A Stereo -Atlas of Ostracod Shells edited by R. H. Bate, D. J. Horne, J. W. Neale, and David J. Siveter 4LflF iff , v\ Volume 14, Part 2; 30th November, 1987 ■w .i, Published by the British Micropalaeontological Society, London Editors Dr R.H. Bate, SSI (UK) Ltd., Tannery House, Tannery Lane, Send, Woking, Surrey GU23 7EF. Dr D. J. Horne, Department of Geology, City of London Polytechnic. Walburgh House, Bigland Street, London El 2NG. Prof. J.W. Neale, Department of Geology, The University, Hull HU6 7RH. Dr David J. Siveter, Department of Geology, The University, Leicester LEI 7RH. Editorial Board Dr G. Bonaduce, Stazione Zoologica, 80121 Napoli, Italy. Dr J.-P. Colin, Esso Production Research - European, 213 Cours Victor Hugo, 33321 Begles, France. Dr P. De Deckker, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, PO Box 4, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia. Dr D. van Harten, Universiteit van Amsterdam. Geologisch Instituut, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Dr I. Purper, Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, UFRGS, 90 000 Porto Alegre RS, Brazil. Dr R.E.L. Schallreuter, Universitat Hamburg, Geologisch- Palaontologisches Institut, Bundesstrasse 55, D 2000 Hamburg 13, West Germany. Dr Zhao Yuhong, Nanjing Institute of Geology & Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, Chi-Ming-Ssu, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China. Officers of the British Micropalaeontological Society Chairman Dr A.C. Higgins, BP Research Centre, Chertsey Road, Sunbury-on-Thames, Middlesex TW16 7LN. Secretary Dr P.P.E. Weaver, Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Brook Road, Wormley, Godaiming, Surrey GU8 5UB. Tel: 0428-79 4141. Treasurer Dr J.E. Whittaker, Department of Palaeontology, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD. Tel: 01-589 6323. Journal Editor Dr. L.M. Sheppard, SSI (U.K.) Limited, Chancellor Court, 20 Priestly Road, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5YL. Tel: (0483) 506605. Newsletter Editor Dr R.L. Austin, Department of Geology, University of Southampton, Southampton S09 5NH. Tel: (0703) 559122/557941 Conodont Group Chairman Dr R.J. Aldridge, Department of Geology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD. Secretary Dr P.M. Smith, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ. Tel: (0223) 355463 (or 276121). Foraminifera Group Chairman Dr P. Copestake, Britoil, 150 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow G2 5LJ. Secretary Dr D.J. Shipp, Robertson Research Int. Limited, Ty’n-y-Coed, Llanrhos, Llandudno LL30 *1SA. Tel: (0492) 81811. Microplankton Group Chairman Dr G.L. Eaton, BP Research Centre, Chertsey Road, Sunbury-on- Thames, Middlesex TW16 7LN. Secretary Dr A.J. Powell, BP Research Centre, Chertsey Road, Sunbury-on-Thames, Middlesex TW16 7LN. Tel: (09327) 62818. Ostracod Group Chairman Dr D.J. Horne, Geology Department, City of London Polytechnic, Walburgh House, Bigland Street, London El 2NG. Secretary Dr C. Maybury, Department of Geology, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed SY23 3DB. Tel: (0970) 3111. Palynology Group Chairman Dr M.C. Boulter, N.E. London Polytechnic, Romford Road, London E15 4LZ. Secretary Dr J.E. A. Marshall, Department of Geology, The University, Southampton S09 5NH. Tel: (0703) 559122. Calcareous Nannofossil Group Chairman Mr M. Jakubowski, Robertson Research Int. Limited, Ty’n-y-Coed, Llanrhos, Llandudno, Gwynedd LL30 ISA. Secretary Dr J. Crux, BP Research Centre, Chertsey Road, Sunbury on Thames, Middlesex TW16 7LN. Tel: (09327) 63062. Instructions to Authors Contributions illustrated by scanning electron micrographs of Ostracoda in stereo-pairs are invited. Format should follow the style set by the majority of papers in this issue. Descriptive matter apart from illustrations should be cut to a minimum; preferably each plate should be accompanied by one page of text only. Blanks to aid in mounting figures for plates may be obtained from any one of the Editors or Editorial Board. Completed papers should be sent to Dr David J. Siveter. Financial support from The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. for the publication of this issue is gratefully acknowledged. The front cover shows a left valve of Neolimnocy there hexaceros Delachaux, 1928, from Quaternary Deposits at Lago Junin, Peru. Photograph by Dr P. De Deckker, University of Monash, Victoria, Australia. Printed in the UK by BPCC Northern Printers Ltd., Stanley Road, Blackpool FY1 4QN A Stereo -Atlas of Ostracod Shells edited by R. H. Bate, D. J. Horne, J. W. Neale, and David J. Siveter Volume 14, 1987 Part 1 (pp.1-72); 30th May, 1987 Part 2 (pp. 73-151); 30th November, 1987 Published by the British Micropalaeontological Society, London Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14 ii Contents Contents 1 On Cathaycythere reticulata Whatley & Zhao gen. et sp. nov.; by R. C. Whatley & Zhao Quanhong 1 2 On Sinocythere sinensis Hou; by R. C. Whatley & Zhao Quanhong 5 3 On Albileberis sinensis Hou; by Zhao Quanhong & R. C. Whatley 9 4 On Sinocytheridea impressa (Brady); by Zhao Quanhong & R. C. Whatley 13 5 On Pterygocythereis vannieuwenhuisei Brouwers sp. nov.; by E. M. Brouwers 17 6 On Muellerina hazeli Coles & Cronin sp. nov.; by G. P. Coles & T. M. Cronin 21 7 On Healdianellal aremorica Crasquin sp. nov.; by S. Crasquin 25 8 On Maghrebeis tuberculata Majoran gen. et sp. nov.; by S. Majoran 29 9 On Howeina camptocytheroidea Hanai; by N. Ikeya & E. Compton-Gooding 33 10 On Spinoleberis eximia (Bosquet); by J. F. Babinot & J. P. Colin 37 11 On Kovalev skiella caudata (Lutz); by P. Carbonel, J. P. Colin & L. Londeix 41 12 On Calocaria maurae Vannier gen. et sp. nov.; by J. Vannier 45 13 On Spinohippula esurialis Vannier, Kriita & Marek gen. et sp. nov.; by J. Vannier, M. Kriita & L. Marek 49 14 On Beyrichia (Sagenabeyrichia) siveteri Pollicott subgen. et sp. nov.; by P. D. Pollicott 57 15 On Bythocythere intermedia Elofson; by D. J. Horne 65 16 On Bythocythere zetlandica Athersuch, Horne & Whittaker; by D. J. Horne 69 17 On Kuiperiana robusta Whatley & Maybury sp. nov.; by R. C. Whatley & C. Maybury 73 18 On Loxocauda subquadrata Maybury & Whatley sp. nov.; by C. Maybury & R. C. Whatley 19 On Sagmatocythere minuta Maybury & Whatley sp. nov.; by C. Maybury & R. C. Whatley 81 20 On Sagmatocythere alaefortis alaefortis Whatley & Maybury sp. nov.; by R. C. Whatley & C. Maybury 85 21 On Sagmatocythere alaefortis gallica Whatley & Maybury subsp. nov.; by R. C. Whatley & C. Maybury 89 22 On Sagmatocythere wyatti Maybury & Whatley sp. nov. ; by C. Maybury & R. C. Whatley 93 23 On Carinocythereis carinata (Roemer); by J. Athersuch & J. E. Whittaker 97 24 On Carinocythereis whitei (Baird); by J. Athersuch & J. E. Whittaker 103 25 On Abrotocythere quinquicornis Zhao gen. et sp. nov.; by Zhao Yuhong 111 26 On Abrotocythere ovata Zhao sp. nov.; by Zhao Yuhong 115 27 On Leucocythere weiningensis Zhao sp. nov.; by Zhao Yuhong 119 28 On Leucocythere plena Zhao sp. nov.; by Zhao Yuhong 123 29 On Limnocythere xinanensis Zhao sp. nov.; by Zhao Yuhong 127 30 On Metacypris aphthosa Zhao sp. nov.; by Zhao Yuhong 131 31 On Beninea ibecetenensis Apostolescu gen. et sp. nov.; by V. Apostolescu 135 32 On Glyptolichvinella spiralis (Jones & Kirkby); by R. F. Lundin 139 33 On Glyptolichvinella ovicella Lundin & Visintainer sp. nov.; by R. F. Lundin & L. M. Visintainer 143 34 Index for Volume 14, 1987 149 Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14 ( 17) 73-76 (1987) Kuiperiana robusta (1 of 4) 595.337.14 (118.22) (420 : 162.006.50) : 551.351 + 552.52 ON KUIPERIANA ROBUSTA WHATLEY & MAYBURY sp. nov. by Robin Whatley & Caroline Maybury (University College of Wales, Aberystwyth) Kuiperiana robusta sp. nov. Holotype: Type locality: Derivation of name: Figured specimens: British Museum (Nat. Hist.) no. OS 12976, 9 LV. [Paratypes: British Museum (Nat. Hist.) nos. OS 12977, OS 12978]. Blue Clay, sample no. 29, NW corner of Vicarage Pit, St. Erth, Cornwall, England (Nat. Grid Ref. SW 556352); Upper Pliocene. Latin, from the robust nature of the valves. British Museum (Nat. Hist.) nos. OS 12976 (holotype, 9 LV: PI. 14, 74, fig. 1; PI. 14, 76, fig. 2), OS 12977 (paratype, $ RV: PI 14, 74, fig. 2; PI. 14, 76, figs. 1, 3, 4), OS 12978 (paratype, cf LV: PI. 14, 74, fig. 3). All from the type locality and horizon. Explanation of Plate 14, 74 Fig. 1, 9 LV, ext. lat. (holotype, OS 12976, 550ju.ni long); fig. 2, 9 RV, ext. lat. (paratype, OS 12977, 560 /urn long); fig. 3, 0" LV, ext. lat. (paratype, OS 12978, 550jum long). Scale A (100/um; X 104), figs. 1-3. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 75 Kuiperiana robusta (3 of 4) Diagnosis: Medium-sized, strongly dimorphic with circular to subcircular, regularly disposed punctae medianly and reticulae peripherally. Dorsomedianly with 3 short, inclined sulcate depressions. Posterior marginal rim narrow and alar process bluntly rounded. Eye tubercle inconspicuous. Inner lamella moderately wide, undulose posteroventrally with a wide ventral flange and selvage and list developed. Hinge gongylodont with a long, thin, smooth groove/bar medianly; the posterior terminal element of the right valve is a curved tooth with a frill-like dorsal surface. Remarks: This species differs from the type-species, K. wanneri wanneri (Kuiper, 1918) ( W. N. Kuiper, Oligocdne und Miocdne Ostracoden aus den Niederlanden, publ. PhD thesis, Groningen, 26-27 , pi. 1, figs. 8a-c, 1918 and M.A.A. Bassiouni, Roemeriana, 3, 62-66, pi. 8, figs. 1-3, 1962) in that its reticulae are less regularly ordered ventrally, its eye tubercle is difficult to distinguish from ornament (whereas it is well defined in K. wanneri wanneri) and it possesses an alar process. ( K . wanneri wanneri is inflated ventrally, but lacks a clearly defined alar protuberance). Both species possess punctate and reticulate ornament and have elongate, subrectangular lateral outlines. The ratio of adult to juvenile specimens of K. robusta in the authors’ material is low (1:43), with only 5 adult specimens recovered. Distribution: Upper Pliocene deposits of St. Erth, England (sample nos. 1-4, 7, 11, 16, 18, 22-23, 25-29) and Upper Pliocene (Redonian) deposits of Apigne (Borehole II, Le Temple du Cerisier), Le Bosq d'Aubigny and Saint-Jean-la-Poterie (sample no. 1549.15); NW France. See C. Maybury ( Taxonomy , Palaeoecology and Biostratigraphy of Pliocene Benthonic Ostracoda from St. Erth and NW France, unpubl. PhD thesis, Univ. Wales, 1, 3-29, 1985) and J. -P. Margerel ( Les Foraminiferes du Redonien. Systematique, Repartition stratigraphique, Paleoecologie, Nantes, 1, 8-26, 1968) for geographical, stratigraphical and sample details. Explanation of Plate 14, 76 Figs. 1, 3, 4, 9 RV (paratype, OS 12977, 560/xm long): fig. 1, int. lat.; fig. 3, ant. hinge element; fig. 4, post, hinge element; fig. 2, 9 LV, int. lat. (holotype, OS 12976, 550/um long). j Scale A (lOOjum; x 104), figs. 1, 2; scale B (40/u.m; x 330), figs. 3, 4. Kuiperiana robusta (2 of 4) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 76 Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 74 Kuiperiana robusta (4 of 4) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14 (18) 77-80 (1987) Loxocauda subquadrata (1 of 4) 595.337.14 (118.22) (420:162.006.50) : 551.351 + 552.52 ON LOXOCAUDA SUBQUADRATA MAYBURY & WHATLEY sp. nov. by Caroline Maybury & Robin Whatley (University College of Wales, Aberystwyth) Loxocauda subquadrata sp. nov. Holotype: Type locality: Derivation of name: Figured specimens: British Museum (Nat. Hist.) no OS 12906, $ LV. [Paratypes: British Museum (Nat. Hist.) nos. OS 12907-OS 12909], Blue Clay, sample no. 16, Vicarage Pit, St. Erth, Cornwall, England (Nat. Grid Ref. SW 556352); Upper Pliocene. Latin, from the outline of the valves in lateral view. British Museum (Nat. Hist.) nos. OS 12906 (holotype, 9 LV: PI. 14, 78, fig. 1), OS 12907 (paratype, $ RV: PI. 14, 78, fig. 2), OS 12908 (paratype, cf LV: PI. 14, 78, fig. 3; PI. 14. 