/i^.z/0 3 ulletin 4^ September 1959 THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Department of Biochemistry Inspection of izers Made for the STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE H. A. Davis and Dorothy F. Oresteen THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE DURHAM, N. H. Bulletin ^+63 September 1959 THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Depaxtment of Biochemistry INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS Made for the State Department of Agriculture H. A. Davis and Dorothy F. Oresteen THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE DURHAM, N. H. DISPECTIOK OF COMMERCIAL FEEfflLIZERS Made for the STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUITURE This bulletin reports the analysis of 169 official samples of commercial fertilizers and fertilizer materials submitted for analysis during the year ending June 30, 1959. The inspection of commercial fertilizers was made under the direction of the Honorable Perley I. Fitts, Commissioner of Agriculture. The samples were co]J.ected by Mr. George H. Laramie, Fertilizer Control Supervisor. All questions relating to the New Hampshire Fertilizer Lav; and the registration of fertilizers or fertiUzer materials prior to sale in the state, should be directed to the attention of the Fertilizer Control Supervisor, State Hoiise, Concord, New Hampshire. This laboratory is responsible for the analysis only of official samples as submitted. The general character of the fertilizer and fertilizer materials sampled is shown by the toU-O^ring classification. Complete fertilizer 110 (Of these, 31 also carried a total Magnesium Oxide guarantee and 19 specified water-soluble Magnesium Oxide and 3 carried a boron guarantee . ) Phosphoric acid and potash I7 (Of these, h carried a boron guarantee in addition) Nitrogen 2 Nitrogen and phosphoric acid 6 Superphosphate 8 Ammonium Nitrate 3 Urea 2 Ground Bone It Manure 12 Sodium Nitrate 2 Muriate of Potash 1 Agrinite 1 Cottonseed meal 1 THE FERTILIZER LAW The New Hampshire Fertilizer Law has been revised by legislative action. The revised law is effective January 1, I96O. All persons concerned with the manuf actiire , distribution or use of commercial fertilizers shovild note these changes . Four points of significant change are: 1. The registration fee is now ten ($10.00) dollars per element claimed. 2. Special mixes may be allowed by obtaining permission from the Commissioner of Agricul- ture. 3- Several words In the old lav: were changed so that now there is more consistent word usage and meaning in the law as vrritten. k. Registration "under protest" is proxrided for under specific conditions. A booklet titled "New Hampshire Fertilizer Law and Rules and Regulations" which spells out these matters in detail may be obtained by writing to the State Department of Agriculture, State House, Concord, Nev-/ Hampshire. Quotation from the lav/ concerning registration, guarantee and labeling of commercial fertilizers in New Hampshire follows : "Section 't39:'j- REGISTRATION, (a) Each brand and grade of commercial fertilizer shall be registered before being offered for sale, sold or distributed in this state, except mixed fertilizers or fertilizer materials used for research or experimental purposes so determined by the commissioner. The application for registration shall be submitted to the commissioner on forms furnished by the commissioner and shall be accompanied by a label or true copy of said label upon request of the commissioner, in addition to a registration fee, per grade, as follows: ten dollars for the nitrogen; ten dollars for the phosphoric acid; ten dollars for the potash; ten dollars for the magnesium oxide or magnesivmi; ten dollars for the boron or borax; and ten dollars for each other plant food elements claimed to be in the said brand or grade of fertilizer. All registrations expire on or before January 1, annually. The appli- cation