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-MRS. NELLY KIXZIE GORDON
Story
of
w
Chicago
In Connection with
The Printing Business
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d
Ere in time Uis lost, and memory fail to trace^ We^ll hy the printinj art ourselves on record place; That to future ages and our children may he knoivn^ How from small beginnings the printing art has grown
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Chicago: REGAN PRINTING HOUSE
1912
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We wish to give credit to the following, for much valuable information:
Andrea^s History of Chicago
John KinziC; by Eleanor Lytle Klnzie Gordon
Biographical Series, Illinois State Historical Society
«
1
1 ■ I 1 • . • -I
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Respectfully and appreciatively
dedicated to
Oldest surviving native
of Cliicago
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PREFACE
Many histories of Chicago have been written
and numerous sketches have appeared in news- papers, periodicals and magazines, but to the writer's knowledge none has taken up the printing industry in its relationship to the city's advance- ment. This is the justification for this little book. It has been the endeavor to put into narrative form as much as a subject of this character would permit, the matter of sta- tistics liavino; been eliminated to a preat extent,
leaving this to other hands to place before the business man.
It was conceived by the writer, who has spent the best portion of his life in the printing business right here in Chicago, that it might prove of interest, if not to the general reader, at least to the printer, to have a record of the times preced- ing the reader's connection vrith the trade and have conveyed to his mind the origin of the present-day business which from small begin- nings has in so short a time grown to such gigantic proportions.
This work does not claim historical merit, but it is gotten up by one who has ever taken an
affectionate interest in the art of printing, as well as all that pertains thereto, and who has
7
8
Prrfarr
observed its growth for many years in the city of his choice — Chicago.
The author has felt it to be a large subject and one that has demanded considerable research, for although it is but a brief period, almost within the memory of some now living, that this history has been made, yet the events have so crowded themselves one upon another that it has been difficult to decide what to retain and what to discard. There was so much to say on every subject touched upon, but in a story it is expected that one should be interesting, otherwise it would lose zest in the telling and prove disappointing to the reader.
The writer is under great obligations to Mr. M. H. Madden for much valuable information and assistance, as well as to many other valued friends.
The Author.
1
1
^torg
0f
dljtrago
Fort Dearborn.
are always interested
after beco
a community has
me
promment
m
tracmg its history in the endeavor to discover, as
were, the source
greatness,
and
of the
mind is never satisfied until the foundation of
historv has been ex- plored. It is not the intention of this work
to go into too much detail, but rather to
briefly tell the
story concernmg one
of
the
greatest cities of modern times, and that, princi- pally, in connection with the printing business, which has assisted in devel
1 o
no triflino^ de«^ree in
|)mg
a small country village, or rather a small settlement, into one of the largest and
our
most
important
commercial centers
of
country.
The first authentic information we have of Chicago is derived from an account given by La Salle, who visited this part of the country in
9
1
10 ^targ of CfIl|uago
the winter of 1681-82, and up to the year 1804 it seems to have been wholly occupied by Indians with the exception of some soldiers who were ordered to Chicago in 1803 and who were directed to build a fort.
It was in the Spring of 1804 that John Kinzie purchased ])r()perty in Chicago, and with his wife and infant son came here to reside. On his arrival he moved into an old cabin built by Le ]\lai, a French trader, which he gradually enlarged and imj^roved until as years rolled by it was transformed into a comfortable dwelling, the only home of a white settler in Chicago for many years. This house stood on the north side of the Chicago river, where it bent to the south, so that from its piazza the Indian canoes could be seen going down and into the lake, at the foot of what is now ]\Iadison street. Here Mr. Kinzie lived until late in 1827, except, during the four vears from the summer of 1812 to the summer or fall of 1816 — the time intervening between the destruction and rebuilding: of Fort Dearborn.
John Kinzie, who is justly called the "Father of Chicago," was born in Quebec about the year 1763. He early became an Indian trader.
Kinzie came to this new location in the prime of life, strong, active and intelligent, his manner sobered by experience, but his heart kindly and generous. He was beloved by the Indians, and his influence over them was very great. He was acknowledged to be the Indian's friend, and
#Uirg of (!Il?ira90
11
through many fearful scenes of danger he and his family moved unscathed.
JOHN II. KINZIE
The esteem in which John Kinzie was held by the Indians is shown by the treaty made with the Pottawatomies, Sept. 20, 1828, the year of his
12
^tnn| of Qll^tragn
death, by one provision
'*to Elenor Kinzie and her four children by the
)v which the tribe gave
JULIETTE A. KINZIE
late John Kinzie, $3,500.00 in consideration of the attachment of the Indians to her deceased
B>tora nf dliirago
13
husband, who was long an Indian trader and who lost a large sum in the trade by the credits
given them and
also
by the destruction of his
property. The money is in lieu of a tract of
land which the Indians
Kinzie long since and
gave
the late John
up
on which he lived.
55
OLD FORT DEARBORN, ERIX'TED IN 1803
For several years of its early existence Chicago was simply Fort DearI)orn and the
trading With
establishment and home of John Kinzie.
the exception of tliis house there was nothing but
a few huts inhabited bv half-breeds and the
wigwams
of
le Pottawatomies. In this house
Ellen Marion Kinzie was born December, 1804.
In
the
month
of
August,
1795,
General
Anthony Wayne, called by the Indians, '*The Tempest," terminated the war that had raged in
1
14 ^tnrg nf djirago
the Northwest for a number of years by a treaty of peace. By this treaty the Indians ceded to the
United States a number of tracts of land, among
others ''one piece of land six miles square, at the mouth of the Chicago river emptying into the southwest end of Lake INIichigan where a fort formerly stood." What this fort was, or whom erected, is now a matter of conjecture. It was not garrisoned.
In July, 1803, a company of United States soldiers, under the command of Captain John Whistler, arrived at the Chicago river, and during that summer built what has since been known as le first Fort Dearborn, named after General Henry Dearborn, at that time Secretary of War. This fort stood on the south side of the Chicago river at the bend where the river turned to enter Lake Michigan. It had two block houses, one on the southeast corner and the other at the northwest. Three pieces of light artillery com- prised the armament of the fort.
The ^Massacre of Fort Dearborn.
On the evening of the 14th of August, 1812, Black Partridge, one of the most noted Potta- watomie chiefs, and who was always friendly to the whites, entered the fort and proceeded to Captain Heald's quarters, who was in command.
''Father," he said, "I come to deliver up to you
the medal I wear. It was given me by the
Americans, and I have long worn it in token of
#tflrg of (ill|tra90 15
our mutual friendship. But our young men are resolved to imbrue their hands in the blood of the
whites. I cannot restrain them, and I will not
wear a token of peace while I am compelled to act as an enemy."
The Indians held a council and resolved on the destruction of the garrison. With heroic forti- tude and constancy the officers made their final arrangements for evacuation and departure for Detroit, as commanded by General Hull, to which city they had instructions to proceed by
land.
At 9 o'clock on the morning of the 15tli of August, all being in readiness, the gates of the fort were thrown open for the last time and the march commenced. In accordance with Indian custom and in premonition of his fate. Captain Wells had blackened his face. W'itli fifteen of
his Miami braves, whom he supposed to be trustv, he led the advance, another fifteen brino^- mg up the rear. The women and children were in wagons or on horseback. Brave John Kinzie determined to accompany the troops, hoping that his presence would be the means of restraining the Indians. Intrustino: his familv to the care of Indian friends to be taken around the head of the lake in a boat to a point near St. Joseph, Mich., he marched out with the troops. He was warned
several friendly chiefs not to accompany the soldiers, but he was determined to do all in power to bring some restraining influence possible to bear on the savages. The strains of
^ 3
16
^tnrg uf €I|tra90
1
music as the soldiers passed beyond the gates were certainly not enlivening. By some strange and weird choice of the })andmaster, who waS: among the killed, the ''Dead ^Nlarch" was played as the soldiers filed out from the protection of the fortification, on to the open plain. Scarcely had
FORT UEARBORX, AS REBUILT IN 1816
Along the lake shore ran a beaten Indian trail, which was the path pursued. Westward of this, at about one hundred yards distant, com- mencing perhaps a quarter of a mile from the fort, a sand bank or range of sand hills separated
the lake
rom
the
prairie. When the troops started, an escort of iixe hundred Pottawatomies accompanied them, but when the sand hills were reached the Indians struck out toward
prairie instead of keepin
o*
to
along
the the beach.
4 t
the troops de|)arted when the fort became a > scene of pi uncle ring.
/*
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#turg of (Ulytragn 17
Concealing their movements behind the san hills, they hurried forward and placed an ambus- cade in readiness for the troops.
The little band had marched about a mile and a half when Captain Wells, who had led the advance, came riding swiftly back saying that the
Indians were about to open an attack from behind the sand banks. The company charged up the bank, firing one round, which the Indians returned. The savages getting in upon the rear, were soon in possession of the horses, provisions and baggage, slaughtering many of the women and children in the attempt. iVgainst fearful odds, and hand to hand, the officers and the men, and even the women fought for their lives.
But it was soon over. Drawing his little remnant of survivors off an elevation on the open prairie, out of range. Captain Heald, himself wounded, proceeded to survey the situation. The Indians did not follow, but after some consultation of the chiefs, made signs for Captain
Heald to approach them. He advanced alone and met Blackbird who promised to spare their lives if they would surrender. Upon these terms Captain Heald complied with the demand. The
surrender was made to Lieutenant Helm who was
also severely wounded. Of the whole number that had left the fort but an hour before, there remained only twenty-five non-commissioned officers and privates and eleven women and children.
The force had consisted of fifty-four privates and two officers. There were also twelve militia-
**#-
18 #tiirg nf €I|iraga
men. Many of the regulars were sick and alto- gether there were not probably more than forty able-bodied fighting men. With them were
about a dozen women and children. Opposed to
these few men were from four hundred to five hundred Indians, whose loss was about fifteen.
Mrs. Helm, the daughter of Mrs. Kinzie had a narrow esca])e from death. Assaulted by a young Indian she avoided the blow of his toma- hawk, and then seized him around the neck trying to get possession of his scalj)ing knife. While struggling in this way for her life, she was dragged from his grasp by another and older
Indian, who bore her struggling to the lake,
wherein he ])lunged her, but with her head above water. Seeing that it was not the Indian's object to drown her, she looked at him earnestly and found him to be Black Partrido-e who was tryin^): to save her life. After the firing had ceased she was later conducted to a place of safety.
Mrs. Helm's account of her rescue, given in her own words, was as follows:
a ri^
The troops behaved most gallantly. They were but a handful, but they seemed resolved to
sell their lives as dearly as possible. Our horses
pranced and bounded, and could hardly be
restrained as the balls whistled among them.
drew off a little and gazed upon my husband and father, who were yet unharmed. I felt that my hour was come and endeavored to forget
those I loved and prepare myself for my ap- proaching fate.
?f-
K'
^tory of Qltjtragn 19
*'At this moment a young Indian raised his tomahawk at me. By springing aside I partially
avoided the blow, which was intended for my skull, but which alighted on my shoulder.
seized him around the neck, and while exerting my utmost efforts to get possession of his scalping knife, which hung in a scabbard over his breast, I was dragged from his grasp by another and older Indian. The latter bore me, struggling, and resisting toward the lake.
'*I was immediately plunged into the water and held there with a forcible hand notwithstand-
ing my resistance. I soon perceived, however, that the object of my captor was not to drown me, for he held me firmly in such a position as to place my head above water. This reassured me, and regarding him attentively, I soon recognized, in spite of the paint with which he was disguised, the Black Partridge.
''When the firing had nearly subsided my preserver bore me from the water and conducted me up the sand banks. It was a burning August morning, and walking through the sand in my drenched condition was inexpressibly painful and fatiguing. I stooped and took off my shoes
to free them from the sand with which they were nearly filled, when a squaw seized and carried
them oft*, and I was obliged to proceed without them.
When we had gained the prairie, I was met by my father, who told me that my husband was safe and but slightly wounded. They led me
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20 #torg flf (UljtragD
gently back towards the Chicago river, along the southern bank of which was the Pottawatomie encampment. At one time I was placed upon a horse without a saddle, but finding: the motion
insupportable, I sprang off. Supported partly by my conductor, Black Partridge, and partly by another Indian, Pee-so-tum, who held dang- Hng in his hand a scalp, which, by the black ribbon around the queue, I recognized as that of
.■ J
Captain Wells, I dragged my fainting steps to one of the wigwams.
**The wife of Wau-be-nee-mah, a chief from the Illinois river, was standing near and seeing my exhausted condition, she seized a kettle, dipped up some water from a stream that flowed near, threw into it some ma})le sugar, and stirring it up with her hand, gave it to me to drink. This act of kindness, in the midst of so many horrors, touched me most sensibly, but my attention was soon diverted to other objects.
"As the noise of the firing grew gradually less, and the stragglers from the victorious party came dropping in, I received confirmation of what my father had hurriedly communicated in our encounter on the lake shore, viz.: That the whites had surrendered after the loss of about two-thirds of their number. They had stipulated, through the interpreter, Peresh Leclerc, for the preservation of their lives and those of the re- maining women and children and for their delivery at some of the British posts, unless ransomed by traders in the Indian country.
4 -m
/ /
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^tiirg of Olljtraga 21
4
It appears that the wounded prisoners were not considered included in the stipulation and a horrid
scene ensued upon their being brought to camp
An old squaw, infuriated by the loss of friends, or excited by the sanguinary scenes
around her, seemed possessed by a demoniacal ferocity. She seized a stable fork and assaulted one miserable victim, who lay groaning and writhing in the agony of his wounds, aggravated by the scorching beams of the sun. With a delicacy of feeling scarcely to have been expect- ed under such circumstances, Wau-be-nee-mah stretched a mat across two poles between me and this dreadful scene. I was thus spared in some
degree a view of its horrors, although I could
not entirely close my ears to the cries of the sufferer. The following night five more of the wounded prisoners were tomahawked."
(Mrs. Helm is represented by the female figure in the bronze group at the foot of Eighteenth street, donated to the city of Chicago by the late George M. Pullman, to commemorate the mas- sacre.)
The day following the massacre the fort and agency buildings were burned to the ground and the first Fort Dearborn ceased to be.
Peace came in 1816 and it was ordered that Fort Dearborn should be rebuilt, which was done on the site of the former one, but on a larger and different plan.
What has preceded is but a brief outline of what occurred from 1681 when this portion of the
f
22 ^torg of OII|trag0
American Continent was visited by La Salle, until the first white man made his residence in 1804 up to the year 1830, when Chicago was platted as a town. Prior to this it was known as Fort Dear])orn settlement.
At this time there were thirty-two voters and some of these were not residents of Chicago, although living within the limits of the precinct and sufhcientlv near to attend the election.
Nelly Kixzik Gokdux.
The oldest native of Chicago, still surviving, is Mrs. NcIItJ Kin7,ie Gordon, now a resident of Savannah, Ga., a t>-ran(ldau<>;hter of John Kinzie,
in r>
Sr., who was at Fort Dearborn at the time of the massacre on the L5tli day of August, 1812.
In a communication announcing her intention to visit Chicao'o, ]\[rs. (Gordon writes:
Various individuals have lately claimed that they were entitled to the distinction of being Chicago antiquities because of their arrival in Chicago prior to the year 1834.
'T claim the honor of being the oldest person now living who was born in Chicago. I arrived there on June 18, 1835. ^Mr. Elijah K. Hub- bard, now residing in Middletown, Conn., was born there three weeks later. We are both older than Chicago, which was not incorporated as a citv until two vears after our birth."
To the Kinzie family Chicagoans of today are
largely indebted for whatever definite information
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■^ ,: S ■■■■ ■■ ■ .' ■ <'':'^'- '%■■ ■
■ -.^ir"
MISS NELLY KINZIE
\
24 ^tory of Olliiragn
is available concerning the great massacre. The narrative of Mrs. Juliette Kinzie, mother of Mrs. Gordon, has been generally accepted as the most complete and accurate. It was largely based
upon the statements of her mother-in-law, Mrs. John Kinzie and Mrs. Hehii, wife of the officer who enacted a prominent role in the massacre. In the year 181*2 there were only five houses at Chicago outside the fort and the garrison, and one of these was the Kinzie home. The others were occupied by the Ouilmette, Burns and Lee families, and another was located on the Lee farm, on the soutli branch. The Kinzie family, therefore, has been the custodian of a great
amount of information concerning the early history of Chicago.
These circumstances give importance to the statement by ]\Irs. Gordon — a statement that has been corroborated by many others — that the monument is not situated on the site of the old fort, but a distance west and south of it.
''The tablet is at least 200 feet south of the true spot and 100 feet west of it," writes Mrs. Gordon. ''Why, the blockhouse which I passed every day when I went to school was east of the
Rush street bridge! Mrs. Kate Snow Isham, Mrs. Eliphalet Blatchford, Mrs. Rollin Larrabee and plenty of others can su1)stantiate this. "
This statement also has been corroborated by Mrs. Alexander Beaubien, 5400 West Madison street. The Beaubien homestead was situated where now is the southwest corner of South Water street and Michigan avenue. The house
I
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^tiirij of Qllitragn 25
was sold at the land sale in June, 1839, when, in the words of a son of the old pioneer, ''the very house which his father was inhabiting, in which his family had been born and reared, and around which were the graves of his departed children, was sold from him in his old age. No wonder the citizens of Chicago held an indignation
meetmg.
?»
Mrs. Gordon's parents settled in Chicago in 1834, a year previous to her birth, her father previous to that time having had an adventure- some career in private business and as a govern- ment official. St. James' parish was organized the year they arrived in Chicago, and the Kinzies were from the first most influential and devoted members of the church. They may be con- sidered its founders. The first regular service of the church was held in a room in a wooden building standing on the corner of Wolcott (now North State), and Kinzie streets. The hall was fitted up by Mr. Kinzie, and the lots on the south- east corner of Cass and Illinois streets, where a church edifice was erected in 1836-37, were donated by him.
Mrs. Juliette A. Kinzie died in 1870 at Amagansett, N. Y., her death being caused by the mistake of a druggist, who sent her morphine instead of quinine.
For several years of its early existence Chicago was simply Fort Dearborn and the trading establishment of John Kinzie, save perhaps, a few huts inhabited by half-breeds and the wig-
26
^turg of Qlljirago
r
warns of the Pottawatomies. The old home, as
remem])erecl ])v John H. Kinzie, was a
a
low buildino
ith
extendino"
^ AviTii a piazza exienciing along its
long,
front, a range of four or five rooms.
broad
green s])ace was Inelosed between it and the river
of Lonil)ardy poplars.
)\
a r ( ) A\
and shaded
Two immense eottonwood trees stood in the
fine, well-enltivated
rear
of the building.
y ■■i>-'--c.\
ItKSIDENCE OF JOIIX KINZIE
garden extended to the north of the dwelling, and surrounding it were various buildings appertain-
to
the
establishment
dairv,
bakehouse,
lodging-house for the Frenehmen and stables."
The home of Mr. and INIrs. John H. Kinzie was on the northwest eorner of Cass and Mich-
igan streets and the generous hospitality of both host and hostess was proverbial. Mr. Kinzie left a widow. There were seven children, six sons, three of whom died in childhood and a daughter
pi
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Btoryi of OIljirag0 27
(Nelly Kinzie). One son, John, who was three years the junior of Nelly Kinzie, was also born in Chicago. He served in the navy and was killed on the gunboat, Mound City, in an engagement at White River in the summer of 1862.
In conversation with one who well remembered Miss Kinzie in her younger days, he describes her as a most charming and vivacious young lady, who at that time turned the heads of all the avail- able young men of Chicago; and he mentioned that she had a good word for them all.
The engraving shown is taken from a painting
by George P. A. Healy in 1850, when Miss Kinzie was a young giri. The one showing
Mrs. Nelly Kinzie Gordon was made from a photograph taken in 1908. (The Frontispiece).
Incorporation as a City.
In 1837 an act incorporating the City of
Chicago was passed and the election of the first city officers under the act was held on the first Tuesday oP the May foil
From this time the growth of the City of Chicago has been phenomenal, its population in 1840 being 4,479 and in 1870, thirty years aft
it had increased to 298,977, and as given by the last census, 1910, it is conceded to have a population of 2,185,283.
The original town of Chicago in 1835 extended from Chicago avenue on the north to Twelfth street on the south, and from Halsted street on
28 #t0rg of €lftra5n
the west to Lake Michigan on the east. When the city was incorporated in 1837 its Hmits were as follows: From Lake Michigan west along Center street to North Clark street, south to North avenue, west to Wood street, south to Twenty-second street and east to the lake. The largest addition to the area of the city was made in 1889 when Lake View, Jefferson, Hyde Park and the Town of Lake were annexed. Edison Park was annexed Nov. 8th, 1910.
The extension of Chicago's area is also great. In 1833 the Original Town was 2.550 square miles, while today the City of Chicao^o covers a territory of not less than 191.325 square miles, and contains within its limits 2,180 miles of rail- road track. It is the greatest railway center in the world, being the terminal of thirty-two main trunk lines having an aggregate mileage of 98,632 miles or a little less than 50 per cent of the mileage of the United States, besides fourteen switching and freight roads having a mileage of 1,0G3 miles. Chicago is the absolute terminus for all these roads. The number of passenger trains arriving and departing from this city daily is 1,594 and the number of freight trains is about 300.
The lake tonnage of the port of Chicago was in 1911 greater than the combined foreign tonnage of the ports of Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Galveston and San Francisco.
In receipts of grain and flour at the principal lake and river ports Chicago takes first place, with more than 291,000,000 bushels.
^Uirg of (lll|tra90 29
Chicago in many respects is a marvelous city and is regarded as such by the world in general. Its rapid advancement from a village containing but a few scattered homes, less than seventy-five years ago, to a city of such magnitude that today it numbers more than two millions of population is believed to be without a counterpart in the history of the world.
The Great Fire.
No story of Chicago Avculd be complete without a short account of the great fire of 1871, and nothing can prove more interesting than the state- ments of eye witnesses of that scene, and by these accounts and what history has proved, it stands today as one of the most appalling visitations which the world had ever experienced. There were seventy-three miles of streets burned and the total loss of property could not have been less than $200,000,000.00. The Custom House, the Court House, the Postoffice, the Chamber of Commerce and the great business blocks, the banks, the theaters and the newspaper offices, all went down together in the awful conflagration. We can form some conception of the extent of the buildings and property destroyed by the space burned over — which, on the West Side, embraced one hundred and twenty-four acres; South Side, four hundred and sixty acres; North Side, one thousand four hundred and seventy acres; making a total area of two thousand one hundred
30 Btor^ at (Elitraga
and twenty-four acres, or nearly three and a half square miles, being about four miles in length and from one to one and a half in width. The num- ber of buildings destroyed was seventeen thous- and four hundred and fifty, and nearly one hundred thousand persons were left homeless.
The conflagration of 1871 wiped out the old Chicago that had been built prior to that time, and from its ashes arose a city of such propor- tions and such grandeur as the world previously had never seen. At the time of its destruction it
was looked upon as one of the greatest calamities
visited upon mankind, but the ultimate efi^ect was to direct the eyes of the world upon it and make it the jNIecca of thousands of venturesome spirits, so that it attracted men from every clime, men of towerino; aml)iti()n and enero-v; men with
f-> ^ r>
means and those without means, but of unrivaled skill, to assist in placing it where it stands today, the cynosure of all eyes and the point of attraction for innumeral)le great enterprises.
The massiveness of its buildings is what strikes the eye, and is the wonder of every visitor, and especially is this so when they learn of the difficulty of securing an adequate foundation for such stupendous structures. These structures are built upon the solid rock which lies under- neath Chicago and at no inconsiderable depth, and are constructed in such a way as to with- stand the inroads of time and to 2'uard against as
much as possible a second destruction by fire. A great portion of the buildings of this city that
{
^turg at (Etjirago 31
were hurriedly erected after the fire of 1871 have since that time outgrown their usefulness and are giving place to those of larger and more modern construction.
The following is an extract from The Chicago
Tribune of Sunday, October 8, the last issue before the office was destroyed. It is said to be one of the best descriptions of the scene now
accessible:
" Only a few minutes elapsed after the striking of the alarm before the flames were seen sweej)ing to the sky, and the lurid light that illuminated the horizon grew more and more powerful, casting its brilliant rays in every direction, ])ringing out in bold relief the fronts of the buildino-s which
faced it from all quarters. The wind, seemmg to rise as the flames did, set from the Southwest, carrying with it in its onward rush streains of sparks, cinders and partially burned pieces of wood, which covered the sky with dazzling spangles, sweeping northwestward like a flight of meteors, but falling steadily in a flery shower of rain, over that broad area embraced between the river, the South Branch, Wells street and Jackson street; the lighter ones goiu"^ far over on the North Division, while the heavier and more dangerous ones fell before they reached that point. They dropped with great force to the ground, to the occasional danger of the foot passenger and the frightening of horses, and showered upon roofs of buildings, inspiring constant fear that other conflagrations would
\ ,
32 ^tor^ of (Etjtra0o
break out, and that a terribly broad area would
be covered by the flames, and put it out of the power of the engines to comljat them.
Late as it was, the splendor of the flames
the wonderful brilliancy of the sky were such as to attract enormous crowds from every quarter. The densely populated sections of the West Division lying near the fire would have, of itself, l)een sufficient to choke up the surrounding streets with an impassable crowd; but as the fi
d no sio'ns of al)atino' thev came from
)n"'" w. .vr,......^
greater and greater distances, forcing their way down Clinton street, in the center of which near Adams, Avere half a dozen isolated street cars utterly unable to get back to their stables. The crowd made its wav down Jackson street, near where the fire began, and stopped there, caring
nothing for the smouldering ruins which lay beyond that point. ''^ '^ "^ At first
the concourse was all from the West Side; but, as time passed on, they Ijegan to come from across the water until the blazing viaduct and the police made Adams street bridge impassable. Then they swept in a solid mass over Madison street bridge, meeting as they crossed the returning
stream of those who had satisfied their curiosity felt it inadvisable to stay there after 12 o'clock
bridge and the approach on Mad street were covered with men and women — alone and together — who found there a favorable point for watching the flames, while they were generally out of range of the falling cinders. The viaduct
i
Btotyi of flllytra00 33
on Adams street, with its blazing woodwork, stood out in bold relief, and beyond and under- neath it, nothing but a wild whirlwind of flames, obscured for a moment by bursts of smoke, but reappearing the next with added brilliancy. The fire burned down close to the river, and impelled eastward by the wind, seemed to one on the bridge to have almost reached across the water, and to have partially consumed that as well as the more combustible material on which it was really feeding. Above the sound of the con- flagration occasionally rose the scream of the
I engines, or the thunder of the falling beams and
tumbling houses. The sharp smell of smoke filled the air with its oppressive odor.
**On the west side of Clinton street, from Jackson to Adams, were the relics of the house- hold goods of the people who had been living on the east side of the street; sometimes piled on drays and wagons, but generally piled upon the sidewalk, after the adjoining houses had proved too small to hold them. Their frayed and di- lapidated condition testified to the haste with which they had been carried away. On, and around them, were their unfortunate possessors, who were awakened from their slumber to flee for their lives.
The spectators who were near Jackson street could look eastward across a weltering sea of fire, through which black and desolate ran Jackson
street, like some road cuttino^ throuHi the infernal
fe — --t,
regions. From wrecks of buildings, from rapidly
34 Btoryi of Qlijtragd
consumino' lumber piles, and more slowly but more steadily burnino- coal heaps, rose thousands of jets of flame, whirling up with them pillars of
ke, or the slender masts and blazing rigging
of some vessel in the river. So grand and so novel was the spectacle, that these poor men and women who stood shelterless did not wail moan, and hug their babies to their breasts, as is the usual custom at such calamities, but stood in dazed and duml) amazement staring straight before them. They did not stop to see what they had lost, or what few trifles had been saved, l>ut Avatched, as if in admiration, the fearful fascinat- ing scene.
Furtlier north on the street, the efforts of the firemen and tlie eastward tendency of the wind had preserved the houses facing west on Clinton street — the southern ones being mere shells, but the condition improving as one went northward. The buildings were all much scorched, however, and rendered uninhabitable by fire and water. But thouoh these somber and for])iddino: lookincr tenements generally barred the view, yet, through alleys and occasionally breaks in the buildings, one could get a glimpse into the furnace which lay beyond, as if one were eazinp' into the portals of
hell." ^
IMrs. Alfred Hebard, one of the guests at the Palmer House on the night of the Chicago fire, narrated the following:
'* Journeying from New London, Conn., with my husband and daughter to our home in Iowa,
k^
g>targ of dlitrago 35
it was found necessary, as often before, to spend Sunday in Chicago, and all through the weary hours of October 8th, 1871, we were enjoying pleasant anticipations of rest and comfort so sure to be found at the Palmer House. Arriving late, and leaving most of our baggage at the Union Depot, we were soon comfortably established at the hotel, which seemed almost like a home to us. The wind was high on Sunday morning, and kept increasing; and as we walked to church covering our faces from the dust, my husband remarked, *How fortunate the fire was last nioht instead of today. '
''Returning from an evening service, we were told that another fire had broken out in the western part of the city, and was |)rogressing rapidly. We immediately took the elevator to the upper story of the Palmer, saw the fire, but deciding that it would not cross the river descend- ed to our rooms in the second story to prepare for sleep. Husband and daughter soon retired; remained up to prepare for the morrow's journey, and thus gain a little time for shopping before the departure of the train at eleven a. m. Feeling somewhat uneasy, I frequently opened the blinds, and each time found the light in the streets increased, until every spire and dome seemed illuminated. I aroused my husband asking him to go out and investigate once more, which he did, telling me, on his return, not to be alarmed, as there was no danger in our locality. About eleven p. m. I retired, but could not sleep, and it
'
ft- «
36 ^torg nf (i(II?trag0
seemed not more than an hour before there was a rapping at every door, and finally at ours, to which my husband responded very cooly, 'What's wanted?' 'Fire, sir,' was the answer, and the same moment we were on our feet. Our daughter was awakened, toilets soon made, and
no time wasted in gathering together bags and
shawls, ready for departure. By this time my
husband who had stepped out to reconnoiter, returned, saying that everyone was stirring, and that he saw gentlemen dragging their own trunks down the stairs. The clerk at the office assured him there was no immediate danger, but they thought it well enough to be prepared.
