. 120. Phyma-
todes, Pr. Drynaria, J. Sm. P. \Yilldeuowii, Bl. Fil.Jav. p.
156. t. GQ} Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 35 [not ofBory).

Hah. India: Nepal. Simla, and apparently common in the whole Himalaya
range from N.W. India to Sikkim, Khasya, Assam (alt. 5-7000 feet), Wallich,
Eilgeworth, Griffith, Hooker fil. and Thomson, Strachey and IVinterbottom.
Java, "Blume, Zollinger" (not "Mauritius," as incorrectly given in 'Garden
Ferns '). Tro])ical Africa, Prince's Island, Barter ; Fernando Po, G. Mann. —
The single series of sori of this plant on each side of the costules of the segments,
and Bluine's figure of P. JJ'itdcnowii, 1. c, had, I fear, led both of us into the
error of considering the Java plant identical with P. \Villde7ioirli. Such is not
the case ; if either. Blame's Jf'illdenowii is the propinquum of Wallich (well figured
under the former name in " Gardun Ferns") ; but Blume's figure is a very indif-
ferent one, and I have never seen any true P. propiyiquum but from the above
localities.

397. P. (Drynaria) IVilldenoivii, Bory ; caudex very stout
creeping densely clothed with ferruginous glossy subulate
ciliated scales, fronds submembranaceo-coriaceous dimor-
phous ; sterile ones cordato-ovate subacute 4-6 inches long
cut into .short broad rounded lobes at the margin ; fertile
ones U-2 feet long nearly sessile ovato-oblong deeply al-

VOL. v. o

98 POLYPODIUM, § DRYNARIA.

most to the rachis pinnatifid suddenly contracted at the base
which- forms a broad flexuose wing to the stipes, segments
3-6 inches long ^ an inch (if soriferous) to | inch broad if
destitute of sori, narrow-oblong obtuse or obtusely acumi-
nated entire or obscurely serrated, venation manifest, cos-
tules veniform, in the sterile segments united by transverse
veins forming 4-5 areoles again traversed by other veins
forming irregular areoles with included free veinlets, the
soriferous and narrower segments have a large central pri-
mary soriferous areole (the rest as in the sterile segments) so
that here the sori form a series exactly intermediate between
the costa and the margin. — Borrj, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. i. v. 5,
Atl. ?. 13 [very good as to general structure and arrangement
of the sort). Metten. Polyp, p. 120. t. S.f. 48 and 49, vena-
tion {certainly excl. Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 156. /. 66).

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon, Bory, Wallich, Carmichael. — I have never seen
this really well-marked species from any locality save the islands above men-
tioned ; but Bory suspects, and with reason, that it may very likely be found in
Madagascar. It has, as already observed, been confounded with P. propinquum,
Wall., or rather P. propinguiun with it.

398. P. (Drynaria) diver sifolium, Br. ; caudex stout elon-
gated creeping clothed with ferruginous long-pointed scales,
fronds coriaceo-membranaceous of two kinds arranged in a
coronal tuft ; sterile ones a span or more long sessile oblongo-
ovate acuminate cordate at the base tawny-brown lobato-
pinnatifid, segments obtuse the upper ones narrower and
subacuminate; fertile ones 2-4 feet long long-stipitate pin-
nate, pinnse distant a span to a foot long linear-lanceolate
acuminate subpetiolate articulated upon the rachis with a
depression or obscure gland at the inferior base crenato-ser-
rate at the margin, costules veniform connected by an irre-
gular network forming however a long primary costal sorife-
rous areole, the lesser areoles rarely including free veinlets,
sori sensibly sunk in the frond with corresponding pustules
on the opposite surface arranged in a single series on each side
of and near to the costa. — Br. Frodr. p. 147. Hook. Gard.
Ferns, t. 5. Metten. Polyp, p. 121. Drynaria, J. Sm. Polyp.
Gaudichaudi, Bory, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. i. v. 5. p.4'Jl. t. 13.
Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 158. t. 67. MetteJi. Polyp, p. 120. t. 3./. 46
and 47 {venation). P. quercifolium, Willd. {fide Metten.) P.
glaucistipes, Wall. Cat. n. 297- Drynaria pinnata, Fee, Gen.
Fil. /;. 272.

Hab. Tropical Australia, Brown, F. Mueller, All. Cunningham ; Blue Moun-

POLYPODIUM, § DIPTEBIS. 99

tains, Miss Atkinson. Malay Peninsula and Islands, Blume, Wallich, Sir IV.
Norris, Cuming, n. 218 and 2G3, De Vriese and Teijsmann, n. 17, 63. Tropical
Pacific Islands, Milne, Ilarvij, Braclcenridge. Norfolk Island, All. Cunningham.
— The most distinct of all the Z>/-y«a;-ia-group, the fertile fronds being strictly
pinnated.

§ 12. DiPTERis. — Fronds binate, generally ample, each portion repeatedly di-
chotomously flahelUform ; costce prominent, dichotomous, two branches run-
ning parallel in the long broad segments {one ?n P. Lobbianum). Vc7iation pro-
minent,very copiously and compoundly anastomosing wit hareoles oft en four -sided.
Sori small, compital, very copious, often arranged in series. Species mostly
tropical Indian or Pacific. — Ucn. Dipteris, Reinw., Moore. Sp. o99-401.

399. P. (Dipteris) JVallichii, Br. ; caudex creeping clothed
with appressed copious black hard subulato-setaceous scales
wrinkled at the back, stipites 1-2 and more feet long
smooth and polished, fronds coriaceous 1-2-i feet long and
much wider than long dark-green above pale-yellowish fer-
ruginous beneath, flabelliform bipartite into two nearly equal
broad-cuneate portions which are palmately and dichoto-
mously divided, ultimate segments 6-8-10 inches long H-2
inches wide oblong acuminate, cost?e from the summit of
the stipes dichotomously branched through the disk of the
frond, a single pair runs through each terminal segment
connivent at the apices, venation manifest prominent be-
neath, all the costae are united by transverse flexuose cos-
tules, these by a longitudinal flexuose vein through the middle
into two nearly equal series of costular areoles then again
into lesser ones all subquadrangular, sori small superhcial
copious scattered in the areoles but generally in series more
or less perfect and accompanied by a resinous or gummy sub-
stance.— Br. in Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 168-9. Wall. Cat.
n. 287. Metten. Polypod. p. 119. Drynaria, J. Sm. Dip-
teris, Moore, hid. Fil. p. 341. Polyp, macrocheiros. Wall.
Herb.

Ilab. India: Pundoa mountains, Wallich ; Assam, Khasya, Boutan, Griffith,
Hooker fil. and Thomson, Thos. Lobb. — A remarkable and noble species, named
after the most distinguished and liberal of Indian botanists.

400. P. (Dipteris) Horsfieldii, Br. ; caudex creeping rather
stout clothed with rigid black appressed subulate scales
wrinkled at the back, stipites 1-2 feet and more long, fronds
coriaceous 1-2-3 feet long and much wider than long flabel-
liform dark-green al)ove very glaucous beneath bipartite the
two portions palmately and dichotomously divided (as in the
preceding species) l^ut the ultimate segments arc more acu-

100 POLYPODIUM, § DIPTERIS.

minated and very strongly serrated, costee costules and vena-
tion also nearly as in the preceding species but the sori are
more numerous lax and irregular yet generally forming
transverse lines or series following the direction of the trans-
verse veins, the capsules never held together by particles
of gum-resin. — Br. in Wall. Cat. n. 286. Horsf. Fl. Jav. i.
t. 1. Drynaria, /. Sm., Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exped.p. 46.
Polyp, conjugatum, Kljfs. " IVesen cler Farrnkr. p. 104, 106."
Kze.' Annal. Fteridogr. p. 16. /. 10. Metten. Polypod. p. 119.
Dipteris, Reinw. Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 274 {excl. syn. Hook, and
Grev.). Polypod. Dipteris, Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 174. t. 81.

Hab. Malay and Pacific Islands: Penang, Wallich, Norris ; Java, Blume, Zol-
linger, De Vriese and Teijsmann, n. 31, Thos. Lobb ; Luzon, Cuming, n. 155;
Singapore, G. Thomson; Borneo, Thos. Lohb, Barber, Lowe, Wallace; Pacific
islands, Fiji, Brackenridge, Milne, Seemann, n. 734 (stipes stout, 5 feet long),
Harvey; Ovalau, Milne, Brackenridge (alt. 2000 feet); Aneiteum, Milne and
M^Gillivray, C. Moore. — There is great similarity in very many points between
this and the preceding species ; bnt the diff'erences above mentioned are very con-
stant, add to which P. Wallichii is quite peculiar (as far as we yet know) to the
continent of India, as P. Horsfieldii is to the Malayan and Pacific islands. Young
fronds of this bear a great resemblance to the foliage oi Jeff ersonia dip hylla oi N.
America.

401. P. (Dipteris) Lobbianum, Hook.; caudex? (probably
creeping), stipites 1 foot and more long, fronds coriaceous
8-10-12 inches long flabelliform glabrous 3-4 times digi-
tately dichotomous dark-brownish green above pale and
tawny beneath, segments 4-8 inches long scarcely \ an inch
wide linear-sublanceolate finely acuminated costate entire,
venation manifest, the costules form a costal series of large
soriferous areoles, the rest of the veins unite constituting
lesser areoles and include free veinlets, sori 1-2 in each
primary areole (sometimes confluent) in a single series very
near the costa. — Hook, hi Kew Gard. Misc. \.p. .300. t. 11.
Metten. Polyp, p. 104. Dipteris, Moore.

Hab. Malacca, Mount Ophir and Sarawak, Borneo, Thos. Lobb. — A very rare
and elegant species, and though so extremely different, yet naturally allied to P.
Wallichii and P. Horsfieldii.

§ 13. DiCTYOPTERis. — A not very satisfactory section, especially as defined by
Presl, u'ho makes it to include the simple-fronded Polypod. attenuatum, Br.
(§ Phyraatodes, nobis), and a more natural group with subdecompound frond,
and with the habit of Sagenia or Euaspidiura among Aspidieae, but to which is
attributed as essential the having areoles destitute of free included veinlets,
which is by no means a constant character. — Gen. Dictyopteris, Pr. Tent. Pterid.
t. 8./. 7. Sp. 402-409.

402. P. (Dictyopteris) Barberi, Hook.; caudex rather stout

POLYPOUIUM, § DICTYOPTERIS. 101

suberect or ascending copiously rooting partially paleaceous
with dark-brown subulate scales, stipites 6-12 inches long
fasciculate, fronds when young 4-G inches long simple pal-
mately 5-lobed with the lobes acute, lowest pair of lobes de-
flexed or (when mature) 1-H foot long subcoriaceous mi-
nutely pellucido-punctulate olive-l)rown when dry approach-
ing to glaucous broad ovate ternate or pinnate, pinna) distant
petiolate especially the lower ones 5-6 inches long, lateral
intermediate ones from a broad unequally cuneate base ob-
longo-acuminate entire or sinuato-sublobate, lowest ones
always the largest and always unequally bipartite, the inferior
segment deflexed sometinjes as large as the upper ones and
the latter are sometimes pinnatifid, terminal pinutc very large
long petioled acuminate deeply pinnatifid the lowest seg-
ments very long, venation manifest, the costules send out
veins which are united or confluent into variously-formed
areoles including numerous free straight veinlets, sori copious
dorsal or terminal on a vein or veinlet.

Ilab. Malay islands: Pulo-Penang, WalUch (marked "P. confluens, Wall.;"
Tavoy, n. 379, Wallich (marked Aspidium variolosum, Wall.) ; Borneo, Barber, n.
276; Indian Archipelago. — These, from the several localities just mentioned, are
unquestionably one and the same species, and were they involucrate I should
be content to refer them to some of the forms of Dr. Wallich's Aspid. vario-
losum ; but such is not the case : and I can hardly think they could pass into
P. irregulare, though that is its nearest aftinity among the " nudisori." To the
late Mr. Barber, after whom 1 have named this species, if it be really such, 1 am
indebted for a very rich collection of Bornean plants.

403. P. (Dictyopteris) irregulare^ Pr. ; caudex stout
ascending, stipites tufted 4 inches to 1| foot in length black
setaceo-paleaceous at the base, fronds subcoriaceo-membra-
naceous minutely pellucido-punctulate glabrous often sub-
glaucous beneath, pinnate witli very numerous pinuce from 6
inches to a foot long 1-3 inches wide more or less petiolate
broad-oblong acuminated the lowest pair half-ovate unequally
bipartite, lowest segments deflexed and sometimes free and
5-6 inches long all of them more or less deeply lobed often
to within one-third of the costa, the lobes oblong acute or
acuminate entire or sinuato-lobate, terminal pinna petiolate
pinnatifid, costule one to each lobe, the veins anastomose
copiously forming elongated areoles which are longest near
the costee and costules, areoles frequently including a free
veinlet, sori dorsal or compital or even terminal on the free
veins copious but rarely approaching the costa. — Pr. Reliq.
Hank. i. ;;. 25. t. 4./. 3. BL Fil.Juv.p. 164. t. 72 [very good).

102 POLYPODIUM, § DICTYOPTERIS.

Dictyopteris, Pr. Tent. Pterid.p. 194. /. 8./. 7. Moore. Polyp,
diffoi-ine, Bl. Fil. Jav. 135. Aspidium, BL En. Fil. Jav.p. 160.
Dictyopteris, Moore, Lid. Fil. p. 90. Phegopteris, Metten.
Fil. Hart. Lips. p. 84. t. 85. /. 29. Pheg. macrodonta, Mei-
ten. Phegopt. p. 31. Dictyopteris, Pr. Tent. Pterid. p.
194. Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 267. t. 31 A.f. 2. Polyp, confluens.
Wall. Cat. n. 325. Polyp, exitnium, Kze. in Bot. Zeit. iv.
p. 424.

Hab. Abundant in the Malay islands: Borneo, Z)<? V?-iese, n. 67 , Thos.Lobb,
Motley ; Luzon, Cuming, n. 114 (not n. 9) ; Malacca, Wallich, n. 325, and n. 379
(marked Aspid. variolosum), Griffith (6-7 feet long) ; Moulniein, Parish, n. 119 ;
Fiji islands, Harvey, Seemann, n. 746. — The present and following species are
among Polypodia what Sagenia and Euasjyidium are among Aspidia, and no de-
pendence can be placed on the presence or absence of free veinlets.

404. P. {p\ctyoY>tQV\^) petrophyum, Bl.;" fronds bipinna-
tifid (rather pinnate the pinnae pinnatifid) membranaceous
subglabrous, pinnse sessile a foot long oblongo-lanceolate acu-
minate pinnatifid^ segments subfalcato-oblong obtuse entire,
those of the lowest pinnse elongated rather acute coarsely
crenate" (not so represented), "stipes and rachis channelled
above and subpubescent." Bl. Fil. Jav.p. 103. /. 71 • Metten.
Aspid. p. 32. Dictyopteris, Moore, Lnd. Fil. /j. 318. Aspidium
saxicola, Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 160.

Hab. Java, Blume. — I have seen no authentic perfect specimen of this ; but
probably it will prove to be one of the many varieties of P. irregulare. Blume
himself says of this, " A P. irregulari satis superqne distinguitur laciniis magis
elongatis sororumque dispositione." Mettenius places it in a section, "Maculae
appendiculatffi," and P. irregidare in one " Maculaj inappendiculatae."

405. P. (Dictyopteris) megalocarjmm, Hook.; caudex?,
stipes (upper portion only) and rachis dark ebeneous brown
pubescent, frond ample 2 feet and probably more long 1 foot
and more wide coriaceo-membranaceous opaque paler and
glabrous beneath above villosulous with minute scattered
pale paleaceous hairs pinnated pinnatifid at the apex, pinnse
subopposite 4-9 inches long 1^-3 inches wide subfalcate
from a broad truncated sessile base broad-oblong shortly
acuminated and all uniformly deeply pinnatifid to about
three-fourths of the way to the costa, segments oblong ob-
tuse quite entire sinuous obtuse, veinlets reticulated with
rather small areoles (no free included veinlets), costular
areoles the largest, most of the veinlets in the segments free,
sori universal on all the pinnae very large compital regularly
arranged one or at most two series on the disk parallel with

rOLYl'OniUM, § DICTYOPTERIS. 103

the costa and a double series on every segment occupying
nearly the whole space between the costule and the margin.

Hal). Java, Thos. Lobb. — A most distinct species of this Sagenioid group of
Poll/podium, -with unusually large sori and arranged with great regularity.

40G. P. (Dictyopteris) Erovgniariii, Bory ; caudex " subar-
horeous," sti])es?, frond " 3-!^ feet long at least" broad ob-
longo-ovate acuminate firm-membranaceousglaln'ous pinnate
bipinnate below, deeply pinnatifid at the ape.v, primary pinnte
short petioled G-14 inches long j-Sj inches wide from a
broad base oblong much acuminated distant, upper ones
more lanceolate and lobato-pinnatifid the rest deeply almost
to the rachis pinnatifid, segments l|-2 inches long |-H
inch wide from a broad base gradually acuminate entire or
crenato-lobate, lowest pair (or more?) pinnate with distant
pinnae 2-.3 inches long lanceolate, veins or costules straight,
veinlets nearly equally reticulated having here and there free
included veinlets, costular areoles included always elongated,
sori quite marginal. — Bory, in Du Perry, Voy.p. 263. t. 34. P.
pteroides, Pr. Relig. Hcenk.p. 25. t. 5./". 4 {not KL). Dicty-
opteris, /. Sm. Fee, Gen. Flip. 267- t. 21. A.f. 1.

Hah. Indian Archipelago: Sorzogon, Hcenke ; \Vaigiou, D'Urville; Luzon,
Cuming, n. 171. — More compound than P. irregulare, with more elongated seg-
ments, and remarkahle for the constantly marginal sori.

407. P. (Dictyopteris) Cumingimmm, Hook. ; caudex ?,
stipes ?, frond 2 feet and probably more long broad ovate
acuminate more or less firmly membranaceous glabrous bi-
pinnate below, pinnate above the middle, pinnatifid at the
apex, pinn£E short petiolate distant primary simple ones G-S
inches long 1-2 inches and more broad oblong-acuminate
deeply sometimes nearly to the costa pinnatifid, segments
^-1^ inch long oblong acuminate subfalcate entire or lobed
at the margin (lowest ones sometimes free), lowest primary
pinnated pinnas nearly a foot long from a very broad base
triangulari-oblong, pinnules 3-4-5 inches long \-\ inch wide
lanceolate acun)inate lobato-pinnatifid, veinlets mostly reticu-
lated with large angular areoles (no free included veinlets as
far as I can find) costal ones the largest generally free at the
apex of the segments, sori dorsal or usually compital irregu-
larly scattered chiefly on the segments, the disk (parallel
with the costa;) without sori. — Dictyopteris Cumingiana, Pr.
Ohs. in Epiinel. BoLp.61 {without cliaracter). Dictyopteris
macrodonta, J. Sm. in Hook. Journ. Bot. m.p. 306 {as regards

104 POLYPODIUM, § DICTYOPTERIS.

Cuming's n. 9). Sagenia varia, Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exped.
p. 1 83 ?, vix Presl.

Hab. Luzon, Cuminff,n. 9. Samoan Islands, Milne, n. 530, Brackenridge ? .
Fiji Islands, Cairns? (segments of the pinnae deep, the margins lohed). — This is,
I think, quite distinct from P. irregulare, with which Mr. Smith seems to have
confounded it.

408. P. (Dictyopteris) Cameroonianwn, Hook. ; caudex ?,
stipites stout 4 feet long dark-brown rather glossy, fronds
ample probably 3-4 feet and more long and 2|-3 feet wide
(judging by the spread of the lowest pair of pinnae) firm-
membranaceous dark blackish-green, pinnate below (or sub-
bipinnate but the pinnules united by a wing) deeply pinna-
tifid above, primary pinnae very large distant lowest pair 17
inches long 9-10 inches wdde petiolate upper ones sessile all
of them like the upper portion of the frond deeply pinnatifid
with rather remote segments from 2-4 inches long \-lh inch
broad spreading finely and gradually acuminated all more or
less lobato-pinnatifid (except at the acuminated apices), lobes
subtriangular ovate entire, venation manifest, costae and cos-
tules pale-green the latter distinct corresponding to the mar-
ginal lobes, the intermediate veins form an irregular network
of rather large areoles (costal ones always present) with or
without a free included veinlet, sori rather small at first ap-
pearing irregularly scattered but they do form a distant
double series one on each side the costa and (though less
perfectly) 3-4 other series parallel with the costa.

Hab. Cameroon Mountains, W. trop. Africa, alt. 3000 feet, G. Mann, n. 1362.
— Could I find the trace of an involucre on this Fern I should have been disposed
to refer it to some of the forms of Sagenia or Euaspidium among Jspidiea.
Among the Nudisori, however, its place is clearly with the Dictyopteris section
of Polypodium, with no described species of which does it accord.

409. P. (Dictyopteris) tenerifrons. Hook. ; caudex small
creeping underground scaleless with very few radicles, sti-
pites few remote slender glossy stramineous, the base very
tomentose with a few sparse scales partly subterraneous at-
tached to the caudex by a small point, fronds thin membrana-
ceous pale-green glabrous subpuberulous on the veins 6-9
inches long quite as broad as long cordato-deltoid subternate
or pinnated with 3-9 subfalcate pinnae, lateral ones nearly op-
posite petiolate lowest pair half-ovate acuminate 4-6 inches
long lobato-pinnatifid those of the superior margin with broad
ovate nearly equal subdenticulate blunt lobes, the inferior ones
much elongated and acuminated the basal ones again lobato-

JAMESONIA. 105

pinnatifid, intermediate piniire ovato-lanceolate piniiatifid, ter-
minal pinna long petiolate broad-ovate acuminate deeply pin-
natifid especially at the base, veinlets uniformly reticulated,
areoles with no included free veinlets, costular areoles large,
sori rather irregularly scattered dorsal or compitaL

Hab. Monlmeiiie, among limestone rocks, Rev. C. S. P. Parish, n. 92. Gaboon
Ilivcr, W. trop. Africa, Luzon, Gustav Mann. — This delicate and very membrana-
ceous Fern was brought under my notice by my valued correspondent Mr. Pa-
rish, as resembling small specimens of Aspidium coadunafuin {A. cicularhim, nob.) ;
yet it is very different in its caudex, in the texture of the frond, in the venation,
and in the entire absence of involucre in all our many specimens. Our African
plant from the Gaboon is identical with the Indian one. My Polyp. ( Dictyopteris)
memhranaceum, published in Blakiston's ' Five Months on the Yang-tsze,' proves
on further investigation to be an Aspidioid Fern, of which I here give the cha-
racter in a footnote.*

SuBORD. X.— GRAMMITIDE^.

Sori more or less oblong or linear, destitute of Involucre. —
Grammitaceae, Pr. [including Tcenitidese, Pr.), distinguished
by the generaJhj very elongated narrow naked sori, simple or
branched or variously anastomosing, arising from the veins or
extending to the parenchyme. — The genera here adopted are,
Jamesonia, Notliochlfena, Monogramme, Gymnogramme {in-
cluding Grammitis), Brainea, Meniscium, Antrophyum, A^it-
taria, Taenitis, Drymoglossum, Hemionitis. Gen. 1-11.

1. Jamesonia, Hook, and Grev.

(Hook, and Grev. in Ic. Fil. tab. 178. Hook. Gen.
FiL. TAB. Xni. Kunze, in part. Pteris, Cav., Sw., Willd.
Cheilanthes, Desv. Allosorus, Pr. Gymnogramme, A7.)

Sori oblong arising from the disk of the pinncB, on the fla-

* At p. 40 of this volume, after Aapidlum (EuaqndiumJ calcareum, 7i, 57,
should be inserted : —

bl his. Aspidium (Euaspidium) membranaceum,\{o6k.; caudex short rather
stout or ascending or subrcpand crowned at the apex with a conical mass of black
linear-subulate glossy scales, stipites subfascicled a span long slender paleaceous
only at the base with the same scales as are upon the caudex, frond about as
long as the stipes membranaceous dark blackish-green puberulous especially be-
neath deltoideo- or cordato-ovate acuminate bipinnate in the middle, subl)ipinnatilid
at the apex, at the base tripinnate, primary pinna; 5-7-petiolate inferior ones 4
inches long semiovate the lower half being the broadest subfalcate, thtir se-
condary pinnae sessile lanceolate deeply pinnatifid, the segments oblong entire or
crenate, intermediate primary ones ovato-lanceolate deeply pinnatifid with seg-
ments like those just described, the lowest segments sometimes five, the large
VOL. V. P

106 JAMESONIA.

bellate veins distant from the margin at length confluent,
mixed with a dense mass of aureo-nitent or ferruginous long
fine woolly hairs ; similar hairs in a young state clothe the
whole of the young fronds and the still undeveloped apex of
the older ones. Involucre none, but the margins of the pinnee
are singularly I'eflexed and more or less membranous at the
edge which thus becomes involucriform, nearly plane in age.
— Fern of Peru, the Andes, Ecuador, and New Granada, grow-
ing, according to Jameson, in marshy places among Sphagnum,
and at elevations of from 8-14,000 feet. Caudex creeping,
tortuous, very much branched, black, with black wiry roots.
Stipites black, fiexuose, glabrous, short or elongated. Fronds
linear, simply pinnate, varying exceedingly in length from 6
inches to 2 feet. Pinnae very crowded.

Fee and Mettenius dwell much on the " indefinite evolution " of the frond. It
certainly does appear of slow growth, for in the majorityof specimens we find the
apex scorpioid (unexpanded) and densely clothed with silky wool which gradually
falls off in age. Moore observes truly that it is a well-marked genus respecting the
majority of the species referred to it. I am compelled, however, to remove from
it the compound-fronded species, /. Jmpidula, Kze., which is Gymnogramme Ca-
racasana, K\., J. paleacea, Kze., which \% Polypodium ( Phegopteris) jjycnolepis,
and J. bipinnata, Fee, which is Gymnogramme elongata, Hook, and Grev. /.
adnata, Kze., is properly referred to Polypod. (PhegopterisJ moniliforme, Cav.,
and I fear the other supposed species of authors must merge into the original /.
imbricata, Hook, and Grev.

1. J. imbricata. Hook, and Grev. — a, gracilis ; slender,
frond narrow linear, stipes usually short filiform. Hook. Ic.
Fil. 178 (J. pulchella on the plate and in the text, but cor-
rected in the Addendum). — Pteris imbricata, Cav. [fide Sw.)
Sw. Sijn. Fil. p. 102. JVilld. Sp. PI. v. p. 364. Cheilanthes,
Desv. AUosorus, Pr. Pt. orbiculata, Lam. Jamesonia sca-
laris, Kze. in Bot. Zeit. 1844.;). 738, and in Schk. Fil. \.p. 167.
t. 1\.f. 1. — Var. 13, canescens ; very densely and most beau-
tifully sericeo-lanose, the hair often of a rich purple-yellow
colour concealing the pinnae. J. canescens, Kze. in Schk.
Fil. Suppl. ii. p. 81. t. 133./. 2. Gymnogramme, Kl. J. ro-
tundifolia. Fee, 7 me Mem. Foug. Nouv. p. 41. /. 10. /. 3. J.
nivea, J. robusta, and J. Bogotensis, Krst. Fl. Columbia, ii.

pinnatifid apex is petiolate, veinlets uniform, reticulated areoles with no free
veinlets, costal areoles the largest, sori with a small peltate (?) involucre (very
sparse on my only two specimens) compital small. — Polypodium (Dictyopteris)
membranaceum, Hook, in Blakiston, ' Five Months on the Yang-tsze,' App. j). 365.
Hab. Philippine Islands, Cuming (numbered inaccurately). Province of
Szcliuan. W. China, Col. Sarel. — The scales of the caudex and base of the stipes
are peculiar, and the fronds are different from any other of the Aspidioid group.

NOTHOCHLiENA. 107

p. 29. t. 115. — Var. 7, cinnamomea; stipites 3-6 inches long
thick as a pigeon's quill, frond broader, pin nee very concave
subsecund glossy. J. cinnamomea, Kze. in Schk. Fll.f. 1.
p. 169. t. 71./. 2 {very f/ood). Hook. Ic. PL t. 713.— Var. S,
verticalis ; stipites stout thick as a pigeon's quill 12-15 inches
long, fronds short in proportion 6-10 inches long, pinnae
large vertical horizontally i)atent broad ovate from the greater
rccurvature of the margin at the sides scarcely villous (pro-
bably from age). J. verticalis, Kze. in Schk. Fil. Sup/jl. p.
194. t. 82./. 1.

Ilab. a, Andes of Ecuador, Jameson, frequent, n. 25, 327, 708 (alt. 14,000
feet). N. Granada, Schlim, n. 479 and 364, Moritz, n. 338 (J. scalaris, Kze., Kl.),
Linden, n. 519 (coinnion form, together with specimens with all the leaves verti-
cal ; one of them has the frond 22 inches long with distant patent leaves) and
52.). Peru, Maihexrs, n. 979, Lechler, n. 2153, 2036, and 2032 ("7. scalaris,'"
very slender and small), Purdie. The above present the ordinary form of the
l)liint as represented in the figures quoted. — Var. 0, canescens ; Ecuador, Jame-
son, n. 60, Spruce. New Granada, Moritz, n. 339, Schlim, 850 (one specimen
forked near the base), 844, 363 (" /. roiundifolia," evidently old specimens of this
variety partially bald), Holton, n. 25. Many of the specimens of this variety are
exquisitely beautiful, from the rich clothing of silky hairs quite concealing the
piiuiic, and some are so erect and cylindrical and hairy as to resemble in minia-
ture some of the Cactuses of the group of Cereus senilis. — Var. y, cinnamomea.
This has only been found by Jameson, volcano of Pasto, 14,000 feet, n. 12, and
by Ilartweg, n. 1516. I can only consider it a gigantic form of/, imbricata. —
Var. 5, verticalis. This has only been found by Hartweg, Andes of Popayan,
I'cru, n. 1848 and 1504.

2. NOTHOCHL^NA, Br.

(Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXXVI. CincinaHs, Desv.
Cheilanthes and Gymnogramme, Metten., in part.)

Sori marginal, oblong or sublinear, or, if short and subro-
tund, situated at the apex of the simple or forked veins and
coniiuent into a continuous or interrupted marginal line or
sorus. No distinct involucre, but the edge of the frond is
sometimes a little reflexed and subindusioid. — Usually small,
more or less compoKud Ferns, often hairy or ivoolly or cerea-
ceoHS beneath, with habit and sori of Cheilanthes, so that the
limits of the two genera are not easily defined. Some species
border too closely on Gynmogramme.

* Fronds jmmate. Sp. 1-6.

1. 'J^.simiata, Klfs. ; caudex creeping and clothed with
subulate ferruginous scales and bearing bulbiforui knobs as
large as hazel-nuts similarly paleaceous and from which the

108 NOTHOCHLiENA.

new fronds seem to emerge, stipites clustered red-brown 2-4
inches long at first (as well as the stout rachis) clothed with
ferruginous wool mixed with a few membranaceous scales,
fronds a span to 2 feet long f of an inch to 2h inches broad
coriaceous elongato-oblong pinnated, pinnae numerous petio-
late i an inch to more than 1 inch long ovate lobato-pinna-
tifid naked and generally bright-green above, beneath clothed
'with ferruginous or whitish paleaceous scales, the margin a
little inflexed, sorus forming a broad continuous band at the
margin and following the course of the sinuses. — Kaulf. En.
Fil. p. 135. Kze. in Schk. Fil. p. 95. t. 45 [ejccellent] . Acro-
stichum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 14. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 120. Gym-
nogramme, Pr. Nothochl. Isevis, Mart, and Gal. Fil. Mex.
p. 46. — Var. /5, integerrima ; pinnse smaller, entire or nearly
so. — Var. 7, bipinnata ; frond bipinnate, pinnules ovate lobed
sessile. N. sinuata, Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exp. p. 21.

Hab. Mexico, from east to west, apparently abundant, Andrieux, n. 33, Mar-
tens and Galeotti, n. 6350, Schaffner, Liebmann, Linden, n. 1544, Jurgensen, n.
677. Sierra Madre, N.W. Mexico, Seemann, n. 1935. Western Texas and El
Paso, C. Wright, n. 614 and 815. Caracas, Linden, n. 511. Ecuador, valley of
the Andes, alt. 7000 feet, Jameson, n. 6. Tucuman, on earthen walls, Tweedie. —
Var. ;3, Mexico, Liebmann, in Herb, nostr.. Dr. J. Gregg ; Sierra Madre, N.W.
Mexico, Seemann, n. 1928. — Var. y, Banos, Andes of Peru, Brackenridge, in
Herb, nostr. — Our var. /3 is a very remarkable and elegant form, with pinnse in
shape much resembling those oi Asplenium Trichomanes. The upper sides of the
pinnse are hoary with greyisli down.

2. N. ferruginea, Hook. ; caudex creeping sending down
long fibrous roots and having on the upper side bulbiform
scaly buds which are frondiferous, stipites clustered 2-4
inches long rigid tomentose at length naked and black,
fronds 6-8 or 10 inches long erect firm-coriaceous lanceolate
pinnate, pinnae horizontal sessile \ an inch or a little more
long oblong obtuse dentato-pinnatifid villous above densely
ferrugineo- or albo-pilose, segments or teeth 6-8 on each
side short uniform, the margins more or less revolute and
subinvolucrate, sori very black. Hook. 2d Cent, of Ferns, t.
52. Cheilanthes, Willd. in Kaulf. En. Fil. p. 209. Metten.
Cheilanth. p. 23. Nothochlsena rufa, Pr. Rel. Hank. i. p. 19.
Liebm. Fil. Mex. p. 62. N. tomentosa, Desv. Journ. Bot. iii.
p. 92. N. trichomanoides, Mart, and Gal. Fil. Mex. p. 45
{not Br.).

Hab. S. America (" Vahl, Herb.") : Peru, Mathews ; Ecuador, Jameson, n. 67,
47, and 7, Spruce, n. 5325, Pcejjpig ; Columbia, Moritz, n. 250; Santa Martha,
Purdie, Linden, n. 514; Guateuiala and Mexico, Galeotti, n. 3465, alt. 3-5000

XOTHOCHL^NA. 109

feet ; New Mexico, Eaton. Jamaica, St. Andrew's parish and elsewhere, frequent,
alt. 3-4000 feet, Wilson, llartweg, n. 1516, March, and others. — This has been
confounded with the rufous variety of N. trichomanoidus, from which it is very
distinct.

3. N. affinis, Hook. ; '• caudex creeping clothed with
blackish lanceolato-subulate ciliated scales, stipites 1-2
inches long brown upwards setose with slender scales and
sprinkled with a cereaccous substance, fronds subcoriaceous,
above laxly beneath thickly covered with a white powdery
substance 3 inches long elongato- lanceolate pinnated, pinnae
alternate laxly placed obliquely patent shortly petiolate 3-4
lines long ovato-oblong obtuse i)iunatipartite, the lowest ones
abbreviated, segments 3-4 on each side coadunate ovate or
oblong obtuse entire, sori of few capsules black forming an
intraniarginal line sunk in the cereaceous mass." Mettea. —
Cheilanthes, Metten. CheU. p. 20. Nothochleena pulveracea,
Kl. Linncea, xx. />. 417, excl. syn.

Ilab. " Mexico " {Aschenborn). — Unknown to me.

4. N. trichomanoides, Br. ; caudex short stout creeping often
studded with bulbiform processes and all clothed with subu-
late black glossy appressed scales, stipites 2-4 inches long
rather stout purple-black and as well as the rachis more or
less villous and pubescent, fronds 6-12 inches long h-\ inch
or Ij inch broad coriaceous pinnated dark-green above and
glabrous beneath pure white with cereaceous powder and
clothed with deciduous stellated tomentum, pinnse numerous
horizontal sessile or nearly so, from a broad cordate or trun-
cated base ovato-oblong obtuse subentire or lobato-sinuate
the largest lobes at the base constitute obtuse rounded auri-
cles, sori forming a narrow continuous border just within the
edge. — Br. Prodr. p. 145 [inobs.]. Klfs. En. Fil.p. 133. Pteris,
Linn. Sp. PL p. 1532. Sw. Syn. Fit. p. 102. Schlc. Fil. p.^\.
t. 99. Cincinahs, Desv. Cheilanthes, Metten. CheU. p. 18.
— Plum. Fil. t. 75.

Hah. Jamaica, common, and for a long time supposed to be peculiar to that
island. Cuba, C. Wright, n. 77f) and 1018. — The under side of this Fern appears
in Herbaria under two very difterent colours, pure white and rusty colour: the
tirst is due to a pulverulent cereaceous substance attached to the cuticle; tlie
latter to ferruginous down mixed with soft slender scales which, being deciduous,
the white powder is brought into view.

.'). IS . hypoleuca, Kze. ; caudex creeping clothed with dark-
brown glossy paleaceous subulate piliferous scales often also

110 NOTHOCHL^NA.

bearing small frondiferous bulbs, stipites tufted slender ebene-
ous purple pubescent as well as the rachis eventually glabrous
and glossy, fronds 2-5 inches in length oblong subcoriacous
downy above when young in maturity glabrous green, be-
neath densely albo- or ferrugineo-tomentose pinnated, the
apex pinnatifid, pinnae |-| of an inch long ovato-oblong
deeply more than halfway to the costa pinnatifid, segments
oblong obtuse, sori forming a continuous line along the mar-
gin and sinuses. — Kze. in Lhmcea, ix. /?. 54, and in Sc/ik. Fil.
Suppl. p. 1 14. t. 53./" 1. Gay, Fl. Chil. vi. p. 459. Cheilan-
thes, Metten. Cheil. p. 22.

Hab. Chili, Pcejjjng, and all travellers, Ctiming, n. 200 ; Sierra de Portezuela,
southern extremity of the Cordova range, and Tucuman, on earthen walls, Tweedie.
— A peculiar and well-marked species.

6. N. Rawsoni, Pappe ; caudex long creeping paleaceous
with membranaceous rigid subulate scales black in the centre,
stipites approximate at length naked and ebeneous, fronds a
span long linear carnoso-coriaceous pinnated, pinnsR alter-
nate rather distant 4-5 lines long subsessile cordato-ovate
obtuse lobato-pinnatifid naked above and green beneath very
thickly albo- or ferrugineo-pannose with matted hairs, the
margins subincrassated very patent, lobes 5-9 rounded ob-
tuse, sori marginal continuous, capsules black. — Pappe, in
Pappe and Rawsoa's Synops. Fil. Afr. Austr. p. 42. Hook.
2d Cent, of Ferns, t.'J'J.

Hab. S.Africa: hills between Spehlakel and Koraaggas, Namaqua-Land, Rev.
H. Whitehead, 1856. — Allied to N.ferrnginea, N. sinuata, and N. trichomano-
ides, of tropical America, but unquestionably distinct. The caudex is always
destitute of bulbs and the pinnae are very different in shape. 1 am indebted to
Kawson Wm. Rawson, Esq., C.B., Colonial Secretary at the Cape, and to Rear-
Admiral Sir Frederick Grey, K.C.B., for fine specimens.

** Bijnnnate, or more or less decompound. Sp. 7-27.

7. N. Candida, Hook. ; caudex creeping or ascending pa-
leaceous with black glossy subulate scales ferruginous at the
margin, stipites clustered 2-5 inches long ebony-black, fronds
1-3^ inches long |-2^ inches wide subdeltoideo-ovate acu-
minate bi-tripinnate naked above beneath densely albo-pul-
verulent, primary pinnse opposite horizontally patent lowest
pair more distant than the rest unequally deltoideo-ovate, the
inferior secondary pinnae of the under side elongate and
again pinnated the rest pinnate or deeply pinnatifid, pinnules
and segments 2-3 lines long oblong obtuse, the margin en-

NOTHOCHLyENA. Ill

tire slightly reflexcd, sori formed of black capsules immersed
in the pulverulent substance and forming a single series or
line close to the margin. — Hook. Sp. Fil. siqira, ii. p. \\Ci{name) .
Cheilanthes, Mart, and Gal. Fil. Mex. p. 73. t. 20. f. I. b
[only, and that very bud). Metten. Cheil. p. 20. Ch. mono-
sticiia, Metten. I. c. Ceropteris, Fee, Ime Mem. p. 44. t. 22.
f. 2 [excellent). N. argentea, Lowe, Ferns, i. t. 55. 'N. cre-
tacea, Liehm. Fil. Mex.p. 64 {and in Herb, nostr., small form).
— Var. lutea. Pteris lutea, Cav. Dem. p. 267 ? Siv. ? IVilld. ?
— Var. aurea. Pteris aurantiacea, Cav. Dem. p. 266? Siv.?
and IVilld.? — Nzx.~)-fido-palmata ; fronds less compound ter-
nate, primary lateral divisions unequally bifid deeply pinna-
tifid as well as the terminal division, segments lanceolate
crenate or entire. Probably a distinct species.

Ilab. Mexico, Galeo(fi,n. 6442, Liebmann, Schaffner ; New Mexico, C. Wright,
n. 820; Galapagos, Scouler, Cuming, n. 110. — Var. lutea. Peru: Huanaco
(powder l)enea(li pale-yellow), Mathews, n. 981. Chilian Andes, Gillies. — Var.
aurea. Peru, Ruiz and Pavon ; hot valleys of Ecuador, Seemann, n. 946.— Var.
b-fido-palmata. California, Dr. J. M. Bigelow, in Whipple's Expl. ; New
Mexico, C. Wright. — I think I am correct in uniting those specimens which have
the differently-coloured pulverulent substance beneath ; and indeed there are va-
rious gradations between the purest white and bright gold-colour. I am most
doubtful about the 5-fido-palmate form, for my specimens, though very perfect,
yet curl up in drying so much that it is difficult to detect the exact composition
of the frond.

8. N. nivea, Desv. ; "caudex ascending, stipites ebeneous-
brown glossy, fronds 6-10 inches long subcoriaceous glabrous
above, pilose (not in any of my numerous specimens) beneath
and there clothed with a white cereaceous pulverulent mass
ovate tripinnate below, primary divisions (or pinrifc) opposite
distant, secondary ones pinnate or tripartite, tertiary pinnae
short petiolate, lateral ones from a narrowed base cordate,
terminal ones from a cuneate base elliptical oblong ol)tusc
entire, secondary veins several times forked soriferous at
their apices, sori confluent exhibiting a continuous intrainar-
ginal line, the margin (of the pinnules) produced beyond the
apices of the veins very narrow scarcely thinner than the rest
(vix attenuatus)." Metten. — Desv.Journ.Bot.ni.p.93. Kze.
in Schk. Fil. Suppl. p. 4.3. t. 22. /. 1. Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips,
p. 46. Pteris, Xam. Cincinalis, Desv. Fee, Gen. p. 160. A-
crostichum, Desv. A. albidulum, Cav. Siv. Syn. Fil. p. 205.
t. 1./. 2. Willd. Sp. PI. V. p. 125. Nothochlfena, Stur:>,
Fil. Chil. p. 16. Gymnogramme nivea, Metten. Cheil. p. 7
(m note). N. incana, Pr. Rcliq. Hatnk. i. p. 19. /. 1./. 2.—

112 NOTHOCHL^NA.

Yar. flava; powdery substance beneath bright yellow. Vix
Gymnogramme flavens, Klf's. and Hook. Fil. Exot. t.A^ ? An
Acrostichum tereticaule, Desv. Journ. Bot. i. j). 274?

Hab, Tropical America: Peru, Poeppig, Mathews, n. 755, M'Lean, Lechler, n.
1830; Ecuador, Huano, Spruce, n. 5632; Loxa, Ecuador, Seemann. Fee gives
Mexico as a locality, Schoffner ; and Sturm gives Juan Fernandez, on the autlio-
rity of Bertero, but Bertero's plant is N. Ckilemis. — What I have here called
\?LX.flava I cannot distinguish from A^. nivea, except in colour. I was at first
disposed to consider it a small form of Gymnogramme flavens, but this, in itssori,
is as true a Nothochlcena as N. nivea. Mettenius, on the genus Cheilanthes, re-
fers all of this group of Nothochlcena to Gymnogramme.

9. N. tenera, Gill. ; caiulex " erect," stipites tufted slen-
der 2-3 inches long capillary and ebeneous-black as well as
the rachis and petioles, fronds very membranaceous glabrous
glaucous 3-4 inches long 1-2 broad deltoideo-ovate subtripin-
nate, primary pinnae (except the superior ones) petiolate
distant upon the rachis, secondary ones and the terminal
ones generally ternate, pinnules 2-3 lines long elliptical en-
tire sessile, the margin plane or scarcely revolute, costules
beaded as it were with little elevations on the under side,
sori of rather few sparse black capsules forming a line within
the margin. — Gillies, in Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3055. Kze. in
Schk. Fil. Svppl.p. 44. /. 22./. 2. Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips,
p. 46. Cincinalis, Desv., Fee.

Hab. Mendoza, eastern foot of the Chilian Andes, and baths of Villavicenzia,
Dr. Gillies. Bolivia, and on earth-walls about Tucuman, Tweedie. — The entire
absence of the powdery substance on the under side of the fronds, after a long
period of cultivation and increase from spores, led to the retention of this
as a species distinct from N. nivea ,- but some of my mature specimens from
Tweedie, exhibiting clearly traces of the powder, go far towards inducing me to
believe that it may not be specifically distinct from that.

10. N. Chilensis, Hook.; caudex thick erect crowned with
copious subulate ferruginous scales, stipites tufted 2-4 inches
long rather stout deep-purple and as well as the rachis ebe-
neous glossy, fronds 2-3 inches long H-2 inches wide sub-
coriaceous glabrous naked above beneath white-farinose (not
very densely so) tripinnate almost to the apex, primary pinnae
(about 7-9) I to nearly 1 inch long very patent deltoideo-ovate,
opposite lower ones rather distant on petioles 2 lines long,
upper ones sessile approximate, secondary pinnae sessile ob-
long ovate horizontal 5-7 opposite approximate, lower ones
pinnated upper ones pinnatifid terminal one generally 3-
lobed, segments or pinnules oval-oblong about 2 lines long
entire or 2-lobed their margins slightly reflexed all soriferous

NOTHOCIIL/ENA. 113

th roughout the entire plant, sori rather pronainent forming a
brown Hne all round just within the margin (not sunk in the
powdery substance). (Tab. CCLXXXVI. A.) — Cincinalis
Chilensis, Fee, in Gay, Fl. CkU. p. 497. Nothochlaena nivea,
Bertej'o, mss., and Moore {certainly not of Desvaux) .

Hal). Juan Fernandez, on rocks in hot situations near El Pangal, Bertero, n.
1549. — No one familiar with N. nivea, on seeing this plant, can possibly confound
the two. It is in.ieed a very reiiiarkahle species, in ramification between the lax
character of N. nivea, with its long hair-like petioles, and the less divided and
more compact form of iV. Candida ; quite distinct from both.

1 1 . N. dealbata, Kze. ; caudex short thick erect densely
paleaceous at the apex with ferruginous subulate scales, sti-
pites 2-4 inches long in my specimens, ceespitose slender
dark-purple glossy as well as the capillary rachises, fronds
2-4 inches long deltoideo-ovate tri-quadri-pinnate pure white
beneath with a powdery substance deciduous in age, primary
pinnae distant and as well as the secondary ones long ])e-
tiolate, the petioles (or branches) capillary patent not de-
flexed or divaricated, pinnules often ternate or quinate oval
or obovate scarcely 2 lines long sometimes lobed or subpin-
natifid, the margin reflexed, sori brown of few capsules sub-
marginal and linear. — Are. in Sillim. Journ. 1848. p. 82.
Cheilanthes, PL Amer. Sept. ii. p. 671 [not Don). Nutt. FL
of N. Am. n. p. 253. Gymnogramme, Nutt. hi Herb, nostr.
Nothoch. pulchella, Kze. in MohL and Schlecht. Bot. Zeit. i.
1843. 7>. i>:y?>^.

Hab. North America : banks of the Missouri, Pia-sh, Nutlall {in Herb, nostr.).
— I know of no other locality for this species than that just given, but I am
puzzled to find how it is to be satisfactorily distinguished from 3'. nivea.

12. N. Fendleri, Kze.; caudex 1-2 inches long as thick as
a man's finger ascending densely scaly at the summit with
copious ferruginous subulate scales, stipites tufted 1-2 inches
long purple-black as are the very zigzag slender capillary ra-
chises, fronds subcoriaceous 2 scarcely 3 inches long broad-
deltoid obtuse dark glaucous-green above, beneath pure
white and powdery 3-4-pinnate with dichotomous and sin-
gularly divaricating fragile capillary black branches (or se-
condary and tertiary rachises), pinnules scarcely 2 lines long
all petiolate except the terminal ones which are frequently
ternate and sessile obovate or oval once or twice lobed or
entire, the margin a little revolute but scarcely covering the
sori, which consist of few dark-brown capsules forming a

VOL. V. Q

114 NOTHOCHL.ENA.

subcontinuous line distant from the slightly crenated edge.
Kze. in Schk. Fit. Suppl. p. 87- t. 136 [excellent).

Hab. New Mexico, Fendler, n. 1017, a.— Kuiize has well represented this
pretty plant, which has no inconsiderable affinity with N. deaJbata, but the zig-
zag rachis and singularly divaricated branches and branchlets with much of the
intricate habit of Cheilanthes dichotoma, readily distinguish it. The pinnules
are not much unlike in general shape those of our alpine Meadow-rue, Thalictrum
alpinum.

13. l^.fragilis, Hook.; caudex?, stipites 2-4 inches long
slender filiform glabrous dark-purple as well as the rachises
both of which are fragile, fronds 1-2 inches long membrana-
ceous villous on both sides and at the margin with rather
long spreading white hairs deltoideo-bipinnate tripinnate be-
low, 'primary pinnse subopposite lowest pair petiolate un-
equally triangular, their secondary pinnae subsessile oblong-
ovate I of an inch or more long again pinnated, pinnules as
well as the superior secondary pinnae oblong 3-4 lines long
deeply pinnatifid with narrow linear inciso-dentate segments
which bear short naked interrupted sori of few capsules near
the slightly recurved margins. (Tab. CCLXXXVII. A.)

Hab. Fitzmaurice river, N. Australia, rare, F. Mueller. — This is a very pecu-
liar species, small and delicate, fragile in the stipes and rachises, with much-di-
vided villose fronds and very sparse short sori scarcely corresponding with any
Poll/podium, and yet the sori are not sufficiently contiguous or confluent to war-
rant its being decidedly a Nofkochlmia, neither is there an involucre so developed
as to justify its being placed in Cheilanthes. Its affinity seems to be with N.
kirsuta, Desv.

14. N. distans, Br. ; caudex scarcely creeping but rather
forming a short stout suberect ascending rhizome ferrugineo-
paleaceous, stipites tufted 1-3 inches long dark-brown sube-
beneous and as well as the rachises ferrugineo-paleaceous
with lanceolato-subulate erect scales, fronds 3-8-9 inches
long scarcely an inch broad subcoriaceous rigid long ferrugi-
nously hirsute above, beneath paleaceous with lanceolate
long hair-pointed scales especially on the costae and cos-
tules linear-oblong (nearly equal in width for the whole
length) obtuse bipinnate, primary pinnae petiolate ^-1 inch
long opposite or nearly so erecto-patent deltoideo-ovate those
of the lower half of the frond distant all pinnatifid at the
apex, pinnules few 2-3 pairs ovato-oblong obtuse lowest
ones pinnatifid at the base, the margins recurved and (before
maturity) subinvolucriform, sori continuous along the mar-
gin.— Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 146. Labill. iSert. Austr.

NOTHOCHL.ENA. 115

Caled. p. 5. /. 8. Kze. PL Preiss. ii. p. 110. Hook. fil. Fl.
Nov. Zeal. ii. p. 47. Hook. Ic. PL t. 980 {or Cent, of Ferns,
t. 80). Cheilanthes, Metten. CheiLp. 25 [excL var. profusa ?).

Hab. Australia; probably general throughout the country; Port Jackson,
Brown and others ; Logau River, Bathurst county, Fraser ; Port Stephens, Kin^ ;
Western Australia, Drummond ; subtropical N. Holland, /. Stuart, Mitchell; N.
Australia, Mueller. New Caledonia, Labillardiere. Isle of Pines, Milne. New
Zealand, northern island, Colenso, J. I). Hooker. — A species remarkable for its
narrow linear-oblong fronds, hairy above, paleaceous beneath, and the uniform
ramification.

15. N. (?) nud'mscula, Desv. ; "fronds pinnated pubescent
on both sides, pinnee pinnatifid, pinnules linear entire lowest
ones subincised, involucres extremely narrow (angustissimis)."
Desv. Mem. Soc. Linn. vi. p. 221. — Fteris, Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov.
Holl. p. 155. PellcEa?, Hook. Sp. Fil. supra, v. 2. p. 161.

llab. Tropical N. Holland, /Jro(r«. — Of this little-known plant I possess a solitary
named specimen from the late Captain Carraichael, which had been given him by
Mr. Brown ; but unfortunately it does not entirely tally with the published charac-
ter : so that I thought it better in an early volume of this publication to place
it in the P^em-group. under Pellcea, and mention its near affinity with our No-
thochlana pilosa {N. hirsuta, Desv.). More copious and more varied forms of
this latter I have since received, which rather tend to confirm my view of its
proximity to the latter species : nevertheless, this N. hirsuta i have never seen
from any part of Australia, common as it is in other countries. Brown's cha-
racter accords sufficiently well with the superior portions of the specimen from
Carmichael, but the lower portion is clearly tripinnate.

16. N. glabra, Brack.; "caudex?, stipes slender 6-10
inches long glabrous glossy dark-brown with a furrow in
front, fronds glabrous on both sides 3-6 inches long triangu-
lar-ovate bipinnate or even tripinnate, primary and secondary
divisions ovato-oblong and obtuse the ultimate divisions or
segments 2-3 lines long and 2 lines broad oblong irregularly
cut into obtuse lobes or crenatures, caj)sules in an advanced
state projecting beyond the margin of the segments." Brack.
FiL U. S. Expl. Exp. p. 21.

Hab. Fiji islands, Brackenridge. — My solitary specimen, for which I am in-
debted to the author, has no fructification upon it, and its general aspect is very
much like that of some forms of Cheilanthes tenuifolia.

17. N. semiglabra, Kze.; "frond subcoriaceous opaque
one-coloured elliptical or oblong obtusely acuminated nearly
glabrous above beneath on the costee and veins pale lineari-
paleaceous pinnato-pinnatitid or bipinnate, pinnae remote
short-petiolate patent obliquely ovato oblong obtuse the ul-
timate ones confluent, pinnules or segments from a cuneate

116 NOTHOCHL^NA.

or excised decurrent base ovate obtuse thinner at the margin
which is subreflexed and subrepand, sori broad continuous
blackish-brown, stipes short and as well as the primary
rachis on both sides and together with the secondary rachis
winged purplish beneath rufo-paleaceous, caudex short hori-
zontal fusco-paleaceous." Kze. in Schk. Fil. Suppl. ii. p. 59.
t. 124. /. 2. — " Cheilanthes Moluccana, BL En. Fil. Jav. p.
136 ? Ch. Javanica, Kze. Obs. in Fil. Zolling. in Bot. Zeit.
Vi.p. 211." Ch. hispidula, Metten. Cheil. p. 26. t. 3./. 12,
and Kze. Bot. Zeit. vi. p. 212. Mettenius also quotes Ch. te-
nuifolia, Kze. Fil. Zoll. n. 237, and J. Sm. Fil. Cum. n. 62.

Hab. Jdiva, Junghuhn, Zollinger. — If this be the n. 62 of Cuming, from Luzon,
as Mettenius considers it to be, I fear it is merely a trifling var. of Cheilanthes
tenuifolia : and the figures are not at variance with that well-known plant.

18. 'N. Mr silt a, Desv. ; caudex short creeping horizontal
or ascending clothed with close-placed imbricated subulate
ferruginous scales, stipites 2-6 inches long glabrous or hir-
sute or below paleaceo-hirsute, fronds firm-membranaceous
4-6-8 inches long 1^-2^ inches broad oblong or ovate more
or less copiously and variously hirsute often glandular with
tawny hairs tripinnate, lowest pair generally distant from
the next pair and always tripinnate, the rest pinnate with
pinnatifid segments, the segments and pinnules varying much
in size from 2-4 lines long and in shape oblong or oval
entire or subspathulate often again lobato-pinnatifid at their
base, the margin more or less revolute sometimes almost
cheilanthoid. — Desv. Journ. Bot. iii. j9. 93. Kaulfs. En. Fil.
p. 138. Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exp. p. 20. Cincinalis, Desv.
Cheilanthes, Metten. Cheil. p. 25. Pteris, Poir. Siv. Syn.
Fil. p. 104. Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 390. N. pilosa, Hook, and
Am. Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 74. Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exp.
p. 20. N. sulcata, Meyen. in Link, Hort. Berol. ii. p. 36/.
Kze. in Sc/ik. Fil. i. p. 6. t. 3.

Hab. East Indies, Sonnerat. Pacific: Coral Islands, Seec/iey ; Society Islands,
Cuming, n. 1402, Mathews, n. 23 ; and, also, Fiji Island, Ovalau, Erackenridge.
China, Vachell ; Whampoa, Hance, n. 148 (some of the specimens exactly re-
sembling Kunze's figure of TV. sulcata, 1. c.) : Hongkong, Wilford, Dr. Dill, C.
Wright (" N. sulcata"). — Like Cheilanthes tenuifolia, which this resembles in
much of its form and ramification, the present Kothochlmia is very variable.
Without having seen any authentic specimens of A'^. hirsuta, I am ready to con-
cede that this may be that species. Be that as it may, I fear that the A^. sulcata
is merely a broad pinnuled form of it, and even that N. densa may be a less com-
pound state, and that N. semiglabra may not be specifically distinct.

19. N . Eckloniana, Kze. ; caudex creeping often oblique

NOTHOCHL^.NA. 117

stout branched adpressedly paleaceous with ferruginous subu-
late scales, stipites clustered flexuose ebeneous black 4-6
inches long at first densely villoso-tomentose as well as the
rachis, fronds 4-6 inches (1 foot long in cultivation) 1-2-3
inches wide subcarnoso-coriaceous oblong obtuse canescently
pilose above at length glabrous-green beneath densely albido-
or ferrugineo-tomeutose, the tomentum mixed with membra-
naceous lanceolate appressed and imbricated scales of the
same colour generally produced on the rachis and costee bi-
below subtripinnate, primary pinnae subopposite ovate petio-
late lowest pairs distant and unequally triangular (the lowest
inferior secondary pinna being elongated), secondary ones
oblong obtuse deeply pinnatifid or again pinnate, segments
or ultimate pinnules ovate or suborbicular entire or the fer-
tile ones slightly crenulate and reflexed, sori forming a con-
tinuous line within the margin. — /vre. in Linncea, \. p. 501.
Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 45. Pappe and Rawson, Syu. Fil.
Cap. p. 42. Cheilanthes, Metten. Clieil. p. 22. Nothochlsena
Marantae, Kze. in Linncea, vi. p. 184.

Hab. S.Africa: mountain of Uitenhage, Kaffraria, Orange River and Grika-
land, Ecklnn and Zei/her, and various travellers, on mountain ranges, alt. 3000
feet ; Macalisiierg, Burke. — A handsome species, at first mistaken for N. Marantee,
but it is more compound and with the lowest pair of primary pinnae obliquely
triangular, having the outer lowest secondary pinna; longer than the rest. AVhere-
evcr the pinnules are entire in this species it can hardly be distinguished from
N. MarantcE.

20. N. Aschenhorniana, Kze. ; caudex; " short csespitose
clothed with very rigid appressed lanceolate acute scales la-
cerated and glanduloso-ciliate at the margins" [Liebin.], stipes
2^-5 inches long and as well as the rachis at first together
with the whole under side of the frond densely clothed with
lanceolate acuminated ciliated flexuose scales mixed with
glandular pubescence of the same colour, fronds 8 inches-1
foot long 2-2 5 inches broad subcoriaceous ublong shortly
acuminated bipinnate above slightly villous, primary pinnae
subopposite horizontally patent sessile from a broad base ob-
long gradually but bluntly acuminated, pinnules 2-3 lines long
oblong obtuse more or less deeply pinnatifid with rounded en-
tire segments, capsules black forming a marginal sorus buried
among the tomentum and scales. (Tab. CCLXXXVII. B.) —
Kze. in Linncea, xx. p. 417- Cheilanthes, Metten. Cheil. p. 21 .
Nothochlsena bipinnata, Liebm. Fil. Mex.p. 62. N. Galeottii,
Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 159.

118 NOTHOCHL^NA.

Hab. Mountains of Mexico, 5-8000 feet, '' Aschenhorn" Coulter, n. 1679, Lieb-
mann, Galeotti, n. 6565. — Very remarkable in the peculiar paleaceous scales
mixed witJi bright ferruginous tomentum and minute reddish apparently resinous
dots, with which the whole stipes, rachis, and under side of the frond are in-
vested.

21. N. Pohliana, Kze. Herb. ; caudex creeping paleaceous
with close-pressed subulate scales, stipites 2-4 inches long
ebony-black as well as the rachises (which are also pubescenti-
villous), fronds 3^-4 inches long firm-membranaceous above
villous with long silky tawny hairs especially at the margin,
beneath more densely clothed with the same tawny hairs
mixed with branched and stellated ones but scarcely tomen-
tose, from a broad base (H-2 inches wide) pyramidal-oblong
gradually but bluntly acuminated bipinnate, lower primary
pinnae opposite all sessile oblong obtuse from nearly 1 inch
long at the base with 7-9 pinnules gradually shortening to
the apex where the pinnse are small and only lobato-pinna-
tifid, pinnules scarcely more than 2 lines long ovate obtuse
sessile entire sublobato-pinnatifid, the margins slightly re-
curved but not concealing the sori which form a continuous
brown line just within the margin. (Tab. CCLXXXVI. B.)
— Cheilanthes, Metten. Cheil. p. 23.

Hab. Brazil, Pohl. Serra de Natividade, Gardner, n. 'dbbl,Pohl. — A most dis-
tinct and very peculiar species.

22. N. inaqualis, Kze. ; caudex short horizontal often
forming knots or bulbils from which the stipites originate
and which are also densely clothed with long narrow rufous
subulate soft scales, stipites clustered 3-5 inches long stout
intense ebeneous-black as well as the rachis, fronds coriace-
ous 3-5 inches long U-2 inches wide subtriangular-ovate acu-
minated subsericeo-pilose above densely rusty-tomentose be-
neath bipinnate below pinnate upwards, pinnatifid at the apex,
lowest primary pinnae obliquely triangular their lowest infe-
rior secondary pinnae being the longest and deeply pinnatifid
the rest of the primary ones are oblongo-lanceolate horizon-
tally patent deeply pinnatifid rarely again pinnate, pinnules
or segments oblongo-ovate obtuse entire, the margin scarcely
reflexed, sori near the margin concealed by the dense mass
of brown tomentum. — Kze. in Schk. Fil. Suppl. i. p. 146, t. 64.
/. 1. Cheilanthes, Metten. Cheil. p. 24.

Hab. Macalisberg, S. Africa, Burke. — ^Well distinguished from N. Eckloniana
and A^. Marantm by the stouter habit and the dense brown tomentum, not scaly,
under side of the frond.

XOTIIOCIIL^NA. 119

2.3. N. lanuginosn, Desv. ; caudex short thick ascending
clothed at the apex witii ferruginous subulate scales, whole
plant densely clothed with soft white or more generally fer-
ruginous wool less dense on the uj^per side and there not
concealing the green of the pinnules, stipites caespitose short
stout 1-2 inches long dark-purple when the tonientuin is re-
moved, fronds submembranaceous 5-9 inches long 1-1^ inch
broad elongato-lanceolate bi-tripinnate, primary pinnee J of
an inch long oblong, secondary ones rotundate and if again
divided they are ternate with close-placed orbicular pinnules,
the margins of the fertile pinnules narrowly reflexed and mi-
nutely crenated, sori forming a broad band just within the
margin. — Desv. Encycl. Suppl. iv.p. 1 10. Kaulf. Enuni. p. 1.39.
ll'ebb, Fl. Can. p. 455. N. vellea, Desv. Bi\ Prodr. p. 146.
Acrostichum, Aii. Hort. Keiv. ed. 2. iii, p. Ab^J. A. lanugi-
nosum, Desf. FL Alt. ii. p. 400. t. 256. Schk. Fil. t. 1. Sihth.
FL Grac. t. 965. N. Plukenetii, Fee, Gen. Fil N. lasio-
pteris, Mueller in Herb, nostr.

Hab. Spain and all the warm regions of the Mediterranean, Greece, etc. N.
Africa, Madeira, Teneriffe, Cape de Verd islands {Herb. Par.). Tropical Australia,
Brown. Upper Victoria river. Dr. F.Mueller, and also near Lake Torrens. — This
is another remarkable instance of a Spanish an<l Mediterranean Fern being like-
wise a native of Australia. The other is the Gynmogramme ruiafolia.

24. N. densa., J. Sm. (name only) ; caudex creeping and
bearing small scaly bulbs or tubers, stipites clustered 2-3
inches long ebony-purple pilose as well as the rachis, fronds
pilose most and ferruginously so beneath subcoriaceous 4-5
inches long 1^ inch wide broad lanceolate obtuse bipinuate tri-
pinnate at the base, primary pinnee scarcely 1 inch long sub-
opposite sessile triangular-ovate, secondary pinnae 3-4 lines
long oblong as are the ultimate pinnules of the lowest pair
of pinnae very obtuse entire at the margin, sori very broad
extending from the margin nearly to the costule. — Kze. in
Schk. FiL p. 149. t. 64. /. 2. Cheilanthes, Fee. Metten. CheiL

p. 24.

Ilab. Isle of Correeidor, Philippines, Cuming, w. 282. — Mettenius says of this,
" Lamina minus divisa, segmentis ])rimariis pinnatipartitis, infra donsius hirsuto-
villosis, petiolo hirsuto fortasse non satis ab S[)ecie N. hirsufa diversa." It may
be so, and I think he is likely to be correct.

25. N. mollis, Kze.; caudex creeping bearing tubers pro-
ducing fronds both of which are densely clothed with black
subulate scales ferruginous at the margins, stipites clustered

120 NOTHOCHL^NA.

2-3 inches long stout and as well as the rachis and all the rest
of the plant especially on the under side pannose with dense
stellated ash-coloured or ferruginous tomentum, fronds co-
riaceous 5-11 inches long scarcely 1-1^ inch broad lanceo-
late attenuated at the base bi-subtripinnate, primary pinnae
(greenish above) erecto-patent shortly petiolate |-1 inch long
narrow oblong, secondary ones scarcely 2 lines long sessile
oblong lobato-pinnatifid or again pinnated with 3-4 very mi-
nute orbicular pinnules, the margins subreflexed and bearing
the sori of few capsules just within it. — Kze. in Linncea, ix.
p. 54, and in Schk. Fil. Suppl. i. p. 115. t. 53./. 2. Gmj, Fl.
Chil.vi.p.496. Cheilanthes, Pr. Metten. Cheil. p. 29. No-
thochleena Doradilla, Colla, PL Chil. Ear. p. 46. t. 73.

Hab. Chili, Valparaiso, Coquimbo, Poeppig, Cuming, n. 80, Ph. Germain, Ber-
tero, Harvey. — A distinct and well-marked species, somewhat approaching A'^
lanuginosa in structure and ramification. When dry, the primary pinnae become
involute.

26. N. Marant(2, Br.; caudex a stout horizontal rhizome,
densely paleaceous with soft silky ferruginous finely pointed
subulate scales, stipites generally stout purplish-black 3-6
inches long aggregated setosely and densely hirsute as well
as the rachis, fronds 4-5-10 inches long 2-2^ inches wide
oblongo -lanceolate carnoso-coriaceousglabrousabove, beneath
densely clothed with ferruginous oblongo-lanceolate imbri-
cated scales bipinnate, primary pinnae petiolate or sessile
from a broadish obtuse base oblongo-acuminate, pinnules not
numerous approximate sessile 2-3 lines long very obtuse
entire, upper ones confluent at the base (as are the termi-
nal primary pinnae) the edge scarcely reflexed, sori form-
ing a broad border extending some way from the margin to-
wards the costule much concealed by the paleaceous cover-
ing.— Br. Prodr. Nov. HolL p. 146. Desv. Webb. Fl. Canar.
iii. p. 455. N. subcordata, Desv. Acrostichum Marantae,
Linn. Sp. PL p. 1527. Schk. FIL t. 4. Sw. Syn. FiL p. 14.
Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 122. Sibth. FL Gr. t. 964. Ceterach,
De Cand. Gymnogramme, Metten. A. Canariense, Willd.
Sp. PL v. p. 121.

Hah. S. of Europe, throughout the Mediterranean region. N. Africa and ad-
jacent islands of Madeira, Canaries, Azores, Cape de Verdes. Abyssinia, Schimper,
n. 742 and 995. N.W. India, Edgetvorth ; Kumaon, Sttachey and Winterbottom ;
Kumalari, /. Carter, Esq. : above Simla, Col. Bates ; eastward to Sikkim and
Bhotan, Griffith, Hooker fil. and Thomson, alt. 14,000-15,000 feet.— The uni-
formly entire margin to the pinnules distinguishes this from the Cape N. Ecklo-

MONOGUAMMK, § EUMONOGRAMM E. 121

niana. But one of my Eiiroiican speciineiis of :V. Marantce lias piniiatifid pin-
nules, which is a very near approach to N. Eckloniana.

27. N. jmmilio, Br.; "fronds pinnate glabrous, pinnae 3-7
oval subentire, the margin a little recurved." Br. Prodr. Nov.
Holl.p. 14G.

Hab. "Tropical New Holland, Sir Jos. Banks" — " Cheilanthi Pteridique affi-
nis," Br. — Unknown to me and I believe to other authors.

3. MONOGRAMME, Scllk.

(Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXXXIV. A. and B. Pleuro-
gramme, Pr. Diclidopteris, Brack. Vaginularia, Fee. Coch-
lidiuni, KJfs.)

Sort linear, much elongated, destitute of involucre, single
or geminate or forked, fronds sunk in a groove or cleft, thence
subinvolucrate, or superficial. — Fronds linear, simple or rarely
forked, costatc, ivith or without simple veins.

§ EuMONOGRAMME. — Frouds .Simple or forked, veinless. — Monogramme, Schk.,
Moore. Sp. 1-7.

1. M. (Eumonogramme) dareacarpa. Hook.; caudex slen-
der filiform creeping sparsely hispid with minute subulate
scales, fronds subflaccid numerous 8-12 lines long simple
filiformi-spathulate scarcely half a line wide in the broadest
portion submucronate at the oblique apex costate veinless,
sorus sunk in a deep linear cleft at one margin below the
a])ex extending to the costa which is there soriferous (and
verv much resembles the fructification of a Darcea). (Tah.
CCLXXXVIII. A.)

H;ib. Labuan, Borneo, on the trunks of trees, Barber. — Well marked by the pe-
culiar receptacle of the fructitication formed of a deep cleft near the apex of the
frond, extending quite to the costa, the other half forming as it were a wing or
carina to this short sheath-like receptacle, hence closely resembling in appearance
those Darea (in Asplenium) whose involucre has the same texture and colour as
the frond.

2. M. (Eumonogramme) furcata, Desv. ; caudex short
scarcely creeping densely fibrous, fronds tufted linear firm
subcoriaceous ij-H inch long simple or forked above the
middle obtuse strongly costate veinless, the soriferous apices
spathulate and concave, sori linear-oblong arising from the
costa not in any stage concealed by a du])licature of tlie
fronds. — Desv. Journ. Bot. i. p. 23. Pr. Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 84.
A. and B. [excluding the upper right-hand Jigure without a
number, which belongs to Monogrannne graminifolia). Corh-

VOL. V. U

122 MONOGRAMME, § EUMONOGRAMME.

lidiuin graminoides, Klfs. En. Fil. p. 86. Schott, Gen. Fil.
cum ic. {excellent). Pleurogramme, Fee, Gen. Fil. y. 101.
Grammitis, S:W. Syn. FiL p. 22. t. 1./. 5 {excellent). Asple-
nium, Sw. Fl. Lid. Occ. p. 1608. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 141.
Acrostichum, Sio. Prodr. Fl.Ind. Occ. p. 128.

Hab. Jamaica {Swartz and othej-s), Brazil {Langsdorff,fide Fee). St. Helena,
Menzies, in Herb, nostr. (possibly an error in the locality). — It is remarkable
that Fee places this in Pleurogramme, which he distinguishes by the presence of
veins.

3. M. (Eumonogramme) linearis, Klf. ; caudex filiform
elongated branched and densely tufted paleaceous with subu-
late falcate dark-brown scales, fronds copious subflaccid,
lineari-filiform 1-2 inches long simple slightly thickened in
the middle indistinctly costate veinless dilated towards the
apex and there for about 2-.3 lines in length conduplicate
soriferous in the axis, the sides forming a spurious invo-
lucre, sorus linear occupying the whole length of the dupli-
c^inxe.— Klfs. En. Fil. p. 196. Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 98. t. 9./. C.
Vittar. p. 33. Schott, Gen. Fil. cum ic. {excellent). M. gra-
minea, Schk. Fil. p. 82. Desv. Journ. Bot. '\. pp. 1. 22. t. 2.
/. 3 {very had).

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, and S. Africa, Cape of Good Hope, Miller.

4. M. (Eumonogramme) rostrata. Hook. ; caudex thick
as a crow's quill ascending subpaleaceous very fibrous-root-
ing, fronds copious tufted firm subcoriacous 4-6 inches long
less than a line wide linear acuminate long-tapering down-
wards into a slender terete stipes i-| of an inch long, costate
veinless ; sterile ones uniform in width ; fertile ones swollen
in the upper half terete long-rostrate at the apex (and there
sterile) at length opening with a longitudinal fissure (the lips
never patent) enclosing a linear sorus of the same length as
the fissure formed of very numerous capsules arising from the
costa. (Tab. CCLXXXVIII. B.)

Hab. Island on the Lake Omotepee, Nicaragua, C. Wright, in Ringgold and
Rodgers' U. S. N. Pacif. Expl. Exp. — This very distinct little Fern I owe to the
kindness of Mr. Eaton, who remarks, " I can assign no name to this unless it is
an overgrown form of Pleurogramme immersa, Fee ;" but the absence of veins,
setting aside other characters, would alone keep it apart from that : nor can I
find any of the Monogramme-gxo\i\> at all approaching it. The general form (on
a transverse section) of the soriferous receptacle is not unlike that of M. trichoi-
dea, but all else is very different.

5. M. (Eumonogramme) sulfalcata. Hook. ; caudex slen-
der filiform interlaced and densely fusco-tomentose, fronds

^:0^■()OtlAMMF,, § Er.MONOGUAMMK. 123

very much crowded Cccspitose l-lh inch long h a line MJde
in the broadest part linear-spathulate simi)le more or less
falcate firm suljcoriacco-niembranaceous bright green costate
veinless sorifcrous only in the spathulate apex there opening
%vitli a longitudinal cleft about A an inch long on one side
the eccentric costa in the same manner as is described under
M. Juny}u(hnu,t\\Q linear sorus occu])ving the sinus or axis of
the deep cleft. (Tab. CCLXXXIX.'A.)

Hal). Island of MalecoUe, New Hebrides, C.Moore. — Nearly allied to M.Jidkj-
hnhnii, but very (iistinct in its mncli smaller size, firmer texture, curved fronds
broader upwards and tlie short sori always at the apex. The free valve (if 1 may
so call it) which opens from the costa is of a paler colour than the frond, and in-
volucriform.

6. M. (Eumonogramme) trichoideu, J. Sm. ; caudex very
slender, filiform creeping hispid with very small subsetiform
scales, fronds .3-4 inches long densely tufted extremely slen-
der capillary scarcely thicker than human hair (subquadran-
gular when dry) flexuose flaccid costate ('.■') veinless; sterile ones
equally narrow throughout; fertile ones with 1-3 swollen
distant sheath-like soriferous receptacles 2-3 lines long open-
ing longitudinally and forming a deep semicircular cavity or
groove occupied by the sorus which thus appears to be at-
tached to the costa. — ./. Sm. in Hook. Bot. Journ. iii. ;>. 394
{iiame only). Vaginularia, Fee, Gen. Fit. p. 97. t. 9. B.

Hal). Luzon, Cuming, n. 160. — An extremely curious little Fern, but which, I
think, J. Smith has correctly referred to Monogramme. I am not aware that it
has been gathered by any one except Mr. Cuming.

7. M. (Eumonogramme) Junghuhnii, Hook, ; caudex slen-
der creeping tomentose much interlaced and tufted palea-
ceous on the upper side with lanceolato-subulate glossy iri-
descent sphagnose scales, fronds dense close-placed and
forming ctespitose masses flaccid 2-3 inches to a foot long
J to scarcely h a line wide linear-filiform for the whole length
simple costate ; when fertile opening at the costa with a
longitudinal cleft (on the left-hand side) thus forming a narrow
longitudinal false involucre bearing the sorus in the sinus or
axis leaving an elevated ridge formed by the costa and some-
what resembling a second false involucre, sori narrow linear
more or less elongated sometimes extending nearly the whole
length of the frond. (Tab. CCLXXXIX. B.) — Vaginularia,
Metten. Fit. Hort. Lips. p. 25. t. 27. /". 25-28 (showing, at fig.
28, a double pseudo-involucre). Pleurogramme (?) paradoxa,
Fee, I'ittar. J). 38. /. 4. /'. 1 (pseudo-involucre doid)le, " spo-

124 MONOGRAMME, § EUMONOGR AMM E.

ranges attaches au mesoneure "), Diclidopteris angustissima,
Brack. Ft/. U. S. Expl. Exped. p. 135 (the figures represent,
1, a double pseudo-involucre, one on each side the costa
opening next the costa and a vein on each side parallel with
the costa occupying the sinus or axis of the pseudo-involucre,
these veins each of them soriferous ; and, 2, a section with
a single sorus with a wmlateral involucre one lateral vein
wanting, but this shows no central costa). Monogramme
linearis, Junghuhn,,hi Herb. Kunze et Zollinger, n. 1890 [fide
Metten).

Hah. Isle of Ovalaii, N. Pacific, "Martens fan Mertens ?),Herb. de St. Petersb."
(Fee). Samoan and Fiji l%\anAf>, Brackenridge, Pfjwell, Milne. Sandwich Islands,
Dr. T. L. AndreivH, in Herb, nostr. {from Eaton). Society Islands, Bidwill.
Java, 77(0.5. Lobb, Jiinghnhn, Zollinger (Luzon, Cuming). Ceylon, Gardner, n.
1281. — This carious slender Fern is not wanting of illustration. Unknown to
each otlier, three different and very careful Pteridologists have described and
figured it under three different genera and with very dissimilar characters. Two
only have figured transverse sections of the soriferous portion. Of these three
the fig.ires of Brackenridge best accord with our own observations: only we have
not been able to detect the double line of sori in our specimens. Living speci-
mens are needed for ascertaining the structure in snch very minute Ferns, which
(io not revive after being dried, as Mosses and Ilepaticcedo -. nor are we sure that
the same species may not offer different modifications of sori.

§§ Pleurogramme. — Fronds simple or forked, with lateral simple veins. — Pleu-
rogramme, Pr., Fee, Hook. Geri. Fit. t. LXXII. A. Sp. 8-10.

8. M. (Pleurogramme) graminifoRa, Hook.; caudex
scarcely creeping but short rather thick erect or ascending
paleaceous at the summit with rather large imbricated obtuse
linear ferruginous scales densely fibrous-rooted below, fronds
numerous tufted subsessile 2-6-8 inches long I5-2 lines
wide firm-coriaceous straight or falcate in the upper half
simple or rarely forked linear attenuated at both extremities
costate, veins simple oblique not extending to the margin,
sori linear continuous costal or from the sides of the costa
occupying the upper half of the frond which is more or less
conduplicate (so that a transverse section nearly resembles
the letter V) in age patent or only concave. — Teenitis, Hook.
Exot. Fl. t. 77. Pleurogramme, Fee, Vittar. p. 37- Pleuro-
gramme linearis, Pr. Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 72. A., t. 75. A.,
and t. 84 [upper right-hand figure, without number, carelessly
introduced upon the plate of Monogramme furcata). Jilech-
nunj seminudum, Milld. Phytogr. p. 13. /. 8./. 2. [a v^ry good
representation). Grammitis, 11 Hid. Sp. PI. v. p. 140, and hence
Pleurogramme pumila, Pr. and Fee. Taenitis pumila, Klfs.,
Micropteris, Desv. may perhaps be referred here.

GYMXOGRAMME

5 V

llab. West Indies, frequent, and prol)ably tropical America "jenerally. Ciiiana,
Le Prinir. Brazil, Gardner, n. 105 and 5280. Guinea {JVilldenow ; but may
not this be an error for Guiana?). — Our tignres in Gen. V\\. very fairly represent
the ordinary state ; but it is very variable in the plane or concave or conduplicate
soriferous portion of the frond.

9. M. (Pleurogramnie) immersa, Hook.; "fronds linear
curved rather obtuse thick (si)issis), veins pinnated simj)le
not extending to the margin terminated by a l)hick ])oint,
sori very long continuous costal occupying the middle por-
tion and more of the frond, capsules originating on the costa
' cuticulam aperiejitibus et fissuram continuam longitudinalem
determinantibus,' the margins representing a ])ale-coloured
involucre, annulus with 10-11 joints, spores subrotund with
pressure subtrigonous." {Fee.) — Pleurogramme, Fee, V^itfur.
p. 37. t. 4./'. 5. Monogramme linearifolia, Desv. Journ. Bot.
i.p. 22. /. 2./. 2.

Ilab. French Guiana, Le Prieur, n. 126. Venezuela, Fendler, n. 353 ? Cuba .',
C. JVright. — I have no authentic specimens of this plant. Those from Fendler
and Wright (I don't find either of them noticed in Eaton's Fil. M'right. and Fendl.)
sufficiently accord with the figures of the natural size above quoted, but scarcely
so with Fee's magnified representation ; and they are too much like our preceding
species. Indeed I suspect Foe's specimens from Le Prieur (the authority for the
species recorded by Fee) are the same as those of Le Prieur in my herbarium, and
which I have referred to 3f. graviinifolia.

10. M, (Pleurogramme) myrtiU{foJia, Fee; " caudex sur-
culiform creeping clothed with lanceolate entire scales, fronds
obovate thick entire glabrous attenuated into a short petiole,
veins pinnated indistuict forked slender not extending to the
margin, costa internal, sori abbreviated subapicular and in a
depressed portion of the frond, sporangia ovate, annulus 10-
12-articulate, spores thick rotund." Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 101. t.
10. C. Vittar,p. 58.

Hab. Mexico.' (/^ee).— Quite unknown to nie. Fronds 7-8 lines long, exactly
spathulate.

4. Gymnogramme, Desv.

Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. 1LX.X.V\\. {including Grammitis,
Sw.) Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXXII. B. ff. 3-7 {e.vrl.
ff. 1-3, which are Polypodium furcatum). Stegnogramme, HI.
Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. CXX. B. Hecistopteris, J. ^'m.
Pterozonium, Trismeria, Coniogramme, Pleurosorus, Fee.
Leptogranmie, J. Sm. Loxogramme, Pr. Syngramme, J.
Sm. ScUiguea, 7io?7/. Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXXIV. A.

126 GYMNOGUAMME, § KUG YM XOGRAMME.

Anogramme, Fee. Eriosorus, Fee [in part). Dictyogramme,
Pr. Jamesonia, Fee and others [in jjai't).

Sori ol)long or linear, generally linear and very much elon-
gated, copious, simple or forked or variously anastomosing
arising from the veins or from the cellular portion of the frond.
• — Ferns of very varied forms and habit, with veins simjile or
forked or anastomosing.

The iiulividuals often present so many intermediate passages that it appears
more simple for practical purposes to include all the following under one genus
rather than brealc it up into numerous genera, regarding the value of which no
two systematic authors are agreed. Respecting those two on which the opinions
of botanists are the most united, Grammitis (" capsulae venis frondis furcatis in-
sidentes ") and Gymnogramme (" sori ohlongi vel suhlineares, recti costfe paralleli,
V. ohliqui venulis insidentes"),the characters present no valid distinctions whatever.
Presl indeed places them in two separate sections : so different are the views of
different botanists on these subgenera. Moore places them in one and the same sec-
tion, and distinguishes Gymnoijramme by " sori linear forked distinct," and Gram-
mitis by " sori linear oblong simple." I prefer the name Gymnogramm.e (to Gram-
mitis) as more characteristic, and that which already includes the greatest number
of species. It has been already shown that several Polypodia, as now- considered,
have been formerly ranked under Grammitis. There is a gradual passage be-
tween rounded and oblong sori.

§ 1. EuGYMNOGRAMME. — Veins free. Sp. 1-42.
* Fronds simple. Sp. 1-3.

