AGRIC, DEPT, &*

AGRICULTURAL SERIES NO. 1
JANUARY 2, 1894.

WEEKLY.
PRICE, $12.50 PER YEAR.

THE STANDARD

HORSE AND STOCK

..BOOK..

BY PROF. D. MAGNER

Assisted in special departments by thirteen of America's leading
Veterinary Surgeons and Inspectors.

®vcr Seventeen fbunfcrefc ffllustrations,

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

THE WERNER COMPANY,
AKRON, OHIO.

Copyright, 1893, The Werner Company.

MAGNER'S STANDARD

HORSE AND STOCK BOOK

A Complete Pictorial Encyclopedia of Practical Reference
for Horse and Stock Owners,

COMPRISING

ALL SECRETS OF TAMING, CONTROLLING, AND EDUCATING UNBROKEN AND Vicious

HORSES, WITH THE DETAILS OF BREAKING UP ALL HABITS TO

WHICH HORSES ARE SUBJECT; THEIR ABUSES,

DISEASES, AND REMEDIES.

ALSO

FULL DESCRIPTIONS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

OF THE VARIOUS BREEDS OF CATTLE; SHEEP RAISING; SWINE AND THEIR DISEASES,
THE POULTRY INTEREST; THE DOG AND HIS AILMENTS, BEE CULTURE;
FRUIT CULTURE; GRAFTING; INSECTS INJURIOUS TO
FRUIT, ETC.; AND A PLEA FOR BIRDS.

Comprising <S>x>er 1200 pages anfc 1756 Illustrations.

BY D. MAGNER,

AUTHOR OF THE NEW SYSTEM OF TAMING AND EDUCATING HORSES, INDORSED BY ROBERT BONNER, ESQ.,
AND ALL LEADING EXPERTS, AS THE BEST IN THE WORLD ;

Assisted in Special Departments by JAS. HAMILL, D. V. S., Pres't Nat'l Vet. Med. Ass'n ; CHAS. A.
MEYER, D. V. S., Editor Veterinary Gazette, N. Y.; JOHN A. MCLAUGHLIN, D. y. S., EX- Veteri-
nary Inspector N. J. State Board of Health ; D. G. SUTHERLAND, Ex-Pres't Mich. S"tate Vet.
Ass'n ; PAUL PAQUIN, A. M., V. S., Prof, of Vet. Science in State Ag. College, Columbia,
Mo.; T. BENT COTTON, M. D., V. S., Pres't O. St. Vet. Ass'n and Vice-Pres. Nat'l Med.
Vet. Ass'n'; Dr. B. C. MCBETH, Sec'y Mich. St. Vet. Ass'n, Hon. Mem. N. Y. St.
Ac. of Vet. Science; J. A. DELL, V. S., Pres't Mich. St. Vet. Ass'n ; A. J.
CHANDLER, V. S., V.-Pres. Mich. St. Vet. Ass'n ; S. BRENTON, V. S.,
Ex-Pres't Mich. State Vet. Ass'n; WM. JOPLING, V. S., Treas.
Mich. St. Vet. Ass'n ; A. I. ROOT, Aujhor of " A B C of

Bee Culture;" JOHN A. ADAMS, •Horticulturist. ^ ,,,

CHICAGO :
WERNER COMPANY.

1SQS

Copyright 1887

by

D. MAGNER

Copyright 1898

by
THK WERNER COMPANY

Leading Veterinary Surgeons who assisted in preparing the Medical and Stock Departments ot
"The Standard Horse and Stock Book."

1 JAMES HAMILL, D. V. S. 2 T. BENT. COTTON, V. S. 3 PAUL PAQUIN, A. M. V. S.

4 A. J. CHANDLER, V. S. 5 JOHN A.McLAUGHLiN.V.S. 6 CHAS. A. MEYER, V. S.

7 D. G. SUTHERLAND, V. S. 8 DR. B. C. McBETH. 9 J. A. DELL, V. S.

10 S. BRENTON. V. S.

PREFACE.

THERE are eleven million horses in the United States, and
not one man in a million who knows how to educate them
to the highest degree of usefulness. We say educate ; for the
horse is an animal of high and spirited organization, endowed by
his Creator with capabilities and faculties which sufficiently re-
semble man's to come under the same general law of education
and government. Primarily, the word educate means to lead out
or lead up ; and it is by the process of leading out and leading
up a child's faculties that the child becomes a useful man, and it
is by a like process that a colt becomes a useful horse. Now,
teachers, like poets, are born, not made. Only a few are gifted
to see into and through any form of highly organized life,
discern its capacities, note the interior tendencies which produce
habits, and discover the method of developing the innate forces
until they reach their noblest expression, and then apply the
true and sufficient guidance and government. The few who have
this gift are teachers indeed, and, next to the mothers- of the
world, deserve the world's applause as foremost among its ben-
efactors.

Next to child training and government comes horse training
and government ; and which is the least understood, it were

*This preface was written by a gentleman well known in the world of let-
ters, and especially famous, not only as a lover of fine horses, but as a high
authority on all matters concerning them. Learning that I had in preparation a
new work, he volunteered to write the preface, which is here given as a concise
introduction to the author's own labors, with a high appreciation of the compli-
ment paid him by the distinguished writer, in the personal allusion, the publi-
cation of which demands no apology when its high source is considered.

(iii)

iv PREFACE.

hard to say. Boys and colts, so much alike in friskiness and
stubbornness, both are misunderstood and abused in equal ratio.
The boys are shaken and whipped, and the colts are yanked,
kicked, and pounded. That high-spirited or slow-witted boys be-
come good men, and high-spirited or dull colts make serviceable
horses, I conceive is due to the grace of God more than to man's
agency, — that fine grace, I mean, spread abroad through and ex-
isting in all His creatures, which operates in regenerating con-
tinually, making the good better, and preventing those whose
circumstances forbid their becoming good from becoming ab-
solutely bad.

The author of this book is known to me as one of the
gifted ones of the earth, because he is gifted to discern the na-
ture of animals, and educate them for man's service. The pos-
session of this gift suggested his mission, and well has he fol-
lowed it, and by it been educated himself to a degree rarely, if
ever, attained by man before. I doubt if there be on the globe
his equal in knowledge as to the best method of training horses.
Through this volume he seeks to give the public the benefit of
his experience. I bespeak for it the careful perusal of the curi-
ous, and of those especially whose judgment and heart alike
prompt them to seek for and promulgate knowledge, which, be-
ing popularized, would make the people more humane and horses
more serviceable.

W. H. H. M.

LAW OF COPYRIGHTS.

exclusive benefits of copyrights extend to twenty-eight years ,
Jp then renewable for fourteen years ; if the author is dead, to the
heirs j by re-recording, and advertising the re-record for four weeks
in any newspaper in the United States.

The forfeiture of all the books, and a penalty of fifty cents on
each sheet (sixteen pages) of the work, half to the United States,
and half to the author, is the penalty for publishing or importing
any work without the written consent of the author ; and the
printer is equally liable with the publisher.

Entries must be sent to the Librarian of Congress at Wash-
ington, D. C. The laws are found in Vol. IV. of the United
States Statutes, pages 4.36—4.39.

fj^*' This Work, with " Facts for Horse Owners" from which
the part on the horse is taken, is protected by three separate
Copyrights, covering, first, its Title ; second, its Literary Composi-
tion; and third, .its Engravings. "H^H

There are also three patents covering important methods of
subjection and treatment given in this book. First, a simple means
of subjection by which any horse, however vicious, balky, or un-
manageable, can be put in harness, subdued, and driven gently with-
out danger of accident. Second, a method by which headstrong,
lunging, runaway horses can be controlled directly, and so subdued
by the pressure of the reins upon the nerve centers, that he will
soon submit to the ordinary restraint of the bit. Third, a method
of preventing and curing contraction and quarter-crack — an ab-
solute cure for quarter-crack, with freedom to drive on any road
as desired, without causing the hoof to split back as it grows —
guaranteed a means of perfect cure. Fourth (patent pending), a
method by which most horses pulling or lugging on the bit, will
drive safely and easily to a pleasant and easy restraint of the reins.

Jl^0 Purchasers of this Work or " Facts for Horse Owners "
from the author or his agents, will be entitled to the use of either
or all of these patents (for personal use only), without extra
charge ; all others using them will be subject to legal proceed-
ings. ~^H (V)

Veterinary Surgeons,

fWENTY-FIVE years ago, there were but very few veterinary surgeons
in the country, and these were located exclusively in the larger cities ; and
there were no veterinary schools for their instruction. During recent
years, the better informed classes of the community have become so awakened
to the importance of treating the diseases of domestic animals intelligently,
in accordance with scientific principles, that there have been established

quite a number of well-conducted veterinary colleges in this country and

•
Canada ; and in consequence there are now to be found, in most of the larger

towns in all the States, intelligent, well-trained, and competent

men, who have graduated from such colleges.

Now, I am in a position to know that the training in these schools is de-
signed to be very thorough, and that those at their head are well qualified
for their positions i and a certificate of graduation from any of these
colleges should be sufficient to give entire confidence in the competency of
the person holding it, and entitle him to the encouragement of stock owners.
It cannot be denied that veterinary surgeons trained in this way are, as a
class, among the most useful and hard-working men in any of the prof es-
sions,and should be respected and encouraged accordingly.

S°> if V°u have a horse or other animal that has been injured or become
sick, especially if a valuable animal, it is by all means advisable to call in
a veterinary surgeon, provided there be one within reach; and this
should be done at once, without the hazard of delay. No matter how plain
the instructions given in this book may seem, the safest and wisest course
will be to employ such a man, if available. Even though a man is not
a regular graduate, if he has the reputation of being successful in practice, it
will be best to employ him.

In this, as in other professions, there are men who have such natural
ability as to become very successful in practice. If I had a horse taken
sick, even though I knew just what to do, I should be induced to call in the
aid of a veterinary surgeon, if there was one obtainable. So do not give
the cold shoulder to the veterinary who may come with proper qual-
ifications to locate in your neighborhood, but extend to him the encouragement
of your early and cordial support.

(vi)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART Fl RST.

CHAPTEE I.
Preliminary Explanations.

The Instincts of Lower Animals — Their Remarkable Powers — Adaptation of
Domestic Animals to Special Wants of Man — Principles of Treatment
— Necessary Qualifications for Success in Controlling Vicious Horses. . 25

CHAPTEE II.

Principles and Secrets of the Art of Taming and
Educating Horses.

Special Points of Importance — The War Bridle — Principles of its Application
— The "W," or Breaking Bit — Training the Mouth — Four-ring, or Upper
Jaw Bit— Half-moon Bit— Spoon Bit— Patent Bridle— Foot Strap— Patent
Breaking Rig 52

CHAPTEE III.
Colt Training.

How to Make the Colt Gentle — Teaching to be Ridden, Handled, and to Follow
—Various Methods— Making a Wild Colt Follow Instantly — How to Make
any Sullen Colt Lead — Teaching a Colt or Horse to Follow with the
Whip — Making the Colt Fearless of Objects and Sounds — Driving any
Colt in Harness without Breeching — Training the Mouth, Biting, etc. . 106

CHAPTEE IV.
Fear.

Susceptibility to Fear — How to Prevent and Overcome It — Illustrative Cases —
Fear of Rattle of Wagon — Jumping out of Shafts — Top Carriage — Objects
Exciting Fear while Riding or Driving — A Robe — Umbrella or Parasol —
Sound of a Gun — Hogs and Dogs — Railroad Cars — Insanity. . . . 130

CHAPTEE V.
Kicking.

Causes of Kicking — How to Prevent and Overcome It — Driving any Kicker
without Breeching — Switching Kickers — Kickers in Stall — While Harness-
ing— Nervous Kickers — Kicking while Grooming — Runaway Kickers. , . 148

(vii)

viii CONTEXTS.

CHAPTEE VI.
Running Away.

Runaway Kickers— Different Methods of Controlling the Mouths-How to Hold

any Horse — Lugging, or Pulling upon One Rein — Making a Horse Back. 183

CHAPTEE VII.
Balking.

Preventing the Habit — Different Methods of Starting the Balker — How to Break
up the Habit— Different Tricks Used— Will not Stand when Getting in or
out of a Wagon — Double Balking — An Easy Method of Breaking a Double
Balker 193

CHAPTER VIII.
Bad to Shoe.

Taking up the Colt's Foot — Easy Method of Controlling Colts — Confirmed in
the Habit — Simple Method of Making a Horse Stand to be Shod— The Con-
trol of Very Difficult Cases— Leaning Over. 209

CHAPTEE IX.
Halter -Pulling.

How to Prevent any Colt or Horse from Halter-pulling — How to Break any
Horse of the Habit — Running Back in the Stall when Unhitched — Standing
Without Being Hitched— Hitching any Horse so that he will not Pull after
Two or Three Minutes. . . 222

CHAPTEE X.

Stallions.

Care in their Management — Treatment for Headstrong Stallions — Treatment for
Very Vicious Stallions — How to Subdue and Control any Stallion so that
he can be Called away from a Mare in a few Minutes — Special Tests Illus-
trating the Ease with which this can be Done 232

CHAPTEE XI.
Checking and Blinders.

Cruelty of Checking — The Foolishness of the Practice — Injurious to the Horse

— Covering the Eyes — A Bad, Senseless Custom. ..... 246

CHAPTEE XII.
The Mule.

His Subjection and Management. . . . 263

CHAPTEE XIII.
Miscellaneous Habits.

Cribbing — Wind-sucking — Putting the Tongue out of the Mouth — Pawing in
Stall — Kicking in Stall — Getting Cast in Stall — Jumping over Fences —
Tender-bitted — Kicking Cows— To Lead a Cow Easily 266

CHAPTEE XI V.
Teaching Tricks.

To Follow by the Whip— To Throw Boys— To Drive without Reins— To Tell

the Age, etc., etc. . 275

CONTENTS. ix

CHAPTEE XV.
Eq uestrianism.

Horseback Riding — Its Beneficial Effects upon the Health — Teaching to Ride —

Position in the Saddle — A Model Riding Horse, etc 286

CHAPTER XVI
Breeding.

Principles of Breeding — Methods Adopted in Foreign Countries, etc. . . 296

CHAPTER XVII.
Stabling.

Construction of Stable — Air and Light — Form of Manger. *. 301

CHAPTER XVIII.
Feeding and Watering.

Cooked Food — Mr. Bonner's System. . . 307

CHAPTER XIX.
Sow to Tell the Age Accurately.

Caries of the Teeth— Treatment . .313

CHAPTER XX.
Shoeing.

Principles of Shoeing — Tips and Thin Shoes — Contraction — A Reliable Method
of Preventing and Curing Contraction — Old Methods of Treating it — Quar-
ter-crack— Simple Method of Curing Any Case — Crack, or Fissure of Toe —
Corns — Causes, and Practical Method of Curing — Weak Heels — Their Man-
agement— Interfering — Clicking, or Overreaching — Stumbling — Shoeing
Sore or Foundered Horses — Causes of Injury in Shoeing 329

TIEIIEIIR, TIRIE-fiJI'IMIIEILT'IL
CHAPTER XXI.

The Circulation — General Plan of the Circulatory System — Derangements of

that System the Cause of Disease— Importance of Ventilation. . . . 401

CHAPTER XXII.

Anchylosis — Caries — Necrosis — Exostosis, or Bony Enlargement — Splints —
Spavins — Ring-bone — Side-bone, or False Ring-bone — Curb — Bog Spavins
and Thorough-pins — Capped Hock — Wind-galls — Navicular- joint Lameness
— Founder — Chronic Founder — Peditis. ....... 411

CHAPTER XXIII.

SEC. 1. Catarrh — Laryngitis — Distemper — Glanders and Farcy — Chronic Cough
— Heaves, or Broken Wind— Roaring — Bronchocele — Nasal Gleet — Influ-
enza, Epizooti'c, or Catarrhal Fever — Pink-eye — Congestion of the Lungs —
Pleurisy — Pneumonia — Hydrothorax — Typhoid Pneumonia — Bronchitis. . 453

x CONTENTS.

SEC. 2. Colic — Flatulent Colic — Inflammation of the Bowels — Superpurgation
— Diarrhea — Constipation — Worms — Bots — Inflammation of the Kidneys —
Profuse Staling — Inflammation of the Bladder — Retention of Urine — Bloody
Urine — Inflammation of the Brain — Vertigo — Sun-stroke 493

SEC. 3. Spinal Meningitis — Paralysis — Lock-jaw — Stringhalt — Thumps — Lym-
phangitis— Weed — Monday Morning Leg — Peritonitis — Indigestion— Acidity
of the Stomach — Acute Indigestion 524

CHAPTER XXIV.

