THE MALLOPHAGA OF NEW ENGLAND BIRDS By JAMES E. KEIRANS Station Bulletin 492 May 1967 AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE DURHAM, NEW HAMPSHIRE THE MALLOPHAGA OF NEW ENGLAND BIRDS ^' ^ by -3 James E. Keirans^ This paper is based on a thesis submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School of the University of New Hampshire in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Published with the approval of the Director of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station as Station Bulletin 492. Formerly Research Assistant, Entomology Department, New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station; present address. Biological Research Unit, National Communicable Disease Center, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Savannah, Georgia. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 SYSTEMATICS 3 METHODS AND MATERIALS k KEY TO THE SUBORDERS AND FAMILIES OF MALLOPHAGA OF NEW ENGLAND BIRDS 7 FAMILY LAEMOBOTHRIIDAE T LAEMOBOTHRION 8 L. atrum 8 L. maximum 9 L. tinnunauli 10 KEY TO THE NEW ENGLAND MENOPONIDAE 11 ACTORNITHOPHILUS 13 A. bicolor 13 A, flwnineus li+ A. hoplopteri macutosus 15 A . limarius 15 A . oae l latus 15 A . ochraceus 15 A . paludosus l6 A. pediculoides IT A . pioeus lari IT A. piceus pioeus l8 A. sabulosus 18 A. stictus 18 A . totani 19 A . umbrinus 19 AMYRSIDEA 20 A. megalosoma 21 AUSTROMENOPON 21 A. aegialitidis 22 A . alpinum 22 A. atrofulvwv 22 A. corporosiov ^ 23 A. durisetosum 23 A. merguli 23 A. nigvopleumm 2h A . phaeopodis 2^+ IV A . squatavo lae 2U A . tvansversum 2k A. uriae 25 BONOMIELLA 25 B. aolumbae 26 CICONIPHILUS 26 C. butoridiphagus 27 C. decimfasaiatus 27 C. pectiniventris 28 COLPOCEPHALUM 29 C. hrachysomum 30 C. f laves oens 31 C. nanum 31 C. turbinatum 32 C. zerafae 33 CUCULIPHILUS 3^ C. decoration 3U C. altermatus 35 DENNYUS 35 D. dubius 36 EIDMANIELLA 36 E. brevipalpis 37 E. pustulosa 37 EUREUM 37 E. ewingi = 38 HOHORSTIELLA 38 H. lata 38 EOLOMENOPON 39 H. alypeilargum 39 H. leucoxanthum 39 H. loomisii 39 E. lunarium ko E. transvaalense ^0 KURODAIA i+l K. asadicae Ul K. flammei i+1 K. fulvofasoiata h,2 K. haliaeeti 1*2 K. magna 1+2 K. painei U 3 MACHAERILAEMUS 1+3 M. americanus 1+3 M. comp lexus kk M. maestus UU M. malleus U1+ M. me losvizae 1+5 MENACANTHUS 1+5 M. alaskensis 1+6 M. aurocapillus 1+6 M. annulatus 1+6 M. came linus 1+6 M. ohrysophaeus 1+T M. colaptis 1+7 M. aomutus 1+8 M. pallidulus 1*8 M. expansus 1+8 M. meniscus 1+9 M. mutabi lis 1+9 M. perforatus 1+9 M. stvamineus 1+9 M. tenuifrons 50 MENOPON 50 MYRSIDEA 51 M. cucullaris 52 M. emersoni 52 M. incerta 52 M. interrupta 53 M. latifrons 53 M. major 5^ M. me lanorum 5 ^ M. pa I loris 5 ^ M. prioei 55 M. quadri fas data 55 M. quadrimaculata 55 M. ridulosa 55 M. rustiaa 55 M. troglodyti 56 PIAGETIELLA 56 PSEUDOMENOPON 57 vi p. insolens 57 P. par 57 P. pi losum 57 P. qadrii 58 THINOTON 58 T. anserinum 58 T. querquedulae 59 FAMILY RICIWIDAE 59 RICINUS 60 E. angulatus 60 R. avouatus 60 R. diffusus 6l R. frenatus 6l R. medius 62 R. me lospizae 62 R. mevulae 62 R. pallidus 63 R. serratus 63 R. subhastatus 6U R. thoraaiaus 6U TROCHILOECETES 6U T. lineatus 6i+ KEY TO THE ISCHNOCERA OF NEW ENGLAND BIRDS 65 ACIDOPROCTUS 68 A. kelloggi 69 ANATICOLA 70 A . anseris 70 A. orassicormis 71 ANATOECUS 72 A. dentatus 72 A. iatevodes 73 AQUANIRMUS 7^+ A . bucomfishi 7^ A . emersoni 7^ A . podi lymbus 75 ARDEICOLA 75 VI 1 A. hotauvi 75 A. cvuscuZa 76 A. gaibagla 76 A. goisagi 77 BRUELIA 77 B. argula 78 B. cedrorwn 78 B. clayae 78 B. domestica 79 B. iliaci breviaolor 79 B. imponderabilica 79 B. infrequens 79 B. interposita 80 B. limbata 80 B. longifrons 80 B. nebulosa 8I B. nivalis 81 B. omatissima 81 B. pallidula 82 B. picturata 82 B. rotundata 82 B. subis 83 B. subtilis 83 B. tenuis 83 B. vulgata 8k B. zeropunotata zeropunctata 8^4 CAMPANULOTES 8U C. bidentatus aompav 85 CARDUICEPS 85 C. meinertzhageni 86 C. zonarius 86 C. species 87 CHELOPISTES 88 C. me teagridis 88 COLUMBICOLA 89 C. colimbae 89 C. macTOurae 90 CRASPEDONIRMUS 90 C. colymbinus 90 C. irmer 91 VI 11 CRASPEDORRHYNCHUS 91 C. amerioanus 92 C. aqui linus 92 C. buteonis 92 C. dilatatus 93 C. haematopus 93 C. halieti 9^ C. subhaematopus 9^ CUCLOTOGASTER 9^ C. heterographus 95 CUCULICOLA 95 C. erythropthalmus 95 CUCULOECUS 96 C. coccygi 96 CUMMINGSIELLA 96 C. ambigua 97 DEGEERIELLA 97 D. discocephalus discocephalus 98 D. fulva 98 D. fusca 99 D. nisus nisus 100 D. nisus vagans 100 D. regalis vegalis 101 B. rufa rufa 101 D. rufa carruthi 102 FALCOLIPEURUS 102 F. marginalis 103 F. suturalis 10^* FULICOFFULA lOU F. amerioana 10^ F. oomstocki 105 F. distincta 105 F. longiphila 105 GONIOCOTES 106 G. ahrysocepha lus 106 IX G. ga I linae 107 GONIODES 107 G. bonasus 108 G. colchici 108 G. dissimi lis 109 G. gigas 109 INCIDIFEONS 109 I. monaahus 110 I. transpositus 110 LAGOPOECUS 110 L. colahicus Ill L. sinensis Ill L . umhe llvts Ill LIPEURUS 112 L. caponis 112 L. maculosus II3 LUNACEPS 113 L. holophaeus 11 3 L. limosella paschalis llU L. numenii phaeopi II5 MULCTICOLA II6 M. maaroaephalus II6 ORNITHOBIUS II6 0. goniopleuvus II7 OXYLIPEURUS 118 0. mesopetios ooZchicus II8 PECTINOPYGUS 119 P. bassani bassani 120 P. farallonii 120 P. gyricovnis 121 PENENIRMUS 121 P. albiventris 122 P. auri tus 122 P. gulosus 123 p. jungens 12U P. quadripustulatus 12U PHILOPTERUS 125 P. aegelaii 125 P. aitrinetlae aurvirostrae 126 P. Gorvi 126 P. cristata 127 P. excisus miarosomaticus 127 P. fringillae 128 P. fusciaollis 129 P. fus aoventralis 129 P. hamatus 129 P. hanzdki 130 P. quiscali 130 P. vuttevi 130 P. sialii 130 P. tropiaalis 131 PHYSCONELLOIDES 131 P. zenaiduvae 132 PICICOLA 132 P. mississippiensis 132 P. orpheus 133 QUADRACEPS 133 Q. alaonae I3U Q. assimilis major 135 Q. charadrii hospes 135 Q. fissus 136 Q. hiaticulae hiatioulae 136 Q. hiatioulae boephi lus 137 Q. klatti 137 Q. nigrolimbatus 138 Q. ny ohthemerus 138 Q. ohliquus 138 Q. omatus omatus , 138 Q. omatus paulsohulzei 139 Q. omatus striolatus 139 Q. punctatus regressus 139 Q. punctatus sublingulatus 139 Q. ravus 139 Q. sellatus sellatus iHO Q. simi lis l^iO Q. strepsilaris li+1 Q. waterstoni lUl RALLICOLA ll+2 XI H. advenus li+3 R. ke I loggi 1^3 R. mystax l^U R. ortygometrae aatifomious l^+U R. ortygometrae subporzanae li+5 RHYNONIRMUS IU5 i?. parsonae 1U5 R. saolopacis li+6 ROTUNDICEPS 1U6 R. cordatus 1U7 SAEMUNDSSONIA ikj S. coniaa l^^T S. coniaa navmanni li+8 5. oordiceps 1^+8 S. haemastica 1^+8 S. lari lari 1U9 S. laticaudata 150 5. lookeyi 151 S. melanocephalus 151 5. merguli 151 S. platygaster 152 S. scolopacisphaeopodis scolopacisphaeopodis 153 5. stemae 153 S. tringae 15^ STRIGIPHILUS 155 5. aautifrons 155 S. barbatus 156 S. aeblebrachys 156 5. cursor 157 S. oculatus 158 S. otus 158 S. varius 158 STURNIDOECUS 159 S. simplex 159 S. stumi 160 PERCENTAGE INFESTATION OF NEW ENGLAND BIRDS BY MALLOPHAGA I6I HOST-MALLOPHAGA INDEX OF GENERA FOUND IN NEW ENGLAND I6I BIBLIOGRAPHY I6U Xll INTRODUCTION The first mention of Mallophaga in the United States seems to have been by Dr. W. I. Burnett (1852) in an abstract of a paper, on the ex- ternal parasites of warm-blooded animals, presented before the Boston Society of Natural History. He stated: that although there are single species peculiar to particular animals, there are others which are found in different species of the same genus, as is the case in the parasites living on birds of the genus Larus (Gulls) and the diurnal birds of prey. The first species of Mallophaga determined in the United States from a North American bird was Doaophorus huteonis, (now Craspedor- rhynchus) , by A. S. Packard, Jr. from Buteo lineatus (Gmelin) in the year 1870. In the same paper he described Philopterus hamatus (Packard) and Ricinus thoraaicus (Packard) both from Pleatophenax nivalis (Linn.) and Actomithophilus lavi (Packard) from Larus marinus Linn. In 1878 Joseph Leidy, the famed parasitologist who identified Trichinella spiralis in hog muscle, described Piagetiella perale (Leidy) from Peleaanus erythrorhynohos Gemlin. It is interesting to note that this mallophagan is not one of the commonly found types of lice which feed on the feathers of its host, but one which lives in- side the pouch of the pelican feeding on salivary secretions and blood. Osborn in 1890 described Saemundssonia phaetona from Phaeton aethereus Linn, and in 1891 he described Geomydoecus geomydis from the Plains Pocket Gopher, Geomys bursarius (Shaw). However, the real beginnings of Mallophaga taxonomy in the United States began in 1896. In that year three indispensable publications appeared; New Mallophaga I and II, by Vernon L. Kellogg, and Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, by Herbert Osborn. Kellogg's work is the first large systematic treatment of the Mallophaga to appear in America. Part III of New Mallophaga appeared in 1899, along with the first ex- tensive treatment of the anatomy of the Mallophaga by R. E. Snodgrass. In the twentieth century, M. A. Carriker, Jr. (1902) published his first paper on Mallophaga and continued working, mainly on Neotropical species until his death in 1965. At the present time, the most active workers in this country are Edwards, Emerson, Price, Tuff, and Ward. In an early publication, Peters (1928) listed 94 species of Mallophaga from 114 species of birds in Ohio. Three years later Geist (1931) added 21 additional species of Mallophaga. Peters (1936) pub- lished a list of bird ectoparasites from the states east of the Mississippi. The only acceptable state list of Mallophaga is from North Carolina (Brimley, 1938, Supplements, 1942, 1950). The publications such as A Check List of the Genera and Species of Mallophaga by G. H. E. Hopkins and Theresa Clay (1952), British Museum (Nat. Hist.)» London, 362 pp., and the lists from North America, A Tentative List of Mallophaga for North American Birds (North of Mexico) , by K. C. Emerson (1962), and A Checklist of the Mallophaga of North America (North of Mexico) , Part I. Suborder Ischnocerna; Part II. Suborder Amblycera (1964) , are very valuable for anyone working with these insects. These last two were published at Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, Utah. Since the earlier works are no longer readily available, and since others tend to be a list of birds rather than a list of Mallophaga (Johnson, 1931), the present work is intended to bring together the Mallophaga of a relatively small area into a readily usable form and to provide keys to the 64 genera represented and descriptions, where available, of the species. SYSTEMATICS Linnaeus in his Systema Naturae, X Editio, 1758, placed the Mallophaga in the order Aptera which also contained the classes Crus- tacea, Chilopoda and Diplopoda. In 1802 Latreille created the order Parasita in which he placed both the biting and sucking lice. Leach (1815) erected the order Anoplura and included in it two families, Pediculides and Nirmides. With the publication of Die Familien und Gattungen der Theirinsekten (Insecta epizoa) ; als ein Prodromus einer Naturgeschicht derselben by Nitzsch (1818) , began the first systematic study of the Mallophaga. He described the new order Mallophaga to in- clude those lice with mandibulate mouth parts. Latreille (1825), re- defined the Parasita and divided it into two groups, the Mandibulata (chewing lice) and Siphunculata (sucking lice) . Shipley (1904) , gave the name Lipoptera to the Mallophaga but this name has not been ac- cepted by modern workers. The rules of zoological nomenclature do not apply above the family level but the ordinal name Mallophaga Nitzsch has priority over all others used for this group and is now accepted by most American workers. Some entomologists, mostly European, com- bine the Mallophaga and Anoplura into the order Phthiraptera. Weber (1939) includes all lice in the order Phthiraptera and Clay (1957) considers the Mallophaga to be a suborder of the order Phthiraptera with the Amblycera and the Ischnocera considered as superfamilies . It would seem that from a taxonomic and phylogenetic point of view, Weber's and Clay's opinions may be correct and that the order Phthiraptera may soon be accepted by all workers. However, I have not used their classification. I have held to the view of the majority of North American workers, since this paper has the purpose of serving as a guide to the New England Mallophaga. Almost the entire literature in this field is classified with Nitzsch's ordinal name and as a practical workable classification serves its purpose quite well. The Amblycera and Ischnocera are regarded as suborders with three families found on New England birds; Laemobothriidae, Menoponidae, and Ricinidae in the Amblycera and one, Philopteridae, in the Ischnocera. METHODS AND MATERIAL All birds were collected under permits granted by the Federal Government and the State of New Hampshire. Most of the larger birds were shot with a 20 gauge shotgun equipped with a poly-choke and equipped with a .410 adapter for some of the smaller birds. Sets of fine mist nets, (type A)l, were used for collecting a great many of the passerine birds. Birds were placed in a closed container, usually a pint or quart ice cream carton, containing a wad of chloroformed cotton and left for several minutes. The bird is then removed and shaken over a large sheet of white paper. Ruffing the feathers and running a blunt dis- secting needle under the feathers and then out at right angles aids in dislodging the lice. Another method for removing Mallophaga from their hosts is dusting with the silica aerogel, Dri-Die 61^- After mist-netting, the birds are placed in a plastic bag and dusted with a hand bulb duster. The bird and the plastic bag are put into a brown paper sack. The bird be- comes quiet in the darkness. The bird is removed after 15 minutes and its feathers ruffed while it is still inside the plastic bag. The bird is released and the Mallophaga recovered from the plastic bag. Dri-Die is an amorphous white powder which, when applied, absorbs the waxy layer of the cuticle and the resulting dehydration kills the Mallophaga. It has the added advantage of irritating the Mallophaga causing them to release their mandibles thus allowing them to drop off the bird. The following procedure was used in making permanent slide mounts of the Mallophaga collected during the course of this study. A small incision was made along an intersegmental membrane as far forward on the abdomen as possible. This allowed rapid penetration of the KOH and easy removal of the crop and other body contents. Specimens were cleared in cold 10% KOH for several hours depending on the size of the louse and the amount of sclerotization. They were then transferred to two changes of distilled water where the internal organs were removed. They remained in distilled water for at least two hours. They were then placed directly into Hoyer's Mounting Medium according to the following formula: Distilled Water 50 ml. Gum Arabic (clear crystals) 30 gm. Chloral Hydrate 200 gm. Glycerine 20 ml. 1. Northeastern Bird Banding Association 360 Brook Road West Hartford, Connecticut 2. W. R. Grace & Company Davison Chemical Division Baltimore, Maryland The specimens were mounted on 75 x 25 mm. slides and covered with round, 12 mm. cover slips. After drying for several days on a 40°C. slide warmer they were ringed with asphaltum. Specimens were mounted separately or, when possible, a d' and 9 of the same species were mounted on the same slide. Measurements of total length and width and length of the abdomen are unreliable in many of the Menoponidae as they are dependent on the amount of pressure exerted by the cover slip in mounting which often causes "telescoping" of the abdomen. The length of the head is again an unreliable measurement owing to the fact that the head often does not lie flat under the cover slip and the occipital margin may be dis- torted. The measurements least affected by distortion seem to be those of the width of the head at the temples and at the preocular enlargement and probably also the width of the prothorax. Nevertheless, I believe that measurements are still an important character in that they give an indication of general size which can be used for comparative purposes. In New England, there are commonly found seventeen of the nine- teen orders of birds found in North America north of Mexico. The orders not found here are the Psittacif ormes and the Trogoniformes. The petrels, can be found in the waters off the New England shores but due to a paucity of both collections of these birds and their Mallophaga, a study of this order was impossible. The New Hampshire Fish and Game Department (1964) lists 296 species of birds occurring in the State of New Hampshire, 74 of which are considered rare or very irregular, leaving 222 more or less common species. The Checklist of Birds of Southern New Hampshire (distrib- uted by The University of New Hampshire Bookstore) lists 214 species (215 including the Starling which was inadvertently omitted) . Dearborn (1903), in his Birds of Durham and Vicinity lists 252 species, and the Audubon Daily Field Card published by A. W. Argue, Boston, Massachusetts, lists 282 species of birds which may be found in the New England area. The host classification followed is that of the A. 0. U. Checklist of North American Birds, fifth edition. Sub-species are omitted. Rare and accidental species are omitted except where noted. Exotic species successfully introduced are included. During the course of this study, the Mallophaga collections of the United States National Museum, University of Rhode Island, University of Massachusetts, Harvard University and the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station were examined. The New England records of Mallophaga from the Cornell University collection were also used. The initials used in this paper are as follows: J. E. K. - the author's collection. A. E. B. - the A. Edmund Brower collection. USNM - the United States National Museum collection. 5 U. N. H. - The University of New Hampshire bird skin collection. M. C. Z. - the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University collection. B. M. S. - Boston Museum of Science collection. KEY TO THE SUBORDERS AND FAMILIES OF MALLOPHAGA OF NEW ENGLAND BIRDS 1. Maxillary palpi four segmented; antennae four segmented, distinctly clubbed or capitate and concealed in grooves on the underside of the head; mandibles horizontal; meso- and metathorax usually separated by a suture Suborder AMBLYCERA 2. Maxillary palpi absent; antennae five segmented filiform, not concealed in grooves; mandibles verti- cal; meso- and metathorax fused without a dividing suture Suborder ISCHNOCERA 4. 2. Head evenly expanded behind, broadly triangular Family MENOPONIDAE Head not evenly expanded or broadly triangular 3. 3. Sides of head with strong bulbous swelling in front of eyes (infesting birds of prey, coots and grebes) — Family LAEMOBOTHRIIDAE Side of head straight (infesting passerines and hummingbirds) Family RICINIDAE 4. Tarsi with two claws; antennae five segmented Family PHILOPTERIDAE LAEMOBOTHRIIDAE This family is closely allied to the family Ricinidae. Members of the Laemobothriidae resemble the Ricinidae in having all legs two- clawed and the antennae enclosed in capsules which open ventrally. In the Laemobothriidae the antennal capsules are bulbous and form con- spicuous lateral swellings on the head. The lateral contours of the abdomen are unbroken by any notching at the junctions of the segments. The family Laemobothriidae contains a single genus of about 26 species. Clay and Hopkins (1952) recognized the subgenus Laemobothrion which includes the species of Laemobothrion parasitic upon the Falconi- formes and the subgenus Eutaemobothrion Ewing, 1929, as including the Laemobothrion infesting the order Gruiformes and the family Poticipitidae. The largest known species of Mallophaga belong to this family; some hawk infesting species are 10 mm. in length. LAEMOBOTHRION Laemobothrion Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent . , 3: 301. Type species: Laemobothrion maximum (Scopoli, 1763) (By subsequent designation, Johnston and Harrison, 1911, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , 36: 327). Laemobothrium Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent., 2: 441 (Emendation) . Eulaemobothrion Ewing, 1929. Manual External Parasites: 189. Type species: Laemobothrion nigrum Burmeister, 1838 (A synonym of Laemobothrion atrion (Nitzsch, 1818). Omithopeplechthos Eichler, 1941a. Stettin. Ent. Ztg., 102: 127. Type species: Laemobothrion opisthoaomi Cummings , 1913. Pterophagus Eichler, 1941a. Stettin. Ent. Ztg., 102: 128. Type species: Laemobothrion gracilentum Harrison, 1915 (A synonym of Laemobothrion graaile Giebel, 1874). Plegadilymantikos Eichler, 1941a. Stettin. Ent. Ztg., 102: 128. Type species: Laemobothrion pallesoens Kellogg, 1908. This genus is recognized by the two-clawed tarsi, bulbous antennal capsules and conspicuously large size. In Laemobothrion Nitzsch, 1818, sens. str. the clypeus is not emarginate in front and is without peg- like spines. Species of the subgenus Eulaemobothrion have the clypeus incurved and bearing several erect, peg-like spines on or near the front margin. Laemobothrion atrum (Nitzsch, 1818) Liotheum atrum Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent., 3: 302. Laemobothrion nigrum Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent., 2: 422. Laemobothrion tathrobium Kolenati, 1846. Melet. Ent., 5: 139, pi. 19, fig. 6. Type host: Fulioa atra Linnaeus — European Coot. Laemobothrion atrum (Nitzsch) has been reported from California (Kellogg, 1896), Ohio (Peters, 1928), Utah (Stanford, 1932), and North Carolina (Brimley, 1938). Procter (1938) says L. atrum "occurs on coots" in the Mt. Desert region of Maine. No specimens of L. atrum taken in the New England area were seen. Male: Head usually with 6 stout spines at the anterior margin, occa- sionally 2 or 4; one seta on each side of the gular plate. Thorax with the number of setae on the lateral projection varying from 3 to 4; sternal plate present, indented anteriorly, sides slightly concave; meso-metathoracic plate with 2 or 3 long setae on each side; abdomen with tergal plates I-VIII undivided; tergal plate IX may be continuous across the segment or divided medially. Sternal plates III- VI rectangular and separated from the pleurites; sternite V with comb- like structures on each side, a smaller area also present on sternite VI and on the venter of the third femora. Female: Chaetotaxy of the head as in the male. Thorax as in male. Abdomen with tergal plates I-VIII undivided; sternites I-VI as in the male, minute comb-like structures on sternum VI lacking. Laemobothrion maximum (Scopoli, 1763) Pediculus maximus Scopoli, 1763. Ent . Carniolica: 382. Pediculus buteonis J. C. Fabricius, 1776. Gen. Ins.: 309 {nn for P. maximus Scopoli) . Pediculus civci Fourcroy, 1785. Entomol. Paris.: 518 {nn for Geoffroy's Pediculus civci, fuscus , oblongus . . . . ) . Pediculus milvi Schrank, 1803. Fauna Boica : 193. {nn for Frisch's "Huhnergeyerlaus". Liotheum (Laemobothrion) giganteum Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent. 3: 301. (nn for maximus Scopoli, buteonis Fabricius, and civci Geoff roy) . Nivmus buteonivovus Packard, 1872. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. 6: 733, fig. 61. Laemobothvium nigrolimbatum Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 252. Laemobothvium titan Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 578, pi. 49, fig. 1. Laemobothvum loomisi Kellogg and Chapman, 1902. J. New York Ent. Soc. 10: 23, pi. 3, fig. 3. Laemobothvium oligothvix Carriker, 1903, Univ. Stud. Nebraska 3: 161, pi. 4, fig. 7. Laemobothvium cavaoavaensis Kellogg, 1906. J. New York Ent. Soc. 14: 48, pi. 2, fig. 6. Laemobothvion eidmanni Eichler, 1942a. Mitt. Dtsch. Ent. Ges . 11: 14, figs. 1 and 2. Laemobothvion anatolioum Eichler, 1942b. Zool. Anz. 137: 52, fig. 1. Laemobothvion hoesohi Eichler, 1942b. Zool. Anz. 137: 56, fig. 2. _ _ Laemobothvion niethammevi Eichler, 1942b. Zool. Anz. 137: 60, fig. 5 Laemobothvion indica Sen, 1942. Ind. J. Vet. Sci. Anim. Husb. 12: 169, fig._ 1. Laemobothvion hievaaeti Eichler, 1943. Mitt. Konigl. Naturwiss. Inst. Sofia 16: 209, fig. 3. „ Laemobothvion buveschi Eichler, 1943. Mitt. Konigl. Naturwiss. Inst. Sofia 16: 209, fig. 4. Laemobothvion mjobevgi Eichler, 1944b. Dtsch. Ent. Z. 1943: 64, figs. 11 and 12. Laemobothvion chondvohievacis Eichler, 1953. Bonn. Zool. Beitr. 4: 265, figs. 32b and 32c. Laemobothvion medesi Tendeiro, 1955. Bol. Cult. Guine Port. 9: 521, figs. 7 and 8. Laemobothvion siddiquii Ansari ?1955. Proc. 7th Pak. Sci. conf. (Sect. Biol.): 57. (Also described as n. sp. in Ind. J. Ent. 17: 400). Laemobothvion clayi Tuleschkov, 1957. Izv. Zool. Inst. Bulg. Akad. Nauk. (Otd. Biol.) 6: 281. LaemobothHon lunai Tendeiro, 1958. Publ. Cult, da Diam. Comp. Angola 40: 99, figs. 16 and 17. Laemobothrion tulesohkovi Bechet, 1961. Stud. Cere. Biol. 12: 220, fig. 2a, b. Type host: Buteo buteo (Linnaeus). New England hosts: Pandion hatiaetus (Linnaeus) — Osprey. Aquila chvysaetos (Linnaeus) — Golden Eagle. This species differs from L. tinnunouli (Linnaeus) as follows: Head with flatter anterior margin; prominent lateral preocular swell- ings; fine short seta adjacent to very long seta on latero-dorsal temple region. Gular plate anteriorly with 2-6 short to medium setae on each side. Sitophore sclerite of hypopharynx with 2 large holes. Prothorax with patch of short setae along anterior ventral margin. Prosternal plate with 1-6 short setae on each lateroanterior portion, in addition to a minute anterior seta. No records of this species being taken in New England are known. Laemobothrion tinnunouli (Linnaeus, 1758) Pedieulus tinnunouli Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10: 612. Niimu^ hasticeps Olfers, 1816. De Veget. et Anim. Corp. in Corp. Anim. Reper. Comment.: 87. Liotheum hastioeps Nitzsch, 1818, Germar's Mag. Ent. 3: 302. (nn for P. tinnunouli Linnaeus, 1758). Laemobothrium hastipes Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent. 2: 442. Laemobothrium latioolle Denny, 1942. Mon. Anopl. Birt.: 203 and 239, pi. 23, fig. 4. Nirmus albioillae Denny, 1952. List Brit. Animals in Brit. Mus., pt. II, Anopl.: 39. (nn for L. latioolle Denny, 1842). Physostomum longetarsatum Piaget, 1895. Tijdschr. Ent. 38: 101. Laemobothrium intermedium McGregor, 1917. Ent. News, 28, 434, pi. 28, figs. 2 and 5. Laemobothrion aquab Ansari, 71955. Proc. 7th Pak. Sci. Conf. (Sect. Biol.): 57. (Also described as n. sp. in Ind. J. Ent. 17: 400 and 18: 437). Laemobothrion semicirculus Carriker, 1961. Nov. Cien. Mus. Hist. Nat. LaSalle 28: 39, fig. 41. Type host: Falco tinnunoulus Linnaeus — Kestrel. New England hosts: Falco oolumbarius Linnaeus — Pigeon Hawk. Falco sparverius Linnaeus — Sparrow Hawk. Head with somewhat rounded anterior margin; reduced lateral pre- ocular swellings. A pair of adjacent long setae on laterodorsal temple region. No setae on the gular plate. Sitophore sclerite of hypopharynx with 2 small holes. Prothorax with only a few short setae along the anterior margin; prosternal plate somewhat flattened anteriorly, with only one short seta on each side. No published records of this species being taken in New England are known. 10 KEY TO THE NEW ENGLAND MENOPONIDAE 1. Gular plate trilobed, head crescent shaped with narrow preocular slit on dorso-lateral margin. Abdominal pleurite with postero-ventral angles prolonged posteriorly PSEUDOMENOPON Not as above 2 2. Head with a pair of ventral sclerotized processes arising near base of palpi 3 Head without such processes 4 3. Distal anterior angle of second antennal segment prolonged and rounded. Abdominal pleurites with postero-ventral angles prolonged posteriorly HOHORSTIELLA Distal anterior angle of second antennal segment not prolonged MENACANTHUS 4. Combs of short spines on third femora 5 Combs of short spines on third femora absent; patches may be present 9 5. Last segment of antenna with an indication of division into two. Abdominal sternites III-IV in 9 , and III-V in cf two or more combs of short setae on each side CUCULIPHILUS Last segment of antenna without indications of division into two 6 6. Relatively large species (4-8 mm.). Narrow preocular slits; antennal cavity deep and partially covered from below. Gular and prosternal plates well developed. Prosternal plate with more than two median setae PIAGETIELLA Not as above 7 7. Segments of antennae short, second segment produced and pointed, last segment globate CICONIPHILUS Not as above 8 8. Abdomen ovoid with greatest width at segment IV. Dorsal bands joining occipital and preocular sclerotized areas absent. Deep broad or narrow preocular slit. Sternite III with two or more combs of spines KURODAIA Temples square or flatly rounded, never tapering; head with conspicuous dark brown or black sclerotized areas; one at each preocular notch, one at each proximal end of latero-ventral margin, one pair on the occipital margin linked by a transverse band and by lighter bands to the preocular areas COLPOCEPHALUM 11 9. Latero-dorsal margin of head with a small protuberance bearing a seta; first two antennal segments with large distal expansions. Head tri- angular in outline. Large species; (4.0+) pronotum with lateral flanges TRINOTON Not as above 10 10. Head without preocular notch or slit; both sexes with a group of long stout setae on each postero- lateral angle of enlarged sternite II; third femora and abdominal sternites with or without brushes MYRSIDEA Not as above 11 11. Prosternal plate with thickened margin and with more than two median setae; preocular notch or slit absent 12 Without all of the above combination of characters 13 12. Gular plate horseshoe shaped; temples greatly expanded laterally EUREUM Gular plate not horseshoe shaped; temples not greatly expanded but broad and angulate DENNYUS 13. Head without preocular notch or slit; cavity between latero-dorsal and latero-ventral margins of head pouch-like 15 Not as above 14 14. Head with narrow preocular slit; prosternal plate with a median pointed process; prosternum with two median setae EIDMANIELLA Without above combination of characters 17 15. Prosternal plate with more than two median setae; gular plate large with or without central per- foration and lateral processes MACHAERILAEMUS Prosternal plate with two median setae 16 —HOLOMENOPON 16. Prosternal plate with deeply serrated posterior margin Prosternal plate without deeply serrated posterior margin AUSTROMENOPON 17. Prosternum with two median setae; mesosternum with more than two median setae; shallow preocular notch; head slightly wider than long; abdomen ovoid with sparse chaetotaxy; 3rd femora without brushes only 3-5 setae present BONOMIELLA Prosternum with two or more median setae; abdomen narrowly elongate or elongate-ovoid 18 12 18. Temporal angles square or flatly rounded; brushes on third femora and sternite IV ACTORNITHOPHILUS Temples not as above 19 19. Abdomen narrow; pleural plates very narrow; definite brush of setae on sternite IV only MENOPON Abdomen narrow; pleural plates well developed; brushes of setae on sternite IV and others AMYRSIDEA ACTORNITHOPHILUS Actomithophilus Ferris, 1916. Canad. Ent., 48: 303. Type species: Colpoaephalum unseviatum Piaget, 1880. Diactornithophilus Balat, 1953. Zool. Ent. Listy, 2: 96 and 104. Type species: Actomithophilus (Diactornithophilus) svobodyae Balat, 1953. Clypeodon Timmermann, 1954d. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (12), 7: 830. Type species: Colpoaephalum incisum Piaget, 1880. Larithophilus Zlotorzycka, 1963a. Acta Parasit. Polon. , 11: 223. Type species: Colpoaephalum maurum Nitzsch, 1866. Menoponidae without sclerotized processes arising near base of maxillary palpi and without combs of spine-like setae on the venter of the 3rd femora or any of the abdominal sterna. Antennal fossae never deep; preocular notch present, never a narrow preocular slit, anterior margin of head rounded, the temples very prominent, their anterior mar- gins nearly at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body gular plate and setae present. Thorax distinctly three-segmented, the meso- thorax small but clearly defined dorsally. Pro-, meso-, and metasternal plates present; 2 or 3 prosternal setae; mesosternal plate with one or more central setae. Third femora and abdominal sternite IV with thick or sparse brushes, sternite III and V may also have brushes but always less well developed than those on IV. Actomithophilus bicolor (Piaget, 1880) Colpoaephalum hicolov Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 56, pi. 47, fig. 1. Colpoaephalum paetulum Kellogg and Kuwana, 1900. Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad., 23: 157, pi. 7, fig. 4. Colpoaephalum spinulosum obsaurum Carriker, 1910. (nea Giebel, 1874). Ent. News, 21: 52. Colpoaephalum oculare Carriker, 1910. Ent. News 21: 52, pi. 5, fig. 1. Colpoaephalum tigvum Kellogg and Mann, 1912a. Ent. News, 23: 64. Type host: ArenaTia interpres (Linnaeus) — Ruddy Turnstone. 13 Head with 6 short hairs on clypeal margin; eye distinct, with seta; temples prominent; ocular emargination deep and narrow; occipital margin slightly concave. Prothorax about twice as broad as long; pro- sternal setae not surrounded by the prosternal plate. Metathorax with sides broadly diverging; division between meso- and metathorax ap- parent. Posterior margin of metathorax straight with a row of long hairs. Metanotum with long anterior setae. Abdomen elongate-oval, broadest at 3rd and 4th segments. Specimens Host Locality Date IX-9-1965 1'^ Arenaria interpres Hampton, NH 1 9 Sterna paradisaea Measurement of male from Arenaria interpres (Linnaeus) Collector J.E.K. U.N.H. Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Metathorax Width Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length .33 .51 .36 .48 1.17 .59 1.93 Measurement of female from Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan; Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Metathorax Width Abdomen Width Abdomen Length Total Length .31 .46 .33 .43 .58 .99 1.66 Carriker (1910) has collected this species in Michigan, and Kellogg and Mann (1912a) have reported it from Baja, California. Peters (1936) has reported an Actomithophilus sp. from a Ruddy Turnstone in Florida. Aotomithophilus flumineus Clay, 1962 Actomithophilus flumineus Clay, 1962 Ent., 11: 217, pi. 4, fig. 5. Type host: Aatitis hypoleucos (Linnaeus). North American host: Actitis maaularis (Linnaeus) — Spotted Sandpiper. Bull. Brit. Mus. (N.H.) , Measurements ; Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Metathorax Width Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length Type Male Type Female .35 .37 .43 .47 .31 .33 .41 .48 .97 1 .30 .49 .64 1.70 2 .08 14 These measurements are all from Mallophaga taken from the type host. Whether the measurements will be the same from those collected from Aatitis macularis remains to be seen. No specimens were collected. Aatornithophilus hoplopteri maculosus Carriker, 1963a. Actomithophilus hoplopteri maculosus Carriker, 1963a. Rev. Brasil Biol., 23: 295, fig. 3 Type host: Charadrius vociferus Linnaeus — Killdeer. No specimens of this Mallophaga have been found. Peters (1936) reports Actomithophilus aegiaitidis (Durrant , 1906) from a Killdeer in New Hampshire but this is an Austromenopon. Actomithophilus limarius Clay, 1962 Actomithophilus limarius Clay, 1962. Brit. Mus . (N. H.), 11: 222, pi. 5, figs. 2 and 5; pi. 11, fig. 4. Type host: Limnodromus soolopaceus (Say) — Long-tailed Dowitcher. Other North American host: Limnodromus griseus (Gmelin) — Short-tailed Dowitcher. Miss Clay described this species from 56 males and 45 females from Limnodromus scolopaceus in California and 55 males and 45 females from L. griseus in South Carolina. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 imm. Limnodromus griseus Phippsburg, Me. VII-19-1964 J.E.K. This may be A. limnaris Clay, 1962. Measurements of A. limnaris Clay, 1962: Head Length .32 .35 Head Width .46 .49 Prothorax Width .34 .35 Metathorax Width .42 .48 Abdomen Length 1.15 1.38 Abdomen Width .55 .66 Total Length 1.85 2.12 Actomithophilus ocellatus (Rudow, 1869) Colpocephalum ocellatum Rudow, 1869. Z. ges. NatWiss., 34: 392. Type host: Numenius phaeopus (Linnaeus) — Whimbrel. There are no records of this species being taken in the New England area. Actomithophilus ochraceus (Nitzsch, 1818) Liotheum oohracevm Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent . , 3: 299. Colpocephalum flavipes Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 276. Colpocephalum timidim Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 109, pi. 12, fig. 6. 15 Colpooephalum perplanum Kellogg and Chapman, 1899. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 109, pi. 7, fig. 8. Aatomithophilus perrarus Blagoveshtchensky, 1948. Mag. Parasit., Leningr., 10: 270, fig. 8. Type host: Pluvialis apriaavia (Linnaeus) — Eurasian Golden Plover. New England hosts: Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte — Semipalmated Plover. Charadrius melodus Ord — Piping Plover. Pluvialis dominica (Muller) — American Golden Plover. (Occasional in New England associated with Fall easterly storms). Squatarola squatarola (Linnaeus) — Black-bellied Plover. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector Id*, 1 imm. Charadrius semipalmatus Brunswick, Me. IX-1-1964 H. Tyler 2 0*, 6 9 Squatarola squatarola Hampton, NH X-11-1964 J.E.K. 1 imm. " " Brunswick, Me. X-27-1964 H. Tyler Measurements of A. oahraoeus from Squatarola squatarola: 2d 6 9 (range) Head Length .31 .33 Head Width .48 .48 Prothorax Width .33 .31 Metathorax Width .42 .40 Abdomen Length .92 .91 Abdomen Width .57 .54 Total Length 1.62 1.54 .33 - .36 .48 - .55 .34 - .37 .46 - .51 1.09 - 1.27 .64 - .73 1.80 - 2.01 Peters (1928) has reported this species from Ohio, and Peters (1936) reports it from Georgia, Illinois, and South Carolina. Brimley (1938) reports it from North Carolina. Aatomithophilus paludosus Clay, 1962 Aatomithophilus paludosus Clay, 1962. Bull. Brit. Mus . (N.H.) Ent., 11: 219, pi. 5, figs. 3 and 6: text fig. 47. Type host: Tringa nebularia (Gunnerus) . North American host: Totanus melanoleuous (Gmelin) — Greater Yellowlegs. This species is recognized by the presence of long dorsal setae on the metathorax and by the prosternal plate not enclosing the prosternal setae. Specimens Host Locality 3o" , 3? , Totanus melanoleuaus Durham, NH 1 imm. Date VIII-30-1965 Collector J.E.K. 16 3cf .33 .33 .33 .46 .49 .46 .31 .34 .33 .40 .42 .40 .06 1.08 1.06 .49 .54 .52 .68 1.78 1.77 39 .34 .33 .33 .48 .49 .49 .33 .31 .33 .46 .43 .45 1.33 1.93 2.02 .65 .60 .60 2.04 1.93 2.02 Ark. Zool. 6: 44, Measurements of k. paludosus from Totanus melanoleucus (Gmelin) Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Metathorax Width Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length Actomithophilus pediauloides (Mjo^erg, 1910) Colpocephalvm pediouloides Mjoberg, 1910. Ark. Zool. 6: 44, pi. 2, fig. 6. Type host: Arenaria interpves (Linnaeus) — Ruddy Turnstone, Since the original description, the only other collection has been made in the Philippine Islands. Emerson (1956) placed this species in the genus Longimenopon because of the characters of the head and the ab- dominal chaetotaxy. However, Clay (1962) because of the brush of setae on sternite IV, characteristic of Actomithophilus but not of Longimenopon, placed it in the genus Actomithophilus. For a figure of this rare species see Emerson (1956a) . Actormithophilus pioeus lari (Packard, 1870) Colpoaephalum lari Packard, 1880. Amer. Nat., 4: 96, pi. 1, fig. 1. Colpocephalum fuscipes Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 567, pi. 47, fig. 7. Colpocephalum funebre Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 147, pi. 12, fig. 7. Colpocephalum fumidum Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 523, pi. 71, fig. 5. Colpocephalum abbotti, Kellogg, 1899. Dec. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 113, pi. 7, fig. 10. Type host: Larus marinus Linnaeus — Great Black-backed Gull. Other New England hosts: Larus hyperboreau Gunnerus — Glaucous Gull. Larus argentatus Pontoppidan — Herring Gull. Larus delawarensis Ord — Ring-billed Gull. Larus atrioilla Linnaeus — Laughing Gull. Larus Philadelphia (Ord) — Bonapartes Gull. Hissa tridaotyla (Linnaeus) — Black-legged Kittiwake. • Actomithophilus pioeus lari (Packard, 1870) has been reported from New Jersey (Anon. 1909), Ohio (Peters, 1928), North Carolina (Brimley, 1938) and from Quebec (Whitehead, 1954). Specimens Host Locality Date Collector Id* , 2 9 Larus marinus Marshfield, Mass. XII-30-1930 USNM 1 slide " " " " XII-30-1930 MCZ 17 Actomithophilus piceus piceus (Denny, 1842) Colpoaephalwn picewn Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 198 and 212, pi. 18, fig. 4. CoVpocephalwn marurum Nitzsch, 1866. In Giebel, Z. ges. NatWiss., 28: 395. Colpocephalum sulcatum Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 565, pi. 47, fig. 5. Colpocephalum crassipes Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 566, pi. 47, fig. 6. Actomithophilus funebve candidus Carriker, 1949a. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 3254, 100: 17. Larithophilus negroidalis Zlotorzycka, 1963a. Acta Parasit. Polon. , 11: 226, fig. lb. Larithophilus spevabilis Zlotorzycka, 1963a. Acta Parasit. Polon., 11: 227, fig. Ic. Type host: Thalasseus sandvicensis (Latham) — Sandwich Tern. New England hosts: Sterna hirundo Linnaeus — Common Tern. Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan — Arctic Tern. Sterna dougallii Montagu — Roseate Tern. Sterna albifrons Pallas — Least Tern. Thallasseus maximus (Boddaert) — Royal Tern (Rare). Clay (1962) states concerning A. piceus lari (Packard, 1870) and A. piceus piceus (Denny, 1842) : "The populations of Actomithophilus found on the Laridae have not been revised in detail, and must wait for a larger amount of material from more host species. In general, indi- viduals from the Sterninae (i. e., piceus Denny) are smaller than those from the Larinae (i. e., lari Packard)." Actomithophilus sabulosus Clay, 1962 Actomithophilus sabulosus Clay, 1962. Bull. Brit. Mus. (N. H.) Ent., 11: 228, pi. 4, fig. 3; pi. 9, fig. 1 and text fig. 7, 12, 18, 61, and 62. Type host: Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte — Semipalmated Plover. In this species the metanotum has no long anterior setae; pleurites without well marked pattern of internal thickening and pos- terior margin of mesosome with well marked pointed projections on each side. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector Id" , 1 imm. Charadrius semipalmatus Brunswick, Me. IX-1-1964 H. Tyler 1 imm. " " Rye, NH IX-4-1965 B. Barrett Actomithophilus stictus (Kellogg and Paine, 1911) Colpocephalum stictum Kellogg and Paine, 1911. Ent. News, 22: 77, fig. 2. Type host: Capella gallinago (Linnaeus) — Common Snipe. 