1, G. (Eugymnogramme) reniformis, Mart.; caudex short
thick subtuherous j^aleaceous above with subulate ferrugin-
ous scales, stipites tufted 3-6 inches long ebeneous, fronds
\\ inch long rather more broad coriaceous reniformi-rotun-
date subcrenate, veins approximate flabellately dichotomous,
sori simple linear parallel confluent forming a broad belt
or zone some distance from the margin on the disk of the
honQ\.—Mart. Ic. PL Crypt. Braz. p. 88. t. 26. Hook. 2d
Cent, of Ferns, t. 9. Pterozonium, Fee, Gen. Fit. p. 178. t. 16.
A. Moore.

Hab. Dense woods, Brazil, Mount Cnpati, near the river Japura, Martins. Near
Tarrapota, eastern Peru, on Mount Guayrapurimai Spruce, 1856, very rare. — If
every different form of Gymnogramme is to constitute a genus, of course there will
be as many genera as species.

2. G. (Eugymnogramme) pumila, Spr. ; caudex filiform
creeping, fronds densely tufted 1^-2 inches long sparingly
setaceo-paleaceous at the base, sessile membranaceous nar-
row flabelliformi-cuneate much attenuated below palmately
and irregularly inciso-dichotomous at the apex, veins flabel-
lato-dichotomous disappearing below the apex, sori linear
elongated not mifrequently (as are the veins) forked at length

127

more or less confluent. — '' Spreuf/. Tent. Suppl.nd Sijst. Vcf/.
p. 31." Kze. Aiinlecta Pterid. p. II. t. 8. / 1. Hook. 2d
Cent, of Ferns, t.S. Moore. liecistopteris pumWa, J. Sm. in
Lond. Joiirn. Bot. i. 193. Fee, Gen. Fit. p. 179. t. 16. B.

Hal). Tropical America, in moist woods: Guiana, Weigelt. Le Prieur ; Para,
Brazil, Spruce, n. 5758. Isle of Coyba, Veraguas, Seemann. Trinidad, Lockhart.
Jamaica, March.

3. G. (Eugyninogramme) marginata, Metten. ; " caudex
creeping abbreviated and as well as the base of the stii)ites
hairy with fusco-ferriiginous setie, stipes 1 inch long as well
as the rachis plane above seniiterete purplish glossy, fronds
8-16 inches long f-ly inch broad lanceolate long attenuate
acuminate slightly attenuated and obtuse at the apex undi-
vided, the margin callose-brown undulato-sinuate two-thirds
of the superior part soriferous, veins manifest densely or
laxly arranged generally repetito-furcate somewhat as in
Neuropteris (sub Neuropteridis), the branches attaining the
callose margin free at the apex all soriferous, sori linear con-
tinuous rarely interrupted extending from the margin to the
lowest forking of the veins, pedicels of the capsules accom-
panied by articulated paraphysiform bodies (excrescentiis pa-
raphysiformibus) twice or thrice equalling or exceeding the
capsules, at length brown." Metten. in Annul. Sc. Nat. 4i/i
ser. V. 15. p. 59.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard. — Quite unknown to me.

** Fronds pedate, pinnate or bi-tripinnate, destitute of pulverulent substance
beneath. Sp. 4-42.

4. G. (Eugymnogramme) Schomburgkiana, Kze. ; caudex
short creeping, stipites numerous tufted purple-black glossy
3-4 inches to a span long flexuose fragile, fronds firm subco-
riaceo-membranaceous sparsely hairy above, more villous and
sometimes setose with long hairs beneath, 2^-4-5 inches
long I of an inch broad from a rather broad subtruncated
base oblong gradually acuminated but obtuse bipinnate be-
low pinnato-pinnatifid above, primary pinn;e ovato-oblong ob-
ovato-cuneate sessile 2-3-lobed with the lobes entire or bifid,
lobes f)f the superior pinnae rounded or obovate obtusely
sinuato-dentate, veins more or less forked, sori short oblong,
capsules lax. — Are. and Kl. in Linncea, x\.p.40S. Hook. Ic.
PL t. 992 [or Cent, of Ferns, t. 92). Anogramme, Fee.

llah. British Guiana, Richard Schomburf/k. — This is somewhat intermediate be-
tween U. ononis and the I'lMuvian (i. niohriafonnis, Metten.

128 GYMNOGRAMME, § EUG YM XOGRAMME.

5. G. (Eugymnogramme) 0//oww, Kl. ; " caudex subrepent
setoso-paleaceous, stipites 5—7 inches long castaneous, fronds
5-8 inches long scarcely an inch wide linear acuminate sub-
coriaceous on both sides sparingly articulato-pilose, primary
pinnae rather distant subsecund when dry ^-1 inch long 2-4
lines wide, pinnules |-1^ line broad suborbiculato-flabellate
shortly petioled, the margin I'emotely inciso-crenate, sori on
the forked veins, partial rachises subpilose." Kl. in Linncea,
XX. JO. 408.

Hah. Venezuela, mountain regions in arid places, C. Otto, n. 630. — I possess
only one incomplete authentic specimen of this prett\' Fern, which is perhaps too
nearly allied to G. Schomhurgkiana, chiefly distincuished by the narrower more
elongated more rigid and more glabrous fronds and more entire pinnules.

6. G. (Eugymnogramme) mohrioeformis, Metten. ; caudex
creeping, stipites purplish-black tufted numerous 3-4 inches
long glossy slender flexuose near the base hispid with reddish
and here and there glandular hairs, fronds 2^ inches long
from a broad truncated base 1 inch wide subpyramidal ob-
long obtuse firm-membranaceous and as well as the blackish
rachis, hispid with reddish hairs subbipinnate pinnate l)elow,
inferior primary pinnee opposite all horizontal, pinnules or
segments or lol)es 1-2^ lines long cuneato-subrotund inciso-
crenate, veins twice or thrice forked, sori oblong small on
the veins of the disk of the segments. — Kze. in Metten. Fit.
Lechl. p. 9.

Hab. St. Gavan, Peru, Lecfiler. Mettenius also quotes " Mathews, Peruvian
Plants, n. 23," which I do not find in my herbarium. — This is of the same group
as G. Ottonis and G. Schomhurgkiana, but it has a much stouter caudex, the frond
is very ditt'erent in shape and less decidedly bipinnate. It is well nained G.
mohriceformis. Mettenius well observes that Mathews, n. 1814 (our G. Mathev;sii),
from Peru, corresponds with this ; but my very perfect specimens seem quite
different both in habit and character.

7. G. (Eugymnogramme) Mathewsii, Hook. ; caudex (on a
young specimen) subrepent, stipites tufted (of my perfect
specimen) 5 inches long stout thick as a crow's quill purple-
l)lack ebeneousand as well as the stout rachis glanduloso-vil-
lous with ferruginous crisped spreading hairs, fronds subco-
riaceous 14 inches long (the apex not fully developed and
very hairy) glanduloso-villous on both sides paler beneath
broad-lanceolate bipinnate, primary pinnae in nearly opposite
patent (or below reflexed) distant pairs (especially the lowest
ones) 2\ inches long in the middle sessile from a broad base
1 inch wide gradually tapering to an obtuse apex hence sub-

GYMNOGRAMME, § EUGYM NOGRAM ME, 129

pyramidal, pinn£E sessile adnate oval-oblong lobato-piiinatifid
and subdeiitate, veins forked, sori oblong and forked. (Tab.
CCXC.)

Hab. Peru, Mathews, n. 1814. — As I have already observed, this appears to
me very distinct from G. mohriaformis, of which my authentic specimens arc
very perfect. This is a mucli larger and sto\iter and truly bipinnate species, with
very distant primary pinna?, eacli one of which well represents an entire frond of
G. mohricpformis in size and form. Here the frond itself is attenuated from below
the middle.

8. G. (Eugymnograinme)m?'c7'o/>//y//«, Hook.; caudicesvery
slender filiform sul)repent and intertwined so as to form a
collection of tufted wiry fibres, stipites copious slender fili-
form very fragile dark-purple ebeneous glossy 2-4 inches
long, fronds membranaceous subdiaphanous \\-2h inches
long glabrous triangulari-ovate 3-pinnate (or piimate and 2-3-
pinnatifid), lowest primary pinnee half-ovate the rest oblong,
ultimate pinnules (or segments) oval-lanceolate entire acute
decurrentupon the rachises which thus become winged, veins
dichotomous one in each pinnule or segment oblong not
forked, veinlets terminating below the apex. — Hook. Ic. PL
t. 1916 [or Cent, of Ferns, t. 16).

Hab. On trees, Surureen and Sanahola, Khasya, Griffith. — A graceful little
Fern, of which the delicate wiry caudicesonly seem to be perennial, for they form
very dense tufts full of the bases of former years' stipites. In other respects
somewhat allied to G. leptophijlla.

9. G. (Eugymnogramme)^e.r?^o.s«, Desv. ; caudex creeping
firmly rooting with coarse wiry fil)res, stipites a span to 1 h
foot long purplish-black glossy flexuose, fronds tirm-mem-
branaceous 3-4 feet long having all the rachises singularly
geniculato-flexuose or zigzag with a somewhat oblong but
not easily-defined outline 3-4-pinnate sparingly pilose, pri-
mary pinnse 4-5 inches long more or less refracted, pinnules
dichotomo-flabelliform, segments more or less elongated li-
near or oblong obtuse entire or forked or emarginate, their
base decurrent forming a wing to the ultimate rachises, veins
forked following the course of the divisions of the segments,
sori elongato-oblong often forked as the veins. — Desv. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. j). 215. Grammitis flexuosa, H. B. K.
Nov. Gen. Am.* i. p. 4 {/ol. ed.), description very incomplete.
Gymnogramme retrofracta, Grev. and Hook, in Bot. Misc. iii.

* It is remarkable that Desvaux and Humboldt and Kuntb refer to a descrip-
tion of this plant in the PI. Equinox, ii. p. 167. t. 158, where it is certain no
such thing is to be found.

VOL. V. S

130 GYMNOGRAMME, § EUGYMNOGRAMME.

p. 385. /. 112 {where for Cryptogramme read Gymnogramme).
G. refracta, Kze. and Kl. in Linndsa, v. 20. p. 410.

Hah. Tropical America : Venezuela, Humboldt and Bonpland.Purdie ; Sierra
Nevada, alt. 7000 feet, ScMim, n. 367, 845, Linden, n. 520, Moritz, n. 359, Fend-
ler, n. 300 ; Nicaragua, C. Wright ; Ecuador, woods near Cuenca, alt. 8-10,000
feet, growing on the ground; ?e\u, Mathews, n. \\\2 and \'62Q, Seem ami, n.
961, Lechler, n. 2247. — An extremely well marked and interesting species, better
known by the name G. retrofraeta than by the much older one oi flexuosa, in
consequence of the incomplete description of the latter, without any allusion to
its affinities.

10. G. (Eugymnogramme) ferrug'inea, Kze. ; caudex short
erect or ascending ferrugineo-lanose, stipites tufted 6 inches
to 1 foot long and (as well as the rachis and the entire frond
beneath) densely ferrugineo-lanose ebony-black on the re-
moval of the wool, fronds coriaceous glabrous above except
on the costse 12-14 inches long 3-4 inches wide oblong acu-
minate pinnate, pinnae spreading approximate 2-4^ inches
long \-\ inch wide from a broad sessile base oblong gra-
dually acuminated but obtuse at the apex pinnatihd nearly
to the rachis almost quite so in some of the lowest pinnae
where that portion of the frond is bipinnate, segments ho-
rizontal broad or narrow-oblong obtuse or acute entire or
dentato-crenate, veins erecto-patent generally once or twice
forked bearing the rather lax narrow lines of sori which are
simple or forked on the veins. — Kze. in Linntea, ix. p. 34.
Eriosorus Ruizianus, Fee, Gen. FiL p. 152. 1. 13./. 2. — Var. /3,
lanata ; subbipinnate less woolly beneath, segments or pin-
nules broader subsinuato-pinnatifid, sori chiefly confined to
the branches of the veins. Gymnogram.me lanata, Kl. in
Braun, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1854.^.17. Metten. Fil. llort.
Lips. p. 12.

Hab. Hot dry banks, Peru, Pw.ppig, in Herh. nostr., Matheivs, n. 1847 ; Veragua,
Seemann, n. 1 125. Var. j8, Veragua (Klotzsch) .—Kimze well defines this as " Filix
speciosissima." In one of my specimens the caudex and base of the stipites are
very sericeo-lanose.

11. G. (Eugymnogramme) aureo-nitens, Hook.; caudex?,
stipites?, fronds 12-16 inches and more long coriaceous, the
rachis stout flexuose scandent elongato-oblong bipinnate
everywhere densely sericeo-tomentose aureo-fulvous beneath,
primary pinnae very distant between 2-3 inches apart alternate
4-6 inches and more long (including the stout petiole often an
inch long) deltoideo-oblong gradually but very bluntly acumi-
nated, pinnules horizontal approximate deltoideo-oblong very
obtuse |-1 \ inch long sessile piimatifid deeply so at their base,

GYMXOGRAMME, § EUG YMXOGRAMME. 131

uppermost pinnules short confluent rounded, veins pinnated
in the pinnules and lobes, veinlets simple or forked, sori
elongated simple or forked concealed by the dense sericeous
covering, rachises and petioles intensely ebeneous-black when
the silky clothing is removed. — Hook. Ic. PI. ix. t. 820. Erio-
sorus scandens, Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 132. t. 13./'. 1.

Hab. Peru, Ruiz (Fee) ; Veto, JFm. Lobb ; Ecuador, Pichincha, Jamexnn (old
and entirely denuded of its ferruginous silky covering). — A most remarkahle spe-
cies, yet evidently allied to G.ferrur/inea; but that is not scandent and is never
truly bipinnated as this, and has very differently shaped and sessile pinn;c.

12. G. (Eugymnogramme) cordata, Schlecht. ; caudex a
small erect subglobose rhizome paleaceous above, stipites
tufted 1-2 inches long and as well as the rachis deciduously
scaly intenselv ebony-black, fronds 3-4 inches to a span
long erect or flexuose subcoriaceous bright green above and
naked or nearly so beneath densely clothed with ovato-acu-
minate subciliato-dentate reticulated imbricated ferruginous
scales, pinnae h-\\ inch long oblong more or less cordate at
the base and more or less deeply lobato-pinnatifid not unfre-
quently again pinnated rarely subauriculate, veins forked cla-
vate at the apex, sori oblong. — Schlecht. Adumbr. p. 1 6. Hook,
and Grev. Ic. Fit. t. 156. Grammitis, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 23
and 217. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 142. Hook. 2d Cent, of Ferns,
t. 7 {subbipinnate, var.). Acrostichum cordatum, Th. Ft. Cap.
p. 732. Ceterach Capensis, Kze. Anulect. Fterld. p. 13. t. 8.
Fee, Gen. Fil. t. 30./. .3 and 4. Gymnogr. Namaquensis, Pappe
and Raivson, Gen. Fil. Cup. p. Ad. Ceterach crenata, Kaulf.

Hab. S. Africa: throughout the Cape Colony, plentiful, and eastward to Uiten-
liage; mountains, iMacalisberg, Ecklon and Hurke. St. Helena, alt. 24 00 feet,
Dr. Alexander, R.N. , Lieut. Haurjhton (chiefly the bipinnate state). — A variable
species certainly, yet easily recognized.

13. G. (Eugymnogramme) />e(/«/a, Klfs. ; caudex creeping
paleaceous at the apex with lanceolate scales rooting with
long descending tomentose pinnated fibres, stipites distant
2 inches to 1 foot long red-brown glabrous, fronds 2-4 inches
long firm subcoriaceo-membranaceous villous above pubes-
centi-tomentose beneath cordate quinato-pedate, primary
divisions deeply pinnatifid with subtriangular or oblong seg-
ments, veins pinnated and several times dichotomous, vein-
lets copious soriferous near the margin, sori forming a broad
subcontluent band nearer the margin than the costa. — Kaulf.
En. Fil. p. G'J. Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 42. llemionitis,

132 GYMNOGRAMME, § E UG YMNOGRAMME.

Siv. Syn. Fil. p. 20. t. 209. t. If. 3. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 129.
Neurogramme, Lk.

Hah. Mexico, Andrieux, Liebniann ; Sierra Madre, West Mexico, Ssemann, n.
1987 ; Guatemala, Skinner. — A specimen I possess from Dr. Meissner, gathered
by Dr. Miiller at Orizaba, resembles this in every respect except that the venation
anastomoses, there being exactly the same differences as between Pelleea geranii-
folia and Pteris (Litohrochia) pedafa among the Pteridea, and between Gym-
nogramme Javanica, Blurae, and G. (Dictyoyramme) Japonica among Grammi'
tidecE, to which latter section (Bic/yogramme) 1 therefore refer the Orizaba
plant.

14. G. (Eugymnogramme) decipiens, Metten.; caudex
creeping underground, stipites approximate terete 6-10 inches
long subhispid at the base purplish-black as well as the rachis,
fronds firm-membranaceous 6-8 inches long 2-2| inches
broad oblong acuminate pinnated rarely subbipinnate below,
pinnee 1-H inch long suberecto-patent subtrapezoideo-oblong
obtuse obliquely cuneate and petiolate at the base subauricu-
late and truncated at the superior base inciso-pinnatifid. lobes
acute entire or bifid, costa excentric veniform, veins forked,
sori linear-oblong one or two on each lobe, capsules mixed
with hairs. (Tab. CCXCI.) — Metten. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4.
XV. p. 60.

Hab. Aneiteum, New Hebrides, C. Moore, Milne, and M'Gillivray, in woods,
abundant. New Ireland, VieiUard. — A very remarkable Gymnogramme, unlike
any other species known to me, but, according to Mettenius, allied to liis G. mar-
ginata (with simple fronds, see Sp. n. 3) " in the glabrous fronds and the numerous
paraphyses mixed with the capsules."

15. G. (Eugymnogramme) as/:'/e?2?oi(/e.9, Klfs. ; caudex very
stout in old plants erect or ascending clothed with the re-
mains of former years' stipites, stipites terminal tufted 1-2
inches to a span or more long sparsely paleaceous hirsuto-
puljescent as is more or less the whole plant, fronds 3 inches
to 1 foot long 1-4 inches broad lanceolate acuminate atte-
nuate at the base pinnate deeply pinnatifid at the extremity
except at the apex which is entire, pinnre 1-2 inches long
patent sessile from a nearly truncated broad base subauricled
above and below linear-oblong acuminate entire at the base,
the rest coarsely serrato-pinnatifid, veins pinnated, veinlets
soriferous near their apices, sori short oblong of few lax cap-
sules.— G. asplenioides, Sw. in Stock/i. Handl. 1817- p. 56.
t. 3.f. 4. Grammitis, P7\ Leptogramme, J. Sm. Phego-
pteris, Metten. Fit. Hoi't. Lips. p. 82. Gymnogramme aspi-
dioides, Kaulf. (not Hook.) En. Fil. p. 81. Ceterach, Willd.
Sp. PL v.p. 137. Raddi, Fil. Bra;:. t.d\.f. 1. Leptogramme,

GYMNOGRAMME, § E U G YMN OGRAM ME. 133

Kh Phegopteris, Mettm. FIL Hort. Lips. p. 82. t. \7-ff- 1-4.
Metten. Phegopt. p. 16.

Hab. S. America: Brazil, frequent, New Granada, Otto, w. .'J2G, Moritz, Ji. 35,
Birschil; Venezuela, Fendler, n. 17C. 3UG, ;5(J0 ; Veraguas, Seemann, n. 1555;
Tara|)()ta, eastern Peru, Spruce, n. .'59(54. — Tliore can be no question but tliat G.
a-oplenioides and G. asjjidioides are one anci tlie same species, and very uniform in
structure.

IG. G. (Eugymnogramme) htsej-jjilUfo/ia, Kze. ; caudex
creeping paleaceous with black sul)ulate scales, stipites dark-
purple glossy deciduously pilose a span and more long,
fronds 6-10 inches or a foot or more long 4—8 inches wide
firm-mernbranaceous broad-ovate or subtriangular-ovate acu-
minate tripinnate more or less villous on both sides and often
on the rachis, primary pinnae often very distant, the lowest
pair having the lowest inferior secondary pinnce longer than
the rest, piinmles 3-4 lines long broad cuneato-flabelliform
and fiabellato-pinnatifid, the segments short obtuse entire or
en^.arginate, secondary and ultimate rachises winged, veins
dichotomous, sori oblong often forked following the course
of the veins yellowish. — Kze. in Bot. Zeit. \\\. p. 28.5. G. pi-
losa, Kl. G. glandulosa, Karst. Fl. Columb. i. p. 196. t. 97.

Hab. Columbia, Tovar, Moritz, n. 95, Crnger, Birschill, Fendler, n. 301 and
359 (very villous with long soft spreading bracts, and pinnules larger and less
divided than usual); Caraccas, Linden, n. 73 (tliis is a foot long, yet wants the
upper portion and the base of the frond, and the primary pinna; are wide apart,
giving the appearance of a climbing plant). — A very haTidsome species, which
Kunze compares with G. leptopliylla and his G. papaveracea, but the perennial
caudex, stout ebeneous stipes, and the size and hairiness of the fronds amply dis-
tinguish it.

17. G. (Eugymnogramme) hi.yjidii/a, Kl. ; caudex creep-
ing the apex paleaceous with black setaceous scales, stipites
6 inches long flexuose black-purple but not glossy sparingly
paleaceo-setose, fronds subcoriaceous hispido-setose (as well
as the dark purple rachis) 4-5 inches long scarcely an inch
wide oblongo -lanceolate not contracted at the base l)ipinnate
pinnated at the extremity, primary pinuce h-'i of an inch
long, pinnules 7-9 on a secondary rachis rotundato-flabel-
late tapering at the base sessile entire except the lowest and
the terminal one which are 2-3-lobed the upper side convex
the margins much recurved, upper pinnre oblong entire or
2-3-lobed, veins flabtllate, sori ol)long subconfluent chieflv
occupying the veins in the disk of the ])innules. — A7. in Lin-
ticea, XX. p. 407. Jamesonia, Kze. in Bot. Zeit. ii. p. 739, and
in Schk. FIL Siippl.lp. 19G. t. 82./. 2.

134 GYMNOGRAMME, § EUGYMNOGRAMME.

Hab. Columbia, Merida, Moritz, n. 96. — This has even more the aspect of
Jamesonia than the G. elongata, which Fee also refers to that genus, but it is a
true Gymnoyramme.

18. G. (Eugymnogramme) i«ma, Mart, and Lind. ; caudex
creeping paleaceous with blackish subulate scales, stipites
5-6 inches long ebeneous-black glossy as well as the rachis
which is copiously hispid, fronds 4-6 inches long 1-2^ inches
wide firm membranaceous scarcely coriaceous sparingly pilose
on both sides oblongo-lanceolate pinnated, pinnse approximate
subopposite sessile horizontally patent from a slightly broader
base oblong obtuse rather deeply pinnatifid, segments sub-
obovate or broad cuneate very obtuse entire or subincised at
the apex, lowest ones a little larger and subauriculiform, ul-
timate pinnae very small and confluent entire or emarginate,
veins forked, sori short of few capsules short-oblong. — Mart,
and Lind. Kze.in Schk. Fil. Suppl. '\\.p. 78. /. 1.32.

Hab. Maraginta, Kew Granada, alt. 8000 feet, Linden, n. 1044, in Herh.nostr.

19. G. (Eugymnogramme) myriopJiylJa, Sw. ; caudex?,
whole plant piloso-glandulose, stipites a span and more long
and as well as the rachis bright red-brown glossy, fronds
1-1 i foot long 2-6 inches wide oblongo-lanceolate acuminate
bi-subtripinnate, primary pinnae patent petiolate 2-3 inches
long oblongo-lanceolate, secondary ones \ an inch long 1^-2
lines wide sessile oblong obtuse deeply pinnatifid (scarcely
again pinnate), segments very small pinnatifid with 5-9 deep
teeth or segments which are entire or the lower ones bifid,
veins forked corresponding with the divisions of the pinnules,
sori copious oblong. — Siv. in Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. 1817.
G. spectabilis, Kl. in Herb. Hook.

Hab. Brazil, Freyreis (Sw.J, Sellow (from Klotzsch), Gardner, n. 102 and 5922.
— This is a species of peculiar aspect. I have seen no authentic specimen of
Swartz's G. myriophyllum from Brazil ; but my specimens from Sellow and Gard-
ner I have reason to believe are the same plant.

20. G. (Eugymnogramme) flabellata, Hook. ; caudex ?
(probably as in G. cheilanthoides and elongata), stipites 3-4
inches long purple-ebeneous glossy, fronds firm-niembrana-
ceous finely hirsute (as well as the dark-purple and espe-
cially the young apices of the frond) 14-2 inches wide
elongate oblongo-lanceolate acuminate attenuated at the base
throughout bipinnate, primary pinnee 1-2 inches long erecto-
patent petioled oblongo-acuminate, secondary pinnae (or pin-
nules) 3-4 lines long cordato-flabelliform decurrent upon a

GYMNOGRAMME, § EUGYMNOGRAMME. 135

win2;ecl petiole 5-7-lobed, lobes cuneate forked or entire
ultimate divisions obtuse, veins flabellato-dicbotonious, sori
linear-oblong occuj)ying the forked veins of the pinnules
yellowish.— //oo^. in Journ. of BoL 1834. i. p. 61. t. 120.
G. Ruiziana, A7. in Linncea, xx. p. 410 ?

Hah. Ecuador, Siirruciicho, near Cuenca, alt, 9000 feet, on the ground amongst
berljage, Jameson. — A. most elegant plant, and to all appearance very distinct
from Cr. elongata, as may he seen from the respective fignres, and onr specimens
of the two are exceedingly constant in their characters, ])resenting no interme-
diate form ; yet it is possil)le, as we snspect it to he with G. rnfa and G. tomen-
tosa, the simply-pinnated elongata may, under certain circumstances, become
compoundly pinnated. G.fahellnta, however, I have never seen except from Dr.
Jameson. Under his G. Ruiziana. Klotzsch quotes this with a mark of doubt ; but
instead of having the " pinnas primariae refractaj," they are here erecto-patent.

21. G. (Eugymnogramme) elongata, Hook. ; caudex creep-
ing, the apex setaceo-paleaceous the rest densely radicant
with long slightly-branched wiry rigid fibres, stipites nu-
merous ])ut not closely aggregated 3-4 inches long slender
fragile black-ebeneous glossy, fronds subcoriaceo-membrana-
ceous 6-14 inches long ^ an inch wide linear-elongate seri-
ceo-hirsute (as well as the dark-purple rachis and especially
the undeveloped apex) pinnated, pinnae copious distinctly
petiolate cordato-ovate very obtuse with reflexed margins
deeply pinnatifid with 5-7 short broad obtuse lobes, the
lowest pair broad cuneate obtusely bi-trifid the rest rounded
entire, veins simple or forked, sori oblong close to the cos-
tule or primary vein. — Hook, in Journ. of Bot. 1834. \. p.G\.
t. 119. G. cheilanthoides, Metten. in Fil. Lechler. p. 10 [not
Grammitis cheil., Sw. and Hook, and Grev.) Jamesonia, Fee,
Gen. Fil. p. 101.

Hab. Ecuador, at Surrncucho, near Cuenca, alt. 9000 feet, Jameson; Loxa,
Seemann, n. 957. Peru, Andinarca, Mathews, n. 1091 ; near Agapata, Lechler,
PI. Peruv. n. 2036. — ^This is surely distinct from our G. cheilantboules, from
Mauritius and Tristan d'Acuidia, though Alettenius seems to consider it the same.
It has some claim to l)e ranked with Jamesonia, where Fee has placed it, and it
has the apices of the fronds as in that genus (and in some other genera) apjja-
rently in a continuous state of development.

22. G. (Eugymnogramme) clieilanlhoides, Klfs. ; caudex
creeping underground copiously rooting with numerous wiry
fibres, stipites distant slender flexuose 4-5 inches long pur-
ple-ebeneous, fronds firm-membranaceous 9-10 inches long
f of an inch wide glanduloso-pilose (as well as the dark-
pur|)le rachis) elongato lanceolate acuminate (the young
apices very villous) pinnate, pinnre horizontal sessile but not
adnate, from a broad base ovate deeply almost to the rachis

136 GYMNOGRAMME, § EUGYMNOGRAMME.

pinnatifid, below bipinnatifid, primary segments 8-9, the in-
ferior segments broad cuneate 3-4-iid intermediate ones bifid
the superior ones and all the ultimate segments oblong
rounded obtuse entire, veins forked ultimate ones in the
segments soriferous, sori oblong simple (not forked) .^ — Kaulf.
En. FU. p. 71. Hook, mid Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 24. Grammitis,
8w. Sijn. Fil. pp. 23, 219, and 419. Wllld. Sp. PL v. p. 143.
Carm. in PL of Trist. d'Acunha, in Linn. Trans. xW. p. 510.
Gymnogramme filipendulfefolia, Desy. Asplenium, P. Thou-
ars, FL Trist. d'Acugne, p. 34. t. 4.

Hal). Mauritius, Swartz. Tristan d'Acunha, Pet. Thouars, Carmichael.

23. G. (Eugymnogramme) leptophyJla, Desv. ; root a small
annual tufted mass of fibres, stipites tufted slender filiform
2-4-5 inches long, fronds small delicate membranaceous
subdimorphous 2-4 inciies long ovate or oblong; sterile ones
shorter than the fertile all bi-tripinnate, pinnules 3-4 lines
long [sterile ones generally the largest) ofjovato-cuneate de-
current bi-trifid or lobed, lobules obtuse, secondary rachises
winged, veins dichotomous, sori simple oblong on the ulti-
mate segments of the pinnules often subconfluent. — Desv.
Journ. Bat. \. p. 26. Kaulf. Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 25.
Hook, and Am. Brit. FL ed. 8. p. 580. Hook. Brit. Fer?is,
t. 1 . Grammitis, Stv. Sijn. Fil. p. 23. t. l.f. 6. Willd. Sp. PL
v. /?. 143. Polypodiuni, Li/?/?. Ylem'iomtis, La(/asca. Ano-
gramme, Link, Fee. Asplenium, Cav. Acrostichum, Decand.
Osmunda, Lam.

Hab. Frequent throughout the south of Europe, Azores, basin of the Mediter-
ranean. Its northern limit seems to be Jersey, the only locality in the British
Isles. In India it is found at Mussoorie and in the Nilgherries ; in Abyssinia,
Schimper ; in the Gulf of Persia, Kotschi/. In bouth America: Cuba, C. U'right ;
Andes of Ecuador, Spruce, n. 5290 ; Mexico, Galeotti, n. 6249. South Africa.
Australia: Victoria, Robinson, Mueller ; in Tasmania and in New Zealand.

24. G. (Eugymnogramme) chcerophylla, Desv. ; root
scarcely to be called a caudex a small descending tuft of
fibres as in G. lepiophylla and equally annual, stipites tufted
3-4 inches to a span long slender stramineous glossy, fronds
membranaceous glabrous 2-6 inches long ovate or subdeltoid
yellow-green subtripartite bi-tripinnate, primary pinnae (espe-
cially the lowest pair) long-petiolate remote, pinnules 2-3
lines long ovate or ovato-lanceolate inciso-pinnatifid, the
segments linear entire or bifid; sterile pinnules broader and
more cuneate, ultimate rachises winged, veins taking the

GYMNOGRAMMR, § E UG YMNOGllAM ^^E. 13/

course of the segments hence dichotomous and clothed with
the equally-forked sori. — Desv. Berl. Mag. \. j). 307. Hook,
and Grev. Ic. Fit. t.45. Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 40. He-
mionitis, Pair. Anagrannme, Lk.

Hal). South America: Paraguay (DesrniM.r) ; Buenos Ayres, Tweedie ; Hrazil,
Gardner, n. 14; Jamaica, .l/arcA, ». 29, and ol hers; Cuba, C. Wright, n. 8G0 ; Gua-
temala, Skinner. — This and G. leptophylla, and, I suspect, G. Jscensionis, are pecu-
liar among Ferns in having small fibrous annual roots; from hotii the latter the
present species is distinguished hy its larger more compound and finely cut fronds,
with dichotomously branched sori.

25. G. (Eugymnogranime) Ascensionis, Hook.; cavide.K
none, root small tufted filjrous annual (?),stipites tufted very
slender filiform 2-4 inches high, fronds 2-3 inches long tri-
angulari-ovate membranaceous glabrous bipinnate, pinnules
ovate or subobovate cuneate at the base so as to form broad
wings on the rachis deeply pinnatifid, segments oblong very
obtuse entire or bifid, veins dichotomous, sori oblong simple
on the ultimate branches of the veins of each segment. —
Grammitis, Hook. Ic. PL t. 967 [or Cent, of Ferns, t. 67).

Hab. Rocks and banks on the Green Mountain, Ascension Island, alt. 1200 to
1800 feet, J. D. Hooker, Dr. Curror. — Less delicate in texture than either of the
two preceding species, with differently-shaped pinnae and segments.

26. G. (Eugymnogramme) rutoifolia. Hook, and Grev. ;
caudex very short rather thick ascending, stipites herbaceous
glanduloso-villose densely tufted about an inch long, fronds
3 inches to a span long linear-oblong obtuse subcoriaceo-
membranaceous clothed with hairs on all sides which are
more or less glandulose at their tips, pinnated, pinnoe alter-
nate rather distant ^-| of an inch long trapezoid-ovate obo-
vate or fiabellate obliquely cuneate at the base and tapering
into a short petiole variously lobed or sometimes deeply pin-
natifid with narrow cuneate segments, veins flabellato-dicho-
tomous copious, sori oblong or linear rarely forked. Hook,
and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 90 [small specimen). Hook. fil. Fl. Nov.
Zeal. ii. /;. 45. Lehm. Pi. Preiss. ii. p. 1 10. Hook. Fil. Exot.
t. 5. GvammiUs, Br. Prodr. p. 146. Pleurosorus, Fee. Ce-
terach, Metten. Gymnogr. subglandulosa. Hook, and Grev.
Ic. Fit. t. 9 [less villous). Plcurosorus cuneatus, Fee. — Var.
Hispanica ; fronds more herbaceous, hairs slender eglandulosc.
Hook. Ic. PI. t. 935. Hemionitis Pozoi, Lat/asca. Gram-
mitis Hispanica, Cosson. Ceterach, Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips,
p. 80. (iymnogramme rosea, Her/). Par-is in Herb. J. Smith.

Ilab. Tasmania, Drown ; very general in Australia, from the south and west
VOL. V. T

138 GYMNOGRAMME, § E UG YMNOGRAMME.

and east coasts to the tropics. New Zealand, east coast, Colenso. Bourbon,/rom
Herb. Par. in Rprb. J. 5w.— Var. Hixpanica ; Province of Biscay, Lagasca, and
Sierra Nevada, Buurgeau, Boisxier, and Renter. — The European plant is no way
specifically distinct from the Australian one.

27. G. (Eugymnogramme) papaverifolia, Kze. ; caudex a
small knob-like rhizome erect paleaceous above with imbri-
cated linear-lanceolate brown glossy scales, stipites 1-2^
inches long pubescently glanduloso-hirsute (as is the whole
plant) densely tufted, fronds 2-4 inches long 1-1^ inch wide
near the middle, broad oblong-lanceolate obtuse bipinnate (or
perhaps more correctly pinnate with the pinnee pinnatifid),
pinnae ratiier distant alternate subsessile subobliquely ovate,
pinnules spreading 2-3 lines long obovato-cuneate decurrcnt
and forming wings on the rachis entire and mono-disorous or
the lower ones lobed or dentate, their lobes monosorous, sori
oval oblong prominent, when geminate confluent, capsules
rather compact. — Kze. Ana'. Pterid.p. 12. /. S.f. 2 {the fronds
too broad at the base., and heiice too triangular). Pleurosorus,
Fee,Gaii,FI. Chil. vi. p. 4 98. Ceterach, Metten. — Var. /S, fronds
pinnate, pinnae subentire or variously lobed scarcely ever bi-
pinnate. Pleurosorus immersus, Fee, Gen. Fit. p. 1/9. t- 16.
C. (no descrrption or character). Gay, Fl. Chit. p. 498. Gym-
nogramme Chilensis, Brack. Fit. tf. S. Expl. Exped. p. 22.
" Asplenium cihatum, Pr., Bertero, niss." [Kze.), a name, I
believe, nowhere otherwise known.

Hab. Chili : " Quillota, Bertero, n. 65 and 817" {Kze.) ; Leona mountains, San
Jago, Gay ; Cordillera, Cuming, n. 198. — Var. ;8, Chili, ''Bertero," Bridge.^, n. 553 ;
Santiago, Germain; Valparaiso, Harvey, Brackenridge. — The normal state of this
small Fern might easily be mistaken for the Asplenium Magellanicurn of South
Chili, hut for the presence of the glandular pubescence and the al)seuce of invo-
lucre to the sori. Kunze's figure is apt to mislead, for it represents the frond
very broad at the base, which i have never seen to be the case ; and I am all but
satisfied that the supposed species itself will bave to be united with G. ruta'foUa,
and thus furnish an American locality. Mr. Harvey's specimens and INlr. Bridges'
afford intermediate specimens between F. papaverifolia and those of .\I. Germain,
which latter can hardly be distinguished from Australian ones: and again I find,
among Sir Tlios. Mitchell's specimens, some fronds from the interior of tropical
Australia, which it would be hard to separate from G. papaverifolia.

28, G. (Eugymnogramme) Totta, Schlecht. ; caudex stout
horizontal or ascending sparsely paleaceous, stipites subter-
minal a span and more long subcaespitose scaly at the base,
fronds 12-lG inches long 5-10 inches broad dark or blackish-
green iirm-membranaceous more or less hairy on both sides
and on the rachises, pinnate deeply pinnatifid towards the
apex broad ovato-lanceolate acuminate, pinnae patent 3^-5

gymxogua:mme, § eigymnocramme. 139

inches long h-^ of an inch wide sessile or nearly so from a
scarcely contracted base oblong-acuminate pinnatifid ratber
more than balfvvay down to the racbis, segments ovate ob-
tuse entire, veins all simple lowest opposite pair meeting at
tbe sinus but not uniting, sori linear extending from the cos-
tule to near tbe margin. — Schlechi. Advinbr. PL p. 15. /. 6.
Grammitis, Pr. Hook. Gen. f.']2. B. Leptogramme. ./. Sm.
Polypodium, WiUd. Sp. PL v. p. 201. Gymnogramme Lowei,
Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 89. G. aspidioides, BL G. mol-
lissima, Fiscli. Kze. in Linncca, xxiii. jo. 310. Polypod. Afri-
canum, Desv. Phegopteris Totta, Metten. Phegopt. p. 18.

llab. South Africa: Cape Colony, Madeira, Lowe and others; St. Michael's,
Azores, J. C. Hunt, Esq. ; Ahy ?:%\n\a., Schimper. Tropical Africa : Fernaiuio Po,
on the Peak, alt. 1500 feet, «. 358, and on the Caineroons, 70C0 feet, n. 1375,
O. Maim. India: N.W. Provinces, Edgev-orth, Griffith; Kiiinaon, 4-800 feet,
Thomson ; Simla. Neilgherries, Assam, Ceylon, Mrs. General Walker. Java,
hlume. Japan, Simoda, C. Wright ; Port Hamilton and Tsussinia, off the coast
of Corea, Jl'ilford ; Kino Oliosima, Oldham, n. 107.

29. G. {Y.ugymno^VRmme) (/raci/is, Hew. ; caudex " erect,"
stipites short stramineous brown glossy, fronds 2^ to 5 feet
long 10-14 inciies broad glabrous tirm subcoriaceo-membra-
naceous broad oblong-lanceolate (in one instance very long-
attenuated below by many dwarfed opjjosite deltoid pinnae)
pinnated, pinnae G-8 inches long patent 1-H inch wide
broad oblongo-lanceolate acuminate sessile pinnatifid nearly
down to the costa, segments patent linear oblong often an
incb long entire straight or subfalcate, veins rather distant
very straigbt all soriferous, sori linear sbort close to the mar-
gin. (Tab. CCXCII.) — Heivard, Jean. Ferns, in Mag. of Nat.
Hist. N. Ser. 1838. Leptogramme {and L. attenuatal, J. Sm.
Phegopteris, Metten. Phegopt. p. 17- Grannuitis Hewardii,
Moore.

Ilab. Jamaica, Hevard, TVilson,n. 127 J/flrcA,w.268,362 (fronds 3-5 feet long),
P?(rrf/e (Westmoreland County). " Venezuela, Moritz, n. 35," in Herb. Hook., and
marked " Leptogramme aspidioides, Kl. ;" and Klolzsch quotes the same Mim/jer in
Linncpa, p. 20, for that species, but the tiro are totallg unlike.— 'Wxk is a very
peculiar and most distinct species of Gymnogramme, yet a good deal reset\il)ling
Fee's G. microcarpa (8me Mem. Foug. Nouv. t. 20. f. 5, referred by Mettenius
to Phegopteris decttssata), hut tliere the sori are figured and described as close to
the costule, here they are confined to the niargins : but if. as there is too much
reason to fear, the sori of Gymnogramme pass into those of Polypodium, then P.
dvcussalum and possibly P. rude are the same specifically.

30. G. (Eugymnogramme) />o/7/;jof/?o/V/c5, Sprcng. ; caudex
" creeping," stipites 4 inches to a span long, fronds membra-
naceous subhirsutulous 8 12 inches lonfr 5-8 inches wide

140 GYMNOGRAMME,

broadly subdeltoideo-ovate suddenly acuminate pinnated, pin-
nae 5-9 pairs frequently opposite 4-5 inches long spreading
from a narrow contracted cuneated base (especially the lower
ones) lanceolate acuminate sessile pinnatifid about halfway
down to the costa, the apex entire, segments ovate slightly fal-
cate entire, terminal pinna the largest and broadest petiolate
deeply pinnatifid with oblong falcate segments, veins simple,
sori simple linear oblong rather nearer the costule than the
margin. — Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. ^. 40. Phegopteris, Metten.
Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 82, Phegopt. p. 19. Ceterach, Raddi, Fil.
Bras. p. 10. /. 22 {very good). Grammitis, Pr. Leptogramme,
/. Sm. Gymnogramme Raddiana, Lk. G. villosa, Lk. ? [very
villous) .

Hah. Brazil, about Rio, Raddi fin Herb. nostr.J, Gardner, v. 119, Milne and
Macgillivray, Mrs. Maria Graham. — Well distinguished hy the abrupt narrow cu-
neated base of the lower pairs of pinnae and the large terminal one. The distin-
guishing characters are well represented by Raddi.

31. G. (Eugymnogramme) Linkiana, Kze. ; " caudex erect,
fronds li-2 feet long membranaceous, on both sides as well
as on the petiole pubescent lanceolate pinnated, pinnae nu-
merous inferior ones remote ^ an inch long intermediate ones
2—4 inches long sessile from a truncato-rotundate base
elongato-oblong acuminate pinnatifid the apex produced
serrulate, segments oblong subfalcate rotundo-truncate or
acute at the apex, veins undivided all soriferous, sori rotun-
date or the lowest ones at length linear intermediate be-
tween the costule and the margin, capsule generally gla-
brous rarely pilose loosely packed." Metten. — Kze. in Lin-
naa, xviii.^. 310, and xxiii. p. 310. Leptogramme, /. Stn.,
Kl. Grammitis, Pr. Gymnogr. polypodioides, Lk.

Hah. Caraccas, "Pohl." Brazil, Selloiu {Herb. Reg. Berol. in Herb, nostr.).
Tarapota, E. Peru, »S/j?'Mce, m. 4017, 4084, and Andes of Ecuador, «. 5285. Mexico,
Liebmann, Jilrgensen, n. 888 and 964. — This is very variable in the length of the
sori, round or oblong or sublinear, otherwise it has a close affinity with G. rupes-
iris, as both have with G. Totta of the Old World. Indeed Mr. Heward, no in-
competent judge, in his notes on Jamaica Ferns, gives the G. Lowei, Hook, and
Grev. ((?. Totta), as an inhabitant of Jamaica, nieauing probably either G.rupes-
tris or G. Linkiana of German authors.

32. G. (Eugymnogramme) rupestris, Kze.; "caudex erect,
fronds 1-2 feet long membranaceous pubescent beneath at
length glabrous lanceolate pinnated, pinnte numerous sessile
lowest ones abbreviated \-h an inch long intermediate ones
2-3 inches lono- from a truncated base oblone acuminate

GYMNOGRAMME, § EUG YMNOG R AM.M E. 141

pinnatifid, tlie apex produced entire, segments semioblong
at the apex oliliquely rotundato-obtuse or subtruncatcd en-
tire, veins undivided all soriferous, sori oblong or linear ex-
tending nearly to the margin, capsules loosely aggregated
mixed with a few rigid set£B." Kze. in Linncea, xxiii. p.
310. Leptogramme, Kl. in Linncea, xx. p. 41, Phegopteris,
Metten. Hort. Fil. Lips, p, 82, Phegopt. p. 11 .

Ilab. Tropical America : Columbia, Moritz, n. 241 (from Metteniiis) ; Vene-
zuela, Fcndler, n. 150, n. 307. — Y dr. major ; twice or thrice larger (a distinct
species ?), Andes of Ecuador, Spruce, w. 5285. A., and 5286, Jameson, (veins often
forked ; Caraccas, Linden, n. 540, very large, pinnae 14 inches long 1^ inch broad,
veins sometimes forked ; Bogota). — I fear too nearly allied to G. Linkiana.

33. G. (Eugymnogramme) pilosa, Mart, and Gal. ; caudex
"creeping," stipites 3-4 inches long slender stramineous
scaly at the base villous as is the whole frond with longish
white hairs, fronds thin membranaceous 6-8 inches long
I5-2 inches wide oblong-acuminate pinnated below the upper
half or more, deeply pinnatifid, pintue (or segments) sessile
lower ones rather distant the rest very approximate 1—1^
inch long 5-8 lines wide bluntly acuminate dentato-crenate
upper ones (or segments) nearly entire, the apex of the frond
subserrate, veins pinnated, veinlets lax distant undivided or
forked, sori ol)long very unequal in size and irregularly dis-
posed,— Mart, and Gal. Fil. Mex. p. 27. t. A.f. 1. Liebm.
Phegopteris, Metten. Phegopt. p. 18.

Hab. Mexico, Peak of Orizaba, alt. 10,000 feet. Martens and Galeotti,n. 6267,
Linden,a\t. 10,000 feet, w. 47.— My specimens from Galeotti, which are fairly
represented by him, have the appearance of immature fronds, as indeed Mettenius
states them to be.

34. G. (Eugymnogramme) anrita. Hook. ; caudex creep-
ing elongated paleaceous, stipites a span to a foot long dark
castaneous glossy, fronds li-2 feet long firm membranaceous
ovato-oblong acuminate pinnate rarely subbipinnate, pinnae
mostly opposite in distant pairs approximate (confluent at the
a|)ex)4-8 and more inches long ^-1 inch wide from a broad ses-
sile base (1 2-2 inches wide) oblong graduallyacuminated deeply
pinnatifid, lobes broader at the base oblongo-acuminate cre-
nato-serrate the lowest pair twice longer and larger especially
the inferior one and subpinnatifid, veins simple or forked all
soriferous, sori ()l)long simple rather nearer the margin than
the costule. — Hook. Ic. Pi. t. 974, or 74 of Cent, of Ferns,
and 989 (or t. 89 of Cent, of Ferns). Var. bipinnata ; pinnce

142 GYMNOGRAMME, § E UG YMXOGB AMME.

more elongated forked and both branches soriferous. Gram-
mitis, Moore. Phegopteris, J. Sm. Metten. P hey opt. p. 15,

Hah. India: Khasya, Mumbree, and Nuncklow, Griffith; hvLch&n, Hooker fil.
and Thomson, alt. 6000 feet. — A rather large and well-marked species.

.35. G. (Eugymnogramme) suhsiniilis, Hook. ; caudex ?,
" whole plant .3-4 feec liigh," stipes 1 foot and more long
testaceous brown very glossy, frond in my specimen 2| feet
long ] \ foot wide firm membranaceous glabrous subdeltoid
acuminate bipinnate below subtripinnate pinnate above the
middle, pinnatifid at the apex, pinnae all petiolate the lowest
pintmle or segment always the largest primary lowest pinna
10 inches long their lowest basal secondary pinna 5 inches
long subpinnate at the base, pinnules 2-3 inches long ^-| of
an inch wide often adnate and subdecurrent at the base lo-
bato-pinnatifid obtuse or acute, above the middle they are
confluent, intermediate pinnae deeply pinnatifid, the seg-
ments resembling the pinnules but rather crenate than lobate
at the margin, veins rather distant rarely simple mostly
forked once or more rarely twice soriferous near the middle
of the superior veinlet distant from the margin, sori small
oblong. (Tab. CCXCIII.)

Hab. Fernando Po, n. 125, G. Mann. — This is an ally of G. ohtusata, but the
venation and the position of the sori are very different.

36. G. (Eugymnogramme) decurrenti-alata, Hook. ; cau-
dex ?, sti])es H foot long rather stout, frond sparsely palea-
ceous with a few rather large ferruginous lanceolate scales,
frond \\ foot long 1 foot wide at the base dark-green mem-
branace(ms subsucculent deltoideo-ovate acun)inate bipinnate
below, pinnate in the middle, pinnatifid at the apex, pinnae all
petiolate subopposite oblong acuminate, inferior basal seg-
ments or pinnules the largest, lower primary pinnae with the
pinnules an inch long 5 lines wide subopposite distant re-
mote adnate and decurrent so that they are connected by a
winged rachis, oblong very obtuse lobato-pinnate most so on
the inferior margin and the lowest lobe always the largest
forming a blunt rounded auricle, intermediate pinnae deeply
pinnatifid with segments resembling the pinnules, veins pin-
nate subfasciculate, a fascicle to each lobe soriferous chiefly
at the base of the veinlets, the sori oblong and then forked
rarely a sorus produced on the veiidets nearer the margin.
(Tab. CCXCIV.)

GYMNOGRAMME, § E UG YMNOGR AM AIE. 143

Ilah. Japan, iiinist banks, Okosima, Oldham, 1801. — A very distinct species,
but, like tbe coinpoiiiid species of Dlplazia, not easily described in words. Its
nearest affinity is witb G. obhtsala, but bere all tbe pinnules are connected by a
membranous wing on the racbis.

37. G. (Eugymnograrnme) obtusuta, Bl. ; caudex ?, stijMtes
\\ and more feet long, fronds 2 feet and more long nearly
a foot wide at base subdeltoideo-ovate acute membranaceous
pubescent on tbe racbises and costae bipinnate below, pinnate
in the middle, pinnatifid at the apex, lower primary pinnae
petiolate 6 inches long 3 inciies wide oblongo-ovate, their pin-
nules 1-1.7 inch long less than \ an inch wide oblong sessile
and adnate and slightly decurrent at the base obtuse or acute
lobato-pinnatifid, the lol^es retuse or emarginate, intermediate
primary pinn^^e deeply pinnatifid sinuato-serrate, veins fasci-
culato-pinnate a fascicle to each lobe of tiie pinnules or large
segments soriferous onlv at the liase of ti>e lower branches,
sori oblong forked. — Bl, Fil. Jav. p. 97. t. 43 {excellent).
Phegopteris opaca, Met fen. Phegopt.p. 15. Hemionitis, Don,
and Gymnogvvimme, Spr. {fide Met ten.) Gymnogr. arbores-
cens, De Vriese, in Herb, nostr.

Ilab. Nepal, fVallich. Kbasya, Griffith. Java, Blume, De Vriese.

38. G. (E[iorymnogramme) vestit a, Hook.; caudex creep-
ing shaggy with long sericeous fulvous soft hairs, stipites ag-
gregated S-6 inches long sericeo-lanate, fronds 6 inches to a
foot long 1-l.j inch broad (everywhere) including the rachis,
copiously strigose with appressed sericeous aureo-nitent hairs
most glossy and more copious beneath subcoriaceo-membra-
naceous pinnated to the very apex, pituice h to nearly 1 inch
long petiolate cordato-ovate or oblongo-ovate obtuse entire,
veins numerous oblique simple clothed with narrow lines of
the forked sori. — Hook. Ic. PI. ii. /. 115. Grammitis ?, irull.
Cat. n. 12.

Hab. N.W. Himalaya, alt. 7-8000 feet, jrallich{mont. altiss., Kaniaon),w. 12,
Grijfilh, Col. Bates, Madden, Lady Dathousie, Tliomson, Straclieij and JJ'inlerbnt-
torn, Edyeworth. — A most lovely species, quite confined to N.W. Himalaya, with
fronds in shape much resembling luxuriant leaves of Polononiiim ccpruleum or
some Oriental Astragalus, AnA richly covered with glossy golden long silky hairs,
most brilliant on tbe under side.

39. G. (Kugymnogramme) MaeUeri, Hook.; caudex creep-
ing underground, stipes 1-2 inches long, fronds 7 and pro-
bal)ly more inches long 1 r^ inch wide carnoso-coriaceous pin-
nated, pinnte alternate rather distant ^-J of an inch long
patent sessile ovate obtuse cordate at the base entire clothed

144 GYMNOGRAMME, § E UGYMNOGRAMME.

on the upper side with dense whitish lanceolate dentato-
ciliated scales eraarginate at the base and subpeltate, and on
the under side with ferruginous scales of the same nature,
the surface of the pinnae bright-green when tlie scales are re-
moved, veins immersed close compact simple or forked clothed
with the narrow elongated sori for nearly their whole length
and which are (like the veins) simple or forked, rachis ebe-
neous-black paleaceous with imbricated linear lanceolate sub-
ferruginous appressed scales, longer and less toothed at the
margin than those of the pinnae. (Tab. CCXCV.)

Ilab. Fort Cooper, North-east Australia, Edward Bowman, Esq. Received in
1862 from Dr. Mueller. — It would be idle to speak of the great acquirements
and the unbounded liberality of the prince of Australian botanists, Dr. Mueller,
F.R.S. of London, and Government botanist at Melbourne, who must ever rank
with the noble-hearted Dr. Wallich amongst botanists. To Dr. Mueller I owe
the only specimens of this very remarkable Fern that have yet been detected.
They are sufficient to show a considerable affinity with a plant of a widely diffe-
rent and alpine country in the northern hemisphere, viz. G. vestita : in tlie latter,
as described under the preceding species, the clothing of the pinnae on both sides
consists of the most delicate and finest of soft silky hairs ; this has the pinnae and
the rachis equally clothed with lanceolate membranaceous closely reticulated
fringed scales.

40. G. (Eugymnogramme) tomentosa, Desv. ; caudex short
erect, stipites 4-12 inches long tufted purple-ebeneous as
well as the rachis and both (when young especially) villous
with patent fulvous hairs, fronds also villoso-subtomentose
6-12 inches long submembranaceous acuminate or (in the
more compound specimens) ovate pinnate with the pinnee
1-2 inches long petiolate, lower ones and often the terminal
ones cordato-ovate with 1-2 deep lobes at the base, upper
ones narrower and entire generally bipinnate and even sub-
tripinnate, lower primary pinnae 4-6 inches long their pinnae
as in those just described, terminal ones often hastate or even
pinnatifid, veins very close compact bi-trifurcate with the nar-
row linear sori covering the whole back of the frond. — Desv.
Berl. Mag. v. p. 304. Stv. Svensk. Hand/. 1813. p. 36. t. 4.
/. 2 (very good). Hemionitis, Raddi, Fil. Bras. p. 8. t. 19.
Asplenium, Lam. Neurogramme, Lk. Ceterach lobatum,
Pr. [fide Raddi).

Hab. Brazil, about Rio, all collectors, Gardner, n. 14 and 4077. Peru, M'Lean,
Mathews, n. 1815. — Notwithstanding the close affinity of the simply-pinnated
forms of this Fern with the G. rufa, leading to the belief that they may both be
forms of one species, I have among my numerous specimens no certain G. rufa
from Brazil anywhere south of the Amazon, where G. tomentosa is so abundant,
while all my specimens of G. rufa are from north Brazil.

OYMNOGRAMME, § E UG YM NOG RAM M K. 14-')

41. G. (Eui^yiniiogramine) rw/)/, Desv. ; c.iudex short erect
or ascending, stipites l-G rarely I'J inches long tufted dark
ebeneous-purple and as well as tiie rachis of the same colour
ferrugineo-patenti-pilose, fronds subcoriaceo-membranaceous
G-18 inches long 2-44 inches wide pilose with appressed
ferruginous hairs pinnated, pinnuc 1-2 inches long suboppo-
site petiolate horizontal, from an obtuse base oblongo-ovate
obtuse or acuminate entire, veins parallel close two to three
times dichotomous extending to the margin and covered for
their whole length with the narrow lines of sori. — Desv.in Berl.
Mag. V. p. 304. Hemionitis, Siv. Syn. Fil. y.p. 20 and 210.
Schk. Fil. p. 8.t.\7 and 21. TVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 130. Neu-
rogramme, Lk. Acrostichum, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1525. Sloane,
Jam. i.p. 87. t. 45./. 1.

Hal). Tropical America: Jamaica, Sloano, Wilson, n. 524, Hartwe(/,n. 1579.
Cuba, Linden, n. 2023; N. Granada, Linden, n. 509, Ilolton, n. 22; Venezuela,
Fendler, n. 302 (lowest pair of pinnae with an acute lobe at the base, as if dis-
posed to be compound) ; Panama, Cuming, w. 1200, Seemmin, n. 375 ; Guatemala,
Skinner ; Brazil, rocky shores of the Amazon, Santarem, Spruce, n. 401, and Ta-
rapota, Eastern Peru, n. 3992.— The simply-pinnated ramification of this chiefly
distinguishes it from G. tomentosum, Desv., and its close affinity with that plant
is alluded to by Willdenow.

42. G. (Eugymnogramme) Javanica, Bl. ; caudexan ascend-
ing rhizome scarcely creeping, stipites varying extremely in
length and thickness from the size of a crow's to that of a
swan's quill and from 1-4 feet long, frond ample equally va-
riable in size 1-4 feet long ovato-lanceolate (simple when
young) piiinate generally with the basal pinnee geminate or
ternate to bi-tri- and almost 4-pinnate the extremity always
pinnate, pinnules or ultimate pinnee extremely variable in
size and shape from 3 inches to 12-16 inches and more long
h an inch to 3 inches wide lanceolate or oblong or elliptical-
cuneate and acute or obtuse, the margins entire or more or
less serrated finely acuminate gradually or often suddenlv
caudate or cuspidate, veins very close parallel simple or once
or twice dichotomous, sori copious narrow-linear following
the course of the veins from the costa and branching with
them but never extending to the margin. — BL Fi/.Jai\ p.9j.
/. 41. Coniogramme, Fee. G. serrulata, BL FiL Jav. p. 95.
L 42 {less comjjound and larf/er plnufp). Grammitis procera,
IValL Cat. n. S. G. affinis, U'a/L Cat. n. 11. G. caudata,
Wall. Cat. n. 4. Gynmogrannne pilosa, Brack. Fil. U. S.
Expl. Exp. p. 22. t. 4 [slightly pahesccnt beneath). Diplazium
falcatum and D. fraxincum, Don. according to IMuore.

VOL. v. IT

146 GYMNOGRAMME, § CEROPTERIS.

Hab. Malay Islands : Java, Blume, De Vriese and Teijsmann, n. 50, 2HI, and
282 (pinnse very broad, probably tbe var. macrophylla. Bl.), Millett ; Luzon,
Cuming, n. 86 ; Sumatra, Herb, nosir. ; Moulmeine, Parish. India : all over Hi-
malayan India, from east to west, at an elevation of 7-8000 feet, WalHch, Griffith,
Edgeivorth, Strachey and TJ'interbottojn, Bate.s; Khasya and Assam, Griffith,
Hook. fil. and Thomson; Ceylon, Mrs. Gen. Walker, Gardner, n. 1225. Tropical W.
Africa: Fernando Po, on tbe Peak, alt. 10,000 feet.ri. 664 ; Island of St. Thomas,
4-5000 feet, Cameroon Mountains, 4-7000 feet, n. 1365, G. Mann. Japan : Si-
moda, C. Wright ; Hakodadi, Wilford, n. 1023. Sandwich Islands, Brackenridge,
Hillebrand. — Difficult as this fine but variable species may be to define in words,
there is no possibility of confounding it with any other, save G. (Dictyogramme)
Japonica, from which however the different venation will at once distinguish it,
anastomosing in the latter, always free in G. Javanica.

§ 2. Ceropteris. — Veins free, simple or forked ; fronds clothed beneath ivith a
white or yellow pulverulent substance. — Gen. Ceropteris, Link and Fee. Tris-
meria, Fee.

43. G. (Ceropteris) flavens, Klfs. ; caudex very short erect
ferrugineo-paleaceous, stipites tufted 8-10 inches long slen-
der ebeneous-purple glossj'^ fragile, rachis and its branches
quite capillary, fronds coriaceo-membranaceous 3-6-8 inches
long triangular-ovate dark-green and naked above bright and
copiously yellow-puverulent beneath tripinnate, primary and
secondary pinnae long-petioled broad-ovate, pinnules 2-4
lines long articulated upon the rachis and upon the petiolule
elliptico-rotundate entire easily deciduous, veins twice forked
bearing linear sori upon the branches each of few and lax
capsules more or less confluent. — Klfs. En. Fil. p. 77- Hook.
Fil. Exot. t. 4/. Kze. Acrostichum, ^w. Syn. Fil. jjp. 16 and
204. Willd. Sp. PI. V. p. 125, Cincinalis (?) flavens. Fee, Gen.
Fil. p. 161. t. 30. B. Desv.? J.Sm. Nothochlaena, Moore,
Ind. Fil. p. 9.

Hab. Tropical S. America, Nee ; Ecuador, Andes of Quindiu, alt. 4000 feet,
Humboldt and Bonpland; Loxa, Seemann. — This elegant and well-marked Fern has
been placed in Acrostichum, Cincinalis, and Nothochlcena ; but surely Kaulfuss and
Kunze are correct in referring it to Gymnogramme. See some remarks under our
Nothochlcena nivea, at p. 112 of this volume.

44. G. (Ceropteris) triangularis, Klfs. ; caudex very short
rather thick paleaceous ascending, stipites copious tufted ebe-
neous-purple very glossy a span to 1 foot long, fronds 3-4
inches long subcoriaceous pedately triangular or subpentan-
gular in outline dark-green above yellow or deep-orange farina-
ceous or rarely white beneath pinnate, pinnse sessile generally
opposite3-4 pairs of the ultimate ones confluent into a pinnati-
fid apex, lowest pair half-triangular (the lowest inferior pinnse
the longest) and again subpinnate, pinnse and segments oblong
obtuse more or less obtusely lobato-pinnatifid, sori oblong

GYMNOGRAMME, § CEROPTERIS. 147

suon confluent and covering the whole hack of the i)inn£c and
lohes save the margins. — Klfs. En. F'd.p. 75. Hook, and Grev.
Ic. Fil. t. 15.3, and Fil. Exot. t. 153.

Hah. California, especially about San Francisco, Chamisso, Sinclair, Coulter,
Brackenridge, Hartweg, n. 2041, Bridges, n. 29G, as far south as the 35th parallel
of lat., Dr. J. M. Bigelow ,• Oregon territory, Mount Hood, Douglas, Nuttall. Hot
valleys of Ecuador, Seemann, n. 946. — A very distinct and well-marked species,
occupying a great extent of country on the Pacific coast from Ecuador in South
America to Oregon, which seems to be its limit in North America. It is remark-
ably uniform in its form and ramification.

45. G. (Ceropteris) sulphurea, Desv. ; caudex very short
erect, stipites tufted purple-black when young pulverulent 4
inches to a span long, fronds membranaceous bright green
and glabrous white- or sulphur-pulverulent beneath ovate or
ovato-lanceolate bi- tri- or at the base subquadripiimate,
pinnae and inferior pinnules ovato-lanceolate the rest lanceo-
late the ultimate ones deeply pinnatifid, the segments oblong
or cuneate 5-6-toothed (in some cases deeply cut into very
narrow linear almost capdlary segments), veins dichotomous.
sori linear subconfluent, the capsules few and lax. — Acrosti-
chum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 15. 8chk. Fil. p. 4. Willd. Sp. PI. v.
p. 12.3. Linden, Cat. G. pulchella (« ivhite var.), Moore, in
Gard. Chron.for Sept. 1856./;. 597 {tvith a rvoodcut). Hook.
Fil. Exot. t. 74.

Hah. West Indies : Jamaica, abundant. Cuba, C. Wright, n. 975, large form.
Venezuela, Linden. Tovar, Fendler, n. 357, At Antilly Gap, Jamaica, alt. 2500
feet, St. David's; same locality as Aspidium (Polystichum) iridens. Mr. Wil-
son finds a pretty variety 3-4 inches to a span long scarcely 2 inches wide, very
compact, white or sulphur-coloured beneath. — Myself as well as others have con-
sidered the G. pulchella of our gardens a distinct plant from the G. sulphurea, hut
my copious specimens from the West Indies and Venezuela satisfy me that they are
one, varying a good deal in composition and in the breadth of the ultimate divisions
of the pinnules ; in specimens from Venezuela as finely cut as in many Trichomanes.

46. G. (Ceropteris) conspersa, Kze. ; caudex very small
erect possibly annual, stipites very slender filiform flexuose
.3-4 inches to a span long purple-ebeneous, fronds 3-4 inches
to 1 foot high very thin membranaceous subtriangulari-ovate
acuminate glabrous above, sparsely white-farinaceous beneath,
(sometimes of firmer texture and yellow-farinaceous) tri- or
rarely below quadripinnate, ultimate pinnules \h line to \ of
an inch long trapezoid cuneate sessile subdichotomously or
digitately pinnatifid, ultimate segments cuneate or linear en-
tire obtuse, veins forked soriferous, sori linear more or less
elongated and more or less confluent. — Kze. in Linnaa, xviii.
p. 116, and in Sc/ik. Fil. Suppl. i. p. 225. t. "'^

148 GVMNOGRAMME, § CEKOPTERIS.

Hab. My first specimens of this delicate Fern were received from Bourbon and
Madagascar, marked as G. rosea, Desv., and G.farinosa, Bojer, mss., from the
Paris Herbarium, Bory, and from Bojer. I have s'nce received it from South
Africa, Pappe, and from Gueinzius, and it is unquestionably the P. conspersa,
Kze. — Its nearest affinity is with G. sulphnrea, from which indeed some states
are not very distinct, and like it is variable in character as to size and shape of the
pinnules and in the farinaceous substance beneath being white and then generally
laxly dispersed : the l)righter the yellow, the more copious the covering. Some
very membranaceous specimens have pinnules so large and so membranaceous and
so deeply cut as to resemble some forms oi Adiantum Capillus- Veneris.

47- G. (Ceropteris) calomelanos, Klfs. ; caudes short stout
subei'ect, stipites tufted 1-2 feet long ebeneous-purple or
black (as is the racbis), fronds 1-2 or 3 feet long oblong acu-
minate coriaceous clothed beneath with a white yellow or
orange puverulent substance bi-sul3tripinnate, primary pinnae
lanceolate 6-10 inches long, secondary ones 1-1^ inch long
oblongo-lanceolate cuneate at the base and subdecurrent
more or less acute or acuminate inciso-serrate pinnatifid or
at their base again pinnate their apices sometimes sharply
serrated, lowest superior basal pinnules often subauriculate,
veins erecto-patent dichotomous, sori linear or forked red-
dish-brown occupying the forked veins. — Klfs. En. Fit. p. 76.
Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 76. Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 50. G. chryso-
phylla, Klfs. ? Acrostichum, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1529. Sw.
Syn. Fil. p. 15. Schk. Fil. p.4.t.5. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 1 23 .
Hort. Berol. t. A\. Fisch. and Langsd. Fil. t. 3 {very good).
Ceropteris, Link, Fee. C. distans, Fee.

Hab. All over tropical America and the West Indian islands, most abimdant.
Tropical Western African islands. Prince's Island, and Fernando Po, Barter, Gus-
tav Mann. — I have, in 'Garden Ferns,' 1. c, shown that no dependence can be
placed on the colour of the pulverulent substance of this species; it varies from
pure white to siilphur-yellow and bright orange ; indeed I have seen and repre-
sented the two latter colours each quite distinct on one and the same pinnule.
The jiinnules are very variable also in shape and in being more or less acuminated.

48. G. (Ceropteris) tartarea, Desv.; "caudex ascending,
fronds 1-2 feet long subcoriaceous glabrous above beneath
white with a powdery ceraceous substance ovate acuminate
bipinnate, primary pinnee linear-oblong obtuse or the lowest
ones ovato-lanceolate obtuse, secondary ones confluent with
a very narrow wing oblong rotundato-obtuse at the apex, the
margin serrulate, lowest ones pinnatifid, the segments oblong
obtuse." Met I en. —Desv. Berl. Mag. v. p. 305. Klfs. En. Fil.
p. 75. Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p.4\. Ceropteris, Link, Fil.
Hort. Berol. p. 142. Acrostichum, 8iv. Syn. Fil. p. 15.
Gymnogramme dealbata, Link. Ilemionitis, IVilld. Sp. PL v.

149

ji. 131. Hort. Berul. t. 40. — V:\x.pallidhpes; stipites and rachis
pale-brown. Gymnogramme Peruviana, Desv. Kze. in Schk.
Fil. Stipp/. I p. 65. t. 32. Metten. Fit. Hort. Lips. p. 41.
Ceropteris, Lk. Allosorus farinosus, Kze. in Schk. Fil.
Suppl. ii. p. 5. t. 103. Gymnogramme ornithopteris, Kl. in
Linncea, xx. p. 413. Gymn. Guianensis, Kl. in Linncen, xx.
p. 413.

Hab. Tropical America and Mexico. Samoa, S. Pacific, Brackenridge, Powel.
— Spite of the many authors who maintain this as a species distinct from G. ca-
lomelann.i, I confess myself to be quite i)uzzled to invent a good distinguishing
character, and am content if others can do so. As may l)e expected, too, the
pulverulent substance of the under side of the frond is liable to vary in colour
from pure white to sulphur and deep yellow or orange. G. cfirysophijlla, Klfs., may
thus be as likely to belong to G. tartarea as to G. calomelano.i. Much stress has
been laid l)y Ivlotzsch and others on the pale stipites and racliises of some states
of this, and lience the G. Peruviana, etc., have been formed ; but I possess speci-
mens witli quite intermediate characters, and with an ahnost intermediate form of
pinna between the most elongated and acuminated pinnules of G. calomelanus to
the usually obovate and very blunt one at the extremity of G. tartarea. G. Mar-
finsii, Bory and Kze. in Linnsea, xxiii. p. 255, and Metten. Hort. Fil. Lips., I
possess both from Guadeloupe and Jamaica, but can only look upon it as a state
of this of a rich golden-yellow beneath.

49. G. (Ceropteris) trifoRata, Desv. ; caudex very short
suberect, stipites stout tufted (and as well as the rachis)
bright purple-castaneous glossy at the base and squarrose
with broad subulato-castaneous scales, fronds 2-3 and more
feet long oblongo-lanceolate elongated pinnate, pinnae nu-
merous lower ones petiolate 3-4 inches long subternate up-
per ones sessile simple and as well as the pinnules linear-
lanceolate serrulate (naked and then generally barren or)
when fertile clothed with a yellow or whitish powder beneath,
veins manifest copious dichotomously divided approximate
clothed with narrow lines of sori which follow the direction
of the veins and are at length confluent. — Desv. Joiirn. Bot.
I. p. 25. Hook. Gard. Ferris, t. 4. Acrostichum, Linn. Sp.
PL p. 1527. Sio. St/n. Fil.]). 13. Schk. Fil. p. 3. /. 3. and
t. 22. Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 119. Hemionitis. H.B.K. Nov.
Gen. Am. i. p. 4. Trismeria argentea, aurea, and microphylla,
Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 1G5. Phyllitis ramosa trifida, Sloanc, Jam.
i. L 45. f. 2. Lingua cervina trij)hylla, Plum. Fil. p. 123. /.
144.

Hab. Jamaica and other of the West Indian islands, and in tropical S. Anierira
from Brazil aTid Ecuador, Guatemala. — The powdery substance clothing the under
side of the fertile fronds varies from white to full sulphur-colour.

150 GYMNOGRAMJlJE, § DICTYOGRAMME.

§3. Stegnogramme. — Veins pinnated from the costule, connivenf, the lower
ones at least, in opposite pairs {as in Eunephrodium among Aspidieae). — Gen.
Stegnogramme, Bl. Hook. Gen. Fit. t. CXX. B. {from Presl.)

50. G. (Stegnogramme) aspidioides. Hook, (not Klfs.) ;
caudex ascending more or less paleaceous-subrepent, whole
plant on both sides especially on the veins hairy (except the
caudex) sometimes densely villous, stipites terminal on the
caudex tufted a span to a foot long at length glabrous glossy,
fronds 1-1 i foot long 5-6 inches wide ovato-lanceolate acu-
minate pinnated pinnatifid at the apex firm-membranaceous,
pinnae opposite or alternate sessile subtruncate and more or
less adnate at the base .3-4 inches long rarely an inch wdde
oblongo-lanceolate lobato-pinnatifid, superior ones confluent,
veins 5-6 pairs from each costule simple 3 lower ones united
to those opposite and forming an excurrent spurious vein
reaching to the sinus, those in the lobes free all soriferous,
sori linear-oblong occupying nearly the whole length of the
veins.— Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 120. B., and Ic. PL x. /. 950 {or
Cent, of Ferns, t. 50). G. Stegnogramme, Bl. Fil.Jav. p. 98.
t. 44. Stegnogramme aspidioides, Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 172.
Presl, Tent. p. 210. t. 9./. 5 i^uot Gynniogr. aspid., Bl. En. Fil.
Jav. p. 112, which is G. Totta). Phegopteris Stegnogranmie,
Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 84. Phegopt.p. 26.

Hab. Banks of rivers, Java, alt. 3-4000 feet, Blume, Thos. Lobb, De Vriese and
Teijsmann, n. 612. Eastern Bengal, Khasya, alt. 6000 feet, Griffith, Hooker fil.
and Thomson. Ceylon, Gardner, n. 1292. — The Java specimens are generally the
largest and most copiously villous. Stegnogramme Sandvicensis, Brack., is Poly-
podium (Goniopteris) Sandvicense of this work.

§ 4. DiCTYOGRAMME. — Veins uniting so as to form costular irregular areoles,
ultimate veinlets near the margin, free. — Gen. Dictyogramme, Fee.

51. G. (Dictyogramme) amhigua. Hook. ; caudex ?, stipes ?,
fronds H foot and more long 6-12 inches wide sparsely pi-
lose on both sides with long brown jointed hairs membrana-
ceous ovate or ovato-lanceolate acuminated pinnated pinnati-
fid at the extremity, pinnae sessile or nearly so distant in
subopposite pairs 4-6 inches long ^ an inch (in some oi the fer-
tile pinnae to l-H i"ch long) in the sterile ones oblongo-lan-
ceolate pinnatifid rather more than halfway down to the costa,
segments oblong subfalcate obtuse entire, veins anastomosing
so far as to forn) a series of costal areoles and 2 or 3 costular
ones nearly all the rest free simple or forked soriferous, sori
oblong subpulvinate simple on the simple veins forked on
the forked veins rarely suborbicular. — Digrammaria ambigua.

GYMNOGRAMMK, § DICTYOGRAMME. 151

Pr. Tent. Pterid. p.W] . t.4.f. 12. Heterogoiiium aspidioi-
des, 7V. Epi7n. Bot. p. 143. Stenosemia aurita, ./. Sm. Hook.
Gen. Fil. t. 94./. 1-4 (e.rcl.ff. 5-9, tvhich belong to Polypo-
diuin (Phegopteris) Philippiiium).

Ilab. Luzon, Curninff,n. 151 (tliis niinibcr is referred to l)y J. Sm. as La.i/rea
spectaf/ilis, in Hook. Bot. Joiirn. iii. p. 3!)9), and Snma?; w. 321 {Stenosemia aurita,
J. Sm. 1. c. p. 395). — This is a remarkable plant, and is subdimor])bous, that is,
the fertile fronds or pinna; are more contracted than the sterile ones. It corre-
sponds in its venation with § Pleocnemia in the Aspidium group. As in some
other GrammitidecB, tiie sori vary from oblong to subglobose.

52. G. (Dictyogramme) Japonica, Desv. ; caudex creeping,
stipites a span to a foot long stramineous-brown very glossy,
fronds 1^-2 feet and more long 1 foot wide broad-ovate acu-
minate membranaceous pinnated subbipinnate below, pinnre
all petiolate subopposite 6-10 inches long 1-2 inches broad
from an obliquely cuneated base oblong subfalcate finely acu-
minate entire or serrated, veins copious approximate erecto-
patent anastomosing so as to form rather large costal areoles,
others forked partially anastomosing into narrow elongated
areoles the rest free towards the margin, sori copious often
on all the veins and uninterrupted (so as to have the sori of
Hemionitis next the costa, and of Gymnogramme towards the
margin). — Desv. Journ. Bot. \\\.p. 26. Kze. in Schk. Fil. Suppl.
ii. p. 39. t. 116. Dictyogramme, Pr. Epim. Bot. 263 {altered
by the author in my manuscript copy to " Notogramme ") .
Hemionitis, Th. Fl. Jap. p. 333. Siv. Syn. Fit. p. 21. Willd.
Sp. PL y.p. 120.

Hab. Japan, Thunherg, Goriiig ; Yokaharaa, Oldham, n. 110. Island of For-
mosa, Swinhoe (pinnae very broad). — This bears tbf same relation to G. Javanica
that our G.podophylla does to G.pedafa. The only difference is in the venation,
and it is not a little remarkable that G. Javanica is also found to be a native of
Japan, viz. of Simoda and Hakodadi.

53. G. (Dictyogramme) pinnata, Hook. ; caudex creeping
at the apex clothed with black setaceous hairs, stipites sub-
aggregated a span and more long glossy brown as well as the
rachis, fronds coriaceous a span to a foot and more long
nearly as much wide suboval glabrous subnitent pinnate,
pinucc 5-17 petiolate 5-10 inches long ^-1 inch and more
wide lanceolate or linear-lanceolate costatc, veins uniformly
anastomosing so as to form copious narrow-oblong oblique
areoles, veins soriferous, sori narrow linear and considerably
elongated subanastomosing (as are the veins) or short oblong
and very irregularly scattered. — Syngramme pinnata, /. Sm. in
Hook. Lond.^lonrn. Bot. iv. (1845) p. 168. /. 7,8. C. Dictyo-

152 GYMNOGRAMME, § SYNGRAMME.

gramme, Moore. Hemionitis elongata, 5rac^". Fil. U. S. Expl.
Exp. p. 66. t.8.

Hab. Island of Jobie, Indian Arcbipelago, Barclay. Fiji islands, Brackenridge,
Milne, Harvey, Seemann, 71. 715, Cairns. Ovalau, Milne. — The state with the
short scattered oblong sori seems to be much the most common in Fiji and Ova-
lau, and the pinnae of such have the broadest sori; the form, however, seems to
arise from disease.

54. G. (D'lcty ogramme) podophylla, Hook.; caudex?, sti-
pites 5-6 inches long purple-brown glossy, fronds 2i-4 inches
long nearly as much wide firm-subcoriaceous villous above
pubescenti-tomentose beneath cordate and quinato-pedate
primary divisions deeply pinnatifid with obtuse or acuminate
segments, veins anastomosing apparently free near the mar-
gin and those soriferous, sori linear soon confluent. (Tab.
CCXCVI.)

Hab. Mexico, between Vera Cruz and Orizaba, F. IlUller, 7i. 719 (communi-
cated by Dr. Meisner). Rio Gi-ande, New Mexico, from the U. S. Mexican
Boundary Survey, C. Wright, 71. 819. — In my specimens from Dr. F. Miiller, it
is quite clear that the veins anastomose ; in other respects the species does not
diifer specifically from the G. pedaia, Klfs. (our n. 13). I am a little doubtful of
Mr. Wright's specimens. The fronds there are too opaque to enable me to dis-
tinguish the true structure of the venation, yet I suspect the two are identical.

§ 5. Syngramme. — Primary veins parallel, forming very elongated transverse
( areoles, veinlets anastomosing only near the margin. — 6'eK. Syngramme, J. Sm.
Callogramme, jPe'e.

55. G. (Syngramme) quinata. Hook.; caudex?, stipites a
span and more long stramineous-brown glossy, fronds firm
subcoriaceo-membranaceous quinato-pedate or in other words
ternate with the terminal or intermediate pinna 6-14 inches
long Ij-S inches broad, lateral ones 6-11 inches long entire
with the lowest pair decurrent at the base or bipartite with
the lower segment subdeflexed half the size of the one which
bears it, all oblongo-lanceolate shortly and suddenly acuminate
entire, veins subhorizontally patent approximate simple or
rarely forked anastomosing at the margin so as to form a
single series of areoles within the margin, sori simple or
forked linear occupying more or less of the anastomosing
veinlets. (Tab. CCXCVIL)

Hab. Island of Vanecolla, or Pitt's Island, S. Pacific, C. Moore, n. 12. Salo-
mon's Islands, S. Pacific, Milne, n. 579. Borneo, Sarawak, Thos. Lobb. — A very
handsome and peculiar species.

56. G.? (Syngramme?) subti'ifoliata, Hook.; caudex?, sti-
pites (imperfect ones) 4 inches long l)rown glossy margined

GYMNOGRAMME, § SYNGRAMME. 153

the whole length on each side with a narrow wing from the
decurrent bases of the lowest piniipc, fronds {sterile) firm mem-
l)ranaceous nearly 1 foot long trifoliolatc, leaflets or pinnae
(3-10 inches long if to 1 inch wide petiolate alternate articu-
lated on the rachis and deciduous, terminal pinna the largest
and broadest lanceolate finely acuminate subsinuato-crenate
gradually attenuate at the base into a narrow wing on the
petioles and stipes, all of them thickened by a line at the
very margin, veins approximate numerous subhorizontal pa-
tent simple or forked extending to and united with the thick-
ened margin, costa pale greenish-brown beneath, sori ? (Tab.

ccxcviii.)

Hab. Trees on niountains, Xaviti Levu, Fiji Islands, Milne, n. 108, not found
in fructification. — I give this ))lant a place and a name here, though it may have
little or nothing to do with this group of Ferns. The pinna; are clearly jointed
on the slender and always winged rachis, and there is evidently a marginal (not
intramarginal vein which unites all the transverse veins.

57. G. (Syngramme) obtusifolia, Hook.; caudex creeping
underground copiously and long radicant, stipites aggregated
very slender flexuose2-3 inches long stramineous glossy, fronds
simple coriaceous glossy 6-9 inches long \-\ an inch wide {fer-
tile owes generally the longest and narrowest) linear-spathulate
flexuose very obtuse at the apex (singularly so and broad in the
sterile fronds) quite entire, the margin scariose, the costa pale
stramineous beneath, veins prominent and very conspicuous on
the upperside not at all so nor even manifest beneath, subho-
rizontally patent numerous simple or forked extending to and
uniting with an intramarginal vein close to the callous edge,
not a few of these veins anastomose but by no means com-
monly so, sori oblong rather than linear simple or rarely
forked most numerous near the margin. (Tab. CCXCIX.)

Hal). Java, De Vriese and Teijsmann, n. 20G. — The slender and very flexuose
stipes and the long attenuated flexuose base of the frond and very obtuse apices
give this Fern a iieculiar aspect. It is very different from the two preceding spe-
cies and i)erhaps in general habit and texture more allied to G. viffcpformis; but
the stipites are very different, and there is here clearly uo marginal anasto-
mosing of the veins.

58. G. (Syngramme) Loblnnna, Hook. ; caudex creeping
partly clothed with short black hairs, stipites subaggregated
l:f-2 inches long eljony-black very glossy as is the costa be-
neath, fronds simple firm-coriaceous opaque 7-10 inches long
glabrous .v-Jf of an inch wide narrow lanceolate or broader
below the middle much and gradually acuminated eiitire,
veins numerous erecto-patent simple or forked free to within

VOL. v. X

154 GYMNOGRAMME, § SYNGRAMME.

a short distance from the margin where they unite by a series
of angular arches which constitute a zigzag line, sori most
beautifully and regularly arranged simple or forked clothing
the whole length of the veins but not extending to the con-
necting marginal arches. (Tab. CCC.)

Hal). Borneo, Thos. Lohb. — A very pretty species, which I can nowhere find
described.

59. G. (Syngramme) Borneensis, Hook. ; caudex creeping
the apex clothed with short black velvety hairs, stipites very
short scarcely 3 lines long pale-brown aggregated, fronds
simple coriaceous glabrous; sterile ones 4-7 inches long | of
an inch wide spathulato-lanceolate shortly acviminate ;/er/27e
ones 6-8 inches long scarcely j of an inch broad narrow
linear-lanceolate longer but more bluntly acuminate, all of
them gradually attenuated at the base nearly to the caudex
very minutely pellucido-punctulate, the margin narrowly sca-
riose serrulate towards the apex, the costa pale stramineous
beneath, veins copious subhorizontally patent simple or
forked united by a distinct longitudinal vein a little within
the margin, sori copious linear simple or forked extending
the whole length of the veins or more copious towards the
margin. (Tab. CCCI.)

Hab. On trees, Sarawak, Borneo, alt. 2500 feet, Thos. ioii.— Evidently allied
to G. Lobbiana, but very distinct in texture, venation, and in the attenuated
base of the almost sessile fronds.