shall include the fo3J.owing information in the follovrtng order: (l) The name and address of the person guaranteeing the fertilizer. (2) The brand and grade. (3) The guaran- teed analysis shovrLng the minimum percentage of plant food claimed in the follovring order and form: Total nitrogen. . .per cent; available phosphoric acid... per cent; soluble potash... per cent. Unacidulated mineral phosphatic materials and basic slag shall be guaranteed as to both total and available phosphoric acid, and the degree of fineness. In the case of bone, tanl;- age, and other natural organic phosphate materials, only the total phosphoric acid need be guaranteed. Additional plant food elements, determinable by chemical methods, may be guaran- teed only by permission of the commissioner by and with the advice of the director of the agricultural experiment station, \ihen any such additional plant foods are claimed, they shall be included in the guarantee, and shall be subject to inspection and analysis in ac- cordance vath the methods and regiilations that may be prescribed by the commissioner. (1959, 39:2) (b) A distributor shall not be required to register any brand of commercial fertilizer which is already registered hereunder by another person. (c) The plant food content of each and every brand of commercial fertilizer must re- main uniform for the period of registration." "Section ^39:5 LABELING, (a) Any commercial fertilizer offered for sale or sold or distributed in this state in bags, barrels, or other containers shall have placed on or af- fixed to the container in written or printed form the net weight and the information re- quired, (l), (2), ajid (3) of paragraph (a) of section h either (l) on tags affixed to the end of the package between the ears and/or on the sewed end or (2) directly on the package. (b) If distributed in bulk, a written or printed statement of the weight and the informa- tion required by (l), (2) and (3) of paragraph (a) of section h, shall accompany delivery and be supplied to the purchaser." Penalty provisions - The Law provides for the levying of a penalty amounting to three times the commercial value of the constituent found deficient when deficiencies exceeding allowed tolerances are foimd. The foUowing table of tolerances as adopted by the State Department of Agricultxire is quoted from the Rules and Regulations of that Department. Available Total Nitrogen Phosphoric Acid Guarantee Deficiency Guarantee Deficiency 0-10^ inc. O.itO 10-25^ inc. 0.50 Over 2% O.75 2$ 0.20 ■^ 0.25 H 0.35 5-9^ inc. 0.I4O 8-30^ inc. 0.50 Over 30^ 0.75 Soluble Potash Guarantee Deficiency 2$ 0.20 3^ 0.30 k$ 0.1)0 h-Qf> inc. 0.50 8-20^ inc. 0.60 Over 20^ 1.00 The chief purpose of the official inspection of fertilizers is to protect the consumer against misbranded products that probably would soon appear on the market if the sale of fertilizer was not under state regulation. If the consumer accepts fertilizer not labeled in compliance with the law, he does so at his own risk . He should acquaint himself with the requirements of the law concerning labeling and be familiar with the terms and symbols used on the label. A commercial fertilizer generally supplies one or more of three elements : nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; which are commonly required In relatively large amounts for plant growth. The percentage of each of these three materials is represented by numerals in desig- nating the grade of a fertilizer. These percentages are presently expressed in terms of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potash and the symbols used are N, PpOc and K^O respec- tively. The term phosphoric acid is commonly used when referring to the phosphorus content. Under certain conditions, other elements such as magnesium, boron and other so-called minor elements are needed to correct soil deficiencies in certain localities. These may be included in the mixed fertilizer. Much