"Then we once more all went to the seventh story, looked in vain for any evidence that the fire was decreasing, returned to our rooms, picked up our parcels, including the trunk (for no porters were to be found), descended to the office, paid our bill, and sat down to watch and wait. Finally leaving our daughter in charge of
the baggage, I went with my husband to the street, and around to the rear of the building where the fire was distinctly visible, and appar- ently only two blocks from us. Within the house the peifect quiet had astonished us — every man taking care of his own, silently and rapidly, few words being spoken; only some ladies, unaccompanied b}^ gentlemen, consulting to-
gether in whispers what they should do if com- pelled to leave the house. Outside we found confusion; Irish women, with bedding upon their
t
J
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t
^tury af (H^lcn^a 37
shoulders, crying noisily; children following as
best they might; and all going — they knew not whither — only away from their burning homes. Evidently the Palmer House was in great danger, and it was better to leave it now than wait; but how to remove our baggage was the next question. Once we thought we had secured a cart or wagon, but no sooner was the trunk thrown on than it was pulled off again by some one claiming a prior right, and we were glad to accept the service of two boys, who, for sufficient compen- sation, agreed to carry it between them, and thus we sallied forth, a little before one a. m., to reach, if possible, the house of my relative, Mr. G. Hubbard, on LaSalle street, a long mile and a half from the hotel. Our boys ran at full speed, and we followed crossing: State street bridp-e, amid
^ ^^.v.v. ^..v.v.. .^..v.j^
ii
a shower of coals driven by the furious wind from burning buildings and lumber yards, and which seeming to be caught by an eddy, were whirled in our faces.
The crowd thickened every moment; women with babies and bundles, men w^ith kegs of beer — ■ all jostling, scolding, crying or swearing; and we were thankful to turn from this o-reat thorouo:li- fare to a more quiet street, calling to the boys to slacken their speed and give us a chance to breathe. It must have been 1 :30 a. m. when we reached Mr. Hubbard's, thankful that we had, as we supposed, found a place of safety. We dismissed our boys with $10 for their services, and ringing for admission, were met at the door by
^
38 #ttirg of (Uliiragn
our friends, who were all astir — less on account of apprehension for their own safety than a desire to he]p others. Soon other friends of the family began to arrive, some already homeless, until the rooms were filled.
a rr^
riie fire meanwhile was coming nearer, and just as we began in earnest to pack necessary things for removal, the gas works were destroyed and candles had to be resorted to. Everyone thought that house might be saved, standing as it did on a corner and disconnected from every other buildino^, but we worked on throuo^h the
night ])rej)aring for the worst, and running often to the garret to see if the worst was not over. In the early morning men came, tore up carpets to cover the roof, draining both cisterns to keep
the carpets wet, hoping if possible to stop the
fire at that corner. Oh! hoAv they w^orked.
The thoughtful family provided refreshments as long as it was possible, and when all supplies were exhausted the men labored on — panting and parched with thirst — drinking the very dregs of the cistern water, from tubs in the kitchen, as they passed through. All said, "This house will not burn," but they mio-ht as w^ell have tried to
quench Vesuvius. The heat increased, w^ooden block near by flashed into flames and at 11a. m. the corner was blazing and we were obliged to go out through the alley to escape the heat and cinders, but where to go we could not tell. From this point it is impossible for me to
describe the course of our wanderings. I only
i 4
11
^turg uf (flhtrago 39
know that we crossed to the west side of the river
and reached some depot — I think the North- western— in season to see the train departing, but hearing that a train on the Chicago, BurHng- ton and Quincy Raih'oad would leave about 3 p. m., we again set forth. It was a weary march of manv miles after leavino; LaSalle street. Exhausted and footsore we often sat on tlie door- steps and curbstones to rest — drank beer at the street corners, and finally at a little station in the outskirts of the city, in company with the refugees like ourselves, we patiently waited for the departure of the tram for x\urora, wliere we passed the night. Strange to say, we lost nothing by the fire, the baggage at the Union Depot was all moved and protected — the few things at Mr. Ilubl^ard's were not stolen like some of theirs, but were all carefully restored to us."
The Parks and Boulevards.
Chicago today has the most beautiful parks in the world, many of them laid out years ago with a lavish hand as to size and have been improved with rare skill and care, until they present a scene of loveliness unsurpassed. They are the breath- ing spots of the metr()]:)olis and thousands on Sundays, holidays and other occasions flock to these leafy bowers to enjoy the scenery and the shade of the trees and at the same time to satisfy the esthetic side of their natures by viewing the richness of the flowers. Here may be seen every
40
^tox^ of (Jilt tr ago
kind of shrub, vistas of beautiful lawns, edged and decorated with trees from almost every clime and
d
ny
of
P
autv
n-y
populated
ith
he lakes of vast ater fowl from
different parts of the world, together with aquatic plants which in their season present a scene that
cannot fail to be interesting
charms
A\
liich
GRAXT MOXU.MENT, LI^X•OLN PARK
and elevatino; to
the mind. The collection of wild animals from all parts of the world in Lin- coln Park is unsurpassed by anything of the kind anvwhere.
These parks occupy 4,428.50 acres and they are all connected by a system of boulevards which makes one of the most beautiful drives anywhere to be found, and presents a scene of life and
I
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M
♦ gayety during the summer season which is diffi-
cult to describe.
Here are to be found the largest conservatories and greenhouses for the display and cultivation of many varieties of foliage and blossoming plants that are to be seen anywhere. These present scenes of attractiveness during the winter months which draw thousands to these treasures of beauty and serve to gratify those privileged to view them, proving both interesting and in- structive to all.
In addition to the parks there are the municipal play grounds fitted up with all kinds of appliances for athletic exercises and amusement for the children of the different sections. These grounds are scattered all over the city and a large attend- ance attests their popularity. They are main- tained in good order and present a feature for the young folk which is altogether attractive. The total attendance at the municipal play grounds in 1909 was 2,396,182 and in 1910, 2,969,197.
Chicago in 1887.
Under the title of "Studies of the Great West" there appeared an article in Harper's New Monthly Magazine in May, 1888, by the late Charles Dudley Warner. This contribution is especially valuable in view of the fact that Chicago at the time it was written had not yet reached the million mark :
42 ^torij of (Ulitragn
" Chicago Is becoming modest. Perhaps the inhabitants may still be able to conceal their
%/
modesty, but nevertheless they feel it. The explanation is simple. The city has grown not only beyond the most sanguine expectations of those who indulged in the most inflated hope of its future, Ijut it has grown beyond what they said they expected. This gives the citizens
pause — as it might an eagle that laid a roc's egg.
The fact is, Chicago has become an indepen- dent oro'anism, orowino' bv a combination of
r> ' }-i &
forces and o]:>portunities beyond the contrivance
of any com])inalion of men to help or hinder, beyond the need of flaming circulars and reports
of boards of trade and ])rocess pictures. It has
])assed the danger or the fear of rivalry, and
reached the point where the growth of any other ])()rtion of the great Northwest, or of any city in it (whatever rivalry that city may show in industries or in commerce), is in some way a contribution to the power and wealth of Chicago, To them that have shall be given. Cities, under favoring conditions, for local expansion, which reach a certain amount of population and wealth, grow by a kind of natural increment, the law of attraction, very well known in human nature, which draws a person to an active city of two hundred thousand rattier than to a stagnant city of one hundred thousand. And it is a fortunate thing for civilization that this attraction is almost as strong to men of letters as it is to men of affairs. Chicago has, it seems to me, only recently
i
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<
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44 Btoryi of Qlliiragu
turned this point of assured expansion, and, as intimated, the inhabitants have hardly yet
become accustomed to this idea; but I believe that the time is near when they will be as in- different to what strangers think of Chicago as the New Yorkers are to what stran^i^ers think of New York. New York is today the only
American city free from this anxious note of provincialism — though in Boston it rather takes the form of pity for the unenlightened man who doubts its suj)eri()rity; but the impartial student of Chicago today can see plenty of signs of the sure growth of this metropolitan indifference.
And yet there is still here enough of the old Chicago stamp to make the place interesting.
It is everything in getting a point of view. Last summer a ladv of New Orleans, who had never before been out of her native French city, and who would look upon the whole North with the impartial eyes of a foreigner — and more than that, with Continental eyes — visited Chicago, and afterAvard New York. "Which city did you like best ?" I asked, without taking myself seriously in the question. To my surprise, she hesitated. This hesitation was fatal to all my preconceived notions. It mattered not thereafter which she preferred; she had hesitated. She w^as actually comparing Chicago to New York in her mind, as one might compare Paris and London. The audacity of the comparison I saw was excused by its innocence. I confess that it had never occur- red to me to think of Chicago in that Continental
#
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^tnry of (flljirago
45
''Well," she said, not seeing at all the
V 1 6i /^l • I
light.
humor of my remark, "Chicago seems to me to have finer buildings and residences, to be the more beautiful city; but of course there is more
in New York; it is a greater city; and I should prefer to live there for what I want." Tliis naive observation set me thinkincr, and I won-
dered if there was a point of view, say that of divine omniscience and fairness, in which Chi-
^ ^*
>: -
+' " _
L
^
.-■'^
r' -H
\^'^
4
mr
■^> .
f^>'-\.;
SITE OF MARSHALL FIELD'S STORE AS IT WAS IN 1839
cago would appear as one of the great cities of the world, in fact a metropolis by and by to rival in
opulation and wealth any city of the seaboard.
t has certainly better commercial advantages, so far as water communication and railways go, than Paris or Pekin or Berlin, and a territory to
supply and receive from infinitely vaster, richer, and more promising than either. This territory will have many big cities, but in the nature of things only one of surpassing importance. And
46 ^tary of €t|irago
taking into account its geographical position — a thousand miles from the AtLantic seaboard on the one side, and from the mountains on the other, with the acknowledged tendency of people and of money to it as a continental center — it seems to me that Chicago is to l)e that one.
The growth of Chicago is one of the marvels of the world. I do not wonder that it is incom-
prehensible even to those who have seen it year bv vear. As I remember it in 18G0, it was one of the shabbiest and most unattractive cities of about a hundred thousand inha])itants anywhere to be found; but even then it had more than treljled its size in ten years; the streets were mud sloughs, the sidewalks were a series of stairs and more of less rotten phuiks, half the town was in ])rocess of elevation al)()ve the tadpole level, and a considerable part of it was on wheels — the movino; house beino- aljout the onlv wheeled vehicle that could o-ct around with anv comfort to the passengers. The West Side was a strag- gling shanty-town, the North Side was a country village with two or three ''aristocratic" houses occupying a square, the South Side had not a handsome business building in it, nor a public edifice of any merit except a couple of churches, but there were a few pleasant residences on Michigan avenue fronting the encroaching lake, and on Wabash avenue. Yet I am not sure that even then the exceedingly busy and excited traders and speculators did not feel that the town was more important than New York. For it had
i h
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^tam^ of QIl|irago
47
a
great business.
Aside from its real estate operations, its trade that year was set down at $97,000,000, embracing its dealing in produce, its
wholesale supply business, and its manufacturing.
No one then, however, would have dared to predict that the value of trade in 1887 would be, as it was, $1,103,000,000. Nor could anvone
i^- ■'■■■■■
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1. _ 1
l,^-
^1. \ _
>^-^. ^
J X
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MARSHALL FIVAA) & CO.'S BUILDIXG
have believed that the population of 100,000 would reach in 1887 nearlv 800,000 (estimated
782,644), likely to reach in 1888, with the an- nexation of contio-uous villao-es that have become physically a part of the city, the amount o
900,000.
Growing at its usual rate for
seve
ral
years past, the city is certain in a couple of years to count its million of people. And there is not probably anywdiere congregated a more active
48 B>torij of Qltitragn
and aggressive million, with so great a proportion of young, ambitious blood.
In 1888 Chicago is a magnificent city. Al- though it has been incorporated fifty y^ears, dur- ing which period its accession of population has l^een rapid and steady — hardly checked by the devastatino- fires of 1871 and 1874 — its metro- politan character and appearance is the work of ess than fifteen years. There is in history no parallel to this product of a freely acting democ- racy; not St. Peters])urg rising out of the marshes at an imperial edict, nor Berlin, the magic crea- tion of a consolidated empire and a Caesar's power. The North Side village has become a city of l)road streets, running northward to the parks, lined with handsome residences inter- spersed with stately mansions of most varied and agreeable architecture, marred by very little that is bizarre and })retentious — a region of churches and clu])-liouses and public buildings of im- portance. The West Side, the largest section, and containing more population than the other two divisions coml)ined, stretching out over the prairie to a horizon fringed with villages, ex- panding in three directions, is more mediocre in buildings, but impressive in its vastness; and the stranger driving out on the stately Washington street some four miles to Garfield Park will be astonished bv the evidences of wealth and the
vigor of the city expansion.
But it is the business portion of the South Side that is the miracle of the time, the solid creation of
#txJra of (O^Ijirago
49
I'
The
energy and capital since the fire —
mile containing the Postoffice and City Half, the
square
le
giant hotels, the opera-houses and theatres,
Board of Trade Building, the many-storied offices, the great shops, the clul^-houses, the vast retail and wholesale warehouses. This area has
»
CHICAGO POST OFFICE, ISSO.
the
of
some
dvantage centres in havino: broad streets at rioht
tlier great b
but with all this
angles
pennes
movement, the
throng of passengers and traffic, the intersecting street and cable railways, the loads of freight and the crush of carriages, the life
excitement are
fficient to
tisf}
eager lover of metropolitan pandemonium
hurry an
the most
Un-
50 Btorvi tit (H^tta^a
fortunately for a clear comprehension of it, the manufactories vomit dense clouds of bituminous coal smoke, which settle in a black mass in this
part of the town, so that one can scarcely see
across the street m a damp day, and the huge buildings Icjom up in the black sky in ghostly dimness. Tlie climate of Chicago, though some ten degrees warmer than the average of its immediately tributary territory, is a harsh one, and in the short winter days the centre of the city is not only black but damp and chilly. In some of the Noveml^er and December days could, without any stretch of the imagination, fancy myself in London. On a Sunday, when business gives ])lace to amusement and religion, the stately city is seen in all its fine proportions. No other city in the Union can show business
warehouses and offices of more architectural nobility. The mind inevitably goes to Florence for comparison with the structures of the Medicean merchant princes. One might name
the Pullman Building for ofi^ces as an example.
and the wholesale warehouse of Marshall Field, the work of that truly original American archi- tect, Richardson, which in massiveness, simplicity of lines, and admirable blending of artistic beauty with adaptability to its purpose seems to
me unrivaled in this country. A few of these buildings are exceptions to the general style of architecture, which is only good of its utilitarian American kind, but they give distinction to the town, and I am sure are prophetic of the concrete
^
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51
e
form the wealth of the city will take. Th visitor is likely to be surprised at the number and size of the structures devoted to offices, and to think, as he sees some of them unfilled, that the
any given moment it
business is overdone.
At
may be, but the demand for "offices" is always
surprising to those who pay most attention to this
(
I
HELD MUSEUM
subject, and I am told that if the erection of office buildings should cease for a year the demand would pass beyond the means of satisfying it.
Leaving the business portion of the South Side, the city runs in apparently limitless broad avenues southward into suburban villages and a region thickly populated to the Indiana line. The continuous slightly curving lake front of the city is about seven miles, pretty solidly occupied
i
52 #torg of Olljtragn
with houses. The Michigan avenue of 1860, with its wooden fronts and cheap boarding-houses, has taken on quite another appearance, and extends its broad way in unbroken hues of fine residences five miles, which will be six miles
next summer, when its opening is completed to
. I
the entrance of Washington Park. I do not know such another street in the world. In the evening the converging lines of gas lamps offer a prospective of unequalled beauty of its kind. The South Parks are reached now by turning either into the Drexel Boulevard or the Grand Boulevard, a magnificent avenue a mile in length, tree-planted, gay with flower beds in the season, and crowded in the sleighing time with fast teams and fancy turnouts.
This leads me to speak of another feature of Chicago, wliicli has no rival in this country; mean the facility for pleasure driving and riding. Michigan avenue from the mouth of the river, the centre of the town, is macadamized. It and the other avenues immediately connected with the park system are not included in the city street department, but are under the care of the Commissioners of Parks. No traffic is permitted on them, and consequently they are in superb condition for driving, summer and winter. The whole length of Michigan avenue you will never see a loaded team. These roads, that is Mich- igan avenue and the others of the park system, and the park drives, are superb for driving or riding, perfectly made for drainage and per-
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Btat^ uf (U^trago 53
manency, with a top-dressing of pulverized granite. The cost of Michigan avenue drive was two hundred thousand dollars a mile. The cost of the parks and boulevards in each of the three divisions is met by a tax on the property in that division. The tax is considerable, but the wise liberality of the citizens has done for the town
what only royalty usually accomplishes — given
it magnificent roads. And if good roads are a criterion of civilization, Chicago must stand very high. But it needed a community with a great deal of dating and confidence in the future to create this park system.
One in the heart of the city has not to drive three or four miles over cobble-stones and ruts to get to good driving-ground. When he has entered Michigan avenue he need not pull rein for twenty to thirty miles. This is almost literally true as to extent, without counting the miles of fine drives in the parks. For the city proper is circled by great parks, already laid out as pleasure-grounds, tree-planted and beautified to a high degree, although they are nothing to what cultivation will make them in ten years more. On the lake shore, at the south, is Jack- son Park; next is Washington Park, twice as large as Central Park, New York; then, further to the west and north, Douglas Park and Garfield Park; then Humboldt Park, until we come around to Lincoln Park, on the lake shore on the North Side. These parks are connected by broad boulevards, some of which are not yet
■1
54
#turg of (Hljiragn
^
fully developed, thus forming a continuous park drive, w
th
sh
o u
'd Id
enough
it
enoue:
of
itect
ni
for varietv, unsurpassed
^\' ( ) r
tl
y citv limit
Washington Park, with a sliohtlv rollino- surf
i-^
and
tifi
fine drivewavs, but a splendid road set
has not onlv
part for
CORXEll MADISON AND WABASH AVENUE
horsemen. This is a dirt road,
w a \' s
well
s})rinkled, and the equestrian has a chance
besides of
a gallop
over s])rmo;v
tui-f.
Water is
now so al)undantly provided that this park is kept green in the driest season. From any- where in the south side one mav mount his horse or enter his carriage for a turn of fifteen or twenty miles on what is equivalent to a countrv road,
that is to
say
an English country
road.
Of
.
I
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BLACKSTONE HOTEL
I
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56 #tiira of diiragn
the effect of this facility on social Hfe, I shall have occasion to speak.
Almost equal facility for driving and riding is had on the North Side by taking the lake shore drive to Lincoln Park. Too inuch cannot be said of the beauty of this drive along the curving shore of an inland sea, ever attractive in the play of changing lights and colors, and beginning to be
fronted by palatial houses — a foretaste of the
coming ^ enetian variety and splendor. The park itself, dignified ])y the Lincoln statue, is an exquisite ])iece of restful landscape, looked over by a thickening assemblage of stately
residences. It is a quarter of spacious el
ne hardly knows Iioav to speak justly of either the physical aspect or the social life of Chicago, the present performance suggesting such promise and immediate change. The excited admiration waits a little upon expectation. I should like to see it in five years — in ten years; it is a formative period, but one of such excellence of execution that the imagination takes a very
igh flight in anticipating the result of anothe quarter of a century. ^Yhat other city begun so nobly or has planned so liberally for metropolitan solidity, elegance, and recreation
What other has such magnificent avenues boulevards, and such a system of parks ? The boy is born here who will see the town expanded far beyond these splendid pleasure ground what is now the circumference of the city will be to Chicago what the vernal gardens from St,
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James to Hampton are to London. This antici- pation hardly seems strange when one remembers what Chicago was fifteen years ago.
Architecturally Chicago is more interesting than many older cities. Its wealth and oppor- tunity for fine building coming when our national taste is beginning to be individual, it has escaped the monotony and mediocrity in which New York for so many years put its money, and out
of the sameness of which it is escaping in spots.
Having also plenty of room, Chicago has been able to avoid the block system in its residences, and to give play to variety and creative genius. It is impossible to do much with the interior of a house in a block, however much you may load the front with ornament. Confined to a long parallelogram, and limited as to light and air, neither comfort nor individual taste can be con- sulted or satisfied. Chicago is a city of detached houses, in the humbler quarters as well as in the magnificent avenues, and the effect is home-like and beautiful at the same time. There is great variety, stone, brick, and wood intermingled, plain and ornamental; but drive where you will m the favorite residence parts of the vast city, you will be continually surprised with the sight of noble and artistic houses and homes displaying taste as well as luxury. In addition to the business and public buildings of which I spoke, there are several, like the Art Museum, the Studebaker Building, and the new Auditorium, which would be conspicuous and admired in any
58 ^torg of Qll|tra00
city in the world. The city is rich in a few specimens of private houses by Mr. Richardson (whose loss to the country is still apparently irreparable), houses worth a long journey to see, so simple, so nol)le, so full of comfort, sentiment, unique, having what may be called a charming personality. As to interiors, there has been
plenty of money spent in Chicago in mere show.
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but, after all, I know of no other city that has more character and individuality in its interiors, more evidences of personal refinement and taste. There is, of course — Boston knows that — a grace and richness in a dwelling in which generations have accumulated the ])est fruits of wealth and
cultivation; l)ut any tasteful stranger here, I am sure, will be surprised to find in a city so new so many homes pervaded by the atmosphere of books and art and refined sensibility, due, I imagine, mainly to the taste of the woman, for while there are plenty of men here who have taste, there are very few who have leisure to indulge it; and I doubt if there was ever anywhere a livable house — a man can build a palace, but he cannot make a home — that was not the creation of a refined woman. I do not mean to say that Chicao:o is not still verv much the victim of the upholsterer, and that the eye is not offended by a good deal that is gaudy and pretentious, but there is so much here that is exquisite taste that one has a hopeful heart about its future.
Chicago has a physical peculiarity that radical- affects its social condition and prevents its
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becoming homogeneous. It has one business centre and three distinct residence parts, divided by the branching river. Communications be- tween the residence sections has to be made through the business city, and is further hindered by the bridge crossings, which cause irritating dehiys the greater part of the year. The result is that three viHages grew up, now become cities in size, and each with a pecuHar character. The North Side was originally the more aristocratic, and having fewer railways and a less-occupied- with-business lake front, was the more agreeable as a place of residence, always having the draw"- back of the bridge crossings to the business part. After the great fire, building lots were cheaper there than on the South Side within reasonable distance of the active city. It has grown amaz- ingly, and is beautified by stately houses, and fine architecture, and would probably still be called the more desirable place of residence. But the South Side has two great advantages — easy access to the business centre and to the great southern parks and pleasure grounds. This latter would decide many to live there. The vast West Side, with its lumber yards and factor- ies, its foreign settlements, and its population outnumbering the two other sections combined, is practically an vuiknown region socially to the North Side and South Side. The causes which produced three villages surrounding a common business centre will continue to operate. The West Side wall continue to expand with cheap
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houses, or even elegant residences on the park avenues — it is the glory of Chicago that such a large proportion of its houses are owned by their occupants, and that there are few tenement rookeries, and even few gigantic apartment houses — over a limitless prairie; the North Side will grow in increasing beauty about Lincoln Park; and the South Side will more and more gravitate with imposing houses about the at- tractive south parks. Thus the two fashionable parts of the city, separated by five, eight and ten miles, will develop a social life of their own, about as distinct as New York and Brooklyn. It remains to be seen which will call the other '* Brooklyn." At present these divisions account for much of the disorganization of social life, and prevent that concentration which seems essential to the highest social development.
In this situation Chicago is original, as she is in many other ways, and it makes one of the interesting phases in the guesses at her future.
p
In an article appearing in The Chicago
Tribune of Sundav, Januarv 28, 1911, Mr. Walter D. Moody says:
"In less than fifty years Chicago will be the metropolis of the world.
"This truth is proclaimed by the three great factors that control the destiny of modern cities as to growth and population.
62 Btor^ nf Oltjtraga
"These factors are:
*'l. The extent of rich and populous territory into which the trade and commerce of the city
can be carried.
''2. The supply of raw material near at hand for feeding and housing its people and for use in manufacturing ])roducts to be sold in the con- tributing: territory.
"3. The extent of railway and water trans-
portation by Ayhich commerce may be easily and cheaply handled.
'*No man who makes a study of these factors as they affect Chicago can fail to see in this city the coming metropolis of the world.
riie history of the p-rowth of laro-e cities is the p-rowth of inland cities. London, Berlin, Paris,
a r
Rome, Chicago are inland cities. The growth of the interior eventually makes its city the metropolis. New York gained its ascendency at a day when the majority of commerce was by the high seas.
''As the interior began to develop railways
began to reach out and the country filled up
The ascendency of New York from that moment was limited.
"Transportation is the greatest power govern- ing the growth or retrogression of a city. Thirty railways terminate in Chicago. This city is within a night's ride of 50,000,000 people. Any one of these can get into a train after dinner in the evening and get to Chicago in time for breakfast. Within this circle of 500 miles is more than half
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'the population of the United States — and Chicago is the center of this circle.
Chicago is almost the geographical center
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of the United States. It lies at the head of the Mississippi valley, the richest valley in the world and still susceptible of great development. The deep waterway and the development of the harbor must also be considered among the possibilities. In the three great factors that govern growth Chicago has a position unequaled by any other city in existence.
*'The factors that point to Chicago's growth also point to New York's loss of supremacy. At one time New York controlled the manufacturing
and jobbing business of the country from coast to coast. But some fifteen years ago a change began. Today New York's territory ends at the Detroit river or in Chicago itself. Chicago now occupies the position toward the West that New York did toward the whole United States. Chicago is even invading New York itself. There are more than 200 Chicago industries that now maintain New York branches. The South in the past has turned to New York. This Avas both gratitude and habit — New York cared for the southern trade in the days following the Avar when Chicago could not do so. But in the last ten years a ncAV citizenship has grown up in the South, one that has no sectional prejudices. The South is developing its resources in a way little
dreamed of. Chicago is the logical center for this trade. It is closer than New York; it has
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better railway facilities. Its business men are now going after this trade actively and success- fully. Its acquisition will mean a big growth for the citv.
Predictions of an Englishman.
*'At the time of the Association of Commerce peace banquet in 1909 a delegate from London
said: 'I have been making comparisons with
London. I believe that in forty years this will be the largest city in the world.' In fifty years Chicago has added 2,000,000 to its population. During forty years it has added an average of 75,000 a year. Its natural conditions, railroad facilities and other advantages will continue to operate to its advantage. There is no question to the reasoning mind that it will become the metropolis of the L^nited States within twenty-five years. Sooner or later it will do what New York has done, absorb its rapidly developing suburbs. Greater Chicago will add a million to its popu- lation at one swoop. The city has a right to do this. Figuring the natural percentage of growth from the past, all arguments favor a city of 13,000,000 by 1950. London has about 7,000,- 000 now and is 1,800 years old. Chicago is but seventy-five years old. It now has no compe- tition in population except in New York and London. London lacks the possibilities of ex- ansion and sooner or later will reach the max- imum of growth.
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"The astounding and unparalleled growth of cities in the present period will help Chicago. The tendency is becoming more and more mark- ed for mankind to get in close contact. Cities
today
are
larger
than they ever w^ere before.
The dominance of railroads over the affairs of mankind will mean the most rapid growth for
VIEW OF SUBWAY OF ILLINOIS TUNNEL CO.
Chicago, the greatest center of railroads, railroads of the United States have a
standard than those abroad.
This
The higher
IS a com-
mercial age.
and industrial nation.
America is the greatest commercial
It
IS rapidly becoming
the financial center of the world. The time will
come wdien it will also hold the supremacy m the arts and the sciences that it now does
m
commerce
All
these
things
will
helj
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to bring Chicago to the front as the world metropolis."
The growth of population in Chicago is shown as follows:
1895 1,150,000
1900 1,700,000
1905 1,900,500
1910 2,185,000
1911 (December estimate) 2,225,000
The present area of the city is 204 square miles. Tliis is divided into thirty-five wards. The Twenty-seventh ward, the largest in the city, increased in population for the decade ending in 1910, 15G per cent. It now has 113,336 residents and may be taken as an indication of the city's possibilities.
It has been suggested that the large foreign
born population in ChicagD will also help to make it the largest city. Chicago has a great percent- age of immigrant peoples and these peoples have as a rule larger families than the native born. There is no race suicide on the West Side.
Schools and Colleges
To show the wonderful manner in which the schools of Chicago have increased to keep pace with its ever-increasing population, it is only necessary to mention that in 1841 there were enrolled in the public schools a total of 410 pupils, with but five teachers in all branches. In 1911
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there were 304,146 pupils enrolled, with 6,584 teachers. The appropriation made for the year 1912 was $17,146,575.00, which means that it cost the city about $56.34 for each child's training for that period. This does not include approximately about 75,000 pupils in parochial schools.
There is no question but that the public schools of Chicago stand j)re-eminent among the best of any municipality in the country, and every effort is made to make them as much more effective as possible. This city can also boast of the University of Chicago, one of the most richly endowed institutions of learning in America, with an enrollment of 6,466 students and 330 instructors in all its branches. It was founded in the year ISO'^.
The Northwestern University of Evanston, Illinois,]' ust on the borders of the City of Chicago, is also another richly endowed institution of learning, and has 3,788 students with 361 in- structors.
There are also numerous other places of learn- ino; and technical trainino-, and Chicao;o stands
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prominently in the eyes of the world as a center for a diversified class of studv, and students are drawn from all parts to these })laces where may be obtained knowledge to equip them for usefulness in life. These institutions have received wide recognition and enroll students of almost a races and nations, who have l^een attracted to them by their well-earned reputations.