SEC. 1. The Foot — Pricking in Shoeing — Stepping on Nails, Glass, etc. — Foot
Lameness — Seedy Toe — Graveling — Bruise of the Sole — Treads, or Calks —
Overreach— Quittor— Thrush— Canker. 536

SEC. 2. Sprains, Bruises, etc. — Sprain of the Back Tendons — Breaking Down
— Sprain of the Fetlock — Shoulder Lameness — Sweeney — Hip Lameness —
Knuckling Over — Broken Knees, or Open Joint — Fractures — Dislocation of
Patella — Stifle-joint Lameness. . . . . . . . . 548

SEC. 3. Cuts or Wounds— Sore Mouth — Fistula of the Withers— Poll-evil—

Diseases of the Eye — Dropsy — Swelled Legs 568

SEC. 4. Diseases of the Skin — Surfeit — Nettle Rash, Hives, etc. — Mange — Hen
Lice — Ring- worm — Scratches — Grease — Tumors — Sallenders — Saddle and
Collar Galls — Tenotomy — Castration — Parturition — Counter-irritants — Fo-
mentations— Poultices — The Pulse — Giving Balls — Physicking — Bleeding —
Setons — The Rowel — Tracheotomy — Embrocations — Liniments — Rheuma-
tism, Acute and Chronic— Warts. .592

PART SECON D.

ID ^ I IE£ ~3T I UST O-.

CHAPTER 1.
Breeds of Cattle.

Importance of the Dairying Interest — Desirable Points in a Cow — The Milk Es-
cutcheon— The Several Varieties of Cattle — Short-horns — Long-horns —
Polled Cattle 643

CHAPTER II.
Feeding Cows.

Influence of Feeding on the Production of Milk — Importance of Care in Selec-
tion of Food — Value of Air and Exercise — Best Kinds of Food — Artificial
Feeding — Regulation of Food 652

CHAPTER 111.
Milking — Raising Calves.

Milking To-day and in the Past — Stripping — Sore Teats — Importance of Cleanli-
ness in Milking — Calving — Feed and Treatment before and during Calving
—Rearing of Calves — Anti-sucking Devices 659

CONTENTS. xi

CHAPTEK IV.
Hay-Makin g .

Hay to be as Nearly like Green Grass as Possible — Time to Cut Hay— Analysis
of Clover Hay — Mowing-machines — Hay-makers — Horse-rakes — Hay-loaders
— Drainage — Dairy Barns. . . . . ..'... 668

CHAPTEK V.
Milk.

Physiology of Milk — Milk Secretion — Anatomy of the Udder — Composition of
Milk — Cleanliness and Ventilation in Milk Houses— Disease Propagated
through Milk 676

CHAPTEK VI.
Butter- M akin g .

Fat Globules — Cream-raising — Deep and Shallow Setting — Milk Tanks and Cool-
ers— Milk Aerators — Strainers— Weighing-cans — Various Devices and Ap-
paratus. 686

CHAPTER VII.
Butter -Making, Continued.

Churning — The Old and the New Way — Various Styles of Churn — Working
Butter — Cleanliness — Salting — Butter-working Machines — Marketing Butter
— Tubs and Jars. . . ......... 697

CHAPTER VIII.
Cheese-Making.

Milk Vats — Refrigerating Vats — Self-heating Vats — Curd-mills and Curd-drain-
ers— Curd-knives and Curd-breakers — Cheese-presses — Upright and Gang
Presses — Cheese-hoops — Cheese-factories. ~— ....... 706

CHAPTER IX.
City Milk Delivery.

Cooling Milk for Transportation — Different Patterns of Milk-cans — Model De-
livery Wagon — Depot Refrigerator — Koumiss — Its Value — Formulas for its
Manufacture. . 716

OIF1
CHAPTER X.
Conditions of Health.

Prevention — Nursing — Proper Care — Alimentary Canal of Horse and Ox — Tem-
perament of Cattle — Susceptibility to Diseases of the Blood — Non-suscepti-
bility to Nervous Diseases — Administering Medicine — Doses — Difference in
Action of Medicine in Cattle and Horses — Importance of Familiarity with
the Appearance of Cattle in Health — Normal Pulse, Respiration, and Tem-
perature. . . . . . . . . . . ! * 721

CHAPTER XL
Contagious Blood Diseases.

Pleuro-pneumonia — Rinderpest —Anthrax, Charbon, Bloody Murrain— Gloss

xii CONTENTS.

Anthrax, or Black Tongue — Black Leg — Splenetic Apoplexy — Epizootic
Aphtha, or Foot and Mouth Disease — Cow-pox, or Variola Vaccini. . . 726

CHAPTER XII.
Non- Contagious Blood Diseases.

Plethora — Anaemia — Purpura Hsemorrhagica — Rheumatism — Uremia — Hsema-

turia, or Red-water — Septicaemia and Pya3inia 741

CHAPTEE XIII.
Diseases of Respiratory Organs.

Location of the Inflammatory Process — Auscultation and Percussion — Catarrh,
Colds — Malignant Catarrh — Laryngitis, or Sore Throat— Malignant Sore
Throat — Tracheotomy — Bronchitis— Pneumonia — Abscess of the Lungs —
Pleurisy — Tapping of the Chest — Sporadic Pleuro-pneumonia— Asthma, or
Emphysema. . . . . . . . . . . . . 752

CHAPTEK X1Y.
Diseases of Digestive Organs.

Drenching — Injuries of the Mouth — Inflammation of Mouth and Tongue — Stom-
ach of Ruminants — Intestines of Ox— Lymphatics— Hoven — Probang and
Gags — Puncturing the Rumen — Impacted Rumen, or Maw-bound — Rumen-
otomy — Obstruction of the Gullet — Impaction of Omasum. . . . 708

CHAPTEE XV.
Diseases of Digestive Organs9 Continued.

Dyspepsia — Rickets — Fragility of Bones — Diarrhea — Dysentery — Enteritis —
Peritonitis — Abdominal Hernia — Strangulation of Intestines — Casting an
Ox — German Method. . 782

CHAPTEE XVI.
Diseases of Urinary Organs.

Urinary Apparatus of Ox — Diabetes — Retention of Urine — Operation for Re-
moving Urine — Incontinence of Urine — Albuminuria — Haematuria, or
Bloody Urine — Sthenic Hsematuria — Inflammation of the Kidneys — Inflam-
mation of the Bladder— Gravel — Protrusion and Inversion of the Bladder. 792

CHAPTEE XVII.
Nerve, Skin, and Eye Diseases.

Apoplexy — Epilepsy — Inflammation of the Brain — Xervous Debility in Parturi-
tion— Tetanus, or Lock-jaw — Eczema — Herpes — Foul in the Foot — Foreign
Substances in the Eye — Ophthalmia 801

CHAPTEE XVIII.
Parasitic Diseases.

External Parasites — Gad-fly — Lice — Mange — Ring-worm — Internal Parasites —

Hoose, or Terminal Bronchitis — Measles — Tape-worm. .... 808

CHAPTEE XIX.

P&rtwrition.

Period of Gestation — Signs of Parturition — Natural Parturition — Expulsion of

Placenta — Unnatural Presentations of Various kinds — Retained After birth. 817

CONTENTS. xiii

CHAPTEE XX.
Parturient Diseases.

flooding — Inversion of Uterus — Dr. Meyer's Treatment — Original and Success-
ful Treatment by Dr. Me Beth — Inflammation of the Uterus — Puerperal
Fever — Parturient Apoplexy, or Milk Fever. 825

CHAPTEE XXI.
Parturient Diseases, Continued.

Leucorrhea, or Whites — Abortion — Importance of Isolation — Hernia of the
Uterus — Sore Teats — Gonorrhea — Mammitis, or Inflammation of the Udder
—Treatment of Calves — Care at Birth — Their Ailments. . . . . 835

CHAPTEE XXII.
Miscellaneous.

Teeth of Cattle — Study of Dentition — Unreliability of Determining Age by
Horns — Teeth of Different Ages — Methods of Throwing and Securing the
Ox — Throwing by a Single Rope — Rueffs Method — Securing the Ox in a
Standing Position — Securing Hind Leg — Ox Travis — Nose-clamps — Nose-
ring— Alsace Nose-ring and Headstall — Vigan's Apparatus — Devices to Pre-
vent Hooking and Running — Yoke for Ox 844

CHAPTEE XXIII.
Local Injuries, Dislocations, and Wounds.

Injury of Stifle Joint— Dislocation of Patella— Kinds and Treatment of Wounds
— Sutures, Needles, Syringes, and Bandages — Inflammatory Action and
Fever — Cleanliness, Ventilation, and Disinfection — Forms of Contagious
Matter — Disinfecting Agents — Chloride of Lime — Carbolic Acid — Sulphate
of Iron — Sulphate of Zinc — Formulas for Disinfectants in Solid and Liquid
Forms — Fumigation — Sulphur — Chlorine Gtas. ..... 855

S IE3I IE IE IFL

CHAPTEE XXIV.
Breeds of Sheep.

Sheep in Ancient Times — Mutton a Modern Product — Statistics of Sheep-raising
in the United States — Breeds of Sheep — Long-wooled Sheep — Short-wooled
Sheep — Breeds of Sheep in Asia, Europe, and America — Wild Sheep. . 863

CHAPTEE XXV.
Care and Management.

Pasturage— Adaptation of Different Soils — Foods in Short Pasturage — Dry and
Clean Pastures Essential — Treatment of Ewes During Gestation — Treat-
ment and Feeding of Lambs — Docking and Castration — Lamb-creep —
Weaning time — Selection of Rams and Ewes for Breeding — Dipping for
Ticks — Washing and Shearing — Care and Feeding in Winter — Comparative
Nutritive Value of Foods. . 881

xiv CONTENTS.

CHAPTEE XXVI.
Diseases of Respiratory, Digestive, and Urinary Organs.

Structure of the Sheep — The Teeth — Causes of Disease — Catarrh — Bronchitis —
Pneumonia — Pleurisy — Constipation — Diarrhea — Dysentery — Hoven — In-
flammation of the Bladder — Retention of Urine — Sediment in Urinary Canal
—Stone in the Bladder 891

CHAPTEE XXVII.
Blood, Nerve, Enzootic, and Epizootic Diseases.

tf Pining " — Dropsy — Lock-jaw — Vertigo — Parturient Paraplegia — Eczema —
Ecthyma — Psoriasis — Solary Ecthyma — Influenza — Red Water — Rot Dropsy
— Foot-rot — Foot and Mouth Disease — Small Pox — Anthrax, or Quarter 111
—Tuberculosis— Rabies . 899

CHAPTEE XXVIII.
Parasitic Diseases.

Revolution Wrought by the Microscope — Sheep-bots, or Grubs in the Head —
The Fluke Disease, or Liver Rot — Different Varieties of Fluke — Vermicular
Bronchitis— Turnsick, Sturdy, or -Gid 909

CHAPTEE XXIX.
Parasitic Diseases, Continued.

The Tape-worm — Its Existence in the Intestines — Mange or Itch — Various Species
of Acari — Dog-tick— Fodder-louse — Body-louse — Head-louse — Sheep-louse
Sheep-tick— Sheep-bug— Man-eating Fly— Tsetse Fly. . 919

CHAPTEE XXX.
Lambing and Attendant Diseases.

Parturient Fever — Parturient Paralysis — Garget — Castration — Rheumatism —

Cancer of the Foot — Docking — Fractures — Sprains — Feeling the Pulse. . (.^21

i isr IE .

CHAPTEE XXXI.
Anthrax and Cholera.

Diseases of Swine Largely Due to Improper Food and Management — Administer-
ing Medicines to Hogs — Charbon, Anthrax, or Hog Cholera — Nature of An-
thrax Diseases — Gangrenous Erysipelas — Malignant or Gangrenous Angina
— Apoplectic Anthrax — Preventive Measures. . . . • . . . 933

CHAPTEE XXXII.
Anthraoc and Cholera, Contimied.

So-called " Hog Cholera " — What the Term Implies — Contagious Pleuro-enteritis
— Erysipelatous Form — Malignant Sore Throat — Various Remedies — At-
tributed to Contagion — Judicious Rules for Treatment 944

CHAPTEE XXXIII.
Catarrhal Diseases, etc.

Malignant Epizootic Catarrh — Apoplexy — " Snuffles" — Constipation— Diarrhea
— Diphtheria — Epilepsy — Inflammation of the Lungs — Abscess — Anaemia
—Piles. . 954

CONTENTS. xv

CHAPTEE XXXIV.
Parasites of Swine.

Kidney-worms — Hog-lice — Mange, or Scab — Measles in Pork — Trichinosis —

The Strongylus — The Ascaris — Symptoms of Worms. .... 970

CIIAPTEK XXXV.
Breeds and Breeding.

Houdans — Crevecceurs — Cochins — Plymouth Rocks — Polish Fowls — Brahmas —
Silkies — Frizzled Fowls — Rumpless Bantams — East India Fowls— Aseels —
Sebright and Pekin Bantams — Sebastopol Geese — Nile Geese — Black-beaked
Turkey — Ducks. . . . 983

CHAPTER XXXYI.
Food9 Feeding, and Marketing.

Proper Food for Fowls — Fattening for Market — Killing — Preserving and Pack-
ing Eggs— Proper Kinds of Food . 999

CHAPTER XXXVII.
Poultry Architecture.

General Directions — Portable Poultry Houses — Shelters — "Warm Mother "-

•'Cold Mother" — Coops — Improved Poultry Homes. . . . 1003

CHAPTER XXXVIII.
Eggs and Incubation.

Generation of the Egg — Physiology of Incubation — Natural Incubation — Con-
venient Hens' Nests — Egg-protector — Fertility and Egg-testers. . 1008

CHAPTER XXXIX.
Artificial Incubation.

Artificial Incubators in Ancient Times — Progress in Invention of Incubating Ma-
chines— The Graves Incubator — Halsted's Automatic Incubator — The Boyle
Incubator — Tomlinson's Automatic Incubator — Thermostatic Incubator —
Hearson's Regulator. . . . . ..... 1012

CHAPTER XL.
Diseases of Poultry.

Apoplexy — Bronchitis — Bumble-foot — Catarrh — Cholera — Consumption-1
Cramps — Crop-bound — Debility — Diarrhea — Diphtheria — Egg-bound —
Feather-eating - Frost-bite— Gapes — Vertigo— Swelled Legs— Indigestion—
Leg-weakness — Lice— Liver Disease — Pip — Roup — White-comb — Worms in
Ducks — Caponizing Fowls. . . 1020

IDOOr-
CHAPTER XLI.
Races of Dogs.

The Dog's Close Relation to Man— His Intelligence— His Origin— Kinship of the
Wolf, Hyena, Jackal, and Fox to the Dog— The Newfoundland Dog—

xvi CONTENTS.

Tales of the Newfoundland— The St. Bernard— His Wonderful History
and Characteristics — Interesting Incidents. . . ... 1031

CHAPTEE XLIL
Races of Dogs, Continued.

The Shepherd Dog — Incidents Illustrating his Sagacity — The Esquimau Dog

The Danish Dog— The Bull-dog— The Brutality of Dog-fighting— The Grey-
hound— The Blood-hound — Illustrations of his Intelligence — The Terrier
—The Setter — The Dachshund — Pet Dogs. ..... 1041

CHAPTEE XLIII.
Diseases of Do(js.

Structure of the Dog — Distemper — Diarrhea and Dysentery — Constipation — In-
flammation of the Bowels — Throat and Lung Diseases — Goitre — Hydro-
phobia — Parasites — The Round-worm — Giant Strongle — Tape-worm —
Blood-sucker — Bird-louse — Ear-louse — Cat-flea — Dog-flea — Remedies for
Worms and Mange. . ........ 1053

CHAPTEE XLIV.

Importance of Bee-keeping as an Industry — Effect of Modern Progress in Bee-
culture — Description of Bees — Process of Making Honey — Internal Econ-
omy of the Hive — Swarming — How to Manage and Prevent Swarming — Va-
rious Inventions Therefor — Artificial Swarming — Various Kinds of Hives —
Bee Pasturage — Preparing Honey for Market — Liquid Honey — Honey Ex-
tractor— Comb Honey — Its Preparation — Root's Improvement on the Long-
stroth Hive — Guarding against Robbery of Hives — Preparing Bees for Win-
ter— Proper Methods of Storing Honey. ...... 1065

IFZESTJIT O TJ Hi T TJ 13 IE .

CHAPTEE XLV.

Importance of the Culture of Fruit — Transplanting, Pruning, and Management
— Selection of Stock — Budding — Layering — Layering by Elevation — Ap-
proach-grafting— Cleft-grafting — Insects Injurious to Fruits — Remedies for
Them — General Hints for Protection of Fruits. . . 1087

:FO:EB TIEHIE ZBHRXDS.

CHAPTEE XLVI.

The Usefulness as well as Delightfulness of Birds — The Benefit they Confer in
Destroying Insects— Eloquent Tribute of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher— Chiff-
chaff — Yellow Wren — Golden-crested Wren — Fire-crested Warbler — African
Beef-eater — Blue-bird — Pigmy Piculet — Rose-colored Pastor — Short-tailed
Ant Thrush — European Goat-sucker. ... . . 1107

INTRODUCTION.

For Special Reasons of Interest to tl\e Deader, Wl\at is Writ-
ten Here Should be I^ead First, and witl\ Care.