60. G. (Syngramme) vittceformis, Hook. ; caudex creeping
partially clothed with setaceous black scales, stipites approxi-
mate subcsespitose 1-1 h foot long subflexuose purple-black,
fronds simple coriaceo-membranaceous 7-^2 inches long
|-2^ inches broad (in the sterile ones) shortly and ob-
tusely acuminate moderatelv attenuated at the base in the
fertile fronds long and narrow attenuated and decurrent on
the stipes, the margin subsinuato-dentate, veins copious very
patent simple or forked anastomosing into 2-3 series of
areoles only at the margin, sori narrow-linear occupying the
whole length of straight veins and extending partially to the
anastomosing ones. — Syngramme, J. Sm. in Hook. Lond.Jovrn.
Bot.'w. i\M5)2jA68.t.7,S.f.A. Pr. Epim. Bot. p. 144. Calli-
pterisjJ. Sm. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 409. Oxygoniura, J.Sm.

Hab. Island of Samoa, Cuming, n. 329. — Well figured by Mr. J. Smith, 1. c.
I have seen no specimens save from the above locality.

61. G. (Syngramme) «/m?^/o/i«, Hook. ; caudex creeping,

GY.MXOGRAMME, § SELLIGUEA. 155

stipites a span to a foot and more long blackish-purple, fronds
subcoriaceo-menibranaceous simple 5-8 inches long 2^ inches
wide near the base, from a rounded base ovate or ovato-lan-
ceolate finely acuminated, veins numerous approximate sim-
ple or forked anastomosing only at tlie margin into 1-2 rarely
more series of oblong hexagonal areoles, sori narrow-linear
on all the straight veins but scarcely extending to the anasto-
mosing ones. — Syngramme, ./. Sin. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot.
1845. p. 16S. t. 7, 8. B. Pr. Epini. Bot. p. 144. Dipla-
zium, Pr. Rel. Hcenk. i. p. 49. t. 8. f. 3 [sori inaccurate) . Oxy-
gonium, Pr. Tent. Pterid. p. 118. /. 4. /. 11 {venation only).
Callogramme Caeciliae, Fee, ^me Mem. Foug. Nouv.p.Al. t. 8.
/. 1.

Hab. Luzon, Hcenke. Singapore, Wallich, in Herb, nostr., Thos. Lohb.

62. G. (Syngramme) Wallichii, Hook. ; caudex creeping
underground, stipites subfasciculate a span to 1^ foot long
black-purple, fronds subcoriaceo-menibranaceous simple G-lO
inches long H-2 inches wide in the middle broad-lanceolate
or subelliptico-aeuminated entire narrow cuneato-attenuate
at the base, veins numerous approximate simple or forked
anastomosing only at the margin into 1-2 rarely more series
of oblong hexagonal areoles, sori narrow-linear on all the
straight veins but scarcely extending to the anastomosing
ones. (Tab. CCCII.)

llab. Singapore, Wallich. Borneo, Sarawak and Labuan, Wallace, Thos. Lobb,
Motley. — Tbis is reacbly distinguished from G. aliamasfoUa by its longer and truly
lanceolate fronds with a tapering narrow cuneate base, and all my specimens are
very uniform in this respect.

§ 6. Selliguea. — Primary veins often pinnated from a central costa, the rest
(or all) uniformly but often irregularly anastomosing, with or without free
veins. Fronds mostly simple and entire, rarely pinnatifid. — Tliis is among
Grammitidece, in regard to venation, what Phymatodes is among Polypodiete. —
Gen. Selliguea, Bory. Grammitis, Aact. Loxogramme, Pr., in part. Hook.
Gen. Fit. t. 73. B. Colysis, Pr.

6.3. G. (Selliguea) involnta, Don; caudex long creeping
paleaceous at tiie apex with broad lanceolate scales, stipites
subaggregated stout but compressed and winged, fronds car-
noso-coriaceous a span to 1-1 i foot long ^-3 inches wide
simple lanceolate acuminate much attenuated at the base and
narrowly decurrent on the stipes, costa broad compressed
pale-coloured, venation immersed obscure, primary veins
oblique subcostuliform very slender connected by a network
of secondary veins forming subuniform areoles with larger

156 GYMNOGRAMME, § SELLIGUEA.

costal ones sometimes including free veinlets, sori linear
elongated erecto-patent but varying a good deal in direction
not quite extending to the costa or to the margin. — Gram-
mitis, Don, Prodr.}). 14. Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t.b6. Bl.
Eu. Fil. Jav.p. 1 1 7- Antrophyum, Bl. Fil. Jew. p. 87- Loxo-
gram m e, Pr. SelVigueh, Kze. in Linnaa,xxiv. p. 252. Poly-
podium, Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 37. t. 25, 26, 27 {venation
and sori). Polyp. p. 116. Gra.mmit\sc\i?,p\da.ta.,Ze7ik. PI. Ind.
i. t. 2. Gr. scolopendrina, Bory, in Voy. Coq.j). 256. t. 30./. 1.
Gr. flavescens, Wall. Cat. n. 6. Antrophyum, Bl. Fil. Jav. t. 37.
f. 1 [not Grammitis coriacea, Klfs. in Sieb. Syn. 67, a Mauri-
tius Fern, which is considered by Kunze to be Gr. lanceolata,
Siv.). Antr.Q.\'enmm,Bl.Fil.Jav.p.86.t.S7./.2. Polypodium
Metten. Polyp, p. 1 14. t. 3, 20, 21. Loxogramme Blumei, P7\
Selliguea, Kze. Polypodium, Metten. Polyp. p. 114. t. S,ff. 27,
28 [venatio7i and sori). Grammitis acuminata, Wall. Cat.
n. 7. Gr. raacrophylla, Wall. Cat. n. 10 {iiot Blume). Sel-
liguea Wallichiana, Plook. Ic. PL t. 204.

Hab. One of the most common of Indian Ferns in mountain districts, at an eleva-
tion of 4000-6000 feet, from Kumaon in the west to Sikkim and Boutan and Khasya
in the east; Neilgherries, etc. Moulmeine and Borneo, 7'Aos. ioZii. Java, Blume
and others, frequent. Penang and probably all the Malay islands, Luzon, Cuming,
n. 12. Ceylon, Horton Plains, alt. 8000 feet, Gardner, n. 1227. Salomon Islands,
S. Pacific, Milne, n. 565 (very fine specimens). — With so common an Indian tro-
pical Fern as this, some variation may be anticipated in relative length and breadth
of the frond, but few species of Ferns are more easily recognized. Bory gives this
as a native of New Zealand, and hence perhaps Dr. Hooker, in his Flora N.
Zeal , has supposed it to be the Grammitis australis, Br.

64. G. (Selliguea) lanceolata, Sw. ; caudex long creeping
densely rooting paleaceous, stipites often aggregated very
short 3-4 lines long compressed marginato-alate, fronds 6-12
inches long i-| of an inch wide simple carnoso-coriaceous
lanceolate sharply acuminated, below attenuated and long de-
current nearly as far as the caudex costate, costa sunk, veins
anastomosing and forming a series of oblong hexangular
areoles parallel M'ith the costa rarely including free veinlets,
sori large linear oblong pulvinate obliquely parallel with the
costa. — Grammitis, Stu. Syn. Fil. p. 22 and 213. t. \. f. 4.
Willd. Sp. PI. V. p. 139. Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 43. An-
trophyum, Bl. Fil. Jav.p. 84. t. 36. Loxogramme, Pr. Hook.
Gen. Fil. t. 73. B. Selliguea, Fee. Polypodium, Metten.
Pohjp. p. 12. t. 3.f. 25.

Hab. Bourbon and Mauritius. Ceylon, Thivaites, C. P. n. 3146. S. Africa,
L. Meade, D' Urban (very bright green when dry: some specimens bifid and la-
ciniated at the apex). Tropical W. Africa, Sierra Leone, Brass, Barter; Fernando

GYMNOGRAMME, § SELLIGUEA. 157

Po, alt. 3000 feet, Gustnv Mann, n. 373, and Cameroon Mountains, common, alt.
4-7000 feet, n. 1381 (some specitneiis 1^ incli broad). Java, Blume, Thos. Lobh.
India : Kliasya and Moosiiiee, Griffith, alt. 3-4000 feet. Hooker fil. and Thomson ;
Neilgherries, jraZ/icA (Gr.Wightiaiia, Wall.) China: Bonin, Beechey, C. Wriylit.
Japan : Nagasaki, Oldham ; Tsus-Sima, U'ilford.

65. G. (Selliguea) elongata, Sw. ; caudex creeping rufo-
tomentose as well as tlie copious radicles, stipites distant
3-4 lines long, fronds 3-8 inches long l^-h an inch wide co-
riaceous opaque simple S[)arsely and deciduously scaly (with
very minute rounded peltate ciliato-dentate scales) lineari-
lanceolate acuminate much and gradually attenuated below,
costa often black on the under side, veins submanifest on the
thinner fronds anastomosing so as to form elongated areoles
nearly ])aiallel with the costa the lower ones often including a
long^free veinlet, sori oblong a little sunk pulvinate nume-
rous intermediate between and parallel with the costa and
the margin, capsules when young mixed with minute peltate
sc?i\&s.—Sw. Si/ii. Fil. ]}. 22. U'illd. Sp. PL v. p. 140. Syn-
ammia, Fr. Mecosorus, Kl. Phlebodium, J. Sm. Poly-
podium, Metteii. Polyp. p. 88. Drynaria, Fee, and D. Prieurii,
Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 271, and 6me Mem. Foug. Nouv. p. 17- t. 6.
Grammitis lanceolata, Schk. Fil. p. 9. /. 7 {sori too long).
Gr. squamulosa, Splitg.

Hab. Tropical America, frequent. Throughout the \X. India Islands, Cuba,
Wright, n. 790. Venezuela, Binschill. Brazil, Raddi, Gardner, n. 192, and
othern. Surinam, Splitgerber. Western Andes of Quito, Spruce, n. 5064. — Ge-
nerally a small but well-marked species.

66. G. (Selliguea) Salvinii, Hook. ; caudex long creeping
paleaceous and rooting with densely tomentose fibres, fronds
distant carnoso-membranaceous simple 6-10 inches long
glabrous obtusely acuminate gradually attenuated to the per-
fectly sessile base obscurely costate, veins forming series of
oblong hexagonal areoles with no included free veinlets, sori
linear or short oblong pulvinate slightly oblique but nearly
parallel with the costa. — Grammitis, Hook. 2d Cent, of Ferns,
t. 71. Selliguea Mexicana, Fee, 7nie Mem. Foug. A'ouv. 1. 10.

Hab. Guatemala, Vera Paz, alt. 3500-.'}000 feet, Osbert Salcin, Esq., Jurgen-
sen, n. 248 ? — A very distinct-looking plant of its section, with quite sessile fronds
and with a very obscure costa. The latter is represented by a broad whitish line
rather than by any perceptible thickening to constitute a midrib. My specimens
are very perfect, and I have seen none but those gathered by Mr. Salvin. I can-
not satisfy myself without authentic specimens if it be the same as Foe's Selliguea
Mexicana, thus characterized, " fronds lanceolate thick coriaceous soft attenuated
at both extremities wlien dry yellowish, the margin undulate, stipes very short
winged, sori linear obtuse straight remote, capsules subrotuud, pedicels broad

158 GYMNOGRAMME, § SELLIGUEA.

short, annulus 14-16-articulate, stoma narrow, spores ovoid." The figure repre-
sents the frond much more attenuated at each extremity, and with much smaller
sori. If it should eventually prove the same, the name of Mexicana must have
the right of priority.

67. G. (Selliguea) caudiformis, Hook. ; caudex creeping
paleaceous with lanceolate-subulate ferruginous scales, sti-
pites remote piano-triquetrous a span or more long, fronds
dimorphous firm -coriaceous ; sterile ones 5-7 inches long
ovato-oblong acuminate acute at the base ; fertile ones 6-9
inches long elongated lanceolate more or less acuminate, ve-
nation obscure, primary veins costuliform ver)^ patent but
united by transverse veins including lesser areoles and then
having free veinlets, sori uniseriate between the costules sub-
rotund (and polypodioid) or confluent into linear elongate
(and grammitidoid) sometimes as long as the costules. — Var.
a, sori elongated and continuous. Grammitis (Selliguea)
caudiformis. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5328. — Var. /3, sori inter-
rupted and more or less polypodioid. Polypodium caudi-
forme, Bl. Fil. Jav.jJ. 146. t. 54./. 2. Metten. Polyp, p. 110.
SeUiguea plantaginea, Brack. Fit. U. S. Expl. Exp. p. 58.

Hah. Java, Blame, De Vriese and Teijsmann, alt. 10,000 feet. Tahiti, Brack-
enridge. Isle of Aneiteuni, Milne. Fiji Islands, Seemann. — The fronds of this
Fern have a great resemblance to those of our Polypodium (Phymatodes) irique-
trum, and are sometimes in like manner proliferous : but the fertile ones are nar-
rower and more or less acuminated. The sori are remarkable for being some-
times polypodioid and sometimes grammatidoid, so that it is difficult to say to
which group it should belong.

68. G. (Selliguea) Feei, Hook. ; caudex creeping paleaceous
with subulato-setaceous scales which are dilated at the base,
stipites distant 2-4 or 6 inches long (of t\\Q fertile fronds),
fronds more or less firm-coriaceous glabrous; sterile ones
2—4—5 inches long ovate acuminate with an obtusely cuneate
base rarely and only when young oblongo-ovate and obtuse;
fertile ones 4-6 inches long lanceolate acvtminate (rarely ob-
long and obtuse) subdecurrently attenuated at the base, vena-
tion obscure, primary veins costuliform distant subhorizon-
tally patent united by transverse veins forming large areoles
which are again occupied l)y lesser areoles with or without
free included veinlets, sori central alternating with and pa-
rallel with the costules sunk, when young small and suborbi-
cular, in maturity nearly as long as the costules linear-oblong
pulvinate rarely subinterrupted. — Se\\\guea.,Bory,in Diet. Class.
d'Hist. Nat. v'i. p. .344, cum Ic. BL Fil. Jav. p. 123. ^. 51.
Pr.Epim. Bot. p. 145. Polypodium, Metten. Polyp, p. 110.

GYMNOGIIAMME, § SEF^LIGURA. 159

Polypodium Vulcanicum, BL I. c. p. 144. i. 56. f. 2 (fronds
obtuse). Mctten. Po/i///. p. 111. Grammitis, B/. En. Fil.
Jew. p. 118. Grammitis cliversifolia, fVall. Cat. n. 8, and in
Herb, nostr.

Hal). Penang and Singapore, Wallich, Sir Wm. A'orris. Java, Blame. Borneo,
Thos. Lobb. — This lias much narrower sterile fronds than G. heterocarpa (our n.
72), and, I helieve, is very distinct. I may here mention a species of Selliguea
of Brackenridge with which I am unacquainted ; S. aliena, " caudex creeping,
stipites elongated marginate, fronds entire glabrous membranaceous lanceolate
caudato-acuininate attenuate at tlie base repand at the margin, sori oblique con-
tinuous scarcely extended to the margin." — Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exped. p. 58.
Hab. Luzon. " Closely related to Cclerach pan'iculala " (pedtmculata ?), " Ilook.
and Grev., and to Grammitis membranacea, Bl."

69. G. (Selliguea) macrophylla, Bl. ; caudex " creeping pa-
leaceous, stipites .3 to 8 inches in the fertile plant," fronds
membranaceous 12-16 inches long 3-3^ inches broad oblongo-
lanceolate or oblongo-subspathulate shortly acuminate at the
base gradually and rather long-attenuated upon the stipes
entire or subsinuate at the margin subopaque, venation ma-
nifest, primary veins costuliform subhorizontally patent, a
slenderer intermediate soriferous vein runs parallel with
them, and all are connected by transverse veins thus forming
nearly four-sided subuniform areoles often including free vein-
lets, sori alternating with the parallel veins equally long entire
or interrupted. — Grammitis, Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p. 119. Selli-
guea, Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 127. t. 53 [very faithful). Colysis, Pr.
Polypodium, Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 37. t. 25. /. 22, 23
[venation excellent). Metten. Polyp, p. Ill,

Hab. Java, Blame. Isle of Bohol, Philipi)inc Islands, Cuming, n. 351. Bor-
neo, forests at Sarawak, Thos. Lobb (more sharply acuminated and the fertile
frond more ovate). — The finest species perhaps of the group.

70. G. (Selliguea) membranacea, Bl. ; caudex creej)ing
branched the young branches paleaceous with subulate black
scales, stipites remote 2-6 inches long, fronds 6-12 inches
long ^-1^ inch wide lanceolate acuminate firm-membrana-
ceous glabrous almost black when dry, the base long attenu-
ated and narrow decurrent on the stipes, primary veins slen-
der subcostuliform united by secondary ones forming hexa-
gonal subuniform areoles, sori patent linear extending from
near the costa to near the margin. — Grammitis, Bl. En. Fil.
Jav. p. 1 18. Selliguea, Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 1 23. t. 52. f. 2. J. Sm.
Colysis, Pr. Eplm. p. 147- Selliguea marginata, Meyen. in
Pr. Tent. Pterid.p. 216. Colysis, Pr. Epim.

Ilab. Java, Blame. Luzon and Saniar, Camivg, n. .'^25 atid ."^Sl. — Presl makes
two species out of Cuming's specimen, but, I think, without sufficient reason.

160 GYMNOGRAMME, § SELLIGUEA.

71. G. (Selliguea) Wrightii, Hook.; caudex creeping pa-
leaceous witli blackish subulate often falcate small scales,
stipites scarcely any or in other words 8-12 inches long but
winged almost to the caudex by the gradually decurrent ])ase
of the frond, in general the longer are of the fertile fronds,
fronds 6-8 inches long before coming to the rather sudden
contraction which forms the wings to the stipes almost black
when dry glabrous membranaceous opaque exactly lanceolate
obtusely acuminate entire remarkably decurrent on the stipes,
primary veins costuliform subhorizontally patent between
which are two parallel series of rather large oblong-square
areoles with or without free veinlets, sori linear rarely inter-
rupted yellowish alternating with the costular veins. (Tab.
CCCIII.)

Hab. Loochoo Islands, C. Wright (" Selliguea pedunculata, Pr.") West coast
of Formosa, Wilford, Swinhoe. — This is quite diiferent from the Selligtiea pedun-
culata of Pr., to which Mr. C. Wright refers it, and a very remarkable species,
extremely uniform in the specimens I possess from three different collectors. From
the dark opaque hue of the fronds and scales of the caudex, it has the appearance
of an aquatic.

72. G. (Selliguea) heterocarpa, Bl. ; caudex creeping
densely clothed with appressed subulato-setaceous scales,
stipites distant 6-8-10 inches long stramineous longest of
the fertile frond, fronds subcoriaceo-membranaceous and
glossy entire more or less acuminate from 10-12 inches
long usually all more or less lanceolate or oblongo-lanceolate
attenuated and decurrent at the base entire, costules very
distinct horizontal connected by transverse veins forming
large areoles filled up with a net work of smaller ones with
free included veinlets, sori alternating with the costules
broad oblong sunk (forming an oblong boss on the upper
side) extending neither to the costa nor to the margin. —
Grammitis, Bl. En. Fil. Jov. p. 118. Selliguea, Bl. Fil. Jav.
p. 125. /. 52. /. 1. Pr. Polypodium, Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips.
2^. 37. t. 25. ff. 24 and 25 {venation very faithful) .

Hab. High mountains of Java, Blume, ZoU'mger, Millett, Thns. Lobb. De Vriese
and Teijsma7i7i.— This is well figured by Blume, and appears to be peculiar to Java.

73. G. (Selliguea) Hamiltoniana, Wall. ; caudex creeping
partially paleaceous with subulate black scales, stipites dis-
tant 2-4 inches long, the sterile fronds a foot and more long
and more slender in the fertile, fronds dimorphous subco-
riaceo-membranaceous subopaque glabrous sinuato-dentate
ovate or ovato-lanceolate acuminate at the base long-attenu-

BliAINEA. IGI

<ated and decurrent upon the stipes; sterile ones 5-1 S inches
\ou^\ fertile 3- rarely exceeding 5 inches lonir, priniar}' veins
costuliform flexuose horizontally patent distant united by
transverse veins forming large square areoles including seve-
ral lesser ones which generally include free vcinlets, sori co-
pious ol)long continuous alternating with the costular veins
equally long with them at length confluent. — Wall. Cat. n. 9.
Selliguea Hamiltoni, Pr. Tent. Pterid. p. 216. t. 9./. IG, and
S. Hookeri, Fr. I. c. Ceterach pedunculata, Hook, and Grev.
Ic. Fit. t. 5. Selliguea, Pr. Epim. Bot. p. 146.
Hab. Silhet, F. de Silva. Khasya and Mishmee, Griffith.

74. G. (Selliguea) decurrens, Hook. ; caudex creeping pa-
leaceous, stipites distant 1 foot and more long stramineous-
brown, fronds l-]^foot and more long 8-10 inches broad
firm-memliranaceousbroad ovate deeplypinnatifid or pinnated
with the rachis more or less winged, segments spreading 6-8
inches long h an inch or less to H inch wide linear-lanceo-
late or broad oblongo-lanceolate finely acuminate suboppo-
site and very distant generally contracted near the base then
dilated above, and so extending above and decurrent below
as to form a narrow or broad wing between the segments,
veins sometimes slightly costuliform but usually they consti-
tute rather large unequally- sized hexagonal areoles including
free clubbed veinlets, sori linear obliquely patent varying much
in length and in breadth commencing near the costa but
never extending to the margin. — Grammitis decurrens. Wall.
Cat. n. 5. Hook, and Grev.Ic. Fit. t.6. Selliguea, 7V. He-
mionitis pothifolia, Don, Prodr. Nep. p. 13. Selliguea, /. Sni.
Colysis, Fr. Epitn. Bot. p. 148. Polypodium, Metten. Polyp,
p. 103.

ITab. Nepal, Wallich, and all along; the Himalaya range from N.W. I5engal,
eastward to Sikkini, lioiitan, Khasya, Griffith, Hooker fit. and 7'/iowso» (alt. COOO
feet, Edyt'V'orth) ; Moiilnieine, Parish, n. 294 ; Luzon, Cumin;/, n. 53. China :'
Loochoo, Bccchey, C. ll'ritjht ; Hongkong, abundant ; Formosa, 5j/;(«/iOP. Japan:
Nagasaki, Oldham, who also finds a very abnormal state with fronds irregularly
laciniated.

5. Brainea, Hook.

Sori linear, simple or branched, usually on the veins which
form the costal areoles and on the bases of the free transverse
ones, often more extended and confluent. Vein.^ united so
as to form one scries of large oblong costal areoles, the rest

VOL. V. V

162 MENISCI UM.

free simple or forked. — Caudex erect, arborescent. Fronds
pinnated. Bowringia, Hook, olim, not Benth. and Champ.

An Indian Fern with an arborescent trunk, with the venation of Woodivardia
and gramniitidoid sori, which however often become confluent and more or less
acrostichoid.

1, B. insignis, Hook. Kew Gard. Misc. ix. p. .354 ; Moore,
Ind. Fil. ; Benth. Fl. Hongk. p. 460.— Bowringia, Hook.Keiv
Gard. Misc. v. p. 2.3. /. 2. Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 38.

Hab. Hongkong, Sir J. Bovn-inff, J. C. Braine, Esq., Dr. Harland, and others.
Eastern Bengal, Khasya, alt. 4000 feet. Hooker fil. and Tho7^tson.—l\\\s remark-
able fern lias a tree-like stem or caudex as thick as a man's arm, clotlied with
shaggy, dark-brown or ferruginous, long subulato-lanceolate scales. Stipites
stout, short, scarcely a span long. Fronds not unlike those of a Lomaria, firm-
coriaceous, bright-green, pinnated or occasionally below partially bipinnated.
Pinnse very numerous, close-placed, horizontal, 5-6 inches long, 4 lines broad,
from a cordate base, linear-oblong, gradually and finely acuminated, minutely
serrated. The sori are remarkable, confined to the costal arches or also running
up, the simple veins halfway or more towards the margin, often becoming con-
fluent. At present the only localities known are those above given.

6. Meniscium, Schreb.

(Hook. Gen. tab. XL.)

Sori oblong or linear or sometimes orbicular and geminate,
arising from the transverse connivent veinlets. Involucre 0.
Veins or costules pinnated from the costa ; veinlets numerous,
the opposite ones uniting in an arc or angle and sending out
from that angle a free or continuous veinlet. — Fronds simple
or pinnated. Too nearly allied to some species of Goniopteris
among Polypodieee.

1. M. simplex, Hook.; caudex long creeping paleaceous,
stipites distant stramineous 3-5 inches long of the sterile, a
span to a foot long of the fertile fronds, pubescent, fronds
simple subdimorphous firm-membranaceous subcoriaceous ;
sterile ones 6-8 inches long and 1^-2 inches broad; fertile
ones always much smaller; both are simple oblongo-ovate
acuminate sinuato-dentate cordate and hastate at the base
with a blunt apex, costa and venation pilose, transverse
veins connecting the costules 8-10 the prolonged interme-
diate vein continuous in the sterile frond, generally short
and free in the fertile one, sori globose or oblong sometimes
continued up the free veinlet. — Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. \.
p. 194. t. 11, Keiv Gard. Misc. ix. p. 834, Fit. Exot. t. 83.
Benth. Fl. Hongk. p. 457-

MEMSCIUM. 1G.3

Hal). China-. Uongkong, J/hidcs and others ; Chusan, Ale.va/i(h'r. N.W, coast
of Formosa, U'ilford. — Allied as this species certainly is to M. triphyllum, our
species, ii. .'i, and nnnieroiis as are my specimens of both, 1 find each very constant
to its character, exhibiting no intermediate forms.

2. M. ffi(/anteu/n, Metten, ; caudex?, stipes (in my only
specitnen) a foot long dark-l)ro\vn slightly pubescent upwards,
frond simple firm-meinbranaceous dark-green paler l)eneath
21 inches long 4 inches wide at the middle elongato-oblong
acuminated cuneato-subattenuated at the base oI)tusely sinu-
ato-dentate at tlie margin, costa stout downy, costules sui)hori-
zontal patent slightly curved U))wards slender .5 lines asunder
soriferous, transverse veins very numerous (as many as .57)
between the costa and margin slightly curved, the whole
length occupied by a linear continuous sorus, free veinlets
from the two united veins short never extending to those
above in my specimen. — Metten. in Fit. Lechl. p. 19.

llab. Shady moist woods, St. Govan, Peru, Lechler. — Extremely different, as
Mettenius observes, from the only other known undivided Meniscium, M. simplex,
and a very fine and remarkable species.

.3. M. triphyllum, Sw. ; caudex long creeping subulato-palea-
ceous, stipites pale-brown glabrous 4-5 inches long of the ste-
rile, a foot and more long of the fertile ones, fronds coriaceo-
membranaceous 3-5-foliolate subdimorphous, pinnce 3-5
inches long h an inch to 1 inch wide smaller and narrower in
the fertile frond, terminal pinna always the largest and long-
petiolate, all of them ol)long acuminate obtuse or cuneate or
subhastate at the base, the margin repando-dentate or nearly
entire, venation subj)ubesccnt beneath, soriferous veins 4-7-8
arched, the sori (apparently at least) solitary extending the
whole length of the transverse veinlet between the costules.
— Sw. Syn. Fit. pp. 19 and 206. Spreny. Analect. ui. p. H4.
t. 3. /. 20 [sterile) . Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 133. Hook, and Grev.
Ic. Fil. t. 120. Kze. in Schk. Fil. Suppl. p. 1\2. t. 52 [exct.
syn. and fi (jure of M. simplex. Hook.). M. erosum, Wall. Cat.
n. 62. M. cuspidatum, J. Sm. in Hook. But. Journ. iii. p. 395
{Cu7ning''s n. 178). M. Cumingii, Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 222.

Ilab. East Indies, China (.9M!ar/2). Syihet, WalUch ; Chittagong andCachar,
I looker fil. and Thomson ; Mishmee and Malacca, GrllJith. Luzon, Cuming, n. 1 7S,
and Leyte. »t. 209. Jiisa, lilume. Singapore, 7V/o.«. Xoi(!i. Ceylon, Dr. Emerson, Mrs.
(ipiieral Walker, Gardner, n. 1293. Whaiiipoa, China, C. U'rir/ht, Uance, n.
loll. — I cannot agree with Kuiize in including M. siwjjle.r m a mere simple form
of this species, nor in excluding " the figure and description and locality of
Ceylon ;" indeed my Ceylon specimens being better than any 1 had at that time
in my heibarium, my figures and most of the descrifjlions were (as there stated)

164 MENISCIUM.

made from them ; so that if they are wrong I liave not figured or described the
species at all.

4. M. saIic}foIium,WsL\\.; very glabrous, caudex ?, stipites
a foot or more long and as well as the rachis stramineous-
brown very glossy, fronds 1-H foot long subovate subcoria-
ceo-membranaceous pinnated, pinnae rather distant spreading
6-7 inches long 4-5 lines broad near the middle, linear-lan-
ceolate very long and finely acuminate and very much and
gradually and finely attenuated into the stipes, the margins
quite entire, soriferous veins 4-7 the prolonged veinlet short,
sori oblong formed of two confluent rounded ones. — ITalL
Cat. n. 63. Hook. Ic. PI. x. t. 990 {or Cent, of Ferns, t. 90).

Hab. Penang, Wallich, Sir Wm. Norris. Singapore, Hance, n. 990, Thos.
Lohb.

5. M. angustifolium, Willd. ; caudex short underground
erect or ascending, stipites subaggregated a span to 1-2 feet
long subpubescent at length glabrous (not glossy) subpalea-
ceous at the base, rachis and costse beneath always downy,
fronds firm-membranaceous dark-green 8-10 inches to 14
foot long 4-10 inches wide pinnated, pinnae 4-6 inches long
\-% of an inch wide alternate subpetiolate from a cuneate and
moderately attenuated base linear-lanceolate finely acumi-
nated quite entire at the margin those of the fertile fronds
always the narrowest, soriferous veinlets 6-8 between the
costules, medial prolonged veinlet continuous, sori oblong of
two confluent ones, capsules soon deciduous. — IVilld. Sp. PI.
v.p. 133.

Hab. S. America, Caraccas, " Bredemeyer ;" Venezuela, Fiincke, n. 445. Pa-
nama, Fendler. n. 423, Seemann, n. 377. Tarapota, Eastern Peru, Spruce, n.
3978. W. Indies : Jamaica, Purdie, Wilson, n. 510 ; Cuba,n. 781.— This is very
distinct in its much smaller size, subdimorphous fronds, narrow and quite
entire pinnse, from any South American species, and has a much closer affiinity
with the East Indian M. salicifolium.

6. M. pauciflorum, Hook. ; caudex a thick erect or ascend-
ing rhizome with copious wiry roots, stipites tufted 4 inches
to a foot long stramineous-brown and as well as the rachis
glossy, fronds very firm membranaceous dark-green 8-18
inches long 3-6 inches wide lanceolate acuminate pinnate
to the apex where it is often proliferous, pinnae numerous
patent Ij-Si inches long 2-3 lines wide near the middle
linear-lanceolate finely acuminate and finely attenuated with
a slender thickened pale margin very sharply coarsely and
regularly subspinulosely serrated chiefly near the middle.

MENISCIUM. 165

costa rather slcMider pron\inent beneath, veins indistinct above
slightly prominent and manifest beneath, each pair sends
out opposite branches whicii unite and form a costal areola
this united pair is prolonged to the margin and sometimes
a second areole is formed and thus there is a solitary or there
are two transverse veins which are soriferous, sori linear
parallel with the costa rarely interrupted and probably formed
by the union of two oblong confluent ones.

Hal). Sierra (le Crystal, tropical W. Africa, G. Mann, n. 1672.— This is quite a
new, and in many respects a very peculiar species, yet 1 think it can hardly be
separated from the genus Menisciuin. The transverse sori form one or two
series between the costa and the margin and parallel with them.

7. M. serratum, Cav. ; caudex ascending, stipites from the
thickness of a duck's to that of a swan's quill 1-3^ feet long
brown glabrous, fronds 1^-3| feet long coriaceo-chartaceous
dark-brown green when dry pinnated, pinnae 5 inches to 1
foot long i an inch to 2 inches wide from a generally broad
and obliquely cuneated mostly sessile base oblong gradually
acuminated, the margin strongly and sharply serrated, sori-
ferous veins numerous but varying in proportion to the
breadth of the pinna forming an acute angle or a slightly
curved line the produced veinlet short and interrupted or
continuous through to the margin, sori short and rounded or
elongated and composed of two confluent ones very copious
and of a bright snuff" colour.— "Car. Prcelect. 1803. p. 548?"
Sw. Syn. FIL p. 19. M. palustre, Ruddi, Fil. Bras. p. d. t. 20
{very accurate). Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 84. M. dentatum,
•' Pr. Delic. Prag. \. p. 162. n. 6."

Ilab. Tropical America, Brazil, Gardner, n. 15, 1905 (M. rostratum, Fee, Gen.
Fil. p. 224, t. 18, /. 3), Spruce, n. 36*. Guiana, Schomburgk, n. 459, Richard
Schombur(jk,n. 1674, Appun, n. 171, Sagot, n. 720. N. Granada, Hollon, n. 30.
Panama, Satton Hayes, u. 32. Mexico, Jurgensen, n. 917 (\1. Jiirgensenii, Fee,
Gen. Fil. p. 225).— Raddi's figure and description are perhaps the best authority
for this species, if indeed it be a species, of which I am very doubtful. 1 possess
not a few specimens on which I cam\ot decide whether they should be referred
to this or to M. reticulalum.

8. M. reticulatum, Sw. ; caudex stout erect or ascending,
stipites 1-3 feet long, fronds U-4 feet long [Spruce) rarely
subpubescent coriaceo-membranaceous pinnated, pinnae
5-6-12 inches long and from J of an inch to 3-4 inches
wide ; fertile ones sometimes contracted oblongo-lanceolate
acuminated the base obliquely obtuse or cuneately attenuated
lowest ones often petiolate, the margin generally entire or

166 MENISCIUM.

repando-dentate or obtusely crenate (not sharply serrated),
oostules horizontal very distinct, transverse soriferous veins
numerous but varying according to the breadth of the pinnae
prolonged into veinlets short or more generally continuous
to the margin, sori short and subrotund and appai-ently soli-
tary or geminate and more or less confluent into an ol)long
sorus or linear and extending in a more or less curved line
nearly from one costule to the adjacent one. — Siv. Syn. Fil.
p. 19. IFilld. Sp. PL v.p. 134. Schk.FiLp.5. t. 5. Poly-
podium, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1549. Plum. FiL p. 92. t. 110 (m-
correct as to so7-i). M. sorbifolium, Willd. Sp, PL v.p. 134.
Fisch. and Langsd. FiL p. 6. t. 3. Asplenium, Jacq. CoIL ii.
p. 106. /. 3./. 2. M. falcatum, Liebm. FiL Mex. p. 31.

Hah. Tropical America, Martinique, P/zowz'er, and West Indian Islands, g;enerally ;
Cuba, C. Wright, n. 782, etc. We^\co,Liebmann (M. falcatum, X?e4?K., and M. sor-
liifolium, V,'.var.). Venezuela, i^eH(^/e/-,M. 232, and Panama, Fe?K//e>-, n. 404. Peru,
Pwppig (from Kze.), Lechler, n. 1785. Tarapota, Spruce, n. 4645, and others.
Ecuador, alt. 3000 feet, Spruce, n. 5739, Jameson, Seemann, Wood. etc. Brazil,
Langsdorff, Moricand, n. 477, Gardner, n. 103 and 1904, Siiruce, n. 32**, 2141,
1243, Selloio ('• M. longifolium, A7. = sorbifolium, L. and F"). Surinam, n.
1828 (M. Kapleriauum, Fee, Gen. p. 223, Hostmann, Kapler). French Guiana,
Le Prieur, n. 1396 (probably M. Guyanense, Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 224).— A very
variable species, it must be acknowledged, and further observations may yet prove
that the Meniscium cmpidatum, of Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 102, t. 45, is in reality neither
generally nor specifically distinct from this ; yet, on the other hand, I have mate-
rials for showing that that plant is one and the same as Polypodium (§ Gonio-
pblebium) uropliyllam.. Wall. ! See our remarks on that species, at p. 10 of this
volume.

9. M. macrophyllmn, Kze.; " frond elliptical or oljlong mem-
branaceous glabrous pinnated, pinnae few alternate cune-
ato-decurrent at the unequal base upon the short petioles
which are dilated upwards acuminate, the margin sinuate and
slightly repand ; sterile ones elongato-lanceolate very large ;
fertile ones much smaller at both extremities much attenu-
ated, sori dense at length diffuse, costa and veins glabrous,
rachis and long stipes of both fronds tetragonous." — Kze. in
Schk. FiL Suppl. p. 93. t. 44. " Kze. in Comment, ad Martii
Herb. FL Braz. n. 362."

Hab. Brazil, Bahia, Blanchet, near St. Sebastian, Martins. Cayenne, Le
Prieur. — I possess no exactly authentic specimen of this plant, but I have from
Blanchet, a Brazilian Meniscium, without name, which entirely corresponds with
Kunze's figure and description ; but I cannot feel satisfied that it is specifically dis-
tinct from AI. reticulatum.

N.B. Our Meniscium Thwalfesii, briefly noticed in ' Filices Exotica;,' under
M. simplex, t. 83, appears to have iiivolucrate sori, and will probably have to be
referred to Axpleniece. It requires further investigation.

ANTROI'lIYl'M. 167

7. Antropiiyum, Ktfs.

(IIooK. Gen. Fil. tar. CIX. A. Ilcmioiiitis, And.
Acrostichuni, Auct. Pt)lytccniuin, Dcsv. Hook. Gex. Fil.
TAB. CVII. Scoliosorus, J/oo?Y'.)

Sori very long, linear, continuous, reticulated (but often
imperfectly), occupying for the most part the lateral veins
which form the areoles, hence their general course is perpen-
dicular, superficial, or very frequently sunk in a channel or
groove. Veins copiously and uniformly anastomosing into
elongated hexagonal areoles with no free included veins. —
Caudex short, creeping^ often densely toinentose. Fronds
simple, entire, flaccid, cost die or ecostate.

Chiefly distinguished from Ilemionith by habit and by the latter having the veins
everywhere soriferous. Anetium of SpHtgerber, which most authors combine
with AerosHchum, Fee considers an anomalous Anfrophyum. To me it seems
rather an anomalous Ilemionitis, in which genus Presl places it. Fee has elabo-
rated, with considerable care, the present genus Antrnphynm, and published
many good figures, and as I have not had the advantage of seeing many authentic
specimens of himself and others, 1 have felt it right in the main to follow his
arrangement and to preserve his species.

A. Sori sunk in a manifent groove. — Sp. 1-11.

1. A. callcefolium, Bl. ; "fronds coriaceous glabrous entire
wrinkled when dry, terminating in a long acuminated point, the
margin entire yellowish diaphanous, the base ending in a short
plane flat stipes, costa none or oidy conspicuous towards the
stipes, areoles hexagonal moderately large, sori linear sub-
continuous distinct immersed." Fee. — Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 83. t. 35.
Fee, Antroph. p. 42. A. reticulatum, 7, Moore.

Mab. Java, Blume, Zollinger, 6 inches to 2 feet long. — Unknown to me.
Blunie likens it to A. reticulatum, ditfering in the thickness and breadth of the
frond, in the narrowed pellucid margin, the straight sori not rcticulately connected.
Moore refers it to that species, and some of my specimens of reticulatum quite
accord with it.

2. A. Cuminr/ii,' Fee ; "stipes complanate twisted black
with a black line passing through it, fronds falcato-lanceo-
late sword-shaped ecostate wrinkled a1)ove, areoles very long
narrow, sori straight subreticulated much sunk, the margins
scariose resembling a spurious indusium." F'ee, Antroph. t.4.
f. 7' — Moore, Lid. Fil. excl. syn. Brack. A. latifolium,

"Reiniv." J. Sm. {no character or description).

Ilab. Luzon, Cutning, n. 410.— Our original specimens from Cuming measure
from 1-1^ foot long, 1 inch vvidc, and they have a distinct, broad, black, but not
elevated costa, extending upwards from the very short stipes. I have specimens

168 ANTROPHYUM.

from Java {De Vriese) in every respect the same, but wanting the dark-coloured
costa. It is, I fear, a dubious species.

3. A., semicostatmn, Bl. ; fronds soft coriaceous 8-1 8 inches
long including the very short stipes less than an inch long,
2-4 inches wide spathulate acuminate long-attenuated and
gradually and decurrently tapering below, veins very conspi-
cuous, areoles exceedingly elongated often 2-3 inches long,
costa broad compressed occupying only the lower part of the
frond, sori sunk yet rising above the cuticle very much elon-
gated and parallel rarely branched or anastomosing chiefly
following the course of the longitudinal veins. — Bl. Fil. Jew.
p. 77- t. 33. Fee, Antroph. p. 42. Hemionitis, Pr. A.
D'tlrvillagi, Bory. A. reticulatum, Wall. Cat. n. 40, in Herb.
Hook. A. alatum. Brack. Fil. U. S. ExpL Exped. p. 64.

Hab. Malay islands, Blume, Wallich (Penang), Wallace and Thos. Lohb
(Borneo), Cuming, n. 19 (Luzon). Ceylon, Gardner, n. 1307. Khasya, Griffith.
Pacific islands, abundant, Society Islands and Solomon's group, Fiji, Aueiteum (C.
Moore), and Navigators' Islands (Brackenridge).

4. A. Lessoni, Bory; *' stipes very short subtetragonous
thickened at the base, fronds ovoideo-oblong attenuated at
each extremity ecostate entire or here and there sinuate co-
riaceous, sori linear or catengeform rarely reticulated narrow
immersed." Fee. — Bory, in Voy. de la Coquille, p. 254. t. 28.
/. 2. Fee, Antroph. p. 45. A. plantagineum,i?/. Fil. Juv. p.

74. t. 30 [excl. the syns.) A. plantagineum, 8, Moore, Ind.

Hab. Islands of Waigiou, Amboyna and ^or&hordi, Lesson and D'Urville. Java,
Blume. Society Islands, Bidwill, Barclay. Fiji islands, Milne, Seemann. n. 77.
Coral Islands, Beechey (A. plantagineum, var., Hook, and Am.). — The true plant
of Bory, the A. plantagineum, of Bl. (not Klfs.), has ovate or oval fronds, more
or less acute or acuminate, 3-4 inches long, but some of our specimens take a
much more elongated form.

5. A. elongatum. Fee; "fronds elongato-lanceolate much-
acuminated ecostate stipitate submembranaceous pellucid
deep-green above, stipites plane, veins very slender, areoles
long narrow, sori linear simple flexuose some subcontinuous
others short and interrupted brown immersed ?" Fee, Antroph.
p. 43. Moore. A. parvulum, /S, elongatum, Bl. Fil. Jav.
p. 78.

Hab. Java, Blume. — A very dubious species even according to Fee's remarks,
of which Blume's figure {A. parvulum, a) represents fronds six inches long inclu-
ding the short stipes : but the same author says his var. ^ attains a length of \\
foot, and then it must much resemble A. Cumingii. — ^I possess an Antrophyum quite
agreeing with Blume's figure of var. a, except that our plant is a foot long (from
Aneiteum, Milne), but it has a more or less conspicuous midrib.

ANTUOl'HVUM.

1G9

6. A. reticulatmn, Klfs. ; " fronds lanceolate suljfalcate
acuminate, the margin flexuose ending at tlie base in a long
flexuose stipes, sori reticulated or subreticulated extended
over the whole inferior surface immersed." Fee. — Klfs. En.
Fil. p. 198. Fee, Aiitroph. p. 44. Rl. Fil. Jav. p.S\. He-
mionitis, For5/. Prodr. p. 79. Siv. Syn. Fil. pp. 20 and 208.
Schk. Fil. vi. t. 6. mild. Sp. PL p. 128. A. falcatum, EL
Fil. Jav. p. 76. i. 32 [atid Moore brings hither A, callcefoliuin,
Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 83. t. 35, our n. I).

Hab. Fee gives Society and Caroline Islands. Java and ttie Philippines, and ob-
serves tliat the species is rare in herbaria. Bluine recognizes four varieties, dis-
tinguished by the fronds being acuminate or obtuse, spatbulate or lanceolate,
simple or divided at the summit, so that it is difficult to say what should be in-
cluded under this species. My specimens, which I consider genuine, are from
10-18 inches long, and 1-1^- inch wide, and are from Java (Mirjuel), De Vriese
and Teijsmnnn, n. 341, 283, Blume (" A. falcatnm " and " A. reticulatum "). Pe-
nang and Misbmee, Griffilh. Assam, Griffllh and IVallich. Ceylon, Gardner,
n. 1229 ; one large specimen is bipartite and the apices have 2-3 large teeth or
segments, from Newera Elba, alt. 5-6000 feet, n. 1228 and 1305. Then I have
other smaller forms, with the fronds in general shape and size, between A.Lessoni
and this, which I hesitatingly refer to A.plantagineum.

7. A. nanmn, Fee; "fronds elongato-spathulate very ob-
tuse attenuated at the base wrinkled above, cuticle on the
upper side (in the Philippine Island specimens) with scat-
tered very minute dots, the margin entire, sori deeply im-
mersed obtuse linear thickish." Fee, Antroph. p.44. — Moore,
Ind. A. ohtnsam, Bl. Fil. p. SO. t. 94. f. 4 [excl.syn.]. Bory.
J. Sm.

TIab. J^vA, Bliimc.in [lerb. noxfr. Philippine Islands, " Cmwh!^, n. 81." — A
very small species, the spatbulate fronds not measuring more than 2 inches in
length ; in my specimen not more than 1 inch. I should doubt if it has attained
its full size.

8. A. co7'iaceum,Wa.\\. ; *' fronds lanceolate acute subsessile
ecostate plicato-rugose and pale-fulvous when dry thick sup-
ple acuminate at the apex furrowed beneath plaited above,
the base terminating in a plane stipes, sori situated in the
plicatures of the frond forming straight lines remotely con-
fluent." Fee. — A. coriaceum, IFuIl. Cat. n. 43. Moore, Ind.
Hemionitis, Don. Antroph. plicatum. Fee, Antroph. p. 44.
t. 5.f. 1. Solenopteris lanceolata, TFa//. in Cat. sub n. 43,
and in Herb, nostr.

Ilab. Nepal, on the trunks of trees, WalUch ; Kbasya and Mergui, Griffith.—

Grows in dense tufts; fronds very uniform, G-7 inches long, G-8 lines widcthick

and fleshy, no doubt, when fresh, wrinkled longitudinally when dry, sori much

elongated and parallel. This has a very distinct appearance from any other of

VOL. V. Z

lyO ANTROPHYUM.

the genus. Fee's specimens are from Griffith, and there is no douht of the species
being identical with the coriacenm, Wall, and Don.

9. A. plantag'meum, Klfs. ; "fronds lanceolato-stipitate
acute or acuminate, costa disappearing in the lamina only-
evident at the base, sori anastomosing occupying the whole
frond narrow and immersed, not quite extending to the mar-
gin, the furrow superficial/' Fee. — Klfs. En. Fil.p. 197- Bory,

Voy. de la Corpiil/e Hot. p. 254. t. 28./. 1, not Bl. " Hemi-
onitis, Cnv." Antroph. angustatum, Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl.
Exp. p. 63 ? (frond a foot long linear-lanceolate very mem-
branaceous).

Hah. " Philippine and Marianne Islands, Lesson and Gaudichaud." Society Is-
lands, Bidwill (stipites slender, 6-8 inches long, fronds 8 inches long, 1-1 5 inch
wide, elliptical-lanceolate). Tahiti, Niitfall and Brackenridge (" A. angustatum,"
Brack.). — Other smaller forms, hut with broader fronds and tapering much and
decurrently on the stipes, I am doubtful whether to refer to A. Lessoni or A. re-
ticulatum or to this species. They are from Ceylon, Gardner, n. 1173 (named
plantagineum hy Moore in my Herb.), and w. 1308. India: Mamhree, Wallich
(this also is called plantagineum by Moore; and Borneo, Thos. Lobb, Barber;
Moulmcine, Thos. Lobb). Moore indeed unites the ^. Lessoni, A. plantagineum,
and the still more different-looking A. angustatum. If this be correct, and I am
far from thinking it is not, there are I fear many others of the genus which will
not hear the test of specific distinction.

10. A., parvulum, Bl. ; "fronds shortly stipitate lanceolate
acuminate at both extremities submembranaceous ecostate,
sori nearly straight exposed (nudi)." Bl. Fil.Juv. p. 78. /. 34.

/'. 3 excl. /3. elongatum {not A. pumilum, Klfs.). Fee, An-
troph. p. 45, in part {excl. syn. Hemionitis immersa, Bory,
and the locality of Bourbon).

Hab. Java, Blume, in Herb, nostr. Penang, Thomas Lobb. Tahiti, Barclay.
Khasya, alt. 4000 feet, Hooker fil. and Thomson. — My specimens, from the author,
about 6 inches long, exactly accord with Blume's figure ; those from Khasya are
less than half the size. Moore expresses an opinion that the specimens are a very
young state of A. reticulatum, and this I think very possible ; but it has nothing
TO do with the A. pumilum of Kaulfuss. See our next species.— Solitary speci-
mens I further possess, of what I take to htA.parviduyn, from Penang and Tahiti,
one marked by Mr. Moore as ^' A. Grevillei, Balfour?" which is Polgtanium
Grevillei, jMoore, Ind. Fil. ; but I know not if a description or character is any-
where published.

{Bourbon and Mauritius. — Sp. 11.)

11. A. pumilum., Klfs. ; fronds 2-3| inches long h an inch
or a little more wide lanceolate suboblique coriaceous opaque
longitudinally wrinkled on the upper surface wdien dry ob-
tuse or subacute attenuated into a short stipes at the base
less than 1 inch long, costa none, sori linear reticulately
branched deeply immersed. — Klfs. En. Fil. p. 197- Hook.

ANTROIMIYUM. 17^

and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 46. A. Hookcrianum, Fee, Antroph. p.
46. Moore. Hemionitis, Pr. Tent. Pterid.p. 221. H. im-
mersa, Bory, in Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 127 {and in my Herb.).
Pr.

I lab. Bourbon, Bort/, in Herb, noslr. Mauritius, Carmkhacl, Bojer, and
others, evideutly comnioii tbere. — My numerous specimens are very uniform in size
and shape, and are well represented l)y Ur. Greville's beautiful figures in Ic. Fil. I
cannot but wonder therefore that Fee should consider it a new species and confer
my name upon it ; an<l still more, that Moore should assent to this, for he had the
oi)portunity of seeing on tlie same sheet Bory's Hemionitis immersa in my herba-
rium, and this is the original authority for the species. The excellent Kaulfuss,
no doubt, altered the specific name, which is inconsistent with its now generic
name.* It is singular that one of the best marked species of this difiicult genus,
as far as I yet know, should be so mis\inderstood. M. Fee, as already remarked,
has confounded the Bourbon plant with the P. parvulum of Blume.

B. Sori superficial. — Sp. 12-24.

12. A. subsessile, Kze. ; frond sessile membranaceo-coria-
ceous 6-14 inches long h-l\ inch wide spathulato-lanceolate
obtusely acuminate or rarely quite obtuse, from above the
middle gradually attenuated downwards and decurrent to the
very base, costate to the apex, costa slender prominent be-
neath, areoles large oblongo-hexagonal having an obliquely
patent direction, sori subsuperficial linear obliquely patent
elongated often forked but rarely reticulated. — K::e. Anal.
Pterid.p. 29. t. 19./. 1 {excellent). Fee, Antroph. p. AT.
Moore. A. Cayennense, Kze. in Linmea, ix.p. 78 {excl. syn.) .
A. discoideum, Kze. Bot. Zeit. \\. p. 702 {Fee). Hemionitis
Brasiliana, Desv. Antrophyum spathulatum, Fee, Antroph.
p. 46. t. 4./. 6.

Ilab. Peru, Pmppig ; Tarapota, Eastern Peru, m. 4640 (fronds obtuse). Ecuador,
Andes oi i^mio, Jameson, n. 704. New Granada, Morilz, n. 84. FeniUer,n. 305,
Schlim, n. Sbl, Linden, n. 71, Pitrdie, n. 1.3, Jurgenseii. Cul)a, C. Wright, n.
775.— A well-marked species, extremely unlike any of those of the Old World, most
allied to the following, A. Cayennense.

13. A. Cayennense, Klfs. ; stipites 1-3 inches long rather
slender, fronds coriaceo-membranaceous 6-10 inches long
1-1 4 inch broad oblongo-lanceolate shortly acuminate rarely
obtuse gradually tapering at the base into the stipes, costate
to the apex, costa slender prominent beneath, areoles large
oblongo-hexagonal erecto-patent, sori suljsuperficial linear
oi)liqucly patent elongated often forked but rarely reticulated.

* From avTpov, a cavern or cavity, and (pvta, I grow, because the sori are pro-
duced in cavities or clefts of the cuticle ; not, as Loudou has it, " because the
plant is found in shady caverns."

172 ANTROPHYUM.

—Klfs. En. Fil. p. 199, in note. Kze. Analect. Pterid.p. 30.
t. 19. f. 2 {very good). Heniionitis, De^v. Pi\ H. reticu-
lata, Raddi.

Hab. French Guiana, Richard, Le Prieur, Sagot, n. 1119; Guiana, ^os/rwann,
n. 1057, Schomburgk,n. 472, Appun. Brazil, Raddi. Para, Spruce, n. 31. Ama-
zon; San Gabriel, n. 2369 and 3027, Spruce (fronds much acuminated, the
former, n. 2369, remarkable for the " steel-blue tint when fresh." Antr. chaly-
bffium, Spruce's »?.?.). — Allied to A. subsessile, but truly distinct; both have a per-
current costa, and both have sori subsuperflcial, scarcely at all immersed.

14. A. Boryamim, Klfs. ; stipes 4-6 inches long broad-
compressed, fronds 4-6 inches long 2-2h wide oblong or
broad-oblpng lanceolate acute or sublobato-incised coriaceo-
membranaceous cuneate at the base and more or less attenu-
ated into the stipes, venation slightly prominent beneath,
areoles copious oblong hexagonal, sori superficial on the
veins not sunk readily deciduous. — Klfs. En. Fil. p. 199 {not
Bl). Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 74. Fee, Antroph. p. 49.
Bory, Voy. de la Coquille, Crypt, p. 255. t. 29. /. 1. Hemio-
nitis, Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 128. H. reticulata, Bory, Voy. i.
p. 214.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon, Borj/ and Bojer, in Herb, nostr., Carmichael,
Sieber, Fl. Mixta, n. 317. Island of Johanna, east coast of tropical Africa, Dr.
Kirk, Zambesi Exped. — If we take the samples figured for this species, as
given by Hooker and Greville, and Bory (I.e.), the species may be considered a
well-defined one. Carmichael's specimens are much smaller and narrower,
and have a very long attenuated base to the fronds. Bory's own specimen in
my herbarium is 17 inches long. 3 inches broad in the middle, and is yet broken
off before coming to the absolute base, and it has perhaps as much claim to be re-
ferred to A. giganteum as to the present species. Our specimen from Johanna
Island is quite that of the ordinary form.

15. h,. latifolium, 'BX. ; stipites 3-4-6 inches long com-
pressed 2 lines wide, fronds subcarnoso-coriaceous 3-7 inches
long 3-4-5 inches wide ovato-subrhomboidal or obovate
suddenly and sharply acuminated and sometimes subinciso-
lobate below the acumen, the base cuneate and rather sud-
denly attenuated into the stipes, costa none, venation mani-
fest, areoles very large oblongo-hexagonal subflabellately di-
rected most elongated in the disk, sori chiefly occupying the
disk very subsuperflcial elongated simple or branched rarely
reticulated. — Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 75, in note. Kze. Bot. Zeit. vi.
jy. 209. Fee, Jiitroph. p. 4S. Moore. A. Bory Si,num, B I. Fil.
Jav. p. 75. t. 3\ {excellent, exd. syns.), not of Hook, and Grev.
Hemionitis, Bl. En. Fil. Jav. p.Wl {excl. syn.). H. Blume-
ana, Pr. Tent. Pterid.p. 221.

ANTROPITYUM. 173

Hah. Java, Blume, Tfiox. Lobb. Mountains, north of Assam, Simons (communi-
cated by Dr. Thomson). — Our Java specimens exactly correspond with Blunie's
excellent figure, and are of a singularly ])ale-green colour, esi)ecially beneath : those
from Assam are more variable, some of the fronds quite pyiiform, and all of a
dark-brown colour, like that of our African A. Mannianum, from wliich however,
in other and more important particulars, it widely differs.

16. A. Mannianum, Hook. ; stipites 6-9 inches long com-
pressed slender not thicker than a crow's quill hlack, fronds
ample 5-10 inches long and often nearly as much wide firm-
membranaceous subpellucid brown-olivaceous when dry
rhombeo-rotundate suddenly and often caudato-acuniinate
coarsely sinuato-serrate at the superior margin and not un-
frequently laciniate ecostate rather suddenly attenuate into
the stipes, venation very conspicuous elevated subflabellate,
areoles large numerous oblongo-hexagonal, sori superficial li-
near-elongate more or less interrupted. — Hook. 2d Cent, of
Fertis, t. 73.

Ilab. West tropical Africa ; trunks of trees on the Peak of Fernando Po, alt. 3000
feet, n. 364, Cameroon Mountains, alt. 3-4000 feet, n. 1364, and Bagroo river,
G. Mann. — Unquestionably the finest species of the genus, distinguished by the
great breadth of the frond in proportion to its length, its submembranaceous
translucent texture, the coarsely irregularly serrated margin, and the slender
stipes. Under a lens the frond is seen to be very minutely pellucido-punctate.

17- A. latipes, Kze. ; "fronds coriaceous elongato-lanceo-
late acuminate yellowish when dry ecostate, stipes very broad
compressed having a broad central rib (mesoneuro lato pera-
grato), the margins waved thin, sori loosely reticulated in a
cleft of the lamina thick brown snuft'-colour, rhizome surcu-
lose, the scales very long narrow acuminate." Fee. — Kze. in
Fee, Antroph. p. 48. t. b.f. 2.

Hab. Java, Zollinger. — " A perfectly distinct species." The figure represents
fronds 12-14 inches long, %-\ inch i)road in the widest part above the middle,
tapering much at both extremities, witli few but very large areoles, 2^ and more
inches long, and 3 lines wide. It is unknown to me. Notwithstanding the ex-
pression of the "sori in rima laminarum siti," Fee places it in a section " sporo-
thecii.1 superficialibus."

18. A. obf.usu)ii, Klfs. ; "fronds sjiathulato-oblong sessile
or terminating below in a flat stipes very obtuse at the mar-
gin which is cartilaginous circumscribing the thick opaque
lamina, areoles narrow hexagonal, costa none, veins sculptu-
rate rugose on the under side and whitish." Fee. — K/f's. En.
Fil. p. 199 [not Blume). Bonj,in Voy. de la Co(]uille, j).25Ci.
/. 29./. 2. Fee, Antroph. p. bO. Hemionitis, /:{wr//, »« IVilld.
Sp. PL V. p. \27. Pr.

174 ANTROPHYUM.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon, Bory, Carmichael. Madagascar, " Perville." —
My specimen, from Carmichael, quite according with Bory's figure, may very well
be a narrow form of A. Boryanum, Klfs. The stipes is 6 inches long, the frond
10 by 2 inches wide.

19. A. ffiganttum, Borj ; "fronds sessile lanceolate ecos-
tate menibranaceo-cartilagineous acute at the base gradually
but broadly diminishing in width (basi lato-decrescentibus),
the margin undulate sometimes sublobate very large, veins
narrow long lightly sculpturate thickened on the inferior side
of the frond and longer and more rugose, sori subreticulated."
Fee. — Bo7y, Voy. Belang. Cr. p. 36. Fee, Antroph. p. 49. t. 5.

/.3.

Ilab. Mauritius and Bourbon, Bory, Sielier, Syn. Fil. n. 64, in Herb, nostr. —
Bory describes this species as differing from all others by its great size, attaining
a length of 18 inches. Neither he nor Fee give any really definite characters for
it. My own specimen from Sieber, n. 64, referred to by Fee, is 20 inches long,
4 inches broad in the widest part, and clearly has a stipes, thick and paleaceous
with membranaceous, lanceolate, and subulate setae ; but I am far from thinking
it may not be a form of ^. Boryanum, itself a very variable species.

20. A.? (sect. Digramma, Kze.) niphoholoides, Kze. ; " frond
2-3 inches long about 2 lines wide coriaceous rigid lineari-
lanceolate obtuse attenuated below into a short stipes revo-
lute at the margin above laxly reticulated elevato-venose,
sorus at each side of the costa linear deeply impressed at
length effuse and as well as the costa clothed with canescent
stellated hairs, caudex filiform very long creeping rufescent
at length albido-paleaceous sparingly radiculose." — Kze. in
Bot. Ze.it. vi. 'p. 209. Teenitis, Moore.

Hab. " Java, Zollinger, n. 2223. — Plant of doubtful genus; differing from Tee-
nitis in the immersed sori covered with stellated hairs ; from Vittaria in the sori
being close to the costa, as well as in the presence of stellated pubescence ; from
JS^iphobolus, with which it agrees in habit, in tb.e linear sori ; lastly, from Antro-
phyum in the solitary sorus on each side the costa, and not reticulately arranged
on the veins." Moore refers it to Teenitis.

21. A. ensiforme, Hook.; fronds quite sessile subcarnoso-
membranaceous flaccid subtranslucent a span to a foot long
6-8 lines wide subfalcate ensiform obtusely or sharply acu-
minated very broadly but obscurely costate tapering gradu-
ally in the lower half towards the sessile base where it is 3
lines wide, venation quite internal, areoles large the costal
ones elongated the rest oblong erecto-patent in direction,
sori also erecto-patent sunk in very shallow lines simple or
forked often short-oblong and interrupted, most copious to-
wards the margin, in age prominent and daik-brown. — Hook.

ANTROPIIYUM. 1/5

in Beath. PL Hartiv. p. 73 (1839). Hook. Ic. PL t. 394 (1841)
venation omitted. Scoliosorus, Moore. Antrophyum Gale-
ottii, Fee, Antroph. p. 51. t. 5./. 4. (1852). Hook. 2(1 Cent,
of Ferns, t. 70. A. falcatum, Mart, and Gal. Fit. Mex. p. 49.
/. 12 {not Blume).

Hal). Mexico, Galeol.ti, ITarlweg, n. 522 (alt. 10,000 feet). Guatemala,
Si-inner, and on mountains of Vera Paz, alt. 3300-5000 feet. Salvin.—\t is upon
this plant that Mr. Moore's genus Scoliosoi-ns was founded, and I fear, relying on
my incomplete figure in the ' Iconcs Plantarum,' considered the frond to he desti-
tute of veins. It is the most completely sessile of all the Anfrophi/a, and in my
finest specimens a hroad white hand runs up half the'length of the frond.

22, A. siibfalcatum, Brack. ; fronds scarceh'- stipitate not
more than ^-1 inch long 3-4 lines wide subcoriaceo-mem-
branaceous scarcely costate a slender costa only seen in the
lower half linear-lanceolate acuminate, from near the middle
tapering gradually into the short stipes, areoles in about 3 pa-
rallel series large and much elongated hexagonal, sori irregu-
lar linear-elongate in 2-3 parallel series more or less inter-
rupted or branched rarely reticulated moderately sunk yet
scarcely rising above the surface of the lamina. — Brack. Fit.
U. S. Expl. Exp. p. 65 (1854). A. Brookei, Hook. 2d Cent, of
Ferns, t. 79 (1861). A. Cumingii, Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 83.

Hah. Borneo, Thos.Lohb. Fiji Islands, Brackenridge {in Herb, nontr.), Milne.
Braclcenridge justly alludes to the close similarity in appearance of this and A. li-
neatum. The nature of the sori is very different, and it would be a Scoliosorus
of Moore.

23. A. lineatum, Klfs. ; fronds coriaceo-membranaceous
sessile 6-12-14 inches long \-h an inch wide linear-lanceo-
late finely acuminate subfalcate, from near the middle gra-
dually attenuated downwards and decurrent to the base cos-
tate for the whole length, costa slender prominent beneath,
areoles very much elongated parallel with the costa and mar-
gin, sori 4-6- rarely 8, 2-3 or 4 on each side the costa be-
tween it and the margin lodged in a deep furrow continuous
(as in Vittaria) or here and there the continuity is slightly
interrupted never branched nor forked. — Klfs. En. Fil. p. 199.
Fee, Antroph. p. 47. Hemionitis, Sio. Prodr. p. 129. Loxo-
gramme, Pr. Polytoenium lanceolatum, Desv. Prodr. in Journ.
Bot. i. p. 218. Ilook. Gen. Fil. t. 107 {costa omitted and re-
ceptacle of the capsules too prominent). Moore. Vittaria
lanceolata, Siv. Fl. Ind. Occ. \\\. p. 1603. Syn. Fil. p. 109.
Willd. Sp. PL p. 407. Schk. FiL t. 101.

Hah. Tropical America. Jamaica, Swarfz, Mensie.'i, Purdie. Cuba, C. U'rir//if,

I/O ANTROPHYUM.

n. 974, 977. Brazil, Gardner, n. 145. New Granada, Moritz, n. 140, Linden, n. 194,
Fendler, n. 304. Guatemala, Vera Paz, Salvin. Andes of Quito, Jameson, n. 426.
— Fee justly observes that " one might consider this a Vittaria, with numerous
sori."

24. A. lanceolatvm, Klfs. ; fronds sessile or nearly so firm-
membranaceous subpellucid a span to 14-16 inches long \-\
an inch wide linear-lanceolate acuminate tapering downward
gradually from about the middle nearly to the very base of
the compressed and winged stipes distinctly costate through-
out, costa slender slightly prominent beneath, areoles about
four series between the costa and the margin parallel with
them, those nearest the costa and towards tlie base are the
most elongated, sori narrow of few readily deciduous capsules
but superficial or nearly so more or less reticulated and follow-
ing the course of the veins. — Klfs. En. Fil.p. 198 {noi BL).
Fee, Antroph. p. 50. Moore, Ind. Fit. Hemionitis, Linn. Sp.
PL p. 1535 {excl. syn. of Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 20) . Schk. Fil. p. 6.
t. 6 and 18. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 127. Antrophyum Feci,
Schaffn. in Fee, Jme Mem. FiL Nouv. p. 42. /. 22./. 1.

Hab. West Indies, Swartz, Menzies, L. Guilding, C. Wright, n. 776 (accord-
ing to Eaton, but my specimens seem to he a young state of A. lineatum), Purdie,
Linden, n. 1397. New Granada, Moritz, n. 140. Mexico, Schaffner (smaller
and more lanceolate, A. Fcei, Schaffn.). Guatemala, Vera Paz, Salvin (same
form as the preceding). — This has very much the aspect of ^. lineatum, but the
fructification is quite different ; here scarcely sunk at all, and in no long-continued
straight lines.

8. Vittaria, Sm.

(Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXVIII. B. Tseniopsis, /. Sm.
Moore. Teeniopteris, Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXVI. B.
Haplopteris, Pr., Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. CXX. D. [copied
from Presl).

Sori very long, linear, continuous, simple, lying in a groove
at the very margin of the frond or near the margin and pa-
rallel with it on the under side, and then generally more su-
l^erficial. Involucre none, unless the lips of the soriferous
furrow can be considered such. — Fronds simple, linear, often
very much elongated and drooping, subcoriaceous, distinctly
or scarcely costate. Veins simple, pinnated, often obscure,
sometimes combined at the apex.

It is often very difficult, especially in the dried state, to see if the sori are
strictly marginal or intramarginal on the under side, and I cannot but think that
Fee has wisely united Tceniopsis, J. Sm., with Vittaria ; and my TcBniopteris is
undoubtedly identical with Teeniopsis. Here again, as m Antrophyum, I have

VITTARIA. 177

taken Fee as my guide; hut I wish I could satisfy myself thai his chaacters taken
from the spores and those from the " sporangiastcrs" (abortive capsules) were of the
same importance that he considers them to l)e. His species, too, are here adopted,
altliough authentically unknown to me ; and this I think only a jjroper compli-
ment to pay to one who has studied the subject so deeply.

§ 1. Sori superficial {supracuticulares). — T.enioi'sis, /. !>iii. 1-18.

A. Spores reniform. \-\'l

a. Fronds costaie. 1-8.

* Sporangiastcrs cyathiform or cupuVform. 1-9.

1. V. Amboinensis, Fee ; " fronds smooth submembraiiaceous
falcate acuminate tapering below into a petiole, costa slender
disappearing below the apex, veins curved equal approximate,
sori closely marginal, cuticle of the margin resembling a false
involucre, caudex flexuose contorted scaly, scales cancellate
rigidly toothed at the margin." Fee, P^ittur. p. 44. /. 1./. 1.

Hal). Amboyna, Lalillardiere. Martaban, Parish. — Fronds 4-5 inches long,
3-4 lines wide, exactly lanceolate. My sjjecimens from Martaban quite accord
with the figures and description of Fee, except that the veins are very obscure.
M. Fee observes that it well deserves the name of ensiformis, which Willdenow
liad given it in his herbarium.

2. V, loricea, Fee; "fronds pendulous flexile thick opaque
linear tapering below into a long striated stipes, costa nearly
plane not extending to the apex, veins matiifest on the frond
rather remote, sori marginal continuous with a broad sulcus,
spurious involucre thick, caudex creeping unequal, scales can-
cellate cinereous glossy lanceolate dentate at the apex verylong
entire." Fee, Vitiar. t. \.f. 2. — " V. planipes, Kze." Metten.

Hah. Java, " Zollinger, n. 1001." — "One of the longest species of the genus
(2 feet long, 5 lines wide), easily recognized by the breadth of the soriferous groove
(canal) which receives the sori." I possess specimens fiom Griflith, from Eastern
Hengal, which sufliciently accord with the figure and description of this Vittaria ;
but the veins arc here also very obscure and quite undistinguisbalile externally.

.3 ? V. Forbesii, Fee, Vittar. p. 15. — Teeniopteris, Hook. Gen.
Fil. t. 7fi B. [analysis and name cnh/).

Hah. Mozambique, Forces. — See remarks on the following species, V. Zeylanica.

4. V. Zeylaniea, Fee ; " fronds lanceolato-linear acute mem-
branaceous and pellucid gradually attenuated at the base
flexile pendulous, costa coloured robustprominenton theunder
side, canaliculate on the upper side nearly plane towards the
apex, veins equal brown forming a very acute angle with the
costa, sori continuous in a broad sulcus." Fee. V'lttar. p. 45. /.
1./". .3. — Ilaplopteris scolopendrina, Pr. Tent. Pterid. j). 141.
t. 5./. 21. Teeniopteris Forbesii, Gen. Fil. t. 70 B. Pteris
scolopendrina, Bory, in ll'illd. Sp. PL v. p. 141. Sw. Kyn. Fil.
/>. 94. Bory, Voy. \\. p. 32-4.

VOL. V. 2 a

178 VITTARIA.

Hal). Bonrbon, Bory. Mozambique, Forbes. Ceylon, Mrs. Gcnl. WaJcer, n.
210. — Fronds 2 feet long, 9 lines wide. Candex creeping, paleaceous with subu-
late scales. I possess specimens from the same source as M. Fee's (Ceylon),
bearing the same number, 210. M. Fee compares it with my Tanioptcris, and
justly, for I have now long been aware that that genus, published when Vittaria
was scarcely known (except as having the sori in a 2-lipped groove formed in the
very margin of the frond), is one and the same with Tceniopsis of J. Sm., which in-
cludes those VitiaricB wliich have the sorus on the under surface at a greater or
less distance from the margin. Believing it then to have the characters of a
genus, I gave it also a sjjecific name ; but my original specimens having gone
astray, I willingly abandon the name of species as well as of the genus. Haplo-
ptcris scolopendrina, now considered l)y J. Smith to be a Tcp.mopsis, and being a
Bourbon species, is identical with my plant from Mozambique.

5. V. Gardneriana, Fee; "fronds lanceolato-linear falcate
often curved attenuated at both extremities translucent espe-
cially the sterile ones plane at the margin, veins sculpturate
al>ove not extending to the margin, sori broad superficial
gibbose fusco-tabacine neither continued to the apex nor to
the base, caudex creeping/' Fee, Vittar. t. 3./. 1. — Metten.
in Fil. Wright, et Fendl. p. 197-

Hab. " Organ Mountains, Brazil, Gardner, n. \47 (Herb, nostr.). Columbia,
Moritz, n. 1426." Venezuela, Fevdler, n. 260. Panama, Sutton Hayes. Ecua-
dor, Jameson, w. 749, Spruce, n. 4670 and 5710. Jamaica, M'Fadyen. — Rarely
exceeding a foot in length ; about \ <'f> i"ch in the broadest part. A species, if
it be such, apparently with no valid characters.

6. V. Ruiziana, Fee; "fronds narrow-linear soft fascicu-
late plane opaque acute attenuated below into a flattened
stipes, costa evident at the base of the frond broad reddish
at length subevanescent, sori interrupted brown snuff-colour
when young concealed within the margins of the frond, the
sulcus superficial, fertile veins slender, caudex surculiform
clothed with cancellate lanceolate acute scales." Fee, Vittar.
p. 16. t. 3./. 3.

Hab. "Peru, Ruiz." — "Fronds, including the stipes, 25 centim. long, by 2-3
millim. broad. This species is perfectly distinct. It has some affinity with F.
stipitata ; the microscopic details are the same. It is recognized especially by
the flattened stipes and by the superficial situation of the sori."

7. V.fle.vuosa, Fee (not Wallich) ; "fronds linear flexuose,
margins revolute tapering into a striated flattish stipes, costa
subcristiform, sori near the margin broad brownish snuff-co-
lour, capsules globose, annulus broad 18-20-articulate, arti-
culations bread more remote, spores reniform thick smooth
depressed when dry, sporangiasters cyathiform and campani-
form sulphur-coloured dilated at the mouth, pedicels undu-
late branched, caudex creeping, the scales very narrow-Ian-

VITTARIA. 179

ceolate loncj acuminate serrated at the margin." Fee, Vittar.
p. IG.— " IVulL Cat. n. 144. V. flexuosa, IVaUr (hut n. 144
in Wall. Cat. in " V. elongata,^' not jlexaosa, ^ml Dr. Hooker
and Mr. J. Smitli have considered a large suite of the same
collected by Hooker fil.and Thomson to be the true eloiifjata,
Svv. ; but M. Fee maintains that the sori are " supracuticu-
laires," while they are " endophylles," sunk in the substance,
not necessarily in the very margin in V. elongata, and hence
EiwUtana. Whatever this Vittaria may be, it is not authen-
tically known to me.)

8. \. stipitata, Kze. ; ''fronds broad-linear flexile rather
obtuse yellowish tapering below into a brown glossy fragile
long attenuated stipes, costa at the thickened base of the
frond (only) manifest evanescent above, sori extramarginal
the cleft 2-lipped (sporotheciis hiantibus), caudex thick (rhi-
zomate denso) clothed with lanceolate brown scales." Fee. —
Kze. Analect. Pteridoyr. p. 28. t. 18. /. 1 [exdudimj the ad-
jacent analysis). Fee, Vittar. t. 3./. 8 {analys'is only),

Hal). Peru, Poepp'ui, in Herb, nostr. Tarapota, Spruce, n. 4773. Columbia,
Morif.:. n. 143, Purdie. Schlbn, n. G23 and 631, Fendler, n. 269 and 259 ;3, Ilol-
ion, n. 60. lirazil (Fee). Pitcaini's Island, Mathews, Caming, n. 1380. — Often
2 feet long, 3-4 lines wide, very fragile when dry. Kunze has represented the
venation as anastomosing with long narrow areoles, which is not the case in Poep-
pig's original specimens; but, in reality, his analysis placed by and for V. sUpi-
lata belongs to Kunze's V. costata of the same plate, which is Tcenilis aiujus-
tifolia.

/3. Frond with the costa pinnate.* 9-12.

9. V. tenera. Fee ; " fronds thin narrow linear flattish sul-
cate flexile acute young ones very obtuse, veins reticulated
slender translucent tapering below into the stipes, costa
slender, sori marginal, sulcus very narrow extending from
the base to the apex of the frond, fronds fasciculate, scales
large cancellate toothed at the margin, younger ones ol)tuse
pellucid, veins per conniventiam anastomosing." Fee, Vittar.
p. 17. t. 2./. I.

Ilab. Natal, South Africa, Gueinzius. — Length 1 foot, width 1-1 J line, as re-
presented on the plate. Whatever this may be, and I have no means of know-
ing, it is doubtless included in the V. lineatain Pappe and Rawson's Syn. Fil. Cap.
p. 38, in Gueinzius's locality for that species. None of these exceed 5 inches in
length and 1 line in breadth. M. Fee, indeed, tells us that the V. tenera " n'cst
pas sans analogic avec le V. lineata, mais elle est plus etroite, plus flexible, plane

* This character of M. Fee ("frondidus mesorienro dentatis ") is ])laced in oppo-
sition to that at a in our preceding page (" frondit/iis mesoneuro donalis"), but it
appears tome, from the figures given by the author (11. cc), that the costa or me-
soneure is alike pinnated in both.

180 VITTARIA.

et transparente ; en outre, lessporangiastres sont claviformes, tandis qu'ilsont I'as-
pect de rubaiis tortilles dans le V. Uneata."

** Sj)orangiasfcrs cucuUiform.

10. V. sarmentosa, Fee; "fronds graminiform narrow-
linear plane striated opaque rather strict fasciculate narrower
at the base, sori continuous very narrow striaeform remote
from the margin, caudex surculiform clothed with narrow
acuminate dentate scales/' Fee, Vittar.p. 19. "V. gramini-
folia, Klfs. En. Fil. p. 192.''

Hab. " Trees, Cape of Good Hope, Mundl and Maire. Natal, Gueinzius —
" Cette espece differe du V. tenera, par des sporangiastres rubanes et non cyathi-
formes. Cest par I'aspect que prennent ces memes corps qu'oii peut etablir quel-
ques-uns des caracteres qui le suparent du V. lineata."

*** Sporangiasters intestinccform. 11, 12.

11. V. lineata, Sw. ; "fronds fasciculate rugoso-striate nar-
row-linear, the margins reflexed and thus canaliculate at
length nearly flat and striated, sori continuous near the
margins frequently concealed by the convolute margins of
the frond, caudex bearing fasciculated fronds, scaler lan-
ceolate long acuminate toothed at the margin." Fee, — Sw.
Syn. Fil. p. 109. fVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 404. Schk. Fil. p. 93.
/. 101.1^. Fee, Vittar. p. 17- Tseniopsis, J. Sm. Pteris,
Linn. V. Schkurii, Raddi. V. angustifrons, Mich, [not Bory).
V. filiformis, Cav. Sw. Willd. — Var, /3, graminifolia, Fee, I. c.
p. 18. Teeniopsis graminifolia, J. Sm. in Hook. Bot. Journ. iv.
jj. 67. Vittaria sarmentosa, Ruiz, Hcenk.

Hab. "Trunks of trees, Brazil, South Carolina, Florida {Captain Le Conte),
French Guiana, Jamaica, Antilles, and various tropical regions of America.
;8. Peru, Brazil, and probably in various countries of tropical America." — " Le
V. Uneata est I'espcce la plus anciennement connue, et celle sur laquelle il existe
le plus de vague et d'incertitude dans les descriptions.* Nous la croyons exclu-
sivement americaine." Such are the unsatisfactory conclusions at which the
most laborious of modern pteridologists has arrived respecting a Vittoria which
was supposed to have had its specific prototype in almost all the warm parts of
the globe, and I fear many other Vittarice are not more satisfactorily defined.
1 must here enumerate numbered specimens, most of whicli myself and others
have been in the habit of considering V. lineata : — Brazil, Gardner, n. 72, 146,
1327, Sellow (" V. squamosa, Kl., which M. Fee is disposed to refer to V. sca-
Irida), Spruce, n. 4 ; Guiana, R. Schomburgk, w. 354, Appun, n. 1G2 ; Columbia,
Cuming, n. 1202, Schlim, n. 396, 852, Fendler,n. 258, Moritz, n. 14)^; Nicara-
gua, C. Wright; Ecuador, /a/wesow, h. 357 ; Cuba, Otto, n. 302, C. Wright, n.

* " Nous regardons coinme ctant le V. Uneata toute espece qui nait en touffe
sur une souche pen disjjosee a progresser, ayant des lames convolutees en leurs bords
par la desiccation, et prenant alors une apparence canaliculee, des sporotheces
marginaux replies en dedans et des sporangiastres rubanes. Aucune (autre) espece
ne reiuiit ces caracteres." Fee.

VITTARIA. 181

8(35; Jamaica, JJ'^if.io.i, n. 5tt; Mexico, Lichinaiiii {V. grmnlniroUa.) ; South
Africa, Sanderson (Natal), Dri'i/p ; Caledoti, Sir Fred. Gray, Pappe and Rawsoa ;
Tropical Africa, Fernando Po, alt. 4000 feet, (J. Minn; Qiiorra, linrler, n. 1825 ;
south of the Line, Carror ; East Indies, lliuialaya, 30)0-8000 feet, Ilnok. pi.
and Thomson, Stracltetj and Wuilerhottom, Ori//ifh; Borneo, Barber, Wallace;
Singapore, Tlios. Lobb, G. Tliotuson. Tiiis is the only species admitted into the
' Cape Flora ' by Pappe and Uawson, and prol)al)Iy correctly so.

12. V. angitst'ifolia, Bl. ; "fronds eoostate very long rigid
attenuate convolute when dry scarcely narrower at the con-
torted base rigid fragile narrow coriaceous opaque and striated,
sori marginal brown, caudex slender creeping with distant
fronds, scales criniforni long acuminate brown, veins thick."
Fee.—Bl. En. F'd. Jav. p. l'J9. Fte, Vittar. p. IS. t. \.f. 4.
/. Sm.

Ilab. Java, Bliane. Malacca, Cuming, n. 381. — I-I2- foot long, 1} line broad.
" EUe a quelques rapports avec le V. lineata ; les marges sont cgalement convo-
lutees, mais la presence d'un rhizome charge d'ecailles a bords entiers, la rigiditc
du port et les courbes que forraent la base des frondes, ne permettent pas les cou-
fondre." Fee. With this I am unacquainted, and I do not appear to possess spe-
cimens above referred to from Mr. Cuming.

B. Spores Irigonous or tricdrous. 13-17.
* Sporangiasters cyalliiform. 13, 14.

1.3. V. isoetifolia,'QoxY ', "fronds fasciculate very long nar-
row rigid coriaceous opaque striated canaliculate ecostate, the
margins a little incurved scarcely narrower at the base, sori
continuous marginal and endophyllous especially in the su-
perior part of the frond, caudex surculiform creeping branched
clothed with thick fulvous tomentum, the scales lanceolate
acuminate toothed at the margin." Fee. — Bory, Itin. W.p. .325.
Sw. Si/n. Fit. p. 109. IVUlcl. Sp. PL v. p. 405. Fee, Vittar.
p. 19. t. 2./. 3. — Var. /8, angustifrons ?, Bory {Fee).

Ilab. Mauritius and Bourbon, Bory {Fee). — Often 3 feet and more long,
scarcely more than a line in width. "Differs from all the species with narrow'
fronds in the sori being situate quite at the edge of the frond, so as to appear en-
dophyllous." I regret never to have received a Vittaria from Mauritius or Eour-
bon which I could refer to the figure of Fee.

14. V. GuineensiSy'Desv.; " fronds lanceolate long acumi-
nate costate revolute at the margin stipitate, stipites subro-
tund very black glossy, sori near the margin snuff-colour,
caudex creeping thick as a crow's quill, scales lanceolate
dentate." Fee, Vittar. p. 19. — " V. pluntaginea, Spreng., nut
Bory."

Ilab. Oware, tropical West Africa, Beauvois. — " Length 5-GO centim., breadth
7-1) centim."

182 VITTARIA.

** Sporangiasters mastoid, claviform. 15, 16.

15. "V. stricta, Carm. Herb.; fronds linear coriaceous
opaque thick rigid striated, costa broad, margins revolute ob-
tuse at the apex the base stipitiform, sori rather remote from
the reflexed margin deeply immersed, caudex creeping scaly,
scales cinereous lanceolate very long-acuminate the margin
entire." Fee. — Carm. in Linn. Trans. xW.p. 513. V. revoluta.
Fee, Vittar. 21. 19. Pteris vittarioides, Thouars, FL Trist.
d'Acimha, p. 31. t. 1.

Hab. Tristan d'Acunha, Du Petit Thouars, Carmichael, in Herb, nostr. — My
specimens are 1 foot to IG inches long, IJ scarcely 2 lines wide. Petit Thenars'
specimens appear to have been very small. Fee compares them to the pods of
Vanilla.