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Finances and Banking
The first bank of Chicago was opened for business about the middle of December, 1835,
in the four-story brick block then owned by
Garrett Brown & Bros., at the corner of La Salle and South Water streets, and immediately started off with a flourishing business. The cashier advertised in the American of February LS, 183G, that the l)ank was to be open for busi-
ness from 9 o'clock a. m. to 1 o'clock p. m..
that "discount days" were Tuesdays and Fridays, and that all paper should be offered on Mondays and Thursdays. As an index to the magni- tude of some of the accounts as well as the heavy business then done bv one of the leading
firms, it was stated in the American of March 1^, 183G, that the ^lessrs. Garrett Brown
Bros, from December 30th, 1835, to Febru-
ary 27th, 1836, deposited with the Chicago Branch Bank the sum of $34,359.31. This was nearly an average of seven hundred dollars per day, and at that time was an item of news that reflected great credit upon the enter- prising firm that did the volume of business evinced by their huge deposits, as well as upon the solid financial institutions that could be trusted by them with such a fabulous amount. The clearings for the banks of Chicago for the year 1910 reached the total of $13,939,689,984.43. No other comment is needed than point to the
extent of the aggregate transactions.
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Street Nomenclature
In the Record-Herald of Jan. 26th, 1912,
appeared an article by Mr. Arthur Evans on Names of Chicago Streets. These allusions are so full of rich sentiment and historical asso- ciations that we give them as follows :
The study of Chicago street names is an inter- esting pursuit, and it brings to light many a bit of forgotten history. The first survey of Chicago was made in 1830 by James Thompson, and em- braced an area of about three-eighths of a square mile. Besides the garrison at Fort Dearborn, the population did not exceed 100. Three of the boundary streets of the village were named after the most prominent men of the day, the survey
showing that Washington street was the south boundary, Jefferson street the west, Kinzie street the north and Dearborn street the east. Dear- born street was named after the fort, which in turn was named in honor of General Plenry Dearborn, Secretary of War; Kinzie street took its name from John Kinzie, the early ^vhite settler, while the others were named after Georoe Washington and Thomas Jefferson. Northward from W^ashington street came Randolph, named after John Randolph of Roanoke; Lake, after Lake Michigan; Fulton, named after Robert Fulton, whose steamboat, the Claremont, had made its first trip on the Hudson between New York and Albany just twenty-three years before Chicago was mapped out; Carroll street, after
70 Btov^ at QIl|tra90
Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and then Kinzie street.
Eastward from Jefferson the streets were named Clinton, after DeWitt Clinton, chief
promoter of the Erie Canal; Canal, after the . and ]\r. Canal; east of the river the first street was named iNIarket street because the city market was located in the middle of the thorough- fare, the reason of its width; Franklin took its name from Benjamin Franklin, and Wells was named after Captain William Wells, Indian agent at Fort Wayne, who came to Fort Dearborn with a band of ]\liamis in August, 18^2, to escort the parrison and the settlers to Fort Wavne. He was killed in the Fort Dearborn massacre at what is now the foot of Eighteenth street, and his heart was eaten by the savages, who believed that thereby they would assimilate the courage of the fallen scout.
In later vears AVells street south oP the river
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was renamed Fifth avenue, an absurdity now, for it is the seventh street from the lake front. North of the river, however, the name of the gallant ca})tain is still preserved. East of Wells, La Salle street was named after the great explorer Chevalier La Salle, and then came "Clarke" street. This was named after George Rogers Clark, the intrepid soldier wdio conquered Kaskaskia and Vincennes and captured the original Northwest Territory from the British. The final *'e" was dropped after it was found that it was not part of the soldier's name. Poor,
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* pathetic Clark! After winning the Northwest
Territory, out of which five states have since been formed, he spent his later years in penury and neglect. The honor of having a great Chicago street named after him is perhaps his greatest memorial, and now there is talk of robbing him of that small distinction and making Clark street ''Fifth avenue," or "Avenue E," or something equally dreary and non-distinctive. As the town grew the political fights of the
villagers were reflected in the naming of new
streets. In those days politics was far more passionate than now. When the first street south of Washington was laid out the federalists wanted to name it Adams, after the second President, while the opposition wanted to name it ^NTadison. Madison carried the day. Later a similar fight occurred over naming the street south of ^Madison. The federalists were beaten in their attempt to name it after President iVdams and the street was christened after President ^lonroe. When the next street was laid out, however, the federalists
managed to win, and it was called Adams
street. The anti-federalists, however, were un- able to indorse with gusto the election of John Quincy Adams, and accordingly they bestowed his name upon the narrow little street abutting upon the postoffice. Jackson, Van Buren, Har- rison, Tyler, Polk and Taylor had streets named after them, but Fillmore was ignored, and after Tyler left the Whig party his name was taken from the street, which was rechristened Congress street.
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As the town grew many names of no signifi- cance were bestowed upon the streets. Other names, however, are of historical worth — the names of men who built Chicago in its early days, the pioneers who founded a metropolis. Others recall interesting: features of early Chicao;o, and still others are associated with names of celebrities famous in history. For instance, there is Archer road, which is connected with one of the most important and interesting undertakings in the history of Illinois — the building of the old Illinois and ^Michigan Canal. It took its name after Cohmel William B. Archer, one of the canal commissioners, who broke the first ""round
for the canal July 4, 183G, in the presence of nearly every inhabitant of the village and of invited guests from all parts of the state. Archer road ran from Chicago to Lockport, to facilitate the building of the ditch, and for many years it was the most traveled pike in the state.
Ogden avenue is another street with a name that means something. It is named after Wil- liam B. Oo'den, first Mavor of Chicaoo and one of the most useful of its early men of public affairs.
Beautiful Suburban Homes
Chicago is environed by some of the most beautiful suburban homes anywhere to be found, and the accommodations to reach them is un- surpassed by any other city of its size in the world. No visitor who has seen its people can
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understand them or form a true estimate of their character until they have seen where they reside. If the beauty, majesty and grandeur of this city strike with wonder all who gaze upon it for the first time it is when they visit the quiet and beautiful retreats of the suburbs, where thousands of its best citizens make their homes, that they are more than surprised. The entrancing lake shore with its hundreds of magnificent residences cannot but impress one; and in these homes no expense has been spared to make them what their name implies.
All the conveniences of the city are to be found here. It is the country but with all the modern up-to-dateness of present-day refinement. Elec- tric lights, water, heat, gas and everything that the most exacting could possibly suggest. There
are beautifully paved streets, with shade trees of
grand proportions on either side of the drive- way to lend beauty and charm to the scene and appeal to the better side of all. The schools are good and the family enjoys the quiet and serenity of a home, that is to be found only in few places.
It is here that the busy man relaxes from the rush and turmoil of city life and in the bosom of his family is seen the true Chicagoan, the man of letters and the man of taste. We find him surrounded by all that appeals to one of culture and refinement. It is here he leaves his business behind and is ever the delightful host and the genial gentleman. It is thus we know him.
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When one looks in upon these homes it is easily understood where the volume of energy is accumulated to withstand the intensity of city life such as Chicago presents. They are the great reservoirs from which renewed strength is obtained from day to day to be expended with a lavish hand in the battle of life. After seeing him in his home with its surroundings one does not wonder at the reserved force and accumulated resources of the Chicago business man.
Apaktment Buildings
There are very few cities that can boast of the luxurious apartment buildings which Chicago ffers to those who from necessity or choice prefer
to live in this way. They are fitted up to suit the tastes and circumstances of all. Some of them are of great size and are divided into suites fitted with every device to save labor and con- tribute to the comfort of the occupant. Many of these present a striking and inviting appear- ance.
Transportation from Earliest Times
The account of the street railways of Chicago to one not acquainted with the city and its rapid growth reads like a fairy story, and to one who saw its small beginnings and left the city at that time, not returning to it until years later, the changes have been such that they impress his
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mind like no story ever told or written could. Yet the years intervening had been full of labor and thought to bring about this excellent, though even today inadequate, system. Millions of money has been spent and energy and labor put into building and rebuilding that would seem past belief if presented in abstract figures.
The first means of transportation, however, was by omnibus. May 19, 1853, Frank Parme- lee started a regular service by a line of omni- buses. For a number of years this company, with many other buses owned by private indi- viduals, comprised all the public transportation facilities of Chicago, and it was not until some years later that street car accommodations were introduced. For a lono- time after their advent buses were used to carry people to and from business into sections where the car lines did not penetrate.
It is within the memory of many citizens now living, the means of early transportation, and the description of one will suffice for all. Each side of West Madison street was a thickly poj^ulated section of the city as far as Chicago avenue on the north and Harrison street on the south, reach- ing as far as Western avenue. There being no street railways except on ]\Iadison and Randolph streets extending west as far as Ilalsted street, lines of buses and other convevances brouoht the busy throng of workers downtown from these sections, and although there was no monopoly of the trade in those days, there was intense
76 #tnrg of Qlljtragn
rivalry among the owners of these conveyances, and these were of all kinds. Of course, the one who could get his passengers downtown first was in a fair way to get all the trade, and the one gain- ing this reputation had no difficulty in securing a load. It was very much like the steamboat races on the western rivers, and equally exciting,
to see these conveyances race in the early morning
to land their passengers in the business section. It was a scene full of life and animation each morning, all sorts of vehicles and nags of every description. The excitement of the drivers and the yelling at the horses to get them to their ut- most speed, was exhilarating to say the least.
Whether there was more snow in those days or not is for statisticians to decide, but this is certain, there was far more sleighing than now. Bob sleds, cutters, and everything that could be put on runners were used instead of buses for the trans- portation of these people during the winter mcmtlis, and the prancing horses — it is meant those of them that could prance, for they were a sorry lot — together with the jingling of the sleigh bells made a scene of animation not to be for- gotten.
On the other hand, there were the spring months, after the frost had left the ground. It was before the time of paved streets, that is, in the section spoken of. The roads. were unutter- ably bad, presenting after a storm of rain a sea of mud, and it was only the most skillful navi- gator who could steer his way so as to avoid the
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shoals and quicksands that might beset his path, to say nothing of the places where no bottom was to be found. It was a common thing at that time to set up a buoy in the middle of the street in the shape of a plank with a sign marked in plain letters warning the unwary navigator that there was ''no bottom. "
Stories have been told of horses and travelers becoming engulfed in these bottomless morasses, in these days called roads, which possibly may have had foundation in fact. The writer once saw a team of horses that had been drowned in a ditch that is now within the corporate limits of the city, and on another occasion helped to dig out a farm wagon and a team of horses on West Madison street near Central avenue, the wagon containing the farmer and his wife and two
children. They had been swallowed up in a ditch which had become undistinouishable from
the road on account of the accumuhition of snow. This occurred in about the vear 1879 when that
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portion of the city was open country with but a
scattered residences. Getting downtown in those days may be left to the imagination of the reader. In the spring months it was by no means a light undertaking.
Street Railways
The first line of cars was on State street, be- tween Randolph and Twelfth streets, and these commenced operations April 25th, 1859. The
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Madison street line was opened May 20th, 1859, and extended from Halsted to State street. The Randolph street line opened July 15th, 1859. On the North Side the Wells street line extended from the river to Chicago avenue, and was opened in the spring of 1859; the Clark street line was opened in August, 1859. The cars on all these roads were small and some of them were known as '*bol)-tailed cars." They were all drawn by horses. The driver stood on the front platform in all conditions of weather and drove his spirited team at the break-neck speed of near- four miles an hour, while the passenger sat
inside, and if it was wintertime almost froze. Oh! those cars. What misery they represented in the winter season! How the passengers were huddled together a shivering mass of humanity with their feet in danoer of beino- frozen, and that
to ^ ^ to
too in spite of the straw so generously supplied by the companies for the benefit of their patrons, and which in a short time became so filthy that it was unfit for bedding the beasts that hauled the
cars.
The car drivers' life in those days, and, for the matter of that, the conductors too, were full of incidents. It was not an uncommon thing for the car often to leave the track, even on a short trip, and the passengers would he requested to get out and assist in restoring the car to its proper place on the rails. They would then return to the car, only to find that the team in starting up had thrown each other down, when the male
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portion of the cargo vv^ould again descend to see the interesting o])eration of assisting the horses to their feet and the readjusting of their harness before resuming the journey.
There is no question but at that time the pat- rons of the road received their money's worth, not in travel at least in incident. One who patronized the street railways in those days began a journey in anticipation but was unable to tell just how much history he would make between his office and his home.
On January 28, 1882, the first great change was made in the transportation of })eople from one part of the city to another, and this was by the introduction of the cable system which did away with the horses as formerly used on the horse cars, and depended upon what was called the grip and cable system, operated by cables from
powerful engines at central power stations.
The construction consisted of an under- ground tube, through which the cable, supported by grooved pulleys, passed in constant motion and at a uniform rate of speed. This tube was provided with sewer connection for drainage, and an open slot on the top through which passed a grapplmg device which was attached to a car. The cable was kept in motion and its speed regulated by a stationary engine or engmes. The rope was endless and passed over drums which imparted motion to the wire rope.
This system was hrst operated on State street, from Randolph street to Thirty-ninth street, and
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was applied on Cottage Grove avenue the same year. The Clark street line was completed and opened for travel March 27th, 1888, and the Wells street line the same year. Lincoln avenue line commenced operations January 22, 1889, and was followed by the Clybourn avenue line.
L.
which opened IVIay 2, 1891.
The Madison street line commenced run- nin^: July 16, 1890, top-ether with Milwaukee
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avenue, which was completed at the same time. Blue Island avenue followed July 28, 1898.
This was recognized as a decided improve- ment on the system of horse cars, but it had many disadvantages of its own. Should the ''shoe string," as it was called, break, there was a general tie-up and also at times considerable doubts as to when it would start again. Some- times a car would become jammed in the slot and here was another cause for delay. For the company, however, installing this system, costly as it was, it enabled them to carry more passen- gers, as in this way they could run a train of cars and the horses were disposed of with the excep- tion of a few that Avere used in cases of emergency, such as the breaking of a cable.
This system was, on the whole, much better than the old horse cars and contributed a share to the city's growth by extending the residence district. These terminals became the starting point from which the horse cars again diverged m every direction.
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But a great change was at hand which was to revolutionize the whole system of transportation, and that was the installation of electricity in the running of street cars. This system has brought within easy reach of the outlying districts around Chicago, and made available the most distant points for residence and homes. A single carfare now of five cents enables one downtown to reach
the city's outskirts with the privilege of a transfer
to any line going in the same direction. By this system of transfers it is possible in some instances to ride more than twenty-five miles for a single fare.
Besides these surface lines there are four systems of elevated roads, reaching each side of the city, and which pass their trains around the "loop" in the center of the wholesale and retail districts. Approximately this ''loop" is a mile long by half a mile wide, and double-tracked. All these roads run their trains at intervals of from two to ten minutes apart, being more frequent in the rush hours of
morning and
evenmg
during the remainder of the day.
They
than are
the streets over
operated all night, but less frequently. As the trains run on an elevated structure they are not delayed by any congestion in which they pass.
The Northwestern Elevated Road has, with its branches, a total mileage of 20.37 miles, extending to Evanston, a distance of twelve miles, and also to Ravenswood. During the busy hours its trains move at intervals of two and five
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minutes, and after midnight once in thirty-five
minutes.
The South Side Elevated Road with its branches has a mileage of 35.5 miles running to Jackson Park, Kenwood, Englewood and the Union Stock Yards. Its trains run at intervals of from three to twenty minutes, according to the time of day.
The ^Vletropolitan Elevated Road reaches each of the great west side parks: Garfield, Douglas and Humboldt, and has a mileage of about twentv-five miles; movino- its trains at intervals of
to twentv minutes
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The Chicago and Oak Park Elevated Road
reaches Oak Park, ten miles from the center of
the citv. moving its trains at intervals of from t^\
to forty minutes,' according to the demands of
the day. These four roads are capitalized at $95,037,700 and are 182 miles in length, in- cluding branches.
:w carried in 1909 a total number of passen- gers of 935,513,921, an average of 2,387,026 each day of the year.
The street railways of Chicago, if run in one direction, would extend 1,350 miles, or more than
one and one-third the distance from this city to ew York, and these are all double-tracked. The elevated roads were at first operated
by steam power, the same as railroads, but the engines were smaller. The first line was com- pleted in 1892 and began running around the loop October 19, 1897. The motive power was changed to electricity in 1898.
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World's Columbian Exposition
On May 1, 1893, there was opened in Chicago the most complete and extensive exposition the world up to that time had ever seen, and which attracted spectators from every nation to view its grandeurs. There was appropriated for the construction of the World's Columbian Expo- sition $20,000,000. The exhibit embraced 150 buildings, the principal one of which was the Manufacturers' Buildinp;. Visitors to the num- ber of 27,539,041 were admitted to the grounds on payment and $33,290,065 was received from the sale of tickets. There was $31,117,353 dis- bursed, excluding the cost of removing the build- ings. The exhibit ended October 30, 1893.
The exposition was in commemoration of the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America in 1492. No more fitting tribute to the achieve- ments of Columbus has ever been accorded and the eyes of the habitable globe were
attracted to the United States with Chicae^o for its center.
Chicago has always been a cosmopolitan city, but at this time, concentrated within the limits of 666 acres of ground, were people from every clime under the sun, and in the costumes of every nation. The exhibits were attended by natives from the countries they represented an haps at no time previous had so many nations, through their own people, been gathered together in one locality.
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The Exposition had the effect of stimulating business In many channels throughout the coun- try and Chicago gained new laurels from the
manner in which the great enterprise was success- fully carried out.
Taking It altogether It was one of the most wonderful displays of man's productive genius and power that has ever been brought together, and it undoubtedly created an impression In the minds of foreigners visiting It that was not easily for^rotten or Its value over-estimated.
Chicago: The Axis of the Railway
World
Possibly, next to its unsurpassed natural situ- ation, the predominating factor contributing to Chicago's suj)remacy, both commercially and
financially. Is Its position as the center of the
country's railway service. The first raih'oad to enter Chicago was the Galena Union, which now forms a portion of the Northwestern system.
This line was completed In 1848, and from this small beo'innino' in the little more than three- score years, has grown thirty-seven trunk Imes, forming the essential connections with almost one-half the mileage of the country, embracing approximately 250,000 miles. Necessary ad- juncts to these arteries of traffic are the extensive terminals and passenger stations, already in- stalled, with others of increased size planned to complete the system.
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There is no city under the sun which has so
vast a range of territory that is in direct contact with the manufactories and mercantile establish- ments which make up Chicago's activities, nor is there a situation so favorable for producer and consumer as this city presents as a distributing
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CHICAGO & NORTHWESTERN RAILWAY STATION
centering-
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point. The great trunk lines
ring their journeys to a halt when this city is reached, none of the systems continuing beyond its confines. Necessarily this confers benefits as a shipping point that few localities supply, and when to these are supplemented the facilities for the millions of tons of freight carried on the great lakes, Chicago's manifold advantages are easily understood.
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POSTOFFICE OF .CHICAGO
The history of the Chicago Postoffice reads like fiction, and when we consider the mass of sta- tistics that are undisputable it has a tendency to surprise those who regard themselves as familiar with this city and its many progressive features.
The period intervening between 1833 and 1912
TEMPORARY POSTOFFICE BUILDING, LAKE FRONT.
seems a long time but to render such an exhibit as has been shown by the postoffice of Chicago in these years is, to say the least, astonishing. In 1833 there was but one eastern mail each w^eek and that was carried on horseback to and from Niles, ]Micliigan.
In 1911 there were 184,298,214 pounds of mail matter handled in the Chicago postoffice, repre- senting 1,618,900,651 pieces, and the amount of money received for domestic and international money orders, including fees, was $5,539,012.85.
CHICAGO POSTOFFICE, 1912
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The postal receipts for the year were $19,781,- 440.74, and are increasing in a more rapid ratio than is the city's population
This is what these statistics reveal, and all
within the life and memory of men now living. From the first office, in a small log building, to one costing more than $8,000,000, is a subject worth mentioning, in addition to the fact that it ranks
first among the cities of our country for certain schedules of postal business.
During the years enumerated Chicago's post- office has made historv of another kind, viz. :
frequent movings and in visitations by fires, three times. The first fire was that of 1871, the second in 1874, and again in January, 1879. On April 12th, 1879, the postoffice was removed to the ])asement floor of the new government build- ing then being erected on the site where the postoffice now stands, the square being boun- ded by Clark, Dearborn, Jackson boulevard and Adams streets, it speedily outgrowing what would be regarded as ample quarters, since necessitating the use of many branch offices. To afford sufficient room a new structure was planned, the business of the service being transacted in a building on the lake front while the present federal building was being
made ready.
Further additions and extensions are now under contemplation, and a short time will see largely increased facilities installed in the postal service in this city.
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Chicago's Great Printing Center
It is difficult in a narrative to give details of every fact which has contributed to make Chicago what it is, and that there should be a story at all is justified by the extraordinary growth it has shown in so short a time. However, it was
not the intention at the beginning to go into those details, which have been fully described by others, but rather to direct attention to one of the factors that has contributed in no small measure to making Chicago what it is in reality, the most wonderful city in the world — the print- ing business — and in introducing this topic we make no mistake in calling attention to the great printing center where a large proportion of the activities of this industry are now rapidly concentrating.
It is not an extravagant assertion to declare that among the many evidences of world- activities the rapid development of Chicago's business district is entitled to attention when things important are up for consideration and discussion. However ample may have appeared to be the provision to satisfy the demands of, say a generation ago, for adequate structures in which to conduct business — and these were built in anticipation of a liberal extension of trade — the establishments then erected were soon outgrown by increased demands upon their facilities and in a brief time the new construction became out of date and back numbers.
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No city ever founded has shown this feature to
the extent which
Chicago's
business district
discloses, and abrupt and evokitionary as these have been, the changes still continue and bid fair to be in evidence for many years to come, supply- ing fruitful themes for the pen of the chronicler and interesting texts for students and scholars of
TYPICAL BUILDIXGS IN PRIXTIXG-nOUSK DISTRICT, 1855.
the causes contributing to a city's greatness as well as the ability of its people to make the most of their opportunities.
Evidence is here at hand to impress upon the thinking what the brief years have accom- plished in Chicago's down-town section, but so radical has been this transformation that but few, unless keeping close observation on the ever-
92 dtorg nf OHitrago
changing scene, realize the deep significance of the same, and its lesson is likely to be lost.
It has, however, been found impossible to secure a photograph of this section at a period antedatinof the conflao;ration of 1871. The build- ings then were small and of little importance, although there was an air of culture and refine- ment maintained by the residents who later were destined to become the foremost citizens of the municipality and whose names have been handed down in veneration and reo^ard as associated with many of the largest business enterprises of the
present day. A drawing has been made and each landmark as shown at that time (1863), designated, and it is a faithful representation of the situation as it was known to the artist who made his home near the scenes depicted.
In order to preserve for the future a few of the innovations which trade exigencies have wrought upon what was formerly an established residen- tial district the views here shown were made and embrace what is today known as the printing and publishing house district, covering the territory from State and Clark streets and from Polk to Van Buren streets.
The various plants located within the boundary outlined above need no introduction to the world of production, they being known to every one conversant with the art of printing, binding and engraving, as well as to the collateral branches of the art. Bv reference to the drawing it will be
seen that where the Dearborn Station now is
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there stood an antiquated Methodist house of worship, while the Clark and Polk street corner still holds the old St. Peter's Catholic Church, its venerable walls having withstood the gnawing tooth of more than a half century. At the north
east corner of Clark and Harrison streets stood
the old Jones School, where so many of the em- bryo business men of a former generation, and whose names are familiar to all in Chicago, first acquired the primary precepts of education. At
the corner of the alley and Van Buren street between Clark and Buffalo streets (now Federal street), stood another house of worship, while
the north side of Van Buren, corner of Edina
(later Third avenue) , now Plymouth pi
stood Sinai Congregation. On State street almost opposite Congress, a little to the south
the Old Eagle No. 7 Engine House had its quarters, and was often the scene of town meet-
to
of the character common in the early d
Between these public buildings stood many
homes w^itli their picket fences inclosing g
front yards bordered with trees and shrubbery on both sides of the street. On Edina
(Third avenue), and Buffalo street (Fourth avenue), were located the homes of many men whose names are still perpetuated in the fore- most circles of commercial life in addition to those of the substantial old settler who con- tributed his best efforts to make the city what it is today, the acknowledged wonder of the world and the superb metropolis of our country.
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It must be understood that what is known as Dearborn street, at least that portion south of Monroe street, was not opened until the latter
What
IS now
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street
as
part of '71.
shown in the illustration, originally w^as the alle}
for the houses which fronted on Edina and Buf-
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HAXD-McNALLY BLTILDING, l'.)12
falo streets,forgotten names except to the survivor of the early period of which we write.
To the Chicao-oan familiar with the city before the conflagration of 1871 and also conversant with its growth up to the early '80's, who might have been absent during that period, upon again coming on the scene would find the marvels of Aladdin's lamp outdone and even the fairy
stories surpassed
T
realities.
A Chicago resi-
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dent, harnessed by the claims of business to his immediate locality, upon surveying another sec- tion's growth might well wonder at the changes which a brief period had brought about; even if familiar with old landmarks he would have cause for amazement in contemplating the city's future possibilities. In all respects Chicago has moved forward, but in no portion of its limits has this been more pronounced than within the printing- house zone of activity
Real estate values have kept pace with the
rapid transformations in other directions, prop
erty valuations within the section sketched having
doubled in the last dozen years, while in the
previous twenty-five it has quadrupled. Th as printing been a magnet in stimulating in-
vestment and has contributed to the upb
of the locality materially as well as esthetically.
This section of Chicago may w^ell be likened to the inner workings of a watch, one of the most important parts of which is the mainspring, as here is located the power which drives the machinery and develops the energy that has made this the foremost city of the continent — the great printing center of Chic
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The art of printing has always attracted to it many of the best minds, or perhaps it may be said that many of the best minds have been evolved from associating with printing. Among early followers of the art preservative in Chi- cago many attained prominence in their coun- try's history, and graduated from the ranks of those following this calling.
There appears something about the business that possesses a fascination, and its allurements are so strong that, regardless of self-interest and the restricted opportunity for the attainment of wealth, men have continued in its pursuit and passed away poor, the exceptions being few who finally gained a position of affluence. In itself this seems strange, because when we come to
analyze it printing is found at the base of all business enterprise and success. That this was true in the past is without question, but it was
not so well understood as it is today.
The printer has always been more absorbed in his calling than in money making, and this may be accounted for by the fact that a printer comes in relation more with the minds of men
than he does with their material wants, and in
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this way he is led to forget the benefits to him- self by being immersed in his art and the need of others for his thoughtful assistance.
In the early days of Chicago this was undoubt- edly the case. It is said that the good die young, but of the printer it might be remarked "Good printers die poor." There may be exceptions, but such as there are only prove the rule.
All who think along these lines must admit that printing has had much to do with the ad- vancement of our city's greatness, the lifting of it into the prominent place it now occupies as well as demonstrating to the whole world its mar- velous history — a city without a peer.
Without printing there could be no progress.
as we understand it todav, or it would bv com
parison be only of a limited order, and great centers such as we have now would be quite im- possible. Take printing away from our present- day mode of doing business, shut up our libraries and obliterate books, and immediately we sink into a depth of darkness that would appall us to contemplate.
It is by viewing it in this light that anything
that can be said concerning the early printer
Chicago should prove of interest to every studi- ous mind, and not only those who are intimately connected with the craft but also those who have derived inestimable benefits from the self-sacrific- ing labors of the craftsmen themselves.
The first job printing done in this city was by John Calhoun in 1833, four years before Chicago
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was incorporated as a city. He also edited and printed the first newspaper, the Chicago Demo- crat. This undertaking was issued from a build- ing at the corner of Clark and South Water streets.
John Calhoun was born at Watertown, N. Y., April 14, 1808. His parents were natives of Con- necticut. At the age of 16 he entered the print- ing office of W. Woodward Freeman, and therein acquired a knowledge of the printer's trade. He had heard such glowing accounts of the West
that in 1883 he decided to make for Chicas-o. The
vessel upon which he took passage encountered
a terrific gale on Lake Erie, was wrecked, and ]Mr. Calhoun, after meeting with other adven- tures, reached Detroit, from which place travel- ing overland by slow stages he arrived in Chi- cago. His printing material was' shipped by the way of the lakes on another vessel, two appren- tices in his employ accompanjang the outfit.
Mr. Calhoun eventually sold out his paper and plant to John Wentworth, who had been in charge of the office. He paid $2,800 for the material and good will, and the first number of the Chicago Weekly Democrat issued under his administration was on November 23, 1836.
Robert Fergus, perhaps the most thorough of practical printers, arrived in Chicago on July 1839. He was born in the Gallowgate of Glas- gow, Scotland, August 14, 1815. At the age of 15 he was apprenticed to the printing business, and as a regular indenture in those days meant
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a practical grounding in the knowledge of the art, upon its completion and his setting forth as a journeyman he possessed a knowledge of his business such as qualified him to earn a livelihood in any part of the world. He was married to Margaret Whitehead Scott, February, 1836. Mr. Fergus was closely identified with the early history of Chicago in the printing w^orld, and was an acknowledged authority on all things per- taining to its early records. All his life he was identified with printing and publishing. The first book comjDiled, printed, bound and issued in Chicago was the Directory of 1844, which was placed upon the market in the year 1843. This
directory was printed by Ellis & Fergus. It is
said that the earlier directories of Chicago were compiled without copy. The images were held upon the imposing stone and when a newcomer arrived his name, business and address were in- serted in the form. In this way new names were added until the time arrived to republish the book. It is stated that JNIr. Fergus on many occasions received commendations for the cor- rectness of his directory, and he lived to see the city of his choice grow to be one of the most famous on the American continent and a center of typographical activity second to none.
