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Companions, Dictionaries & Encyclopedias
2" F°remaD: C°"ins Nationa| Encyclopedia
' Tbe
ia Encyclopedia 1L The
- A,exeyev, Kartsov ft Troitskv -
Clitics 15. Kapur: Story of Mankind 18. Manfred A Sto v H ? , World through Ages 20 Suslhan Sarkar ° Short History of the World '
22.
Basic
TraditioDS Tod
Meterialism and E mpirio C ri ticis m Historical Material 27. Marx & En^eK Corn Forth: Diaiectica, ' ** *'
T
&
13
29.
a,
i : The ^twoe of : The State '7. Loon: The ™W™ : Our G!impse of History 21. Wells : A
MateriaHsn, & Psychology
ian and Scientific 24. Ivochufc Socia1^ Ideology and Culture
: ABC of Dialectical and °f the Com~ P-ry 28. Maurice
Scares : An Intro-
/-it. i. . Charlton M. Lewis : The
a £ 27
Principles of English Verse 35. Christopher Caudwell . Illusion and Reality 36. Classen : Lectures on Style and Composition 37. Coombes : Literature and Criticism 38. Cunningham: The Problem of Style 39. Damian Grant : Realism 40 David Daiches : Poetry and the Modern World 41. Day Lewis : Poetry for you 42. Denis Saurat : Modern French Liter- ature 43. Edward Thomas: A. C. Swinburne - A Critical Study. 44. Eliot : The Sacred Wood 45, Elizebeth Drew : Poetry : A modern guide to its understanding and enjoyment 46. Emile Legouis : A History of English Literature 47, George A. C. : Critics and Criticism 48. Wilkinson : How to read Literature 49. George Reavey : Soviet Literature To day (1946) 50 George Thomson: Marxism and Poetry 51. Herford : National and International ideals in the English poets 52. Howard Fast : Literature and Reality 53. Hudson ; (a) An Introduction to the Study of Literature (b) An Outline History of English Literature 54. Jagdlsh Shivpun : Six Modern English Poets 55. James Reaves: Understanding Poetry 56. John Berger : The Success and Failure of Picasso 57. John Heath-Stubbs : The Verse Satire 58. Kulikova & Zis : Marxist Leninist Aesthetics and Life 59. Laura Riding & Robert Graves : A Survey of Modernist Poetry 60. Laurence Binion : Tradition and Reaction in Modern Poetry. 61. Leavis : New Bearings in English Poetry 62. Lenin : On Literature and Art 63. Leonard Unger : Seven Modern American Poets 64. Lunacharsky : On Literature and Art. 65. Marguerite Wilkinson : New Voices 66. Maurice Nadeau : The History of Surrealism 67. Maxim Gorky : On Literature 68. Michael Millgate : Tennyson 69. Mullik (a) Theory of Literature (b) Modern Lite- rature , 70. Nambudripad : Marxism and Literature 71. Omond : English Metrists 72, Piekhaoov . Art and Social Life 73. Prasad : An Introduction to English Criticism 74, Rene Wellek & Austin Warren : Theory of Literature 75. Rees : An Introduction to English Literature 76. Richards : Principles of Literary Criticism 77. Srinivasa lyengar: Introduction] to the Study of English Literature 78. Strong : Common Sense about Poetry 79. Vladimir Sh-herbina : Lenin and problems of Literature 80. William Allan Neilson: Essentials of Poetry 81. William K. Winsatt & Cleanth Brooks: Literary Criticism
82. Winchester : Some Principles of Literary Criticism
(E) Anthologies & Compilations
83. Edgar Allan Poe : Great Tales and i'oems of Edgar Allan Poe 84. Kazi Nazrul Islam: The Rebel and other Poems 85. Maupassant : The Short Stories ot Guy de Maupassant 86. Mayakovsky: Vladimir Mayakovsky's Poems 87. Michael Roberts ; The Faber Book of Modern Verse 88. Oliver Bernard : Rimbaud, Selected Verse 89. Oscar Williams : The pocket Book of Modern Verse 90. Palgrave : The Golden Treasury 91. Ramana Reddy : Sri Sri Miscellany 92. Sri Sri : Soudamini 93. William H. Marshall : The Major Victorian Poets.