16. Y. filifolia, Fee ; "fronds linear acute tapering below
into a long fihform fructiferous stipes, sori extraniarginal
when young covered with a plicature of the margin, sulcus
broad occuj)ying a third part of the lamina running from
the base to the apex, caudex thick the scr les brown lanceo-
late denticulate flexuose at the margin." Fee, Vittar. p. 20.
t. 3./. 6.— Teenitis linearis. Mart, and Gal. Fil. Mex. p. 144
[Fee).

Kab. Columbia Linden {iyi Herb, nostr.), Jurgensen. Mexico, Galeotti, n.
6337. Guadeloupe, etc. — 10-12-14 inches long, httlc more than a line wide.
I fear this may be found in not a few herbaria under the name of lineata ; but M.
Fee tells us it differs from that and isoetifolia and tenera by the trigonous or cor-
diform spores.

*** Sporangiasters cuculliform. 17.

17. Y . scabrida, Kl. ; fronds linear more or less obtuse
and more or less elongated, veins spathulate, sori flexuose
continuous, sulcus deep (sulco cavo), the margins subindusi-
form, scales lanceolate toothed at the margin." Fee. — Kl. in
Fee, Vittar. p. 20.

Ilab. Brazil, Sellow. Mexico, Schiede. — The fronds of my specimens from
Dr. Klotzsch are 2 inches long, 1 line widein the broadest part, tapering gradually
downwards so as to be subspathulate.

C. Spores rounded (sjjorangiasters none). 18, 18*.

18. Y.falcata, Kze.; "fronds rigid thick acute, costa con-
tinuous, caudex erect fibrillose, sori endophyllous, the margin
of the sulcus gaping." Fee, Vittar. p. 20. /. 4./. 1.

Ilab. Java (Fee). Mount Ophir, Malacca, Griffith, in Herb, nostr. — " Fdix
pnsilla, habitu Tcenitidis linearis. Les frondes sont cpaisses et portees par uu
caudex dressee. On ne pent le confoudre avec nulle autre." The fronds of our
plants are 3-5 inches long, 1 2 line wide. The caudices are certainly erect.

VITTARIA. 183

IS*. V. minor, Fee; "fronds linear costate obtuse taper-
ing at the base into a short stipes, sori apicular broad exactly
marginal in a deep sulcus, sporangiasters none/' Fee, Vitfar.
ji. 2:3. t. 4./. 2. — Var. /3, minima. Hook. ; fronds 1 inch long
less than \ a line wide.

Hah. Philippine Tslinds, Cunilnr/, n. 381 {in part, I a line wide, Fee). Bor-
neo, Sarawak, on mountains, alt. 2500 feet, Thos. Lobb, in Herb. nostr.—Var. p.
Moulmeine, Pat'inh. — My specimens from Borneo are IX-^ iiiclics long, scarcely
more than a line wide ; the caudex is erect as in V. falca/a, and it is probably
too near that species.

§ 2. Sori endophyllous. — Euvittaria. 19-21.
a. Fronds costate. 19, 20.

19. V. zostera'foVia, Bory; "'fronds vittate broad linear-
falcate at the apex dilated tapering below into a long stipes
llexuose membranaceous subdiaphanous brown when dry,
costa extending from the base to the apex, sori concealed in
the mesoj)hyl of the frond, caudex creeping densely palea-
ceous with very long subulato-setaceous erect iridescent scales
black lanceolate can eel late, the margin flexuose." Fee. — Bonj,
Itin. i.'p. 238, and ii. j). 324. Willd. Sp. VI. v. 'p. 406. BL
En. Fil.Jav.p. 200. Fee, Vittar.p. 20. t. 2./. 2. Metten.FU.
Nov. Caledon. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ath ser. xv. p. 59.

Hab. Bourbon, Borij. JTanritius, Sieber, Si/n. Fil. n. C3, aiid Bojer {snh noni.
V. isoetifolia). .Tobanna Island, Speke. Owhyhee, Menzies, in Herb, nos/r.
New Caledonia, Vieillard, n. 1577, in Herb, nostr. {from Mettenius). Fernando
To, east tropical Africa, G. Mann, n. 124 and 1366, alt. 4000 feet. Sierra
Leone, Barter. — This is a true Vittaria ; the sorus is in the cleft of the margin,
yet the two sides or valves of the cleft are unequal in breadth, shortest on the
under side, so that the sorus is brought more into view by looking at the under
rather than the upper side, and also in consequence of a rccurvature of the margin
in the dried state.

20. V. bisulcnta, Kze. ; " fronds narrow linear thick opaque
narrower at the base, costa conspicuous as far as the middle
of the frond blackish when dry, caudex creeping flexuose,
sori endophyllous the lips of the cleft contracted, the mar-
gins preserving the aspect and consistence of the frond."
Fee.— Kze. in Fee, Gen. Fil. t. 8. B.f. 2. Vittar. jo. 21.

Hal). Java, '* Zollinger, n. 867." — "Fronds 14-16 centim. long, 2 millim.
broad. Cette plante ne pent c-tre confondu avec nulie autre, etant la seule qui,
dans cette section, ait, avec le V. zostercefolia, un mesoneure (costa) apparent."
With this I am unacquainted.

p. Fronds ecostate. 21-24.

21. V. Otvariensis, Fee; "fronds fasciculate convolute
linear long ecostate thick opaque greyish when dry fragile,

184 VITTARIA.

sori marginal rather wide deeply seated brown, caudex sur-
culiform, scales lanceolate acute the margins su1)entire." Fee,
Vittar.p. 2\. L3.f.2.

Hab. Oware, tropical West Africa, Palisot de Beauvois. — This also is unknown
to me, and even the learned author desires to see better specimens to confirm tlie
sufficiency of the characters. It is certain, however, that the fragment figured
of the frond does not show it to be destitute of costa.

22. V. rigida, Klfs. ; " fronds fasciculate rigid coriaceous
opaque ecostate subensiform striato-rugose above, smooth be-
neath, acute at the apex terminating below in the stipes red-
dish-brown when dry, sori endophyllous superior lip of the
cleft subpatent (sublevato) in form and aspect reseml)ling an
involucre, sulcus deep, caudex creeping the scales lanceolate
narrow-acuminate." Pee. — Klfs. En. Fil. p. 193. Bl.En.Fil.
Jav.p.199. Fee, Vittar.p. 22. V. plantaginea, i/oo^. e/ Grei?.
Tc. Fit. t. 187 ("fragmenta et diagnosis optima," Fee), an
Bory, Siv., et Fee ? — Var. /3, elongata ; " fronds elongated,
longer, flexuose, pendulous, scarcely ensiform." Fee, Vittar.
p. 22. /. 3./ 5. V. elongata, Siv. 'Syn. FiL p. 199 and 302.
Willd. Sp. PI. V. p. 406, " a little longer and narrower than
the typical plant." — Ynr. y, ens if 07'mis ; "fronds short, thick,
acute, opaque, ensiform falcate." Fee, Vittar, p. 22. Sw. Syn.
Fil.p. 109. Nov. Act. Soc. Nat. Berol.p. 134. t. 7./ 1. Willd.
Sp. PI. V. p. 406. Schk. Fit. t.lOl.b [reduced) . Bl. Fil. Jav.
p. 198 [by error named ensUoYm). "Size of the fronds half
the length of the type and narrower.'^ — Var. B, intermedia,
Bl. ; " fronds erect subfalcate linear attenuated rigid slightly
costate revolute at the margins, sori marginal, caudex creep-
ing paleaceo-crinite." Fee, Vittar. p. 22. V. intermedia, Bl.
En. Fil. Jav. p. 199.

Hab. Sandwich Islands. Chamisso. — "Var. /3. "East Indies, Marianne Islands,
Java, etc., Wallich, n. 1432 {V. rigida), n. 144 {V. elongata).'" — Var. y. "Java,
Bhime." — I do not understand the limits of this species and V. zostercp folia.
Although the latter ought to be ecostate, the former costate, I find the costa to be
more or less evident in specimens which I should otherwise consider identical.
Specimens from the following localities stand in my herl)arium as V. rigida, Klfs.
(including V. plantaginea, Hook, and Grev. (an Willd. et Foe?), V. elongata.
Sw., V. ensiformis, a.x\A, I presume, V. intermedia, Bl. (not Brack.): — Society
Islands, Menzies, Beechey, Brackenridge, etc.; Sandwich Islands, Hillelrand ;
Sa.moa., Powell ; Yifi, Seemann, n. 719, 720, Milne, Brackenridge {''V. planta-
ginea'") ; New Hebrides, Milne; New Caledonia, Vieillard ; tropical east coast
of Australia, All. Cunningham, C. Moore ; Norfolk Island, C. J. Simmons;
Mauritius, Bq/er, Gardner; Bourbon, Borg ; East India, Singapore, Wallich, n.
142/2, Thos. Lohb ; Kumaon, Strachey and H'interbottom ; Boutan, iVw^^aW;
Assam and Khasya, Simons, Hooker fil. and Thomson.

T^NITIS. 185

23. V. plantaginea, Bory ; " fronds linear-lanceolate ensi-
form acuminate subtranslucent soft and subpapyraccous pale
vinous colour when dry tapering below into a depressed plane
base, sori subendophyllous brown-snuff colour, sulcus dilated,
caudex as thick as a pigeon's quill, the scales narrow cancel-
late long setaceous at the apex lanceolate subentire at the
margin." Fee. — Bory, It'm.'n. p. ^25. Sw. Syn. Fit. p. 110.
IVilld. Sp. PL V. p. 406 ; not Hook, and Grev. {Fee) . Fee,
Vittar. p. 22. t. S.f. 7 {fragments only, but surely a costa is
represented, at letter B. a, at variance with Fee's remark,
" privee absolument de mesoneure").

Hal). " Bourbon and Mauritius, Bon/ ; also in the Marianne Islands." — " Total
length of the frond 20-23 centini., 4-G uiillini. wide. Near V. zoslercpfolia,
hut smaller, and in drying it becomes of a decided straw-colour. Other dif-
ferences exist in the form of the fronds and their consistence ; the scales,
too, are not exactly similar. Its affinity with V. rigida is more easily shown,
which latter is rigid-coriaceous, opaque, and brown when dry ; the scales differ in
form, and the position of the sori is not quite identical." And thus on account of
these slight differences. Dr. Greville's and my figure V. plantaginea, \n Ic. Fil. (so
much praised by M. Fee), though done from an authentic specimen derived
from M. Uory, is pronounced not to be Dory's plant, and is united to V. rigida !
To this union I offer no objection ; so far from it, we declared that we did not
see how the species could be satisfactorily distinguished from V. elongata, Sw.,
and V. emiformis, now justly considered the same as rigida.

24. V. anodontolepis. Fee; "fronds elongated narrow de-
pressed and scarcely narrower at the base, sori marginal sub-
endophyllous rather broad brown-snuff colour continuous,
caudex creeping, scales cinereous lanceolate very long acumi-
nate entire at the margin." Fee, Vittar. p. 23. t. 4./. 3. V.
isoetifolia, Willd. Herb. Berol. {Fee).

lliib. Graham, Marianne Islands, Chami.i.io. — The figure represents tiie fronds
unusually slender, the longest 13 inches long and 1 line wide, the siiortest 4-5
inches long, but broader upwards (probably sterile), so as to be there 2 lines
broad. " Distinct from V. isoetifolia in habit, in the scales, and in the form of
the sporangiasters, which are cyathiform and not claviform."

(M. Foe gives the following additional species in his 7me Mem. Foug. Nouv. p.
26. t. 20. f. 1, hut I do not know its proper place in the above enumeration: —
" V. remota. Fee; fronds linear-lanceolate attenuated at the base and the apex
slightly curved acuminate fascicled, petioles plane flexuose rufesccnt, costa con-
tinuous broad at the base and brown, margins with a few thick teeth, sori super-
ficial brown distant from the margin, cajjsules oval, annulus with 20-22 articu-
lations, spores large reniform, sporangiasters scyphuliform." Fee. llab. New
Granada, Schlim,n. 611. — " Rcsemh\es Pleropsis angtcstifolia, Desv., but Ihe veins
are those of Vittaria.'")

9. T/ENITIS, SlV.

(Hook. Gen. Fil. tau. LXVII. B. Pteropsis, Pr.

186 TiENITIS. /

Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXVIL A. Dicranoglossum, J. Sm.
Paltonium, Pr. Neurodium, i¥e. Drymoglossum (in part),
J. Sm. Moore.)

Sori linear, very much elongated, continuous, rarely inter-
rupted, more or less sunk in a groove or sulcus and more or
less distant from the margin. Involucre none. Veins vari-
ously anastomosing, areoles with or without free veinlets. —
Fronds mostly uniform, simple or innnated or subdichoto-
mously pinnatifid, usually costate.

A small yet sufficiently natural group, but botanists are not agreed as to the
propriety of keeping it entire.

* Fronds simple. 1-4.

1 . T. obtusa. Hook. ; caudex creeping ferrugineo-hirsute,
stipites 2-3 inches long glossy hirsute at the base, fronds
1^-2 inches long firm coriaceous glossy oblongo-ovate simple
obtusely cuneate at the base submucronate rarely obscurely
lobed or incised, costa indistinct, the margin incrassated,
veins internal rather sparingly anastomosing, areoles large
oblique, sori forming a continuous rarely interrupted line all
round at a little distance from the margm except at the base.
—Hook. Ic. PL t. 994 [or 94 of Cent, of Ferns).

Ilab. On sandstone rocks, Sarawak, Borneo, alt. 2000 feet, 7'Ao.s. Lobb. — A
beautiful and very peculiar species, of which I have only seen specimens from the
above locality. Some of the young fronds vary much in form, orljicular and not
larger than a silver penny, or larger, subrhomboid or oval.

2. T. lanceolata, Br. ; caudex stout creeping clothed with ap-
pressed ferruginous sul^ulate scales, stipites articulated on the
caudex approximate 2-4 inches long, fronds a span to a foot
long simple firm coriaceous glabrous 1-1^ inch wide lanceolate
often suddenly and long acuminate (especially when soriferous)
much attenuated below towards the stipes opaque strongly cos-
tate,veins copiously anastomosing and forming hexagonal are-
oles with simple or forked and much divaricated free included
veinlets clubbed at the apex, sori linear prominent close to
the margin chiefly occupying the contracted upper portion
of the frond close to the margin. — Br. Prodr.p. 154 (m obs.).
Klfs. En. Fil. p. 130. Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 27. Kze.
Pteropsis, Desv. in Ann. Soc.Linn. Pt.x'i. p. 218. Pr. Hook.
Fil. Exot. t. 45. Paltonium, Pr. Epim. Bot. Neurodium, Fee,
Gen. Fil. p. 93. t. 8. c. Drymoglossum, /. Sm. Moore — Plum.
Fil. t. 132.

Hab. West Indian Islands, frequent ; Martinique, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, Cuba

T.'KN'ITIS. 187

(C. Wright, n. 979), etc., Belizo, Skinner. — A peculiar and rigid plant, with niiicli
of the general aspect of Ilymenolcpin. Various have heen the views of its ge-
neric position, as may be seen by the above synonyms.

3. T. ant/usti/oHn, Br. ; caudex creeping densely tomentose
paleaceous at the l^ase of the stipes, stipites short com-
pressed, fronds penduh)us simple 12-18 inches long 4 lines
to h an inch broad linear-lanceolate acuminate attenuated
below into the short stipes costate entire at the margin, sori
very near the margin continuous or interrupted, veins copi-
ously anastomosing, areoles hexangular much elongated pa-
rallel with the costa and margin, with no free included vein-
lets. — Br. Prodr. Nov. Hol/.j). 154 {in ohs.). Pteroj)sis, Desv.
Fee, Vittar.p. 24. Pteris, Sio. Syn. Fil. p. 95. Willd. Sp.
PL V. p. 357. Vittaria costata, Kze. Analect. Pterid. p. 29.
t. 18./. 2, and letters a and b off. 1.

Ilab. Tropical America : West Indian Islands, abundant, Jamaica, Cuba (C.
Wright, n. 978); Columbia, Cuming, n. 1286, Purdie ; Guiana, Schomhurgk, Le
Prieur, Hoxtynann ; Brazil, Fara, Spruce, n. 10; Galapagos, Wood. — Quite the
habit of Vittaria (§ Tcetiiopsis), and scarcely to be distinguished but by the ana-
stomosing venation.

4. T. Bluniei, Hook. ; " caudex creeping clothed above
with setaceous scales, stipites scarcely any, fronds Cccspitose
H-9 inches long ^-| of an inch wide simple entire linear-
lanceolate sometimes falcate entire or waved coriaceous ecos-
tate laxly reticulate glabrous, sori marginal subcontinuous
rarely interrupted linear villous slightly immersed." Bl. —
Pteropsis, Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 87, and Fee, Vittur. p. 25. Tae-
nitis marginalis, Moore, Lid. Fil. Antrophyum, Bl. Fil.Jav.
p. 80. t. 34./. 1 and 2.

ilab. On trees, Java, Bluma. — I am ignorant of this species. Fee refers it to
Pteropsis, and iloore to Tienitin. The former alludes to its affinity with T.
angiistifolia, of which it resembles very small specimens, but it is ecostate.

** Fronds pinnate or pinnatifid. 5-0.

5. T. blechnoides, Sw. ; caudex creeping nearly as thick as
a writing-pen setose, stipites approximate 8-12 inches long
thickened and setose at the base, fronds 10 inches to 1 foot
and more long (rarely when young, yet soriferous, simple) co-
riaceo-submembranaceous generally dimorphous pinnated,
pinnte a span or more long entire at the margins; sterile
fronds with 5-7 broad-lanceolate suddenly acuminated j)in-
noc ; /er^i/c' pinnec more numerous 15-16 linear-lanceolate gra-
dually attenuated at the base, lower ones sessile, sori conti-
nuous or interrupted, veins copiously anastomosing, areoles

188 T^NITIS.

oblique oblong veinless. — Srv. Spi. Fil.pp. 24 and 220. TFilld.
Sp. PL v. p. 135. BL Fil. Jav. p. 70. t. 28./. 2, and t. 29.
Fee, Vittar. p. 26. Tsenitis pteroides, Schk. Fil. p. 21. t. 6.
Spreng. Analect. iii. p. 374. 1. 10./. 106. Pteris blechnoides,
Willd. Phytogr. p. 13. t. 9. /. 3. — Var. interrupt a ; much
smaller, sori often interrupted. T. interrupta, Wall. Cat. n.
142. Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 62.

Hab. Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, abundant: Penang, Wallich, n. 142;
Luzon, Cuming, ». 27 7 ; Borneo, Barber ; Mergui and Tavoy, Parish, n. 81. —
Var. interrupta. Singapore, Wallich. — Very variable in the number, length, and
breadth of the pinnae.

6. T./wrca^fi, Willd. ; caudex subrepent densely tomen-
toso-radiculose, fronds csespitose subsessile 4-15 inches long
firm membranaceous (rarely simple and linear-lanceolate)
cuneato-obovate in circumscription dotted beneath with co-
pious but not crowded peltate brown scales superior half or
more subdichotomously pinnatifid with 3-9 or more linear
finely acuminated segments 3-8 inches long from 3 lines to
I an inch in their greatest diameter entire long-decurrent
at the base so as scarcely to leave any stipes, costate, costte
prominent beneath, veins erecto-patent obscure in the larger
specimens simple or forked here and there anastomosing, in
the smaller and narrower ones more or less but never copi-
ously anastomosing generally forming solitary large oblong
areoles with no free veinlets, sori chiefly upon the (sometimes
contracted) segments marginal linear continuous or more
or less interrupted. — Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 136. Hook, and
Grev. Ic. Fit. t. 7 {venation omitted). Pteropsis, Desv. Pr.
Cuspidaria, Fee, Gen. FiL p. 88. t. 8. A. / 2. Fittar. L c.
p. 25. Pteris, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1531. Sw. Syn. FiL p. 95.
Dicranoglossum, /. Sm. Tcenitis, Desv. Kl. Teeniopsis,
Moore. Cuspidaria semipinnatifida. Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 88. t. 8.
A.f. 2. — Plum. Fil. p. 122. 1. 14 {exaggerated). — Var. pohjpo-
dioides ; sori interrupted, and so regular and at such short
distances as to resemble those of Polypodiuni.

Hab. Tropical America: West Indies, frequent; Cuba, C. Wright, n. 980;
Trinidad, Purdie, n. 20 ; Guiana, abundant, Rich. Schomburgk, n. 243 (Taen.
])esvauxii, A7.), and others ; Panama, Venezuela, Fendler, n. 423 ; Ocaiia, Schlim,
n. 655, Purdie; Brazil, Spruce, n. 2370.— Var. poli/podioides. Ecuador, near
Guayaquil, Jameson, Spruce, n. 6576, on Theobroma Cacao.— Tfr. Greville and
mvself little imagined that in our Tcenitis furcata given our in Ic. Fil. we were pub-
lishing a new species, as Fee and Moore now consider it to be ; the latter, indeed,
refers it to another genus, but 1 think if these authors had the opportunity of con-
sulting extensive suites of specimens, tlicy would find all intermediate grades of
venation, free and anastomosing, undoubtedly ou the same individual specimen.

URYMOGt.OSSUM. 189

The P/nris Iricuxpidata, L. {Cuspidal a tricmpis. Foe, Ptpropsis, Pr., Tdtniopais,
Moore), fomideil on an extravagant figure of Plum. Fil. t. 110, is probably some
Vittaria with a trifid apex, and is only known from that figure.

10. Drymoglossum, iV.

(Hook. Gkx. Fil. tab. LXXVllI. A. Nothochkcna?,
lVa.ll.,ii\\ Tcenitis ? Leinmaphyllum,/V. Schizolepton, Moore.)

Sori linear, elongated, continuous, rarely interrupted, si-
tuated between the costa and the margin and parallel with
them, often near the margin, scarcely immersed. Veins co-
piously anastomosing, often obscure, the areoles usually in-
cluding free veinlets. — Caudex creeping, filiform. Fronds
simple, stipitate, small, dimorptious ; the fertile ones narrow,
sublinear ; the sterile ones shorter but broad.

Nearly allied to Tcenitis, but habit different ; the fronds are dimorphous.

1, D. carnosum, Hook. ; caudex long filiform wiry clothed
with peltate toothed scales, stipites 2 lines to 1 inch long (in
t\\Q fertile frond) distant slender, fronds simple of two kinds;
sterile ones from h an inch (and then generally orbicular or
subcordate) to 2 and even 3 inches long and then elliptical
or obovate or spathulate or even lanceolate and acuminate
thick and fleshy coriaceous when dry faintly costate on the
under side, veins anastomosing, the areoles including free
generally simple veinlets; fertile fronds l-2-2i inches long
linear-spathulate obtuse, sori linear continuous forming a
line intermediate between the costa and the margin soon
confluent and representing one broad band nearly as broad
as the frond, when young covered by numerous peltate
pedicellated scales. — Var. major; fronds 1-2 inches long,
sterile ones elliptical or obovato-spathulate rarely lanceolate.
D. carnosum, Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 78. A. Fee, Vittar, p. 29.
Nothochleena ? (Tcenitis?) carnosa, IFall. Cat. n. 131. Lem-
maphyllum, Pr. Epim. Hot. p. 158. Tsenitis, Metten. — Var.
minor ; fronds much sunk smaller, sterile ones suborbicular
(often sessile) or sul)cor(late rarely obovato-spathulate. D.
subcordatum. Fee, (ten. Fil. p. 91. t. 9. A.f 1. Lemmaphyl-
lum microphyllum, Pr. Epim. Bot. p. 2G3. Pteris pilosel-
loides, Thunb. Fl. Jap. p. 331. Banks, Ic. lUempf. /. 31.

Ilab. Var. major. Nepal, WaUich,n. 138. Sikkim, Hooker fil. and Thoni'
son, Griffith. Ijoochoo Islands and Kekeah Island, Japan (smaller than the
samples from British India), ('. H'riylit. Japan, Mixs Nelson (intermediate
between major aiul minor). — Var. minor. North China and Japan, al)undaut,
Tlinntiprg, Oldham, llnliiuf/ton, //'/V/'y/v/ (Hongkong), ('. U'riijht. I'ort Hamilton,
IVilf'ord. Formosa, Swinhoc (the small var., but the sterile frauds obovato-spa-

190 DRYMOGLOSSUM.

thulate, stipites of both fronds elongated and very slender). — My copious suites
of specimens exhibit such a variety of forms and size, that, different as the ex-
tremes may be, there is ample evidence, to my mind, of their being but one
species.

Of the species of Drymoglossum in Moore's Index Fil., I would observe that
D. ahhreviatum, with its uniform fronds, D. Cunning Jiami, Jloore, D. ellipti-
cum, Moore, are too imperfectly known to enable me to form any opinion about
them; D. acrostichoides, Moore {Vittaria, Hook, and Grev.), is assuredly, as
Mr. Moore has since acknowledged, an imperfectly soriferous state of Acrosti-
chum conforme, and D. lanceolatum is a Tctnitis of this work.

2. D. piloseUoides, Pr. ; caudex long filiform wiry clothed
with appressed peltate laciniated scales, stipites 2-10 lines
long (in the fertile frond) distinct jointed and deciduous near
the base, fronds simple of two kinds; sterile ones ^ an inch
to 2 inches long orbicular subcordate obovate or elliptical
thick and fleshy coriaceous when dry, entire indistinctly
costate, veins anastomosing, the areoles including free simple
or branched and divaricating veinlets; fertile fronds l|-3
inches long linear-oblong obtuse tapering at the base, sori
linear continuous just within the margin at first narrow
eventually spreading so as to cover the whole back of the
frond leaving a furrow between, capsules mixed with pel-
tate pedicellated scales. — Pr. Tent. Fterid. p. 227. t' 10.
ff. 5, 6. Fee, Vittar. p. 28. Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 46. Pte-

ropsis, Desv. Tcenitis, Br. Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 28.
/. 13./. 6-8. D. elhpti cum, AToore.? Vtens, Will d. ? D.
rotundifolium, P/-. Fee. D. spathulatum,Pr. Fee. Lem-
maphyllum, Pr. Pteropsis nummularia, De^y. Nothochleena,
Klfs. En. Fil. p. 133. IVall. Cat. n. 139. Bl. Fil. Jew. p. 67.
Vteris, Linn. Sp. PL p. 15S0. Banks, Lc. Kampf. t. 31. Sw.
Syn. Fil. pp. 94 and 286. t. 2./. 2. Schk. Fil. p. 83. t. 87.
JFilld. Sp. PL y.p. 355 [not ofL'hunb.). Acrostichum hete-
rophyllum, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1523. Piper nummularium, Lam.
Lll. i.p. 82 [according to authors). Rheed. Hort. Malab. xii.
p. 57- t. 29. Linn. Amcen. Acad. i. /. 12./. 2.

Hab. Tropical East India, most abundant on the mossy trunks of trees : Malay
Islands, Malacca, and the continent of British India westward to Nilghiri {Bed-
dome), Singapore, Tenasserim, and Silhet, Wallich, n. 239 ; Chittagong, Hooker
fil. and Thomson; Ceylon, Gardner, 71. 1156. — Well distinguished, variable as
may be the form and size of the sterile fronds, by the linear-oblong, not spathu-
late, fertile fronds, and the marginal sori.

3. D. rigidmn. Hook. ; caudex long-creeping thick as a
crow's quill paleaceous with subulate ferruginous scales, sti-
pites distant scarcely 1 inch long in the sterile frond 4 inches
in the fertile, fronds dimorphous ; sterile ones of the same

IIEMIOXITIS. 191

length as their stipites very coriaceous thick rigid glossy obo-
vatc cuneato-attenuate at the base entire the margin slightly
recurved and thickened, costa and venation internal very ob-
scure, veins anastomosing forming oblique oblong areoles not
extending to the margin with no free included veinlets ; fer-
tile fronds 4-5 inches long 1 .7 line wide thick coriaceous sub-
semitcrete, sori sunk in a deep furrow on each side the tbick-
ened but obscure costa. — Hook. Ic. PI. t. 99G {or Cent, of
Ferns, t. 96). Schizolepton, Moore, Ind. Fit. p. 344.

Ilab. Borneo, near Sarawak, Thos. Lohb. — A most remarkable and very rare
Fern with quite the liabit of Drymoglossttm, but with very coriaceous rather than
fleshy fronds, no free veinlets in the areoles, and with sori sunk in a groove.
Surely those who sanction Tanitis lanceolata being placed in Drymoglossnm may
well allow this to remain there.

11. Hemionitis, Linn.

(Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXXIV. B, Dictyocline, Moore.
Anetium, SpUtg. Acrostichnm, Linn., in part. Antropbyum,
in part, Fee.)

Sori linear, elongated, mostly superficial, uniformly ana-
stomosing always on the veins and sometimes sparsely scat-
tered in the areoles (Anetium, SpUtg.). Veins cojMously
anastomosing and soriferous. — Fronds simple, pahnato-pinna-
tifid or pinnate.

§ 1. Sori confined to the veins. Hemionitis. — Sp. 1-4.

1. H. lanceolata, Hook.; caudex stout as a man's thumb
in one of my specimens, ascending scarcely repent, its apex
paleaceous with sul)ulate small scales, stipites subfasciculate
8-10 inches long bright castaneous very glossy stout, fronds
firm-coriaceous submembranaceous opaque 6-10 inches long
lj-2^ inches wide below the middle, simple broad-lanceolate
acuminate narrowly marginate obtuse or cuneato-attenuate
at the base, costate, costa very prominent beneath, venation
uniform, costules none, areoles oblong obliquely patent hexa-
gonal smaller towards the margin, sori copious anastomosing
like the veins. — Hook. Id Cent, of Ferns, t. 55.

Hal). Fiji l%\mA%, Milne, Seemann, n. 716.— A verj' handsome species which
has some resemblance to a simple-fronded form of Grammitis ( Dictyor/ramme)
pinnata {Hemionitis elongata, Brackenridgo), which indeed bears simple fronds
when young, but such are always linear-lanceolate, destitute of sori, and small ia
comparison to tliese fronds, which abound in fructification ; and the venation is
quite different in the two.

192 HEMIONITIS.

2. H. cordata, Roxb. ; caudex a short stout erect rhizome,
stipites tufted ebony-black polished clothed with long patent
fulvous deciduous hairs, those of the sterile fronds 2-4 inches
of the fertile ones 8-13 inches long, fronds subcoriaceous
very fulvo-villous when young and subpermanently so be-
neath dimorphous ; sterile ones 2-3 inches long 1-2 inches
wide cordate obtuse or subacute with a deep sinus ; fertile
ones generally larger and broader at the base hastate or
sharply trilobo- hastate both with a costa ebony-black beneath
and two subobsolete lateral costes within the lobes, venation
uniform forming oblong hexagonal areoles, sori copious and
equally anastomosing with the veins covering the whole
under side of the frond. — Roxb. in Wall. Cat. n. 44. Grijf\
Crypt. PI. of Roxb. p. 500 (H. cordifolia). Hook, and Grev.
Ic. PL t. 64. H. sagittata, Fee, Gen. Fil.p. 172. 1. 14. D.

Hab. India: rich wet soil about CA\c.utta., Roxbure/h, Wallich ; frequent in the
Neilgherries, Wight, n. 51, G. Thomson, Hohenacker, n. 1253 ; Cochin, Johnstone ;
Ceylon, Gardner, n. 28 and 1309; Moulraeine, Parish, n. 142; Luzon, Thos.
Lobb. — The under sides of the fronds, even when destitute of fructification, are
tinged with cinnamon colour.

3. palmata, L. ; caudex a short thick erect rhizome, whole
plant copiously pubescent with fulvous soft hairs, stipites
tufted purple-ebony very glossy those of the sterile frond
2-4 inches long of Xh& fertile ones 6-10 inches, fronds subco-
riaceo-membranaceous 2-4 inches long and as much broad;
ste7'ile ones generally a little smaller cordato-trilobate, lateral
divisions unequally bilobed the lobes obtuse coarsely cre-
uate; fertile ones palmato-5-partite, lobes broad-lanceolate
acuminate crenato-lobulate, costse 1 to each primary lobe
glossy black purple beneath, venation uniform, areoles ob-
long hexagonal, sori clothing the whole veins forming a
network over them, — Lin7i. Sp. PI. p. 1535. Siv. Syn. Fit.
p. 20. Willd. Sp. PL V. p. 129. Hook. Exot. FL t. 53. Schott,

Gen. FiL t. 9.

Hab. Tropical America: West Indies; Jamaica, Cuba, C. Wright, n. 774;
Dominica, Trinidad, Martinique, Sieber, n. 347, etc.; New Granada, Fendler, n.
303; Mexico, Guatemala; Tarapota, Eastern Peru, Spruce, n. 3993.

4. H. Griffithii, Hook. fil. and Thoms. ; caudex?, stipites
8-12 inches long villous paleaceous at the base with subu-
late scales, fronds coriaceo-membranaceous, villous espe-
cially on the venation 8-10-14 inches long 6-8 inches broad
cordato-ovate acuminate pinnatifid or oblong or broad-ovate
and pinnated, pinnae about nine 6 inches long by 1-1^ inch

STIUM. J 93

wide petiolate oblong suljfalcatc acuminate entire rotundato-
cuneate at the l^ase, terminal pinna large long-petiolate acu-
minately pinnatifid, its lowest pair of segments much the long-
est, the basal pair of pinnoc the largest broad oblong falcate
and acuminate more or less lobed the rest gradually smaller
upwards, the apex acuminated entire, pinna3 and larger seg-
ments costate with the costoc pinnated the rest of the vena-
tion reticulated, costal areoles the largest. — Var. a, pinnata.
H. Griffithii, Hook. fil. and Thomson, in Herb. Hook. Dictyo-
cline, Moore, " Gard. Chron. 1855. ji. 854." lad. Fil. p. 59.
— Var. ^, pinnatifida. H. Wilfordii, Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 93.

Hab. Khasya, Hooker fil. and Thomson. j3. Same locality, and Formosa,
C. Wilford.

§ 2. Sori partially scattered over the surface of the fronds as well as arising
from the veins. — Anetiom.

5. H. (Anetium) citrifolia, Hook. ; stipes from h an inch
(in small specimens) to 9 inches long compressed flaccid,
fronds 3 inches to nearly 2 feet long and from 1-4 inches
w^ide oval or oblong rarely subspathulate acute or acuminate
more or less attenuated at the base and more or less strongly
costate or semicostate membranaceous pale-green flaccicl,
areoles with an erecto-patent direction oblong hexagonal,
sori linear and copious on the veins superficial, and capsules
are also sparsely vet very generally scattered over the areoles.
—TAnn. Sp. PL p. 1513. Siv. Syn. Fil. p. 9. Willd. Sp. PL
y. p. 108. Acrostichum, Li^in. Anetium, Splitr/. Antro-
phyum. Fee. A. pendulum, Le Prieur, Fee, I. c. Acrost. p. 97.
Pr. Epini. Bot. p. 175. Moore, lad. Fil. Hemionitis para-
sitica, Linn. Sp. PL 1535. Hemionitis spathulata, Pr. An-
trophyum Sprucei,* Moore, Ind. Fil. pp. 72, 73 [name only).
Plum. FiL p. lOl. L\16.

Hab. Common throughout the West Indies and tropical America, frequently
growing pendulous from Palm stems : Amazon, Spruce, n. 2308, and Para, n. o2
(;} feet long, including the petiole, and costate almost to the apex). — The species
is most variable in point in the length of the stipes, and in the length and dis-
tinctness of the costa, but in all other respects very uniform in characters. Mr.
Spruce remarks, " when recent the fronds are rather fleshy, and the midrib lieing
winged at the back, they appear to have a trialate stipes."

* ]\Ir. Moore has entered this under Anetium as a distinct species, and has
taken the name (not without acknowledgment) from my private herbarium, but
without careful examination or any description.

VOL. v. 2 c

194 ACROSTICHUM.

SuBORD. XI.— ACROSTICHE^.

Sori destitute of involucre, superficial, and apparently cloth-
ing the whole under side (rarely both sides) of the frond
or segments with a uniform stratum of capsules, sometimes
forming local patches (in Platycerium), on the parenchyme
as well as the veins. Veins simple or forked or variously
branched, connivent or copiously anastomosing, with or
without included free veinlets in the areoles. — Ferns abound-
ing in tropical regions and of exceedingly varied size and
forms, the caudex creeping or erect or short and tufted.
Fronds simple or variously compound, frequently dimorphous,
the fertile fronds or pinncB generally more contracted, very
different in shape in some instances, especially in § Rhipi-
dopteris and in the genus Platycerium.

Many have been the attempts to divide the species into a number of distinct ge-
nera, but, as will be seen by the synonyms I have quoted, not in a manner to give
general satisfaction. Indeed, the passages from one to another group or genus
are too apparent to escape notice, and I have thought it better, witli the single ex-
ception of Platycerium, to consider the groups rather of sectional than of generic
value.

1. Acrostichum, L.

Sori a uniform mass, clothing the whole under side of the
fronds or pinnae (rarely both sides), costa generally excepted.
Veins simple or variously compound or anastomosing.

The following are the names of the Sections or Subgenera (Genera of other
authorsj here adopted: —

I. Veins free.

3. Polybotrya (Hook. Gen. Fil. tab.

1. Elaphoglossum (Hook. Gen. Fil.

TAB. CV. A). Aconiopteris
(Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXXIX.
A).

2. Lomariopsis.

LXXVIII. B).

4. Stenochlaena (Hook. Gen. Fil.

tab. CV. B). Lomaribotrya.

5. Rhipidopteris.

6. Egenoltia.

IT. Veins free or united only near the margin.
7 Olfersia (Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXXIX. A).

III. Veins variously anastomosing.

8. Soromanes.

9. Stenosemia.

10. Heteroneuron (Poecilopteris,£'scA-

weiler, Hook. Gen. Fil. tab.
LXXXI. A. Campium, Hook.
Gen. Fil. tab. LXXXI. A).

11. Chrysodium (Acrostichum, Pr.

Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXXXI.

A. Neurocallis, Hymenodi-
um).

12. Gymuopteris (Hook. Gen. Fil.

TAB. LXXXV.).

13. Leptochilus.

14. Hymenolepis.

15. Photinopteris (Hook, Gen. Fil,

TAB. XCII.).

ACROSTlClllJM, § ELAlMIO(iLOSSi;M. 195

§ 1. Elaphoglossum. — Fronds simple, entire, rarely pinnatijid. Veim simple
or forked, free.— Gen. lilaphoglossum, Schott. Olt'ersiii, Pr.

The followiiii/ are M. Fee's divisions of this siihyenns in his valuable 'Ilisloire
des Acrostichees,' which are here adopted; the characters, however, must not be
received in too strict a sense : —

I. Oligolepide.e, Fee. — Fronds mostlt/ destitute of scales. 1-58.

A. Fronds oval or oval-lanceolate. 1-44.

* Fronds coriaceous. 1-32.

** Fronds soft and flaccid. 33-44.

B. Fronds linear. 45-58.

I I . I'oLYLEPiDK.E, Fee. — Fronds more or less scaly or .setosu-sijuamose. 59-94 .

A. Fronds oval or oval-lanceolate. 59-60.

B. Fronds linear or linear-lanceolate. 01-94.

I. Or>iGOLEPiDEi«, Fee. — Fronds mostly destitute of scales. 1-58.

A. Fronds oval or oval-lanceolate. 1-44.

* Fronds coriaceous. 1-32.

1. A. (Elaphoglossum) decoratum, Kze. ; " caudex thick
paleaceous with linear very narrow and very long crisped
scales," stipites .3-8 inches long thick as a crow's quill
striated bright reddish-brown densely squarrose for the whole
length with ovato-cordate very obtuse ferruginous scales \
of an inch long, at the base only are numerous very long
narrow-linear crisped ones near the caudex, fronds very co-
riaceous 12-15 inches long 3-4 inches wide broad-oblong
acute at the base shortly and sharply acuminate at the apex,
fringed for its whole length at the thickened edge with
apparently a double series of scales similar to those of the
stipes but smaller and more orbicular. — Kze. in Linncea, ix.
p. 25. Analect. Pterid. p. 9. t. 6. Fee, Acrost. p. 2/. t. 22. f.
4. Olfersia, Pr. Elaphoglossum, Moore.

Hab. Peru, in dense forests, i'ainpayaco, Puippiy. Guadeloupe, L llerminier,
in Herb, nostr. British Guiana, Schomf/uryk, n. 164 7 {Moore). — .\ most beautiful
and remarkable species, perhaps the finest of the section; extremely rare in col-
lections. The veins are slightly elevated on the under side and unite with the
thickened margin, not unlrequently partially anastomosing, so that some sys-
tematists might refer it to Ilymenodium.

2. A. (Elaphoglossum) fVrif/hfi'i, Metten.; caudex very
long creeping and scandent on the trunks of trees thick as a
duck's quill squarrose with rather large oblong acuminate
bright ferruginous scales, stipites remote 1-1 ^ inch long
striated reddish-brown squarrose with similar scales, fronds
coriaceous 7-12 inches long 1-H inch wide broad ol)lon40-
lanceolate suddenly and subcuspidato-acuminate subspathulate

196 ACROSTICHUM, § E LAPHOGLOSS UM.

attenuated from above the middle and decurrent upon the
caudex, the margin white callous sui)sinuous and crisped,
veins manifest when the frond is seen between the eye and the
light; fertile frond smaller, the white margin reflexed, cap-
sules yellow-brown, costa broad partially paleaceous below. —
Met ten. in Eat. Fil. Wright, et Fendl. p. 194. Elaphoglossum,
Moore.

Hab. Cuba, C. Wright, n. 965. — This appears to me a very good species, with
scales on the stipes not unlike those of A. decoratum, and witli similar ones to
those on the long scandent caudex, a white, subcrenate, and waved margin, patent
on the sterile frond, but closely reflexed and not crenate on the fertile fronds ;
giving the appearance of a pteroid involucre.

3. A. (Elaphoglossum) andicoIa,Fee', "sterile fronds thick
cartilaginous ovato-lanceolate very glabrous margined acute
at the apex decurrent at the base, costa thick, veins con-
verging spreading at an angle of 85° ; fertile ones lanceolate
acute at both extremities glabrous margined, costa stout,
capsules pale fulvous, — planta sicca aurata." — Fee, Acrost.
p. 28. /. 2. A. pachyphyllum, Eat. in Fil. Wright, et Fendl.
p. 7 {omitting syn. o/IIymenodium Kunzeanum^ Fee).

Hab. Venezuela, alt. 4000-14,500 feet. Linden, n. 549 {Fee). Mexico (Fee). To
these Moore adds, Venezuela, Fendler, n. 293 and 296 (but which is Elaphogl. pa-
chyphyllum, according to Eaton, in Fil. ViTight. et Fendl., and to which Eaton
reiers Ilymenodium Kunzeannm, Fee, Acrost. p. 90, t. 58). — I have no authentic
specimen of this plant of Fee, unless Fendler'scan be considered so, and as Moore
consi'^'^rs it to be; but I confess 1 should have little hesitation in referring
Fee's figure and Fendler's specimens to A. laiifolium. The sori are fulvous, it is
true, in the n. 296 of the latter, but dark-brown in 293. Trifling variations are
brought forward too much, failing others, as specific distinctions. Moore re-
marks, " Elaphoglosso latifol. affiue."

4. A. (Elaphoglossum) callcefolium, Bl. ; " fronds oblong-
lanceolate elongated acute at each end coriaceous long de-
current glabrous undulate, fertile ones of the same form
rather obtuse shorter longer stipitate, stipites at the base and
the caudex paleaceous, veins extending to the margin, costa
thick prominent beneath canaliculate above, caudex woody
creeping thicker than a goose-quill, scales lanceolate entire."
Fee.—Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 22. t. 4 {not Link). Olfersia, Pr.
Elaphoglossum, Moore.

Hab. Java, Mount Cede, 8000-9000 feet above the level of the sea. Blame.—
M. Fee, whose character, as I have given above, seems to have been taken from
an original specimen of Blunie, is at great pains to distinguish it from his South
American A. alismcefoliam — " Elle a desfrondes aiguiis, mais non-acumiiiees des
petioles (stipites) plus courts et plus delies, une lame niarginee et un mesoneure
colore, infiniraent plus robuste," etc. I, on iny part, who possess authentic and

ACROSTICIIUM, § ELAl'liOGLOSSUM. 197

good specimens from Ulume and De Vriese, do not see liovv it is in any way to be
di.siinguislied specifically from the ./. latifolium. Our figure of the latter in Fil.
EKot. t. 4'2, from a living Sontii American specimen, really seems identical with
lilnme's East Indian A. calUefolium.

5. A. (ElaphoglossLiiu) alismafolium, Fee; " fronds ovato-
lanceolate meinhraiuiceous sabcoriaceous ovate acuminate
acute at the base and decurrent, the margin in drying re volute,
stipites long unisulcate paleaceous nigrescent at the base,
veins turgescent at the apex ; sterile ones ovato-lanceolate,
costa compressed ; fertile lanceolate long-stipitate narrower
reddish-brown beneath, caudex creeping thick as a child's
finger, its scales linear, the margin scarcely toothed fulvous
very long crisped when dry." — Fee, Acrost. p. 28. t. 3. Ela-
phoglossum, Moore.

llab. Tropical America: Guadeloupe, L'Herminier, n. 7; Cuba, Linden, n.
2158 ; New Granada, Purdie, Fund, n. 654 ; to which Moore adds Cuba, C.
Wright, n. 791, 9GG, 970 ; Jamaica, Portorico, etc., most of them apparently
from my herbarium, and all of which 1 should have been disposed to refer to A.
latifolium. — Fee observes, " Cctte cspece varie par ses froudes ovoides, tcrminees
en uue pointe mousse ou aiguti, le stipes s'allonge plus ou moins," etc. ; and there
is nothing essentially at variance with the A. latifolium. 1 may remark that Mr.
Moore refers my specimen of A. Sartorii, Liebm., from Mexico, to A. alismcpfo-
lium. It is, I suspect, an elongated form of that plant, and is the same as A. To-
varenae, Metten. in Eat. Fil. Wright, et Fendl., and a Peruvian plant of Mathews,
n.388, which I bring under A. latifolium.

G. A. (Elaphoglossum) Sieberi, Hook, and Grev. ; caudex a
short thick horizontal rhizome copiously rooting below gene-
rally forming knots or lumps from whicli the fronds arise
and these are densely crinite with long narrow-linear subu-
late erect almost black hair-like scales, stipites 2 inches to a
s])an long scurfy with small black imperfect scales, fronds
firm-coriaceous 2-15 inches in length and from 1-3 inches
wide elliptic or oblong or oblongo-lanceolate, the margin a
little thickened and recurved obtuse or bluntly acuminated
moderately attenuated and decurrent at the base strongly
costate, costa prominent beneath ; fertile fronds generally
smaller and narrow entirely soriferous except on the rather
broad costa. — Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 23/. Fee, Acrost.
p. 29. Olfersia, Fr. Elaphoglossum, Moore. Acrostichuni
latifolium, Sieb. Syn. Fil. n. 2G {cmStv.?). A. ellipticuni,
Fee, Acrost. p. 30. t.^.f. 2. Elaphoglossum, Moore.

llab. Mauritius and Bourbon, Commer.<ton, Bory, Sieber, n. 2G, Bojer, Carmi-
chael, etc. Fernando Fo, G. Mann, alt. 2000 feet, n. 370.— I liave said all I can
in favour of this being distinct from A. lutifuHum ; the character rests chiclly on

198 ACROSTICHUM, § ELAPHOGLOSSUM.

the very 4&fk colour and almost setaceous character of the scales of the caudex.
In the absence of caudex on my Fernando Po specimens, they are as likely to be
J. latifolium as A. Sieberi.

7. A. (Elaphoglossum) macr op odium, Fee; " s/f-ri/e fronds
lanceolate coriaceous robust, the margin incrassated subre-
volute beneath copiously but minutely dotted with white
(not in my specimens), costa prominent; fertile fronds
nearly uniform in size lanceolate elongate acuminate, stipes
robust (scarcely in my specimens) longer, costa prominent
beneath striated canaliculate above, veins spreading at an
angle of 85°-88°, caudex thick as a child's finger short scaly,
scales tawny ovato-lanceolate laxly imbricated/^ — Fee,
Acrost. p. 30. t. 6. /. 2. Elaphoglossum, Moore. A. coria-
ceum. Wall. Cat. n. 14 ?, according to Moore.

Hab. Bourbon, Fee, and (if Wallich's plant be the same) Mauritius, TFaWzcA.
— I possess no authentic specimen of Fee's plant, of which he further remarks
that It varies in the length and breadth of the fronds and of the stipes, and that
it differs from A. Sieberi, Hook, and Grev., and his A. elUpticum, both from the
same islands, by the large and tawny scales, and by the form of the rhizome. I
confess that my specimens do not well accord with Fee's plant, judging from his
figure and description, for though they very much differ in the colour and nature
of the caudical scales from A. Sieberi, they want the white dots oi A. macropo-
diiim, and may possibly be forms of latifolium or of conforme.

8. A. (Elaphoglossum) conforme, Sw. ; caudex creeping
varying in length and thickness paleaceous with lanceolate
ferruginous or dark-brown even or crisped scales, stipites
from 2 inches to a span or a foot long stramineous partially
and deciduously scaly discoloured blackish at the base evi-
dently swollen and subarticulated at the junction of the
caudex, fronds coriaceous 3-4 inches to 1 foot long ^-1^
inch in width elliptical or oblongo-lanceolate obtuse or acute
more or less attenuated at the base not unfrequently minutely
glanduloso-jjunctate especially beneath ; fertile frond some-
times equal in size to the sterile and nearly of the same
shape or smaller often on a longer stipes soriferous all over
the surface except on the costa, veins indistinct. — Siv. Syn.
Fil. pp. 10 and 192. t. \.f. 1 {a common Cape form). Willd.
Sp. PI. v.p. 107. Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 23. t. 5 [excellent). Fee,
Acrost. p. 30. Elaphoglossum, Moore. Olfersia, Fr.
Acrost. scmulum, BL Fil. Jav. p. 100. A. latifolium, Sw. in
Sc/irad. Journ. A. oblongum, Desv. A. laurifolium, P.
Thouars,Fl. Trist. d'Acunha,p. 31. Fee, Acrost. p. 37. /. 7.
/. 1. A. Gayanum,Fee, Acrost. p. 37- 1. 16. /. 2. ' A. aphle-

ACROSTICHUM, § E L AIMIOG LOSS l' M . 11)9

bium,* Kl. in Linnceu, xx. p. 410. A. angustaturn, Schrad.
Sclilecht. Adumbr. p. 14. /. 5. Olfersia, P/'. Elaphoglossum
scniulum, Brack. Ftl. U. S. Expl. Exp. p. 7^- Acrust. glan-
dulosum, Hook, and Grev. Tc. FIL t. 3. A. Cumingii, Fee,
Acrost. p. 34. A. ohtusifolium, /. Sin. [name onhj). Vit-
taria acrostichoides, Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 186 {abnor-
mal form with, the sori confined to two parallel lines distant
from the costa). Acrost. marginatum, Wall. Cat. n. 17- Fee,
Acrost. p. .31. Olfersia, Pr. A. angulatum, Bl. Fil. Jav. p.
25.^.6. Fee, Acrost. p. 52. Olfersia. P>-. Elapliuglossum,
Moore. A. Gorgoneum, Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 28. t. 8. F'e,
Acrost. p. 38.

Hah. Cape of Good Hope, abundant. Tropical Africa: Prince's Island and
Brass, Barter, n. 1816; Mauritius, Carmichael ; St. Helena, /. D. Hooker,
Ilauyhton ; Tristan d'Acunha, P. Thouars, Carmichael, Milne. Java, Ceylon,
Blume, in Herb. Hook., nnder the incorrect name of " viscosum." Gardner, n.
1165. East Indies : Nepal, IVallich; Khasya, Hooker fil. and Thomson; Nil-
gliiri, Beddome, n. 106; Luzon, Cuming, n. 193; Sandwich Islands, Bracken-
ridge, Hillebraiid. Tropical America: Venezuela, Foidler, n. 277, 27S, 29a, &
(some of the fronds narrow-oblong, bright 2;reen) ; Ecuador, Spruce, n. b&6\,
Jameson (scales of the caudex almost black and appressed,even, in other respects
the same as the African plant); Andes of Peru, Maclean; Chili, C. Gay; Pa-
nama, S. Hat/es, n. 151 ; Northwest Mexi 'o. Sierra Madre, Seemann (quite the
African form and glanduloso-punctate). — Fee limits the geographical pos'tion of
this Fern to the Cape Colony. I do not distinguish from that my specimens from
other countries here recorded, not even those of South America; and Blame's
figure from the Java plant cannot, I think, be called in question, nor Cuming's
n. 193, from Luzon. That it is a variable species cannot be denied, and some of
the Cape specimens I am really uiialjle to distinguish from .^. /a<//b//M?w ; nor
can I agree with M. Fee when he says, " Ou le reconnaitra facilement u ses
frondes epaisses, jaunatres, inferieurement terminccs en poiiite, a son petiole court
et aile, i\ sa marge plus ou moins crispee et a son rliizome rampant, convert
d'ccailles brunitres lachement imbriquees," — marks most of which are as common
to several other supposed species as to this. This perhaps may be considered a
type into which might safely merge, besides all those given in tlie synonyms, not
a few of the following species.

9. A. (Elaphoglossum) Fefyee?2.se, Hook. ; " caudex a short
thick creeping paleaceous rhizome, stipites 3-5 inches long
semiterete paleaceous at the base, fertile ones longer 10-12
inches long, fronds coriaceous submarginate lepidote on both
sides; sterile ones a span long 1 inch broad oblongo-lanceo-
late obtuse narrowly angustate much attenuated at the base ;
fertile ones small oblong obtuse slightly attenuated at the

* A. glabratum, Metten. Fil. Nov. Caled. p. 1, should perhaps rank near this,
of which the autlior says, " proximnm ./. aphlebio, Kze.. a qtio forma foliorum,
prjesertim fertilium rccedit. Ilab. New Calcilonia, Vieillard."

200 ACROSTICHUM, § ELAPHOGLOSSUM.

base, veins immersed parallel forked." Brack. — Elapho-
glossum, Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exp. p. 72.

Hab. Fiji Islands, Brackenridge, Milne. — "This differs from A. aimilnm in the
obtuse fronds and in the presence of numerous small peltate scales on both sur-
faces." Such lepidote fronds are not uncommon in A. conforme. I possess no
authentic specimen of this Acrostichum, but I think I have the true plant from
Milne; if so, its chief distinguishing feature from A. conforme is the narrowly
attenuated base of the frond ; but even this is variable.

10. A. (Elaphoglossum) (Bmulum, Klfs.; "caudex creeping
paleaceo-squamose, stipites glabrous semiterete furrowed
above, fronds stipitate coriaceous oblong-lanceolate margined
attenuated at the base ; fertile ones long stipitate." Brack.
— Klfs. En. Fil. p. 63. Fee, Acrost. p. 62 {sp. duhia).
Elaphoglossum^ Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exp. p. 71- Olfer-
sia, Pr.

Hab. Sandwich Islands, Kaulfuss, attaining an alt. of 8000 feet, Brackenridge,
Hillebrand, n. 55 mid 57 .' — Of this I possess no named specimen save from Dr.
Hillebrand. I can well conceive, however, that it is the true plant, and I fear can
hardly be distinguished from A. conforme. In my specimen (n. 55) the caudex
is short, thick, creeping, paleaceous with rather large scales ; sterile frond 5 inches
long, ^ an inch wide, linear-oblong, obtuse, attenuated at the base, coriaceous on
a stipes 2 inches long, black, and jointed near the base ; fertile fronds 3-5 inches
long, on longer stipites. Dr. Hillebrand's n. 57 has the fronds all uniform, more
attenuated, with stipites not an inch long, and one of the fronds partially
sterile, the extremity soriferous.

11. A. (Elaphoglossum) scalpeU urn, Mzxt. ; "sterile fronds
coriaceous glaucous ovate narrowly decurrent at the base
edged by a thickened discoloured margin, stipes and costa
sparsely scaly, veins slender excurved ; fertile fronds linear
longer stipitate repand, caudex thick scaly, scales lanceolate-
linear long attenuated crisped at the apex." Fee. — A. scal-
pellum {not scapellum, as in Fee), Mart. Fil. Bras. p. 86.
Fee, Acrost. p. 52. /. 10. — An A. consobrinum, Kze. in Fee,
Acrost. p. 32 ?

Hab. Brazil: Rio Negro, 7l/«rfM« ; Go\s.z, Gardner, n.AO'il. — Very much like
A. ladfolium. Fee's figure is quite correct, and evidently taken from Gardner's
specimens ; indeed, Gardner's locality is the only one expressly recorded by him
and Moore. The thickened margin of the frond is dwelt upon by Fee, but on
which Martins himself says nothing. My specimens show this thickened mar-
gin more decidedly on some fronds than others. I fear it must be considered
a very dubious species, and the A. consobrinum, Kze., no less so.

12. A. (Elaphoglossum) Schomhurgkii, Fee; "sterile fronds
ovato-lanceolate membranaceous (my specimens are singu-
larly coriaceous probably very carnose when recent) acute at
the apex long-cuneate at the base subundulateatthe margin,

ACUOSTICIIUM, § KLAPnOGLOSSUM. 201

costa slender (' arcta/ my specimens have the costa singu-
larly stout and very prominent beneath) slightly channelled
above, veins parallel slender approximate spreading at an
angle of 85°, stipes triangular Hrm ; fertile fronds smaller
lanceolate acute (in Herb. Deless. terminated by a short ob-
tuse mucro), caudex thick scaly, scales linear-lanceolate
amber-colour [succlneis), the margin scarcely sinuated." Fee,
Acrost.p. 32. /. 8. Griseb. in Herb, nostr. — Elaphoglossum,
Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 14. A. latifolium, " Kze. in Herb. Deles-
sert {not Siv. nor Sieber)." Elaphoglossum, Moore, Ind. Fil.
p. 358 {excl. Acrost. (Ilymenodium) pachyphyllum, A7. in
Linnaa, xx. p. 428, atid in Herb, nostr.). — Var. ellipticum.
A. luridum, Fee, Acrost. p. 33. /. 19.

Ilab. Britisli Guiana, Schomburyk, n. 450. New Granada, Mr.rida, Morilz, n.
321 (" A. pachyphyllum," from A7.). Ecuador, near I'asto. — Var. ellipticum.
Province of Arima, Purdie. French Guiana, Le Prieur. — I fear this fine plant
is not clearly understood or well defined. It was first detected by Schomhurgk
in 1837 and circulated as his n. 450, and named and described by Fee, 1. c, p.
32, in 1844 ; but, strangely enough, at p. 29, the same plant of Schomhurgk (n.
450) is brought forward as the Acrostichiun brevipes, Kze., and is said to be A.
latifolium, J. Sm., and A. callafolium, Lk. (not Bl.) ; and M. Fee seems altoge-
ther to ignore an A. lalifullum. I have purposely omitted here the A. brevipes,
Kze. ; for I cannot tell what is intended by it ; and in regard to A. Schomburf/Jtii,
my original specimen is quite at variance with the "fronds membranaceous " of
Fee, as it is with the character " costa slender." My Schomburgkian specimen
has the sterile frond more than 2 feet long, 3 inches wide, singularly thick
and coriaceous, broad-lanceolate, much acuminated, the costa very stout, very
prominent at the back, and together with the stipes (a foot long) as thick
as a goose-quill. Specimens identical with this are from Merida, in my
herbarium, as "^1. (Ilymenodium) pachyphyllum, Kl. (not Kze.). Again, I
have from Purdie an allied plant, I believe a variety, which Dr. Grisebacii
has named on my specimen and in his Fl. of the British W. Ind. vol. ii.
ined., A. Schomburgkii ; but it has some considerable points of difference from
the other samples I have alluded to and is unquestionably identical with
the figure oi A. luridum. Fee, Acrost. p. 35. t. 19, where the same number of
Schomhurgk, viz. n. 450, is given for this plant also. This has scarcely any
stipes, but a frond from 8-12 inches long, 22-3 inches wide, elliptical, siia-
thulate, thin, coriaceous, obtuse, gradually decurrent almost to the base of
the winged stipes, a somewhat cartilaginous margin, ciliato-squamulose at the
edge, and a slender and flattened costa. May they not all be forms of A. lau-
folium ?

13. A. (Elaphoglossum) impressnm, Fee; "fronds lanceo-
late coriaceous opaque acute unequally cuneatc at the base ;
sterile ones coriaceous revolute at the margin, veins spread-
ing at a right angle approximate rimajform on the upi)er
side, beneath immersed, costa deeply grooved on the upper
side; fertile ones scarcely altered wider at the base slightly
decurrent, the margin entire incrassated, veins superticial

VOL. V. 2 u

202 ACROSTICHUM, § ELAPIIOGLOSSUM.

above blackish, costa squamulose, scales lacerated." Fee,
Acrosi. ]). 33. t. 5.

Hab. Martinique (Fee). — Unknown to me. The figure given by Fee very
mucli resembles rather narrow forms of A. latifolium.

14. A. (Elaphoglossum) scandens, Bory ; " sterile fronds
remote ovato-lanceolate coriaceous glaucescent margined sub-
repand and plane at the edge, costa thick, veins approximate,
stipes squamose nodose and blackish at the base ; fertile
fronds lanceolate acute attenuated at the base with a longer
stipes, caudex scandent angular thick as a swan's quill clothed
with fulvo-ferruginous scales." Fee. — Bory, in Fee, Acrost.
p. 33. Elaphoglossum, Moore. A. Schhmense ?, Fee, Sme
Mem. Foug. Nouv. p. 68.

Hab. Caracas, Linden, n. 74 (1842). New Granada, Schlim, n. G22 .' alt, 7000
feet. Guadeloupe, Fee. Ecuador, Spruce ? — My specimens of this Fern from
Linden are destitute of fertile fronds, and I am not certain that those I have
from Guiana, Schomburgk and l.e Prieur, are identical ; they present some dif-
ferences to characters given by Fee. The " petioles noduleux et noiratres a la
base " are common to many Acrosticha allied to A. confor-me. All my specimens
appear to have the caudex more or less scandent, frondiferous towards the apex.
My specimens also from Schlim I refer here doubtfully ; the number is quoted
by Fee, 1. c, but the character is very brief and unsatisfactory, " sterile and fer-
tile fronds of the same form, with close-placed veins, lanceolate-acute at the
summit and at the base ; margin entire and cartilaginous ; stipites short, whitish
(mine are 6-9 inches long, bright-tawny) scaly; caudex erect, scaly, bearing
close-placed fronds." Probably all may be considered forms of A. latifolium.

]5. A. (Elaphoglossum) latifolium, Sw. ; caudex thick
creeping towards the apex especially densely clothed with
subcrisped thin membranaceous scales, fronds mostly termi-
nal on the caudex ; sterile ones including the stipes 1 or 2
and even 3 feet long and from 1-3 inches wide broad-lanceo-
late shortly and obtusely acuminated subcoriaceous very
opaqvie glossy paler beneath attenuated, at the base upon a
stipes varying in length from 2-6-8 inches which is often
scaly below and jointed a little above the caudex, costa ge-
nerally stout and prominent on the under side, veins simple or
forked close parallel rarely here and there anastomosing nearly
horizontal ; fertile fronds generally smaller and narrower
than the sterile, sori universal except on the costa. — Sw. Ft.
Lid. iii. p. 1589 [not Siv. in Schrad. Jour7i., which is A. con-
forme, from the Cape) . Syn. Fil. p. 9. Willd. Sp. PL v. p.
105. Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 42. A. longifolium, Jacq. Coll. p.
105. Elaphoglossum, /. Sm. Moore. Acrost. Lingua,
Raddi, Fil. Bras. p. 5. t. 15. f 4 {small, but characteristic).

ACllOSTICHUM, § ELAPIIOGLOSSUM. 203

Fee, Acrosf. p. 33. Olfcrsia, Pr.—Plum. Fif. t. 135.— Var.
cloiigata ; sterile fronds i a foot to 2 feet long by 2-2:2 inclies
wide; fertile fronds long and narrow in proportion. A. Sar-
torii, Liebm. Fit. Mex.p. 19. A. Tovarense, Metten. in Eat.
Fit. Wright, et Fendl. p. 194 {name onhj).

Ilab. Tropical America and West Indies. I shall here refer to a fev\- of the
native specimens that have been widely distributed with numbers. Cuba, C.
Wright, n. 790 and 791. Dominica, Imray, n. 82. Guadeloupe, L'llenninier,
n. 10. Jamaica, JFilnon, n. 746. New Granada, Venezuela, Fendler, n. 285,
287, 279 (small, very coriaceous and almost sessile), 293, 290. 290 (small and
much acuminated). Elaph. !itten\i!Ltum,Met(en. ms. in Eat. Fit. Wright, et Fendl.
p. 194), »j. 294. E. sporadolepis, A'^re. and Metten. m.i. in Fit. Wright, et Fendl.
Santa .Martha (2| feet long and 4^ inches broad), Purdie, n. 294. Ocaila, Schlim, n.
832. Brazil, Raddi, Gardner, n. 96, 97, 592G. Mexico, Liebmann, Galeotti, n.
6342. Ecuador, Jameson. Peru, Tarapota, Spruce, n. 4723, 4734. — Var. elon-
gala. Me.xico, Liebmann (A. Sartorii, Liebm.). Cusapi, Mathews. Venezuela,
Fendler, n. 292 (A. Tovarense, Metten. ms.). — I have here confined myself to the
generally acknowledged A. latifolium of the New World ; but it may easily be
gathered from what I have said in my'Filices Exotics,' and in the jjresent
volume, that I am greatly tempted to unite with this or with A. conforme many
supposed species of other authors. The notion is still too prevalent that species
of Kerns are very local, and the imagination will then raise up characters not
warranted by nature.

16. A. (Elaphoglossum) decurrens, Foe (an Desv. ?) ; cau-
dex creeping ferrugineo-paleaceous, stipites subterniinal ag-
gregated 1-4 inches long sparsely paleaceous, fronds [sterile
only 2-2^ inches long and 1 inch broad and then elliptical-
spathulate) or 15 inches long 3| inches broad firm-coriaceous
very opaque dark-brown (probably carnose when recent) spa-
thulato-oblong long-attenuated and decurrent upon the stipes
smooth above beneath finely granulated with minute elevated
points giving the appearance of young fructification bor-
dered by a pale-tawny distinct subpellucid scariose margin
fringed with close-placed lanceolate ciliated rufo-ferrugine-
ous patent scales, venation quite obsolete from the thickness
of the su1)stance. — Desv. Journ. Bot. 1813. p. 273 ? Fee,
Acrost. p. 34 {a, junior, ornatum). Elaphoglossum, Moore.
E. obtusifolium, /. Sm. {name only), an of IVilld., Bl. Fil.Jav.
p. 32. t. 10 ?, Brackenridge, etc.

Hab. Luzon, Cuming, n. 144 (sterile specimens only). — This is a very remark-
able Acrostichnm, and perhaps different from what authors have descrilicd as
A. decurrens and A. obtnsifolium ; for none of them notices the beautiful fringe
of coi>ious scales which borders the frond, nor the granulated apjjearance of
the under side. It is true Fee makes two varieties -. one, o, junior, ornatum,
Cuming's plant ; and j8, senior, nudum, Blume's plant. But my smallest fronds
and my very largest one (which has every appearance of being well advanced) are
alike fringed.

204 ACROSTICHUMj § EL APHOGLOSSUM.

17- A. (Elaphoglossum) obf.im/oIinm,'Brac]i.. , s.n Bl.?; "cau-
dex stout short creeping paleaceous, stipites semiterete pa-
leaceous at the base, fronds coriaceous glabrous submarginate
obscurely lepidote obovato-oblong obtuse attenuated at the
base ; fertile ones narrower, and stipes longer, veins im-
mersed parallel and forked." — Elaphoglossum, iJracA:. Fil. U.
S. Expl. Ex}j. p. 72. Acrostichum, Willd. BL FL Jav. p. 31
[no figure). A. decurrens, BL FiL Jav. p. 32. ^. 10 {not of other
authors?). A. decurrens {var. yS, senior; nudum), Fee,
Acrost.p. 34 {e.rcL var. a, junior ; ornatum).

Hab. Java, Blume. Fiji Islands, Ovalau, Brackenridge, Milne. — Great confusion
prevails respecting the Acrost. obtusifolium and A. decurrens of authors ; what 1
have in this work called A. decurreiis is certainly the A. decurrens, " a, junior,
ornatum," of Fee. But that appears to me quite different from the A . decur-
rens of Bl. Fil. Java, 1. c, of which the figure is an admirable representation of
Brackenridge's A. obtusifolium. Our specimens are in a perfect state and quite
glabrous, coriaceous ; stipites 2-3 inches long, those of the fertile fronds 6
inches ; sterile fronds 2^-6 inches long, 1^-2 inches wide, oval or obovate, very
obtuse; fertile fronds 2 inches long, -j-J of an inch wide. — Still I am rot in-
disposed to think that these may be a broad-fronded form of A. conforrne.

18. A. (Elaphoglossum) flaccidum. Fee; caudex stout
thick as one's finger ascending or suberect (probably more
or less scandent) scaly frondiferous at the apex, stipites
scarcely any of the sterile frond, 3 inches to a span long in
the fertile jointed near the base; sterile fronds 10-12 inches
long firm-membranaceous \-\\ inch broad sparsely punc-
tato-squamulose beneath lanceolate or narrow-lanceolate
sharply acuminate long-tapering almost to the caudex below
subpellucid costate, costa somewhat slender, veins conspi-
cuous subhorizontal rather close-placed ; fertile .fronds ge-
nerally exceeding the sterile ones on account of the greater
length of the stipes and narrower. — Fee, Acrost.p. 35. t. 7
{very, accurate). Elaphoglossum, Moore. E. simplex, /.
Sm. — Var. y8, Lechlerianum ; caudex decidedly scandent. A.
Lechlerianum, Metten. Fil. Lechler. p. 3. A. oxyphyllum,
Brongn. in Herb, nostr.

Hab. Guiana, Schomhurgk, n. 448, Sagot, n. 927, Appun. New Granada,
Purdie. Corrientes, Seemann, n. 1000. Brazil, San Gabriel, Spruce, n. 2187. —
Var. /8, Peru, Lechler, in Serb, nostr. — I fear there is no valid distinction be-
tween the A. Lechlerianum of Mettenius and A. flaccidum.

19. A. (Elaphoglossum) alatum, Fee; "sterile fronds
lanceolato-ovate the margin repand the apex acute the base
long-decurrent cuneate, stipes winged grooved with a narrow

ACROSTICIIUM, § ELAPIIOGLOSSUM. 205

furrow ; fertile fronds elongato-ovate obtuse sterile at the
cuneated base, the margin cartilagineo-dentate, stipes slender
longer (than the sterile), caudex thick paleaceous, scales
broad fulvous very long attenuated, their margins fibrillose."
— /'Ve,Acrost.p.35.t.5.f. 2 {not GaudA'). Elaphoglossum,
Moore. E. latifolium, J. Sin. in Lond. Joarn. of But. i. jo.
197 {according to Moore).

ITab. Gn\a.ndi, Le Prieur, Schumburgk, n. 4i9. BravJ], Spruce, n. 2245 and
2869 (fertile fronds longer and narrower). Cuba, C. JVriyht, n. 969 (" A. alis-
mwfoliuni, Eat."). — Schoiiiburgk's specimens are the authority for this, and the
name is derived from the more or less winged character of the upper portion of
the stipes, arising from the decurrent base of the frond. A trifling circumstance,
I fear; and 1 am content, with J. Smith, to refer this species to small forms of
A. latifolium, or, with Eaton, to A. alismmfolium, or even to A. confunne.

20. A. (Elaphoglossum) calophyllum, Kze. ; ''sterile fronds
linear-oblong attenuated at both extremities marginate paral-
lelo-patenti-venose, the base of the veins elevated pale be-
neath glabrous above; fertile ones long-stipitate oblong-
narrow, the stipes sparsely paleaceous channelled above,
caudex creeping paleaceous." Fee. — Kze. in Linncea, ix. p.
27. Fee, Acrost.p. 36. Elaphoglossum, Moore.

Ilab. Peru, Poeppig. — I have no acknowledged specimen of this.

21. A. (Elaphoglossum) simplex, Sw. ; caudex rather stout
creeping ferrugineo-paleaceous, fronds coriaceous very opaque
blackish-brown when dry, venation quite internal obsolete
lanceolate long decurrent at the base acuminate ; sterile ones
6-12 inches long, with stipites 1-4 inches \o\\g; fertile ge-
nerally smaller or shorter stipites and more obtuse, costa
reddish.— -S?^;. Syn. Fit. p. 10. Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 100.
Fee, Acrost. p. 8G. Hook. Gen. Fil. t. \Ob.A. Olfersia, 7V.
Elaphoglossum, Schott. Moore. Olfersia nigrescens, A7. in
Herb. Reg. Berol. et in Herb, nostr.

llab. Jamaica, St. Vincent, Swarf:, Purdie, IVihon, Guilding. Brazil. — I
possess no autlienlic specimens of this Fern, and as there is no perfect figure of
it, some doubt will remain as to its determination. All I can say in favour of the
specimens I have in view being the plant, is that Dr. Grisebach has so named it,
and it will bear the name in his forthcoming volume of the ' Flora of the West
Indies.' It is of a dark chocolate-brown when dry, but, except in the more acu-
minated leaves, it is very closely allied to A. conforme.

22. A. (Elaphoglossum) Funckii, Fee; "sterile fronds

* The A. alatum. Gaud. (yf. sessile, Fee, name only), is a wretched figure,
without fructification and without description, given in the Voy. de la Bonite, t.
i:).'i, bv Gaudichaud, from the Sandwich Islands.

206 ACROSTICHUM, § ELAPHOGLOSSUM.

chartaceo-coriaceous discoloured obovato-elliptical ol^tuse at
tlie apex acute at the base, the margin entire decurrent upon
the short stipes which is black at the l^ase, veins scarcely-
conspicuous standing at an angle of SG° ; fertile ones lan-
ceolate rounded at the base brown beneath, stipites nigres-
cent, caudex creeping." — Fee, Acrost. p.S6. t. 6.f. 1.

Hab. Cumana, Funck, n. 642. Venezuela, Fendler, n. 429, Moore (I do not
find this in Eat. Fil. Wright, et Fendler.). — " Cette espece est parfaitement dis-
tincte ; cependant nous eussions vouhi la decrire d'apres plusieurs specimens.
Peut-etre la discolorite des froiules est-elle due a des causes accidentales ?" The
figure might well pass for a small specimen of A. latifoUum or a large one of A.
conforme.

23. A. (Elaphoglossum) Lepervanchii, Bory ; "fronds co-
riaceous rigid glabrous terminating in a short rigid acumen
attenuated or decurrent at the base or elliptical or oblongo-
lanceolate, with the margin semirevolute ; fertile ones equal
in size or scarcely longer and narrower, veins on the upper
surface impressed atrofuscous, caudex paleaceous thick as a
goose-quill uneven clothed as well as the stipites with broad
caducous scales." Fee. — Bory, in Fee, Acrost. p. 37. t. 9.
/. 1-

Hab. Bourbon, Bory. — " Cette espece a de grands rapports avec VA. glandu-
losum de Hooker: mais il n'y a point de glandes." Our A. glandulosum is an
acknowledged form oi A. conforme, winch varies with or without the minute
glandular scales. Is this otherwise different from that ubiquitous species .'

24. A. (Elaphoglossum) didynamum, Fee ; " fronds ceespi-
tose rigid glabrous ; sterile ones lanceolate acute at both ends
coriaceous fulvous when dry, the margin subrevolute, stipes
short nodose (near the base ?) ; fertile fronds lanceolato-
linear acuminate rubricose above decurrent at the base, the
margin plane repand almost twice longer than the sterile,
caudex thick in the upper portion bearing the persistent
bases of the old stipites." — Fee, Acrost. p. 37- t. IQ.f. 2.

Ilab. Bourbon. — "Cette plante a du rapport avec 1'^. Lepervanchii." — I
fear 1 shall weary ray readers with the constant references to A. conforme for
close affinities of so' many of M. Fee's supposed new species, at least as far as
can be judged from the author's figures and remarks.

A. (jorgoneum, placed next to this species by Fee (Acrost. p. 38), is not the
plant of Kaulfuss, from the Sandwich Islands, which belongs to the Olfersia
group, l)ut is the gorgoneum of Blume, which again is A. conforme.

25. A. (Elaphoglossum) notatum, Fee; "sterile fronds
ianceolato-oblong acute at each end stipitate beneath dotted
with narrow acute scales pale-red at the base ; /er///e ones

ACROSTICHUM, § EL A PHOGLOSSUM. 207

lanceolate fvl)ruptly acuminate obliquely cuneate at the base
long-stipitate, veins not extending to the margin turgid at
the apices resinose terminated with a black dot." — Fee,Acrosl.
p. 38. t. 10./. 1.

Hab. Bolivia, D'Orbigmj. — "Sterile frond nearly G inclies long and 1 inrh wide ;
its stipes 3.^ inches long : fertile frond 4 inches long, 1 wide, apiculated with a
sharp niucro ; stipes 7 inches long. Caudex unknown."

26. A. (Elaphoglossum) stiintatum, Bory ; ''fronds lan-
ceolate rather obtuse attenuated at the l)ase very long stipi-'
tate, veins minute placed at an angle of 45° scaly on the
upper ^i^lq; fertile {sterile?) ones with wltite scariose scales;
fertile ones with ferruginous scales, stipites flexuose, scales
sharply dentate, caudex creeping flexuose scaly, the scales
rufous long-acuminate." Fee. — Bory, in Fee, Acrost. p. 38. t.
4. /. 3.

Ilab. " Bourhon, Boryl" — " La discolorite des squames des lames sti'riles et
fertiles est un fait curieux: les poils qni se trouvent sur I'epispore constituent
anssi un fait singulier." The figure represents a long, creeping, paleaceous cau-
dex, thicker than a crow's quill ; stipites of the sterile fronds 5-7 inches long, of
the fertile fronds 9 inches long ; fronds uniform, 4-5 inches long, { an inch
wide.

27. A. (Elaphoglossum) petiolosum, Desv. ; caudex hori-
zontal or subascending densely clothed with purple-black
glossy subulate scales, stipites aggregated slender subulato-
squamulose 4-5 to 6-7 inches long of the sterile fronds; sterile
fronds 2-3 inches long i-j inch wide ol)long coriaceous
opaque suddenly terminated by a narrow-linear acumen at
the apex h an inch and more long obtuse at the base a little
repand and setoso-subserrulate at the margin ; fertile fronds
smaller H-2 inches long broader with a short acumen, veins
a little curved parallelo-furcate. — Desv. Joitrn. Bot. 1813. p.
271. Fee, Acrost. p. 38. t. 14. /. 1. Olfersia, Pr. Acrost.
caudatum. Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 215. Elaphoglossum, Moore.
Fee, Acrost. p. 39.

Hal). "Peru, J. de Jussieit." Pilzhun, Ecuador, Jameson. — k well-marked
species, with a very long, linear apiculus to the fronds, and almost jet-black,
scales to the caudex.

28. A. (Elaphoglossum) Tambillcnse, Hook. ; caudex as
thick as a man's finger copiously radiculose erect or ascend-
ing very paleaceous with rich-brown glossy subulate some-
what crisped scales, stipites aggregated slender stramineous
quite ghdjrous 2-3 inches long (shorter in tlie fertile ones)
spreading and subflexuose ; sterile fronds 2.^-3 inches long

208 ACROSTICHUM, § EL APIIOG LOSS UM.

.1-1^ wide below the middle coriaceo-membranaceous from a
truncated or very obtuse base ovato-oblong gradually and
sharply acuminated scarcely thickened at the margin, costa
slender, veins very slightly prominent beneath; fertile honds
much smaller scarcely 1 ^ inch long oblongo-acuminate with
under side wholly soriferous. — Hook. Ic. PL t. 856.

Hab. Ecuador, sides of ravines, Tambillo. near Quito, Jameson. — Somewhat
allied to Desvaux's A. petiolosmn, but very distinct.

29. A. (Elaphoglossum) minutum, Pohl ; " small, fronds
entire decurrent; sterile ones lanceolate helveolous acute at
both ends membranaceous, stipes and costa scaly ; fertile
ones half-shorter rather obtuse at the apex, caudex repent
clothed with ovate acute fulvous scales." Fee. — Pohl, in Fee,
Acrost.p. 39. /. 10./. 3.

Hab. " Brazil, Pohl." — Fee has seen only one specimen of this little plant,
■which well represents an Acrostichwn I have from Venezuela, n. 9G8 of Fendler ;
but it does not accord with Fee's characters of the colour of the frond or its
membranaceous texture. This latter plant is referred by Moore to A. affine {A.
unitum, Fee).

30. A. (Elaphoglossum) acr'ocarpon, Mart. ; caudex 1-2
feet long thick as a swan's quill recumbent terete, at the
apex only ascending clothed with subulato-setaceous dark-
brown spreading scales, stipites alternate upon the caudex
numerous terete subulato-setaceo-squamose 2-3 inches long
of the sterile frond ; sterile fronds firm-coriaceous 3-4 inches
long 4-5 lines wide linear-oblong obtuse dark-green slightly
attenuated below, the margin recurved, above dotted with
minute whitish fringed ovate scales beneath naked except
the prominent costa which has hair-like scales ; fertile fronds
on very long stipites and rising much above the sterile ones
with which they accord in shape and size but they are plane
not recurved at the margin and beneath wdioUy soriferous,
veins evident on the under side patent. — Mart. Crypt. Bras,
p. 85. t. 23. Fee, Acrost.p. 39. Olfersia, Pr. Elaphoglos-
sum, Moore.

Hab. Brazil, Minas Geraes, Martins. New Granada, Purdie. Ecuador, on
Mount Mulmul, alt. 8000-9000 feet. Spruce, n. 5229.— It is a pleasure to come
to such a fine and distinctly marked species as the present, after wading through
such a host of dubious ones.

31. A. (Elaphoglossum) diinorphum, Hook, and Grev. ;
caudex horizontal or subascending creeping scaly at the apex

ACROSTICIIIM, § KLAPHOGI.OSSI'M. 209

thickish, stipites copious approximate and even crowded 4
inches to a span long suhrobust paleaceous throughout;
sterile fronds 3-4 inches long olilongo-lanceolate cosfate ob-
tuse coriaceo-membranaceous lobato-pinnatifid at the margin,
younger ones punctato-squamulose, veins obliquely patent,
costse beneath deciduously squamulose ; fertile ones small
subentire or sinuato-lobate. — Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fit. t. 145.
Fee, Hist, des Acrost. p. 40. Hook. 2d Cent, of Ferns, t. 90.
Olfersia, Pr. Elaphoglossum, Moore. Microstaphyla fur-
cata, Fee, Jme Mem. Fomj. Nouv. p. 145. t. 13. f. 1. C {not
Pr.).

Hab. St. Helena, on rocks and walls : on the summit of Diana's Peak, Shider,
J. D. Hooker, Capt. llanghion. — A remarkable species, peculiar to the summit of
the little island of St. Helena. Fertile fronds very rare; for a long time I pos-
sessed but onesi)ecimen in that state at the time the figure was made for the Ic.
Fil. 1. c, but that arising from the same candex as the sterile fronds, Ilapi)ily 1 have
very recently received from Captain Haughton a series of beautiful siiecimens
fully confiiming the great accuracy of that plate, and consequently not justifying
the remark of M. Fee, that our figure " peche par I'exactitude, la fronde fertile
figuree u'appartenant pas vraisemblablement aux frondes steriles." Ample sjje-
cimens, too, from the same source, of the following species, A. hifnrcalum, also
confirm our views of the distinctness of the two species in opposition to those of
M. Fee. — See our observations on these two very interesting species in our
' Second Century of Ferns.'

32. A. (Elaphoglossum) hifurcatum, S\v. ; caudex hori-
zontal or ascending creeping imperfectly scaly at the apex
the rest quite glabrous and scaleless, stipites densely crowded
very slender stramineo-fuscous 3-6 inches long ; sterile
fronds 2-4 inches long oblongo-lanceolate with tiie rachis
winged, pinnae (or ratlier segments) linear distant simple but
generally once or twice forked costate or one-veined ; fertile
fronds smaller oblongo-linear obtuse, pinnae (or segments)
short cuneate or subquadrate, upper ones coadunate, the
apices bi-quadrifid or bi-trifurcate, veins bi-trifurcate. — Sw.
Syn. Fil. p. 42. Schk. Fil. t. 3. HVld. Sp. PI. v. p. 114.
j'look. 2d Cent, of Ferns, ^ 91. Osmunda, J acq. Coll. t. 20.
/. 2. Olfersia, Pr. Polybotrya, Moore. Gymnogramme,
Kze. in Linncen, x. p. 496. Microstaphyla furcata, Pr.
Epiniel. Bot. p. 161. Fee, Ime Mem. Fong. Nouv. p. 45. t.
13. /. 1 and 1. B. Darea furcans, Bory, Voy. Coquitle, Bot.
p. 269. /. :i5. f. 2 {sterile). Agramme paradoxa. Fee, Gen.
Fil. p. 64. — Filicula cornuta Insulie Sanctoe Hclentc, Pluken.