18 Described from a single male specimen with measurements: Head Length .34 Head Width .40 Thorax Width .34 Abdomen Length .78 Abdomen Width .42 Total Length 1.40 The original description from a snipe collected at Monterrey, California, appears to be the only published record of this species. Aatomithophilus totani (Schrank, 1803) Pediculus totani Schrank, 1803. Fauna Boica: 191. Colpoaephalion affine Nitzsch, 1874. In Giebel, Insecta Epizoa: 276. Type host: Totanus totanus (Linnaeus) — Redshank. New England host: Totanus flavipes (Gmelin) — Lesser Yellowlegs. This species is recognized by the absence of long anterior setae on the metanotum, by the prosternal plate surrounding the prosternal setae, and by the presence of anterior dorsal setae on the last segment of the abdomen in the male. In the female at least 2 or more tergites have 7 or more central setae and tergites II-VIII have a row of anterior setae. Measurements: cf 9 Head Length .36 .37 Head Width .50 .52 Prothorax Width .35 .36 Metathorax Width .45 .51 Abdomen Length 1.17 1.49 Abdomen Width .55 .70 Total Length 1.93 2.69 Aatomithophilus umbrinus (Burmeister, 1838) CoZpocephalwn umbrinus Burmeister, 1838. Handb . Ent . , 2: 438. Colpooephalum trilobaturu Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 275. Colpoaephalum umbrinum Piaget, 1880 (nee Burmeister, 1838). Les Pediculines : 556, pi. 46, fig. 6. Colpoaephalum spinuloswn minor Kellogg and Chapman, 1899 (nea Piaget, 1880). Dec. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 112, pi. 7, fig. S Colpoaephalum morsitans Kellogg and Mann, 1912. Ent. News, 23: 15, fig. 3. Colpoaephalum umbrosum Harrison, 1916. Parasitology, 9: 56, {nn for C. umbrinum Piaget, 1880). Aatomithophilus albus, Emerson, 1948a. Ent. News, 59: 178, figs. 1-2 {nn for C. spinulosum minor Kellogg and Chapman, 1899). Aatomithophilus hrabei Balat, 1953. Zool. Ent. Listy, 2: 98 and 104, fig. 2. Aatomithophilus hirsutus Carriker, 1954. Florida Ent., 37: 139, fig. 1. 19 Type host: Erolia testacea (Pallas) — Curlew Sandpiper. New England hosts: Actitis macularis (Linnaeus) — Spotted Sandpiper. Calidpis canutus (Linnaeus) — Knot. Erolia mavatima (Brunnich) — Purple Sandpiper. Erolia melanotos (Vieillot) — Pectoral Sandpiper. Erolia minutilla (Vieillot) — Least Sandpiper. Erolia alpina (Linnaeus) — Dunlin. Ereunetes pusillus (Linnaeus) — Semipalmated Sandpiper. Crocethia alba (Pallas) — Sanderling. Male: Head typical of the genus, temples prominent; ocular emar- ginations rather deep; eyes large. Two long and 2 short setae on each lateral margin of the gular region. Thorax 3 segmented; mesothorax one-half the length of the metathorax. Prothoracic sternal plate with- out setae on the posterior margin. Four long setae on the posterior margin of the patch of spines on the venter of the 3rd femur. Female: Larger than the male but of the same general shape. Setae on the dorsum of the female are less numerous and all are larger than on the male. Specimens Host 1 9 Calidris canutus 1 slide Erolia alpina 1 ^" Crocethia alba 1 imm. tl M 1 9 Ereunetes pusill I 9 II II Locality Date Collector Phippsburg, Me. IX-1-1965 H. Tyler N. Eastham, Mass. X-30-1935 H.S. Peters Nahant, Mass. IX-24-191A USNM IX-2A-191A MCZ Madbury, N.H. IX-22-1964 J.E.K. Hampton, N.H. X-10-I964 J.E.K. Measurements: Female A. umbrinus from Ereunetes pusillus (L.) Head Length Head Width Prothorax Metathorax Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length .31 .43 .33 .45 1.18 .61 1.89 AMYRSIDEA Amyrsidea Ewing, 1927. J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 17: 90. Type species: Menopon ventrale Nitzsch, 1866. Argimenopon Eichler, 1947. Ark. Zool., 39A, No. 2: 5. Type species: Argimenopon polytrichum Eichler, 1947. Cracimenopon Carriker, 1954a. Novedades Colombianas, 1: 22. Type species: Cracimenopon mituensis Carriker, 1954a. Desumenopon Carriker, 1954a. Novedades Colombianas, 1: 25. Type species: Amyrsidea praegracilis Carriker, 1950. 20 Forehead reduced and evenly rounded in front; laterodorsal margin with shallow notch or narrow preocular slit; antennal fossae covered by a transversely sutured expansion of the head; antennae 5 segmented, the 3rd segment showing a suture at the base, the 5th segment elongate and cylindrical. Eyes absent. Gular plate well developed. Presternum with 2 median setae, mesosternum with more than 2 median setae. Legs with 1st tibia without spurs at distal end; 2nd and 3rd tibiae provided with tibial spurs. Third femora and sternites III-IV or V, IV-V or IV-VI with thick or scattered brushes of small and normal setae; sternites III and VII may have more scattered brushes; sternal brushes may be absent; abdomen with or without internal pleural thickening. Amyrsidea megalosoma (Overgaard, 1943) Menopon megatosomum Overgaard, 1943. Ent . Medd., 23: 13, figs. 5-6. Menopon nexapilosus Vrazic, 1956. Vet. Arhiv. Zagreb, 26: 121, 126, and 129. Type host: Phasianus cotahiaus Linnaeus — Ring-necked pheasant. Other New England host: Bonasa umbetlus (Linnaeus) — Ruffed Grouse. In the medial part of each abdominal segment a group of posteriorly directed long hairs are found. Two parallel rows of 4-6 long hairs are found on the posterior margin of the ventral aspect of the head. Lat- eral edges of the abdominal pleurites protruding and dark brown. Measurements of 10 a" and 10 9 (Averages) : Head Length Head Width Total Length .34 d .64 cT 1.83 cf .35 9 .68 9 2.19 9 Specimens Host Locality 1 slide Phasianus aolahicus Winchester, NH 3 slides Date Collector VII-20-1932 L.R.Nelson (USNM) W. Greenwich, RI IV-15-1958 J.A.Mathewson (USNM) AUSTROMENOPON Austromenopon Bedford, 1939. Onderstpoort J. Vet. Sci. Type species: Menopon oroaatwn Nitzsch, 1866. Australmenopon Conci, 1942. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., 74: Type species: Menopon cinevea Thompson, 1939. 12: 122. 30. Head about twice as broad as long; the laterodorsal margins without a preocular notch or slit; cavity between laterodorsal and lateroven- tral margins of head pouch-like and usually deep, with a basal thick- ening passing up to the laterodorsal margin and not roofed over distally by the fusion between dorsal and ventral margins. Antennae 4 seg- 21 merited. Prosternum with 2 median setae; prosternal plate without deeply serrated posterior (cf. Holomenopon) . Legs normal; hind femora with a few setae on the venter, not sufficiently numerous to form a brush; mid and hind tibiae with 3 setae, 2 or 3 spine-like on ventral apex. Abdomen elongate oval, with the tergal, sternal and paratergal plates well developed. Male genitalia with the basal plate short, narrow in front and gradually broadening towards the apex where it is expanded; parameres present. Austromenopon aegialitidis (Durrant) , 1906 Menopon aegialitidis Durrant, 1906. Ohio Nat., 6: 529, fig. Ic. Type host: Charadrius voaiferus Linnaeus — Killdeer. Other New England hosts: Charadrius semipatmatus Bonaparte — Seraipalmated Plover. Charadrius melodus Ord — Piping Plover. Described from a female collected at Fort Collins, Colorado. Measurements : Head Length .29 Head Width .48 Thorax Width .47 Total Length 1.30 Peters (1928) and Geist (1931) have reported this species from Ohio and Peters (1936) has reported it from Alabama, Louisiana, New Hampshire, South Carolina and Virginia. Emerson (1940) reports it from Oklahoma. Austromenopon alpinum Timmermann, 1954c Austromenopon alpinum Timmermann, 1954c. Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 5: 202, fig. 8. Type host: Erolia alpina (Linnaeus) — Dunlin. Timmermann (1954c) described this species from a o' calling it a small colorless species with the measurements: Head width 0.40, Head length 0.23, and Total length 1.17. Clay (1959) includes this species in the lutesoens group which includes A. lutesoens (Burmeister) from Phitomaohus pugnax, A. alpinum Timmermann from Calidris alpina, and the populations from Croaethia alba, Arenaria and Tringa. She states that, "Except for lutesoens, too little material of this group has been seen to make a decision on the status of these populations." Austromenopon atrofulvum (Piaget, 1880) Menopon atrofulvum Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 483, pi. 39, fig. 2. Menopon stemophilum Ferris, 1932. Bull. Bishop Mus . , 98: 59, fig. 12. Menopon fusco fas datum minor Piaget, 1937 (nee 1880). In Thompson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10), 20: 24. Actornithophilus leucopleurus Tuleshkov, 1959. Compt. Acad. Bulgare Sci. 12: 557, fig. 1. 22 Type host: Thalasseus bergi (Lichtenstein) • New England hosts: Sterna hirimdo Linnaeus — Common Tern. Sterma paradisaea Pontoppidan — Arctic Tern. Sterna dougallii Montagu — Roseate Tern. Sterna albifrons Pallas — Least Tern. Peters (1936) lists Menopon sp. from Sterna dougallii Montagu from Massachusetts. This is probably an Austromenopon atrofulvwn and is the only recorded mention of a collection from the New England area. Austromenopon corporosun (Kellogg and Kuwana, 1900) Menopon corporosum Kellogg and Kuwana, 1900. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 23: 158, pi. 7, fig. 5. Type host: Phalaropus futioarius (Linnaeus) — Red Phalarope. This species along with A. spencevi Timmermann from Lobipes lobatus (Linnaeus) — Northern Phalarope may eventually be found in New England. They are mentioned together because Clay (1959) states that, "There is insufficient material available to show whether A. spenceri Timmermann, 1956, can be separated from corporosum." Austromenopon durisetosum (Blagoveshtchensky, 1948) Menopon durisetosum Blagoveshtchensky, 1948. Mag. Parasit., Leningr., 10: 263, fig. 3. This species has not been recorded from the United States and be- yond the fact that it is parasitic upon the Common Snipe, I have no information concerning it. Austromenopon merguli Timmermann, 1954c Austromenopon merguli Timmermann, 1954c. Bonn. Zoll. Beitr., 5: 197. Type host: Plautus alle (Linnaeus) — Dovekie. When Peters (1936) recorded Holomenopon loomisii (Kellogg and Chapman) from the Dovekie in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina, he undoubtedly meant this species of Austromenopon. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 19 Plautus alle Mt. Desert, Me. XII-3-1934 A.E.B. 19 , 3cr It II Bar Harbor, Me. Xl-24-1932 A.E.B. 19 II II Durham, NH XII-7-1962 — 1 slide II It Gsterville, Mass. 1-21-1931 USNM Measurements : Id- 5 9 (Average) Head Length .22 Head Width .42 Prothorax Width .34 Metathorax Width — Abdomen Length .69 Abdomen Width .58 Total Length 1.15 .25 .48 .41 .50 .94 .70 1.56 23 Austromenopon nigropleurum (Denny, 1842) Menopon nigro-pleurim Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 200 and 224, pi. 20, fig. 1. Type host: Alca tarda Linnaeus — Razorbill. Austromenopon species from the Alcidae have many of the dorsal head setae spine-like (Clay, 1959). The Razorbill is an infrequent bird off the coast of New England in the winter months and this species could be collected in New England. Austromenopon phaeopodis (Schrank, 1802) Pediculis phaeopodis Schrank, 1802. Brief e Naturhistorischen, physikalischen und oekonomischen Inhaltes an Herrn Nau. Erlangen: 361. Menopon ambiguum Nitzsch, 1874. In Giebel, Insecta Epizoa: 295. Type host: Nunenius phaeopus (Linnaeus). Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 3? Numenius phaeopus Phippsburg, Me. IX-9-1965 H. Tyler Measurements : 3 ? Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Metathorax Width Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length Clay (1959) has erected a neotype of this species and gives an excellent figure of it. Austromenopon squatarolae Timmermann, 1954c Austromenopon squatarolae Timmermann, 1954c. Bonn. Zoll. Beitr. 5: 199. Type host: Squatarola squatarola (Linnaeus) — Black-bellied Plover. Timmermann (1954c) gives the following measurements: Head Length Total Length 0.25 1.35 0.28 1.85 The types of this species were collected in California in 1939. Austromenopon transversun (Denny, 1842) Menopon transversum Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 201 and 226, pi. 21, fig. 7. Menopon ridibundis Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 201 and 227, pi. 20, fig. 3. 24 .28 .27 .30 .51 .54 .57 .43 .42 .43 .51 .51 .55 1.02 1.09 1.23 .75 .78 .82 1.66 1.72 1.90 Head Wi. cf 0.46 9 0.56 Menopon obtusion Giebel, 1866. Z. ges. NatWiss., 28: 392. Menopon phaeopus Nitzsch, 1866. In Giebel, Z. ges. NatWiss., 28: 392. Menopon pachypus Piaget, 1888. Tijdschr. Ent . , 31: 161, pi. 4, fig. 4._ Menopon infrequens Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 161, pi. 15, fig. 5. Menopon lemniscatum Enderlein, 1908. Dtsch. sudpolar Exped. Zool. , 2: 456, pi. 62, figs. 203, 207, and 210. Type host: Rissa tridaatyla (Linnaeus) — Black-legged Kittiwake. New England hosts : Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus — Glaucous Gull. Lams marimus Linnaeus — Great Black-backed Gull. Larus argentatus Pontoppidan — Herring Gull. Larus delauarensis Ord — Ring-billed Gull. Larus atriailla Linnaeus — Laughing Gull. Larus Philadelphia (Ord) — Bonaparte's Gull. No extensive work has been done on the various populations infesting the various members of the Larinae perhaps due as much to lack of material as to lack of workers. Sufficient collecting is sure to reveal the presence of Austromenopon transversum on all members of New England Larinae. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Pagophila eburnea Boothbay Harbor, Me. 1-1-1952 A. 0. Gross (USNM) Austromenopon uriae Tiramermann, 1954c Austromenopon uriae Timmermann, 1954c. Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 5: 196, fig. 2. Type host: Uria aalge (Pontoppidan) — Common Murre. Despite its name the Common Murre is an uncommon bird in New England. I have never captured one to examine it for Mallophaga and I include it here because it is the type host of A. uriae and sufficient collecting will undoubtedly reveal its presence. BONOMIELLA Bonomiella Conci, 1942. Riv. Soc. Stud. Venezia Tridentina, 23: 1. Type species: Bonomiella insolitunguioolata Conci, 1942. Head slightly broader than long; laterodorsal margin with a shallow preocular notch backed by a narrow, sclerotized area. The termj.nal segment of the antenna is short and irregular in shape. Ventral surface of the posterior femur with 3 to 5 hair-like setae but no definite brush. Abdomen ovoid with scattered brushes of spine-like setae. Marked sexual dimorphism, the male being much smaller than the female. 25 Bonomiella colimbae Emerson, 1957a Bonomiella oolwnhae Emerson, 1957a. Florida Ent., 40: 60, figs, 1-3. Type host: Domestic Pigeon. Other New England host: Zenaidura macroura (Linnaeus) — Mourning Dove. Emerson (1957a) after examining 26 domestic pigeons, collected 9 specimens of B. oolumbae . These were from Leavenworth, Kansas. This is the only known collection of this species, to date, in the United States. I have examined 18 domestic pigeons from Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts and have found a single female of Bonomiella colwnbae in a collection made by R. L. Blickle, Portland, Maine, Feb. 10, 1958. The genus description will serve to identify this species. Measurements: Bonomiella oolwnhae Emerson, 1957a Head Length .28 Head Width .37 Prothorax Width .27 Pterothorax Width .45 Abdomen Length 1.23 Abdomen Width .87 Total Length 1.84 CICONIPHILUS Ciconiphilus Bedford, 1939. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Sci., 12: 141. Type species: Colpocephalum quadripus tulatum Burmeister, 1838. Anseriphilus Eichler, 1944b. Dtsch. Ent. Zeitr., 1943: 57. Types species: Colpocephalum pectiniventre Harrison, 1916. Head about 1/3 wider than long; anterior margin of forehead and temples rounded; ocular notch present, deep; eyes well developed; anten- nae 4 segmented; 2nd segment with a lateral expansion, 3rd segment narrow at base, apex large and broadly joined to the terminal segment; occipital margin concave; ocular blotches dark, well developed; oc- cipital blotches generally reduced, internal bands between the blotches faint unlike those of Colpocephalum. Prothorax wider than long with acute wings; anterior 1/3 with a dorsal transverse bar. Pterothorax much wider than long; lateral margins converging anteriorly. Legs normal, femora III with combs of setae on the ventral surface. Abdomen elongate-oval with well developed tergites, pleurites and sternites; terminal abdominal segment rounded; posterolateral angle of sternite III with 2 combs of spines. Price and Beer (1965) have recently revised this genus. 26 Ciconiphilus butoridiphagus Carriker, 1964. Ciconiphilus butoridiphagus Carriker, 1964. Rev. Brasil. Biol., 24: 104, fig. 23. Ciconiphilus melanolophi Price and Beer, 1965. Canad. Ent., 662, fig. 9. Type host: Butorides virescens (Linnaeus) — Green Heron. New England host: Butorides virescens (Linnaeus) — Green Heron. This species is very similar to C. decimfaseiatus (Boisduval and Lacordaire, 1835) except for the presence of 0-3 anterior setae on female abdominal tergites II-VI, whereas in C. decimfaseiatus there are more than 3. Ciconiphilus decimfaseiatus (Boisduval and Lacordaire, 1835) Liotheum decim fas datum Boisduval and Lacordaire, 1835. Faune Ent. Environs Paris: 123. Colpooephalum importunum Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 199 and 214, pi. 18, fig. 1. Colpocephalwn nyatarde Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 199 and 215, pi. 20, fig. 9. Colpocephalum obscurum Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 273. Menopon sulcatum Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 485, pi. 39, fig. 7. Colpocephalum importunum major Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 549 (nee 519) . Colpocephalum trochioxum minor Piaget, 1885 {nee 1880). Les Pediculines, Supplement: 128. Colpocephalum eastaneum Piaget, 1885. Les Pediculines, Supple- ment: 153, pi. 16, fig. 7. Colpocephalum laticeps Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 6: 149, pi. 12, fig. 8. Colpooephalum veratrus Kellogg, 1910. Wiss. Ergebn, Schwed. Zool. Exped. Kilimandjaro 3 Abt. 15: 52, pi. 7, fig. 9. Colpocephalum tamamurensis Uchida, 1926. J. Coll. Agric. Tokyo 9: 37, fig. 13. Colpocephalum boisduvali Eichler, 1937. Sitz. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin 1937: 96 (nn for C. importunum major Piaget, 1880). Pseudooolpocephalum doriabagla Ansari, 1951. Proc. Nat. Inst. India 17: 154, fig. 11. Ciconiphilus nyctardis hoactli Carriker, 1964. Rev. Brasil. Biol., 24: 100, figs. 11 and 12. Ciconiphilus nyctardis violaceus Carriker, 1964. Rev. Brasil. Biol., 24: 102, figs. 13 and 14. Ciconiphilus floridus Carriker, 1964. Rev. Brasil. Biol., 24: 104, figs. 21 and 22. Type host: Ardea einerea Linnaeus. New England hosts: Ardea herodias Linnaeus — Great Blue Heron. Casmerodius albus (Linnaeus) — Common Egret. Nyeticorax nyoticorax (Linnaeus) — Black-crowned Night Heron. Botaurus lentiginosus (Rackett) — American Bittern. 27 This species is recognized by the presence of weakly developed occipital nodi, the subocular comb of setae preceded by only 1 or 2 medium setae, presternum with a single pair of median setae, margin of metanotum with 10 long setae, metasternal plate with 8 to 10 setae, female without inner anal setae, male with fewer than 8 anterior setae on the majority of tergites II-VI, and female with abdominal tergites II-VI having more than 3 anterior setae. Measurements 39 Head Length .31 .36 .33 .36 Head Width .46 .63 .60 .58 Proth lorax Width .37 .42 .42 .41 Metathorax Width .42 .55 .49 .52 Abdomen Length .75 1.18 1.18 1 .11 Abdomen Width .63 .82 .76 .76 Total Length 1.26 1.86 1.74 1 .80 Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 39, Icf Ardea herodii IS Bar Harbor , Me. IX-1-1936 A.E.B. 19 Florida caevulea Winchester , NH X-17-1932 L.R.Nelson (USNM) C-iconiphilus Tpeatiniventrn-s (Harrison, 1916) Menopon peatinatum Neumann, 1912 {nee Osborn, 1902). Arch. Parasit., Paris, 15: 368, fig. 15. Colpoaephalum pectiniventre Harrison, 1916. Parasit., 9: 53 (nn for M. pectination Neumann, 1912). Colpocephalum pectiniventre parvtm Blagoveshtchensky , 1948. Mag. Parasit., Leningr., 10: 269, fig. 7. Type host: Domestic Goose. New England hosts: Branta canadensis (Linnaeus) — Canada Goose. Branta bemicla (Linnaeus) — Brant. This species is distinguished from all others of the genus by the presence of a very short seta as the 2nd seta from the margin of the metanotum and on abdominal tergite I. This species is found only on the subfamily Anserinae, the geese. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 cf 4 9 Branta canadensis Branta bemicla Newmarket, NH Hampton, NH X-16-1964 — XI-8-1964 B.Barrett 28 Measurements : 4 9 Head Length .27 Head Width .51 Prothorax Width .36 Metathorax Width .42 Abdomen Length 1.02 Abdomen Width .58 Total Length 1.71 .28 .30 .28 .28 .54 .54 .52 .54 .40 .40 .40 .40 .49 .51 .49 .51 1.24 1.29 1.26 1.24 .78 .78 * .90 1.95 2.04 2.02 1.95 *Abdomen ruptured along lateral margin. COLPOCEPHALUM Colpooephalum "^itzsch , 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent., 3: 298. Type species: Colpocephalum zebra Burmeister, 1838 (By designation by the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature) . Ferrisia Uchida, 1926. (nee Fullaway, 1923). J. Coll. Agri. Tokyo, 9; 43. Type species: Colpocephalum turbinatwn Denny, 1842. Neoaolpoaephalum Ewing, 1933. J. Parasit., 20: 65 (nn for Feyrisia Uchida, 1926). PseudoGolpoaephalum Qadri, 1936. Z. Parasit., 8: 640. Type species: Pseudoaolpoaephalwv uahidi Qadri, 1936. AlloGolpoaephalxm Qadri, 1939. Ind. J. Ent., 1: 66. Type species: Colpocephalum semicinctum Rudow, 1866 (A synonym of Colpocephalum fvegili Denny, 1842). Corvocephalum Conci, 1942. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., 74: 30. Type species: Colpocephalum subaequale Burmeister, 1838 (A synonym of Colpocephalum fregili Denny, 1842). Dimovphiv enter Eichler, 1944b. Dtsch. Ent. Zeitr., 1943: 60. Type species: Colpocephalum spineum Kellogg, 1899. Galligogus Eichler, 1947. Ark. Zool., 39A: 10. Type species: Colpocephalum appendiculatum Nitzsch, 1866. Liothella Eichler, 1947. Ark. Zool., 39A: 15. Type species: Colpocephalum leptopygus Nitzsch, 1874. Pelecanigogus Eichler, 1949a. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., 79: 12. Type species: Colpocephalum eucarenum Burmeister, 1838. Gain f errisia Ansarl, 1951. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 17: 150. Type species: Galliferrisia tausi Ansari, 1951. Picusphilus Ansari, 1951. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 17: 163. Type species: Cuculiphilus {Picusphilus) tirkhan Ansari, 1951. Gariamigogus Eichler, 1952a. Zool. Anz., 149: 76. Type species: Colpocephalum breve Giebel, 1866. Scopigogus Eichler, 1952a. Zool. Anz., 149: 77. Type species: Colpocephalum scopinum Mjoberg, 1910. Vulturigogus Eichler and Zlotorzycka, 1963. Acta Parasit. Polon. , 11: 205. Type species: Colpocephalum kelloggi Osborn, 1902. 29 Gypsigogus Eichler and Zlotorzycka, 1963. Acta Parasit. Polon. , 11: 212. Type species: Gypsigogus novoannus Eichler and Zlotorzycka, 1963. Lanicephalum Zlotorzycka, 1964. Acta Parasit. Polon., 12: 187. Type species: Alloaolpooephalym {Lanioephalvon) laniidorim Zlotorzycka, 1964. (Probably a synonym of C. fregili Denny, 1842). Head with pronounced ocular emarginations ; temporal lobes with square or flatly rounded, never tapering, ends. Laterodorsal margin of head with preocular notch or short, broad slit. Head with conspicuous dark brown or black sclerotized areas, 1 at each preocular notch, 1 at each proximal end of laterodorsal margin, and 1 pair on the occipital margin lined by a dark, transverse band and a lighter, transverse band to the preocular areas. Mesothorax short, length less than that of the pro- and metathorax taken together. Basal segment of each tarsus only slightly produced distally. Ventral surface of posterior femur, and some abdominal sternites, without definite patches of setae although combs of spines may be present. Mallophaga of moderate size but seldom exceeding 3 millimeters in length. Colpoaephalum bvachysomum Kellogg and Chapman, 1902 Colpocephalim brachysomum Kellogg and Chapman, 1902. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 10: 162, pi. 14, fig. 3. Colpocephalwi discrepans Kellogg and Chapman, 1902. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 10: 164, pi. 15, fig. 1. Kuvodaia keleri Emerson, 1961. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 74: 191, figs. 7-9. Type host: Asia flammeus (Pontoppidan) — Short-eared Owl. Other New England host: Bubo virginianus (Gmelin) — Great Horned Owl. This species was described from 2 9 from Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan) and 2 9 from Pluvialis dominioa (Muller) - an error. Colpoaephalum discrepans was described from 1 9 from Anous stolidus (Linnaeus) both of which are errors. Price and Beer (1963) have reviewed the species of Colpoaephalum infesting the Strigiformes and give the following measurements for this species : d 9 Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Metathorax Width Total Length 1.08 (Short Form) 1.47 (Short Form) 1.84 (Long Form) The long form is due to telescoping of the abdomen during mounting on microscope slides. The measurements are the averages of 4 males and 8 females . .35 .37 .56 .60 .38 .39 .46 .55 1.08 (Short Form) 1.47 1.59 (Long Form) 1.84 30 Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Asia flammeus Middletown, Conn. XI-15-1925 O.L.Austin, Jr. (USNM) CoZpocephalim flavescens (deHaan, 1829) Liothewn flavesaens deHaan, 1829. Mem. Mus . Hist. Nat. Paris, 18: 309. Type host: Haliaeetus albioilla (Linnaeus) New England hosts: Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus) — Golden Eagle. Haliaeetus leuooaephalus (Linnaeus) — Bald Eagle. Price and Beer (1963a) in their review of the ColpoaephaZym species parasitic upon the Falconif ormes , list the following features charac- teristic to the flavesaens group, which includes in addition to C. flavescens , C. napifoiwe Rudow, 1869, parasitic upon Buteo jamaiaensis (Gmelin) — Red-tailed Hawk: 1. Occipital setae all long. 2. Margin of prothorax with 5 long and 3 short setae each side. 3. Tergocentral setae with minute to short setae among much longer ones, 4. Abdominal segments of female essentially of same length. 5. Females lack anterior setae on abdominal tergites. 6. Anus of female oval, lacking inner setae (occasionally 1-2 dorsal inner setae set very close to dorsal fringe; no dorsal indentation). 7. Vulva broadly oval, without distinct lateral row of hooked setae. 8. Male abdominal tergite IX without anterior setae. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 2 ? Haliaeetus leucooophalus Bar Harbor, Me. VIII-7-1933 A.E.B. 1 slide " " Swan Island, Me. XII-22-1946 M.C.Meyer (USNM) 1 slide " " Waltham, Mass. XI-12-1921 R.H.Howe (USNM) 1 slide " " Newmarket, NH X-6-1894 F.B.Webster (USNM) Measurements : 2 9 (from Bar Harbor) Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Metathorax Width Total Length Colpocephalum nanum Piaget , 1890 Colpoaephalum nanum Piaget, 1890. Tijdschr. Ent, fig. 10. Type host: Unknown. New England hosts: Buteo lineatus (Gmelin) — Red-shouldered Hawk Buteo jamaiaensis (Gmelin) — Red-tailed Hawk. .36 .37 .61 .64 .40 .39 .54 .54 1 9 .99 0. Tij 2 dschr .19 . E 33: 257, pi. 10, 31 Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan) — Rough-legged Hawk. Aacipiter gentilis (Linnaeus) — Goshawk. Acaipiter cooperii (Bonaparte) — Cooper's Hawk. Price and Beer (1963a) include this species in their os&omi-group with 5 other species none of which are found in New England. Thus the following characteristics will serve for determining C. nanum: 1. Mid-dorsal head setae long. 2. Occipital setae all long. 3. Margin of prothorax with 5 long and 3 short setae on each side. 4. Abdominal tergites III-IX of 9 usually showing faint division into 2 or 3 parts. 5. Anus of female usually indented dorsally, always with ventral and usually with dorsal inner setae. 6. Vulva flattened, with prominent lateral row of hooked spines. 7. Male genitalia without lateral posterior projections on the genital sclerite; penis barbed. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 7? , 6cr Acoipter gentilis Stratton, Me. IX-9-1965 H.Tyler 1 slide Buteo lagopus Ipswich, Mass. X-18-1934 MCZ 1 slide Aoaiptev gentilis Martha's Vineyard, XI- -1927 USNM Mass. 2 ? " " Plum Island, Mass. Winter 1964-65 J.E.K. The M. C. Z. material contained specimens with the label Colpocephalun flavesaens . The determination was by Peters and these could be C. nanum Piaget, 1890. Colpocephalum turbinatum Denny, 1842 Colpoaephalum turbinatum Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 198 and 209, pi. 21, fig. 1. Colpocephalum oxyurum Nitzsch, 1861. In Giebel, Z. ges. NatWiss., 17: 519. Colpocephalum ailurum Nitzsch, 1861. In Giebel, Z. ges. NatWiss., 17: 522. Colpocephalum bicinctum Nitzsch, 1861. In Giebel, Z. ges. NatWiss., 17: 524. Colpocephalum tvicinctum Nitzsch, 1861. In Giebel, Z. ges. NatWiss., 17: 524. Colpooephllum longicaudum Nitzsch, 1866. In Giebel, Z. ges. NatWiss., 28: 392. Colpocephalum oaudatum Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 261. Colpocephalum oaudatum setosum Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines : 519. Colpocephalum dissimile Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 520. Colpocephalum intermedium Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 521 {nn for C. tricinctum Nitzsch, 1861). Colpocephalum sub flavesaens Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 571, pi. 48, fig. 2. Colpocephalum dissimile major Piaget, 1885 {nee 1880). Les Pediculines, Supplement: 119, pi. 13, fig. 2. 32 Colpocephalum caudatwn longipes Piaget, 1885 (nee 1880). Les Pediculines , Supplement: 125. Colpocephalum latifasciatim Piaget, 1885. Les Pediculines, Supplement: 130, pi. 14, fig. 2. Colpooephalum osbomi costaricense Carriker, 1903. Univ. Stud. Nebr., 3: 172. Colpooephalum abruptofasoiatum Mjoberg, 1910. Ark. Zool. 6: 36. fig. 23. Neoaolpoaephalun gypae Qadri, 1935. Zeit. Parasit., 8: 229, fig. 3. Neoeolpoaephalum tricinotum wetzeli Eichler, 1941. Arch. Naturgesch., B (n. f.), 10: 374, fig. 23. Vulturigogus eugenii Eichler and Zlotorzycka, 1963. Acta Parasit. Polon. , 11: 207, fig. 4 and pi. 1, figs. 2 and 3. Vulturigogus femellus Eichler and Zlotorzycka, 1963. Acta Parasit. Polon., 11: 209, pi. 1, fig. 4. Type host: Domestic pigeon. Other New England hosts: Haliaeetus leucoaephalus (Linnaeus) — Bald Eagle. Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus) — Marsh Hawk. Buteo jamaioensis (Gmelin) — Red-tailed Hawk. This is the only species of Colpocephalum placed in the turhinatum- group by Price and Beer (1963a) that is found on New England Falconiformes . The characteristics of this group are: 1. Mid-dorsal head setae long. 2. All occipital setae long. 3. Margin of prothorax with 5 long and 3 short setae on each side. 4. Female with abdominal tergite II longer than tergite III and with group of long median tergocentral setae. 5. Female with tergites III-IX tripartite. 6. Anus of 9 indented dorsally, with dorsal and ventral inner setae. 7. Vulva flattened, with pronounced lateral row of hooked setae. 8. Male genitalia with a pair of pointed latero-posterior projections on the genital sclerite; penis barbed. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 2 9 , 1 cf Circus cyaneus — — UNH Colpocephalum zerafae Ansari, 1955 Colpocephalum zerafae Ansari, 1955. Proc. VII Pak. Sci. Conf.,: 52. Also described as a new species in Ind. J. Ent . , 17 (1956): 399 and Ind. J. Ent., 18 (1957): 428. Colpocephalum falconii falconii Carriker, 1963. Mem. Soc. Cien. Nat. LaSalle, 23: 9, pi. lb, figs. 1, 3a, and 4c. Colpocephalum falconii caerulescens Carriker, 1963. Mem. Soc. Cien. Nat. LaSalle, 23: 11, pi. lb, fig. 4b, pi. 4, fig. 4. Colpocephalum falconii rufigularis Carriker, 1963. Mem. Soc. Cien. Nat. LaSalle, 23: 11, pi. lb, fig. 2; pi. 2, fig. 2a; pi. 4, fig. 3b. 33 Type host: Falco jugger J. E. Gray. New England hosts: Falao sparverius Linnaeus — Sparrow Hawk. Falao columbarius Linnaeus — Pigeon Hawk. This is the only species in the zerafae-gvoup erected by Price and Beer (1963a) found in New England. 1. Mid-dorsal head setae minute. 2. Occipital setae long. 3. Margin of prothorax with 5 long and 3 short setae each side. A. Female with abdominal tergites all essentially same length and un- divided. 5. Anus of female slightly indented dorsally, usually with both dorsal and ventral inner setae. 6. Vulva broadly rounded, with weak row of lateral hooked setae. 7. Male genitalia without latero-posterior projections on genital sclerite; penis without barbs and tapered at tip. CUCULIPHILUS CucuHphilus Uchida, 1926. J. Coll. Agri. Tokyo, 9: 47. Type species: Pedioulus fasoiatus Scopoli, 1763. Falcophilus Guimavaes, 1942. Pap. Avulsos , Dept. Zool. S. Paulo, 2: 241. Type species: Menopon altevnatim Osborn, 1902, Aegypiphilus Eichler, 1944. Dtsch. Ent . Zeitr. , 1943: 56. Type species: Aegypiphilus gypsis Eichler, 1944. Vulturiphilus Eichler, 1948a. Entomologist, 81: 251 (nn for Falcophilus Guimaraes , 1942) . Laterodorsal margin of head with deep, narrow, preocular slit. Terminal segments of antennae with definite indication of division into 2. Prosternum with 2 median setae. Combs of stout setae present on venter of posterior femur. Lateral margins of tergites with or without internal sclerotic buttresses. Two or more combs of setae present on each side of median line on abdominal sternites III-IV of female and abdominal sternites III-V of male. At the present time, there are no described species of this genus recognized as being on New England birds. CucuHphilus decoratum (Kellogg, 1896) Menopon decoratum Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 526, pi. 72, fig. 2. Type host: Unknown. The host record given by Kellogg, Elanus leucuvus ^ is an error. Emerson (1949a) changed the host record to Coocyzus americanus ocaidentalis Ridgway. Scharf and Price (1965) after studying specimens of CucuHphilus from Coccysus americanus americanus consider that the 34 members of the genus Cuculiphilus collected from the Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Cocoyzus conevicanus (Linnaeus) are not Cuculiphilus decovatum (Kellogg, 1896). I have collected 2 immature male Cuculiphilus sp. from a Yellow- billed Cuckoo in Durham, New Hampshire, June 1, 1964. This undescribed species is the only member of the genus known to occur on New England birds, although it is likely that with sufficient collecting a species will be found on the Black-billed Cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus (Wilson) . Cuculiphilus altematus (Osborn, 1902) Menopon altematim Osborn, 1902. Ohio Nat., 2: 175, pi. 2, fig. 1. Falcophilus coragypsis Eichler, 1948a. Entomologist 81: 251, figs. 1-7. Type host: Cathartes aura (Linnaeus) — Turkey Vulture. Other North American host: Coragyps atvatus (Bechstein) — Black Vulture. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 14? , 7d" Coragyps atratus Lincoln, Me. VI-17-1938 W.J.Clayton DENNYUS Nitzschia Denny, 1842 (nee Baer, 1827), Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 230. Type species: Nitzschia burmeisteri Denny, 1842. (A synonym of Pediculus hirundinis Linnaeus, 1761). Dennyus Neumann, 1906. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr . , 20 : 60. {nn for Nitzschia Denny, 1842). Takamatsuia Uchida, 1926. J. Coll. Agri. Tokyo, 9: 32. Type species: Takamatsuia major Uchida, 1926. Ctenodennyus Ewing, 1930. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus . , 77: 9. Type species: Dennyus {Ctenodennyus) spiniger Ewing, 1930. Shape of head characteristic; lateral margins continuous with eyes and slightly swollen above the base of the antennae. Temporal lobes somewhat expanded and quadrangular. Antennal fossae partly roofed over dorsally by expansion of the integument. Eye double, the 2 corneas appearing to be partially fused; occiput slightly concave. Prothorax rather narrow but pronotum expanded laterally into a pair of spine- bearing lobes; prosternal plate well developed with heavily sclerotized borders. Mesothorax small but usually distinct and separated from meta- thorax by a dorsal suture. First pair of legs short; other legs long. Femur I very short, frequently as broad as long; posterior femur very long with a patch of ventral setae. Abdomen long and quite narrow; pleurites typically with a marginal row of spines and a small tuft of long, hair-like setae. Abdominal tergites bare except for a posterior marginal row of setae. Some abdominal sternites with patches of setae about the size of those clothing the body. Genitalia of male sym- metrical with long, narrow, basal plate. Parameres free, clasper-like 35 and not united. Penis undeveloped. Genital region of female with sternites VIII and IX fused into a single large plate; lateral margin of vulva smoothly convex with corona of fine setae. This genus has been reviewed by Carriker (1954a) and Emerson and Pratt (1956). Dennyus dubius (Kellogg, 1896) Nitzsahia dubius Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci, pi. 73, fig. 6. Type host: Chaetura pelagiaa (Linnaeus) — Chimney Swift. 540, Kellogg (1896) described this species from specimens collected in Kansas. It has also been reported from Massachusetts, Maryland, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Virginia by Peters (1936); from North Carolina by Brimley (1938); from Quebec by Whitehead (1954) and Emerson and Pratt (1956) have seen specimens of this species from Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. Specimens Host 1 slide Chae- 1 slide II 1 slide II 2 slides II 1 slide .. 2 9, 2 cf M Chaetura pelagiaa Locality Liberty Hill, Conn. Newcastle, Me. Mt .Jefferson, Mass . N.Eastham, Mass. Durham, NH II II Date Collector V-20-? MCZ VIII-23-1948 S.C. Raven VIII-18-1871 MCZ VIII-1-1929 VIII-2-1921 VIII-9-1964 O.L.Austin (USNM) P.R.Lowry A.C.Borror This is the only species of the genus found in New England; there- fore, the description of the genus is sufficient to determine this species . Measurements : 2 d 2 9 Head Length .43 .45 Head Width .69 .70 Prothorax .42 .42 Metathorax Width .66 .67 Total Length 2.26 2.34 45 .45 73 .76 45 .46 76 .78 85 2.93 EIDMANIELLA Eidmaniella Keler, 1938a. Ann. Mus . Zool. Polon, 13: Type species: Menopon brevipalpe Piaget, 1880. 81. Head about twice as broad as long; laterodorsal margin of forehead with a narrow preocular slit. Pouch-like cavity between laterodorsal and lateroventral margins of preantennal region roofed over distally by 36 a fusion of these margins. Mandibles situated a short distance behind the anterior margin. Thorax normal; mesonotum short and separated from the metanotum. Prosternal plate with a median pointed process; pro- sternum with 2 median setae. Third femora with a brush of normal setae on the ventral surface. Second and 3rd tibiae with 3 spine-like setae at their apices. Abdomen elongately oval with tergal, sternal, and paratergal plates. Abdominal sternites IV-VI with brushes of normal setae, those on VI may be scattered. Male genitalia with short basal plate, narrowed anteriorly and gradually broadening toward the apex where it is strongly expanded; parameres present. Eidmaniella brevipalpis (Piaget, 1880) Menopon bvevipalpe Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines : 498, pi. 40, fig. 5. Menopon sigmoidalis Picaglia, 1885. Atti. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 28; 87. Type host: Phalaarooorax oarbo (Linnaeus) — Great Cormorant. No collections of this bird nor any data or records of this species of Mallophaga available. Eidmaniella pus tulosa (Nitzsch, 1866) Menopon pustulosum Nitzsch, 1866. In Giebel, Z. ges. NatWiss., 28: 393. Type host: Morus bassanus (Linnaeus) — Gannet. The only record found of this species in North America is by White- head (1954) from Quebec. I have made several collections of the Double- crested Cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus (Lesson), and have taken numerous specimens of Eidmaniella sp. from these birds. This is an undescribed species of mallophagan which I am now in the process of determining. EUREUM Eureum Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent . , 3: 301. Type species: Eureum cimicoides Burmeister, 1838. (By subsequent designation by Harrison, 1916. Parasitology, 9: 21). Avndtiella Eichler, 1948b. Naturwissenschaf tlichen Rundschau, 2: 81 {nn for Eureum Nitzsch, 1818). Distinguishable by its large, short, robust form. Head broader than long; forehead broadly curved, temporal lobes greatly expanded and angular, occiput deeply concave. Antennae small, the fossae partly covered by the lateral expansions of the head. There is no preocular notch or slit. Eye double, the 2 corneas partly fused. Prothorax enlarged, emarginate laterally and posteriorly. Prosternal plate well developed with heavily sclerotized lateral margins and bearing numerous hair-like setae. Mesothorax short, greatly reduced and separated from metathorax by a distinct dorsal suture often times not visible in mounted specimens. Metathorax large, lateral margins expanded pos- teriorly. First pair of legs short; 2nd and 3rd pairs longer. Femur 37 I very short; posterior femur with a patch of fine setae ventrally. Abdomen broad and short, paratergal plates with a marginal row of spines and setae and a small tuft of long hair-like setae. Tergites bare except for a single transverse row of closely set setae. Sternites V, VI, and VII with a patch of fine setae at each posterolateral angle. Male genitalia symmetrical with short, wide basal plate. Parameres short, clasper-like and free, extending posteriorly beyond preputial sac. Female genital region with sternites VIII and IX fused into a single, short plate; margin of vulva convex with a corona of fine setae. Mallophaga of the genus Eurewi are ectoparasitic on members of the family Apodidae (Swifts) of the order Apodiformes. This genus contains about 7 species, one of which is known to occur on a host found in New England. Euveum ewingi Eichler, 1942c "Eurewn ci-micoides Nitzsch" Ewing, 1930 {nee Burmeister, 1838). Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 2843, 77: 10, figs. 5 and 7e. Eureym ewingi Eichler, 1942c. Zool. Anz., 138: 179 {nn for "Euveum cimicoides Nitzsch" Ewing, 1930). Type host: Chaetura pelagica (Linnaeus) — Chimney Swift. No Eureum ewingi Eichler, 1942, were collected. HOHORSTIELLA Hohorstiella Eichler , 1940a. Zbl. Bakt . (I. Grig.), 145: 362. Type species: Menopon latum Piaget, 1880. Columbimenopon Ansari, 1951. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 17: 130. Type species: Columbimenopon modestim Ansari, 1951. Medium-sized Menoponidae with general characters of head as in Menaaanthus Neumann, 1912. Head wider than long, laterodorsal margin with deep, narrow preocular slit. Temporal lobes broadly rounded. Ventral surface of head with a pair of sclerotized, posteriorly pro- jecting short processes, deeply colored in adult specimens and with inwardly-curved tips. Distal anterior angle of 2nd segment of anten- nae greatly prolonged and rounded. Pro- and pterothorax of normal size and appearance. Legs large, especially posterior pair. Abdomen elongate-oval. Some abdominal pleurites in both sexes prolonged pos- teriorly. Posterior femur and abdominal sternites IV-V or III-VI with scattered or thick brushes of stout setae. Hohorstiella lata (Piaget, 1880) Menopon latum Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines : 457, pi. 37, fig. 1. Type host: Domestic Pigeon. This is the only known species of the genus found in New England. The only other possible host for this genus in this area is Zenaidura macroura (Linnaeus) — the Mourning Dove, however, the genus Hohorstiella has never been reported from it. The description of the genus will serve to place this Mallophaga to species. 