advertising of fertilizer materials packed in small packages is directed to the attention of the home gardener and growers of house plants. This small package serves a definite need, however the "miracle" results claimed may not always be obtained. In general, it is more economicaj. for the gardener to purchase fertilizer of a reliable brand and in reasonably large packages . All control officials charged with the enforcement of state laws regxilating the sale of commerciaJL fertilizers and fertilizer materials are joined In the Association of Ameri- can Fertilizer Control Officials. Research workers employed by State or Federal Agencies engaged in the investigation of fertilizers are also members of this Association. The ob- ject of this organization is "to promote uniform and effective legislation, definitions, rulings, and enforcement of laws relating to the control of sale and distribution of mixed fertilizers and fertilizer materials in the Continent of North America." At the annual meet- ings of the Association, reports and recommendations of investigators concerning definitions of fertilizer materials, use of new products, and problems concerning regulation of the fertilizer trade eure discussed in detail. Fertilizer manufacturers are Invited to partici- pate in these discussions; and through mutual cooperation, the farmer is supplied with a product that can be relied upon to do the job expected in crop production. The official publication of the Association may be obtained for a small fee through the office of its secretary, B. D. Cloaninger, Clemson, SoLith Carolina. This booklet contains the official terms describing fertilizer materials, a proposed model state fertilizer law, as well as the proceedings of the annual meeting . Whether or not a fertilizer contains the guaranteed amount of plant food can be deter- mined only by a chemical analysis. For this reason, it is considered necessary that each brand of fertilizer offered for sale be officially sampled and analyzed each year. When failure to meet the guarantee is proved by chemical analysis, the prosecution or seizure provisions of the law may be invoked. The purchaser's refusal to buy a fertilizer which does not conform to the law will not only assist in the enforcement of the law, but will at the same time insxjre him the protection of the law. In addition to the above provision is made for tolerance to be set and a penalty sched- ule drawn up for any guarantee claimed after evaluation of the situation by the Commissioner and proper notice given by his office. Ext. Bull. 100 Ext. Bull . lOU Ext. Bull. 105 Ext. BuU. 118 Ext. BiOl . 125 Ext. Bu.U . 129 Ext. Bi.a.1 . 144 Ext. Cir. 275 Ext. Cir. 309 Ext. Cir. 310 Ext. Cir. 314 Sta. Bull . 424 Sta. Bull. 439 USE OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS It is not within the scope of this department to make recommendations regarding the use of commercial fertilizers. The Department of Agronomy and the Department of Biochemistry of the University of New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station test soils an'^, conduct experimental work with various fertilizer materials on hay and crop land. The Department of Horticulture investigates fertilizer treatments for fruits and vegetables. Much of this work has "been published, and is available for free distribution to residents of New Hamp- sliire . Address your request to Mail Service, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hamp- shire. A list of currently available publications on fertilization follows: Growing Apples in New Hampshire. Growing Vegetables at Home. Asparagus in New Hampshire . Growing Potatoes in New Hampshire . Growing Strawberries in New Hampshire . Forage Crop Production in New Hampshire. Growing Peaches in New Hampshire . Culture of Low-B\iSh Blueberries . Growing Grapes in New Hampshire. Cane Fruit Culture. Tomatoes for New Hampshire. Soils and Their Crop Adaptation in New