Hab. St. Helena, abundant, on wet rocks and mossy banks, to an alt. of 1000
feet (/. D. //.). First recorded by PInkpiipt, IfiO years ago, as " Filicula rornufa

210 ACROSTICHUM, § ELAPHOGLOSSUM.

Insulae Sanctje Helenae ;" since collected by Sir G. Staunton, Menzies, Shuier,
Cuming, n. 420 and 421, Nuttall, Lady Dalhousie, Dr. Lyall, Seemann, J. D.
Hooker, Haughion, etc. — A very curious and certainly very peculiar form for an
Acrostichum ; yet from its close natural affinity with A. dimorphicm, I should be
unvFilling to separate it from that genus (as Presl has done), nor can I see any
good to be derived from so doing. We have abnormal species in plenty and must
expect abnormal genera.

** Fronds more or less soft or suhflaccid. 33, 44.

33. A. (Elaphoglossum) Boryanum, Fee ; caudex large
creeping knotty the upper part densely ferrugineo-paleaccous
with large ovato-lanceolate scales, stipites aggregated 3-5
inches to a foot long (and in one of our sterile specimens
nearly 2\ feet long) copiously furfuraceo-squarrose with
spreading brownish sublanceolate scales but varying in size
and shape and more or less deciduous ; sterile fronds firm-
membranaceous subpellucid 8-10 inches to 12-15 inches
long 2\ (in one instance) to 5 inches broad oblong acuminate
or often notched and proliferous at the apex broadly cuneate
at the base minutely ciliato- serrate and often fringed with
scales when young, dotted more or less on both sides with
minute fringed scales, costa piloso-squamulose ; fertile fronds
smaller and narrower 6-8 inches long 1 inch wide. — Fee,
Acrost.p. 40. Elaphoglossum, Moore.

Hab. Tropical America: Guadeloupe, VHerminier, in Herb, nostr.; Mar-
tinique {Fee); Dominica, Couliabon Mountains, Dr. Imray ; Trinidad, Crnger ;
Ecuador, on trees foot of Chimborazo, alt. 3000 feet, Spruce. — One specimen
including stipes, from Mr. Spruce, measures 3^ feet long, and some very young
fronds which we possess are caudato-acurainate at the apex and fringed with
scales at the minutely serrated margin.

34. A. (Elaphoglossum) hyhridum, Bory; caudex stout
creeping knotty, where the stipites arise densely clothed with
silky slender glossy narrow-subulate dark purple-brown or
almost black scales, stipites aggregated 4-6-7 inches long
generally slender flexuose stramineous or tawny paleaceo-
villous with rather sparse long subulate horizontally patent
brown scales 2-3 lines long; sterile fronds submembrana-
ceous rarely subcoriaceous usually subpellucid 5-10 inches
long 1^-2 inches broad oblong-lanceolate acuminate obtuse
rarely attenuated at the base, the margin and partially the
costa beneath especially near the base fringed with long soft
subulate brown hairs, costa nearly plane on both sides, veins
manifest subhorizontally patent ; fertile frond smaller 3-5
inches long rarely 1 inch wide oblong obtuse with a stipes

ACROSTICIIUM, § ELAPIIOGLOS8UM. 211

frequently of the same length as the sterile. — a, submembra-
naceum; fronds subnienibranaceous subpellucid, stipites
slender. A. hybridum, Bory, Voy. iii. p. 95. Sw. Syn. Fit
p. 11. Wil/d. Sp. PI. V. p. 107. Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t.
21 [excellent, taken from Sieber's specimen, n. 27). Fee,
Acrost. p. 40. t. 9./. 4 [va-y faithful, but a small plant).
Elaphoglossum, Moore. Olfersia, Fr. A. villosum, Sieb.
Syn. Fil. n. 27 [non Siv.). Acrost. ciliare, P. Thouars, Fl.
Trlst. d'Acunha, p. 32. Carmich. in Fl. Trist. d'Acun. in
Linn. Trans, xii.jo. 510. — ^,subcoriaceum; fronds thicker and
more opaque, stipites stouter. — 7, minus ; fronds ovato-ob-
long more acuminated. A. hybridum, ^, Vulcani, Lcperv.in
Fee, Acrost. p. 44. t. 9. /. 3.

Hab. a. Bourbon and Mauritius, Bory, Carmichael, Dojer, Boutan, etc. Tristan
d'Acunha, P. Thouars, Carmichael. Peak of Fernando Po, alt. 4000-5000 feet,
G. Mann. — j8. Mauritius, Bojer. — 7. Lofty volcanic mountains of Bourbon, Le-
pervanche. Volcanic mountains of the Cameroons, alt. 8000 feet, G. Mann. —
M. Fee retains the South American A. erinaceum as distinct from the African A.
hybridum, and he quotes Siel)er's Syn. Fil. n. 27 and Bojer as authority for this
species ; yet he refers our figure of A. hybridum (Ic. Fil. t. 2), which is admira-
bly copied from these very specimens, to his A. erinaceum. See our next species,
A. scolopendrifolium.

35. A. (Elaphoglossum) scolopendrifolium, Raddi ; caudex
short stout thicker than a man's thumb subrepent or ascend-
ing densely clothed with long ferruginous or dark-brown
soft linear-lanceolate crisped scales, stipites 4-6-8 inches
long (about the same length \n the, fertile as the sterile irond)
stramineous densely crinite wdth long spreading soft hori-
zontally patent dark rufo- ferruginous sul)ulato-setaceous
scales, similar scales are also abundant all along the margins
of the frond upon the costa on both sides (often there deci-
duous) and in one case covering the upper and under side of
the sterile fronds so copiously and perfectly as to give an
erinaceous aspect to the plant and then of a rich ferruginous
colour; sterile fronds firm-membranaceous somewhat satiny
subpellucid 5-15 inches long li-3 inches wide oblongo-
lanceolate acuminate rarely tapering moderately in tlie
lower half (not decurrent) sometimes cordate at the base,
the margin a little thickened, costa plane, veins very mani-
fest close-placed ; fertile fronds smaller and narrower 3-S
inches long \ an inch to more than 1 inch wide obtuse the
whole under side soriferous except on the costa. — Raddi,
Fil. Bras. p. 4. t. IG {excl. Syn. Bory). Fee, Acrost. p. 42.
OUersia, Pr. Elaphoglossum, Moore. A. erinaceum. Fee,

212 ACROSTICHUM, § EL APHOGLOSSUM .

Acrosi. p. 41 {excl. syn. Hook, and Grev.). Elaphoglossum,
Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 336 {excl. syn. Hook, and Grev.).

Hab. Tropical America : Brazil, Raddi, Douglas ; Surinam, Hostmann,n. 1082 :
Veraguas, Seemann, n. 1581 ; Guatemala, Skinner ; New Granada, Linden, n. 1495 ;
Venezuela, F(?w«?/er, n. 2G4 {caudex 2 inches thick, including the dense paleaceous
clothing; young plants with the stipes and under side of the costa black-crinite with
the copious scales, while the rest of the frond, of a bright-green, is quite naked ,■ the
veins not unfrequently anastomosing) ; Andes of Peru, M' Lean, Mathezvs; Ecuador,
forests on the west side of Pichincha, Jameson (splendidly erinaceous). — On the
identity of this fine but variable Fern with the African u4. hybridum, it behoves
us all to speak with caution. There is nothing improbable nor unusual in the
same species inhabiting such widely remote localities ; and'considering the great
difference of soil and climate, — the one inhabiting lofty volcanic mountains of
Africa, the other the moist forests of tropical America,- — it is possible that much
of the difference may be due to local circumstances.

36. A. (Elaphoglossum) Hystrix, Kze. ; "frond linear-
oblong attenuated at the base acuminated at the apex margi-
nate glabrous at the margin densely curvato-paleaceous, costa
stout canaliculate above sparingly more densely beneath
horrid with black rigid deflexed scales (sterile only)." — Kze.
in Linnaea, ix. p. 26. Fee, Acrost. p. 45. Elaphoglossum,
Moore.

Hab. Peru, Pampayaco, Pffijw/if^r. — " Stipites 2\ inches long, reddish, lineari-
paleaceous at the brown base, above, as well as the costa, clothed with lanceo-
lato-subulate black scales; fronds 15-20 inches long, above deep, beneath pale
green, parallelo-patenti-villose ; scales of the margin of the frond minute, brown,
from a subovate base, subulate, curved." Kze. — Surely this cannot be far re-
moved from some of the forms of A. scolopendrifolium ? I possess no authentic
specimen of the plant.

37. A. (Elaphoglossum) undulatum, Willd. ; " caudex
creeping with the scales lanceolato-subulate brown," stipites
5 inches long (equal in the sterile and fertile plant) densely
paleaceo-villous with subulate ferruginous horizontal scales
not more than 1 line long; sterile frond membranaceous
subpellucid 10 inches long 2 inches wide oblongo-lanceolate
obtusely cuneate at the base gradually narrowing upwards
but in my specimen notched at the apex and proliferous on
the costa, the margin entire ciliated with setaceous soft hairs
or scales and the same are scattered over the surface of the
frond and more copiously on the slightly prominent and
reddish costa beneath, veins manifest singularly wide (not
less than 2 lines apart) often once- or twice-forked; fertile
frond 3 inches long 8 lines wide oblongo-cuneate at the base
bluntly acuminate, the margin and costa decidedly ciliated. —
Jl'illd.'Sp. PI. V. p. 105. Kaulf. En. Fil. p.6\. Fee, Acrost.

p. 42. Oli'ersia, Pr. Elaphoglossum, Moore. Acrost. po-

ACROSTICIIIJM, ^ KI.APIIOGLOSsrM. 213

dotricbum, Desv. {Fee). "A. aureum, Sieb. Ftl. Mart. n.
■34(), and in Herb. 7ioftir." — Fee quotes Plum. Fil. t. 12G as
" bunn.^^ I should not have recognized it as representing n)y
specimens.

Hah. Martinique, Plumior?, Sifiher. Fee gives Mauritius, Commerson. — My
only specimens are a single sterile and ferlile frond from Sieber, Martinique ;
and these seem to partake in some degree of the nature i)oth of yl. hybridum
and of A. scolopeiidrifoliii III, and it is said to inhabit both Mauritius and the
West Indies. In size and lexture it best accords with the former; in the crinite
scales on the surface of the frond it is most allied to the latter: hut these scales
are shorter than in either of the others, and on the stipes much more copious
and persistent than in A. hybridum. The very remotely placed veins, too. are
quite remarkable. In A. scolopendrifolhim they are two or three times closer
than here.

38. A. (Elaphoglossum) apoduin, Klfs. ; caudex thick
knotty densely ferrugineo-paleaceous with very long narrow-
linear subulate soft crisjjed scales, stipites costtB beneath the
margins especially and sometimes the under side of the sterile
fronds ferrugineo-villose with soft setaceous hairs which are
often deciduous ; sterile fronds firm-membranaceous rarely
subcoriaceous 1-1 1 foot long \\-2h inches wide in the
broadest part above the middle oblongo-spathulate acuminate
a little thickened at the margin below gradually tapering into
a short stipes 1-2 inches rarely more long, veins united at
the summit with the thickened' margin ; fertile fronds much
smaller glaljrous 4-8 inches long (never attaining to the
height of the sterile fronds) tapering into a stipes 2-6 inches
long.— A7/s. En. Fil. p. 59. Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 99.
Fee, Acrost. p. 42. Elaphoglossum, Schott. Moore. Ol-
fersia, Pr. Acrost. platyiieurum, Fee, p. 45. t. 4. /. 1.

Ilab. AVest Indian Islands: Montserrat (Ryan)- St. Vincent, L. Ouildiiiy;
Jamaica. M'Fadi/en, JJ'il.ion, Purdie ; Cuba, Linden, n. 2056, C. Jf'riyht, n. 967.
Venezuela, Fend'ler, u. 430. Brazil, Para, Spruce, n. 9, 16, San Gabriel, n. 2186
(very fine specimens). — The Brazilian specimens are peculiarly fine. Fee is dis-
posed to refer the A. melanos/ictum, Bl. (Fil. Jav. t. 7), to this; but that is quite
gIal)rous, and the sterile fronds are alone known. The venation, too, if correctly
described, is different. The ./. platyneuron of Fee seems in no way whatever
distinct from tliis.

39. A. (Elaphoglossum) stenopteris, Kl. ; caudex stout
short scaly, stipites terminal ctespitose very short scarcely h
an inch long subsquarrose with patent ovate acuminated
scales which become narrow and subulate on the back of the
base of the costa, fronds as well as the stipites nearly uni-
form in the sterile fronds firm-membranaceous 1-H foot
lonij 6-9 lines wide in the middle linear-ensiforni acumi-

214 ACROSTICHUM, § EL APHOGLOSSUM.

nate tapering downwards and long decurrent on the stipes,
entire or slightly repando-crenate scarcely margined gla-
brous,*costa very stout pale reddish-stramineous, veins ra-
ther distant all terminating within the margin with clavate
apices and on the upper side of the frond an intramarginal
line of blackish dots indicates the free apices of the veins ;
fertile fronds a little shorter and narrower and upon a rather
longer stipes (2 inches long), sori in my specimen confined
to the upper half of the frond having at the base of the
frond a slight contraction, the other half or more resembling
the sterile frond. — Kl. in Linnaea, xx. p. 420. Eat. in Fit.
Wright, and Fendl. p. 421. Elaphoglossum, Moore.

Hab. Columbia, Moritz, n. 234. Venezuela, Fendler, n. 282. — Perhaps the
nearest affinity of this is with our following species, J. nigrescens, in habit and
form of the sterile fronds, and in the venation ; but the colour and texture of
the two are very different, — here green and membranaceous,— and the sterile
fronds and stipites are quite unlike.

40. A. (Elaphoglossum) nigrescens, Hook. ; caudex erect
or ascending (apparently not at all creeping) destitute of
scales, fronds close tufted terminal ; sterile ones coriaceo-
membranaceous black-brown firm yet subtranslucent 5-9
inches long 4-7 lines wide in the widest part above the mid-
dle quite glabrous linear-subspathulato-lanceolate obtusely
acuminate gradually tapering below into a very short winged
stipes, the margin quite entire plane not thickened, veins
distant thickened and clavate at the apex never extending
to the margin ; fertile fronds 2-3 inches long 3 lines wide
linear obtuse shortly tapering at the base into a slender an-
gular stipes 8-12 inches long intensely black as well as the
costa,

Hab. Roraima, British Guiana, Schomburgk. — This, too, has all the appearance
of an aquatic Fern, and is quite distinct from A. apodum and A. palmlre. The
venation is very evident and very peculiar, as is the great length of the stipites of
the fertile frond and the small size of the latter, but which together are twice as
long as the stipites and frond united.

41. A. (Elaphoglossum) palustre, Hook. ; caudex long
creeping densely rooting with black branching fibres palea-
ceous towards the extremity with lanceolato-subulate long
dark-brown often falcate scales, stipites and back of the
costa in like manner paleaceous with smaller scales ; sterile
fronds blackish-green firm-membranaceous glabrous 1 foot
long 1-1 1 inch wide in the broadest part above the middle
spathulato-lanceolate acuminate tapering gradually below and

ACBOSTICIIUM, § ELAPIIOGI.OSSUM. 215

terminating more or less suddenly upon the short stipes 1-2
inches long, the margin slightly thickened and undulato-
crenate, costa prominent beneath, veins approximate united
to the thickened margin ; fertile fronds always longer than
the sterile ones 1-H foot and more long 4 lines wide at the
utmost linear tapering into a stipes 2-3 inches long often
sterile below, contracted upwards and there widening and
soriferous beneath.

H.-iI). Banks of the Onitoha, Niger Exp., Barter, n. 1452, and Sierra Leone,
Barter. In swamps, Ambus Bay, tropical West Africa, G. Mann, n. 785. —
Quite different from A. apodum in the caudex, fertile fronds, and in the entire
a!)sence of villosity tliroughout the whole fronds. It has quite the apjiearance
of a swamp-loving plant. Sterile fronds have great resemblance to the figure of
J. melanontictum of Blume (of which the fructification is unknown) ; but that,
though it has been referred by Ft'e to the American A. apodum, is a coriaceous
species and is probably identical with our next species, A. Norrisii.

42. A. (Elaphoglossum) Norrisii, Hook. ; caudex subre-
pent (possibly subscandent) clothed with rather large oblong
entire ferruginous scales, fronds sessile or nearly so hard-
coriaceous glabrous opaque dark-brown when dry ; sterile
ones 10-18 inches long | to rather more than 1 inch broad
above the middle lanceolate obtusely acuminate gradually
attenuated downwards from the broadest part and decurrent
upon the broad stipes nearly or quite to the caudex, near the
base on the under side minutely furfuraceous or subglandu-
lose and on the same part of the frond may generally be
seen extremely minute pale dots as if glands had fallen away,
the margin entire not thickened but slightly reflexed, costa
strong broad and elevated towards the base, veins patent very
obscure and only seen on the under side in the younger spe-
cimens ; fertile fronds 6-10 inches long 4-6 lines wide linear
very obtuse tapering down upon the stipes as in the sterile
fronds. — A. melanostictum, Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 26. t. 7 ?

Hah. Penang, -SVr Wm. Norris. J a\ a?, Blume. — I should certainly have re-
ferred this well-marked species to Blume's A. melanosficton (of which the sterile
fronds are known), were it not that Fee says be has seen an authentic specimen of
Blume's plaTit in tlie Paris Herbarium, that the black dots which gave rise to the
name are a parasitic fungus ; and he unites the plant with the South American A.
apodum, horn which its "coriaceous" (Bl.) texture would, I should have thought,
alone distinguish it. It is true that Blume's artist has represented the veins too
distinct for our plant, but Blume himself says " venaj supra vix conspicua-, subtus
paululo <listinctiores."

43. A. (Elaphoglossum) micradeimim, Fee ; caudex very
long creeping paleaceous with rufous-brown subulr.te scales,
stipites nearly uniform 3-6 inches long distant stramineous

216 ACROSTICIIUM, § ELAPHOGLOSSUM.

flexuose slightly paleaceous ; fertile fronds papyraceo-niem-
branaceous dark-green younger ones vernicose oblong acu-
minate 3-6 inches long \-\\ inch wide subcaudato-acuminate
entire minutely punctato-glandulose, the base narrowly at-
tenuated slightly thickened at the margin, costa slender very
distinct uniting with the margin ; fertile fronds much smaller
1-2 inches long narrow-oblong obtuse. — A. micradenium,
Fee, Acrost.p. 43. t. 8. _/', 1 {sterile fronds only). Elapho-
glossum, Moore. E. nitidum, Brack. Fit. U. S. Expl. Exp.
p. 70. t. 9.

Hab. Sandwich Islands, Gaudichaud, Brackenridge, Hillebrand. Sumatra,
Teschemacher (sterile). — A very well marked species, remarkable for the papyra-
ceous texture of the fronds, especially of the younger ones, which are, moreover,
vernicose.

44. A. (Elaphoglossum) stiymatolepis, Fee; "s/en/e fronds
membranaceous papyraceous lanceolate acuminate acute at
the base, the margin entire slightly revolute, costa depressed
clothed with lateral scattered ovate scales subglabrous on
both sides marked with reddish dots (scars of fallen scales),
veins slender not attaining the margin turgid pellucid and
punctiform at the apex ;ye/-/i/e ones lanceolate narrower long-
cuneate at the base, stipites equal in both depressed canali-
culato-striated sulcate at the base blackish with scales, cau-
dex creeping bearing branched tomentose fibrous roots." —
Fee. Acrost.p. 62. t. 24. /'. 2. Kze. in Linncea, xxiv. jo. 248.
Elaphoglossum, Moore.

Hab. Nt'ilglierries (/^ei?), to which Kunze adds Java. — Fee represents the stipites
5-7 inches long, the fronds 6 inches long, 8-10 lines wide. Unknown to me.

B. Fronds linear. 45-58.

45. A. (Elaphoglossum) Herminieri, Bory ; caudex very
stout short subrepent clothed with a very dense fulvous mass
of long linear silky scales, stipites very short almost none
tufted; sterile fronds coriaceous glabrous 1^-3 feet long
1-1 1 inch wide linear ensiformi long-acuminated and below
very long-attenuated so as to form a winged stipes, costa
broad and as well as the short stipes complanate ; fertile
fronds very short but broader in proportion 3-4 inches long
1-1 i inch wide elliptical subacute, their stipes only a few lines
long. — Bory, in Fee, Acrost. p. 43. t. 11.

ITab. Tropical America: Guadeloupe, L Herminier : Cuba, C. Wright, n. 971 ;
Guiana, Le Prieur, Appun ; Brazil, Blanchet (Fee). — A very noble species, but
the fertile fronds look hke dwarfs amidst the noble tufts of sword-shaped sterile

ACROSTICIIUM, § ELAIMIOGLOSSUM. 217

46. A, (Elaphoglossum) dissimile, Kze. ; " sterile frond
obloiigo-linear, towards the l)ase very long-attenuate, acumi-
nate at the apex above and at the margin very minutely all^o-
squamulose, the scales ciliate, glabrous beneath, stipes short
sparingly paleaceous ; fertile frond sublinear above densely
scaly, scales cihated, stipes elongated marginate squamoso-
])aleaceous." — Kze, in Linnceo, ix. p. 28, Fee, Acrost. p. 44.
Elaphoglossum, Moore. Olfersia, Pr.

Ilal). Cassapi, Peru, Poeppig, in Herb, nostr., from Kunze. — Sterile fronds
14-15 inches long, 1^- inch w'xdt ; fertile ones 9 inches long, 7-8 lines wide.
Kunze says, "insigniter species, quod aupra squamulosa et subtus glahra." Fee
remarks, " elle n'a pas de caracteres bien tranches." My original si)ecinien from
Kunze, perhaps through age, has no trace of small scales, and placed side by side
of an equally authentic specimen of A. alismafolia, not the shadow of a difference
can be seen.

47. A. (Elaphoglossum) affine, Mart, and Gal. ; " fronds
elongato-linear acuminate at both extremities, the margin
entire narrowly revolute long decurrent coriaceous opaque
quite glabrous (probably from the scales being deciduous),
stipites elongated depressed smooth ; fertile ones conform
brownish above, caudex thick as a sparrow's quill creeping
clothed with lanceolate scales. Fee. — Mart, and Gal. Fit.
Mex. p. 24. t. .3. /. 1. Metten. Fil. Lechl. p. .S. Liebm. Fil.
Me.r. p. 13. Elaphoglossum, Moore. Acrost. unitum, Bo7'i/,
in Fee, Acrost. p. 44.

Hab. Mexico, Galeotti, alt. 5000 feet, n. 6548, Liebmann. alt. 10,000 feet.
?ern, Lec/ilir, n. 17 i4. Ecuador, /a?«e60)i. Cuba, C. Wri(//it, n. [)G8. Santa
Martha, Purdie. — Moore has given other localities, which I am not able to verify.
My specimens from the stations above quoted are probably one and the same
plant, of which Galeotti's is perhaps the type. Eut I agree with Foe in the
remark, "que cette espuce n'a pas de caractt-res bien tranches." They are all
small, rarely exceeding a span in length, including the stipes ; and there is, to
my mind, a great affinity with some dwarf forms of A. conforme.

48. A. (Elaphoglossum) falcatum, Fee ; '• fronds linear
acuminate falcate rigid opaque attenuated at the base be-
neath having sparse ovato-lanceolate scales especially near
the costa, glabrous above ; fertile fronds acute at both extre-
mities scarcely falcate longer than the stipites depressed cana-
liculate, costa slightly channelled, caudex creeping thick as
a goose-quill clothed with ovate scales." — Fee, Acrost. p. 44.
/. 21./ 1.

Ilab. IJourbon, l.ppervanche and Ricliard. — " Cette espece, bien distincte, a Ic
port de 1'-^. salicifoliiim." The figure represents the sterile stipites .3-4 inches
long, their fronds 8-9 inches long, J-1 inch wide, very acuminate ; fertile fron<l
9 inches long, oblongo-lanceolate, obtuse ; scales of the caudex ovate, very
obtuse.

VOL. V. 2 F

218 ACROSTICHUM, § ELA PHOGLOSSUM.

49. A. (Elaphoglossum) Martinicense, Desv. ; " fronds
rigid coriaceous opaque linear long-attenuated below decurrent
very glabrous smooth, veins lying at an angle of 45°, margins
revolute ; fertile fronds scarcely broader than the sterile,
stipes longer, margins plane repand, costa broad canaliculate,
younger ones with the margins plicate, caudex creeping thick
as a child's finger, scales lanceolate margined with long arti-
culated or sometimes strangulated hairs/' F'ee. — Desv. in Fee,
Acrost. p. 45. t. 16./. 3. Gi'iseh. Fl. Br. W. hid. ii. ined. Ela-
phoglossum, Moore. Acrost. glabellum, Kl. in Linncea, xx. p.
421. Elaphoglossum, /. Sm.

Hab. Tropical America : Souffriere, Guadeloupe, Parker, " one specimen pass-
ing into ^. simplex;" Cuba, C. Wright, n. 789; Jamaica, M'Fadyen; Guiana,
Schoniburlk, n. 447, Appun, n. 138 ; Brazil, Baua de Rio Negro, Spruce, n.
1426. — Many other localities are given by Moore, but which I have not the
means of identifying. Fee's figures of A. Martinicense, t. 16, f. 3, well repre-
sent our plant from Cuba ; they are taller and more graceful than our Mexican
and Guadeloupe ones. In our plants the fronds are 6-8 inches long, quite nar-
row, spear-shaped, sharply acuminated, and narrowly attenuated below, every-
where glabrous and scaleless ; stipites 2-3-6 inches long.

50. A. (Elaphoglossum) leptophyllum, Fee; " fronds linear
rather obtuse attenuated at the base, petioles helveolous,
scales ovate acuminate dentate ; sterile ones thicker, costa
narrowly canaliculate ; fertile ones larger longer stipitate,
caudex creeping thick as a goose-quill clothed with soft ful-
vous scales." — Fee, Acrost. p. 45. t. I7. /. 1. Elaphoglos-
sum, Moore.

Hab. Brazil, 5/ancAe/. " Venezuela, jPe?«rf/er, w. 276, 277 " {3Ioore). — "Elle
differe de VA. Martinicense par des petioles libres de tout parenchyme et paleaces
k la base, par des lames terminees en pointe emoussee, par la nature des squames
de rhizome," etc. Some of my specimens under A. affine much resemble M.
Fee's figures, as do Fendler's Acrost. from Venezuela, n. 276 and 277.

51. A. (Elaphoglossum) Calaguala, Kl. ; caudex thick
clothed with small black glossy straight (not flexuose) subu-
late imbricated scales, stipites crowded at the extremity of
the branches reddish-brown as well as the rather stout bright
reddish costa and both (at the base especially) rough with small
blackish rather rigid scales, stipites of the sterile fronds 1 inch
long, of the fertile ones 4 inches ; fronds coriaceous reddish-
brown, sterile ones 3-4 inches long \ of an inch wide linear
very obtuse and very long and narrowly attenuated upon the
stipes lepidote above being sparsely dotted with very minute
whitish closely pressed irregularly orbicular scales which are
more numerous and patent at the margin beneath indistinctly

ACROSTICHl'M, § K I^A I'HOG LOSSU M . 219

glandular and subviscid./er/zVe fronds much overtopping the
sterile fronds from the longer stipites 3-4 inches long nar-
rower than they and more finely attenuated upon the stipes,
veins indistinct but slightly prominent beneath. — A7. in
Linnan, xx. p. 421. Elaphoglossum, Moore.

Hal). Merida, Columbia, Moritz {in Herb, nostr., from Klotzsch). Vervi, Ruiz,
Herb. n. 54 {fide Moore). — I liave drawn up my character of this from one of
Moritz's original specimens. Though the author, Dr. Klotzsch, assigns no reason
for calling this plant " Calar/uala,^' it is presumed he does so from a conviction of
its being the Calaguala Jl/ediana of the Peruvian pharmacy, described under that
head and with tlie botanical name of Acroslichiim /Inasseno by Ruiz, and pub-
lished in Lambert's work onChinchona, p. 128 {Elaphoglossum Ruizianum, Moore,
Ind. Fil. p. 353, name only). I possess from Dr. Jameson, Quitinian Andes, n.
44, a nearly allied, if it be not really a distinct species, with a very long, stout,
apparently scandent candex, paleaceous or rather densely crinite with long, narrow,
dark-brown, lax and very falcate, glossy scales, quite different from those of A.
Calaguala, and which extend somewhat up the stipites, gradually upwards be-
coming smaller, slenderer, and paler-coloured, and mixed with some broad peltate
ones ; the fronds are longer than those of Calaguala, and the younger ones are
scurfily lepidote on the upper side, towards the margin are small broad-subulate
scales ; beneath, the fronds are very minutely glanduloso-punctate ; stipites of the
fertile fronds a span long. Neither are ray sjjccimt'ns sutHcient, nor is Ruiz's
description sufhciently minute to settle the point of identity. Pritzel, indeed,
refers to publislied figures of Ruiz's plant, viz. Bert. Amoen. It. 2, and Opusc.
Soc. IJon. t. 8 ; but I have no access to them.

52. A. (Elaphoglossum) Auberiii, Desv. ; caudex horizon-
tal densely rooting paleaceous, stipites of the sterile fronds
stramineous short tufted crinite with long copious fulvous
patent subulate scales, the fronds firm-membranaceous 1-1 ^
foot long 4-f i'l^h broad near the middle linear-lanceolate
finely acuminated moderately attenuated at the base and
there obtuse (not decurrent) sul)repand, costa very pale
sparsely paleaceous, veins conspicuous erecto-patent simple
or forked disappearing within the margin ; fertile fronds 2-3
inches long A-J of an inch wide elliptical-oblong obtuse or
acute on stipites 7-8 inches long. — Desv, Journ. Bat. 1813.
p. 2/2. Fee, Acrost. p. 45. t. 18. /. 1. Elaphoglossum,
Moore. Acrost. Klotzschii, Moritz, in Eat. Fil. IVrigJit. et
Fendl.p. 194.

Hab. Tropical Africa: Bourbon, " /?<??-?i/er," e/e./ Zaml)esi, on tlie vegetal)le
mould among the dense jungle of Mount Dzomba, alt. G500 feet. Dr. Kiri-, ?/»
Livingstone's Ecp. (sterile). East tropical Africa: Fernando Fo, alt. 7000 feet on
tlin Peak, G. Mann, n. 662. Tropical America: Venezuela, /'e«r//er, /». 265,281,
Funck and Sc/ilim, n. 968. — I agree with Moore in referring here the Fendi^rian
A. Klotzschii of South America, but I can almost perceive a passage between
this and A. lineare. Fee,— not very well figured in his ' Ilistoire des Acro-
stichees.'

220 ACROSTICHUM, § ELAPHOGLOSSUM.

53. A. (Elaphoglossum) viscosum, Sw. ; caudex creeping
or ascending thick generally clothed at the apex with dark-
brown or black more or less subulate scales, stipites clus-
tered mostly elongated but varying much in length 3-4-6-10
inches long longest in the fertile fronds smooth or more or
less dotted with blackish furfuraceous scales which often ex-
tend to the under side of the costa ; sterile fronds 5 inches
to a foot long J-| or rarely 1 inch wide firm-membranaceous
or subcoriaceous often dotted (more so on the under side)
with minute stellated deciduous scales sometimes viscid
linear-ensiform acuminate much attenuated at the base
scarcely thickened at the edge, costa very distinct slender,
veins clubbed at the apex and extending quite to the margin ;
fertile fronds 4 inches to a span long much narrower and
more linear than the sterile ones and on stipites twice or
thrice the length of the sterile ones. — Sw. Syn. Fil. pp. 10
and 193. JVilld. Sp. PI. v. p. 193. Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil
t. 64. Wall. Cat. p. 15. Bl. Fil. Jav. Fee, Acrost.p. 45. Ol-
fersia, Pr. Elaphoglossum, Schott. Moore. Acrost. petio-
latum, Siv. Fl. Ind. Occ. \\\. p. 1888. A. salicifolium, Kaulf.
A. Blumeanum, Fee, Acrost. p. 62. Elaphoglossum, J. Sm.
{name only). A. Breutelianum, Kze. in Schk. Fil. Suppl. ii.
p. 3. t. 103 (fert. frond, ,^<ie Fee, Moore). A. neriifolium.
Wall. Cat. w. 16.

Hab. Tropical America, abundant : West Indies, perhaps in all the islands,
Jamaica, etc. ; Cuba, C. Wright, n. 789 (1859) ; Guadeloupe, U Herminier, n. 6,
with stipites of sterile and fertile fronds more than a foot long ; New Granada ;
very characteristic specimens from Venezuela, Fendler, n. 272 (hut very small),
273, 274, 275, 295,-280 has the sterile fronds 12-14 inches long, 2 inches
broad, and quite vernicose, and is the A. xanthoneuron, Kze. and Metten.in Eat.
Fil. Wright, et Fendl. p. 194 (name only) ; Brazil, Gardner, n. 99, Fox, n. 246 ;
St. Gabriel, Spruce, n. 2308 (sterile fronds finely and pungently acuminated) ;
Mexico, Coulter, n. 1695 and 1696, Schaffaer, 2 ; Vtxn, Mathews, n. 3278, Ilart-
weg, n. 1793 ; Ecuador, Jameson, n. 18, Spruce, n. 5288, "stipites insigniter vis-
cosi." Tropical India: Java, Blume, Millett ,- Luzon, Cuming, n. 194; Nepal,
Walllch, n. 16 (".4. neriifolium. Wall.") ; Khasya, Hooker fil. and Thomson, alt.
4000 feet; Nilghiri, Beddome, n. 4, 5. Mauritius and Bourbon, Sieb. Stjn.Fil.n.
28, Bory, Bouto7i, etc. Ceylon .', Gardner (without a number, very obtuse at the
apex of the fronds, and almost intermediate between A. conforme and viscosum ;
young sterile fronds vernicose). Tropical Africa : Fernando Po, alt. 2000 feet,
G. Mann, n. 270, in pari, (quite characteristic) ; Johanna Island, east tropical
Africa, Dr. Kirk. — A widely distributed species, and, as may be expected, sub-
ject to much variation, sometimes showing a close affinity with narrow and
elongated forms of J. conforme, sometimes with A . Martinicetise, and their allies.
The figure of Dr. Greville in Ic. Fil. is certainly very characteristic.

54. A. (Elaphoglossum) Preslianum, Fee; caudex long
thicker than a swan's quill apparently scandent naked or

ACROSTICnrM. § ELAPIIOGLOSSUM. 221

clothed with dark-brown subulate scales, stipites from the
ascendiriGj apex of the caudex reddish-tawny partially palea-
ceous with subulate scales, varying in length from a span to
Ih foot long subequal in the s/erile and fertile fronds ; fronds
coriaceous 12-lS inches long if-1 inch broad elongato- or
linear-oblong sublanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate opaque
cuneate or more or less attenuate at the base deciduously
subsqnamuloso-ciliate at the margin, costa strong prominent
beneath, veins extending to the margin ; fertile tronds 6-8
inches long fi-S lines wide, in other respects similar to the
sterile. — Fee, Acrost. p, 47- t. 24. /. 1 {smaller and more
acuminated than my specimens in general). Metten. Fil.
Lechl. p. 4. A. ciUatum, Pr. Relifj. ilcenk. p. 15. /ire. in
Linncea, ix. p. 28. Olfersia, Pr. Elaphoglossum, Moore.

Hab. Peru, Pappig. Tarapota, Spruce, n. 4735, Lechler, n. 2686. Ecuador,
Spruce, n. 5230 (fronds quite according both in sterile and fertile fronds with
A. viscosum, but caudex long and scandent), Caraccas, n. 31 {ex Herb. Miquel).
Merida, Moritz, n. 31G. — My specimens are very variable in the length and
breadth and more or less acuminated or very obtuse fronds ; some resemble
gigantic forms of A. viscosum, but they are more coriaceous, and all have the
very elongated and scandent caudex.

55. A. (Elaphoglossum) pachydermum, Fee; "fronds li-
near firm-coriaceous thick ; sterile ones acute at each ex-
tremity very narrowly decurrent at the base revolute at the
margins having piliform scales on both sides, costa chan-
nelled above plane beneath quadrangular, the a])ex of the
frond acute, stipites robust blackish attlie base without joint
or scales ; ,/«-/i/e ones smaller, caudex thick clothed with
laticeolate lacerated pale fulvous scales." — Fee, Acrost. p. 47-
Kze. in Linncea, xxu. p. 575. Elaphoglossum, Moore.

Hab. Brazil. — Probably a very dubious species.

56. A. (Elaphoglossum) lineare, Fee ; caudex short creep-
ing densely clothed above with ferruginous ovate acuminated
scales, stipites copiously tufted slender stramineous crinite
with rather long suljulato-setaceous spreading rufous scales,
sterile ones 1-2 inches rarely more long, fertile ones 4-6-8
inches long scaleless upwards ; sterile fronds membranaceous
8-12 inches long 4-5 lines wide linear much acuminated, at
the base very long and gradually attenuated and decurrent
upon the short stipes entire scarcely subrepando-crenate,
costa slender sparsely subulato-squamose at the base, veins
terminating in clavate apices within the margin ; fertile
fronds generally very small l-2-:3 inches long oblong

222 ' ACROSTICHUM, § ELA PHOGLOSSUM.

shorth'^ acuminate narrower attenuate at the base, on much
longer stipites than the sterile ones yet the summit of the
fronds never attains to the height of the sterile. — Fee, Acrost.
i. 15. /. 2 {fronds too obtuse, which is rather an abnormal
state). Elaphoglossum, Moo?-e, A. tenellum, De^y, ?

Hab. Brazil, Gardner, n. 98 (the authority for the species) and n. 5927.
Bourbon, Richard, n. 274 (unquestionably the same species). — I can almost fancy
this to be a small and delicate form of our Aubertii, n. 52, and both inhabiting
Bourbon and South America, still the extreme forms appear, at first sight, very
dissimilar.

57. A. (Elaphoglossum) y'ubiyinosum. Fee; caudex hori-
zontal creeping stout clothed with dense black subulate im-
bricated scales, stipites aggregated towards the apex of the
caudex .S-4 inches long in the sterile, a span or a foot and
more in the fertile ones reddish-brown furfuraceous with
small close-placed subpeltate fimbriated scales dark-coloured
in the centre mixed with short subulate black ones; fertile
fronds coriaceous 4-5 inches or less to 8-12 inches long J-|
of an inch wide near or above the middle, elongato-lanceolate
acuminate tapering at the base and generally much so, opaque
entire lepidote or scurfy on the upper side with scattered
close-pressed dirty-white minute deciduous scales generally
long stellato-pilose at the margin beneath almost pubescenti-
tomentose with more copious similar scales mixed with stel-
late hairs botli of a tawny colour; fertile fronds generally
much exceeding the sterile ones on account of the great
length of the stipes but they are shorter and narrower,
otherwise similar. — Fee, Acrost. p. 47- t.5. f. 1 {very good),
and t. 13./. ] (smaller). A. Schiedei, Kze. Analect. Pterid.
p. 10. A. nivosum, Kze. in Bot. Zeit. Elaphoglossum
tectum and Schiedei, Moore. Acrost. brachyneurum. Fee,
I. c. p. 49. t. 22. f. 1 {as far as figure and much of the descrip-
tion is concerned, but the fronds are not pellucid, yet the re-

ference is to " Gardner, n. 5928," which is our plant).

Hab. Tropical America: Columbia, fine specimens, Santa Martha; Ocaiia,
Schlim ; Peru, Mathews, n. 1794; Pasco, Cruckshanks (fronds short, stipites
very slender) ; Jamaica, Purdie, Wilson, alt. 4000 feet, n. 742; Dominica, i)r.
Imray ; Guatemala, Skinner; Mexico, Liehmann {" A. Schiedei," — and this is
correctly quoted under A. rubiyinosum by Fee and under A. Schiedei by Moore) ;
Brazil, Gardner, n. 5928 {Acr. brachyneuron, Fee, as to figure and reference and
much of the description). — The A. tectum of Humboldt is ascertained by Fee to
be the A. lepidotum, Willd., though that is a species by no means satisfactorily
known ; but Fee has accurately defined and figured the present species, whicii
has claim to rank with the section " Polylepideo!."

58. A. (Elaphoglossum) Feci, Bory; small, caudex long

ACROSTICIIDM, § K L A I'llOGLOSSUM. 223

creeping filiform clothed with acuminated ferruginous scales,
stipites remote sparsely paleaceous; sterile fronds 1-3
inches long \ of an inch wide oblongo-lanceolate oljtuse
bluntly subcrenato-lobate sparsely scaly on the surface at-
tenuated below into a stipes equal in length or shorter, cosia
slender, veins few remote erecto-patent forked below the
middle, their clubbed apices not extending to the margin ;
fertile fronds less than half the size of the fertile ones
elliptico-oblong entire 3-4 times shorter than the stipes. —
Bory, in Fee, Acrost. p. 48. ^ 18. /. 2. Hook. Ic. PL t. 992
{or Cent, of Ferns, t. 92). Elaphoglossum, Moore. Acrost.
trajisefolium, UHermin. ms. in Herb. Hook. Elaphoglossum,
Moore.

Hah. Tropical America : Guadeloupe, L" Ilerminier, n. 7G, in Herb, nostr, ;
on Mount Couliabon, Dominica, lir. Imruij, n. 2.3G ; Ecuador, Quito, Jameson;
Chimborazo, alt. 300 feet. Spruce, n. 5G82. — A small but very distinct species ;
and, as Fee observes, with the habit of Polypodium serpens of Swartz.

II. PoLYLEPiPE^, Fe'e. — Fronds more or less scaly or setoso-squamose.
Sp. 59-94.

A. Fronds ovate or oval- lanceolate. 59, GO.
59. A. (Elaphoglossum) Lindenii, Bory ; caudex stout
thicker than a man's finger horizontal or ascending clothed at
the apex with small black shining subulate scales and a dense
cluster of slender brown flexuose and often spreading sti-
pites 4-6 inches or a span long (nearly uniform in the fertile
and sterile fronds) setoso-paleaceous with dark-brown subu-
late deciduous spreading scales; sterile fronds firm subco-
riaceo-membranaceous subtranslucent 1-4 inches long \-\h
inch wide elliptical or oval or subovate obtuse or bluntly
acuminulate shortly and obtusely cuneate at the base
sparsely on the surface and fringed at the margin with rather
long subulate hair-like deciduous scales, costa very slender,
veins evident erecto-patent distant simple or forked, the
apices clubbed and terminating within the margin ; fertile
fronds similar to the sterile ones but much smaller rarely 1
inch long. — Bory, in Fee, Acrost. p. 48. Elaphoglossum,
Moore. Acrost. blepharodes, Fee, Acrost. p. 48. t. 24. /. 3 ?
A. crinitum. Mart, and Gal. Fit. Mex. p. 25? {not Sw.).
Elaphoglossum, iV/oore .? Liebni. Fil. Mex. p. 16, in Herb,
nostr.

Ilab. Coylon (according to Moore). Mexico, Linden, alt. 970;) feet, ii. j'2,
lAebmanii, in. Herb, noslr., alt. 9000-10,000 feet. Caiaccas, Fiinc/c, n. h'u].
Venezuela, Olfo, alt. 7500 feet. Ecuador, Cotopaxi, alt. 13,000 feet, and cave*

224 ACROSTICHUM, § ELA PHOGLOSSUM.

on the eastern Cordillera, Jameson. Brazil, Gardner, n. 5925 (fronds oblongo-
lanceolate, almost passing into ^. villosum). — Some of my specimens of this species
quite resemble the figures of the sterile fronds (all known) of the J. blepharodes,
Fee ; while others, especially the Brazilian specimens from Gardner, border closely
upon A. villosum.

60. A. (Elaphoglossum) heteromorphiim, Kl. ; caudex very-
long creeping filiform paleaceous with linear-subulate flaccid
brown scales, stipites scattered distant slender 2-4 inches long
5-6 inches of the fertile ones flexuose squarrose with patent
brown subulate scales ; sterile fronds 1^-2 inches long |-1
inch broad membranaceous brownish-green subtranslucent
elliptico-oblong obtuse or short obtusely acuminate rounded
or truncated at the base hispid on the surface (both
sides) and on the entire margin with rather firm-membrana-
ceous subulate brown scales generally permanent, costa
slender, veins patent very manifest dark-coloured slightly
elevated on both sides rather distant simple or forked not
extending to the margin clubbed at the apex; fertile fronds
much smaller oval subacute at both extremities. — Kl. in
LinncBa, xx. p. 424. Elaphoglossum, Moore.

Hab. Cohimhla., Ifartweff, n. Ib2^, Moritz,n. 319 {A. squarrosum). Ecuador,
western side of Pichicha. — This differs from A. Lindenii strikingly in the long
filiform caudex, in the oblong, membranaceous fronds, with exceedingly consjii-
cuous veins, more copiously scaly, especially on the costa and generally on both
sides of the frond.

B. Fronds linear or linear-lanceolate. 61-94.

61. A. (Elaphoglossum) sqitarrosum, Kl. ; caudex subre-
pent or rather ascending 2 inches long thick as a sparrow's
quill but densely clothed for its whole length with long slen-
der glossy subulate deep chestnut-brown scales, stipites re-
mote slender ^-1 inch or little more long of the barren 2
inches of the fertile fronds hispid with spreading brown fer-
ruginous hair-like scales, the same hair-like scales are scat-
tered sparsely over the fronds and at the margins ; fertile
fronds 1^-2 inches long 4-5 lines wide membranaceous pale
yellow-green exactly lanceolate rather obtusely acuminated
slightly attenuated at the base, costa slender, veins manifest
simple rarely forked suberecto-patent clubbed at the apex and
terminating within the margin. — A7. in Linncea, xx. p. 424.
Elaphoglossum, Moore.

Hab. Columbia, Moritz, n. 319. — Klotzsch places this next to his A. hetero-
morphum, and says, " a precedente differt, frondibus sterilibus magnis angustiori-
bus, nee ad basin aggregatim paleaceis." The fronds, indeed, exactly resemble
sparsely pilose specimens of very dwarf A. villosum, but the caudex is more

ACROSTICHIJM, § EL A PIIOGLOSSUM. 225

elongated, and its scales excessively dense and uniform all over and of a bright
blackish-chestnut colour.

G2. A. (Elaphoglossum) strictiim, Raddi ; "fronds simple
lierbaceous, sterile ones linear-laneeolate attenuated at each
extremity shortly petiolate(l,_/e/-^//f ones narrower linear rather
obtuse long-petiolate margined on each side squamoso-vil-
lous, scales lanceolate ciliated dift'erent on the petiole and the
costa, caudex creeping scaly." Fee. — Raddi, Fil. Bras. p. 3.
t. 15. /. 3. Acrost. p. 49. Mart. Crypt. Bras. p. 84. t. 22.
Elaphoglossum, Moore.

Hab. Brazil, Raddi, Martins. — Imperfect as the above character may be, it is
perhaps the best that has yet appeared. The real plant seems very little known,
and the figures do not well illustrate this dubious species.

63. A. (Elaphoglossum) viUosum, Sw. ; caudex stout sub-
repent or ascending often enlarged and forming a knot at
the summit which is paleaceous with ferruginous or dark-
brown narrow scales, stipites generally copious and tufted
from 2-4-5 inches long villous with long slender subulate
ferruginous hairs rather than scales, fronds membranaceous
pellucid varying in length and breadth 3-8-9 inches long and
from f-1 5 inch in diameter broad oblongo-lanceolate or rather
subspathulate and obtuse more frequently suddenly acumi-
nated cuneate at the base villous on both sides and at the
margin with aureo-ferruginous long subulato-setaceous but
soft silky hairs, costa slender, veins distinct moderately
jiatent distant simple or forked clavate at the apex and
terminating within the margin where a blackish spot a])pears
on the back of tlie frond, fertile frond much smaller acute
or obtuse upon a longer stipes yet never equalling the length
of the sterile frond. — Sin. Syn. Fil. p. 10. IFi/ld. Sp. PL v.
p. 103. Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 95 [cxcl. syn. Plum.).
Olfersia, IV. Elaphoglossum, Moore. A. Moritziaimm, A7.
in JAnn(ea,xx. p. 423. Elaphoglossum, Moore. A. setosum,
Liehni. Fil. Mex,p. 1 7. — Var. /3. Pceppigianuin ; fronds linear-
lanceolate, fertile ones linear. A. villosum, Kze. in Linnaa,
ix. p. 32.

Ilab. Tropical America: Jamaica, Swartz, Bancroft, Menzies, Purdie ; Do-
minica, Br. Imray ; Cuba, C. IVi-ight, n. 1040 (fronds ordinary size, but spa-
thulate and obtuse) ; Venezuela, Fendler, n. 302 (fertile frond small, ovate),
and n. 2GlJ (common lorni) ; Ecuador, Andes of Quito, alt. 8000 feet, Jampson ,-
Mexico, Llebni'.nin. — Var. /3, Pwppigianum. I'eru, Pwppig. Tropical Africa,
Sierra Leone, Barter (stipites very dciisely villoso-paleaceous). — A variable
VOL. V. 2 V.

226 ACROSTICHUM, § ELAPHOG LOSSUM.

species, yet appearing very distinct in the form so well represented by Dr. Gre-
ville in Ic. Fil.

64. A. (Elaphoglossum) jn- ocni'r en s, M etten. ; caudex very
long filiform creeping thick as a sparrow's quill slightly
branched paleaceous with glossy bright aureo ferruginous
subulate spreading scales, stipites remote 1-3 inches long
very slender winged above with the decurrent frond scarcely
longer in the sterile plant, villous with spreading ferruginous
narrow subulate hairs and the same are scattered rather co-
piously over the fronds on both sides and margins ; sterile
fronds membranaceous bright pale-green 1-3 (-6, Metten.)
inches long ovate or oblong spathulate obtuse entire much
attenuated and decurrent at the base, costa very slender,
veins conspicuous rather distant patent clubbed at the apex
and terminating close to but just within the margin. — Met-
ten. in Eat. Fil. IVright. et Fencll. p. 195. Elaphoglossum,
Moore.

Hab. Cuba, Fendler, n. 793. — This very pretty Jcrosticltum is peculiar in its
very long creeping caudex, clothed with bright, subulate, spreading scales. The
fronds of some of the smaller specimens are almost identical with those of A. pi-
loselloides, while the larger ones quite resemble those of the A. Morifzianum, of
Eat. in Fil. Wright, et Fendl. p. 194,— Cuba, C. Wrkjht, n. 1040 (a form, I fear,
of A. villomm), — not of Eat. 1. c. Fendl. n. 206, which is the ordinary form of vil-
losum; and Mettenius seems to take a similar view of the species.

65. A. (Elaphoglossum) Plumieri, Fee; caudex short thick
horizontal or ascending forming a knot at the summit clothed
with a few ferruginous narrow scales, stipites densely tufted
slender 2-4 inches long villous with copious long slender pa-
tent ferruginous hairs ; sterile fronds thin membranaceous
pellucid 5-6-8 inches long |-| of an inch wide narrow-lan-
ceolate obtusely acuminate much attenuated below, the mar-
gin sublobato-sinuate fringed with soft spreading ferruginous
subulate hairs which are also scattered over both surfaces
ratlier copiously, costa slender, veins conspicuous rather
thick erecto-patent very distant simple or forked clavate at
the apex and terminating within the margin ; fertile though
often on a rather longer stipes yet is much smaller 1-2 inches
long oblong obtuse very aureo-villous on the back. — Fee,
Acrost. p. 50. Elaphoglossum, Moore. — Plum. Fil. p. 110.
t. 107.

Hal). St. Domingo, Plumier, L'llerminier, in Ilerh. nostr. — M. Fee blames
Dr. Swartz and the authors of the ' Icones Filicum ' for quoting Plumier's figure
now cited under A. villosum, though we did not do so without adding the remark,
" vix bona quoad marginem et hirsutiem." M. Fee was so fortunate as to receive,

ACROSTICIIUM, § ELAPHOGLOSSUM. 227

from the same island which yiehled Phimier's plant (St. Domingo), a plant which
more closely resembles his, and which I have also received from M. L'llerminier ;
and I am willing to adopt it as a species, thongh I am far from certain it may
not prove a state of z;i7/o,s7t)H. It has a more membranaceous sterile frond, and
the margin is more or less rejjando-lobate ; the veins are more distant, fewer, and
thicker. These are the differences ; but Kunze's .1. t^(7/o.s«w, from Poeppig, has
narrower fronds than this, which Fee acknowledges to be that species. ^ Moore
says A. Plumieri inhabits Jamaica and Brazil, and he refers to it Lowe's mise-
rable figure, ' Ferns,' vii. t. 54, of //. villosnm ; but I think the venation and
margin of the frond prove that to be true villosum.

QG. A. (ELaphoglossum) Webbii, Fee ; " fronds mcmbrana.
ceous csespitose lanceolate obtuse shortly mucronate acute
at the base canaliculate on the stipes paleaceous, the margin
sulKJentate, costa rufous, veins prominent villous lying at an
angle of 55° turgid at the apex not extending to the margin,
hairs simple when magnified subcoarsely toothed {vice f/rosse
dentatis), caudex repent scaly, scales rufous erect filiform
entire at the margin." — Fee, Acrost. p. 51. /. 24. /. 4.

Hab. " Panama, Chili, Cuming, n. 151."— This is a sterile plant, exhibiting no
tangible distinguishing character. My Fern from Chili, Cumin;/, n. 151, is an
Adiantum. In another place, under Acrost. pilosum (Acrost. p. 63), the author
says there is among all the species known to him only one (A. Webbii) which
has true hair, but assuredly his figure, 1. c, f. 5a and f. 5^, represents true scales
copiously reticulated.

67. A. (Elaphoglossum) piloselloides, Pr. ; small, caudex
short thick suberect or declined more radiculose than palea-
ceous, stipites crowded coespitose short 1-2 rarely (of the fer-
tile) fronds 4-5 inches long patently setoso-paleaceous ; sterile
fronds from i-3-4 inches long obovate spathulate or oblong
rarely linear obtuse tapering more or less into the stipes
suljcoriaceo-carnose clothed on both sides and fringed at tiie
margin with narrow subulate scales of rich tawny or blackisii-
purple colour reticulated and toothed or s])inuloso-serrate at
the margin, costa obscure prominent beneath, veins generally
obscure thickened or clu])bed at the apex and stopping short
of the margin ; fertile frond much smaller than the rest and
generally upon a much longer stii)es which latter exceeds in
length the sterile fronds h-\ inch long oval ovate oblong or
suborbicular, sori often not quite extending to the mar-
gin.—Pr. Reliq. Hce/ik. p. 14. /. 11. Fee, Acrost. p.5\. i. 14.
/. 6. Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 3i) {a large cult, specimen). Olfersia,
Pr. Elaphoglossum, Moore. A. ])umilum, Mart, and Gal .p.
23. t. 2. /. 2. A. Jamesoni, Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. SO.
Fee, Acrost. p. 52. — Var. /§, obtasatuni ; fronds broader.

228 ACROSTICHUMj >$> ELAPHOGLOSS UM.

Hook. Fil. Exot. sub t. 29. A. obtusatum, Carm. in Fl. Trisi.
d'Aam. Linn. Trans, xii. /?. 510. Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t.
22. A. ciliare, P. Thouars, Fl. Trist. d'Acun. p. 32. A.
Jamesoni, yS, obtusatum, Fee, I. c. p. 52. — Var. 7, horridu-
lum ; sterile fronds longer lanceolate. Hook. Fil. Exot. I. c.
A. horridulura, Klfs. in Fee, Acrost. p. 52. t. 14. /. 4. Ela-
phoglossum, /. Sm. Acrost. spathulinum, Raddi, Fl. Bras,
p. 3. t. 15. /. 2. A. Raddianum, Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t.
4. — Var. 8, spathulatum ; fertile frond retuse at the apex.
Hook. Fil. Exot. I. c. A. spathulatum, Bory, Voy. i. p. 263.
t. 20. /. 1. Sio. Syn. Fil. p. 10. Willd. Sp. PL p. 106.
FJe, Acrost. p. 51. Olfersia, Pr.

Ilab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the "West Indies, and on the main-
land of continental South America from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Hourbon,
Madagascar, Natal (Ingoma, rare on rocks, W. T. Gerrard), Tristan d'Acunha,
and Ceylon. — In my ' Filices Exoticre ' I took great pains to settle the synonymy of
this pretty but variable species (whose general aspect is much like that of a Sun-
dew, Droserd), and I have no reason to alter the views I there expressed. But
it is impossible to define the individuals of any of the groups, which pass so insen-
sibly from one form to another.

68. A. (Elaphoglossum) ovatum. Hook. ; caudex long fili-
form very much branched, the branches divaricating clothed
with ferruginous lanceolato-subulate crisped and laciniato-
fimbriated scales, stipites distant very slender h to rarely 1
inch long except of the sterile ones which are often 2 inches
long fimbriato-squamulose; sterile fronds subcarnoso-coria-
ceous opaque \ to rarely 1 inch long ovate or rarely oval-
oblong on both sides fusco-ferrugineo-paleaceous with soft
laciniato-fimbriated scales ; fertile fronds generally larger of
the same form and overtopping the sterile ones by the greater
length of the stipes. Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 140. Fee,
Acrost. p. 52. t. 14./'. 7- Elaphoglossum, Moore. Acrost.
rhabdolepis, Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 42. t. l.f. 3. Elaphoglossum,
Moore. Acrost. ramosissimum, Ft'e, ^c?'05/. ^. 53. t. 22./. 3.
Elaphoglossum, Moore. Acrost. crispatulum, Fee, 6me Mem.
Fovg. Nouv. p. 2. /. 1. /. 2.

Ilab. Ecuador, Cayambe, alt. 14,000 feet, and Cordillera of Pillaro,alt. 15,000
feet, Jameson, n. 89 and 95. Ad flumen Magdalenam "Acrost. reptans?, Cav."
{Brongniart, ex Herb. Par.). Ocaiia, alt. 10,000-11,000 feet, 5c/<?2?w, n. 1814.
Columbia, Hartweg, n. 1488 {Moore), Brazil, summit of the Organ Mountains,
n. 5923. Mexico (Moore). — .A. beautiful and well-marked species.

69. A. (Elaphoglossum) squamipes. Hook. ; caudex thick
as a sparrow's quill very much elongated and much branched
with divaricating branches which are clothed with copious

ACIIOSTICIIU.M, § KLAlMIOGLOSSd.M. 229

broad-ovate or lanceolate concave lax ferruginous entire
scales large for the size of the plant, stipites distant slender
stramineous clothed with similar scales with the caudex but
smaller and more spreading I inch long of the sterile fronds,
2-3 inches long in the. fertile ; sterile fronds i-l-lj inch
long ovate or oblong-ovate obtuse carnoso-subcoriaccous ob-
tuse subcuneate at the base sparingly clothed with soft su]:)U-
late flexuose hair-like scales on both sides, veins manifest;
fertile fronds scarcely differing from the sterile ones which
however they overtop on account of the much longer sti-
pites. Hook.'ic. PI. t. 197. Fee, Acrost. p. 53. t. 22. f. 2. Ela-
phoglossum, Moore.

Hal). Chacapojas, Peru, Mathews. New Granada, Purdie. — Evidently an
ally of J. ovatum, but with larger fronds and very different and much larger and
quite entire paleaceous scales. M. Fee criticizes my " mediocre figure " of this
well-inaiked Acrostichum, which, however, is extremely faithful, but imperfectly
printed.

70. A. (Elaphoglossum) cardioplnjllum, Hook. ; caudex
long-creeping thicker than a crow's quill much (but not very
copiously) patently branched clothed with rather large im-
bricated oblongo-lanceolate concave scales, stipites 1-2
inches long near 3 inches of t\\Q fertile frond laxly paleaceous
with smaller and more subulate dark-brown scales ; sterile
fronds coriaceous glaucous or whitish-green 12-14 lines long
and broad-cordate or 4-5 lines long and deltoid or subrhom-
boid-ovate with black short subulate deciduous small scales
on the surface, costa prominent beneath, veins scarcely
manifest horizontally patent ; fertile fronds in size and shape
resembling the sterile ones. Hook. Ic. PI. t. 715. Elapho-
glossum, Moore. A. cochlearifolium. Fee, Qnie Mem. Foiiy.
Nouv. p. 2. t. 1. /'. 3 {sterile fronds only). Elaphoglossum,
Moore.

Hah. Quitinian Andes, Jameson, n. 212 and 395, alt. 14,000 feet.— A well and
easily defined species, faithfully represented in our Ic. Plant., and, as far as the
sterile fronds are concerned, by M. Fee also.

71. A. (Elaphoglossum) L/oe^se', Hook.; caudex very long
creeping thick as a sparrow's quill rarely branched rooting
the younger portions paleaceous with lanceolate acuminate
ferruginous subcrisped scales, stipites remote pale strami-
neous slender 2-5 inches long 5-8 of the fertile frond sub-
squarrose with similar but smaller more or less deciduous
scales ; sterile fronds firm-mem1)ranaceous in the older ones
subcoriaceous pale-green 2-1 inches U)ng deciduously scaly

230 ACROSTICUUM, § ELAPHOGLOSSUM.

with scattered small subulate blackish-brown scales especially
beneath (not at the margin), f-1 inch broad lanceolate or sub-
ovato-lanceolate more or less gradually acuminated cuneate
at the base entire with a thickened marginal line having a
slender pellucid external edge, costa very distinct, veins
slightly prominent patent simple or forked extending to and
united with the marginal thickened line ; fertile fronds much
smaller f-2i inches long narrow oblong-lanceolate on sti-
pites much exceeding the whole sterile fronds in height.
Hook. Ic. PI. t. 657 (« small narrow-fronded specimen). Fee,
Gen. Fil.p. 43. Kl. in Linncea, xx. p. 425. (Olfersia repens,
Kl. in Herb, nostr.)

Hab. Valley of Lloa, Ecuador, and temperate forests of the Andes, Jameson.
Peru, Matliews. Venezuela, Fendler, n. 28G. Columbia, Moritz, n. 286 (very
fine specimens, with the broadest fronds). — A very distinct and well-marked
species, but of which specimens with the smallest and narrowest fronds in the
Ic. Plantarum are only given. The nature of the venation would almost justify
its being placed in § Aconiopteris.

72. A. (Elaphoglossum) Harhvegii, Fee ; " fronds lanceo-
late obtuse thick opaque attenuated at the base long-stipitate
scaly beneath naked above, scales densely imbricated thick
oval scariose at the margin rufous in the centre entire ;

fertile ones shorter and more obtuse but with longer stipites,
stipites in both scaly, scales ovate laxly imbricate patulous at
the base, caudex repent somewhat branched thick as a crow's
quill clothed with fuscous scales." Fee, Acrost. p. 53. t. 9.
/■ 2. Elaphoglossum, Moore.

Hab. Columbia, i?a>-/we9, ». 1480, I486.' Moore gives other localities, and
Mexico, Galeotti, n. 6265 (bearing the name of A. muscosum). — Our specimens
from Hartweg (n. 1486) have a long, creeping, black, tortuous caudex, as thick
as a goose-qnill, with glossy, dark brown, subulate scales ; sterile fronds 2 inches
long and rather linear than lanceolate, on stipites 4 inches long; fertile fronds 1^
inch long, on stipites 6 inches long. Our specimens n. 1480 are a good deal
larger, and the fertile fronds more than 4 inches long, still 1 cannot look upon
these two as specifically ditt'ereat.

73. A. (Elaphoglossum) Matheivsii, Fee; "fronds uni-
form thick opaque lanceolato-linear obtuse acute at the base ;
sterile ones smaller, whole plant ferrugineo-squamose, all the
scales scariose toothed at the margin, those on the frond ad-
pressedly imbricated, those of the stipites long subpatulous,
those of the scandent flexuose caudex (thick as a crow's
quill) laxly imbricated glossy of an intensely brown colour
acute serrated at the margin." Fee, Acrost. p. 54. t. 2. f. 2.
Elaphoglossum, Moore.

ACROSTICHUM, § EL APIIOGLOSSUM. 231

Ilal). Pern, on trees, Mathews, n. Gil, "in crevices of rocks," Maclean.
Pililiiin and Andes of Ecuador, /«>wpao?*. New Granada, Purdie. — " Tiiis species
is very reniarkalile ; it ranks next to A. Ilarhvecjii, from wliich it differs by the
ciliated scales, fronds uniform and linear, l>y the nature of the scales, the dimen-
sions, consistence," etc. {Fee.) Having original si)eciinens of both, I confess that
neither in size, consistence, form, and certainly not in place of growth, do 1 find
any valid difference between the two. I fear tlie scales are as liable to vary in the
margin or outline as are the fronds.

74. A. (Elaplioglossum) mnscosum, Sw. ; caudex thick as
a goose or a swan's quill paleaceous with rather short glossy
black-brown ciliated imbricated subulate or ovato-subulate
scales, stipites 5-8 inches in length, generally more of the/er-
tile fronds, subsquarrose with pale ferrugineous ovate lax
deciduous tawny finely ciliated scales mixed with lesser ones
which are paler-coloured whiter and appressed ; sterile {xorxds
firm-coriaceous varying greatly in size generally 6-8-1.3 inches
long and from h an inch to nearly 1 inch wide oblongo-lan-
ceolate bluntly acuminate obtuse or subattenuated at the
base clothed on the upper side with copious closely pressed
subovate small whitish or rarely tawny deciduous scales
mixed with others especially on the costa much larger more
lax with a deep-brown stain in the centre (these are appa-
rently the first to be deciduous), beneath much more densely
paleaceous with generally pale ferruginous scales all rather
lax though still closely im])ricated more permanent and
equally of two kinds ; fertile fronds 4-6 inches long 3-6
inches wide linear or linear-oblong obtuse at both extremities
all beneath soriferous except on the costa which is concealed
by imbricated narrow-lanceolate ciliated scales. — Siv. Fl. Incl.
Dec. p. 1591. &ijn. Fit. p. 10. IVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 104.
Fee, Acrost. p. 54. Elaphoglossum, /. <S'w. Moore. Olfersia,
Fr. — Yrt. ^, latifolium ; caudex much thicker and knobbed
about the caudices clothed with very long narrow-linear su-
bulate bright-chestnut scales or blackish, sterile fronds
broader and subelliptical. A. plumosum, Metten. Fil. Lechl.
p. 4.

Ilab. Jamaica, Swartz, Bancroft, U'tlnon, n. 743 (Blue Mountain Peak,
Alexander Prior), etc. St. Domingo, Schomburyk. Quitinian Andes, Jame.ion,
n. 234. Andes ot Peru, Maclean. — Var. /3, latifolium. Jamaica, M'l'adi/en, Ban-
croft. Andes of Peru, Maclean, Lechler. — Fee remarks, " \JA. mmcosum, de
Swartz, n'a ete vu que par cet auteur ; Willdenow ne I'avait otudic que sterile ;
tous les auteurs qui ont adopte cette espeee n'ont pas cte a meme de voir le spe-
cimen autographe." Very many of the more modern species are in the same
predicament. Unfortunately there is not even a figure to have recourse to in the
present case. I have derived my characters mainly from a plant commonly re-
ceived from botanists of Jamaica, which is probably the true plant. It seems pe-

232 ACROSTICHUM, § ELAPHOGLOSSUM.

culiar to elevated regions. My var. )3, if I am correct in referring it here, is re-
markable for the great length of the caudical scales, sometimes resembling long,
soft, rich brown hairs, for the breadth and subelliptical form of the sterile fronds,
and the brighter colour of the scales.

In Karsten's Fil. Columb., that author's distinctions are so finely drawn between
his A. Lindiffii, t. 3, A. Engeln,A. rujie^tre, and A. deorsum, t. 59, and A. caulo-
lepis and A. truncicola, Karst.,and even his A.lepidohim, \A^illd., that, beautiful
as the figures are and laboured as are the descriptions, I must decline any attempt
to refer them to acknowledged species.

75. A. (Elaphoglossum) plumosum, Fee; caudex stout
as thick as a man's little finger or towards the extremity as a
man's thumb densely fibroso-radicant and sparingly palea-
ceous with broad-lanceolate rather long memljranaceous fer-
ruginous ciliated scales, stipites 2-3 inches at the summit .of
the sterile 8-10-12 inches in the fertile, shaggy with pale-
tawny large ovate plumosely ciliated lanceolate scales mixed
vrith smaller ovate appressed ones, soft and equally and most
beautifully plumoso-ciliate fas are all the scales) ; sterile
fronds subcarnoso-membranaceous 8-12 inches long 1-1 4
inch wide lanceolate obtusely acuminated long attenuated
and decurrent at the base often injured and proliferous at the
apex pedeaceous on both sides most copiously beneath and at
the margins (partially deciduous above) with rather small
linear-ovate ciliated scales, a few longer and more linear ones
are attached to the costa ; fertile fronds overtopping the ste-
rile ones from the great length of the stipes 5-6 inches long
about 5 lines wide linear obtuse ; the paleaceous indument
varies in colour from pale-tawny to bright-ferruginous. — Fee,
Acrost. p. 54. /. 2./. 1. Elaphoglossum, Moore. A. Wag-
neri, Kze. ?

Hab. Guiana, SchomburgJc, n. 446, Appun, n. 190. Amazon, Barra, Sprtice,
n. 1770, and San Gabriel, on small trees, rarely on the ground, Spruce, n. 2397.
— Certainly one of the most beautiful and distinct of the genus.

76. A. (Elaphoglossum) perelef/ans. Fee ; "sterile fronds
elongato-oblong lanceolate membranaceous subpapyraceous
acute at the apex attenuated at the base punctated beneath
on both sides sparingly squamose, the margin flexuose, scales
aureous lacerated at the superior margin, stipites canaliculate
clothed with patulous scales scarcely so long as the frond,
costa helveolous scaly above with a narrow groove, veins
arcuate approximate ; /er/i/e fronds longer linear narrower,
at the apex and at the base acute clothed above with lace-
rated scales, caudex thick sending out very long rooting
fibres." Fee,Acrost.p.55.t.2'i^. Elaphoglossum, ilfoore. A.

ACROSTICIIUM, § ELAPHOGLOSSIJM. 233

muscosum, Kze. in Linncea, ix. p. 29 [tiot Siv.). "Plum. Fil.
p. \20.t. 139?" {Fee).

Hab. Martinique and St. Domingo, Plumier. Brazil, Vau/hier. Pern, Pain-
payaco, Poeppig. Conliabon Mountains, Dominica, Imray, n. 101. — I have no
authoritative s[)ecimen of this species ; but I possess two sterile fronds from
Dominica which seem to accord sufficiently witli Fee's description. It appears
to me a doubtful species, yet .Mr. Moore has brought forward a number of syno-
nyms vvhich he refers to it. My sterile fronds are 8-11 inches long, IJ-lj- inch
iu diameter, quite, but not thin,- membranaceous.

77' A. (Elaphoglossatn) Gardneri, Fee; caudex short sul)-
repent or quite erect towards the thickened apex and tiiere
ferrugineo-paleaceous with broad ovato-hmceolate softciHated
scales, stipites 1 4-2 inches long 4-6 inches of the aterile
fronds, squarrose with lax patent ovate piloso-cihated and
suhlaciniated scales mixed with smaller and more appressed
ones; A'/e/v7(' fronds 4 to nearly 6 inches long |-1 inch broad
very firm coriaceo-submembranaceous eliiptico-oblong very
obtuse at both extremities or rarely subacute at the base,
above subglabrous nearly destitute of scales beneath sparsely
yet conspicuously stellato-squamulose with very minute ru-
fous scales a little larger and more copious on the costa, veins
manifest elevated ; fertile fronds 4-5 inches long overtopping
the sterile ones 4-5 lines wide linear-oblong obtuse. — Fee,
Acrost. p. 55. /. 15. /. 3 [small specimen). Elaphoglossum,
Moore. E. intermedium, Brack. Fd. U. S. Expl. Exp. p. 69.

Hab. Stems and branches of trees, Organ Mountains, Brazil, Gardner, n. 93 ;
same locality, Brackenridge. — Brackenridge's plant is from the same locality as
Gardner's, and, I can hardly doubt, is the same ])lant. It is true he does not
speak of the upper side of the frond as denuded of scales, but I suspect that iu
a younger state our plant would be scaly al)ove. The under side is rather dotted
with minute scales than paleaceous or cliafl'y.

78. A. (Elaphoglossum) Orbignyanuin, Fee ; "fronds ol)-
longo-liuear ; sterile ones acute at each extremity clothed
above with appressed papyraceous silvery scales beneath
densely squamose with fulvous lacerated laxly iml^ricated
uniformly coloured scales, stipes long canaliculate scaly ;
fertile ones narrower the margin undulated densely clothed
with lacerated scales having a central rufous dot." — Fee,
Acrost. p. 56. /. 13. /. 2. Elaphoglossum, Moore.

Hab. Mexico, D' Orbigng. — The figure represents a large Fern, densely squa-
mose; sterile with a stipes 16 inches long, frond nearly H foot long. If inci\
wide ; fertile stipes 8 inches long, frond 15 inches long, 1^ inch wide. " Easily
recognized by its scales, tliose on the ujjper side of the sterile fronds close-pressed,
e.vcessively thin, as it were papyraceous, and silvery, those on the under side are
imbricated, oval-lanceolati^, de'chiqupteex. a little deeper in colour towaids the
VOL. V. 2 H

234 ACROSTICHUM, § ELAPHOGLOSSUM.

centre; those of the costa and margin are longer, more loosely imhricated, and
reddish in the centre." It would require copious specimens to ascertain if many
of these marks are not variable.

79. A. (Elaphoglossun-i) heterohjns. Fee ; candex stout
black more or less clothed with close-pressed black rigid su-
bulate scales, stipites 3-5 inches long, of the ftrtik fronds
15 inches, clothed with small ciliato-laciniated appressed
whitish ovato-subulate scales with or viithout a reddish dot
in the centre mixed with much longer linear-subulate falcate
more or less ciliated ones with a black line in the centre, up-
wards on the stipes the dark line is much paler; sterile irowds
9-15 and even 20 inches long 1-1^ inch wide oblongo-lanceo-
long niore or less obtuse or obtusely acuminated attenuated
below coriaceous clothed on both sides but most densely on
the under side with similar scales to those of the stipes
but the narrow elongated ones are chiefly confined to the
costa beneath and are straight spreading horizontally with
a pale reddish Hne down the centre, the ciliated margin of
all the scales varies in degree ; feriileivouds 6-8 inches long
^-| of an inch wide elongate- or linear-oblong similarly
scaly on the upper side and nearly as much so on the lower
side in the younger state of the fructification, but the scales
are obliterated as the fructification advances except the
costal ones which are very copious and conspicuous. — Fee,
Acrcst.p. 36. t. 15. /. 1. Sieb. FL Mixta, n. 281 {Fee).

Hab. Bourbon, Bory. — 1 possess fine specimens of this plant well figured by
Fee, under the names of J. ionieviosum and oi A. obdiictum, from the Paris
herbarium, and oi A.mocrokpis, of Bojer, ms. ; and hence I lielieve Mr. Moore
I'.as transferred those synonjnis to A. obdvctvm, Klfs., retaining, however, the
A. heierolepis of Fee, to which our plants certainly belong. — See our remarks on
A. obductum (n. 86).

80. A.(Elaphoglossum)L6'??/75o'or^?,Hook. andGrev.; cau-
dex creeping stout black densely clothed with long brownish-
black long ciliated glossy subulate scales, stipites 4-6 inches
longofthe/67-ifi/e fronds 8-10 inches long copiously paleaceous
with ovate or ovato-lanceolate finely ciliated lax scales vary-
ing in size of an aureo-ferruginous colour; sterile fronds co-
riaceous S-10 inches to a foot and more long |-H inch wide
lanceolate more or less elongated clothed on both sides more
densely and more permanently beneath with the same kind
of scales as to form and colour as the stipes the largest
being attached to the costa all of them have a deeper tawny
spot in the disk, upper surface often in age quite denuded ;

ACUUSTICIIUM, § ELAl'llOGLOS.SUM. 235

fertile fronds 5-8-10 inclies long \-\ of an incli wide linear-
oblong. — Hook, and Grcv. t. 164. Mart. Crypt. Bras. p. 83.
^ 2 1 ( sniall speciincns) . Fee^ Acrost. p. 57. Elaplioglossum,
Moore. Olfersia, Pr.

Hal). Brazil, Lamjsilorff, Martins, Sellow, Gardner, n. 94 and 5929.— Fee
observes, "cettc graiule et belie espuce est fort distincte; elle est abondainment
couverte des squaiiies blanchdtres :" wbereas the scales of our specimens are
aureo-ferruginoiis, and in bis own specific character he says, " sqiianiis ferrugi-
neis." This colour is one of the distinguishing marks between this species and
A. heterolepis, and, as I suspect is the case in that species, the scales are in age
very deciduous.

81. A. (Elaphoglossum) laminarioides, Bory ; "sterile fronds
vittate (elongato-linear) acuminate, acumen very long and
narrow flexuose partially clothed (subtectis) with lacerated
acuminate rufo-ferruginous scales on both sides especially at
the costa, stipites ferruginous ; /tv^i/e fronds linear acute,
the margin" (probably in drying?) "'revolute, beneath clothed
with appressed irregularly rounded scales ciliated at the
margin, caude.K creeping." Fee. — Bory, in Fee, Acrost. p. 57'
Elaphoglossum, Moore.

Hab. French Guiana, Leprieur. — Fee's figure represents an Acrosiichum, of
which the aterile plant has a stipes 8-9 inches long, fronds H-2 feet long 1-H
inch wide ol)tusely or long and finely acuminated ; fertile with a stipes only 3
inches long, with a frond 7 inches long by \ au inch wide. The species exhibits
no very striking characters.

82. A. (Elaphoglossum) cu.'ipidatuin, Willd. ; '^sterile
fronds linear-lanceolate elongate terminating abruptly in a
narrow acumen sometimes gradually acuminated attenuated
at the base squamose beneath, scales fulvous lanceolate more
copious on the rufescent costa, above the scales are appressed
albescent translucent ciliated channelled, the margins repand,
veins parallel standing out nearly at a right angle ; fertile
fronds linear densely squamose, scales rounded ciliated, sti-
pites in both elongated sulcata squamose, caude.K repent
thick, the scales rufous lanceolate subentire ending in a long
cuspidate point." Fee. — IVUld. Sp. PL v. p. 106. K^e. in
JAnnceu, ix. /;. 29. Fee, Acrost. p. 57- ^. 14. /". 2. Elapho-
glossum, Moore. Olfersia, Pr.

Uah. Caraccas, {n'illdenotv). Vem, Paeppig. Tarapota, o/;)-Kce, w. 4638. Ve-
nezuela, Fendler, n. 271. Ocana, Schlim, n. t)21. Ecuador, Bafios, Spruce, n.
5232. (Fee quotes Brazil, Gardner, n. 5929, Imt that is clearly A. Lanyadorffii.)
— This i.s probably, like too many of the /;7'jyj//oir/o6AM'« group, a very variable
plant. Fee's figure represents a narrow form of it with unusually cuspidate
points of the sterile fronds, and their under side as quite shaggy with palea-

236 ACROSTICHUM, § ELAPHOGLOSSUM.

ceous scales ; whereas my specimens have the scales (of a cinnamon-colour rather
than ferruginous) singularly appressed and compact, looking as if their ciliated
margins had been worn away more or less, and as if what remained, though
quite covering the surface, were glued, as it were, to it. These close compact
scales have sometimes a black spot upon them, and somelimes they are mixed
with little black scales. This is the case with my authentic specimens from
Kunze. My most perfect specimens are from Fendler and from Spruce. In these
the caudex is stout, black, creeping, clothed with copious, intensely black, falcate,
narrow, subulate, glossy scales ; slipites, sterile and fertile, nearly equal, very
deciduously scaly ; sterile fronds nearly 2 feet long, 3 inches wide, destitute of
scales above ; fertile fronds 1 foot long, 1^ inch wide.

83. A. (Elaphoglossum) curvans, Kze. ; "sterile frond
linear-oblong cuspidate, the margin subrepand coriaceous
subglabrous above, rather glossy pale-coloured beneath,
densely ferrugineo-squamose, scales ciliated, costa and long
stipes clothed with scales having a pellucid border ; fertile
fronds linear above densely nigrescenti-squamose curved at
both extremities, caudex creeping densely nigro-paleaceous."
— Kze. in Linncea, ix. p. 30. Fee, Acrost. p. 58. Elapho-
glossum, Moore.

Hah. Peru, Pooppig. — Stipes of the sterile frnnd 6-8 inches long, fertile one
7-10 inches; sterile frond 10-12 inches long, 10-14 lines wide; fertile frnnd
6-7 inches long, 4-6 lines wide. The curvation of the frond is remarkable and
constant." My solitary specimen from Kunze is peculiarly straight in its frond,
and it is in too imperfect a state to allow me to form any judgment upon it.
Kunze compares it to^. squamatiim, Sw.,but says it differs in the cuspidate and,
above, subscaleless fiond, and in size.

84. A. (Elaphoglossum) elongatum, Kze.; ^'sterile frond
linear-oblong cuspidato-acuminate at the apex, coriaceous
densely patenti-venose above sparingly and minutely squa-
mose margined, with the margin scalybeneath pubescent with
very minute lacerated squamules ; fertile frond conform
narrowed above more densely albo-squamose, the margin
nearly free from scales, costa sulcate channelled beneath,
stipites of each frond very long and together with the costa
of the sterile plant canaliculate densely squamuloso-pilose,
scales larger scattered blackish.^^ — Kze. in Linncea, ix. p. 31.
Fee, Acrost. p. 58. Elaphoglossum, Moore.

Hab. Peru, Paeppig. — " Sterile frond 1 foot long, 14 lines wide ; fertile frond
shorter, 5 lines broad." Fee compares the species with A. dissimile, but says the
spores differ.

85. A. (Elaphoglossum) Bellermanniamim, Kl. ; caudex
short thick horizontal or ascending ferrugineo-paleaceous,
stipites aggregated 2-5 inches long, of the fertile fronds 6-9
inches long, squamose with two kinds of scales some small

ELAIMIOGLOSSUM. 23/

appressed and whitish the others large ferruginous and more
or less spreading both are ovate and more or less ciliated and
marked with a dark spot at the base ; sterile fronds 3 to
nearly 6 inches long 1-1 y inch wide thin coriaceous elliptical-
oblong obtuse subobliquely cuneate at the base very slightly
thickened and entire at the margin dotted with minute scales
whitish on the upper side beneath pale fuscous subovate
finely ciliated appressed rather unequal in size much larger
on the prominent costa beneath and marked with a dark
almost black spot in the disk, veins slightly prominent be-
neath subhorizontally patent ; fertile fronds 2-42 inches long
5-7 lines wide oblong obtuse a little attenuated at the base.
— Kl. in Liwuea, xx. p. 426. Kze. in Schk. Fil. Suppl. p. 37-
t. 116. Elaphoglossum, Moore.

Hal). Columbia, Moritz, n. 259. Venezuela, Fendler, n. 270. — My specific
character is drawn up from a fine specimen of Fendler.

86. A. (Elaphoglossum) obductuni, Klfs. ; caudex short
thick knotted or much incrassated about the stipites and
clothed with copious subulate bristle-like intensely black
glossy scales, the superior ones towards the apex with white
margins, stipites 3-4 inches long 6-10 inches of the fertile
fronds clothed in an early stage with white firm scales of
two kinds, small and appressed ovato-acuminate with a
black spot in the disk, others larger subulate with a black
line in centre, fronds rather thin-coriaceous ; sterile ones
10-12-14 inches long about 1-1 ^ inch wide oblongo-lan-
ceolate generally or acuminated attenuated at the base scale-
less or only clouded as it were with whitish patches which
appear to be the remains' of close-pressed whitish very in-
distinct scales, beneath subfurfuraceous with closely-pressed
tawny minute squamules close-placed and presenting no dis-
tinct form nor any fringed or ciliated margin, these are also
(though more persistent than the upper squamules) in time
deciduous ; fertile ivonds smaller and narrower but not other-
wise different, sometimes on the costa beneath exhibiting
white linear scales with an intensely black line in the centre.
— Klfs. in Sieb. Sj/n. Fil. n. 25, in Herb, nostr. Fee, Acrost.
p. 59. Olfersia, Pr.

Ilal). Mauritius anil Hoinhon, Bory, Sicber, Bnjer, Bonton, Gardnpr. — This
has much in common with the A. heterolepix, and I have sometimes douhted if
this may not he an old state of the former; the scales, if such they may he
called, have nothini; of the perfectness of that species : but in all my specimens
the fronds arc here thinner and more acuminated.

238 ACROSTICUUM, § ELAFHOGLOSSUM.

87. A. (Elaphoglossum) adenolepis, Kze. ; " frond oblongo-
linear attenuated at the apex obtuse thick-coriaceous above
remotely beneath (as well as the long canaliculate stipes and
the rachis grooved above) densely le])idote, scales minute in
the middle glanduloso-brunneous silvery at the margin,"
Kze. — (Fertile fronds unknown, and I fear the plant itself very
imperfectly so.) — Kze. in L'mnoea, ix. p. 27. Fee, Acrost. p.
59.