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This Book- was first written as a Doctoral Dissertation acd was submitted the Andhra University in 1977 Cec. The Author got his Ph. D. in 1978 and the Best Thesis Medal, thereafter. Subsequently the original Thesis was modified, revised and adapted as a Literary Criticism with Marxist Outlook in 1979-80 and is published in 1980 in connection with SRISRl'S 70th Birthday celebrations
Title of the Book in Telugu
English meaning of the Title
Short name of the Author
Full name, & designation
Address
Copyright
SRISRiKAVITWAM : VASTUVU -
SAMVIDHANAM 1926 - 47
A Critical Study of SRISRI'S Poetry
with special reference to Content & Technique
MIRIYALA RAMAKRISHNA
Dr. Miriyala Ramakrishna Rao, M.A. Ph.D,
Lecturer in Telugu, P. R. Govt. College, Kakinada
10-4-23 Kakinada - 4 D Dr. M. R. Rao
D Text Printing : Sri Durga Press, Kakinada o Cover Design : Sri BAPLJ D Back Cover Photo : Sri N. Sivannarayana Q Inner Cover Design : Sri ESWAR Q Blocks : Sri Lakshmi Enterprises o Cover Printing : Swatantra Art Printers O Publisher i M. Lakshmi Devi Q First impression 1000 Copies - 642 Pages
O Year of Publication : 1980.
PRICE : @ Rs. 60-00 For Copies : Smt. M. LAKSftMJ DEVI
10-4-23 ICAJC1NADA-4
Impressions
SriSri is the herald of an epoch,
Ph. D. §&fT £>35o CSo $'&r>\ , ^r* 3^£r° protagonist of a school of thought, a
torch-bearer of a movement and in short is the Poet of the Age in the Modern Telugu Literary World. It is rather a stupendous task to explore, interpret and assess him in the right perspective. It
§° requires a particular type of mental
f
training, taste and talent on the part of
his Critic and Commentator. Curiously o/
rri&rr* MX^rfnTr^ ^n&v^x^ enough, Dr. Miriyala Ramakrishna Rao,
w fv) t\) \.s <\JU o«J O* VJ f > rO QT U&,XjUCOfvJ ° *^ "
1980 eS^6 an a<^ePt ^n ^e JuvenHe poetry set him-
self to the task at my instance and accomplished it quite laudably just as a burning bulb bears testimony to the life b~~ of the electric power.
Jr-
SriSri becomes more alive on account of Sri Mira's endeavour. I congratulate
Mira on his performance... added incentive.
—Prof. Dr. 5. V. JOGARAO
Research Director, Andhra University, Formerly Professor of Telugu, University of Leningrad, U. S. S.
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. An Anthology of World Poetry, Degneration
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(A) Companions, Dictionaries & Encyclopedias
1. Floren Elliott: A Dictionary of Politics 2. Foreman: Collins National Encyclopedia 3, Harvey & Hessel Tine : The Oxford Companion to French Literature 4. Hornstem ^ Percy Brown : The Reader's Companion to World Literature (R. C. W. L.) 5. Joseph T. Shipley : DictioEary of World Literary Terms 6. Moore : A Dictionary of Geography 7. Palmer : A Dictionary of Modern History 8. Ronald Ridout & Clifford Hitting : The Facts of English 9. Rosenthal & Yudin : A Dictonary of Philosophy 10. The Columbia Encyclopedia 1 L The Random House Dictionary of English.
