BuUetin 423

September 1955

THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry

Inspection of
Commercial Fertilizers

Made for the
STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

H. A. DAVIS and V. F. STAAB

THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
DURHAM, N. H.

INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS

Made for the
State Department of Agriculture

The inspection of commercial fertilizers reported in this bulletin was made
under the direction of the Honorable Peiley I. Fitts, Commissioner of Agriculture.
Mr. George H. Laramie, Fertilizer Control Supei'visor, and Mr. Harold W. Ayer,
Assistant Control Supei'visor, collected 125 samples of mixed fertilizer and
fertilizer materials which were offered for sale by dealers or had been delivered
to consumers during- the year ending June, 1955. The general character of the
brands sampled is shown by the following classification :

THE FERTILIZER LAW

Complete fertilizer 77

Phosphoric acid and potash 11

Nitrogen and Phosphoric acid 2

Superphosphate 8

Nitrate of Soda 1

Ammonium nitrate 2

Ammonium sulphate 1

Muriate of Potash 1

Ground bone 5

Natural manures 8

Tankage 2

Urea 1

Liquid-complete 3

Liquid-dilute 3

The New Hampshire Fertilizer Law has been rewritten so as to conform as
nearly as possible, and still fit New Hampshire conditions, with the Model
Fertilizer Law approved by the Association of American Fertilizer Control
Officials. It was passed by the 1955 Session of the Legislature and becomes effec-
tive on January 1, 1956. Since this bulletin covers the inspection year 1954-55,
the old law applies to all work reported here. All questions concerning the regis-
tration of brands and matters relating to the provisions of the law should be
addressed directly to the Fertilizer Control Supervisor, State House, Concord,
New Hampshire. All manufacturers and dealers selling fertilizers in New Hamp-
shire should obtain a copy of the law and any proposed regulations from the
above office for their guidance.

Under the new law registrations will expire on January 1 of each year. The
registration fee has been increased to $10.00 for each element but not to exceed
$25.00 for each brand. Penalty clauses are provided for deficiencies greater than
specified tolerance, the detail of which is specified in the law. Provision is also
made for "stop sale" orders, seizure, and the prescribing of Rules and Regula-
tions by the Commissioner.

The exact provisions of the new law concerning the registration, guarantee
and labeling of Commercial Fertilizers in New Hampshire are quoted as follows:

"Registration, (a) Each brand and grade of commercial fertilizer shall be
registered before being ofi'ered for sale, sold or distributed in this state. The
application for registration shall be submitted to the commissioner on forms
furnished by the commissioner, and shall be accompanied by a fee, per brand, as
follows: ten dollars for the phosphoric acid, ten dollars for the nitrogen, ten
dollars for the potash, and ten dollars for the magnesium oxide, or other plant
food elements, compounds or classes of compounds; contained or claimed to be
in the said brand of fertilizer; but the fee for any brand shall not exceed twenty-
five dollars. All registrations expire on or before January 1, annually. The
application shall include the following information in the following order: (1)
The name and address of the person guaranteeing the fertilizer. (2) The brand
and grade. (3) The guaranteed analysis showing the minimum percentage of
plant food claimed in the following order and form: Total nitrogen. . . .per cent;
available phosphoric acid. . . .per cent; soluble potash. . . .per cent. Unacidulated
mineral prosphatic materials and basic slag shall be guaranteed as to both total

and available phosphoric acid, and the degree of fineness. In the case of bone,
tankage, and other natural organic phosphate materials, only the total phos-
phoric acid, need be guaranteed. Additional plant food elements, determinable
by chemical methods, may be guaranteed only by permission of the commissioner
by and with the advice of the director of the agricultural experiment station.
When any such additional plant foods are claimed, they shall be included in the
guarantee, and shall be subject to inspection and analysis in accordance with the
methods and regulations that may be prescribed by commissioner.

(b) A distributor shall not be required to register any brand of commer-
cial fertilizer which is already registered hereunder by another person.