Edward H. Rudd w^as one of the early job printers of Chicago (1836). His place of busi- ness was on Dearborn, near South Water street. In 1839 he removed to the Saloon Building, where, with S. D. Childs, the first engraver in
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Chicago, they carried on business under the firm
name of Rudd & Childs, engravers, book and job printers. It was evident at that time they
were but a small concern as may be gathered from the following circumstance: In Septem- ber, 1839, the Common Council ordered the re- vision and printing in pamphlet form of the laws and ordinances of the city. The work was ten-
dered to Messrs. Rudd & Childs, but they not being able to supply sufficient funds offered to
transfer the contract to Ellis & Fergus, who
accepted and fulfilled it. This work was the commencement of the Chicago Directory. There were six blank pages at the end, and it was sug- gested that they be filled with the names of the business men of the citv, which was done. It was
not by any means a complete Directory as only such names were taken as would fill their blanl^
A copy of this work is in the possession of the Chicago Historical Society. The city paid the sum of $25.00 for fifty copies, and about fifty copies were sold to the citizens at 50 cents each. The remainder of the 500 were never used and were lost in the waste incident to a discredited piece of work, as such it was then regarded by those who were associated with it.
In early Chicago typographical history the job and newspaper printers were in a measure inden- tical. It may be said that every newspaper had its job department and that many job printers aimed to publish a newspaper. There were nu-
104 mh Eimt afab frinUvB
merous ups and downs in this line of business in those days and it may be stated this continued until a few years after the close of the civil war,
when a decided change took place and some large institutions capable of turning out vast orders came into existence; in fact the facilities for pro- ducing printing kept i)ace with the city's growth,
and it gradually became one of the essential fac- tors of Chicago's greatness.
The list of printers of Chicago, taken from a Directory published in 1860-61 by Halpin Bailey, shows the following establishments, the entire list being given as was published in the book:
Barnett, James, 189 Lake street.
Beach & Barnard, 14 Clark street.
Becker & Schlager, 233 Randolph street.
Chapin, Henry L., 23 Lake street.
Chicago Democrat, 45 La Salle street. Chicago Evening Journal, 50 Dearborn street. Chicago Post, 82 Dearborn street.
Church, Goodman & Cushing, 51 and 53 La Salle street.
Cowdery, Asa A., 154 Clark street. Cravens, William, 132 Lake street. Dean, John W., 94 Dearborn street. Decker, W. I., 128 Clark street. Dunlop, Sewell & Spaulding, 40 Clark street. Hess, Charles, 93 Randolph street. Hoeffgen & Schneider, 12 Wells street.
Jameson & Morse, 14 La Salle street. Millar, S. S., 55 Clark street.
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Morgan, H. M., 7 Clark street.
Munson, Francis, 140 Lake street.
Pigott, Wm., 130 Clark street.
Pool, Isaac A., 17 Clark street.
Rounds, S. P., 46 State street.
Scott, Hayes & Shurley, 148 Lake street.
Storey, W. F. (Chicago Times), 73 Dearborn
street.
Thompson & Day, 86-88 Dearborn street.
Tobey, A. B., 5 Clark street.
Tribune Co., 51 Clark street.
Wood, A. M., 21 and 23 Clark street.
Work, H. C, 48 Clark street.
It will be observed that the names of many who afterward became prominent in the printing history of Chicago are here given a place.
The Chicago directories to the printer are in- tensely interesting and absorbing. It is here we must turn to find information about his early efforts, and the many vicissitudes encountered in seeking to present a work such as these chronicles. In themselves they present the most condensed and striking evidence of the city's growth that can be found, and are conclusive testimony from year to year of the increased development of its enterprises.
The first book compiled, printed, bound and issued in Chicago was the Directory of 1844. It was placed upon the market in the year 1843. This Directory was compiled by J. Wellington Norris, and printed by Ellis & Fergus, from the
Saloon Building, South Water and Clark streets.
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The second Directory, prepared similarly to the first, was also compiled by Norris. It was
printed by James Campbell & Co., Commercial Building, 65 Lake street. A ludicrous incident is connected with the compilation and printing of this work. The first of Campbell & Co. came to a premature dissolution while the Directory was in process of gestation. ]Mr. Campbell, who was a man of quick temper, becoming incensed at JNIr. Norris (the Co.) forcibly ejected him from the ofiice and threatened to kick him if he looked back. Some gentlemen, subsequently discussing the contention with ]Mr. Xorris, asked him if he emulated the example of Lot's wife. Xorris re-
j^lied, "No, I didn't look back." This unseemly dispute severed the copartnership, as in point of fact any copartnership between JNIr. X^orris, a gentleman "as meek as JNIoses," and Campbell, as fiery as a Scotch Highlander, was sure to come sooner or later to an abrupt termination. A notice in the Chicago Journal of April 16, 1845, dated April 15, 1845, announced the dissolution of the firm of James Campbell & Co., and further that all demands against the same would be settled by James Campbell, to whom all money due said firm must be paid. JNIr. Campbell is long- since dead. Mr. Xorris died a few years since in the interior of this state. It is doubtful
he made a living by his literary labors in Chicago.
The next Chicago Directory was entitled "Xorris' Business Directory for 1846," Eastman
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& Davison, printers, 63 Lake street. It took all
the fonts of type in the office to set up this direc- tory.
The next in the list of early directories is en- titled "Norris' Chicago Directory for 1846-7, Geer & Wilson, printers, Saloon Building," The Geer of this firm was N. C. Geer, who was brought from Connecticut by Richard L. Wilson for the purpose of organizing a job department for the Daily Journal newspaper which would be on a par with the then importance of the city. The firm purchased in the East several presses and a large quantity of type. With Mr. Geer came James J. Langdon as an assistant. Lang- don soon became prominent in the printing busi- ness of the city, he associating with S. P. Rounds, as mentioned elsewhere.
The next Chicago Directory is entitled Illinois State Register and Western Business
Directory for 1847; Xorris & Gardner, editors
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and publishers." Geer & Wilson were also the printers of this Directory.
The Chicago Directory is entitled "Norris' Chicago Directory for 1848-49; published by J. W. Norris and L. S. Taylor, Eastman McClellan, printers (power press office of the Western Citizen), 63 Lake street." This was Mr. Norris' last attempt to compile directories for the citizens of Chicago. This directory is designated as the seventh of the Norris series.
The title of the next Chicago Directory is: "Chicago City Directory for 1851; by W. W.
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Danenhower, printed by James J. Langdon,
161 Lake street."
The Chicago Directory for 1852-53 by Updall
& Hopkins was ^^I'inted by Langdon & Hounds,
161 Lake street.
We next have a series of directories compiled ■ Edwin H. Hall, an Englishman, who, under
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various firm names, published directories for 1853-54, 1854-55, 1855-56. These directories were all printed by Robert Fergus, two of them at 55 Clark street and two at 189 Lake street.
A^ext we have John Gagcr & Co., publishing and compiling a Directory for 1856-57 called
Case & Co.'s Chicago Directory, a business Directory for Chicago for October 1, 1856, and
Gager's Chicago City Directory for June
1857. The first named of these was printed by A. B. Case and Charles Scott at Xo. 84 Dear- born street; the second by INIessrs. Solar, Zellis, Dow & Co., at Xo. 148 Lake street; the third by John Dow, Xo. 148 Lake street.
D. B. Cooke & Co., law book publishers, Port- land Block, published the directories of 1858- 1859-60 and 1860-1.
Smith & ^Moulin, 80 South Dearborn street, also published a Directory for 1859-60.
The directories of 1861-62, 1862-63, 1863-64
were published by Halpin & Bailey, 45 Clark street. The Directory for 1864-65, T. M. Hal-
pin & Co., publishers, R. D. Campbell & Co., printers, 73 Dearborn street, and 1865-66, T. M. Halpin, publisher, and the Religio-Philosophical
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Co. Publishers' Association were the printers, 84-88 Dearborn street.
There was also a Directory for 1864-G5 printed by John C. W. Bailey, 128 and 130 Clark street; while in 1865-66, John C. W. Bailey & Co. pub- lished the Directory, which was printed by John C. W. Bailey, printer and publisher. For the years 1866-67, 1867-68 John C. W. Bailey, 162 Clark street, published directories.
In 1866 Kdwards' Annual Directory, pub- lished by Edwards, Greenbrough & Sevell, made its appearance. This was printed and bound at Edwards' Xew Directory office, 73 Dearborn street. This Directory did not appear again
until 1868-69, and Avas published b\^ Edwards
& Co. at the same address. In 1869-70 Richard Edwards was the publisher.
Edwards' Chicago Directory (Fire Edition) was published in 1871, and contained the names of all persons in business in the city whose loca- tion could be ascertained up to December 12, 1871; also a Business Directory embracing a classified list of trades, professions and pursuits, alphabetically arranged and giving the old as well as the new address of those changed by the great fire. This was published by Richard Edwards, 47 North Halsted street.
The 1870-1871 directories were published Richard Edwards, and a Census Report for 1871. Edwards also published directories for 1872 and 1873, the former at 65 Exchange Building, Clark and Washington, and the latter at 148 Clark street.
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In 1874-75 appears the Lakeside Annual
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Directory by Williams, Donnelley & Co., 1875- 76, 1876-77, 1877-78, 1878-79 by Donnelley, Lloyd & Co., and 1879 by Donnelley, Cassette & Lloyd. For the year 1880 the first one appeared published by the Chicago Directory Company. This company has continued until the present (1912.) to issue the Chicago Directory, which has grown to be a cumbersome volume, and it reflects Chicago's growth from so many standpoints that it is not necessary to enumerate them as they show for themselves, but none in the way of develop- ment more noticeable than in the printing in- dustry.
The sketches ai:)pearing in these pages are of typical individuals associated with the early printing history of Chicago, and do not by any means embrace a full list of those who have con- ferred many benefits upon the craft, but the scope of this w^ork is necessarily limited to the few wlio were active in the transitorial stage of the typo- graphic art.
John Wentworth, the successor of John Calhoun in the ownership of the Chicago Demo- crat, was the first to introduce the power printing press in Chicago. In the beginning two sturdy Norsemen supplied hand power to the machine by simultaneously turning a somewhat cumber- some crank. Finally, Wentworth procured a small steam engine to run the j)ress. This engine was provided with cylinders not over three or four inches in diameter each. This was later super- seded by a larger one built in the '50's, and the
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press was frequently utilized by other publica- tions. The circulation of the Democrat being at
most but a few hundred copies, there were chances to help other enterprises in the printing line, and the press of the Democrat proved a valuable aid to many struggling publishers who availed themselves of the spare time of the press.
Political ambition was one of Wentworth's dominating traits, and for the period that he con- ducted the Democrat, a quarter of a century of important history-making, "Long John" was cer- tainly one of the conspicuous citizens of Chicago, and, unlike nearly all of the promoters of news- papers of his day, he retired from the journalistic field with a competency, his real estate invest- ments making him a rich man and his natural Yankee shrewdness gave him an opportunity which he was not slow to turn to advantage.
James J. Langdon was foreman of the Jour- nal office in 1848. He later went into business
P. Rounds and aided in establish- the Printers' Cabinet. Mr. Rounds' entire capital was $.5.00. ISlr. Langdon shortly there- after retired to Prairie du Chien, Wis., and em- barked in the horse business, but finding that his animals cost him more than he could make out of them he returned to a partnership with Mr. Rounds. In December, 1856, there was but one other journal in the United States that was devoted exclusively to the interest of the art preservative — The Typo- graphical Advertiser. Rounds' Cabinet was the
with Sterling
mg
Chicago and again formed
112 mh Wmt 3fob fxinUta
first of that character in the Northwest, the sec- ond in its date of issue, and the first monthly typographical journal in the Union.
Langdon was a skillful workman and many ancient specimens bearing the imprint of Rounds & Langdon, whose establishment was then located at No. 46 State street, today are worthy of ad- miration because of the artistic execution with which thev were turned out.
Thomas C. Whitmarsh was one of the early j^rinters to reach Chicago from the East, he com- ing to this city in 1843. His first employment was on the Western Citizen, conducted by Zebina Eastman, he engaging in business in
1848, the firm name being F. Fulton & Co.,
later merging into that of C. Scott & Co. For several years he was em])loved by Rand-McXally
^ X » ft/ ft/
in the responsible duties of proofreader, which
position he retained until his death. Mr. Whit- marsh was a member of Plymouth Congrega- tional Church of Chicago from its foundation in 1852; and was a man of sterling character, a fine printer and a man of high attainments. He saw the art of printing develop in a manner that fell to the lot of but few and he always took a keen interest in everything that would contribute to its advancement.
Mr. Whitmarsh was born in Springfield, Mass., 1822, and at an early age entered the establishment of George and Charles Merriam, the publishers of Webster's Dictionary, where he
(§ih ®tm^ Sob PriutrrB H^
remained until coming to Chicago, reaching Chi- cago when he became of age.
Mr. Whitmarsh died on October 10, 1885, his
activities in this city extending over a period of forty- two years.
Samuel S. Beach for nearly thirty years was
a member of the firm of Beach & Barnard, he and Frederick Barnard starting business in Jan- uary, 1857, the partnership continuing until the death of Mr. Beach in 1884. Mr. Beach was born in Rochester, N. Y., in 1828, and acquired a knowledge of the printing craft in his native city, coming West upon reaching early manhood. The material for the business venture was pur- chased from Rounds & Langdon, the first type- founders to sell type and presses in Chicago. Liberal credit was extended to the struggling partners, who had to meet the financial panic of 1857. They, however, gradually stemmed the tide of adversity and became the most successful printers in their line. The fire of 1871 obliter- ated their establishment, but the firm was quick to start anew, Mr. Barnard (Barnard & JMiller) being now the oldest employing printer in Chi- cago, he having conducted a printing office for fifty-five years.
Richard Robert Donnelley was born in Hamil- ton, Canada, November 15, 1836. At the age of 13 he entered a printing office to learn the busi- ness. At 16 he was made foreman of the estab- lishment where he served his time. He subse- quently became a partner of William Pigott, who
114 O^Ui Olim^ 3foh ftinUvB
shortly after removed to Chicago and estabhshed the Efvening Post. Mr. Donnelley continued in business with John J. Hand, afterward one of the jn-oprietors of the Galveston News, until the de23ression following the panic of 1857, he went to Xew Orleans to take charge of the job de- partment of the True Delta, where he remained until the breaking out of the Civil War, when he returned to Canada, and established himself in business. In 1864 he returned to Chicago to become a partner in the firm of Church, Good- man & Donnelley, which in a few years became one of the largest book and periodical publishing houses in the West. In 1870 the Lakeside Pub- lishing and Printing Co. was organized with a capital of $500,000 and JNIr. Donnelley was appointed its manager.
This corporation was established for the pur- pose of competing for the western book trade. The machinerv, material and business of Church, Goodman & Donnelley were purchased and made the nucleus of the new enterprise. The company began the erection of a pretentious structure at the corner of Clark and Adams streets known as the Lakeside Building, but when four of the six stories had been completed the great fire swept away their effort. Before the smoke had cleared away ]Mr. Donnelley set about to restore his business, and four days following leased the third floor of Xos. 103 and 105 South Canal street and started for New York to secure new material, beginning business on his own
<§ih ®tm^ lah l^tXnttrB
115
account while awaiting the decision of the Lake- side Company as to its future.
That corporation had lost everything, but there were among its stockholders those who felt
could be resuscitated if Mr. Donnelley would continue his relations as manager. He accepted the proposition, continuing his own business, and also acting as manager of the Lakeside Company vmtil the completion of the new building in June, 1873. He then merged his own establishment into that of the Lakeside Company.
In 1874 JVIr. Donnelley associated with A. J. Cox in bookbinding under the style of A. J. Cox
Co.
In 1877, on account of the continued
commercial depression, the Lakeside Company closed its business, disposing of the building to the estate of P. F. W. Peck, and the machinery and printing material to R. R. Donnelley and A. T. Lloyd.
In 1878 Norman T. Cassette became inter- ested in the concern, and a corporation under the
firm name of Donnelley, Cassette & Llovd was organized. In 1879 JNIr. Donnelley purchased the interests of ]Mr. Cassette and ^Ir. Lloyd and reorganized the company under the name of
R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company. JNIr. Don- nelley has gone to his reward, but the same spirit still dominates the business in the persons of his
sons.
The firm of Culver, Page & Hoyne was a
familiar name to the older residents of Chicago
and was established in 18,54. Culver
Page
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bought out a plant owned by a Mr. Stacy, and the
following year Hoyne was made a member of the firm and the house of Culver, Page & Hoyne became identified w^ith Chicago's commercial in- terests. This concern in 1855 was the first one in the United States which printed official county record forms for the use of county officials, and
these blanks were adopted by nearly every state
in the country, particularly in the jVorth and West.
From making a specialty of official blanks and blank books the firm of Culver, Page & Hoyne became known throughout the country, and for years it was one of the important ones in its line. The institution suffered great loss b}^ the fire of 1871, but quickly re-established its business, gaining more 23atronage than ever. Financial reverses and internal disagreements among the stockholders finally forced the once noted estab- lishment to close its doors and the material w^as disposed of by piecemeal shortly after a reorgan- ization took place in the organization.
The firm of Rand, INIcXally & Co., printers.
engravers, 'electrotypers and map and book pub- lishers, takes its origin from a printing establish- ment opened in 1856 at No. 148 Lake street b\
William H. Rand, who was the senior member
of the firm. ]Mr. Rand in 1860 consolidated his office with the Tribune job department at No. 51 Clark street and assumed the superintendence^ In this capacity he continued for eight years when he and Andrew JVIcXallv with others
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formed a partnership to establish a printing and pubhshing house under the firm name of Rand, McNally & Co. In 1873 the firm was incorpor- ated as a stock company with a capital of $200,- 000 under the same name and it has since then
assumed such proportions that it is now one of the largest printing houses in this country.
October 9, 1871, when located at No. 51 Clark street, the establishment was burned out, but
business was resumed at No. 108 West Randolph street, near Desplaines, until 1873, when the company moved into its own quarters at Nos. 79-81 Madison street. This becoming too re- stricted the firm erected a new building on East ^lonroe street, and later outgrowing this they have now com2:)leted a large structure at the junction of Clark, Harrison and LaSalle streets. This is ten stories high and of the latest type of fireproof construction. JNIr. Rand withdrew from the company some twenty years ago.
This house was built under the guiding hand of Andrew jNIcNally, and there are few printing establishments on the American continent which take rank with it either in the varietv of w^ork turned out or the amount of its product. Mr. JNIcNally died on JNlay 7th, 1901, at his country home, Pasadena, Cal., his departure being recog- nized as a loss to the craft and the business world in general.
Thomas C. Haynes for many years manager
of the establishment of Rand, McNally & Co., was recognized as a workman of rare capacity
118 mh (Exmt aiab PnntrrH
and as one who was thoroughly grounded in his knowledge of the business from many angles. In 1858 Mr. Haynes was foreman of the Eve- ning Journal job department and introduced many innovations in his line that attracted wide- spread attention. He was among the first to produce high-grade color printing and was inde- fatigable in advancing the quality of his work. During his connection with INIessrs. Rand, Mc- Nally & Co. it was his privilege to see that house forge to the front and become one of the largest producers of all kinds of printing in the country, his ability as an executive being conceded by all. Samuel E. Pinta came to Chicago in 1858, he having lived for some years previously in New
Orleans. It is questionable if any member of
the fraternity in the old days or since had the equipment of JNIr. Pinta as a linguist, he being capable of executing work in English, French, Sj^anish and Italian. His first work was in the office of Wm. H. Rand, JVo. 146 Lake street, Andrew^ JMcXally being foreman at that time. All during his life Mr. Pinta took great interest in French literature, and for a time in connection with a number of others he published a French paper under the title "L'Amerique." Mr. Pinta died in 1912.
George K. Hazlitt was born in Bath, England, in 1830. Coming to this country during the war with Mexico he enlisted in the artillery branch of service, joining Major Ringgold's noted bat- tery. He participated in a number of severe en-
Wlh Emt aiub JrttttrrB 119
gagements, among others Chapultepec, Molino del Rey and Buena Vista. Upon the close of the struggle Hazlitt joined Walker's filibustering expeditions to Nicaragua and was wounded at Bluefields. Having satisfied his desire for war Hazlitt came to Chicago and during the remain- der of his life was a factor in the printing world, first as a journeyman and later as a proprietor. Organizing the firm of Hazlitt & Quinton, it con- tinued in business until the later '60's, when Quinton disposed of his interest to A. B. Reed,
the new firm being Hazlitt & Reed. This con- tinued until the death of Mr. Reed, when Mr. Hazlitt admitted his son as partner, and the busi- ness was conducted until the demise of the latter. George K. Hazlitt took the greatest interest in fraternal societies and filled all stations of prom- inence in their promotion during his career.
Napoleon B. Barlow was born in New York City in 1833, coming to Chicago when 20 years of age. Shortly after making this city his home he established the company with which he was identified for forty-five years. On account of his modest and retiring disposition he was not as well known in the community as his sterling qual- ities would warrant, but to those who were acquainted with him JNIr. Barlow was a man whose friendship was valuable. In him the strug- gling found one whose aid was beneficial and an
appeal to his generosity was never made in vain. Kindly sympathy and co-operation were always
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120 mh Wxmt lob frtnt^ra
forthcoming, and always practical when pre- sented to him.
In the printing world Mr. Barlow was unpre- tentious and conservative and gained the regard of his fellows by his uprightness and worth. In the rush and rapid changes since the fire he moved along quietly devoting his best talents to serving his patrons, building u^^ a business of successful proportions, and accumulated a substantial com- petency as the result of his toil. JNIr. Barlow died
Sept. 30, 1908.
Adam Craig was a native of Leith, Scotland, and at the age of 11 he was indentured to JNIessrs.
I .
Blackie & Sons, Glasgow, then one of the most important printing establishments in Great Britain. Here he served the required term of seven years, but wishing to add to his knowledge of the art he was induced to leave his native land and came to Chicago in the spring of 1871, first accepting employment in the office of Robert Fergus, later going into business on his own ac-
count, the firm being known as Bryant, Walker & Craig. This was one of the first establishments
in the burnt district, it being located on Lake
street, near Franklin. Becoming desirous of specializing in the way of fine printing, Mr.
Craig opened an office called the "Craig Press, and devoted his efforts along this line, finally going into the publishing branch of the industry. For more than forty j^ears he was an active fac- tor in the realm of printing in Chicago, dying on May 2, 1911. At the time of his death he was a
(§Ui ®tm^ 3fiib ftrntttB 121
member of the firm of Jacobsen Publishing Co., pubhshers of Hide and Leather.
Wilham Frankhn Hall, the founder of the W. F. Hall Printing Company, was probably one of the most successful master printers in Cliicago, if the comparatively brief period of his connection with the trade is considered. Mr. Hall was born in Columbia City, Ind., in 1862, and acquired an insight into the trade in a country newspaper office in the Hoosier State. Ambi- tious to advance, he in 1882 came to the busv hive of the industry, Chicago, and at once began his climb to distinction. For a time he pursued his calling as journeyman and later assumed the foremanship of the Regan Printing House, where his ability found scope for its display and where he demonstrated unusual forcefulness as a work- man. In 1893 Mr. Hall organized the W. F. Hall Company, and previous to his death he built one of the conspicuous printing establish- ments of the country, demonstrating possibilities in the industry that were not deemed possible. Impaired health com2:)elled a trip to Europe, and, failing of relief, his death took place in London in 1911, aged 49 years.
John Alexander was a product of the "Land of the Bonnie Braes," being born in Glasgow, Scotland, the home of good printing, in 1843, he beginning his indenture when a' lad of 11 years. Feeling the need of educational advantages, the youth pursued his studies in night schools, and through industrious application won medals of
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honor for his proficiency. Mastering the mys- tery of the art seemed natural to Alexander; he ascended all grades to the superintendency of the institution where he began his first effort, arriving at that distinction upon reaching his majority. Wishing newer and wider fields of opportunity, after several years spent as super- intendent of the Glasgow estabhshment, Mr. Alexander came to Chicago the year of the fire and associated himself with the D. C. Cook Pub- lishing Company, where he was employed almost twenty years.
There were but few craftsmen in all branches of the printing business who were so finished and capable as John Alexander, and it may be stated to his credit that under his skillful supervision many of the most imj^ortant pieces of printing of his time were executed in such rapid order as to excite comment. He was connected with a number of the leading printing firms of the city — among these were William Johnston & Co., the
Regan Printing House, and others — until shortly before his death, which occurred in April, 1909. Those whom we have been privileged to men- tion constitute but a small fraction of the number who have left an impress upon the typographical history of Chicago. They were representative followers of the vocation, with all that tlie term implies, and through their efforts the printing world as we know it in this day and generation has been the legitimate outgrowth of their en- deavors. The enterprise of these pioneer printers
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contributed striking examples of courage in over- coming the obstacles which surrounded them, and while they have passed to their reward, the memory of their achievements remains with those who have come after them, and will be cherished as a rich testimonial to the skill of their fellow- craftsmen who helped to make Chicago pre- eminently the printing center of the nation.
As an index of the tremendous strides which printing has made in a comparatively few years, it may be recalled that in the directory published in 1860-1861 there were only twenty-nine names of printers of all kinds, that is, job and news- paper, while the directory for 1911 shows no less than 1,047 book and job printing offices, exclud- ing newspapers, thereby showing the industry has developed in a ratio calculated to excite wonderment on the part of those now engaged in it. From every point of view the capacity to produce as well as the high quality of the work turned out, Chicago's supremacy is undisputed.
f-
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OIl|trago'B
iatlg
NftufipapfrH
The history of the newspaper undertakings of Chicago during the past three-quarters of a cen- tury reads hke a chapter of romance as we con- template the enthusiastic efforts with which ambitious pubhshers would inaugurate their enterprises and the many disappointments which would attend their projects within a brief space of time.
The atmosphere of early Chicago seemed charged with the stimulating ozone which took form in pretentious news])apers and periodicals, the period of rapidly changing thought, political alignment and development doubtless giving added impetus to the publication idea. At all events, there were issued newspapers and maga- zines in response rather to the impulse of the promoter than to the desire of the public or its ability to sup2:)ort these after they were started. As a consequence many of them had but an ephemeral existence, and the delver into facts is forced to turn into almost forgotten receptacles to bring forth even brief references to past publications.
After much labor and research there has been
rescued from oblivion, as far as possible, the
125
126 (Eljtragii'jB latlg "^tvoBpnptvB
names and titles of publications of former days, and it is a source of satisfaction to be able to present many enterprises. In numerous lines of effort these papers are recognized as among the most influential in their class, and while some have been doubtless overlooked in the rapidity with which this work has been compiled, on the whole the extensive list presented can be re- garded as embracing a very large percentage of the projects instituted in Chicago since the first paper was issued, almost four score years ago. The first newspaper published in Chicago was
issued by John Calhoun, in November, 1833.
Calhoun was a practical printer and started a weekly called the Chicago Democrat. The great West was then attracting settlers, and the dis- turbed conditions in the South incident to the nullification ideas of South Carolina made the time auspicious to establish a paper which would support the policies of Andrew Jackson, the then President. The Democrat continued to espouse the cause of "Old Hickory," and it found a field for its views more encouraging by far than found substantial support in a material sense. ^Ir. Calhoun was in control of the pioneer paper for three years, when he disposed of the property to John Wentworth, who later became mayor and afterward served as a member of Congress. Newspapers had been started in other portions of Illinois previous to Calhoun's venture; in fact, there were many much more promising sites for thriving and successful papers than Chicago pre-
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127
sented in 1833, and as a consequence the news- paper history of Illinois is an old and interesting
one.
In 1840 Went worth issued the Democrat as a
daily, it being the first undertaking in that line with which the city was favored.
The
pai)er
continued in its support of the principles of the Democratic party until the divisions in the organ- ization over the slavery question became so wide that a new party came to the front, and Went- worth gradually left his former affiliations and later landed in the Republican party. Party ties were being adjusted on new lines, and the Demo- crat became pronounced in its allegiance to the
new party. With the inauguration of Lincoln and imminent danger of civil war, Wentworth looked on the time as propitious to cast aside his burden of responsibility as the publisher of a daily paper, which he had been running for more than twenty years, and in 1861 the pioneer daily was turned over to the Tribune and it ceased to be issued. The later period of the Democrat's career was at a time of tremendous consequence to human rights, problems being put forward that shook the very foundations of free govern- ment and really precipitated the bloody strife of four years for final settlement. In all these Chi- cago was in Evidence, and in many particulars it was an important factor, the newspapers con-
their full share to the extraordinary development now so observable on every hand.
tributing
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128 OIl|trago*0 Sailg Nrmspapfra
Chicago Tribune^ 1847-1012: In absorbing the Chi- cago Democrat^ the first paper to be issued in this city, the Tribune may, through the right of priority at least, claim to represent a continuous publication embracing a
period of seventy-nine years^ although its own first issue was begun in 1817. The founders of the Tribune were Joseph K. C. Forrest, J. J. Kelly and J, E. Wheeler. Mr. Forrest for years had been the editor of Wentworth's Democrat, and was a brilliant writer on au}^ topic. The ownership of the Tribune was soon assumed by Wheeler, Stewart and Scri})ps, the latter member of the trinity afterward becoming one of the notable newspaper men of his time and later filled the position of postmaster, he being appointed b}^ President Lincoln.
Publishing a daily paper at that early period was by no means a sinecure, it never having been an easy task, and in a short time other changes were brought about. In 1853 an important epoch in the history of the Tribune took place, Mr. Joseph Medill buying an interest in the paper, he forming a connection with Dr. C. H. Ray and Alfred Cow^es, which made tlie Tribune a force in the city and state and rapidly pushed its claim throughout the entire Northwest. The formative stages of the Republican party were greatly aided by the vigor displayed in the espousal of the principles of freedom in the pages of the Tribune, and the paper became a valuable auxiliary in bringing about the nomination of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 and his election to the Presidency of the United States.
In 1858 the Democratic Press was taken over by the Tribune, and as stated above, three years later, 1861, the Democrat was absorbed by the proprietors, then embrac- ing John L. Scripps, William Bross, Joseph Medill, Alfred Cowles and Charles H. Ray, doubtless the most influential newspaper phalanx ever harnessed together. The monu- ment they left in evidence of this is the strongest testi- monial of the truth of the declaration. Those competent to judge concede that the Tribune as a piece of newspaper property has no superior within the limits of the United
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States and few^ if any, equals in the entire field of jour- nalism.