PRIOR to 1860, when I was first betrayed into giving some
special exhibitions in the art of taming horses, there was but
very little known on the subject, and what was known could
not be regarded as more than the merest empiricism. Indeed, I
had been under the impression myself at that time, that there was
some great secret, giftedness, scent, or medicines by which vicious
horses could be controlled and changed in character. This im-
pression had misled me greatly ; and it was only by long-continued
observation and practice that I was finally able, little by little, to
grasp the subject in its true aspect, and learn the real principles of
subduing and controlling vicious horses in a practically reliable
manner.

The drift of my efforts and experiments which enabled me to
do this, extended over many years, and during the first decade were
necessarily but little more than a series of crude experiments, suc-
cess being constantly alternated with more or less failure ; and, in
fact, I was deeply interested in the study, and was far from exhaust-
ing it, when I left the road at the expiration of over nineteen years
of the most exacting experience before the public, and extending to
all the older-settled States of the country. But every failure, when
made, had been only the means of suggesting new points, revealing
to me new and more correct insight into the study, thereby carry-
ing me forward, and enabling me finally to accomplish results in the

SUBJECTION OF SPECIALLY VICIOUS HORSES,

which were not only a source of constant interest and surprise to
myself, but of astonishment to the best horsemen in the country
and the world, because of reducing the principles of controlling and
educating horses to the basis of an exact science, and not only rev-
olutionizing all previous ideas of the control and management of
horses, but saving fully eighteen-twentieths of the time usually re-
quired in their training, as well as making it entirely safe and
simple to do. The power to change, as if by magic, the character
of a horse that had perhaps defied all previous effort to be brought
2 2 (xvii)

xviii INTRODUCTION.

under restraint, and proved in consequence to be practically worth-
less, frequently in the short period of less than an hour, could not
but be accepted as a startling innovation to them, but, if possible,
of more interest from the fact that these results were brought about
by clear, well-defined principles of treatment, so plain, simple, and
practical as to be easily understood and applied, and within the
ability of any ordinary person to master and use.

These principles I was compelled to teach as a secret, for which
I charged a fee of from five to ten dollars ; which instructions were
necessarily limited to a few hours, and to a few representative
citizens in each neighborhood that I visited ; and though I pub-
lished a small work, which was included in the instructions, it was
of necessity so written as not to impart these secrets, and would
give no idea whatever of my methods and principles of treatment
to persons who had not attended my lectures.

Though possessed, when young, of a remarkably strong consti-
tution, the constant struggle and excitement forced upon me in so
difficult a field for so many years, gradually undermined and im-
paired my health, until, in the early winter of 1878, I finally broke
down so seriously as to be compelled to leave the road.

I now concluded to carry out at my leisure the purpose which
had for some time been developing in my mind, — that of writing out
the full details of my system, including such knowledge as I be-
lieved to be most valuable to horse owners, and that would bring it
within the reach of people generally. I at first intended to make a
work of only about three hundred pages, which would embody
merely the simple outlines I gave to classes, with some additions to
the treatment for sickness and lameness which I had already given
in my old book. But after writing it up and preparing the illustra-
tions I supposed necessary, I could see so much that should be
added, that I was induced to re-write the whole matter, bringing it
up to about six hundred pages, with about three hundred and fifty
illustrations. When this was completed, I again found it necessary
to make still more additions, until it grew upon my hands to the
present size and number of illustrations of my regular book on this
subject. With the enlargement of the work grew also upon me the

desire to make the departments of Shoeing, Sickness, and Lame-
ness equally satisfactory. With this object I made a special effort
to secure the best veterinary skill I could command ; but in this I en-
tirely failed, until fortunate in arresting the attention of DR. JAMES
HAMILL, D. V. S., of New York City, formerly Professor of Patho-
logical Shoeing in the Columbia Veterinary College, whom I found
to have attended my lectures in that city in the winter of 1872, and

INTRODUCTION. xix

who exhibited the kindest interest in my efforts, not only volunteer-
ing all the aid in his power to give, but securing for me the aid of
two of his colleagues, DR. CHAS. A/ MEYER, N. Y. City, and DR.
JOHN A. Me LAUGHLIN, then of Jersey City, N. J., now of Provi-
dence, R. I., both of whom occupied high positions in the profession.
DR. HAMILL gave me every aid in his power, not only in preparing
the chapter on Shoeing, for which he was specially qualified, but in
other departments, and in addition, placed the use of his fine library
freely at my disposal.

The better to facilitate my work, I had these gentlemen dictate
to me the outlines of treatment required, in the simplest language
possible, with permission to make any changes I desired. It is but
just, also, to them, to explain that the dictations by them were in
all cases made without premeditation, the point in view being to
give me the facts most clearly and in the fewest words. This was
the more difficult for them from the fact that they were limited to
my ability to take notes, as, on account of the peculiarly sensitive
condition of my health, I could endure but very brief conversation,
and but thirty or forty minutes' writing at one time:

I was also specially indebted to PROF. E. A. Me LELLAN, of
Bridgeport, Conn., who was at the time Lecturer on Shoeing and
Diseases of the Foot in Columbia Veterinary College, who gave me
much valuable aid in that department. DR. B. C. Me BETH, of
Battle Creek, Mich., also rendered me very important assistance.

After five large editions of the book had been published, and
meeting with the greatest favor, it was strongly urged upon me by
a leading book publisher, to add a STOCK DEPARTMENT that would
in general character correspond with the rest o*f the work as it then
stood. In support of his assertion, he stated that there was not a
single really practical or reliable work published on the subject, and
that if I would make such a book, I would not only be sure of
a large sale, but confer a substantial benefit upon the farming com-
munity.

There had also been from the first repeated and urgent inquir-
ies by my agents for such an additional feature, it being given as a
reason that while farmers were greatly interested in horses, and
needed the instructions given, they strongly desired also the addi-
tional departments suggested.

Influenced by these considerations, I was led to consider the mat-
ter seriously. But I found there was no single professional man in the
country, so far as I knew, who could write up all the departments of
such a work in the practical manner I required, as men even in the
very first ranks of the profession are only proficient in certain de-

xx , INTRODUCTION.

partments, necessarily depending upon the aid of standard authori-
ties. Then, there was no one man in the country whose time could
be made available for the purpose, even at a high compensation.

In this emergency, and advised by veterinary friends, I deter-
mined upon the following plan, as that giving promise of the best
and most satisfactory results : First, to obtain all the standard vet-
erinary authorities in the English and European languages, espe-
cially those in German and French, embodying the highest and
most reliable authorities on the subjects treated ; next, the employ-
ing of thoroughly trained scholars capable of translating and col-
lecting the requisite facts from such authorities, and under my
special directions write them out in the plainest language for the
treatment of each disease ; and the matter so prepared, on each sub-
ject, to be submitted to one or more experts for each department,
with instructions to make such changes and additions as in their
judgment would be advisable to render the matter of the best prac-
tical reference. To do this work I employed three of the best
scholars to be obtained in the country, one of whom was a regular
graduate of one of our leading medical colleges. This work re-
quired of itself nearly a year's time.

In the meantime I consulted special friends in the veterinary
profession to learn who were the best expert practitioners to make
the revisions and corrections I required, and was so fortunate as to
secure the aid of the gentlemen whose names are here given, and
who co-operated with me in the most hearty manner.

LIST OF PROFESSIONAL EXPERTS.

JAS. HAMILL, D. V. S., 416 E. Hth St. New York City, formerly Lecturer on
Shoeing and diseases of the Foot in Col. Vet. Col., Pres't Nat'l Vet'y Med. Ass'n, now
Prof, of Oper. Surg'y and Horse Shoeing, N. Y. Col. of Vet. Sur. and Sch. of Com. Med.

CHAS. A. MEYER,* D. V. S., Editor Veterinary Gazette, New York.

JOHN A. MCLAUGHLIN, D. V. S., Providence, R. I., ex-Veterinary In-
specter N. J. State Board of Health.

D. G. SUTHERLAND, V. S., East Saginaw, Mich., ex-Pres't Mich. State
Vet'y Ass'n.

PAUL PAQUIN, M. D., V. S., Columbia, Mo., Prof. Compar. Med., Direct. Ex-
per. Labratory, State Vet'y Inspector, and Pres't Mo. Ass'n of Vet'y Science and Compar.
Medicine.

T. BENT COTTON, M. D., V. S., Mt. Vernon, O., Pres't Ohio State Vet'y
Ass'n, Vice-Pres't Nat'l Vet'y Med. Ass'n.

DR. B. C. Me BETH, Battle Creek, Mich., Sec'y Mich. State Vet'y Ass'n, Hon.
Mem. N. Y. St. Acad. of Science and Com. Path.

J. A. DELL, V. S., Ann Arbor, Mich., Pres't Mich. State Vet'y Ass'n.

A. J. CHANDLER, V. S., Detroit,- Mich., Vice-Pres't Mich. State Vet'y Ass'n.

S. BRENTON, V. S., Jackson, Mich., Ex-Pres't Mich. State Vet'y Ass'n.

WM. JOPLING, V. S., Owosso, Mich., Treasurer Mich. State Vet'y Ass'n.

A. I. ROOT, Medina, O., author of "A B C of Bee Culture."

JOHN A. ADAMS, Horticulturist, Battle Creek, Mich.

* Deceased while this was being put in type.

INTRODUCTION. xxi

The following explanations I deem also necessary in connection
with the reference to these gentlemen :—

Dr. Cotton was highly recommended to me as a man oi much
ability in the profession, by a prominent Eastern practitioner, and
reference was made to his position among his confreres in the State,
as assurance of his fitness for the work desired.

Dr. Paquin was known to me personally as a man of much more
than ordinary attainments, and I made a special request that he
would take charge of one or two of the more important depart-
ments. I am especially indebted to him also for translations from the
French of analytical descriptions of the structure of the foot, he being
known to me as an exceptionally fine French scholar.

I am also specially indebted to Dr. Meyer, not only for special
papers, but for translations from the German on the structure of the
foot, in which language he was a proficient scholar. In this respect,
also, Dr. Hamill rendered me an exceptionally important service.
Dr. Paquin, my best French scientific translator, was absent in
Paris, engaged in special microscopic studies, and being unable to
find a man competent to do the work, I explained the difficulty to
Dr. Hamill, who stated that he would himself try to do it for me,
and, to my surprise, I found him remarkably proficient, he being
able to trace out readily every minute definition from the original,
and adapt the explanations to the English, showing himself to
be one of the most thorough scientific students of the structure of
the foot in the veterinary profession.

Having personal acquaintance with Dr. Sutherland, who was at
the time President of the Michigan State Veterinary Association, it
occurred to me to send him sample chapters of the matter prepared,
for his examination at the annual meeting of the Association at
Jackson, and request him to refer me to those among the members
of the Association competent and willing to take part in the work ;
and through his aid, as well as that of the Secretary of the Associa-
tion, Dr. Me Beth, who also co-operated with me most cordially, I
was able to secure the assistance of Drs. Dell, Chandler, Brenton,
and Jopling, and Prof. Grange, of the Agricultural College.

The matter was now divided into sections and distributed to
each of these experts, with freedom to make any changes or addi-
tions to the text they might deem necessary to make it most reli-
able and practical for reference. It was specially requested that
the matter should be free from needless technicalities, and embody
the most useful facts for the benefit of the class of readers for whom
the work was intended. With the view of making this work as

xxii INTRODUCTION.

reliable as possible, special parts on the more malignant diseases
were submitted to two or three in succession.

After the copy thus distributed had been all returned and put
in type, it occurred to me that it would be a feature of special in-
terest to my readers, to have the portraits of these professional
friends engraved and placed in the work ; and I was so fortunate
(in some instances only after considerable persuasion) as to obtain
permission to do so from those whose portraits are given ; and I
take great pleasure in presenting them as a good representation of
the class of men engaged at present in the veterinary profession.

It is proper in this connection to state that should there appear
any minor errors in the text, the responsibility for them must be
entirely assumed by the author, as it was not possible, except at
great inconvenience, after the matter had been put in type, to sub-
mit proofs to the gentlemen who had aided me in this work.

I may mention also that I made it a special object to have
every detail of the work as fully and thoroughly illustrated as I
could, as well as to include such features as would be most useful to
the farmer. In carrying out this purpose I inserted in the stock
department the large number of 800 figures, and in the horse de-
partment the still larger number of 950, among which are eighteen
elegant plates. It is only necessary to state that there is no work
heretofore published of this description that has more than a fourth
of this number, and these usually of a very indifferent character,
while this comprises the enormous aggregate, as will be seen, of
1,700, all having special reference to the text.

Particular attention is directed to the large number of illustra-
tions of parasites common to the domestic animals ; the great vari-
ety of figures illustrating the different diseases ; the diversity of
breeds of stock, particularly dairy cattle, sheep, hogs, and poultry.
Certainly no work yet published can show any approach to the large
number and varied character of the illustrations in these respects.

Interesting features will also be found in chapters on the Dog,
on Bee-culture, the Growth of Fruit, including Insects Injurious to
Fruit, and a Plea for the Birds, showing their value to the farmer.

The chapter on Bees, and that on the Protection of Fruit and
Fruit Trees, will be found particularly interesting and valuable.
That on Bee-culture was prepared with special care, under the
supervision of A. I. ROOT, Esq., author of " The A B C of Bee
Culture," and the highest authority on the subject, and includes the
largest number of illustrations for the space occupied, that has
yet been given on bees.

INTRODUCTION. xxiii

The chapter on Fruit was prepared by a leading horticulturist
of large experience, MR. JOHN A. ADAMS, and will be found of
great value and importance. The large number of fine and varied
illustrations in this chapter, showing the insects that injure and de-
stroy fruit, cannot but be of great interest, and with the text com-
prises knowledge of the greatest value to fruit-growers. I would
call especial- attention to this chapter, not only as a new feature, but
for the practical character of its instructions and suggestions.

The Plea for the Birds should be read by every person of hu-
mane instincts. This paper is embodied mainly from an address by
the famous and lamented REV. HENRY WARD BEECHER. This ad-
dress was listened to by the author years before his death, and long
before this work was prepared ; but it struck him as so beautiful
and valuable in every part, that he went at once to the stenographer
and engaged him to furnish a copy for his special use. The addi-
tion of this chapter was .in a good degree owing to suggestions of
leading officers of the American Humane Society. This will be
found one of the most interesting features of this work, because
most useful and elevating in its influence, and being one of the
finest pleas for the birds ever written, showing their value to the
farmer, and the duty of protecting them. THE AUTHOR.

THE STANDARD

HORSE AND STOCK BOOK,

CHAPTER I.

PRELIMINARY REMARKS.

ONCE, while stopping with a
farmer, as a matter of amuse-
ment I took a colt that had
become unmanageable to him, and
made him perfectly gentle. Upon
learning what I had done, the farmer
was so surprised at the result as to
offer me fifty dollars for the secret.
Without thinking, I proposed teach-
ing him and ten of his neighbors
how I did it, in addition to other
points that might be of interest to
them. In this I was entirely suc-
cessful, and thus I was unintention-
ally drifted into the most trying
and exacting field of effort that
ever man engaged in, which con-
tinued nearly nineteen years. I
was necessarily forced into contact
with all sorts of people, who were
continually trying to break me
down, and in addition I had the
most vicious and difficult horses

forced upon me to experiment upon ; and that I succeeded at all
seems to me even now so remarkable as to be beyond belief. But
without realizing it, or knowing it at the time, the people who forced

[25]

Fm. 1.— Ideal Head of an Intelligent,
Docile Character.

26

REMARKS.

me to these trials were in reality my best friends, because proving the
best instructors to me in the world ; and the experiments upon vicious
horses were just what was necessary to give me the best opportuni-

FIGS. 2-4.— Extremes of Vicious Character.

ties of observation and practice needed to master the subject. Now,
in teaching classes I soon found it necessary to make such explana-
tions of points and conditions as I could before making experiments ;
and in like manner, before taking up the details of instruction, I think
it necessary to refer to such points as will be most suggestive in the
study of the subject. I may state that this is somewhat difficult
here, because compelled to limit my explanations to less than one
half of what I have been able to devote to it in my regular work on
the horse, and also to omit many chapters of much interest to the
general reader.

Many of the lower animals possess some qualities by nature that

make them, in some respects, re-
ally superior to man. The dog,
for example, can follow the track of
his master through a crowd of
strangers, though hours behind,
and find him ; and he will also
find his way home, though distant
hundreds of miles — a fact that has
been repeatedly proved. The
ordinary sheep-dog will at com-
mand find and bring home stray
sheep of the flock ; and the
blood-hound can perform the still
more remarkable feat of taking up
the track of a criminal hours aft-
erward, by the scent of a bit of his
clothing, and pick him out from hundreds of others who had been his
companions — a power that entitles even the commonest cur to our
kindest consideration. The eagle and vulture, though miles in the

FIG. 5.— A Portrait of a Docile Family Horse.

PRELIMINARY R'EMARKS.