(c) The plant food content of each and every brand of commercial fer-
tilizer must remain uniform for the period of registration.

Labeling. (a) Any commercial fertilizer offered for sale or sold or dis-
tributed in this state in bags, barrels, or other containers shall have placed on
or affixed to the container in written or printed form the net weight and the
information required. (1), (2), and (3) of paragraph (a) of section 4 either
(1) on tags affixed to the end of the package between the ears and/or on the
sewed end or (2) directly on the package, (b) If distributed in bulk, a written
or printed statement of the weight and the information required by (1), (2) and
(3) of paragraph (a) of section 4, shall accompany delivery and be supplied to
the pui'chaser."

The chief purpose of the official inspection required by the fertilizer law is
to protect the consumer against misbranded products that doubtless would soon
appear on the market if the sale of fertilizer was not under state regulation. The
purchaser of fertilizer should be acquainted with the fertilizer law and familiar
with the information given on labels as required by law. If he accepts fertilizer
not tagged in compliance with the law, he does so at his own risk.

A commercial fertilizer generally supplies one or more of three elements,
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to the soil. These are expressed in terms of
nitrogen, phosphorous pentoxlde and potash, and the symbols used are N, P2O5 and
K2O respectively. The term phosphoric acid that has been used for years when
speaking of the phosphorus content of a fertilizer is being slowly discarded
because it does not name the compound actually meant in the fertilizer. In fact
the use of the element designation N, P, and K is appearing more and more in
everyday talk but expression of these fertilizer constituents in terms of the
element is common only in the case of nitrogen, N. It is anticipated that it will
not be many years before phosphorus, P, and potassium, K, will also be expressed
in terms of the element. Research workers in agricultural experiment stations
and industrial research groups are constantly studying the needs of the soil to
improve crop yields. Under specific conditions elements such as magnesium, boron
and other so-called minor elements are needed to correct soil deficiencies in cer-
tain localities. These may be included in the mixed fertilizer.

Much advertising of fertilizer materials packed in small packages is directed
to the attention of the small home gardener and growers of house plants. It is
realized that the owner of a few house plants does not want to buy a large bag of
fertilizer for his or her needs and such small packaged material serves a definite
need. However, certain advertising claims have been open to question and perhaps
"miracle" results may not always be obtained. In general it is more economical
for the gardener to purchase fertilizer of a reliable brand and in reasonably large
packages.

During the past year considerable interest was aroused in the use of liquid
fertilizers and their application by tank truck operators. This interest was directed
especially to the care of lawns. The problems ai"e many and cannot be adequately
discussed here. The costs may be quite high and the first great interest appears
to have subsided. There is a definite place for liquid fertilizers, since they are
quickly available due to the fact they are already in solution. It is felt that each
case should be considered and its needs carefully studied for the successful use
of these new materials.

All control officials charged with the enforcement of state laws regulating
the sale of commercial fertilizers and fertilizer materials are joined in the Asso-
ciation of American Fertilizer Control Officials. Research workers employed by
State or Federal Agencies engaged in the investigation of fertilizers are also
members of this Association. The object of this organization is to "promote

uniform and effective legislation, definitions, rulings, and enforcement of laws
relating to the control of sale and distribution of mixed fertilizers and fertilizer
materials in the Continent of North America. At the annual meetings of the Asso-
ciation reports and recommendations of investigators concerning definitions of
fertilizer materials, use of new products, and problems concerning regulation of
the fertilizer trade are discussed in detail. Fertilizer manufacturers are invited
to participate in these discussions and through mutual co-operation the farmer is
supplied with a product that can be relied upon to do the job expected in crop
production. The official publication of the Association may be obtained for a
small fee through the office of its secretary, B. D. Cloaninger, Clemson, South
Carolina. This booklet contains the official terms describing fertilizer materials,
a proposed model state fertilizer law as well as the proceedings of the annual
meeting.