80. figs. 2-4), OS 12909 (paratype, cf RV: PI. 14, 80, fig. 1). All from the type locality: specimen OS 12907 is from Mottled Clean Clay (sample no. 2); specimen OS 12908 is from a mixed sample (no. 7) and specimen OS 12909 is from the same sample as the holotype. See C. Maybury, Taxonomy, Palaeoecology and Biostratigraphy of Pliocene Benthonic Ostracoda from St. Erth and NW France , unpub. PhD thesis, Univ. Wales, 1. 3-6, 1985 for sample details. Explanation of Plate 14, 78 Fig. 1, $ LV, ext. lat. (holotype, OS 12906, 380 /u.m long); fig. 2, 9 RV, ext. lat. (paratype. OS 12907. 390 urn long): fig. 3, cf LV, ext. lat. (paratype, OS 12908, 430/u.m long). Scale A (lOOptm; xl60), figs. 1-3. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 79 Loxocauda subquadrata (3 of 4) Diagnosis: Remarks: Distribution : A very small to small, subquadrate species of Loxocauda characterised by a lateral surface with 4 obliquely disposed ridges posterodorsally and traces of a reticulum anteromedianly and anteroventrally ; remainder smooth. Free marginal areas strongly compressed with a prominent, curved, sub-alar process posteriorly and posteroventrally. Hinge unusual: comprising in the left valve, a smooth bar with its anterior and posterior ends enclosed by narrow, horizontal, “u”-shaped sockets themselves bounded by “u”-shaped ridges. Muscle scars comprising four contiguous adductors, a “v”-shaped frontal and two subcircular mandibular scars. The genus Loxocauda is known only from three previously described species: the type-species, L. muelleri Schornikov, 1969 (in: F. D. Mordukhai-Boltovskoi, (Ed.) Identification Key to the Fauna of the Black and Azov Seas, 2, 201, pi. 28, fig. 1, Kiev, 1969), L. fragilis (Sars, 1866) (G. O. Sars. Forh. Vidensk Selsk. Krist., 1865, 65-66, 1866 and An account of the Crustacea of Norway, 9, Ostracoda , pts. 13, 14, 222, pi. 102, fig. 3, 1926) and L. decipiens (G. W. Muller, 1894) (G. W. Muller, Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 21, 347-348, pi. 27, figs. 10-14, 24, pi. 29, figs. 2, 9, 1894). All these species differ from the new species in that they lack the traces of a reticulum and the sub-alar process which are characteristic of L. subquadrata. The present species (and all known Loxocauda species) resemble Pseudocythere Sars in shape and outline. The two genera differ, however, in their musculature, hingement and appendages. The species is known only from the Upper Pliocene deposits of St. Erth. Cornwall, England (samples nos. 1-4, 7, 16, 21, 23, 25-28, C. Maybury, op. cit.). Explanation of Plate 14, 80 Fig. 1, cf RV, ext. lat. (paratype, OS 12909, 400 /xm long); figs. 2-4, cf LV, (paratype, OS 12908, 430 /am long): fig. 2, int. lat.; fig. 3. ant. hinge element; fig. 4, post, hinge element. Scale A (100/^.m; x 160), figs. 1, 2; scale B (40/u.m; x400), figs. 3, 4. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 78 Loxocauda subquadrata (2 of 4) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 80 Loxocauda subquadrata (4 of 4) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14 (19) 81-84 (1987) Sagmatocythere minuta (1 of 4) 595.337.14 (118.22) (420 : 162.006.50) : 551.351 + 552.52 ON SAGMATOCYTHERE MINUTA MAYBURY & WHATLEY sp. nov by Caroline Maybury & Robin Whatley (University College of Wales, Aberystwyth) Holotype: Sagmatocythere minuta sp. nov. British Museum (Nat. Hist.) no. OS 12849, 9 LV. [Paratypes: British Museum (Nat. Hist.) nos. OS 12850 - OS 12853], Type locality: Mixed sample, sample no. 7, Vicarage Pit. St. Erth, Cornwall, England (Nat. Grid Ref. SW 556352); Upper Pliocene. Derivation of name: Figured specimens: Latin, referring to the very small size of the species. British Museum (Nat. Hist.) nos. OS 12849 (holotype, 9 LV: PI. 14, 82, fig. 1), OS 12850 (paratype, 9 RV: PI. 14, 82, fig. 2), OS 12852 (paratype, C? RV: PL 14, 82, fig. 3), OS 12851 (paratype, cf LV: PI. 14, 84, fig. 1), OS 12853 (paratype, 9 RV: PI. 14, 84, fig. 2), OS 12854 (paratype, cf LV: PI. 14, 84, fig. 3). Specimens OS 12850 and OS 128854 from the same sample as the holotype; the remaining paratypes from Brown Clay (sample no. 28) at the type locality. See C. Maybury, Taxonomy, Palaeoecology and Biostratigraphy of Pliocene Benthonic Ostracoda from St. Erth and NW France, unpub. PhD thesis, Univ. Wales, 1, 3-6, 1985 for sample details. Explanation of Plate 14, 82 Fig. 1, $ LV, ext. lat. (holotype, OS 12849, 370/am long); fig. 2, 9 RV, ext. lat. (paratype, OS 12850, 370/am long); fig. 3, O' RV. ext. lat. (paratype, OS 12852, 380/am long). Scale A (100/am; x 161), figs. 1-3. Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 83 Sagmatocythere minuta (3 of 4) Diagnosis: A very small, strongly dimorphic, alate species of Sagmatocythere with a complex ornament of nodes and reticulae. In females there are two anterodorsal nodes, in males only one; their position is reflected internally by shallow circular to subcircular depressions. The anterior of the two anterodorsal nodes in the female and the anterodorsal node of the male is situated below the eye tubercle and is connected to it by a smooth rib. Posterodorsal node well defined and bearing a prominent, inverted u-shaped dorsal loop. Selvage well developed and blade-like mid-ventrally. Remarks: This species, Sagmatocythere alaefortis alaefortis Whatley & Maybury ( Stereo-Atlas Ostracod Shells, 14, 85-88, 1987) and 5. alaefortis gallica Whatley & Maybury ( Stereo-Atlas Ostracod Shells, 14, 89-92, 1987) form a distinct group of Sagmatocythere whose noded and irregularly reticulate ornament distinguishes them from the “ napoliana ” and “ multifora ” groups. The “ napoliana " group comprises S. napoliana (Puri, 1963) (see J. Athersuch, Stereo-Atlas Ostracod Shells, 3, 117-124, 1976), S. cristatissima (Ruggieri, 1967) ( Riv . ital. Paleont. Stratigr., 73, 374-376, figs. 37-38) and S. wyatti Maybury & Whatley, 1987 ( Stereo-Atlas Ostracod Shells, 14, 93-96). These strongly reticulate species all possess muri which are narrow and almost “blade-like”. The “ multifora ” group comprises S. multifora (Norman, 1865) (In: G. S. Brady, Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumberland and Durham, 1, 18-19, pi. 6, figs. 13-16), S. littoralis (G. W. Muller, 1894) (Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel 21, 346, pi. 27, fig. 9, pi. 29, figs. 1, 7), S. paracercinata Whatley & Maybury, 1984 (Stereo-Atlas Ostracod Shells, 11, 21-24) and S. pseudomultifora Maybury & Whatley, 1984 (Stereo-Atlas Ostracod Shells, 11, 25-28). Species of this group are alate and possess regular reticulate ornament. The small size of the adults of S. minuta make it the smallest Distribution: Sagmatocythere yet recorded. The species has been recovered from the Upper Pliocene deposits of St. Erth, Cornwall, England (sample nos 1-4, 7, 16, 18, 23, 25-28) and the Upper Pliocene (Redonian) deposits of Apigne (Le Temple du Cerisier), NW France. (See C. Maybury, op. cit., for sample details). Explanation of Plate 14, 84 Fig. 1, O’ LV, ext. lat. (paratype, OS 12851, 380/am long); fig. 2, 9 RV, int . lat. (paratype, OS 12853, 370/am long); fig. 3, 0" LV, int lat. (paratype, OS 12854, 380/am long). Scale A (100/am; x 161), figs. 1-3. Sagmatocythere minuta (2 of 4) Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 82 Sagmatocythere minuta (4 of 4) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 84 Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14 (20) 85-88 ( 1987) Sagmatocythere alaefortis alaefortis (1 of 4) 595.337.14 (118.22) (420 : 162.006.50) : 551.351 + 552.52 ON SAGMATOCYTHERE ALAEFORTIS ALAEFORTIS WHATLEY & MAYBURY sp. & subsp. nov. by Robin Whatley & Caroline Maybury ( University College of Wales, Aberystwyth) Sagmatocythere alaefortis alaeforti sp. & subsp. nov. Holotype: Type locality: Derivation of name: Figured specimens: British Museum (Nat. Hist.) no. OS 12843, $ LV. [Paratypes: British Museum (Nat. Hist.) nos. OS 12844-OS 12848], Brown Clay, sample no. 28, Vicarage Pit, St. Erth, Cornwall, England (Nat. Grid Ref. SW 556352); Upper Pliocene. Latin, from the strongly developed alae of this species. British Museum (Nat. Hist.) nos. OS 12843 (holotype, 9 LV: PI. 14, 86, fig. 1), OS 12844 (paratype, 9 RV: PI. 14, 86, fig. 2), OS 12845 (paratype, cf LV: PI. 14, 86, fig. 3), OS 12846 (paratype, cf RV: PI. 14, 88, fig. 1), OS 12847 (paratype, 9 RV: PI. 14, 88, fig. 2), OS 12848 (paratype, cf LV: PI. 14, 88, fig. 3). Specimens OS 12845, OS 12846 and OS 12848 are from the same sample as the holotype. Specimen OS 12844 is from a bulk sample (sample no. 1) and specimen OS 12847 from a mixed sample; both are from the type locality and horizon. See C. Maybury, Taxonomy, Palaeoecology and Biostratigraphy of Pliocene Benthonic Ostracoda from St. Erth and NW France, unpub. PhD thesis, Univ. Wales, 1, 3-6, 1985 for sample details. Explanation of Plate 14, 86 Fig. 1, 9 LV, ext. lat. (holotype, OS 12843, 450/u.m long); fig. 2, 9 RV, ext. lat. (paratype, OS 12844, 460 /u,m long); fig. 3, cf LV, ext. lat. (paratype, OS 12845, 500/xm long). Scale A (100/u.m; x 125), figs. 1-3. Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 87 Sagmatocythere alaefortis alaefortis (3 of 4) Diagnosis: Remarks: Distribution : A medium, subrectangular subspecies of Sagmatocythere with a straight dorsal margin and strongly developed alae. Anterior and posterior marginal areas flattened and with ornament less well developed. Reticulate mid-dorsally and dorsomedianly. Ribs massive and angular in the alar region of the valve with two deep depressions midventrally. Eye tubercle irregular in outline and connected with a subrounded, anterodorsal node. Thickened ribs in the posterodorsal area of the female and male left valve assume a more noded character in the male right valve. The posterodorsal protuberance/node and irregularly reticulate ornament of this species is similar to that of certain species of Loxocorniculum Benson & Coleman, 1963 ( Paleont . Contr. Univ. Kansas., no. 31, 38) such as the type-species, L. fischeri (Brady, 1869) (In: L. De Folin & L. Perier (eds.), Les Fonds de la Mer, 1(1), 154, pi. 18, figs. 15—16, 1869). The present authors, however, differentiate the two genera on the basis of their hinge structure: species of Sagmatocythere possessing a gongylodont hinge with a smooth median element and species of Loxocorniculum a gongylodont hinge with a strongly denticulate median element. Upper Pliocene deposits of St. Erth, Cornwall, England (sample nos. 1-4, 7, 11, 21, 23, 25-29; see C. Maybury, op. cit., 1, 3-6 for sample details). Explanation of Plate 14, 88 Fig. 1, Cf RV, ext. lat. (paratype, OS 12846, 500 /u.m long); fig. 2, 9 RV, int . lat. (paratype, OS 12847, 450/i.m long); fig. 3, cf LV, muse. sc. (paratype, OS 12848, 500/u.m long). Scale A (100/u.m; X 125), figs. 1, 2; scale B (10/u.m; X700), fig. 3. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 86 Sagmatocythere alaefortis alaefortis (2 of 4) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 88 Sagmatocythere alaefortis alaefortis (4 of 4) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14 (21) 89-92 (1987) Sagmatocythere alaefortis gallica (1 of 4) 595.337.14 (118.22) (40 : 162.002.48) : 551.351 + 552.51 ON SAGMATOCYTHERE ALAEFORTIS GALLICA WHATLEY & MAYBURY subsp. nov. by Robin Whatley & Caroline Maybury (University College of Wales, Aberystwyth) Sagmatocythere alaefortis gallica subsp. nov. Holotype: Type locality: Derivation of name: Figured specimens: British Museum (Nat. Hist.) no. OS 12839, $ LV. [Paratypes: British Museum (Nat. Hist.) nos. OS 12840 - OS 12842], Shell-rich sand, Le Temple du Cerisier, SW of Rennes (approx, lat. 48° 07'N, long. 1° 41'W), NW France; Upper Pliocene, Redonian. Latin, referring to the fact that the subspecies has only been found in the Redonian deposits of France. British Museum (Nat. Hist.) nos. OS 12839 (holotype, 9 LV: PI. 14, 90, fig. 1), OS 12840 (paratype, 9 RV: PI. 14, 90, fig. 2), OS 12841 (paratype, cf LV: PI. 14, 90, fig. 3), OS 12842 (paratype, cf RV: PI. 14, 92, figs. 1-4). All from the type locality and horizon. Explanation of Plate 14, 90 Fig. 1, 9 LV, ext. lat. (holotype, OS 12839, 430/i.m long); fig. 2, 9 RV, ext. lat. (paratype, OS 12840, 440/aiti long); fig. 3. cf LV, ext. lat. (paratype, OS 12841, 480/Atn long). Scale A (100/Am; x 135), figs. 1-3. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 91 Sagmatocythere alaefortis gallica (3 of 4) Diagnosis: Remarks: Distribution: A small subspecies of Sagmatocythere characterised by a straight dorsal margin in female specimens and a slightly concave dorsal margin in males. The ornament is regularly reticulate with the majority of fossae circular to suboval in outline. Fossae of the alar region of the valve are comparatively large and have irregular, angular outlines. In the left valve there is a prominent, posterodorsal loop; this is less prominent in the right valve. Inner lamella broad with a conspicuous, blade-like selvage ventrally. Sagmatocythere alaefortis gallica differs from S. alaefortis alaefortis Whatley & Maybury ( Stereo-Atlas Ostracod Shells, 14, 85-88, 1987) in its smaller size and by having a greater portion of its lateral surface covered by a reticulum. The reticulum is also more regular in S. alaefortis gallica than in the nominate subspecies and the posterodorsal protuberance of S. alaefortis alaefortis is reduced to a posterodorsal loop in S. alaefortis gallica. The distinctive, blade-like selvage of S. alaefortis gallica also serves to distinguish it from S. alaefortis alaefortis. This subspecies occurs in the Redonian (Upper Pliocene) deposits of Apigne (Le Temple du Cerisier) and of Falleron (approx, lat. 46° 60'N; long. 1° 41'W). It has also been recovered in a mixed sample from NW France, also of Redonian age. See J. -P. Margerel, Les Foraminiferes du Redonian. Systematique, Repartition stratigraphique, Paleoecologie, Nantes, 1, 8-26, 1968 for geographical, stratigraphical and sample details. Explanation of Plate 14, 92 Fig. 1-4, cf RV (paratype, OS 12842, 460/Am long): fig. 1, ext. lat; fig. 2, int. lat.; fig. 3, ant. hinge element; fig. 4, post, hinge element. Scale A (100/Am; x 135), figs. 1, 2; scale B (40/Am; x 265), figs. 3, 4. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 90 Sagmatocythere alaefortis gallica (2 of 4) Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14 (22) 93-96 (1987) 595.337.14 (118.22) (420 : 162.006.50) : 551.351 + 552.52 Sagmatocythere wyatti (1 of 4) ON SAGMATOCYTHERE WYATTI MAYBURY & WHATLEY sp. nov. by Caroline Maybury & Robin Whatley (University College of Wales, Aberystwyth) Sagmatocythere wyatti sp. nov. Holotype: Type locality: Derivation of name: Figured specimens: British Museum (Nat. Hist.) no. OS 12861, 9 LV. [Paratypes: British Museum (Nat. Hist.) nos. OS 12862 - OS 12865). Mixed sample, sample no. 7, Vicarage Pit, St. Erth, Cornwall, England (Nat. Grid Ref. SW 556352); Upper Pliocene. Latin, in honour of Mr. Antony Wyatt in recognition of his work on ‘wobbling continents’. British Museum (Nat. Hist.) nos. OS 12861 (holotype, 9 LV: PI. 14, 94, fig. 1), OS 12862 (paratype, cf LV: PI. 14, 94, fig. 2), OS 12863 (paratype, cf RV: PI. 14. 94, fig. 3), OS 12864 (paratype, cf RV: PI. 14, 96, figs. 1, 3, 4), OS 12865 (paratype, juv. LV: PI. 14, 96, fig. 2). All specimens from the type locality; OS 12863 and OS 12865 are from the same sample as the holotype, but OS 12862 is from a sample of blue clay (no. 25) and OS 12864 from a mixed sample (no. 1). See C. Maybury, Taxonomy, Palaeoecology and Biostratigraphy of Pliocene Benthonic Ostracoda from St. Erth and NW France, unpub. PhD thesis, Univ. Wales, 1, 3-6, for sample details. Explanation of Plate 14, 94 Fig. 1, 9 LV, ext. lat. (holotype, OS 12861, 500/u.m long); fig. 2, cf LV, ext. lat. (paratype, OS 12862, 460 /am long); fig. 3, cf RV, ext. lat. (paratype, OS 12863, 470p.m long). Scale A (100/xm; x 127), figs. 1-3. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 95 Sagmatocythere wyatti (3 of 4) Diagnosis: Remarks: Distribution: A small to medium species of Sagmatocythere with an irregularly reticulate ornament of large fossae and narrow, blade-like muri. There are four obliquely disposed, subparallel muri posteriorly and a deeply excavated area posteroventrally. Eye tubercle small, smooth, tear-shaped and connecting with a narrow murus which extends anteroventrally, parallel to the anterior margin. This species and the type-species, Sagmatocythere napoliana (Puri, 1963) (see J. Athersuch, Stereo-Atlas Ostracod Shells 3, 117-124, 1976), a Miocene to Recent Mediterranean species, are similar in that certain units or ‘cells' of the reticulum can be traced in both species. There is, for example, a prominent, polygonal posterior unit and a deeply excavated posteroventral area. In addition, there are 5-7 conjunctive pore conuli anteriorly, the muri of both species are narrow and blade-like and the fossae comparatively large. The two species differ in lateral outline; S. napoliana is much more elongate than S. wyatti and, whereas the former species has a dorsal margin with a concavity or ‘saddle’, the dorsal margin of S. wyatti is straight and obliquely sloped. In addition to its occurrence in the Upper Pliocene deposits of St. Erth, Cornwall, England (sample nos. 1, 7, 10, 23, 25, 28-29; see C. Maybury, op. cit., for details), this species has been found in a Redonian (Upper Pliocene) sample of shell-rich sand from Le Temple du Cerisier, SW of Rennes (approx, lat. 48° 07'N, long. 1° 41'W), NW France (see, J. -P. Margerel, Les Foraminiferes du Redonien. Systematique, Repartition stratigraphique, Paleoecologie, Nantes, 1, 7-13, 1968 for further sample details). Explanation of Plate 14, 96 Figs. 1, 3, 4, cf RV (paratype, OS 12864, 460/i.m long): fig. 1, int. lat.; fig. 3, ant. hinge element; fig. 4, post, hinge element; fig. 2, juv. LV, muse. sc. (paratype, OS 12865, 410jum long). Scale A (lOO/im; x 127), fig. 1; scale B (10/u.m; x 740), fig. 2; scale C (40/um; x 330), figs. 3, 4. Sagmatocythere wyatti (2 of 4) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 94 Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 96 Sagmatocythere wyatti (4 of 4) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14 (23) 97-102 (1987) Carinocythereis carinata (1 of 6) 595.337.14 (118.22. +119.9) (45:161.009.45 + 261.268 : 162.004.50 + 411 : 162.002.61 + 411 : 162.006.55 + 496.1 : 161.026.38) : 551.351 ON CARINOCYTHEREIS CARINATA (ROEMER) by John Athersuch & John E. Whittaker (B.P. Research Centre, Sunbury and British Museum (Natural History), London) Genus CARINOCYTHEREIS Ruggieri, 1956 Type-species (by original designation): Cytherina carinata Roemer, 1838 Diagnosis: Quadrate trachyleberid with three subparallel ponticulate, sometimes discontinuous carinae; ventral carina strongest. Ventral margin carinate; anterior margin carinate and/or denticulate; posterior margin spinose or denticulate; area between carinae tuberculate or mammilate. Male RV dimorphic; posteroventral region of valve devoid of ventral carina and compressed. Eye tubercle prominent. Hinge amphidont or heterodont; anterior tooth of RV stepped; posterior tooth crenulate. Seta of second podomere of antennula long in both sexes; endopodite of antenna with three long setae; exopodite dimorphic, long and three-jointed in male, short and possibly only two-jointed in female. Remarks: Carinocythereis differs from Occlusacythere Ruggieri & Russo, 1980, in possessing ponticulate carinae. Expanation of Plate 14, 98 Fig. 1, $ car., ext. It. lat. (1984.180, 1050 gm long); fig. 2, 9 RV, ext. lat. (1984.181, 1020 /i.m long): fig. 3, cf RV, ext. lat. (1984.182, 1000/u.m long). Scale A (250/u.m; x60), figs. 1-3. Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 99 Carinocythereis carinata (3 of 6) Carinocythereis carinata (Roemer, 1838) 1838 Cytherina carinata sp. nov. F.A. Roemer, Neues Jb Miner. Geogn. Geol. Petrefakt., 1838, 518, pi. 6, fig. 28. 1850 Cythereis antiquata sp. nov. W. Baird, Natural History of British Entomostraca, Ray Soc., London, 176, pi. 20, fig. 2. 1868 Cythere antiquata (Baird); G. S. Brady, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 26, 417, pi. 30, figs. 17-20. 