Hah. Peru, Pceppig. — " Frond 1-2 feet long, 2 inches broad." " Espece fort
distiiicte." Fee.

88. A. (Elaphoglossum) lepidotum, Willd. ; caudex short
thick creeping or ascending knotted clothed with black very-
glossy subulate falcate scales, stipites 2-.S inches, of the
fertile fronds more than 5 inches long, scurfy with scales of
two forms smaller ovate pale-brown and larger sul)lanceolate
and falcate generally with a black line down the middle both
more or less ciliated ; sterile fronds coriaceous 2- (rarely 6)
inches long 3 lines to ^ an inch wide linear oblong obtuse
or subacute obtusely cuneate at the base above clothed with
white (apparently blanched) papyraceous sometimes bright
tawny appressed lanceolate ciliated scales very copious at the
margin, beneath equally scaly with aureo-fulvous scales of the
same character frequently with a dark or black spot on the disk
especially on those of the costa; fertile fronds scarcely differ-
ing in size and shape from the sterile, equally scaly above and
copiously so on the costa beneath. — IVilld. Sp. PI. v. p. 102.
Fee, Acrost. p. 58. Elaphoglossum, Moore. Olfersia, Pr.
A. Dombeyanum, Fee, Acrost. p. 59. t. 17- /"• 2 {very rjood).

Hab. Peru, Dombey, Fee. Ecuador, Pichincha, Jameaon, n. 232. On Mount
Aznay, alt. 13,000 feet, Columbia, Morits, n. 323 (" A. polylepis, Kze. Herb.").
" Venezuela {Linden), Truxillo et Merida, 1300-4800 (!) metres," Fee (under A.
Dombeyanum). — My specimen from Linden is marked " Caraccas (1842), n.
550 ;" hut n. 550 is quoted by Fee as A. rubiginosum, and by Moore as A.
Schiedei, Kze. It is, however, the very counterpart of Fee's figures of his
A. Dumbeyanum, t. 17, f. 2. It would not be easy to say exactly what is Wdl-
denow's A. lepidotum. It is probably the same as ours, and I think Moore has
(lone rightly in referring Fee's A. Dombeyanum to A. lepidotum. Indeed, the
author notices this reseinljlance, but gives as one of the essential differences that
A. Dombeyanum has only 11 articulations to the annulus of the capsules, A. le-
pidotum has 12-14. It is remarkable, too, that Fee gives Dombey as the autho-
rity for the discovery of A. lepidotum in Peru, but does not mention his name
under A. Dombeyanum. The present species appears to be eminently Andine,
and might almost be looked upon as a dwarfed form of A. Langsdorffii.

89. A. (Elaphoglossum) anricomum, Kze. ; " sterile fronds

ACROSTICIIUM, § ELAIMIOOLOSSIM. 2.39

ohlongo-linear acuminate nicnibranaceous lax, the niaro-in
rejiand, veins tliick standing at an angle of 80°-85°, scales
aureous remote stellately fringed above adhering to the frond,
at the base very long attenuated upon the stipes, stipes hir-
sute with narrow lacerated patulous scales ; fertile fronds
narrower acute at both extremities squamose, scales as in the
sterile, caudex creeping scaly/' Fee. — Kze. in IJnncea, ix. /;.
28. F(k', Acrost. v. 59. Elaphoglossum, Moore. Olfersia,
Pr.

Mali. Peru, Pceppir/. St. Gcibriel, Am.izoii, Spruce, n. 2185. Mexico {Fee).
— 1 possess only a barren specimen of this from Kiinze, but I cannot doubt tliat
my very fine jilant from Spruce is identical with this, though somewhat more
coriaceous. The scales are deeply fringed, constituting rather stellated hairs than
scales, particularly abundant on the tinder side, near tiie base of the frond, and of a
fine aureofulvous colour. On the stipes, however, the fine stellated hairs are mixed
with narrow, fringed, lacerated scales, and a few of such appear on the upper
side of the frond ; stipitcs of the sterile fronds 2-1 inches long, of the fertile
fronds twice that length; sterile fronds 12-15 inches long, l^-l.V inch wide,
much attenuated at the base ; fertile frond 10 inches long, 5 lines wide, obtuse,
attenuated at the base,

90. A. (Elaphoglossum) eryihrolepis, Fee; "fronds linear
acute at each extremity ; sterile ones with the margins pli-
cate above clothed with rubricose ovato-ciliated scales some-
times palmate at the base obtuse beneath more copious laxly
imbricated and paler as on the stipites, caudex creeping
thick as a pigeon's quill, the scales blackisii-brown rigid
thick scarcely ciliated." — Fee, Acrost. p. 60.

Hab. " Peru, Dombeyy — " C'est uno bonne es])ece, qui demande ;\ itre com-
pk'tee." I fear too much stress is apt to be laid on the form of the scales, and
that too many species are formed on very imperfect materials in this very variable
group.

91. A. (Ela])hoglossum) squamosum, Sw. ; caudex short
thick horizontal or ascending, the portion nearest the stipes
clothed with subulate glossy subulate castaiieous scales, stipites
2-4 inches, of the /i^r/i/c' fronds 4-6 inches long clothed with
bright ferruginous (sometimes intensely black) linear-lanceo-
late scales, small compact ones being mixed with larger and
spreading ones all long and most beautifully plumoso-ciliated,
scales of the same two kinds cover the whole of the fronds
(save the soriferous laminal very copious at the margins and
they are sometimes pale-tawny on the upper side or on both
sides aureo-nitent. the larger or longer scales generally al)oiit
the costa often there mixed M-ith ebony-black ones, fronds
coriaceo-membranaceous, ster'ile ones r)-8-9 inches lonu; •J-l

240 ACROSTICHUM,

inch broad oblonw or oblongo-lanceolate moderately but
bluntly acuminated cuneate or often attenuated at the base,
fertile ones 4-8-10 inches long \ an inch broad linear-ob-
long copiously plumoso-squamose on the upper side obtuse
at both extremities. — Sw. in Schrad. Journ. 1800. ii. ^.11.
Sijn. Fit. p. 10. Schk. Fil. p. 184. t.l.b {execrable). Ela-
phoglossum, /. Sm. Moore. Olfersia paleacea et vestita,
Pr. A. hirtum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 194 a7id 419. Jnild. Sp.
PL V. p. 104. Fee, Acrost. p. 61. A. vestitum (paleaceum
on the plate). Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 2.35. A. rufescens,
Liebm. Fil. Mex. p. 18. A. splendens, Bory, in Willd. Sp.
Pl.wp.lOA. Fee, Acrost. p. 60./. 21./. 2. Elaphoglos-
sum, Brack. Moore. Acrost. Meridense, 7i7. in Linmea,
XX. p. 427.

Hab. Jamaica, frequent. Venezuela (A. Meridense), Fendlcr, n. 269 (the
smaller specimen doubtiul). Para, Spruce, n. 16. Ecuador, Valley of Lloa,
Jameson, Spruce. Mexico, Liehmann. BourI)on, on trees, Bory, in Herb, nostr.
Interior of Madagascar, Bojer. Sandwich Islands, frequent. Ceylon. Mrs.
Genl. IValker. Sumatra, Tescliemacher. India: Kumaoii, IVallich ; Nilghiri,
Beddume,n.\l . Madeira, Azores, abundant. West tropical Africa: Sugarloaf
Mountain (fronds long and narrow, very tapering below). Barter, in Baikie^s
Niger Exp.; Cameroon Mountains, alt. 6000 feet, G. Mann,n. 1378 (some of
the larger scales on the costa and on the stipes 4-5 lines long). — The chief
characteristics of this most beautiful species may he summed up in few words.
The linear-lanceolate scales co]iiously and most beautifully pectinato-pluniose,
but it must be confessed that with a very little variation in the scales it would he
very difficult to distinguish this from A . plumosum,

92. A. (Elaphoglossum) vestitum, Schlecht. ; "fronds
linear-lanceolate long attenuate at the base acuminated at
the apex acute, on both sides clothed with lanuginous rufo-
ferruginous caducous tomentum ; fertile ones narrower of
about the same length as the sterile on longer stipites, cau-
dex abbreviated repent densely clothed with dilated ciliated
purpureo-fuscous scales." Fee. — Schlecht. in Linncea, v. p.
605 [fiof Loive, in Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil.). Elaphoglossum,
Schott. Moore. Olfersia, Pr. Acrost. fulvum, Mart, and
Gal. Fil. Mex. p. 24. t. 3./. 2.

Hab. Mexico, Schiede and Deppe, Galeotti, " n. 6459." Jamaica, Grisebach,
in Herb, nostr. — Schlechtendal speaks of this Fern as " bi-tripedalis, stipitibus
semipedalilius ; frondibus sterilibus ad summum sesquipollicem, fertilihus quatiior
lineas latis." Galeotti's figure of A. fulvum gives no idea of such dimensions.
Fee, in his remarks, niodities the term"tomento lanuginoso vestitum " by the
expression, " les ecailles sout roussatres," etc.; and he further adds, " elle a
d'assez grandes rapports avec V A. splendens.'" My Jamaica specimen might,
indeed, pass for a starved state of the latter plant, but the species appears to be
a verv unsatisfactory one.

ACROSTICIIUM, § LOMARIOPSIS. 241

93. A. (Elaphoglossuni) succisrpfolmm, P. Th. ; caudex
creepin<T thicker than a swan's quill tortuose densely clothed
with imbricated l)lack subulate glossy scales, stipites aggre-
gated 2-3-4 inches long, 5-6 of the fertile fronds, very palea-
ceous with copious small furfuraceous scales and erecto-
patent larger lanceolate acuminated ones black with a pale
pubescenti-ciliated margin, fronds coriaceous ; sterile ones
3^-4 niches long 1-1 i inch wide elliptical-oblong or sublin-
guiform very obtuse at the apex and base, clothed pretty
uniformly on botli sides with fulvo-ferruginous scales of two
kinds smaller and furfuraceous ones and much larger lanceo-
lato-acuminated ones, downy at the margin and more or less
dentato-ciliated towards the base, ve^y copious on the costa;

fertile fronds about the same length but much narrower and
equally obtuse and equally paleaceous on the upper side and
on the costa beneath. — P. Th. Fl. Trist. (PAcunha, p. SI.
Carm. in Linn. Trans, xii. 'p. 510. Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil.
t. 2. Fee, Acrost.p. 61.

Ilah. Isle of Tristan d'Acunlia, P. Thouara, Carmichael, MacgiUivra]/, and
MHhp. — Du Petit Thouars gives Mauritius, asid IBory gives Bourbon, as the lo-
calities for this species.

94. A. (Elaphoglossum) pilosum, H. B. ; "sterile fronds
flexuosc acute at each extremity griseous on long weak sti-
pites, on both sides paleaceous, scales x-eddish stellate lace-
rated to the naked eye looking like hairs (whence the name),
fertile ones linear-lanceolate acute attenuated at the base
scaly, stipites as long as the frond, caudex thick unequal
scaly, the scales fulvous lanceolate lacerated." Fee. — Hiinib.
et Bonpl. in Willd. Sp. PL v. ;;. 103. Fee, Acrost. p. 63.
Elaphoglossum, Moore. Olfersia, Pr. Moore refers to this,
and prohahh/ correctly, the A.cochleatum, Bory, in Fee, Acrost.
p. 63. t. 16'. f. 1.

Ilab. New Andalusia, alt. CGOO feet, Humboldt mid Bonplnnd. Mexico, An-
drieihv, n. 31 (in Herd, nostr). Columbia (//. cochleatiun), Morifz, n. 30
(il/oore). — My si)eciinen of A. pilosum from Andrieux and Fee's figure of^^.
cochleatum, Bory, quite resemble each other, and have all the appearance of old
withered specimens, twisted and distorted by drought. In both the scales of the
caudex are broad and ferruginous and veiy copious.

§ 2. LoMARiopsis. — Fronds pinnated. Veins simple or forked, fi-ee. — Gen.
Lomariopsis, Fee. Acrostichum, L. Stenochlaena, in part, J. Sm.

95. A. (Lomariopsis) sorhifoUuni, Linn. ; caudex long thick
scandent often angled i)y the decurrent bases of the stipites
clothed with large lanceolato-subulate ciliated generally pale

VOL. v. 2 I

242 ACROSTICHUM, § LOMARIOPSIS.

fuscous scales, stipites varying in length 3-4 inches to a foot
long more sparingly paleaceous, fronds subcoriaceous l-H-2
feet long lanceolate or oblong pinnated, pinnae articulated
6-7-20-30; sterile pinnse from 4-7 inches long and from
|-2 inches wide lanceolate or oblong acuminate sometimes
broader upwards or sometimes caudato-apiculate subpetio-
late entire or more or less serrated or dentate at the margin,
rachis winged towards the apex and even for its whole length
in the young specimens, veins manifest more or less ele-
vated ; fertile pinnae smaller and narrower but not otherwise
different.— LwTz. Sj]. PL jj. 1526. Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 115.
Lomariopsis, Fee, Acrost. j). 69. Onoclea, Siv. Syn. Fil. p.
112. O Ifersia, Pr. Lomaria longifolia f«i^ sorbifolia, if//^.
Stenochlsena longifolia, J. Sin. Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exp.
p. 75. Plum. Fil. t. 117- Acrost. lomarioides, Bory, in
Belang. Voy. p. 21. t. 2 {pinnules obtuse). Olfersia, Pr.
Lomariopsis Boryana, Fee, Acrost. p. 68. Lomaria integri-
folia, Klfs. in Sieb. Syn. Fil. n. 23. Lomariopsis cuspidata,
Fee, Acrost. p. GS. t. 27. L. variabilis, Fee, Acrost. p. 70. t.
31 and 32 {abnormal form). Lomaria, TVilld. Olfersia, Pr.
Lomaria fraxinea, tVilld. Lomariopsis ludens {abnormal
form), Fee, Acrost. p. 70. t. 30. L. recurvata, Fee, Acrost.
p. 68. t. 28. L. leptocarpa, Fee, Acrost. p. 69. t. 29 {pinfia
much elongated, and fertile ones very long and narrow).
Stenochlcena oleandrifoHa, Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exp. p.
75. Lomariopsis Cochinchinensis, Fee, Acrost. p. 66. t. 26.
Lomariopsis Smithii, Fee, Acrost. p. 74. t. 33. /. 2 {fertile),
t. 53 [sterile frond) . L. Wrightii, Metten. in Fil. Wright, et
Fendl. Acrost. Yapurense, Mart. Ic. PL Crypt. Bras. p. 36.
i. 24 {a larger form, excellent). Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 57.
Acrostichum phkbodcs, K.::e. in Linnaea, ix. p. 33. Loma-
riopsis, Fee, Acrost. p. 66. L. Prieuriana, Fee, Acrost. p.
66. t. 25. f. 1. L. erythrodes? and L. elongata. Fee, Acrost.
p.Gt

Hah. Tropical America, frequent : "West Indian Islands, Cuba, C. Wright, n.
787 {Lomariopsis Wrightii, ^&t.) ; Columbia, Guiana, Peru, etc. Tropical Africa :
River Nun and Prince's Island, Fernando Po, Barter, Gustav Maim. — I ex-
pressed my doubts as to the distinction between^, sorhifolium and A. Yapurense
in m)' volume of ' Garden Ferns.' A further investigation has satisfied me that
there are no valid differences between them : and I have every reason to believe
that the following localities from the Old World are correct : Philippine Islands,
Cuming, n. 132 {Lomariop. leptocarpa, Fee) ; and the same form, Fiji Islands, See-
mann, n.7\\, and Brackenridge. Samoa, Powell {Stenochl. oleandrifoHa, Brack.).
Luzon, Cuming (Lomariop. Smithii, Fee, Stenochl. elotigata, J. Sm.) and Brack-

ACROSTICIIUM, § LOMARIOPSIS. 243

enridge; the latter also gives Samoa. Singapore (iy. /«</<?«», Foe), Cochincliiiia
{L. Cochmchinensis, Fee), IJourbon, Mauritius, Madagascar, etc. — Besides the
variations common to Ferns in general, this plant is extremely apt to take ah-
normal forms, which have given rise to a Lomariopsis ludens, L. varia/jilis, where
the elongated caudex hears fronds a span and more long, or simple or jjinnatifid
at the hase, or wholly pinnatifid, or pinna; with the small pinnules piniiatitid.
But the most remarkahle ahnormal state apparently helonging to this species (for
my specimen was received without name and hearing no separate ticket) has the
caudex terete, straight, thick as a goose-quill, heset with sharp, very pungent
spines, and hearing small, sessile, ovale fronds, 3 inches long, very compound,
closely tripinuate, the ultimate pinnules little more than ,1 a line long and cu-
neate ; this is considered to he the Lomnria aculeata, Bl., and is certainly
the Lomariopsis spinencens. Fee, Acrost. p. 71. t. 33. f. 1, which that author
keeps distinct from L. Smit/iii. But he adds the portion of a caudex of L.
Smifhii, which is spinous and hears a normal frond and an ahnormal one, which
is only hipinuate, so that I strongly suspect hoth helong to one ami the same
plant. J. Smith seems to refer these to StenocMcena scaiidens (see that plant at
p. 249). My specimen of L. Smithii is a very perfect or normal one, quite like
the South American L. sorbifoUa, except that the veins are more distant. Indeed,
Mr. J. Smith considered it to he identical with the Lomaria lonyifoUa of Kaul-
fuss, which is generally united hy authors with sorbifoUa.

SteiiochUma variabilis, of Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exp. p. 78. t. 11, from the
Ovalau and the Fiji Islands, is, as I stated under Lomaria fiUformis (supra, vol.
iii. p. 33), an ahnormal state of that plant. What is Lomariopsis Novx-Cale-
donicB, Mctten. Fil. Nov. Caled. p. 4, of which he says, " paleis rhizomalis cum
L. Smithii, Fee, congruit, a qua vero directione obliqua nervorum recedit ; L.
leptocarpa. Fee {Stenochlcuna variabilis. Brack.), nervatura congruente proxima,
paleis sulicoriaceis pallide rufescentihus oblongo-lanceolatis, pinnis fertilihus con-
tractis linearibus, utrinque ad costam receptaculum elevatum more Polyboirym
gerentihus, diversa est " .■'

96. A. (Lomariopsis) buxifoUum, Kze. ; caudex flexuose
scandent clothed with narrow-lanceolate acuminated scales,
fronds (6 inches long on short stipites) pinnated, pinnae
10-14 pairs (^ an inch long) ; sterile ones oval or obovate
sessile slightly oblique at the base terminal one larger acumi-
nate ; fertile pinna3 linear or linear-spathulate sessile remote.
— Kze. in Sch/c. Fil. p. l^l.t. 72. Lomariopsis, Fee, Acrost.
p. 09.

Ilah. Madagascar, Gondot, Meller, in Kerb. nostr.-—\i is more than possible
that this may be a dwarfed or starved form of A.sorbifolium ; indeed, my speci-
mens, sterile ones it is true, from Dr. Meller are accompanied by others which
show a passage to the ordinary form of sorbi/olium.

97- A. (Lomariopsis) poli/jj/iT/llujii, Hook. ; caudex long
scandent tortuose very paleaceous, stipites 2-4 inches in
length and as well as the rachis (which is winged upwards)
paleaceous with subulate brown spreading scales, fronds
firm-membranaceous subi)ellucid dark-green H foot long
.5-4 inches wide at most, narrow-kuu-eolate much attenuated,
below, pinnate, pinme numerous not less than 40 pairs;

244 ACROSTICHUM, § POLYBOTRYA.

sterile fronds with close comj^act pinnae 1-2 inches long
less than \ an inch wide from a broad always sessile base
oblong-acuminate subdentate, lowest ones very small close-
placed orbicular; fertile fronds rather smaller, the pinnules
1-1^ inch long linear petiolate truncate or subhastate at the
base.

Hab. West tropical Africa : Cameroon Mountains, alt. 4000 feet, G. Mann. —
This is, at first sight, more unlike the ordinary form of A.sorbifolium than any of
its varieties; yet I will not venture to pronounce upon this as decidedly A\i,in\ci.
The pinnae are very numerous, close-placed in the sterile frond, more distant (on
account of their nariowness) in the fertile frond, and in the latter truncate or
even subhastate at the petiolated base.

§ 3. PoLYBOTRYA. — Fronds dimorphous, generally ample and very compound.
The fertile pinnules much contracted and sometimes soriferous on both sur-
faces. Veins simple or forked. — Gen. Polybotrya, H. B. K.

98. A. (Polybotrya) caudatum, Hook, (not Acr. caud..
Hook. Ic. PL t. 215); caudex stout scandent ' 15-20 feet
long often 1 inch broad, stipites elongated as thick as the
finger at the base and there paleaceous with subulate brown
falcate scales an inch long, fronds from near the sum-
mit of the caudex ample subcoriaceous several feet long;
sterile ones tripinnate, primary pinnae 1^ foot long distant
long-petioled often 1 foot broad, secondary ones 4-6 inches
long petiolulate deeply pinnatifid or pinnate with ovate or
falcate entire or serrated lobes, ultimate pinnules \\-2 inches
long ; fertile fronds ample bipinnate, pinnules petiolate 2-4
or more inches long \\ line wide linear more or less irregu-
larly pinnatifid- with short oblong segments, terminal portion
caudate all over soriferous or with a ridge on the back whicli
is sometimes sterile. — Polybotrya, Kze. in Linnaa, ix. p. 23.
Fee, Acrost. p. 72. t. 34 [very good). Psomiocarpa, Pr. —
Var. /3 ; rachis, costae, and veins ferruginously stellato-pu-
bescent and villous. P. pubens, Mart. Fil. Bras. p. 87- 1. 25.
Kze. in Linncea, ix. p. 23.

Hab. Peru, PKpjng, Spruce, n. 4634, 3880. Ecuador, Tumaco, Hindes, See-
mann. New Granada, Arima, Purdie, n. 12. Panama, Sutton Hayes. — Var. /3.
Peru, Poeppig, in Herb, nostr. Amazon, Martius. Guiana, Schomburgk, Le
Prieur. Brazil, Spruce, n. 2116. — The ample panicle of very long caudate pin-
nules are mainly characteristic of this species. The P. pubens of Kunze and
Martius appears to me to be a hairy var. of the same; the fertile frond is iden-
tical. In both the disk of the upper side is more or less free of capsules.

99. A. (Polybotrya) nutans, Hook. ; " caudex very long
scandent and radicant, stipes moderately large paleaceous,
frond triangular- oblong subglabrous ; s/m/e frond bipinnate.

ACROSTICHUM, § POLYBOTRYA. 245

piiintc and pinnules confluent at tlic apex, pinnaj lanceolate,
acuminate, pinnules rhombeo-ovate subfalcate shortly acumi-
nate at the base al)ove truncato-sul)auriculate below cuneate
veined serrated; fertile frond sulxiuadripinnate tripinnatifid
or bipinnate at the apex, pinna acuminate, tertiary ones fili-
form obtuse, rachises subpaleaceous hairy." Kze. — Polybo-
trya, Kze. in Linncea, ix. p. 24. Fee, Acrost. j). 72. Psomio-
carpa, Pr. Epiinel.

I lab. " Pampayaco, Peru," Pcep/iig. — " Differs from P. caudata in the fertile
frond being more comiiound, the sterile ones more simple; from P. osmundacea
(ex descrij). et Ic.) in tiie rachises being pilose, and in the fertile pinnules being
elongated." I fear there is too great a desire to multiply needlessly the species
of the Polybotrya group of Acrostichum.

100. A. (V oXyhoiry si) acuminatum, YiooV.', "caudex erect
scandent densely paleaceous, stipes sparsely paleaceous,
fronds coriaceous glabrous ; sterile ones 1-2 feet long oblong-
ovate acuminate bipinnate, inferior secondary pinnae petio-
late, suj)erior ones sessile and decurrent from a cuneate en-
tire unequal base or on the lower side cuneate with the su-
perior side truncate and produced ovate subfalcate acuminate
piiinatifidly incised or grossly crenate ; fertile fronds 1 foot
long deltoid-ovate tripinnate, tertiary segments petiolatc
oblong entire or lobulate at the base." Metten. — Polybotrya
acuminata, Link. Sp. Fit. p. 148. Fee, Acrost. p. 73. Metten.
Fit. Hort. Lips. p. 23. /. 2. f. 1-6, Psomiocarpa, Pr. Epim.
p. 161. Aspidium, Raddi, Fil. Bras. p. 34. t. 39 {sterile
frond only).

Hab. Brazil, Raddi (in Herb, nostr., but sterile), Langsdorff. — It has long been
a puzzle what the Aspidium scandens, figured and descril)ed by Raddi from sterile
specimens, could be. My authentic ones from Raddi quite agree with the figure
and description of Alettenius of the i)resent plant, and the two are alike natives
of Brazil. Moore had, indeed, been disposed to refer IJaddi's plant to Polybotrya
osmundacea; but as far as the frond and caudex and stipes are concerned,
they much more resemble Link's and Mettenius's plant.

101. A. (Polybotrya) incisum. Hook.; '' fronds pubescent
subtripinnate, pinnaj bipinnate oblong, pinnules bipinnate at
the base bipinnatifid above, segments incised, the segments
obtuse, rachis thick paleaceous ; fertile ones trii)innatc
branched, ultimate divisions linear obtuse acuminated at the
apex, capsules large ovoid clothing the under side of the la-
mincc." Fee. — Polybotrya, TAnk. Sp. Fil. p. 148. Fee, Acrost.
p. 73. /. 35. Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 23.

Uab, Brazil (laK/zVc).—" Ill tliis plant there is a great disposition to liavc
parts of a frond sterile, the rest fertile."

246 ACROSTICHUM, §

102. A. (Polybotrya) cylindricmn, Hook. ; sterile fronds
subtripintiate, segments truncato-rotundate crenulate ciliate ;
fertile ones tripinnate, pinnules cylindrical. — Polybotrya,
Klfs. En. Fil. p. 56. Fee, Acrost. p. 74. t. 36. P. speciosa,
Schott, Gen. Fil. p. 2. cum Ic.

Hab. Brazil, Martins, Schott, Chamisso, etc., Gardner, n. 91. Jamaica, Wiles.
— I canuot distinguish between this and the following.

103. A. (Polybotrya) osnmndaceum, Hook. ; ^^ sterile frond
subbipinnate, pinnae ovato-lanceolate acuminate alternate
pedicellate glabrous, upper ones pinnatifid, segments oblong
oblique at the apex obtuse serrato-crenate, upper ones con-
fluent, inferior pinnae pinnate at the base 3 inches long 1
inch wide, pinnules oblong acute crenate 1 inch long, rachis
and costules glabrous naked ; fertile frond tripinnate, pri-
mary pinnae 3 inches long and as well as the secondary ones
alternate, lower ones 1 inch long, pinnules terete 1-3 lines
long on every side clothed with capsules resembling cylin-
drical and globose spikelets." Polybotrya, H. B. K. Nov.
Gen. Am. I. p. 23. t. 2. Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 99. • Klfs. En.
p. 56. Hook. Gen. Fil. t. S8. B. Fee, Acrost. p. H.

Hab. New Granada, Humboldt and Bonpland. Ecuador, Spruce, n. 5685.
Brazil, Gardner, n. 91 and 92, Moricand. Jamaica, A. Prior, Purdie. Cuba, C.
Wright, n. 786. — I fear the composition of the fertile fronds and the relative
length and breadth of the ultimate pinnas are too variable to afford really stable
characters for this and the three or four preceding species. This is, however, the
one on which the genus Polybotrya was established,

104. A. (Polybotrya) Lechlerianum, Hook. ; caudex thick
elongated scandent paleaceous with ovate very acuminated
brown scales, stipites pale-brown glossy a span long 2-3 lines
wide scaly below ; sterile frond 3 feet and more long sub-
membranaceous firm villous broad-ovate acuminate tripin-
nate, primary pinnae subsessile a span to a foot long distant
ovate acuminate, secondary ones approximate numerous,
pinnules ^ of an inch long very numerous ovato-oblong
deeply pinnatifid, the segments oblong very acute slightly
falcate each with a single vein clavate at its apex and not
reaching to the apex of the segment; fertile frond ramified
as the sterile one, the pinnules short 2-4 lines long linear
very obtuse lobato-pinnatifid soriferous beneath chiefly near
the margin. — Polybotrya, Metten. in Lechl. PI. Perim. n. 2156,
and Fil. Lechl. Chit, et Peru. p. 4. t. 1. f. 1-5. Hook. 2d
Cent, of Ferns, t.97-

Hab. Shady places, St. Gavan, Peru, Lechler, n. 2150. NearTarapota, Eastern

ACROSTICHUM, § POLYBOTRYA. 247

Peru, Spruce, n. 4744 (fine specimens, hut sterile only). Ecuador, Jameiton
(fertile frond only). — A very peculiar and elegant species, with very small, deeply-
cut sterile pinnules.

105. A. (Polybotrya) ccmaliculatwn. Hook. ; caudex very-
long (15 feet) scandent densely clothed with long subulate
brown scales spinulose towards the apex, stipes and rachis
stramineous paleaceous with long subulate scales above with
broader and shorter ones, "fronds coriaceous glabrous 2\
feet long ; sterile ones lii-tri-subquadripinnate, lower secon-
dary pinnse petiolate ovato-oblong acute subpinnatifid from
the middle to the lower base cuneate, superior truncate and
produced unequally oblong obtuse pinnate at the base or
inciso-pinnatifid, upper ones decurrent ; fertile fronds qua-
dripinnate, ultimate pinnules petiolate subglobose or obo-
vate." Metten. — Polybotrya, A7. in Linncea, xx. p. 429.
Eat. in Fit. Wright, et Fendi. p. 196. Metten. Fil. Hort.
Lips. p. 24.

Hab. Venezuela, Moritz, n. 278, Karsten, Fendler, n. 262. — This is a very
elegant plant, the fronds much smaller than any of the preceding species, bright
green when dry, paler beneath, and with the ultimate fertile pinnules small,
petioled, globose.

106. A. (Polybotrya) articulatum., Hook.; caudex?, stipes?,
rachis thick as a goose-quill dark purple-brown slightly hairy
and subpaleaceous with soft subulate scales (reddish-brown
in the fertile frond), fronds ample probably several feet long
and certainly 2 5 feet broad (in the fertile frond) firm-niem-
branaceous dark-brown when dry bipinnate ; sterile froi\ds,
primary pinnae articulated upon the rachis 8-10 inches long
pinnated to the very apex, pinntc petiolate and articulated on
their rachis nearly uniform f of an inch long obliquely ovate
obtuse, the superior base produced truncated and strongly
auricled sharply serrated, inferior base excised ; fertile fronds
much narrower, the pinnules small petioled articulated 2—4
lines long linear auricled at the superior base and sometimes
at the inferior also the under side soriferous. — Polybotrya,
J. Sm. in Hook. Bot. .Town. iii. p. 401 {name only). Fee,
Acrost. p. 74. /. 37 {excellent).

Hab. Leyte, Philippine Islands, Cuming, n. 296. — An extremely well marked
species, only found, we believe, by Mr. Cuming.

107. A. (Polybotrya) Wilkesianumy Hook. ; caudex long
scandent angular and almost winged as thick as a swan's
quill several twining round each other radicant almost quite

248 ACROSTICHUM.

destitute of scales except on the nascent fronds which ex-
hibit an appearance of scurfy scales, stipites articulated upon
the caudex a span to a foot and more long stramineous and
as well as the rachis terete glalirousand glossy ; s^m/> fronds
firm-membranaceous darkish-green H-2 feet and more long
oblong-ovate bipinnate, primary pinnee articulated rather
remote 4-6-8 inches long pinnated at the apex, pinnules
numerous but rather distant articulated |-1 inch long scarcely
petioled ovate and acute or acuminated or lanceolate, su-
perior base often truncated a little produced but not auri-
cled, inferior base more or less excised coarsely but sharply
serrated, the rachises with a narrow green wing on each
side (on one of my specimens the upper portion of the
frond is simply pinnated for the length of 8 or more inches,
the pinnffl, 11 in number, are rather petiolate of a firm texture
3 inches long by f of an inch wide oblongo-lanceolate acumi-
nate cuneate at the base strongly costate, costa testaceous),
veins copious close-placed forked, terminal pinna equal in
size to the rest ; fet't He frond similar to the sterile but the pin-
nules all contracted narrow-linear soriferous on the under
side.— Polybotrya, Brack. Fil U. S. Expl. Exp. p. 80. t. 10
{excellent). P. articulata, J. Sm. in Seem. Fl. Vit. n. 713.

Hah. Society Islands, Bidwill, Brackenridge. Fiji Islands, Seemann, n. 713
(the leaves more lanceolate, more obtusely serrated, only found sterile). New
Caledonia, Vieillard (but Mettenius unites it with A. articulata). — This is a very
interesting plant and very distinct, but unquestionably allied to P. articulata, J.
Sm. The two kinds of primary pinnje, the one simple the other wholly pinnated,
on the same frond, render it doubtful which should be considered the normal state
of the plant ; in the former case (simple pinna;), we have a perfect Lomariopsis
of Fee. Something of the kind takes place in L. ludens (of which sterile
plants only are known), but th.ere there are two kinds of sterile fronds from the
same caudex; and, again, in the L. variabilis of Fee is an abnormal state with
the lower portions of the fronds pinnated below, the rest of the frond simple ;
or we have an Egenholfia of Schott (§ of Polybotrya, Fee), but wanting the re-
markable spiculas in the sinuses of the lobes or serratures. Such anomalies should
make us cautious in forming genera on feeble grounds.

108. A. (Polybotrya) apiifolium, Hook. ; caudex subtube-
riform rooting below ; sterile fronds, stipites tufted 2-4
inches long and as Avell as the rachises ferrugineo-tomentose
mixed with a few small subulate blackish scales, fronds mem-
branaceous 4-5 inches long with a fevv soft subulate hairs on
the surface and the margin subtriangular ovate bipinnate be-
Iow,towards the apex pinnato-pinnatifid,pinnatifid at the apex,
ultimate pinnules or segments \ an inch long obovate obtuse
decurrent at the "coarselv dentato-serrate or entire marain :

ACROSTICIIUM, § STENOCHL.KXA. 249

fertile fronds, stipites fi-8 incbCvS long slender subulato-
squaniose towards the base, fronds 2-4 inches long tripinnate
ovate, pinnules or segments much contracted linear, ultimate
ones sliort nodulose sessile remote, sori copious near the
margin appearing to be universal on both sides. — Folybo-
trya, /. S)n. in Hook. J own. Bot. iii. p. 401 [name only).
Kze. in Schk. Fil. Suppl. p. 142. t. 62. Fee, AcrosL p. 72.

Ilal). Luzon, Cinning, n. 2G, Thos. Lobh. — An elegant small species having a
caiidex representing a small rouiulisli rhizome, and fronds with the general aspect
of an Anemia, rather than of a Polybotrya.

109. A. (Polybotrya?) nanum, Hook.; "small glabrous,
fronds cajspitose ; sterile ones pinnatifidly lobate subdentate,
terminal lol)e large, stipes short, costa narrowly channelled
beneath ; fertile ones pinnated, pinnae few, lateral ones ovate,
terminal one linear, root fibrous, fibres very long." — Polybo-
trya, Fee, Acrost. p. 75. t. 38. y. 1.

Hab. "New Zealand, //?z/7e/."— Fee's figure represents a small New Zealand
Fern only 1 inch long (stipes included), which calls to mind an unusually small
and starved specimen of Lomaria nigra (vol. iii. p. 35, of this work, and Hook. Ic.
PI. t. 960). Indeed, I feel confident that this view is correct, and that no form
of Puhjbotrya has been found in New Zealand.

§ 4. STiixocHL.ENA. — Fronds ample, dimorphous, pinnate or bipinnate. Veins
free, extending to, and united with, the tliickened margin. — Gen. Stenochlscna,
J. Sm. Lomariobotrys, Fe'e. {A mere subsection, if that, of Lomariopsis.)

110. A. (Stenochliena) scandens, J. Sm. ; caudex very long
scandent thicker than a swan's quill furrowed scaleless but
rooting with short tufted radiating fibres from the angles,
stipites 4-5 inches long stout, fronds distant 1-2-3 feet and
more long ovato-lanceolate firm-coriaceous glossy pinnated ;
sterile pinnte 3-9 inches long 1-H inch broad lanceolate
acuminated rarely subfalcate and obliquely cuncate at the
base petioled, the petiole articulated upon the rachis, the
margin thickened entire or more frequently spinuloso-serrate,
veins very close elevated extending to and united with the
thickened margin ; fertile fronds 6 inches sometimes 1 foot
long 1^-2 lines wide petioled linear acuminate; sometimes
the lower half of the frond is sterile and the upper half fer-
tile.— Stenochlaena scandens, J. Sm. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv.
p. 149. Jlook. Gen. Fil. t. 105. B. Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 77-
Moore. Onoclea, Siv. Syn. Fil. pp. 112 and 309. Lomaria,
JfUld. Sp. ri. p. 293. L. limonifolia, Wall. Cat. n. 30.
Stenochl. Blumeana, Pr. Epim. Bot. p. 163. S. fraxinifolia,

VOL. v, 2 K

250 ACROSTICHUM, § STENOCHL^NA.

Pr. Epim. Bot. p. 164. Filix fronde pinnata, etc., Limi.
Zeyl. 71. 425. Burm. Zeyh p. 100. t. 46. Rumph. Amh. vi.
p. ^\. t. 31. — Abnormal forms : Scolopendrium D'Urvillei,
Bory, in Duperrey, Voy. Corj. Bot. p. 273. /. 37- /• 1 {very
bad). Kze. in Schk. FU. Snppl. p. 9. t. 5. Davallia achilleei-
folia, TValL Cat. n. 248. Hook. Sp. FU. l p. 195. t. 56. D.

Hab. East India, Java, Ceylon, Malabar, Cochin, Madras Peninsula, Bengal.
Assam, Sikkim, Silhet, Chittagong, Parish, n. 146, Griffith, Hooker fil. and
Thomson, Singapore, Wallich, Schomburgk, Sir W. Norris. China, Beechey.
Siam, Schomburgk. Luzon, Cmning, n. 133, 229, and Isle of Negros, n. 347. Fiji
Islands, Brackenridge, Seemann. — This fine Acrostichum is liable to produce the
same peculiar abnormal forms described under A. sorbifolium, thus showing a
strong generic identity.

111. A. (Stenochleena) Meyerianum, Hook.; caudex very
long stout partiall)^ and imperfectly scaly scandent rooting
parasitically on trees, stipites distant a foot or more long
stout firm and glossy, fronds dimorphous large 2-3 feet long ;
5/e/v7e ones pinnated firm pergamentaceous (rather than co-
riaceous) glossy, pinnee from a span to a foot and more long
%-\\ inch wide oblong-lanceolate often very finely acu-
minate obliquely cuneate at the base, base of the petiole
confluent (not articulated) bearing a gland, the margin
thickened spinuloso-serrate, veins very close compound ex-
tending to and uniting with the thickened margin ; fertile
fronds ample bipimiate with a gland at the axil of the pri-
mary pinnae, pinnules very numerous 2-3 inches long nar-
row-linear sessile or nearly so entirely soriferous beneath ex-
cept at the narrow but scarcely involucriform margin. — Hook.
Gard. Ferns, t. 16. Stenochlsena, iV. Epim. Bot. Lomaria,
Kze. Lomariobotrys, Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 45. Lomaria se-
cunda, IFall. Cat. n. 34. L. longifolia. Wall. Cat. n. 61.
L. tenuifolia, " Desv.^* and Boj. Hort. Maurit. p. 407, and L.
grandis?, p. 407.

Hab. South Africa, Natal, Drege, Guienzius. Mauritius, Wallich. East coast
of tropical Africa, Bojer. Madagascar, Metier. Isle of Nissobe, Boivin. — Well
distinguished by its ample blpinnate fertile fronds, with most copious pendent
pinnules.

112. A. (Stenochleena) laurifolium, Hook.; caudex?, stipes?,
fronds firm thin-coriaceous subnitent 1 ^-2 feet and probably
more long pinnate ; sterile pinnse approximate subpetiolate
not jointed on the rachis and not glandular on the petiole
6-8 inches long H-l| inch wide oblong acuminate trun-
cated and broad at the base or very obtusely and obliquely

ACROSTICHUM, § EORXOLFIA. 251

cuneate thickened at the margin and there serrato-spines-
cent, the spinules appressed, veins prominent compact ex-
tending to the thickened margin ; fertile pinnfe numerous
but more apart 10-12 inches long j-^ an inch wide broad-
linear acuminate — StenochljEna, Pr. Ephn. Bot. p. 164. S.
scandens, /3, J. Sni. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ui. p. 401.

Hah. Luzon, Cuming, n. 226. Solomon's Group, Pacific Islands, Milne, n.
r)18. — I cannot but agree with Presl in considering this a species quite distinct
from Steiiochl. scandens, to which Smith refers it ; for besides the broader pinnae,
especially of the fertile fronds, the short petioles are confluent with the rachis,
there is no trace of an articulation there, and no trace of glands.

§ 5. Egenolfia. — Fronds dimorphous, pinnated, PinncB articulated on the
rachis. Veins free, bi-trifurcate, tiie superior veinlet terminating in a seta in
thesintis of the teeth or lobes of the margin. — Gen. Egenolfia, Schott.

113. A. (Egenolfia) a/;j»enc?ic7^/a^«m, Willd. ; caudex creep-
ing, stipites 4-6 inches to a foot long in the fertile frond,
more or less scaly as is the rachis ; sterile fronds subcoriaceo-
membranaceous a span to li foot long oblong acuminate
pinnate, pinnae 1-2^ inches long 4-6 lines wide ol)long ob-
tuse crenato- or lobato-pinnatifid truncato-auriculate at the
base above, rachis winged, veins fascicled 2—3 times forked,
superior veinlet terminating in a marginal seta between the
lobes or crenatures ; fertile frond more or less contracted,
})inn£e much smaller 4 lines to 1^ inch long oblong very
o1)tuse cordate at the base, rarely subauriculute, entire orsub-
lobato-pinnatifid, or very slender and moniliformly pinnate.
— jrUld. Sp. PI. v. ;;. 114. Hook. Exot. FL ii. t. 108. Gym-
nogramme, Klfs. Acrost. Hamiltonianum, Wall. Cat. n. 29.
Egenolfia, Schott. Gen. Fil. cum Ic. Polyl)otrya marginata,
Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 18. t. 3. P. intermedia, /. Sia. in Hook. Journ.
Bot. iii. p. 401. Fee, Acrost. p. 76. t. 40. /. 1 [tjotiug ste-
rile pinna scarcely crenate, setce very prominent). Acrost.,
Bory, in Belany. Voy. Bot. p. 23. t. 3. A. viviparum, JJ'all.
Cat. n. 28 (variat piiniis fertiUbus omnibus vel quibusdam
tantum moniliformil)us. Wall.). Hook. Exot. Fil. t. 10/
[fertile pinna moniliform). Polybotrya noditlora, Bory, in
Belann. Voy. Bot. p. 17- Fee, Acrost. p. 77- /• 38. /. 2. P.
rhizopliylla, Pr. Acrost. setosum, Wall. Cat. n. 30. Polyb.
serrulata, /. Sm. in Hook. .Journ. Bot. iii. p. 401 ? (Luzon,
Cuming, n. 269, of which I ajipear to have no specimen).
P. neglecta, Fee, Acrost. p. 76. t. 39. f. 2 (« common form of
P. appendiculata, and mued loith P. serrulata, /. Sni.). La-
caussadea montana, appendiculata, and rhizophylla, Gaudick,

252 ACROSTICHUM, § RHI PIDOPTE RIS.

Vo7/. de la Bonite, Bot. t. 118, 119, and 110 {no descr.). —Yar.
costulata ; larger, sterile pinnre deeply pinnatifid ^-| of the
way to the rachis, costulate with simple patent veins some-
times bipinnate at the base.

Hah. Continental India, in the hilly countries almost universal : Bengal, Ma-
dras, Peninsula of India, Himalaya, etc. Moulmeine, Parish, n. 69 (fertile pinnas
entire and moniliform mixed, and with sterile pinnse entire and lobato-pinnatifid).
Ceylon, Gardner. Malay Peninsula and Islands. — Var. costulata. Khasya,
Griffith. Hooker fit. and Thomson {sterile fronds G inches long and 1^ inch
hroMly fertile fronds entire or lobed and moniliform). Moulmeine, Parish, n. 60
(one specimen 2 feet long; the lowest pair of pinnae 7 inches long, half-deltoid,
bipinnate at the base ; pinnules l-g-Si inches long, deeply pinnatifid like the
primary pinna; ; fertile pinna; also with the lower pair in like manner pinnated
as in the sterile fronds). — I feel confident, from an examination of almost innu-
merable specimens from all parts of India, that the eight species included in M.
Fee's section Eyenolfia of Polybotrija are mere forms of one and the same.
A still more remarkable form than any of those, I have added to the number as
var. costulata; especially that state, found by Mr. Parish, distinguished not only
by the deeply pinnatifid pinnse, but l)y the lowest pair, both in the sterile and
fertile fronds, being again pinnate.^ The Khasya specimens, however, exhibit quite
intermediate forms.

§ 6. Rhipidopteris. — Fronds small, singularly dimorphous, suhflalellately lobed
or deeplit dichotomous with narrow segments ; less deeply divided in the fertile
ones. Veitis for costce) free, flabellately or radiately divided. — Gen. Rhipido-
pteris, Schott. Peltapteris, Link.

114. A. (Rhidopteris) peUatum, Sw. ; caudex very long-
creeping slender scaly, stipites 1-2 rarely 3 inches long pa-
leaceous; sterile fronds l-li inch long flabelliform repeatedly
dichotomously divided, the segments erecto-patent narrow-
linear ^ of a line wide evidently costate, bifid or entire at the
always obtuse apex ; fertile fronds abovtt 4 lines long sub-
peltate orbicular-reniform often emarginate or bilobed, the
whole under side soriferous except the subpellucid crenated
margin.— >Sii;. ^ijn. Fil. p. 11. Schk. Fit. t. 12. Willd. Sp.
PL V. p. 110. Rhipidopteris, Fee, Gen. Fil. Acrost. p. 78
{excl. the syn. of Acrost. foeniculaceum, Hook, and Grev.).
Peltapteris, Link. Olfersia, Pr. Osmunda, Sw. Prodr.
Plum. Fil. t. 50. /. A.

Hab. Tropical South America, abundant, and West Indian Islands, Mexico,
Columbia, Guiana, Brazil, Peru, and Ecuador. — A beautiful and most easily re-
cognized species. Some of the fertile fronds have the sori very much confined
to the veins.

115. A. (Rhipidopteris) flabelkttum, H. B. K. ; caudex
long-creeping filiform sparsely paleaceous, stipites 1-3 inches
long scarcely scaly; sterile fronds h an inch long cuneate

ACROSTICIIUM, § RIIIPIDOl'TERIS. 25.3

and undivided or flabellate or reniform rarely bipartite
or tripartite with the segments cuneate bi-trifid, the upper
margin dentato-crenate, veins dichotomous ; fertile fronds
small rarely more than 3 lines long orbicular or subreniform
rarely obscurely 3-loljed, the whole under side soriferous ex-
cept the narrow waved thin subdiaphanous margin. — Hunih.
and Bonpl. Nov. Gen. Am. \. p. 27- t. GG2. WiUd. Sp. PL v.
p. 110. Hook. Ic. PL t. 96. Rhipidopteris, Fee, Acrost. p.
78. R. sphoenophylla, Fee, Acrost. p. 7^. Acrostichum,
Kze. Analect. Pterid. p. 11. t. "J. A. flabellatum, /3, sphoe-
nophyllum, Kze. in Linncea, ix. p. 32. Acrostichum tripar-
titum. Hook, and Grev. Ic. FiL /. 118 {F fear only a more
deeply divided form of fertile fronds of this species) . Rhipi-
dopteris, Fee, Acrost. p. 79.

Ilab. Tropical South America, but never, as far as I know, extending to the
West Indian Islands. Peru, Pappig, Matheivs,n. 1801, Spruce, n. 4635. Ecua-
(\or, Jameson, n. 1719 (and the form tripartita), n. 5227 {" fades PeperomieB
cujiisdam "). New Granada, Morit:, n. 313, Purdie, Fendler, n. 263.— Mr.
Spruce likens this pretty Fern to some Peperomia. In a dried state in the her-
barium the first sight reminds one of some Marsilea. The sterile fronds are
variable, and of the tripartite form there is a disposition in the lobes to be-
come dichotomous.

116. A. (Rhipidopteris) fomiculaceum, Hook.; caudex
long-creeping filiform paleaceous, stipites slender paleaceous
H-3 inches long; sterile fronds 1 inch long broad flabelli-
form in circumscription copiously and repeatedly divaricato-
dichotomous, segments very numerous linear-setaceous
scarcely thicker than a line drawn with a pen, ultimate seg-
ments always dichotomous and the apices always acute ecos-
tate or in other words reduced to the costa ; fertile fronds from
^-^ an inch long reniform bilobed, under side all soriferous
except the rather broad irregularly but sharply toothed dia-
phanous margin. — Hook, and Grev. Ic. FiL t. 119.

Ilab. Ecuador : forest of Esmeraldas, alt. 2500 feet, on trunks of trees, Jame-
son : fool of Cliimborazo, alt. 3000 feet, on stones. Spruce, n. 5226. — M. Fee
considers this identical with A. pelf a/urn ; but no one who has seen the plant or
Dr. Greville's excellent figure in the ' Icones Filicum' is likely to do so. The
ramification of the most finely cut frond is quite different, divaricately dicho-
tomous, and tne segments as slender as the finest thread, exhibiting no trace
of costa, which is so conspicuous in the preceding species; or in other words,
the segments are reduced to costas. It is, I believe, very rare, only as yet found
in Ecuador and in the vicinity of Cliimborazo; firstly, more than thirty years
ago, by Professor Jameson, and recently, viz. in 1800, by Mr. Spruce. The sterile
fronds resemble some dicliotomous capillaceous seaweed.

254 ACROSTICEIUM, § OLFERSIA.

§ 7. Olfersia. — Fronds dimorphous, simple or pinnate. Veins simple or
forked, connivent within the margin, so as to form there a longitudinal, straight,
or zigzag veiii, sometimes producing short exeurrent veinlets. — Gen. Olfersia,
Raddi. Aconiopteris, Pr. — (Not a very natural group, but easily recognized
by the venation.)

* Fronds ample, jjitinate or bipinnate. — Euolfersia.

117- A. (Olfersia) cei'vinum, Sw. ; caudex short thick
creeping densely clothed with long narrow brown subulate
membranaceous scales, stipites approximate a span or more
long stout scaly at the base, fronds coriaceo-membranaceous
3-5 feet long ; sterile ones pinnated (when young quite sim-
ple) on long slender stipites, pinnae numerous 4-5-9-10
inches long 1-2 inches and more wide ovate or lanceolate
acuminate, the lateral ones very unequal-sided at the base,
the inferior base excised, the margin entire or a little serrated
at the apex, veins numerous compact prominent usually
forked or fascicled extending to and uniting with an intra-
marginal vein ; fertile fronds often equal in length to the
sterile ones simple and linear or bipinnatifid or bipinnate,
primary pinucfi as long as the sterile ones linear-lanceolate
acuminate, pinnules i-| of an inch long obtuse terete or
slightly compressed covered (apparently) all over to the very
apex with capsules. — Siv. Sijn. Fil.jyp. 14 and 200. Willd. Sp.
PL V. p. 120. Olfersia, Kze. Bot. Zeit. 1842. \.p. 312. Hook,
and Grev. Ic. Fil. /. 81 . Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 43. Polybotrya,
Klfs. Osmunda, Lhm. Sp. PL p. 1521. Dorcapteris, Pr. —
Var. /S ; fertile fronds pinnate. Olfersia Corcovadensis,
Raddi, Fil. Bras. p. 7- t. 14. Pr. Polybotrya, Spreng. P.
Raddiana, A'^//^. Acrostichum linearifolium, Pr. — Plum. FiL
t. 154.

Hab. Tropical America, frequent.— Some of C. Wright's specimens from Cuba
present a remarkable form with sterile pinns deeply pectinato-pinnatifid, some
of the segments having sori at their apices. Another plant from New Granada
has the upper half of the sterile pinnae suddenly contracted and caudate, and
partially soriferous.

** Fronds simple. — Aconiopteris.

118. A. (Olfersia) yorgoneum, Klfs.; caudex a thick woody
knotted subdecumbent rhizome paleaceous at the summit,
stipites aggregated from the apex of the rootstock 3-5 inches
long twice as long of the fertile fronds, a little paleaceous at
the base, fronds coriaceous or subcoriaceous, sterile 6-12-14
inches long 2^-3 inches wide above the middle obovato-
spathulate rather suddenly acuminated long attenuated at

ACROSTICHr.M, § OLFERSIA. 255

the base and (lecurreiit entire at the margin, veins subhori-
zontal slender evident on the under side, simple or forked
rarely here and there anastomosing all of them connivent
at the extremity and there forming an intramarginal vein ;
fertile fronds much narrower 1-li foot long 1-H inch wide
near the middle, lanceolate very nmch attenuated at the base
and long decurrent soriferous except at the edge beyond the
intramarginal vein. — Klfs. En. Fit. p. 63 {not BL). Brack.
Fil. U. S. Expl. Exp. p. 74. Olfersia, Pr. Aconiopteris
obtusa, Fee, Acrost. p. HO. t. 40. /. 2 {small specimens) .

Ilab. Sandwich Islands, Chamisso, Douglas, n. 43, Brackcnridyp, Ilillebrand,
n. 54. Society Islands, Bidwill (fertile only, 2 inches broad, more ineuihraua-
ceous, and less decurrent at the base).

What is the A. Vieillardii, Metten. Fil. Nov. Caled. p. 1, of which he says,
" Interspecies, nervisarcu intramarginali praeditis, generi Aconlopteridi, I'r. (Fee),
adscriptas, cuiu nulla nisi Acoriiopt. ohtusa, Fee, Acrost. p. 80. t. 40. f. 2, com-
paranduni ; in hac auteni arcus nervorum manifestus et margini approxiraatus,
non inimersus et reniotus a niargine attenuato" ?

119. A. (Olfersia) longifoliuni, Jacq. ? ; caudex elongated
thick as a man's thumb apparently attached to the trunks of
trees rough below with the persistent bases of old stipites
paleaceous upwards and bearing the new stipites which are
4-5 inches long stramineous (as well as the costa) twice as
long as the fertile fronds, fronds thin membranaceous;
sterile ones 2-2-2 f^et long 2h inches broad near the middle,
lanceolate sharj)ly acuminate long and gradually decurrenti-
attenuate at the base, veins nearly horizontal slender simple
or forked all connected at the extremity with a nearly straight
marginal vein ; fertile fronds smaller and nmch narrower so-
riferous (except on the costa) to the very margin. — A. longi-
ioYwxin, Jacq. Cull. ii. p. 105? Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 9? ll'illd.
Sp. PL V. p. 105? Eat. in Fit. Wright, et Fendl. p. 195.
Aconiopteris, Fee. Acrost. p. 80. ^.41. Olfersia, Pr. Moore.

Ilab. \Vest India Islands. Venezuela, Fendlcr, n. 283, 284. Merida, Morilz,
n. 324, inpart.— M. lee lias shown how impossible it is clearly to ascertain what
is the true Acrost. lonyifuUum, Jacq., and consequently of Swartz and Willdenow.
The present species is well detined by the evident marginal vein, to which the
transverse veins are united by their apices, hence an Aconiopteris of Presl.

120. A. (Olfersia) subdiaplianum, Ilook. and Grev. ; caudex
thick ascending or sidjercct and very paleaceous as well as
the stipites and back of the costa with ferruginous squar-
rose ovato-lanccolate scales, stij)ites terminal tufted 2-6
inches long, those of the fertile fronds twice as long flexuose.

256 ACROSTICHUM, § SOROMANES.

fronds firm carnoso-coriaceous subdiaphanous ; fertile ones
3-6-8 inches long f-2 inches wide oblongo-lanceolate ob-
tuse moderately attenuated at the base above partially squa-
niulose minutely punctulato-glandulose beneath, veins sub-
horizontal singularly prominent beneath, conniventat a sharp
angle a little within the margin so as to form a zigzag sub-
marginal vein often prolonged by a single veinlet from their
union to the very margin ; fertile fronds smaller and nar-
rower.— Hooli. and Grev. Ic. Fit. t. 105. Aconiopteris, Pr.
Tent. Pterid. p. 236. t. 10. /. 17- Fee, Acrost. p. 79. 01-
fersia, Moore.

Hah. St. Helena, on trunks of trees, summit of Diana's Peak, Walker, Dallas,
J. D. Hooker, Nuttall, etc. — This very distinct species of Acrostichum was sup-
posed to have been detected in tlie Madras Peninsula, but it is now ascertained
that specimens received from that country were gathered at St. Helena.

121. A. (Olfersia) Richardi, Bory ; "sterile fronds linear
acute at each extremity sometimes rather obtuse coriaceous
beneath clothed with small caducous scales ; fertile fronds
linear very narrow stipitate longer and scaly in both canali-
culate, caudex creeping as thick as a goose-quill." — Aconio-
pteris, Fee, Acrost. p. 80.

Hab. Bourbon, Bori/. — " Cet*^^e espcce manque des caracteres tranches, mais la
soudure des nervilles pres de la marge la faisant entrer dans le sous-genre Aconio'
pteris, il sera facile de la reconnaitre." Fee.

§ 8. SoROMANES. — Fronds ample, dimorphous, pinnated, pinnatifid at the apex ;
feriile ones more compound. Veins slender, forked, and connivent at an acute
angle, so as to form oblique, elongated areoles, destitute of free veinlets. — Gen.
Soromanes, Fee. {Venation of Cyclodium among Aspidiea;, and, like that, not
unfrequenily free.)

122. A. (Soromanes) Ccenopteris, Kze. Herb. ; caudex long
stout partially densely radicant with coarse wiry fibres very
paleaceous with large subulate soft ferruginous denticulated
scales, stipites 1-1 -i foot long paleaceous below, fronds di-
morphous subcoriaceous ; sterile owq^ I2-2 feet and more
long ovato-lanceolate pinnate pinnatifid at the apex 5-7
inches long ovato-lanceolate or lanceolate acuminate obtusely
and obliquely subcuneate at the base, lower ones subpetiolate
often serrated towards the apex ; fertile fronds narrovv-er bi-
rarely tripinnate, pinnules h an inch long oblong sessile very
obtuse, rachises winged. — Polybotrya serrata, Borij, in Herb.
Galeotti {Fee). Soromanes serratifolium, Fee, Acrost. p. 82,
i-'cry good (S. dentatum on the plate, not Acrost. serratifol.,
Mert. in Klfs. En.). S. integrifolium. Fee, I. c. t. 42, fertile

ACROSTICIIUM, § STENOSEMIA. 257

frond only, the sterile one is that of Aspidium (Cyclodium) me-
niscioides, Ji'iUd.). Polybotrya serratifolia, Kl. Eat. in Fit.
Wright, et Fend/. — Var. salicifolium ; leaves narrow-lanceo-
late suljentire, veins nearly all free.

Ilab. Mexico, Galeotti, in Herb. (Fee; not elsewhere recorded, that I know
of, as a native of that country). Venezuela, Funck, n. 186, Fendler, n. 261 (ac-
comj)anied by a sterile specimen with deeply pinnatifid pinn.'e ; below, the fronds
are almost bipinnate, passiTig, as it were, into a fertile frond), Moritz, n. 277
(" Pohjbot. Canopteris, Kze. ;" pinnae coarsely serrato-dentate, ultimate veiiilets
oftfMi connivent at their apices, so as to form an intraniarjjinal vein, as in Olfer-
s/a).— Var. /3. Serra de Araripe, Brazil, Gardner. — M. Fee has been singularly
unfortunate in the names he applied to this solitary species of his genus Soro-
manes, and in the fact, which he candidly acknowledges, of the sterile frond
(Acrost. t. 42) being taken from a specimen of quite another Fern, but having
similar venation.

§ 9. Stenosemia. — Fronds triangular, dimorphous, ternate or ternato-pinnate.
Veins anastomosing so as to form large costal and eostular areoles without free
veinlets, the rest of the veins mostly free. The fertile fronds very much
contracted, 3-pinnate ; the segments linear. — Gen. Stenosemia, /. Sm.

12.3. A. (Stenosemia) anritum, Sw. ; caudex short stout
woody erect at the summit paleaceous with dark-bro\vn ra-
ther rigid linear subulate scales which are continued some
way up the stipes, stipites tufted 5-12 inches long nearly
twice as long of the fertile frond; sterile fronds firm-nieui-
branaceous 9-12 inches long nearly as much wide deltoid
ternate often bulbiferous in the axils, terminal primary di-
visions broad-ovato-deltoid acuminate pinnatifid cuneate
at the base or the lower half pinnate with the pinnae pinna-
tifid, lowest or lateral primary divisions half-ovate long acu-
minate pinnatifid, lowest inferior segments much the longest
and lobato-pinnatifid, veins anastomosing into large costal
and eostular areoles, the rest mostly free; fertile fronds
of the same form (deltoid) very much contracted bi-tripin-
natifid, the segments all linear. — ^iv. Si/n. Fil. pp. 1.3 and 198.
JVilld. Sp. PL V. p. 112. IJook. Gard. Ferns, t. 81. Steno-
semia aurita, Pr. Tent. Pterid. p. 237. t. 10. /. 24 {not J.
Sni.,or only in part). Fee, Acrost. p. 82. Polybotrya, Bl.
Fit. Jav. p. 15. t. 1. Rumph. Aoiboyn. vi. p. 78. /. 35./. 1.

Ilab. Java, Blume, Thos. Lohb, Zollinger, n. 427. Isle of Samar, Cuming, n.
341 (a more compound form), — Well figured by Blume and in Hook. Exol.
Ferns.

124. A. (Stenosemia) cicutaria, Hook.; "fronds long sti-
pitate ternate fulvo-villous on the veins beneath, segments
linear acuminate entire, superior ones obtuse, lateral inferior

VOL. V. 2 L

258 ACROSTICHUM, § IIETERONEURON.

ones elongato-lanceolate pinnatifid, stipes paleaceous." Fee.
— Steiiosemia, Pr. Tent. Pterid. p. 237. Fee, Acrost. p. 83.
Polybotrya, Bl. Fil. Jav.p. 17- t. 11.

Hub. Java, Blunie. — Tliis is only known in a sterile state, but the general habit
has considerable resemblance to that of St. aurita. The segments are much nar-
rower and the costse are more conspicuous.

§ 10. Heteroneuron. — Fronds generally ample, dimorphous, pinnate, oftenvivi-
parous. ^^ Veins pinnate, from a central costa arcuately, angidarly, or irre-
gularly anastomosing, areoles sometimes producing exterior free or irregularly
anastomosing veinlets." — Gen. Heteroneuron, Fe'e. Campium and Pcecilopteris,
Eschw. and Pr., in part. Pcecilopteris, Moore. Cyrtogonium, J. Sm. Bol-
bitis, Schott. Jenkinsia, Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXXV. B {sori abnormal).

For this section I prefer Fee's name of Heteroneuron as indicative of the
varied nature of the veining, and as sufficiently shown in the only two kinds
represented by Moore (Ind. Fil. pi. 7) under Pcecilopteris. The species he in-
cludes best correspond with my views of the group, but the characters are most
unsatisfactory.

125. A. (Heteroneuron) punchdatum, hinn. ; caudex less
thick than a goose-quill creeping, stipites a span to a foot
long 1| of the fertile frond, fronds membranaceous pinnated,
piimse 3-11-12, 2-3 of the uppermost ones coadunate at the
base; sterile pinnae 4-9 inches long 1-1| inch wide ovate
or oblong acuminate often broader upwards more or less at-
tenuate and subpetiolate at the base entire at the margin or
serrate only at the apex, superior ones decurrent at the base,
lowest ones sometimes unequally bipartite, venation mani-
fest, costules present but obscure, veins subequally anasto-
mosing and forming angled areoles of which the largest and
most oblong are next the costa and costules, rarely including
a short solitary free veinlet ; fertile pinnae much smaller and
oblong, superior ones very obtuse. — Linn. Svppl. p. 441.
Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 13. Willd. Sp. PI. v. jo. 118. Pcecilopteris,
Pr. Cyrtogonium, J. Sm. Heteroneuron, Fee, Acrost. p.
92, t. 54 [very good). Acrost. auriculatum, Lam. A. Finlay-
sonianum, Wall. Cat. n. 2162.

Hab. Bourbon and Mauritius, Commerson and others, Sieber, Syn. Fil. n. 24.
East tropical Africa: Johanna Islands, Dr. Kirk. West tropical Africa: Fer-
nando Po and Prince's Island, Barter, Mann ; and on the mainland south of the
equator, Curror. — Linnseus, and Swartz and Willdenow, following him, describe
the upper surface of the frond as punctated (whence the specific name). Fee
says the fertile fronds alone are ptinctated beneath. I find no punctuations on
my numerous specimens in one or the other case.

126. A. {lleteroneuron) Jlagelliferum,Wa.\\.; caudex creep-
ing paleaceous thick as a goose-quill, stipites a span to a foot
and more long (longer of the fertile frond) scaly at the base,

i

ACROSTICIIUM, § HETERONEURON. 259

fronds firm-membranaceous a span to 1-2 feet long pinnate,
pinnie coninionly 3-5 rarely more ; sterile pinnee 3-5 inches
long H-2 inches wide subelliptical or oblongo-lanceolate,
lateral ones rather suddenly acuminate entire or sinuato-
crenate subcuneate at the base and petiolate, terminal one
similar to these but larger and more petiolate or more gene-
rally very much elongate and caudate a foot or 1^-2 feet
long ! rooting and proliferous at the apex, venation manifest,
costules rather wide apart, veins anastomosing always form-
ing a series of oblong large areoles close to the costa and
costules, nearly uniform in size and shape, the rest of the
areoles very irregular and with or without free included simple
veinlets ; fertile pinnae much smaller 2-3 inches long oljlong
obtuse ; occasionally the cauda of the terminal sterile pinnae
becomes fertile and the lateral sterile pinnae ])artially sorife-
rous, the capsules in that case chiefly confined to the costules
and near to the margin. — IVnll. Cat. w. 25. Huok.and Grev.
Ic. Fil. t. 23. Bl. Fil. Jav. p. 104. t. 13. Cyrtogonium, /. Sin.
A. heteroclitum, P/\ Poecilopteris, Pr. Heteroneuron, Fee,
Acrost. p. 92. Acrostichum diversifolium, Bl. Fil. Jav. p.
36. /. 12? [sterile frond simple!). Cyrtogonium, /. Sni.
Heteroneuron, Fee, Acrost. p. 91 [excl. syn. Gymnopteris
trilobata, /. Sni.). Poecilopteris, Pr. Rkeede, Hort. Malab.
xii. ^.11.

Ilab. East Indies : Malabar, TZAeerfe; Nepal and thence through the eastern
provinces generally, IValUch, Griffith ; Chittagong, etc., Hooker fil. and Thomson ;
Mouhneine, Parish, n. 20. Java, Blume, in Herb, nosfr., Zollinger, n. 884.
Luzon, Cuming, n. 5 and 32. — A very polymorphous species, it must be confessed,
well represented by Blume and in the Ic. Fil. by Dr. Greville; but it is to be
regretted that neither represents the peculiarity of the venation. The species-
is remarkable for the generally small number and large size of the pinnic.

127. A. (Heteroneuron) Quoyamim, Gaud.; caudex (creep-
ing?), stipites about a sjjan long, more of the sterile frond,
pubescent and as well as the rachis partially sul)ulato-squa-
mose ; sterile fronds 8-10 inches long firm-membranaceous
pinnate, pinnae petiolate 3-4 inches long 1-H inch wide
pubescenti-hirsute on the costae and costules beneatii, from a
truncated base broad-lanceolate deeply beyond the middle
pinnatifid, lowest pair dilated at the inferior margin (semi-
ovate and more deeply pinnatifid), the a])ex of the frond on
the ultimate ])inna also deei)ly pinnatifid at the base, seg-
ments oblong-ovate subfulcate entire or sinuato-dcntate rarely
(the longest of them) subpinnatifid, and the sinuses and

260 ACROSTICHUM, § HETERONEURON.

margin more or less spinuloso-setiferous, venation manifest,
costules remote, veins anastomosing and forming two series
of costal areoles and one rarely two series of costular ones,
no included free veinlets, veinlets next the margin free ;
fertile fronds oblong, pinnae very much contracted oblongo-
lanceolate pinnatifid. — Gaud. Voy. de VUranie, p. 307- t. 3.
Heteroneuron, Fee, Acrost. p. 96. Poecilopteris, Moore.
Pr. Cyrtogonium laciniatum, /. Sm. [name only). Hetero-
neuron argutum, Fee, Acrost. p. 96. t. 2b. f. 2 [apparently a
young and vei^y imperfect state of this species) .

Hab. Moluccas, Gaudichaud. Island of Leyte, Cuming, n. 294, 237, and 2G1
(very young and imperfect).— Allied to A. repandum, Bl., but, I think, very dis-
tinct. Heteron. arguium of Fee, if not a very young state of this plant, is too
imperfectly known to justify its being made a species.

128. A. (Heteroneuron) repandum, Bl. ; caudex creeping,
stipites a span to a foot and more long generally longer of
the sterile fronds, fronds 1-2 feet long ; sterile ones firm-
membranaceous ovato-oblong acuminate pinnate, pinnse 4-6
inches long \-\ inch broad more or less petiolate lanceolate
or oblongo-lanceolate pinnatifid generally halfway down to
the costa with ovato-rotundate sub falcate lobes having rather
broad sinuses serrated at the margin and generallj' bearing
one or more rarely two spinulose subulate setse in the si-
nuses similar to what are seen in those of Egenolfia, terminal
pinna the longest more deeply pinnatifid with longer seg-
ments and often prolonged, caudato-attenuate to the length
of a foot and proliferous towards the apex, venation mani-
fest, costules remote connected near the base by a transverse
arched vein forming a series of elongated costal areoles,
other veins form two or three smaller and more square-
shaped costular areoles, the rest being free, free included
veinlets none ; fertile fronds oblong, the pinnse much smaller
and contracted coarsely crenato-pinnatifid. — Bl. Fil. Jav. p.
39. t. 14 and 15 [and A. proliferum, E71. Fil. Jav. p. 104).
Cyrtogonium, /. Sm. Poecilopteris, Pr. Moore. Hetero-
neuron, Fee, Acrost. p. 96. ^.58 [sterile pinnce scarcely pin-
natifid). Cyrtogonium sinuosum, /. Sm. [name only). He-
teroneuron, Fee, Acrost. p. 95. t. 55. /. 2. Pcecilopteris
sinuosa and cuspidata, Moore. Acrost. loncophorum, Kze. in
Schk.Fil. Suppl. p. 5. t.2 [very good, but venation inaccurate) .
Pleteroneuron, Fee, Acrost. p. 94. Pcecilopteris, Moore.
Cyrtogonium palustre. Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exp. p. 86. t.
12 [very good, particularly the venation).

ACROSTICIIUM, § IIETEROXEUROX. 261

Hah. Java, Blame, in Herb, nostr. Luzon, Cuming, n. 152, 104, and 105.
Isle of Bonin {Imp. Acad. Pterop. n. 54). China: Foochowfoo, Alexander:
lloiigkoiig, Urqultart (pinnsc (inner, more coriaceous, setas of the sinuses deci-
duous). Formosa, Wilford, n. 478 (sterile piiinsc sinuato-lohate, areolcs occa-
sionally including a free veinlet). Society Islands, Cuming, n. 1416. Aneiteum,
Milne. — The pinnatifid sterile pinna; and the presence of soft subulate seta; in
the sinuses of the segments are chiefly the characteristics of this plant, which
ill other respects has great affinity with some of the forms of yl. virens.

129. A. (Heteroneuron) virens, Wall. ; caudex creeping
paleaceous, stipites a foot or more long 1 1 of the fertile
fronds scaly at the i)ase, fronds subcoriaceo-membranaceous
often bright pale-green when dry, pinnated; sterile frond a
span to H foot and more long ovato-oblong, pinnae very va-
riable in size and shape from 3-8-i) inches long oblongo-
lanceolate acuminate lol^ato-pinnatifid or coarsely serrated at
the margin, terminal one not unfrequently prolonged and
caudato-acuminate or sometimes an elongated apex of the
frond has numerous much contracted suborbicular pinnee
coadunate at the very extremity generally jiroliferous and
rooting, venation manifest but very variable, costules nearly
horizontal connected by transverse curved but angled veins
forming one or two large arched areoles from which are
emitted solitary or two to three free veins, or two combine
and form an interior areole with or without a free included
veinlet, towards the margin the veins form a more uniform
reticulation ; fertile fronds with the pinnoe much contracted
very variable in length 2-6 inches long linear or linear-
oblong entire or subsinuato-pinnatifid obtuse. — IVall. Cat. n.
1033. Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 221 {excellent, especially
for what may perhaps be considered the normal and most
compound state of the venation). Campium, Pr. Cyrtogo-
nium, J. Sin. Bolbitis, Schott. Poecilopteris, Moore. He-
teroneuron, Fee. Acrost. subcrenatum {a small state). Hook,
and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 110. A. proliferum {larger and prolife-
rous). Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 6S1 and 6b2. Campium, Pr.
Poecilopteris Hookcriana, Moore. Heteroneuron, Fee, Acrost.
p. 95. t. 55. Polybotrya, Bory, in Belang. Voy. Bot. p. \^.
Hook. 2d Cent, of Ferns, t. 88. A. terminans, IVall. Cat. n.
2168. Bolbitis, Schott. A. contaminans, Wall. Cat. n. 22.
Poeciloj)teris, Moore. — Var. ? crispatulum ; pinnie narrow-
lanceolate especially the fertile ones, sinuate or sublobato-
pirmatitid, veins generally forming only one costal series of
large areoles, the rest free rarely again anastomosing. A.
Ciispatuluni, IFall. Cat. n. 204. Poecilopteris, Moore. Cam-
pium, Pr. Cyrtogonium, /. Sm.

262 ACROSTICHUl

Hab. India, probably throughout the hilly parts: Nilghiri, Bnddome ; Kumaon
to Sikkim and Boutan, Khasya, etc., JVaUich, Griffith, Hooker fil. and Thomson ;
Ceylon, Gardner, n. 1161, Moulmeine, n. 63, 3Jr. 0' Riley {Parish, n. 63, sterile
pinnae 8 inches, fertile 9 inches long, narrow-linear, sinnato-pinnatifid). — The
broad form which I had published as A. prolife7-um has generally the opposite
veins of the costules meeting at an angle or forming two angles, bearing one
or two included free veinlets, and seems to be found in the hotter parts of India :
Ceylon, Gardner, n. 1313 (with sterile pinnse almost coriaceous, 7-8 inches long,
more than 2 inches wide, very opaque ; fertile pinnae also in proportion large and
broad, the united veins forming a very acute angle and bearing a solitary free veinlet
throughout; probably a distinct species) ; Nilghiri, Beddome, n. 9 (fertile pinnae
5-6 inches long, almost filiform) ; Bombay, etc. Tropical Africa : Fernando Po
and Sierra Leone, Barter, Kendall. — I suspect most of the alxive forms must be
considered varieties rather than species, as myself and others had considered them,
for I find all kinds of intermediate states in the shape and size of the pinnules, and
assuredly great diversity in the venation.

130. A. (Heteroneuron) costatum, Wall. ; caudex creeping
subulato-paleaceous, stipites 1-1^ and more feet long striated
and often here and there rusty-furfuraceous, fronds 1-1^ or
more feet long coriaceous or subcoriaceo- membranaceous very
pale-green pinnated, pinnae petiolate, of the sterile frond
7-10 inches long 1-2 inches broad oblong acuminate obtusely
and obliquely cuneate at the base entire sinuato-crenate at
the margin, costules horizontal, and costa prominent beneath,
primary veins arched and forming three or four or more
series (according to the breadth of the pinnae) of very irre-
gular but subtransverse large areoles, within which are lesser
deltoid areoles including two or more clavate free veinlets,
free veinlets also at the margin ; pinnae of the fertile fronds
generally smaller 2-3-6 inches long more coriaceous but
nearly of the same form wholly or partially soriferous, the
margin sometimes reflexed, costules very distinct and promi-
nent beneath, venation less compound. — Var. a, ruhicundum ;
pinnae very large subcoriaceous often finely acuminated 8-12
inches long frequently deeply tinged with purple-red wholly
soriferous beneath, fertile ones 6-9 inches long ^ an inch
wide. A. costatum, JVall. Cat. n. 26. Cyrtogonium, /. Sin.
Poecilopteris, Moore. Campium, Pr. — Var. /S, deltigerum ;
small, sori partial generally marginal and interrupted, spots
or masses forming transverse lines between the costules fre-
quently having a deltoid form. Meniscium deltigerum. Wall.
Cat. n. 59. — Var. 7, undulutum; resembling var. /3, but the
sori frequently only marginal, forming a broad band, but often
extending a little way down between the costules towards the
costa, the disk of the pinnule naked. Nothochleena undu-

ACROSTICMUM, § II ETERON EURON. 263

lata, JVall. Cat. n. 140. Jenkinsia, Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 75.
Moore. Campium, Pr. Cyrtogonium, J. Sm. Lomariop-
sis, Metten. Heteroneuron sculpturatum, Fee, Aa'ost. p.9^.
t. 56, judging from the figure [sori universal on the pinnce).

ITab. India. — Var. a. Nepal and Sylliet, Wallich. Assam, Kliasya, Kuniaon,
and Cliittagoiig, Griffith, Hooker fil. and Thomson. — Var. fi. Nepal, If'alUch.
Boutan, Griffith. Sikkim, Thomson.— Var. y. Martaban, Wallich. Khasya,
Griffith. Monlineine, Parish, Tho.i. Lobb. Sikkim, Ilooker fil. and Thomson.
— Different as are the extremes of the three species I have here united into one,
I think it is correct to do so. The terminal pinna is not unfrequently proli-
ferous. The species l)elongs to the same group as A. virens, and partakes of the
same normal venation.

131. A. (Heteroneuron) rivulure. Hook.; "caudex creep-
ing thick as a goose-quill paleaceous, stipites angular palea-
ceous 4-5 inches long, that oi the fertile frond 12-14 inches;
sterile fronds nicnihranaceous 8-10 inches long glabrous
oblong acuminated pinnated towards the apex sinuato-pin-
natifid, pinnee entire oblongo-lanceolate or ovate subfalcate
proliferous ; fertile fronds small 4 inches long, sporangia
pale straw-colour." — Cyrtogonium, Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl.
Exp. p. 85. /. 11. NeurocaUis, Moore.

Hah. Ovalau, Fiji Islands, Brackenridge. — I am unacquainted with this. The
venation is represented as uniformly reticulated, witli no included free veinlets,
and hence I presume Mr. Moore refers it to NeurocaUis.

132. A. (Heteroneuron) serratifulium, Mert. ; caudex
creeping paleaceous, stipites 1-H foot long pale stramineous
scaly below; sterile fronds 1-H foot or more long membra-
naceous uniformly pinnated, terminal pinna long-petiolate,
the rest shortly so, 3-5 inches long oblong or oblongo-lan-
ceolate more or less acuminate sinuato-subcrenate, the base
cuneate or obliquely obtuse, petioles and rachis scurfy rather
than paleaceous, venation manifest, costules rather obscure,
veins anastomosing forming large subtriangular arcoles next
the costa, the rest of the areoles very irregular gradually
smaller towards the margin, terminal veinlets usually free ;

fertile fronds with pinnce contracted 1|-2| inches long 3-6
lines wide oblong obtuse, the margin narrowly reflexed. —
Mert. in Klfs. En. Fil. p. GG. Bolbitis, Schott, cum Ic.
Poecilopteris, Pr. Moore. Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 81. Z? {vena-
tion very good). Heteroneuron, Fee, Acrost. p. 94. t. 55. y.
3 [fertile pinna only, nut. size, ivith the sori confined to the
veins). Acrost. fraxinifolium, Pr. {not IFilld.).

Hah. South .\merica: Brazil, frequent, Mertcns, Raddi, Gardner, n. 217;

264 ACROSTICHUM, § H ETERONEURON.

Tern, 3Iafheivs, n. 1107 and 1796, Spruce (Tarapota, Eastern Peru), «. 4123 ;
Venezuela, Fendler, n. 311. — Certainly very nearly allied to A. Raddimmm, but
the pinnae are generally larger, and the caudex, though creeping, does not appear
to be scandent. The apes of tlie pinnae is not unfrequently proliferous.

133. A. (Heteroneuron) Raddianum, Kze. ; caudex elon-
gated scandent partially sparingly subulato-paleaceous, sti-
pites 4-6 inches long generally longer of the fertile frond,
fronds membranaceous 10-18 inches or more long pinnated,
pinnse rather distant; sterile ones 3-6-7 inches long ^-f of
an inch wide petiolate lanceolate finely acuminated serrated
especially towards the apex sometin^es sublobato-serrate,
venation manifest, costules subveniform, veins anastomosing
and forming very large subtriangular costal areoles, the rest
smaller and more uniform, ultimate veinlets at a little distance
from the margin short free clavate;/er/?7e fronds much smaller,
the pinnse contracted linear-oblong. — Acrostichum, Kze. in
Herb. Imp. Vindob. [not Hook, and Grev.) . A, scandens,i?oc?f?i,
Fil.Bras.p. 6. t. 18, excl.syn. [not Linn.). Neurocallis, Moore.
Heteroneuron Raddianum, Fee, Acrost. p. 94. Poecilopteris,
Moore.

Hab. Brazil, Raddi, Gardner, n. 100, Milne. Para, Spruce, n. 15. — This has
not the very uniform reticulation of the veins which constitutes Neurocallis, to
which genus, or section, Moore refers it.

134. A. (Heteroneuron) Heudelotii, Bory ; caudex thicker
than a swan's quill black creeping and rooting under water,
stipites reddish-brown or black 3-4 inches to a span and
more long, fronds subcoriaceo-membranaceous 10-14 inches
longbroad-oblongo-lanceolatepinnated,pinnatifidatthe apex;
sterile pinnte 3-6-7 inches long 5 lines to f of an inch broad
linear-lanceolate acuminate acute or obtuse obliquely cuneate
at the base, intermediate ones decurrent, lowest ones distant
and subpetiolate, the niargin entire or bluntly serrate or even
serrato-pinnatifid, venation manifest, costules united by a
few transverse arched veins forming large costal areoles, the
rest are more or less anastomosing (very irregularly) with
occasional free included veinlets. — Var. major ; 14 inches
long, fronds very dark dull-green, stipites and rachis reddish-
brown, pinnae much acuminated. Gymnopteris Heudelotii,
Bory, in Fee, Acrost. p. 84, t. 45. Anapausia, Moore. — Var.
minor ; smaller, fronds less than a foot long, pinnse obtuse,
whole plant intensely black.

Hab. Tropical. — N ax. major. Senegambia, //ewrfe/o/, " in aquis vivis." — Var.
minor. Sierra Leone, aquatic. Barter. East tropical Africa : Mangauja coun-

ACROSTICHUM, § HETERONEUROxN. 265

try, alt. 3000 feet, growing in the rocky river-bed, Dr. Kirk, Livingstone s Erp.
— Our s|)eciniL'iis from Barter and Kiri< are specifieally identical witli those we
liave received from IleudcJot; hut they are smaller and blacker, apparently more
succulent, proi)al)ly having been more submerged, for the plant is quite an aquatic.
I may mention a third (but sterile) form of this from Barter, gathered "on sunk
rocks under water in ravines near Free Town, S. Leone:" the caudex is long and
almost illiform, the stipites and rachis not thicker than sewing-thread, the pinnai
narrow and pinnatifid, the areoles few and large, with very few free veinlets.

135. A. (Heteroneuron) Presliamtm, Hook. ; " caudex
stout creeping ])aleaceous with narrow attenuated lanceolate
scales, fronds pinnated glabrous, pinnae remote subopposite
shortly petiolate, rachis winged ; sterile ones acute attenuate
at each extremity rarely obtuse beneath dotted with numerous
very minute points, superior pinnae often trilobed, inferior
ones often two-lobed, superior lobe short very obtuse ; /er-
tile fronds longer stipitate, j)inn8e all very obtuse acute at
the apex, terminal onejonger." — Heteroneuron, i^'r, Acrost.
p. 92. /. 39. /. 1. Poecilopteris, Moore. Acrostichum punc-
tulatum, Pr. {not Sw.). Campium, Pr.

Hah. Philippine Islands (Presl). Asia, Hugel (Fee). Concan, Laiv. — My
specimens from Mr. Law are all sterile, but they correspond so well with Fee's
figure and description that I cannot doubt their identity. The stipites are ap-
proximate and tufted, 6 inches long; the fronds about the same length, dark,
opaque-green, sul)Coriaceo-membranaceous ; pinuje 2^-3 inclies long, 4-5 lines
wide, narrow-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated, entire, tapering below into a rather
long, winged petiole, and decurrent on the rachis, which is aiso thus winged, upper-
most ones more or less confluent at the apex, so that th^- i^xtremity is pinnatifid ;
venation obscure; costules evident, these are connecti.; by rarely more than
two pairs of opposite veinlets, which meet at an acute angle and are prolonged
into a single free veinlet, included in the areoles. The aspect and affinity of the
plant are certainly with A. Jleudelotii.