38 .31 .39 .63 .69 .48 .49 .65 .79 1.14 1.27 .79 1.20 1.98 2.31 Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 2 9, Icf Domestic Pigeon Portland, Me. 11-10-1958 R.L.Blickle Measurements : <^ 2 9 Head Length .36 Head Width .60 Prothorax Width .40 Pterothorax Width .60 Abdomen Length .76 Abdomen Width .84 Total Length 1.63 HOLOMENOPON Holomenopon Eichler, 1941a. Stettin. Ent . Ztg., 102: 125. Type species: Menopon alhofasciatum Piaget, 1880. Laterodorsal margin of head with preocular notch or slit. Pouch- like cavity, usually deep, between laterodorsal and lateroventral mar- gins of head. Occiput with basal thickening passing forward to latero- dorsal margins of head. Prosternum with 2 median setae; prosternal plate with deeply serrated posterior margin. Posterior femur and abdominal sternites IV-V with scattered to moderately thick brushes of normal setae; sternites III and V may also possess brushes of scat- tered setae. Holomenopon olypeilargvim Eichler, 1943 ^^ Holomenopon clypeilargum Eichler, 1943a. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges., 33: 236, figs. 3-4. Type host: Anas acuta Linnaeus — Pintail. 1 have no information concerning this species of Mallophaga and no records of its being collected in New England. It is included since it should be found if enough collections are made. Holomenopon leucoxanthim (Burmeister, 1838) Menopon leucoxanthim Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent., 2: 440. Type host: Anas cveoa Linnaeus — Common Teal. The Common Teal is a casual visitor to New England. I have no records of Holomenopon leucoxanthum having been recovered from it in this area. Holomenopon loomisii (Kellogg, 1896) Menopon loomisii Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 162, pi. 15, fig. 6. Type host: Melanitta deglandi (Bonaparte) — White-winged Scoter. 39 28 .30 54 .56 43 - 52 - 05 - 76 .84 74 1.80 Kellogg (1896) described this species as follows: Head semilunar with evenly rounded front , shallow ocular emarginations , and rounded posterior angles; occipital margin concave; a small, black, ocular fleck, dark brown ocular blotch. Prothorax with produced lateral angles obtuse, bearing 2 spines and a long hair. Metathorax with divergent sides, not quite as wide as head, with flatly convex posterior margin bearing a series of long hairs. Abdomen ovate, with broad transverse bands across all segments separated by wide uncolored sutures. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 3 9 , 1 cf Melanitta deglandi Hampton, NH XI-2-1965 B.Barrett Measurements : d" 9 9 (Kellogg Type) Head Length .27 Head Width .52 Prothorax Width .42 Metathorax Width .46 Abdomen Length .79 Abdomen Width .64 Total Length 1.51 Holomenopon lunarium (Rudow, 1869) Menopon lunarium Rudow, 1869. Z. ges. NatWiss., 34: 402. Type host: Oidemia nigra (Linnaeus) — Common Scoter. I have not seen the original description of this species. However, I have collected 1 cT and 2 9 Holomenopon from Oidema nigra (Linnaeus) , Hampton, New Hampshire, November 20, 1963, which are probably referable to this species. Measurements : cf 2 9 Head Length .27 Head Width .45 Prothorax Width .34 Metathorax Width .46 Abdomen Length .88 Abdomen Width .69 Total Length 1.48 Holomenopon transvaalense (Bedford, 1920) Menopon africanum transvaalensis Bedford, 1920. Rept. Vet. Res. S. Africa, 7-8: 716. Holomenopon maxbeireri Eichler, 1954. Mh. Vet. Med., 9: 284, figs. 1-5. Type host: Domestic duck. 40 .27 .27 .54 .54 .43 .40 .54 .52 .26 1.14 .84 .78 .93 1.87 Emerson (1964) states that the type host of this species could be Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus or Cairina mosahata (Linnaeus), but believes it to be Anas platyrhynchos — Mallard. Aix sponsa (Linnaeus) — Wood Duck seems to be the most common host in this area. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Aix sponsa Lenox, Mass. — Cornell Coll. 1 slide " " Winchester, NH IX-22-1934 L.R.Nelson (USNM) KURODAIA Kurodaia Uchida, 1926. J. Coll. Agri. Tokyo, 9: 50. Type species: Colpoaephalum haliaetis Denny, 1842. Nosopoios Eichler, 1940a. Zbl. Bakt. (I. Grig.), 145: 363. Type species: Menopon fulvofasciatum Piaget, 1880. Conoiella Eichler, 1949a. Boll. Soc. Ent . Ital., 79: 11. Type species: Colpocephalim painei McGregor, 1912. Ululoecus Ansari, 1951. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 17: 160. Type species: CucuHphilus (Ululoeous) panjabensis Ansari, 1951. Laterodorsal margins of head with deep, broad or narrow preocular slit. Preantennal region laterally sinuate, swollen above bases of antennae. Temporal lobes broadly rounded. Prothorax winged anteriorly; mesothorax narrow and separated from metathorax by dorsal suture. Legs stout; ventral surface of posterior femur with 3 or 4 combs of stout setae. Abdomen robust, elongate-oval, with greatest width at segment IV. Sternite III with 2 or more combs of 1 to 6 setae laterally. Male genitalia large and complex. Female genital region with a row of setae on posterior margin of vulva. Kurodaia aaadioae Price and Beer, 1963b Kurodaia aaadioae Price and Beer, 1963b. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 56: 851, figs. 16-17. Type host: Aegolius aaadious (Gmelin) — Saw-whet Owl. Price and Beer (1963b) give the following characteristics for this species; distinctly different from all other Kurodaia in its head chaetotaxy. Both lateral head setae, near preocular angle, of equal length; 3 very long lateral, temporal setae, the anterior one being shorter than the other 2; dorsal seta usually near setae complex. Six to 7 metasternal setae; vulva with 16-22 marginal setae and 14-19 anterior setae. Postvulval plates each with 3-5 setae. Sternite III with 2 comb rows, the first being very weak, with one 2-4 setae. Kurodaia flarrmei Price and Beer, 1963b Kurodaia flammei Price and Beer, 1963b. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 56: 851, figs. 16 and 17. Type host: Asio flamneus (Pontoppidan) — Short-eared Owl. 41 Marginal prothoracic seta long, attaining half the length of the adjacent setae. Inner posterior setae on abdominal tergite IX usually of 3 or 4 medium setae, less often 2; all other Kurodata from New England typically have only 2 setae in this position. Plates posterior to the vulva with 4-5 setae on each. Metasternum with 5-6 setae. Kurodaia fulvofasciata (Piaget, 1880) Menopon fulvofasciatum Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 429, pi. 11, fig. 9. Colpoaephalum menoponoides Ewing, 1930. Proc. Ent . Soc. Wash., 32: 117. Ewcodaia taguatoi Eichler, 1952b. Zool. Anz., 149: 258, figs. 12-14. Type host: Buteo buteo (Linnaeus). New England hosts : Buteo jamaicensis (Gmelin) — Red-tailed Hawk. Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan) — Rough-legged Hawk. Buteo lineatus (Gmelin) — Red-shouldered Hawk. Buteo platypterus (Viellot) — Broad-winged Hawk. Circus cygnus (Linnaeus) — Marsh Hawk. Hdliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus) — Bald-Eagle. After examining quite a large number of hawks I must agree with Price and Beer (1963c) that aside from Kurodaia haliaeeti , lice of this genus are not very common on hawks. Kurodaia haliaeeti (Denny, 1842) Colpoaepha'lum haliaeeti Denny, 1942. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 199 and 216, pi. 19, fig. 1. Colpoaephalum paohygaster Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 264. Type host: Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus) — Osprey. Kurodaia haliaeeti is known only from the Osprey but it is by far the most common member of the genus to be found on the Falconiformes . The only Osprey examined was a study bird skin in the University of New Hampshire Collection. One male and one female Kurodaia haliaeeti (Denny, 1842) were taken. Measurements : cT 9 Head Length .30 .31 Head Width .58 .63 Prothorax Width .42 .45 Metathorax Width .52 .58 Abdomen Length .85 1.11 Abdomen Width .70 .87 Total Length 1.53 1.86 Kurodaia magna Emerson, 1960a Kurodaia magna Emerson, 1960a. Ent. News, 71: 169, figs. 1-3. Kurodaia eckoardsi Emerson, 1961. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 74: 190, figs. 3-4. Type host: Strix varia Barton — Barred Owl. Other New England host: Bubo virginianus (Gmelin) — Great Horned Owl. 42 Peters (1936) reports this on Bubo virginianus from Maine, Michigan, North Carolina, New York, South Carolina, and on Stvi-x varia from South Carolina. Brimley (1938) reports it on Bubo virginianus from North Carolina. Specimens Host 1 slide 19? , 5cf 5 ?, Acf Strix varia Bubo virginianus Strix varia Locality Acadia Park, Me. Lincoln, Me. Northwood, NH Date XI-21-1935 Jan. -June, 1941 X-11-1965 Collector A.E.B. W.J.Clayton A.H.Mason Kurodia painei (McGregor, 1912) Colpocephalum painei McGregor, 1912. Ent . News, 23: 305, fig. 1. Type host: Otus asio (Linnaeus) — Screech Owl. McGregor (1912) described this species from several specimens collected in Dallas, Texas. It has been reported, Peters (1936) from Washington, D. C. , and Judd (1953) from Ontario. Measurements of Type Male : Head Length Head Width Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length .39 .53 .75 .57 1.30 MACHAERILAEMUS Machaerilaemus Harrison, 1915. Parasitology, 7: 389. Type species: Machaerilaemus latifrons Harrison, 1915. Hirundoecus Ewing, 1930. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 77: 12. Type species: Hirundoecus americanus Ewing, 1930. Menoponidae with head more than twice as broad as long and without a preocular notch or slit; temporal lobes reduced, rounded; gular plate large, squarish with or without a central perforation and lateral processes. Prosternal plate well developed with more than 2 median setae; 3rd femora and all of the abdominal sternites without combs of setae but 1 or more spine-like setae may be present laterally on ab- dominal sternites. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus, Machaerilaemus americanus (Ewing, 1930) Hirundoecus americanus Ewing, 1930. art. 20: 13, fig. 6 and 7f. Type host: Progne subis (Linnaeus) — Purple Martin. 77: Described from a single female collected from the type host in New Mexico, May 25, 1927, by H. H. Kimball. This one specimen, as far as is known, is the only collection ever made of this species. The fact that the genus Machaerilaemus is quite rare and that the Purple Martin is an 43 uncommon bird in New England makes it highly unlikely that this species will ever be collected here. Machaerilaemus oomplexus Malcomson, 1937 Maahaerilaemus oomplexus Malcomson, 1937. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 30: 53, figs. 1-2. Type host: Spizella pusilla (Wilson) — Field Sparrow. This species is separated from the remaining members of the genus by the presence of a circular opening in the center of the gular plate and by the absence of a caudally pointing process on the same plate. Described from 4 females and 2 males collected from the type host in Pennsylvania. This is the only known collection of this species. Machaerilaemus maestus (Kellogg and Chapman, 1899) Menopon maestum Kellogg and Chapman, 1899. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci. , 6: 130, pi. 9, fig. 2. Type host: Zonotriohia atrioapilla (Gmelin) — Golden-crowned Sparrow. M. maestus has a gular plate without an opening and with more than 4 setae on each of its lateral margins and a metasternal plate with a short seta at each posterolateral angle. In addition to the type host, Emerson (1947) reports this species from Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Gmelin) — Rufous-sided Towhee , in Ohio, New Hampshire, New York, and South Carolina; from Junoo oreganis (Townsend) — Oregon Junco, in Oregon; from Pooeotes gramineus (Gmelin) — Vesper Sparrow, in Michigan; from Junco hyemalis (Linn.) — Slate-colored Junco, in New Hampshire; from Zonotriohia albicoZlis (Gmelin) — White- throated Sparrow, in South Carolina; and from Melospiza melodia (Wilson) — Song Sparrow, in New Hampshire. Since that time Machaerilaemus melospizae Emerson, 1954, has been described which may now include some of the above records. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Pipilo erythrophthalmus Durham, NH IV-28-1948 E.O.Hooghkirk 1 slide Junco hyemalis Westmoreland ,NH IV-13-1933 L.O.Shelley (USNM) For material from the Song Sparrow see under Machaerilaemus melospizae Emerson, 1954. I have collected a single female M. maestus from the Blue Jay, Cyanocitta cristata (Linnaeus), Durham, New Hampshire, August 2, 1964. This appears to be a new host record for this species of Mallophaga. Machaerilaemus malleus (Burmeister, 1838) Eureum malleus Burmeister, 1838. Handb . Ent., 2: 441. Type host: Hirundo rustica Linnaeus — Barn Swallow. 44 Kellogg and Chapman (1899) reported this species from a Cliff Swallow in California and Paine (1914) has collected a single female from the same location and host. These are the only published records of this mallophagan species in the United States. The Barn Swallow is a very common bird in New England and sufficient collecting will probably reveal this louse. Maahaerilaemus metospizae Emerson, 1954 Maohaerilaemus metospizae Emerson, 1954. J. Kansas Ent. Soc, 27: 45, fig. 1. Type host: Melospiza melodia (Wilson) — Song Sparrow. This species is similar to M, maestus (Kellogg and Chapman, 1899) but can be separated from it by the fact that M. metospizae has a meta- sternal plate with a long seta at each postero-lateral angle. The USNM Collection contains a slide of this species collected at Westmoreland, New Hampshire, by L. 0. Shelley, April 13, 1933. This appears to be the only collection of this species in New England. MENACANTHUS Menacanthus Neumann, 1912. Arch. Parasit., 15: 353. Type species: Menopon robustum Kellogg, 1896. Neumannia Uchida, 1926. {nea Trouessart, 1888). J. Coll. Agri. Tokyo, 9: 27. Type species: Neumannia okadai Uchida, 1926. Eomenacanthus Uchida, 1926. J. Coll. Agri. Tokyo, 9: 30. Type species: Menopon biseriatum Piaget, 1880. (A synonym of Menopon stramineum Nitzsch, 1818). Uchida Ewing, 1930b. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 43: 125. (nn for Neumannia Uchida, 1926). Zemiodes Eichler, 1944a. Z. hyg. Zool., 35: 172. Type species: Zemiodes zumpti Eichler, 1944a. (A synonym of Menopon stramineum Nitzsch, 1818). Species referable to this genus are similar in size, shape and ap- pearance to those of the genus Menopon Nitzsch, 1818. In Menacanthus the anteroventral surface of the head bears a pair of large, spine-like processes directed backward and downward. Posterior femur with or without patches of setae on the ventral surface. Abdomen elongate- oval, that of female wider and more robust than that of male. Abdominal sternites either with brushes or marginal spine-like setae at postero- ventral angles prolonged posteriorly. Male genitalia with large basal plate; parameres free with tips turned outward apically. Clay (1938) hesitated to give generic characters because the genus needs consider- ably more detailed study. 45 Menaaanthus alaskensis (Kellogg and Chapman, 1902) Menopon alaskensis Kellogg and Chapman, 1902. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 10: 27, pi. 3, fig. 5. Type host: Pinioola enucleatov (Linnaeus) — Pine Grosbeak. Described from many specimens collected from Pinioola enucleator, Kadiak Island, Alaska. Measurements : ? Head Length .30 Head Width .45 Abdomen Width .60 Total Length 1.60 Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 18 9, 6 d Pinioola enuoleatov Bar Harbor, Me. 1-9-1940 A.E.B. Menaoanthus aurooapillus Carriker, 1958 Menaaanthus aurooapillus Carriker, 1958. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 60: 172, fig. 6-8. Type host: Seiurus aurooapillus (Linnaeus) — Ovenbird. The types were collected at Fort Meade, Anne Arundel County, Maryland, July 21, 1955. Carriker (1958) states that this species is an unusual member of the genus Menaoanthus , resembling in some ways , especially the shape of the head, the genus Maohaerilaemus . The ven- tral head spines are poorly chitinized and are set at an unusual dis- tance behind the bases of the mandibles. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 39 , 2 cf Seiurus aurooapillus Durham, NH VIII-4-1965 P.Sawyer Menaoanthus annulatus (Giebel, 1874) Menopon annulatum Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 285. Type host: Passer domestious (Linnaeus) — House Sparrow. The only report I have of this species is Judd (1953). Menaaanthus oamelinus (Nitzsch, 1874) Menopon aamelinum Nitzsch, 1874. In Giebel, Insecta Epizoa: 288, pi. 15, fig. 3. Menaaanthus dudiyalatora Ansari, 1951. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 17: 143, figs. 7 a-k. Type host: Lanius exoubitor Linnaeus — Northern Shrike. I have not seen the original description of this species but Ansari (1951) gives the following description: Female - Head broad slightly less than twice as broad as long; front rounded, 2 short hairs on each side of meson; lateral margins with a small and 3 long hairs; ocular slit distinct; temples swollen, occipital margin slightly concave; gular 46 plate quadrate, each side with 4 long hairs, the posterior one being the longest. Prothorax large, lateral angles each with a spine and a long hair; lateral margin slightly convex, each bearing a spine and a long hair; posterior margin nearly straight, bearing 3 long hairs on each half. Mesothorax reduced; metathorax short, broader than prothorax, posterior angle with 2 spines; posterior margin almost straight, bearing 5 long hairs and a spine on each half. Abdomen broadly elliptical, widest at segment IV-V. Male similar to female but smaller. Menaaanthus ohrysophaeus (Kellogg, 1896) Colpocephalum ahrysophaeum Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif, 6: 520, pi. 71, fig. 1. Type host: Melospiza melodia (Wilson) — Song Sparrow. Acad. Sci, Measurements of Kellogg 's specimens: d Head Length Head Width Abdomen Width Total Length .25 .28 .40 .50 .50 .70 1.09 1.35 This is the most common mallophagan collected from the Sparrow. Song Specimens Host 1 1 9 slide 1 1 1 5 1 slide slide 9 9, Id slide 9 1 9, 8 cT slide 1 9 1 slide Locality Melospiza melodia Cape Cod, Mass. " " Groton, Mass. Taunton, Mass. Durham, NH Peterboro, NH Weare, NH Westmoreland ,NH Date IV-8-1938 IV-10-1938 IV-13-1938 V-17-1938 V-31-1948 IV-10-1933 IV-13-1964 IV-4-1931 " " IV-1-1935 Wells River, Vt . IV-10-1935 Collector C.M.Herman W.P.Wharton (USNM) K.E.Hyland E.O.Hooghkirk C.L. Whittle (USNM) J.E.K. L.O.Shelley (USNM) II II II W.P.Smith (USNM) Menaaanthus colaptis (Durrant, 1908) Menopon colaptis Durrant, 1908. Ohio Nat., 8: 355, fig. Ih. Type host: Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus) — Yellow-shafted Flicker. Described from 12 specimens collected at Columbus, Ohio. Peters (1936) reports this species from New Hampshire and Virginia, and Whitehead (1954) reports it from Quebec. 47 Measurements of Durrant's specimens: .27 .27 .59 .58 .78 .74 1.54 1.82 Locality Date Collector Head Length Head Width Abdomen Width Total Length Specimens Host 8 9, 3cr Colaptes auratus Bartlett, NH IX-25-1964 J.E.K. 19, 4cf " " Dover, NH IX-18-1964 J.E.K. 19, 2d' " " Lee, NH X-4-1964 J.E.K. Menacanthus cormutus (Schommer, 1913) Menopon comutum Schommer, 1913. Uber die Mallophagen: 64 and 71, pi. 7, fig. 29. Type host: Chicken. Menacanthus pallidulus - (Neumann, 1912) Menopon pallidulum Neumann, 1912. Arch. Parasit., 15: 361, figs. 7-9. Type host: Chicken. These 2 species from the chicken are mentioned together because I have no data on either mallophagan. I did no active collecting of ectoparasites of domestic birds and have collected neither of these species. Both of these may have been taken on Old World Galliformes and are much less common on chickens than Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch, 1818). Emerson (1956) was the first to report M. comutus from the United States. Menacanthus expansus (Osborn, 1896) Menopon expansum Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n. s.), 5: 245, pi. 2, fig. j. Type host: Dolychonyx oryzivorus (Linnaeus) — Bobolink. Osborn (1896) describes Menacanthus expansus as follows: Abdomen very broad, ovate. Head with sinuous margin and very deeply emarginate occiput; orbital sinus entirely covered; temporal lobes with 2 long bristles and 2 or 3 short hairs ; prothorax nearly as broad as head and closely fitting into the occipital cavity, the lateral angles in contact with temporal lobes; posterior margin semicircular; metathorax short, rounded in front, with 2 bristles at the lateral angles; legs robust, femora very large, irregularly set with short hairs; abdomen nearly as broad as long, uniformly yellowish brown, margins of segments above with a closely set series of hairs which are longer at the lateral angles posteriorly, and the entire ventral surface irregularly set with short hairs arising from minute clear pustules. Length, 1.31; head, 0.18; abdomen, 0.80 Width, head, 0.47; abdomen, 0.80. 48 Menacanthus meniscus (Piaget, 1880) Menopon meniscus Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines : 447, pi. 36, fig. 7. Type host: Calcarius lapponicus (Linnaeus) — Lapland Longspur. No information concerning this species in New England is available. Menacanthus mutdbilis Blagoveshtschensky , 1940 Menacanthus mutabilis Blagoveshtschensky, 1940. Mag. Parasit., Leningr., 8: 31 and 78, fig. 5. Menacanthus himalayicus Ansari, 1951. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 17: 148, figs. 9a-f. Menacanthus hopkinsi Eichler, 1953b. Beitrage zur Vogelkunde, 3: 172 (nn for M. mutabilis Blagoveshtschensky, 1940). Type host: Sturmus vulgaris Linnaeus — Starling. During the course of this study, I have made 61 collections of Sturmus vulgaris and have found 1 Amblyceran (Menacanthus mutabilis) and 1 Ischnoceran (Bruelia nebulosa) to commonly infest this bird. The Starling is the host also for Myrsidea cucullaris and Sturmidoecus sturni , however, I have not been able to find either of these species. I have collected both Menacanthus mutabilis and Bruelia nebulosa off the same bird in 6 of 61 collections with Bruelia always being the more numerous . Measurements: Menacanthus mutabilis, 5 d" Head Width .48 .48 .48 .48 .46 Prothorax Width .37 .37 .37 .37 .34 Total Length 1.54 1.51 1.45 1.47 1.36 Measurements: Menacanthus mutabilis, 5 9 Head Width .57 .55 .48 .57 .55 Prothorax Width .43 .45 .37 .43 .43 Total Length 1.90 1.80 1.41 1.92 2.07 Menacanthus perforatus (Piaget, 1880) Menopon perforatum Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 453, pi. 42, fig. 9. Type host: Eremophila alpestris (Linnaeus) — Horned Lark. The Horned Lark is not a common bird in New England and I could find no published reports of this species being collected in the United States. Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch, 1818) Pediculus meleagridis Panzer, 1793. {nee Linnaeus, 1758). Faun. Ins. Germ.: 51, fig. 20. Menopon stramineum Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent . , 3: 300 {nn for P. meleagridis Panzer, 1793). Menopon biseriatum Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 469, pi. 37, fig. 2. 49 Zemiodes zumpti Eichler, 1944. Z. hyg. Zool., 35: 172, fig. 1. Type host: Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus — Turkey. Other New England host: Domestic Chicken. This is the common "chicken body louse" which infests chickens, turkeys, and often times pheasants and Ruffed Grouse when they are raised in association with chickens. As mentioned previously, I did not actively collect Mallophaga from chickens but the University of New Hampshire has several specimens of this species from the chicken. Durham, N. H. Jan. 31, 1922 P. R. Lowry Durham, N. H. Jan. 27, 1944 G. L. Walker Durham, N. H. May 1, 1948 A. C. Corbet t Durham, N. H. Sept. ? 1952 R. L. Blickle Durham, N. H. Dec. 9, 1957 Coll. ? Piermont, N. H. Jan. 8, 1964 Coll. ? Emerson (1956a) uses the following key to differentiate the three species of Menaoanthus parasitic upon chickens. 1. Abdominal tergites III-VII each with two transverse rows of setae 2 Abdominal tergites III-VII each with one transverse row of setae Menaoanthus pallidulus 2. More than 2 mm in length. Numerous short setae scattered on dorsum of meso-metathorax Menaoanthus stramineus Less than 2 mm in length. Dorsum of meso-metathorax with a few short setae on the lateral margins Menaoanthus oomutus Menaoanthus tenuifrons Blagoveschtchensky , 1940 Menaoanthus tenuifrons Blagoveschtchensky, 1940. Mag. Parasit., Leningr., 8: 37, and 81, fig. 10. Type host: Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus) — Winter Wren. No information concerning this species in New England is available. MENOPON Menopon Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent., 3: 299. Type species: Menopon galtinae Linnaeus, 1758. (By subsequent designation by Johnston and Harrison, 1911, Proc. Linn. Soc . N. S. W., 36: 327). Head wider across rounded temporal lobes; laterodorsal margin with or without narrow preocular slit. Antennal fossae covered above by lateral expansions of margin of head. Forehead without ventral spine- like processes. Antennae short, first 2 segments truncated, conical; 50 2nd segment rarely with a short appendage; 3rd segment usually pedicu- lated and goblet-shaped, receiving the spherical, ovoid or cylindrical 4th segment which is invariably the largest. Prothorax distinct, smaller than head; mesothorax fused with metathorax. Legs long, ventral surface of posterior femur and abdominal sternite IV with thick brushes of small setae. Sternite V may have indefinite brushes of 3 to 6 setae. Abdomen with internal pleural thickening. Individuals interested in this genus should consult the works of Ferris (1924) , who revised the family Menoponidae, and Emerson (1954a), who reviewed the known species of the genus. The only member of this genus found in New England is Menopon gallinae (Linnaeus), the "shaft louse" of chickens. Collections of this species are numerous. MYRSIDEA Myvsidea Waterston, 1915a. Ent. Mon. Mag., 51: 12. Type species: Myrsidea victvix Waterston, 1915a. Acolpoaephalum Ewing, 1927. J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 17: 88. Type species: Aoolpocephalum brevipes Ewing, 1927. Australmenopon Conci, 1942. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., 74: 30. Type species: Menopon oinerea Thompson, 1939. Allomyrsidea Conci, 1942. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., 74: 31. Type species: Myrsidea struthidea Thompson, 1939. Corvomenopon Conci, 1942. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., 74: 31. Type species: Menopon robsoni Cummings, 1914. Ramphastiaola Carriker, 1949. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 9: 305. Type species: Ramphastiaola hirsuta Carriker, 1949. Aloediniphilus Ansari, 1951. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 18: 189. Type species: Myrsidea (Aloediniphilus) kuluensis Ansari, 1951. Myrsidella Eichler, 1951a. Zool. Anz., 146: 49. Type species: Menopon aonsimilis Piaget, 1885. Densidea Zlotorzycka, 1964. Acta Parasit. Polon. , 12: 171. Type species: Menopon rustiaa Giebel, 1874. Vulgidea Zlotorzycka, 1964. Acta Parasit. Polon., 12: 172. Type species: Menopon ouaullaris Nitzsch, 1818. {nn for Redi's "Pollino del Storno bianco") . Liquidea Zlotorzycka, 1964. Acta Parasit. Polon., 12: 173. Type species: Liquidea proterva Zlotorzycka, 1964. Lanimenopon Zlotorzycka, 1964. Acta Parasit. Polon., 12: 177. Type species: Lanimenopon abhorrens Zlotorzycka, 1964. Eichlerinopon Zlotorzycka, 1964. Acta Parasit. Polon., 12: 179. Type species: Eichlerinopon celeripes Zlotorzycka, 1964. Neomyrsidella Zlotorzycka, 1964. Acta Parasit. Polon., 12: 182. Type species: Neomyriidella usitata Zlotorzycka, 1964. Head broader than long, forehead rounded, temporal lobes prominent with anterior margins set at nearly right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body. Gular and prosternal plates well developed. Thorax distinctly 3-segmented; metathorax frequently modified and produced posteriorly. Both sexes with a group of long, stout or spine-like 51 setae on each posterolateral angle of enlarged abdominal sternite II. Posterior femur and abdominal sternites with or without brushes of setae ventrally. Male genitalia with basal plate moderately long, continuous distally with a broad, rounded lamina at base of which are affixed stout, apically incurved parameres. In size and outward appearance this genus is similar to Dennyus Neumann, 1906. Throughout the genus there is, according to Ferris (1916), an inherent tendency to vary. This is one of the largest genera of the Menoponidae. It contains 87 described species, 14 of which have been reported from birds known to occur in New England. Members of this genus are ectoparasites of birds belonging to the order Passeriformes . Myrsidea cucullaris (Nitzsch, 1818) Menopon oucuZtare Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent., 3: 300 {nn for Redi's "Pollino del Storno Bianco"). Type host: Sturmus vulgaris Linnaeus — Starling. There is a figure of the female and a photograph of the male in Clay and Hopkins (1960). Myrsidea emersoni Clay, 1966 Myrsidea emersoni Clay, 1966. Bull. Brit. Mus . (N. H.), Ent., 17: 346, figs. 28 and 65. Type host: Turdus migratorius Linnaeus — Robin. Similar to M. incerta (Kellogg, 1896) in having tergite I unmodi- fied but it may be separated from incerta by tergites II and III which are produced posteriorly. Pronotum usually with 6 long setae on the posterior margin. Sternite III with 1-3 anterior median setae. Female with 2 short and fine posterior setae of tergite IX. In the male the tergocentral setae of VIII are long, extending beyond the end of the abdomen. The distance from the base of these setae to the end of the abdomen is approximately the same as the distance they extend beyond the end of the abdomen. Myrsidea inoerta (Kellogg, 1896) Menopon incertvm Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 533, pi. 73, fig. 2. Myrsidea scabrei Ansari, 1956b. Pakistan J. Health 5: 167, figs. 4a-e. Type host: Hylooiehla ustulata (Nuttall) — Swainson's Thrush. Kellogg described the type from a collection made in California. Other reports of this species, all from the Hermit Thrush, are Geist (1931) from Ohio; Stanford (1932) from Utah; Peters (1936) from Alabama, North Carolina, and New York; and Brimley (1938) from North Carolina. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 6 9 , Id" , 1 imm. Hylooiehla ustulata Bar Harbor, Me. VI-1-1938 A.E.B. 1 slide Spinus tristis Cambridge, Mass. IV-29-1915 G.K.Noble (MCZ Coll.) 52 Measurements : d F d (Kellogg) 9 9 (Kellogg) 27 .28 .28 .31 39 .44 .43 .44 24 — — — 34 — .42 — 42 .48 .58 .50 21 1.16 1.50 1.34 Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Metathorax Width Abdomen Width Total Length Myrsidea intevrupta (Osborn, 1896) Menopon inturruptum Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent . (n. s.) 5: 245, pi. 2, fig. h. Menopon mesoteuaum amerioanim Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. , 6: 539, pi. 73, fig. 3. Type host: Covus brachyrhynchos (Brehm) — Common Crow. This species may be recognized by the female's having the meta- thorax produced and curving back over the dorsum of the abdomen whereas in the male the metathorax is straight. The abdominal blotches of the first 3 segments in the female are broken and interrupted, in the male they are complete. This species is common and has been reported from Iowa, Kansas, California, Ohio, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, New York, and Washington, D. C. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Corvus braohyvhynahos Middletown,Conn. XI-6-1925 1 slide 1 slide 1 slide 109 , 3 3 9 d Mt . Carmel, Conn. N. Haven, Conn. Edgartown, Mass. Durham, NH Hanover, NH Lee, NH Wakefield, NH 0. L.Austin, Jr. (USNM) III-28-1943 G.H. Plumb III-27-1937 G.H. Plumb H.K.Gouk,Jr. (USNM) E.O.Hooghkirk Cornell Univ. IX-7-1964 G.L.Walker IX-14-1964 G.L.Walker VI-30-1930 11-7-1948 Myrsidea latifvons (Carriker, 1910) Nitzsahia latifrons Carriker, 1910. In Carriker and Shull, Ent. News, 21: 56, pi. 5, fig. 4. Nitzsahia piageti Kistiakowsky , 1926 {nea Harrison, 1916). Zool. Anz. ,68: 11, fig. 2. Type host: Riparia riparia (Linnaeus) — Bank Swallow. Described by Carriker from a collection in Michigan. This species has also been reported by Peters (1928) from Ohio and Peters (1936) from South Carolina. 53 Measurements: d* (Carriker Type) 9 Head Length .32 Head Width .43 Abdomen Width .53 .62 Total Length 1.45 1.60 Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 59,2 imm. Riparia ripavia Passadumkeag ,Me. VI-16-1938 A.E.B. Id* , 3 imm. " " Kingston, Rl VlI-18-1962 A.Hawkes The species from Rhode Island was probably latifrons but the material was unmounted making a positive identification very difficult. Myrsidea latifrons (Carriker, 1910) is the only known amblyceran infesting this species of bird. Myrsidea major (Piaget, 1880) Menopon quadrafasaiatim major Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 441. Type host: Pleatrophenax nivalis (Linnaeus) — Snow Bunting. I can find no records of this species having been collected in the United States. Myrsidea melanorum (Kellogg, 1896) Menopon melanorum Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 532, pi. 73, fig. 1. Type species: Pleatrophenax nivalis (Linnaeus) — Rufous-sided Towhee. Kellogg described this species from a collection made in Kansas. Peters (1936) records it from Alabama, Florida, New York, South Carolina, and Virginia. Female — Body, length 1.37 mm, width .56 mm; pale golden brown, with a black occipital margin to head. Head length .31 mm, width .47 mm, front rounded, temples broad, rounded, occipital margin con- cave, straight in middle, with 2 rather long and 2 short hairs. Prothorax with slightly produced blunt lateral angles bearing 3 spines; nearly straight posterior margin with 4 rather long hairs. Metathorax with slight lateral emargination, a spine and a very long hair in the posterior angles and 8 weak hairs along the posterior margin. Abdomen short, broad, ovate; a single very long hair and a spine in posterior angles of segments (Kellogg, 1896). Myrsidea palloris (Carriker, 1903) Menopon palloris Carriker, 1903. Univ Stud. Nebr. , 3: 189, pi. 8, fig. 3. _ Type host: Stelgidopteryz ruficollis (Vieillot) — Rough-winged Swallow. I have no data on this species of Myrsidea. 54 Myrsidea pricei Clay, 1966 Myrsidea prioei Clay, 1966. Bull. Brit. Mus . (N. H.), Ent., 17: 351, figs. 31 and 49. Type host: Hylociahla guttata (Pallas) --Hermit Thrush. This species is very similar to M. inaerta but generally individuals tend to be slightly larger and can be separated by the first 2 tergites convex and produced posteriorly. The outer tergocentral setae of VII and VIII in the male are half the length of those in M. inaerta and the setae of pleurite VIII are longer. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 9 Hylociahla guttata Albany, NH VIII-4-1964 J.E.K. Myrsidea quadrifasaiata (Piaget, 1880) Menopon quadri fas datum Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 440, pi. 35, fig. 6. Type host: Passer domestiaus (Linnaeus) — House Sparrow. I could find no records of this species being collected in the United States. Myrsidea quadrimaaulata (Carriker, 1902) Colpoaephalum quadrimaculatum Carriker, 1902. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 10: 223, pi. 21, fig. 4. Type host: Loxia aurvirostra Linnaeus — Red Crossbill. Described from a single male collected in Nebraska in 1901. There appear to be no published records of its collection in the United States since that time. Carriker (1902) says that it is readily recognized by the bold blackish bands on the ventral surface of the thorax, which show nearly as plainly from above as below. Measurements of Type Male: Head Length .27 Head Width .41 Abdomen Width .49 Total Length 1.17 Myrsidea ridulosa (Kellogg and Chapman, 1899) Menopon ridulosum Kellogg and Chapman, 1899. Occ. Pap, Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 135, pi. 9, fig. 4. Type host: Dendroiaa petechia (Linnaeus) — Yellow Warbler. The species was described from specimens collected in California. The only other record is from Utah, Stanford, 1932. Myrsidea rustiaa (Giebel, 1874) Menopon rusticum Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 288. Nitzsohia femuralis Kistiakowsky , 1926. Zool. Anz., 68: 10, fig. 1. Type host: Hirundo rustiaa Linnaeus — Barn Swallow. 55 This is a common species of Mallophaga and it is often found on the Barn Swallow. Osborn (1896) reports it from Iowa, Geist (1931) from Ohio, Peters (1936) from Vermont and Emerson (1940) records it from Oklahoma. Specimens Host Locality 1 slide Hirundo rustioa Groton, Mass. 2 9, Icf , 1 imm. " " Albany, NH 1 imm. " " Portsmouth, NH Date VI-14-1938 IV-15-1964 VI-23-1965 Collector ? (USNM) J.E.K. B.Barrett Measurements : 2 9 Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Metathorax Width Abdomen Width Total Length .30 .45 .30 .42 .73 1.38 .30 .33 .48 .46 .30 .28 .45 .45 .93 1.03 1.60 1.75 Myrsidea troglodyti (Denny, 1842) Menopon troglodyti Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit. pi. 18, fig. 7. Type host: Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus) — Winter Wren 220 and 201, I have found no published records of the collection of this species of Myrsidea in the United States. PIAGETIELLA Tetrophthalmus Grosse, 1885 (nee Hope, 1845). Z. wiss. Zool., 42: Type species: Tetrophthalmus ahilensis Grosse, 1885 (A synonym of Piagetiella bursaepeleoani (Perry, 1876). Piagetia Picaglia, 1884 (nee Ritsema, 1874). Atti. Soc. Nat. Hist. Modena, 2: 104. Type species: Piagetia ragazzii Picaglia, 1884 (By subsequent designation by Harrison, 1916, Parasitology, 9; 24). Piagetiella Neumann, 1906. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., 20: 60 {nn for Piagetia Picaglia) . 534. Head broader than long, laterodorsal margin with deep, narrow preocular slit. Temporal lobes very much expanded and rounded. Antennae lying in spherical excavations of dorsal margins of head, partly covered by laterodorsal margins. Gular and prosternal plates well developed. Presternum with more than 2 median setae. Abdomen narrow, very elongate, sternite III with 2 or more combs, sternite IV with or without combs. These are large Mallophaga; males range from 3.8 to 5 millimeters in length. 56 Members of this genus inhabit the inside of the pouch of pelicans and cormorants. In New England, at present, there are no described species from the Great Cormorant or the Double-crested Cormorant, the only hosts for this genus found in this area. PSEUDOMENOPON Pseudomenopon Mjoberg, 1910. Ark. Zool., 6: 50. Type species: Menopon tridens Burmeister, 1838 (A synonym of Pseudomenopon pilosim (Scopoli, 1763). Head broad, triangular in outline, frons broadly rounded, and with or without a pair of ventral sclerotized processes arising near base of palpi. This genus is readily recognized by the large, usually heavily sclerotized, tripartite gular plate. Prothorax short; pterothorax longer and wider than prothorax, with straight, divergent sides and straight to strongly convex posterior margins. Abdomen short, that of male usually near-oval, female with sides of abdomen usually parallel. Abdominal pleurites with posteroventral angles prolonged posteriorly as pointed processes. Posterior femur and sternites III-V or VI with small scattered brushes of normal setae. Typical adult specimens of this genus average 1.75 to 2mm in total length. Pseudomenopon insotens (Kellogg, 1896) Menopon tvtdens insotens Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 166, pi. 15, figs. 3 and 4. Type host: Podiceps aaspiaus (Hablizl) — Eared Grebe. This may be an error and the type host may be Futica americana Gmelin — American Coot. Pseudomenopon par (Kellogg, 1896) Menopon tridens par Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 166. Type host: Aechmophorus occidentalis (Lawrence) — Western Grebe. This may be an error and the type host may be Futica ameriaana Gmelin — American Coot. Pseudomenopon pitosum (Scopoli, 1763) Pedioutus pitostm Scopoli, 1763. Ent. Carniolica: 384. Menopon tridens Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent., 2: 440. Menopon tridens major Piaget , 1880. {neo p. 441). Les Pediculines: 480. Menopon tridens paoificwn Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 166. Pseudomenopon thompsoni Eichler, 1937. S. B. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1937: 97 (nn for Menopon tridens major Piaget, 1880). Type host: Futica atra (Linnaeus) — European Coot. New England host: Futica americana Gemlin — American Coot. These 3 species are mentioned together because both P. insotens and P. par may be synonyms of Pseudomenopon pitosum (Scopoli, 1763); (Emerson, 1964) . 57 Stanford (1932) reports this species from Utah and Emerson (19A0) reports it from Oklahoma. These appear to be the only reports (ex- cluding Kellogg 's original descriptions) of this species in the United States . Pseudomenopon qadrii Eichler, 1952 Pseudomenopon qadvii Eichler, 1952. Zool. Anz . , 148: 35, figs. 12-14. Type host: Porzana porzana (Linnaeus). New England host: Porzana Carolina (Linnaeus) — Sora. Peters (1928) reports Pseudomenopon pilosum from Ohio, and Peters (1936) from South Carolina. Both recoveries are probably P. qadrii. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1? Porzana Carolina Mt. Desert, Me. VIII-23-1937 A.E.B. TRINOTON Trinoton Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent., 3: 300. Type species: Trinoton conspurcatim Nitzsch, 1818. (A synonjrm of Trinoton anserinum (J. C. Fabricius, 1805). Trinotim Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent., 2: 440 {nn for Trinoton Nitzsch, 1818). Trinotion Perry, 1876. Proc. Lit. Phil. Soc. Liverpool, 30: Lxxx (misprint) . Ewingiella Eichler, 1941. Stettin Ent. Ztg., 102: 126. Type species: Trinoton femoratum Piaget, 1880. Laterodorsal margin of head with small protuberance bearing setae; laterodorsal emargination of varying depth. This emargination often overlaps the eye giving the appearance of a deep preocular slit. First and 2nd segments of antennae with distal anterior expansions. Thorax strongly developed and heavily sclerotized; meso- and metathorax sepa- rated by distinct suture and neither similar in shape to abdominal segments, the first 2 with spiracles. Chaetotaxy consisting of long and short setae of normal appearance and stout, spine-like setae. These large Menoponidae are not rigidly host specific and are the most common amblyceran found on wild ducks in America north of Mexico. Species of this genus are also found on members of the family Phoenicopteridae , order Ciconiformes . Trinoton anserinum (J. C. Fabricius, 1805) Pediculus anserinus J. C. Fabricius, 1805. Syst. Antliatorum: 345. Pediculus anseris Sulzer, 1776. {nee Linnaeus, 1758). Abgek. Gesch. Insekten: 241, pi. 29, fig. 4. Liotheum conspurcatim Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent. 3: 330 (nn for P. anseris Sulzer, 1776). Trinoton continuum Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 591. Type host: Anser anser (Linnaeus) — Domestic Goose. New England host: Branta canadensis (Linnaeus) — Canada Goose. 