Every feature which contributes to the value of a great newspaper it is acknowledged the Tribune possesses, and its enterprise and independence is a household word. For over a half century this journal has been a great force as well as a prominent figure in the history of the city, state and nation, and its future seems to have quite as impor- tant a bearing upon the adjustment of perplexing problems as its past history has been valuable to the country in general in aiding in the solving of grave questions of gov- ernment.
Mr. Joseph Medill, the real founder of the Tribune, lived to see his undertaking become one of the important institutions for the advancement of progress, and his career was unique in the fact that he aided in the forma- tion of the Republican party, and much longer than any of his contemporaries he continued to exert a dominating influence in the policies it carried out. Tlie Tribune is now owned by the daugliters of ]\Ir. Medill, ]\Irs. Patterson and Mrs. McCormick. Mr. Medill lived to see all his con- temporaries, Greeley, Bennett, Raymond, Weed and Dana, pass away, and the founders of the party which he aided in building, Lincoln, Seward, Chase, Cameron and others, go to their reward, he being the sole survivor of that world's great epoch-making period.
Evening J
The first number of
Evening Journal was dated Aj^ril 22, ISii, and it at once became a vigorous supporter of Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President. As an exponent of the policies of that party the Journal quickly assumed a prominent place, and while the organization continued it loaned its influence to promoting its success. Richard I^. Wilson and J. W. Morris were the first editors and publishers, Richard L. Wilson continuing his connection with the paper during his life. Charles L. Wilson, a brother, became interested in the publication in 1819, and remained with it either as editor or adviser until his death in 1878.
130 Ollftrago'fi Satlg ^BmBpupnn
With the obliteration of the Whig party in 1853 and the gradual crystallizing of the anti-slavery sentiment the Journal entered the Republican fold^ and with the inaugu- ration of Lincoln Mr. C. L. Wilson received the appoint- ment in recognition of his services as Secretary of Lega- tion to the Court of St. James. Andrew Shuman assumed the editorship in 1861 and shaped the tone of the paper for more than a quarter of a century. His careful guidance and conservative temperament left a marked impression on the columns of the Journal^ and it came to be recognized by its freedom from sensational methods quite gtnerallv indulged in by rivals in the newspaper field.
Occupying tlie afternoon field the Journal found numerous opportunities to demonstrate the advantages which it had in purveying news^ it often announcing events
of tremendous consequence before the morning papers could get into action. This applied with special emphasis during the civil war^ when news facilities were difficult to secure and telegraphic reports had to be supplemented with couriers and correspondents that found themselves seriously handicapped in forwarding their news to its destination.
One of the important pieces of news to be credited to the Journal in war days was the announcement of the sur- render of Vicksburg and the capitulation of Pemberton's army to Grant. So far-reaching in effect was this that though the struggle was maintained for a considerable period it is conceded that the rebellion never recovered from the effects of the Vicksburg victory. Lee's collapse at Appomattox was first made known to Chicago readers through the medium of the Journal^ while the capture of Sedan by the German army and the obliteration of the fortunes of Emperor Na})oleon III. were first announced to Chicago's citizens by the *'01d Reliable/' as the Journal came to be considered by its patrons.
Confidence in a newspaper is an asset of value^ and it has been the history of the Journal to an acknowledged
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(IIl|tra9o*j0 Satlg '^tmspapttB 131
degree to have the regard of its readers. Its policy has been such as to command respect^ and its course in later years^ while possibly inclined to be less partisan^ continues to be a great power for good in this community.
As is well understood^ the conflagration of 1871 de- stroyed every newspaper establishment in the city, and effectually paralyzed efforts to resume publication because of lack of material, but the pluck of the Journal was dis- played in an extraordinary degree by the fact that while the fire was rapidly pushing its way to Lincoln Park on that fateful Monday_, the Journal publishers were invading an abandoned printing office at No. 18 South Canal street and proceeded to get out a small sheet in defiance of the calamity. No one not familiar with this period of anxiety can fully estimate the value or comprehend the encouragement which this circumstance afforded to the victims of the fire and how their hopes were revived by the example of newsj^aper enterprise.
At once business was attracted to the West Side^ and in the immediate section surrounding the Journal's loca- tion there was a revived activity that would not have been believed possible under conditions other than those stimulated by a newspaper atmosphere.
The Journal continues one of the city's great news- papers and its broadening influence and increasing patronage have been legitimately earned by uniform devo- tion to every worthy cause and in the advocacy of prin- ciples that are recognized as progressive. For about ten years John C. Eastman has been in charge of the Journal's editorial policy^ the Journal Company being registered as its publishers.
The Inter Ocean, 1872-1912: In March, 1872, there was issued from the corner of Wabash avenue and Con- gress street, now occupied by the Auditorium, a newspaper which up to that time never had a counterpart as far as its name is concerned, it being christened Inter Ocean, the departure itself attracting unusual attention. This
undertaking was sponsored by Jonathan Young Scam-
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132 (Ulftragn^fi Satlg '^tmBpuptra
mon^ a man of varied purposes^ much energy and extensive resources ; among other things he owned a bank. The latter auxiliary is recognized as a convenient attachment to a newspaper venture^ whether big or little.
The Inter Ocean came on the scene of action imme- diately foHowing the big fire^ and was turned out from a building owned by Mr. Scammon which had escaped destruction. By taking over the Associated Press fran- chise^ then controlled by the Republican^ the new pro- prietor was enabled to start in the race for popularity with this essential to success^ and while the Republican was completely absorbed^ the principles for which it stood have since found continuous advocacy in the Inter Ocean. In fact^ this publication boasts of its Republican pro- clivities and claims a local monopoly in the advocacy of the policies of the party that have dominated the country's affairs for so long a period.
The first editor of the Inter Ocean was E. W. Halford^ he continuing in that position until superseded by Frank W. Palmer^ who purchased an interest in the enterprise^ William Penn Nixon being the business manager. The financial disturbances of 1 873 seriously interfered with the prosperity of new enterprises and Mr. Scammon sold his control^ the newspaper managing to emerge from the breakers and gradually establish itself. As an exponent of the protection idea the Inter Ocean has stood without a peer^ and this feature has gained for it a standing that is recognized as of value in party councils.
During the exciting presidential campaign wherein Tilden and Hayes in 1876 battled so strong for the votes of the Southern States^ and which showed so close a finish through the manipulation of corrupt canvassing boards^ the Inter Ocean stood alone among the newspapers of the country in its claim for the election of Hayes^ and it had the satisfaction of seeing its position justified.
For upward of fifteen years^ or until October^ 1912^ the Inter Ocean was under the control of George Wheeler Hinman^ he disposing of his holding to H. H. Kohlsaat^
(Eljiragn'H Sailg Nnnapa^trrfi 133
who formerly owned the paper and who now directs the policy of the journal in the time-tried path of protection to American industry and the advocacy of Republican principles. Since Mr. Kohlsaat's advent there have been changes made in the appearance of the paper which indi- cate ripe newspaper judgment and reflect credit on his sense of typographical fitness.
Daily News, 1875-1912: This important contribution to the newspaper world was installed in a modest way on December 26^ 1875^ by three venturesome journalists
named Melville E. Stone^ Percy R. Meggy and William E. Dougherty. The undertaking was the first effort made to introduce the one-cent idea into the newspaper field of Chicago^ and^ like many enterprises of the character pertaining to establishing a dailj^ it encountered obstacles
r
that were calculated to discourage any but the most deter- mined and persevering. Meggy and Dougherty retired after a short experience^ leaving Stone to pilot the venture through the uncertain waters of hard times and much opposition.
Gradually the paper gained recognition^ and with the aid of resources supplied by Victor F. Lawson^ who now controls tlie institution^ the Daily New^s is read by a thou- sand eager patrons where less than a hundred scanned its columns in the later '70's. In advertising receipts the Daily News has grown to be a giant^ while in influence and character as a purveyor of news the undertaking stands in the front rank of newspaperdom. Mr. Stone directed the policy of the paper for upward of thirteen years^ when he retired. In May^ 1881^ a morning edition was begun^ later changing its name to the Record. In March, 1901, Mr, Lawson disposed of the Record, it being merged v/ith the Times-Herald as the Record-Herald.
The Daily News has been the exponent of independent thought in politics and has sought to eliminate sensation- alism in the printing of news. Extensive cable service for its foreign dispatches and liberal disbursements for domestic happenings has given the Daily News a follow-
]34 OII|tragn*a Satlg '^tmspnptrB
ing such as few newspapers have. Its growth is one of the conspicuous achievements in the realm of journalism and its success is the more noteworthy because of its very modest beginning.
Chicago Record-Herald: Chicago Record-Herald, established in 1881 as the Chicago Herald, March 4, 1895, the Chicago Times was merged with the Herald as Times- Herald; on March 28, 11)01, the Record was consolidated
with the Record as the Record-Herald.
aid
was attached to its creation a brilliant galaxy of news- paper writers of wide experience, the paper at once attracting attention.
Frank W. Palmer was the editor-in-chief, and such
important auxiliaries as David Henderson, John F. Bal- lentine and W. D. Bogart were his associates. James W. Scott was the publisher and business manager. Mr. Scott set out to make tlie paper one of superior typo- graphical attractiveness, and in many respects he made it a model for the country's newspapers to copy from. The artistic effect of neat display headings, symmetrical make-up and good ink and paper proved a combination
orld
d the Herald gained a place in th icli it has maintained to the Dreser
Changes occurring in the proprietorship of the paper, Martin J. Russell and Horatio W. Seymour assumed con- trol of the editorial management, the journal flourishing as few undertakings in the newspaper line had done previously, its influence being far-reaching and its patronage continued to grow. Further alterations in management affected changes in policy, leading to the absorption of the Chicago Times and later to the taking over of the Record, as mentioned above, but in no wise disturbing the hold the paper had on its patrons. The foundation for the Record-Herald's constituency, the original Record and Herald, has been so substantial as to supply a liberal and increasing patronage, and this
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OIlyira90*H latlg N^tujapap^rB
135
has been safeguarded by following a conservative course which has made friends for the paper.
Evening P
1889-1912: There have been many
journalistic ventures in Chicago with the name of Evening Post, but the one which has lasted and bids fair to become
permanent as
municipality itself
ample equipment of
one be and lib
capital in 1889 by James W. Scott and a coterie of trained
J
Th
practical band of clev
gath
at once made the enterprise a success^ and almost fr
first issue the Post had
following. O
paper was sold at two cents^ but a short time ago
price was lowered to the cheaper standard^ and
continued to fl
I
Post is regarded as a model
d
m
the p
is of meritorious
newspaper men won
d
qu
dig
A
mbe
d bearing of noted
on the Post in its early
days^ among others F. P. Dunne of ''Dool
d K
e
L
a
Shell
e
who
playwright
fterwards became prominent
John C. Shaffer is the ed
d publisher^ he owning
daily papers in the Hoosier state^ and one in L
ville^ Ky. the princi
I
number of vears the Post has leaned
f the Republ
party^ but the recent
campaign found the paper espousing the cause of the Progressives. Much space is given in the paper to music^ art^ theatricals^ book reviews and commercial and financial reports^ its patronage seeming to warrant the attention given to these departments.
Chicago American, 1900-1912: On July 4^ 1900, William Randolph Hearst launched the first number of his Chicago American, and from that day to the present there has been unusual evidence of newspaper activity. The new undertaking was so unlike what the citizens of Chicago had been familiar with that predictions were general that modifications would have to be made in the appearance of the newcomer if it would succeed. This prophecy has remained unfulfilled, and instead of their
136 OHytragn^B Satlg l^tmBpuptvB
being changes in the appearance of the Hearst addition to the journalistic fold there has come about a general acceptance of the methods of displaying news of which the American was the pioneer in this community.
Frequent editions, utilizing illustrations to the point of extravagance^ prominent and emphatic headlines^ illumi- nated colors^ signed articles^ comic sections^ serial stories and all have come to be looked on as a necessary part of the daily paper^ and in many instances these features have been adopted by other newspapers so that these innova- tions now occasion no surprise.
With the advent of the American there was inaugurated rapid methods of producing the paper and efficiency ideas in connection with its distribution which soon gained a large circulation^ and this has increased in such a ratio that the American boasts of its readers by the hundred thousand. While favoring Democratic })olicies in the con- duct of national affairs^ the American has assumed a broad and independent attitude concerning monopolies and trusts which has attached to it a large and influential following and which the signs of the times indicate is on the increase.
Chicago Examiner, 1 902-1 9 1 2 : The advantage of Chicago as a center for newspaper publishing was dem- onstrated by Mr. Hearst's efforts with the American^ and two years after its installation he began a morning issue and named it the Examiner. This was sold at one cent per copy and rapidly gained an extensive circulation^ the other morning papers being sold at two cents. The fea- tures which made the American popular were retained and the utilizing of time in sending out to outlying communi- ties a journal that would reach the reader as early as the home product soon secured a valuable recognition^ and possibly influenced the other morning papers to reduce the price at least to local consumers.
The prominence which the Hearst papers gained may be attributed to the manner in which the happenings of the day were uniquely set forth as well as the vigorous
€l|tra9o'0 Satlg ^tmspupttB 137
manner in which ideas were heralded in the editorial col- umns^ the publisher doubtless reaching the conclusion that either a considerable portion of the reading public were being overlooked or they were treated as incapable of displaying an interest in problems and questions affecting welfare. In brief^ it may be stated that independent thought in journalism and policies associated with better conditions for the common people liave been presented by
trained writers in a manner that has found an eager and increasing following anxious to receive the message and learn the lesson of democratic equality which these enter- prises teach. ^Ir. Hearst is one of the extensive pub- lishers in the United States^ his chain of papers extending from coast to coast^ and one might almost add^ from gulf to gulf. All are successful and liis organization is one of vigor and efficiency^ hence his success is not to be M^ondered at by one who studies the causes that have brought these things about.
Chicago Evening World: (Founded as the Cliicago Socialist and Chicago Daily Socialist.) Published by the Workers' Publishing Society^ No. 207 West Washington street. The Evening World is devoted to the cause of Socialism and economic reform, and can be classed as an influential journal promoting advanced industrial tliought. Gordon Nye, managing editor; Peter Bulthouse, business manager. In addition to the afternoon issue the World has a Sunday edition. The Daily Socialist, which the World supplanted, was established in 1906, and has been a creditable exponent of the socialistic idea.
Chicago Daily Press^ 1912: The Press is Chicago's latest addition to the newspaper fold, L. V. Ashbaugh, publisher. Office of publication, No. 1938 West North avenue. The first number is dated Aug. 11, 1912, and it is issued to encourage a neighborhood interest in the North- west Side section of Chicago. The Press is supplied with the service of the United Press Association, and is inde- pendent in its attitude on social and economic questions.
138 OII|tra00'fi latlg ^tmupviptrB
Issued at one cent a copy_, is liberal in views and friendly to labor^ and has many features which will commend it to readers. The paper during the months it has appealed for support has gained satisfactory headway^ and since it has ample resources and a well-appointed plant for the getting out of the paper there are many reasons for the venture to prove a success^ the publication up to the present proving the field it occupied to be an encouraging one. Chicago's rapid growth in population will justify more reading matter for the people^ especially along lines not supplied by mediums that have been established for so long a time that age has given them a conservative tendency _, and the Press expects to find recognition in this field of action.
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iitareUanwua
Mubltrattnna
'Abendpost, 1889-1912: Established by Frederick Glo- gau'er, who remains as publisher and editor. Evening Ger- man daily and Sunday edition^ Sonntagpost. Issued from publication office^ Fifth avenue and Monroe street. The Abendpost is one of the most influential German papers printed in this country.
Abend Zeitung, 1856-1858: German daily, published in 1856 by Committi and Becker. In 1858, published by Committi and Bode, edited by Henry Ginal.
Academy of Music Gazette, 1864-1867: A weekly, devoted to musical interests. W. J. Jefferson & Co., publishers, 1864-1865; G. S. Utter & Co., 1866-1867.
Advance, established September, 1867: Congrega- tional weekly published by the Advance Co. W. W. Pat- ton, D. D., editor-in-chief, 1867-1873, with J. B. T. Marsh publisher. In 1870 A. B. Nettleton was publisher. In 1873 the paper was purchased by C. H. Howard & Co. Dr. Patton was succeeded by Gen. Howard. In 1877 Rev. T. De Witt Talmage and Gen. Howard were editors. Gen. Howard continued to 1882. Rev. Dr. Robert West was editor and manager until 1886. Dr. Simeon Gilbert then became editor, with Dr. F. A. Noble as editor-in- chief. Dr. Noble retired in 1888, and a Mr. Harrison became editor and general manager. In 1907 Rev. J. A.
Adams became editor, and still fills the position. J. C. Kilner, publisher.
s paper was mentioned in
Advan
G
1869:
Th
the directory for 1869.
which continued as the Universe, June
It was absorbed by the Chicag
139
^v
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140 MiBttiinntonR JPuhltrattonfi
Advent Christian Times, 1861-1877: A Second- Ad- vent weekly. In 1873 W. L. Hines was editor; in 1874- 1875, William Sheldon; 1876-1877, Frank Burr. The publishers during these periods were the Western Advent Christian Publishing Society.
Advertiser's Assistant, 1871-1872: Monthly. Cook, Coburn & Co., editors and publishers.
Advocate, 1873-1877: An insurance monthly. The Protection Life Insurance Co., publishers in 1874 and
1875. In 1876 and 1877 Martin Rvan was editor and publisher.
Advocate of Peace, 1869-1871: IMontlilv. The Amer- ican Peace Society, editors and publishers. Dated at Boston and Chicago.
Agents' Guide, 1873-1880: Monthly. James P. Scott, editor and publisiier.
Agerdyrkning and Oeconomie, 1870-1871: Scandina- vian. Barthene & Rene are given as publishers in the Chicago City Directories for 1870 and 1871.
Agitator, 1869: ^lentioned in Directory of 1869 as a woman's periodical.
Agriculture and Family Gazette, 1879: Mentioned in the Directory for 1879. Ray Lespinasse, manager.
Alarm, 1878-1881: An English organ of the Working- man's party. Edited by Alfred R. Parsons, one of the Chicago anarchists executed November, 1887.
All the World Over, 1878: Mentioned in the Direc- tory for 1878. G. F. Thomas, publisher.
Amateur's Journal, 1879: An amateur paper edited and published by Henry F. Donohoe.
American, 1835-1839: A Whig paper, issued daily after April 9, 1839. Edited by T. O. Davis, 1835-1837;
William Stuart, 1837.
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MlBniinntans PublirattanB 141
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American Antiquarian, 1878-1881 : Established and edited by Stephen D. Peet. After the first three volumes the name of the paper was changed to American Anti- quarian and Oriental Journal. Published as a quarterly until 188i.
American Artisan and Hardware Record, 1881-1912: Originally established as a monthly^ later changed to a semi-monthly; in 1885 tlie publication was made a weekly^ and so has continued to the present. Issued from No. 537 South Dearborn street. Daniel Stcrn^ publisher and pro- prietor since the paper was established. The American Artisan is devoted to the interests of the stove^ tin. hard- ware, heating and ventilating industries. Subscrij^tion price $2.00 per year. This publication circulates in every portion of the United States and is a recognized authority in the field it occupies.
American Aspirant, 1871-1876: Edited and published by A. F. Bradley & Co.
American Bee Journal, 1861 to date: Monthly. De- voted to the interests of bee keepers. In 1873-1871 W. I\ Clarke was editor; T. G. Newman^ business manager; and the American Publishing Co.^ publishers. In 1875 Mr, Clarke and Mrs. E. S. Tupper were editors. T. G. New- man was editor and publisher in 1876. For the four years following T. G. Newman was editor; Newman & Sons^ publishers. In 1907 George W. York was editor^ the pub- lishers were George W. York & Co.
AiMKRicAN Builder and Journal of Art^ Oct. 15, 1868-1872: Monthly. Established by Charles D. Lakey, publisher, with J. C. Adams as editor. Lakey later be- came editor and Stanley Waterloo associate. The publi- cation was designed to interest builders and to remedy defects in American architecture.
American Cabinet Maker, Upholsterer and Carpet Reporter, 1870-1881: A trade paper, published in Bos- ton, with branch offices in Chicago, Cincinnati, Philadel-
142 MxBttiivinttiUB J^ttbltrati0na
phia, and New York. J. Henry Symonds was editor and publisher in 1876, and in 1880.
American Carpenter and Builder, 1905-1912: Pub- lished monthly. Wm. A. Radford^ editor. Issued monthly from No. 178 West Jackson boulevard. The American Carpenter and Builder is devoted to all branches of the building industry. Each issue is from 140 to 180 pages. Business manager^ E. L. Hatfield. The corporation is chartered under the statutes of West Virginia^ and the periodical has a circulation of approximately 40,000.
American Chess Journal, 1878-1881 : A monthly^ given to problems of the game of chess.
American Churchman, 1862-1871 : An Episcopal church paper edited by Hugh Miller Thompson. In 1869 H. R. Hayden was publisher. The American Churchman Co. publishers, 1870 and 1871.
American Contractor, 1879-1912: A monthly devoted to trade, especially to furnishing advance reports of build- ing projects before the closing of contracts. B. Edwards & Co. publishers, 1895; American Contractor Co. in 1899. H. A. Beckel editor, and the American Contractor Publish- ing Co. publishers.
Americanischer Farmer, 1871-1874: A German
weekly. Julius Silversmith was editor; the Cosmopolitan
Publishing Co. were publishers. Listed in 1874 as Amerik Farmer.
American Florist : Established in 1 885, by J. C. Vaughan. Published weekly from No. 440 South Dearborn street, by the American Florist Co. Each issue embraces from 64 to 100 or more pages. Subscription price, United States and Mexico, $1.00 per year; Canada, $2.00; coun- tries in the Postal Union, $2.50. The American Florist circulates exclusively among the flower trade. Advertising carried for the flower trade solely or activities associated with the business. Official journal of numerous floral or- ganizations. Michael Barker, editor and manager.
MiBttiiuntonB T^nbixtutwns 143
American Food Journal, 1906-1912: Published in the interest of pure food and correct labeling of goods. H. B, Meyers & Co.^ publishers. Office of publication^ No. 15 S. Market street. Herman B. Meyers^ editor. Subscription price^ $ 1 .00 per year. The American Food Journal is issued monthly.
American Furniture Gazette, 1878-1881: A monthly trade periodical.
American Furniture Manufacturer, 1911-1912: Published by the Trade Periodical Co.^ at No. 335 Dear- born street. P. D. Francis^ president. With this publica- tion is incorporated the Futrniture Factory. Subscription price^ $1.00 per year. All branches of furniture making is treated of in the American Furniture Manufacturer. Each issue contains sixty-four or more pages.
American Graphic, 1879-1905: A society monthly.
American Home, 1877-1881 : A bi-monthly family periodical. In 1879 and 1880 Mrs. T. C. Campbell was editor and publisher.
American Home Magazine, 1873: An illustrated mag- azine. C. H. Taylor & Co.^ proprietors.
American Homes Magazine, 1 871 : An illustrated magazine published by Henry L. Shepard & Co. F. W. McClure was manager in 1871. Listed also as American Home.
American HoxMeopath, 1878-1880: A monthly homeo- pathic journal^ published in New York^ dated from New York and Chicago until 1880. In 1879 J. P. Mills was editor ; A. L. Chatterton & Co.^ publishers. In 1880 Charles E. Blumenthal^ M. D.^ was editor; A. L. Chat- terton Publishing Co., publishers. Vols. 2 and 3 were called American Homeopathist and later volumes, Ameri- can Physician.
American Horse-Shoer and Hardware Journal, 1876-1881: A commercial monthly.
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144 MxBttiiun^atXB JubltratwnB
American Journal of Education, 1868-1879: A
monthly educational magazine. Edited and published in 1873 by Rev. E. N. Andrews and Grace. Hurwood. In 1875 and 1876^ J. B. Merwin was editor and publisher. In 1879 J. B. JVIerwin and R. B. Shannon were editors and publishers.
American Journal of Materia Medica, 1861-J862: A monthly medical journal, edited by G. E. Shipipan, M. D. ; published by Halsey & King.
American Law Manual, 1864-1867: A quarterly pub- lication, devoted to legal interests. Elijah M. Haines^ publisher, 1861-1867.
American Lumberman^ 1899-1912: Leading exponent of the American lumber indu8tr3\ Issued weekly from No. 431 South Dearborn street^ Chicago. The American Lum- berman is tlie combined outgrowth of the Northwestern Lumberman^ established in 1873^ and the Timberman^ founded in 1886. The publication is conducted by a cor- poration owned by the J. E. Defebaugh estate. Elmer C, Hole^ secretary and treasurer of the company^ is also the manager. John E. Williams and Willard C. Howe^ editors. Subscription price^ $i.00 per year. The American Lum- berman is recognized as the leading trade paper of the American continent and w^ields a wide influence in varied branches of the lumber industry. Each issue embraces from 100 to 250 pages^ covering every feature of the lum- bering trade.
Amateur Mechanic^ July^ 1 877 : A monthly edited and published by Samuel Harris.
American Messenger, 1868-1871 : Monthly. Pub- lished in English as the American Messenger and in Ger- man as the Americanischer Botschafter. American Tract Society^ publishers.
American Miller, 1873-1912: Devoted to milling. Published one year at Ottawa before removal to Chicago, May^ 1874. It was originally owned and edited by S, S.
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145
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Chisholm, with whom' was associated Arthur J. Mitchell, and subsequently, in 1876, Harley B. Mitchell. The American Miller Publishing Co. was incorporated in 1878, and in 1882 the corporation was changed to Mitchell Brothers Co. In 1907-1912 H. B. Mitchell was editor. The officers of the company are: H, B. Mitchell, presi- dent; j\I. W. Mitchell, vice-president; A. J. Mitchell, secretary-treasurer.
Amateur Monthly, 1871-1872: An amateur paper, established by C. C. Hoyt and Will E. Gard.
Ameri
Odd F
AND M
OF I
AND Art, 1848: Monthly. This was the first organ of secret societies in Chicago. Edited by J. L. Enos and Rev. Wm. Rounseville; published by James L. Enos &
Co.
American Photo-Engraver, 1908-1912: Issued monthly as the official journal of the Photo-Engravers' Union of North America. ^Matthew Woll, editor; F. H. Glenn, John Schussler, F. R. Ballbach, associate editors. Office of publication. No. 6111 Bishop street. Subscription price, 50 cents per year. Each issue embraces from 32 to 48 pages.
American Poultry Journal — Established in 1874, in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, by C. J. Ward, and moved to Chicago in 1876: An illustrated monthly, devoted to thoroughbred chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese. Ward & Darrah, publishers. In 1879 C. J. Ward, H. C. Darrah and C. W. Heaton were editors; Ward & Darrah, publishers. The paper was purchased by Morgan Bates in 1888. George G. Bates bought it in 1894, and the American Poultry Journal Publishing Co. was incorporated in 1902. In 1907 George G. Bates was editor; in November, 1909, James W. Bell was chosen president of the Journal Com- pany and assumed the editorial chair. Prince T. Woods, M. D., managing editor; Helen T. Woods, editor Woman's Department. New York office, 170 Broadway, C. W. Zimmer, manager. The American Poultry Journal is the
146 MxBniivLntansi pttbltrattuna
oldest poultry paper in America, it having a national and international reputation. The best writers contribute to its pages, and its advertising patronage is from breeders of standard poultry and dealers in appliances of approved make and guaranteed reliability. Terms of subscription, 50 cents per year. At different times daily, weekly and semi-monthly editions have been published.
American Roofer, 1911-11)12: Issued monthly in the interest of the roofing, fireproofing and waterproofing trades. Eugene M. Pope, publisher. Subscription price, $1.00 per year. Publication office. Room 20, Times Build- ing.
American Spirit and Wine Trade Review, 1862-1881: A commercial semi-monthly publication. J. T. Pratt was
editor, 1878-1879.
American Stockman, 1879 to date (1881): A stock journal, edited by E. W. Perry, published by American Stockman Co.; daily, semi-weekly and weekly in 1880; weekly in 1881.
American Stone Trade, 1907-1912: Exponent of the stone interests of the United States. Issued monthlv bv the Harvey Publishing Co., E. H. Defebaugh, president. Henrj^ C. Whitaker, managing editor. Subscription price,
$1.00 per year.
American Swineherd, 1885-1912: Devoted to swine raising and special advocate of superior breeds of swine. Founded by Jas. Baynes, in 1885. Issued monthly by the American Swineherd Publishing Co., from No. 443 South Dearborn street. Subscription price, 50 cents per year.
American Tourist Hotel and Travel News. The
publication embraces 72 pages^ and covers all subjects per- taining to tourings hotel accommodations^ etc., etc. C. E. Hunt continues as editor^ and is president and manager of the company controlling the periodical.
American Trade Journal, 1875-1881: A commercial
monthly.
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American Traveler, 1889-1909: This publication was founded in the interest of travelers and touring parties de- sirous of exploring their own country before investigating other lands. C. E. Hunt, editor and manager.
American Working People, 1873: R. C. Machesney,
editor.
Amerikan, 1875-1912: Bohemian. August Geringer,
publisher. Listed in the 1877-1881 directories as weekly
edition of Svornost (which see). Since 1907 it has been a bi-weekly.
Amusement World^ December, 1878: A weekly review of drama, music and fine arts. Edited by Frank I. Jervis, published by W. E. Smith.
Anzeiger, 1867: German. George F. Gross, pub- lisher.
Appeal, 1876-1880: A bi-weekly, published in the in- terest of the Reformed Episcopal church. Bishop Samuel Fallows, editor; E. P. Brooks & Co., publisiicrs, in 1880.