136. A. (Heteroneuron) salicinum, Hook.; caudex creep-
ing, stipites 4 inches to a span long strami leous (as are the
raciiis and costcc), fronds iirm-membranaceous dark-green
3-4 inches to a foot long ovate-oblong pinnated to the very
apex, pinnffi of the sterile frond 2-3-10, 1^-4 inches long
rarely exceeding h an inch broad lanceolate sometimes long
and finely acuminate or obtuse entire or subserrate cuneato-
attenuate long-petiolate, terminal pinna similar to the rest
longer petiolate, costules obscure with few transverse con-
necting arched veins, these form about two series of large
areoles next the costa irregularly anastomosing towards the
margin, free included veins rare ;y!:'v7//e fronds rather smaller
more obtuse and in one instance rather coarsely serrated.

Hah. Niger Exped., Sierra Leone, Barter. Fernando Po, O. Mann, ». 1339.
— This very distinct pinnated species has the appearance of having grown in wet
VOL. V. 2 .M

266 ACuosTicnuM, § chrysodium.

places. A sterile frond with alternate, long, narrow-lanceolate, long-peticlate
pinnce, with their pale-coloured costae, has very much the appearance of Salix-
amygdalina or some allied species of Osier. Quite different from A. Heudelolii,
besides other characters, in the entirely pinnated frond, the terminal pinna long-
petioled.

§ 11. Chrysodium. — Fronds simple or pinnated, more or less dimorphous.
Veins uniformly reticulated so as to form elongated hexagonal areoles, destitute
of free veinlets. — Gen. Chrysodium, Fee, in part. Acrostichuni, Linn. Neu-
rocallis, Fee. Cheilolepton, Fee. Chorizopteris, Fee. Hymenodiura, Fee.
Dictyoglossum, /. Sm.

137. A. (Chrysodium) aureum, Linn. ; caudex short tliick
erect slightly paleaceous at the summit emitting a mass of
fleshy fasciculated vermicular fibres, stipites tufted a span to
2 feet and more long often as stout as a man's finger, fronds
for the most part very coriaceous and hard when dry when
young submembranaceous sometimes only a span long and
simple (yet fertile) oblong or ternate or 2-6 feet and more
long oblong and pinnate, pinnae usually petiolate 3-4 inches
to H foot long ^-3 inches wide, upper ones somewhat con-
tracted and fertile varying extremely in shape generally more
or less oblong or linguiform obliquely cuneated at the base,
the apex obtuse or even retuse or emargiuate sometimes
apiculate or acuminate, the margin slightly thickened and
subrevolute, veins closely and uniformly anastomosing with
small oblong areoles which have an oi)liquely patent direction
from the costa. — Linn. Sp. PL p. 1525. Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 13,
Willd. Sp. PL V. jy. 116. Schk. FiL t. 1. 3Ioore. Chryso-
dium vulgare, Fee, Acrost.p. 27- Acrost. fraxinifolium, Br.
Chrysod., Fee, L c. p. 101. /. 62. A. speciosum and A. in-
eequale, JVilkL A. marginatum, Schk. A. dane8ef(dium,
Langsd. and Fisch. Ic. FiL p. 5. t. 1. A. obliquum, BL FiL
Jav. p. 30. t. 9. Chrysod. hirsutum. Fee. Acrost. formo-
sum and A. Wightianum, Pr. Chrysod. Cayennense, Fee,
Acrost. p. 100. t. 69. C. D'Urvillei, Fee, L c. p. 100. /. 60.
C. sculpturatum, Fee, L c. p. \00.t. 61. Acrost. juglandifo-
lium, Klfs. A. rigens, Pr.

Hab. Tropical and subtropical countries throughout the world. America, from
the southern extremity of the United States to South Brazil, and from the At-
lantic to the Pacific : Galapagos, C. Wood. India : Malay Islands and Peninsula,
Borneo, Thos. Lobb. China and its islands (Formosa, etc.). Bengal, Wallich.
Ceylon, Mauritius, Bourbon, and Madagascar. Zambesi, east tropical Africa, Kirk.
South Natal, Macalisberg (Sanderson). West tropical Africa, mainland and islands,
Vogel, G. Mann, Barter. Australia: tropical, Z^roJ/'w (differing in no essential
particular liom that of other countries) ; Brisbane, Fraser, and salt-water creeks
towards M'Adam's Range, Mueller; Port Essmgton, Armstrong ; Percy Island,
Macyillivray. Pacific Islands, Fiji and Society and Samoan Islands, Brackenridge,

ACROSTICUUM, § CHUYSOniUM. 267

Milne, Ilnney. Aneiteum (some pinnae 1^ foot long and 3 inches broad), Milne.
— Variable as the outline of the pinnpc maybe in size and form, there are nn-
mistakahle characters about this species ; and if any of the above synonyms
merits to be considered as distinct, it would be only just to add still more to
the imaginary list of species.

138. A. (Chrj'sodium) rciiculatum, Klfs. ; caudex very
thick short woody knotted or almost tuberous, about tlie
stipites densely clotl)ed with long lanceolato-subulate ferru-
ginous silky fimbriated scales, stipites 2-4 inches long, a span
to a foot of the fertile, fronds simple ; sterile ones very hard-
coriaceous G-9 inches long 1-H inch broad lanceolate obtuse
glabrous margined slightly attenuated at the base, costa very
thick elevated at the back, veins internal obscure close-placed
transversely dichotomous and frequently anastomosing so as
to form elongated and narrow areoles coming to a very acute
angle at each end ; fertile fronds longer than the sterile 7-12
inches long otherwise resembling the sterile ones. — Klfs. En.
Fil.p. 64. Elaphoglossum ?, Gaudich. Voy. de la Bonite, t. 79.

/. 1-4. Hymenodium, il/oo?'e. H. crassifolium, Fee, .-icros^.
p. 94. t. 53. f. 1.

Hal). Sandwich Islands, Chainisso, Gaudichauil, Brackenridc/e, Ilillebrand,
Nultall.

139. A. (Chrysodium) crinitum. Linn.; caudex short thick
forming a woody knotted irregular creeping rhizome densely
clothed with long slender silky brown scales, stipites a span
to a foot and more long, of the sterile fronds 1 ^ foot long,
clothed with long spreading deflexed subulate dark-])urple
scales, fronds simple ; sterile ones 6-8-16 inches in length and
from :i-G inches wide elliptical carnoso-subcoriaceous hispid
with long spreading dark-purple hair-like scales dilated and
ventricose at the very base, costa stout, veins everywhere
anastomosing into uniform elongated hexagonal areoles ; fer-
tile fronds much smaller covered all over except on the costa
with a mass of dark-brown capsules. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1523.
Sio. Si/n. Fil.p. 1 1 . Jt'illd. Sp. PL v. p. 108. Hook, and Grev.
Ic. Fil. t. I. Hook. F/l. Exot. t. 6. Olfersia and Anetium,
Pr. Ilymenodium, /%", .4cros/. J. Sm. Moore. Chryso-
dium, Metten. Dictyoglossum, /. Sm. Fluni. Fil. p. 109.
t. 125.

Ilab. West Indian Islands, freqnent. Mexico, Oaleotti. — A noble aid very
remarkable species, very much confined to the islands of tropical America.

140. A. (Chrysodium) pac/n/p'iij!lu n, Kze. ; "caudex thick

268 ACROSTICHUM, § CHBYSODIUM.

clothed with very long and very narrow scales twisted at the
extremity," stipites thicker than a writing-pen 10 inches and
more long, fronds simple very thick carnoso-coriaceous ; ste-
rile ones 2 feet and more long 6 inches wide glabrous broad-
lanceolate acuminate cuneate at the base margined entire, costa
channelled above elevated beneath, veins very numerous inter-
nal indistinct close-placed transverse at their base anastomos-
ing into a series of short oblique costal areoles, the restdicho-
tomously divided but here and there anastomosing into very
long narrow acute-angled areoles directed towards the margin;
fertile frond in my specimen 9 inches long by 2| broad acumi-
nate.— Kze. ill Linnaa, ix. /;. 26. Olfersia, Pr. Hymeno-
dium Kunzeanum, Fee,Acrost. p. 90. /. 58. H. pachyphyl-
lum, Moore.

Hab. Near Pauipayaco, Peru, Poeppig, in Herh. nostr. — This is undoubtedly
the largest, or at least the longest, of all the simple-fronded Acrostichoid
Ferns, and appears to be very rare. 1 have heard of no other locality than that
above given.

141. A. (Chrysodium) Blumeanum, Hook, (not of Fee) ;
caudex long-scandent squarrose with lanceolate reticulated
dirty-brown scales, stipites a span and more long thicker than
a goose-quill and as well as the rachis pale-brown deciduously
setoso-squamulose as is much of the frond beneath in a young
state, fronds 2-3 feet long ovate acuminate pinnated, pinnae
numerous ; sterile ones membranaceous subpetiolate, petiole
short articulated on the rachis alternate 6 inches long 1 inch
wide from a truncated slightly oblique base oblong coarsely
serrated below the acuminated point, veins oblong forming
oblong hexagonal areoles having a horizontally patent direc-
tion gradually smaller towards the margin ; fertile ]Ann?e6S
inches long scarcely \h line wide sessile opposite or very
nearly so linear acute, sori clothing the whole back of the
pinnae save the costa. — Cheilolepton, Fee,Acrost.p. 89. ^.51
[very accurate). Leptochilus lomarioides, Bl. Fit. Jav. p.
206. Neurocallis, Moore. Lomagramme pteroides, J. Sm.
in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 402 (name only), and iv. p. 152
[the sori partially confined to the margin of the pinnce).
Hook. Gen. Fit. t. 97. Moore, Tnd. Fit. t. 30. Fee, Vittar.
p. 27. Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exp. p. 83.

Hab. Java, Blume. Luzon, Cuming, n. 223 a)id 228. Samoa, Navigators'
Islands, abundant, but local, in damp shady places, running over rocks and up
high trees, Brackenridge, Rev. T. Powell, n. 26. — My specimens of this from
Cuming have the most perfect conformity with the figure and description of Fee's

ACROSTICllUM, § CIIRYSODIUM. 2G9

plant from Java ; those from Samoa (Powell) besides being smaller, liave some
of the sterile pinnsc more serrated, and the fertile pinna; much broader and taper-
ing at the apex: but in both cases the sori cover tiie whole pinna; between the
costa and the margin. My specimens show satisfactorily to me that Lomaf/rarnyne
pteroidcs of J. Smith is an abnormal state of this plant with the sori partially
confined to the margin, as is the case also in A. prcKstaniissimum (n. 144).

142. A. (Chrysodiutn) Requieniamwi, Gaud.; caudex ?,
" stipites a span to a foot long; sterile fronds ternate rarely
pinnate, pinncc 5-7 incites long lanceolate acute, terminal
one petiolate, veins reticulated (as in A. Bhimeanum) ; fertile
fronds pinnate, pinnae 4-8 inches long subopposite linear
acuminate petioled at the base/' — Gaudich. in Voy. deFreyc.
p. 304. t. 4. Presl. Neurocallis, Fee, Acrost. p. 90.

Ilah. Moluccas. Rawak, Gaudiehaud. — This appears to be only known in the
Paris Herbarium, and from the description and figure above quoted 1 do not see
why it uiay not be a young and imperfect state of A. Blumeanum.

143. A. (Chrysodium) poJyphyllum, Hook.; caudex scan-
dent and radicant thick as a duck's quill, stipites distant a
span to a foot long obsoletely squamulose jointed, on the
caudex scarcely thicker than a crow's quill; sterile fronds
ample probably 2-3 feet long membranaceous pinnate or bi-
pinnate, primary pinnre G-8 inches to a foot long, pinnules (all
articulate) 1-1 f inch lung rather distant petiolate oblong or
oval-oblong strongly serrated acute, rachises winged, veins
anastomosing, the largest areoles next the costules ; fertile
fronds bipinnate, smaller pinnules much contracted scarcely
more than ^ an inch long linear wholly soriferous concealing
tlie costa, the margins revolute. — Lomagramme i)olvphylla.
Brack. Fit. U. S. Krpl. Exp. p. 83. /. 12./. 3 {portion of the
sterile frond only).

Hah. Pacific Islands, Alexander. Fiji Islands, Brackenridye, Harvey. Anei-
teum, Macyillivray. Isle of Vanicolla, C. Moore.

144. A. (Chrysodium) proistantissimum, Bory ; caudex
short apparently erect, stipites 1-H foot or more long thick
as a goose or even a swan's quill Cccspitose, fronds subcoriaceo-
membranaceous 2-3 feet long pinnated, pinnae 12-2G not
jointed on the rachis ; sterile ones 5-10 inches long \-\h-2
inches wide oblong more or less suddenly acuminate sessile
obliquely cuncate at the base entire, veins uniformly anasto-
mosing with shortly oblong hexagonal areoles having a trans-
verse direction; fertile pinna; as long as the sterile ones but
much contracted linear acuminate sessile, sori coverini]: the

270 ACROSTICHUM, § GYMNOPTERIS.

whole pinnse, or frequently forming a broad marginal line on
the upper portion of the half-changed pinna, or rarelj^ form-
ing a narrow marginal line more or less covered by the re-
flected margin giving a pteroid character. — Hook. Gard. Ferns,
t. 28. Neurocallis pra^stantissima, i^ee, ^cro5/. p. 89. t. 52.

Hab. West Indies, apparently vei y local : Gnadeloupe, L Herminier, in Herb,
nostr. Dominica, Vr. Imray. — One of the finest of the many fine West Indian
Ferns.

145. A. (Chrysodium) aureo-nitens, Hook.; caudex a short
erect tufted-rooted rhizome very paleaceous at the apex,
whole plant except the upper side of the fronds densely
clothed with a mass of auieo-nitent imbricated lanceolate
subulate glossy toothed scales, fronds of two kinds coriaceo-
carnose ; sterile ones simple 3-4-5 inches long obovato-spa-
thnlate entire tapering below into a short stipes ; /i?r/z/e frond
pinnate stipitate, stipites 3-4 inches long, pinnae few 6-9
scarcely an inch long the largest of them linear-oblong ob-
tuse, the sori concealed by the copious scales. — Acrostichum
(Neurocallis) aureo-nitens, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 933.

Hab. Galapagos, Cnmhirj, n. 109, Capt. Wood, Dr. Andersson.—k most re-
markable Acrosticlioid Fern, quite unique of its kind, and peculiar, as it appears,
to the Galapagos Islands.

§ 12. Gymnopteris. — Fronds dimorphous, simple, lobed or pinnatijid or pin-
nate. Veins pinnate from the casta, the rest compoundly anastomosing, more
or less hexagonal, including simple or branched and divaricating free veinlets.
— Gen. Gymnopteris, Fee. Anapausia, Pr. Moore. — (This corresponds in
venation and a good deal in habit with Phymatodes among Polypodiea.)

146. A. (Gymnopteris) Gaboonense, Hook.; caudex creep-
ing sparingly paleaceous with dirty-brown small subulate
scales, stipitesnumerousapproximate 6-7inches long sparingly
paleaceous at the base, of the fertile fronds twice or thrice as
long, fronds simple; sterile ones firm-membranaceous 12-14
inches long 3-3^ inches broad ovato-lanceolate acuminate
and proliferous at the apex moderately attenuated at the base
entire or sinuate at the margin dark blackish-green, costa
prominent beneath, venation very distinct, costules horizontal
wide apart connected by many transverse curved veins form-
ing a series of long narrow costal areoles free from veins or
slightly veinleted, the rest forming several wide arched
areoles filled with a network of irregular areoles with or
without an included veinlet, veining near the margin free ;
fertile frond 4-6 inches long 1-H i^ich wide lanceolate sub-
entire or sinuato-piiinatifid.

ACROSTICIIUM, § GYMNOPTERIS. 271

Ilab. Gaboon River, west tropical Africa, lat. 1° N., Guslav Mann. — This has
some affinity in forni and venation with our next species, A. pandurifuliuni, hut
the form and structure at the base are extremely different; the ultimate areoles
are by no means so numerous, nor the free included veins, nor are the latter
branched.

147. A. (Gymnopteris) pandurifoUum, Hook. ; caudex
creeping thick as a goose-quill copiously scaly and rooting,
stipites approximate paleaceo-squaniose about a foot long, H
of the sterile ; sterile fronds membranaceous a foot long
3-3^ inches wide simple and panduriform having two round
sinuose lobes at the base, or ovato- or oblongo-lanceolate
acuminate with two small subrotund ))innfe at the base, cos-
tules remote flexuose united by transverse nearly straight
veins forming subquadrangular rather large areoles smaller
towards the margin including sometimes smaller areoles or
free and divaricating branched veiidets ; fertile fronds very
much smaller lanceolato-panduriform or ternate with the
terminal pinna lanceolate, the two lateral ones or auricles
rounded and petiolate. — Gymnopteris pandurifolia, Hook. 2d
Cent, of Ferns, t.S7.

Hal). Mount Guayrapurima, near Tarapota, Eastern Peru, Spruce, n. 4741,
and (the ternate-fronded form) Chimbornzo, alt. 3000 feet, n. 5084. — Sitice I
published the simple-fronded form of this, I have received from Mr. Spruce a
state, as I believe, of the same species, with two basal lobes separate and forming
two distinct lateral pitiiuc or auricles. If more decidedly pinnated, it might pass
into Acrost. nicotiancefoUuni.

148. A. (Gymnopteris) bicuspe. Hook. ; caudex creeping
and as well as the base of the stipes densely clothed with
aureo-fulvous silky hairs, stipites 1-1 4 foot (of the sterile
frond) long channelled on the anterior side, dilated upwards,
fronds coriaceous sim|)le pale-green ; sterile ones 6-8 inches
long :i-d\ inches broad ovate-acuminate quite entire and tri-
costate, or suborbiculate and deeply (to the middle) bicuspidate
6 inches broad and as much long G-8costate with the acu-
minated segments divaricating, entire at the margin, venation
conspicuous, primary veins anastomosing and forming large
subquadrangular areoles enclosing a network of smaller
areoles with copious free branched and divaricating included
veinlets ; fertile frond always entire 6-9 inches long 6-8
lines wide lanceolate acuminate tricostate, the margin
thickened, sori fulvous covering the surface except on the
costfE and margin. — Polypodium, HI. Fil. Juv. p. 125. Ana-
pausia, Moore. Cheiropleuria, /V. Eat. Acrostichum tri-

272 ACROSTICHUM, § GYMNOPTERIS.

nerve, Hask. Kze. Gymnopteris Vespertilio, Hook. Land.
Journ. Bot. v. ])• 193.^. 7 c^nd 8. Acrostich., Metten. Ana-
pausia, Moore. Cheiropleuria, Pr. — Var. /3, integrifolia, Eat.
in Herb. Hook. ; fronds of both kinds ovate acuminate entire.

Hab. Java, on trees, Blame, Thos. Lohb, Zollinger. Loochoo Islands, mostly
with quite entire fronds, C. Wright. — A most remarkable and very handsome
Fern, probably only known in a barren state to Blume, its first discoverer, or he
could not have referred it to Polypodium ; and hence I overlooked his plant
when I described it as Gymnopteris Vespertilio, — a very applicable name for the
normal state of the sterile frond, but which has been found quite entire in the
Loochoo Islands, and that far more common than the bicuspidate state.

149. A. (Gymnopteris) tricuspe. Hook. ; caudex creeping
clothed with subulato-setaceous ferruginous scales, stipites 1
foot long, 1^ of the fertile frond; sterile frond subcoriaceo-
membranaceous subtriangular-cordate 8-10 inches long 10-12
inches wide at the base including the spread of the lateral
lobes, deeply trilobate, lateral lobes 5 inches or more long 1^
inch wide horizontally patent, intermediate one 6 inches and
more long 2 inches wide, all of them oblongo-lanceolate acu-
minate entire unicostate, venation manifest, costules distant
indistinct connected by transverse irregular curved veins
forming large areoles enclosing lesser ones which have co-
pious free branched and divaricating veinlets ; fertile fronds
much elongated but contracted tripartite nearly to the base,
segments scarcely h an inch wide linear strap-shaped acumi-
nate, lateral ones 9-10 inches long erecto-subpatent, inter-
mediate one a foot and more long, sori universal except on
the costa. (Tab. CCCIV.)

Hab. Hot valleys of Sikkim-Himalaya, Mrs. Atkinson. — This very fine and
new species, with not a little of the habit and venulation of A. bicuspe, diifers
remarkably in being trilobed or tripartite, and it has always a solitary central costa
to each lobe. One of my specimens has the three segments only partially contracted
a nd fertile.

150. A. (Gymnopteris) aHenum,Sw.; caudex stout creeping
paleaceous, stipites l-H foot long sparsely scaly at the base;
fertile ones the longest, fronds varying much in size 6 inches
to H-2feetin length bright- green membranaceous; steri/eones
when young subsimple or only pinnatifid below, when fully
developed more deeply divided at length pinnated pinnatifid
above, pinnee numerous 5-6-8 inches long 1-2 inches broad
subpetiolate lanceolate finely acuminate lobato-pinnatifid
serrated towards the apex, lowest pair dilated at the lower
margin and more deeply pinnatifid, lobes subserrated, ter-

ACROSTICIIUM, § GYMNOPTERIS. 273

niinal one coadunate at the base forming the pinnatifid apex
and more entire at the margins of the segments, venation
manifest, costules distinct, veins anastomosing forming ra-
ther large unequal anguUir areoles inchiding free ofren forked
and divaricating ve'uAe.tti; fer/.i/e fronds nmch smaller ])in-
nate beh)w, pinnatifid at the apex, j)innce and segments 2-3
inches long 4-5 lines wide oblong obtuse entire or more or
less lohed.—Siv. Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 1595. Syn. Fil. p. 13.
UiUd. Sp. PL V. p. 120. Gymnopteris, Pr. Hook. Gen. Fil.
t.85. Fee, Acrost. p. 84. Anapausia, Moo7-e. Chrysodium,
Metten. Acrost. brunneum, IVilld. [Kze. in Herb, noslr.).
A. caudatum, Cav. and Willd., is by some authors referred
here. Acrost. cladorhizans, Spr. A. Portoricense, Spr.
A. hastatum, Liebm. Fil. Mex. p. 20 [and in Herb, nostr.).
A. umbrosum, Liebm. I. cp. 22 [and in Herb, nostr.). Plum.
Fil. p. 10. t. 10.

Ilah. Tropical America. West Indies : Jamaica, Sicartz, and prol)ahly in most
of the islands; Cuba, Linden, n. 1755, C. Wright, n. 783; Porto Rico, Sc/nna-
necke. New Granada, Purdie, Fendler, n. 336. Mexico, Liebold, Galeotti, n.
6572. Guatemala, Skinner. — Our ])late in the ' Genera Filicuni ' well represents
the sterile and fertile fronds and the venation of this plant, and Plumier's figure
is much less exaggerated than is usual in his representations of Ferns. The spe-
cies is, however, as Fee remarks, " extremement variable dans ses formes et dans
ses dimensions ;" and some of the smaller states scarcely differ from those of A.
semipinnaiifidum, e.xcept in the presence of copious free veinlets.

151. A. (Gymnopteris) semipinnatifidum, Hook.; caudex
creeping thick as a goose or a swan's quill subsetaceo-palea-
ceous, stipites a span to a foot long, \\ foot of the fertile
frond, fronds firm or subcoriaceo-membranaceous very dark
green 10-15 inches long; sterile ones subdeltoid pinnatifid
or in the perfect state pinnated below with 1-2 or rarely 3
pairs of sessile or subpetioled pinntc, near the middle with
1-2 pairs of very decurrent pinnae, the rest upwards are co-
adunate so that the apex of the frond is more or less deeply
pinnatifid, pinnaj 4-i) inches long f-li hich wide lanceolate
more or less attenuated at tlie base acuminate entire or
lobato-pinnatifid at the margins, lowest pair dilated at the
lower margin and there more deeply pinnatifid with the low-
est lobe sometimes very much elongated, lowest segments
of the upper portion also much elongated, the apex itself
lobato-pinnatifid, venation manifest, costules subhorizontal
distant, the veins variously anastomosing but forming elon-
gated costal and costular areoles, the areoles destitute of free
included branched veinlets or very rarely here and there with

VOL. V. 2 N

274 ACROSTICHUM, § GYMNOPTERIS.

a solitary simple free one; fertile frond much smaller oblong
but with pinnffi and segments of the same character though
more obtuse and more entire at the margin. — Gymnopteris,
Fee, Acrost. p. 84. t. 44 [rather a small specimen witli nearly
entire phince) . Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 971 and 972, Anapausia,
Moore.

Hab. Ti'opical America-. French Guiana, Le Prieur (my specimen from Le
Prieur has the margins nearly entire and quite lilie Fee's figure, but is larger) ;
Brazil, Amazon, St. Gabriel, Spruce, n. 2121 (scarcely at all pinnated); Para,
Spruce, n. 577 ; Jamaica, alt. 3000 feet, Purdie (" G. aliena, /3, Pnrdieana,"
Griseb. in Fl. W. Ind. ined.) ; Trinidad, Cruger, n. 221. — Some of the smaller,
yet fully developed specimens of this plant closely resemble certain states of
J. alienum, but the venation, especially the general absence of the free included
veins, will at once distinguish it.

152. A. (Gymnopteris) Harlandii, Hook. ; caudex stout
short creeping woody setaceo-paleaceous, stipites 1 foot to
2 feet long of the sterile frond, stout close-clustered palea-
ceous below with setaceous scales; s/eri/e fronds 1-1 ^-2 feet
long coriaceous glossy rarely simple three-partite or pinnate
with five large pinnae of which the lateral ones are 6-8 inches
long, lowest pair free the rest coadunate and very de-
current, terminal one a foot long, all oval-lanceolate long-
acuminate entire, venation very manifest, costules distant
connected by transverse curved flexuose veins including a
network forming irregular smaller ai'eoles which enclose free
divaricating veiiilets ; fertile fronds smaller very much con-
tracted, pinuas .3-4 inches long ^-f of an inch wide oblongo-
lanceolate acuminate but having the same structure as the
sterile. — Gymnopteris decurrens. Hook. Fl. Hongkong, in
Kew Gard. Misc. ix. p. .359, Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 94 [not of
Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 6). Acrostichum, Benth. Fl. Hong-
kong, p. 445 {not Acrost. decurrens, Desv. ; nor Leptochilas
decurrens, BL).

Hab. Hongkong, Dr. Ilarland, top of Mount Gough, etc., Wilford. — This ap-
pears, though variable in form, a very distinct species, and as yet detected only in
the island of Hongkong.

153. A. (Gymnopteris) fiuviatile, Hook.; caudex long
creeping branched, stipites stout a foot and more long, 2 feet
of the fertile frond ; sterile fronds \\-2 feet long firm-mem-
branaceous simple broad-lanceolate and entire, or larger and
hastato-trilobate, with lateral segments 6-7 inches long 2^
inches broad ovato-oblong acuminate horizontal, middle lol)e
16 inches long 4 inches wide broad-lanceolate or larger still
and pinnatifid with about 5-9 large segments, inferior la-

ACROSTlCnUM, ^ GYMXOPTEKIS. 2/5

teral ones and the terminal one as in the second form just de-
scribed, costoe rather stout, costules indistinct, veins every-
where distinct regularly anastomosing into rather large uni-
form hexagonal areoles rather smaller towards the margin
quite destitute of any free included veinlets ; fertile fronds
similar to the sterile ones hastate or pinnatifid but much
smaller.

Hah. Fernando Po, on the banks of a river, Giitlav Mann, n. 4-12, Nig'.^r Ex-
ped., Barter. West trojjical Africa. Ctirror. — \\\ one of my specimens of tliis
])lant, which has the ai)|)earance of Ijcing palustral or throwing in wet i)laces, tiie
costnles are sufficiently a|>i)arent, but are veniforin, aud the frond is regularly re-
ticulated as in Neurocn/lis prrpsfantissima. The venation is quite interniediate
between § Gymnopterin and § Nturucailis.

154. A. (Gymnopteris) nicotiame folium, Svv. ; caudex long
stout creeping paleaceous, stipites 1^-2 feet long scaly at the
base, fronds submembranaceous 1-2 feet or more long ])in-
nated with 3-7-10 petiolated pinna;, terminal one the largest
and longer petioled; sterile ])iniKC 4-8 inches long elliptical-
ovate rather suddenly acuminate subdentato-sinuatc at the
margin, costules manifest united by curved veins forming
arched areoles which are filled up by anastomosing rather
small nearly square areoles including free branched often
divaricated veinlets ; jertile fronds much smaller than the
sterile, pinnae oblongo-lanceolate. — Siv. Syn. Ft/, pp. 13 and
199. rVil/d. Sp. PL V. p. 118. Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 2G.
Gymnopteris, Pr. Fee, Acrost. p. 8G. t. 46. Anapausia, Pr.
Moore. Chrysodiuin, Metten. Acrost. acuminatum, in/ld.
I. c. p. 111. Gymnopt., Pr. Fee, Acrost. p. 85. Anapausia,
Moore. — Plum. Fit. p. 100. /. 115.

Ilab. Tropical America, especially the West Indian Islands, Bi-azil, and British
Guiana. — Tlie S|)ecies varies in the shape of the sterile pinniB, especially of the ter-
minal one, sometimes almost rhomboid, and in the size of the ultimate areoles,
and in the more or less copious free veinlets. Hence Willdenow and Fee have
constituted two species.

155. A. (Gymnopteris) subrepanduni. Hook. ; caudex
cree])ing stout, stii)ites a span to a foot or more long palea-
ceous with coarse black subulate deciduous scales, fronds
1-H foot long coriaceo-membranaceous almost brown when
dry paler beneath simple or pinnated (terminal pinna i)etio-
late and laru;er), pinnre 3-13 (j-19 inches long 1-2 inches
wide oblongo-lanceolate acuminate subsessile obliquely cu-
iieate at the base quite entire or (in Cuming's pinnated spe-
cimen) repando-sublobate at the margin, costules distinct

276 ACROSTICHUM, § LEPTOCHILUS.

united by arched and angled transverse veins and these again
connected by longitudinal ones {i. e. parallel with the costu-
lar) thus forming costular areoles again reticulated or inclu-
ding free veinlets ; fertile pinnse much smaller more petiolate
with a pale-coloured margin, — Gymnopteris, /. Sm. in Hook.
Bot. Journ. iii. p. 403. G. subsimplex, Fee, Acrost. p. 83.
t. 40?

Hab. Luzon, Cuming, n. 225. Malay Peninsula, Sir Wm. Norris. — My speci-
men from Mr. Cuming is quite a pinnated one ; those of Sir W. Norris have pin-
nated and subsimple fronds ; but Fee's figure seems rather to represent the sterile
frond of a terminal pinna than an entire simple frond.

§ 13. Leptochilus. — Only differs from the preceding section (§ Gymnopteris)
in the very narrow-linear or almost filiform fertile fronds or their pinnce. —
Gen. Leptocliilus, Klfs. Fee. Gymnopteris, Bernh. in part. Moore.

156. A. (Leptochilus) axillare, Cav. ; caudex very long
scandent flexuose here and there branched ; sterile fronds
rather distant (with very short stipites almost none or 1-2
inches long and stramineous) membranaceous 5-6 inches to
1 foot and more long \-\h inch wide lanceolate more or
less acuminate strongly costate entire gradually tapering
below and long-decurrent sometimes to the base of the stipes
and even auricled there ; fertile fronds (with stipites 3-4
inches long a little scaly at the base) 6 inches to a foot long
1-3 lines wide linear tapering at both extremities flexuose.
—Cav. Pralect. 1801. ?i. 582. Siv. Syn. Fil. jo. 11. Willd.
Sp. PL v. p. 509. Gymnopteris, Pr. Tent. Pterid. p. 244. t.
11. /. 4, 5. Leptochilus, Kfs. En. Fil. p. 14/. t. 1. /. 10.
Fee, Acrost. p. 86. Lomaria (?) serpens. Wall. Cat. n. 32.

Hab. Philippine Islands (Cavanilles). Luzon, Cuming, n. 30, Thos. Lobb.
Java, Blume. Borneo, Motley. Moulmeiiie, Parish, n. 68 (cree[)ing to a great
height up trees). Sylhet, Wallich, n. ?>2 (" supra arb. alte radicans "). Assam,
Griffith, Hooker fil. and Thomson, Simons. Boutan, Booth. Cochin, John-
stone. Nilgiiiri, Mlvor. Ceylon, Gardner. — A species remarkable for its very
long, flexuose, scandent caudex, adhering to the trunks of trees by fibrous
radicles.

157. A. (Leptochilus)/ ftwceo/a^Mw, Hook, (not Linn.) ; cau-
dex creeping copiously rooting, stipites 4 inches to a span and
even more long of the fertile fronds testaceous ; sterile fronds
firm-membranaceous 6 inches to a span long 1-2 inches
wide lanceolate acuminate much attenuato-decurrent at the
base entire, costules indistinct, areoles with free veins ;

fertile ones coriaceous a span to 1 foot long 2-6 lines broad.
— Leptochilus, Fee, Acrost. p. 87. /. 47./. 1. — Var. /3, nor-

A€ROSTICIIU.M, § LEPTOCHILUS. 277

male ; sterile fronds small sessile. Gymnopteris normalis,
J. Sm. in Honk. Joiirn. Bat. iii. p. 403.

Hal). Hab. East Indies, //m^p/. IntVi^n Peninsuh, Perot fet, M'fvor, Sih.bQnO
feet, Col. Bates, Dr. JJ'i///il, n. 45 aiid 58, Laiv. Moulmeine, Parish, n. 18().
Ceylon, Mrs. Gent. Walker, n. 11G3, Gardner, n. 1303, 131G, and 1317.— Var.
$. Ceylon, along with the ordinary form. Isle of Saniar, Cuming, n. 326. —
Very variable in the size of the fronds and in the length of the stipes ; best dis-
tinguished from G. axillaris by the very different caudex.

158. A. (Leptochilus) minus, Metten. ; small, caudex
creeping thick as a sparrow's quill scaly at the apex, stipites
remote slender 1-3 or in those of the fertile frond 4 inches
long; 5^e?'i/e fronds membranaceous 1 -2-2 inches long oblong
or broad-lanceolate costate tapering into a stipes 2 4 inches
long, costules indistinct, areoles with a free included clavate
veiidet smaller towards the margin ; fertile fronds 2 inches
long linear obtuse. — Metten. Fil. Hort. Lips. p. 20. Lepto-
chilus, Fef,^cro5/,/?. 87. t. '^1 .f. 2, according to his figure {excl.
syn. J. Sm.). Gymnopteris, Rook. 2d Cent, of Ferns,t. 78,

Hab. Khasya, near Cburra, alt. 2000-3000 feet, Hooker fil. and Thomson.
Isle of Samar, Philippines, Cuming, n. 320 {in Herb. Fee, but that number in
our herb, is Gymnopt. normalis, J. Sm., our A. lanceolatum, 0). — Cuming's n. 326
would appear to include two s[)ecies. The present is the Leptochilus minor of
Fee, but is not the G. normalis, J. Sm.. which bears the same number of Cuming.
The present is the smallest species of the genus.

159. A. (Leptochilus) variabile. Hook.; caudex long
creeping flexuose scarcely paleaceous, fronds distant ; sterile
one membranaceous 6 inches to a foot and 14 inches long
(including the decurrent base) l-2i inches wide broadly
ovato-lanceolate costate acuminate below rather suddenly at-
tenuated and very long decurrent upon the scalele.ss stipes
sometimes almost to tiie base, the margin sul)repand or la-
ciniato-pinnatilid witii long acuminate unequal segments, cos-
tules very distinct sul)horizontally patent, primary areoles
large transversely oblong, secondary ones subquadrangular
including free divaricating veinlets ; /c^/-//Ve fronds narrow-
linear (pinnated in var. j3) often 6-10 inches long 2-3 lines
wide on very long scaleless stipites often a foot long,sori con-
tinuous often spreading over the margin. — Gymnopteris de-
currens. Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 6 [not of Fil. Exot.). Acrost.
(Gymnonteris), Thw. En. PI. Ceyl.p. 381, ere/, siin. Leptochi-
lus, Bl. Fil. Juv.p. 20G. Fee, Acrost. p. 88. t. 48./. 2. Acro-
stichum rivulare, //«//. Cat. n. 21fi5. — Var. j3. lur'inldtnni. ;
sterile fronds deeply laciniato-pinnatifid ; fertile fronds pin-
nated with very long unequal tihform pinutC. Thic. En. I. c.

278 ACROSTICHUM, § LEPTOCHILUS.

Hab. Java, Blume. Penang, Wallich. Ceylon, common. Mm. Genl. Walker,
Gardner, n. 1157, 1317, 1318 {var. ;3), Assam, Simons. Khasya, Hooker f I.
and Thomson, alt. 2000-3000 feet.— Allied to J. lanceolatum ; but tbat is smaller
and more rigid, sterile fronds scarcely costulate. It varies much in the relative
length and l)readth of the fronds and in paler or darker colour. In var. ,8 the sterile
fronds are deeply laciniato-pinnatifid, and the fertile ones are pinnated with several
very long, almost filiform pinnae. " It grows in peculiar localities, rarely inter-
mixed with the normal state" {Thwaites).

160. A. (Leptocliilus) Linnceanum, Hook.; caudex creep-
ing scaly fibrous beneath, stipites scattered approximate 2-6
inches long sparsely paleaceous below with subulate black
scales, fronds sul)dimorphous ; sterile ones 4-8 inches long
^ an inch wide submembranaceous elongato-lanceolate sul)-
opaque often long acuminate rooting and proliferous at the
apex entire at the margin costate, costules indistinct, veins
anastomosing, areoles subhexagonal rarely with free included
veinlets. — Hook. 2d Cent, of Ferns., t. 26. Leptochilus, Ft'e,
Acrost.p. 87- t. 47. y. 2 [excl. probably allihe syns.). Den-
droglossa, Fee, Gen. F'd. ;?. 8 1 .

Hab. Malay Islands : Java, " Zollinger, n. 1441 ;" Borneo, Motley, n. 427. —
Well figured l)y Fee ; but he surely errs in quoting Acrostichum lanceolatum,
Linn. Amcen. Acad. i. p. 268, where it is said, " fructificationes sunt pnncta con-
fertissima, versus apicem frondis," and reference is made to Hort. Malab. xii. t.
27. Swartz showed long ago that the Linnfean plant is the Polypod. acrostichoides
of Forst., now considered to be a Niji/iol/olus.

161. A. (Leptochilus) taccafoRuni, Hook.; caudex stout
short creeping paleaceous with long dark-brown glossy linear-
subulate scales, stipites short and almost none or a span to
afoot long of the fertile fronds, in both near the l)ase crinite
and almost squarrose with long narrower spreading flexuose
scales ; sterile fronds membranaceous dirty-brown when dry
6-11 inches long 1^-2^ inches wide and simple broad-
lanceolate shortly acuminate costate subsinuate moderately
attenuated below scarcely decurrent but terminating rather
suddenly and with a decidedly waved margin, or larger and
deeply three-lobed, or larger still 1| foot long and nearly as
much wide and deeply pinnatifid with 7-9 oblong distant
more or less acuminated confluent segments 4-6-8 inches
long entire or sinuate or even pinnated in the lower half, the
pinnae large deeply bipartite and petioled, venation conspi-
cuous, costules evident nearly Iwrizontal very flexuose united
by transverse arched veins forming primary large areoles,
secondary areoles subquadrangular copious including free
divaricating veinlets ; fertile frond 6- 12 inches or more long
\\ line wide narrow-linear and simple or deeply pinnatifid or

ACROSTICIIUM, § LEPTOCIIILUS. 279

pinnate in the same way as the sterile frond. — Gymnopteris
taccicfoUa, /. S/n. in Huo/c. Journ. Bot. iii. /?. 403 [iiaiiic onf//).
the iiioxt fully dereloped form of the species, pi/mated below.
Le|)tocliilus, Fee, Acrost. /;. 89. /. 50. Polybotrya, Metten.
Fil. Hort. Lips. jj. 24. — Y'dv. /3, jjinnat/Jida ; frond lart^e pinna-
tifid. L. suljquiiiquetidus, Fee, Acrost. p. 88. i. 4\). — Var. 7,
trilohata ; frond three-lobed. Gymnojjteris trilol:)ata, J. Sin.
I.e. p. 403 {name only, includint/ also the following var.).
Polybotrya, Melten. Fd. Hort. Lips. p. 25. — Var. 8, simplici-
folia; fronds undivided. Leptocarpus \\\\ocwc])ViS, Fee, Acrost.
p. 87. t. 48./ 1.

Hab. Isle of Mindoro, Cuming, n. 357. — Var. ^, pinnatifida. Luzon, Cuming,
n. 3. — Var. 7, trilohata. Luzon, Cuming, n. 3, in part (J. Sin.J, Thou. Lohh. —
Var. S, simplici/olia. Manilla, Gandichaud {Fee). Luzon, Cuming, n. h. — I am
unacquainted with the A. fLeptocfiilu.i) varians of Mettenius, Fil. Nov. Caled. p.
2. " llhizoma elongaluni scandens, folia disticha distantia subcoriacea glabrrrinia,
e basi cuneata late ovata pinnutipartita," etc., to the affinities uf which the autliur
makes no allusion.

162. A. (Leptochilus) qiiercifolium, Retz ; caudex creep-
ing sparsely paleaceous, stipites 2-3 inches to a span of the
fertile frond in length, below paleaceous with spreading sub-
crinite scales and more or less ferrugineo-tomentose, fronds
ternate ; sterile ones shortly stipitate membranaceous ciliated
3-4 inches long H-2 inches wide cordato-oblong very ob-
tuse, lateral pinnae cordato-trilobed, terminal one very large
ovate all pinnatifid with obtuse irregular lobes costate, cos-
tules evident hairy beneath corresponding with the lobes,
veins irregularly anastomosing, the arcoles with free including
veitdets ; fertile fronds small 1-2 inches long long-stipitate,
two lateral pinnae short, all petiolate. — Retz. Sw. Syn. Fi.,.
p. 12. Schk. Fil. ii. /. 8. JVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 112. Gym-
nopteris, Bernh. in Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1806. i. p. 20. Fr.
Tent. Pterid. p. 244. Hook. Ic. PI. x. p. 905, and Fil. Exot.
t. 80. Leptochilus, Fee, Acrost. p. 88. Dendroglossa, Fee,
Gen. Fil. p. 80. t. 7-/. 2. Ophioglossum Zeylanicum, Uoutt.
Linn. PL Syst. x'm.p. 47. t. 94. /'. 1.

llab. Ceylon, Burmann, Mrs. Geal. Walker, Gardner, n. 1170 and 1319.
Madras Peninsula, Ui)tller, Wight, v. -IG. Ciiina and Cochinchina (/•>'«■). — .V.
well-inarkrd species, amply illustrated, and one that cannot be confounded with
any other.

163. A. (Leptochilus?) pteroides, Br.; "fronds bipinnate
glabrous, pinnules linear, with margins reflexed." — Br. Prodr.
Nov. 1 loll. p. 144.

280 ACROSTICHUM, § HYMENOLEPIS.

Hab. Tropical New Holland, Brown, in Herb, nostr. {ex Herb. Carmichaet). —
I place this here with great hesitation. At first sight it has much the general
aspect of a fertile frond of some bipinnated Leptochilus. My solitary specimen
is 13 inches long, destitute of caiidex ; stipes slender, terete, slightly flexuose, and,
as well as the rachis, ebeneous-black ; fronds 6 inches long, ovato-lanceolate, bi-
pinnate ; primary pinnae alternate, upper ones sessile, about 1 inch long, lower
ones rather long-petioied (petioles black), nearly 2 inches long, {)innate \\ith3-4
pinnules, all of them linear, i-| of a line wide, narrow-linear, plane or even a
little grooved at the back, with no appearance of costa there, beneath canalicu-
late, the margin moderately recurved and somewliat involucriform, the whole
under side clothed with capsules, save the slender black costa. AVe trust Aus-
tralian botanists, and especially the explorers of tropical Australia, will rediscover
this remarkable plant and enable us to say something definite respecting its
atfinities.

§ 14. Hymenolepis. — Fronds simple, uniform. Sorus produced on a contracted
apex of the frond. — Gen. Hymenolepis, Klfs.

164. A. (Hymenolepis) spicaium, Linn.; caudex creeping
paleaceous and tubercled with the persistent bases of the old
fronds, fronds approximate a span to a foot long ^-1 inch
and more broad coriaceo-carnose opaque elongate or narrow-
lanceolate costate gradually tapering below into a short thick
stipes articulated upon the caudex contracted at the extre-
mity into a linear receptacle varying much in length and
soriferous, the margins in an early state revolute and pseudo-
involucrate, capsules mixed with peltate scales, veins co-
piously anastomosing, costules very indistinct veniform, the
rest of the veins forming uniform areoles enclosing free
veinlets. — Var. a, macrostachys ; fronds narrow, soriferous
receptacles much elongated. Linn. Suppl. p. 444. Cav.
Pra/ect. \80l. n. 569. Sm. Ic. hied. ^.49. Hymenolepis
spicata, Fr. Epimel. Bot. p. 159. Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 78.
Onoclea, Sw. Syn. Fil. pp. 1 10 and 303. Schizeea, Stn. Act.
Taur. V. p. 53. Lomaria, Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 289. Gymno-
pteris, Pr. Tent. Pterid. p. 244. t. 11./. 7. Hymenolepis
ophioglossoides, Klfs. En. Fil. p. 146. t. \.f. 9. Kze. in Sc/ik.
Vil. Suppl. p. 99. t.47.f.l. H. revoluta, Bl. Fil. Jew. p. 201.
Kze. in Schk. Fil. Suppl. p. 101. t. 47- / 2. H. validinervis,
Kze. — Var. /3, brachystachys ; fronds broader, receptacle short
very obtuse. Hook. Gard. Ferns, t. 3.

Hab. East Indies, especially the islands : Archipelago and Pacific Islands,
Ceylon, Bourbon, Mauritius, Assam and Khasya, China and Sikkim, Philippine
Islands, Java, Penang, Society and Fiji Islands, and Solomon's Group. Brisbane
River, North-east Australia {Hill, Mueller). Madagascar, Dr. Metier. New
Caledonia, Vieillard. — Var. /S is chiefly a garden variety, due perhaps to luxu-
riance.

165. A. (Hymenolepis) jp/fl^?/?-%wc/<os, Hook. ; caudex as-

ACROSTICIIUM, § PHOTINOPTEKIS. 281

cen(ling,fronds tufted 12-lG inches long 1 inch wide subh)rato-
lanceolate coriaceo-nieml^ranaceous costate attenuated at the
base into a very short petiole, soriferous appendage broad-
oblong 1-2^ inches long i an inch wide, the disk only covered
with capsules leaving a broad spreading margin. — Kze.inSclik.
Fil. Suppl.p. 101 {no figure) . Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 999. Gym-
nopteris, J. Sm. in Hook. Journ. Bot. m. p. 403 {riame only).
Macroplethus, Fr. Epimel. Bot. p. 142.

Hab. Luzou, Cuming, n. 196. — A very rare and remarkably distinct species.

§ 15. Photinopteris. — Fronds ample, uniform, fertile at the extremity, and
that portion pinnated with narrow-linear or almost filiform pinnce ; sterile por-
tion very hard-coriaceous, pinnate vnth pinnae articulated on a large scntifoi-m
base of the petiole ; or simple but deeply pinnatifid, and when dry readily de-
taching itself from the rachis. Venation as in § Gymnopteris and § Lepto-
chilus.- — (This section corresponds with § Drynaria, among Poli/podiece, and,
our second species especially, with Pol. Meyenianum, Schott, and P. splendens,
Hook.) Gen. Photinopteris, J. Sm.

166. A. (Photinopteris) rigidiim, Wall., Hook.; caudex
repent or scandent paleaceous with elongated brown subulate
fringed scales mixed Avith hair-like ones in age allio-glauces-
cent, stipites short nearly as thick as a wTiting-pen, fronds
li-2-3 feet long broad-lanceolate very hard-coriaceous
glossy pinnate; sterile pinnae long-petiolate distant 3-6
inches and more long broad-ovate acuminate, the apex gene-
rally caudate and curved upwards, venation manifest ele-
vated on both sides, costules subflexuose united by trans-
verse veins into four angled areoles wdiich are again divided
into lesser areoles including branched free clavate veinlets,
petioles articulated on the rachis and dilated into a large or-
bicular scutiform base ; sometimes these sterile pinnsc occupy
the whole frond, more frequently the rachis is suddenly elon-
gated at the apex and bears 1-12-13 distant very contracted
narrow-linear ?iX\(\ fertile pinnae from 5-12 inches long sori-
ferous except on the costa and on the slightly revolute mar-
gin.— JValL Cat. n. 27 (1822). Lomaria speciosa, Bl. Fil.
Jav. p. 202. Photinopteris simplex, ./. -S/w. P. Horsfieldii,
J. Sm. {no description or character). Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 92.
Fr. Moore. Brack. Fee, Acrost. p. 102. t. 63.

Hab. Singapore, Wallich, Cuming, n. 3^3, De Vriese {in Ilerh. nostr.). Java
lilume, Ilorsfield. Mindora and Isle of Bohol, Cuming, n. 352. Labuan, Thos.
Lobb. Luzon, lirackenridge, Cuming, n. 64. Isle of Panay, Cuming, n. 362.
— This magnificent Fern is described by Dr. Wallich as parasitic on the trunks of
trees, and Brackenridge remarks that the very peculiar asjicct which the sterile ])or-
tion of this plant presents is not unlike some scandent >pecies of the genus Ficns.

VOL. v. 2 o

282 PLATYCERIUM.

167. A. (Photinopteris) drynarioides, Hook. ; caudex ?,
stipites very short thick clothed at the base with long slen-
der linear fringed tawny silky sessile scales, fronds 2-4 or
more feet long 8-12 inches broad coriaceous glabrous glossy
broad-lanceolate; sterile fronds acuminate uniformly and
deeply pinnatifid sinuato-lobate at the narrowed base, the
whole when dry easily becomes detached from the rachis
where the texture ispellucido-membranaceous, segments ap-
proximate 5-8 inches long 1 inch and more broad near the
middle oblong acuminate subfalcate, lower ones much shorter
and broader very obtuse, costa deeply furrowed above very
prominent and semiterete beneath, venation as in the prece-
ding species; the fertile fronds have a remarkable prolonga-
tion of the rachis which is pinnated into numerous distant
sessile linear-elongated pinnee 6-8-12-14 inches long dilated
at the very base, wholly soriferous beneath.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula, Sir Wni. Norris. Salomon's Islands, South Pacific,
Milne. — Though it cannot be said that the segments are jointed upon the costa
or rachis, as the pinna: are in the preceding species, yet the whole of the frondose
portion separates (at least when dry) most readily from the costa; so deciduous,
indeed, that it seems hardly possible to preserve the fronds entire.

2. Platycerium, Desv.

(Hook. Gen. Fil. tab. LXX. B. Acrostichum, Siv.
Neuroplatyceros, Pluken. Fee. Alcicornium, Gaudich.)

Sori occupying a portion only of the under side of the
disk of the fertile fronds and forming large, often reniform
patches, frequently at the sinuses of the primary lobes.
Fronds ample, dimorphous, epiphytal, subdistichous, coria-
ceous, increasing, as it were, by new annual fronds super-
imposed upon the old, withered and dead ones; one on each
side ; from between these two fertile, subalcicorniform, fer-
tile fronds arise. — Venation varied, copious, prominent ; costce
numerous, subflabellate ; the rest of the veins forming large
oblong areoles, usually with free, included, simple or forked
veinlets.

1. P. alcicorne, Desv.; sterile fronds spreading sessile
subreniform convex downy when young sinuato-lobate at the
margin eventually brown and persistent, primary veins dicho-
tomously radiating, secondary uniformly reticulated forming

PLATYCERIUM. 283

hexangular areoles with rarely free included veinlets ; fertile
fronds clustered erect narrow elongato-cuneate whitish and
downy beneath 1-3 times dichotomous, segments oblong
acuminate, ultimate ones chiefly soriferous, primary veins
dichotomous parallel elevated, here and there anastomosing
into very elongated areoles which are occupied by lesser ones.
— Desv. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 213. Acrostichum, hw. Sj/n, Fil.
p. 12 (m part). IVilld. Sp. PL v. p. 111. Br. Proilr. Nov.
HoU.p. 145. Gaivl. Bot. Reg. t. 262 and 2G3. Ncuroplaty-
ceros alcicornis, Fee, Acrost. p. 120. Alcicornium vulgare,
Gaudich. Platycerium angustatum, Desv. Turpin, in Did.
Hist. Nat. cum Ic. {very good) .

llab. Considered to l)e abundant in tropical regions of the world, but I fear
other species have ijeen mistaken for it. Blurae records it in Java, but I have
never seen specimens from thence nor from any part of India proper. It abounds
in Australia: New South Wales, Brown, Sieber, Hooker fil., mid others ; Hastings
River, Dr. Beckler, " Tenterlield," lat. 29° S. ; Lord Howe's Island, Milne and
MacyUlivray. Madagascar, ZJobi;*. Johanna l%\dLn{\, Speke, Dr. Kirk (Zambesi
'E.rp.J, llutton (these specimens from Africa have much larger, almost flabelliform
fertile fronds, more compoundly dichotomous, and the areoles of the veins larger).
South America ! : Tarapota, Eastern Peru, Spruce, n. 4729 (fronds larger, seg-
meuts of the fertile ones much elongated). — This, the first species known to our
gardens, is best distinguished by the numerous erect fertile fronds. Its geogra-
phical distribution is imperfectly known ; possibly those who speak of it as in-
habiting Norfolk Island, King George's Sound, Timor, and Ombai, are correct.

2. P. jFthiopicum, Hook. ; fronds ample when young ca-
nescent all over with stellated sessile and pedicellated hairs ;
sterile ones bifarious suborbicular imbricated variously lol)ed
and sinuated subcoriaceo-membranaceous ; fertile fronds pen-
dent carnoso-coriaceous cancscent beneath, shortly petiolate
broad-cuneate bifurcate, segments all divaricating, ultimate
ones sharply acuminate, sorus dark-brown nearly of the
shape of the letter V and usually situated beneath the sinus of
the ultimate fork, venation as in A. alcicorne but the primary
veins are more apart. — Hook. Gurd. Ferns, t. 9. Neuropla-
tyceros /Ethiopicus, Pliik. Almaf/est. p. 151. /. 429./. 2 {you/u/
and very imperfect fertile frond). Fee, Acrost. p. 103. t. G 1
{sterile fronds erect instead of pendent). Acrostichum alci-
corne, Stv. Syn. Fil. p. 12 {in part). Schk. Fil. i. t. 2 {copied
from Plukenet). A. stemaria, Beam. Fl. d'Oware, i. p. 2. t. 2
{sterile fronds represented erect). Platycerium stemaria,
Desv. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 213.

Hab. "/Etliiopia" (/'/«^pne/) ; tropical Africa, East and West, mainland and
islands, frequent on trees. — Extremely variable in the size both of the sterile and
fertile fronds, and in tlic size and form of the masses of fructification.

284 PLATYCERIUM.

3. P. yrande, J. Sra. ; fronds ample bifarious eventually
glabrous ; sterile ones imbricated suborbicular below convex
and irregularly sinuato-lobate elongated dilated upwards,
deeply and mucb laciniated or subdichotomously pinnatifid
with patent and subinflexed segments ; fertile ones geminate
very large broadly cuneate bipartite suddenly narrowed at
the base, the disk soriferous and not produced beyond the
sinus, each partition or primary segment of the frond elon-
gated several times dichotomously divided, segments very
long loriform, ultimate ones obtuse, venation as in the pre-
ceding species but with broader areoles and the free branched
included veinlets more frequent, soriferous mass solitary on
each frond often very large transversely reniformi-ovoid dark-
brown. — /. Sm. in Hook. Joirrn. Bnt. iii. /;. 402. Pr. Hook.
Fit. Exot. t. 86. Acrostichum grande, AU. Ciinn. hi Herb,
nostr. P. biforme, H^ook. Gen. Fit. t. 80. B. {not Bl.). Neu-
roplatyceros grandis, Fee, Acrost. p. 103.

Hab. Singapore, Wallich, 1823. Luzon, Cuming, n. 56. North-east Aus-
tralia, All. Cunningham (1829), Fraser. — It is only of late years that we have
received such specimens of the several species of this magnificent genus, and
that the species have been so successfully cultivated in our Ferneries, as to enable
us to identify them. I am now satisfied that Dr. ^Yallich was the first to detect,
but not to name, the present one, whose fronds have been found to be 5-6 feet
long. The soriferous mass on one of our specimens measures 6 inches in length
and 10 in breadth ; it is solitary on each of the fronds and formed in the primary
sinus of the frond.

4. P. TVallichii, Hook. ; fronds ample bifarious at length
glabrous ; sterile ones imbricated below irregularly sinuato-
lobate above elongated dilated deeply and much . dichoto-
mously pinnatifid, segments patenti-inflexed; /er/z/e fronds
geminate very broadly flabellato-cuneate twice-dichotomous
suddenly narrowed at the base, each pi'imary division or seg-
ment bears a sorus on the disk (hence there are two sori on
each frond) which is semicircular and very much produced
in the sinus itself, the terminal segments beyond the sori-
ferous disk are several times dichotomous and pendent,
venation as in P. p'ande. — Hook, in Gard. Chron. for Oct.
1858. ji. 765, and in Fit. Exot. t. 97- Acrostichum alci-
corne. Wall. Cat. n. 19 {not Linn.).

Hab. Malay Peninsula, on trees : banks of the Irawaddy and of the river
Martaban, Wallich, 1826 and 7, Griffith; Moulmeine, ParzA/t. — In many respects
allied to P. hiforme, where, however, the soriferous disk is an unchanged portion
of the frond, as to its appearance on the upper side ; in P. Wallichii its presence
is indicated in an altered appearance of the upper side of the frond, and it is
protruded, if I may use the expression, so as to be scutiform (forming a semicircle

APPENDIX. 285

or half-shield, an approach to the more distinct shield of P. grande), and this is
convex and rises or inclines upwards at the margin, giving a very peculiar cha-
racter to the fertile fronds. Our specimens all hear two or more rarely three sori
on each of the fronds.

5. P. b'iforme, Bl. ; fronds ample bifarious at length gla-
brous ; sterile ones iml)ricated very thick and corky towards
the base subrotund but very varied in circumscription lobed
and sinuated at the margin coarsely reticulato-venose ; fer-
tile fronds (geminate ?) rather long-stipitate of great size 5-G
and more feet long ! from a subcuneate base repeatedly di-
chotomouSj the segments loriform flaccid and pendent, fer-
tile segments quite different from the rest forming a large
reniform stipitate shield-like receptacle 6-8 inches or more
in diameter wholly soriferous beneath except at the margin.
—BL Fit. Jav. p. 14. t. 18. Pr. J. Sm. Hook, in Gard.
Chron. for 1S5S. /;. 7^4. Neuroplatvceros, Fee, Acrost. p.
104. Acrostichum, ^lo. Syn. Fil. p. 'll2. WiUd. Sp. PL v.
p. 111. A. fuciforme, IFalL Cat. n. 20. Platycerium coro-
narium, Desv.

Hah. Malay Islands: Java, Blurne ; Singapore, IVallich, n. 20; Borneo, Bar-
ber, Motley. Philii)pine Islands, Cuming, n. 15G. Malay Peninsula, Norris.
Mergui, Griffith. — At once recognized by the segment which bears the sorus
being changed into a large, reniform, shield-lii<e receptacle, (luite different from
the rest of the fertile frond ; hence Swartz's name of biforme. Wallich's name
o( fuciforme would be more appropriate, for some of the yonn;; segments of the
fertile fronds much resemble Fnciis nodosus.

APPENDIX.

Omitted under Cyatheace.e, and which should have been placed after
Alsophila, at p. 5G of Vol. I.

Gen. 4. Matonia, Br.
(Hook. Gen. FiL.TAn. XLIII.)

Sort dorsal, solitary at the inferior base of a segment of the
frond, surrounded by a cluster of obscure anastomosing veins,
each of six capsules surrounding the base of a receptacle,
which is prolonged and attached at the summit to a hemi-
spherical, firm-membranaceous, umbrella-shai)ed involucre,
indistinctly six-lobed, inflexed at the margin, and there de-

286 APPENDIX.

ciduous with the receptacle. — Caudex " creeping.'^ Stipites
elongated. Fronds very firm and hard-coriaceous, ample,
fan-shaped, \-\\ foot wide, bipartite, each portion subscor-
poideo-pinnate. Pinnae allsecund, elongate, long-lanceolate, ter-
minal ones gradually smaller, glabrous, often glaucous beneath,
deeply pectinato-pinnatifid nearly to the stout costa, linear,
bluntly acuminate, the margin reflexed. CostvXQ strong. Veins
copious, very close-j)laced, elevated beneath, oblique, dichoto-
mous and free.

1. M. pectinata, Br. in Wall. PI. Asiat. Rar. i. t. 16.

Hab. Malacca, summit of Mount Ophir, Farrpxhar, Walker, w. 21, Sir Wm.
Norris, Griffith, Cuming, n. 383. — Of late years I have received copious speci-
mens of this magnificent and rare Fern, and am satisfied that the genus belongs
to the Cyatheaceous group.

It is with no ordinary feeling- of satisfaction that tlic
Author has brought to a conclusion the five volumes consti-
tuting the 'Species Filicum' (accompanied by 304 plates,
representing 5,22 species), being descriptions of tlic known
Ferns, particularly of such as exist in the author's herbarium,
or are with sufficient accuracy described in works to which
he has had access. This title is further explained in the
preface to the first volume as including —

1. Such species as the author has had the opportunity of
examining himself;

2. Those which have been universally received, and which
his own observations have tended to prove are justly to be
regarded as distinct by references to satisfactory figures ; and

3. A considerable number, of which he has neither seen
figures nor specimens, but which are given upon the authority
of botanists of name and character, though often imperfectly
characterized.

It is just twenty years since the author commenced this la-
borious undertaking,* and during its progress his chief regret
has been that he has, especially in the earlier volumes, intro-
duced so many species merely on the ground of the name and
celebrity of the author, going as far back as Swartz (1806) and
Willdenow (1810), and which still remain in the category of
sjjecies non rite coynitoi. Of late years the number of bad or
dubious species has increased to a most alarming degree, con-
sequently increasing the difficulty of the tyro in determining
the good species ; so that we require to be more guarded
than ever in the selectionof what ought to be maintained and
what discarded. The excellent Dr. Grisebach has prefaced
his account of the genus Hymenophylhim, in his ' Flora of the
British West Indian Islands,' with the remark, " I omit se-
veral West Indian species of HymenopJiyllum and a few of
Trichomanes, named by Dr. Van den Bosch upo7i the same

* The Work was issued in parts, and tlic/rVs/ volume in fonr parts was com-
pleted and issued January 1, 18 IG.

288 CONCLUSION.

materials as I had before me, and published lately after his
death (in the Nederl. Kruidk. Arch., 1863), because, judging
from the descriptions, they are not well founded."

It is indeed well known that there is a tendency among
botanists of the present day to increase the number of species
(and genera too) on insufficient characters; an error often
indeed arising from incomplete specimens, and want of suites
of specimens, which would show the modiiications to which
they are liable.

On the limits of the genera of Ferns, it is needless for me
to remark here. Every author is entitled to entertain his
own views upon the subject. I have endeavoured to main-
tain such as may best preserve the natural grouping of the
species, and be attended with the least difficulty to the work-
ing student.

It was the intention of the Author, as announced in a note
at p. 1 of Vol. I., to have included the OsmundacecB and Ophio-
glossacece (generally arranged among the Pseudo-Filices,
P^Filld.), or anomalous Ferns ; not numerous indeed; but the
fifth volume is sufficiently bulky without them; and the Au-
thor is preparing, if his life and health be spared to him to
accomplish, a volume, to be entitled "Synopsis Filicum,"
with ^rif/" characters of the sections, genera, and species of
Ferns (omitting all really dubious ones), with general habi-
tats, and references, in every instance,for synonyms, more full
locahties and general information, figures, etc., to the pages
of the present Work ; to which will be added all needful
corrections and alterations, also the additional species (not a
few) which have come into the author's possession during
the twenty years this present Work has been in progress ;
and, lastly, including the Schizcsacea, OsmundacecB, Marat-
tiacece, and OpJdoglossacece ; thus constituting a needful sup-
plementary volume to the ' Species Filicum,' and in itself
constituting a handbook, especially useful to ti-avelling pteri-
dologists, who would find it impracticable to carry about with
them so voluminous a Work as the present.

Royal Gardenx, Kew,
Jan. 1, 1SG4.

289

INDEX TO THE PLATES.

ACEOSTICHTJM

tricuspe, Hook., tab. 304.
Gymnogkamme

Borneensis, JIoolc, tab.

301.
decipiens, Metten., tab.

291.
decurrenti-alata, SooJc.,

tab. 294.
gracilis, Hew., tab. 292.
Lobbiana, Hook., tab. 300.
Matbewsii, Hook., tab.

290.
Muelleri, Hook., tab. 295.
obtusifolia, Hook., tab.

299.
podophylla, Hook., tab.

296.
quinata, Hook., tab. 297.
subsimilis, Hook., tab.

293.
subtrifoliata, Hook., tab.

298.
Wallichii, ^00/5-., tab. .302.
Wrightii, Hook., tab. 303.

MONOGRAIIME

daresecarpa, Hook., tab.

288.
Jungbubaii, Hook., tab.

'289.
rostrata, Hook., tab. 288.
subfalcata, Hook., tab.

289.

iS"OTHOCHL:ENA

Aschenhorniana, A'ze.,tab.

287.
Chilensis, Hook., tab. 286.
frasTJHs, Hook., tab. 287.
PoiiUana, X3e., tab. 286.

PoLTrODIUSI

Cbacapoyense,^ooZ:., tab.

281.
fusco-punctatum, Hook.,

285.
Labrusca, Kook., tab. 285.
sinuosum, Wall., tab. 284.
soridens, Hook., tab. 283.
splienodes, Kze.. tab. 282.
subecostatum, Hook., tab.

283.

2 p

291

INDEX.

PACK

PAGB

Abacopteris simplielfolia.

ACUOSTICHUM

Fee. ... .

2

bicuspe, Hook. . .

271

Aconioptei'is longifolia, F

ee

hiforme, Swtz. . . .

285

255

bifurcatuni, Swtz.

209

ohtusa, F^e ....

, 255

blcjjJiaroides, Fee

223

Richardi, Fee . . .

256

Blumeanum, Hook. .

268

snhdiaphana, Pr. . .

256

Blumeanum, Fee . .

220

AcKOSTICHCrSI

Boryanum, Fee . .

210

acrocarpon, 3fart. .

208

hrachyneurum. Fee .

222

ac-uminatum, Hook. .

245

Breutclianum.lLze. ^^2,220

acuminatum, AVilld. .

275

hrunncnm, "Willd.

273

adeuolepis, Kze. . .

238

buxifolium, Kze. . .

243

a^mulum, KJfs. . .

200

Calaguala, Kl. . . .

218

cemulum, Bl. . . .

198

callafoliimi, Bl. . .

196

affine, Ilart. et Gal

.217

calo])liyllum, Kze.

205

alatum, Fee ....

204

canaliculatum, Hook.

247

alhidulum, Cav. . .

111

Canariense, "Willd. .

120

alcicorne, Swtz. . .

283

cardiopbyllum, Hook

.229

alcicorue, "Wall. . .

284

caudatum, Hook. . .

244

alienum, Swtz. . .

272

caudatum, Hook. . .

207

alisnia'tbliura, Fee .

107

caudatum, Cav. . .

273

andicola, Fee . . .

196

ccrviimm, Sn-iz. . .

251.

ancfvlatum^ Schrad. .

199

cicutaria. Hook. .

257

angustaium, Bl. . .

199

ciliare, Tbouars 21 L

, 228

aplttehium, K\. . .

198

ciliatum, Pr. . . .

221

apiifoliuui. Hook. . .

248

citrifolium, Liun. . .

193

apoduni, JCffn. . . .

213

cladorhizans, Spr. .

273

appendiculatum, Willd.

cochlear if vH urn. Fee .

229

251

cocldeatum, Bory . .

241

artieulatum. Hook. .

247

Caenopteris, Kze. . .

256

Aubertii, Be-iv. . .

219

conforme, Swtz. . .

198

aurco-nitens, Hook. .

270

consohrinum, Kze.

200

aurcum, Liini. . . .

2G6

contaminant, AVall. .

261

aureum, Sieb. .

213

cordatum, Thunb.

131

auviromura, Kze. . .

238

coriaceum, "Wall. . .

198

auricula turn. Lam.

258

costaluni, Wall. . .

262

auriluin, Swtz.

257

crinitvim, T/nin.

267

axillaro, Cac. . . .

276

cvinitum, Mart, cl Gal.

BellernianuiaiiuuT, Kl. 2o()

223

292

Fi.GE

ACEOSTICHUM

crispatuliim, Fee . . 228
crispatuhim. Wall. . 261
Cumingii, Fee . . . 1 99
cuspidatum, Willd. . 235
ciirvans, ICze. . . . 236
cylindricum, Sook. . 246
danecefoUum, Langsd.

etFisch. . . .266
decoratxim, Kze. . . 195
decurrens, Benth. . 274
decurrens, Bl. . . . 204
decurrens, Fee . . . 203
didynamum, Fee . . 206
dimorplium, Hook, et

Grev 208

dissimile, Kze.. . . 217
diversifoUum, Bl. . . 259
Domheyamim, Fee . 238
drynarioides, HooTc. . 282
ellipticum, Fee . . 197
elongatum, Kze. . . 236
erinaceum, Fee . .211
erythrolepis, Fee . . 239
Mc&i\\m,Fee . . .217
Feejeense, Hook. . 199
Feei, Bory . . . _ . 222
Finlaysoniannin, W al. 258
flabellatuni, H. B. K 252
flahellatum, var. ^,

Kze 253

flaccidum, Fee . . . 204
ilagelliferum, Wall . 258
Jlavens, Swtz. . . . 146
fiuviatile, Hook. . . 274
foeniculaceum, HooTc. 253
fceniculaceum, Hook.

et Grev. . . . 252
formosum, Pr. . . . 266
fraxinifolium, Brack. 266
fraxinifolium, Pr. . 263
fuciforme. Wall. . . 285
fuhmm, Mart, et Gal. 240
Funckii, Fee . . .205
furcatum, Swtz. . . 122
Gaboonense, Hook. . 270
Gardoeri, J^ee . . .233
Gayanum, Fee . . 198
gldhellum, Kl. . . .218
glahratum, Metten. . 199
qlandulosum, Hook.

etGrcv. . . .199

PAGE

ACEOSTICHUM

gorgoneum, Klfs. . 254
Gorgoneum, Bl. . . 199
grande. All. Cunn. . 284
Ilamiltonianum,^^ &\. 251
Harlandii, Hook. . . 274
Hartwegii, Fee . . 230
hastatum, Thunb. . 44
Jiastatum, Liebm. . . 273
Herminieri, Bory . 216
lieteroclitiim, Pr. . . 259
beterolepis, Fee . . 234
beteromorplium, KL 224
heterophyllum, Linn. 190
Heudelotii, Bory . . 264
hirtum, Swtz. . . . 240
horridulum., Klfs. . 228
hybridum, Bory . . 210
Hystrix, Kze. . . .212
impressum. FSe . . 201
incBquale,y^\M. . . 266
incisum, Hook. . . 245
intermedium, Bory . 251
Jamesoiii, Hook, et

Grev 227

Jamesoni, Yar.0,obtfi-

satum, Hook. 227, 228
Jamesoni, var. y, hor-

ridulum. Hook. . 228
Jamesoni, var. S, spa-

thulatum,. Hook. 228
jnglandifolium, Klfs. 266
Klotzsc'hii, Moritz . 219
laminarioides, Bory . 235
lanceolatum. Hook. . 276
Langsdorffii, Hook, et

Grev 234

latifolium, Sivtz. . , . 202
latifoUum, Sieb. . . 197
latifolium, Swtz. . . 198
latifolium, Kze. . . 201
lanrifolium, Hook. . 250
laurifoliujii, Tliouars 198
Leclilerianuni, Hook. 246
Lechlerianum, Metten.

204
Lepervanchii, Bory . 206
lepidotum, Willd. . 238
leptophyllum, Fe'e . 218
leptophyllum, De Caud.

136
Lindeuii, Bory . . 223

293

PAGE

ACROSTICnUM

lineare, Fee .... 221
linearifolixm, Pr. . 254
Z/«(/Ka, Kaddi . . . 202
Lingua, Thunb. . . 49
Linuaeanum, Hook. . 278
License, Hook. . . 229
lomarioides, Bory . . 242
loncophorum, Kze. . 260
longitblium, Jacq. . 255
longifoliiun, Jacq. . 202
hiridiim, Eee . . . 201
niacropodium, Fee . 198
Manuifce, Linn. . . 120
viarginatiim, Scbk. . 2G0
marginatum. Wall. . 199
Martinicense, Desv. . 218
Mathewsii, Fee . . 230
melanosticluin, Bl. . 215
Meridcnsc, Kl. . . 240
Meyeriaiium, Hook. . 250
micradenium, Fee . 215
minus, Metten. . . 277
minutura, Pohl . . 208
3Iorifzianum, Kl. . 225
muscosum, Stotz. . . 231
mtiscosum, Kze. • . 233
nanum, Hook. . . . 249
neriifoUum, Wall. . 220
nicotiaua; foil urn, Sictz. 275
nigrescens, Hook. . 214
luvettm, Dcsv. . . .111
nivosum, Kze. . . . 222
JXorrisii, Hook. . .215
notatuni. Fee . . . 206
nudum. Fee .... 204
nummularicefolium,, Swtz.
54
nutans. Hook. . . . 244
obductuni, Klfs. . . 237
ohliquum, Bl. . . . 266
ohlongum, Desv. . . 198
ohovatum, Bl. . . . 54
ohtusatum, Cann. . . 228
obtusi folium, Brack. 204
obiusifolium, Willd. . 204
ohtusifoJium. J. Sm. . 199
Orbignyanum, F^e . 233
osmundacouni, Hook. 246
ovatum, Hook. . . 228
oj-i/p/ii/flnni, Broil gn. 201
pacbydcrmum. Frc . 221

AcnosTicnuM

pacbypbyllum, Kze. . 267
parhi/phi/Uum, Eaton 196
pachi/phyllum., Kl. . 201
■paleaceum. Hook, ct

Grev. . . . . 240
palustre, Hook. . . 214
pandurifolium, Hook. 271
peltatum, Si':tz. . . 252
perclegans. Fee . . 232
petiolatum, Swtz. . 220
petiolosnm, Dew. . 207
piloselloides, Pr. . . 227
pilosum, H. B. . . 241
plafi/neurum. Fee . 213
platyrbyuchos, Hook. 280
Plumieri, Fe- . . .226
plumosum, Fee . . 232
p)lumosum, IMotten. . 231
podotrichum,T)e&y. . 213
poly])byllam, Hook. . 243
polyphyllum. Hook. . 269
Partoricense, Spr. . 273
pra3stantissimum, Bory

269
Preslianum, Fee . . 220
Presliauum, Hook. . 265
procurrens, Metten. . 226
prolifernm, Bl. . . 260
proliferum, Hook. . 261
pteroides, Br. . . . 279
pumilum, Mart, et Gal.

227
punctulatum, Linn. . 258
piinctulatum, Pr. . . 265
quercifolium, Retz. . 279
Qiioyanum, Gaud. . 259
Eaddianum, Xze. . . 264
JRaddianum, Hook, et

Grev 228

)-ainosis.s/inu>n, Fee . 228
ropanduni, ///. . . . 260
Ivequionianuni. Gaud. 269
reticulatum, A7/v. . 267
rhahdoJepis, Fee . . 228
Kitbardi, Bory . . 256

rigcns, Pr 266

rigidum, Wall. . . 281
rivularc, Hook. . . 263
riv.ulare, AVall.^ . . 277
rubiginosum. Fee . 222
>•([/«, Linn 145

J94

ACEOSTICHUM

rrifescens, Liebm. . . 240
salicifoUum, Klfs. . 220
salicinum, Hoolc. . . 265
Sartorii, Liebm. . . 203
scalpellum, Mart. . 200
scandeus, JBory -. . 202
seandens, J. Sm. . . 249
scandens, Eaddi . . 264
Schiedei, Kze. . . .222
SvhUmense, Fee . . 202
Schomburgtii, Fee . 200
scolopendrifolium, Eaddi

211
semipinnatifidum, Hool-.

273
serratifoliiim, Mert. . 263
setosum. Wall. . . . 251
setosum, Liebm. . . 225
setosum, var. /3, Pcej)-

pigi anum, Jjiehm. 225
Sieberi, MooJc. et Grev.

197
simplex, Stvtz. . . . 205
sinuatum, Swtz. . . 108
sorbifolium, Linn. . 241
spatJiulatum, Bory . 228
spathullnum, Raddi . 228
speciosum, Willd. . . 266
spliosnopliyllum, Kze. 253
spicatum, Linn. . ; 280
sp)le7idem, Bory . . 240
squamipes, HooTc. . 228
squamosum, S^wtz. . 239
squarrosum, JlI. . . 224
stemaria. Beauv. . . 283
stenopteris, Kl. . . 213
stigmatolepis, Fee . 216
stipitatum, Bory . . 207
strictum, Eaddi . . 225
suhcrenatum. Hook, et

Grev 261

subdiaphanum, Hooh.

et Grev. . . .255
subrepandum, HooJc. 275
succissefolium, P. Th. 241
taccapfolium, Hook. . 278
Tambillense, Hook: . 207
tartareum, Swtz. . . 148
tenellum, Desv. . . 222
tcreticaule, Desv. . 112
terminans. Wall. . . 261

ACBOSTICHUM

Tovarense, Metteu. . 203
trajicefolium, L'Her. 223
tricuspe, Rook. . . 272
trifoliatum, Linn. . 149
trinerve. Hook. . . 271
tripartitum, Hook, et

Grev 253

umhrosum, Liebm. . 273
undulatum, Willd. . 212
tmituni, Bory . . .217
variabile, Hooh. . . 277
Yespertilio, Hook. . 272
vestitum, Seklecht. . 240
vestitum, Hook, et Grev.

240
viUosum, <Sro/-. . . 225
villosum, Kze. . . . 225
villosum, Sieb. . . 211
vireus, Wall. . . .261
viviparum, Wall. . .251
Aoscosum, Swtz. . . 220
Wagneri, Kze. . . 232
Webbii, Fee . . . 227
Wilkesianum, Hook. 247
Wiqhtianum. Pr. . . 266
Wr\g\xi\\, Metten. . 195
Yapurense, Mart. . 242

AglaomorphaMeyeniantim,

Schott .... 94

Aqramme paradoxa,Fee . 209

Alcicorniumvulffare,Gaud. 283

Allosorus farinosus, Kze. 149
imhricatus, Pr. . . 106

Ampelopteris elegans, Kze. 14
firma, 'Kze 14

Anapiausia acuminata, Willd.
275
aliena, Moore . . . 273
hicuspe, Moore . . 271
Heudelottii, Moore . 264
nicotiancEfolia, Pr. . 275
semipinnatifida, Moore

274
Vespertilio, Moore . 272

Anetium citrifolium, Splitg.

193
crinitum, Pr. . . . 267
Sprucei, Moore . .193

Anogramme chcBrophylla, Lk.
137
leptophylla, Lk. . . 136

295

Anorjramme

IScli^>mhurg]ciana, Foe 127

Antrophyum

a/afum, Brack. . . 1(58

aiigustatuni. Brack. . 170

ai-eniuiii, Bl. . . . 15(5

Blumei, Bl 187

Boryanum, Klfs. . . 172

J3ori/anum, Bl. . . 172

Brookei, Hook. . .175

calla)folium, C^. . . 1'j7

callipfoUum, Bl. . . 1()9

Caj^enueiise, KJfu. . 171

Ccii/oniciiA-c, Eze. . . 171

citrifoliiim, Fee . . 193

coriaceum, Wall. . . 1G9

coi'iaceum. Wall. . . 1G9

Cumingii, Fee . . . 1G7

Cnmincfii, Moore . . 175

discoideum, Kze. . . 171

D' Urvillm, Bory . 1(58

elongatum, Fee . . 1(18

enaiforrae, Hook. . . 174

falcatum, BL . . . 169
falcatum, Mart. et Gal. 175

Feci, 8cliafl'ii. . . . 176

flavescens, Bl. . . . 156

Galeottii, Fee . . . 175

giganteum, Bory . . 174

Hookeriamim, Fee . 171

involutiun, Bl. . . . 156

lanccolatum, Klfs. . 176

l.aiiceiilatum, Bl. . .156

latifoliuiii, Bl. . . . 172

latifoliuvi. J. Sni. . 167

latipes, Kze. . . . 173

Lessoni, Bon/ . . . 168

lineatum, Klfs. . .175

Mannianuni, Hovk. . 173
uanum, Fee .... 169

niphoboloides, Kze. . 174

viphohuloides^TL-AC. . 45

ohtiisum, Klfs . . .173

vhtusiuu, Bl. . . . 169

parvxilum, Bl. . . . 170

purvulum, (i, Bl. . . 168
j^endulum, Le'Pncur . 193

plantagineum, Klfs-. . 170

plaiitaginmm, Bl. . . 168
plantaqineum, b, Moore

168

plicatuni. Fee . . . 1(59

Antrophyum

pumilum, Klfs. . . 170
reticulatum, Klfs. . 169
retieulalum. Wall. . 168
reticidalum, y, Moore 167
semicostatum, Bl. . 168
spatJiulaium, Fee . . 171
Sprucei, Moore . . 193
subfalcatum, Brack. . 175
subsessile, Kze. . . 171

Apalophlebia costata, Pr. 50
splendens, Pr. ... 52

Aspidium acuminatum, Eaddi
245
membranaceum, Hook.

105
meniscioides, Wilkl. . 257
Blumei, IMetteu. . . 2
draconopterum, Eaton 86
irregulare, Bl. . . . 102
meiiisciicarpum, Bl. . 87
microcarpum, Bl. . . 67
pennigerum, Swtz. . 8
repandum, 331. . . . 10
reptans, var., Metten. 6
saxicola, Bl. . . . 102
simplicifolinm. Hook. 2

Asjylenium altcrum. Plum. 2
cheilanthoides, P. Tli. 136
ciliatum, Pr. . . . 138
crisjmm, Plum. . . 2
furcatum, Swtz. . . 122
leptopliiilhim. Cav. . 136
propvndens. Plum. . 2
svrhifolium,\^'-A\i\. . 166
tomentosum. Lam. . 144

Blechnum seminudum, Willtl.

124
Bolhitis sen'atifolia, Schott

263

termiiians, Schott . 2(51

virens, Schott . . .2(51

Boicringia insignis. Hook. 162

Brainea

insignis. Hook. . . 162

CalUpferis vittaformis, J.

Sm 154

Callogramme Ccecilice, ¥6e 155
Ca HI pa /i n le u ro » la ti ciform c.

Pr. ..... 41

296

Campium costatum, Pr. . 262
crispatulum, Pr. . . 261
proliferum, Pr. . . 261
punctulatiim, Pr. . . 265
undulatum, Pr. . . 263
virens, Pr 261

Campyloneuron angustifo-

Hum, J. Sm. . . 40
crispum, Fee ... 39
Cubense, Fee ... 42
deourrens, Pr. ... 43

fasdale, Pr 41

Fendleri, Moore . . 42
lanciforme, Pr. . . 41
latum, Moore ... 38
lucidum, Moore . . 41
macrosorum, Fee . . 38
magnificum, Moore . 43
minus, Fee .... 42
Moritzianum, Fee . 38
nitidum, J. Sm. . . 38
Phyllitidis,'Pv. . . 38
polyanthum, Pr . . 39

repens, Pr 39

rigidum, J. Sm. . . 41
Sieherianum, Pr. . . 38
spkenodes, Kze. . . 42
undulaUim, Pr. . . 38

Ceropteris calomelanus, Lk.

148
disfans, Fee . . . 148
monosticha. Fee . .111
Peruviana, Lk. . . 149
tartarea, Lk. . . . 148

Ceterach aspidioides, Willd.

132
Capensis, Kze. . . 131
crenata, Klfs. . . . 131
lohatum, Pr. . . . 144
MarantcB, De Cand. . 120
papaverifolia, Metten.

137, 138
pedunculata. Hook, et

Grev. . . . . 161
polypodioides, Eaddi . 140
rutcefolia, Metten. . 137

Cheilanthesajffinis, Metten. 109
Aschenhorniana, Metten.

117
cawc^ic^a, Mart, et Gal. Ill
dealbata,'^\iit. . . 113
densa, Fee .... 119

PAGE

Cheilanthes

distans, Metten. . . 115
EcMoniana, Metten. 117
ferruginea, Willd. . 108
hirsuta, Metten. . .116
liispidula, Metten. . 116
hypoleuca, Kze. . . 110
imbricata, Desv. . . 106
incBqualis, Metten. . 118
Javanica, Kze. . . 116

mollis, Vv 120

Moluccana, Bl. . .116
monosticha, Metten. . Ill
PoAZ/rtna. Metten. . 118
tenuifolia, Kze. . . 116
trichomanoides, Metten.