(B) Biography, History & Politics
12. Alcxeyev, Kartsov & Troitskv : A Short History of the U. S. SB R. 13, Alice Magenis & John Conrad Appel : A History of the World 14. Appadorai : The Substance of
Politics 15. Kaptir: Principles of Political Science 16. Lenin: The State 17. Loon: The Story of Mankind 18. Manfred: A Story History of the World 19. Nathanial Platt : Our World through Ages 20' Susobhan Sarkar : A Marxian Glimpse of History 21. Wells : A Short History of the World.
(C) Socio-political Philosophy, Materialism & Psychology
22. Brill : Basic Principles of Psychoanalysis 23. Engels : (a) The Part played by Labour ia the transition from Ape to Man (b) Socialism : Utopian and Scientific 24. Ivochuk: Philosophical Traditions Today 25. Lenin : (a) On Socialist Ideology and Culture (b) Meterialism and Empirio Criticism 26. Lenina Ilitskaya : ABC of Dialectical and
Historical Materialism 21. Marx & Engels : Manifesto of the Communist parry 28. Maurice Cora Forth ; Dialectical Materialism
(D) Literary Cilticism5 Art, Rhetoric, Aesthetics & History of Literature
29, Abercrorobe : Principles of Literary Criticism 30 Anthony X. Soares : An Intro- duction to the Study of Literature 31. Arthur Pollard i Satire 32. Basil Worsfold : Judge- ment in Literature 33. Charles Chadwick : Symbolism 34. Charlton M. Lewis : The
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Principles of English Verse 35. Christopher Caudwell . Illusion and Reality 36. Classen: Lectures on Style and Composition 37. Coombes : Literature and Criticism 38. Cunningham: The Problem of Style 39. Daraian Grant : Realism 40 David Daiches : Poetry and the Modern World 41. Day Lewis : Poetry for you 42. Denis Saurat : Modern French Liter- ature 43. Edward Thomas: A. C. Swinburne - A Critical Study. 44. Eliot : The Sacred Wood 45, Elizebeth Drew : Poetry : A modern guide to its understanding and enjoyment 46. Emile Legouis : A History of English Literature 47. George A. C. : Critics and Criticism 48. Wilkinson : How to read Literature 49. George Reavey : Soviet Literature Today (1946) 50 George Thomson: Marxism and Poetry 51. Herford : National and International ideals in the English poets 52. Howard Fast : Literature and Reality 53. Hudson ; (a) An Introduction to the Study of Literature (b) An Outline History of English Literature 54. Jagdlsh Shivpuri : Six Modern English Poets 55. James Reaves : Understanding Poetry 56. John Berger : The Success and Failure of Picasso 57. John Heath-Stubbs : The Verse Satire 58. KuHkova & Zis : Marxist Leninist Aesthetics and Life 59. Laura Riding & Robert Graves: A Survey of Modernist Poetry 60. Laurence Binion : Tradition and Reaction in Modern Poetry. 61. Leavis : New Bearings in English Poetry 62. Lenin : On Literature and Art 63. Leonard Unger ; Seven Modern American Poets 64. Lunacharsky : On Literature and Art. 65. Marguerite Wilkinson ; New Voices 66. Maurice Nadeau : The History of Surrealism 67. Maxim Gorky : On Literature 68. Michael Millgate : Tennyson 69. Mullik (a) Theory of Literature (b) Modern Lite- rature { 70. Nambudripad : Marxism and Literature 71. Ornond : English Metrists 72. Plekhanov . Art and Social Life 73. Prasad : An Introduction to English Criticism 74. Rene Wellek & Austin Warren : Theory of Literature 75. Rees : An Introduction to English Literature 76. Richards : Principles of Literary Criticism 77. Srinivasa lyengar: Introduction] to the Study of English Literature 78. Strong : Common Sense about Poetry 79. Vladimir Shoherbma : Lenin and problems of Literature 80. William Allan Neilson: Essentials of Poetry 81. Wiiliam K. Winsatt & Cleanth Brooks: Literary Criticism
82. Winchester : Some Principles of Literary Criticism
(E) Anthologies & Compilations
83. Edgar Allan Poe: Great Tales and ^oems of Edgar Allan Poe 84. Kazi Nazrul Islam: The Rebel and other Poems 85. Maupassant : The Short Stories ot Guy de Maupassant 86. Mayakovsky : Vladimir Mayakovsky's Poems 87. Michael Roberts ; The Faber Book of Modern Verse 88. Oliver Bernard : Rimbaud, Selected Verse 89. Oscar Williams : The pocket Book of Modern Verse 90. Palgrave : The Golden Treasury 91. Ramana Reddy : Sri Sri Miscellany 92. Sri Sri : Soudamini 93. William H. Marshall : The Major Victorian Poets.