Hampshire . Forage Variety Trials in New Hampshire 1951-1956. Folder New Hampshire Recommendations for Seed, Fertilizer and Lime. While the word "fertilizer" does not appear in all of the above titles, none is in- cluded which does not discuss the use of fertilizer. CONFORMITY TO GUARANTEE The chemical analyses reported in this bulletin were made by the methods adopted by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. The following list indicates the number of samples equaling or failing to meet guarantee : Number of samples analyzed I69 Equaling or exceeding all guarantees 96 Deficient in nitrogen only 4l (11 subject to penalty) Deficient in phosphoric acid only 8 (3 subject to penalty) Deficient in potash only 13 (8 subject to penalty) Deficient in nitrogen and phosphoric acid 1 (1 subject to penalty in nitrogen) Deficient in nitrogen and potash 3 (1 subject to penalty in potash) Deficient in phosphoric acid and potash 3 (1 subject to penalty in both) (1 subject to penalty in potash) Deficient in magnesium oxide 1 Deficient in magnesium oxide and nitrogen 2 (1 subject to penalty in MgO) (1 subject to penalty in both) Deficient in magnesium oxide and phosphoric acid 1 (subject to i>enalty in MgO) Fifty samples were guaranteed to contain magnesium oxide . Of these eighteen guaranteed in terms of water soluble magnesium oxide. All magnesium oxide guarantees were met with five exceptions. Eight samples were analyzed for boron and all met the guarantee. Penalties were assessed on 29 different lots of fertilizers representing 12 grades. Four grades, 0-15-30, 8-I6-I6, I5-IO-IO- and 10-10-10 were involved in 19 of the lots penal- ized. The others were scattering, one or two only in a particular grade. The penalty clause was invoked in twelve cases for nitrogen, four cases for phosphoric acid, eleven cases for potash and in four cases for magnesium oxide. These cases are indicated in the table of analyses by underline of the result found. The manufacturers are listed alphabetically and the brand names by formula and alphabetically under the name of the manufacturer. There are far too many small deficiencies as shown by the fact that only 96 out of 169 samples met all guarantees . This problem is of serious concern and considerable coopera- tive work is underway to solve the problem. Fertilizers are largely mixtures of chemicals. Segregation of these materials in the bag is difficult to prevent. Modern methods of fertilizer manufacture are doing much to process the fertilizer in such a way that segrega- tion will be avoided. The solution of this problem is difficult. To obtain a truly repre- sentative sample of a fertilizer mixture requires careful work. The chemist can accurately 3 i; determine the nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash content of the sample sent to the laboratory. If this sample does not correctly represent the larger lot, the analytical work is of no use. Tue obligation of the fertilizer control program is to see that the manufacturer is supplying the guaranteed amount of plant food to the consumer. For this reason, t);ie sample must be dra'.-m and analyzed very carefiLLly so that injustice i.'ill not be done to either the consumer or manufacturer. COjyMERCIAL VALUE OF FERTILIZERS Section 1+39:10 of the Nevf Hampshire Fertilizer Law, effective January 1, I96O, states, "For the pvirpose of determining the commercial values to be applied \mder the provisions of Section J., the Commissioner shall determine and publish annually, the values per pound of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash in commercial fertilizers in this State. The values so determined and published shall be used in determining and assessing penalties." After consulting the fertilizer manufacturers selling the major tonnage of fertilizer in New Hampshire, the Commissioner established and the Agricultural Advisory Board approved on Jione 1, 1959> the following commercial values