Arbeiter Zeitung, 1876-1911: Workmen's socialist organ begun as a tri-weekly. Conrad Conzett was editor until 1878, when he sold to the Socialist-Labor party act- ing under the name of Socialist Publishing Company. The
paper was made a daily at the end of 1878. August Spies became editor in 1 880, and Michel Schwab, member of the staff, were implicated in the Haymarket riots in 1886; Spies was hanged, and Schwab, condemned to imprison- ment for life, jDardoned by Gov. Altgeld in 1893. The publishing company was incorporated in 1892 as the Ar- beiter-Zeitung Publishing Co.
Arbeiterfreund, 1874: German. Rudolph Ruhbaum, proprietor.
Argus, 1877-1911: An insurance monthly. C. E. Rol- lins was editor and publisher until December, 1877, then editor and manager to October, 1908. Since December,
I
148 MxBtHimxtanB Publtratinna
1877^ Rollins Publishing Co. have been publishers. Since 1886 the editors have been: J. H. Kellogg^ 1887; Charles A. Hewitt, 1888-1891; F. C. Oviatt, 1892-1895; A. H. Ruling, 1896-1899; C. F. Howell, 1900; P. J. V. McKian, 1901-1901; T. W. Dealy, 1905-1908; P. J. V. McKian, the present editor.
Art Journal, October, 1867-1871: Monthly. Estab- lished by Martin O'Brien. At the close of the first year J. r\ Aitken & Co. became the publishers^ Charles A. Evans^ the editor.
Arts, 1870-1871: Monthly. Published and edited by Joseph M. Hirsh & Co.
Ashlar, September^ 1855-1861 : A ]\Iasonic monthly published simultaneously in Cliieago and Detroit. Estab- lished by Allyn Weston and conducted by him through three volumes. In January^ 1861^ Ashlar^ ^'devoted to Masonry^ general literature and j^rogress/' was edited by
»
J. Adams Allen.
Augustan A och ]\Iissioxarex, 1 873-1 912: In 1 876
this weekly was divided into two fortnightlies^ Augustana and IVIissionaren. The name became Augustana in 1885. Dr. Hasselquist was the first editor; he was succeeded in 1858 by Eric Norclius^ and he by Erland Carlsson^ who was editor until 1861; A. R. Cervin, 1861-1868; J. G. Princell^ January-July^ 1869 ; Hasselquist and others, 1869-18!)0; S. P. A.^ Lindahl, 1890-1008; Dr. L. G. Abrahamson, 1908.
Bakers^ Helper, 1887-1912: Established originally as a house organ^ but passed to its present ownership^ the Bakers' Helper Co.^ in 1893. Issued monthly^ each num- ber embracing from 1 00 to 1 20 pages. Devoted to all branches of the baking industry. The Bakers' Helper has been awarded the ''Gold Marks'' for quality by the Ameri- can Newspaper Directory. H. R. Clissold is president of the company^ and E. T. Clissold is secretary. Office of publication^ No. 43 1 So. Dearborn street. Subscription -^ price^ $1.00 per year.
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Balance, 1872-1877: A monthly devoted to woman suffrage. Maria Hawley and Mary Tomlin were editors and publishers, 1872-1875. In 1876 the editors were Maria Hawley _, Odelia Blinn, and Laura M. Hubbard.
Bank-Note List, 1 855-1861 : A semi-monthly edited and published by Granger Adams, a banker. Devoted to financial matters_, with reference to the means of detecting counterfeits^ and containing a report of the banks that were embarrassed or had ceased to be solvent.
Bank Note Reporter and Counterfeit Detector, 1859-1860: Listed in city Directories for 1859 and 1860 as issued monthly and semi-monthly by E. K. Willard and Mr. Young.
Banner, 1869 to date^ 1909: A weekly paper^ pub- lished by Frank E. Stanley.
Baptist Monthly, January^ 1860-1861 : W. Stuart Goodno^ publisher.
Baptist Union, 1871-1875 : A Baptist paper. In
1871, Rev. G. H. Ball, D. D,, and Rev. J. B. Drew, D. D.^ were editors; the Baptist Printing Union, publishers. In
1872, Rev. Dr. Drew was succeeded by Rev. S. W. Whit- ney. The same editors and publishers continued until 1874, when E. W. Page became publisher. In 1875 Dr. Ball was editor^
Barrel and Box, 1806-1012: Established in Louisville, Ky., and moved to Chicago in 1007. Issued monthly. E. H. Defebaugh, editor and proprietor. Devoted to tlie box, cooperage, pail, stave, heading and hoop industries. Sub- scription price, $1.50 per year.
Bee Keepers' Magazine, 1873-1871: A monthly, de- voted to bee keeping. H. A. King and Company were editors and publishers in 1873 and 1871.
Bell, 1872-1875: A Baptist monthly. In 1875 it was edited by the Young People's Association of the Western Avenue Baptist Church; published by Guilbert & Clissold.
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150 MiBtelinntaxxB Publiratuma
Bell Telephone News, 1911-1912: Issued monthly in the interest of the employes of the Chicago Telephone Co.^ the Wisconsin Telephone Co.^ Central Union Telephone Co.^ the Cleveland Telephone Co.^ and the Michigan State Telephone Co. Amory T. Irwin^ editor. General offices^ No. 230 West Washington street. The News occupies the
field formerly covered bv five publications devoted to th
subjects treated by those publications.
Belletristische Zeituxg, 1866-1876: Sunday edition of the Chicago Union^ edited and published in 1876 by Hermann Lieb.
Ben Franklin Monthly, 1903-1912: Issued by the Ben Franklin Club of Chicago. Wm. J. Hartman^ man- aging editor. Publication office^ 1110 Harris Trust Build- ing. Subscription price^ $1.00 per year. The Ben Frank- lin Monthly is published in the interest of all branches of the printing industry. John D. Lahan^ 79-81 Reade street, New York, is the Eastern representative of the publication. The Ben Franklin Montlily lias been prominent in encour- aging efforts to determine the cost of producing printing, and to advance all branches of printing.
Bench and Bvr, 1870-1 87 i: A monthly legal publica- tion, edited by James A. L. Whittier; published by Cal- laghan & Co.
Beobachter, 1877-1912: A German paper, founded at Wheaton by Paul Geleff. Henry Wilhelmy owned and conducted the paper from 1885 to 1892. After that, A. Paessler was the proprietor. For years the official paper of a number of suburban towns and of Du Page County. It absorbed the McHenry P'amilienfreund, 1895; the Joliet Volksblatt, 1 896 ; the Chicago Concordia, 1 899, and the Harlem Post, 1906. It is known as Beobachter and Post^ published by the Beobachter and Post Publishing Co.
Better Covenant, 1843-1847: A religious paper, es- tablished at Rockford; taken to St. Charles and thence to Chicago. Edited by Rev. Seth Barnes, 1843-1844; Rev. Wm. Rounseville and C. B. Ingham, 1844-1845; Mr. Ing-
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ham, 1845-1847. In 1847 it was sold to John A. Gurley of the Star of the West, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Bladet, February, 1877-1912: Established by John Martenson as a fortnightly Swedish Lutheran paper. In 1879 it was combined with Zions Baner, owned by K. Erixon, who became joint owner with Martenson. Victor Rylander later became a member of the firm. John Mar- tenson has been editor from the beginning.
Blue Book Magazine : Devoted to dramatic happen- ings, current literature, stories of the stage, etc. Issued monthly by the Story-Press Corporation, North American Building. Louis Eckstein, president; Chas. M. Richter, business manager. Subscription price, $1.50 per year. Two other periodicals are published by this corporation, viz., the Green Book Magazine and Red Book Magazine.
Bookseller and Stationer, 1879 to date (1881): A trade monthly. J. Fred Waggoner was editor and pub- lisher in 1879 and 1880.
Bonds and Mortgages, 1896-1912: Issued monthly. Devoted exclusively to investments in real estate mortgages. Pubhcation office, 1142 Monadnock Block. F. H. Ertel, publisher, who has been serving as such since the publica- tion was founded. Subscription price, $1.00 per year.
Botanical Bulletin, 1875-1876: A monthly, em- bracing all departments of botanical science. Established by Dr. John M. Coulter, editor and publisher. In No- vember, 1876, it was changed to Botanical Gazette. From January, 1878, to January, 1882, M. S. Coulter was asso- ciated with his brother as editor. The editors were also publishers until July, 1896, when the University of Chi- cago became the publisher. It has continued so to date.
Brick and Clay Record: Published semi-monthly by Kenfield-Leach Co., 445 Plymouth court, Chicago. Devoted to the various branches of the brick industry. Subscription rates, $1.00 per year. All subjects pertaining to clay- working are treated in this periodical. Volume 41, No. 11,
is of the issue of Dec. 1, 1912.
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152 MiBttiivLntonB publirattona
Bridal Bells^ 1872-1877: Semi-monthly. Edited and published in 1877 by Eugene T. Gilbert.
Bridal Veil, 1873-1877: Edited and published in 1874 by H. M. Habel^ as a semi-monthly. Bi-weekly in 1875^ published by the Bridal Veil Co.
Bright Side, 1869-1872: John B. Alden was editor; Alden and True^ publishers. In 1871 it was published by the Bright Side Co. in w^eekly^ semi-monthly^ and monthly editions. The following year^ with a cliange of editor^ the name was clianged to Briglit Side and Family Circle. C. G. G. Paine was editor in 1872 and 1873, The Bright Side Company continued as publishers.
Budget, 1878-1881 : Brainerd and Daniels were ed- itors; A. Porter was publisher. Issued weekly.
Bulletin of the American Pharmaceutical Associa- tion, 1005-1012: Issued monthly by the American Phar- maceutical Association. J. H. Beal^ editor. Office of pub- lication^ No. 71 East Twelfth street^ Chicago. Subscription
price^ $1.00 per year. Bunder-Posaune.
877-1870: A German evangelical
montlily^ published under the auspices of the Publishing Committee of the German National Y. M. C. A.^ with Rey. J. D. Seyeringhaus as editor^ Seyeringhaus & Co.^ publishers.
Call, 1878-1881: A Sunday paper^ deyoted to matters of family interest. T. J. Morrow was editor and pub- lisher in^l880.
Canner and Dried Fruit Packer, 1891-1912: Issued weekly by the Canner Publishing Co,^ No. 222 North Wabash ayenue. Jas. J. Mulligan^ editor; George Shaw, business manager. Subscription rates, $3.00 per year.
Carl Pretzet/s National Weekly, 1 874^-1 893 : A comic paper, written in German-English lingo. C. H. Harris, editor and publisher.
Catholic Pilot, 1874^-1881 : A Catholic weekly. Edited and published by M. J. Cahill.
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Catholic Vindicator, 1873-1877: Edited by Dr. D. W. Nolan; published by the Catholic News Co,
Cement World, 1907-1012: Published in the interest of the cement industry. Issued monthly from No. 241 South Fifth avenue. W. A. Radford^ editor; E. L. Hat- field^ general manager. The Cement World is owned by a corporation.
Champion of Fair Play, 1878-1912: An English and German weekly devoted to liquor interests. Edited and published by R. J, Halle.
Chicago Alliance, 1873-1882: A non-sectarian weekly founded by a group of clergymen including Prof. David Swings Rev. Robert Collyer^ Dr. Hiram A. Thomas and others. One by one the editors withdrew^ leaving Prof. Swing as editor-in-chief and chief contributor- His weekly sermon-essay was the leading feature througliout the existence of the paper.
Chicago Chronicle, 1895-1908: Upon the merging of the Times with the Herald there was left no advocate of the policies of the Democratic party in the city^ and this fact influenced Horatio W. Sevmour and Martin J. Russell, two newsjjaper men of experience^ to start the Chronicle^ tlie rirst issue appearing on May 28^ 1895. From the first the undertaking was a success, the paper quickly forging to the front. The financial controversv of 1896 over the silver issue interfered with the progress of the paper and the difficulties whicli its principal owner, Mr. J. R. Walsh, encountered seriously hampered the prospects of the paper and it was forced to sus})end.
Chicago Commerce, 1901-1912: Issued weekly by the Chicago Association of Commerce, under direction of the General Publicity Committee of the organization. Wm. Hudson Harper, editor. The publication is devoted pri- marily to extending Chicago's domestic and foreign trade. Subscription price, $1.00 per year.
Chicago Commercial Advertiser, 1873-1880: A com-
154 MxBttiiantanB P«hUrationjB
mercial weekly paper. It was edited and published in 1871 bv Burch and Ford: in 1875 bv Robert B. Ford & Co.; in 1876 by the Metropolitan Printing Co.^ and in
1877 and 1878 by C. S. Burch; in 1878 by Commercial
Advertiser Co._, and in 187D again by Burch. Beginning
July 11^ 1881^ J. S. Salisbury was editor until July 1^
1886. F. W. Palmer became editor and continued to
March 25, 1807. From Marcli, 1880, to September 1,
1882, the paper was called Industrial World and Com- mercial Advertiser. Its name then became Industrial World and Iron V/orker. In March, 1898, it was merged wuth Iron Trade Review as Industrial World and Iron Worker.
Chicago Daily Dispatch: Founded in 1892 by Jos. R. Dunlop. The Dispatch occupied the afternoon field, and early secured an influential following because of its vigor- ous treatment of questions that deeply concerned the public. Mr. Dunlop, its editor and publisher, gained valuable news- paper experience under Wilbur F. Storey of the Chicago Times, introducing some of these features into the Dis- ])atch, which was independent in tone and vigorous in liandling questions that concerned the common people. The })olicy of the Dispatch was in close sympathy Avith the cause of labor and it was the first paper to have a labor bureau. Building up a successful journalistic enterprise is a diffi- cult undertaking, and the founder of tlie Dispatch, after ten years of close application, found his strength giving way, and in 1897 turned the paper over to other hands, it suspending publication shortly after.
Chicago Dairy Produce, 1891-1912: Published by the Chicago Produce Co., No. 136 West Lake street. S. B. Shilling, president and manager; George Caven, secretary
and editor. Published in the interest of creameries and the butter trade.
Chicago Daily Socialist, 1906-1912: Issued under the auspices of the Workers* Publishing Society. The Daily Socialist was the recognized exponent of the Marxian school
MiBCtiisiXiBatXB Publtrattflita 155
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of Socialism^ it advocating co-operation between producers
and consumers to the end that competition be avoided and
profit eliminated^ all activity being put forward for the
advantage of the commonAvealth. A. M. Simons was the first editor^ with Mrs. May Wood Simons as assistant. Many changes have taken place since the Daily Socialist was first established^ the publication seeming to have had the difficulties incident to undertakings in the newspaper field. (Name changed to Daily World.)
Chicago Dailv Times, 1 851-1 860 : The founders of the Times were Isaac Cook^ J. W. Sheahan and Daniel Cameron. It was a Democratic daily, edited by Sheahan in 1854-1856; Sheahan and Cameron^ 1856-1858 ; Shea- han and William Price, 1858-1860. In 1860 Cvrus H. McCormick, owner of the Herald^, purchased the Times and consolidated the two papers.
Chicago Democrat, 1833-1861: Established bv John Calhoun. The Democrat was the pioneer newspaper of Chicago. Its owner was a practical and well qualified printer^ who acquired a knowledge of printing in New York statCj bringing his material with him to fit up his establish- ment. The paper esnoused the policy of President Jackson. Many difficulties were encountered in the effort to keep the undertaking goings occasional suspensions occurring because of lack of resources^ the enterprise continuing
der Calhoun
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bought the publication^ establishing the first daily ncM'^s- paper in Chicago.
Chicago Eagle, 1889-1912: Issued weekly from the Teutonic Buildings Washington street and Fiftli avenue. Henry F, Donovan, editor and publislier. The Eagle is devoted to the advancement of municipal matters^ social improvement and political affairs. Subscription price^ $2,00 per year. The Eagle is independent in political alignment.
Chicago Field, 1876-1881: A sportsman's weekly. Its publishers have been: C. W. Marsh & Co., 1874-1879;
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Chicago Field Publishing Co., March 1, 1879-July 1, 1881;
American Field Publishing Co., July 2, 1881, to date.
Edited by Marsh & Co. to March 1, 1876. March 4, 1876,
Dr. N. Rowe assumed editorial charge, and on March 3,
1877, became editor and continued as such until his death, Marcli 10, 1806. From 1876 G. W. Strell was associated witli Dr. N. Rowe, was managing editor 1886-1896, and general manager and editor, 1806 to date. Title was changed to American Field on July 2, 188L
Chicago Legal Xews^ 1867-1912: Founded by Mrs. Myra Bradwell, wlio was editor for twenty-five years. Mrs. Bradwell was succeeded by her husband, who was editor for three years, or until 1007. jNlrs. Bessie Bradwell Hel- mer is tlie successor of her father as editor since his demise. Published weekly by the Legal News Company, No. 32 North Clark street. Subscription price, $2.20 per year. The Legal News is the oldest publication in its line in Chicago,
Chicago Librarian, 1872-1873: Monthly, devoted to the library interests of the city. Attention was paid the public library then being reorganized and replenished ; monthly list of books received by the library was printed.
Chicago Magazine, The West as It Is^ 1857: Founded by the Mechanics' Listitute, an organization for night- study, the object being partly to secure exchanges gratis for its library. Zebina Eastman was the editor; John Gager & Co., publishers. The magazine was devoted to literature, biography, historical reminiscence, etc.
Chicago ]\Iagazixe of Fashion, Music, and Home Reading, 1 870- 1 876 : Monthly. This magazine was founded by a group of fashionable women. Mrs. M. L. Rayne was editor and proprietor for the first four years.
Chicago Medical Examiner, 1860-1875: N. S. Davis, M. D., and Frank W. Reilly, M. D., were editors, and W. Cravens & Co., publishers, 1861-1862; N. S. Davis was editor from 1863 to 1870. From 1873 to 1875 N. S. and I. H. Davis were editors and publishers. In 1875 the
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Medical Examiner was united with the Chicago Medical Journal as the Chicago Medical Journal and Examiner.
Chicago Medical Journal, 1858-1875: Daniel Brain- ard was publisher in 1 859 and 1 860 ; J. Adams Allen^ M. D.^ editor; C, N. Goodell_, publisher. The periodical was devoted to the interests of Rush Medical College. J. Adams Allen and Walter HaVj, M. D.^ were editors^ 1870-1875; W. B. Keen, Cooke & Co., publishers.
Chicago Medical Journal and Examiner, 1875-1884: W. H. Byford^ A. M.^ M. D.^ editor; the Chicago ^Medical Press Association^ publishers; in 1882 N. S. Davis^ M. D.^ James Nevins Hyde^ M. D.^ and Daniel R. Brower were editors. Monthly.
Chicago Medical Recorder, 1890-1012: Issued monthly under the auspices of an advisory board of prominent physicians and surgeons. Editors in charge^ Dr. A. R. Reynolds, Dr. H, T. Byford, Dr. E. J. Doering. Office of publication, Pullman Building. Subscription price, $L00 per year. The Medical Recorder each month circulates among 10,000 members of the medical profession. E. J. Doering, M. D., manager.
Chicago Mining Review, 1878-1912: Mining and in- dustrial journal published monthly. Mining Review Publishing Co., publishers in 1880. From 1880 to after 1886 the name was given as Mining Review. The paper in 1907 added Metallurgist.
Chicago National, 1 871-1 87 i: Devoted to insurance interests. The National Life Insurance Co., publishers. In 1873 John H. Holmes was editor. W. C. Cockson was editor in 1874.
Chicago Packer: Office of publication. No. 242 North Clark street. W. T. Seibels, manager. Devoted to the interests of commercial growers, packers and shippers of fruits, vegetables, butter and produce. Issued weekly by the Barrick Publishing Co., with headquarters at Kansas City, where the publication was established in 1894.
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158 MxBttiiuntotXB l^nhixtntwnB
Chicago Post, 1876-1878: Woodbury M. Taylor was president of the owning company, and was manager until December, 1877; McMullen Bros, were publishers for some months in 1877. The })aper was conducted by Frances E. Willard for a brief period, and in August, 1878, it was sold to the Daily News, the desire to gain an Associated Press franchise being the principal reason for the purchase.
Chicago Produce News, 1001-1912: Issued weekly by tlie Produce and Distributing Publishing Co., No. 208 Nortli Fifth avenue. H. L. Preston, editor. Five editions of the Produce News are printed, viz., one in New York city, one in Cliicago, one in Cincinnati, one in Dallas, Tex., and one in Jacksonville, Fla. Subscription price, $1.00 per year.
Chicago Railway Review, 1868-1807: Established as
a weeklv bv Stanlev G. Fowler and D. C. Brooks. Wil
lard A. Smith in 1873 bought out the interest of the founders, and continued as editor and manager until furtlier consolidations took place, and in 1807 the name was changed.
Chicago Record, 1857-1862: Monthly. Edited by James Grant ^Vilson. Devoted to literature and fine arts. In ]\Iarch, 186*2, Wilson disposed of the publication and entered the Union army, where he became prominent. The Record was the pioneer paper of its kind in the North- west. Changes in name and proprietorship took place, and the Record continued until 1880.
Chicago Teacher, 1872-1875: Issued monthly. Baker ajid jMahony were editors in 1873; Jeremiah jNIahony, 187i; John W. Brown, 1875.
Chicago Times, 1861-1805: W. F. Storey took over the Times from C. H. McCormick, and it soon became one of the leading papers of the country. The policy of the paper antagonized the prosecution of the civil war, and an order for its suppression was issued by Gen. Burnside, com- manding the Department of the Northwest. This was
MxsttllnntotXB ^^ubltrattottH 159
put into execution on June 3^ 1863, the suspension lasting two days, President Lincoln revoking the order. After the war the paper gradually assumed a more independent attitude, and while leaning in the direction of the Demo- cratic party, it was because of its news features and fear- less discussion of questions that the Times made itself felt. Mr. Storey's personality dominated the paper for more than twenty years, his death occurring in 1881. For a time the paper was conducted by a receiver, and in 1887 a new organization took the property. In 1891 Carter H. Har- rison bought the Times, and in March, 1895, it was merged with the Herald. Four years later a consolidation of these papers was effected with the Record, under the name of the Record-Herald.
Chicago Western Home, 1868-1875: Issued monthly. A. Parkhurst & Co., publishers, 1869; Stoddard and Park- hurst, 1870; Western Home Company, editors and pub- lishers, 1875.
Chicagoan/ 1868-1869: H. N. F. Lewis, publisher. After about one year the Chicagoan absorbed Sorosis and Advance Guard.
Chicagoer Handels-Zeitung, 1875-1879: German commercial weekly. C. Wenborne and J. Lingenberg were editors in 1877; Sittig and Wenborne, publishers. In 1879 Hermann Lieb was editor; the Chicago Democrat Printing Co., publishers.
Chicagoer Neue Freie Presse, 1874-1912: German- American Publishing Co., until April, 1901, when Freie Presse was sold to the Illinois Publishing Co., Richard Michaelis became general manager. In August, 1905, he sold his holding to his son, Walter R. Michaelis, who was elected general manager, and Horace L. Brand, who was made secretary and treasurer. After 1874 the paper was published daily, weekly, and Sundays. In 1906 the Freie Presse took over the Illinois Staats-Zeitung.
CiiicAGSKY Vestnik, 1873-1881: Bohemian weekly. Josef Langmayer was editor and publisher in 1874 and
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1877. Josef Langmayer was publisher and J. V. Matejka was editor in 1880. A later paper, monthly, of this name, was established in 1902.
Children's Friend: Established in 1901. W. E. Bar- dell, publisher, 1003. From 1903-1905, W. B. Olmstead, publisher; 1905-1907, S. K. J. Chesbro, publisher; 1907- 1912, W. B. Rose, publisher. Illustrated monthly, 25 cents per year.
Christian Banker, January 8, 1853: Eight numbers were issued. Published by Seth Paine and John W. Holmes as an advertisement for their bank.
Christian Cynosure, 1868-1912: Opposed to secret societies. Rev. J. Blanchard^ editor. In 1907j, William I. Phillips was editor; the National Christian Association, publishers.
Christian Freeman, 1867-1871: A Free-will Baptist paper. The Christian Freeman Association were editors and publishers in 1871.
Christian IxNstructor and Western United Presby- terian^ 1859-1880: The first mention of this publication is in the directory for 1870^ although 1859 is given as the time when it was established. In 1879 it was listed as Christian Instructor^ with Morrison^ McCoy^ and McDill as publishers.
Christian Register, 1875-1812: A Unitarian weekly, established in Boston in 1821. In 1875 it was dated for Chicago. Rev. T. J. Mumford, editor; Geo. H. Ellis, business manager; Christian Register Association, pub- lishers. In 1907 George Batchelor was editor; the same association were publishers.
Christian Times, 1853-1875: Rev. Leroy Church and Rev. J. A. Smith, editors. In 1854 Mr. Smith sold his in- terest to Mr. J. F. Childs and the proprietary firm became Church and Childs. In 1855 Mr. Church became sole pro- prietor. The Christian Times, by the absorption of the
MxBttllBntanB J^ubltrattnnH 161
I
Witness of Indiana^ became Christian Times and Witness in 1865.
Christian Voice^ 1873-1879: Fleming H. Revell^ pub- lisher. W. S. Cossar was proprietor in 1879.
Chronicle, 1866-1872: An insurance and real estate weekly. J. J. O'Donoghue^ editor and publisher. In 1872 the Chronicle was moved to New York.
Collectors' J
Issued monthly. H
L. Lindquist^ editor and publisher. An illustrated periodi- cal devoted to philately. Publication office^ No. 700 East
Fortieth street. Subscription price^ $1.50 per year. Es- tablished by Lindquist and Lauritzen^ its publishers. Each issue embraces 32 pages^ with numerous illustrations.
College Times, 1869-1871: A college monthly. Edited and published by tlie students of the University of Chicago.
Columbian and Western Catholic : Established in 1867. Columbian Publishing Co,^ publishers. J. J. Thompson^ editor. Official organ of the Knights of Colum- bus for the State of Illinois. Publication office^ No. 107 North Dearborn street. Subscription price^ $1,50 per year.
Commercial Advertiser, 1836-1837: A rabid 'liberty" paper^ edited by Hooper Warren. In 1837 was removed to Lowell^ La Salle County^ and used by Benjamin Lundy and Zebina Eastman in publishing the Genius of Univer- sal Emancipation and Genius of Liberty.
Commercial Advertiser, 1847-1858: Edited by Al- fred Dutch^ who urged the grant of lands for the Illinois Central Railroad. It was issued irregularly. Weekly to 1849, when it became daily with a weekly edition.
Commercial Chronicle, 1894-1912: Devoted to finan- cialj commercial and industrial interests. Issued by- monthly. Subscription price^ $3.00 per year. Publication office^ No. 189 West Madison street.
Commercial Enterprise, 1871-1875: Published by the Commercial Enterprise Co.
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Commercial Letter, 1856-1868: Record of the flour, grain, live stock, and provision markets. P. L. Wells was editor and publisher until 1862; H. R. Hulburd, 1863; H. A. Newcomb and Co., proprietors. T. M. Wignall, editor and publisher, 1866-1868. In 1868 it was incorporated with Chicago Daily Commercial Report and Market Review.
Concordia, 1866-1869: Quarterly, devoted to litera- ture and music. H. R. Palmer and W. S. B. Mathews,
editors.
Confectioner and Baker, 1875-1912: Established in
the interests of confectionery and baking. J. Thompson Gill was editor and publisher, 1879-1880. Later, the Thompson Publishing Concern bought the paper, with T. O. Thompson as editor and manager. For several years past it has been devoted mainly to confectionery in- terests.
Congregational Herald, 1853-1861: Rev. John C. Holbrook and Rev. N. H. Eggleston, editors.
Conservator, 1878-1912: A colored Republican weekly. Conservator Printing and Publishing Co., publishers.
Construction News, 1898-1912: Issued weekly in the interest of all branches of building construction. Published by the Construction News Co., Monadnock Block. Sub- scription price, $5.00 per year. In connection with this publication a daily bulletin of advanced information con- cerning building contracts is issued.
Courant, 1853-1854: Edited by William Duane Wil- son. Sold to Messrs. Cook, Cameron, and Patterson.
Courier, 1867-1872: A monthly publication, devoted to commerce, finance, and education. H. B. Bryant was publisher.
Crusader, 1874-1881: A temperance monthly. Mrs. M. E. De Geer and Mrs. C. V. Waite, editors and pub- lishers.
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Daheim, 1871-1907 : Sunday edition of the Freie Presse. German-American Publishing Company^ pub- lishers. Daheim was published as Sunday edition of the Freie Presse in 1899. In 1907 was merged with the Westen as the Sunday edition of the Illinois Staats-Zeit- ung^ under the title of Westen and Daheim.
Daily American, 1839-1840: Edited by William Stuart^ 1839-1811; Alexander Stuart^ proprietor^ and W. W. Brackett, editor^ 1841-1842; Buckner S. Morris, July to October, 1842.
Daily Chicago Times, 1860-1861: Under the care of E, W. McComas^ a journalist from Virginia^ the paper be- came an exponent of the Southern Democracy. C. H. McCormick was proprietor and Daniel Cameron publisher
until June 8^ 1861^ when Wilbur F. Storey became pro- prietor.
Daily Commercial Bulletin, 1869-1912: A commer- cial daily paper which was also listed as a weekly. J. W. Sickels was editor^ and B. D. M. Eaton was publisher^ in 1870. Next year B. Frank Howard was editor; How- ard^ WhitCj and Crowell_, publishers. James A. Doane was editor and publisher in 1880. In 1886 the Daily Com- mercial Bulletin^ published by Howard^ Bartels & Co.^ became the Daily Trade Bulletin.
Daily Commercial Report and Market Review^ 1866- 1876: The successive editors and publishers were: D. D. Michaels, 1866-1868; Kennedy and Company, 1868-1870; Daley, Slade, and Cowles, 1870; Daley, Cowles, and Dunkley, 1871; Cowles and Dunkley, 1874-1876.
Daily Courier, 1874-1877: Issued at 8 a. m. as the Morning Courier, daily and weekly. A Sunday edition,
the Sunday Courier-Herald, was established in 1876. Courier Co., publishers, 1 874-1876 ; George I. Yeager, in 1877.
