Igricathirg^ Xdbsral Htf & Mjjgtitnoloo;g Bulletin 432 September 1956 THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS Made for the STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE H. A. DAVIS and V. F. STAAB THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE DURHAM, N. H. INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS Made for the STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE This bulletin reports the analysis of 174 official samples of commercial fertilizers and fertilizer materials submitted for analysis during the year ending June 30, 1956. The inspection of commercial fertilizers was made under the direction of the Hon- orable Perley I. Fitts, Commissioner of Agriculture. The samples were collected by Mr. George H. Laramie, Fertilizer Control Supervisor. All questions relating to the New Hampshire Fertilizer Law and the registration of fertilizers or fertilizer materials prior to sale in the State, should be directed to the attention of the Fertilizer Control Supervisor, State House, Concord, New Hampshire. This laboratory is responsible for the analysis only of official samples as submitted. The general character of the fertilizer and fertilizer materials sampled is shown by the following classification: Complete fertilizer 108 (Of these, 29 also carried a total Magnesium Oxide guar- antee and 13 specified water-soluble Magnesium Oxide.) Phosphoric acid and potash 18 (Of these, 9 carried a boron guarantee in addition.) Nitrogen and phosphoric acid 2 Superphosphate 17 Ammonium Nitrate 5 Nitrate of soda 1 Cyanamid 1 Milorganite 2 Potash 1 Urea 1 Ground Bone 4 Manure 10 Tankage 1 Liquid fertilizers (concentrate) 1 Liquid fertilizer (dilute) 1 Ammonia solution 1 THE FERTILIZER LAW The New Hampshire Commercial Fertilizer Law, Chapter 228, was rewritten, brought up to date, and enacted by the 1955 session of the Legislature. It was effective as of January 1, 1956. Anyone interested in the use, sale, or distribution of fertilizers in the State should write to the State Department of Agriculture, State House, Concord, New Hampshire and obain a copy of a booklet published by that Department titled "New Hampshire Fertilizer Law and Rules and Regulations." The requirements of the law concerning the registration, guarantee and labeling of Commercial Fertilizers in New Hampshire are quoted as follows: "Sec. 4: Registration, (a) Each brand and grade of commercial fertilizer shall be registered before being offered for sale, sold or distributed in this state. The application for registration shall be submitted to the commissioner on forms furnished by the com- missioner, and shall be accompanied by a fee, per brand, as follows: ten dollars for the phosphoric acid, ten dollars for the nitrogen, ten dollars for the potash, and ten dollars for the magnesium oxide, or other plant food elements, compounds or classes of compounds; contained or claimed to be in the said brand of fertilizer; but the fee for any brand shall not exceed twenty-five dollars. All registrations expire on or before January 1, annually. The application shall include the following information in the following order: (1) The name and address of the person guaranteeing the fertilizer. (2) The brand and grade. (3) The guaranteed analysis showing the minimum percentage of plant food claimed in the following order and form: Total nitrogen per cent; available phosphoric acid per cent; soluble potash per cent; Unacidulated min- eral phosphatic materials and basic slag shall be guaranteed as to both total and avail- able phosphoric acid, and the degree of fineness. In the case of bone, tankage, and other natural organic phosphate materials, only the total phosphoric acid need be Available Total Nitrogen Phosphoric Acid Guarantee Deficiency Guarantee Deficiency 2% 0.20 0-10% inc. 0.40 3% 0.25 10-25% inc. 0.50 4% 0.35 Over 25% 0.75 5-8% inc. 0.40 8-30% inc. 0.50 Over 30<7 ' 0.75 guaranteed. Additional plant food elements, determinable by chemical methods, may be guaranteed only by permission of the commissioner by and with the advice of the director of the agricultural experiment station. When any such additional plant foods are claimed, they shall be included in the guarantee, and shall be subject to inspection and analysis in accordance with the methods and regulations that may be prescribed by the commissioner. (b) A distributor shall not be required to register any brand of commercial fer- tilizer which is already registered hereunder by another person. (c) The plant food content of each and every brand of commercial fertilizer must remain uniform for the period of registration. Sec. 5: Labeling, (a) Any commercial fertilizer offered for sale or sold or distributed in this state in bags, barrels, or other containers shall have placed on or affixed to the container in written or printed form the net weight and the information required. (1), (2) and (3) of paragraph (a) of section 4 either (1) on tags affixed to the end of the package between the ears and/or on the sewed end or (2) directly on the package. (b) If distributed in bulk, a written or printed statement of the weight and the informa- tion required by (1), (2) and (3) of paragraph (a) of section 4 shall accompany delivery and be supplied to the purchaser." The Law provides for the levying of a penalty amounting to three times the com- mercial value of the constituent found deficient when deficiencies exceeding allowed tolerances are found. The following table of tolerances as adopted by the State Depart- ment of Agriculture is quoted from the Rules and Regulations of that