FIG. 6. — A very Intelligent, Docile Character.

air, can see the smallest ob-
jects of prey on the ground — a
power far beyond that of man.
Thus these superior qualities,
exhibited so largely by the
lower animals, seem to be a
special provision of nature to
guard them from danger and
aggression, Or to aid them in
providing sustenance.

Now, this singular power
of instinct appears to be a very
strongly marked feature of the
horse's nature. The wild horse
of the prairie cannot be ap-
proached near enough on the

windward side to imperil his safety ; and even when cornered and
unable to get away, his acts of biting, striking, or kicking are but
his natural promptings to defend himself. It is also seen that no
matter how wild a colt, when treated with such kindness as to win
his confidence, he not only will not show fear of man, but become a
pet. A good demonstration of this is shown in the remarkable do-
cility of the Arab horses, which are always treated with the utmost
kindness ; and ladies
who are specially kind
to horses, it is known,
can approach them
anywhere, and make
them such pets that
they will follow, even
into the house. Per-
haps in no way is this
peculiar instinct more
strikingly shown than
in the repugnance of
exceptionally sensi-
tive, intelligent horses
to men who may be
ignorantly or thought-
lessly cruel to them.

Hence it is evident FlG- 7-— Intelligent, Courageous, but very Sensitive Nature.

that the true ground of success in the subjection and education of

28

PRELIMINARY REMARKS.

FIG. 8.— One of the most Vicious Horses
ever Subdued by the Author.

the horse, or in breaking up and
overcoming bad habits when
formed, must be in proportion to
the degree to which the efforts can
be intelligently addressed to the
line of these instincts, holding pas-
sive, combating, or overcoming
them while addressing the under-
standing, without exciting his
fears or resistance ; and it is ab-
solutely imperative that in his
education these conditions should
not be disregarded.

Another point : a horse may be
moved to intense excitement and
extreme resistance by even a mo-
mentary impression of fear, without any contact with or cause for
feeling direct physical pain ; and again, in like manner, when prop-
erly treated, such fear may be overcome without resorting to treat-
ment that would cause the least physical pain or injury.

Another important feature for consideration is the wonderful
adaptation in the various domestic animals, not only to the several

wants and requirements of
man, but to the sections of
the world in which we find
them. Thus, for example,
the Esquimau has not only a
dog, but one peculiarly fitted
by nature to his especial
wants, acting not only as a
fisherman and a hunter, but as
a beast of burden, being in
fact the only animal that
could live and be of any use
to him so far- north; A little
farther south, the Laplander
has the reindeer, that lives

on the moss peculiar to those regions, providing both sustenance
and clothing for him, as well as being the very best means of trav-
eling over those dreary, frozen plains. The Peruvians have the
llama for carrying burdens over the Andes. The Arabs have the
camel for their peculiar want, that of traveling over the arid, sandy

FIG. 9. — Nervous, Excitable Horse.

PRELIMINARY REMARKS.

29

FIG. 10.— A. Vicious, Treacherous Nature.

desert, and so constituted as to carry within himself a supply of wa-
ter sufficient to last for many days.

Not only do we see here special families, demonstrating this

principle most strikingly, but
such subdivisions of each as
adapt them more perfectly for
special uses. Now the horse,
which is by far the most noble,
valuable, and useful of all the
domestic animals, in "the man-
agement of which we are spe-
cially interested, shows this to a
wonderful degree in size, dis-
position, and intelligence. For
slow, drudging work, we have
the coarse-grained, patient,
heavy cart or plow horse, while
for quick, long-continued exer-
tion, we have the lithe thoroughbred, with the conformation of the
greyhound, capable, if necessary, of running with the fleetness of
the wind. From these extremes we have illimitable modifications,
adapting them the more perfectly to the various requirements of
man. Now, it is clear that the nervous, energetic racer or thor-
oughbred would be
entirely out of place
for the cart or plow,
and the coarse-
grained cart or plow
horse for the quick,
active exertion of
speedy travel ; and
that to make each
most useful he must
be employed for such
work only as nature
best fits him for.

Dependent upon these physical conditions are others that have
a still more important bearing upon the success of our efforts, be-
cause they are necessarily more ob.scure, and we are compelled to
study them more carefully to win success, namely, the intelligence
and disposition of horses.

To illustrate my meaning in part : It is clear that some horses

FIG. 11.— Portrait of a Noted Vicious Horse.

30

PRELIMINARY REMARKS.

FIG. 12.— Sullen Treachery.

are very much more intelli-
gent and quick to compre-
hend than others ; that some
are by nature of the most
perfect docility, while others
have a large element of the
naturally vicious, dangerous
character. Here, then, we are
compelled to study and learn,
if possible, two things, — the
conditions requisite for the
best management of the sen-
sitive, intelligent nature, as
well as those that are dull,
strong, and naturally vicious.
In the first, we must study
how to address and win tlie understanding directly, if possible, with-
out a ruffle of excitement ; and in the management of the second,
we must impress the intelligence in such a way as to win obe-
dience most safely and easily.

This necessarily requires the careful study of the vital powers,
dependent upon the following conditions : First, the intelligence, as
dependent upon the volume of brain ; second, the physical strength,
as dependent upon size and
quality of bodily structure ;
third, the peculiar phase and
degree of the viciousness.

It is evident that when we
have large brain, dense text-
ure of body, good digestion,
and large, deep chest, we have
indicated, first, great natural
strength ; second, great en-
durance, in consequence of

ability to assimilate food ;
third, capacity to oxygen-
ate the blood rapidly, thus
giving great endurance for

long-susta'.ned effort. Lack-

FIG. 13.— Sketch from Life of the most Vicious
mg these conditions to any Mustang Pony the Writer ever Saw<

extent, even though there

may be great energy and pluck, there will be less ability to resist

well-sustained coercive measures.

PRELIMINARY REMARKS.

31

FIG. 14.— Sketch of a Vicious Stallion.

Now, dependent upon
the order of intelligence
and bodily structure are
certain peculiarities.
For example, a full fore-
head, large, clear eyes,
tending to brown in
color, set well out on
the head, eyelids thin,
medium length from
eyes to ears, ears pointed
and of medium length,
placed not very wide
apart and high between
them, and large nostrils,

will most always indicate the intelligent, steady, reliable, family
tiorse ; while a forehead rather narrow, small, round eyes, set well
back in the side of the head, eyelids heavy, long from eyes to ears,
ears long and flabby, with a tendency to throw them back a little,
nose rounding, and nostrils small, show the opposite, or a dull, sul-
len, treacherous nature. If the forehead be of a medium or good
breadth, the eyes good size, clear, and setting well out, the lids
thin, short from eyes to ears, ears a little longer than common, and

nostrils large, there
will be indicated intel-
ligence, activity, but
great sensibility ; usu-
• ally termed the nerv-
.ous, sensitive horse,
that will not bear ex-
citement.

From these extremes,
again, we have illimit-
able modifications, de-
pendent upon condi-
tions referred to.

FIG. 15.— Portrait of a Noted Vicious Horse in a Rage.

Figs. 1, 5, 6, and 7

give the best expressions of a naturally docile, intelligent character.
Figs. 1, 5, and 6 are fine illustrations of the best types of the gentle
family horse. Fig. 7 is the best type of a sensitive, but very intel-
ligent horse, being a portrait of a noted Arabian horse. Fig. 9 is a
good type of a very nervous, sensitive character. Figs. 8, 10, and 11

32

PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT.

are modifications of the
dull, sullen, treacherous
type. Fig. 10 is a portrait
of a very marked case.
Fig. 11 is also a portrait
of a very noted vicious
horse. Fig. 13 is that
of a mustang pony, the
most desperate, reckless
creature the writer ever
subjected to treatment.
Fig. IT is a portrait of a
case that up to nine
years old had proved
utterly unmanageable,
but whose character was
made so gentle, after an
hour's treatment, that it was afterward used as a family horse. Fig.
21 is a good illustration of the barnyard lunkhead. In addition
there is seen to be a large number of illustrations showing combina-
tions and contrasts of character which are deserving of careful study.
Tfre size of bone, the texture of bodily structure, the length and
color of hair, amount of hair in mane or tail, the action in moving,
the size and expression of
eye, the peculiarity of head,
its length, breadth, etc., are
subjects requiring the most
constant and careful con-
sideration in directing in-
telligent treatment.

FIG. 16.— Naturally Docile and Intelligent.

Principles of Treatment.

In the subjection and
education of horses, we
have several natural diffi-
culties to contend with.
First : The horse is much
stronger than man, and
just so far as he in any
way learns that he can resist man's control, to that degree will he
be encouraged and inclined to resist or combat him : hence, an in-

FIG. 17.—" Wild Pete." A Very Peculiar and Inter-
esting Case.

NATURAL DIFFICULTIES.

33

FIG. 18.— Docile, Intelligent.

dispensable condition of his successful education is that he must be
given no opportunity to learn that he is not in every respect subor-
dinate to man in physical power, until his
character becomes fixed.

Second : His methods of reasoning be-
ing dependent upon and limited to the ob-
servation and experience of his senses of
seeing, hearing, smelling, and feeling, to
prevent his becoming excited or frightened
at objects and sounds with which he is
necessarily brought in contact, he must be
convinced in his own way, through these
faculties, of their harmless and innocent
character. Consequently, if he be treated
according to these laws of his nature, he
can be made to do willingly, without fear
or resistance, anything for which he is by
nature adapted.

Third : The horse, being unable to understand the meaning
of articulated language, excepting so far as words are associated
with actions, we must address his intelligence on this plane of his
reasoning, because it is only by doing so that he can be expected to
comprehend our wishes clearly.

Fourth : To the degree that the horse becomes excited, fright-
ened, or confused, he must necessarily be, both unable to under-
stand what is required to be
done, and correspondingly
less inclined to submit to re-
straint in his management.
Hence, whatever the treat-
ment, it must be of a charac-
ter not to confuse- or excite
him, nor to expose him to
such excessive fear as would
shock and derange his nerv-
ous system.

Taking these conditions in
order, we see, for example,
that if a horse learns to pull

away, break his halter, resist the blacksmith in shoeing, or run
away, etc., he will be encouraged to and try to do so afterward
until the habit becomes fixed. On the contrary, when a colt is

FIG. 19.— A Noted Vicious Horse.

PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT.

first haltered, no matter how hard he may resist, if once taught to
submit, he will not only readily follow without restraint, but will do
so ever afterward ; or when the feet are taken up and handled

until the operation is fully sub-
mitted to, or such restraint
brought upon him as to com-

~*~ IJT^Z* pel submission> there wil1 not

^X^mK^m Bk, only be obedience for the time,

but all inclination to resist
will be radically overcome.

Now, the principle is the
same in relation to other hab-
its, or in overcoming vicious-
ness. No matter how wild or
unmanageable the horse may
be, if he can be so treated that

successful resistance becomes
FIG. 20.— Strong-Willed, Intelligent Character. . .U1 , , . ,

impossible, and he is shown

that he will not be injured, there will not only be entire submission
without the use offeree, but if not excited or abused, he will remain
permanently docile.

But it is imperative that there be at no point such an exposure
of weakness as would encourage resistance ; for, though the method
of treatment may be in itself right,
if not carried to the point desired,
the difficulties of the treatment will
necessarily be increased to a degree
liable to precipitate failure. For
example, there. may be strength to
take up a colt's foot ; but if at any
point of holding it it is pulled
away, and control resisted, he will
be inclined to resist afterward with
as much energy as if there had not
been sufficient power to take it up
at all. Or, in teaching a horse to
lead by the halter, if he resists suc-
cessfully it will teach him to resist
the efforts by pulling away. Now,

the method of pulling on the halter may be all right, but the point
of difficulty would be in not having power to carry it far enough.
Not only this, but it is vital to success to do it properly, or in such

FIG. 21. — Barnyard Lunkhead.

PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT.

35

a way that there would be the least inclination to resistance. If,
for example, in taking up the horse's foot, by standing forward of
the hip, well up near the body,
facing backward, one hand is
rested against the hip, while at

FIG. 22.— Docile Expression.

FIG. 23.— Docile Expression.

the moment of taking up the foot with the other, there is firm press-
ure exerted against the hip, to throw the weight upon the op-
posite leg, the foot can be brought up easily, and then, when sub-
mitted to, the simple movement forward will bring it against the
knees to be handled with safety as desired. In leading by the
halter, if, instead of pulling straight ahead, which gives the horse
great advantage to resist, the operator stands opposite the shoulder
and pulls sufficiently hard to bring
the horse off his feet a few times,
he will soon follow unconditionally
without the least restraint.

In a hundred different ways this
principle is seen to be illustrated in
consequence of the horse's not being
sufficiently, disciplined to make him
entirely manageable in harness and
fearless when under the tests of se-
vere excitement. It is for this
reason that horses that may have
been driven for months, or even
years, when managed with care, or
not subjected to unusual causes of
accident or excitement, are liable
at some unguarded moment, when

FIG. 24.— Coarse, Low-bred Horse.

36 /'///.vr/y/JES' OF TREATMENT.

exposed to some exceptional strain, up to which they have not been
tested, to become frightened and resist control, thereby resulting in
constantly recurring cases of accident, as well as endangering the
spoiling of the horse ; which would all have been prevented by the
application and proper carrying out of necessary treatment in the
first place.

Second : We see that when an object of fear or unusual sound
is brought suddenly or unexpectedly to the horse's notice, or in con-
tact with any part of his body, it is liable to excite the most intense
fear and resistance ; whereas, if brought slowly and gently to his no-
tice, letting him smell or feel of it until convinced of its harmless-
ness, it can be brought over and around him without causing the
least fear or attracting his attention. It makes no difference whether

FIG. 25.— Vicious. FIG. 26.— Treacherous.

it is in driving to a carriage, letting the cross-piece come against the
quarters, raising an umbrella behind him, the noise of a steam-engine,
or anything else, the principle is the same.

Third : In relation to making him understand the meaning of
special sounds or words of command. If a man were simply to re-
peat the word "Whoa" to a horse, he might do it indefinitely with-
out his being able to understand its meaning and object. But if the
horse were moved moderately, and immediately after the command
he were pulled upon hard enough to make him stop, he would in a
short time, when the word is repeated, learn to stop to avoid being
hurt. Or, in teaching him to back, if after the word is spoken the
reins be pulled upon sufficiently to force him back, he will, after a
few repetitions, learn, when the command is given, to go back freely,
to evade the restraint and pain.

The better to illustrate this I will include here the details of
teaching a few tricks.

'' TREATMENT.

'\<> teach a horse to make a bow, first.
prick him lightly on the back with a pin,
and repeat this until, in his efforts to avoir!
the annoyance, he drops his head, |
which ( be pricking

until the head is a^ain dropped, v/h<

at the caress and give him something
of which he is fond, and continue to alter-
nate in this way with the pricking, car
ing, and rewarding, until at the least motion
of the hand toward the back he will drop
hish

each him to kick, simply prick him,
on the rump until there is an inclination
to kick up, when, as before, caress him, and
so repeat until the least motion of the
hand toward the rump will induce him to
kick up.

In teaching any kind or number of tricks,
the principle is the same, the only differ-
ence being that instead of a pin, other
means adapted to the requirements of the
case must be used.

t one thing should be taught at ir
time, and that slowly and carefully re-
peated until thoroughly understood. The
duller the horse, and the more complicated
or difficult to the understanding the point
to be taught, the less can be safely at-
tempted, and the more time must neces-
sarily l>e taken ; while the more intelligent
the horse, and the simpler the thing re-
quired to be done, the more can be ac-
complished. And each point thus
should be made the foundation for the
next, until the education is complete.

Again, to have prompt obedience,
the same signal and word given in
teaching the trick, or whatever is re-
quired to be done, must be repeated
.exactly, even to the tone and pitch of
the voice; otherwise a horse is liable

38

PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT.

FIGS. 31-36.— Extremes of
Low-bred, Vicious Character.

to become more or less confused and unable
to understand or obey. The principle is the
same in teaching a horse to do anything in
or out of harness ; the point being that such
means or methods of treatment are to be
used as will give the necessary control, and
at the same time convey to the understanding
in the most direct manner the idea of what is
desired to be done.

Now, the principle is exactly the same in
both preventing and overcoming viciousness
or bad habits, no 'matter what their character
or degree ; the only difference being that in-
stead of teaching a trick, or obedience in any
respect, we must aim now to combat the habit
already formed, simply repeating until there is
entire docility and submission.

Again, in resorting to physical power, the
nearer we are able to use it so as not to cause
pain nor excite the belligerent nature of the
horse, the better. If a man were strong
enough to take a fighting bully by the shoul-
ders and shake him so thoroughly as to show
him that he had power to control the fellow as
he pleased, and then treat him kindly and
convince him that his intentions were good, it
would have a better effect in impressing him
with a sense of the man's mastery, and make
him less inclined to resist, than if he had ob-
tained control of him after a desperate struggle
that would heat his blood and arouse his pas-
sions to the point of recklessness.

In like manner, if we could use power
directly upon a horse, so as to restrain and
control him as we wished, it would be far more
effective than if the effort were of a character
to cause him to become maddened and heated ;
or, if this be impossible, then the reso'rting to
such indirect measures of coercion as will en-
able us to accomplish this most safely and
easily.