Daily Democratic Press, 1852-1858: Edited by John L. Scripps and William Bross. In 1854 the firm became
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Scripps^ Bross and Spears. In 1857 it began expounding the principles of the Republican party. In 1858 Press was consolidated with the Tribune.
Daily Jewish Call, 1900-1912: Devoted to the pro- motion of the Zionist movement among the Jewish people. Hyman Liderman^ editor and general manager. Office of publication^ No. 561 West Twelfth street. Subscript
price^ $3.00 per year. Sunday edition^ $1.00 per year. The Call is printed in the Yiddish language and is an in- fluential exponent of progressive movements among the Jewish people.
Daily Live Stock World, 1 900- 1912: Founded by Halliwell & Baum Co. (Inc.)^ A. C. Halliwell^ President^ wliicli corporation is still the publisher. The Live Stock World in the vears in which it has been established is rec-
ognized as one of the most reliable and authoritative daily newspapers devoted to the live stock industry. A. C. Halliwell^ the editor of the Live Stock Worlds has spent the years of his activity in the atmosphere of live stock j^ublications. His capability as a writer upon subjects in- timately associated witli the live stock business is conceded to be of the first order. Reliability in the quotations relat- ing to prices in the stock yards market is the first requisite demanded by the directing force of the Live Stock Worlds its statistics each day being transmitted to the old-world centers because of their trustworthiness. This quality has placed the Live Stock World in the first rank among its contemporaries^ and with the further advantage of an experienced corps of able writers and specialists in their several lines it has gained recognition that is both substan- tial and gratifying. Embraced in the editorial staff of
the Live Stock World are James E. Poole^ T. J. (Larry) Champion, Chas. A, S. McCracken^ statistician; J. S. H.
Johnston, author of the Horse Book^ and Elbert W. Baker^ all of whom are recognized as specialists in their particular lines and who give an added value to the Live Stock World that live stock men throughout this country gener- ally appreciate. AVhen it is remembered that the packing
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and live stock industries are Chicago's most important activities^ in volume and value being greater than the entire product of the gold and silver mines of the world^ it will be realized that a publication which reflects those indus- tries must of necessity possess a high order of merit to adequately cover the field of endeavor occupied by the Daily Live Stock World. Subscription price^ $3 per year. Office of publication^ 815 Excliange avenue^ Union Stock Yards^ Chicago^ 111.
Daily Ledger, 1857: Published by Barnes^ Stewart^ and Paine. Setli Paine^ editor.
Daily Museum, 1863-1864: A daily advertising sheet published in tlie interest of the Cliicago Museum by R. V. Kennedv-
Daily News, 1845-1816: A liberty paper managed by Eastman and Davidson.
Daily News, 1872: Daily and w^eekly. It w^as short lived. Published by the Chicago News Printing Co.
Daily Native Citizen, 1855 : W. W. Danenliower issued the daily for at least six months.
Daily Record and Hotel Register, 1861-1870: John J. W. O'Donoglme^ editor and publisher^ 1861-1870.
Daily Telegraph, 1878-1881: Established by S. F. Norton as an organ of the Greenback-Labor party. After a few months William T. Collins purchased an interest and made the paper Democratic. In the spring of 1881 the property was secured by the projectors of the Morning Herald, and it was merged with that paper on May 10, 1881.
Daily Union, 1857-1858 : Issued by the Chicago Union Printing Co, Louis Schade, editor.
Democrat, 1871-1881: The Democrat Co., publisher.
Democrat Advocate and Commercial Advertiser, 1814-1846: Ellis & Fergus, publishers. The official pa- per of the city.
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Demokrat, 1856-1880: Demokrat Printing Co.^ pub- lishers.
Den Nye Tid, 187i-1881: A socialist paper started by the Scandinavian sect of the Socialist Labor party. In 1881 a paper bearing the same name was listed in the Directory as published by Den Nye Tid Publishing Co. and published by Den Nye Tid.
Det Hemlandet, 1851-1912. Established by the Swed- ish Lutheran Printing Association^ with Rev. T. N. Hassel- quist as editor. Since its beginning the publishers of the Hemlandet were: From 1873-1889^ Enander and Bohman; 1890-1891, Hemlandet Publishing Co.; 1891-1895, Johnson and Soderholm, and from 1896 to the present, Hemlandet Co., A. E. Johnson, president, B. E, Forssell, treasurer and manager. Office of publication, No. 357 North Clark street.
Deutsche Amerikanische Mueller, 1877-1881 : A German mechanical monthly. In 1880 E. A. Sittig was editor and publisher.
Deutsche Warte, 1877 to date: A German Independ- ent weekly. Since 1881 the Germania Publishing Co. have been publishers.
Domestic Engineering: Weekly record of progress in plumbing, heating, ventilation and matters pertaining to domestic sanitation. Domestic Enp-ineering Co., publishers. W. E. Marquam, R. Herlov, C. L. Davis, editors. Issued weekly. Subscription price, $2.00 per year. Office of pub- lication, 445 Plymouth court.
Drovers' Journal, 1873-1912: Established by H. L. Goodall. H. L. Goodall & Co. were editors and publish- ers from the beginning until the death of Goodall, March, 1900. Since then his widow has been publisher.
Druggist and Paint and Oil Review^ 1879-1912: George P. Engelhard^ editor and proprietor. Leading periodical in the trade. Issued monthly.
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Dry Goods Reporter, 1871-1912: A commercial pa- per devoted to dry goods and allied lines. C. W, Spof- ford^ editor. Dry Goods Reporter Co.^ publishers.
DuNLOP^s Saturday Night Dispatch, 1899-1912: Es- tablished by Joseph R. Dunlop. An independent news- paper^ devoted to political matters and municipal improve- ment. Issued weekly^ from Opera House Buildings No. 32 North Clark street. Stanley Wood^ editor. Ernest F. Dunlop^ business manager. Subscription rates^ $2.00 per year.
DUNTON^S S
T
876
A weekl
devoted to sport. F. H. Dunton and C. E. Jones^ editors.
Educational Weekly^ 1876-1881: Formed by a com- bination of educational papers. W. F. Phelps was the first editor. In 1881 J. Fred Waggoner v^as publisher.
Electric City Magazine, 1902-1912: Issued monthly by the Electric City Publishing Co. Office of publication, No. 28 North Market street. Subscrijotion price^ $1.00 per year outside of Chicago; within the limits, 75 cents per year. Herbert A. Seymour, editor; D. H. Howard, business manager.
Electric Interurbax Railway Guide, 1 909-1 9 1 2 : Official guide and schedules for all electric lines entering Chicago. Issued monthly by the Interstate Guide Co., No. 435 Rookery Building. J. F. Gilchrist^ president; R. T. Schuettge^ secretary; J. R. Lurian^ manager.
Electric Traction Weekly, 1907-1912: This publi- cation was started in Cleveland^ Ohio^ by the Kenfield- Fairchild Publishing Co.^ in 1907- Two years later it was moved to Chicago. A year later a change was made in the organization^ it taking the name of the Kenfield-Davis Pub- lishing Co. H. J. Kenfield^ president; G. S. Davis^ secre- tary. January, 1912, Mr. Davis died, the secretaryship being taken by H. E. Smith. H. J. Field, managing editor. Publication office, suite 901-903 Manhattan Building.
Electrotype Journal, 1873-1881: A quarterly, de-
168 MxBttlinntonB l^nhixtatioxiR
voted to typography and advertising. A. Zeese & Co.^ pub- lishers. H. H. Newhall^ editor.
Electrotyper, 1873-1881 : Quarterly. Devoted to stereotyping. Shneidewend & Lee^ publishers.
Embalmers^ JNIonthly^ 1902-1912: (In which is incor- porated the American Undertaker.) Published by Trade Periodical Company. P. D. Francis^ president. Devoted to all subjects pertaining to embalming and undertaking. Subscription price^ $1.50 per year.
Emery^s Journal of Agriculture, 1858-1912: Founded by H. D. Emery and C. D. Bragdon. The Prairie Farmer was absorbed in a shoi;t time^ and since 1859 to the pres- ent this name has been retained.
Engineering and Contracting, 1907-1912: Issued
weekly, by the Myron C. Clark Publishing Co., No. 608
South Dearborn street. Editors, H. jP. Gillette, C. S. Hill,
C. T. Murray, H. B. Kirkland, S. C. Hadden. F. P. Burt,
manager. Devoted to the economies of civil engineering, design and to methods and cost of construction. Subscrip- tion price, $2.00 per year.
Engineering News, 1874-1912: Established by George
H. Frost. The publication was maintained in Chicago until 1878, when it was moved to New York, where it is still published.
Englewood Economist, 1906-1912: Published weekly. Talcott, Talcott & Tillinghast, publishers. Issued from No. 540 West Sixty-third street, for free distribution in the interest of advertising patrons.
Englewood Times, 1888-1912: Issued weekly from No. 417 West Sixty-third street. Gerald E. Sullivan, publisher and proprietor since the publication was started. The Englewood Times is devoted to the interests of the growing suburbs of the South Side, and its editor also controls the Auburn Park Monitor and Gresham Mirror, enterprises linked in the interest of these growing sections.
MiBttlinnttinB PublirattnnH 169
Engraver and Electrotyper, 1897-1912: Published monthly in the interest of engravings photo-engravings elec- trotyping and allied arts. William Hughes, publisher. Office of publication. No, 6854 Wentworth avenue, Chicago. Subscription price, $2.00 per year.
EvANGEJLiSK TiD&KRiFT, 1877-1885: Edited by Dr.
J. A. Edgren and published by Rev. N. P. Jensen until
1880, when it was turned over to E. Wingren. Started
as a monthly ; in 1881 made semi-monthly. January 1 ,
r 1885, the name was changed to Nya Wecko Posten. Edited
and published by Rev. E. Wingren.
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Evangelist, 1865 to date (1881): An evangelical weekly. B, W. Johnson and B. J. Radford were editors and publishers in 1880.
Evening Lamp, 1869-1908: Established by A. N. Kel- logg. In 1870 and 1871 A. N. Kellogg was editor and publisher. From 1873 to 1879 J. M. Edson was editor. A. N. Kellogg Co., publishers.
Evening Mail, 1870-1873: Chicago Evening Mail Co._, publishers. Late in 1873 the Mail was united with the Evening Post to form the Post and Mail.
Everybody's Paper, 1869-1879: A monthly Sunday- school paper. F. H. Revell, publisher. In 1879 the Evangelical Publishing Company were publishers and F. E. Post was manager.
Express, 1842-1814: Edited by W. W. Brackett. It
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was sold in 1844 to a company and the Evening Journal was established in its stead.
Express, 1873-1880: Founded by O. J. Smith to advo- cate the greenback monetary system. It reached a large following and influenced many readers to accept the policy until the resumption act was put in force.
Extension: Published by the Catholic Church Extension I Society. Issued monthly. An advocate of the missionary
spirit. Edited by Francis Clement Kelley, D. D.; S. A. Baldus, managing editor. Subscription price, $1.00 a year.
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Fackel, 1879-1907: A socialist publication^ the Sun- day edition of the Arbeiter-Zeitung. The item of chief interest connected with this paper is its relation to the anarchist riots in 1886^ and the subsequent industrial dis- turbances of later periods.
Farm, Field, and Fireside, 1878-1906: An agricul- tural montlilv, founded by R- L. V. Powis. Thomas W. Herringshaw was publisher in 1879. Thomas Owen^ Jr._, and Frederick Hankohl were editors in 1 880^ and the Farm^ Fields and Fireside Publishing Company were pub- lisliers. By 1885 the name had been changed to Farm^ Field^ and Stockman^ and tlie paper was being published by a stock company. Many clianges supervened in own- ership and name^ and in 1906 tlie name was changed to the
National Monthly Farm Press, and continaes to be issued under that style.
Farm Implement News, 1882-1912: Established in
1882. Issued weekly. Oldest implement and vehicle deal- ers* paper in Cliicago. Office of publication^ Masonic Temple. C. W. Marshy president; E. J. Baker^ publisher; C. A. Lukens^ editor. Subscription price, $2.00 per year. The Farm Implement New^s^ as implied by its title, is de- voted to the interests of all branches of the implement and vehicle industries.
Farm Life, 1902-1912: Published monthly by Farm Life Publishing Co. Devoted to the interests of agriculture and tillers of the soil. Office of publication^ No. 501 Plym- outh place^ Chicago. Herbert H. Bowden^ editor. Farm Life is composed of thirty-two pages^ and is mailed to sub- scribers at 25 cents per year.
Farm World, 1906-1912: Devoted to agriculture. Is- sued monthly. Clinton M. Schultz^ editor. The managers of this publication claim a wide circulation^ more than 240^000 copies being mailed to subscribers. Subscription price^ 25 cents per month. Office of publication^ No. 30* North Dearborn street.
Farmers' Review^ 1877-1912: Established by A.
MiBctlluntonB Puhltrattona 171
Moore. Until 1880 it was monthly; since then it has been weekly. Devoted to live stock and agriculture. The Farmers' Review Company were editors and publishers in 1870 and until 1883. In 1909 the publication passed into the control of the National Stockman and Farmer Co.^ Pittsburg and Chicago.
Farmers' Review, 1877-1912: George W. Hill, editor. Devoted to all agricultural activities. The Farmers' Re- view was founded in 1877 under the editorship of George W. Hill. In 1883 it passed into the ownership of H. H. Chandler and continued under his management until 1909, when it was sold to The Farmers' Review (Inc.), the offi- cers of said company being Frank E. Long, president; T. D. Harman, treasurer; E. W. Chandler, secretary; H. Earl Young, editor.
Farmers^ Voice and Rural Outlook, 1862-1908: An agricultural monthly. H. A. Bereman was editor, and the Farmers' Press Publishing Co., publishers.
Florists^ Review: Established in 1897 by G. L. Grant as editor and publisher. Later the ownership was placed in the Florists' Review Publishing Co., with G. L. Grant as president of the company, as well as editor and manager of the publication, which has continued to the present. The issues of the Review for a brief period ranged from 32 to 48 pages, while the average for 11)11 was 100 pages. The Florists' Review is devoted to tlie interests of the florist, nursery and seed trades. The officers of the organization, in addition to President Grant, are A. H. Post, secretary and treasurer, and H. B. Howard, managing editor. Pub- lication office. No. 508 South Dearborn street. Subscrip- tion price, $1.00 per year.
Folke-Vennen, 1879-1912: A Norwegian Lutheran monthly, published by Rev. J. Z. Torgerson, 1879-1881. It was published, 1881-1903, as a Dano-Norwegian non- sectarian weekly, by W. Mortenson & Co. Since 1903 it has been continued by the Folke-Vennen Publishing Co.
' Foundlings' Record, 1871-1876: A monthly, published
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in the interests of the Chicago Foundlings' Home. Edited by George E. Shipman.
Frank Leslie's Chimney Corner^ 1866-1867: Literary and story paj^er published by Frank Leslie & Co._, New York and Chicago. The enterprise was the Chicago branch of Leslie's New York undertaking. The publica- tion continued until the great fire and was not revived after that event.
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Established in 1 869 at Rochester
N. Y.^ by Levi Wood^ editor and publisher. In 1870 the publication was transferred to Joseph Mackey^ New York; in 1871 Joseph Bailey, Aurora^, 111., bought the paper and was its editor and publisher until his death in 1873. In 1871 Baker & Arnold^ Sycamore^ 111.^ purchased the Methodist, D. P. Parker becoming editor^ and T. B. Arnold being the publisher. In 1880 the office was moved to Chi- cago^ Mr. Baker continuing as editor until succeeded by Joseph Travis in 188*2^ he in turn giving way to B. T. Rob- erts in 1886, the paper becoming the property of the Free Methodist Church, From this period till 1012 changes in the editorial and publishing responsibility have occurred^ but the roster at the present date shows J. T. Logan as editor, with W. B. Rose as publisher, and Charles W. Stevens, assistant publisher. The Methodist is issued weekly at $1.50 per year.
Freie Presse, 1871-1012: Established by Richard Mi- chaelis. In 1872 a daily edition was begun. It was pub- lished by the Freie Presse Printing Co. and still continues.
Free West, 18o3-1855: Edited by E. Goodman, Hooper Warren, and Zebina Eastman. The last issue an- nounced that the paper would be merged with the Tribune.
Frihed's Banneret, 1852-1853: First Norwegian pa- per published in Chicago.
Furniture Trade, 1874-1880: Monthly. Listed in the 1875 Directory as Western Furniture Trade^ and in 1879 and 1880 as Furniture Trade Journal. Brackett and Talcott were editors and publishers^ 1875-1876. The jour-
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nal was issued simultaneously in Chicago and New York in 1879.
Gardening : Established Sept. 15y 1 892. Published semi-monthly by the Gardening Co._, No. 440 South Dear- born street. Devoted to horticulture and floriculture. Sub- scription price^ $2.00 per year. Michael Barker^ editor and manager. Subjects pertaining to the cultivation of the garden and beautifying the home surroundings are given attention.
Gaskell^s Magazine, 1876-1887: Educational maga- zine. A. J. Scarborough^ editor; G. A. Gaskell Co.^ pub- lishers.
Gazeta Polska w Chicago, 1873-1912: Established and published to date by Wladyslaw Dyniewicz. It claims to be the oldest Polish paper in America.
Gazeta Polska Katolicka, 1874-1912: A Polish Catholic weekly. In 1876-1880 John Barzynski was editor. Smulski Publishing Co.^ publishers.
Gem of the Prairie, 1814-1852: A literary paper edited by K. K. Jones and J. S. Beach^ 1841-1845; J Campbell and T. A. Stewart, 1845; T. A. Stewart, 1845- 1846; Mr. Stewart and James Kelly, 1846-1850; Messrs. Scripps and Stewart, 1850-1852, with Stewart, Waite and Co., publishers. It surpassed all early periodicals of predominantly literary tone. In 1847 the proprietors established the Chicago Daily Tribune, as an offshoot to the Gem of the Prairie. The latter was continued under the same name until 1852, when it was merged in the Tribune, and published as the Sunday edition of that paper, with the title Chicago Sunday Tribune.
Gem of the West and Soldiers' Friend, 1867-1876: A weekly in 1870, later a monthly; edited by C. Augustus Haviland. The Soldiers' Friend Co., publishers.
German American, 1864-1872: Published by Caspar Butz, 1864-1866. In 1872, Lieb & Hornaday, publishers.
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Goldbeck's Journal of Music, 1873-1876: A monthly publication, devoted to music. It was edited and pub- lished in 187i and 1875 by Robert Goldbeck.
Golfers' Magazine, 100!2-1012: Devoted to the ancient game of golf. Issued monthly. Office of publication, suite
1355-1356 Monadnock Block. C. W. Higgins, editor and publisher. Subscription price, $2.00 per year.
Grain and Provision Review, 1875-1881: A com- mercial paper. Coles & Co., editors and publishers.
Grain Dealers' Journal, 1898-1912: Published bi- monthlv bv the Grain Dealers' Co. Chas. S. Clark, editor and manager. Issued from Xo. 315 South LaSalle street^ eacli number embracing 72 pages. Subscription price. $1.50 per year. Published in tlie interest of carlot grain dealers.
Graphic, 1878-1895 : An illustrated weekly publica- tion. Hoffman and Lederer editors and publishers. It was listed as a Republican paper with the Graphic Co., editors and publishers^ 1801-1805.
Greek Star, 1 001- 1012: Issued weekly. Peter S. Lambros, })ubli8her and editor. The Star is printed in Greek and embraces twelve pages. Office of publication, Suite -121-425 Xew Era Buildings 600 Blue Island avenue.
Grocer, 1871-1870: A commercial weekly. G. P. Engelhard^ editor. In 1870 became Grocer and Mer- cantile Review. Grocer Co.^ publishers. H. H. Chandler,
manager.
Grocers' Criterion, 1873-1012: A trade weekly. R. J. Bennett was editor in 1877. In 1886 D. O. Lantz and Co. were publishers. Eugene J. Hall was publisher in 1800. The Grocer's Criterion Co. have been pub- lishers since 1001.
Guardian, 1875-1881 ; An English and German monthly^ published in tlie interest of the I. O. O. F. The Guardian Publishing Co.^ publishers.
Hardwood Record: Issued semi-monthly in the interest
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of the hardwood industry^ saw mill^ woodworking machin- ery and logging. The Hardwood Co., 537 South Dearborn street, publishers. H. H. Gibson, president; L. L. Jacques, secretary-treasurer. Subscription price, $2.00 per year. The Hardwood Record was established in 1894.
Hausfreund, 1863-1871 : A weekly religious paper conducted by an association of pastors for the United
Evangelical Church, Joseph Hartman was editor, George E. Gross publisher in 1861; Rev. E. Guntrum was editor
in 1870-1871.
Hejmdal, 1874-1877: A Scandinavian paper. Reichel and Salmonsen were editors and publishers in 1875. The following year the Hejmdal Publishing Co. were pub- lishers. In 1877 the same company were publishing the paper, and L. Salmonsen was editor.
Herald, 1 858-1 860 : Established by Isaac Cook and Charles N. Pine as a Buchanan administration organ. In 1859 it was sold to Cyrus H. McCormick. The Times was bought by McCormick in 1860^ and the first number of the Daily Times and Herald was issued September 8, E. W. McComas was editor first of the Herald^ later of the Times and Herald.
Herald, 1 870-1877 : An insurance monthly. Powell and Steele were editors and publishers in 1871; George L Yeager, 1872-1873; Ycager and S. H. Davis, 1874; George I. Yeager, 1 875 ; Yeager and Ormsbee, 1 876 ; Charles E. Rollins, 1877.
Herald of Pe\ce, 1867-1870: A Friend's paper^ pub- lished semi-monthly. W. E. Hathaway was editor in 1869; Hathaway and Willet Dorland were editors in 1870. The Herald Co. were publishers, 1869-1870.
Herald of the Coming Kingdom and Christian In- structor, 1867-1871 : A religious semi-monthly publi- cation. In 1869 Thomas Wilson and George Moyer were editors; Wilson^ St. Clair^ and Company were publishers. Thomas Wilson was editor in 1871.
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Herald of the Prairies, 1 847-1 84<9: Edited by Rev. J. B. Walker and B. F. Worrall, 1817-1849. In 1848 James Shaw was assistant editor.
Hide and Leather: Founded by R. C. Jacobsen in 1889.
Jacobsen Publishing Co,^ publishers. Issued in the interest
of the hide and leather trade and industries connected
therewith^ primarily for manufacturers^ wholesalers and
merchants. R. C. Jacobsen^ editor. Office of publication, No. 186 West Lake street. Branch offices^ No. 187 Essex street^ Boston; No. 2 Stone street^ New York city; No. 415 Arch street^ Philadelphia; No. 35 St. Thomas street, Ber- mondsey, London. Officers of the company: R. C. Jacob- sen, president and treasurer; \Vm. D. Bennett, manager Boston office, vice-president; Miles E. Kastner, secretary. Subscription price, $1.00 per year, including Hide and Leather Year Book.
Home Circle and Temperance Oracle^ 1865-1871 : A monthly, devoted to 'literature, temperance, morality, and the people.'' S, M. Kennedy was editor and pub- lisher in 1871.
Home Visitor^ 1860-1912: A philanthropic monthly, issued by the Chicago Home for the Friendless. Mrs. Mary G. Clarke was editor, 1860-1871; Eliza W. Bow- man, 1872-1880; Ellen C. Babbitt was editor in 1907. Mary B. Stalker has been editor since 1907.
Homeopath, 1854-1856: Bi-monthly. Edited by Drs. D. S. Smith, S. W. Graves, and R. Ludlam. Three vol- umes of the periodical were issued.
Hotel Bulletin, 1900-1912: Issued monthly by the Commercial Publishing Co. Office of publication. Suite 951- 957 Insurance Exchange. Devoted to all departments of hotel business. Ben P. Branham, president; Harry M« Eastman, manager.
Hotel Monthly, 189S-1912: Technical journal of the hotel trade. Issued from No. 443 South Dearborn street, by John Willy, editor and publisher. Original name was
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Hotel Quarterly, but in 1893 was made a monthly publica- tion. Circulation covers United States and Canada, extend- ing to foreign countries. Subscription price, $1.00 per year.
Hotel World, 1875-1912: Journal of general hotel information. Established by Frank Glossop, editor and publisher. W. E. Smith was editor in 1879, when H. J. and C. H. Bohn purchased the paper and have continued the publication to the present. Fully covers everything pertaining to the hotel* interests. Issued from No. 440 South Dearborn street. Weekly and monthly.
Humane Journal, 1872-1912: A monthly, devoted to humane ideas. A. W. Landon, publisher, 1872-1879. Mrs. Landon, upon her husband's death became editor, and in 1907 sold the publication. Published by the Humane Journal Publishing Co.
In Door and Out, 1875-1879: An illustrated literary monthly. Pictorial Printing Company were publishers.
Index, 1875{?) to date (1891): A Saturday paper, devoted to fiction. C. E. Tues, editor; the Index Pub- lishing Co., publishers.
Indicator, 1878-1912: Established by O. L. Fox, First issued as an art and music weekly. In 1880 it dis- carded art, and added piano and organ items and trade; since it has been a piano and organ trade publication.
Industrial Age, 1873-1879: A weekly industrial paper. J. A. Noonan, S. M. Smith, and Charles E. Bar- ney were editors; the Industrial Age Co., publishers, 187t- 1875. In 1876-1877 J. A. Noonan and C. C. Buell were editors. The paper of the same name now published was begun in 1896.
Illinois Medical and Surgical Journal, 1844-1846: This was the first medical journal issued in Chicago. Edited by Dr. James V. Z. Blaney, in the interest of Rush Medical College, and printed by Ellis and Fergus, 1844- 1846.
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Illinois Staats-Zeitung, 1818-1912: Established by
Robert Bernhard Hoeffgen. In 1851 George Schneider
made the paper a daily and it became a factor in the creation of the Republican party. In 1851 Schneider sold his interest to Lorenz Brentano^ who became editor. In 1867 A. C. Hesing purchased the paper^ he being suc- ceeded by liis son^ Washington Hesing, who later turned his interest over to tlie Illinois Publisliing Co., the control of wliieli is in the estate of the late W. R. Michaelis and H. L. Brand.
Illustrated Journal, 1872-1871: Bi-monthly. Knight & Leonard publishers in 1872; Horton & Leonard in 1873. Tile foHowing year the American Publishing Company were publishers. The Illustrated Journal was a rival of the Press^ burned out in the fire of October^ 1871.
Inland Printer, 1883-1012: The first number of this
undertaking a})peared October^ 1883^ it being issued as ''an operative journal conducted by workmen.'' This pos- sibly was the first enterprise up to this period which en- couraged followers of a given craft to feel that they were capable of conducting a publication in the interest of their calling. Pretentious as the idea was at the time^ it has been more than made good^ the Inland Printer now being con- ceded to be the leading printers' paper in the world. The first number embraced twenty-four pages^ but it has now grown to 150 pages. J. W. Langston was the president of the original company; S. H. Treloar^ vice-president; Jos. Peakc^ secretary-treasurer^ with H. H. Hill as editor. In 1881 A. C. Cameron's name appears as editor. A. H. Mc- Quilkin assumed editorial control in 1891^ and has con- tinued in that responsibility since. Technical subjects re- lated to printing are given much space in the publication^ its Inland Printer Technical School^ a special feature asso- ciated with the International Typographical Union activity^ is sponsored and carried forward by the instructors of the Inland Printer staff. Wm. B. Prescott^ formerly president
of the International Typographical Union^ is associate editor of the periodical.
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Inland Storekeeper^ 1910-1912: Issued monthly in the interest of general merchants by the Byxbee Publish- ing Co.^ No. 440 South Dearborn street. Frank Farrington, editor. Each number embraces 100 or more pages.
Insurance Herald, 1877-1880: Geo. I. Yeager was
editor and the Herald Publishing Company were pub- t lishers in 1880.
Interior, 1870-1910: A Presbyterian weekly. Estab- lished by a number of clergymen. W. C. Gray became publisher in 1871j, and in 1872 Rev. Arthur Swazey was editor. C. H. McCormick bought the paper in 1873 and continued his interest until 1883 wlien he disposed of a portion of his holding to W. C, Gray. In 1907 IMcCormick & Co. were publishers, and the name of the paper changed to that of the Continent^ whicli sec elsewhere.
Investigator, 1873-1908: An insurance paper^ at first weekly^ but monfcly by 1880. J. S. Bloomingston was editor and publisher in 1875^ and was still so in 1880. William E. Beer was editor^ and H. W. Bloomingston^ publisher^ in 1907. In January, 1908^ this paper was merged in Insurance Field.
Investing for Profit, 1906-1912: H. L. Barber^ editor. Devoted to investing in safe and profitable securities. Office of publication^ No. 20 West Jackson boulevard. Sub-
scription price^ $1.00 per year.
Irish Republic : Founded by Michael Scanlan in 1867. Devoted to the idea of a republic for Ireland^ during the period of the Fenian question's importance the Republic was an active promoter of the cause. After the fire of 1871 the publication was moved to Washington,
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Irish Tribune, 1876-1881: A weekly paper. M. Ryan was editor; Irish Tribune Publishing Co.^ publishers.
l(^ Jewish Advance, 1878-1881: A Jewish weekly,
printed in English and German. Rev. Henry Gersoni was editor, 1879-1880; Max Stern, publisher.
180 MiBttlinntanB Pitblirattona
Journal of Commerce, 1863-1896: J. E. C. Heyer was editor in 1869; D. Kerr^ Jr., was business manager, and Tappan, McKillop & Co., publishers. In 1896 the title of tlie paper was clianged to Iron and Steel.
Journal of Science, 1877-1881: A scientific monthly publication.
Journal of Svitiiiod Order: Monthly. Published bv the Grand Lodge of the Independent Order of Svithiod. a Swedish fraternal organization. Publication office. No. 105 North Clark street. Subscrij^tion price^ 50 cents per year.
Katalikas: Established in 1898 by the Katalikas Pub- lishing Co. Weekly Lithuanian paper. In 11)01 the Kata- likas was purchased by John M. Tananevicz. Circulates extensively among the Lithuanian population of the United States and foreign countries. Office of publication^ 32 19-3253 South Morgan street. Subscription price_, $2.00 per year. The paper owns its own printing plant and is recognized as an influential factor in the constituency which it serves.