Department. Soluble Potash Guarantee Deficiency 2% 0.20 3% 0.30 4% 0.40 4-8% inc. 0.50 8-20% inc. 0.60 Over 20% 1.00 The chief purpose of the official inspection of fertilizers is to protect the consumer against misbranded products that probably would soon appear on the market if the sale of fertilizer was not under State regulation. If the consumer accepts fertilizer not labeled in compliance with the law, he does so at his own risk. He should acquaint himself with the requirements of the law concerning labeling and be familiar with the terms and symbols used on the label. A commercial fertilizer generally supplies one or more of three elements; nitrogren, phosphorus and potassium; which are commonly required in relatively large amounts for plant growth. The percentage of each of these three materials is usually represented by numerals in designating the grade of a fertilizer. These percentages are presently expressed in terms of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potash, and the symbols used are N, P00. and KO respectively. The term phosphoric acid is commonly used when referring to the phosphorus content. This terminology is confusing and the designation of the fertilizer content is being referred to more and more in terms of the element, N, P and K. A movement is underway to adopt as official and put into standard practice the expression of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash in terms of the elements. To be effective this must be done on a nationwide basis and at the same time. Under certain conditions, other elements such as magnesium, boron and other so- called minor elements are needed to correct soil deficiencies in certain localities. These may be included in the mixed fertilizer. Much advertising of fertilizer materials packed in small packages is directed to the attention of the home gardener and growers of house plants. This small package serves a definite need, however the "miracle" results claimed may not always be obtained. In general, it is more economical for the gardener to purchase fertilizer of a reliable brand and in reasonably large packages. During the past year, interest among tank truck operators in the application of liquid fertilizers has not been as apparent as in the previous year. Difficulty and the cost involved in solving a number of practical problems such as corrosion, proper timing of applications, and others, accounts for this decline of interest. Certain large operators are investigating the use of ammonia concentrates in liquid and gas form under New Hampshire conditions. All control officials charged with the enforcement of state laws regulating the sale of commercial fertilizers and fertilizer materials are joined in the Association of Ameri- can Fertilizer Control Officials. Research workers employed by State or Federal Agencies engaged in the investigation of fertilizers are also members of this Association. The object of this organization is to "promote uniform and effective legislation, definitions, rulings, and enforcement of laws relating to the control of sale and distribution of mixed fertilizers and fertilizer materials in the Continent of North America. At the annual meetings of the Association, reports and recommendations of investigators con- cerning definitions of fertilizer materials, use of new products, and problems concerning regulation of the fertilizer trade are discussed in detail. Fertilizer manufacturers are invited to participate in these discussions and through mutual co-operation, the fanner is supplied with a product that can be relied upon to do the job expected in crop pro- duction. The official publication of the Association may be obtained for a small fee through the office of its secretary, B. D. Cloaninger, Clemson, South Carolina. This booklet contains the official terms describing fertilizer materials, a proposed model state fertilizer law, as well as the proceedings of the annual meeting. Whether or not a fertilizer contains the guaranteed amount of plant food can be determined only by a chemical analysis. For this reason, it is considered necessary that each brand of fertilizer offered for sale be officially sampled and analyzed each year. When failure to meet the guarantee is proved by chemical analysis, the prosecution or seizure provisions of the law may be invoked. The purchaser's refusal to buy a fer- tilizer which does not conform to the law will not only assist in the enforcement of the law, but will at the same time insure him the protection of the law. USE OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS It is not within the scope of this department to make recommendations regarding the use of commercial fertilizers. The Department of Agronomy and the Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry of the University of New Hampshire Agricul- tural Experiment Station test soils and conduct experimental work with various fer- tilizer materials on hay and crop land. The Department of Horticulture investigates fertilizer treatments for fruits and vegetables. Much of this work has been published, and is available for free distribution to residents of New Hampshire. Address your request to Mail Service, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire. A list of currently available publications on fertilization follows: Sta. Cir. 74 The Response of Clover and Total Forage to Top-Dressing Fertilizers Ext. Bull. 125 Growing Strawberries in New Hampshire Ext. Bull. 129 Forage Crop Production in New Hampshire Ext. Bull. 130 Care of the Established Lawn Ext. Bull. 324 Experiment with Potatoes