Now, the treatment herein given does this

PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT.

39

with far more ease, directness, and success
than has ever yet been accomplished. It not
only enables us to control with the greatest
facility, frequently in a few minutes, not ex-
ceeding twenty or thirty, horses that had re-
sisted all previous efforts to subdue or con-
trol them, and become practically worthless,
but it gives the proper foundation for making
the character safe and reliable afterward, its
most remarkable feature being the startling
results accomplished in so short a time, ap-
parently changing the entire nature of the
horse as if by magic.

This treatment is the outgrowth of the
practice of over eighteen years of the most
constant and exacting experimenting, and
has been proved, by the results exhibited, to
bring the control and education of horses as
nearly as possible to the line of an exact
science, conclusively showing that when
horses become vicious or unmanageable, it is
the result of ignorance or bad management,
which the treatment herein given, if properly
applied, would have entirely prevented.

I could include a great deal of other
treatment, and much of it very good, but
wishing only to give what is practical, I con-
fine myself to such treatment only as I have
found in my experience to be best.

Before taking up details, I would state
that there is no difficulty in making a horse,
even when of a very vicious character, gentle
for a short time ; but the difficulty is to be
able to hold and fix the character in such
a way that he will remain gentle. This may
be done in quite a variety of ways. Any
method of lowering the vitality, such as bleed-
ing, physicking, preventing sleep, depriving
of food or water, subjecting to intense pain,
or, in fact, any means whereby we can suc-
cessfully lower the strength, will make a
horse gentle. But the difficulty is that, how-
ever gentle he may be at the time, when the

FIGS. 37-42. — Modifica-
tions of Well-bred Character.

PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT.

FIGS. 43-48. — Modifica-
tions of Vicious Character.

effect passes off, or the horse regains his
strength, there will be so great a tendency to
gravitate back to the former condition that
the treatment will nearly always result in dis-
appointment.

While it is known that many persons have
the power of controlling the will of others, or
what is termed psychologizing them, and that
some of the lower animals-secure their prey in
this manner, as exhibited by the snake in
charming birds and small animals, various cases
of which I refer to (particularly in discussing
this subject) in my special work on the horse,
the principle does not seem to work in the
control of horses ; certainly it has not in my ex-
perience, and I have hundreds of times pro-
duced results before classes which seemed so
remarkable to them that they would insist upon
searching my gloves and clothes for some scent
or odor which might account to them for the
effect produced ; and even after this they could
scarcely realize that it could be accomplished
b^ the treatment illustrated before them. I
have had members of classes repeatedly tell
me in private that they knew I must have ac-
quired my power by some secret not revealed
to them, and be so confident of this that they
would offer me large sums for it.

I necessarily acquired a certain expert-
ness, the result of practice and accuracy of
judgment in applying treatment, that often en-
abled results, in the control of certain types of
resistance and character, that seemed very re-
markable. This was frequently shown in the
cases of horses afraid of a blanket, a buffalo-
robe, or something of the kind ; in the control
of a stallion so as to be led up to a mare and
then called away ; the control of a wild and
seemingly very dangerous colt that had been
proved very unmanageable, so as to drive en-
tirely gentle without breeching ; the making of
a colt follow, or the making of a halter-puller
when hitched stand quietly without attempt-

PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT.

41

ing to pull. It was no unusual thing for me to do, when the case
happened to be good, within two or three minutes to be able to

FIGS. 49-51 —Three Types of Good Character.

throw a buffalo-robe as I pleased over the head or around the body
of a horse that had previously been quite seriously afraid of it,
without the horse caring much about it. In the control of a head-
strong stallion, if a good subject, it rarely required more than four
or five minutes ;. the hitching up and driving gentle of such a colt as
described, in six to eight or ten minutes ; the making of a halter-
puller stand submissive under the most severe excitement of being

FIGS. 52-54.— Coarse, Low Character.

whipped over the head, or the cause of the pulling thrown in his face,
without his pulling, in a couple of minutes.

Now, it is needless to add that if this treatment had been ap-
plied roughly or improperly, this control could only be obtained after
considerable severe treatment that would excite the horse greatly,
thus acquiring control only at the expense pf considerable time

PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT.

FIG. 55.— Vicious Horse in a Rage.

and trouble. This
rule, in fact, runs
through every
phase of the
treatment, in il-
lustratingits suc-
cess and apply-
ing it properly.

SUGGESTIONS IN

RELATION TO

PRINCIPLES O"F

MANAGEMENT.

If we tie down
a horse's ear, or
grasp it with the

hand and twist it a little, it will be found that a horse that had been
very nervous to shoe will often stand quite gentle to be shod.
The jockey has learned that he can frequently make a bad kicking
mare drive without kicking by tying the tail down to the cross-
piece of the shafts or forward to the belly-band of the harness, so
that it cannot be raised ; because disabling the tail creates such a
sense of helplessness as to counteract the inclination to kick.

Sometimes checking the head high will accomplish the same
result. Putting
cobbles or shot in
the ears will, on
the same princi-
ple, sufficiently
disconcert a balky
horse to make him
go right along.
Blindfolding b y
covering the eyes
only carries this
to a greater ex-
tent, and will be
found in rri o s t
cases to make
quite a stubborn
horse work with
excellent success. FIG. 56.— A Noted Vicious Horse.

PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT. 43

The secret of the first horse-tamer of whom I have any account
— Dick Christian of England — consisted simply in tying up the
fore leg, and then mounting and riding the horse until submissive.
The next step in this direction was disabling both fore legs, and thus
forcing the horse to lie down, which carried this principle to a
greater degree of perfection. This was regarded a very rare secret,
and was the basis of the methods practiced by Bull in England, Sul-
livan in Mallow, Ireland, Denton Offutt in Kentucky, and O. H. P.
Fancher in Ohio, who were the first, most pretentious, and noted,
before the advent of Rarey, who learned the secret of Denton Offutt,

FIG. 57. — An Incident in the Driving of a Noted Runaway Horse.

at the time a resident of Georgetown, Ky. This was the sole and
only secret upon which were based Rarey's most extraordinary pre-
tensions, and for teaching which he made $100,000 in England ; and
probably much more than that was paid in this country for the same
knowledge.

I may add, by w-ay of explanation, that the control of Cruiser
and other noted cases in England and France, upon which his repu-
tation was based, although it was assumed to be, was not and could
not have been accomplished by this treatment. Those interested
in a full explanation of all the facts in regard to it, will find the de-
tails in the chapter on " Subjection" in my work, " Facts for Horse-
Owners."

44:

PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT.

Various remedies have also been assumed to be used for taming
horses under the pretense of a great secret, or the guise of fascina-
tion, on the principle of using certain scents for attracting and con-
trolling certain wild animals or fishes. These means have about the
same effect upon a horse as good apples, or anything else of which
the horse is naturally fond. While it is true that horses may some-
times, for example, be strongly repelled by blood or the odor of poi-
sonous snakes, and other dangerous animals, and that they are at-
tracted and quieted by other scents, I have found nothing of the

FIG. 58.— The Famous Horse Jet, of Portland, Me., Subdued by the Author in Thirty Minutes.

kind that would accomplish satisfactory results to me in their con-
trol, but little more than would be done by good apples, or the
giving of anything else of which the horse is fond. Offutt and
Fancher, before referred to, were the most pretentious in their use
of such scents, the details of which I include in my other work.

Various alterations or modifications of this method of subduing
horses were made at different times by different parties ; but it was
not until I was able to bring into use that here described as the
First Method of Subjection, that the real power and effect of
this principle of treatment was practically brought out ; which

PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT. 45

has been the outgrowth of a great deal of practical experimenting re-
quiring over fifteen years' time.

If in wrestling a man could be thrown directly upon his back
as fast as he could get up, it is evident a much more effectual im-
pression of his antagonist's mastery could be made than if he were
permitted to carry on a doubtful struggle for half an hour, that would
only occasionally bring him to his knees. The very doubtfulness of
the contest would stimulate him to the utmost resistance until ex-
hausted. But if he could be thrown at once, and as often as he could
get up, his courage and confidence would be soon broken up, con-
vincing him of the uselessness of continuing the struggle; and mak-
ing the impression of mastery all that could be desired.

FIG. 59.— An Act of a Noted Vicious Stallion Subdued by the Author in Less than an Hour.

Now, the effect upon a horse will be the same. If the control
can be made direct and positive, throwing him on his side as often as
he can get up, the confidence which stimulates the resistance is
quickly broken up.

The method here given as the First Method of Subjection, bears
exactly this relation to that formerly used. It gives just the ad-
vantage and power that will enable any ordinary man to throw the
strongest horse as quickly and as often as he can get up ; in
addition, he can hold him down or roll him back, as he pleases,
thereby making it not only far more effective, but entirely obviat-
ing the objections to the old method.

I have called attention to these interesting facts : first, that the
horse is governed in his actions by certain instincts or inherent

46 PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT.

powers, and that these must be studied closely as the foundation of
his successful management ; next, tha, these constitutional differences
are only provisions adapting him for special uses ; and that his charac-
ter is clearly shown by the peculiarities of his bodily structure, ac-
tions, and more especially by the features of the head. This will show,
when looked at carefully, that resistance is only the expression of
natural instinct, and that fear or vicious actions are not to be taken
as indicating a degree of bad character or viciousness that should

FIG. 60.— The Thorough-bred.

be considered an obstacle in making the character good, simply
requiring greater care and thought in meeting and combating
the resistance, whatever it is, in the most simple, direct, and
humane manner. Though referred to before, it is so important
that I call attention to it again here, that though the treat-
ment may be applied just ri'ght, if not carried far enough, the
failure may be as great as if improper treatment had been used ;
and above all, that the better nature is to be won by patient, per-
sistent kindness. I have called attention, next, to the various
methods of treatment taught me by the experience of many long
years of observation, experiment, and study, and have tried faith-
fully to make the explanations as simple and olain as I could. ,

PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT.

Now, it is indispensable that this chapter, at
parts of it, which are the key and groundwork of the detailed

FIG. 61.— A Good Model of Draught Horse.

instructions in subsequent chapters, should be read very carefully.
You cannot understand these principles too well.

FIG. 62.— Shetland Pony.

48'

¥8?NQ1PL1SS OF TREATMENT.

There are also many points having close relation to this subject,
and of great interest to the horseman, which want of space in a gen-
eral work of this character compels me to omit : First, the inside
history of Rarey's career, as a means of correcting the false impres-
sions created by his pretensions and assumed success, because with-
out it there was necessarily a certain mystery about the performance
of this du.ty that could not well be made plain ; second, the details

FIG. 63. — Model of the French Norman Horse.

of the management and history of a large number of specially repre-
sentative vicious horses, as suggestive aids to treatment in similar
cases ; third, the outlines of my experience with reference to many
cases and circumstances named, the better to authenticate the facts
stated. There are also special chapters on other points having
close and important connection with the instruction given on this
subject. All these points are very fully given in my regular work
on the horse, which can be referred to by those interested.

I would now call attention to what I deem the most important
condition of success, which should be considered, above all others, as
deserving of the most serious consideration, namely, the judgment
and skill with which the treatment is applied.

Fig. I.

The shoe properly formed, adjusted, and nailed on the hoof of a five-year-
old horse that had never been shod but once,

Fig. II.

The foot as it is ruined by bad treatment. The shoe and nails are too
large; the nails too many in number and driven too deep. The shoe is set back
too far. The hoof is rasped away so much as to weaken it and destroy its sym-
metry.

PLATE I.

PL&T1 II.

PLATE !L*

A front view of the bones of the fore feet of a horse
in their relative position.

A. The pastern bone.

B. The coronary bone.

C. The navicular bone.

D. The foot bone.

E. The point of insertion of the tendon of the extensor muscle.

F. A concavity to give attachment to the ligament which unites the
foot bone to the coronary bone at G.

G. Coronary bone. .

H. A continuation of the same concavity, to which the cartilage of

the foot bone is attached.
I, I. The upper and lower processes of the foot bone.

K, K. A groove in the foot bone, which receives a division of the
main artery, coming round from behind.

K, L. A groove receiving another division of that artery, which pro-
ceeds round the extreme edges of the foot bone.

*The plates here given are selected from the author's special book on the horse,
"Facts for Horse Owners," in which are forty plates. In the extra edition these plates
are printed in colors.

PLATE III.

PLATE HI.

Fig. I.

A back view of the bones of the fore foot in their relative
situation.

A. Pastern bone.

B. Coronary bone.

C. Navicular bone.

D. Foot bone.

E. A cavity which in the natural state is filled with fat.

F. The upper surface of the navicular bone, from which two ligaments
arise, and pass round the lateral depression in the coronary bone,
marked G.

G. Points of attachment on each side of the ligament which unites the
navicular bone to the foot bone.

I. Two grooves in which two main trunks of the arteries are continued

into the foot bone.
K. The line of insertion of the tendon of the flexor muscle.

Fig. II.

A view of the anterior and inferior surfaces of the navicu-
lar bone detached from the other bones.

lig.r

PLATE I¥

PLATE IY.

This cut represents the third phalanx seen from its pos-
terior part ; and the navicular bone, — inferior, superior, and
anterior views.

Fig, L

Posterior Part of the Third Phalanx (ADULT).

A. Semi-lunar crest.

D. Basilar process.

F. Superior border.

G. Spreading out of the articular face.

K. Anterior view of the pyramidal eminence.

M. Posterior view of the inferior face.

N. Glenoid cavity of the superior face.

Q. Portion of the articular surface corresponding to the anterior bor-
der of the navicular bone.

R. Retrossal process.

S. Edge of the plantar fissure.

V. Posterior border of the third phalanx.

X. Plantar orifice for passage of blood vessels.

Fig. II.

Posterior Part of the Third Phalanx (COLT).

A. Semi-lunar crest.

D. Basilar process.

F. Superior border.

M. Posterior view of the bone.
R. Retrossal process.
S. Plantar fissure.

Fig. IIL

Inferior Face of Navicular*

C. Transverse ridge.

E. Anterior border.

H. Extremity of the bone.

Fig. IV.

A. Median ridge or bulge of the superior face.

D. Anterior superior border.

E. Anterior inferior border.

G. Posterior border (is very thick, and cribbled or pierced with vas-

cular orifices).

Fig. V.

Anterior Face of Navicular.

E. Soft part hollowed under the anterior articular facet.
H. Articular facet corresponding to the posterior facet of the third
phalanx.

lifl

EiglH.

PLATE ¥.

PLATE ¥«

This plate represents the third phalanx of the colt, seen
from its lateral, anterior, and inferior faces.

Fig. I.

Lateral Face.

A. Base of the pyramidal eminence.

B. Vascular porosities.

C. Patilobe eminence.
E. Pre-plantar fissure.

D. Basilar process.

K. Pyramidal eminence.
R. Retrossal process.

Fig. II.

Anterior Face.

A. Pyramidal eminence.

B. Porosities and vascular imprints

C. Patilobe eminence.

D. Basilar, process.

E. Pre-plantar fissure.

F. Superior border.
Fig. III.

Inferior Face.
A. Semi-lunar crest.
H. Plantar fissure.

J. Imprint of the insertion of the perforans.
P. Inferior face.
S. Edge of the plantar fissure.

PLATE YI.

PLATE YI.

This figure represents the posterior face of the digital
region, flexed backward in a manner to show in its full ex-
tent the inferior or plantar face of the foot.

The skin has been lifted from above the third phalanx,
and the enveloping sheaths of the tendons are dissected. The
velvety tissue is preserved.

A. Median part of the pyramidal body (fleshy frog) of plantar

cushion, or sensitive tissue of the sole.

B. Branches of the pyramidal body.

C. Cartilaginous bulb.

E. Angle of inflection of the branches of the pyramidal body.

F. Point or apex of the fleshy frog.

J. Interval of separation of the two branches of the perforatus.

L. Lateral lacunae of the pyramidal body.

M. Median lacunae of the pyramidal body.

Q, Q. Fibrous sheath of union of the two branches of the perforatus.

R. Branches of theperforatus directing th emselves towardtheir point
of insertion at the second phalanx.

T. Tendon of the perforatus.

T'. Tendon of the perforans at its passage between the branches of
the perforatus.

V. Strengthening sheath of the plantar aponeurosis.

X. Lateral bands of the strengthening sheath of the plantar aponeu-
rosis, which cross the direction of the branches of the perfo-
ratus to go and attach themselves on the lateral parts of the
first phalanx.

• PLATE YII.

PLATE YII.

This plate shows a longitudinal section of the digital re-
gion in its median plane.

Its object is to show the spongeous substance in the in-
terior of the bone, the fibrous intersections in the plantar
cushion of the articular and tendinous synovial sheaths, and
of the plantar cushion (or pad) in the interior of the hoof
under the third phalanx and the navicular bone.

A. Inferior part of the pad (cushion)

B. Ligamentous bands (filaments) representing the structure of the

fibrous body forming the plantar pad.