58 Peters (1936) has reported this species from Georgia and Emerson (1940) reports it from Oklahoma. Clay and Hopkins (1960) separate the genus into 4 main groups. The querquedulae group, the only one found in New England, is character- ized by dorsal prothoracic spine-like setae. The querquedulae group can be separated by the character of the chaetotaxy into 2 species, one T. querquedulae being found on Anas and related genera and one T. anserinum on Anser and related genera. T. anserinum has more numerous setae of which proportionally fewer are spine-like and has small setae making up the brushes of the 3rd femora and sternites IV and V being more numerous . Specimens Host Locality 4 9, 20- , 1 imm. Branta canadensis Bar Harbor, Me. 1 ? " " Vassalboro, Me. 1 9 " " Durham, NH Date IV-10-1938 X-30-1959 X-29-1952 Collector A.E.B. R.Nash D.Dupee Measurements ; 2 d (Bar Harbor) 2 9 (Bar Harbor) Head Width 1.74 1.56 1.65 1.62 Total Length 5.94 5.22 6.60 6.43 Syst. Natr., ed. 10: 612. Ins. , 7 : 77 , pi. 4, 138, pi. 19, Trinoton querquedulae (Linnaeus, 1758) Pediculus querquedulae Linnaeus, 1758. Ricinus lari De Geer, 1778. Mem. Hist. fig. 12. Trinoton pygmaeus Kolenati, 1846. Melet. Ent, fig. 5. Type host: Anas areoca Linnaeus — Common Teal. New England hosts: Any duck found in New England is a potential host for this species of Mallophaga. This species can be separated from Trinoton anserinum by the characters given on the previous page. I have collected T. querquedulae from Melanitta perspioillata, Mergus serrator. Anas rubripes, Aix sponsa, Aythya collaris, and have records of its occurring on specimens too numerous to mention. RICINIDAE Members of this family of Mallophaga can be recognized from those of the other families of the suborder Amblycera by the following characteristics: tarsi of all legs 2 clawed; antennae situated in capsules which open ventrally, the capsules not bulbous and not pro- ducing lateral swellings on the head. Abdomen with lateral contours but slightly broken by notching at the junction of the segments. This family is small and includes only 2 genera found in New England which can be separated by the following key: 59 Head deeply emarginate laterally; abdomen stout (on Apodiformes) Tvoahiloeoetes Paine and Mann, 1913 Head not constricted on the lateral margins; body more or less slender (on Passeriformes , occasionally on hummingbirds) Ricinus DeGeer , 1778 RICINUS Ricinus DeGeer, 1778. Mem. Hist. Ins., 7: 69. Type species: Ricinus fringillae DeGeer, 1778. (By subsequent designation by Neumann, 1906, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr . , 20: 56). Nirmus Herman, 1804. Mem. Apterolog: 12 (nn for Ricinus DeGeer, 1778). Physostomum Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent . , 3: 302. Type species: Ricinus nitidissimwn Nitzsch, 1818. (A synonym of Ricinus fringillae DeGeer, 1778). Large species 2.5 to 5 millimeters in length, body elongate. Head broadly conical, straight or slightly concave on lateral margins, without ocular emarginations , forehead broad and usually truncate or flatly con- vex in front. Temporal regions angulate. Underside of forehead with 2 small motile muscular lobes projecting caudad slightly beyond lateral margins. Palpi prominent; antennae always concealed and very short. Thorax longer than head, meso- and metathorax completely fused, posterior width of metathorax equal to anterior width of 1st abdominal segment. Legs robust with little coloration and few hairs. First tarsal segment with a small double lobe, 2nd rather short. Abdomen elongate-elliptical, 9th segment broad and rounded. General coloration pale brown to yellowish with lateral "bands" on abdomen. Ricinus angulatus (Kellogg, 1896) Physostomum angulation Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 515, pi. 70, fig. 5. Type host: Tyrannus tyrannus (Linnaeus) — Eastern Kingbird. Kellogg described this species from 2 females taken in Lawrence, Kansas. Carriker (1957) selected the lectotype and states that the material from the other hosts will prove to be different. The species is distinguished by the greatly produced occipital angles extending nearly to the middle of the prothorax. Ricinus arcuatus (Kellogg and Mann, 1912a) Physostomum fasciatus arcuatus Kellogg and Mann, 1912a. Ent. News, 23: 65. Type host: Tyrannus vooiferans Swainson — Cassin's Kingbird. This species is recognized by 2 setae directly anterior to the eye, the posterior angles of the head with 2 setae and the sides of the prothorax with 3 long setae. 60 Cassin's Kingbird is not found in New England but Ricinus arcuatus is not strictly host specific and is found here on Tyrannus tyrannus (Linnaeus) --Eastern Kingbird. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 o" , 2 imm. Tyrannus tyrannus Durham, NH VII-19-1965 J.E.K. Measurements: Ricinus arcuatus (Kellogg and Mann, 1912a) d Head Length .61 Head Width .64 Prothorax Width .58 Pterothorax Width .69 Abdomen Length 1.44 Abdomen Width .84 Total Length 2.79 Ricinus diffusus (Kellogg, 1896) Physostomum diffusum Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 518, pi. 70. fig. 3. Type host: Passercula sandwiahensis (Gmelin) — Savannah Sparrow. Described from 1 female from the type host in California. Peters (1936) has reported it from Massachusetts and South Carolina. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 19 Passercula sandwichensis Martha's Vine- IV-23-1933 L.B.Lunz,Jr, yard, Mass. (USNM) 19, Id" " " Durham, NH IX-29-1921 P.R.Lowry Measurements: cT 9 9 (Kellogg Type) Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Pterothorax Width Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length Ricinus frenatus (Burmeister, 1838) Physostomum frenatum Burmeister, 1838. Handb . Ent., 2: 442. Type host: Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus) — Winter Wren or Regulus regulus (Linnaeus) . Beyond the fact that this species has been recorded, I have no in- formation concerning it. Procter (1938) reports it from the Golden- crowned Kinglet in Maine. .64 .72 .80 .63 .73 .70 .54 .63 — .73 .88 — 1.86 2.14 — .84 1.08 1.09 3.30 3.84 4.00 61 Rioinus medius Uchida, 1926 Physostomiov intermedium Uchida, 1915. {nee Piaget, 1880). Annot. Zool. Jap., 9: 68, fig. 1. Rioinus medius Uchida, 1926. J. Coll. Agri. Tokyo, 9: 54 {nn for P. intermedium Uchida, 1915). Type host: Parus ater insularis Hellmayr or Parus atricapillus Linnaeus — Black-capped Chickadee . Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 d" Parus atricapillus Bar Harbor, Me. 11-23-1936 E.Anthony I have seen a single male Rioinus sp. from Parus atrioapillus Linnaeus (Bar Harbor, Maine, February 23, 1936), but due to the fact that 1 was unable to obtain Uchida 's original paper describing this species, I am not able to make a specific identification. Rioinus melospizae (McGregor, 1917) Physostomum melospizae McGregor, 1917. Ent . News, 28: 436, pi. 28, figs. 3 and 6. Type host: Melospiza melodia Wilson — Song Sparrow. Described from 2 females collected in Minnesota. Head evenly rounded in front and the occipital angles are produced posteriorly only slightly unlike Rioinus angulatus and R. diffusus. Prothorax roughly hexagonal; pterothorax with a slight swelling on the anterior 3rd of the sides; abdomen with sides subparallel, terminal segment bluntly rounded, with 4 long hairs and a fringe of 10 setae, lateral bands almost colorless. Peters (1928) reports this species from Ohio, and Peters (1936) from Delaware, Michigan, New Hampshire, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 9 Melospiza melodia Cape Cod, Mass. — C.M.Herman 1 slide " " Cohasset, Mass. V-5-1926 BMS Rioinus merulae (Durrant , 1906a) Physostomum merulae Durrant, 1906a. Ohio Nat., 7: 35, fig. Id. Type host: Turdus migratorius Linnaeus — Robin. Described from a female collected at Ft. Collins, Colorado, by C. F. Baker. Measurements of Type Female: Head Length .75 Head Width .75 Thorax Width 1.04 Total Length 4.70 Total Width 1.30 62 Front of head broad and evenly rounded, sides diverging and slightly swelling, occipital angles extending posteriorly with 3 large bristles along margin evenly spaced. Metathorax larger than prothorax, rounded in front widely diverging in rear. Prothorax with anterior margin con- cave. Abdomen rounded and oblong. The only published report, besides the original description of this species occurring in the United States is by Peters (1936) who records Eiainus sp. as occurring in Delaware and Virginia on the Eastern Robin, which is most likely this species. Ricinus pallidus (Kellogg, 1896) Physostomum diffusion pallidian Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 519. Type host: Junoo sp. Described from 2 females and a young specimen collected in Lawrence, Kansas. The only other records of this species appear to be by Peters (1928) from Ohio and Peters (1936) from Maryland. I have examined 2 females from Durham, New Hampshire, (1937), which are Ricinus but which do not correspond to Kellogg 's measurements (cf. R. diffusus) . Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 2 ? Junco hyemalis Durham, NH IV-5-1937 J.G.Conklin Junco oreganus ( Towns end ) , although not common in New England, occurs casually here in the winter months and is possibly a host for R. pallidus. Ricinus serratus (Durrant , 1906) Physostomum serratum Durrant, 1906. Ohio Nat., 6: 528, fig. lb. Physostomum olypeatum Mjoberg, 1910. Ark. Zool., 6: 60, figs. 35- 36, and pi. 2, fig. 1. Type host: Eremophila alpestris (Linnaeus) — Horned Lark. Described from a single female collected at Ft. Collins, Colorado, by J. H. Cowen. This is the only published record of this species in the United States, Durrant describes the female as 4.7 mm long and 1.3 mm wide, a very large Ricinus. Head .88 mm long, .86 mm wide, lateral margins slightly concave, occipital border broadly concave. Thorax much broader than long. Abdomen with wide marginal bands and with sides slightly swelling at the middle. The Horned Lark is a casual winter visitor to New England at best. It is mentioned in all of the checklists of New England birds but it is not often seen and rarely captured. I have only 1 record of Mallophaga being collected from Eremophila alpestris (Linnaeus) in New England: Belchertown, Massachusetts, March 13, 1926, by Dr. E. G. Rowland. A Philopterus sp. was collected from this bird and is now in the Boston Museum of Science collection. 63 Rioinus subhastatus (Durrant , 1906) Physostomum sub-hastatum Durrant, 1906. Ohio Nat., 6: 528, fig. la. Type host: Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus) — Rufous-sided Towhee. Measurements of Type Female: Head Length .73 Head Width .60 Thorax Width .65 Total Length 3.17 Total Width .98 Described from a specimen collected at Ft. Collins, Colorado, by C. F. Baker. Rioinus thoracious (Packard, 1870) Nirmus thoracicus Packard, 1870. Amer. Nat., 4: 94, pi. 1, fig. 5. Type host: Plectrophenax nivalis (Linnaeus) — Snow Bunting. I have no data on this species of Mallophaga. TROCHILOECETES Trochiloecetes Paine and Mann, 1913. Psyche, 20: 21. Type species: Physostomum prominens Kellogg and Chapman, 1899. The genus Troahiloeaetes is represented in New England by a single species, Trochiloecetes lineatus (Osborn, 1896). All members of this genus are parasitic on members of the family Trochilidae of the order Apodiformes . Trochiloecetes lineatus (Osborn, 1896) Physostomum lineatum Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent . (n. s.), 5: 248. Type host: Arahiloohus colubris (Linnaeus) — Ruby-throated Hummingbird. The key to the genera under the family Ricinidae will serve well for this single species found in this area. Carriker (1960) has reviewed this genus and placed Trochiloecetes lineatus in the genus Trochiliphagus . This was understandable since he had no material from the type host for examination but only the original description. For the purposes of this paper, I have followed the classi- fication of Emerson (1964). Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 4 9 Archilochus colubris Lincoln, Me. V- 30-1936 ? 64 Measurements : Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Pterothorax Width Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length 4 9 (Average) .43 .45 .35 .46 .71 .60 1.54 KEY TO THE ISCHNOCERA OF NEW ENGLAND BIRDS Preantennal region furnished with one or more pair of inflated or strong setae 2 Preantennal region without modified setae 3 Two pair of anterior clypeal spines present; preantennal region with a median suture COLUMBICOLA One pair of anterior clypeal spines; preantennal region with a transverse suture ANATICOLA Anterior margin of head pincer-like ^ Anterior margin of head not pincer-like 5 Anterior margin of head pincer-like with open or closed blades OENITHOBIUS Anterior margin of head pincer-like flanked by hyaline flaps INCIDIFRONS Lateral border of preantennal region with 4-6 circular incras sat ions FALCOLIPEURUS Lateral border of preantennal region without such circular incrassations 6 Preantennal region with a pair of posteriorly directed spine-like processes PHYSCONELLOIDES Preantennal region without a pair of posteriorly directed spine- like processes 7 Head lacking hyaline margin and dorsal anterior plate; antennae of ? filiform; at least one segment of d" antennae enlarged or with an appendage 8 Head with dorsal anterior plate and hyaline margin present even if one or both may be inconspicuous 13 Postantennal region greatly expanded; angular in shape -'-•^ Postantennal region only slightly expanded; slender body form 9 65 9. Dorsc.l surface of preantennal region without a transverse suture -'-0 Dorsal surface of preantennal region with a transverse suture EHINONIRMUS 10. Head of male and female with chitin of anterior portion of head arranged into a number of projections OXYLIPEUHUS Head without such chitinous projections 11 11. Female tergal plates with a median division; male width at temples not less than at antennae CUCLOTOGASTER Female tergal plates entire, without a median division; male width at temples less than at antennae LIPEURUS 12. First abdominal segment larger than those following; temples not prolonged beyond the ocular margin GONIODES First abdominal segment smaller than those following; temples prolonged beyond the ocular margin CHELOPISTES 13. Dorsal anterior plate bearing numerous crescentic papillae on the dorsal surface ARDEICOLA Dorsal anterior plate without such papillae 14 14. Dorsal anterior plate large with a longitudinal slit; gular plate large; abdominal segment IX of 9 bilobed FULICOFFULA Without above combination of characters 15 15. Head wider than long 1^ Head longer than wide 1' 16. Antennae similar in both sexes or 3rd segment of o' with an appendage; 9 with 2 genital setae on a ventral tubercle on each side RALLICOLA Antennae similar in both sexes, 9 without genital setae on a ventral tubercle on each side STRIGIPHILUS 17. Antennae similar in both sexes or 3rd segment of o" with an appendage; d genitalia simple RALLICOLA Antennae of o' with an appendage on the 1st or 3rd segment; d genitalia very complex PECTINOPYGUS Antennae similar in both sexes 1° 18. Anterior margin of head with a deep emargination ACIDOPROCTUS Head without such emargination ~ 19 66 19. Head with a narrow inconspicuous hyaline margin and small dorsal anterior plate LUNACEPS Head lacking the combination of characters of an inconspicuous hyaline and a small dorsal anterior plate 20 20. Head with a dorsal anterior plate 21 Head without a dorsal anterior plate 34 21. Tergites divided medially 24 Tergites not divided medially 22 22. Dorsal transverse suture present at the level of the antennae; preantennal region rectangular CRASPEDONIRMUS Dorsal transverse suture absent at the level of the antennae; preantennal region trapezoidal CUMMINGSIELLA Tergites not divided medially; preantennal region rounded in front 23 23. Dorsal surface of head without a transverse suture QUADRACEPS Dorsal surface of head with a transverse suture at or posterior to the antennae CARDUICEPS 24. Tergites divided medially; head not rounded in front but rectangular or trapezoidal 25 Tergites III-IV of ? divided medially; head ,, rounded in front BRUELIA 25. Hyaline margin free throughout extent of preantennal region; preantennal region apically concave with a tuft of 3 or more long setae at each anterolateral angle CUCULOECUS Preantennal region without above combination of characters 26 26. Slender body form; width of abdomen of 9 no wider than head 27 Robust body form; abdomen of both sexes wider than head 28 27. Terminal abdominal segment of d bilobed AQUANIRMUS Terminal abdominal segment of o* not bilobed MULCTICOLA 28. Preantennal region rounded with a free hyaline margin throughout; dorsal surface of head with peg-like spines ANATOECUS Preantennal region of head without above com- bination of characters 29 29. Premarginal bands and ventral bands of head extending beyond anterior margin of dorsal anterior plate CRASPEDORRHYNCHUS Without above combination of characters 30 67 30. Paramers of cf genitalia long, curved; abdominal sternite VII of 9 with a posteriorly directed projection at each anterolateral angle SAEMUNDSSONIA Without above combination of characters 31 31. Dorsal anterior plate not emarginate anteriorly 32 Dorsal anterior plate emarginate anteriorly STURNIDOECUS 32. Temples equal to or slightly expanded beyond the width of the antennal region PENENIRMUS Temples expanded well beyond the width of the antennal region 33 33. Parameres of d" genitalia short and blunt PHILOPTEEUS Parameres of cf genitalia elongate and tapering STHIGIPHILUS 34. Head longer than wide 37 Head wider than long 35 35 . Temples angular 36 Temples broadly rounded ROTUNDICEPS 36. One pair of medium length setae on each sternite and tergite GONIOCOTES A few small setae scattered on some sternites and tergites CAMPANULOTES 37. Tergal plates II-VI of both sexes transversely continuous 38 Some tergal plates on segments II-VI of one sex, usually the 9 divided medially 39 38. Temporal carina thickened and with a cellulated appearance PICICOLA Temporal carina thin, normal in appearance DEGEERIELLA 39. First apparent abdominal tergite of 9 divided medially by a clear area LAGOPOECUS First apparent abdominal tergite of 9 divided medially by an indistinct suture CUCULICOLA ACIDOPROCTUS Acidopvootus Piaget, 1878. Tijdschr. Ent . , 21: 178. Type species: Aoidoprootus marginatus Piaget, 1878, a synonym of Aaidopvoctus rostratus (Rudow, 1866) (By subsequent designation by Johnston and Harrison, 1911, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , 36: 326). Akidoproctus Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 208 (Emendation). Heteroprootus Harrison, 1915. Parasitology, 7: 394. Type species: Heteroproctus hilli Harrison, 1915. 68 This genus is characterized by the presence of a deep angular emargination on the anterior margin of the head. Antennae of the male with an appendage on the 3rd segment. Temporal lobes long, rounded posteriorly, with a few setae. Prothorax subquadrangular with prominent stigmata at the posterolateral angles; metathorax widest posteriorly and wider than head. Abdomen elongate-oval, 9 segmented, the segments with- out setae except at their posterolateral angles; 8th segment appearing to be double. In this genus the abdomen is parallel sided, tapering rapidly from the 7th segment to an acuminate point posteriorly in the female but only gradually in the male to a wide, bilobed segment. Members of this genus are quite long measuring 3 to 4 mm. Species of this genus are uncommon in collections and distribution on hosts of the Anseriformes is not well known. Carriker (1949a, 1954), and Timmerraann (1962), have discussed the genus Acidoproctus . Aaidoproctus kelloggi (Carriker, 1902) Akidoproctus kelloggi Carriker, 1902. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 10: 228, pi. 22, figs. 1-2. Type host: Aytha valisineria (Wilson) — Canvasback. Head elongate cordate, rather broadly rounded in front with 6 short bristles on each side between the trabeculae and the clypeal notch; 1 short bristle on each side just within the opening of the notch; temples with 1 weak hair and 5 short bristles; occiput deeply concave; eye prominent, convex and, contrary to Piaget's description, has a large stiff bristle upon the dorsal surface. Prothorax short quadrilateral, with rounded angles and convex sides. The metathorax longer than the prothorax and nearly twice as wide; sides rounded and widely diverging; posterior margin sharply angulated with a few weak bristles; a pair of long hairs at the middle on each side and 3 at the posterior angles. Abdomen elongate-oval, constricted posteriorly and widest at the 2nd segment; lateral margins of each segment convex, more so posteriorly. Measurements: (Carriker, 1902) o" Head Length .76 .77 Head Width .64 .65 Abdomen Width .80 .72 Total Length 3.50 3.65 This species was described from 5 males and 1 female collected from Aytha valisineva (Wilson) Lincoln, Nebraska, March 25, 1901. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Aytha valisineria Mass. 69 ANATICOLA Anaticola Clay, 1936. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1936: 617. Type species: Pediaulus erassiaormis Scopoli, 1763. Elongate Ischnocera, adult males and females 3-5 mm in length. Clypeus narrowly rounded anteriorly. Dorsal anterior plate differing slightly in the 2 sexes, that of the female generally semi-lunate, longer than wide, rounded anteriorly and concave posteriorly with a ventral groove containing 2 hairs arising from unsclerotized spaces. Chaetotaxy of the ventral surface of the head characteristic, with hairs along the lateral margins but absent in front and elsewhere sparse or absent. Dorsal surface of head with 2 pustulated setae immediately above the level of the large antennal fossae. Antennae with 1st segment enlarged in male and 3rd segment produced at apex. Prothorax small with sides slightly convex; pterothorax larger and slightly wider than pro- thorax. Sternal plate of pterothorax is large although sometimes not apparent, joined by a sclerotized rod to a smaller plate which projects into the 1st abdominal segment. Abdomen elongate; spiracles on segments II-VII. Short, rod-like parameres of male genitalia lie within the mesosomal plate. Penis a straight tube, forked at proximal end. Anaticola ansevis (Linnaeus, 1758) Pediculus anseris Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed . 10: 612. Philopterus jejunus Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent . , 3: 292 (nn for P. anseris Linnaeus, 1758). Omithobius anseris Gurlt, 1842. Mag. ges. Thierheilk, 8: 426, pi. 4, figs. 12-13. Lipeurus bishoppi McGregor, 1917a. Psyche, 24: 111, pi. 6, figs. 2 and 4 . Esthiopterum anseris domestioi Wundrig, 1936. Zool. Jb . Abt. 2, 62: 84, fig. 51. Type host: Domestic Goose. The genus Anaticola is in need of revision. The species name anseris and its subspecies are presently used to designate those Anaticola found on geese. Measurements: Anaticola anseris (Linnaeus, 1758) (from Clay and Hopkins, 1950) 9 Head Length Head Width Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length Specimens Host 1 slide Chen oae 9 ? Brant a b 5 9, 2 d" II 1 9 II .61 .68 .42 .48 1.59 2.06 .51 .73 2.76 3.50 Locality Date Collector Duxbury , Mass . XI-3-1926 BMS Hampton, NH XI-8-1964 B.Barrett " II X-28-1965 B.Barrett Rye, NH XI-17-1933 L.R.Nelson (USNM) 70 Apparently A. anseris does not parasitize the Canada Goose, Branta canadensis. I have been unable to find records of its occurring on this species of bird and have not recovered it in 7 examinations of Canada Geese. Anatioola crassiaomis (Scopoli, 1763) Pedioulus crassioornis Scopoli, 1763. Ent . Carniolica: 383. Pediculus anatis Schrank, 1781. Enum. Ins. Austr. Indig.: 503. Pedioulus anatis J. C. Fabricius, 1794. Ent. Syst. Suppl: 571. Lipeurus squalidus Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent., 3: 292 {nn for P. anatis J. C. Fabricius, 1794). Anatioola zunkeri Keler, 1937. Arb . morph. tax. Ent. Berlin- Dahlem, 4: 318. Type host: Anas platyrhynohos Linnaeus — Mallard. The species name crassioornis and its subspecies are used to designate those Anatioola found upon all Anatidae excluding the Cyginae, Anserinae and the Dendrocyginae. Members of this species can be sep- arated from A. anseris mainly by the shorter length of the penis. Length of penis (number of specimens in brackets) : (from Clay and Hopkins, 1951) Anatioola orassioomis 0.13 (1), 0.15 (7), 0.16 (1). Anatioola anseris 0.27 (3). Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1? Anas platyrhynohos Durham, NH X-24-1964 J.E.K. 1 slide Anas rubripes Middletown, Conn. X-2-1925 O.L.Austin (USNM) Icf TI II Plum Island, Mass. XII-3-1964 — 2 9, 2cr »l II II II II X-16-1965 F. Burgess 1 9, 2d' II 11 Strafford, NH X-29-1965 — 1 slide Anas strepera Wenham, Mass. XI-21-1927 USNM 1 slide It II II II XI-21-1927 EMS 1 slide Anas oarolinensis Rye, NH X-26-1934 L.R.Nelson (USNM) Id Anas discors Hampton, NH IX-9-1965 B.Barrett 1 slide II 11 Seabrook, NH IX-2-1936 aSNM 1 slide Aix i sponsa Middletown, Conn. X-2-1925 O.L.Austin (USNM) 6 9, 4 rf II II Hampton, NH X-28-1965 B.Barrett 2 9, 2 cf II II Ossipee, NH VIII-3-1965 A.H.Mason 19 II II Strafford, NH X-31-1964 — 1 slide II II Winchester, NH IX-22-1934 L.R.Nelson (USNM) 29 Buoephala albeola Dover, NH X-30-1964 D.Gallup 59, Icf 1 1 II Hampton, NH X-24-1964 B.Barrett 1 slide 1 1 II Rye, NH XI-1-1934 L.R.Nelson (USNM) 1 slide Clangula hymenalis Rye, NH X-24-1932 L.R.Nelson (USNM) 1 slide 11 II Rye, NH 71 XI-21-1933 L.R.Nelson (USNM) (Continued) Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 19 » 2 imm. Histrionieus histrionicus Hampton, NH 1 9 > many Somateipia mollissima imm 1 slide 3 15 2 imm. 1 slide 19 19 59 , Icf 1 slide Melanitta deglandi II II Melanitta perspiaillata M II Oidemia nigra II II Mergus serrator Hampton, NH Duxbury, Mass. Hampton, NH Bristol, RI Hampton, NH T? II Winthrop, Me. Chatham, Mass, X-24-1964 B.Barrett X-24-1964 X-9-1964 B.Barrett X1I-13-1926BMS X-5-1964 B.Barrett X-9-1964 XI-2-1965 " XI-23-1965 D.Brannigan X-3-1963 B.Barrett Cornell Coll, XI-20-1963 B.Barrett X-10-1964 " XI-11-1953 A.E.B. IV-16-1936 USNM ANATOECUS Anatoeous Cummings, 1916. Proc . Zool. See. London, 1916: 653. Type species: Anatoeous icterodes (Nitzsch, 1818). Cereopsoecus Keler, 1960. Zeitr. Parasit., 20: 238. Type species: Cereopsocus clayae Keler, 1960. Flamingobius Keler, 1960. Zeitr. Parasit., 20: 305. Type species: Docophorus pygaspis Nitzsch, 1866. Short robust Philopteridae . Head with distinct hyaline margin, ex- tending from each premarginal carina and rounded in front; large shield- shape dorsal anterior plate with posterior projection. Postmarginal carinae and temporal carinae well developed. Antennae filiform and similar in the 2 sexes. Prothorax with 1 lateral spine-like, and 1 long seta at each posterolateral angle. Pterothorax with 1 lateral spine-like seta on each side and 12 long setae along the dorsopos- terior margin. Abdomen stout with well developed pleural plates. Tergite I undivided; tergites II-VIII divided medially; tergites IX-X fused, greatly narrowed, and continuous across the segment. At the present time it is uncertain as to whether 1 or 2 species of Anatoeous infest birds of the order Anseriformes in New England. The females of the 2 possible species cannot be separated and the separation of the males is by the presence or absence of the "effractor" (Cummings, 1916: 652) in the male genitalia. The situation is compli- cated by the fact that both species may be present on the same host. Anatoeous dentatus (Scopoli, 1763) Pedioulus dentatus Scopoli, 1763. Ent . Carniolica: Type host: Anas platyrhynahos Linnaeus — Mallard. Other New England hosts: Mergus merganser Linnaeus) — Common Merganser. Spatula olypeata (Linnaeus) — Shoveler Somateria mollissima (Linnaeus) — Common Eider. 383. 72 In the male of this species the "effractor" is present. All other characters are contained in the genus description. Measurements: Anatoecus dentatus (Scopoli, 1763) (from Clay and Hopkins, 1951) Head Length .47 Head Width .43 Prothorax Width .28 Pterothorax Width .37 Abdomen Length .72 Abdomen Width .60 Total Length 1.45 Anatoecus ictevodes (Nitzsch, 1818) Docophorus iotevodes Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent . , 3: 290. Pediculus mergi Guerin, 1818 {nee J. C. Fabricius, 1781). Bonaterre's Encyc. Method., pt. 24: 128, pi. 254, fig. 2. Nirmus fuligulae Denny, 1852. List Brit. Animals in Brit. Mus . , pt. 2, Anoplura: 13 (nn for D. iotevodes Nitzsch, 1818). Type host: Mergus servator Linnaeus — Red-breasted Merganser. Other New England hosts: Domestic Goose Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus — Mallard. Spatula olypeata (Linnaeus) — Shoveler. Aythya af finis (Eyton) — Lesser Scaup. Clangula hyemalis (Linnaeus) — Oldsquaw. Somateria mollissima (Linnaeus) — Common Eider. Mergus merganser Linnaeus — Common Merganser. In the male of this species the "effractor" is absent. Emerson (1964) states that, "the question of whether or not Anatoecus ioterodes is a dimorphic form of Anatoecus dentatus has not been settled satis- factorily. " Measurements: Anatoecus icterodes (Nitzsch, 1818) (from Clay and Hopkins, 1960) Head Length .43 Head Width .40 Prothorax Width .27 Pterothorax Width .35 Abdomen Length .59 Abdomen Width .61 Total Length 1.29 From all of the above material, especially the host list for these 2 species of Mallophaga, it is obvious that a list of material exam- ined would add little to what is already known about this genus. It is sufficient to state that any species of Anseriformes in New England is a potential host for both of these species of Anatoecus. 73 AQUANIRMUS Aquanixmus Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1939a. Entomologist, 72: 163. Type species: Degeeviella runcinata (Nitzsch, 1866). Moderately elongate Philopteridae, typically parasitic on grebes. Darkly to moderately pigmented. Size of male 1.3-1.8 mm. Size of female 2.1-2.6 mm. Pre- and post-marginal carina separate, ventral carina heavily sclerotized, continuous with premarginal carina and ex- tending posteriorly to anterior articulation of mandible. Clypeus divided medially. Dorsal anterior plate pentagonal with narrow anterior hyaline margin. Tergites divided medially except for terminal segments. Sternites III-VI divided medially. Sternite VIII of female with 2 transverse rows of setae on posterior margin. Male genitalia relatively simple, sjmimetrical , parameres not articulated and with relatively sim- ple mesosome. Aquanirmus bucomfishi Edwards, 1965 Aquanirmus bucomfishi Edwards, 1965. Canad. Ent., 97: 931, figs. 1 , 2 , and 4 . Type host: Podiceps auritus (Linnaeus) — Horned Grebe. A small species of Aquanirmus; male average 1.47 mm; female average 2.45 mm. Carinae of head, thorax and abdomen darkly pigmented. Tergites with narrow bands giving the abdomen a banded appearance. The sclerotized tube of the mesosome nearly twice as long as average (0.40 mm). This species is confined to Podiceps auritus in North America, being replaced by Aquanirmus colymbinus (Scopoli, 1763) on Podiceps auritus in Europe. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 3 ? Podiceps auritus Hampton, NH X-16-1965 B.Barrett Peters (1928) and (1936) reports this species from Ohio and Illinois respectively; Brimly (1938) North Carolina; and Edwards (1965) South Carolina, Mississippi, and California. Aquanirmus emersoni Edwards, 1965 Aquanirmus emersoni Edwards, 1965. Canad. Ent., 97: 928, figs. 2-4. Type host: Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert) — Red-necked Grebe. A relatively large species of Aquanirmus; male average 1.69 mm, female average 2.40 mm in length. Lateral lobes of male terminal ter- gite may extend slightly beyond posterior sternal margin. Chaetotaxy of sternite crowded posteriorly. Male genitalia large, 0.275 mm long, 0.159 mm wide. Female sternite VIII with 14 (13-15) setae in outer row, 13 (12-14) in inner row. The only records of Aquanirmus emersoni are by Edwards (1965) from Massachusetts and Oregon. 74 Aquanirmus podilymbus Edwards, 1965 Aquanirmus podilymbus Edwards, 1965. Canad. Ent . , 97: 929, figs. 2 and 4 . Type host: Podilymbus podiaeps (Linnaeus) — Pied-billed Grebe. Size moderate; male average 1.59 mm., female average 2.27 mm. Male terminal tergite does not extend beyond the sternal margin. Female sternite VIII with 14 (13-15) setae in outer row, 10 barely distin- guishable setae in inner row. Pigmentation general. The only published record of this species in the United States is by Edwards (1965) from South Carolina. ARDEICOLA Ardsicola Clay, 1936. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1936: 615. Type species: Esthiopterum ardeae (Linnaeus, 1758). Head longer than wide, triangular in shape with rounded anterior margin; dorsal anterior plate well developed with small papillae on the anterior half. Internal carinae well developed; eyes well developed; postantennal area rounded or with margins parallel, posterolateral angle rounded; males with basal segment of antenna expanded, segments II, IV, and V normal, lateral anterior margin of segment III laterally produced. Prothorax wider than long, sides parallel or slightly diverging. Ptero- thorax about as long as wide, lateral margins straight with slight pos- terior divergence, pustulated setae at the posterolateral angles. Ab- domen elongate; tergites I-VII of female separated medially; tergites IV-VII of male entire; spiracles on segments II-VII. Members of this genus have relatively few setae on the abdomen. Members of this genus are found on birds of the order Ciconiiformes , I was unable to collect members of this genus during the course of this study, therefore, the descriptions were taken from Tuff (1963) and from the original descriptions. Ardeicola botauri (Osborn, 1896) LipeuTus botauri Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n. s.), 5: 234. Type host: Botaurus lentiginosus (Rackett) — American Bittern. Head with dorsal anterior plate rounded, with crescentic papillae; lateral margins straight; coni greatly reduced; third segment of male antenna with a lateral projection; postantennal region slightly curved. Prothorax wider than long; lateral margins narrowing slightly anterior- ly; prothorax with very few setae. Pterothorax wider than long; pos- terolateral margin with a single long seta and a row of three closely grouped submarginal setae. Abdomen widest at segment IV. 75 Osborn gave no locality for the collection of the species; however, The Ohio State University has one of his slides of this species (9) col- lected at Ames, Iowa. This species has been reported by Peters (1928) Ohio, Wilson (1928) New York, Peters (1936) Alabama and New Hampshire, Procter (1938) Maine, Brimley (1938) North Carolina, and Whitehead (1954) Quebec. Ardeicola arusaula Carriker, 1960a Ardeicola cvuscula Carriker, 1960a. Novedades Colombianas, 1: 318, fig. 1. Type host: Ardea herodias Linnaeus — Great Blue Heron. The largest of the heron infesting Ardeicola. Males with three long submarginal setae on posterior angle of pterothorax and a medium length seta not associated with the above group at the posterolateral margin. Abdomen elongate, widest at segment IV; pigmentation on tergite I confined to a spot on the lateral margin; tergites II and III with color restricted to a rectangular area on the lateral margin. Female similar to male; antennae filiform. Prothorax and pterothorax as in the male. Measurements : d ? Head Length .76 .81 Prothorax Width .34 .36 Pterothorax Width .49 .51 Abdomen Length 1.63 1.82 Abdomen Width .59 .68 Total Length 2.96 3.17 Ardeicola gaibagla Ansari, 1947 Ardeicola gaibagla Ansari, 1947. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 13: 256, fig. 1. Ardeicola albulus Eichler, 1948. Vogel der Heimat., no. 6: 107, figs. 2 and 3. Type host: Bubulcus ibis Linnaeus — Cattle Egret. Other New England host: Casmerodius albus (Linnaeus) — Common Egret. Head long and narrow; dorsal anterior plate bearing about fifty- seven crescentic papillae; temples rounded with narrow, indistinct, yellowish marginal bands; gular plate weak. Prothorax small, lateral margins straight with a small seta at the posterolateral angle. Ptero- thorax slightly wider than prothorax and bearing four pustulated hairs on the posterior margin; sternal plates indistinct. Abdomen elongated, widest at segment V, gradually tapering towards the posterior end. Measurements : d* ? Head Length .66 .70 Prothorax Width .30 .34 Pterothorax Width .39 .42 Abdomen Length 1.65 2.05 Abdomen Width .50 .52 Total Length 2.81 3.27 76 Ardeicola goisagi Uchida, 1953 Ardeioola goisagi Uchida, 1953. Iconographia Insectorum Japonicorum, Tokyo: 109, fig- 269. Type host: Nyctioovax nyotiaorcuc (Linnaeus) — Black-crowned Night Heron. Males and females appear morphologically similar to other members of this group. This species is distinguished by the tergel pigmentation in both sexes being limited to a small area on the anterior lateral angle of tergites II-VII. Measurements : cf 9 Head Length .69 .75 Prothorax Width .30 .33 Pterothorax Width .37 .44 Abdomen Length 1.56 2.04 Abdomen Width .57 .69 Total Length 2.69 3.29 BRUELIA Bruelia Keler, 1936. Arb. morph.-tax. Ent. Berlin-Dahlem, 3: 257. Type species: Bruelia rossittensis Keler, 1936. (A synonym of Nirmus brachythora:c Giebel, 1874). Meropsiella Conci, 1941. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., 73: 104. Type species: Nirmus apiastri Denny, 1842. Corvonirmus Eichler, 1944. Stettin. Ent. Ztg., 105: 81. Type species: Nirmus unainosus Burmeister, 1838. Painjunirmus Ansari, 1947. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 13: 285. Type species: Painjunirmus pengya Ansari, 1947. Traihoriella Ansari, 1947. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 13: 290. Type species: Traihoriella punjabensis Ansari, 1947. Guimaraesiella Eichler, 1949a. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., 79: 11. Type species: Dooophorus subalhiaans Piaget, 1885. (A synonym of Docophorus papuanus Gieb 1, 1879). Xobugirado Eichler, 1949a. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., 79: 13. Type species: Nirmus submarginellus Nitzsch, 1866. (A synonym of Nirmus menuraelyrae Coinde, 1859). Allobruelia Eichler, 1951. In Forschung und Praxis, Bedeutung der Vogelwelt, Berlin: 36. II , Type species: Allobruelia amsel Eichler, 1951. Turdinirmus Eichler, 1951. In Forschung und Praxis, Bedeutung der Vogelwelt, Berlin: 36. Type species: Turdinirmus merulensis (Denny, 1842). Within the genus Bruelia can be seen a series of species ranging from those having an entire marginal carina and no dorsal anterior plate to those species having the marginal carina interrupted medially and laterally and having the dorsal anterior plate well developed (Clay, 1951). Head quite large, "thimble shaped", with preantennal region bluntly conic. All known species have the ventral carina of the head in- 77 terrupted. Antennae filiform and similar in both sexes; trabeculae variable in shape. Temporal lobes evenly expanded laterally. Prothorax small with the lateral margins slightly concave in almost all species. Pterothorax broader than long, sides diverging and posterior margin evenly rounded. Abdomen elongate-oval, in many species distinctly marked by well sclerotized areas. Abdominal tergal plates of female, usually III-IV, separated medially. Male genitalia with a large basal plate and short, blunt parameres . Bruetia argula (Burmeister, 1838) Nirmus argulus Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent . , 2: 430. Type host: Corvus aorax Linnaeus — Common Raven. I have no data on this species of Mallophaga. The Common Raven is a casual visitor in New England and not often collected. Bruelia cedrorim (Piaget, 1880) Nirmus brachy thorax oedrorum Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 151, pi. 12, fig. 2. Type host: Bombycilla cedrorwv Vieillott — Cedar Waxwing. I have no information concerning this species of Bruelia. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1?, Icf Bombycilla oedrorum Madbury, NH VIII-26-1963 J.E.K. The Madbury collection yielded 1 male and 1 female Bruelia which may be referable to this species. Bruelia otayae Ansari, 1956a Bruelia clayae Ansari, 1956a. Bull. Brit. Mus . (N. H.) Ent. 4: 375, figs. 7-13. Type host: Cyanocitta aristata (Linnaeus) — Blue Jay. Head triangular; preantennal marginal carina interrupted medially; ventral carina interrupted medially and continuous with the premarginal carina. Temple with one long seta. Prothorax short with 1 long seta in each posterolateral angle. Pterothorax with 6 long setae on each side on the posterodorsal margin. Abdomen elliptical. Tergites II-VIII with 2 central short setae. Male genitalia well developed. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector Cyanocitta cristata Durham, NH VIII-20-1964 J.E.K. " " " " VIII-24-1964 J.E.K. " " IX-15-1964 J.E.K. IX-30-1964 J.E.K. " " " " X-5-1964 J.E.K. 78 Bruelia domestica (Kellogg and Chapman, 1899) Nirmus longus domesticus Kellogg and Chapman, 1899, Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci. ,6: 93. Type host: Hirundo rustica Linnaeus — Barn Swallow. This specimen, according to the authors, was supposed to be closely related to /I?, longus, differing in having 3 instead of 6 lateral metathoracic setae; a more elongate head; and the median uncolored longitudinal line of the abdomen. Carriker (1957) says that the "type" of domesticus is a typical Bruelia, but of an entirely different form from the figure and specimen of longus. He states (1963a) that the specimen marked as the type of domesticus is not the specimen described, and the name must be disregarded. Specimen Host Locality Date Collector 1 ? Hirundo rustica Kingston, RI VII-5-1962 A.Moorehouse (URI Coll.) Bruelia ^^iliaci brevicolor Ansari, 1956 Bruelia iliaca brevicolor Ansari, 1956. Biologia, 2: 110, figs. 8-13. Type host: Turdus migratorius Linnaeus — Robin. A delicate and feebly sclerotized species; lateral margins of clypeal region moderately convex; marginal carina narrow, indented medially. Pterothorax a little less than twice as wide as long. Ter- gite V and VIII with 1, VI and VII with 2 tergolateral setae on each side. Peters (1928) reports this species from Ohio; Peters (1936) from North Carolina; and Ansari (1956) from Arizona. Specimen Host Locality Date Collector 1 9 Turdus migratorius Durham, NH III-29-1948 E.O.Hooghkirk One female Bruelia which is probably this species. The specimen was mounted without removing the gut contents, thereby obscuring the chaetotaxy necessary for species identification. Bruelia imponderdbilica Eichler, 1954a Bruelia imponderahilica Eichler, 1954a. Nach. Nat. Mus . Aschaf fenburg, 42: 61, pi. 11, fig. 3. Type host: Lanius excubitor Linnaeus — Northern Shrike. I have no data on this species of Bruelia and have not collected its host. II Bruelva vnfrequens (Carriker, 1902) Nirmus infrequens Carriker, 1902. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 10: 220, pi. 20, fig. 3. Type host: Caloarius lapponicus (Linnaeus) — Lapland Longspur. 79 Head elongate with V-shaped ocular bands ; temples with 1 long seta and 1 short bristle on each side. Prothorax small, angles rounded; heavily bordered laterally with blackish brown extending around the posterior border. Pterothorax much wider than prothorax. Abdomen with sides of posterior half nearly parallel to segment VIII. Material from this bird appears to be quite scarce. Carriker's (1902) published record of a collection of 1 female and 1 immature female from Colorado is the only record from the United States. Measurements: Bruelia infrequens (Carriker, 1902) (from Carriker, 1902) 9 Head Length .46 Head Width .29 Abdomen Width .40 Total Length 1.45 Bruelia interposita (Kellogg, 1899) Nirmus interpositus Kellogg, 1899. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 23, pi. 2, fig. 7. Type host: Dendroica petechia (Linnaeus) — Yellow Warbler. Lateral margins of head weakly convex: trabeculae extend to the 1st antennal segment and are uncolored. Temples with a single long seta; occipital margin bare, very flatly convex; forehead and temporal margins narrowly bordered with dark brown. Prothorax short and wide with 1 long seta in each posterolateral angle. Pterothorax short, lateral margins dark brown; 6 or 7 long setae on the posterodorsal margin on either side of the midline. Abdomen narrow with rather broad dark brown lateral bands. According to Carriker (1957) this specimen was collected in Panama. I have found no records of its collection in the United States and have not collected the Yellow Warbler during the course of this study. Bruelia limbata (Burmeister, 1838) Nirmus limhatus Burmeister, 1838. Handb . Ent., 2: 429. DoGophorus serenus Rudow, 1869. Beitr. Kenntn. Malloph.: 16. Type host: Loxia ourvirostra Linnaeus — Red Crossbill. I have no description of this species of Bruelia. Bruelia longifrons Carriker, 1956 Bruelia longifrons Carriker, 1956. Florida Ent., 39: 81, fig. 61. Type host: Parus atricapillus (Linnaeus) --Black-capped Chickadee. A large species, the female measuring 1.82 mm in length. Pre- antennal region very long with flatly convex sides; the buccal canal narrows abruptly at the posterior edge of the small, semilunar anterior plate, then gradually narrows to a very constricted opening into the long narrow buccal cavity; gular plate extends beyond occipital margin. Pterothorax with straight sides, diverging; thoracic carinae deeply colored. Abdomen with narrow pleurites. 80 Described by Carriker (1956) from a single female collected in Kansas. It is the only published record of this species. I have not collected this species in 25 examinations of the Black-capped Chickadee. M Bruelia nebulosa (Burmeister, 1838) Nirmus nebulosa Burmeister, 1838. Handb . Ent., 2: 429. Docophorus ochroleuous Nitzsch, 1874. In Giebel , Insecta Epizoa: Bruelia ohitlatiyar Ansari, 1956. Indian J. Ent., 17: 395. Type host: Sturmus vulgaris Linnaeus — Starling. A lightly sclerotized species. Premarginal carina interrupted medially; temples rounded with 1 long seta on each side; trabeculae short, transparent, not reaching to the end of the 1st antennal segment, occipital margin almost straight. Prothorax with sides curved, a short seta in each posterolateral angle. Pterothorax with 5 long setae on each side on the posterodorsal margin. This is a very common parasite of the starling. I have examined 56 starlings from various localities in New England and have found Bruelia nebulosa on 33 of these birds. II Bruelia nivalis (Giebel, 1874) Nirmus nivalis Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 140. Type host: Plectrophenax nivalis (Linnaeus) — Snow Bunting. I have no information concerning this species of Mallophaga. Bruelia omatissima (Giebel, 1874) Nirmus omatissimus Giebel, 1874. Insect Epizoa: 144. Nirmus illustris Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 494, pi. 67, fig. 4. Type host: Agelaius phoeniaeus (Linnaeus) — Red-winged Blackbird. Head truncate, very slightly convex in front with 2 or 3 very short indistinct marginal hairs; trabeculae small and weak; temporal margin with 2 bristles and a weak hair; antennae with segment I color- less, others dark brown; occipital margin straight. Prothorax with flatly rounded sides and rounded posterior angles each with 1 small seta; anterior angles with a dark brown blotch. Pterothorax with 5 weak setae in each lateral 4th of the posterior margin; small black linear blotches in the anterior angles. Abdomen elongate with posterior angles of segments projecting slightly, pointing backward and each with 2 setae; lateral bands narrow, black; large median brown blotches on segments I-VII nearly crossed by a transverse linear colorless space. II . Although 1 did not find Bruelva omatvssrma on the Red-winged, I found it to be a common parasite of the Crackle, Quisaalus quisoula (Linnaeus). I have made 40 examinations of this bird, all from New Hampshire. 81 Specimens Host Locality Date Collector Quisaalus quiscula Durham, NH III-2-1963 III-3-1963 " " " " VIII-31-1964 J.E.K. " " " " VII-22-1965 J.E.K. The number of individual Mallophaga on a single bird ranged from 1-136. Bruelia pallidula (Harrison, 1916) Nirmus pallidus Osborn, 1896 (nee Piaget, 1880). Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n. s.), 5: 227. Degeeriella pallidula Harrison, 1916. Parasitology, 9: 120 (nn for N. pallidus Osborn, 1896). Type host: Pheuctiaus ludoviaianus (Linnaeus) — Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Head bluntly conical in front; lightly sclerotized along premar- ginal carinae and mandibles; trabeculae pointed, transparent, reaching to the end of the 1st antennal segment; temples with a single seta. Prothorax small; pterothorax with 6 long setae on each side arranged along the posterodorsal margin. Legs colorless. Abdomen colorless ex- cept for the light brown pleurites. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 4 imm. Pheuctiaus ludoviaianus Augusta, Me. IV-7-1964 A.E.B. 1 ? " " Durham, NH 1948 E.O.Hooghkirk II Bruelia picturata (Osborn, 1896) Nirmus piaturatus Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n. s.) 5: 226. Type host: Stumella magna (Linnaeus) — Eastern Meadowlark. Head elongate; premarginal carinae dark except at apex; temporal carinae narrow; antennae with joints subequal , annulate. Posterior mar- gin of prothorax black; pterothorax with broad, black margin on segments I-VII, broad ventral median bands on segments I-V, faint on I-II , not separated by a median clear space, but having a transverse light band. Osborn (1896) records this species from Iowa; Geist (1931) Ohio; Thompson (1934) Quebec; Peters (1936) Maryland and South Carolina; and Whitehead (1954) Quebec. Bruelia rotundata (Osborn, 1896) Nirmus rotundatus Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n. s.), 5: 226. Type host: Corvus braahyrhynahos Brehm — Common Crow. Head wider than long; premarginal carinae dark modified medially, with anterior hyaline margin; antennae slightly dimorphic, the male 1st antennal segment more robust than in the female. Tergal plates II-VIII approximate, IX entire. 82 .52 .64 .37 .66 1 .35 .87 2 .25 Date Osborn (1896) records this species from Iowa; Peters (1928) Ohio; Peters (1936) Maryland and New York; Emerson (19A0) Oklahoma; Brown and Wilk (1944) Alberta; Stirrett (1952) Ontario; Whitehead (1954) Quebec; and Ansari (1957) California and Kansas. Measurements: Bruelia rotundata (Osborn, 1896) Head Length .46 Head Width .55 Prothorax .36 Pterothorax Width .60 Abdomen Length .91 Abdomen Width .81 Total Length 1.77 Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Corvus bvaahyrhynchos Middletown,Conn. lX-6-1925 O.L.Austin, Jr . (USNM) Mt. Carmel,Conn. 111-28-1943 G.H. Plumb N. Haven, Conn. III-27-1937 G.H. Plumb 1 slide " " Durham, NH 11-7-1948 E.O.Hooghkirk Wakefield, NH IX-14-1964 G.L.Walker UNH Coll. Bruelia subis (Carriker, 1963a) Hirundiniella subis Carriker, 1963a. Rev. Brasil. Biol., 23: 315, fig. 32. Type host: Progne subis (Linnaeus) — Purple Martin. Dorsal preantennal carinae not broken near frons; inner sternal carinae very wide and extending back beyond ends of dorsal carinae, and forward to anterior plate, where they are fused with the dorsal carinae. Abdominal chaetotaxy long. It Bruelia subtilis (Nitzsch, 1874) Nirmus subtilis Nitzsch, 1874. In Giehel , Insecta Epizoa: 137. Bruelia subtilis obligata Eichler, 1954. Nach. Natur. Mus . Aschaf fenburg, 42: 63, pi. 13, fig. 6. Type host: Passer domestious (Linnaeus) — House Sparrow or Passer montanus (Linnaeus) — European Tree Sparrow. I have no description of this species of Mallophaga. Wilson (1958) collected B. subtilis on 8 of 64 House Sparrows in Kentucky. Bruelia tenuis (Burmeister, 1838) Nirmus tenuis Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent . , 2: 429. Type host: Riparia riparia (Linnaeus) — Bank Swallow. I have no data on this species of Bruelia and have been unable to collect the Bank Swallow, Riparia riparia. 83 Bruelia vulgata (Kellogg, 1896) Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg, 1896. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 496, pi. 67, fig. 5. Type host: Junao hyemalis (Linnaeus) — Slate-colored Junco. Head conical, with narrow parabolic front; trabeculae very small and colorless; temporal margin with 1 long hair; occipital margin straight; entire head narrowly bordered along lateral margins with dark brown, turning inward at antennal fossae. Prothorax narrow, quadrangu- lar, with a long seta in each posterolateral angle; narrow lateral blackish border; pterothorax almost as wide as head; 6 setae along each lateral 3rd of posterodorsal margin. Abdomen elongate, slender, with 1 weak seta in each posterior angle; distinct dark brown lateral bands and paler broad, rectangular transverse blotches. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Junao hymenalis Bar Harbor, Me. III-27-1938 M.Sullivan 1 slide " " Milton, Mass. XII-11-1948 R.M.Hinchmon (MCZ) 1 slide " " Durham, NH III-6-1948 E.O.Hooghkirk Bruelva zevopunctata zeropunctata Ansari, 1957 Bruelia longifvons longifrons Ansari, 1956 (nee Carriker, 1956). Biologia, 2: 121, figs. 43-47. Bruelia zeropunctata zeropunctata Ansari, 1957. Pakistan J. Health, 6: 270 (nn for B. longifrons longifrons Ansari, 1956). Type host: Hylocichla ustulata (Nuttall) — Swainson's Thrush. Head about as wide as long approaching conical form; clypeal region more or less flat in front and almost straight laterally; temples mod- erately dilated with a single long seta; gular plate well developed. Prothorax with 1 long seta in each posterolateral angle. Pterothorax with 1 short and 1 long seta in each posterolateral angle; 5 long setae on each side along the posterodorsal margin. Abdominal tergites II-VIII with 1 tergocentral seta; tergite IX with 6 small irregular setae. Ansari (1956) reports this species from Wisconsin. There is a subspecies of B. zeropunctata, Bruelta zeropunctata antiqua Ansari, 1956, found on the Hermit Thrush, Hylocichla guttata (Pallas) . Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 2 9, 5 imm. Hylocichla guttata Bartlett, NH V-23-1964 J.E.K. CAMPANULOTES Campanulotes Keler, 1939. Nova Acta Leop. Carol, (n. f.), 8: 157. Type species: Goniocotes compar (Burmeister, 1838). 84 Head circumf asciate with an obvious semilunar chitinous ridge an- terior to the mandibles. Antennae filiform and similar in the 2 sexes; clavi prominent and short; temporal lobes acutely angled, each with 2 long setae at the posterolateral angle. Posterior margin of occiput concave. Prothorax narrow. Dorsal posterior margin of the pterothorax projects over the abdomen. Abdomen of both sexes broad, oval; posterolateral angle of each segment with 2 prominent setae. The most important generic character is the bell-shaped head, to which the generic name refers. Lice of this genus are ectoparasitic on birds of the order Columbiformes . Campanulotes bidentatus compar (Burmeister, 1838) Goniosotes aowpar Burmeister, 1838. Handb . Ent., 2: 431. GonioGOtes fovmosanus Sugimoto, 1929. Rept. Dept. Agri. Res. Inst. Formosa, 43: 25. Type host: Domestic Pigeon. This is the only species of the genus known in North America. The generic description will serve to identify this species. It has been reported by Wilson (1928) from New York, Peters (1928) Ohio, Emerson (1940) Oklahoma, Brimley (1942) North Carolina, Brown and Wilk (1944) Alberta, and Whitehead (1954) Quebec. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector Domestic pigeon Bar Harbor, Me. XI-7-1939 A.E.B. 1 slide II II Portland, Me. 11-10-1958 R.L.Blickle 1 slide II II Amherst, Mass. 11-29-1940 M.E.Smith (USNM) 1 slide II 11 S. Hadley, Mass. — E.Boyd — II II Durham, NH X-31-1962 W.J.Morse — II 11 Durham, NH IX-20-1965 J.E.K. — II II Concord, NH 11-19-1964 — CARDUICEPS Carduiceps Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1939. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (11), 4: 451. Type species: Degeeriella complexiva (Kellogg and Chapman, 1899) (A synonym of Nirmus zonarius Nitzsch, 1866). Head with broad hyaline margin arising from clypeal suture; clypeal and internal bands fusing at their anterior ends; clypeal signature large. Dorsal antennal bands passing inwards and downwards to form a narrow suture on each side of the preantennal region. Heavily sclero- tized transverse antennal band across head at the level of the mandibles; dorsal and ventral occipital bands present. Pterothorax short with lateral margins not divergent. Abdomen with segment I small; paratergal plates without elongated re-entrant heads and bearing anterior and pos- terior inwardly directed processes; the posterior process continued across tergal plate as a thickened bar, giving the characteristic appear- 85 ance to the abdomen. Tergal plates, except segment I, entire and trans- versely continuous. Male abdomen with segment IX much reduced, not pro- truding and scarcely demarcated from segment VIII. Carduioeps meinertzhageni Timmermann, 195Aa Carduiaeps meinertzhageni Timmermann, 1954a. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (12), 7: 44, fig. 6b. Type host: Erolia alpina (Linnaeus) — Dunlin. Other New England host: Erolia maratima (Brunnich) — Purple Sandpiper. Male genitalia characterized by the long basal plate, which does not extend as far forward as the penis. The endomeral complex is in- verted, narrow and bottle shaped; parameres short, broad and strongly curved. Female similar to male but larger. Measurements: C. meinertzhageni ex. Erolia alpina d * Head Length .32 - .35 Head Width .26 - .28 Prothorax Width - Pterothorax Width - Abdomen Length - Abdomen Width - Total Length 1.24 - 1.31 * From Timmermann (1954a) (Range) Specimens Host Locality Hampton, NH 3 9 .36 .37 .36 .30 .30 .30 .16 .16 .16 .24 .22 .22 1.12 .93 1.09 .39 .40 .40 1.71 1.53 1.71 3 9 2 9 Erolia alpina Erolia maritima Date X-10-1964 X-24-1965 Collector J.E.K. B.Barrett Measurements: C. meinertzhageni ex. Erolia maritima 2 9 Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length .35 .28 .15 .93 .40 1.50 .37 .30 .15 1.06 .40 1.68 Carduiaeps zonarius (Nitzsch, 1866) Nirmus zonarius Nitzsch, 1866. Z. ges. NatWiss., 28: 274. Nirmus oomplexivus Kellogg and Chapman, 1899. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 75, pi. 6, fig. 3. Carduiaeps eroliae Carriker, 1956. Florida Ent . , 39: 123, figs. 68-70b. Carduiaeps pusillus Carriker, 1956. Florida Ent., 39: 125, figs. 70a, 71 and 72. Type host: Erolia minuta (Leisler) . 86 New England hosts: Calidvis oanutus (Linnaeus) — Knot. Erolia melanotos (Vieillot) — Pectoral Sandpiper. Erolia fusciaollis (Vieillot) — White-rumped Sandpiper. Erolia bairdii (Coues) — Baird's Sandpiper. Erolia minutilla (Vieillot) — Least Sandpiper. Ereunetes pusillus (Linnaeus) — Semipalmated Sandpiper. Crocethia alba (Pallas) — Sanderling. This species has been reported by Kellogg and Chapman (1899) from the Sanderling and the Least Sandpiper in California, Peters (1928) reports it from Ohio on Baird's Sandpiper, Pectoral Sandpiper, Least Sandpiper, Semipalmated Sandpiper and Sanderling. Geist (1931) reports it on the White-rumped Sandpiper in Ohio, Twinn (1935) in Manitoba on the Semipalmated Sandpiper, Peters (1936) records this species on the Knot, Florida; Pectoral Sandpiper, Virginia; White-rumped Sandpiper, Massachusetts, Ohio; Baird's Sandpiper, Massachusetts, Ohio; Least Sandpiper, Washington, D. C, South Carolina; Semipalmated Sandpiper, South Carolina; Sanderling, Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Ohio, South Carolina and Virginia. Procter (1938) on the Sanderling in Maine, Brimley (1938) on the Pectoral Sandpiper, White- rumped Sandpiper and Sanderling in North Carolina, Stirrett (1952) on the Pectoral Sandpiper and Least Sandpiper in Ontario, and Carriker (1956) on the White-rumped Sandpiper and Semipalmated Sandpiper in Kansas . Specimens Host Locality 1 slide Calidris oanutus Seabrook, NH 4 9, 2d 1 slide 2 slides 1 slide 1 slide 4 9, 2d 1 slide 1 slide 1 slide 1 slide 1 slide 1 9 Erolia melanotos Brunswick, Me. Erolia fusciaollis Marshfield ,Mass , " " N.Eastham.Mass. Erolia bairdii Ipswich, Mass . Ereunetes pusillus Hampton, NH " Seabrook, NH " " Hamrock ?,Mass, Croaethia alba Nahant , Mass. It II Marshfield ,Mass , Charlestown,RI Date IX-16-1935 IX-13-1965 IX-25-1928 X-26-1930 IX-16-1931 IX-16-1931 X-10-1964 IX-29-1936 X-11-1923 IX-24-1914 IX-24-1914 IX-28-1928 VIl-24-1961 Collector L.R.Nelson (USNM) H.Tyler MSB H.S.Peters (USNM) USNM MSB J.E.K. USNM J.O.Smith (USNM) USNM MSB MSB URI Coll. Carduiceps sp . I have collected a single female Carduiceps sp . from Limosa haemastica (Linnaeus) — Hudsonian Godwit, Plum Island, Essex County, Massachusetts, October 31, 1964. 87 Measurements : Head Length .45 Head Width .40 Prothorax Width .21 Pterothorax Width .30 Abdomen Length 1.20 Abdomen Width .54 Total Length 1.95 CHELOPISTES Chelopistes Keler, 1939. Nova Acta Leop. Carol, (n. f.), 8: 180. Type species: Rhopaloceras sty lifer (Nitzsch, 1818) (A synonym of Pediaulus meleagvidis Linnaeus, 1758). Virgula Clay, 1941 {nee Simpson, 1900). Parasitology, 33: 119. Type species: Goniodes meleagridis (Linnaeus, 1758). Triohomedea Carriker, 1945a. Rev. Acad. Colombia Sci., 6: 365. Type species: Triohomedea setosa Carriker, 1945a. Clay (1941) considers the form of the male clavus as the most con- stant and typical generic character. Male clavi transparent and consist of a basal portion prolonged distally into a fine point; in the female the clavi are normal. In knovm species the antennae are sexually di- morphic, the male having the distal pre-axial angle of the 3rd seg- ment produced. Pterothorax quite large with straight divergent lateral margins and a central sternal plate bearing hairs. Abdomen elongated and somewhat pointed posteriorly with segment I (true segment II) small in both sexes. Segments VIII and IX (true segments IX and X) of male are fused and elongated in an anteroposterior plane. In this genus the genital opening is ventral. Paratergal plates well marked with compli- cated re-entrant heads. Chelopistes meleagridis (Linnaeus, 1758) Pediaulus meleagridis Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10: 613. Philopterus stylifer Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent., 3: 294 (nn for P. meleagridis Schrank, 1781). Rhopaloceras styliferum Taschenberg, 1882. Nova Acta Leop. Carol., 44: 47. Type host: Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus — Turkey. This is the only species of the genus found in New England. It is easily distinguished from all other species of the genus by the temples in both sexes being greatly prolonged distally. It has been reported by Wilson (1928) from New York, Peters (1928) Ohio, Brimley (1938) North Carolina, Emerson (1940) Oklahoma, and by Brown and Wilk (1944) from Alberta. 88 COLUMBICOLA Columbicola Ewing, 1929. Manual External Parasites: 190. Type species: Pediculus oolumbae Linnaeus, 1758. Soricella Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1937. Entomologist, 70: 276. Type species: Soricella stveptopeliae Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1937. Phagopterus Freire and Duarte, 1944. Bol. Soc. Brasil. Med. Vet., 13: 13. Type species: Phagopterus columbae Freire and Duarte, 1944 (A synonym of Pediculus columbae Linnaeus, 1758). Head long and slender; forehead with sides almost straight; clypeal suture present; clypeus rounded and bearing above 2 pairs of spines, the front pair being flattened and porrect and the hind pair being recurved. Trabeculae small; antennae showing sexual dimorphism; those of male with the 3rd segment bearing an appendage; postantennal region of head slender, temples poorly developed and rounded. Pterothorax rectangular and bearing a tuft of long setae on each posterolateral angle. Abdomen very slender with heavily sclerotized pleural plates; genital armature of male with broad basal plate, almost straight, free parameres and poorly developed endomeres . Mallophaga of this genus parasitize birds of the order Columbif ormes . Columbicola columbae (Linnaeus, 1758) Pediculus columbae Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat. ed . 10: 614. Lipeurus baculus Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent . , 3: 293. Lipeurus antennatus Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 213. Phagopterus columbae Freire and Duarte, 1944. Bol. Soc. Brasil. Med. Vet., 13: 14, figs 1-3. Type host: Domestic Pigeon. This may well be the most common mallophagan found in any collec- tion and it is certainly the most thoroughly studied from a physio- logical point of view. Osborn (1896) states that it is not strange that it attracted the attention of early naturalists, as it occurs in wonderful abundance on almost every pigeon that may be examined, and its striking appearance, due to the extreme slenderness of the body, would at once catch the eye of the observer. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Domestic Pigeon Bar Harbor, Me. IX-7-1939 A.E.B. 1 slide " " Portland, Me. 11-10-1958 R.L.Blickle 1 slide " " Amherst, Mass. 11-29-1940 M.E.Smith (USNM) " " Boston, Mass. VI-19-1962 J.E.K. 1 slide " " Wellesley, Mass. V-6-1892 MCZ 1 slide " " Massachusetts 1-29-1909 MCZ 1 slide " " Durham, NH X-31-1962 A.H.Mason & W.J.Morse " " " " IX-21-1965 J.E.K. 89 Colimbicola macvourae (Wilson, 1941) E sthi op tenon macrourae Wilson, 1941. J. Parasit., 27: 262, figs. 5-8. Type host: Zenaidura macroura (Linnaeus) — Mourning Dove. Normally only 1 species of Columbicola is found upon a single host species. Columbicola maarourae appears to be restricted to the eastern part of the range of Zenaidura macroura, and is apparently replaced in the western part of the host range by Columbicola baculoides (Paine, 1912). This is one of the few examples of geographical distri- bution to be found in the Mallophaga. In almost all other cases mallophagan distribution is the same as host distribution. CRASPEDONIRMUS Craspedonirmus Thompson, 1940. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (11), 6: 516. Type species: Docophorus frontatus Nitzsch, 1866. (A synonym of Docophorus oolymbinus Denny, 1842). Colymbicola Uchida, 1948. Jap. Med. J., 1: 309. Type species: Docophorus graviceps Kellogg, 1896. (A synonym of Docophorus colymbinus Denny, 1842). Head broad, conical with rounded temples and prominent forehead; dorsal anterior plate shield shaped, concave in front, posteriorly with long acuminate tip; trabeculae small; antennae short, filiform and similar in the 2 sexes; lateral margins of head almost straight; pos- terior margin almost straight. Main feature of the head is its division into 2 by a dorsal line running transversely just posterior to the base of the antennae. Prothorax small; pterothorax larger, but neither as wide as the head at its widest point. Abdomen slightly more than 1 1/2 times as long as wide; 4th segment broadest; transverse bands continuous; pleurites strongly pigmented and sclerotized; tergites separated from the pleurites by a narrow clear area, almost rectangular; terminal segments of female bilobed; male genitalia small, parameres hooked at distal end. Members of this genus are parasitic on the order Gaviif ormes . Craspedonirmus colymbinus (Denny, 1842) Docophorus colymbinus Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 43 and 80, pi. 8, fig. 8. Nirmus frontatus Nitzsch, 1866. In Giebel, Z. ges. NatWiss, 28: 378. Docophorus bisetosus Piaget, 1885. Les Pediculines, Supplement: 17, pi. 2, fig. 6. Docophorus graviceps Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 82, pi. 3, fig. 3. Docophorus atricolor Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 93, pi. 3, fig. 9. Type host: Gavia stellata (Pontoppidan) — Red-throated Loon. 90 The only constant morphological difference between this species and the following is that C. colymbinus possesses at least 4 long setae on abdominal sternites III-VII, while C. immer (see below) possesses 2 long setae on abdominal sternites III-VII. Kellogg (1896) reported this species from California, and Thompson (1940) reports examining this species from a Diver collected in North American waters. Craspedonirmus immer Emerson, 1955a Craspedonirmus immer Emerson, 1955a. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (12), 8: 720. ti Type host: Gavia immer (Brunnich) — Common Loon. Peters (1936) reports this species from New Hampshire; Whitehead (1954) from Quebec and Emerson (1955a) described this species from a holo- type male and an allotype female collected at Boston, Massachusetts, 2 females from California, 1 male and 1 female from Washington, D. C. , 2 females and 1 male from Pennsylvania, all in the British Museum. He also reports 23 females and 2 males from Isles of Shoals, New Hampshire, in the USNM. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 3? (paratypes) Gavia immer Isles of Shoals, NH VI-1-1934 L.R.Nelson (MCZ) CRASPEDORRHYNCHUS Craspedorrhynchus Keler, 1938. Arb. Morph. Tax. Ent. Berlin-Dahlem, 5: 239. Type species: Dooophorus platystomus Burmeister, 1838. Falooeaus Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1938. Entomologist, 71: 275. Type species: Philopterus aquilinus (Denny, 1842). Head large with hyaline margin arising at the level of the clypeal suture. Dorsal anterior plate large and distinct; clypeal suture pro- longed inward on the dorsal surface of each side and passing down the median line of the head as a narrow suture to the level of the antennal fossae. Antennal bands of the head terminating in a point some distance beyond the anterior margin of the dorsal anterior plate. Trabeculae large. Antennae filiform and similar in the 2 sexes. Abdomen short and rounded with tergal plates I-VII widely separated medially in both males and females. Posterior margin of terminal abdominal segment rounded in males, emarginate in females. Members of this genus are parasitic on birds of the order Falconiformes excluding the family Falconidae. 91 Craspedorrhynchus ameri.canus Emerson, 1960 Craspedorrhynchus amerioanus Emerson, 1960. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 73: 40, figs. 9, 13, and 17. Type host: Buteo jamaicensis (Gmelin) — Red-tailed Hawk. In the males there are 14 or fewer long setae on the posterior margin of the pterothorax; abdominal sternite VI with a sparse row of setae; abdominal tergite II with more than 14 long setae and abdominal tergite VIII with 8 long setae. The females with the posterior mar- gin of the pterothorax with 12 long setae; the posterior margin of the vulva with 10 medium length setae and the posterior margin of tergite VIII with 14 long setae. Emerson (1960) records this species from Mississippi, Wisconsin, Utah, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, New York and New Jersey. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 7 ? , Icf Buteo jamaicensis Lincoln, Me. X-28-1935 W.J.Clayton 109 , 5 0* " " " " X-24-1940 W.J.Clayton 1 slide " " Richmond, Mass. X-27-1925 BMS 1 slide " " Winchester, NH IX-25-1933 L.R.Nelson (USNM) Craspedorrhynchus aquilinus (Denny, 1842) DoGophorus aquilinus Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 46 and 81, pl. 2, fig. 7. Docophorus chrysophthalmi Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 46 and 99, pl. 2 fig. 3. Philopterus triangulifer Gervais, 1844. Hist. Nat. Ins. 3: 342, pl. 49, fig. 4. Docophorus orbicularis Rudow, 1870. Z. ges. NatWiss., 35: 460. Docophorus pictus Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 74. Type host: Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus) — Golden Eagle. The Golden Eagle is not a common New England bird. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 2 9 , 2 rf , 9 imm. Aquila chrysaetos Goffstown, NH X-23-1961 Lacaillade Craspedorrhynchus buteonis (Packard, 1870) Docophorus buteonis Packard, 1870. Amer. Nat., 4: 93, pl. 1, fig. 3. Type host: Buteo lineatus (Gmelin) — Red-shouldered Hawk. In the males there are 4 long setae on the thoracic sternal plate between coxae II and III; genital sternal plate with 5 long setae on each side in indentations and median setae on the genital plate are present. The females have the posterior margin of tergite VIII with 12 long setae and the posterior central margin of abdominal sternite III with 20 long setae. 92 Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Buteo lineatus Massachusetts IV-10-1880 MCZ 4 cf " " Hanover, NH V-20-1892 CM, Weed 1 slide " " " " V-21-1892 CM. Weed (USNM) The collection of May 20, 1892 in the collection of the Entomology Department of the University of New Hampshire contains 4 males identi- fied by H. Osborn. He mentions this collection in "Insects Affecting Domestic Animals" (p. 218) and it is mentioned by Kellogg (1899a: 47). Craspedorrhynchus dilatatus (Rudow, 1869) Docophorus dilatatus Rudow, 1869. Beitr. Kenntn. Malloph.: 14. Docophorus eurygaster Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 69. Docophorus taurocephalus Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 471, pi. 65, fig. 1. Craspedorrhynchus buteolagopi Merisua, 1945. Ann. Ent . Fenn. , 2: 104, figs. 1, 2c, and 3c. Type host: Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan) — Rough-legged Hawk. As in C. buteonis the males of this species have 4 long setae on the thoracic sternal plate between coxae II and III; but the genital sternal plate has 4 long setae on each side instead of 5. The females resemble C. buteonis but have the posterior central margin of abdominal sternite III with 14 long setae. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Buteo lagopus Winchester, NH 1-7-1934 L.R.Nelson (USNM) Craspedorrhynchus haematopus (Scopoli, 1763) Pediculus haematopus Scopoli, 1763. Ent. Carniolica: 381. Pediculus strigis J. C Fabricius, 1775 (nee Pontoppidan, 1763). syst. Ent.: 806 (nn for P. haematopus Scopoli, 1763). Docophorus platy rhynchus Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent., 3: 290 {nn for P. haematopus Scopoli, 1763). Pediculus tinnunculi Latreille, 1818 (nee Linnaeus, 1758). In Guerin, Encyc. Meth. : ,,128, pi. 254, fig. 1. Docophorus asturinus Mjoberg, 1910. Ark. Zool., 6: 112, pi. 1, figs. 6-7. Type host: Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus) — Goshawk. This species is separated from all other members of the genus by the presence of 16 or more long setae on the posterior margin of the pterothorax in the male and 20 or more in the female. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Accipiter gentilis Martha's Vineyard , Mass . XI-10-1926 A.Keneston (BMS) 93 Craspedorrhynahus halieti (Osborn, 1896) Docophorus halieti Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent . (n. s.), 5: 218. Type host: Haliaeetus leucoaephalus (Linnaeus) — Bald Eagle. The males of this species are characterized by having abdominal tergite II with more than 14 long setae and abdominal tergite VIII with 10 long setae. The females have the posterior margin of the pterothorax with 12 long setae and the posterior margin of the vulva with 14 medium length setae. Peters (1936) reports this species from Alabama and Washington, D. C. and Stirrett (1952) from Ontario. Craspedorrhynahus subhaematopus Emerson, 1960 Craspedorrhynahus subhaematopus Emerson, 1960. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 73: 39, figs. 5-8. Type host: Aacipiter aooperii (Bonaparte) — Cooper's Hawk. The males have the thoracic sternal plate between coxae II and III with 2 long setae and pleural plates of abdominal segment IV each with at least 7 long setae. Females with 14 long setae on the posterior mar- gin of the pterothorax and pleural plates of abdominal segment VII each with 16 long setae. Emerson (1960) reports this species from Maryland, Florida, and Oregon. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Aaaipiter aooperii Branford, Conn. — Cornell Coll. CUCLOTOGASTER Cualotogaster Carriker, 1936. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 88: 67. Type species: Cualotogaster latiaorpus Carriker, 1936 (A synonym of Lipeurus heterographus Nitzsch, 1866). Gallipeurus Clay, 1938. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (B) , 108: 135. Type species: Lipeurus heterographus Nitzsch, 1866. Head longer than wide; front of head with hyaline margin and dorsal anterior plate lacking; trabeculae minute; antennae of female filiform; antennae of male with 1st segment enlarged and 3rd segment with an appendage; eye prominent with a long hair; postantennal region only slightly expanded. Prothorax small, sides divergent; pterothorax very much shortened, with sides broadly divergent and posterior margin not angulated; dorsally 4 patches of long setae on the posterior margin. Abdomen slender to elongate-oval, spiracles present on segments II-VII; lateral angles on female abdominal segments sharp and projecting. Mallophaga of this genus are ectoparasitic on birds of the order Galliformes . 94 Cuclotogaster heterographus (Nitzsch, 1866) Lipeurus heterographus Nitzsch, 1866. In Giebel, Z. ges. NatWiss., 28: 381. Gonioaotes burnetii Packard, 1870. Amer. Nat., 4: 94, fig. 26. Lipeurus pallidus Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 219. Lipeurus heterographus major Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines : 362. Gonioaotes eynsfordii Theobald, 1896. Parasitic Diseases Poultry: 26, fig. 8. Cuclotogaster laticorpus Carriker, 1936. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 88: 67, pi. 1, fig. 2. Type host: Chicken. This species is known as the "chicken head louse" and has a world- wide distribution. It is common throughout the United States and has been recorded by Wilson (1928) New York, Peters (1928) Ohio, Procter (1938) Maine, Brimley (1938) North Carolina, Emerson (1940) Oklahoma, and Brown and Wilk (1941) reported it on pheasant chicks in Alberta, Canada. C heterographus is the only species of the genus found in New England, therefore, the genus description will serve for identification of this species. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 3 cf Chicken Lincoln, Me. Fall 1940 W.J.Clayton 5 9 " Danville, NH IV-23-1956 11? , 70" " Durham, NH 1-30-1922 P.R.Lowry CUCULICOLA Cuculioola Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1939a. Entomologist 72: 165. Type species: Degeerielta laterostris (Burmeister, 1838). Head circumfasciate; no lateral indication of clypeal suture, but with a preantennal dorsal curved transverse suture. Clavi small; no occipital bands or signature. Pterothorax showing lateral indication of meso-metathoracic junction; meso- and metasternal hairs present. Abdo- men narrow and elongate; segment I small; tergal plates II-VI separated medially; sternal plate central; pleurites narrow with re-entrant heads. Male with segments VIII and IX small, the latter with narrow thickened marginal band. Terminal segment of female with flattened posterior margin. Cuculioola erythropthalmus Emerson, 1964a Cuculioola erythropthalmus Emerson, 1964a. Ent . News, 75: 69, figs. 1-3. Type host: Coccyzus erythropthalmus (Wilson) — Black-billed Cuckoo . 95 This is the only species of the genus found thus far on members of the family Cuculidae in New England. The Yellow-billed Cuckoo is a host for a species of this genus also. I have collected 1 male and 3 female Cuculicola sp. from the Yellow-billed Cuckoo but have been un- able to recover Cuculicola erythropthalmus Emerson, 1964a, from the Black-billed Cuckoo. The genus description is sufficient to determine this species. CUCULOECUS Cuculoecus Ewing, 1926. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 28: 148. Type species: Philopterus coccygi (Osborn, 1896). Clypeal region with a hyaline margin throughout, which in front is incurved or concave; dorsal anterior plate entire; clypeal bands not reaching the lateral margins of the head and each bearing dorsally, at its anterior end, a tuft of 3 or more long setae. Clavi large. Anten- nae similar in the 2 sexes. Eyes normal with evenly rounded corneas. Abdomen broad and stout; tergites of female interrupted in the middle. Genitalia of male with stout parameres and slender basal plate; endomeres fused into an endomeral plate which usually protrudes beyond the para- meres; penis present, but small and not well developed. Members of this genus are parasitic on the order Cuculiformes. Cuculoecus coccygi (Osborn, 1896) Docophovus coccygi Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n. s.), 5: 222, fig. 143. Docophovus latifrons occidentalis Kellogg, 1899 {nee 1896). Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci. , 6: 6, pi. 1, figs. 5 and 8. Type host: Coccyzus covericanus (Linnaeus) — Yellow-billed Cuckoo. At the present time, this is the only known species of the genus described from North America. With sufficient collecting a species of this genus should also be recovered from Coccyzus erythropthalmus (Wilson), the Black-billed Cuckoo. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Coccyzus americanus Winchester, NH VI-26-1935 L.R.Nelson (USNM) 1 imm. " " ~ ~ UNH CUMMINGSIELLA Dollabella Cummings, 1916 (nee Gistel, 1848). Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1916: 675. Type species: Dollabella testudinarius (Denny, 1842) (A synonym of Pediculus ovalis Scopoli, 1763). Cummingsiella Ewing, 1930b. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 43: 125 (nn for Dollabella Cummings, 1916). 96 Head roughly quadrangular, slightly longer than wide, with the anterior margin truncate and the sides of the forehead somewhat in- curved. Dorsal transverse suture at the level of the antennae absent. Trabeculae well developed, short, not extending beyond the level of the 1st antennal segment. Dorsal anterior plate well developed, broadly oval, evenly rounded in front and somewhat produced poster- iorly. Prothorax short, wider than long; pterothorax with lateral margins divergent and posterior margin convex. Abdomen elongate; tergites in both sexes extend across the segments and unite with the pleurites. Parameres of male genitalia slender elongate rods which turn inward in a bend and then pass straight to the distal end; penis a rod-shaped structure with large telomeres on either side. Cvrnmingsiella ambigua (Burmeister, 1838) Doaophorus amhiguus Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent . , 2: 426. DoGophorus amphiholus Giebel, 1961. Z. ges. NatWiss., 18: 314 (nn for D. ambiguus Burmeister, 1838). Doaophorus nivmoides Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 104, pi. 9, fig. 2. Doaophorus nirmoides major Waterston, 1912 {nea Kellogg, 1896). Ent. Mon. Mag. ,23: 62. Type host: Capetta gallinaga (Linnaeus) — Common Snipe. This is the only species of Cuwmingsiella found in New England. The genus description will serve to identify this species. I have found no published records of collections of C. ambigua in the United States. DEGEERIELLA Nirmus Nitzsch, 1818 (nea Hermann, 1804). Germar's Mag. Ent., 3: 291. Type species: Degeeriella disooaephalus (Burmeister, 1838) (By subsequent designation, Johnston and Harrison, 1911. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , 36: 326) . Degeeriella Neumann, 1906. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., 20: 60. (nn for Nirmus Nitzsch, 1818). Kelerinirmus Eichler, 1940. Zool. Anz., 130: 101. Type species: Nirmus fusaus Denny, 1842. Philopteridae not exceeding 3 mm in length; usually without marked sexual dimorphism, but females larger. Head circumf asciate ; marginal carina entire dorsally; ventrally it may be interrupted medially; hyaline margin may be apparent as a narrow rim around the anterior margin of the head; dorsal postantennal suture absent in all New England forms. Antennae filiform and similar in both sexes. Temporal carinae absent. Prothorax with rounded or parallel lateral margins and straight posterior margin; 1 posterolateral or posterior elongated seta on each side. Sternal plate narrowed anteriorly, normally with 3 setae on each side. Pterothorax with sides diverging. Abdomen with 9 apparent segments in the male and 8 in the female. 97 Clay (1958) has reviewed this genus and many of the following descriptions are from her revision. Begeeviella discocephalus disaocephalus (Burmeister, 1838) Nirmus discocephalus Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent . , 1: 430. Nirmus discocephalus amblys Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 499, pi. 67, fig. 6. Type host: Haliaeetus alhicilla (Linnaeus) — Gray Sea Eagle. New England host: Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus) — Bald Eagle. Marginal carina thick and entire; ventral suture reaches to or nearly to inner margin of marginal carina. Posterodorsal setae of mar- gin of pterothorax 4-6 on each side, omitting the lateral spine-like seta and the seta with sunken alveolus. Tergite II with median un- sclerotized area, tergite III somewhat narrowed medially. The female of this species differs from all other Begeeviella in having 2, occasion- ally 1, seta in the middle of the anterior region of tergite IX. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Halliaeetus leucocephalus Waltham, Mass. XI-12-1921 R.H.Howe (USNM) Begeeviella fulva (Giebel, 1874) Nivmus fuscus Nitzsch, 1861 (nea Denny, 1842). In Giebel, Z. ges. NatWiss. , 17: 525. Nivmus fulvus Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 124. Nivmus angustus Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 126. Nivmus flavidus Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 301. Begeeviella giebeli Hopkins, 1947. Entomologist, 80: 77 {nn for N. fuscus Nitzsch, 1861). Begeeviella bovealis Carriker, 1956. Florida Ent., 39: 41, figs. 38 and 40b. Begeeviella genitalis Carriker, 1956. Florida Ent., 39: 43, figs. 38 and 42. Type host: Aquila chvysaetos (Linnaeus) — Golden Eagle. Other New England hosts: Buteo jamaicensis (Gmelin) — Red-tailed Hawk. Buteo lineatus (Gmelin) — Red-shouldered Hawk. Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan) — Rough-legged Hawk. Inner dorsal margin of marginal carina indented medially; ventral suture passes to anterior margin of head. Dorsal head sutures not ap- parent. Tergite II only with definite median unsclerotized indenta- tion. Pleural thickening of segments III-VI usually with well developed re-entrant heads, inner edges comparatively straight. Maximum and minimum measurements of specimens from Buteo spp. (from Clay, 1958) : 98 Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Pterothorax Width Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length .50 .38 .23 .38 .00 .48 .75 .58 .47 .30 .48 1.32 .67 2.23 Specimens Host Locality 1 slide Buteo jcovaioensis Harpswell, Me. 1 slide " " Winchester, NH 1 slide Buteo lagopus Rye, NH 2 slides " " Winchester, NH Date XI-28-1926 IX-25-1933 IX-1-1934 1-7-1934 Collector A. 0. Gross (USNM) L.R.Nelson (USNM) L.R.Nelson (USNM) L.R.Nelson (USNM) 118. rit . Mus , Zbl., 73; Degeeriella fusca (Denny, 1842) Nirmus fuscus Denny, 1942. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 49 and Nirmus aeruginosi Denny, 1952. List Brit. Animals in I pi. 11, Anoplura: 16 {nn for N. fuscus Denny, 1842). Nirmus socialis Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 127. Kelerinirmus airci Boetticher and Eichler, 1954. Biol. 215. Type host: Circus aeruginosis (Linnaeus). New England host : Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus) — Marsh Hawk. Dorsal surface of head with an area of lighter sclerotization be- tween the anterior dorsal setae. Inner dorsal margin of marginal carina indented medially. Tergites II-III with median indentation; central area of tergite II more strongly pigmented than lateral areas. Pleural thickening broad and strongly pigmented with dark inner line, contrasting with the rather lightly sclerotized terga but not as marked in Circus cyaneus as in Circus aeruginosus . Peters (1936) reports this species from Alabama, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania and South Carolina; Brimley (1938) North Carolina; Emerson (1940) Oklahoma; and Whitehead (1954) from Quebec. Specimens Host 1 9 1 slide 1 record Circus cyaneus Locality Cape Cod, Mass, Newmarket, NH Date X-15-1901 Collector UNH C.M.Herman E.G.Davis 99 Degeerielta nisus nirus (Giebel, 1866) Nirrr.us nisus Giebel, 1866. Z. ges . NatWiss., 28: 364. Type host: Aaoi-piter nisus (Linnaeus). New England host: Accipitev stnatus Vieillot — Sharp-shinned Hawk. Inner edge of marginal carina straight or with slight median inden- tation; small area of dorsal thickening immediately below marginal carina; ventral suture does not reach to anterior margin of head. Mar- ginal temporal carinae broad with many indentations. Terga II-III indented medially. Pleural thickening broad with ventral outline convex. Measurements: Degeeriella nisus nisus (Giebel, 1866) (from Clay, 1958) (Mean) cT Head Length .49 Head Width .36 Prothorax Width .23 Pterothorax Width . 