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Poe's short stories and poems are miracles of precision. Each word is in place. Every sentence is constructed with the aim of contributing sharply to the ultimate and clearly envisioned effect.2
The Raven, To Helen, Annabel Lee, Ulalume,
Eulafie, For Annie
The Bells
The Bells
The Bells
r/76 Bei/S
HEAR the sledges with the bells— Silver beiis
What a world of merriment their melody
foretells!
How they tinkle, tinkle, tinkle, In the icy air of night!
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While the stars that oversprinkle All the heavens seems to twinkle -
With a crystalline delight; Keeping time, time, time, In a sort of Runic rhyme,
To the tintinnabulation that so musically wells From the bells, bells, bells, bells,
Bells, bells, bells — From the jingling and the tinkling of the bells-
1 The Oxford companion to English Literature.
2 Introduction ; Great Tales and Poems of Edgar Allan Poea
Hear the mellow wedding bells* Golden bells!
What a world of happiness their harmony
foretells! Through the balmy air of night
How they ring out the!/ delight! From the molten^golden notes*
And all in tune* What a liquid ditty floats To the turtle-dove that listens^ while she gloats
On the moon!
Oh, from out the sounding cells What a gush of euphony voluminously wells!
How it swells! How it dwells On the Future! how it tells Of the rapture that Impels
To the swinging and the ringing Of the bells, bells9 bells.
Of the bells, bells, bells, bells Bells, bells, bells-™
To the rbyming ar.d the chiming of the bells!
Ill
Hear the loud alarum bells— Brazen bells!
What a tale of terror,, now* their turbulency
tells! In the startled ear of night
How they scream out their affright! Too much horrified to speak,
They can only shriek, shriek. Out of tune,
la a clamorous appealing to the mercy
of the fire.
In a mad expostulation with the deaf and
frantic firef
Leaping higher* higher, higher* With a desperate desire,
And a resolute endeavor Now— now to sit, or never, By the side of the pale-faced moon, Gh9 the bellss bells, bells!
What a tale their terror tells
Of despair!
How they clang, and clash, and roart What a horror they outpour
On the bosom of the palpitating air!
Yet the ear it fully knows, By the twanging, And the clanging*
How the danger ebbs and flows;
Yet the ear distinctly tells, In the jangling* And the wrangling,
How the daoger sinks and swells, By the sinking or the swelling in the anger of
the bells— Of the bells—
Of the bells, bells, bells, bells, Bells, bells, bells—- la the clamor and the clangor of the bells:
IV
Hear the tolling of the bells —
Iron bells!
What a world of solemn thought their melody
compels!
In the silence of the nights How we shiver with affright
At the melancholy menace of their tone!
For every sound that floats
From the rust within their throats Is a groan.
And the people— ah, the people—
They that dwell up in the steeple,
All aloaef
And who tolling, tolling, tolling,
In that muffled monotone^ Feel a glory in so rolling
On the human heart a stOBe—
They are neither man nor woman- They are neither brute nor human
They are Ghouls:
And their king it is who tolls;
And he rollss ro!ls5 rolls, Rolls
Apaean from the bells! And his merry bosom swells With the of the bells!