Ext. Cir. 275 Culture of Low-Bush Blueberries Ext. Cir. 309 Growing Grapes in New Hampshire Ext. Cir. 310 Cane Fruit Culture Ext. Cir. 314 Tomatoes for New Hampshire Ext. Bull. 100 Growing Apples in New Hampshire Ext. Bull. 104 Growing Vegetables at Home Ext. Bull. 105 Asparagus in New Hampshire Ext. Bull. 116 Hotbeds and Coldframes Ext. Bull. 118 Glowing Potatoes in New Hampshire Sta. Bull. 424 Soils and Their Crop Adaptations in New Hampshire Folder New Hampshire Recommendations for Seed, Fertilizer and Lime While the word "fertilizer" does not appear in all of the above titles, none is in- cluded which does not discuss the use of fertilizer. CONFORMITY TO GUARANTEE The chemical analyses reported in this bulletin were made by the methods adopted by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. The following list indicates the number of samples equalling or failing to meet guarantee: Number of samples analyzed 174 Equalling or exceeding all guarantees 106 Deficient in nitrogen only 34 Deficient in phosphoric acid only 10 Deficient in potash only 14 Deficient in nitrogen and phosphoric acid 2 Deficient in nitrogen and potash 3 Deficient in phosphoric acid and potash 2 Deficient in nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash 1 Forty-two samples were guaranteed to contain Magnesium oxide. Of these, thirteen indicated the guarantee as water-soluble magnesium oxide. In these thirteen cases, the total magnesium oxide was not determined. Slight deficiencies were found in three cases of water-soluble magnesium oxide. Boron was guaranteed in nine samples. Three exceeded the guarantee, five were very slightly below the guarantee, and one was deficient. Most of the deficiencies were not great enough to invoke the penalty clause of the law. There were far too many small deficiencies and the manufacturer should allow a slightly larger safety margin to insure meeting all guarantees. Fertilizers are largely mixtures of chemicals. Segregation of these materials in the bag is difficult to prevent. Modern methods of fertilizer manufacture are doing much to process the fertilizer in such a way that segregation will be avoided. The solution of this problem is difficult. To obtain a truly representative sample of a fertilizer mixture requires careful work. The chemist can accurately determine the nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash content of the sample sent to the laboratory. If this sample does not correctly represent the larger lot, the analytical work is of no use. The obligation of the fertilizer control program is to see that the manufacturer is supplying the guaranteed amount of plant food to the consumer. For this reason, the sample must be drawn and analyzed very carefully so that injustice will not be done to either the consumer or manufacturer. The penalty clause was invoked in six cases for nitrogen, seven cases for phosphoric acid and five cases for potash shortages. Bold type and underline in the analyses report table shows these values. In the following table, the names of the manufacturers are arranged alphabetically. The brand names are listed alphabetically and numerically by formula, under the name of the manufacturer. COMMERCIAL VALUE OF FERTILIZERS Section 10. of the New Hampshire Fertilizer Law of 1955, states "For the purpose of determining the commercial values to be applied under the provisions of Section 7., the Commissioner shall determine and publish annually, the values per pound of nitro- gen, phosphoric acid and potash in commercial fertilizers in this State. The values so determined and published shall be used in determining and assessing penalties." After consulting the fertilizer manufacturers selling the major tonnage of fertilizers in New Hampshire, the Commissioner established and the Agricultural Advisory Board approved on March 6, 1956, the following commercial values per pound of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash: $3.00 per Unit or 15c per pound of Nitrogen $2.00 per Unit or 10c per pound of Phosphoric Acid $1.20 per Unit or 6c per pound of Potash March 27, 1956 New Hampshire Department of Agriculture Concord, New Hampshire ^-^ pC 5 be punoj QJ ^ paajuBJEtiQ o punoj ^ us C/3 C« o paajUEJenQ CU (U punoj m -o O C>1 _ns Ph 'c3 > .'S <| paajuEJenQ 'G < !h O US punoj a, ii «5 w o US Ph o h paajuBJBTiQ z punoj r^ <3J bC O Sh 4-1 •-H z p39JUBJEnj3 H c H 1-4 CU S 3 O a, g o cu^-U P • C ^N flj Oh U © u cu "3 u S-c OtOooOooOOOiO^MO OIhO-hOOKOiOChN dioodddmdioiodd 50rHrt(Mrt- iH H H ,—, H oooooooooooo ooooooqoopoo © cm ~h ov cm r- cm cm CM Nt^i>aocn>c rt< ©©©©©©©© pppppppp C c CM CO r^ CM — ; ©_ © ■-< so © — < p — _ eo in ©©'©©'©'©'©' co cd © © od od od oo oS ©' © «> © ©©©©©©©©©©©oo©©©©©©©© ©pppppppp©©© ©pppppppp >ricbo'o'©'©©©©ioCMoot^x>-co^ir)i>.ooi>:i>-ir5'T5«T^coio ioco©©©'©o©cdcd©©'o6 od'od 06 © — ' © t^ © „1_H_CV,rt^1_1r_*-1iHrtiHr-* rt „_ n n © © C od 00 © © © 00 W © ■* cm 00 © t- © © © © 0 © © in 00 © I— 1 -H©©^f©l-0©© q-qqqcccqo irjiniriiriodr--CT>© ©©©o©o©© pppppppp iriirim'iriodoo©'© ©coco©— icoocc* © © cq 00 -h © — -cot-. :©©©©©©©©© ©pppppppp iomicinioinc^©*>» © © u u* u 000 o o u (J o o o o o u o o 0 = Si H-l cu o rt O — I s- S-° 0 cu rt O c o e s o2 s s Is 3 O O O '" s- c o o ^QJ^C/^c/jf^CU^^j o *" o u u= cu > ^- C :~ US US E E g 0 o "o 0 OOOOOrtO'Js-OL^'^OOo^^OCv-oOOO C3 US - " 3 3 i ° a g © © •rum© «<; ** © 00 © © ©©©00©©— * — < c^'V"r"r"7''^'T©© OOO©©©©"^ C^"7IT''7''V'T,"T'©© Oif)iommcccc--< - Si cu cu Si Si Sh CU QJ -^>-,>-.>-,>^>-.>^>-n >SKp NJ I^J NJ »^^ "^ '^^ *^ "^ "^ ^ r. r. 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