36 Abdomen Length . 99 Abdomen Width .48 Total Length 1.72 Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Accipiter striatus Winchester, NH X-22-1932 L.R.Nelson (USNM) A subspecies of D. nisus, Degeeriella nisus vagans (Giebel, 1874), is found on the Goshawk, Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus), and Cooper's Hawk, Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte). It differs from D. nisus in the larger average size in both sexes, the inner edge of the marginal carina, which is usually more in- dented medially, and the narrower and less indented marginal carinae of the temples. Measurements: Degeeriella nisus vagans (Giebel, 1874) (from Clay, 1958) (Mean) cT Head Length .54 Head Width .42 Prothorax Width .28 Pterothorax Width .44 Abdomen Length 1.11 Abdomen Width .57 Total Length 1.94 100 Degeeriella regalis vegalis (Giebel, 1866) Nirmus regalis Giebel, 1866. Z. ges. NatWiss., 28: 364. Nirmus vittatus Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa : 127. Nirmus appendiculatus Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines : 132, pi. 11, fig. 2. Nirmus inoertus Piaget, 1885. Les Pediculines, Supplement: 20, pi. 2, fig. 9. Nirmus curvilineatus Kellogg and Kuwana, 1902. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. , 4: 470, pi. 29, fig. 4. Nirmus pseudophaeus Carriker, 1902. Univ. Stud. Nebr., 3: 143, pi. 3, fig. 1. Type host: Milvus milvus Linnaeus. New England host: Buteo jamaiaensis (Gmelin) — Red-Tailed Hawk. The Red-tailed Hawk is also the host for Degeeriella fulva. D. regalis regalis superficially resembles D. fulva but can be separated by the number of sternocentral setae. Seg. II-Vl D. FULVA normally 4 D. REGALIS normally 6 on seg. II normally 8 on segs . III-VI Degeeriella rufa rufa (Burmeister) Nirmus rufus Burmeister, 1838. Handb . Ent . , 2: 430. Nirmus fasaiatus Rudow, 1869. Beitr. Kenntn. Malloph.: 20. Nirmus quadrati colli s Rudow, 1870. Z. ges. NatWiss., 35: 469. Nirmus nitzschi Giebel, 1874 (nee Ponton, 1871). Insecta Epizoa: 125. Nirmus burmeisteri Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 126. Nirmus platyalypeatus Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 145, pi. 12, fig.l. Kelerinirmus rufus boliviensis Eichler, 1954. Beitr. Fauna Perus , 4: 38. Degeeriella rufa drosti Timmermann, 1955. Nattururuf raedingurinn 1: 49 (,nn for N. nitzschi Giebel, 1874). Degeeriella masumae Ansari, 1955. Proc, VII Pakistan Sci. Conf . , Biology: 42, Degeeriella splendidus Ansari, 1955. Proc. VII Pakistan Sci. Conf., Biology: 42. Degeeriella faloonoides Carriker, 1956. Florida Ent., 39: 42, figs. 39 and 40a. Degeeriella rufa applanata Tendeiro, 1958a. Bol. Cult. Guine Port., 13: 33, fig. 3-2 and photos 5-6. Degeeriella rufa suhbutionis Tendeiro, 1958a. Bol. Cult. Guine Port., 13: 43, fig, 3-4 and photos 11-12. Degeeriella rufa olayae Tendeiro, 1958a. Bol. Cult. Guine Port., 13: 47, figs. 3-5, and photos 15-16. Type host: Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus. 101 New England hosts: Falco peregrinus Tunstall — Peregrine Falcon. Faloo columbavius Linnaeus — Pigeon Hawk. Inner edge of marginal carina not or slightly indented medially; ventral suture variable in form, does not reach anterior margin of head. Tergites II-III with median indentation, that of III occasional- ly partly occluded; tergites of segment IX in male present as 2 well marked sclerites; penial sclerite absent. Female with tergites IX-XI fused with a continuous unsclerotized area around the 2 setae on each side. Genital plate differs from all other species in North America in having a central posterior prolongation. Measurements : D. rufa vufa from Falco tinnunoulus (from Clay, 1958) (Mean) d ? Head Length .50 .53 Head Width .40 .43 Prothorax Width .26 .28 Pterothorax Width .37 .41 Abdomen Length 1.15 1.31 Abdomen Width .53 .59 Total Length 1.90 2.14 Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 2 ?, 2cf Falco peregrinus Lincoln, Me. Jan. -June, 1941 W.J.Clayton A subspecies of D. rufa, Degeeriella rufa aarruthi Emerson, 1953, is found on the Sparrow Hawk, Faloo sparverius Linnaeus. This subspecies has a narrower preantennal region, the anterior margin sometimes being rather pointed, but this character may be absent. In the male there is only 1 seta on each side of the ventral endo- meral arm instead of 2 as in D. rufa rufa. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 c" Falco sparverius Epsom, NH VIII-19-1964 J.E.K. 1 cf " " Litchfield, NH VIII-25-1964 J.E.K. FALCOLIPEURUS Falcolipeurus Bedford, 1931. Rept. Vet. Res. S. Africa, 17: 290. Type species: Esthiopterum secretarium (Giebel, 1874). Trollipeurus Zlotorzycka, 1963. Ang. Parasit., 4: 3. Genotype: Trollipeurus eichleri Zlotorzycka, 1963 (A synonym of Falcolipeurus marginalis (Osborn, 1902). 102 Elongate Philopteridae; adults average 3 to 5 millimeters in length. Head longer than wide; forehead rounded in front with 4 to 6 circular incrassations on lateral margins; clypeal signature absent; eyes present. Postantennal region slightly wider than preantennal region. Mandibles set between antennae. Longitudinal band on each side of ventral surface of occiput extending to base of mandible. Gular plate well developed. Antennae 5 segmented, normal in female; 1st segment enlarged with appendage on posterior margin in male, 3rd segment produced apically into a long, curved hook. Prothorax with sides subparallel; pterothorax slightly wider than prothorax. Abdomen with well developed paratergal plates on abdominal segments I-VII usually connected by less developed median bands; tergite VIII usually with complete transverse plate. Spiracles present on abdominal segments II-VII. Falcolipeurus marginalis (Osborn, 1902) Lipeurus marginalis Osborn, 1902. Ohio Nat., 2: 176. Lipeurus assessor minor Kellogg and Paine, 1910 (nee Piaget, 1880). Ent. News, 21: 460. Trollipeurus eichleri Zlotorzycka, 1963. Ang . Parasit., 4: 5, figs. 3-6. Type host: Cathartes aura (Linnaeus) — Turkey Vulture. Head long, rounded in front, slightly narrowing apically, pos- terior margin slightly emarginate. There are 6 inflated incrassa- tions along the border anterior to the antennae, 3 on each side. Pterothorax and abdominal segments with slender dark marginal lines. Legs with narrow black borders on the outer margin of femur and tibia. Described from 2 females collected at Ames, Iowa. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 7? , 9cf Coragyps atratus Lincoln, Me. VI-17-1938 W.J.Clayton The above collection was made from Coragyps atratus (Bechstein) — Black Vulture, which is also a host for this species of mallophagan but a very rare bird in New England. Measurements: Falcolipeurus marginalis (Osborn, 1902) 5 cf 5 9 Total Length 3.27 - 3.37 3.49 - 3.73 (3.33) (3.58) The number in parentheses is the mean. 103 Faloolipeurus suturalis (Rudow, 1869a) Lipeurus quadripustulatus Denny, 1842 (nee Burmeister, 1838). Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 58 and 167, pi. 16. Lipeurus suturalis Rudow, 1869a. Beitr. Kenntn. Malloph. : 44. Lipeurus dennyi Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 211. {nn for L. quadripustulatus Denny, 1842). Lipeurus variopictus Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 211 (in par- tirr,) . Type host: Aquila ohrysaetos (Linnaeus) — Golden Eagle. I have no information concerning this species of Mallophaga. FULICOFFULA Fulicoffula Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1938. Entomologist, 71: 279. Type species: Esthiopterum luridum (Nitzsch, 1818). Stresemanniella Eichler, 1940. Zool. Anz . , 130: 104. Type species: Lipeurus rotundatus Piaget, 1888. Sakoskida Carriker, 1953. Florida Ent . , 36: 153. Type species: Lipeurus pioturatus Kellogg, 1896 (A synonym of Lipeurus longiphilus Kellogg, 1896). Elongate Philopteridae . Head with large dorsal anterior plate bearing a median longitudinal slit and a striated anterior margin; clypeal suture distinct and continued inward across the dorsal surface of the head and down the median line as a narrow suture as far as the mandibles. Trabeculae small and similar in the 2 sexes; antennae sexually dimorphic; gular plate large. Abdomen narrow and elongate, with segment IX bilobed in the male and more deeply bilobed in the female, and partly flanked on each side by a pointed prolongation of segment VIII. Male genitalia with parameres always broadened and unthickened dorsally. Fulicoffula americana Emerson, 1960b Fulicoffula americana Emerson, 1960b. J. Kansas Ent. Soc, 33: 162, figs. 1-4. Type host: Porzana Carolina (Linnaeus) — Sora. Head wider in male than in female. Temples rounded with a long seta at each posterolateral angle. Prothorax square with rounded angles; pterothorax longer than wide with 2 setae at each postero- lateral angle. Abdomen elongate with segments VI-VIII short in the male; a pair of short setae on each tergite and sternite. Female genital plate with a fringe of fine hairs; male genitalia with a prominent mesosomal plate. There are 2 species of Fulicoffula found on Porzana Carolina, therefore, all records prior to the publication by Emerson (1960b) are subject to re-examination. He reports this species from New York, Oklahoma, Virginia and Kansas. 104 Fuliooffula comstooki (Kellogg and Chapman, 1902) Lipeurus comstooki Kellogg and Chapman, 1902. J. N. Y. Ent . Soc. , 10: 23, pi. 3, fig. 2. Type host: Rallus limicola Vieillot — Virginia Rail. Head elongate conical, front rounded, a short hair at the clypeal suture; sides of head diverging slightly with a short fine hair in front of the trabeculae; eye small with a fine bristle; temporal margins parallel; occipital margin concave. Prothorax almost square; pterothorax quadrangular, longer than wide, posterior margin with a narrow acute median angle on the abdomen. Abdomen long and narrow, segments gradually widening to the 4th, 5th and 6th segments; postero- lateral angles with 1 or 2 long hairs. This rare Mallophaga was described from 1 female collected in New York. Peters (1928) reports this species from Ohio. Fuliooffula distincta Emerson, 1960b Fuliooffula distincta Emerson, 1960b. J. Kansas Ent. Soc, 33: 162, figs. 5-7. Type host: Povzana Carolina (Linnaeus) — Sora. This is an atypical species that Emerson (1960b) separated from all other species by the following characteristics: Narrow head in both sexes; short stout spines on the posterior margin of the female genital plate; short abdominal segments IV-V in the male; long, slender, simple parameres, and the absence of a prominent mesosomal plate in the male genitalia. This species has been collected in Oklahoma, Idaho, Florida, Mississippi, and New York. Fuliooffula longiphila (Kellogg, 1896) Lipeurus longiphilus Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 119, pi. 7, fig. 7. Lipeurus piaturatus Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 121, pi. 8, figs. 1-2. Type host: Fulica ameriaana Gmelin — American Coot. Head elongate, conical, with A marginal hairs in front of suture and 3 behind it. Antennae of male with 2nd segment largest, 3rd with a claw-like distal end; filiform, normal in female. Antennal bands broad, dark and straight; temporal margins bordered with black. Pro- thorax almost square; pterothorax quadrangular, longer than wide; anterior angles diagonally truncate; posterior margin straight, with 3 long setae and 1 shorter seta in each posterolateral angle. Abdomen elongate, 1st segment narrower than thorax at articulation, segments gradually widening to the 5th and narrowing to the 9th. 105 Measurements: Fulicoffula longiphila (Kellogg, 1896) (from Kellogg, 1896) Head Length Head Width Width Total Length .53 .55 .35 .35 .40 .50 2.40 2.65 Locality Wenham Lake , Mass . Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Fulica amerioana Wenham Lake, Mass. X-5-1923 W.S.Brooks (BMS Coll.) GONIOCOTES Goniocotes Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent . , 2: 431. Type species: Rioinus gallinae DeGeer, 1778 (By subsequent designation, Johnston and Harrison, 1911, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , 36: 326) . Diatyocotes Keler, 1939. Nova Acta Leop. Carol. (n. f.), 8: 153. Type species: Goniocotes haplogonus Nitzsch, 1866. The general characteristics of the genus Goniocotes are quite similar to those of the genus Goniodes Nitzsch, 1818, except that this genus is smaller in size and the antennae of the male are never appen- diculated. The antennae of the males sometimes have the 1st and 2nd segments larger than the corresponding segments of the females. Meso- and metathorax fused into a pterothorax. Parameres of the male genitalia very elongate stylets. Members of this genus are ectopara- sitic on birds of the order Galliformes. Goniocotes chrysocephalus Giebel, 1874 Goniocotes chrysocephalus Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 189. Type host: Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus — Ring-necked Pheasant. Emerson (1951) reports this species from Montana. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Phasianus colchicus Mt . Carmel, Conn. IV-18-1943 G.H. Plumb 1 slide " " W.Greenwich, RI IV-15-1958 J . A.Mathewson I have been unable to find a description of this species and with the existing figures it is impossible for me to distinguish this species from Goniocotes gallinae (DeGeer, 1778). Emerson (1951) states that he was unable to find many instances of lice infesting birds which were not considered the normal hosts. Therefore, these are quite likely G. chrysocephalus . 106 Goniocotes gallinae (DeGeer, 1778) Ricinus gallinae DeGeer, 1778. Mem. Hist. Ins., 7: 79, pi. 4, fig. 15. Philopterus hologaster Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent., 3: 294 (nn for R. gallinae DeGeer, 1778). Type host: Chicken. This species has 2 long setae on the temporal lobes directed caudad; abdominal segments with very slender lateral bands which are widely separated medially; color pale yellow. This mallophagan is known as the "fluff louse". I did not actively collect Mallophaga from domestic chickens during the course of this study but I have seen this species collected from a Ruffed Grouse, Pittsfield, N. H. , March 2, 1964, A. H. Mason. The USNM also has several slides of this species collected from the same host. GONIODES Goniodes Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent., 3: 293. Type species: Goniodes pavonis (Linnaeus, 1758) (By subsequent designation, Johnston and Harrison, 1911. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., 36: 326). Gonocephalus Keler, 1937. Arb. Morph. Tax. Ent. Berlin-Dahlem, 4: 130. Type species: Goniodes cheliaomis Denny, 1842 (A synonym of Goniodes bituberculatus Rudow, 1869)- Gonotyles Keler, 1939. Nova Acta Leop. -Carol. (n. f.), 8: 48. Type species: Goniodes oevvinioomis Giebel, 1874. Oulocrepis Keler, 1939. Nova Acta Leop. -Carol. (n. f.), 8: 97. .Type species: Goniodes dissimilis Denny, 1842. Solenodes Keler, 1939. Nova Acta Leop. -Carol. (n. f.), 8: 101. Type species: Goniodes dispar Burmeister, 1838. Astrocotes Keler, 1939. Nova Acta Leop. -Carol. (n. f.), 8: 109. Type species: Goniocotes asterocephalus Burmeister, 1838. Astrodes Keler, 1939. Nova Acta Leop. -Carol. (n. f.), 8: 113. Type species: Goniocotes coronatus Giebel, 1874. Homocerus Keler, 1939. Nova Acta Leop. -Carol. (n. f.), 8: 117. Type species: Goniocotes macro cephalus Taschenberg, 1882. Stenocrotaphus Keler, 1939. Nova Acta Leop. -Carol. (n. f.), 8: 124. Type species: Goniocotes gigas Taschenberg, 1879. Margaritenes Keler, 1939. Nova Acta Leop. -Carol. (n. f.), 8: 132. Type species: Goniodes eurygaster Piaget, 1885. Kelerigoniodes Conci, 1946. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., 76: 77. Type species: Goniodes processus Kellogg and Paine, 1914. Claygoniodes Conci, 1946. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., 76: 77. Type species: Goniodes extraneus Clay, 1940 (A synonym of Goniodes temporalis (Keler, 1939). Archigoniodes Conci, 1946. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., 76: 77. Type species: Goniodes wilsoni Clay, 1938. 107 Head circumfasciate; clypeal margin flattened or broadly rounded with clypeal angles prominent. Head without ventral sclerotized spine- like processes. Clavi undeveloped, represented by membranous lobes. Temporal angle with lateroventral process bearing a small hair or spine in at least 1 sex, and usually in both. Occipital margin drawn out posteriorly to form an angle bearing a small hair or spine. Antennae may or may not be sexually dimorphic but in males segments IV-V are never modified or greatly reduced. Pterothorax without lateral indi- cation of meso-metathoracic junction and always bearing ventrolaterally a fine hair arising from a pit in the integument. Hairs either present or absent on meso-metasternum; never present on metasternum alone. Abdomen with 1st segment large with free lateral margin. Abdominal segments I-VII with tergal plates widely separated and sternal thicken- ings in form of lateral, never median, plates. Pleurites broad with complex re-entrant heads. Abdominal segment VII with fine lateral hair arising from a pit in the integument. Abdomen of males consisting of 9 segments, 8th greatly reduced and appearing as a lateral rudi- ment on each side; genital opening dorsal and bearing long setae on the anterior and posterior margins. Abdomen of females consisting of apparently 8 segments, actually 10. Tergal plate VIII continuous across segment; vulva either terminal or at level of 7th segment and variable in form. Goniodes honasus Emerson, 1948 Goniodes honasus Emerson, 1948. J. Kansas Ent . Soc, 21: 92, figs. 1-4. Type host: Bonasa wnbellus (Linnaeus) — Ruffed Grouse. Female with clypeal margin broadly rounded. Temporal angle with lateroventral process bearing a seta and a short spine. Head wider than long. Prothorax 1/2 as wide as head, with nearly straight sides diverging from front to rear. Pterothorax triangular. Male antenna with 1st segment enlarged, without a process; 3rd produced distally at right angles to the 4th segment. Abdomen more rounded than in female; pleurites each with 3 or 4 long dorsal setae. Emerson (1948) reported this species from Montana. Emerson (1951) reported it from New York, Montana and Colorado. Goniodes colohici Denny, 1942 Goniodes colohici Denny, 1942. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 56 and 158, pi. 12, fig. 4. Goniodes colchicus Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 200. Type host: Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus — Ring-necked Pheasant. This species has no meso-metasternal setae. The sternal plates on abdominal segments undivided; dorsal chaetotaxy of the 1st abdominal segment, 2-8-2. Female with 12 to 15 setae in a concentration at each posterolateral angle of the vulva. Geist (1931) has reported this species from Ohio and Emerson (1951) from California, Iowa, Montana, Oregon, British Columbia, and Ontario. 108 Goniodes dissimilis Denny, 1842 Goniodes dissimilis Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 57 and 162, pi. 12, fig. 6. Goniodes dissimilis bankiva Piaget , 1880. Les Pediculines: 269. Type host: Chicken. This is the "brown chicken louse" common throughout the United States. It will be discussed together with the following species, G. gigas (Taschenberg, 1879) which is also a parasite of the chicken. Goniodes gigas (Taschenberg, 1879) Goniocotes hologaster Denny, 1842 (nee Nitzsch, 1818). Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 56 and 153, pi. 13, fig. 4. Goniocotes gigas Taschenberg, 1879. Z. ges . NatWiss., 52: 104, pi. 1, fig. 10. _ Goniocotes ahdominalis Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 238, pi. 20, fig. 9. Type host: Guinea Fowl. New England host: Chicken. G. gigas is known as the "large chicken louse" and is common on the domestic chicken. G. dissimilis and G. gigas may be distinguished by the following key: Antennae similar in the 2 sexes . Three long setae on each temple G. gigas Antennae sexually dimorphic. Two long setae on each temple G. dissimilis No attempt was made to collect Mallophaga from the chicken during the course of this study. INCIDIFRONS Incidifrons Ewing, 1929. Manual External Parasites: 111 and 189. Type species: Philopterus pertusus Burmeister, 1838 (A synonym of Pediculus fulicae Linnaeus, 1758). Head large, with conspicuous rounded temples and prominent forehead with slightly concave sides. Anterior margin of head deeply incised or notched, the notch being flanked by converging, hyaline flaps. Dorsal anterior plate conspicuous, undivided. Trabeculae large. Antennae short and similar in the 2 sexes. Pterothorax broader than long, sides divergent, posterior margin either outwardly rounded or angulate. Abdomen stout, with 9 segments, the last being very small; abdominal spiracles conspicuous, 6 pairs. Members of the genus Incidifrons are ectoparasitic on birds of the order Gruiformes. 109 Incidifrons monachus (Kellogg and Paine, 1911) DoGophorus pertusus monachus Kellogg and Paine, 1911, Ent. News, 22: 75, fig. 1. Type host: Rallus limioola Vieillott-Virginia Rail. Head with 8 hairs on each side of the clypeus . Clypeus extending from the trabeculae to the expansion of the pincer-like preantennal region. Dorsal surface of 1st abdominal segment sinuous and projected caudad medially and at each posterolateral angle; 16 setae on the posterior margin of segment V, with the number diminishing anteriorly and posteriorly. This species was described from 1 male collected at Monterey, California, and appears to be only published record of the species in North America. Incidifrons tvanspositus (Kellogg, 1896) Docophorus tvanspositus Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6; 478, pi. 65, fig. 6. Type host: Fulica americana Gmelin — American Coot. Head with closed forcep-points ; trabeculae reaching beyond segment 1 of the antennae; temporal margins with 2 long setae and a short one between them; temporal region dark brown with a narrow black border; a narrow black occipital border. Prothorax with rounded sides and angles. Abdomen obovate; segments III-VI with 2 or 3 short hairs. Kellogg (1896) described this species from a single female col- lected in Kansas. Peters (1928) reports it from Ohio, Peters (1936) reports it from Illinois, North Carolina, and South Carolina, Brimley (1938) records it from North Carolina, and Whitehead (1954) from Quebec. Measurements : Incidifrons tvanspositus (from Kellogg, 1896) ? Head Length .56 Head Width .59 Abdomen Width .90 Total Length 2.00 LAGOPOECUS Lagopoecus Waterston, 1922. Ent. Mon. Mag., 58: 159. Type species: Nivmus camevatus Burmeister, 1838. Head longer than wide, rounded in front. Eyes prominent, each with a long seta. Antennae filiform and similar in the 2 sexes. Temples convexly rounded, each with 2 long setae; cephalic margin without setae. Prothorax short, wide, with 1 long seta at each post- erolateral angle. Pterothorax short, wide, with posterior setae. Ab- domen short and wide. Tergal plates with median setae; long setae in 110 the posterolateral angles; and post spiracular setae. Sternal plates with a pair of median setae. Members of this genus are parasitic on birds of the order Galliformes. Lagopoeaus oolchicus Emerson, 1949 Lagopoeaus oolchicus Emerson, 1949. J. Kansas Ent . Soc, 22: 78, fig. 6. Degeeriella brionica Vrazic, 1956. Vet. Arhiv. Zagreb, 26: 124, 128, and 131. Type host: Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus — Ring-necked Pheasant. Clypeal margin evenly rounded, with scattered small setae. Eyes prominent, each with 1 long seta. Temples rounded, each with 2 long setae and 3 short setae. Cephalic margin without setae. Prothorax short, narrow, with 1 long seta on each posterolateral angle. Ptero- thorax twice as wide as long. Abdominal tergal plates with 8 median setae and 1 post-spiracular seta on each posterolateral angle. Pleural plates of segments III-IV, each with 1 long seta; segments V-VIII, each with 2 long setae. Sternal plates with 2 median setae. Emerson (1950) records this species from Utah, Michigan, Illinois, and Montana. Specimens Host Locality 1 slide Phasianus colchicus Mt.Carmel, Conn. 1 slide " " Massachusetts Date lV-18-1942 IV-26-1926 Collector G.H. Plumb Peters (MCZ Coll.) Lagopoecus sinensis (Sugimoto, 1930) Degeeriella sinensis Sugimoto, 1930, 2: 130, pi. 3-4. Type host: Chicken. J. Soc. Trop. Agric. Taiwan, I have no information concerning this species of Lagopoecus. Lagopoecus umbellus Emerson, 1950 Lagopoeaus umbellus Emerson, 1950. J. Kansas Ent. Soc, 23: pi. 1, fig. 8, and pi. 2, fig. 6. Type host: Bonasa umbellus (Linnaeus) — Ruffed Grouse. 101, Head with clypeal margin evenly rounded and with small scattered setae. Eyes prominent, each with a long seta. Temples convexly rounded, each with 2 long setae; caudal margin without setae. Prothorax short, wide, with 1 long seta at each posterolateral angle. Pterothorax more than twice as wide as long, with 8 long setae in groups of 2 each ar- ranged along the posterior margin. Abdomen with 1 pair of sternal setae on each abdominal segment. Vulva of female with posterior marginal row of short setae. Peters (1936) reports this species from New York and Pennsylvania, Brimley (1938) from North Carolina, and Emerson (1950) from Idaho, Pennsylvania, New York and Ontario. Ill Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 23 9, 5 cj* Bonasa wnhellus Bar Harbor, Me. VII-23-1936 A.E.B. LIPEURUS Lipeurus Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent . , 3: 292. Type species: Pediaulus aaponis Linnaeus, 1758 (By subsequent designation. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) . Long and slender Philopteridae. Head rounded in front, that of male usually with a post-antennal constriction, width at temples usually less than width at widest part of preantennal region. Females differ in having no post-antennal constriction and in having the width at the temples equal to, or greater than, the preantennal width. Trabeculae of female shorter than in male and triangular in outline; those of male narrow, curved on the anterior margin. Antennae of male with 1st segment enlarged and extended, bearing a short appendage. Third segment with distal angle projected. Antennae of female filiform. Preantennal region without suture or modification of the integument. Prothorax without lateral setae or spines; meso-metathoracic junction usually visible on the lateral margin of the pterothorax. Abdomen elongate, pleurites without complex re-entrant heads and similar in both sexes. Tergal plates of male transversely continuous; setae few; female with thickening in the form of tergal plates on abdominal segments II-VI, usually more pronounced toward the center, forming a central hour-glass pattern, not always apparent. Lipeurus aaponis (Linnaeus, 1758) Pediaulus aaponis Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10: 614. Lipeurus variabilis Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent., 2: 43A. Nirmus tessellatus Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 49 and 121, pi. 7, fig. 2. Lipeurus antennatus Piaget, 1885 (nee Giebel, 1874). Les Pediculines, Supplement: 75, pi. 8, fig. 3. Lipeurus variabilis alpha Kellogg, 1908. In Wytsman's Gen. Ins., 66, Mallophaga: 45. Lipeurus variabilis beta Kellogg, 1908. In Wytsman's Gen. Ins., 66, Mallophaga: 45. Lipeurus variabilis gamma Kellogg, 1908. In Wytsman's Gen. Ins., 66, Mallophaga: 45. Lipeurus lineatus McGregor, 1917a (nee Giebel, 1874). Psyche, 24: 114, pi. 7, figs. 2 and 5. Lipeurus dovei McGregor, 1918. Psyche, 25: 46 {nn for L. lineatus McGregor, 1917a, nee Giebel, 1874). Lipeurus formosanus Sugimoto, 1929 (nee Uchida, 1917). Rept. Dept. Agri. Res. Inst. Formosa, 43: 53. Lipeurus aaponis boraherti Eichler, 1953a. Mh. Vet. Med., 8: 566, fig. Lipeurus bakeri Carriker, 1956. Florida Ent., 39: 128, fig. 76. Type host: Chicken. 112 Body long and slender; abdomen with comparatively few scattered setae on the dorsum, these setae not confined to form a wide median stripe, front of head evenly rounded. In the male, post-antennal con- striction present; greatest width of head in the preantennal region. This mallophagan has a world-wide distribution on the domestic chicken. It is known as the "wing louse" and is the only species com- monly found on the primary and secondary wing feathers. Lipeurus maoulosus Clay, 1938 Lipeurus maoulosus Clay, 1938. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (B) , 108; 116, figs. 5a, 6a, and pi. 1, fig. e. Type host: Phasianus aolchiaus Linnaeus — Ring-necked Pheasant. I do not have a description of this species of Lipeurus. The genus Lipeurus does not naturally occur on New World Galliformes and a great many of the Ring-necked Pheasants in New England are raised in state game farms and released reducing the chances for infestation by Mallophaga. Emerson (1951) has reported this species from Connecticut, New Jersey, Oregon, Wisconsin, and British Columbia. LUNACEPS Lunaceps Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1939. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (11), 4: 450. Type species: Degeeviella actophila (Kellogg and Chapman, 1899). Head with narrow hyaline margin arising from the clypeal suture; internal and clypeal bands broadly fused anteriorly for about 1/3 of their length; dorsal anterior plate small and irregular in shape and may be joined to fused part of clypeal and internal bands. Dorsal an- tennal bands pass inwards on each side to form a transverse suture across head. Dorsal occipital band and transverse antennal band ab- sent. Pterothorax with lateral margins divergent. Abdomen with seg- ment I small; paratergal plates simple without inwardly directed process and only rarely with elongated re-entrant heads. Tergal plates transversely continuous and rarely with partial median division. Lunaceps holophaeus (Burmeister, 1838) Nirmus holophaeus Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent., 2: 427. Nirmus biaolor Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines : 175, pi. 14, fig. ^ Type host: Philomaahus pugnax (Linnaeus) — Ruff. New England hosts : Calidris oanutus (Linnaeus) — Knot. Erolia maratima (Brunnich) — Purple Sandpiper. Croaethia alba (Pallas) — Sanderling. Ereunetes pusillus (Linnaeus) — Semipalmated Sandpiper. 113 Subspecies of Lunaoeps holophaeus have been erected by Timmermann (1954b) to cover the forms found on small waders. The Lunaceps complex is difficult to characterize at species level because they show such little plasticity of shape. Even the male genitalia, an important taxonomic character in most other genera, are of the same type through- out the entire genus. Specimens Host 11?, 6^ 1 9 , 2cf 7 9 , 3cf 1 slide 2 9, 4cf, 3 imm. Calidris canutus Ereunetes pusillus II II Crocethia alba Locality Phippsburg, Me. Hampton, NH Madbury, NH Marshf ield ,Mass , Date Collector IX-1-1965 H.Tyler X-10-1964 J.E.K. XI-22-1964 J.E.K. IX-27-1928 BMS " " Charlestown,RI VIII-27-1961 L.Terbush Measurements: L. holophaeus (Burmeister, 1838), Ex. Calidris aanutus Total Length of bd: 1.45, 1.41, 1.50, 1.50, 1.44, 1.48 Total Length of 6 9: 1.57, 1.56, 1.71, 1.59, 1.45, 1.72 Measurements: L. holophaeus, Ex. Ereunetes pusillus Total Length of 40": 1.59, 1.60, 1.59, 1.65 Total Length of 4 9: 1.74, 1.83, 1.84, 1.77 One of the males, ex. Crocethia alba, had a total length of 1.51 mm. Lunaceps limosella paschalis Timmermann, 1954b Lunaceps paschalis Timmermann, 1954b. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (12), 7: 630, fig. 4c. Type host: Limosa haemastioa (Linnaeus) — Hudsonian Godwit. Timmermann (1954b) erected the species group Limosa for those Lunaceps found on various godwits. He stated that, "A definite judge- ment of the validity and limitation of this species can hardly be ob- tained before a greater number of specimens from L. lapponica and all nearer related populations have been subjected to a mathematical test of their variability." L. limosella paschalis is a small member of the Limosa group with a much shorter head and a clypeus without a dorsal preantennal suture. 114 Measurements: L. limosella paschalis Timmermann, 1954b (from Timmermann, 1954b) d ? Head Length .39 - .40 .36 - .40 Head Width .29 - .32 .29 - -32 Abdomen Width .36 - .47 .41 - .47 Total Length 1.55 - 1.56 1.39 - 1.60 Specimens Host Locality Date Collector l9 , 2cf Limosa haemastiaa Plum Island, Mass. X-31-1964 U.S.Dept.of Interior The female was infested with a Laboubeniales fungus on the abdomen. Measurements: L. limosella paschalis 2 cT 1 9 Head Length . 39 . 39 .39 Head Width .30 .28 .30 Abdomen Width .43 .43 .48 Total Length 1.54 1.53 1.53 Lunaceps nvmenii phaeopi (Denny, 1842) Nirmus phaeopi Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 54 and 144, pi. 10, fig. 7. Nirmus phaeopodis Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 166. Nirmus trimaoulatus Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 174, pi. 14, fig. 8. Degeeriella oliveri Johnston and Harrison, 1912. Trans. N. Z. Inst. , 44: 367, fig. 3. Type host: Numenius phaeopus (Linnaeus) — Whimbrel. Timmermann (1954b) places this species in the Numenius group, and the numenii-phaeopi subgroup of the Lunaceps complex, which is charac- terized by pararaeres being equally curved (sabre-shaped) . Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 11 9 , 10 a" Numenins phaeopus Phippsburg, Me. IX-9-1965 H.Tyler Measurements: Lunaceps numenii phaeopi (Denny, 1842) ^ d 8 9 Range Average Range Average Total Length 1.71 - 1.90 (1.81) 1.86 - 2.07 (1.98) 115 Lunaoeps sp . Two males and 1 immature from Erolia melanotes (Vieillot) — Pectoral Sandpiper, Brunswick, Maine, September 13, 1965, H. Tyler collector. One male and 2 females from Erolia alpina (Linnaeus) — Dunlin, Hampton, New Hampshire, October 10, 1964, J. E. K. collector. Both of these are at most subspecies of Lunaoeps holophaeus. MULCTICOLA Mulctioola Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1938. Entomologist, 71: 279. Type species: Esthioptevvm hypoleucun (Denny, 1842). Head with rounded or flattened hyaline anterior margin; clypeal suture distinct and prolonged inward, dorsally on each side, to form a narrow and irregular suture, which is continued backwards along the median line of the head to a point just behind the posterior margin of the clypeal signature; trabeculae small; antennae filiform and similar in the 2 sexes. Thorax with lateral margins of both pro- and ptero- thorax flattened and diverging distally to a slight extent. Abdomen elongated, with segment 1 short and with 9 segments in both sexes. Pleurites distinct, with elongated pointed re-entrant heads. Genitalia with short basal plate; parameres prolonged, pointed and somewhat curved distally; endomeres straight, pointed terminally and shorter than parameres; telomeres small but distinct. Muloticola macrooephalus (Kellogg, 1896) Lipeurus macrooephalus Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 504, pi. 68, fig. 3. Nirmus tyrannus Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent . (n. s.), 5: 228. Type host: Chovdeiles minor (Forster) — Common Nighthawk. Described by Kellogg from many specimens collected in California. This species has also been reported by Peters (1936) from Maine, New Hampshire and South Carolina. Muloticola macrooephalus (Kellogg, 1896) is the only known species of the genus found in North America. The genus description is sufficient to determine this species. ORNITHOBIUS Omithohius Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 183. Type species: Omithohius cygni (Linnaeus, 1758) (By subsequent designation, Johnston and Harrison, 1911, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., 36: 326). Metopeuron Rudow, 1870. Z. ges. NatWiss., 36: 139. Type species: Metopeuron punatatum Rudow, 1870 (By subsequent designation, Harrison, 1916, Parasitology, 9: 22). Omithonomus Neumann, 1909. Parasites et maladies parasitaires des oiseaux domestiques: 9 {,nn for Omithohius Denny, 1842). 116 Head broad, quadrangular, about as wide as long. Clypeus with frontal emargination expanded within, so that the bounding sides are pincer-like in shape, the points almost touching, thus nearly enclosing the emargination. Antennae arise far in front of the middle of the head and are sexually dimorphic. Antennae of male with 1st 2 segments larger than the others; 3rd segment diagonally truncate and expanded with or without an appendage. Abdomen narrow, elongate, with 2 parallel lateral bands on each side. Posterior abdominal segment in male pointed, that of female, rounded or truncate. Members of this genus are parasitic on birds of the subfamilies Cygninae and Anserinae. Ornithobius goniopleurus Denny, 1842 Ovnithobius goniopleurus Denny, 1842. 184, pi. 23, fig. 2. Ornithobius atromarginatus Denny, 1842. 185, pi. 23, fig. 3. Type host: Branta canadensis (Linnaeus) Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 60 and Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 60 and -Canada Goose. This is the only species of the genus Ornithobius to be found in New England and easily recognizable by the presence of a forcipate clypeal margin. 0. goniopleurus is a common parasite of the Canada Goose. Wilson (1928) reports it from New York, Peters (1928) from Ohio, Peters (1936) Georgia and New Hampshire, Brimley (1938) North Carolina, and Spencer (1947) from British Columbia. Specimens Host 1 9 4 9, 1 cf 5 9, 1 cf 4 9, 1 cT 6 9, 6 cf 1 9. 2 cf 1 slide Branta canadensis Locality Bar Harbor, Me. Vassalboro, Me. Plum Island, Mass. II II II Exeter, NH Newmarket , NH Rye, NH Date V-10-1938 X-30-1959 X-16-1965 X-30-1965 X-16-1964 X-26-1964 X-24-1932 Collector A.E.B. R.Nash D.Penny , Jr. L.Noyes D.Gallup D.Gallup L.R.Nelson (USNM) Measurements: Ornithobius goniopleurus Denny, 1842, cf Head Length .97 .82 1.02 .82 .84 .67 Head Width .91 .73 .85 .81 .78 .64 Prothorax Width .52 .42 .51 .43 .46 .40 Pterothorax Width .97 .75 .93 .81 .76 .63 Abdomen Length 3.30 2.49 2.85 2.28 2.14 1.51 Abdomen Width 1.27 .99 1.17 1.09 1.08 .61 Total Length 5.37 4.02 4.77 3.93 3.75 2.88 117 OXYLIPEURUS OxyHpenrus Mjoberg, 1910. Ark. Zool., 6: 91. Type species: Lipeurus inaequalis Piaget, 1880. Eiaonolipeurus Carriker, 1945. Rev. Brasil. Biol., 5: 91. Type species: Eiaonolipeurus importunus Carriker, 1945. Epiaolinus Carriker, 1945. Rev. Brasil. Biol., 5: 104. Type species: Lipeurus clavatus McGregor, 1917. Head circumfasciate, that of the female generally broader than that of male. Chitin of the anterior portion of the head modified either into a number of projections or into a raised transverse line across head. Transverse line across head. Transverse clypeal suture present and a curved, indefinite post-antennal suture passes posteriorly from each antennal fossa. Trabeculae variable in size and shape and may be present or absent in female. Antennae sexually dimorphic; 1st segment of male enlarged and bearing, in some species, a broad membranous ap- pendage not always apparent , 3rd segment produced beyond the point of articulation with 4th. Occipital bands absent in all but 1 known species. Prothorax with lateral seta or spine; lateral indication of meso- metathoracic junction rarely marked. Abdomen with characteristic internal curved strut in known North American species; pleurites with re-entrant heads. Male genitalia variable in form with flattened en- domeral plate, free penis and no preputial sac. Oxylipeurus mesopelios colahiaus Clay, 1938 Oxylipeurus mesopelios colahiaus Clay, 1938. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (B) , 108: 177, pi. 11, fig. 3. Lipeurus ponnoniaus Vrazic, 1956. Vet. Arhiv. Zagreb, 26: 123, 127, and 130. Type host: Phasianus colahiaus Linnaeus — Ring-necked Pheasant. Head longer than wide; trabeculae small, transparent; antennae exhibiting sexual dimorphism, 3rd segment of male with an appendage; forehead rounded in front with 2 long setae. Prothorax square bearing 2 medium length setae on the dorsal posterior margin. Pterothorax about as wide as head with 2 closely grouped series of 4 long setae on the dorsal posterior margin. Abdomen long bearing 2 tergo-central setae on each segment. At the present time, this is the only species of the genus found on wild New England birds. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 2? Phasanius colahiaus Mt . Carmel, Conn. IV-18-1943 G.H. Plumb 118 .61 .60 .45 .43 .31 .31 .45 .46 .30 1.42 .55 .63 .37 2.50 Measurements: Oxylipeurus mesopelios oolchious Clay, 1938. 29 Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Pterothorax Width Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length PECTINOPYGUS Pectinopygus Mjoberg, 1910. Ark. Zool., 6: 95. Type species: Lipeurus pullatus Nitzsch, 1866 (A synonym of Pectinopygus hassani (0. Fabricius, 1780). Micvonaubates Pessoa and Guimaraes, 1935. Rev. Brasil. Biol. Hyg. S. Paulo, 6: 109. Type species: Naubates (Micronaubates) gavbei Pessoa and Guimaraes, 1935. Epipelecanus Harrison, 1935. In Thompson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10), 16: 149. Type species: Lipeurus fovficulatus Nitzsch, 1866. Epifregata Harrison, 1935. In Thompson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10), 16: 150. Type species: Lipeurus graoilicomis Piaget, 1880. Philichthyophaga Harrison, 1935. In Thompson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10), 16: 150. Type species: Lipeurus breviaomis Denny, 1842. Head slightly longer than broad, conical, with sides of preantennal region straight or slightly convex, dorsal anterior plate distinct, somewhat hexagonal and longer than wide. Trabeculae small, reaching the middle of the 1st antennal segment; antennae alike in both sexes or, in some species sexually dimorphic. Temporal lobes rounded, and wider than head at the insertion of the antennae. Prothorax about twice as wide as long, sides slightly divergent, with dorsal setae of varying lengths at each posterolateral angle; pterothorax trapezoidal with sides slightly divergent. Thoracic sternal plate well developed. Legs long. Abdomen elongate with pleural and sternal plates distinct. Ter- minal abdominal segment of female bilobed; vulva with dense fringe of setae. Male genitalia distinctive, the parameres smooth and slender with free or fused distal ends. Members of this genus are parasitic on birds of the order Pelecanif ormes. 