C. Enveloping fibrous membrane of the plantar pad.

D. Point of insertion of the plantar pad to the inferior face of the

bone of the foot.

E. Spongeous substance of the interior of the second phalanx.

F. Articulation of the first phalanx with the second.

H. Branches of the perforatus at its insertion to the lateral parts of
the second phalanx, or small pastern bone.

I. Insertion of the plantar aponeurosis to the semi-lunar crest.

K. Interior of the first phalanx.

L. Section of the perforatus tendon.

M. Transverse ligament of the yellow fibrous tissue uniting the an-
terior face of the perforans to the posterior face of the os
coronae, etc. (2d phalanx).

K. Diverticulum of the sheath of the articulation of the foot between
the little sesamoid and the third phalanx.

O. Little sesamoidal sheath.

P. Capsule of the articulation of the foot set superiorly against the
cul du sac of the great sesamoidal sheath.

T. Perforans tendon.

Y. Metacarpo-phalangial articulation, or fetlock joint.

PLATE YHI

PLATE ¥10,

This plate represents a transverse section of the poste-
rior part of the foot behind the phlanges, between the two
fibre-cartilages.

It shows the disposition of the bulbs of the plantar pad,
or cushion, the stratified layers of the pyramidal body, the
hight of the cartilages of the Koof, and the direction of the
bars.

B. Bulb of the plantar pad (or cushion).

C. Internal face of the fibro-cartilages, or lateral cartilages.
C'. Hight of the hoof.

D. Part of the lateral band of the reinforcing sheath of the perforans.

E. Point of junction of the inferior border of the cartilages with

the substance of the plantar pad, or cushion.

F. Longitudinal depression of the anterior face of the plantar pad.

G. Stratified layers of the plantar pad in the pyramidal body.
Z. Superior surface of the bars.

Y. Thickness, and direction of the bars.

PLATE IX.

PLATE IX.

Arterial Vessels.

The figure shows the superficial disposition of the dig-
ital artery on the lateral face of the ' phalanges.

A. A', A". Digital artery from its emerging point above the great ses-

amoids to the point where it disappears under the plate of
cartilages in N.

B. Anterior transverse branch at the metacarpo-phalangial articula-

tion.,

C. Perpendicular artery.

D. Ascending branch" of the perpendicular artery.

E. Descending branch of the perpendicular artery.

F. Transverse branch forming with the corresponding one the su-

perficial coronary circle.

f. Descending ramuscules in the pad of the superficial coronary circle,
f. Ascending ramuscules of the podophyllous tissue, or sensitive

laminae.

G. Posterior transverse branches of the metacarpo-phalangial articu-

lation.

K. Artery of the plantar pad, or cushion.

P. Circumflex artery.

U, U. Ascending terminal divisions of the digital artery ; they emerge
from the porosities of the third phalanx, and send ramifica-
tions to the podophyllous tissue.

i- A

PLATE X,

PLATE X.

Arterial Vessels.

The figure represents the superficial disposition of the
digital artery at the superior face of the fiVst two phalanges
and at the inferior face of the third.

A, A'. Digital artery in its passage along the phalanges.
G. Posterior transverse branches of the metacarpo-phalangial artic-
ulation.

H. Branches above one another at intervals.
K. Artery of the plantar pad, or cushion.
L. Internal branch of the artery of the plantar pad.
P, P, P. Circumflex artery.
Y, Y. Solar arteries, or arteries of plantar surface.

FL&T1 XI.

PLATE XI.

Arterial Vessels.

The figure shows the deep disposition of the digital ar-
tery at the posterior face of the first two phalanges, and in the
interior of the third seen from its inferior face.

A, A'. Digital artery.

C. Perpendicular artery at its point of origin.

H. One of the branches running posteriorly, destined to the per-
forkns tendon, in which it ramifies itself.

J. Deep-seated branch.

K. Point of origin of the artery of the plantar pad.

M. Deep transverse branch, completing behind the front superficial
coronary circle.

S. Plantar artery or posterior terminal branch, in the plantar fissure,
and in the semi-lunar sinus, where it forms with its analogue the
semi-lunar anastomosis.

V, V. Radiated divisions of the digital artery emanating from the con-
vexity of the semi-lunar anastomosis, and following the direction
of the descending canals of the third phalanx to go and con-
tribute to the formation of the circumflex artery at the exterior
circumference of the notched border of the bone.

PLATE XII.

PLATE XII.

This figure represents the principle nerves of the digital
region.

The plantar nerve occupies the same situation, but the
divisions which emanate from it are more numerous and more
anastomotic.

P. Plantar nerve.

A. Point of emergence of the plantar nerve above the sesamoids.

B, B. Cartilaginous branch.

C, C. Cutaneous branch.

D. Digital artery.
F\ Bulbous branch.

G. Transverse branch behind the metacarpo-phalangial articulation.

I. Nerve of the plantar pad.

L. Lateral band, or filamentous stay, of the proper tunic of the
plantar pad. It crosses obliquely from backward forward, and
from upward downward, the direction of the plantar nerve.

V. Digital vein.

PL&TE XIII.

PLATE XIII.

This figure represents on the digital region, seen from
three-fourths behind, the disposition of the plantar nerve on
the posterior face of the phalanges of the terminal divisions
in the interior of the bone of the foot.

P. Plantar nerve.

A. Point of emergence of the plantar nerve above the sesamoids.

B. Cartilaginous branch.

C. Cutaneous branch.

D. Digital artery.

H. Occasional divison destined to the cartilaginous bulbs.

I, I. Branch of the plantar pad.

K. Transverse coronary branch.

M. Podophyllous division.

O. Pre-plantar nerve.

Q. Descending branch in the patilobe fissure.

R. Arterial ramuscules accompanying the digital artery in the plan-
tar fissure.

V. Vein following sometimes behind the plantar nerve in all its
phalangial course. This vessel does not always exist.

PLATE XI¥.

The object of this figure is to show the disposition of
the capillary vessels in the tegument of the digital region seen
sidewise.

A. A. Arterial vessels of the skin.

B. B\ Arterial vessels of the coronary band, or cushion.

R. Villosities of the coronary cushion. This vessel does not always
exist.

This figure represents the principal perioplic bourrelet,
the coronary groove and the podophyllous tissue or sensitive
laminae.

A, B. Principal coronse (or cutidura) with -Hie villosities covering it.

C. Superior border of the coronary cushion.

D. Perioplic coronary groove.

B. Perioplic (pad) covered with little horny substance.

F. Inferior border of the cushion.

G. Podophyllous tissue, or sensitive laminae.

H. Villosities of the inferior extremity of the podophyllous laminae.

E. Arterial vessels.

K. Small arterial branches.

PLATE XY

PLATE X¥«

This figure represents the superior face of the floor
of the hoof, formed by the sole and the frog. The wall has
been cut at the level of the sole, in order to show the ter-
mination of the horny leaves in the edge, or border of the
sole

A. Circular digital cavity at the point of reunion of the sole and the

wall.

B. Superior border of the frog.

C. Termination of the horny leaves in the edge of the sole.

D. Cavity formed by the superior face of the frog.

E. Ridge of the frog, or frog stay.

F. Groove of the superior face of the frog.

G. External face of the glomes of the frog.

N. Keraphyllous tissue at the internal face of the bars.

O. Cutigeral cavity at the level of the angles of inflection.

X. Bottom of the angle of inflection.

Y. Point of termination of the bars at the lateral parts of the frog.

K .

I —

— G

~ C

~ B

- H

PLATE XVI.

PLATE XVI,

View of the hoof from its inferior face.

P. The wall.

S. The sole.

L. The frog.

A. Line indicating the commissure of the sole and the wall, known

as the linea alba, or white line.

B. Angle of inflection of wall of the heels (buttress).

C. Superior border of buttress.

D. Region of the heels of the foot within the angle known as seat

of corn.

E. Inferior border of the bars,

F. External face of the bars lining the lateral lacunae of the frog.

G. Glomes of the frog, or bulbs of the heels.

H. Terminal extremity of the bars at the sides of the frog

I. Point of the frog.

K. Branches of the frog.

M. Regions of the mamellas of the hoof.

P, Region of the toe of the hoof.

Q. Median lacuna of the frog.

U. Region of the quarters.

GENERAL INDEX,

PART FIRST.

Abnormal presentations, 611.

Acidity of stomach, 534.

Acute indigestion, 535.

Adams, Dr., on bots, 516.

Adaptation in domestic animals, 28.

Adhesive plaster, a good, 572.

Age, how to tell, 313.

Ainaurosis, 586.

Anasarca, 589.

Ancltylosis of bones, 411.

Arab horses, docility of, 27.

Arnd horse, 242.

Ascaris, 509.

Ascaris mystax, 511.

Ascites, 587.

Attention in care of horse, 408.

Azoturia, 524.

Back, teaching to, 93, 119.
Back tendons, sprain of, 549.
Bad to bridle, 181.
Bad to shoe, 209.

Confirmed in the habit, 215.

Instances of, 213.

Will not stand, 201
Balking, 193.

Double, 202.

Illustrations of, 206.

Medicine, 196.

Regular treatment, 198.

Restless, 199.

Best treatment, 205.

Starting the balker, 196.
Balls, giving, 621.
Bellows Falls horse, 220.
Belly, dropsy of, 587.
Biting while grooming, 181.
Bit, " W," or breaking, 88.

Four-ring, 94, 175.

Half-moon, 97.

Spoon, 98.
Bitting, 111.

Bitting rig in training mouth, 110.
Bleeding, 626.
Blind Billy, 275.
Blinders, 255.

A cause of injury, 256.

When to use, 1*23.

Representative cases, 258.
Blistering for spavin, 419.
Blisters, 613.

Blood, circulation of, 401.
Bloody urine, 519.
Bog spavins, 428.
Bone, anchylosis of, 411.

Caries of, 412.
' Necrosis of, 413.
Bones of the feet, 331.
Bonner, Robert, eulogy on, 330.
Bony enlargement, 414.
Bots, 513.

Bowels, inflammation of, 502.
Breaking a horse to lead, 101.

Halter-pullers, 101.
Breaking bit, 88, 191.
Breaking down, 554.

In breaking balkers, 105.
Breeding, 296.

Care of the mare, 298.
Bridle, war, 81, 107.

First form, 81.

Details of its application, 82.

Second form, 84.

Double draw hitch form, 85.

Secret of using, 87.
Bridle, patent, 99, 189, 206, 225.
Broken knees, 562.
Broken wind, 466.
Bronchitis, 478, 492.
Bronchocele, 471.
Brookville horse, 150.
Bruises, 548.
Bruise of the sole, 540.

Of the cheeks, 575.
Burrs, use of, 254.

Calks, 540.

Serious case of, 542.
Canker, 547.
Capped hock, 430.
Care of mare in breeding, 298.

In going round a horse, 239.
Carelessness in shoeing, results of, 536.
Caries of bone, 412.

Of tooth, 322.

Carrots, a good laxative, 308.
Cast in stall, 272.
Castration, 608.
Cataract, 586.
Catarrh, 453.
Cathartics, 625.
Catarrhal fever, 473.

(1117)

1118

GENERAL INDEX: PART FIRST.

Causes of injury, 382.

Caustics, 630.

Character spoiled by rough treatment, 234.

Check, overdraw, 173.

Checking and blinders, 246.

Cruelty of, 246.

Illustrative cases, 252.
Cheeks, cuts or bruises on, 575.
Chronic cough, 464.

Founder, 449.

Rheumatism, 630.
Circulation of blood. 401.
Cleveland horse, 149.
Clicking, 379.
Clinching down nails, 347.
Colic, 493.

Spasmodic, 495.

Flatulent, 498.
Collar galls, 605.
Colt, hitching the, 128.
Colt training, 106.
Congestion of lungs, 476, 4SO.
Constipation, 508.
Contraction, its cure, 351.
Cooking food, 309.
Cord used for war bridle, 82,
Corns, 369.
Cough, chronic, 464.
Counter-irritants, 613.
Cow, to lead a, easily, 274.
Cracked heels, 597, 599.
Crack, quarter, 365.
Crescent shoes, 390.
Cribbing, how to break the habit, 266.

Gross's device for, 267.

Throat-strap for same, 267.

French method of, 269.
Cropping and docking, 247.
Curb, 427.

Cuts or wounds, 568.
Cuts on cheeks, 575.
Cystitis, 518.

Dexter, routine of care of, 310.

Diabetes, 517.

Diaphragm, spasmodic action of, 531.

Diarrhea, 506.

Dick Christian, secret of, 43.

Diseases and their treatment, 401.

Diseases of the bones, 411.

Eye, 579.

Feet, 536.

Lungs, 476.

Nervous system, 520.

Skin, 592.

Dislocation of patella, 566.
Diuresis, 517.

Division of the tendons, 606.
Docking, 247.
Double balking, 202.
Driving in harness, 118.

Without reins, 285.
Driving nails, methods of, 345.
Dropsy of belly, 587.

Elbow, tumor on, 604.

Embrocations, 628.

English m'ethod of driving nails, 345,

Enlargement, bony, 414.

Epizootic, 473.

Equestrianism, 286.

Beneficial to health, 293.
Excessive fear, its effects, 130.
Exostosis, 414.
Eye, diseases of, 579. -

Inflammation of, 581.

False ring-bone, 426.
Farcy, 459.
Fear, 130.

Of rattle of wagon, 135.

Top carriage, 136.

Threshing-machine, 138.

Robe, 139.

Umbrella or parasol, 141.

Sound of a gun, 141.

Objects while riding or driving, 13S.

Hogs and dogs, 142.

Railroad cars, 142.

Jumping out of shafts, 136.

Insanity, 143.
Feeding and watering, 307.

Effects of overfeeding, 307.

Mr. Bonner's system of, 310.
Feet, 298.

Bones of, 330.

Kind of in good breeders, 29S.
Fetlock, sprain of, 555.
Filaria, 510.
Firing, 420.

Pyro-puncturing process. 42-3.
First method of subjection, 52.
Fissure in the toe, 369.
Fistula of withers, 575.
Flatulent colic, 498.
Fleming on paring and rasping, 3S5.
Foaling, 611.
Follow by the whip, 275.
Fomentations, hot, 616.
Food, cooking the, 309.
Foot, the, 536.

Accidents and injuries of, 536.

Lameness, 538.
Foot-strap, 101.
Founder, 441.

Foundered horses, shoeing, 381.
Four-ring bit, 175, 188.
Fractures, 565.
Frog-pressure, 352.

Gadfly, 513.

Galls, collar and saddle, 605.

Gallupville horse, 164.

Gamgee, Prof., on quittor, 544.

Getting cast in stall, 272.

Glanders and farcy, 459.

Glass-eye, 586.

Glass, stepping on, 536.

Gross's device for curing cribbing, 267.

GENERAL INDEX: PART FIRST.

1119

Graveling, 539.

Grease 600.

Great Barrington balking case,, 206.

Half-moon bit, 97, 186.
Haltering, simple way of, 115.
Halter-pulling, 101, 222.

Instances of, 224.
Hamill, Prof., on tip shoeing, 3.35.
Harnessing, kicking while, 179.
Headstrong stallions, treatment for, 235.
Heaves, 466.
Heels, opening the, 360.

Weak, 374.
Hen lice, 595.
Herman horse, 234.
Herpes, 597.
Hetrick horse, 149.
High checking, 248.
Hind feet, to shoe, 348.
Hip lameness, 559.
Hip strap, 174.
Hitching a colt, 128.

To wagon, 121.

To stand without, 231.
Hives, 593.
Hoof-ointment, 600.
Horseback riding, 286.
Horse distemper, 457.
Hot fomentations, 616.
Hydrothorax, 490.

Idiopathic tetanus, 529.
Indiana stallion, 148.
Indigestion, 534.

Acute, 535.
Inflammation of bowels, 502.

Bladder, 518. '

Brain, 520.

Eyes, 581.

Feet, 536.

Kidneys, 516.

Lungs, 483.

Os pedis, 452.

Veins, 590.
Influenza, 473.
Injury, special causes of, 382.
Injuries to the tongue, 574.
Insanity, 143.
Interfering, 378.

Jennings, Dr., on caries of teeth, 463.
Jumping out of shafts, 136.
Over fences, 273.

Kickers in stall, 176.

Switching, 170.

Runaway, 124.
Kicking,. 148.

Common causes of, 151.

Cows, 273.

Illustrative cases, 148.

In stall, 271.

While harnessing,. 179.

Kicking-straps, 171.
Kiss, teaching to, 279.
Knees, broken, 562.
Knuckling over, 561.

Ladies riding, 293.

Lameness, navicular-joint, 432, 556.

Foot, 538.

Hip, 559.

Shoulder, 556.

Stifle-joint, 567.
Laminitis, 441.

Dr. Meyer's treatment of, 446.

Dr. Shepard's, 447.

Dr. Hamill's, 448.
Lampas, 591.
Lancaster horse, 150.
Laryngitis, 455.