109

Cheilolepton Slumeanum, Fee
268

Cheiropleuria Vespertilio, Pr.
272

Chrusodium alienum, Metten.
273
Cayennense, Fee . . 266
crinitum, Metten. . 267
I>'UrviUei,¥ee . . 266
fraxinifolium, Fee . 266
hirsutum. Fee . . . 266
nicotiancefolium, Metten.

275
sculpturatum, Fee . 266
vulgare. Fee . . . 266

Chrysopteris aurea, Lk. . 16
Billardieri, Lk. . . 83
decumana. Fee . . 17
longipes, Lk. ... 83
peltideum, Lk. ... 83
sporadocarpa, Lk. . 16
terminalis, Lk. . . 83

Cincinalis Chilensis, Fee. 113
flavens. Fee .... 146
hirsuta, Desv. . . .116
nivea, Desv. . . . Ill
tenera, Desv. . . . 112
trichomanoides, Desv. 109

Cochlidium graminoides, Klfs.
122

Colysis hemionitidea, Pr. . 73

' macrophylla, Pr. . . 159

marginata, Pr. . . 159

membranacea, Pr. . 159

pothifolia, Pr. . . . 161

295

PAGK

Coniogramme Javanica, Fco

115

Craspedaria cahia. Fee . 3 7
Gesfasiai/n. F(k> . . 31
nniiiiiii(/arl(f, Foe . . 37
jjilvscUuidcs, Fee . . 3-1
vacciniifolia, Lk. . . 35

Crypsinus nummular'ms,Vv. 37

Ctcenopto'iso'ispatum, J. Sm. 1

Cuspidaria accedens, Fee . GO
f ID-cat a, Fee . . . 188
semipinnatifida. Fee . 188

Cyclophorus acroslichoides,

Pr. . . . . . 44

adnascens, Swtz. . . 47
albicans, Pr. . . .51

glaher, DesF. ... 44

porosus, Pr. ... 48

spissus, Desv. ... 48

Cyrtoyonium costatum,

J. Sm 2(52

crinpniitlnm,^. Sm. . 2()1
dircrsiloJiiiDi, J. Sm. 259
Jl.(<frlilfL'n(m,3. Sm. . 259
l((ri)/latuiu, J. Sm. . 2()0
IJdhistrc, Brack. . . 2(50
puiirtulatuDi, J. Sm. . 258
repanduni, J. Sm. . . 260
rivtdare. Brack. . . 263
sinuosum, J. Sm. . . 260
undulatwn, J. Sm. . 263
vivevs, J. Sm. . . . 261

CyrtophJeh'mm anc/itstifo-

lium, J. Sm. . . 40
ccespitosum, Lk. . . 39
decurrens J. Sm. . . 43
PhylUtidis, J. Sm. . 38
repens, J. Sm. ... 39

Darea furcana, Bory . . 2D9
Davallia achillcei folia, AVall.

250
Dendroglossa Linnceana, Fee
278
quercifolia. Fee . . 279
Diblemma Samarensis,

J. Sm 60

Diclidopieris angHstissima,

Brack 121

DicranoglossumfiircatKm,

■ J. Sm 188

Dicfymia lanccnlala, J.Sm. 58

PAGR

Dictyocline Griffithii, Moore
193

Dicti/oqlotisiim crinilmn,

■ ■ J. Sm 267

JJicfi/ocjramme Jap)onica, Pr.

151
pinnata, Moore . . 152

Dictyopteris aitcnuaia, Pr. 58
Brongniartii, Bory . 103
Camingiana, Pr. . . 103
Cunninghami, Hook. 59
difforme, Moore . . 102
irregulare, Pr. . . . 102
lanceolata, J. Sm. . 59
macrodonta, J. Sm. . 103
peirophyum, Bl. . . 102

Digrammaria amhigua, Pr.

150

Diplazium alismcpfolia, Pr. 155
falcatum, Dou . . . 145
fraxiiieuin, Don . . 145

Dipteris Horsjieldii, Reinw.

100
Lobhiana, Moore . . 100
Wallichii, Moore . . 99

Dktmoglossum

caruosum, Sooh. . .189
ellipticum, Moore . . 190
lanceolatuiii, J. Sm. . 186
piloselloides, Pr. . . 190
rigidum, Hook. . . 190
subcordatum, Fee . . 189

Drynaria acuminata. Brack.

66,85
«#««,. J. Sm. ... 84
alata. Brack. ... 86
Billardieri, J. Sm. . 82
capitellata, J. Sm. . 90
coronans, J. Sm. . . 95
crassifolium, J. Sm. . 63
CHspidiJtora. J. Sm. . 66
decurrens, Brack. . . 78
dirersifolia, J. Sm. . 98
dubia, J. Sm. ... 75
elongata. Fee . . . 157
elungata. Brack. . . 57
geminata, J. Sm. . . 36
glauca, J. Sm. ... 89
hemionitidea, J. Sm. . 73
JEeracleum, ^. Sm. . 94
Homficldii. J. Sm. . 100
iridioidex, J. Sm. . . iM
'2 Q

296

PA.OB

Drynaria

leiorhizon, J. Sm. . . 92

lomarioides, J. Sm. . 76

longifrons, Fee ... 70
long is si ma, J. Sm. 68, 81

loriforme. Fee ... 57

lycopodioides. Fee . 34

maximum, Brack. . . 84
menisciicarpon, J. Sm. 87

neglecta, J. Sm. . . 37

normale, J. Sm. . . 70

oodes, Fee .... 72
palmata, J. Sm. . 78, 89

percussa. Fee ... 56

persicaricefolia. Fee . 55

phymatodes. Fee . . 83

pinnata. Fee ... 98
Prieurii, Fee . . . 157

propinqua, J. Sm. . 97

Proustiana, Gaud. . 94

pustulata, J. Sm. . 80

quereifolia, J. Sm. . 96

revoluta, J. Sm. . . 60

ruhida, J. Sm. ... 81

rupestre, J. Sm. . . 64

Schomhurghii, Fee . 69

spectrum, J, Sm. . . 74

stenoloma. Fee ... 76

stenophylla, J. Sm. . 66

suhfalcata, J. Sm. . 72

teyiuior, J. Sm. . . 60

torulosa,Yee ... 76

tridactylon. Fee . . 75

undulata, Metten. . 72

vulgaris, J. Sm. . . 83

WaUir/iii, J. Sm. , . 99

Dry omen is men isciicarpon ,

Moore .... 87

Phymatodes, Fee . . 87

Dryostachyum jnlosiim,

J. Sm 96

splendens, J. Sm. . . 96

JEgenolfia Hamiltoniana,

Schott .... 251
Elaphoglossumacrocarpon,

Moore .... 208
cemulum, Brack. 199, 200
affine, Moore . . .217
alatum, Moore . .205
alismcefoliuin, Moore 197
ang alatum, Moore . 199

PASS

Elaplioglossum.

apodum, Schott . . 213
Auhertii, Moore . . 219
auricomum, Moore . 239
Bellermannianum, Moore

237
Blumeanum, J. Sm. . 220
Boryanum, Moore . 210
Calaguala, Moore . 219
callafolium, Moore . 196
calophyllum, Moore . 205
cardiaphyllum, Moore 229
caudatum, Moore . . 207
cocldearifolium, Moore

229
conforme, Moore . . 198
crinitum, Moore . . 223
curvans, Moore . . 236
cuspidatum, Mooi'e . 235
decoratum, Moore . 195
decurrens, Moore . . 203
dimorphum, Moore . 209
dissimile, Moore . . 217
ellipiicum, Moore . 197
elongatum, Moore . 286
erinaceum, Moore . 212
Fe'ei, Moore . . . 223
Feejeense, Brack. . . 200
Jlaccidum, Moore . . 204
Q-ardneri, Moore . . 233
glabellum, J. Sm. . . 218
Hartioegii, Moore . 230
heteromorphum, Moore

horridulum, Klfs. .
hyhridum, Moore .
Hystrix, Moore .
intermediu7n. Brack.

224
228
211
212
233

laminarioides, Moore 235
latifolium, Moore . . 201
latifolium, J. Sm. . . 205
lepidotum, Moore . . 238
leptophyllum, Moore . 218
Lindeni, Moore . . 223
lineare, Moore . . . 222
Langsdorffii, Moore . 235
longifolium, J. Sm. . 202
macropodium, Moore . 198
Martinicense, Moore 218
Mathewsii, Moore . 230
micradenium, Moore . 216
Moritzianum, Moore 225

297

Elap h Off loss urn

ti/Hscosum, J. Sm. . . 231
nitiihou. Brack. . . 21G
ohdtsifolium. Brack. . 201)
ohtnsifoUum, J. Sm. . 203
Orbi(/)ii/aintm, Moore 233
ovatum, Moore . . 228
pachydernium, Moore 221
perek'(ia)is, Moore . 232
pilvsclloidcs, Moore . 227
pilosum, Moore . . 241
Plnmicri, Moore . . 226
plumosum, Moore . 232
PresUamim, Moore . 221
procurrens, Moore . 226
ramosissimum, Moore 228
reticulaium. Gaud. . 267
r/iabdohpi-'^-, Moore . 228
scandcns, Moore . . 202
Schiedei, Moore . . 222
SchombiuHjkii, Moore 201
scolopcndri folium, Moore

211
Sieheri, Moore . . . 197
simplex, J. Sm. . . 204
simplex, Schott . . 205
spleudcns, Brack. . .210
squamipes, Moore . 229
squamosum, J. Sm. . 210
squarrosum, Moore . 224
ste)ioptevis, Moore . 214
sticjmatolepis, JMoore 216
striatum, Moore . . 225
tectum, JMoore . . 222
irajicrfolium, Moore . 223
tcndulafum, Moore . 212
vest Hum, Schott . . 240
villosuvi, Moore . . 225
viscosum^ Schott . . 220
Wright a, Moore . .196

Eriosorus Ruizianus, Fee 130

Galeoglossa nummularicc-

folia, Pr. . . . 54

obovafa, Pr. ... 54

rotundifolia, Pr. . , 54
Glyphotccidum crispatum,

J. Sm 1

Goniophlchium a/iqusiijo-

lium. Brack. . . 40

angustifolium. Fee . 40

arc/utum, J. Sm. . . 32

Goniophlchium

Cathariyice, J. Sm.

chnoodes. Fee . .

cusjjidatum, Pr. .

dissimile, Lowe

dislaiis, J. Sm.

elatum. Fee . .

ensiforme. Foe . .
fraxinifolium^ Jacq.

guatemalense, J. Sm

loriceum. Fee . .

meiiisciifolium, J. Sm.

11 am ID ularium, Moore

plectokpis,, Moore

Pleopeltis, Fee

piloselloides, J. Sm.

serratifolium, Brack

suhauriculatum, DeV

trcDislueens, Fee

trilobum, Moore

■vaceiniifolium, J. Sm

verrucosum, J. Sm.

Villemiiiianum, Fee
Goniopteris aspera, Pr.

aspera, J. Sm. . .

asterothrix, Fee .

harbata, Fee . .

costata. Brack.

crenata, Pr. . .

erispaid, Moore
Jraxinifolia, j*r. .

(/landulifera. Brack.

longissima, Brack.

patens. Fee . . .

pennigera, J. Sm.

prolifera, Pr. . .

rep tans, Pr. . .

rubida, J. Sm.

sylvatica, Papj)e .

tetragona, Pr. . .

■urophyllum^ Pr. .
Grammitis acuminata, AV

ajfints, Wall . .
Ascensionis, Hook.
asplenioides,, Pr. .
aurita, Moore . .
Cauda ta, "Wall-
caudiformls. Hook.
chcilanthoides. Swtz.
cordata, Swtz. . .
coriacea, Klfs. .

20
26
32
26
26
24
23
26
29
21
28
37
30
33
34
33
33
22
23
35
31
20
9
11
6
11
7
3
2
4
9
7
5
8
13
6
12
5
3
9
all.
156
145
137
132
142
145
158
135
131
156

298

Grammitis

cuspidata, Zenk. . . 156
decurrens, Bl. ... 60
decurrens. Wall. . .161
diversifoUa. AVall. . 159
Jlavescens,'W?i\\. . .156
Jlexuosa, H. B. K. . 129
furcata, Swtz. . . . 122
heterocarpa. Bl. . . 160
Hewardii, Moore . 139
H-hpanka, Cosson . 137
inrolufa, Don . . . 156
lanceolata, Swtz. . . 156
lanceolata, Schk. . . 157
leptopJiylla, Swtz. . 136
Linhiana, Pr. . . . 140
longifoUa,^. ... 60
macrophylla. Wall. . 156
macrophylla, Bl. . . 159
membranacea, Bl. . 159
polypodioules, Pr. . 140
^rocera, Wall. . . . 145
revoluta, Willd. . . 56
rntcpfolia, Br. . . . 137
Salvlnii, Hook. . . 157
scoJopendrina, Bory . 156
squtniiuJosa, Splitg. . 157
vest it a. Wall. . '. . 143
volcanica, Bl. . . . 159
GrTMNOGEAMME

alismsefolia, HooTc. . 154
ambigua, Hook. . . 150
appendiculata, Klfs. . 251
arborescens,T)eVY\es,Q 143
Ascensionis, Hook. . 137
aspidioides, Hook. . 150
aspidi aides, Bl. . .139
aspidioides, Klfs. . . 132
asplenioides, Ktfs. . 132
aureo-nitens, Hook. . 180
aurita, Hook. . . . 141
bifiircatiu Kze. . . 209
Borneensis, Hook. . 154
calomelanos, AV/i. . ]4S
cancscens, Bl. ... 2
eaudiformis, Hook. . 157
cliaerophylla, De-w. . 136
clieilanthoides, Xlfs. . 135
cheilantkoides, Metten.

135
Chilemis, Brack. . . 138
clirysophylla, Klfs. . 148

Gymnogeamme

conspersa, Kze. . .147
cordata, Schlecht. . .131
dealhata, Lk. . . . 148
dealhata, '^wit. . .113
decipiens, Metten. . 132
decurrens, Hook. . .161
decurrenti-alata, Hook.

142
elongata, Hook. . . 135
elongata, Siutz. . . 157
Feei, Hook. . . .158
ferruginea, Kze . . 130
filipendulcEfolia, Desy.

136
flabellata, Hook. . .134
flavens, Klfs. . . . 146
flavens, Klfs. . . . 112
flexuosa, Desv. . . 129
glandulosa, Karst. . 133
gracilis, Hetv. . . . 139
Guiavensis, Kl. . . 149
Hamiltoniana, IVall. 160
Leterocarpa, Bl. . .160
liispidula, Kl. . . . 133
imbricata, Kl. . . . 106
incisa, Mart, et Lind. 134

iuvoluta, Don .
Japonica, Desv.
Javanica, Bl. .

155
151
145

lanata, Kl 130

lanceolata, Swtz. .
laserpitiifolia, Kze.
leptophylla, Desv.
Linkiana, Kze. .
Lobbiana, Hook. .

156
133
136
140
153

Lowei, Hook, et Grev. 139
macrophylla, Bl. . .
Mar ant (B, Metten. .
marginata, Metten. .
Mattbewsii, Hook. .
membranacea, Bl.
micropbylla. Hook. .
mohriseformis, Metten.

mollissima. Fisch . .

Muelleri, Hook. . .

myriopliylla, Swtz. .
Namaquensis, Pappe

nivea, Metten. . . .

obtvisata, Bl. . . .
obtvisifolia, Hook.

159
120
127
128
159
129

128
139
143
134
130
111
143
153

2<jy

Gymnogkamme

opaca, Spr 1 13

oruithopteris, Kl. . . Ill)

Ottonis, Kl. . . . riS

papaverifolia, Kze. . 138
pedata, Klfs. . . .131

JPeruviana, Desv. . 119

pilosa, Mart, el Gal. . 141

pilosa, Brack. . . . 115

pilosa, Kl 133

pinnata. Hook. . .151

podophylla, lloolc. . 152

pol^'podioides, Spr. . 139

poUjpod'widex, Lk. . 110

pulchella, Moore . . 117
pumila, Spr. . . .12(5

quiuata, Hook. . . 152

refracta, Kze. . . . 130

reniformis, Mart. . 12fi

retrofracta, Grev. . 12!)

rosea, Herb. Paris . 137

rufa, Desv 145

Buiziana, Kl. .
rupestris, Kze.
rutaefolia, Hook, et Gr

Salvinii, Hook. . .
serrulata, Bl. . . .
sinuata, Pr. . . .
speelaljili.s, Ki. . .
Stegnogramme, Bi. .
subglundulosum. Hook

135
140

137
157
145
108
134
150

etGrev. . . .137
subsiniihs, Hook. . . 142
siilphurea, Desv. . . 147
subtrifoliata, Hook. . 152
tartarea, Desv. . .148
tomeutosa, Desv. . . 144
Totta, ScJilccht. . . 138
triangularis, Klfs. . 146
trifoliata, Desr. . . 149

nnita. Kze 5

ve.stita, Hook. . . . 143
vittreformis, Ifook. . 154
Wallichii, Hook. . .155
Wrightii, Hook. . .100
Gymnopteris acuminata,

Willd 275

aliena, Pr 273

axillare, Pr. . . . 270
decHrrens, Hook. 274, 277
Hcndelotii. Bory . . 204

G i/mnopteris

minus. Hook. . . .277
nicotiancefolia, Pr. . 275
normalis, J. Sm. . . 277
pandxrifolia. Hook. . 271
platyrhynehos, J. Sm. 281
semi pin natifida, Fee . 274

spicata, Pr 280

suhrepandum, J. Sm. 276
subsimplex. Fee . . 276
Vespertilio, Hook. . 272

Gyrosoriwm acrostichoides,

Pr 44

africanum, Pr. . . 46

Haplopteris scolo)}eiid rina,

Pr. . . . . .177

Hecisfopteris pumila , J. Sm.

127

Hkmionitis

Blumeana, Pr. . . .172
Boryana, Willd. . . 172
Brasiliana, Desv. . 171
Cayennensis, Desv. . 172
chcErophylla, Poir. . 137
citri folia, Hook. . .193
cordata, Ro.rh. . . . 192
cordifoUa,Gvm. . . 192
coriacca, Don . . . 109
elonqala. Brack. . . 152
Griffithii, ifoo^-. . . 192
immersa, Bory . . . 170
Japonica, Thunb. . . 151
lauceolata. Hook. . . 191
lauceolata, Linn. . . 176
latifolia, Bl. . . . 172
lepitophylla. Lag. . .130
lineata, Swtz. . . . 175
ohtusa, Bory . . . 173
opaca, Don .... 143

palmata, L 192

parasitica, Liun. . . 193
pedata, Swtz. . . . 132
plantaginea, Cav. . . 170
pothi folia, Don . .101

Fozoi, Lag 137

pumila, Pr 171

reticulata, Forst. . . 109
reticulata, Borv . . 172
reticulata, Kaddi . . 172

rufa, Swtz 145

sagittata. Fee . . . 192

300

Hemionitis

semicostata, Pr. . . 168
spathulata, Pr. . . 193
tartarea, Willd. . . 148
tomentosa, Eaddi . . 144
trifoliata, H. B. K. . 149
Wilfordii, Hook. . . 193

Heterogonium aspidioides,

Pr 151

Heteroneuron argutum, Fee

260
diversifoUum, Fee . 259
f.agelliferum,Yee. . 259
HooJcerianum, Fee . 261
loncophorum. Fee . . 260
Presliamtm, Fee . . 265
p>unctulatum. Fee . . 258
Quoyanum, Fee . . 260
Raddianum, Fee . . 264
repandnm. Fee . . 260
sculpturatum. Fee . 263
serratifolnim , Fee . 263
sinuosum., Fee . . . 260
virens. Fee .... 261

Hymejiodium crassifoUum,

Fee .... . 267
crinitum, Fee . . . 267
Kunzeanum, Fee . . 268
pachyphyllum, Moore 268
reticulatiim, Moore . 267

Symenolepis ophioglossoides,

Klfs. • ... 280
revoluta, Bl. ... 280

spicata, Pr 280

validinervis, Kze. . 280

Jamesonia

JBogotensis.

Karst.
canescens, Kze.
cheilanthioides. Fee
cinnamomea, Kze.
liispidula, Kze.
imbricata, HooJc. et Grev.

106
nivea, Karst. .
pulclieUa. Hook.
rohusta, Karst.
roiundifolia, Fee
scalar is, Kze. .
verticalis, Kze.

. 106
. 106
. 135
. 107
. 133

106
106
106
106
106
107

Jenkinsia undulata, Hook. 263

Lacaussadea

appendiculata , Gaud. 251
montana. Gaud. . .251
rhizophylla, Gaud. . 251

Lccanopteris carnosa, Bl. 79
pumila, Bl 79

Lemmaphyllum onicrophyl-

ium, Pr. . . .189
spathulatum, Pr. . . 190

Lepisorus loriforme, J. Sm. 57
excavatum, J. Sm. . 57

LeptocMlus lanceolatus. Fee

276
ao-jZZare, Klfs. . . .276
decurrens, Bl. . . . 277
Jiilocarpus, Fee . . 279
Linnceanus, Fee . . 278
lomarioides, Bl. . . 268
minus, Fee .... 277
quercifolius. Fee . . 279
suhquinquefidiis. Fee . 279
tacccefolius , J. Sm. . 279

Leptogramme asplenioides,

J. Sm 132

attenuata, J. Sm. . . 139
gracilis, J. Sm. . . 139
Linhiana, J. Sm. . . 140
polypodioides, J. Sm. 140
rupestris, Kl. . . .141
Totta, J. Sm. . . .139

Lomagramme polyphylla.

Brack. . . ' . .269
pteroides, J. Sm. . . 268

Lomaria fraxinea, Willd. 242
qrandis, Bojer . . . 250
'limoiiifolia. Wall. . 249
longifolia, Klfs. . . 242
longifolia. Wall. . . 250
Meyeriana, Kze. . . 250
NovcB- Caledonia, Metten.
243
scandens, Willd. . . 249
secunda. Wall. . . 250
sorbifolia, Klfs. . . 242
speciosa, Bl. . . . 281
spicata,V^i\\di. . . 280
tenuifolia, Desv. . . 250
variabilis, Willd. . . 242

Lomariohotrys Meyeriana,

Fee . . . . . 250

Lomariopsis Boryana, Fee 242
huxifolia, Fee . . . 243

301

Lomariop.tis

Cochinchinensis, Fee 242

cuspidata. Fee . . 242

elongata. Fee . . . 242

erythrodes, Fee . . 242

leptocarpa. Fee . . 242

Uidens, Fee .... 242

pJdehodes, Fee . . . 242

Prieuriana, Fee . . 242

recur vata. Fee . . . 242

Smiihii, Fee . . . 242

sorhifolia. Fee . . 242

viidnlata, jNIetten. . 263

varidhilis, Fee . . . 242

Wfightii, Metten. . 242

Loxogramrne Bliimei, Pr. 156

involuta, Pr. . . . 156

lanceolata, Pr. . . . 156

lincata, Pr 175

Macroplethus platyrhyn-

chos,Vv. '. . . 281

Marqinaria amcena, Pr. . 24

' Calif ornica, Pr. . . 19

CathaHncE, Pr. . . 20

dissimile, Pr. ... 26

ensiforme, Pappe . . 23

loricea, Pr 21

menisciifolia, Pr. . . 28

Matonia

pectinata, Br. . . . 286

Mecosorus elongata, XI. . 157

pcrsicaricefolia, Kl. . 55

trilohiis,t\. ... 23

Meniscium

aiiL^ustifoliuni, WiUd. 164

Ciimiiigli, Fee . . . 163

cuspidalnm, Bl. . . !)

cuspidatum, J. Sin. . 163

deltigerum. Wall. . . 2(53
dentatum, Pr. . . .165
ero.sum. Wall. . . .163

falcatiim, Liebni. . . 166

giganteum, Metteu. . 163

Macropliylluni, Kzc. 1(56

palustre, KacliU . . 165

pauciflorum, Hook. . 164

proVifcrum, Svvtz. . 13

reticulatum, Swlz. . 165

salic'itblium, Wall. . 164

serratum, Car. . . 1(55

simplex, llook. . . 1(52

PAQB

Meniscii'm

simplex, Hook. . .163
sorbifolium, Willd. . 166
triphyllum, Sivtz. . .163

Microgramme persicarice-

foUa, Pr. ... 55

Micropteris pitmila, Desv. 124

Microsorium irregtilare,Jjk. 67
mi/riocarpum, Metten. 68

Mierostaphyllafurcata, Fee

209
f areata, Pr. . . . 209

2Iicroteriis neglectus, Pr. 37

M02«0GRAMME

daresecarpa, Hook. . 121

furcata, Desv. . . . 121

graminea, Schk. . . 122

graminifolia, Hook. . 124

immersa, Hook. . . 125

UnearifoUa, Desv. . 125

linearis, Klfs. . . . 122

linearis, Jungh. . . 124

Junghulinii, Hook. . 123

myrtillifolia, Fee . . 125

rostrata, Hook. . . 122

subfalcata, Hook. . . 122

triclioidea, J. Sm. . . 123

Ncphrodium Blumei, J. Sm. 2
gla}idulosui}i,J.Sm. 9,10
pennigerum, Desv. . 8
simplicifolium, J. Sm. 2

Neurocallis lomarioides,

Moore . . . .268
prcestantissima. Fee . 270
Requieniana, Fee . 269
riviilare, Moore . . 263
scande/is, Moore . . 264

Xciirodium lanccolatHin, Fee

186

Xeurogramme pcdata, Lk. 132

rufa, Lk 115

tomentosa, Lk. . . . 144

Netiroplatyccros JEthio])i-

ca, Pluk. . . .283
alcicornis. Fee . . . 283
biformis. Fee . . . 285
grandis. Fee . . . 284

NIphoholus acrostichoides,

J. Sm 51

adnasccns, Klfs. . . 47
Africa)ii(m, Kze. . . 46

302

2

INDEX,

PAGE

PAGE

Niphoholus

NoTHOCHLiENA

albicans, Bl. . .

. 51

glabra, Brack.

. 115

aiifiiistatus, Spr. .

. 44

iiirsuta, Desv. .

. 116

hirolo)', Klfs.

. 46

hypoleuca, Kze.

. 109

Chamissoanus, Pr.

. 47

incana, Pr. .

. Ill

costutus, Pr. . .

. 50

ineequalis. Kze.

. 118

costatus, J. Sm. .

. 51

Ice vis, Mart, et Gal. . 108

eloiigatus, Bl. . .

. 47

lanuginosa, Desv.

. 119

fissus, Bl. . . .

. 48

lasiopteris, Mueller . 119

Jlocciger, Bl. . .

. 45

Marantee, Br. .

. 120

Gardneri, Kze. .

. 51

Marantce, Kze.

. . 117

glaber, Klfs. . .

. 51

mollis, Kze.

. 119

hastatus, Kze. . .

. 44

nivea, Desv.

. Ill

lingiia, Spr.

. 49

nivea, Bertero .

. . 113

loriformis, Kze. .

. 45

nivea, Sturm

. . Ill

macrocarpus. Hook.

et

nudiuscula, Desv.

. 115

Arn. . . .

. 44

mimmularia , DesT

. . 190

nummu laricefolium,

pilosa. Hook, et Arn. 116

Metten. . .

. 54

Plukenetii, Fee

. 119

obovata, Kze. .

. 54

Poliliana, Kze.

. 118

porosus, Pr. . .

. 48

pulcliella, Kze.

. 113

puberulus, Bl. . .

. 44

pulveracea, Kl.

. 109

rupestre, Hook, et G

rev.

pumilio, Br.
Kawsoni, Pappe

. 121

46

. 110

Schmidianus, Kze.

. 48

rufa, Pr. . . .

. 108

serpens, Endl. . .

. 46

semiglabra, Kze.

. 115

spissus, Klfs. . .

. 48

sinuata, Klfs. .

. 107

splendens, J. Sm. .

. 52

sinuata, Brack.

. 108

varius, Klfs. . .

. 47

subcordata, Desv.

. 120

varius, J. Sm. .

. 45

sulcata, Meyen

. 116

venosus, Bl. . . .

. 50

tenera, Gill. .

. 112

Niphopsis angustata, J.

Sm.

tomentosa, Desv.

. 108

44

trichomanoides, B

r. . 109

NOTHOCHL^NA

trichomanoides, M

art.

affinis, Kooh. . .

. 109

etGal. . .

. 108

argentea, Lowe

. Ill

imdulata. Wall.

. 262

Asclienhorniana, Kz

e. 117

vellea, Desv. .

. 119

bipinnata, Liebm.

. 117

Notogramme Japonica,

Pr. 151

Candida, Hooh.

. 110

carnosa. Wall.

. 189

Olfersia acrocarpon, P

7. . 208

Chilensis, Hoolc. .

. 112

cemulum, Pr.

. 200

cretacea, Liebm. .

. Ill

angulatum, Pr.

. 199

dealbata, Xze. . .

. 113

angustatum, Pr.

. 199

densa, J. Sm. . .

. 119

apodmn, Pr.

. 213

distans, Br. . .

. 114

auricoma, Pr. .

. 239

Doradilla, Colla .

. 120

bifurcata, Pr. .

. 209

Eckloniana, Kze. .

. 116

callafolium, Pr.

. 196

Fendleri, Kze. . .

. 113

cervina, Kze. .

. 254

ferruginea, Hook.

. 108

ciliata, Pr. . .

. 221

flavens, Moore

. 146

conforme, Pr. .

. 198

frao-ilis, Hooh. . .

. 114

Corcovadensis, Ea

Idi 254

Galeottii,Y6e . .

. 117

crinita, Pr. .

. 267

303

Olfersia

ciispicfaia, Pr. . . . 235
decorata, Pr. . . . 195
dimorpha, Pr. . . . 209
dissimile, Pr. . . . 217
foeniciilacea, Pr. . . 252
gorgonea, Pr. . . .25 3
hybrida, Pr. ... 211
Langsdorffii, Pr. . . 235
lepidota, Pr. . . . 238
lomarioides, Pr. . . 212
longifolia, Pr. . . . 255
marginata, Pr. . . 199
muscosa, Pr. . . . 231
nigrescens, Kl. . . . 205
obducta, Pr. ... 237
pachyphylla, Pr. . . 268
paleacca, Pr. . . . 240
petiolosum, Pr. . . 207

pilosa, Pr 241

repens, KI 230

scolopendrifolia, Pr. . 211

Sieberi, Pr 197

simplex, Pr. . . . 205
sorbifolia, Pr. . . . 242
spat/ndata, Pr. . . 228
tindulafa, Pr. . . , 212
variabilis, Pr. . . . 242

vestita, Pr 240

villosa, Pr 225

viscosa, Pr 220

Onoclea scandens, Swtz. . 249
sorbifolia. Swtz. . . 242
spica/a, Swlz. . . . 280

OphioglossH m Zeylanicmn,

Hoiitt . . . .279

Osrmtnda bifurraia, Jacq. 209
cerrina, Linn. . . . 254
fceniculacctt, Swtz. . 252
leplopliylla. Lam. . . 130

Oxygonium vittcrfonne,

J. Sm 154

alismafoUum, Pr. . . 155

Paltonium lanceolafum.Pr. 186
Paragramma longifolia,

Moore .... 60
Palaa ntidiuscrila. Hook. 115
Pelfapterisfoeniculaeea, Lk .

252
Phegopteris a.iplenioides,

Metten. . . .132
VOL. V.

PAGB

Phegopteris

asterothrix, Metten.
aurita, J. Sm. . ,
barbata, Metten. .
crenata, jMetten. .
ditbia, Karst. . .
fraxiiiifolia, Metten
macrodonla. !Metten.
obliteraia, Metten. ,
opaca, jNletten.
2'ilosa, Metten.
prolifera, Metten.
rupesiris, Metten.
Stegnogramme, Metten.

150
tetragon a, Metten.
Totfx, Metten. .
unila, Metten.
urophylla, Metten.
Phlebodium angustum,
J. Sm. . . .
aureum, Br. . .
decitmannm, J. Sm.
elongatum, J. Sm.
ensiforme, J. Sm. .
lycopodioides, J. Sm.
muUiseriale, Moore
percussum, J. Sm.
serpens, J. Sm.
stigmaticnm, Moore
Photinopieris simj)lex, J. Sm.

281
Horsfieldii, J. Sm. . 281
Phymatodes BillardieH, Pr.

6

142

11

3

15

4

102

4

143

141

13

141

3, 4

139

5

76
16
17
157
23
34
16
56
36
37

capitellatum, Pr. . .
coronnns, Pr. .
crassifoliiim, Metten.
eriuidcs, Pr.
leiorhizon, Pr. .
lo ng ifoliiun, i\ f e 1 1 e u .
niacrophyllum, Sieb.
Mtyeiiiauum, Pr. . .
myriocarpum, Pr.
normale, Pr. . . .
oxylobiim, Pr. . . .
polycarpnm, Pr. .
propinquum, Pr. . .
pustidatum, Pr.
revolutum, J. Sm.
saccatum. .]. Sm. . .
Schombnrglcii, J. Sm.
2 K

90
95
63
67
92
60
63
89
68
70
77
67
97
80
60
82
69

304

Phymatodes

Schraderi, Metten

sinuosum, Wall. .

spectrum, Pr. . .

tenuilore, Kze.

tridactylon, Pr.
Piper 7iummulariun,
Plattceritjm

^thiopicum, Hoolc.

alcicorne, Deav.

angustatum, Desv

biforme, Bl.

hi for me, Hook.

coronarium, Desv,

grande, J. Sm.

stemmaria, Desv.

Wallichii, Sooh.

59
61
75
60
75
Lam. 190

283

282
283
285
284
285
284
283
284

Pleopeltis albo-squamata, Pr.

angusta, H. B. K
aurea, Pr. . .
Corcovadense, Pr.
decumana, Pr. .
decurrens, Bl. .
draconopterum, Moore 86

elongata, Klfs.
Kanlfussiana, Pr.
lepidota, Klfs. . .
linearis, Klfs. . .
longifolia, Bl. . .
Jycopodioides, Pr.
'neglect It m , Moore
nuda, Hook. . .

57
. 56
. 56
. 56
. 60
34, 35
. 37

57

percussa, Hook, et Grev.

5e

persicariafolia, Moore 55

Maddianum, Gaud. . 76

serpens, Pr. ... 36

tenuior, Moore . . 60

Pleuridium crassifollum, Pr.

63

saxatile, Pee ... 64

Pleurogramme furcata, Fee

122
graminifolia, Fee . .124
linearis, Pr. . . . 124
paradoora. Fee . . .123

pumila, Pr 124

Pleurosorus cuneatus. Fee

137
immersus, Fee . . . 138
papaverifolius, Fee . 138

PAGE

Pcecilopteris contaminans,

Moore . . . .261
costata, Moore . . . 263
crispatula, Moore . 261
cuspidata, Moore . . 260
diversifolia, Pr. . . 259
fiageliifera,VT. . . 259
Hoolceriana, Moore . 261
Preslianuni, Moore . 265
pmnctulata, Pr. . . 258
Quoyana, Moore . . 260
Raddiana, Moore . 264
repanda, Pr. . . . 260
serratifoUa, Pr. . . 263
sinuosa, Moore . . 260
virens, Moore . . . 261

Polyhotrya acuminata, Lk.

... 245

apiifolia, J. Sm. . . 249
articulata, J. Sm. 247, 248

aurita, Bl 257

bifurcata, Moore . . 209
canaliculata, Hook. . 247
candata, Kze. . . . 244
cervina, Klfs. . . . 254
cicutaria, Bl. . . . 258
Corcovadensis, Spr. . 254
cylindrica, Klfs. . . 246
Sooheriana, Bory . 261
incisum, Lk. . . . 245
intermedia, J. Sm. . 251
Lechleriana, Metten. 246
marginafa, Bl. . . . 251
nana, Fee .... 249
neglecta. Fee . . . 251
nodi flora, Bory . .251
nutans, Kze. . . . ^45
osmundacea, H. B. K. 246
pubens. Mart. . . . 244
Raddiana, Klfs. . . 254
rhizophylla, Pr. . . 251
serrata, Bory . . . 256
serratifoUa, Kl. . . 257
serrulata, J. Sm. . . 251
speciosa, Scliott . . 246
tacccefolia, Metten. . 279
trilohata, Metten. . 279
Wilkesiana, Brack. . 248

Polycampium hastatum, Pr. 44
Penangianum, Pr. . 52

POLTPODIUM

accedens, Bl. ... 66

305

POLYPODIUM

ao'osoritm, Kze. . . 63
acrosticlioides, Swtz. 44
adnascens, Swtz. . . 47
adnatum, Hook. . . 27
admit 11)11, Kze. . . 27

ailinc, Bl 84

iiffine, Lowe . . . -I-
Africanum, Meiten. . 45
Afncanum, Desv. . 139
alatiim, Hook. ... 85
albicans, Meiten. . . 51
alhu-punctatum, Eaddi 28
albo-squamatum, Bl.
alternifoVnim, Wall. .
alternif'jJiiim, Lk.
Americanum, Hook. .
amcenum, Wall. . .
amjjJiostcmon, Kze. .
inidiiuim, Karst. . .
angustatum, Swtz. .
anc/ii.statum, Bl. . .
angustifolium, Swtz. .
augustum, Metten. .
anocarpum, Kze. . .
araneosum. Mart. etGal

areolattim, H. B. K.
argutum, Wall. .
arthrotlirix, Hook,
articiilatum, Dcsv.
atipcrum, Pr.
asplenioides, Swtz.
asterothrix, Hook,
atropunctatum, Hook

at Arn. . .
attcnuatura, Br. .
attcnuatum, H. B. K
attenuatHm, II. B. K
attenualum, Kich.
avenium, Metten. .
avenium, Desv.
am-einn, Limi. . .
aurisctum, Raddi . ,
barbatum, Hook. .
Barbori, Hook,
biciispe, Bi. . . .
bifrons, Hook. . .
Billardieri, Br.
Blumei, Metten. .
Boothii, Hook.
Borneense, Hook.

92
81
83
54
24
40
30
43
89
40
76
63

16

16

32

14

26

9

6

6

57
58
21
21
58

156
56
16
34
10

100

271
78
82

156
53
11

9
38
103
58
58
18

22

io4

2

90

3

POLYPODIUM

Brackenridgii, Hook
brevifolium, Lk. .
Brongniartii, Bory
Broionianiim, Spr.
Brotvnii, Metten. .
Californicum, K/fs.
Californicum, Schleclit.

Camerooniaiium, Hook.

canescens, Bl. . . .
oapitellatum, IFall. .
Carlpe)/.sc, Sieb. . .
Catliarinae, Fisch. et

Langsd. ... 20

caudatum, Metten. . 47
caudifortnc, Bl. . .158

Cayennense, Desv. . 34

Cbaeapoyeuse, Hook. 29

chnoodes, Spreng. . . 26

chrysojjodon, Kl. . . 39

cHiatum,^N\\\^.. . . 34

colpodes, Kze. ... 21

colpotlirix, Kze. . . 31

commutatum, Bl. . 84

confluens, Br. ... 46

coiijluens, Liebni. . . 21

coufluens. Wall. . . 102

conJKgatum, Klfs. . 100
contigutim, ^^'all. 60, 95

coriaceum, Eaddi . . 63

coronans, Wall. . . 94

costatum, Wall. . . 12

fostatam, Wall. . . 50

costatum, Kze. . . 38

fostatum. Hook. . . 7

crassi folium, Linn. . 62

erassinervium, Bl. . 63

crenatum, Swtz. . . 2

crenatum. Hook. . . 3

crispatum, Hook. . . 1

crispatum, Linn. . . 2

Cumingianum, Hook. 103

Cunniughami. Hook. . 58

cuspidatum, DwM.'' . 32

cuspidatum, Pr. . . 56

CDspidiJiora, lleinvr. . 66

cymatodes, Kze. . . 26

ciecumanum. Willd. . 17

decurreu.s, Raddi . 42

detergibile, -/. Sm. 49

306

POLTPODIXJM

dictyoccdlis, Lowe . 16
cUfforme, Bl. . . .102

diffundens, Kze. . . 78

dilatatum, Wall. . . 85

dimorphum, Lk. . . 40

dipteris, Bl. ... 100

dissimile, TAnn. . . 25

dissimile, Schk. . . 24

distans, Metten. . . 28

distans, Haddi ... 26

diversi folium, Br. . 98

diversifoUmn, Willd. 82
draconopterum, Hooh. 86

dubium. Hook. . . 15

ebenipes, Hook. . . 88

elceagnifolmm, Bory . 46

elongatum, Metten. . 157

elongatum, Schrad. . 59

ensatum, Thunh. . . 72

ens/folium, Willd. . 40

ensiforme, Tlmnh. . 23

ensiforme, Kze. . . 83

excavatum, Eoxb. . 81

eiccavatiim, Willd. . 57

eximium, Kze. . . 102

Falcaria, 'Kze. . . 21

fasciale, Willd. . . 41

faucium, Liebm. . . 3
Fiei, Metten. . . .158
Fendleri, Eaton . ,43

Fieldingianum, Kze. 25

flabellifemm, Goldm. 94

floccigerum, Metten. 45

Fortunei, Kze. . . 95
fraxinifolium, Jacq. 4, 26

furfuraceum. Wall. . 44
fusco-punctatum, Hook.

69

Gardneri, Metten. . 51

Gaiidichaudii, Bory . 98

geminatum, Schrad. . 36

Gheisbeghtii, Linden 3

glabrum, Eoxb. . . 67

gladiatum, Wall. . . 57

glanduliferum, Liebm. 9

glaucescens, Bory . . 23

glaucistipes, Wall. . 98

glaucophyllum, Kze. 18

glaucum, Kze. ... 88

glaucum, Eaddi . . 20

gonatodes, Kze. . . 21

PAGB
POLYPODIUM

grandidens, Kze. . . 31
grandifolium, Wall. . 71
qranulosum, Bentb. . 10
Griffithianum, H.oh. 62
grossum, Langsd. et Fisch.
83
Guatemalense, Hook. 29
Gweintzii, Metten. . 57
Jiarpeodes, Lk. ... 21
liastatum, Thunh. . 74
hemionitideum, Wall. 73
Heraclenm, Kze. . . 93
heterocarpiim, Bl. . 71
heterocarpum, Metten.

160
Himalayense, Hook. . 91
Horsfieldii, Br. . . 99
hymenodes, Wall. . . 71
imbricatum, Liebm. . 3
ineurvatum, Bl. . . 77
iiKEquale, Lowe . . 29

insigne, Bl 78

insigne, Liebm. . . 30
intermedium. Hook, et

Arn 19

intermedium, CoUa . 22
involutum, Metten. . 156
irioides, Lam. ... 67
irregulare, Pr. . . 101
iteophyllum, Lk. . . 36
jtiglandifolium, Don . 90
juglandifolium, Metten.

28
Labrusca, Hook. . . 73
laebnopus, Wall. . . 25
laciniatum, Bl. . . 87
IcBtum, Eaddi ... 21
lagopodioides, Desv. . 34.
35
lanceolatum, Metten. 156
lanceolatum, Swtz. . 56
lanciforme, Pr. . . 41
lapathifolium, Swtz. . 41
lasiopus, Kl. ... 21
lasiopus, Kl. ... 22
latipes, Fisch. et Langsd.
21
leiojyten's, Kze. . . 57
leiorhizon, Wall. . , 91
lepidopodum, Lk. . . 82
lepidotum, Willd. . 56

307

POLYPODIUM

h'ptuphyllum, Linn.
leucorhizon, Kl.
leucosporum, Kl. .
leucosporum, Kl. .
Lindlei/anum, Wall.
Linncei, Bory . .
liiieare, Tiiunb. .
liuearifolium, Jlook.
lincatum, Colcbr. .
lincat 11)11, Wall. .
Lingua, Swtz. . .
Lobbianum, Jlook.
lomarioides, Kze. .
longifolium, 3fe/fen.
lonrjifolium, Metten.
lo,i<i]rrons. Wall. .
longissimuin, BI. .
loiigissimum, Hook,
lo tHf i.ts imuni, Metten
loriceum, Li)in. .
loriforme, Wall. .
lucidum, Beyr. Hh.
litxnrians, Xze.
Ij'copodioides, Linn. .
li/copinlioiJcs, JNTeyer 55
viacrocarjnim, Willd
macrocheiros. Wall.
macropJiyllum, Metten.

159
malocodon, Hook,
marginale, Willd.
marfjinaria, Pr. .
Matthewsii, Metten.
maximum, Hook. .
megalocarpum. Hook
megalodus, Schk. .
melanopus, Br.
membranaceum, D071
ineiiihraiicrreioii, Don
menihrioiij'oliuiii, Br.
nicniisc'iicarpon. Hook.
menisciifolium, Lungsd.

et Fisck. ... 27
men i.ici aides, Liebm. . 3
Moyenianum, Schott . 94
rnvrbiltosum, Metten. 93
nuilliliiiealum, Wall. 11
muriuil'oliiun, Bl. . . 67
myriocarpum, Metten. 08
■myriovarpum, Metten. 68
Mysurense, Heyne . 49

136

40
76
56
89
96
57
53
12
13
49
100
79
60
28
70
80
7
81
20
57
41
13
34

87
56
34
20
83
102
3
88
70
72
80
86

POLYPODIUM

neglectum, Bl. . . 37

neriifolium, Swtz. . 2S

nigreseens, Bl. . . 81

nigripes, Hook. . . 17

nitidum. Hook. . . 41

nitidtim, Xlfs. ... 89

normale, Don ... 69

niidiiisculitm, Kze. . 57
numniularia^folium,

Metten. ... 54
niimmidarium, Metten. 37

obovatum, Metten. . 54

oUgophlehinm, Kze. . 39

oodes, Kze 71

oppositifolium. Hook. 8

ovatura. Wall. . . 64

Owai'iense, Desv. . . 34

oxylobum. Wall. . . 77

oxyphyllum, Kze. . 72

parhyphyllum, Eaton 19

jKill'ens, Bl 33

pallidivenium, Hook. 8

palmatum, Bl. ... 89

Panangianum, Hook. 13

patens, J. Sm. ... 23

peltidifolimn, Kaddi . 76

Penangiauum, Hook. 52

pennigerum, Forst. . 7

percussum, Cav. . . 55
persicaria;folium, Schrad.

55

jjertu.siim, Eoxb. . . 47

petrophyuni, Bl. . . 102

F/iilippini/in, Hook. . 151

pJtlehodes, Kze. . . 57

Pliyllitidis, Linn. . 38

Fhyllitidis, Thunb. . 73

phymatodos, JAnn. . 82

piloselloides, Linn. . 33

pilosrlloidcs, liaddi . 34

pk'ctolepis. Hook. . 30

plesiosonim, Kze. . 21
poec'ilophlobiuni, Hook. 14

polycrphaliim. Wall. 67

P"'<:s;)rJtunK :\rotton. 28

porosum, M'att. . . 48

porrcctiiiti, N\ illd. . 63

potlnfuliitm, jMetten. 161

Bratlianuni, Lk. . . 28

prolilcrum, Fi: . . 13

proliferum, Klfs. . . 4

308

POLYPODITTM

propinquiim, Wall. . 97
ptei'oides, Pr. . . . 108
pteropiis, Bl. ... 75
pubescens,iZoo^.e^ Grev.

19
pulvinatuni, J. Sra. . 16
punctulatum. Plum. . 21
pustulatum, Forst. . 80
pustulatum, Metten. . 28
jiycnosorum, Metten. 29
pyrolcefolkim, Goldm. 37
quercifolium, Linn. . 96
quercifolium, Willd. . 98
Reinwardtii, Kze. . 33
repens, Linn. ... 39
repens, Metten. . . 38
reptans, Swtz. ... 5
reptans, Swtz. ... 6
reticulatum, Linn. . 166
rhizocaulon, Willd. . 26
rhodopleuron, Kze. . 22
rhyncliophyllum, Hooh. 65
.26

Richardi, Kze.
rostratum, Hooh. .
rubidum, Hook. .
rupestre, Br. . .
rupestre, Forst. .
rupestre, Bl. . .
salicifolium, Willd.
Sandwiceuse, Hook.
saxatile, Metten. .
scandens, Labill. .
scandens, Forst. .
Schkuhrii, Bory .
Schomburgkii, Kze.
Schraderi, Metten.

12

59

Scouleri, Hook. >

sectifrons, Metten.
serpens, Siotz. . .
sesquipedale. Wall.
sessile, Klfs. . .
simplicifolium, Hook
sinuosum, Wall. .
Sloanei, Desv. . .
solutum, Kl. . .
sorideus, Hook.
sparsiflorum, Hook,
sparsisorum, Pesv.
spectrum, KJfs.
sphenodes, Kze. .

GreiK
19
76
35
57
67

2
61

6
40
61
92
96
74
42

PoLYPODItJM

spissum, Bory ... 48
splendens, Hook. . . 52
splendens, Hook. . . 95
sporadocarpum, Willd. 16
squamulosum, Klfs. . 35
stellatum, Rich. . . 46
stenophyllum, Bl. . 65
sticticum, Metten. . 48
stigmaticum, Pr. . . 36
stigmaticum, Pr. . . 56
stigmaticum, Kze. . 36
subauriculatum, Bl. . 32
subecostatum, Hook. 59
subfurfuraceura , Hook. 52
subtetragonum. Link. 3
superficiale, Bl. . . 71
Surinamense, Jacq. . 35
Surrucucliense, Hook. 30
sylvaticum, Schk. . . 96
tceniosum, Metten. . 40
tcRniosum, H. B. K. . 40
tcBniostim, var. y, Metten.

41
tectum, Klfs. ... 34
tenerifrons, Hook. . 104
tenuicauda, Hook. . 90
tenuiore, Kze. in Metten.

60
tetragonum, Swtz. . 3
tetragonum, Schk. . 3
Thoiiinianum, Gaud. . 75
To«a, WiUd. . . .139
translucens, Kze. . . 22
tricuspe, Sivtz. . . 44
tridactylon, Wall. . 75
trilobum, Cav. ... 22
triquetrum, Bl. . . 63
triseriale, Swtz. . . 26
unitum, Hook. . . 5
uropliyllum, Wall. . 9
urophyllum, var., Wall. 13
vacillans, Lk. . . . 21
vacciniifolium, Fisch.

et Langsd. . . 35
vaccinifolium, Eaddi . 34
varians, Bl. ... 92
venosmn., Lowe . . 37
venusimn. Wall. . . 91
verrucosum, Wall. . 31
verrucosum. Wall. . 47
vestitum, Wall. . . 50

301)

POLYPODIUM

Vittaria, Metten. . 63
Vittarioides, Wall. . 47
viviparum,lh\A(S\ . . 4
rulcaniciim, Bl. . . 159
Wallifhii, Br. ... 99
Wilklenowii, Bovy . 97
inildenowii, Bl. '. . 97
.ri phophoron , Kzc. . 24
Zippelii, Bl. . . . 72
Zollhif/erkmnm, Kze. 71
Zostei-iB forme, Wall. 64

Polijtcvninm lanceolatnm,

Desv 175

P-s-omiocarpa acuminata, Pr.
245
caudata, Pr. . . . 244

nutans, Pr 245

puhens, Kze. . . . 244

Psi/gniiii.ni chqans, Pr. . 94

PiJejv'.v anciustifulia, Swtz. 187
aiD'aiitiaca, Cav. . . Ill
hhchnoldts, Willd. . 188
hirsuta, Poir. . . .116
imhricata, Cav. . . 106
Uneata, Linn. . . . 180

^M/ra, Cav Ill

nivea, Lam Ill

nudiuscuJa, Br. . .115
numiniilaria. Linn. . 190
orbivuhifa, Lam. . . 106
pi lose/ hides, Thunb. . 189
scolupendrina, Bory . 177
trichomanoides, Linn. 109
vittarioides, Thouars 182

Pteropsis angustifoUa, Desv.
187
Blumei, Fee . . . 187
fiircata, Desv. . . .188
lanceolata, Desv. . . 186
nummularia, Desv. . 190
piloselloides, Desv. . 190

Pterozonium reniforme. Fee

126

Rhipidopterisjlabellata, Fee

253

peltata, Fee . . . . 252

splianophyUa , Fee . 253

tripartita, Fee . . 253

Schizaa spicata, Sm. . . 280

Scoliosorus ensiformis, Moore
175

Seolopendrium D' Urvillei,

Bory . . . .250

SclliqU(vadecnrrens,VT. . 161
>Vr'/, Bory . . . .158
Hamiltoni, Pr. . . 161
/lemioniiideum, Pr. . 73
heterocar2)a, Bl. . . 160
Hookeri, Pr. . . .161
involuta, Kze. . . . 156
lanceolata. Fee . . 156
macroplii/Ua. Bl. . . 159
marfiiiiufa. JNlej'eu . 159
memhranacca, Bl. . . 159
mexicana. Fee . . . 157
pedunculata, Pr. 160, 161
plantaginea, Metten. 158
pothifolia, J. Sm. . 161
SelloH-iana, Kl. . . 55
Wallichiana, Hook. . 156

Solenopteris lanceolata. Wall.
169

Soromanes dentatum. Fee 256
integrifolium,Yee . . 256
serratijblium. Fee . 256

Stegnogramme aspidioides, Bl.
150

Stenochlcena Blumeana, Pr.

249
fra^vinifolia, Pr. . . 249
laurifoUa, Pr. . . . 251
longrfolia, J. Sm. . . 242
Mci/eriana, Pr. . . 250
oleandrifolia. Brack. 242
scandens, J. Sm. . . 249
scandens, var. i3, J. Sm.

251

Stenogramme Sandwicense,

Brack 5

Stennsemia aurita, J. Sm. 151

aurita, Pr 257

cicutaria, Pr. . . . 258

Synammia elongata, Pr. . 157
triloba, Vt 23

Syngramme alismcvfoUa,

J. Sm 155

pinnata, J. Sm. . . 151
vittcpformis, J. Sm. . 154

Sagenia r«m/. Brack. . 104 Taniopsis fitrcatu,yiooro 188

310

()

INDEX.

PAGE

PAGE

Tesniopsis

VlTTARIA

gramiwfolia, J. Sm.

180

filifolia, Fee .

. 182

lineata, J. Sm.

180

fliformis, Cav.

. 180

Tceniopteris Forhesii, Hook.

flexuosa, Fee .

. 178

177

Forbesii, Fee .

. 177

TiENITIS

Gardneriana, Fee

. 178

angustifolia, Br. .

187

graminifolia, Klfs

. . 180

blechnoides, Swiz.

187

Guineensis, Desv.

. 181

Bliimei, Hoolc.

187

intermedia, Bl.

. 184

carnosa, Metten. .

189

isoetifolia, Willd.

. 185

furcata, Willd. .

188

isoetifolia, Bory

. 181

fiircata. Desv. .

188

lanceolata, Swtz.

. 175

gram in if oil a, Hook.

124

lineata, Swtz. .

. 180

intemipta. Wall. .

188

loricea, Fee . .

. 177

lanceolata, Br.

186

minor, Fee . .

. 183

linearis. Mart, et Ga

.182

Owarienis, Fee

. 183

marginaUs, Moore

187

planipes, Kze. .

. 177

niphoboloides, Kze.

174

plantaginea, Bory

. 185

obtusa, HooTc. . .

186

plantaginea, Spr.

. 181

piloselloides, Br. .

190

'plantacjineu, Hool

c.et

pteroides, Schk. .

188

Grev. . .

. 184

pumila, Klfs. . .

124

revoluta. Fee .

. 182

tenuior, Metten. .

60

rigida, Klfs. .

. 184

Trismeria argentea. Fee
aurea. Fee . . .

109

Euiziana, Fe'e .

. 178

149

sarmentosa, Fe'e

. 180

microphylla, Fee .

149

sarmentosa, Euiz

. 180

scabrida, Kl. .

. 182

Vaginularia Junghuhnii

Schkuhrii. Eaddi

. 180

Metten. . .

123

stipitata, Kze. .

. 179

trichoidea, Fee

123

stricta, Carm. .

. 182

VlTTAEIA

tenera, Fe'e . .

. 179

Amboinensis, Fee .

177

Zeylanica, Fe'e .

. 177

angusti folia, Bl. .

181

zosterEefolia, Bory

. 183

angustifrons, Mich.

180

anodontolepis, Fee

185

Woodsia angustifolia.

Pr. 40

bisulcata, Kze.

183

piloselloides, Pr.

. 33

costafa, Kze.

187

puhescens, Spreng

. 6

elongata, Wall.

179

vacciniifolia, Pr.

. 35

elongata, Swtz.

184

verrucosa, Hook. .

. 31

falcata, Kze. . .

182

311

INDEX

OF THE

miBES, SUBOEDEES,* AND GENERA

OF THE FEllNS CONTAINED IN THE FIVE VOLUMES
OF THIS WORK.

'The names of Tribes and Sithorders are in Homan capitals; the Geneva in
Roman small type ; those of many of the Genera of authors, not adopted
in this work, in Italics.

Ahacopfcns, Fee, iv. 60.
Acomopteris,Vr ., v. 194, 25i.
Arrophorus, Pr., i. 151, 157.
Acrvpteris, Foe, iii. 270.
AcKOSTiCHE^ (Subord.), v. 194.
Acrosticliiim, L., v. 194.
Acrostichnm, Pr., v. 194.
Actiniopteris, Lh., iii. 275.
Adenophonis, Gaud., iv. 163, 228.
Adiantum, L., ii. 1.
Aglaomorpha, Schott, iv. 103 ; v.

93.
Agramme, Fee, v. 209.
Alcicornium, Gaud., v. 282.
AHantodia, Wall., iii. 274.
AUantodia, Br., iii. 76, 217.
Allosorus, Pr., ii. 130.
Alsopliila, Br., i. 34.
Ampclo}>tcris, Kze., v. 14.
Amphihlvsfra, Pr., ii. 154.
Amphiro-smia, Gardn., i. 34.
Amphidesmium, Schott, i. 34.
Anapausia, Pr., v. 270.
Anaxetum, Schott, iv. 163.

Anchistea, Pr., iii. 66, 68.
Anetium, Splitg., v. 191, 193.
An/soqoniitm. Pr., iii. 76, 265.
Ano(j'nim»/e, Fee, v. 126, 127.
Aiit/'f/ramme, Pr., iv. 1, 3.
Aiitrophyum, Klfi., v. 107.
(?) Arachniodes, BL, i. 59.
jirfhrobotrys, Wall., iv. 60, 118.
Arthropteris, J. Sm., iv. 60, 163,

217.
AsPiDiACEJE (Subord.), iv. 5.
Aspidium, *S'«'., Br., iv. 6.
Aspidiiim, Schott, iv. 42.
Aspidotis, Nutt., ii. 70.
AsPLENiE^^ (Subord.), iii. 70.
Asplcuium, L., iii. 76.
Athyrium, Pr., iii. 76, 217.

Balantium, Klfs., i. 65. 60.
Balhmium, Pr.. iv. 0, 42.
B/cc/rnopsis, Pr., iii. '12.
Blechnum, Auct., iii. 2.
Bleclmum, L., iii. 42.
Bolbitis, Schott, v. 258.

* It is i-equested that at p. 1 of vol. i., Subokdek I., and at p. 14, Suboeueii
II., may bo corrected with a pen to TfiruE I. and Tuibe II. ; tliat at p. 14
Tkibb I., and at p. 56, Tribe II., be corrected to SrnoKDEK I. and Subokuer
II. ; that at p. 57, Subteibe I., and at )i. 58, Suiitribf, TT., and at ji. 64,
SubtribeIII., be corrected lo Si;ct. L, II., and III.; and, histlv, at ]i. 202,
Tribe IV. be corrected to Suborder IV. Tims only will the tbiii- Snborders
in that vohuue correspond in value lo the ilivisious (or Suborders) iu the four
succoodiug vohuues. — W. J. II.

VOL. V. 2 S

312

.NDEX OF THE TRIBES, SUBORDERS,

Botryogramme, Ft'c, ii. 125.
Botoringia, Hook., v. 162.
Bramea, ILooTc., v. IGl.

Calli/pteris, J. Sm., iii. 76.
Callogramme, Fee, v. 155.
Calymodon, Pr., iv. 163.
Cali/j)tcrlum, Bernh., iv. 160.
Camjnutii, Pr., v. 194, 258.
Campteria, Pr., ii. 154, 202.
Camptodium, Pee, iv. 60.
Camptosorus, Lk., iv. 1, 4.
Campyloneuron, Pr., iv. 163; v. 38.
CardioMcena, Fee, iv. 42.
Cassebeera, Klfs., ii. 117.
Ceratodactylis, J. Sm., ii. 125.
Ceratopteris, Brongn., ii. 234.
Ceropteris, Lk., v. 146.
Ceteracli, Willd., iii. 76, 271, 273.
Cheilanthes, Sio., ii. 73.
CheiloUpton, Fee, v. 268.
Cheiropleuria, Pr., v. 271.
Chnoophora, Klfs., i. 34.
Choi'izopteris, Fee, v. 266.
Chrysodium, Fee, v. 194, 266.
Chrysopteris, Lk., iv. 163.
Cibotium, Klfs., i. 82.
CincinaJis, Desv., v. 107.
Cnemiihn'ia, Pr., i. 28.
Cochlidinm, Klfs., v. 121.
Ccenopteris, Berg., iii. 76, 205.
Colysis, Pr., iv. 163 ; v. 155.
Coniogr amine, Fee, v. 125.
Craspedaria, Fee, iv. 163.
Craspedaria, Lk., v. 33.
Cryptogramme, Br., ii. 126.
Cryptosorus, Fee, iv. 163, 191.
Ctenopteris, Bl., iv. 163, 191.
Culcita, Pr., i. 65, 66.
Cuspidaria, Fee, v. 188.
CyathetE (SuborcL), i. 14.
Cyathea, Sm., i. 14.
Cyclodium, Pr., iv. 6, 36.
Cyclophorus, Pr., iv. 163.
Cyrtogonium, J. Sm., v. 258.
Cyrtomium, Pr., iv. 6, 37.
Cyrtomiphlebium (§ Hoolc), v. 15.
Cyrtophlehium, J. Sm., v. 38.
Cystopteris, Bernh., i. 196.

Darea, Juss., iii. 76,205.
Davallieje (Subord.), i. 150.
Davallia, Sm., i. 151.

Deparia, Sooh. et Grev., i. 84.
Diacalpe, Bl, i. 58.
Dihlemma, J. Sm., v. 60.
Dichasium, Braun, iv. 60.
DiCKSONiEiE (Subord.), i. 56.
Dicksonia, USer. i. 65.
DicUdoptens, Brack., v. 121, 124.
Diclisodon, Moore, iv. 139.
Dicranoglossum, J. Sm., v. 186,

188.
Dictymia, J. Sm., v. 58.
Btctyocline, Moore, v. 191, 193.
Dictyoglossum, J. Sm., v. 266.
Dictyogramme, Pr., v. 126, 150.
Diciyopteris, Pr., iv. 163 ; v. 100.
Dictyoxyphium, Hook., i. 224.
Didymochlajna, Desv., iv. 5.
Didymoglossum, Desv., i. 113.
Digrammaria, Pr., iii. 76.
D'iplaz'mm, Pr., iii. 76, 235.
B'lpieris, Eeinw., iv. 163 ; v. 99.
Disphenia, Pr., i. 14, 17.
Doodia, Br., iii. 71.
Doryopteris, J. Sm., ii. 154, 207.
Drymoglossum, Br., v. 189.
Drymoglossum, J. Sm., v. 186.
Drynaria, Bory, iv. 163; v. 55, 93.
Dryomenis, J. Sm., v. 86, 87.
Dryostachyum, J. Sm., v. 93.

JEgenolfia, Scbott, v. 194, 251.
Elaphoglossum, Schott, v. 194.
Ellohocarpus, Klfs., ii. 234.
Mriosorus, Fee, v. 126, 131.

Fadyenia, Hoolc., iv. 159.
Feea, Bory, i. 113, 114.
Furcaria, Desv., ii. 234.

GLEICHENIACEiE (Tr.), i. 1.

Gleichenia, Br., i. 2.
Goniophlebium, Pr., iv. 163 ; v. 18.
Goniopteris, Pr., iv. 163 ; v. 1.
GkammitidEjE (Subord.), v. 105.
GrammUis, Auct., iv. 163, 164;

V. 125, 136.
Gymnogramme, Desv., v. 125.
Gymnopteris, Fee, v= 194, 270.
Gymnosphcera, BL, i. 34, 51.

Saplodictyum, Pr., iv. 60, 61.
Haplopteris, Pr., v. 176, 177.
Hecistopteris, J. Sm., v. 125, 127.

AND GENERA, OP THE FERNS.

313

Jfemicardiiim, Fee, iv. H.
ircmidicti/iirn, Pr., iii. 70, 271.
Jfciiiiqoin'iim, J. Sm., iv. G.
Hcmionitis, L., v. 191.
Hcmionitis, Auct., v. 167.
Hcmitelia, Br., i. 28.
Hcfn-uiicuron, Fee. v. 191. 258.
IlcUrophh'hium, Fee, ii. 154, 201.
IlcwanUa, J. Sm., ii. 1.
Holcosorus, Moore, iv. 1G3, 1(51.
Humata, Car., i. 151, 152.
Ili/menocysUs, C. A. Mey., i. 59,

60.
ITymcnodium, Fee, v. 196, 266.
Ei/inenolcpis, J. Sm., V. 191, 280.
Hymenopliyllum. Sm., i. 86.
II_tjmenoiitavhy.<i, Bory, i. 113, 111.
Hypochlamys, Fee, iii. 76.
Hypodematium, Kze., iv. 60, 111.
Hypoderris, Br., i. 57.
Hypolepis, Bcrnh., ii. 59.
Hypupcltis, Rich., iv. 6.

Isoloma, J. Sm., i. 203, 209.

Jamesonia, Hook, et G-rev., v. 105.
Jamesonia., Fee, v. 126, 133, 135.
Jenkinsia, Hook., v. 258.

Lacaussadea, Gaud., v. 251.
Lastrea, Pr., iv. 60, 84.
Lcisireastrum, Pr., iv. 60.
Lecanopteris, Bl., v. 79.
Jjemmapltyllum, Pr., v. 189.
Lcpidoncuron, Fee, iv. 151.
LiptochUus, BL, V. 194, 276.
Liptoqramme, J. Sm., v. 125, 139,

140, 141.
Leptoplcuria, Pr., i. 65, 66.
Leucosicqia, Pr., i. 151, 156.
Lindsjva', Dry., i. 203.
LiNDSE.^ (Subord.), i. 202.
LitohrocJiia, Pr., ii. 154, 207.
Llavea, Lar/., ii. 125.
Lomaria, Willd., iii. 2.
L0M.4.EIEJE (Subord.), iii. 1.
Lomaridium, Pr.,iii. 2.
Lomariohotrys, Fee, v. 250.
Lomariopsis, Fee, v. 194, 241.
Lonchitis, i., ii. 55.
Lorinseria, Pr., iii. 66, 70.
Loxor/ramnic, Pr., v. 125, 155.
Loxsoma, Br., i. 85.

M(trgiuaria,Vr.,\\. 163.209; v.

18, 33.
Matonia, Br., v. 285.
Meniscium, Sclireh., v. 162.
Mertcnsia, Willd., i, 2, 4.
Mcsochlana, Br., iv. 60.
Mcta.ryct, Pr., i. 34,
^Iicraqrammc, Pr., v. 55.
MicroUpia, Pr., i._ 151, 170, 178.
Microsorum, Lk., iv. 163.
Microsorus, Fee, v. 55.
Mirrosfap/tyla, Fee, v. 209.
MonochosDrnm, Kze., iv. 163.
Mouogramme, Schk., v. 121.

Neottopteris, J. Sm., iii. 76.
Nephrodium, Rich., Br., iv. 60.
jVcp/irodium, Scliott, iv. 60, (53.
Nephrolepis, Schott, iv. 151.
NeuroculUs, Fee, v. 194, 266.
Neurodium, Fee, v. 186.
Neurogramme, Lk., v. 132, 145.
Neuroma, Don, iv. 158.
Neuroplatyceros, Fee, v. 282.
NipJiobolus, Klfs., iv. 163 ; v. 43.
Nij)ho2:)sis, J. Sm., v. 43.
Nothocklaena, Br., v. 107.

Ocliropteris, J. Sm., ii, 54.
Odontoloma, J. Sm., i. 151, 174.
Odontosoria, Pr., i. 185.
Oleandra, Cav., iv. 156.
Olfersia, Eaddi, v. 194, 195, 254.
Onoclea, Metten., iv. 160.
Onychium, Klfs., ii. 120.
O'K'Jihnnys', Fee, iv. 60.
Oniilluij>t(ris, Ag., ii. 195.
Ortlwgramma, Pr., iii. 2.
Orthogramme, Fee, iii. 76.
Osmunda, L., iv. 160.
Oxygonium, Pr., iii. 76.
Oxygonium, J. Sm., v. 154.

Palloiiium, Pr., v. 186.
P((niru/(trla, Colla, i. 64.
Paral>hchnum, Pr., iii. 42.
Pitragramme, Moore, v. 60.
Parkeria, Hook., ii. 231.
Patania, Br., i. 65, 73.
Pellaa, Lk., ii. 130.
Pcltapteris, Link, v. 252.
Peltochlccna, Fee, iv. 6.
Peranema, Don, i. 58.

314

TllIBESj SUBORDERS, AND GENERA.

Phaneropklebia, Br., iv. 6.
PJiegopteris, Pr., iv. 163, 231.
Phlehodium, Pr., iv. 163 ; v. 16.
PJiorolohus, Desv., ii. 126.
Photinopteris, J. Sm., v. 194, 281.
Phymatodes, Pr., iv. 163 ; v. 55.
Physematum, Klfs., i. 59, 60.
Pinonia, Gaud., i. 82.
Plagioffyria,'NLetten., iii. 2, 19.
Platycerium, Desv., v. 282.
Platyloma, J. Sm., ii. 130.
Platyzoma, Br., i. 2.
Plecosorus, Fee, ii. 103.
Plectochlcena, Fee, iv. 60.
Plectopteris, Fee_, iv. 176.
Pleocnemia,Vr., iv. 60, 61.
Pleopeltis, H.B.K., iv. 163 ; v. 55.
Pleuridium, Fee, iv. 163.
Pleurogramme, Pr., v. 121, 124.
Pleurosorus,Fee,Y. 125, 137,138.
Podopeltis, Fee, iv. 6.
Pcecilopteris, Eschw., v. 194, 258.
Polyhotrya, H. B. K., v. 194, 244.
PoLYPODIACEiE (Tr.), i. 14.

Polypodies (Svibord.), iv. 163.
Polypodium, L., iv. 163.
Polystichuni, Schott, iv. 6.
Poiytaenium, Desv., v. 167.
Pronephrium, Pr., iv. 60.
Prosaptia, Pr., i. 151, 160.
Psygmium, Pr., iv. 163.
Pteriglyphis, Fee, iii. 76.
Pteeides (Subord.), ii. 1.
Pteris, X., ii. 154.
Pteropsis, Pr., v. 186.
Pterozonium, Fee, v. 125, 126.

Phagiopteris, Pr., iv. 160.
BMpidopteris, Schott, v. 194, 252.
Bumoria, Raddi, iv. 6.

Saccoloma, Klfs., i. 151, 170.
Sadleria, Klfs., iii. 65.
Sar/ciiia, Pr., iv. 42.
SdlpichJaua, Pr.,_iii. 2, 3, 42, 62.
Schiijfneria, Fee, iv. 3.

Schizocoina, J. Sm., i. 14.
Schizolepton, Moore, v. 189, 191.
Schizoloma, Gaud., i. 203, 219.
ScoUosorus, Moore, v. 167.
ScoLOPENDEiEs (Subord.), iv. 1.
Scolopendrium, Sm., iv. 1,
SelUguea, Bory, v. 125, 155.
Sitolobium, Desv., i. 65, 71.
Solenopteris, Wall., v. 169.
Soromanes, Fee, v. 194, 256.
SphcBvopteris, Bernh., i. 14.
Sphferopteris, Wall., i. 58.
SphcBVOstephanos, J. Sm., iv. 60.
Spicanta, Pr., iii. 42.
Stegania, Br., iii. 2.
Sfegnogramme, Bl., v. 125, 150.
Stenochlmia, J. Sm., v. 194, 241,

249.
Stenolobus, Pr., i. 151.
Stenosemia, Pr., v. 257.
Stenosemia, J. Sm., v. 151.
Struthiopteris,'W\M., iv. 160, 161.
Si/nammia, Pr., v. 18.
SynaphleUum, J. Sm., i. 203, 222.
Sijngramme, J. Sm., v. 125, 151,

152.

Tmiiopsis, J. Sm., v. 176, 180.
Tceniopteris, Hook., v. 176, 177.
Tsenitis, Sw., v. 185.
Tectaria, Cav., iii. 76 ; iv. 6.
Teleozoma, Br., ii. 234.
Thamnopteris, Pr., iii. 76,77.
Thyrsopteris, Kze., i. 64.
Trichomanes, Sm., i. 113.
Tricliofteris, Pr., i. 34, 35.
Trismeria, Fee, v. 125, 149.

Vaginularia, Fee, v. 121.
Vittaria, Sm., v. 176.

Wlhelia, Bernb., i. 151.
Woodsia, Br., i. 59.
Wuodwardia,M.etten.,\\\. 65, 71.
Woodwardia, Sm., iii. 66.

Xyphopteris, Klfs.,iv. 175.

END OF INDEX TO THE WHOLE FIVE VOLUMES.

PEIHTED Ei' J. L-. TAyLOE, LITTLE QUEEN STEEEI, KOLBOEN.

Tab. CCLXXXI.

PoLYPODiUM (Goniophlebitjm) Chacapoyense, J^ooA:. — p, 29.
Portion of a paleaceous caudex, stipites, and sterile and fertile
fronds; nat. size. Fig. 1. Portion of a fertile frond, show-
ing the venation and sori ; magnified.

Tai^caxxxi

T)tch, del, eililh

PaaipliD, imp

Tab. CCLXXXII.

PoLYPODiuM (Campyloneuron) sphenodes, Kzc. — p. 42.
Caudex and sterile and fertile fronds; nat. size. Fig. 1. Por-
tion of a sterile frond, showing the venation ; and Fig. 2.
Portion of a fertile frond, with its venation and sori ; mag-
nified.

Tai,ccuoar//.

Rtdi, del, et lath.

Pampkaana)

Tab. CCXXXIII.

A. AspiDiUM (Polystichum) melanochlamys, Fee. — p. 35.
Fig. 1. Portion of a caudex, base of a stipes, and portion of a

fertile frond : nat. size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinnule. Fig. 3.
Two segments of a fertile pinnule. Fig. 4. Involucre;
more or less magnified.

B. AspiDiuM (Polystichum) melanostictum, Kze. — p. 34.
Fig. 1 . Portion of a fertile frond ; nat. size. Kg. 2. Upper

side of a pinnule ; magnified. Fig. 3. Under side of a fer-
tile pinnule ; magnified. Fig. 4. Involucre ; more magnified.

N.B.— It is requested that, at page 34 of this volume, " Tab. CCXXXIII. A.'
may be corrected to Tab. CCXXXIII. B. ; and that, at page 35, "Tab
CCXXXIII. B." be corrected to Tab. CCXXXIII. A.

The former references to Tab. CCXXXIII. to he cancelled, and this
leaf substitiited.

MCCIXXX/U _

Htfih.del.etlilh,

Tab. CCLXXXIV.

(By mistake, CCLXXIV. on the Plate)

PoLYPODiuM (Phymatodes) sinuosum. Wall. — p. 61.*

Caudex and sterile and fertile fronds; nat. size. Fig. I. Por-
tion of a fertile frond, showing venation and two sori ;
mufjnified. Fig. 2. Scale from the caudex ; magnified.

* At the end of the first line at p. 62, add " (Tab. CCLXXXIV.)."

Tai>, (XLXXHV

Etch, del, etlitb.

r^TrrpTp ^ unp.

Tab. CCLXXXV.

A. PoLYPODiuM (Phymatodes) fusco-punctatum, Hook. — p.

69.
Fig. 1. Caudex and fertile fronds; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion
of a fertile frond, showing the venation and a sorus ; mag-
nified. Fig. 3. Appearance of one of the dots on the frond ;
much magnified.

B. PoLYPODiUM (Phymatodes) Labrusca, Hook. — p. 7^.
Fig. 1 . Portion of a caudex and fertile and sterile fronds ; nat.

size. Fig. 2. Portion of a fertile frond, showing the vena-
tion and sori ; magnified.

TabCCZXTIV

Htch.deLetliih

Pamplm.imp.

Tab. CCLXXXVI.

A. NoTHOCHL^NA Chilensis, Hook — p. 112.

Fig. 1. Fertile fronds; nat. sise. Fig. 2. Upper, and Fig. 3.
Under side of fertile pinnae ; magnified.

B. NoTHOCHLiENA FoHVJAT^A, Kce. — p. 118.

Fig. 1. Fronds; nat. size. Fig. 2. Upper, and Fig. 3, under

side of fertile pinnse ; maymjied. Fig. 4. Portion of a

fertile pinna, showing the hairs on the margin ; more
magnified.

Tab.CClXXXW.

fitch, dd.et 11 tt

'amphn , laip

Tab. CCLXXXVII.

A. NOTHOCHL^NA FRAGILIS, //oo^. — p. 114.

Fig. 1. Fronds; not. size. Fig. 2. Piuna ; magnified. Fig. 3.
Pinnule ; magnified.

B. NOTHOCHLENA AsCHENHORNIANA, Kze. p. 117.

Fig. 1. Fertile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Upper side of a pin-
nule ; magnified. Fig. 3. Portion of a fertile pinnule, seen
from beneath : mo7'e magnifisd.

TaJ), ccuxivn

Fitch, del elliti

Pampkn , unp

Tab. CCLXXXVIII.

A. MONOGRAMME (EuMONOGRAMMe) DARE^CARPA, Ilook. — p.

121.
Fig. 1. Caudex and fronds; nat. size. Fig. 2. Anterior, and
Fig. 3, posterior side of a fertile frond ; magnified. Fig.
4. Transverse section of a frond, showing the sorus ; mag-
nified. Fig. 5. Capsule and abortive ditto ; 'much mag-
nified. Fig. G. Scale from the caudex ; much magnified.

B. Monogramme (Eumonogramme) rostrata, Hook. — p. 122.
Fig. 1. Portion of a caudex, with fertile fronds ; nat. size. Fig.
2 and 3. Front and back view of a fertile frond ; magnified.
Fig. 4. Transverse section of a fertile frond ; magnified.

iCCLXixyin.

Htch.del.ellitii

phn, imp

Tab. CCLXXXIX.

4.. MONOGRAMME (EuMONOGRAMME) SUBFALCATA, HooJi. p.

122.
Fig. 1. Caudex and fertile fronds; nat. size. Fig. 2 and 3.
Back and front view of a portion of a fertile frond ; mag-
nified. Fig. 4. Transverse section of the fertile portion of
a frond ; more magnified.

B. MoNOGRAMME (Eumonogramme) Junghuhnii, Hook. — p..
123.
Fig. 1. Portions of the caudex, with fronds; 7iat. size. Fig. 2.
Portion of a fertile part, including the upper portion of a
sorus ; magnified. Fig. 3. Portion of a solitary sorus ;
and Fig'. 4, portion of a douhle sorus ; more magnfied.

TaACO-LimX.

Filch, dsi el. litli.

r arnplm , imp

Tab. CCXC.

Gymnogramme (Eugymnogramme) Mathewsii, Hook. — p.
128.
Fig. 1. Fertile frond ; nat.size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinnule ; mag-
nified.

raM,CCXC

Htch,de!,etlith

Tab. CCXCI.

Gymnogramme (Eugymnogramme) decipiens, Metten. — p.
132.
Fig. 1 . Portion of a caudex, with sterile and fertile fronds ; nat.
size. Fig. 2. Fertile pinna ; magnified. Fig. 3. Sori and
veins ; moi-e magnified.

raj>.ccici

fxtdi.deL.etMi

Pair phn. imp.

Tab. CCXCII.

GVMNOGRAMME (EuGYMNOGRAMMe) GRACILIS, Hew. p. 139.

Fig. 1. Portion of a sterile frond ; and Fig. 2. Pinna of a fer-
tile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 3. Portion of a fertile segment,
showing venation and sori ; magnified.

Toib.ccxcn.

Etch., del et Iith

Pamplm.iinp

Tab. CCXCIII.

Gymnogramme (Etjgymnogramme) svBsiuit.is, Hook. — p. 142.
Fig. 1 . Portion of a fertile frond ; not. size. Fig. 2. Portion of
a fertile pinnule, with sorus ; magnified.

Tab,C'C^CI/I

riLch,del,etlitlL

Pan^hn , imp

Tab. CCXCIV.

Gymnogramne (Eugymnogramme) decurrenti-alata, Hook.
—p. 142.
Fig. 1. Lower prim.iry pinna of a fertile frond; and Fig. 2,
apex of a frond; nat. size. Fig. 3. Portion of a pinnnle,
with sori ; magnified.

M.CCXCIV

Tltcli,del,ethtli

Paanphn • imp.

Tab. CCXCV.

Gymnogramme (Eugymnogramme) Muelleri, i/oo^. — p. 143.
Fig. 1 . Portion of a caudex and fertile fronds ; nat. size. Fig.
2. Portion of a fertile pinna, with the scales partially re-
moved, showing the veins and sori ; maynified. Fig. 3.
Scale of the frond ; more magnified.

TaJ?, CCICV

Fitcii.de.l,et lit

Pampbi,iciy.

Tab. CCXCVI.

Gymnogramme (Dictvogramme) podophylla, Hook. — p. 152.

Fig. 1. Sterile and fertile fronds ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Upper

side of a segment, showing the venation ; magnified. Fig.

3. Portion of a fertile segment, showing venation and sori ;

more magnified.

Tai>, CCIC^

'ampbu.

Tab. CCXCVII.

Gymnogramme (Syngramme) quinata, Hook. — p. 152.

Fig. 1. Fertile frond ; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a pinna, with
sori ; magmfied. Fig. 3. Fertile portion of a pinna, from
near the margin ; more magnified.

TiU' CCTC'yJi

rrtch.del.etlitli

Pam:h::

Tab. CCXCVTII.

GyMNOGRAMME? (SyNGRAMME?) SUBTRTFOLIATA,/ir00^. — p. 152.

Fig. 1. Sterile frond; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a sterile
pinna, showing the venation ; magnified.

rab.coxcvjii

rJ.i, del,etlilh

Pampliii.ini^

Tab. CCXCIX.

Gymnogramme (Syngramme) obtusifolia, Hook. — p. 153.
Fig. 1. Portion of a caudex, with sterile and fertile fronds ; nat.
size. Fig. 2. Portion of a sterile frond, showing the vena-
tion ; magnified. Fig. 3. Portion of a fertile frond, with
sori ; magnified.

TaJ?. CCXCJX

Titdh,del,etlitli.

Pamplm , imp

Tab. CCC.

Gymnogramme (Syngramme) Lobbiana, Hook. — p. 133.

Fig. 1. Portion of a caudex, with sterile and fertile fronds ;
nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of a sterile frond, showing the
venation ; magnified. Fig. 3. Portion of a fertile frond,
with sori ; magnified.

MCCC

ritcli,del,etliii.

Pamplm,rmp

Tab. CCCI.

Gymnogramme (Syngramme) Borneensis, Hook. — p. 154.
Fig. 1. Caiidex and sterile and fertile fronds; nat. size. Fig.
2. Portion of a fertile frond, with sori ; and Fig. 3. Por-
tion of a fertile frond, showing the venation ; magnified.

n^,ccci^

ntdi.Aeleihtli

Fimphn .imp

Tab. CCCII.

Gymnogramme (Syngramme) Wallichii, Hook. — p. 155.
Fig. 1 . Portion of a caudex, with sterile and fertile fronds ; nat.
size. Fig. 2. Portion of a fertile frond, with sori, showing
the venation ; magnified.

'X-C/l

Ru-b,del et htt

rampE , ^rnp

Tab. CCCIII.

Gymnogramme (Selliguea) Wrightii, Hook. — p. 160.

Fig. 1. Caudex and fertile fronds; nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion
of a sterile frond, showing the venation ; magnified. Fig.
3. Portion of a fertile frond, showing its venation and sori ;
magnified.

Tcd.CVCI// _

Etch, del eLliti.

Pampjn.aiif)

Tab. CCCIV.

AcRosTiCHTJM (Gymnopteris) tricuspe, Hook. — p. 272.

Fig. 1 . Portion of a caudex, with sterile frond ; nat. size. Fig.
2. Fertile frond : nat. size. Fig. 3. Portion of a sterile
frond, showing the venation ; and Fig. 4, portion of a fer-
tile frond, with sorus, some of which is removed to show
the venation ; magnified.

roAcVCI^:

Fiui.del etli{h

PamWiTi imr

■■»

•■if i lii

In 1 mMmM

III 1

■JtAiiiiti ■

t

11

!l