Whether or not a fertilizer contains the guaranteed amount of plant food
can be determined only by a chemical analysis. For this reason it is considered
necessary that each brand of fertilizer offered for sale be officially sampled and
analyzed each year. When failure to meet the guarantee is proved by chemical
analysis, the prosecution or seizure provisions of the law may be invoked. The
purchaser's refusal to buy a fertilizer which does not conform to the law will not
only assist in the enforcement of the law but will at the same time insure him the
protection of the law.

USE OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS

It is not within the scope of this department to make recommendations re-
garding the use of commercial fertilizers. The Department of Agronomy and
the Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistiy of the University of
New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station test soils and conduct experi-
mental work with various fertilizer materals on hay and crop land. The Depart-
ment of Horticulture investigates fertilizer treatments for fruits and vegetables.
Much of this work has been published, and is available for free distribution to
residents of New Hampshire. Address your request to Mail Service, University
of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire. A list of currently available publi-
cations on fertilization follows:

Fertilizer Needs of Alfalfa on New Hampshire Soils.

Effect of Soil Moisture and Fertilizer Placement on Vitality

of the Potato Seed Piece.
Fertility Needs of Dairy Farm Crops in the Connecticut Valley.
Fertilizers for Sweet Com.
The Response of Clover and Total Forage to Top-Dressing

Fertilizers.
Growing Strawberries in New Hampshire.
Forage Crop Production in New Hampshire.
Care of the Established Lawn.
Experiment with Potatoes.
Culture of Low-Bush Blueberries.
Growing Grapes in New Hampshire.
Cane Fruit Culture.
Tomatoes for New Hampshire.
Growing Apples in New Hampshire.
Growing Vegetables At Home.
Asparagus in New Hampshire.
Hotbeds and Coldframes.
Growing Potatoes in New Hampshire.
New Hampshire Recommendations for Seed, Fertilizer and

Lime.

While the word fertilizer does not appear in all of the above titles, none is
included which does not discuss the use of fertilizer.

Sta.

Cir.

58

Sta.

Cir.

59

Sta.

Cir.

61

Sta.

Cir.

63

Sta.

Cir.

74

Ext.

Bull.

125

Ext.

Bull.

129

Ext.

Bull.

130

Ext.

Bull.

324

Ext.

Cir.

275

Ext.

Cir.

309

Ext.

Cir.

310

Ext.

Cir.

314

Ext.

Bull.

100

Ext.

Bull.

104

Ext.

Bull.

105

Ext.

Bull.

116

Ext.

Bull.

118

Fold(

2r

CONFORMITY TO GUARANTEE

The chemical analyses reported in this bulletin were made by the methods

adopted by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. The following list
shows the number of deficiencies found.

Number of samples analyzed 125

Equalling or exceeding all guarantees 66

Deficient in nitrogen only 23

Deficient in available phosphoric acid only 18

Deficient in potash only 6

Deficient in nitrogen and phosphoric acid 5

Deficient in nitrogen and potash 3

Deficient in phosphoric acid and potash 2

Deficient in nitrogen, phosphoric acid or potash 2

Twenty-one brands were guaranteed to contain magnesium oxide. All
equalled or exceeded the guarantee.

Fertilizers are largely mixtures of chemicals. Segregation of these materials
in the bag is difficult to prevent. Modern methods of fei'tilizer manufacture are
doing much to process the fertilizer in such a way that segregation will be
avoided. The solution of this problem is difficult. To obtain a truly representative
sample of a fertilizer mixture requires careful work. The chemist can accurately
determine the nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash content of the sample sent
to the laboratoiy. If this sample does not correctly represent the larger lot, the
analytical work is of no use. The obligation of the fertilizer control program is
to see that the manufacturer is supplying the guaranteed amount of plant food
to the consumer. For this reason the sample must be drawn and analyzed very
carefully so that injustice will not be done to either the consumer or manu-
facturer.

In the tabulation of the analyses in the following pages, deficiencies of one-
half of one per cent or more are shown in red type. The names of the manufac-
turers are arranged alphabetically. The brand names are listed alphabetically, or
numerically by formula, under the manufacturer.

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