Lead, breaking a horse to, 101.
Lead a cow easily, to, 274.
Leaning over, 221.
Leveling feet for shoeing, 339.
Lie down, teaching to, 279.
Liniments, 629.
Lock-jaw, 528.
Lowering vitality, 39.
Lugging, 190.
Lumbricoides, 512.
Lungs, congestion of, 480.
Lymphangitis, 532.

Mad staggers, 520.

Maine man's method with balkers, 197.

MaUenders, 605.

Mammitis, Appendix, 472.

Mange, 593.

Mansfield mare, 149.

Mare, care of in breeding, 298.

Me Beth, Dr., on spinal meningitis, 525.

Me Bride, Prof., on check-rein, 254.

McLellan, Prof., on tip shoeing, 337,

Megrims, 522.

Meningitis, spinal, 524.

Metastasis, 520.

Methods of subjection. First, 52.

Second, 61.

Third, 71.

"Monday morning leg," 532.
Mouth, training of, 110.

Controlling, 183.

Sore, 575.

Mud fever or scratches, 597.
Mule, treatment of, 263.

For saddle gall, 265.

bailing, 343.

Clinching down, 347.
Nails, driving in deep, 536.
Nails, stepping on, 536.
Nasal gleet, 471.

Navicular-joint lameness, 432, 556.
Necrosis of bone, 413.
Neglect of horses when hitched, 261.
Nervous system, diseases of, 520.

1120

GENERAL INDEX: PART FIRST.

Nettle rash, 593.
Norwalk horse, 150.

Objects, fear of, 138.
Objections in stabling, 302.
Ointments, 572.

Hoof, 600.
Opening the heels, 360.

Quarters, Roberge's method, 362.
Open joint, 562.
Ophthalmia, 581.

Specific or periodic, 583.
Osmer on shoeing, 387.
Overdraw check, 173.
Overloading, 207.
Overreaching, 379, 543.
Oxyures, 510.

I*ainesville horse, 192.
Paralysis, 527.

Partial, 524.
Parasites, 509.
Paring foot, evils of, 390.
Parturition, 611.
Patella, dislocation of, 566.
Patent bridle, 99, 189, 206, 225.
Pawing in staU, 271.
Peditis, 452.

Penis, injuries and diseases of, 610.
Pennington horse, 235.
Perforans tendon, strain of, 556.
Performing blind horse, 284.
Peritonitis, 533.
Phlebitis, 590.
Phlebotomy, 626.
Phrenitis, 520.

Physical power, resorting to, 38.
Physicking, 623.
Pink-eye, 475.

Plaster, a good adhesive, 572.
Pleurisy, 476, 486.
Pneumonia, 483.

Typhoid, 491.
Poling a horse, 117.
Poll-evil, 578.
Poultices, 618.
Prairie hay as food, 307.
Prescriptions and recipes, 635.
Presentations, abnormal, 611.
Pricking in shoeing, 349, 536.
Princess, her feet, 329.
Principles of treatment, 32.
Profuse staling, 517.
Putney horse, 149.
Pulling upon one rein, 190.
Pulse, the, 619.
Pyro-puncturing process, 423.

Qualities for management of horse, 49.
Quarter-crack, 365.
Quittor, 543.

Railway cars, fear of, 142.
Recipes and prescriptions, 635.

Ravenna colt, 150. .
Reins, driving without, 2S5.
Retention of urine, 519.
Rheumatism, 630.

Acute, 632.

Chronic, 633.
Riding horseback, 286.
Rigs for throwing, 52.
Ring-bone, 425.

False, 426.
Ring-worm, 596.

Vesicular, 597.
Roaring, 469.
Robe, fear of, 139.
Roberts horse, 233.
Rolling motion shoe, 364.
Rowels, 628.
Rucking, 349.
Running away, 183.
Running back in stall, 230.

Saddle and collar galls, 605.
Saddle gall in mules, 265.
Sallenders, 604.
Sand-crack, 369.
Scratches, 597, 599.
Secret of Dick Christian, 43.
Seedy toe, 539.
Setons, 627.

Shafts, jumping out of, 136.
Sheath, foulness of, 610.
Shoe, the rolling motion, 364.
Shoeing, 329.

Foundered horses, 381.
Hind feet, 348.
Nailing, 343.

Pricking and rucking, 349.
Tips or thin shoes, 334.
Trimming, 338.
Shoulder galls, 605.
Lameness, 556.
Tumor on, 602.
Side-bone, or false ring-bone, 426.
Sinuses, 570.
Skin, diseases of, 592.

Ointment for, 600.
Skull, injuries to, 520.
Sleepy staggers, 520.
Sole, bruises of, 540.
Sore throat, 455.
Sore mouth, 575.
Spasmodic colic, 495.
Spasmodic action of the diaphragm, 531.
Spavin, 417.

Bog, 428.
Special causes of injury, 382.
Spinal meningitis, 524.
Splent, or splint, 415.
Spoiled by fright, 132.
Spoon bit, different forms of, 186.
Sprains, bruises, etc., 548.
Sprains of back tendons, 549.
Of fetlock, 555.
Of perforans tendon, 556.

GENERAL INDEX: PART FIRST.

1121

Stabliug, 301.

Stables, ventilation of, 303.

Staling, profuse, 517.

Staggers, 520.

Stallions, 232.

Fred Arnd horse, 242.

Indiana staUion, 148.

Jet, 239.

Herman horse, 234.

Lancaster horse, 150.

Roberts horse, 233.

Treatment for headstrong, 235.
Standing without hitching, 231.
Starting the balker, 196.
Stepping on nails, glass, etc., 536.
Stifle, 566.

Stifle-joint lameness, 567.
Stomach, the, 534.

Acidity of, 534.
Strangles, 457.
Strin'ghalt, 530..
Strongyli, 510.
Stumbling, 381.
Subjection, first method, 52.

Natures that will not bear it, 60.

Instructions for throwing, 55.

Second method, 61.

Third method, 71.
Submission, signs of, 75.
Sun-stroke, 523.
Superpurgation, 506.
Surfeit, 592.
Sutures, 571.
Sweeney, 558.
Swelled legs, 589.
Switching kickers, 170.

Synovial membrane, danger of cutting in
throwing, 101.

Tape-worm, 510.

Teaching a sullen colt to lead, 126.

To follow by the whip, 275.

To lead with the whip, 128.

To lie down, 279.

To stop instantly, 92.

To teU his age, 277.
Teeth, the, 313.

Telling the age by, 313.
Tender-bitted, 273.
Tendons, back, sprain of, 549.

Division of, 606.
Tenotomy, 605, 606.
Tent, dressing with, 569.
Teres lumbrici, 509.
Tetanus, 528.

Idiopathic, 529.

Traumatic, 529.

Throat-strap to cure cribbing, 267.
Thorough-pin, 428.
Thrombus, 591.
Throwing, rigs for, 52.

Instructions for, 55.

Danger in throwing forcibly, 101.
Thrush, 546.
Thumps, 531.

Tips or thin shoes, 334.

Toe, fissure in, 369.

Tommy, the throwing pony, 283.

Tongue, injuries to, 574.

Tracheotomy, 628.

Training with .common halter, 107.

To lead with whip, 128.

To handle the feet, 108.

The mouth, 110.
Treads, 540.
Treatment for very vicious horses, 219.

For very vicious stallions, 237.

For headstrong stallions, 235.
Tricks, teaching, 275.
Trichocephalus dispar, 510.
Trimming for shoeing, 338.
Trocar and canula, 501.
Tumor on shoulder, 602.

On point of elbow, 604.
Tympanites, 498.
Typhoid pneumonia, 491.

Umbrella, fear of, 141.
Upper jaw bit, 94.
Urine, bloody, 519.

Retention of, 519.
Urticaria, 593.

Veins, inflammation of, 590.
Ventilation of stables, 303.
Vertigo, 522.
Vesicular ring-worm, 597.
Very vicious horses, treatment of, 219, 235,
237. i

War bridle, 81.

Details of its application, 82.

Double draw hitch form, 85.

In colt training, 107, 118.

In treatment of kickers, 176.

Secret of using, 87.

With breaking rig, 105.
Watering, 311.
Water in the chest, 490.
Weak heels, 374.
Weed, 532.

Whip, kind of to use, 229.
Wild Pete, 144.
Will not back, 190.
Will not stand, 201.
Wind-broken, 466.
Wind-sucking, 269.
Wind-galls, 430.
Withers, fistula of, 575.
" W," or breaking-bit, 88.

Point of its use, 92.
Worms, 509.

Symptoms of, 510.
Wounds, 568.
Incised, 569.
Punctured, 571.

Yard, foulness of, 610.
Yoautt on colic, 497.

1122

GENERAL INDEX: PART SECOND

PART SECOND.

Abdominal hernia, 789.
Abortion in cattle, 836.

In sheep, 929.
Abscess of lungs, 763.

In swine, 968.

Section of, 763.
Acute dysentery, 785.
Aerator, milk, 693.
After-pains in ewes, 929.
Afghan fat-tailed sheep, 868, 873.
African beef-eater, 1108.
After-birth retained, 824.
Albuminuria, 795.
Albuminoids in food, 656.
Alsace nose-ring, applied, 851.
American procris, 1104.
Ana?mia in cattle, 741.

In sheep, 899.

In swine, 969.
Angina, 939.
Anthrax in cattle, 732, 734.

In sheep, 906.

In swine, 936, 938.
Ant-thrush, short-tailed, 1112.
Aphtha, epizootic, 737.
Apiary of A. I. Root, 1067.

Cogswell, 1068.

Kice, 1070.

Phelps, 1071.
Apoplexy in cattle, 801.

In swine, 961.

Splenic, 736.

Parturient, 832.
Apple-tree borer, 1097.
Apple-trees, insects injurious to, 1096.
Approach-grafting, 1094.
Argali, 878, 879.
Arteries of stomach, 771.
Ascaris mystax, 1060.
Ascites, 899.
Aseels, 997.

Asthenic hsematuria. 746.
Asthma, 766.
Aubrace sheep, 876, 878.
Augeron hog, 966.
Auscultation, 752.
Ayrshire bull, 649.

Heifer, 688.

Bacteridien, 732.

Bandage, many-tailed, 859.

Bandaging udder, 740.

Bark-louse, 1103.

Barns, dairy, 673.

Barrel churn, horizontal, 701.

Bee-culture, 1065.

, physiology of, 1070.

Three orders of, 1066.

Formation of eggs, 1071.

Pasturage, 1077.

Preparing for winter, 1082.

Hives, 1080.

Beecher, Rev. H. W., eloquent sermon in

behalf of birds, 1109.
Beef-eater, African, 1108.
Beetle, flea, 1104.

Eose, 1104;
Bird-louse, 1063.
Birds, a plea for the, 1107.
Black tongue, 734.
Blain, 734.

Blanchard churn, 701.
Bladder, inflammation of, 897.

Protrusion of, 800.

Stone in, 897.
Blood, diseases of, 899.
Bloodhound, 1047.
Blood-striking, 906.
Blood-sucker, 1063.
Bloody murrain, 732.
Bloody round-worm, 1059.
Bloody urine in cattle, 796.

In sheep, 901.
Blue-bottle fly, 912.
Blue disease, *945. .
Bodkin-tailed round-worm, 1059.
Bordered round-worm, lOoS.
Bowels, inflammation of, 1055.
Brahma fowls, 990.
Braxy water, 901.
Breeders in sheep, selection of, 886.
Bronchitis in cattle, 759. ,

Verminous, 812.

In sheep, 894.

In poultry, 1020.
Budding fruit, 1090.
Buffalo, cross with American cattle, 660.
Bullard's oscillating chum, 701.
Bull-dog, 1045.

" Bull-dogs" applied to nose, 776.
Bumble-foot, 1021.
Butter-making, 686.

Jars, 705.

Marketing, 704.

Working, 701.

Salting, 703.

Workers, 703.

Cachexia, 899.
Calculus, 897.
Calf-louse, 812.
Calves, raising, 662.

Feeding, 666.

Treatment of, 841.
Calving, 662.

Time of, 664.

Treatment in, 664.
Cancerous ulcers, 748.
Canker of foot, 931.
Canker worms in fruit, 1100.
Canula, application of, 765.
Caponizing fowls, 1029.
Caseine in relation lo butter, 654.

Precipitation of, 681.

GENERAL INDEX: PART SECOND

1123

Cashmere goat, 869, 874.
Castration, 930.
Catarrh, in cattle, 753.

In sheep, 893.

In swine, 954, 961.

In poultry, 1021.
Catheter, 794.
Cattle, breeds of, 648.

Diseases of, 721.
Cat-flea, 1063.
Charblais bull, 684.

Cow, 687.
Charbon, in cattle, 732

In sheep, 906.

In swine, i)36.
Charbonous fever, 732.
Cholera. 1022.

So-called, 944.
Cheese-making, 706.

Presses, 713.

Hoops, 714.

Factories, 715.
Chester white pig, 958.
Chicken-coops, 1005.
Chiff-chaff, 1107.
Chigger, 1063.
Chinese hog, 941.
Chlorine gas, apparatus for generating, 861.

For preparing, 862.
Choking, 778.
Chronic dyspepsia, 783.
Churning, 697.
Churns, 698, 699, 700, 701.
Clamp, wooden, 789.

Iron, 789.
Cleanliness, 859.
Cleft-grafting, 1094.
Clover, 668.
Cochin fowls, 989.
Codling-moths, 1101.
Ccenurus of sheep, 916, 917.

Cerebralis, 900.
Colds and cough, 962.
Colic, 841.
Constipation, in sheep, 895.

In swine, 962.

In dogs, 1055.
Consumption in cattle, 748.

In poultry, 1022.
Contagious enteric fever, 729.
Cooley's creamer, 695.
Cotswold sheep, 876, 877.
Cotyledons, 824.
Cough and colds, 962.
Cow, points of, 643.

Cows, treatment of duringgestation period, 664.
Cow-pox, 739.
Cramps, 1022.
Cream, raising of, 686.

Apparatus, 695.

Cretan, or Wallachian sheep, 871, 874.
Crevecoeurs, 987.
Crop-bound, 1023.
Croup, 841.
Curculio, plum, 1103.

Curd breakers, 710.

Drainer, 709.

Mill, 710.

Currant- worm, 1105.
Cysticercus bovis, 814.

Cellulosus, 976.
Cystitis, 799.

Dachshund, 1052.

Dairy barn, model, 673.

Dairy interest, importance of, 643.

Barns, 673.

Dangerous cattle, device for controlling, 852.
Danish dog, 1045.
Danubian goose, 998.
Debility, 1023.
Delivery milk-cans, 716.
Delwart's truss, 827.
Dermanyssus avium, 1064.
Dermatocoptes, 812.
Devon cattle, 650.
Diabetes, 793.
Diarrhea in cattle, 784.

In calves, 842.

In sheep, 895.

In swine, 963.

In poultry, 1023.

In dogs, 1054.
Dingo, 1033.
Diseases of cattle, 721.

Of sheep, 891.

Of swine, 933.

Of poultry, 1020.

Of dogs, 1053.
Dishley sheep, 866, 872.
Diphtheria in swine, 964.

In poultry, 1024.
Dipping sheep, 886.
Disinfection, 859.
Distemper, 1054.
Distention of rumen, 895.
Docking, 931.
Dogs, races of, 1031.

Diseases of, 1053.
Dog-fighting, 1045.
Dog-flea, 1063.
Dog-tick, 923.
Dorsetshire pig, 952.
Drainage, 671.
Drenching a cow, 768.
Dropping the cud, 782.
Dropsy, 899.
Ducks, 998.

Worms in, 1029.
Durham cow, short-horn, .733.
Dysentery in cattle, 785.

In sheep, 895.

In dogs, 1054.
Dyspepsia, 782.

Ear-louse, dog, 1063.
Echinococcus, 1061.
Echinorrynchus Polymorphus, 1029.
EcthymaJ 905, 906.
Ectozoa, 808.

1124

GENERAL INDEX: PART SECOND.

Eczema, in cattle, 804.

In sheep, 900.
Egg-bound, 1024.
Eggs, physiology of, 1008.

Incubation, 1009.

Packing and preserving, 1001.

Testing, 1011.
Eggs of bees, 1070.

Queen's egg under microscope. 1071.
Egg-protectors, 1010.

Egg-testers, 1011.
Egyptian goose, 998.
Emphysema, 766.
Emprosthotonos, 803.
Enteric fever, 729.
Enteritis, 787.
Entozoa, 812.
Epilepsy, in cattle, 801.

In swine, 966.
Epizootic aphtha, 737.

Epizootic catarrh in swine, 954.
Escutcheon, milk, 646.
Esquimau dog, 1043.
Essex boar, 950.

Pig, 951.

Examination, of pulse in ox, 724.
Exmoor sheep, 877, 879.
Extravasation, bloody, in papillse of skin, 729.

Fairlamb can, 694.
Fardel-bound, 780.
Feather-eating, 1024.
Feeding, artificial, 656.
Feeling the pulse, 932.
Fetus of cow, 817, 818, 819.
Fezzan sheep, 879. 880.
Filaria imitis, 1062.

Strongylus, 915.
Flanders bull, 669.