119 Pectinopygus bassani bassani (0. Fabricius, 1780) Pediculus bassani 0. Fabricius, 1780. Fauna Groenlandica: 218. Doaophorus bassanae Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 48 and 110, pi. 6, fig. 3. Lipeurus staphylionoides Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 59 and 180, pi. 15, fig. 2. Lipeurus pullatus Nitzsch, 1866. In Giebel, Z. ges . NatWiss, 28: 387. Type host: Morus bassanus (Linnaeus) — Gannet. Head slightly longer than wide. Dorsal anterior plate square, well defined, with 2 small posterolateral posteriorly directed projections. Clypeal region about 1/4 of the length of the head. Antennae sexually dimorphic, 1st segment of male enlarged, 3rd segment with distal pro- jection. Prothorax more than twice as broad as long; a small spear- shaped sternite present with 2 small hairs on the posterior margin on either side of the mid-line. Pterothorax slightly narrower than head at its greatest width. Abdomen stout. Slightly less than twice as long as wide. Measurements: Pectinopygus bassani bassani (from Thompson, 1940) o" ? Total Length Greatest Width Specimens Host 1 slide Morus bassanus Pectinopygus farallonii (Kellogg, 1896) Nirmus farallonii Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 103, pi. 5, fig. 4. Type host: Phalaaroaorax auritus (Lesson) — Double-crested Cormorant . Head conical, narrow in front; trabeculae small; temporal margins rounded; occipital margin slightly concave; antennae sexually dimorphic; those of the female short, filiform, with segment 2 the longest, seg- ments of male antennae in the following order of length; 1, 2, 3, 5, 4; segment 1 very long and curving anteriorly giving the 2 antennae the appearance of a set or horns. Dorsal anterior plate shield-shaped. Prothorax wider than long, with rounded angles. Pterothorax with lateral margins diverging slightly, posterior margin straight. Abdomen elongate, with posterior angles projecting, with 2 or 3 rather long hairs in each angle. Kellogg (1896) described this species from a single female col- lected in California. Peters (1928) records it from Ohio, Peters (1936) Georgia, Illinois and New Hampshire, Procter (1938) Maine, Brimley (1938) North Carolina, Emerson (1940) Oklahoma, and Whitehead (1954) Quebec. 120 3.2 2.7 .77 .8 Locality Date Collector Wells River, Vt. XI-6-1938 W.F.Smith Specimens Host Locality Date Collector c? Head Length .63 .64 Head Width .58 .58 Prothorax Width .43 .45 Pterothorax Width .57 .60 Abdomen Length 1 .87 1.92 Abdomen Width .75 .73 Total Length 3 .06 3.09 2 9, 1 cf Phalacrooorax auritus Muscongus Bay, Me. VII-19-1963 A.C.Borror 8 9, 7cf " " Durham, NH VIII-30-1965 J.E.K. 19, 2cf " " Newington, NH VIII-30-1965 J.E.K. 4 9, 9d " " Greenland, NH IX-2-1965 J.E.K. Measurements: Peatinopygus farallonii (Kellogg, 1896) .61 .61 .57 .57 .43 .43 .58 .60 1.65 1.69 .82 .96 2.68 2.75 Peatinopygus gyricomis (Denny, 1842) Lipeurus gyriaomis Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 58 and 167, pi. 15, fig. 1. Lipeurus toxooeros Nitzsch, 1866. In Giebel, Z. ges . NatWiss., 28: 386. Lipeurus longicomis Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 334, pi. 27, fig. 3. Type host: Phalaarocorax carho (Linnaeus) — Great Cormorant. Head longer than wide; clypeal region short; dorsal anterior plate oblong in shape; trabeculae small; antennae sexually dimorphic, those of female short, filiform; antennae of male with very long 1st segment. Prothorax 2 1/2 times as wide as long with 2 long setae either side of the median line on the ventral surface. Pterothorax slightly narrower than the head; lateral margins heavily sclerotized and pigmented; posterior margin almost straight. Abdomen elongate. Measurements: Peatinopygus gyriaomis (Denny, 1842) (from Thompson, 1946) 9 Greatest Width .56 .77 Total Length 2.66 2.45 PENENIRMUS Penenirmus Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1938. Entomologist, 71: 73. Type species: Pediculus albiventris Scopoli, 1763. Pi aophi lop terns Ansari, 1947. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 13: 265. Type species: Pi aophi lopterus tuktola Ansari, 1947. Head with lateral clypeal margins converging sharply towards the clypeal suture and then converging gradually towards the anterior 121 hyaline margin of head. Dorsal anterior plate pointed posteriorly. Trabeculae narrow and pointed in both sexes; antennae filiform and similar in both sexes. Temples rounded but never swollen beyond the extension of the line of the lateral clypeal margin. Ventral occipital bands present, but no dorsal occipital bands as in the genus Philopterus . Occiput with a curved suture originating from the antennal fossa. Pro- thorax rectangular; pterothorax narrow and pointed posteriorly. Abdomen elongate and hairy, with terminal segment of the male rounded posteriorly, terminal segment of female bilobed. Pleurites distinct with re-entrant heads; tergal plates either narrowly separated medially or continuous, or joined by a narrow posterior chitinous strip. Male genitalia with parameres curved and not protruding beyond the mesosome; the latter con- sisting of a flattened plate with central penis. Penenirmus alhiventvis (Scopoli, 1763) Pediculus albiventris Scopoli, 1763. Ent. Carniolica: 385. Pediculus motacillae J. C. Fabricius, 1776. Gen. Ins.: 310 {,nn for P. albiventris Scopoli, 1763). DoGophorus troglodytis Waterston, 1915. Zool. Jb., Abt. Syst., 39: 27, figs. c-f. Penenirmus longulioeps (Blagoveshtchensky, 1940). Mag. Parasit., Leningr., 8: 65 and 88, fig. 19. Type host: Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus) — Winter Wren. I have no data on this species and have been unable to find any records of its collection in the United States. Measurements: Penenirmus albiventris (Scopoli, 1763) (from Clay and Hopkins, 1951) d 9 Head Length .42 .48 Head Width .37 .45 Prothorax Width .20 .25 Pterothorax Width .33 .40 Abdomen Length .73 1.13 Abdomen Width .45 .63 Total Length 1.33 1.85 Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli, 1763) Pediculus auritus Scopoli, 1763. Ent. Carniolica: 383. Docophorus superciliosus Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent., 2: 427. Dooophorus evagans Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 480, pi. 66, fig. 2. Dooophorus cali fomiensis Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 483, pi. 66, fig. 6. Penenirmus varius Emerson, 1953. J. Kansas Ent. Soc, 26: 134, pi. 2, figs. 6 and 8. Penenirmus auritus aurifrons Carriker, 1956. Florida Ent., 39: figs. 34-35. Penenirmus serrilimbus pileatus Emerson and Johnson, 1961. J. Kansas Ent. Soc, 34: 40, figs. 11, 18 and 30. Penenirmus serrilimbus asyndesmus Emerson and Johnson, 1961. J. Kansas Ent. Soc, 34: 40, figs 12, 21 and 31. 122 Penenirmus viZlosus Emerson and Johnson, 1961. J. Kansas Ent . Soc, 34: 41, figs. 13, 15 and 32. Type host: Dendrocopus major (Linnaeus) New England hosts: Dryoaopus pileatus (Linnaeus) — Pileated Woodpecker. Sphyrapicus vavius (Linnaeus) — Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Dendrocopos villosus (Linnaeus) — Hairy Woodpecker. Dendroaopos pubesaens (Linnaeus) — Downy Woodpecker. Penenirmus auritus is found on all North American Piciformes ex- cluding Colaptes spp . The marginal temporal setae 2 and 4 elongate. Pterothorax and tergites III-V with an average of 4 centre-posterior setae (Dalgleish, 1965). Peters (1928) reports this species on the Yellow-bellied Sapsucker from Ohio. Peters (1936) records P. auritus on the Downy Woodpecker from Ohio and Virginia and on the Yellow-bellied Sapsucker from Florida, Maryland, South Carolina, and Vermont. Emerson and Johnson (1961) record it from the Downy Woodpecker in Virginia, Oklahoma, and Indiana; from the Yellow-bellied Sapsucker in Arizona, Indiana, Virginia, Alaska, and California; from the Pileated Woodpecker in Oregon, Washington, and Arkansas; and from the Hairy Woodpecker in New York, Mississippi, Oregon, Montana, and California. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 139 , 9cf Sphyrapicus varius Sandwich, NH V-6-1964 J.E.K. 29 , Irf , 9 iram. Dendrocopos pubesaens Augusta, Me. III-7-19 — A.E.B. Measurements: P. auritus from Sphyrapicus varius d 9 Head Length .48 .52 Head Width .45 .46 Prothorax Width .27 .28 Pterothorax Width .46 .48 Abdomen Length .93 1.12 Abdomen Width .55 .63 Total Length 1.74 1.99 Penenirmus gutosus (Nitzsch, 1866) Nirmus gulosus Nitzsch, 1866. Z. ges . NatWiss., 27: 117. Nirmus trimarginis Carriker, 1902. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 10: 222, pi. 20, fig. 2, and pi. 21, fig. 5. Type host: Certhia familiaris Linnaeus — Brown Creeper. Carriker (1902) reported this species from Nebraska and this is the only record from the United States. Head triangular with the preantennal region narrowly truncate; trabeculae slender, bluntly pointed, as long as the 1st antennal seg- ment; eye with a long seta; temples rounded with 2 long setae and 123 .44 .50 .44 .50 .50 .61 .40 1.87 several short bristles; occipital margin concave. Prothorax short, quadrangular, with lateral margins diverging slightly; posterior angles rounded, each with a long seta. Pterothorax with sides widely diverg- ing; posterior margin angulated with several setae. Abdomen elongate- oval, widest at the 4th and 5th segments. Measurements: Penenirmus gulosus (Nitzsch, 1866) (from Carriker, 1902) Head Length Head Width Abdomen Width Total Length Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg, 1896) Doaophorus jungens Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 481, pi. 66, fig. 4. Type host: Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus) — Yellow-shafted Flicker. Dalgleish (1965) separates this species from P. auritus (Scopoli, 1763) by the presence of an average of 4 centro-posterior setae on the pterothorax and tergites III-V. This species of Penenirmus is found on all species of Colaptes in North America. Kellogg (1896) recorded this species from Kansas, Peters (1928) Ohio, Wilson (1928) New York, Peters (1936) Delaware, Virginia, and New Hampshire, Brimley (1938) North Carolina, Emerson (1940) Oklahoma, Brown and Wilk (1944) Alberta, Judd (1953) Ontario, Whitehead (1954) Quebec and Emerson and Johnson (1961) Oklahoma, Indiana, New York, Iowa, Texas, Virginia, and Mississippi . Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 9 , imm. Colaptes auratus Lee, NH X-4-1963 J.E.K. Penenirmus quadripustulatus (Kellogg and Mann, 1912a) Dooophorus calif omiensis quadripustulatus Kellogg and Mann, 1912a. Ent. News, 23: 57. Type host: Pipilo ery thropthalmus (Linnaeus) — Rufous-sided Towhee. The setae of the abdominal segments are regularly arranged, 4 in a row. Equidistant on each side of the row, close to the posterior margin of the segment is an additional pustulate hair. On the 6th segment there are only 2 central setae and on the penultimate and last segments only the marginal setae are pustulate. I have found no records of this species being collected in the United States. 124 PHILOPTERUS Philopterus Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag, Ent., 3: 281. Type species: Philopterus oceltatus (Scopoli, 1763) (By subse- quent designation, Newmann, 1906, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., 20: 58). Docophorus Nitzsch, 1818. Germar's Mag. Ent., 3: 289. Type species: Philopterus ocellatus (Scopoli, 1763) (By subse- quent designation. Clay 1938a. Entomologist, 71: 207). Clayiella Eichler, 1940. Zool. Anz., 130: 102. Type species: Clayiella schulzkampfhenkeli Eichler, 1940. Cypseloeaus Conci, 1941a. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., 73: 126. Type species: Philopterus excisus Nitzsch, 1818. Debeauxoeaus Conci, 1941a. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., 73: 126. Type species: Philopterus alaviformis Piaget, 1885. Doaophorulus Eichler, 1944. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. , 105: 80. Type species: Docophorus communis passeris Piaget, 1880 (A synonym of Philopterus fringillae (Scopoli, 1772). Tritrabeculus Uchida, 1948. Jap. Med. J., 1: 315. Type species: Tritrabeculus goshikidori Uchida, 1948. Bitrabeoulus Uchida, 1948. Jap. Med. J., 1: 318. Type species: Docophorus singularis Kellogg and Chapman, 1899 (A synonym of Philopterus pioae (Denny, 1842). Campephagoecus Eichler, 1952. Zool. Anz., 149: 75. Type species: Campephagoecus osculolimbatus Eichler, 1952. Head broad, quadrangular, forehead truncate and dorsal anterior plate prominent. Trabeculae large; antennae filiform and similar in the 2 sexes; segment I large. Eyes large with an ocular seta present in most species. Temporal lobes expanded and evenly rounded. Occipital carinae distinct and well pigmented. Prothorax small with convex sides; 1 elongate seta at each posterolateral angle; pterothorax with sides diverging distally; 1 or more elongate setae present at each postero- lateral angle and a row of setae along the dorsoposterior margin. Ab- domen robust with deeply pigmented plates interrupted medially and with serrate posterior margins. Abdominal chaetotaxy dense, consisting in most species of transverse rows of rather closely set, long setae on or near posterior margin of each abdominal segment. Genitalia of male with short blunt parameres . Members of this genus are parasitic on birds of the order Passeriformes . In other areas they may be found on the order Trogoniformes . Philopterus agelaii (Osborn, 1896) Docophorus agelaii Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n. s.), 5: 220. Type host: Agelaius phoeniceus (Linnaeus) — Red-winged Blackbird. This is a small Philopterus characterized by a rectangular shaped preantennal region, almost as wide at the tip as at the base of the trabeculae. Trabeculae large, anterior margin curved. 125 Peters (1928) reports this species from Ohio and Spory (1965) has collected this species on 7 of 61 Red-winged Blackbirds in the same state. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 4?, 4 imm. Agelaius phoenicus Durham, NH IV-2-1963 Measurements: Philopterus agelaii (Osborn, 1896) Head Length .54 .51 .54 Head Width .54 .49 .52 Prothorax Width .30 .28 .30 Pterothorax Width .45 .45 .46 Abdomen Length .73 .82 .79 Abdomen Width .72 .73 .75 Total Length 1.57 1.63 1.65 Philopterus citrinellae curvirostrae (Schrank, 1776) Pediculus curvirostrae Schrank, 1776. Beitr. Naturgesch.: 117, pi. 5, fig. 8. Doaophorus aompar Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 61, pi. 7, fig. 1. Type host: Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus — Red Crossbill. Typical Philopterus form with hyaline margin and dorsal anterior plate indented in front. The indentation in the hyaline margin is not always apparent in mounted specimens. In this subspecies of P. citrinellae there are 4 or more setae on the metasternal plate, and in the male 3 (rarely 4) anterior setae on the genital plate. I have found no published records of this species in the United States. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 59 , 1 o' Loxia curvirostra Bar Harbor, Me. Fall, 1937 A.E.B. 19^ 1 o- ■' " " " " IV-30-1938 M.Sullivan Philopterus corvi (Linnaeus, 1758) Pediculus corvi Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10: 612. Nirmus adustus Olfers, 1816. De Veget...: 88. Docophorus semisignatus Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 41 and 66, pl. 1, fig. 5. Nirmus aoracis Denny, 1852. List Brit. Animals in Brit. Mus . pt. II, Anoplura: 7 {nn for D. semisignatus Denny, 1842). Docophorus distinctus Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 477, pl. 65, fig. 5. Type host: Corvus corax Linnaeus — Common Raven. This species of Philopterus may be distinguished from all related species by having the dorsal anterior plate sclerotized only at the anterior end. 126 d* 9 .70 .72 .66 .75 1.00 1.06 .85 .97 1.95 2.03 Local: Lty Date Collector Stratton, Me. IX-6-1965 H.Tyler Measurements: Philopterus oorvi (Linnaeus, 1758) (from Clay and Hopkins, 1950) Head Length Head Width Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length Specimens Host 2 9, 50" Covvus covax In the literature, P. oorvi has been reported many times as the para- site of the crow, Corvus braahyrhynchos . The type host for P. corvi is the Common Raven and upon examination of Philopterus from both of these birds it is obvious that the 2 species are not the same. Those P. corvi found on the crow refer to Philopterus ocellatus osborni Edwards, 1952 inn for D. corvi Osborn, 1896). Philopterus cristata Malcomson, 1929 Philopterus cristata Malcomson, 1929. Ann. Ent . Soc. Amer., 22: 729, fig. 2. Type host: Cyanooitta cristata (Linnaeus) — Blue Jay. Head as long as wide, preantennal region broad; clypeus with 2 setae in front and 1 on each side. Dorsal anterior plate very prom- inent, extending to a point caudad of the mandibles. Eye with a long seta dorsally. Trabeculae large, extending the length of the 1st antennal segment. The temporal margin bears 3 long hairs on each side. Prothorax small with a single long seta in each posterolateral angle. Pterothorax almost as wide as head with A long setae in each postero- lateral angle and 24 setae along the dorsoposterior margin. Abdomen globose and generally covered with long setae. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 2 9 Cyanocitta cristata Durham, NH IX-30-1964 J.E.K. After examining 27 blue jays, I cannot agree with the statement made by Malcomson (1929) that, "I have found the blue jay to be very heavily infested with this particular species of louse." Philopterus excisus microsomaticus Tandan, 1955 Docophorus hirundinis Piaget, 1871 {nee Schrank, 1803). Tijdschr. Ent., 14: 134, pi. 7, fig. 13. Philopterus excisus microsomaticus Tandan, 1955. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (12), 8: 421, figs. 8-12. {nn for D. hirundinis Piaget, 1871). Type host: Hirundo rustioa Linnaeus — Barn Swallow. 127 Anterior hyaline margin indented medially. Large trabeculae. Dorsal anterior plate prolonged posteriorly into a point; sclerotized and uniformly pigmented. Prothorax with 1 long seta on either side of the midline on the posterodorsal margin. Abdomen rounded, widest at segment V. Tergal plates of segment II approximate; III-VIII with widely separated tergal plates. Measurements ; Philopterus excisus microsomaticus (from Tandan, 1955) Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Pterothorax Width Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length Specimens Host .37 - .40 .34 - .35 .18 - .20 .28 - .30 .47 - .51 .45 - .49 1.08 - 1 .13 Loca lity 42 - .48 39 - .40 21 - .22 34 70 - .72 52 - .58 39 - 1.42 Date Collector Id" Hirundo rustica Albany, NH V-15-1964 J.E.K. 1 slide " " Martha's Vineyard, Mass. VI-2-1924 G.M.Allen (USNM) Philopterus frn-ngillae (Scopoli, 1772) Pediculus fringitlae Scopoli, 1772. Ann. V. Hist. Nat.: 125. Pediculus passeris DeFourcroy, 1785. Ent . Parisiensis, pt. 2: 2519 {nn for "P. sub f laves cens Geof froy") . DoGophorus communis passeris Piaget, 1880 {neo DeFourcroy, 1785) Les Pediculines : 59. Type host: Passer domesticus (Linnaeus) — House Sparrow. Hyaline margin with median indentation on anterior margin. Measurements ; Philopterus fringillae (Scopoli, 1772) (from Clay and Hopkins, 1951) d Head Length .55 Head Width .50 Prothorax Width .29 Pterothorax Width .45 Abdomen Length . 70 Abdomen Width .68 Total Length 1.45 .58 .56 .32 .50 1.02 .91 1.85 It appears that P. fringillae is an uncommon parasite of the House Sparrow since I have not recovered it in 43 examinations of this species of bird. These results are supported by Wilson (1958) who did not find P. fringillae in examination of 77 House Sparrows in Kentucky. 128 Philopterus fusoicollis (Burmeister, 1838) Docophorus fusoicollis Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent . , 2: 425. Type host: Lanius exaubitor Linnaeus — Northern Shrike. I have no information on this species of Philopterus Specimens Host Locality Date 1 slide Lanius exaubitor Duxbury , Mass. 1 slide " " Groton, Mass. 1 slide " " Rye, NH Collector 11-22-1927 A. Peters, Jr. (USNM) XI-11-1939 X-26-1934 Wharton-Mason (USNM) L.R.Nelson (USNM) Philopterus fus coventralis (Osborn, 1896) Docophorus fusao-ventralis Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n. s.), 5: 221. Type host: Contopus virens Linnaeus — Eastern Wood Pewee. Head longer than wide with hyaline margin indented medially; dorsal anterior plate large, projecting as a spine-like point pos- teriorly to a point midway between the antennae; temporal lobes rounded; occiput nearly straight. Prothorax small, sides diverging slightly. Pterothorax widening rapidly; posterodorsal margin with a row of long setae. Abdomen oval. Aside from Osborn's (1896) original description, 1 have found no records of the recovery of this species in the United States. Philopterus hamatus (Packard, 1870) Docophorus hamatus Packard, 1870. Amer. Nat., 4: 94, pi. 1, fig. 7. Type host: Plectrophenax nivalis (Linnaeus) — Snow Bunting. I have been unable to find anything more than the original des- cription of this species which is as follows: . . .white and has a large triangular head with a very narrow prothorax, not much more than 1/2 as wide as the head; the abdomen is rounded oval, while the trabeculae are very long and hooked. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Plectrophenax nivalis New Haven, Conn. 1-24-1936 R.C.Morrill 1 slide " " Duxbury, Mass. 11-22-1927 A. Peters, Jr. 1 slide 1 slide Springfield, Mass . 1863 Kittery Pt. , Me. II-7-1908 (USNM) MCZ MCZ 129 Philopterus hanzaki Balat, 1955 Philopterus hanzaki Balat, 1955. Zool. Ent. Listy Jhrg., 4: 390 and 398, fig. 1. Type host: Anthus spinoletta (Linnaeus) — Water Pipit. I have no data on this species of Mallophaga. Philopterus quiscali (Osborn, 1896) Doaophorus quiscali Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n. s.), 5: 219, fig. 141. Type host: Quiscalus quiscula (Linnaeus) — Common Crackle. A short broad species very similar to Philopterus agelaii (Osborn, 1896). Preantennal region broad, lateral angles rounded, in some cases as wide at tip as at base of trabeculae. Trabeculae large, curved, and with rather acute tips. Pterothorax with long setae along the postero- dorsal margin. Eighth abdominal segment with tergal plate entire; other tergites interrupted medially. Osborn (1896) reports this species from Iowa; Wilson (1928) New York; Peters (1928) Ohio; Peters (1936) Massachusetts; Brimley (1938) North Carolina; and Whitehead (1954) Quebec. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Quiscalus quiscula Dedham, Mass. IV-30-1927 BMS Philopterus rutteri (Kellogg, 1899) Docophorus rutteri Kellogg, 1899. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 12, pi. 1, fig. 3. Type host: Parus atricapillus (Linnaeus) — Black-capped Chickadee. Preantennal region flatly convex in front with 1 setae before the preantennal suture and 2 before the trabeculae; trabeculae long, slender, and weakly curving; dorsal anterior plate large, projecting posteriorly beyond the mandibles. Prothorax small with rounded mar- gins and a single pustulated hair in each posterolateral angle, an- other on the posterior margin just inside of the angles, and 4 grouped together in the median region of the segment. Pterothorax with a seta in the posterolateral angle and 10 setae on each half of the posterior margin. Abdomen oval; lateral angles projecting with long setae. In addition to the original description of this species from a collection of 1 female and 1 immature specimen from Kodiak Island, the only other report I have found is by Emerson (1940) from Oklahoma. Philopterus sialii (Osborn, 1896) Docophorus sialii Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n. s.), 5: 220. Docophorus inoisus Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 474, pi. 65, fig. 3. Type host: Sialia sialia (Linnaeus) — Bluebird. 130 .59 .63 .56 .63 .75 .90 .72 2.12 Locality Date Collector Preantennal region with hyaline margin emarginate in front. Dorsal anterior plate with anterior margin emarginate and unevenly sclerotized. Pterothorax obtusely angled on abdomen. Kellogg (1896) records this species from Kansas; Peters (1928) Ohio; Peters (1936) Florida, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, South Carolina and Virginia; and Brimley (1938) North Carolina. Measurements: Philopterus sialii (Osborn, 1896) (from Kellogg, 1896) Head Length Head Width Abdomen Width Total Length Specimens Host 1 slide Sialia sialia Augusta, Me. VI-26-1943 A.E.B. Philopterus tropioalis Carriker, 1956 Philopterus tropicalis Carriker, 1956. Florida Ent., 39: 19, figs. 1 and 2. (3 and 4)? Type host: Stelgidopteryx rufioollis (Vieillot) — Rough-winged Swallow. Preantennal region with narrow f rons , hyaline margin and dorsal anterior plate indented medially; temples with 3 long setae on each side. Prothorax very short. Pterothorax with 9 pustulated setae on each side of the midline. As of 1956, the female of this species was unknown and to the best of my knowledge is still unknown. Measurements: Philopterus tropicalis Carriker, 1956 d Head Length .49 Head Width .43 Prothorax Width .28 Pterothorax Width .39 Abdomen Width .58 Abdomen Length .63 Total Length 1.32 PHYSCONELLOIDES Physconelloides Ewing, 1927. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. , 17: 94. Type species: Physconelloides ceratooeps Ewing, 1927. Goniocotacanthus Guimaraes, 1936. Rev. Mus. S. Paulo, 20: 225. Type species: Goniocotacanthus mattogrossensis Guimaraes, 1936, 131 Preantennal region broadly and evenly rounded in front; clypeal suture present. Preantennal region armed with a pair of posteriorly pointing, lateral horn-like processes which arise from the chitinous thickening just behind the clypeal suture; antennae short, 2nd segment longest; temporal lobes large, squarish. Prothorax smaller than pterothorax, with sides strongly divergent posteriorly. Pterothorax short, but very broad with rounded lateral margins. Abdomen elongate- elliptical, widest at 4th and 5th segments. Mallophaga of this genus are parasitic on birds of the order Columbi formes. PhysGonnelloides zenaidurae (McGregor, 1917) Goniodes zenaiduvae McGregor, 1917. Ent. News, 28: 433, pi. 28, figs. 1 and 4. Type host: Zenaiduva macroura (Linnaeus) — Mourning Dove. Other New England host: Domestic Pigeon. The usual host for this species is the Mourning Dove, it being found only occasionally upon the pigeon. Physaonnelloides zenaiduvae has been reported by McGregor (1917) from South Dakota, Peters (1928) Ohio, Peters (1936) from Ohio and Virginia, and Hanson, et al . , (1957) from Illinois. All of the above collections were made from the Mourning Dove. Physaonnelloides zenaiduvae is the only species of the genus found in New England, therefore, the genus description will serve for species identification. PICICOLA Picioola Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1938. Entomologist, 71: 74. Type species: Pioicota praeposterus Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1938. Tyrannicola Carriker, 1956. Florida Ent., 39: 73. Type species: Nirmus foedus Kellogg and Chapman, 1899. Head circumf asciate ; trabeculae narrow and elongate in both sexes; antennae filiform and similar in both sexes. Antennal band with greatly thickened internal margin sometimes cellulated in ap- pearance; occipital bands and suture present; temple bands thickened and sometimes showing cellulated appearance internally. Temples rounded but not greatly swollen. Abdomen elongate with segment I short; pleurites distinct with re-entrant heads. Genitalia with short curved parameres and mesosomal plate rounded posteriorly. Members of this genus are parasitic on birds of the orders Piciformes and Passeriformes. Picicola mississippiensis (McGregor, 1917a) Lipeurus mississippiensis McGregor, 1917a. Psyche, 24: 107, pi. 1, figs. 1 and 5. Type host: Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus) — Yellow-shafted Flicker. 132 Head 1/3 longer than wide, with forehead slightly narrowed to a rounded front. Temples rounded; occiput slightly concave. Trabeculae prominent; antennal sinuses rather shallow; antennal bands conspicuous as wide, dark areas bordering the forehead, lighter anteriorly. Pro- thorax wider than long, rectangular with front and hind margins almost straight; a long seta at each posterolateral angle. Pterothorax with diverging sides and with 12 long setae along the posterior margin. Abdomen elongate, widest at the 5th segment. Measurements: Picicola mississippiensis (McGregor, 1917a) (from McGregor, 1917a) 9 Head Length .47 Head Width .34 Prothorax Width .27 Pterothorax Width .36 Abdomen Length .88 Abdomen Width .43 Total Length 1.62 Described from a single female collected in Mississippi. Peters (1928) reports it from Ohio, Peters (1936) from Delaware, Brimley (1938) North Carolina, Emerson (1940) Oklahoma, Judd (1953) Ontario, and Whitehead (1954) Quebec. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 6 Colccptes auratus Columbus, Ohio X-3-1919 P.R.Lowry Picicola Orpheus (Osborn, 1896) Nirmus orpheus Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent . (n. s.), 5: 227. Type host: Dumatella carolinensis (Linnaeus) — Catbird. The status of this species and its host are both in doubt at the present time. Edwards (1952) believes that the host, Dumatella carolinensis (Linnaeus) is incorrect, and that it should be a species of woodpecker. I have found no records of the collection of this species in the United States. QUADRACEPS Quadraceps Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1939. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (11), 4: 453. Type species: Degeeriella vanelli (Denny, 1842) (A synonym of Nirmus hospes Nitzsch, 1866). Koeniginirmus Eichler, 1940. Zool. Anz., 130: 101. Type species: Nirmus punctatus Burmeister, 1838. Oedianemiceps Eichler, 1943c. Zool. Anz., 141: 59. Type species: Nirmus annulatus Denny, 1842. 133 Glareolites Eichler, 1944. Stettin. Ent. Ztg., 105: 80. Type species: Nirmus eltiptiaus Nitzsch, 1866. Nirmoides Eichler, 1944. Stettin. Ent. Ztg., 105: 81. Type species: Dooophorus antennatus Piaget, 1880 (A synonym of Nirmus brimneus Nitzsch, 1866). Szidatiella Eichler, 1944. Stettin. Ent. Ztg., 105: 81. Type species: Dooophorus elongatus Piaget, 1885. Mjorberginirmus Eichler, 1944. Stettin. Ent. Ztg., 105: 85. Type species: Nirmus obliquus Mjoberg, 1910. Haematophagus Timmermann, 1950. Fauna Islandica, 2: 1 and 2. Type species: Quadraaeps haematopi (Denny, 1842) (A synonym of Quadraaeps auratus (deHaan, 1829) . Cistellatrix Timmermann, 1953. Bombus, 78/79: 331. Type species: Quadraaeps decipiens (Denny, 1842). Proneptis Timmermann, 1953. Bombus, 78/79: 331. Type species: Quadraaeps semifissus (Nitzsch, 1866). Peripetasma Timmermann, 1954. Zool. Anz . , 152: 167. Type species: Peripetasma altoasiatiaim Timmermann, 1954. Quadraaeps, which is more widely spread throughout the order Charadriiformes than Carduiaeps and Lunaaeps , is separated from them by the hyaline margin arising anterior to the clypeal suture and by the presence of a median dorsal preantennal suture. Head with broad hyaline margin arising from near the anterior end of clypeal band; clypeal and internal bands fused near their anterior ends but these ends are free. Dorsal antennal bands on each side pass inwards to form a narrow median suture. Pterothorax with lateral margins divergent. Abdomen with segment I small; paratergal plates with elongate re-entrant heads , but without inwardly directed processes. Tergal plates of some or all segments showing either partial or complete division into 2. Segment IX of male clearly demarcated from segment VIII. Quadraaeps alaonae (Carriker, 1959) Alaedoffula alayonae Carriker, 1959. Novedades Colombianas 1: 207, figs. 6-7. Type host: Mergaaeryle alayon (Linnaeus) — Belted Kingfisher. Head large, wide at temples and frons. Dorsal anterior plate short and wide; preantennal carinae very heavily and deeply pigmented; trabeculae very short and triangular in shape. Prothorax quadrangular, Male genitalia with pointed parameres . Female unknown. Measurements: Quadraaeps alaonae (Carriker, 1959) (from Carriker, 1959) cf Head Length .49 Head Width .44 Prothorax Width .25 Pterothorax Width .37 Abdomen Length .80 Abdomen Width .48 Total Length 1.49 134 Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide MevgaceryZe aZcyon Squibnocket, Mass. VI-11-1936 C.N.Smith (USNM) Quadraceps assimilis major (Kellogg, 1899) Nirmus fissus major Kellogg, 1899. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci. 6: 15, pi. 2, fig. 2. Nirmus macro aephalus Waterston, 1914. Ann. S. Afr. Mus . , 10: 284, pi. 35, figs. 2 and 5. Type host: Charadrius sp. New England host: Charadrius melodus Ord — Piping Plover. Kellogg describes this subspecies as follows: Differs from the types of fissus by having a hair in the eye, by having 4 pustulated hairs on each lateral half of the posterior margin of the metathorax instead of 3, 2 being median and 2 being near the angle; by having the median longitudinal uncolored line of the abdomen limited to the first 2 segments, and by being markedly larger. Measurements: Quadraceps assimilis major (Kellogg, 1899) (from Kellogg, 1899) Head Length Head Width Abdomen Width Total Length Specimen Host 1 cf Charadri d 9 .30 .47 .31 .33 .38 .44 .61 1.87 Locality Date Collector Phippsburg , Me. IX-18-1965 H.Tyler Quadraceps charadrii hospes (Nitzsch, 1866) Nirmus hospes Nitzsch, 1866. In Giebel, Z. ges. NatWiss., 28: 371. Nirmus vanelli Denny, 1842 {nee Schrank, 1803). Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 51 and 128, pi. 7, fig. 6. Type host: Squatarola squatarola (Linnaeus) — Black-bellied Plover. Head very long; dorsal anterior plate about as broad as long, lightly sclerotized anteriorly, pre- and postmarginal carinae very dark but narrow; temples with 2 long marginal setae. Gular plate with a central clear area looking like a perforation. Prothorax with 1 long seta in each posterolateral angle. Pterothorax with 5 long setae on each side of the posterodorsal margin. Abdomen elongate; pleurites darkly pigmented; tergites each with 2 tergocentral setae. 135 Measurements: Quadraaeps charadrii hospes (Nitzsch, 1866) Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Pterothorax Width Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length Specimens Host Squatarola squatarola d ? .45 .48 .31 .33 .19 .22 .27 .33 .85 1.08 .39 .45 1.63 1.86 Locality Date Collector la Brunswick, Me. X-27-1964 H.Tyler Hampton, NH X-10-1964 J.E.K. Quadraaeps fissus (Burmeister, 1838) Nirmus fissus Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent., 2: 427. Nirmus hiaticulae Denny, 1942 (nee? 0. Fabricius, 1780). Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 52 and 136, pi. 11, fig. 10. Nirmus arassipes Denny, 1952. List Brit. Animals in Brit. Mus . , pt. II, Anoplura: 21 {nn for N. fissus Burmeister, 1838). Nirmus opacus Kellogg and Chapman, 1899. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci. ,6: 83, pi. 6, fig. 6. Type host: Charadrius hiaticula Linnaeus. New England host : Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte — Semipalmated Plover. Head elongate, conical with colorless clypeal region slightly expanded in front of the suture; 5 marginal setae in the preantennal region; antennae not reaching the occipital margin; temples flatly rounded with 2 long and 2 very short setae; occipital margin straight. Measurements: Quadraaeps fissus (Burmeister, 1838) (from Kellogg and Chapman, 1899) Head Length Head Width Abdomen Width Total Length d .40 .31 .47 1.11 9 .47 .28 .45 1.75 Quadraaeps hiatiaulae hiatiaulae (0. Fabricius, 1780) Pediaulus hiatiaulae 0. Fabricius, 1780. Fauna Groenlandica: 220. Quadraaeps praegriailis Carriker, 1956. Rev. Brasil. Ent., 5: 136, fig. 22. Type host: Charadrius hiaticula Linnaeus. New England host : Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte — Semipalmated Plover. 136 Measurements : Quadraaeps hiaticulae hiaticulae (0. Fabricius, 1780) (from Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1954) Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Pterothorax Width Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length ,42 ,23 ,17 ,25 ,16 .31 .83 .42 .23 .18 .24 1.26 .30 1.90 There is a 2nd subspecies found in New England, Quadraceps hiaticulae boephilus (Kellogg, 1896) parasitic upon the Killdeer, Charadrius vooiferus Linnaeus . Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 4 9 , Icf Charadrius vooiferus Brunswick, Me. IX-4-1964 H.Tyler Quadraceps klatti Timmermann, 1954 Quadraceps klatti Timmermann, 1954 9r and 10. Type host: Plautus alle (Linnaeus) — Dovekie Zool. Anz., 152: 172, fig. Anteriorly, the hyaline margin either straight or slightly con- vex; dorsal anterior plate pentagonal, as wide as long; trabeculae small but reaching at least to the end of the 1st antennal segment; seta in each posterolateral angle; pterothorax with side diverging and posterior angles rounded. Female terminal abdominal segment bi- lobed; male genitalia with thick heavy parameres. Measurements : Quadraceps klatti Timmermann, 1954 cf Head Length .42 Head Width .34 Prothorax Width .22 Pterothorax Width .31 Abdomen Length .72 Total Length 1.36 Specimens Host Lo cality 12 9 , So* Plautus alle Bar Harbor, Me. 2 slides " " Osterville, Mass. -I -I • 1 II II M II 1 slide 9 .48 .40 .25 .43 1.02 1.77 Date Collector XI-24-1937 A.E.B. 1-21-1931 G.L.Austin,Jr (USNM) 1-21-1931 BMS 137 Quadraaeps nigrolimhatus (Mjoberg, 1910) Nirmus nigrolimbatus Mjoberg, 1910. Ark. Zool., 6: 135, pi. 5, fig. 4. Type host: Limnodromus soolopaaeus (Say) — Long-billed Dowitcher . Other New England host: Limnodromus griseus (Gmelin) — Short-billed Dowitcher. I have no description of this species. Both of these birds are occasional in New England, being found here during migrations. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Limnodromus griseus Seabrook, NH VIII-27-1933 L.R.Nelson (USNM) Quadraceps nychthemerus (Burmeister, 1838) Nirmus nychthemerus Burmeister, 1838. Handb . Ent., 2: 428. Nirmus urniger Giebel, 1861. Z. ges . NatWiss., 18: 315 {nn for N. nychthemerus Burmeister, 1838). Nirmus mesosomelas Nitzsch, 1874. In Giebel, Insecta Epizoa: 174, pi. 5, fig. 8. Type host: Sterna albifrons Pallas — Least Tern. I have no data on this species of Quadraceps and have not col- lected the Least Tern. Peters (1936) listed Degeeriella sp. from the Least Tern collected in South Carolina and Louisiana which is probably this species. Quadraceps obliquus (Mjoberg, 1910) Nirmus obliquus Mjoberg, 1910. Ark. Zool., 6: 148, pi. 2, figs. 2 and 5 . Type host: Uria aalge (Pontoppidan) — Common Murre. I have no data on this species of Quadraceps. Quadraceps omatus omatus (Grube, 1851) Nirmus omatus Grube, 1851, Middendorf f 's sibir. Reise, 2: 477, pi. 31, fig. 4. Nirmus lineolatus atrimarginatus Kellogg and Chapman, 1899. Dec. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 75. Type host: Larus canus Linnaeus — Mew Gull. New England host: Larus marinus Linnaeus — Great Black-backed Gull. An easily recognized species because of the contrasting patterns on the body. Body white except for dark brown pleural plates and their re-entrant heads; light brown transverse bands on abdominal segments II-VII on female, II-VI on male. Lateral margin and a por- tion of the posterior margin of the prothorax rimmed in black. Several black blotches present along the lateral margins of the head. Dorsal anterior plate with anterior margin lightly sclerotized. 138 Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 2 slides Larus marinus Marshfield, Mass. XII-30-1930 USNM 1 slide " " " " XII-30-1930 BMS Quadraceps omatus paulschulzei (Timmermann , 1949) is found on the Black-legged Kittiwake. Another subspecies, Quadraaeps omatus striolatus (Nitzsch, 1866), is found on Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus — Glaucous Gull and Larus argenta- tus Pontoppidan — Herring Gull. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 7 9 , 3 cT Larus argentatus Lee, NH V1I1-25-196A J.E.K. Measurements : Quadraceps omatus Head Length .57 .58 Head Width .55 .60 Prothorax Width .30 .31 Pterothorax Width .49 .49 Abdomen Length 1.12 1.18 Abdomen Width .66 .69 Total Length 2.05 2.13 Quadraceps punctatus regressus Timmermann, 1952 Quadraceps punctatus regressus Timmermann, 1952. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. , (12) , 5: 215. Type host: Larus argentatus Pontoppidan — Herring Gull. This species may be separated from Quadraceps omatus which may be found on the same host, by the following characters: head always con- siderably longer than wide, pointed; mandibles weak and small; antennae uncolored. In Q. omatus the head is a little longer than wide; the mandibles are large; and the last segment of the antenna is brown in adult forms. Quadraceps punctatus sublingulatus Timmermann, 1952, is found on Larus delauarensis Ord — Ring-billed Gull and Larus Philadelphia (Ord) differing from regressus in lacking dark anterior spots on the ptero- thorax. Quadraceps ravus (Kellogg, 1899) Nirmus furvus ravus Kellogg, 1899. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 14, pi. 2, fig. 1. Degeeriella subfusca Blagoveshtchensky , 1948. Mag. Parasit., Leningr., 10: 286, figs. 20 and 20a. Type host: Actitis macularis (Linnaeus) — Spotted Sandpiper. A dark species, short and quite stout, lacking median longitudinal uncolored line across the first 6 or 7 abdominal segments. 139 Measurements: Quadraceps ravus (Kellogg, 1899) d 9 * Head Length .40 .40 Head Width .30 .31 Prothorax Width .19 Pterothorax Width .30 Abdomen Length .72 — Abdomen Width .40 .37 Total Length 1.38 1.43 * from Kellogg (1899) Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 cT Actitis macularis Durham, NH IX-4-1965 B.Barrett 1 slide " " Orono, Me. — Cornell Coll. Quadraceps sellatus sellatus (Burmeister, 1838) Nirmus sellatus Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent., 2: 428. Philopterus stellatus Gervais , 1844. In Walckenaer, Hist. Nat. Insectes, 3: 346 (misspelling). Nirmus sellinger Giebel, 1861. Z. ges . NatWiss., 18: 315 {nn for N. sellatus Burmeister, 1838). Type host: Sterna hirundo Linnaeus — Common Tern. I have no data on this species of Mallophaga. Quadraceps similis (Giebel, 1866) Nirmus similis Giebel, 1866. Z. ges. NatWiss., 28: 374. Nirmus interruptus Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 173, pi. 14; fig. 6. Nirmus olypeatus Kellogg and Paine, 1914. Rec. Indian Mus . , 10: 237, pi. 14, fig. 3. Degeeriella austini Peters, 1931. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 24: 585, fig. 2. Degeeriella dissimilis Blagoveshtchensky , 1948. Mag. Parasit., Leningr. , 10: 283, figs. 15 and 15a. Type host: Tringa nebularis (Gunnerus) . New England host: Totanus melanoleuous (Gmelin) — Greater Yellowlegs. An elongate Quadraceps with posterolateral angles of the ptero- thorax with 2 long and 3 short setae; 3 setae near the middle of the dorsal margin of the pterothorax. Abdominal pleurites narrow. Male genitalia distinctive, the parameres and endomeres are sharply elbowed and pointed. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 4 9 , 3 cf Totanus melanoleuous Durham, NH VIII-30-1965 J.E.K. 140 Quadraceps strepsilaris (Denny, 1842) NirrmAS strepsilaris Denny, 18A2. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 52 and 135, pi. 11, fig. 4. Nirmus suboingulatus Nitzsch, 1866. In Giebel, Z. gas. NatWiss., 28: 372. Nirmus luprepes Kellogg and Chapman, 1902. J. N. Y. Ent . Soc, 10: 21, pi. 3, fig. 1. Type host: Arenaria interpres (Linnaeus) — Ruddy Turnstone. Preantennal region with 4 marginal hairs; trabeculae prominent; antennae short reaching 2/3 distance to the occipital margin, first 3 segments almost colorless, last 2 brown; temples with 2 long setae; dorsal anterior plate shield-shaped. Prothorax quadrangular; sides slightly diverging; posterolateral angle with 1 short seta. Pterothorax with widely diverging sides; posterolateral angles with 3 long setae. Abdomen elongate-elliptical; posterior angles of the segments slightly projecting; 1 or 2 setae in posterior angles; 2 long setae on the pos- terodorsal margins of the abdominal segments. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1$ , Icf Arenaria interpres Hampton, NH IX-9-1965 B.Barrett 1 slide " " Rye, NH VIII-30-1932 L.R.Nelson (USNM) The Hampton collection yielded 1 female and 1 immature Quadraceps which I was unable positively to place into this species. Quadraceps waterstoni Hopkins and Timmermann, 1954 Quadraceps waterstoni Hopkins and Timmermann, 1954. Trans. R. Ent. Soc. London, 105: 143, fig. 9; pi. 2, figs. 11-12. Type host: Tringa solitaria Wilson — Solitary Sandpiper. A moderately narrow, very dark species. Lateral outlines of clypeus straight. Male with 1st abdominal tergite completely divided, 2nd incised well beyond middle, 3rd nearly to middle, IV- VI slightly divided, VII-VIII divided. Female abdominal tergite I divided, II-III deeply incised, IV-V divided to middle, VI-VII slightly incised. Hopkins and Timmermann (1954) report this species from Massachusetts. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector l9, 2o' Tringa solitaria Durham, NH IX-4-1965 B.Barrett 3?, 3^* " " Hampton Falls, NH V-10-1965 B.Barrett 141 Measurements : Quadraaeps waterstoni Hopkins and Timmermann cT $ Head Length .37 .40 Head Width .24 .25 Prothorax Width .16 .18 Pterothorax Width .22 .24 Abdomen Length .88 1.14 Abdomen Width .31 .34 Total Length 1.50 1.80 RALLICOLA Onaophorus Piaget, 1880 (nee Rudow, 1870). Les Pediculines : 213. Type species: Onaophorus hisetosns Piaget, 1880 (By subse- quent designation, Hopkins and Clay, 1951, Checklist of Mallophaga: 317) . Rallioola Johnston and Harrison, 1911. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , 36: 324. Type species: Onaophorus attenuatus (Burmeister, 1838) (A synonym of Rallioola ovtxjgometvae Schrank, 1781). Vavricola Harrison, 1915. Parasitology, 8: 90. Type species: Rallioola suloatus Piaget, 1880. Apterioola Harrison, 1915. Parasitology, 8: 90. Type species: Rallioola (Apterioola) gadowi Harrison, 1915. Fumarioola Carriker, 1944. Bol. Ent . Venezol., 3: 83. Type species: Fumarioola aoutifrons Carriker, 1944. Corvioola Carriker, 1949. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 100: 3. Type species: Corvioola insulanus Carriker, 1949. Epipious Carriker, 1949. Rev. Brasil. Biol., 9: 309. Type species: Epipious soapanoides Carriker, 1949. Head longer than wide, never with a complete carina around an- terior margin; marginal carina interrupted laterally. Dorsal prean- tennal suture, when present, originating at distal end of marginal carina. Dorsal clypeal plate usually present and with rounded, flattened, or acuminate posterior margin but never produced into a thickened point posteriorly. Ventral carina always interrupted medially and extended forward and fused to distal end of marginal carina at each side. Temporal lobes slightly expanded; gular plate moderately well developed. Prothorax small, narrow and distinct from pterothorax, the latter with lateral margins divergent and posterior margin prolonged as a median point. Abdomen in both sexes elongate. Abdominal segments IX-X fused and not separated from segment XI by a definite suture. Tergal plates IX-X continuous across the segment and only slightly narrowed medially. Female with edge of vulva set with fine setae; small spine-like setae and a tubercle on ventrolateral edge of segment IX bearing 1-3 long, stout hairs. Male genitalia with mesosome usually shorter than parameres and often a well sclerotized penis, with opening terminal or ventro-terminal , rarely dorso- terminal. Parameres varying in shape but always elongate. 142 Rallioola advenus (Kellogg, 1896) Onaophorus advena Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 133, pi. 11, figs. 1 and 2. Doaophorus minuto-tvabeoulatus Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n. s.), 5: 221. Type host: Fulioa americana Gmelin — American Coot. A short stout species, with a short wide head. Hyaline margin of forehead not extended, broadly rounded; antennae sexually dimorphic, the male with the 1st antennal segment enlarged and elongated. Ab- dominal tergites II-VII in the female, and II-IV in the male, inter- rupted medially. Abdominal sternites III-VI in both sexes with 6 or 7 medium length setae on the posterior margins. Kellogg (1896) collected 1 male and 1 female in California. Osborn (1896) collected this species from a stuffed American Coot skin in Iowa. Peters (1936) reports it from Washington, D. C. , Louisiana, and South Carolina. Emerson (1940) from Oklahoma, and Emerson (1955) from Iowa, Louisiana, New Mexico, and Kansas. Measurements: Rallioola advenus (Kellogg, 1896) (from Emerson, Head Length .33 .30 Head Width .34 .40 Prothorax Width .23 .26 Pterothorax Width .33 .35 Total Length 1.20 1.40 Rallioola kelloggi Emerson, 1957 Rallioola kelloggi Emerson, 1957. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 59: 188, fig. 3. Type host: Rallus limiaola Vieillot — Virginia Rail. Head slender with wide hyaline margin. Antennae sexually dimor- phic, the male with the 1st segment enlarged and elongate, bearing an appendage, the female antennae filiform. Posterior margin of pterothorax with 4 pairs of long setae. Abdominal tergite II of male interrupted medially. Abdominal tergites II-III of female inter- rupted medially and IV indented medially; each tergite with a pair of setae located medially on the posterior margin; sternites III-VI with 4 setae on the posterior margin; and sternites VII-VIII with 2 setae on the posterior margin. Peters (1928) and Geist (1931) report this species from Ohio. Emerson (1957) reports collections from Maryland , Ohio, British Columbia, and New Jersey. 1955) cT .33 .34 .23 .33 1.20 143 Measurements: Ralliaola kelloggi Emerson, 1957 (from Emerson, 1954) d 9 Head Length .42 .45 Head Width .35 .36 Prothorax Width .21 .23 Pterothorax Width .28 .30 Total Length 1.26 1.42 Ralliaola mystax (Giebel, 1874) Nirmus mystax Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 301. Type host: Porzana porzana Linnaeus. New England host: Porzana Carolina (Linnaeus) — Sora. Head long and slender with a wide hyaline margin. Antennae sexually dimorphic, 1st segment of the male antenna enlarged and elongated with an appendage. Abdominal segment II with tergite some- times divided, the other tergites transversely continuous in both sexes. Abdominal sternites III-VI with 4 long setae on the posterior margins. There are 2 species of Ralliaola found on the Sora; thus, all records published before 1957 when the 2nd species was described must be questioned. Emerson (1957) reports this species from Idaho. Measurements: Ralliaola mystax (Giebel, 1874) d 9 Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Pterothorax Width Total Length Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 cJ* Porzana Carolina Wooster, Ohio VIII-25-1917 P.R.Lowry Ralliaola ortygometrae aalifomiaus (Kellogg and Chapman, 1899) Onaophorus bisetosus aalifomiaus Kellogg and Chapman, 1899. Dec. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci,, 6: 106, pi. 7, fig. 6. Type host: Rallus longirostris Boddaert — Clapper Rail. Abdominal tergites II-VIII in the female, and II-III in the male; interrupted medially. Antennae similar in the 2 sexes. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 99, ISd* Rallus longirostris Seabrook, NH V-10-1965 B.Barrett 144 .37 .40 .32 .35 .18 .21 .27 .30 1.30 1.30 Locality Rallicola ortygometvae subpovzanae Emerson, 1957 Rallicola ortygometrae suhporzanae Emerson, 1957. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. , 59: 186, fig. 2. Type host: Porzana Carolina (Linnaeus) — Sora. This subspecies is very similar to the one above, except all tergites in both sexes are transversely continuous. Measurements: Rallicola ortygometrae suhporzanae Emerson (from Emerson, 1957) cf 9 Head Length .48 .44 Head Width .38 .36 Prothorax Width .22 .21 Pterothorax Width .32 .32 Total Length 1.43 1.51 RHYNONIRMUS Rhynonirmus Thompson, 1935. Parasitology, 27: 281. Type species: Lipeurus infuscatus Osborn, 1896. Head variable in shape; strongly thickened along clypeal edge; signature indefinite though an irregular transverse clypeal suture is present; mouth parts unmodified; oral fossa remote, transverse, round- ed, oblong. Trabeculae distinct, not exceeding the 1st antennal joint, generally much shorter. Antennae variable in shape. Occipital edge nearly straight. Metathorax very wide angled posteriorly. First abdominal tergite with sides divergent; tergites transversely con- tinuous, transparent near spiracles. Tergites II-VI meniscus shaped, and the intertergal membrane becomes strongly chitinized in fully adult specimens. Pleurites simple. Chaetotaxy, 1 dorsal and 1 ventral row. Male genitalia. Basal plate widest posteriorly. Mesosome triangular, shortly produced posteriorly; parameres excessively thin towards inner edge, and closely fitting the mesosome. The latter bears 1 pair of minute bristles on the wider portion, and 3 pairs apically . Rhynonirmus parsonae Clay, 1961 Rhynonirmus parsonae Clay, 1961. Bull. Brit. Mus . (N. H.), Ent., 11: 50, figs. 9-11, and plate 1, figs. 2, 5 and 6. Type host: Philohela minor (Gmelin) — American Woodcock. Male with tergite II completely separated and with 2 terminal and 2 subterminal setae on distal end of "penis". Female with tergites II- V or VI deeply indented medially and VI or VII and sometimes VIII with a shallow notch. Peters (1928) records this species from Ohio and Clay (1961) has examined 16 males and 28 females from Massachusetts. 145 Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 35 9, 9 a" Philohe la minor Kingston, RI VI-25-1902 A.Moorehouse Ehynonirmns scolopaois (Denny, 1842) Nirmus scolopaois Denny, 1842, Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 54 and 149, pi. 2, fig. 8. Nirmus trunaatus Nitzsch, 1866 (nee Olfers, 1816). In Giebel, Z. ges. NatWiss., 28: 375. Lipeurus emarginatus Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 328, pi. 28, fig. 2. Nirmus trunaatus magnocephalus Carriker, 1902. J. N. Y. Ent . Soc. , 10: 218, pi. 20, fig. 4. Type host: Capella gallinago (Linnaeus) — Common Snipe. Carriker (1902) reports this species from Nebraska. I have not collected this species and have no records of its collection in New England. Measurements: Rhynonirmus soolopacis (Denny, 1842) (from Carriker, 1902) 9 Head Length .46 Head Width .31 Abdomen Width .34 Total Length 1.70 ROTUNDICEPS Rotundiceps Edwards, 1952. Psyche, 59: 28. Type species: Nirmus cordatus Osborn, 1896. Head broadly rounded, slightly broader than long, only slightly buttressed marginally. Relatively strongly buttressed around the bases of the antennae and mandibular articulations. Signature only barely represented by small irregular sclerotized area. Posterior margin of head armed with short stout setae. Rounded, lightly sclerotized gular area. Posterior margin of pterothorax with com- plete although irregular row of long setae. Abdomen slightly longer than broad, lightly sclerotized without obvious delineation of ter- gites and sternites . Spiracles 6, on morphological segments III-VIII. Mid-dorsal and mid-ventral double rows of setae on proximal 7 segments. All spiracles except 1st and last with long setae posterior to each on border of tergite. In male, the first 6 tergites narrowed medially; with 7th separated into 2 parts, the 8th complete. Male genital open- ing dorso-terminal. 146 Rotundioeps cordatus (Osborn, 1896) Nirmus cordatus Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent . , (n. s.), 5; 228, pi. 2, fig. a. Nirmus lucidus Kellogg and Mann, 1912. Ent. News, 23: 60. Type host: Limosa fedoa (Linnaeus) — Marbled Godwit. This is the only known species in the genus. The Cornell University collection contains a slide of this species collected at Popham Beach, Phippsburg, Maine. SAEMUNDSSONIA Saemundssonia Timmermann, 1935. Zool. Anz., 114: 97. Type species: Philopterus gonothorax Giebel, 1874. Hastaephorus Keler, 1936. Arb. Morph. Tax. Ent. Berlin-Dahlem, 3: 261. Type species: Docophorus alpinus Giebel, 1874 (A synonym of Docophorus tringae (0. Fabricius, 1780). Pufinoecus Eichler, 1949a. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. , 79: 12. Type species: Puffinoeaus peusi Eichler, 1949. Head large, longer than wide, forehead narrowed and flattened anteriorly with a hyaline margin and concave sides. Central anterior plate distinct, modified by internal thickening and with a posteriorly directed point. Carinae of head striking in appearance; temporal carinae passing from occipital margin of head across temples, contin- uous with temporal margin above well developed eyes. Ocular seta on ventral lens of each eye. Antennae filiform, similar in the 2 sexes; trabeculae large and well developed. Temporal lobes evenly expanded and rounded. Prothorax short, sides slightly diverging; pterothorax large, sides diverging; posterior margin broadly convex with a row of long setae transversely positioned. Abdomen broad with prominent sternal plates; sternite VII with posteriorly directed pointed process at each anterolateral angle. Parameres of male genitalia long, curved, rod-shaped. Saemundssonia aonica (Denny, 1842) Docophorus conious Denny, 1842. Men. Anopl. Brit.: 45 and 90, pi, 5, fig. 2. Docophorus fuliginosus hauaiiensis Kellogg and Chapman, 1902. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc. , 10: 157. Philopterus wallacei Johnston and Harrison, 1912. Trans. N. Z. Inst. , 44: 369, figs. 5-6. Philopterus nwneniiaola Johnston and Harrison, 1912. Trans. N. Z. Inst., 44: 372, figs. 11-12. Type host: Pluvialis apricaris (Linnaeus). New England host : Charadrius vociferus Linnaeus — Killdeer. 147 Head longer than wide, with elongate concave-sided clypeus; evenly rounded temporal lobes, and slightly concave posterior margin. Prothorax with sides diverging and hind margin slightly convex. Pterothorax with posterolateral angles not truncated but acute, pro- jecting posteriorly over the abdomen. Abdomen oval. A subspecies of Saemundssonia conica, S. conica natonanni, is found on the Black-bellied Plover. Saemundssonia aonica naumanni (Giebel, 1874) Doaophorus naumanni Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 100. DoGophoriiS fuliginosus Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 80, pi. 3, fig. 2. Type host: Squatarola squatarola (Linnaeus) — Black-bellied Plover. Kellogg (1896) records this species from Kansas, and Peters (1936) from Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Squatarola squatarola Rye, NH IX-19-1932 L.R.Nelson (USNM) Measurements: S. aonica naumanni (Giebel, 1874) (from Kellogg, 1896) d 9 Head Length Head Width Abdomen Width Total Length "Saemundssonia cordiceps (Piaget , 1880) " Doaophorus aordiaeps Piaget, 1880 {nee Giebel, 1874). Les Pediculines : 664, pi. 54, fig. 7. Type host: Arenaria interpres (Linnaeus) — Ruddy Turnstone. I have no information concerning this species of Saemundssonia. Saemundssonia haemastiaa Carriker, 1956 Saemundssonia haemastiaa Carriker, 1956. Florida Ent . , 39: 31, figs. 26-28. Type host: Limosa haemastiaa (Linnaeus) — Hudsonian Godwit. Carriker (1956) records this species from Nebraska and Kansas and states that this species differs from species of Saemundssonia collected from Limosa lapponioa. Bar-tailed Godwit, and from Limosa limosa. Black-tailed Godwit, by a longer and narrower head. However, he gave no measurements from these 2 hosts for comparison. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 19,1 imm. Limosa haemastiaa Plum Island, Mass. X-31-1964 148 .60 .65 .53 .65 .65 .90 1.62 2.00 Measurements: S. haemastica Carriker, 1956 9 Carriker, 1956 Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Pterothorax Width Abdomen Width Total Length .67 .62 .35 .51 .90 2.09 9 Plum Island .63 .61 .33 .49 .93 2.02 Saemundssonia lari lari (0. Fabricius, 1780) Pediaulus lari 0. Fabricius, 1780. Fauna Groenlandica: 219. Saemundssonia gonothorax lariphaga Timmermann, 1949. Verb. Visind. Isl. (2), 3: 8. Saemundssonia gonothorax lariphaga Eichler, 1950 (nea Timmermann, 1949). Verb. Visind. Isl. (3), 1: 13, figs. 10-13. Type host: Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus — Glaucous Gull. Other New England hosts: Larus glauaoides Meyer — Iceland Gull. Larus marinim Linnaeus — Great Black-backed Gull. Larus argentatus Pontoppidan — Herring Gull. Larus delawarensis Ord — Ring-billed Gull. Larus atricilla Linnaeus — Laughing Gull. Rissa tridaotyla (Linnaeus) — Black-legged Kittiwake. In 5. I. lari the tergal plates of abdominal segment II are joined medially in both sexes and the dorsal abdominal setae of the female do not form a continuous line across the segment, but occur only along the posterior margins of the tergal plates. In the male genitalia there is no sclerotized cross-bar at the distal end of the basal plate and the endomeral projections are fused medially. Specimens Host 5 slides 9 9,5 0* 1 slide 1 slide 1 slide 1 slide 1 slide 1 slide 1 slide 1 slide 7 9 . ^cf Larus mannus Locality Marshfield, Mass. Hampton, NH Rye, NH Larus argentatus Norwalk, Conn. Little Duck Isld. ,Me. Cape Cod, Mass. Danvers, Mass. Maiden, Mass. N.Eastham, Mass. Oak Bluffs, Mass. " " Lee, NH " Rye, NH Larus delawarensis Chatham, Mass. Larus atricilla Massachusetts Rissa tridaotyla Isleford, Me. Date XII-30-1930 X-31-1964 XI-10-1932 V-6-1928 V-6-1928 VII-30-1927 VIII-19-1964 1965 1-12-1932 XI-14-1941 VIII-25-1964 XII-14-1964 IV-15-1936 III-27-1936 Collector USNM J.E.K. L.R.Nelson (USNM) USNM BMS Cornell Coll. C.M.Herman M.Brown (USNM) C.N.Smith (USNM) J.E.K. J.E.K. USNM (Peters, 1936) A.E.B. 149 Measurements : S. lari from Larus main-nus d 9 Head Length .60 .60 Head Width .60 .66 Prothorax Width .33 .36 Pterothorax Width .47 .51 Abdomen Length .82 1.06 Abdomen Width .82 1.02 Total Length 1.78 2.25 Peters (1936) records this species from the Great Black-backed Gull in Massachusetts and New Hampshire and Brimley (1938) from North Carolina. Measurements : S. lari from Larus argentatus o" 9 Head Length .58 .61 Head Width .58 .66 Prothorax Width .34 .36 Pterothorax Width .48 .52 Abdomen Length .82 .93 Abdomen Width .87 .93 Total Length 1.75 1.92 Peters (1936) reports this species from Connecticut, Florida, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maine, and South Carolina; Brimley (1938) from North Carolina; and Stirrett (1952) from Ontario. Measurements: S. lari from Rissa tridactyla d 9 Head Length .55 .61 Head Width .54 .63 Prothorax Width .31 .36 Pterothorax Width .43 .51 Abdomen Length .72 .84 Abdomen Width .79 .93 Total Length 1.59 1.83 Saemundssonia latiaaudata (Rudow, 1869) Docophorus laticaudatus Rudow, 1869. Beitr. Kenntn. Malloph.: 12. Type host: Thalasseus sandvicensis (Latham) — Sandwich Tern. New England host: Thalasseus maximus (Boddaert) — Royal Tern. Males of this species are characterized by the basal plate with- out a distal cross-bar; parameres greater than .20 mm in length; mesosomal setae in a linear arrangement, occasionally clustered on 1 side; inner face of paramere head with a slight basal concavity; dorsal anterior plate .16-. 18 mm in width; 4-9 setae on margin of ab- dominal sternite VI. Females of S. latiaaudata lack an emargination 150 on the hyaline anterior margin of the head; thoracic sternal plate with setae only on the posterior margin; sternite VII with postero- lateral angles fused to subgenital plate; and width at temples greater than .63 mm. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 4 9, 1 cf Thalasseus maximus Hampton, NH IX-1-1954 D.Dupee Saemundssonia lookeyi Clay, 1949 Saemundssonia lookeyi Clay, 1949. Amer. Mus . Novit., no. 1409: 11, figs. 17, 24, and 25. Type host: Sterna vittata Gmelin. New England host: Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan — Arctic Tern. Male basal plate lacking a cross-bar; endomere with terminal, lightly sclerotized, evenly rounded process; parameres wider than those of S. stemae; length of paramere greater than .20 mm; setae of meso- some in a clustered arrangement. The females of S. lookeyi cannot be distinguished from those of S. stemae on the Common Tern or those infesting the Sandwich Tern and Sooty Tern. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Sterna paradisaea Ship Isle, Me. — Cornell Coll. Saemundssonia melanooephalus (Burmeister, 1838) Dooophorus melanooephalus Burmeister, 1838. Handb . Ent., 2: 426. Type host: Sterna albifrons Pallas — Least Tern. Males of this species are easily distinguished by the presence of a terminal, strongly sclerotized tooth-like process on the endo- mere. In the females, the 7th sternite has the posterolateral angles fused to the subgenital plate; width at the temples is less than .62 mm but more than .57 mm; width of dorsal anterior plate .14 to .18 mm. Ward (1955) reports this species from South Carolina. Saemundssonia merguli (Denny, 1842) Dooophorus merguli Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 42 and 72, pi. 3, fig. 7. Type host: Plautus alle (Linnaeus) — Dovekie. Head with large anterior hyaline margin not emarginate ; dorsal anterior plate large, width .15 mm. Trabeculae large; antennae fili- form, narrow, segments short. Pterothorax with 10 marginal dorsal setae. Abdomen ovoid; tergite II undivided. Male genitalia with narrow parameres, bladelike and slightly curved. Peters (1936) reports this species from Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina. Brimley (1938) reports it from North Carolina. 151 Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 9 Plautus alle Durham, NH XII-7-1962 — 1 slide II II Bar Harbor, Me. XI-24-1937 A.E.B. 1 slide n It Mt. Desert, Me XII-3-1934 A.E.B. 1 slide It ti Massachusetts Bay XII-28-1882 MCZ 1 slide II II Monument ?, Mass. XII-14-1871 W.Hope (MCZ) 1 slide It It N. Eastham, Mass. XI-11-1932 O.L.Austin (USNM) 1 slide II 11 Osterville, Mass. 1-21-1931 USNM 1 slide It It It It 1-21-1931 BMS Measurements : S. mevguti Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Pterothorax Width Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length .55 .45 .28 .36 .61 .63 1.45 .60 .49 .31 .42 .93 .81 1.86 Saemundssonia platygaster (Denny, 1842) Dooophoms platygaster Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 44 and 83, pi. 2, fig. 5. Docophorus peristica Kellogg and Kuwana, 1902. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. , 4: 462, pi. 28, fig. 2. Philopterus ohenamyaha Seguy, 1949. Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, 2A: 166, figs. 3-5. Saemundssonia optimatis Eichler, 1953. In Neithammer, Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 4: 275, fig. 37. Type host: Charadrius hiaticula Linnaeus. New England hosts: Charadrius semipatmatus Bonaparte — Semipalraated Plover. Charadrius melodus Ord — Piping Plover. Aotitis macularia (Linnaeus) — Spotted Sandpiper. Tringa solitaria Wilson — Solitary Sandpiper. Totanus melanoleucus (Gmelin) — Greater Yellowlegs. Calidris oanutus (Linnaeus) — Knot. Head conical; almost as long as wide; clypeus short, rounded an- teriorly; dorsal anterior plate pyriform; temporal area rounded with 3 setae. Prothorax trapezoidal with 2 setae in each posterolateral angle. Pterothorax rounded posteriorly with 5 or 6 setae on each side of the mid-line on the dorsal posterior margin. Abdomen rounded, oval. Male genitalia with very long parameres. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Charadrius semipatmatus Plymouth, Mass. X-4-1923 BMS 1 slide " " Rye, NH IX-24-1934 L.R.Nelson (USNM) 152 Saemundssonia saolopacisphaeopodis saolopacisphaeopodis (Schrank, 1803) Pediaulus soolopacis-phaeopodis Schrank, 1803. Fauna Boica: 191. DoGophovus hwneT'alis Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 45 and 88, pi. 5, fig. 7. Docophorus rotundus Rudow, 1869. Beitr. Kenntn. Malloph. : 11. Philopterus armatus Johnston and Harrison, 1912. Trans. N. Z. Inst. , 44: 370, figs. 7-10. Docophorus viridiooZa Kellogg, 1914. Sci. Bull. Brooklyn Inst., 2: 82, pi. 16, fig. 2. Saemundssonia humeralis ameriaana Carriker, 1956. Florida Ent., 39: 31, figs. 24-25. Type host: Nimenius phaeopus (Linnaeus) — Whimbrel. Head without emarginate hyaline margin. Prothorax with 1 long seta in each posterolateral angle; pterothorax with 18-24 long setae on the posterior margin and a lateral spine-like seta on each side. Two meso- and 2 metasternal setae on the sternal plate. Abdomen with tergal plate II entire; III-XI divided medially. Peters (1936) reports this species from Florida, Massachusetts, and South Carolina. Specimens Host 2 9 . Icf Numenius phaeopus 2 slides 1 slide Locality Phippsburg, Me. Newbury, Mass. Rye.NH Date IX-9-1965 IX-13-1921 IX-9-1933 Collector H.Tyler A. B. Fuller (USNM) L.R.Nelson (USNM) Measurements: 5. s. saolopacisphaeopodis (Schrank, 1803) Male cT Female 9 Head Length Head Width Pterothorax Width Abdomen Length Total Length .66 .69 .52 .82 1.87 .73 .85 .61 1.09 2.25 Saemundssonia stemae (Linnaeus, 1758) Pediaulus stemae Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10: 612. Nirmus fomiaatus Olfers, 1816. De Veget...: 89. Docophorus 5-maaulatus Piaget, 1885. Les Pediculines, Supple- ment: 9, pi. 1, fig. 10. Type host: Sterna hirundo Linnaeus — Common Tern. Other New England host : Sterna dougallii Montagu — Roseate Tern. Head with anterior hyaline margin flattened; dorsal anterior plate with anterior margin flattened or slightly concave, and projec- ting beyond point of fusion of internal and marginal bands. Ptero- thorax with 7-10 long setae on dorsal posterior margin, each side. 153 Abdomen ovoid with tergal plates of segment II approximate or in con- tact medially, and joined together by well marked secondary scleroti- zation. Ward (1955) reports this species from Virginia, Ohio, Louisiana, Minnesota, and Georgia. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 2 cf Sterna hirundo Greenland, NH IX-2-1965 J.E.K. Saemundssonia tringae (0. Fabricius, 1780) Tediculus tringae 0. Fabricius, 1780. Fauna Groenlandica: 219. DoGophorus canuti Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 44 and 84, pi. 3, fig. 5. Docophorus fusiformis Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 44 and 84, pi. 1, fig. 2. Docophorus variabilis Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 42 and 71, pi. 3, fig. 4. Docophorus alpinus Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 105. Docophorus lari Grube, 1851 (nee 0. Fabricius, 1780). Middendorf f 's sibir. Reise: 473. Docophorus arcttcus Mjoberg, 1910. Ark. Zool., 6: 122, fig. 69. Saemundssonia grubi Eichler, 1942. Zool. Anz., 139: 31 (nn for D. lari Grube, 1851). Type host: Erolia maratima (Brunnich) — Purple Sandpiper. Other New England hosts: Arenaria interpres (Linnaeus) — Ruddy Turnstone. Calidris canutus (Linnaeus) — Knot. Erolia melanotos (Vieillot) — Pectoral Sandpiper. Erolia minutilla (Vieillot) — Least Sandpiper. Erolia alpina (Linnaeus) — Dunlin. Ereunetes pusillus (Linnaeus) — Semipalmated Sandpiper. Crocethia alba (Pallas) — Sanderling. Head with dorsal anterior plate markedly concave on anterior mar- gin. Tergal plates of abdominal segment II joined medially in both sexes and the dorsal abdominal setae do not form a continuous line across each segment, occurring only along the posterior margins of the tergal plates. Male genitalia with a sclerotized cross-bar at the distal end of the basal plate; endomeral projections fused medially. Measurements: Saemundssonia tringae (0. Fabricius, 1780). (from Clay and Hopkins, 1954) d 9 Head Length .55 .62 Head Width .51 .59 Pterothorax Width .38 .47 Abdomen Width .65 .83 Total Length 1.47 1.67 154 Specimens Host Erolia maratima Erolia alpina 1 slide 1 slide 1 slide 1 slide 1 slide Ereunetes pusillns Saemundssonia sp . Locality Date New Hampshire V-1-1933 N.Eastham.Mass. X-26-1930 Rye, NH Seabrook, NH X-26-1930 X-2-1933 IX-29-1936 Collector L.R.Nelson (USNM) H.S.Peters (USNM) K.C.Emerson L.R.Nelson (USNM) USNM Collections of this undescribed species were made from the Thick- billed Mure, Uria lomvia. Specimens Host 2 5 , Itf . 3 imm. 5 9, Id" , 1 imm. Locality Uria lomvia Kittery, Me. " " Bar Harbor, Me. Date 1-26-1964 1-24-1934 Collector A.E.B. STRIGIPHILUS M Strigiphilus Mjoberg, 1910. Ark. Zool., 6: 132. Type species: Docophorus heteroaerus Nitzsch, 1861 (neo Grube, 1851) (A synonym of Strigiphilus goniodicerus Eichler, 1949). Eus trigiphi lus Ewing, 1926. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 28: 148. Type species: Philopterus ceblebraohys (Denny, 1842). Tytoniella Eichler, 1949a. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., 79: 13. Type species: Docophorus rostratus Burmeister, 1838. Head large; forehead irregularly rounded, with sides evenly rounded. Dorsal anterior plate undivided and extending anteriorly nearly to the front of the head; clypeal bands distinct, dark and ex- tending to the margin of the head. Trabeculae reduced, not reaching tip of 1st antennal segment in the majority of described species. Temporal lobes rounded, slightly expanded laterally. Prothorax short; pterothorax broader than basal segment of the abdomen. Abdomen variable, broad and stout in many species, usually deeply pigmented with prominent spiracles and distinct pleural plates, the latter with serrate posterior borders. Genitalia of male with long basal plate, fused endomeres and short stubby free parameres. True penis absent. Members of this genus are parasitic upon birds of the order Strigif ormes , Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash, Strigiphilus aoutifrons Emerson, 1961 Strigiphilus aoutifrons Emerson, 1961. 74: 189, figs. 2 and 10. Type host: Bubo virginianus (Gmelin) — Great Horned Owl. 155 .65 .70 .57 .62 .34 .38 .51 .56 .82 .90 1.88 2.15 Locality _ Date Lincoln, Me. Jan.-. Head longer than wide with narrow, long dorsal anterior plate bearing a caudally pointed projection and 2 angled projections on either side of the midline. Genital plate of male narrow and elon- gated with 2 long setae centrally in the anterior portion. Genital plate of female rectangular in shape with sparsely scattered small setae. Terminal abdominal segment of female bilobed. Measurements: Stvigiphilus aautifrons Emerson, 1961 (from Emerson, 1961) d 9 Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Pterothorax Width Abdomen Width Total Length Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 3 9 , 3 cf Bubo virginianus Lincoln, Me. Jan. -June ,1941 W.J.Clayton Stngiphilus barbatus (Osborn, 1902) Docophorus barbatus Osborn, 1902. Ohio Nat., 2: 201, pi. 14, fig. 1. Neodooophorus asionis Eichler, 1949. Beitr. Tax. Zool., 1: 12, pi. 1, figs. 1-12. Type host: Asio otus (Linnaeus) — Long-eared Owl. Head narrowed in front of antennae, the margin slightly concave; dorsal anterior plate long, narrow posteriorly; antennae small, similar in the 2 sexes. Prothorax quadrate with anterior angles rounded and posterior angles nearly rectangular; posterior margin slightly convex, with 1 long seta in each posterolateral angle. Abdomen elongate-oval. Osborn described this species from the Rusty Blackbird collected in Nebraska. The host designation was in error as indicated by Emerson (1955b) who examined cotypes of this species which agrees with other material taken from Asio otus. Stvigiphilus aeblebraahys (Denny, 1842) Pedioulus strigis 0. Fabricius, 1780 {nee Pontoppida, 1763). Fauna Groenlandica: 216. Docophorus aeblebraahys Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 45 and 92, pi. 1, fig. 3. Type host: Nyctea saandiaoa (Linnaeus) — Snowy Owl. Head wider than long, flatly rounded in front. Dorsal anterior plate short and broad, wider than long, pointed posteriorly; eye with long seta arising dorsally; temporal carina darkly pigmented. Pro- thorax small, with a single long seta on each lateral margin; proster- nal plate with 2 long setae. Pterothorax with 16 long setae on the posterior margin. Abdomen robust, with well marked pleural plates. 156 This is a common mallophagan on the Snowy Owl which has been re- ported from many localities; Wilson (1928) New York; Peters (1928) Ohio; Peters (1936) Maine and New Hampshire; Procter (1938) Maine; Brimley (1939) North Carolina; Emerson (1940) Oklahoma; Brown and Wilk (1944) Alberta; Stirrett (1952) and Judd (1953) Ontario; and Whitehead (1954) Quebec. Specimens Host 665 Nye ■iU 1 slide 11 1 slide n 9 slides II 1 slide If 1 slide 11 1 slide II 1 slide II 1 slide 11 1 slide II 1 slide II 1 slide II Locality Date Collector Nyotea saandiaoa Seabrook, NH " Branford, Conn. Middletown , Conn . Brunswick, Me. Lincoln, Me. II II II II II II Scituate,Mass. Hinsdale, NH Little Compton, RI XI-6-1964 R.Gilmore Cornell Coll. XI-14-1937 A.H.Armstrong (MCZ) W.N.Rice (USNM) XI-12-1926 A. 0. Gross (USNM) XI-16-1937 A.E.B. XI-27-1937 A.E.B. XII-7-1937 A.E.B. X-14-1941 A.E.B. XI-12-1926 J.B.May (BMS) 11-19-1939 L.R.Nelson (USNM) Cornell Coll. The 665 5. ceblehrachys was the largest number of Mallophaga taken from a single bird during the course of this study. Measurements: Strigiphilus oeblebrachys (Denny, 1842) cf 9 Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Pterothorax Width Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length .57 .64 .36 .52 .96 .88 1.84 .63 .73 .42 .63 1.20 .94 2.20 Mus , Mus , Stvigiphilus cursor (Burmeister, 1838) Docophorus cursor Burmeister, 1838. Handb . Ent . , 2: 426. Nirmus brachyoti Denny, 1852. List Brit. Animals in Brit. pt. II, Anoplura: 13 (nn for D. cursor Burmeister, 1838) Nirmus stridulae Denny, 1852. List Brit. Animals in Brit. pt. II, Anoplura: 13 {nn for D. cursor Burmeister, 1838). Docophorus nudipes Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 26, pi. 1, fig. 6. Type host: Asia flammeus (Pontoppidan) — Short-eared Owl. I do not have any information concerning this species of Mallophaga. 157 Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Asio flarmeus Middletown, Conn. XI-15-1925 O.L.Austin, Jr. (USNM) A specimen of S. aursov (Burmeister, 1838). Strigiphilus ocutatus (Rudow, 1870) Nirmus ooulatus Rudow, 1870. Z. ges . NatWiss., 35: 465. Docophorus bubonis Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n. s.), 5: 219. Type host: Bybo virginianus (Gmelin) — Great Horned Owl. Head wider than S. aautifrons Emerson, 1961, with wide, stout dorsal anterior plate, pointed posteriorally . Temporal lobe with 2 setae. Abdominal chaetotaxy is less dense in S. ooulatus than in S. aautifvons . Male genital plate triangular-shaped with the widest por- tion anterior. The male genitalia are similar but smaller in S. cursor. Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 1 slide Bubo virginianus Wenham, Mass. X-9-1938 USNM 1 slide " " " " X-9-1938 BMS Strigiphilus otus Emerson, 1955b Strigiphilus otus Emerson, 1955b. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 57: 241, figs. 1-2. Type host: Otus asio (Linnaeus) — Screech Owl. Dorsal anterior plate with anterior margin indented and sharply pointed posteriorly. Hyaline margin wide. Prominent dorsal antennal sutures mid-way between antennae and the hyaline margin, each exten- ding inward 1/3 width of head. Temples convexly rounded, each with 2 long setae; posterior margin of head bare. Prothorax with 1 long seta on each posterolateral angle. Pterothorax 1/3 as long as wide with 6 long median setae dorsally on the posterior margin, and 3 long setae on the posterolateral angles. Male and female approximately the same size. Emerson (1955b) records this species from Arizona, Texas, New York, Maryland, Oregon, and British Columbia. Strigiphilus varius Carriker, 1958 Strigiphilus varius Carriker, 1958. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 60: 169, figs. 3-4. Type host: Strix varia Barton — Barred Owl. Head longer than wide with premarginal carinae submarginal pos- terior to the clypeal suture; lateral margins of head, anterior to the antennae are undulating. Prothorax wider than long with a long seta in each posterolateral angle; pterothorax with 8 long setae centrally on the dorsal posterior margin. Abdomen with narrow pleurites. 158 Carriker (1958) reports this species from Indiana. Measurements: Stin.giphilus vavius Carriker, 1958 d Head Length Head Width Prothorax Width Pterothorax Width Abdomen Length Abdomen Width Total Length Specimens Host 1 slide 1 slide 1 slide 9, ^ .50 .55 .45 .49 .28 .30 .45 .46 .89 1.23 .60 .70 1.71 1.78 Locality Date Collector Torrington, C onn. III-17-1937 P.Wallace Maine V-1-1895 F.B.Webster (USNM) Acadia Nat ' 1 Park, Me. XI-21-1935 A.E.B. Trenton, Me ! , XI-15-1934 A.E.B. Durham, NH 11-21-1966 G.Byers Northwood, NH X-11-1965 A.H.Mason STURNIDOECUS Stumidoecus Eichler, 1944. Stettin. Ent. Ztg., 105: 81. Type species: Dooophorus leontodon Nltzsch, 1818 (A synonym of Pediaulus stumi Schrank, 1776) . Philopteridae with rather elongate, bluntly triangular head; clypeus rather narrow, truncate or slightly concave; clypeal signature distinct, broadly emarginate anteriorly, truncate posteriorly. Eyes protruding, with a short seta. Temporal lobes rounded, with a long seta at each posterolateral angle and 2 or 3 small setae along the dorsal margin between the temporal angle and eye. Posterior edge of occiput nearly straight, with no setae; occipital carinae distinct; antennae similar in the 2 sexes, 2nd segment the longest, 1st and 5th of about equal length. Prothorax rectangular with a long setae near each posterolateral angle; pterothorax nearly as wide as head; sides divergent posteriorly. Abdomen elongate-oval in outline; abdomen of female more elongate than in male. Last abdominal segment of male slightly bilobed and abdominal setae sparse or absent. Male genitalia with broad basal plate; parameres club-shaped basally, narrowing in mid-portion with tips expanded and curving inward. Stumidoecus simplex (Kellogg, 1896) Nirmus simplex Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 492, pi. 67, fig. 2. Philopterus migratorii Peters, 1935. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 37: 146, figs. 1-2. Type host: Turdus migratorius Linnaeus — Robin. 159 Superficially like Philopterus , but the presence of an emarginate dorsal anterior plate places this mallophagan in the genus Stumidoecus . Peters (1935) reports this species from Ohio, Delaware, Massachusetts, Florida, North Carolina and Virginia. Peters (1936), in addition to the above localities, reports this species from South Carolina. Measurements ; Stumidoecus simplex (Kellogg, 1896) (from Peters, 1935) Head Length .48 .51 Head Width .45 .49 Thorax Length .26 .30 Thorax Width .41 .44 Abdomen Length I .75 .99 Abdomen Width .64 .68 Total Length 1.49 1.80 Specimens Host Locality Date Collector 4 9 , 1 cf Turdus migratorius Bar Harbor, Me. VI- -1-1938 A.E.B. 1 slide It Groton, Mass. VI- -9-1938 A.P.Wharton (USNM) 19 II Durham, NH IV- -19-1948 E.O.Hooghkirk 119 , 2d II Plaistow, NH IV- -23-1965 J.E.K. Stumidoecus stumi (Schrank, 1776) Pediculus stumi Schrank, 1776. figs. 11-14. Philopterus leotondon Nitzsch, 1818 (nn for P. stumi Schrank, 1776) . Docophorus ostralegi Denny, 1842. Mon pi. 5, fig. 4. Type host: Stumus vulgaris Linnaeus — Starling 118, pi. 5, Beytr. Naturgesch. Germar's Mag. Ent . . Anopl. Brit.: 42 and 74, 290 I have examined 59 Starlings from various localities in New England without finding this species of Mallophaga. I have no information concerning S. sturmi and could find no records of its occurrence in New England. It appears to be uncommon on the Starling. 160 PERCENTAGE INFESTATION OF NEW ENGLAND BIRDS BY MALLOPHAGA INDIVIDUALS INDIVIDUALS PERCENTAGE ORDER EXAMINED PARASITIZED INFESTATION GAVIIFORMES 4 1 25.0 PODICIPEDI FORMES A 1 25.0 PROCELLARIIFORMES 7 6 85.7 PELECANI FORMES 6 6 100.0 CICONIIFORMES 10 3 30.0 ANSERIFORMES 120 84 70.0 FALCON I FORMES 40 31 77.5 GALLI FORMES 35 19 54.2 GRUI FORMES 7 3 42.8 CHARADRI I FORMES 176 109 61.9 COLUMB I FORMES 20 12 60.0 CUCULI FORMES 5 3 60.0 STRIGIFORMES 41 34 82.9 CAPRIMULGIFORMES 2 0 00.0 APODIFORMES 13 7 53.8 CORACIIFORMES 3 2 66.6 PICIFORMES 24 12 50.0 PASSERIFORMES 585 220 37.6 TOTALS 1,102 553 50.1 This percentage infestation agrees quite closely with the results obtained by Geist (1935) who, over a 5 year period, collected 1,025 birds, 470 were infested with Mallophaga giving a percentage infes- tation of 46.0. HOST-MALLOPHAGA INDEX OF GENERA FOUND IN NEW ENGLAND Genus GAVIIFORMES C'/'aspedonirmus (Found only on this order) PODICIPEDIFORMES Genus Aquanirmus (Found only on this order) . Genus Laemobothrion Genus Pseudomenopon PELECANI FORMES Genus Eidmaniella (Found only on this order) . Genus Peotinopygus (Found only on this order) . Genus Piagetiella (Found only on this order in the throat pouch) CICONIIFORMES Genus Avdeiaola (Found only on this order and rarely collected) . Genus Ciconiphilus 161 ANSERIFORMES Genus Acidoproctus (Found only on this order and rarely collected) Genus Anatvcota (Found only on this order) . Genus Anatoecus (Found only on this order) . Genus Ciaoniphilus Genus Holomenopon (Found only on this order) . Genus Omithobius (Found only on swans, geese, and brants). Genus Trinoton (Found only on this order) . FALCONI FORMES Genus Colpocephatum Genus Craspedorvhynchus (Only on the family Accipiteridae) . Genus Cuculiphilus Genus Degeeviella (Found only on this order) . Genus FalcoZtpeuvus (Found only on this order) . Genus Kurodaia Genus Laemohothrion GALLIFORMES Genus Amyrsidea (Found only on this order) . Genus Chelopistes (Found only on the turkey in New England) • Genus Cualotogaster (Found only on the chicken in New England) . Genus Gonioootes (Found only on this order) . Genus Goniodes (Found only on this order) . Genus Lagopoeous (Found only on this order) . Genus Lipeurus (Found only on this order) . Genus Menaaanthus Genus Menopon (Found only on the chicken in New England) . Genus Oxy lipeurus (Found only on this order) . GRUIFORMES Genus Fulicoffula (Found only on this order) . Genus Inaidifrons (Found only on this order) . Genus Laemobothrion Genus Pseudomenopon Genus RaZZicota (Found only on this order) . CHARADRIIFORMES Genus Aatomithophilus (Found only on this order). Genus Austromenopon Genus Carduiceps (Found only on the family Scolopacidae) . Genus CummingsieZZa (Found only on the family Scolopacidae) . Genus Lunaceps (Found only on this order) . Genus Quadraaeps Genus Ehynonirmus (Found only on the family Scolopacidae). Genus Rotundiceps (Found only on the Marbled Godwit) . Genus Saemundssonia COLUMB I FORMES Genus BonomieZZa (Found only on this order and very rare) . Genus CampanuZotes (Found only on this order) . Genus ColpocephaZum Genus CoZwribiooZa (Found only on this order) . Genus HohorstieZZa (Found only on this order and uncommon). Genus PhysaoneZZoides (Found only on this order) . 162 CAP RIMULGI FORMES Genus Mulaticola (Found only on the family Caprimulgidae) . CUCULIFORMES Genus CucutiaoZa (Found only on this order) . Genus Cuouliphilus Genus Cuoutoeaus (Found only on this order) . STRIGIFORMES Genus Colpocephalum Genus Kurodaia Genus Strigiphilus (Found only on this order). APODIFORMES Genus Dennyus (Found only on the family Apodidae) . Genus Euvewn (Found only on the family Apodidae and very rare) Genus Trochiloecetes (Found only on the family Trochilidae) . Genus Quadraoeps CORACI I FORMES PICIFORMES Genus Bvuelia Genus Menaaanthus Genus Penenivmus Genus Piaicola PASSERIFORMES Genus Bruelva Genus Colpocephalum (Found only on the family Corvidae) . Genus Maahaevilaemus (Found only on this order and uncommon) Genus Menaaanthus Genus Myrsidea (Found only on this order) . Genus Penenivmus Genus Philopterus (Found only on this order in New England) . Genus Piaicola Genus Riainus (Found only on this order in New England) . Genus Stuvnidoeaus (Found only on this order) . 163 BIBLIOGRAPHY American Ornithologist's Union. 1957. Check-list of North American birds. 5th ed. American Ornithologist's Union, Ithaca, N. Y. 691 p. Ansari, M. A. R. 1947. Mallophaga (Ischnocera) infesting birds in the Punjab (India). Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 13: 253-303. 1951. Mallophaga (Amblycera) infesting birds in the Punjab (India). Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 17: 127-204. 1955. Some Amblycera in the Zoological Survey De- partment Karachi. Proc. VII Pakistan Sci. 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