per pound of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash: $3.00 per Unit or 15 cents per pound of Nitrogen* $2.00 per Unit or 10 cents per pound of Phosphoric Acid* $1.20 per Unit or 6 cents per pound of Potash* $1.25 per Unit or 6 cents per pound of Magnesium 0xide--(l/2 of lf» Tolerance) *see page 2 or a copy of the lavr for tolerances June 1, 1959 The Hew Hampshire Department of Agriculture Concord, New Hampshire o W E O O punoj paa^oBJBno ptinoj; c8 p3aq.CTBJBno punoj o XI s) > < paa^cTBJBno o p. ptmoj o p33q.nBJBno punoj B o u p3aq.nB,iBnQ J- ON UN UN • UN OJ O O • o • o o o CM S : O H 8 : 8 S • S o o onO OJ UN J- o r-o H ■ S UN ■■^ O O C\J vo s VD CM UN H 8^8 s UN CM UN H h J1 tH 0) 01 0) 4-> +J •P l/l m ta <1> 0) o s s ^ s; J o o 3 o "id a US -P w •H s3 ^ UN ^ I a o o rH O I UN H O ^1 O 0) S N H (1) •^ b UN -p 3 I !h a O H II) 05 H d t< S I 0) UN S C Pi (U a o H O O O Tj Ph Ph Ph 01 3 3S UNMD -3- H O O 8 o UN UN\0 -J H m V K 4J (U 01 a u J3 o o a a □ o o o o o o UN C^ m CM o o o o OJ on OCM^iHt^CMOIMCMOJOC^NmoOONCJN • ^r-iCM.-(f^O^t~-V0t~-[>-CMUN(X30J0J • • cvj CM OJ OVOVOVD-=J-|-|OUN-:tUN^[^t--C7NO^- • •-{ ^ ^ r-< M •-{ rH • '. ^ ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo O O^OVDVOJ- OOUNJ- u\J-t~-t-00 t~- OOr-IHrHHrHH HH OJ CM H J- CO VO O^OCMVOCOVDVOJ-COrH OJ UNt^r«-it^O-5HJ- rHO O ■ VD • • OJ • rH O ^D VO V£> VO rH rH H H ooo^ooococaoot— rH H H H rH H rH :& : ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo o o UNO^O^VDOOO^OOCOCOOOt— -o r^ r^ ^ r-t H rHHH r-t ,-< H H "CM UN OJ -^f VO OJ O ro < 00 CM H rH rOMD f-c )^CM-^OJ-^OJvO-^UN 'OJCM )C>OC3\rOUNCMUNUNrHO -rOUN rOHVOVOVOMDOOOvOOOCOODOOf- -OH H rA <-{ H •-{ H H --I HH H f-i -CM ' O ' o H VOJ-|roCM|rHrHCMOrorOrHOJrHCO[— CO O rONO u\ O t^t— OrooOOOtOrouN • UN MC^ MO CJ\ On UN O UNVO UN UN-3- UNVD|t~- 3H* rN CM OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO qooqocjooooooqoooo -oj U^. 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" H OJ CM H O O 888 000 000 0000 0000 rH H H H rH M H CJ\-* HJ- r-CMVOVO ^-0■-|l/^0^-^CMCM r-l rH H H H rH H 00000000 00000000 OM3^avOvDVD OVO ■H H i-l rH H H H CM O -* < CO OJ CM c CM 0\-4- CO ^ VO \J3 VO VO t^ O VO H H H i-l H i-l 00000000 00000000 •OOCMVOVOVOOO •rHHrH.HHrHrHrH CM ( o < O M l/NOJ CO OJ rH O OJ O t^ O HOOOJVDVOVOOO CM iH H r-t H rH rH H H 000000000 000000000 OOO0JU3VDVDOO CMHr-lHHHHHH ) VD CO O CM l/NCO CO O ■ rocj\-3- rn\D H 0\ en H H O OJ H H CM ^O M3VJ3 O O iH H H H I-l H O O O O H J- O O O O ' O O ' O O ■ O o i o o 8 8 3 12.00 12,00 16.00 l/N • H ON . 0 H 12.73 12.20 16.22 0 0 0 0 3 12.00 12.00 16.00 8^ CO CO 3 CM-* iH CO VD VO CM C^ l^on l/NCO h- f- t~-tO O CO t^ U'N CM 000 o o o o 00000 00000 incococococo oco o O 0! c o 0) CJ u OJ ^ tn g -H 4S d f-( 0 a u g O jS J5 in u 0 t (rt OQJCJ0P-P-p-P-P-P-PPP LiQjQjajajQjoooGj HOOOOOOOO 'd'd'd'd'd'd'd^'d r-lHHrHrHHHrHrH 000000000 o o •d .s a) ra "d >> > (U -d H 0) r-J > CD d o CO 00 oco o o o o \OCQ CM -3- o o o o 1^ o o o o h 0) !h +5 9) ra +> r! of rt a 1,3 u^m H m H H ^ £S UJ m < < 0) 0) r-IH ,Q .a 3 3 H H O O § (0 C H M T) -d •H *H Tl (U CO r-i O ft • SCO S rH CQ C (1) Si £i W ^i <: -d 0) (U rH ^^ ^ (U 3 +J rH Ul O M 3 (U M K -d a<; 12 The follo^/ing infomation was furnished by Control Supervisor. The folloijing fertilizer products were unregistered with the New Hampshire Depart- ment of Agriculture at the time they were found exposed for sale . Samples were not dra^-m. AGRICUCTURAL PRODUCTS CO. APCO All Purpose Plant Food 5-10-5 IffiST KUTGSTOII, RHODE ISLAIID AI-ERICAH AGRICUCrmAL CHEMICAI. CO. Sulphate of Ammonia (mislabelled) H. VJEiTMOUPH, l-IASSACHUSEITS AKMOUR FERTILIZER WORKS Amour Miariate of Potash 60jj Armour Sulphate of Ammonia 20.5'j Armour Nitrate of Soda l6^i CABTERET, NSv JERSEY CHICAGO STOCK lixSL^ Gerdenure 1-1-1 CHICAGO, ILLH.'OIS SAGADAHOC FEHTILIZER CO., HIC. Sagadahoc Bone Meal I.5-I8-O Sagadahoc Dehydrated Co'./ Maninre 2-1-1 Sagadahoc Sheep Manure 2-1-1 BOVrooHJHAH, MAXTIE 13