Cow, 677.

Flat-headed apple-tree borer, 1097.
Flea-beetle, 1104.

Flies, 808, 810, 811, 910, 911, 925, 926.
Flooding, 825.
Fluke, 913.
Fluke disease, 913.
Fodder or hay louse, 923.
Food, conditions of giving to cattle, 652.

Regulation of, 657.
Foods of various kinds, table of, 656.

Nutritive foods for sheep, table of, 889.
Foot and mouth disease in cattle, 737.

In sheep, 904.

Foot-rot, or foot-halt, d02.
Foot -louse, 926.
Foul in cattle, 805.

In sheep, 902.
Fowls, breeds of, 983,
Fragility of bones, 783.
French boar, 960, 963.

Sow. 962, 965.
French ox-harness, 853.
Frizzled fowls, 991.
Frost-bite, 1025.
Fruit culture, 1087.

Gad-fly, 808, 810, 811, 910, 911,
Gags, wooden, 773.

Iron, 774.

Gamasus of fodder, 812.
Gang cheese-press, 711.
Gangrenous angina, 939.
Gapes, 1025.
Garget, 930.
Geese, 998.
Giant strongle, 1059.
Gid, 916.
Giddiness, 1025.
Glos anthrax in cattle, 734.

In swine, 938.
Glossina morsitans, 925,
Glossitis, 769.
Goitre, 1056.
Gonorrhea in cattle, 839.

In sheep, 897.
Goat, Cashmere, 869, 874.
Gout, 1025.
Grafting, 1093.
Grape-vine bark-louse, 1103.

Flea-beetle, 1104.
Grass, best food for cow, 657.

When to cut, 668.
Greyhound, 1046.

Persian, 1046.
Gullet, obstruction of, 778.

Sacular dilatation of, 780.
Gut-tie, 791.

Hsematopinus vituli, 812.

Eurysternus, 812.
Hsematuria, 746.
Hsemorrhagica, pupura, 742.
Hair-worms, 921.
Hampshire-downs sheep, 875, 877.
Hay-loader, 671, 672.

At work, 673.
Hay-making, 668.
Hay-maker, 670, 671.
Heart infested with measles, 814.
Hereford cattle, 650.
Hernia, abdominal, 789.

Umbilical, 789.

Of uterus, 838.
Herpes, 804, 805.
Highland sheep, 869, 874.
Hippoboscus ovis, 924.
Holland bull, 717.

Cow, 727.

Hollow-horn, or horn-ail, 742.
Holstein vertical churn, 697.
Honey extractor, 1079.
Honey, liquid and comb, 1078.

Storing and marketing, 1083.

To prevent candying, 1084.
Hooking, device to prevent, 852.
Hoose, 812.
Hoove, 895.
Horn-ail, 742.
Horse-rake, 671, 672.
Houdan fowls, 986.
House-fly, 912.

GENERAL INDEX: PART SECOND.

1125

Hoven in cattle, 770.

In sheep, 895.

Human remedies, Appendix, 1115.
Human body-louse, 923.

Head-louse, 924.
Hunting-dog, 1034.
Husk, 812.
Hyena, brown, 1032.
Hybrid bees, how to tell from pure Italians,

1076.
Hydatids, 916, 917, 918. .

In brain of sheep, 917.
Hydrophobia in sheep, 908.

In dogs, 1057.
Hypoderm, 1063.
Hysterocele, 837, 838.

Ibex, 864. ;

Ictero-verminous cachexia, 902.
Impacted rumen, 774.
Impaction of omasum, 780.
Imported currant- worm, 1105.
Incubation, natural process of, 1009.

Artificial, 1012.
Incubators, the Graves, 1013.

The Halsted, 1014.

The Boyle, 1015.

The Toinlinson, 1016.

The thermostatic, 1017.

Hearson's regulator, 1018.
Indigestion in lambs, 896.

In fowls, 1026.
Inflammation of the bladder in cattle, 799.

In sheep, 897.

Of the bowels, 1055.

Of the brain, 801.

Of the kidneys, 798.

Of the lungs,' 967.

Of the mouth, 769.

Of the tongue, 769.

Of the udder, 839.

Of the uterus, 828.
Influenza, 901.
Interdigital canal, 903.
Intestines, tape- worm in, 919.
Inversion of the bladder, 800.

Of the uterus, 825.
Insects, organs of respiration of, 921.

Injurious to fruit, 1096.
Insolation, 901.
Intestines of ox, 770.
Irritation of vagina, 929.
Itch, 972.

Jersey short-horn cow, 651.

Kidneys of ox, 792.
Koumiss, 719.

IJamb-creep, 885.
Lambing, 927.

Lambs, extra feeding of, 885.
Management of, 884.

Laryngitis, 756.
Layering, 1093.

By elevation, 1093.
Leicester sheep, 865, 872.
Lesser pettichaps, 1107.
Left side of cow laid open, 775.
Leg-weakness, 1026.
Leucorrhea, 835.
Lice in cattle, 810.

In sheep, 923, 924, 925, 926.

In poultry, 1026.
Light Brahma fowls, 990.
Lincolnshire sheep, 875, 876.
Linguatula serrata, 1062.
Lithiasis, 799.
Liver fluke, 913.
Liver rot in sheep, 913.
Liver disease in poultry, 1027.
Lobule of milk-gland, 679.

Of mammary gland in woman, 680.
Lock-jaw in cattle, 802.

In sheep, 899.

Long-horn cattle, 650, 657, 658.
Longford cheese-factory, 714.
Loo, or low, 902.

Lower jaw of cow in rinderpest, 728.
Lucilia homnivorax, 925.
Lungs, abscess of in cattle, 763.

In swine, 968.
Lymphatic gland, 772.

Maggots, 912.

Milignant gangrenous angina, 939.

Pustule, 732.

Sore throat in cattle, 734.

In swine, 946.

Epizootic catarrh, 954.
Mammary gland of woman, 680

Lobules of, 680.
Mammitis, 839.

Dr. C. A. Meyer, on Appendix, 1114.
Man-eating fly, 925.
Mange in cattle, 810.

In sheep, 921.

In swine, 972.

In dogs, 1064.
Maw-bond, 774.

McBeth. Dr. B. C., on inversion of uterus, 826.
Measles in cattle, 813.

In swine, 974.
Measly beef, 813.
Meat-fly, 912.

Medicine, how to administer, 723.
Merino sheep, 871, 872, 874.
Metritis, 828.
Metro-peritonitis, 829.
Meyer,Dr.C.A.,on mammitis, Appendix,1114.

On inversion of uterus, 825.

On caponizing fowls, 1029.
Milk, composition of, 680.

Pure conditions of, 682.

Danger of imparting disease, 683.

Cooling and setting, 689-692.

Delivery, 716.

Milk secretion, 676.

1126

GENERAL INDEX: PART SECOND.

Milk-aerator, 693.

Cans, 694.

Strainers, 690.

Tanks, 690.

Vats, 706.

Milk-escutcheon of cow, 646, 647, 648.
Milk-fever, 832.
Milk-gland, network of, 678.

Lobule of, 679.
Milking, 659.

Hints in regard to, 662.

Season of, 664.

Milking machines, 662.
Milking-pails, 661.
Milk-shelves, revolving, 689.
Mirror-escutcheon, 646.
Moufflon sheep, 878, 880.
Mouth, injuries of, 768.

Inflammation of, 769.
Mowing machines, 670.
Mully cattle, 651.
Murrain, 906.

Waevus, section of, 750.

Nephritis, 798.

Nervous debility in parturition, 802.

Newfoundland dog, 1035.

Nile goose, 996.

Norfolk sheep, 874, 875.

Nose-piece to prevent sucking, 666.

Nose-clamps, 850.

Nose-punch, 851.

Nose-ring, 850.

Obstruction of gullet, 778.
Oestrus bo vis, 810.
Omasum, impaction of, 780.
Ophisthotonos, 803.
Ophthalmia, 806.
Oscillating churn, 699.
Ostea sarcoma, 748.
Ox, kidneys of, 792.

Urinary apparatus of, 792.

Urethral canal of, 793.
Ox-louse, 812.
Ox's head, 722.
Ox prepared for casting, 790.

For bleeding, 833.
Ox harness, French, 853.

Travis, 850.
Ox measle, 814.
Oxyuris vermicularis, 1060.
Oyster-shell bark-louse, 1098.

Pan for setting milk, 689.

Paralysis of hind quarters, 980.

Paraphlegia, parturient. 900.

Parasites, discoveries in, by microscope, 909.

Their ravages, 1057.
Parasitic diseases of cattle, 808.

Of sheep, 909.

Ol swine, 970.

Ot poultry, 1025.

Of dogs, 1057.

Parturient apoplexy, 831, 832.

Paraplegia, 900.

Parturition, nervous debility in, 902.
Pasturage, 882.
Pair-tree twig-girdler, 1102.
Peccary, 965.
Pekin bantams, 995.
Pendulum churn, 699.
Peregourd hog. 967.
Pentastomum denticulatum, 1062.

Tenoides, 1062.
Peritonitis, 788.
Pet dogs, 1052.
Pfriemenschwantze, 1060.
Phrenitis, 801.
Phthisis, 748.
Pigmy Piculet, 1110.
Piles, 969.
Pining, 899.
Pip, 1027.
Planarian, 914.

Playfair's, Dr. Lyon, analysis of milk, 654.
Plea for the birds, 1107.
Plethora, 741.
Pleurisy, 763.
Pleuritis, 894.
Pleuro-enteritis, 945.

Erysipelatous form, 946.
Pleuro-pneumonia, 726.
Pleurosthotonos, 803.
Plexus of lymphatics, section of, 771.
Plum-curculio, 1103.
Plymouth Rock fowls, 989.
Pneumonia in cattle, 761.

In sheep, 894.

In swine, 967.
Poland-China pig, 959.
Polish fowls, 990.
Polled cattle, 651.

Model polled bull, 659.
Portable poultry-houses, 1003.
Potato-cleaner, 980.
Poultry, breeds of, 983.

Feeding and marketing, 999.

Architecture, 1003.

Diseases of, 1020.
Probang and gag, 773.

Holding cow for passage of, 77(9.
Protrusion of bladder, 800.
Pruning fruit, 1088.
Psoriasis, in cattle, 804.

In sheep, 901.
Puerperal fever, 829.

Paraplegia, 900.
Pulse, feeling the, 932.
Purples, 945

Purpura hsemorrhagica, 742.
Pyaemia, 747.
Pyramidal strainer, 694.

ISabies in sheep, 908.

In dogs, 1057.

Rectangular churn, Whipple's, 700.
Red mange, 1064.

GENERAL INDEX: PART SECOND.

1127

Ked water in cattle, 746.

In sheep, 901.
Kemedies, human, 1115.
Renault's trass, 829.
Kennet, 681.

Retained after-birth, 824.
Retention of urine in cattle, 793.

In sheep, 897.

Revolving milk shelves, 689.
Revolving barrel churn, 698.
Rheumatism in cattle, 743.

In sheep, 930.

In poultry, 1027.
Rickets, 783.
Rinderpest, 729.
Ring-worm, 810, 813.
Romney marsh sheep, 865, 872.
Rose-beetle, 1104.
Rose-colored pastor, 1111.
Rot, 913.
Rot dropsy, 902.

Round-headed apple-tree borer, 1097.
Round-worms, 1059.
Roup, 1027.

Rueff s method of throwing the ox, 849.
Rumen, distention of, 895.

Impacted, 774.
Rumenotomy, 776.

Rumen exposed in, 777.
Rumpless bantams, 991.

Sacular dilatation of gullet, 780.
Salting butter, 703.
Scab in sheep, 921, 922.

In swine, 972.
Scalpel, 758.

Sclerostoma syngamus, 1025.
Scolex of tape-worm, 919, 1061.
Scours in calves, 784.

In swine, 963.

Schwartz system of milk cooling, 691.

Swedish system, 690.
Sediment in urinary canal, 807.
Sebright fowls, 997.
Septicaemia, 747.
Setter, 1051.

Irish, 1052.

Sharpening mower-knife, 671.
Shearing sheep, 887.
Sheep, breeds of, 863.

Care and management of, 881.

Care and feeding in winter, 888.

Profits of an investment in, 890.

Selection of breeders, 886.

Skeleton of, 891.

Washing and shearing, 887.
Sheep-bug, 925.
Shepherd dog, 1041.
Short-horn cattle, 648, 655.
Short-tailed ant-thrush, 1112
Silky fowls, 990.

Skeleton of cow, 721.

Of sheep, 891.

Of hog, 954.

Of fowl, 1021.

Of dog, 1053.
Skin-louse, 1064.
Skull of ram, 892.
Small-pox, 905.
Snuffles, 961.
So-called cholera, 944.
Softening of the bones, 783.
Solary erythema, 901.
Sore teats, 838.
Sore throat in cattle, 756.

Malignant, 734.
Southdown sheep, 867, 872.
Splenic apoplexy, 736.
Sprains, 932.
Staggers, 966.
Stall for two cows, 675.
St. Bernard dog, 1038.
Steinbock, 864.
Sthenic h?ematuria, 797.
Stifle joint, injury of, 855.
Stomach of ruminants, 769, 770.

Arteries of, 771.
Stomach-pump, 831.
Stone in bladder, 897.
Strangulation of intestines, 791.
Streamlet churn, 699.
Strobile, 919.
Strongle, giant, 1059.
Strongylus or strongula, 979.
Sturdy, 916.

Sucking, methods to prevent, 667.
Suffolk sow, 955.
Sulphuric acid gas, apparatus for liberating,

861.

Sussex cattle, 650.
Suture needles, 857, 859.
Sutures, 857.
Swarming of bees, 1072.

Prevention of, 1075.
Swelled legs in fowls, 1025.
Swiss bull, 663.
Cow, 665.

Syrian sheep, 868, 874.
Syringe, glass, 750.
Hypodermic, 759.
For wounds, 858.

Ta>nia, 974.

Plicata, 919.

Solium, 974.

Echinococcus, 1061.
Tamworth pig, 956.
Tank for setting milk, 690.
Tape-worm in cattle, 814.

In sheep, 919.

In swine, 974.

In dogs, 1061.

Teat siphons, various forms of, 739.
Teats, sore, 662.
Tedding machine, 670.

1128

GENERAL INDEX: PART SECOND.

Teeth of cattle, 844.

Of sheep, 892.

Of swine, 955.
Terriers, 1051.
Tetanus in cattle, 802.

In sheep, 899.
Thread-strongle, 915.
Throwing ox, methods of, 849.
Ticks in sheep, 886.
Tongue, inflammation of, 769.

Paralysis of, 769.
Tonics, 1028.

Traumatic, albuminuria, 795.
Trichina spiralis, 977.
Trichinosis, 976.
Trichocephalus dispar, 1060.
Trichodectes of ox, 812.
Trocar, 774.
Truss for hernia, 789.

Delwart's, 827.

Kenault's, 829.
Tsetse fly, 926.
Tubercular consumption, 748.
Tuberculosis, 748.

Tumor on parotid glands, and on upper and
lower jaw, 749, 750.

Tumor cured by quack, 749.
Turkeys, 998.

Turnips, pulped, as food, 657.
Turnsick, 916.
Twig-girdler, 1102.
Tympanites, 770.

Udder of cow, 678.

Of rabbit, 681.

Bandaging, 740.

Described, 676.

Inflammation of, 939.

Lobule and milk ducts of, 678.
Udders of good milkers, 682.
Ulcers, cancerous, 748.
Umbilical hernia, 789.
Unnatural presentations, 820, 821.

Halters for operation in, 822.
Uraemia, 745.

Urinary apparatus of ox, 792.
Urine, retention of, 793.

Incontinence of, 795.

Operation forremovingurine from ox, 746.
Uterus of cow, 824.

Van Beneden on the tape-worm, 919.
Variola vaccinse, 739.
Ventilation, 859.
Vertical churn, 697, 698.
Vesicles of mammary lobules, 681.
Victoria churn, 698.

Wallaehian sheep, 871, 874.

Wallikiki fowls, 994.

"VVarragal, 1033.

Washing sheep, 887.

Water braxy, 901.

Weighing can, 695.

WTeldon's cream-raising apparatus, 695.

Welsh sheep, 877, 879.

Whipple's rectangular churn, 700.

White comb, in fowls, 1028.

Wliites, 835.

Wrhite scours, 896.

Wild boar of Africa, 934.

Of India, 935.

Of Europe, 937.

Of Malacco, 939.
Willow warblers, 1107.
Wool, comparison of fibers, 874.
Woolly louse of the apple, 1097.
Wounds, incised, 857.

Lacerated, 858.

Punctured, 859.

Contused, 859.

In swine, 980.
Wren, yellow, 1107.

Golden-crested, 1108.

Fire-crested, 1108.

Yellow wren, 1107.
Yokohama fowls, 989.
Yorkshire hog, 945, 946, 947.

APPENDIX

PAGE.

The Farm 1129-1137

Grasses, Haymaking, etc 1138-1169

Water and Germs . . . . 1170-1181

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