And he dances, and he yells.
Keeping time, time, time. In a sort of Runic rhyme. To the paean of the bells— Of the bells:
Keeping time, time, time, In a sort of Runic rhyme, To the throbbing of the bells-
The Bellsrfb Ironbellsjfc
Of the bells, bells, bells—
To the sobbing of the bells; Keeping time, time, time,
As he knells, knells, knells, In a happy Runic rhyme.
To the rolling of the bells — Of the bells, bells, bells -
To the tolling of the bells,
Of the bells, bells, bells, bells- Bells, bells, bells— To the moaning and the groaning of the bells.3
Silver bells, Golden bells, Brazen
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MARCHING SONG
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March on, march
The drum resounds in the sky above,
the earth below is all agog,
You the corps of youth of the scarlet dawn
March on, march on !
We shall knock at the door of dawn as usher in the bright red morning We shall put an end to the Murky night and to obstacles as big as the mountains.
We shall sing the song of the ever new
and shall liven up the cremation ground
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We shall import new life and fresh
strength in the arms.
March on, new youth. Listen carefully to the call of life on the threshold of death ! Break, break the barriers — March, march ! Let us march on!
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Above, thunder rolls out the command You soldiers pledged to martyrdom raoster, march out in all directions and open up the Chamber of sleep ! Long ago you lost the royal status* you the wanderer still longs for the past and sings and sheds tears*
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skill and a great richness of sound, with complex rhythms, intricate patterns of allite- ration and assonance and rich riming. Sometimes, the sound is so enthralling that it becomes cloying or hypnotic, and the reader suddenly realizes that he is reading along happily without the least notion of what is bein^ said. He may even go back and find that nothing is being said"5 ^^^ fce{&«5\ 1 00*3
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"In his review, 'The Poems of Dante Gabriel Rpssetti (1870)* Swinburne pointed to the Qualities distinguishing great poetry from that which is merely good; and though his language is excessively florid, the description may usefully serve to indicate the qualities which Swinburne strove to achieve in his own work : "strength, sweetness, affluence. simplicity, depth, light, harmony, variety, bodily grace and range of nittd and force of soul and ease of flight, the scope and sweep of wing to impel the might and weight of thought through the air and light of speech with a motion as of mere musical impulse; and not less the live bloom of perfect words,.*.. ..the rare and ineffable mark of a supreme singing power, an element too subtle for solution in any crucible analysis*^
5 The Reader's Companion to World Literature.
6 The Major Victorian Poets.
400
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command of the sound effects of his verse is nothing short of marvelous. To this melody, he brought Bother qualities of greatness — a sense of form intensity and sensuousness" 8 aa l^kt) rtbSo-D e)o^TrD§£3Sr«0^B<)^5oo ^oa^^-o^TV "*xl)
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7 The Sacred Wood.
8 The Reader's Companion to World Literature*
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: <fOrdiDary CommunicatioE demands only the use of certain techniques,
but art requires their fusion in such a way that all contribute to the wholesome of the given poem or painting; the integration of sound and color, the significant ordering of detail, must achieve totality of effect, the intensity of expression, from which the derives its greatness,"™ »sr& W. H. MARSHALL
9 A. C. Swinburne: A Critical Study.
10 The Major Victorian Poets.
2
e^p\^ qe)c3&£§r s "What we get in Swinburne is an expression by
^^»
could not possibly associate Itself with music. For what he gives Is not images and Ideas and music, it is one thing with a curious mixture of suggestions of all three" n
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stance is so subdued to the musical form of verse. It is not thought set to music, but music wh.ch has absorbed thought. 1*
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14 A. C. Swinburne: A Critical Study.
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If love were what the rwe is And I were like the leaf Our lives would grow together In sad or singing weather Blown fields or flowerfel closes
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1 LENIN: On Socialist Ideabgy and Culture 37 P8
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