1960 Carinocythereis antiquata (Baird); F. E. Caraion, Revue Biol. Buc., 5, 123, figs. 4a, b. 1980 Carinocythereis carinata Roemer; G. Ruggieri & A. Russo, Boll. Soc. paleont. ital., 19, 30, pi. 2, fig. 8; text-fig. 2 (neotype). 1981 Carinocythereis antiquata (Baird); N. Doruk, Stereo-Atlas Ostracod Shells, 8, 63-70. Neotype: Designated by Ruggieri & Russo, op. cit. , a female RV ; housed in the Institute of Palaeontology, University of Modena, Italy, cat. no. 19252. (Refigured herein, PI. 14, 100, fig. 1). The original type material of C. carinata is missing (only label exists) from the Roemer Collection, Roemer Museum, Hildesheim, West Germany (Athersuch & Whittaker, 1986, Br. Micropalaeontologist , 29, 9). Type locality: Castellarquarto, Piacenza, N Italy (approx, lat 45°00'N, long. 9°40'E); Late Pliocene. Figured specimens: British Museum (Nat. Hi§t.) nos. 1984.180 (9 car.: PI. 14, 98, fig. 1; PI. 14, 100, fig. 3), 1984.181 (Cf RV: PI. 14, 98, fig. 2), 1984.182 (cf RV: PI. 14, 98, fig. 3). Io 5884 (cf LV: PI. 14, 100, fig. 2), 1984.212 (cf copulatory appendage: Text-fig. 1). Institute of Palaeontology, University of Modena, no. 19252 (neotype, 9 RV: PI. 14,100, fig. 1). 1984.180 is from between Plymouth Sound and Start Point, Devon, SW England (lat. 50°10'N, long. 4° 00' W), collected at depth of 38m by S. J. Sturrock. 1984.181, 182 are from Unst Haaf (fishing grounds), Shetland (approx, lat. 61°00'N, long. 1°30'W), ex. Norman Collection slide no. 1900.3.6.268, collected 1867. Io 5884 is from Urla Bay, W Turkey (approx, lat. 38° 19' N, long. 26°47'E), collected by N. Doruk (and figured by her (1981, op. cit.) as “C. antiquata (Baird)”). 1984.212 is from Rothesay Bay, Isle of Bute (approx, lat. 55°50'N, long. 5°05' W), SW Scotland, ex Brady Collection. All Recent. University of Modena no. 19252, from type locality; Late Pliocene. Explanation of Plate 14, 100 Fig. 1, 9 RV, ext. lat. (Neotype, Univ. of Modena no. 19252, 820 /am long); fig. 2, cf LV, ext. lat. (Io 5884, 960 gm long); fig. 3 9 car., ext. vent. (1984.180). Scale A (250/u.m; x60), figs. 1-3. Carinocythereis carinata (2 of 6) Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 98 Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 100 Carinocythereis carinata (4 of 6) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14. 101 Carinocythereis carinata (5 of 6) Disgnosis: Anterior margin with marginal carina which is entire and ponticulate throughout. Ventrolateral carina not produced anteriorly. Male copulatory appendages distinctive. Remarks: In designating a neotype for Carinocythereis carinata, Ruggieri & Russo (1980, op. cit .) chose a specimen identical to C. antiquata (Baird) in all aspects except for size. This was particularly unfortunate since Roemer’s original illustration is so unclear as to make its interpretation entirely subjective, whereas C. antiquata, although lacking a type specimen, is readily determinable from Baird’s original drawing. Nevertheless, C. antiquata and the neotype of C. carinata are, in our opinion, quite clearly conspecific (compare PI. 14, 98, fig. 2 and PI. 14, 100, fig. 1) and as a result the latter name takes priority. C. whitei (Baird) (see J. Athersuch & J. E. Whittaker, Stereo-Atlas Ostracod Shells, 14, 103-110, 1987) differs from C. carinata principally in the disposition of the carinae. C. carinata possesses a marginal carina ventrally which extends without a break from the posteroventral angle around the anterior margin to the eye tubercle. C. whitei has a similar marginal carina which occupies the same position, but in contrast to C. carinata, it is replaced anteroventrally by a row of short, stout marginal spines. In addition, the carina does not form such a prominent crest above the eye tubercle. Both species possess ponticulate ventrolateral carinae. In C. whitei this carina extends anteriorly to run parallel to the anterior margin. A similar carina is found in C. carinata but it is restricted to the ventrolateral region, the anterior part being replaced by a row of four to five small tubercles. C. whitei is consistently smaller than C. carinata amongst living populations. Fossil specimens of C. carinata are also significantly smaller than their Recent counterparts. Minor differences in the male appendages are also useful in distinguishing between these two species. In the juveniles (A-l, A-2) of both species, the marginal carinae are entire. However, differences seen in the ventrolateral carinae of the adults are also apparent in the juveniles. In addition, the juveniles of C. whitei are proportionately less high and more tapered posteriorly then those of C. carinata. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 102 Carinocythereis carinata (6 of 6) Distribution: Recent: British coasts, most frequently in the north (BMNH and Brady Collection, Hancock Museum); French Atlantic Coast (Yassini, 1969, Bull. Inst. Geol. Bassin Aquitaine, 7); Mediterranean (Pugliese etal., 1978, Pubbl. Staz. zool. Napoli, 40); Black Sea (Caraion, op. cit.). Pliocene and Pleistocene: Mediterranean (Doruk, op. cit. and herein). There is some evidence (e.g. Pugliese et al., 1978), at least in the Mediterranean, that C. carinata (= C. antiquata) tends to occur more frequently in deeper water (40-130 m) than C. whitei (=C. bairdii) (20-90m). Text-fig. 1. cf copulatory appendage (1984.212). Drawing by D. J. Horne. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14 (24) 103-110 (1987) Carinocythereis whitei (1 of 8) 595.337.14 (119.1 + 119.9) (429 : 162.005.51 + 420 : 162.004.50 + 420 : 162.005.50 + 420 : 161.000.52 + 564.3 : 161.033.35 + 45 : 161.014.40) : 551.351 ON CARINOCYTHEREIS WHITEI (BAIRD) by John Athersuch & John E. Whittaker (B.P. Research Centre, Sunbury and British Museum (Natural History), London) Carinocythereis whitei (Baird, 1850) 1850 Cythereis Whitei sp. nov. W. Baird, The Natural History of British Entomostraca, Ray Soc., London, 175, pi. 20, figs. 3, 3a. 1865 Cythereis aspera sp. nov. G. S. Brady, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., ser. 3, 16, 190, pi. 9, figs. 16-19. 1868 Cythere Whiteii (Baird); G. S. Brady, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon., 26, 416, pi. 30, figs. 21-24. 1969 Carinocythereis bairdii sp. nov. F. Uliczny, Hemicytheridae und Trachyleberididae (Ostracoda) aus dem Pliozan der Insel Kephallinia (Westgrienchenland), Univ. of Munich, 79, pi. 5, fig. 7; pi. 16, fig. 7. 1971 Carinocythereis carinata (Roemer); P. Carbonel & J. Moyes, Revta esp. Micropaleont., 13, 147-154, pi. 1, figs. 1, 4; pi. 2, figs. 1-9 ( non Cytherina carinata Roemer, 1838). 1976 Carinocythereis antiquata (Baird); G. Bonaduce, G. Ciampo & M. Masoli, Pubbl. Staz.zool. Napoli, 40, 49, pi. 25, figs. 8-10. 1985 Carinocythereis whitei (Baird); J. Athersuch, D. J. Horne & J. E. Whittaker,/, micropalaeontol., 4, 153-158, pi. 1, figs. 12-15; pi. 2, figs. 7, 8. Lectotype: Designated herein, a female carapace from the Baird Collection, ex. slide no. 50.42; housed in the Brit.Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, cat. no. 1984.174 (now split into two valves). Type locality: Tenby, Dyfed, SW Wales (lat. 51° 41'N, long. 4° 43'W); Recent. Explanation of Plate 14, 104 Fig. 1, 9 LV, ext. lat. (Lectotype, 1984.174, 860/u.m long); fig. 2, 9 RV, ext. lat. (Lectotype, 1984.174, 840/am long); fig. 3, cf RV, ext. lat. (1984.173, 890/u.m long). Scale A (250/u.m; x 75), figs. 1-3. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 105 Carinocythereis whitei (3 of 8) Figured specimens: British Museum (Nat. Hist.) nos. 1984.174 (Lectotype, 9 LV + RV: PI. 14, 104, figs. 1, 2); 1984.173 (Cf RV: PI. 14, 104, fig. 3); OS 12312 (9 LV: PI. 14, 106, fig. 1); OS 12313 (9 RV: PI. 14, 106, fig. 2); OS 12314 (cf RV: PI. 14, 106, fig. 3); 1984.175 (juv. A-l car.: PI. 14, 108, fig. 1); 1984.176 (9 RV: PI. 14, 108, fig. 2); 1984.177 (9 RV: PI. 14, 108, fig. 3); 1984.178 (cf car.: PI. 14, 110, fig. 1; copulatory appendage: Text-fig. la); 1984.179 (9 LV: PI. 14, 110, figs. 2, 3); 1984.213 (Cf copulatory appendages: Text-fig. lb). The lectotype (1984.174) is from the sole remaining syntypic slide in the Baird Collection (ex. 50.42) at the Brit. Mus. (Brit. Hist.); collected by T. R. Jones. 1984.173, 175 and 178 are from the Norman Collection (Brit.Mus. (Nat. Hist.)): 1984.173 and 175 from Dartmouth, Devon, SW England (lat. 50° 21'N, 3° 37'W) (ex slide no. 1911. 11. 8. M 3372); 1984.178 from Plymouth, Devon (approx, lat. 50° 22'N, 4° 08'W). 1984.176 and 1984.213 were collected alive by J. Athersuch from coarse sand in Famagusta Bay. Cyprus (approx, lat. 35° 10'N, long. 33° 58'E), water depth 30m, salinity 39.4%o, during November 1973. 1983.177 and 179, from the Bay of Naples (approx, lat. 40° 50'N, long. 14° 17'E), were kindly provided by Dr. G. Bonaduce. OS 12312-12314 are from the Nar Valley Clay, East Winch, Norfolk (lat. 00° 32'E, long. 52° 44'N), collected by P. G. Cambridge and B. M. Funnell; Pleistocene (Hoxnian?). Diagnosis: Anterior margin with carina which is entire and ponticulate dorsally, and disconnected ventrally to form a row of short spines. Ventrolateral carina extends to run parallel to anterior margin. Male copulatory appendage distinctive. Explanation of Plate 14, 106 Fig. 1, 9 LV, ext. lat. (OS 12312, 745 pm long); fig. 2, 9 RV, ext. lat. (OS 12313, 740/u.m long); fig. 3, cf RV, ext. lat. (OS 12314, 780/u.m long). Scale A (250/um; X 75), figs. 1-3. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 104 Carinocythereis whitei (2 of 8) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 106 Carinocythereis whitei (4 of 8) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 107 Carinocythereis whitei (5 of 8) Remarks: This species was recognised by Baird (1850, op. cit.), Brady (1868, op. cit.) and Brady, Crosskey & Robertson (1874, Palaentogr. Soc. Monogr.) as being distinct from C. carinata (Roemer, 1838) = C. antiquata (Baird, 1850). All of these authors, however, illustrated and described poorly preserved specimens of C. whitei , a fact that has tended to mask the true differences between these two species. (Worn specimens appear more nodose when the carinae are abraded). However, an examination of Baird’s syntypes, one of which is illustrated herein (PI. 14, 104, figs 1, 2) leaves us in no doubt as to the true identity of C. whitei. The main difference between C. whitei and C. carinata (Roemer) is in the length and disposition of the ventrolateral and anterolateral carinae (see also Remarks on C. carinata (Roemer) in J. Athersuch & J. E. Whittaker, Stereo-Atlas Ostracod Shells, 14, 97-102, 1987). There is some variation in the development of the carinae in both Recent and fossil forms (cf. PI. 14, 106, figs. 2, 3; PI. 14, 108, figs 2, 3), a factor which seems to be related to calcification of the carapace as a whole. Until Athersuch, Horne & Whittaker (1985, op. cit.) reinstated the name C. whitei , G. S. Brady & A. M. Norman (Scient. Trans. R.Dubl. Soc., ser. 2, 4, 1889) were apparently the last authors to regard it as a distinct species in Britain and the only records under this name in the Mediterranean appear to be those of Ruggieri, 1956 (Att Soc.ital.Sci.nat., 95) and Uliczny, 1969 (op. cit.). Otherwise, the name whitei seems to have fallen into disuse and specimens referable to this species have usually been described as either C. antiquata (Baird) or C. bairdii Uliczny. Distribution: Recent: British coasts (most frequently in the south), French Atlantic coast and widespread throughout the Mediterranean (recorded as C. antiquata or C. bairdii). A sublittoral species found at depths of 20-60m or more. Fossil: Pleistocene and Pliocene of the Mediterranean (under a variety of names) (Uliczny, op. cit.; Ruggieri, op. cit.); Pleistocene of England (as C. aspera). Explanation of Plate 14, 108 Fig. 1, juv. A-l car., ext. It. lat. (1984.175, 700/u.m long); fig. 2, 9 RV, ext. lat. (1984.176, 890/am long); fig. 3, 9 RV, ext. lat. (1984.177, 780/u.m long). Scale A (250/u.m; x 75), figs 1-3. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 109 Carinocythereis whitei (7 of 8) Text-fig. 1. cf copulatory appendages: a, (1984.178), Recent of Britain; b, (1984.213), Recent of the Mediterranean. Drawings by D. J. Horne. Explanation of Plate 14, 110 Fig. 1, cf car., ext. vent. (1984.178, 890/i,m long); fig. 2, 9 LV, int. lat. (1984.179, 800/u.m long); fig. 3, 9 TV, int. muse. sc. (1984.179). Scale A (250/u.m; x 75), figs. 1,2; scale B (50/u.m; x 310), fig. 3. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 108 Carinocythereis whitei (6 of 8) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 1 10 Carinocythereis whitei (8 of 8) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14 (25) 111-114 (1987) Abrotocythere quinquicornis (1 of 4) 595.337.14 (119.15-118.21) (510 : 161.103.27) : 551.313.1 + 552.52 ON ABROTOCYTHERE QUINQUICORNIS ZHAO gen. et sp. nov. by Zhao Yuhong (Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, China & University of Hull, England) Derivation of name: Diagnosis: Genus ABROTOCYTHERE gen. nov. Type-species: Abrotocythere quinquicornis sp. nov. Greek, meaning beautiful; in reference to its surface ornamentation + cythere. Genus small (adults 390-460yu.m), subrectangular to truncated oval in side view, with well developed posteroventral cyathus in the right valve. Right valve hinge with narrow elongate tooth anteriorly and large rounded tooth posteriorly separated by a groove which is very wide in its anterior half and disappears under the dorsal margin posteriorly. Muscle scar pattern a vertical row of four adductor scars with rounded mandibular and frontal scars. Remarks: Appendages and soft parts are unknown but the nature of the adductor muscle scar pattern places the new genus in the Cytheracea. The general carapace features place it in the Limnocytheridae and it can be assigned to the Subfamily Timiriaseviinae. Here it has affinities with the Kovalovskiella (Rosacy there) and Theriosynoecum groups of Colin & Danielopol ( Palaeobiologie Continental XI, 1, 13-17, 1980). Although the hinge structure is very similar, it differs from Theriosynoecum in the general nature of the ornamentation as well as in shape, which in Abrotocythere is much more rectangular and less rounded, particularly posteriorly. It is closest to the Cretaceous genus Rosacy there Colin, 1980 from which it differs most markedly in having the positive elements of the hinge structure in the right valve. In size (390-460/xm) it is also much smaller than both Rosacythere (560-600/xm) and Theriosynoecum (620-1420/xm). Abrotocythere may be regarded as a Tertiary derivative of Rosacythere and may thus belong in the Kovalovskiella group. Explanation of Plate 14, 112 Fig. 1, 2, RV, (holotype, 103070, 390/u.m long): fig. 1, ext. lat., fig. 2, ext. dors. Scale A (lOO/urn; x 245), figs. 1, 2. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 113 Abrotocythere quinquicornis sp.nov. Abrotocythere quinquicornis (3 of 4) Holotype: Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, China; coll. no. 103070, RV. [Paratypes: eight valves, Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology nos . 1 0307 1 , ' 90870-90876 ] . Type locality: Section at Gaocanzi, Zhongshui town, Weining County, Guizhou province, SW China; lat. 21° 20'N, long. 103° 39'E. From a marl lens in mudstones of Miocene (or possibly Oligocene) age. Derivation of name: Figured specimens: Latin; reference to the five horn-like spines or pore conuli in the posterior half of the shell. Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, nos. 103070 (holotype, RV: PI. 14, 112, figs. 1, 2), 103071 (paratype, RV: PI. 14, 114, figs. 1, 2). Both figured specimens are from the type locality and horizon. Diagnosis: A small (390/u.m) species of Abrotocythere, subrectanglar in side view with strong infracurvature, the anterodorsal margin sloping gently at about 45° to the vertical. Straight dorsal and ventral margins are parallel, slightly concave in their median part and truncated posteriorly by the vertical posterior margin. Left valve slightly larger than right valve with ventral overlap medianly and a well developed posteroventral cyathus in the right valve. Wide, shallow “V” shaped sulcus anterodorsally giving a dorsal view reminiscent of a calabash. Primary puncta pentgonal or subrounded with secondary pitting. Pore canal openings are clearly visible at the top of the pore conuli and on the ridges of the reticulation anteriorly. Inner lamella narrow with very small vestibules at each end, selvage strong. Hinge typical of genus. A vertical row of four adductor scars lies on a platform in front of the strongly vaulted posterior part of the shell and these scars are also seen on the external surface. There are two oval mandibular scars anteroventrally and a round Remarks: frontal scar level with the topmost adductor scar. A. quinquicornis differs from A.ovata Zhao ( Stereo-Atlas Ostracod Shells, 14, (26) 115-118, 1987) Distribution: in its smaller size and in the development of five prominent tubercles/spines posteriorly. Abrotocythere quinquicornis and Abrotocythere ovata Zhao have been found in the Guizhou Province, SW China in beds of (?) Oligocene-Miocene age; they are associated with gastropods Ackno wledgm en t: which are thought to occupy an oligohaline niche. This study was undertaken while a visiting Research Scholar in the Department of Geology, University of Hull, England. Explanation of Plate 14, 114 Fig. 1, 2, RV (paratype, 103701, 390/xm long); fig. 1, int. lat., fig. 2, ext. dors. Scale A (100/um; x 248), figs. 1, 2 Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 114 Abrotocythere quinquicomis (4 of 4) Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 112 Abrotocythere quinquicomis (2 of 4) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14 (26) 115-118 (1987) Abrotocythere ovata ( 1 of 4) 595.337.14 (118.15-118.21) (510 : 161.103.27) : 551.313.1 + 552.52 ON ABROTOCYTHERE OVATA ZHAO sp. nov by Zhao Yuhong (Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, China & University of Hull, England) Holotype: Abrotocythere ovata sp. nov. Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, China, coll. no. 103072; RV. [Paratypes: two valves. Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, nos. 103073(1)— 103074(2)]. Type locality: Section at Gaokanzi, Zhongshui town, Weining county, Guizhou province, SW China, lat. 27° 20'N, 103° 39'E. From a marl lens in mudstones of Miocene (or possibly Oligocene) age. Derivation of name: Figured specimens: Referring to the oval outline of the shell. Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology nos. 103072 (holotype. RV: PI. 14, 116, fig. 1; PI. 14, 118, fig. 2), 103073(1) (paratype, RV: PI. 14, 118, fig. 1), 103073(2) (paratype, LV: PI. 14, 116, fig. 2). All of the figured specimens are from the type locality and horizon. Diagnosis: Small, truncated oval in lateral view, cordate in dorsal view. Dorsal and ventral margins subparallel. Right valve with strong posteroventral cyathus. Wide, shallow V-shaped sulcus anterodorsally. Surface with subrounded fossae with secondary pitting, in some areas arranged in the manner of fish scales. Size of fossae variable becoming smaller anterodorsally near the shallow V-shaped sulcus. The elongate, round, posteroventral tubercle lies slightly behind mid-length and is inclined downwards anteriorly at an angle of about 30° to the horizontal. Inner lamella narrow Explanation of Plate 14, 116 Fig. 1, RV, ext. lat. (holotype, 103072, 460/u.m long); fig. 2, LV, ext. lat. (paratype, 103073(2), 445 pun long). Scale A (100/u.m; x 205), figs. 1; scale B (100/luti; x 177), fig. 2. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 117 Abrotocythere ovata (3 of 4) Diagnosis: (cont.) with very small vestibule anteriorly. Hinge characteristic of the genus with elongate anterior tooth Remarks: plate, large rounded posterior tooth and connecting groove in the right valve. A vertical row of four adductor scars lies on a platform in front of the swollen posterior part of the shell. There are two small rounded and closed mandibular scars anteroventrally. This species occurs with Abrotocythere quinquicornis Zhao ( Stereo-Atlas Ostracod Shells, 14, 111, 1987) to which it is obviously closely related. It differs in a number of important respects. With a length generally 450-460/u.m, A. ovata is consistently larger than A. quinquicornis (390/am). Ornamentation also differs consistently. The present species, whilst showing the basic elements of sulcus, reticulation and tuberculation differs in a number of important respects. A. ovata lacks the five prominent tubercles/spines of A. quinquicornis. In this it might simply be considered a morph of the latter species but for the fact that the tubercle that is developed is elongated in a direction virtually at right angles to the direction the one which occurs in roughly the same position in A. quinquicornis. They can not be regarded as homologous and the pattern of fossae round these respective tubercles is also quite different. Similarly these same differences suggest that this is not a case of sexual dimorphism and the current taxon is regarded as a species different from, but co-eval with, A. quinquicornis. A. ovata is somewhat similar in outline to Kovalev skiella phreaticola (Danielopol) (Colin and Danielopol, Paleobiologie Continentale, XI, 1, pi. 2, fig. 1, 2, 1980) and other Kovalev skiella species (Colin and Danielopol, Paleobio, Contin., XI, 1, 13-14, pi. 1-5, 1980), but there are clear Distribution: differences in ornamentation, hinge structure and muscle scar pattern. Abrotocythere ovata and Abrotocythere quinquicornis ( Stereo-Atlas Ostracod Shells, 14, 111, 1987) have been found in Guizhou Province, SW China, in beds of Miocene (or possibly Oligocene) age. Ackno wledgm ent: They are associated with gastropods which are thought to have lived in an oligohaline habitat. This study was undertaken while a visiting Research scholar in the Department of Geology, University of Hull, England. Explanation of Plate 14, 118 Fig. 1, RV int. lat. (paratype, 103073(1), 450/u.m long); fig. 2, RV ext. dors, (holotype, 103072, 460/am long) Scale A (100/am; x 212), figs. 1, 2. Abrotocythere ovata (2 of 4) Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 116 Abrotocythere ovata (4 of 4) Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 118 Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14 (27) 119-122 (1987) Leucocythere weiningensis (1 of 4) 595.337.14 (119.1) (510 : 161.104.26) : 551.312.4 + 552.52 ON LEUCOCYTHERE WEININGENSIS ZHAO sp. nov. by Zhao Yuhong ( Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, China & University of Hull, England) Holotype: Type locality: Derivation of name: Figured specimens: Leucocythere weiningensis sp. nov. Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, China, coll. no. 103064; carapace. [Paratypes: valve and carapace, Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, nos. 103065-103066], Borehole CK-17 at Caohai Lake, Weining County, Guizhou Province, SW China; lat. 26° 51'N, 104° 12'E. At a depth of 21m from the surface; black mudstones of Pleistocene age. From its occurrence in the Weining County, Guizhou Province, SW China. Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology nos. 103064 (holotype, car.: PI. 14, 120, figs. 1, 2), 103065 (paratype, RV: PI. 14, 122, fig. 1.), 103066 (paratype, car.: PI. 14, 122, fig. 2). All of the figured specimens are from the type locality and horizon. Explanation of Plate 14, 120 Figs. 1, 2, car. (holotype, 103064, 470^tm long): fig. 1, ext. It. lat.; fig. 2, ext. rt. lat. Scale A (100/u.m; x 201), figs. 1, 2. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 121 Leucocythere weiningensis (3 of 4) Diagnosis: Remarks: Distribution: Ackno wledgem ent: Carapace small; dorsal margin straight, inclined towards posterior; ventral slightly concave in the median part. Highest and widest about one-third length from the anterior end. Surface reticulate with secondary pitting in the fossae. Two vertical dorsal sulci in the anterior half of the shell, the most prominent lying just in front of mid-length. Pores occur at the intersections of some muri of which two or three anteriorly, and about half a dozen posteriorly form fairly prominent pore conuli. There is a small backward projecting spine at about three-quarters length and at about one-fifth the height above the ventral margin. Some specimens show a sulcus immediately behind this spine (PI. 14, 120, fig. 2). Vertical row of four adductor scars placed low on the shell on the anterior side of the internal ridge, with two rounded mandibular scars more ventrally. Hinge merodont with straight toothplate subdivided into three toothlets anteriorly, a locellate groove and a prominent elliptical tooth posteriorly in the right valve. This species is related to Leucocythere plena Zhao (see Stereo-Atlas Ostracod Shells, 14, 123, 1987), but the latter is more swollen posteriorly, with a concave posterior outline in dorsal view, and the hinge structure is less well developed. This species has so far only been found in Pleistocene deposits in Guizhou Province, SW China. This study was undertaken as a visiting research scholar at the Department of Geology, University of Hull, England. Explanation of Plate 14, 122 Fig. 1, RV int. lat. (paratype, 103065, 450/u.m long); fig. 2, car., ext. dors, (paratype, 103066, 470/xm long). Scale A (100/xm; x 210), fig 1; scale B (100/i.m; x 205), fig. 2. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 120 Leucocythere weiningensis (2 of 4) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14 (28) 123-126 (1987) Leucocythere plena (1 of 4) 595.337.14 (119.1) (510 : 161.104.26) : 551.312.4 + 552.52 ON LEUCOCYTHERE PLENA ZHAO sp. nov. by Zhao Yuhong (Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, China & University of Hull, England) Leucocythere plena sp. nov. Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, China, coll. no. 103067; carapace. [Paratypes: valve and carapace. Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, nos. 103068-103069]. Borehole CK-17 at Caohai Lake, Weining County, Guizhou Province, SW China; lat. 26° 51 'N, 104° 12'E. At a depth of 21m from the surface; black mudstones of Pleistocene age. From the latin plenus, plump, stout; in reference to the swollen posterior half of the shell. Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology nos. 103067 (holotype, car.: PI. 14, 124, figs. 1, 2), 103068 (paratype, RV: PI. 14, 126, fig. 1.), 103069 (paratype, car.: PI. 14, 126, fig. 2). All of the figured specimens are from the type locality and horizon. Holotype: Type locality: Derivation of name: Figured specimens: Explanation of Plate 14, 124 Figs. 1, 2, car. (holotype, 103067, 520/u.m long): fig. 1, ext. It. lat.; fig. 2, ext. rt. lat. Scale A (lOO^tm; x 178), figs. 1, 2. Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 125 Leucocythere plena (3 of 4) Diagnosis: Remarks: Distribution: Ackno wledgem ent: Small to medium sized carapace with gently concave dorsum inclined posteriorly. Highest anteriorly at about one-third the length. Two dorsal vertical sulci in the anterior half of the shell; sub-central tubercle; posterior half of shell swollen. Sparse pore conuli developed over the surface of the shell and developed posteriorly where they form distinct tubercles. Ornamentation of subdued reticulation with round secondary pits occupying the fossae. Ten marginal pore canals anteriorly. Vertical row of four adductor scars in the ventral part of the shell and lying on the anterior flank of the median internal ridge which defines the posterior limit of the sub-central tubercle. Hinge merodont with narrow, well-defined anterior and posterior toothplates with thin, sinuous groove in between. This species is closely related to L.weiningensis Zhao (see Stereo-Atlas Ostracod Shells, 14, 119, 1987) but differs in its concave dorsum, less differentiated hinge, subdued ornamentation and marked posterior swelling. The present species is also related to L.subquadrata Huang & You, 1982 (Huang, Yang & You, Palaeontology of Xizang, Book IV, 377, fig. 6, pi. 14, fig. 3, 1982, Beijing), but that species lacks the carapace sulci and does not show the posterior inflation of L. plena. L. plena has so far only been found in Pleistocene deposits in Guizhou Province, SW China. This study was undertaken as a visiting Research Scholar at the Department of Geology, University of Hull, England. Explanation of Plate 14, 126 Fig. 1, RV int. lat. (paratype, 103068, 490/xm long); fig. 2, car., ext. dors, (paratype, 103069, 520/um long). Scale A (100|U.m; x 188), fig. 1; scale B (100/u.m; x 186), fig. 2. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 124 Leucocythere plena (2 of 4) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 126 Leucocythere plena (4 of 4) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14 (29) 127-130 (1987) Limnocythere xinanensis (1 of 4) 595.337.14 (119.1) (510 : 161.104.26) : 551.312.4 + 552.52 ON LIMNOCYTHERE XINANENSIS ZHAO sp. nov. by Zhao Yuhong ( Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, China & University of Hull, England) Holotype: Type locality: Derivation of name: Figured specimens: Diagnosis: Limnocythere xinanensis sp. nov. Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, China, coll. no. 103060; $ LV. [Paratypes: three female valves and carapaces. Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, nos. 103061-103063], Borehole CK-17 at Caohai Lake, Weining County, Guizhou Province, SW China; lat. 26° 51'N, 104° 12'E. At a depth of 17m from the surface; black shale of Pleistocene age. From its occurrence in the Xinan region of China. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology nos. 103060 (holotype, 9 LV: PI. 14, 128, fig. 1), 10361 (paratype, $RV: PI. 14, 128, fig. 2), 10362 (paratype, 9 RV: PI. 14, 130, fig. 1), 103063 (paratype, 9 car.: PI- 14, 130, fig. 2). All of the figured specimens are from the type locality and horizon. Shell reniform but more broadly rounded in front, dorsal side straight, ventral side curved. Median and anterior dorsal, vertical sulci occur, of which the median is the stronger. Surface ornamentation of five nodes and primary and secondary reticulation. Two nodes lie in the dorsal half of the shell on either side of the median sulcus. The other nodes lie in the ventral half of the shell, one behind the median sulcus, the other two smaller nodes lie one above the other in front of the median sulcus. Hinge merodont with terminal undivided toothplates linked by a groove in the Explanation of Plate 14, 128 Fig. 1, 9LV, ext. lat. (holotype, 103060, 480/iun long); fig. 2, 9 RV, ext. lat. (paratype, 103061, 490/xm long). Scale A (100/u.m; x 187), figs. 1, 2. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 129 Limnocythere xinanensis (3 of 4) ( \ Diagnosis: (cont.) Remarks: Distribution: Acknowledgement: right valve. Row of four closely pressed adductor muscle scars centrally placed on the ridge which represents the expression of the median sulcus internally, frontal scar oval on the same level as the two uppermost adductors and two rounded mandibular scars more ventrally placed. In dorsal view pointed anteriorly and somewhat arrow-shaped. Three small dorsal spines in the posterior half of the right valve. L. xinanensis is closely related to L.stationis Vavra, 1891 but differs clearly from the latter species as originally figured ( Archiv Naturw. Landesd. Bohmens, 8, 109, fig. 38, 1891) in being much more slender and more pointed posteriorly in dorsal view and in tapering more posteriorly and not being so evenly rounded anteriorly in lateral view. L.stationis was thought to be confined to Europe until Martens ( Hydrobiologia , 110, 138-141, figs. 9-16, 1984) recorded it from the Sudan and gave good illustrations, Martens’ material is much nearer to the Chinese material in dorsal view but in lateral aspect does not taper so much posteriorly and the dorsal margin shows a more pronounced break in slope than does L. xinanensis where the dorsal margin is long and straight. Martens notes the variability of dorsal spines in L.stationis where up to three may be found although they were completely absent from his African specimens. L. xinanensis shows a similar variability in the development of these spines. L. xinanensis from the lower part of the present section consisted of many females and rare males neither of which carried dorsal spines. In the middle of the section specimens with one dorsal spine were found and both males and females were present, whilst in the upper part of the section many males and females occurred which had three dorsal spines. De Deckker’s Australian species L.dorsosicula ( Proc . R. Soc. Viet., 93, 43-45, figs. 1, 2a-i, 1981) has between three and six spines dorsally and also differs in its much reduced turberculation. Comparisons with other species are not close. i Limnocythere xinanensis has been found in the Guizhou Yunnan Province in China in deposits ranging from Pleistocene to Recent in age. This study was undertaken as a visiting Research Scholar at the Department of Geology, University of Hull, England. Explanation of Plate 14, 130 Fig. 1, 9 RV, int. lat. (paratype, 103062, 440/u.m long); fig. 2, 9 car- ext- dors, (paratype, 103063, 480/u.m long). Scale A (100/u.m; x 207), fig. 1; scale B (100/xm; x 183), fig. 2. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 130 Limnocythere xinanensis (4 of 4) Limnocythere xinanensis (2 of 4) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 128 : — :*r •• Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14 (30) 131-134 (1987) 595.337.14 (119.1) (510 : 161.104.26) : 551.312.4 + 552.52 ON METACYPRIS APHTHOSA ZHAO sp. nov. by Zhao Yuhong (Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, China & University of Hull, England ) Metacypris aphthosa sp. nov. Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, China, coll. no. 103074(a); 9 carapace. [Paratypes: two male valves, one female carapace and one male carapace, Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, nos. 103074(b)-103074(e)]. Borehole at Caohai Lake, Weining County, Guizhou Province, SW China; lat. 26° 51'N, 104° 12'E. At a depth of 27m from the surface; black mudstones of Pleistocene age (Q2-3). Greek aphthosus, measles; in reference to the surface ornamentation. Academia Sinica Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology nos. 103074(a) (holotype, 9 car.; RV: PI. 14, 132, figs. 1, 3), 10374(b) (paratype, 9 car: PI. 14, 132, fig. 2), 103074(c) (paratype, cf RV: PI. 14, 134, fig. 1), 103074(e) (paratype, cf car: PI. 14, 134, fig. 2), 103074(d) (paratype, cf RV: PI. 14, 134, fig. 1). All of the figured specimens are from the type locality and horizon. Distinct sexual dimorphism. Females medium-sized, rounded-rectangular in lateral view and cordate in dorsal view with the greatest width posteriorly. Males small, elongate in lateral view and oval in dorsal view with the greatest width at mid-length. Larger left valve overlaps right valve. Surface reticulate. Females have a very faint trace of a dorsal sulcus which is not seen in any of the males. Two to four rows of very fine pits occur marginally and are well seen along the dorsal Explanation of Plate 14, 132 Figs. 1, 3, 9 car., RV (holotype, 103074(a), 480/xm long): fig. 1, ext. lat., fig. 3, int. lat. Fig. 2, 9 car. (paratype, 103074(b), 480/i.m long). Scale A (200/u.m; X 134), figs. 1-3. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 133 Metacypris aphthosa (3 of 4) margins of the valves in dorsal view (PI. 14, 132, fig. 2: PI. 14, 134, fig. 2). Each valve develops five tubercles anteriorly and four or five posteriorly. These are constant in position and there is no difference between the sexes. Hinge merodont, right valve with a long, smooth anterior toothplate, a shorter, thicker, smooth posterior toothplate and slightly sinuous interconnecting groove. Right valve free margin with strong selvage and posteroventrally the valve bulges down well below the valve margin. Typical cytheracean muscle scar pattern with a row of four adductor scars, the outer two oval, the central two very elongated. Two small, rounded mandibular scars occur anteroventrally. This species is very similar to Metacypris changzhouensis Chen ( Acta Palaeon. Sinica, 13(1), 7, pi. 2, figs. 9, 13, 1965) but in the latter the tubercles lack the constancy and regular distribution seen in M. aphthosa. M. changzhouensis differs further in that the right valve is larger than the left valve, and in addition it is also a bigger species (length 680/xm). Differences are also apparent in dorsal view when the posterior part of the carapace is compared. It also differs from Metacypris unibulla Hou & Chen (Acta Palaeon. Sinica, 13(1), p. 9, pi. 1, figs. 5, 9 1965) because the latter only has one posterior tubercle, is thinner in dorsal view and differs in size amongst other things. The present species differs from Metacypris cordata Brady & Roberston (Brady and Roberston, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., Ser. 4. 6, 19-20, pi. VI, figs. 1, 9, 1870; Pinto & Sanguinetti, Esc. Geol. P. Alegre, 4, pi. II, figs. 1 a-e, 1962; Colin & Danielopol, Palaebiologie Continetale, XI, 1, 29-30, pi. 14, figs. 5-9, 1980), in that in the latter the right valve is the larger, there is no surface tuberculation and it is longer and narrower than Metacypris aphthosa which is a short and very inflated species. Males, females and younger instars are all found together in the deposits examined although the females are more than twice as abundant as the males and instars together. M. aphthosa has so far only been found in Pleistocene deposits in Guizhou Province, SW China. This study was undertaken as a visiting Research Scholar at the Department of Geology, University of Hull, England. Explanation of Plate 14, 134 Fig. 1, cf RV, ext. lat. (paratype, 103074(c), 440 p. long); fig. 2, cf car., dors (paratype, 103074(e), 400/i.m long); fig. 3, cf RV, int. lat. (paratype, 103074(d), 420pm long). Scale A (200/Am; x 146), figs. 1-3. Remarks: Distribution: Acknowledgement: Holotype: Type locality: Derivation of name: Figured specimens: Diagnosis: Metacypris aphthosa ( 1 of 4) Metacypris aphthosa (2 of 4) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 132 Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 134 Metacypris aphthosa (4 of 4) Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14(31) 135-138(1987) Beninea ibecetenensis (1 of 4) 595.337.14 (116.333) (669 : 161.001.06) : 551.35 ON BENINEA IBECETENENSIS APOSTOLESCU gen. et sp. nov. by Vespasian Apostolescu (5, rue J. -C. Bezanier, 78360-Montesson, France) Derivation of name: Diagnosis: Remarks: Genus BENINEA gen. nov. Type-species: Beninea ibecetenensis sp. nov. from Benin, W Africa. Cytheridae essentially characterized by its hinge. Right valve: anterior element consisting of a strong, rounded tooth, a long crenulate groove and a posterior plate-like cardinal element bearing five strong crenulations; left valve: large anterior socket, long crenulate ridge slightly arched and a posterior strongly crenulate socket. No accommodation groove. Carapace subovoid in side view, elongate ovate dorsally. Anterior margin broadly rounded, posterior margin obliquely rounded. Left valve larger than right; dorsal margin regularly arched, with greatest height in middle part. Anterior margin of right valve more angular. Surface smooth with well developed normal sieve-type pore-canals. Eye tubercle absent. Sexual dimorphism pronounced; males more elongate than females. Central muscle scars: vertical row of four coalescent rounded scars and two equally rounded scars in front (Text-fig. 1). Narrow marginal zone; line of concrescence coincides with the inner margin. Radial pores straight, simple and up to eight on anterior margin (Text-fig. 1). Externally, Beninea is comparable to Bopaina Apostolescu, 1961 and “Clithrocytheridea" senegali Apostolescu, 1961 from the Senonian of Senegal (Rev. Inst, franq Petrole, 16, (7-8), 779-867). Except for the absence of an accommodation groove and the median ridge on the left valve, the hinge of Beninea is close to Apatocythere Triebel, 1940 ( Senckenbergiana , 22, (3/4), 160-227), Explanation of Plate 14, 136 Fig. 1, cf car., rt. lat. (paratype, P-351, 560^m long); fig. 2, 9 car., rt. lat . (holotype, H-350, 510yam long); fig. 3, 9 car., h. lat. (holotype, H-350, 510/u.m long). Scale A (200/u.m; x 110), fig. 1; scale B (200 /u.m; x 120), fig. 2; scale C (200/rm; x 130), fig. 3. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 137 Beninea ibecetenensis (3 of 4) Remarks: (cont.) Dordoniella Apostolescu, 1955 ( Cah . geol., 33, 329-330), and Schulapacythere Malz, 1970 (Senckenbergiana, 51, (5/6), 401-409). In external view, Beninea differs from these genera by the shape of the carapace and the absence of an eye tubercle. Holotype: Type locality: Derivation of name: Figured specimens: Diagnosis: Distribution: Acknowledgment: Beninea ibecetenensis sp. nov. V. Apostolescu Collection, Lab. Micropaleontol., Mus. natl. Hist, nat., Paris, France, no. H-350; 9 carapace. [Paratypes: 12 carapaces and valves; same repository as holotype]. Ibeceten borehole (at 181-182m), near the town of Anthieme, Nigeria, Benin, W Africa (see Apostlescu, 1961, Rev. Inst, franq Petrole, 16 (7-8), tab. 3, 786); early Senonian, Cretaceous. From the bore-hole Ibeceten, the type locality. Mus. natl. Hist. nat. Paris, France, V. Apostolescu Collection, no. H-350 (holotype, 9 car.: PI- 14, 136, figs. 2, 3), P-351 (paratype, cf car.: PI. 14, 136, fig. 1; PI. 14, 138, fig. 1), P-352 (paratype, 9 LV: PI. 14, 138, fig. 2), P-353 (paratype, 9 RV: PI. 14, 138, fig. 3). All from the type-locality, Ibeceten borehole (at 181-182m), Benin, W Africa. Early Senonian, occurring together with other ostracodes such as Cophinia apiformis (Reyment, 1960). As for the genus. Early Senonian, Cretaceous, of the Benin-Togo basin, W Africa. Dr. J. P. Colin, Esso Production Research-European Lab. (Begles) is thanked for providing the S.E.M. micrographs (taken by C. Lete) and for reading the text. Text-fig. 1. B. ibecetenensis: a, internal view, left valve; b, internal view, right valve; c, dorsal view, right valve. Explanation of Plate 14, 138 Fig. 1, cf car., ext. dors, (paratype, P-351, 560/um long); fig. 2, 9 RV, int. lat. (paratype, P-352, 480/um long); fig. 3, 9 LV, int. lat. (paratype, P-353, 490/xm long). Scale A (200/am; x 110), fig. 1; scale B (200jU,m; x 120), fig. 2; scale C (200/rm; x 130), fig. 3. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 136 Beninea ibecetenensis (2 of 4) Beninea ibecetenensis (4 of 4) Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 138 Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14 (32) 139-142 (1987) Glyptolichvinella spiralis (1 of 4) 595.337.3 (113.51) (420 : 162.003.55 + 411 : 162.004.56) : 551.351 ON GLYPTOLICHVINELLA SPIRALIS (JONES & KIRKBY) by Robert F. Lundin (Arizona State University, Tempe, U.S.A.) Genus GLYPTOLICHVINELLA Pozner, 1966 Type-species (by original designation): Kirkbya spiralis Jones & Kirkby, 1884 Diagnosis: Cytherellacean genus the lateral surfaces of which are ornamented with two ridges, one which is subparallel to the lateral outline and may or may not continue to form a marginal ridge, and another which is median and bends below the adductorial sulcus. Straguloid process variably developed. Domatium with variable number of separate egg compartments. Remarks: The earliest valid publication of this genus known to me is that of K. Ya. Gurevich (in Fossil Ostracoda, O. S. Vyalov, ed., Acad. Sci. Ukr. SSR, Inst. Geol. & Geochem. Fossil Fuels, 1966 = Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 1971 English translation of Russian original). In that publication, Pozner is credited with authorship of the genus and the generic name is spelled Glyptolichvinella rather than Glyptolichwinella as it appears in various other literature. Accordingly, the former spelling is used here. Lichvinella scopinensis Pozner (op. cit.) is the type-species for Lichvinella. M. N. Gramm (Vladivostok) has provided me with two photographs of L. scopinensis, one of which shows that the females of that species have egg compartments and a limen. The discovery of egg compartments in Glyptolichvinella indicates, therefore, that this genus differs from Lichvinella only by the presence of a separate longitudinal ridge on the lateral surface of each valve. I judge this to be only a species-level difference but do not formally synonymize the two genera until more and better material of each can be studied. Explanation of Plate 14, 140 Fig. 1, cf car., ext. It. lat (BMNH 1 1719, [pars]. 1030/xm long); fig. 2, 9 car., ext. rt. lat. . light photograph to show egg compartments (BMNH I 1719, [pars], 880jrm long); fig. 3. 9 car ' ext- h. lat. (BMNH OS 7384, 1240/u.m long). Scale A (200/u.m; x 75), fig. 1; scale B (200;u,m; x 84), fig. 2; scale C (200/u.m; x 61), fig. 3. Type locality: Figured specimens: Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 141 Glyptolichvinella spiralis (Jones & Kirkby, 1884) Glyptolichvinella spiralis (3 of 4) 1884 Kirkbya spiralis sp. nov.; T. R. Jones & J. W. Kirkby, Berwickshire Nat. Club. Hist., 10, (1882-1884), 323, pi. 2, figs. 12, 13. 1885 Kirkbya spiralis, Jones & Kirkby; T. R. Jones & J. W. Kirkby, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., ser. 5, 15, 184, pi. 3, fig. 11. •1978 Glyptolichvinella spiralis (Jones & Kirkby, 1884); E. Robinson, in Bate, R. H. & Robinson, J. E. (eds.), A Stratigraphical Index of British Ostracoda, Geol. J. Spec. Issue, 8, 138, pi. 5, fig. 4. table 2. Type specimens: Apparently are lost. British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I 2554, identified (slide information) as primary types of Kirkbya spiralis Jones & Kirkby and “ Leperditia subrecta, Portlock”, consist of two rock chips with many leperditiid specimens but none of Kirkbya spiralis. Under present knowledge of the species, it is premature to designate a neotype. Lower Carboniferous (Dinantian) limestone on the coast near Randerstone, Fifeshire, Scotland. British Museum (Nat. Hist.), OS 7384 (9 car.: PI. 14, 140, fig. 3), I 1719 (pars ) (cf car.: PI. 14, 140, fig. 1), I 1719 (pars ) (9 car.: PI. 14, 140, fig. 2; PI. 14, 142, figs. 1, 2). OS 7384 is from Megg’s Linn (Lower Asbian, Dinantian), Lewisburn, North Tyne, Northumberland, England; approx, lat. 55° 10'N, long. 2° 20'W. Specimens I 1719 are from Lower Carboniferous (Dinantian) “Calcareous Sandstone Series, at Linnhouse Water, Linlithgowshire”, Scotland; approx, lat. 56° N, long. 3° 40' W. I 1719 contains six carapaces (two figured herein). Glyptolichvinella species with spiral ridge along entire margin which at midlength of dorsum runs anteroventrally and then parallels anterior, ventral, posterior and posterodorsal margins, terminating just behind the adductorial sulcus. Separate longitudinal ridge on lateral surface bends below adductorial sulcus. Anterior straguloid process weak. Adult females with five (perhaps more or less) oval to circular egg compartments in each valve. Surface granulose. Along with the report of Lundin & Visintainer (Stereo-Atlas Ostracod Shells, 14 (33), 143-148, 1987) on G. ovicella, this is the first report of egg compartments in the domatium of females of this genus. Only 7 specimens (carapaces) of G. spiralis have been available to me. All are damaged and the 3 illustrated here provide impressions of the species only in the lateral views shown. Known from Lower Carboniferous (Visean) of Scotland and England (see Robinson, 1978, op. cit.) Reported also from the Lower Carboniferous of the USSR (see Gurevich, 1966, op. cit.). Support from College Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State Univ. is gratefully acknowledged. Diagnosis: Remarks: Distribution: Acknowledgement: Explanation of Plate 14, 142 Fig. 1, 2, 9 car- (BMNH I 1719, [pars], 800/xm long); fig. 1, ext. rt. lat.; fig. 2 ext. rt. lat. (median and mid-anterior areas). Scale A (200/u.m; x 88), fig. 1; scale B (50/u.m; x 164), fig. 2. Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 140 Glyptolichvinella spiralis (2 of 4) Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14 (33) 143-148 (1987) Glyptolichvinella ovicella (1 of 6) 595.337.3 (113.45) (941 : 163.127.21) : 551.351 Holotype: Type locality: Derivation of name: Diagnosis: Figured specimens: ON GLYPTOLICHVINELLA OVICELLA LUNDIN & VISINTAINER sp. nov. by Robert F. Lundin & Linda M. Visintainer (Arizona State University, Tempe, U.S.A.) Glyptolichvinella ovicella sp. nov. Department of Geology, Arizona State University (ASU), no. ASU X-91; 9 car. White Hill no. 1 borehole, Canning Basin, Western Australia; latitude 21° 9' 20.35"S, longitude 127° 35' 14.98"E. Holotype from interval 1520-30m below top of borehole in rocks of probable Famennian age, Devonian. Other figured and studied specimens from samples ranging from 1080-2890m below top of borehole. Latin ovum, egg, and cella, chamber; referring to the presence of egg compartments. Glyptolichvinella species with one ridge paralleling the margin and a longitudinal ridge approximately at midheight which bends below S2. Females with distinct domatium having three to six separate egg compartments in each valve. Department of Geology, Arizona State University (ASU), nos. X-91 (holotype, 9 car.: PI- 14, 144, fig. 1; PI. 14, 146, fig. 7), X-97 (9 car.: PI. 14, 144, fig. 2), X-93 (9car.: PI. 14, 144, fig. 3), X-92 (tecnomorphic car.: PI. 14, 146, figs. 1, 2), X-100 (9 car.: PI. 14, 146, fig. 3), X-94 (9 car.: PI. 14, 146, fig. 6), X-99 (9 car.: PI. 14, 146, fig. 5), X-98 (9 car.: PI. 14, 146, fig. 4). All specimens from the type locality but from various stratigraphic levels (see Type locality). Explanation of Plate 14, 144 Fig. 1, 9 car., ext. It. lat. (holotype, ASU X-91, 600/xm long); fig. 2, 9 car., ext. It. lat. (ASU X-97, 730)am long); fig. 3, 9 car., ext. rt. lat. (ASU X-93, 660/u.m long). Scale A (200/um; x 86), fig. 1; scale B (200/u.m; x 76), fig. 2; scale C (200/u.m; x 84), fig. 3. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 145 Glyptolichvinella ovicella (3 of 6) Remarks: Glyptolichvinella ovicella is readily distinguished from G. spiralis (= Kirkbya spiralis Jones & Kirkby, 1884; see Jones & Kirkby, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., 5, 15, 184, 1885) by differences in the lateral ridges, and from G. nodosovidera Crasquin, 1983 (see Crasquin, Ann Soc. Geol. Nord. CI1, 191-204, 1983) by differences in the lateral ridges and by the absence of eye tubercles. This is the first report of separate compartments to house eggs for this genus. Lundin (see Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 14 (32), 139-142, 1987) reports similar egg compartments in the type-species, G. spiralis (Jones & Kirkby, 1884) and we conclude, therefore, that this is a generic character which needs to be verified in other species of the genus. The number of egg compartments per valve varies from three to six and no carapace studied has more than eleven or fewer than six. Normally the number of egg compartments in each valve of a carapace is equal, but in some cases the right valve has one more compartment than the left valve. There is no systematic change in the number of egg compartments per specimen through the 1810m-interval from which the studied specimens were derived. Except for one adult tecnomorphic left valve and one juvenile tecnomorphic right valve, all specimens studied are complete carapaces. We cannot, therefore, definitively demonstrate the existence of a limen in the females. An exterior depression at the anteroventral edge of the domatium suggests a limen is present. The presence of a well-developed anterior straguloid process and the morphology of the contact margin and hinge of the two isolated valves available for study further indicate that Glyptolichvinella is a typical platycope ostracode. Explanation of Plate 14, 146 Fig. 1, tecnomorphic car. ext. rt. lat. (ASU X-92, 580/xm long); fig. 2, tecnomorphic car., ext. dors. (ASU X-92, 580/Lrm long); fig. 3, 9 car., ext. It. lat. (ASU X-100, 640/xm long); fig. 4, 9 car., ext. It. lat. (ASU X-98, 640/u.m long); fig. 5, 9 car., ext. rt- *at- (ASU X-99, 660/u.m long); fig. 6, 9 car., ext. dors. (ASU X-94, 850/u.m long); fig. 7, 9 car., ext. vent, (holotype, ASU X-91, 600/i.m long). Scale A (200/u.m; x 96), figs. 1, 2; scale B (200/um; x 81), fig. 3; scale C (200/um x 87), fig. 4; scale D (200/um; x 86), fig. 5; scale E (200/um; x 64), fig. 6; scale F (200/um; x 91), fig. 7. Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 146 Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 144 Glyptolichvinella ovicella (2 of 6) Glyptolichvinella ovicella (4 of 6) Stereo- Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 147 Glyptolichvinella ovicella (5 of 6) Distribution: Known only from the type locality. The stratigraphic interval containing this species is certainly, in part (if not entirely), late Devonian (Frasnian and/or Famennian) but it possibly ranges into the early Carboniferous. Acknowledgments: We gratefully acknowledge the help of Lee B. Gibson, David Ford, Mobil Exploration & Producing Services, Inc. and the support of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University. Text-fig. 1 Drawings to show ornamentation and position of egg compartments in G. ovicella: a, specimen ASU X-100 (PI. 14, 146, fig. 3); b, specimen ASU X-99 (PI. 14, 146, fig. 5). Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 14, 148 Glyptolichvinella ovicella (6 of 6) 0.5 i 01 o o o E E •a * 0.4 0.3 o o o o