Katholischer Jugend Freund^ 1877-1881 : A Ger- man Catliolic juvenile magazine. Rev. A. J. Thiele was editor, and C, M. Staiger publisher, 1879-1880. The pa- per was published bi-weekly 1877-1878, and weekly 1879-
1880.
Katholisches Wochenblatt^ 1860 to date: E. Schultze was proprietor, 1862-1863; F. X. Brandecker, editor and
publislier, 1864-1880. In 1863 this paper was listed as
the Catholic Journal.
Kristelige Talsmaxd^ 1877-1912: Published by the Norwegian and Danish Methodists. Under the new name the editors have been: Rev. Christian Treider, 1876-1880; Rev. A. Haagensen, 1880-1881; Christian Treider, 1884- 1891; A. Haagensen, 1891-1897; C. F. Eltzholtz, 1897- 1905; H. P. Bergh, 1905 to date.
La Patria, 1907-1912: Established by M. Fourget^
publisher, and Silvio Picchianti, editor. In 1909 a corpora- tion to take charge of the paper was formed, the shares
MxBniintittinB puhltratwna 181
of which were later taken over by M. Mastrogiovanni^ who became publisher and manager^ with Generoso Mastrogio- vanni as editor. Issued weekly from No. 2252 Wentworth avenue. Subscription price^ ^1.00 per year.
Ladies^ Own Magazine, 1869-1874: A monthly^ de- voted to women's interests. Mrs. M. Cora Bland was editor and publisher in 1873. In 1874 M. C. Bland & Co., publishers.
Ladies' Repository, 1866-1870: Monthly. Poe & Hitch- cock^ publishers^ 1866-1868; J. W. Wiley was editor in 1870.
Ladies^ Western Magazine, 1 848-1 849 : Edited by Benjamin F. Taylor and J. S. Hurlbut; published by C. L. Wilson. It was established in imitation of several 'ladies' magazines'' published in the eastern cities.
Laisvo Ji MiNTis, 1910-1912: Lithuanian magazine^ published monthly^ by the Lithuanian Publishing Associa- tion, in promotion of free thought. A. Olszewski, manager. Office of publication, No. 3252 South Halsted street, Chi- cago. Subscription price, $2.00 per year.
Lakeside Library, 1875-1877: The issues of this ''li- brary'' were tri-monthly, the first of the kind^ containing reprints of standard fiction. Donnelley^ Lloyd & Co.^ publishers.
Lakeside Monthly, 1871-1871: This publication suc- ceeded the Western Monthly^ and under the editorship of F. F. Browne it succeeded in gaining much prominence^ but the financial depression of the time was too great to overcome and the enterprise was forced to suspend early in 1874.
Lakeview Times and News: Founded in 1909^ by J. L. Miller^ a newspaper man of extensive experience. The
paper is devoted to the interests represented by the old
territory of Lakeview^ now absorbed within the limits of Chicago. Mr. Miller remained as proprietor and editor until 1911, when a corporation was formed under the name
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of tlie Lakeview Newspaper Co,^ W. T. Klenze^ secretary- treasurer; J. L. Miller^ president and managing editor. The office of publication is at No. 1411 Belmont avenue^ from where a weekly edition of about 15,000 is circulated, mak- ing the publication an im})ortant factor in that territory.
Land Oavner, 1860-1880: A montlily publication^ ''de- voted exclusively to the landed interests of the country.'* It was a weekly in 1875 but became a monthly again in 1876. J. M. Wing Sc Co.^ publishers.
Law Journal, 1 877- 1 1) 1 2 : Published weekly by the Chicago Law Journal Publishing Co. Judge John Gib- bons was editor for a number of years. Files may be found at the Chicago Public Library^ the Chicago Law Institute.
Le Journal de l^'Illixois, 1857-1858: First issued in
Kankakee as a weekly on January 2^ 1857^, by A. Grand-
pre and Claude Petit^ being the first P^rench newspaper
published in the state. In September^ 1857j, it was moved to Chicago.
Ledger, 1872-1012: A literary and family paper. Sam-
uel H. Williams ^^as editor for almost twenty years. In 1801 W. D. Boyce acquired the Ledger^ and the W. D. Boyce Co. have been editors and publishers to date.
Leedle Vaxderer, 1870-1876: A comic monthly^ edited and published by C. H. Harris **Carl Pretzel.'
Legal Adviser, 1861-1012: Devoted to legal interests. Its aim *'is to be a medium of information on questions of law^ administration^ and public policy^ colonial and for- eign affairs^ industrial arts and sciences^ popular litera- ture^ etc.'' E. M. Haines^ who established the paper^ was editor and publisher in 1880. Legal Adviser Publishing Co.^ publishers.
Legal News^ 1860-1912: A weekly paper devoted to legal interests. Myra Bradwell was the founder and was editor at the beginnings and for twenty-five years. She was succeeded by J. B. Bradwell in 1894^ and the Chi- cago Legal News Company were publishers. For several
ri
MxBttiinnttins l^nblimtxons 183
years J. B. Bradwell and B. B. Helmer were editors. Since the death of J. B. Bradwell in November^ 1907^ B. Brad- well Helmer has been the editor. The Chicago Legal News Company are still publishers.
Lietuva: Established in 1892^ by Stanislaus Rokosh^ to inculcate an interest in the Lithuanian language by those speaking it. At the inception of the enterprise John Grinius was the editor. Few issues of the paper under the original management were made and it was sold to Vincent Zaliauckas^ he continuing it for a brief period and after- ward sold it to Peter Zacharewicz and Simon Lelash. In 1893 the Lietuva was bought by its present owner^ A- Olszewski^ who became its editor and publisher. Owing to the lack of familiarity with the language it was difficult to secure compositors competent to set the type^ and it was found necessary to utilize Polish printers to do the work until a force could be properly trained in the Lithuanian language- In 1896 Mr. Olszewski enlarged his paper and brought an experienced editor from Europe^ and Lietuva is now admitted to be the leading publication in the United States in that language. In 1906 the proprietor
erected
a
large structure at the corner of Thirty-third and Halsted streets which is devoted to the printing of works in Litlm- anian^ many important books having been publislied^ with others in process of completion. A thorouglily appointed establishment^ with modern equipment, has been installed by Mr. Olszewski and his publication has been greatly en- larged since it was taken hold of by him.
Life and Labor, 1911-1912: Issued under the auspices of the National Women's Trade Union League of America. The publication is devoted to the organization of women engaged in the industries^ and is issued monthly. Office of publication^ Room 901^ No. 127 North Dearborn street. Alice Henry^ editor ; S. M. Franklin^ assistant editor ; Frances S. Potter^ departmental editor; Mrs. Raymond Robins^ associate editor. Subscription price, $1.00 per year.
p h
184
MiBttiinntanB J^ubltrattmtB
Light and Life Evangel: Established in 1912 to oc- cupy the field of four monthlies^ purchased by the Free Methodist Publishing House in 1897^ and one quarterly established in 1902. Published by S. K. J. Chesbro until
1907; by W, B. Rose to date (1912). Subscription price, 60 cents per year.
i
L'l
its ed
Founded Ap
bv Oscar Durante
wlio has remained in that capacity since.
paper was started as a four-column fol
umn publ
f
ght
ge
Th
d is now a Published
more
N
kly, but frequ
f
B
corner H
office 'c id Fed
its it is issued d editorial rooms^ •al streets. L' Italia
embraces a general review of Italian events occurring in that country as well as in tlie new world. It is conceded both by Italians and Americans to be among the most in- fluential publications in the Italian language in the coun- try^ and lias a constantly increasing patronage. Mr. Oscar Durante is of ripe scholarly attainments and exerts a power for good among his fellow countrymen. Subscrip- tion price^ $2.00 per year.
Literary Budget, 1852-1855: Published monthly by William AV. Danenhower. Changed to a weekly in 1854^ B. F. Taylor as editor. The paper continued until 1855^ when its founder announced that its suspension was at hand^ and a paper called the Native Citizen would take its place. This undertaking was a strong advocate of the ''Native American" idea^ but changing party alignments soon left it without support and it ceased publication.
Little Corporal, 1865-1875: Monthly juvenile mag- Originally founded to promote the Sanitary Fair of July^ 1865, and from the prominence given the first issues the publication became widely read. Alfred L. Sewell was its founder and continued as its publisher for several years. Mrs. Emily Huntington Miller from 1868 to 1875 was the editor of the periodical^ and it was the
azme.
J t
ilHtBMIattWttB 3^ubltratt0«H
185
la
1 I -
>*
pioneer of the class of juvenile papers now so numerous. Suspended in 1875.
Little Folks^ 1869-1877: Monthly magazine of illus- trated juvenile literature. Adams^ Blackmer & Lyon Pub- lishing Co._, publishers.
Living Church, 1878-1907: Devoted to the interests of the Episcopal church. Established by Rev. Samuel S.
H
D. D
d th
Rev. John Fulton. D. D
Th
paper passed into the hands of the Rev. C. W. Leffingwell
D. D
879, and h
editor and publisher until 1900.
In 1907 the paper was removed to Milwaukee^ where it is still published.
Logan Square Herald, 1910-1912: Issued from No. 3414 Fullerton avenue. B. F. Stevens^ Jr._, publisher. Originally started as a semi-monthly juvenile enterprise^ but is now published weekly.
Lumber World Review, 1912: A combination of the Lumber World, Chicago, established in 1905, and the Lum- ber Review of Kansas City, started in 1897. Published by the Lumber Review Co., Transportation Building, No. 608 South Dearborn street, on the 10th and 25th of each month. Subscription price, $2.00 per year. Boiling Arthur John- son, editor; L. E. Fuller and George R. Ford, associate editors. Each issue of the Lumber World Review embraces from 68 to 100 or more pages. Covers all branches of lum- ber manufacturing and distribution.
L'Unione Italiano, 1867-1869: Published weekly by the Italo-American Printing Co.
LuTHERiscHE KiRCHENFREUND^ 1869-1881: A German Lutheran publication. In 1877 and 1880 Rev. J. D. Sev- eringhaus was editor; Severinghaus & Co.^ publishers.
Machinery List, 1 900- 1912: Issued monthly in the interest of sawmill and woodworking machinery. Published by A. H, Hitchcock, Suite 1220-1235 Caxton Building.
Manford^s Magazine, 1856-1881 :
A Universalist
it
186 MxBniinntaviB PttbltrattnttH
i
monthly. Rev. Erasmus Manford and Mrs. Manford were editors and publishers.
Manufacturers' News, 1912: Published in the inter- est of the manufacturing industries of Illinois. Glenn & Co.^ publishers. Issued weekly. Office of publication^ Suite 935 American Trust Building. Subscription price^ $3.00 per year. The Manufacturers' News embraces in
each issue from 20 to 40 pages^ and contains articles of import relating to modern methods of production^ and bear- ing u])on the rclationsliip of manufacturers to the state and nation. John M. Glenn is president of the company.
Market Review and Price Current^ 1860-1871 : Listed in tlie city directories of 1860 and 1871 as a weekly^ published by P. L. and J. H, Wells.
]\1asonic Chronicler: Established in 1898 as a monthly^ subsequently issued weekly, it becoming the pioneer Masonic publication ap})earing in this form in the Illinois jurisdiction. In 1007 the Chronicler was purchased Jason R. Lewis^ a ])rominent Mason and a newspaper man of experience, he assuming cliarge of the editorial depart- ment. Since ]\Ir. Lewis' advent the Chronicler has taken its place as an influential craft publication^ its circulation being conceded to be the largest of any Masonic journal in the country. Many features have been instituted by Mr. Lewis which add to its excellence as an exponent of the ancient rite^ and the publication covers a wide field in Masonic activities. Subscription priee^ $1.00 per year.
Masonic Record, 1 873-1 878 : Carson and Barnard were publishers in 1873; Carson and Lamberson in 187^; C. H. Carson & Co.^ publishers^ 1878.
Medical Investigator, 1860-1875 : Bi-monthly Ho- meopathic j ournal. At the close of 1 866 it became a strictly professional monthly^ with Dr. T. C. Duncan as its editor. In 1875 it was merged with the United States Medical and Surgical Journal.
J r
Medical Standard, 1885-1912: Published by G. P.
A
MlBCtiinntimB J^ubltratuittH 187
1^
1^1
n
■t
Englehard & Co.^ No. 357 South Dearborn street^ Chicago. Devoted to the science and practice of medicine. Founded in 1885. Issued monthly. Subscription price^ $1.00 per year.
Medical Times, 1869-1907: Devoted to the Eclectic
School of Medicine and Surgery. In 1885 H. S. Tucker was publisher. In 1907 Dr. Finley EUingwood was editor and publisher.
Merchants^ Record and Show Window, 1903-1912:
Illustrated monthly issued in the interest of the merchant and window decorator^ by the Merchants' Record Co._, pub- lishers^ from No. 431 South Dearborn street. Thos. A; Bird^ editor. This publication is the successor of the Show Window^ founded in 1897. Under the present management four publications have been absorbed that treated the sub- ject of window trimming in their papers.
Mida^s Criterion: Established in 1884. Semi-monthlv. Devoted to the interests of the wine^ liquor and beer trade of the United States. Published by the Criterion Publish- ing Co. William Mida, editor-in-chief. Office of publica- tion^ No. 537 South Dearborn street. Subscription price^ $5.00 per year. Mida's Criterion covers every branch of the distilling trade in the United States.
Mill Supplies, 1911-1912: Issued monthly in the in- terest of jobbers and manufacturers of mill, steam^ mine and machinery supplies. Published by the Crawford Pub- lishing Co., Ellsworth Building, Dearborn and Harrison streets. Elmer Crawford, editor-in-chief. Clayton C. Cooper, managing editor. Subscription price, $2.00 per year.
Mirror of Fashions, 1877-1880: An advertising pub- lication sheet. In 1880 J. D. Goodrich and Co., were publishers.
MissioNAREN, 1870-1877: Published by the Norwegian and Danish Methodists. The editors were: Rev. A. Haag- ensen, Rev J. H. Johnson, and Rev. K. Schon.
^ +
188
MxBttiinnmnB l^nblxtntwnB
Missionary Tidings: Established in 1897. S. K. J. Chesbro^ publisher. From 1907 to 1912 W. B. Rose was publisher. Illustrated monthly. Subscription price, 50 cents per year.
M
\
87
Founded originally
a
d
a k
g
)ublished under the auspices of the Swed- In 1880 the publication was changed to ious political weekly, and in 1 882 a corporation as the Missions Friends Publisliing Co. took over
tlie pai)er. The editorial staff embraces Rev. O. Hogfeldt
)ring. Business manager, C
Rev. A. Johnson and A. G. Petterson. Mission \ eating the free churcli n
P. B
is a religious paper advo
ement which
d its
pt
an
d
almost a century ago in tlie state church of Sweder urges temperance and moral reform.
Monumental News, 1889-1012: Issued monthly in the interest of the marble and granite industry^ by R. J. Haight^, publisher. Office of publication^ No. 410 South Dearborn street. Tlie Monumental News is an important exponent of the art associated with the creation of artistic monuments. John W. Weston and O. H. Sample^ editors.
]\IoRNiNG Herald, 1879: Started as an exponent of the principles of Democracy and had but a brief existence. Lack of capital and internal strife caused the paper's suspension. Wm. Burgess had some interest in the paper in the latter portion of the undertaking's career.
Morning Pc
tablished bv J
1860-1865: D > W. Sheahan.
And
d weekly. Es- Matteson, and
Francis A. Eastman as a Democratic paper^ friendly to Stephen A. Douglas. It was edited bv J. W. Sheahan,
1862-1865, a In 1863 it b
d
blished by the Ch the Post and con
Post Company, d so until 1865.
that year Sheahan and Matte
I
F. A. Eastm; interest to M was tran;
were
edito
d
was m iam Pi
transferred the name to that
to a
f
imbe publ
The latter disposed of his 1862, and the paper finally
who changed
V.
f
individuals v
in 1865. From this un-
MxBttiiuntoviB fubltrattonfi
189
r ■
>
i^
dertaking came the present Inter O Young Scammon. A
ed by J
new
Post
was
h
started
continued to issue until the f
was
m
878
d d by the Daily News
Morning Star, 1875-1879: A Baptist weekly^ founded
at Dover^ New Hampshire^ in 1826. According to the
directories it was dated for Boston and Chicago^ 1875-
1879. In 1875 George T. Day was editor; I, D. Stewart^ publisher. G. F. Mosher and Rev. A. H. Ruling were editors, 1876-1879.
Motor Age, 1899-1912: Leading automobile publica- tion in the United States. Issued weekly bv the Class Journal Company^ No. 910 South ^Michigan avenue. Branch office, No. 239 West Thirty-ninth street, New York City.
Subscription price, $3.00 per year. The Motor Age is is- sued with an eye to adequately cover all branches of the automobile industry^ each issue embracing from 150 pages to 400 pages on special occasions. These editions require from one ton to four tons of paper^ and from 100 pounds to 1^500 pounds of printing ink for tlie different issues. Hundreds of workmen are engaged on these regular editions of the Motor Age.
MotorCycling, 1910-1912: Issued weekly. A publica- tion for the promotion of the motor-cycle industry. Pub- lication office^ No. 538 South Dearborn street. Subscrip- tion rates^ $2.00 per year. Each number of MotorCycling embraces from 48 to 61 or more pages. Editor^ T, J. Sulli- van; associate editors^ W. M. Gladish^ Murry Fahnestock^ D. R. Hix. Business manager^ W. D. Collender.
Museum and Hotel Register^ 1861-1873: Daily. R. V. Kennedy, publisher in 1860. In 1873 the Evening Mail Co. were publishers.
Music Neavs, 1908-1912: Devoted to the dissemination of music news in all parts of the United States and in many foreign countries. Chas. E. Watt^ editor and publisher. Issued monthly. Office of publication^ Kimball Hall.
190 MxBttiiun^tins Publtrattnna
Musical Independent, 1868-1873: A monthly devoted to musical interests. W. S. B. Mathews^ editor^ and Lyon & Healy^ publishers.
Mystic Star, July^ 1861-1874: A monthly^ devoted to Masonry. In the period which this periodical covered there were many changes in the editors and publishers. In 1874- the Mystic Star Co. were the publishers.
Nar Och Fjerran, 187i-1870: A Swedish illustrated monthly publislied at the Hemlandet office^ 187*1-1877. Enan der & Bohman were editors in 1877.
Xarodni Novixg, 1868-1870: A Bohemian weekly pub- lication. Joseph Sladek was editor in 1870; T. B. Beloh- radsky was publisher.
National Board of Trade, 1 877-1 870 : Published weekly. E. A. Saxby was editor in 1878; M. T. Lane was editor^ the National Board of Trade Publishing Co.^ were publishers^ 1870.
National Builder: (Builder and Woodworker^ 186i; National Builder^ 1 885 ; consolidated in 1 806.) Issued monthly. Office of publication^, No. 537 South Dearborn street. Published by the Porter-Hodgson Co. F. T. Hodg- son^ editor ; C. A. ]\Iiller^ associate editor. Subscription price^ $1.50 per year.
National Car Builder, 1870-1881: A monthly devoted to mechanics. It was dated from New York and Chicago. In 1876 James Gillett was editor and Dinsmore & Co. were publishers. Became consolidated with National Car and Locomotive Builder^ and in 1896 was merged in the American Engineer and Railroad Journal.
National Democrat^ 1855-1860: A daily Douglas pa- per; edited by Dr. Ignatius Koch^ published by J. E. Com- mitti. Later editors were Koch and Schade^ then Koch and Froehlich; later publishers were Michael Diversey^ then Fritz Becker.
National Demokrat, 1876-1877: A German Demo- cratic paper^ published daily except Sunday. George
u*
[1
4
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iltBrrUanpoufl pttWtratt0ttH 191
Braham was business manager in 1877. It was said to be the official organ of the city and county^ to have a larger circulation than any other German Democratic pa- per in the west^ and to be the only German Democratic paper published in Chicago-
National Engineer, 1897-1912: Issued monthly by the National Association of Stationary Engineers^ No. 417 South Dearborn street. John W. Lane^ editor; A. J. Dixon^ associate editor; R. W. Larkin^ manager. Devoted exclu- sively to power plant engineering and allied interests.
National Farmer, 1875 to date (1879): A monthly publication issued from the office of Factory and Farm, M. E. Cole was editor^ and Fox^ Cole^ and Company were publishers in 1879.
National Finance: Monthly publication^ devoted to the exposition of high-grade investments throughout the United States. The National Finance succeeded another publication and was first published under the present title the latter part of 1901. Wells Goodhue has been editor and publisher from the first issue. Office of publication^ Suite 1652-3 Monadnock Block,
National Harness Review: Established in 1879. Jef- ferson Jackson^ editor and publisher. The National Har- ness Review is the oldest publication in the United States devoted exclusively to the harness trade. Published monthly at No. 542 South Dearborn street. In every- thing which makes for the advance of the saddlery in- dustry as well as for its collateral branches the National Harness Review has for a generation been a potent factor in the business. In the center of distributing activity the field of a publication in the harness industry is a broad one, and this has been covered by the Review, its editor and founder extending its circulation throughout the coun- try as well as in foreign lands. The policy of the Re- view has been along the line of the greatest good to the greatest number. Subscription price, $1.00 per year.
192 MiBniiantanB 5ublirati0ttB
National Hay and Grain Reporter, 1900-1912: Orig- inally started in Chicago^ but subsequently moved to De- catur^ 111., and merged with the Grain Man's Guide. In 1909 the paper was purchased by J. Carver Strong and J. Ralph Pickell and transferred to Chicago, Mr. Strong is the manager^ and Mr. Pickell is the editor^ with staff corre- spondents in leading terminal markets. Issued fortnightly.
National Hotel Reporter, 1872-1912: Published daily. Frank Glossop & Co. were editors and publishers in 1873; Scott and Rice were editors and publishers in 1876-1880. F. W. Rice editor and publisher in 1907.
National Jeweler, 1 906- 1912: Founded in 1 906. Published by G. P. En^lehard & Co., at No. 537 South Dearborn street, Chicago. Issued in the interest of the various brandies of the jewelry trade. Subscription price, $1,00 per annum. A publication claiming to have the largest circulation in the world of any paper devoted to the jewelry trade.
National Laundry Journal, 1878-1912: A semi- monthly publication devoted to the laundry trade. Charles Dowst was the founder and publisher from the beginning of the undertaking. In 1907 the title of the publishers was changed to Dowst Bros. Co. The National Laundry Journal is the first paper to be published in the interest of the laundry trade^ and it is the official organ of the National Association of Laundrymen.
National Live Stock Journal, 1870-1888: A monthly devoted to live stock interests. John P. Reynolds was editor and George W. Rust & Co. w^ere editors and pub- lishers, 1873-1875. J. H. Sanders was editor till 1882, and the Stock Journal Co. were publishers.
National Printer Journalist, 1897-1912: Official journal of the National Editorial Association. Issued monthly from 4618 West Ravenswood Park. B. B. Her- bert^ editor. The periodical is published in the interest of printing and allied trades. Subscription price^ $2.00 per year.
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National Sunday School Teacher, 1869-1881: Rev. Edward Eggleston was editor^ 1870-1873. M. C. Hazard was editor from 1874 until after 1880. Adams^ Black- mer & Lyon^ publishers.
Native American, 1855-1856: Founded by W. W. Danenhower in advocacy of the principles of the Native American party^ but the small recognition which the can- didate for President^ Millard Fillmore, received in 1856 showed the utter fallacy of the policy and the paper proved a failure.
New Church Independent and Review, 1853-1880:
A monthly, devoted to Swedenborgian interests. John S. Weller was editor and Weller and Metcalf were pub- lishers from 187i to 1880.
New Covenant, 1 848-1 886 : A Universalist publica- tion. Edited by Rev. W. E. Mauley and Rev. J. M. Day, 1848-1849; S. P. Skinner, 1849-1855; L. B. Mason, 1855- 1859; D. R. Livermore and Mrs. Mary A. Livermore were the editors from 1859 to 1869. In 1869, Rev. J. W. Han- son, D. d., and Rev. Selden Gilbert became owners. The Star of the West of Cincinnati, was consolidated with the New Covenant in 1880, the name becoming Star and Covenant, and the publication being continued in Chicago. In December, 1883, the Universalist Publishing House of Boston, bought the paper and changed its name to Uni- versalist. In May, 1884, Rev. J. S. Cantwell became editor.
New World, 1863-1873: New World Co., publishers. J. and C. P. Russell, editors. Devoted to the cause of tem- i perance. Not connected with the publication of the pres-
ent issued under the same name.
New World, 1892-1912: Published weekly in the in- terest of the Catholic faith by the Catholic Press Co., New World Building, No. 1 122 South Wabash avenue. Dr. Thomas O'Hagan. editor. Subscription price, $2.00 per year.
li. ii
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194 MxBttiiuntarxB J^ttbltratinna
Newspaper Union, 1871-1878: Established by the Chi- cago Newspaper Union. Samuel H. Williams, editor. Chas. E. Strong, manager.
NoRDEN, 1874-1881: A Norwegian paper, Hallward Hande was editor, and I. T. Relling & Co. were publishers.
Northwest Advertiser, 1910-1912: Published by Tal- cott, Talcott & Tillinghast, from No. 2445 Armitage avenue. Issued free for advertising purposes.
Northwestern Baptist, 1842-1844: Semi-monthly. Edited by Thos. Powell. First religious publication issued in Chicago.
Northwestern Christian Advocate, 1853-1912: A weekly, edited by James V. Watson, 1853-1856; Rev. Thos. M. Eddy, 1856-1868. In 1868 the editorship was given to Rev. John Morrison Reid. Mr. Reid was suc- ceeded in 1872 by Arthur Edwards, D. D. David D. Thompson was editor 1901-1908; Charles M. Stuart in 1909. Hitchcock and V/alden were publishers from be- fore 1869 until 1880, with Dr. Luke Hitchcock as man- ager. In 1880 Walden and Stowe became publishers; Jennings & Graham are publishers at this date.
Northwestern Church, 1862-1865: An Episcopal church paper. Rev. Thomas Smith, publisher.
North-Westerx Commercial Traveler, 1878-1881: A commercial monthly. Edited and published by Hatch & Chase.
Northwestern Educator and Magazine of Litera- ture AND Science, 1847-1849: A monthly, edited and published by James L. Enos and D. L. Curtiss. Devoted to education and the principles of practical instruction.
North-Western Farmer, 1866-1869: A monthly ag- ricultural publication. The North- Western Farmer Co., editors and publishers.
Northwestern Journal of Homeopathia, 1848-1852:
Monthly. Edited and published by Dr. George E. Ship- man.
MiBuiiunsaxxB l^nblitntlanB 195
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North-Western Lumberman, 1 873-1 898 : Published in the interest of the lumber trade. Judson^ Dicey & Co.^ publishers in 1875^ and the Lumberman Publishing Co. were publishers in 1880. In 1898 the name was changed to American Lumberman^ and in 1899 the Timberman was taken over and merged with the American Lumber- man. (See sketch elsewhere.)
Northwestern Medical and Surgical Journal, 1848- 1857: In 1849 W. B. Herrick and John Evans appeared as editors. Dr. N. S. Davis became editor in May^ 1854, with Dr. Johnson assistant_, and A. B. Case, publisher, who in 1856 was succeeded by Robert Fergus. In 1857 Dr. Davis was sole editor.
Northwestern Money Reporter, 1 860 : Listed in the city directory of 1860 as weekly, semi-monthly, and monthly.
Northwestern Prairie Farmer, October 7y 1858 to date (1860): Established by James C. Medill^ editor^ and William S. Honnold^ publisher.
Northwestern Presbyterian. 1 857-1 869 : A weeklv edited and published in 1869 by Rev. E. E. Erskine and Rev. David McKinney. Rev. J. B. McClure was asso- ciate editor.
Northwestern Review, 1867-1874: A weekly paper, devoted to insurance. In 1870 and 1871 it was published monthly. It became weekly again in 1872. R. R. Dear- den was editor and publisher, 1870-1874. In 1872 the title was give as Northwestern Weekly Review.
Nova Doba, 1868 to date (1871): A weekly Bohemian publication. Joseph Pastor was editor and the Bohemian Printing and Publishing Company were publishers in
1871.
Nya Svenska Amerikanaren, 1873-1876: Edited by Magnus Elmblad^ then Gottfried Cronwall, then^ 1874^ by A. L. Gyllenhaal^ and later by him and Herman Roos till it was sold to Mattson. Under the Swedish Publishing
196 MxBttiimtoixB fubltratuinB
Co._, Nya Verlden and Skandia of Moline were united and consolidated with Nya Verlden.
Nya Verlden, 1871-1876: Moved to Chicago from Galva^ where it had been established in January^ 1869, as Illinois Swede by Eric Johnson. Andrew Chaiser and C. F. Peterson became partners, and the name was changed to Nya Verlden. In Cliicago P. A. Sundelius
became co-editor with Peterson; Johnson soon sold his in- terest to Chaiser. After the fire the paper was published in Galesburg until ]\Iarch, 1872. Herman Roos became associate editor witli Peterson in 1873. In 1876 the paper was turn' d over to tlie Swedish Publishing Co., which com- bined Svenska Anuricanaren with Nya Verlden and be- gan Svenska Tribunen.
Occident, 1873-181)5: Jewish weekly. Devoted to
general news, literature, science, art, and the interest of
the Hebrews of tlie Northwest. Julius Silversmith, M.A.,
was editor and proprietor, 1873-1895. Occident Publish- ing Co., publishers.
Office Appliances, 1904-1912: Issued monthly by the
Office Appliance Co., No. 417 South Dearborn street.
Originally established in New York, and in 1905 was moved
to Chicago. George H. Patterson was president of the
company until his death in 1908; Evan Johnson succeeded
to the presidency and is now editor of the publication; A. H. Hitchcock, vice-president; N. W. Tupper, secretary. De- voted to modern office equipment.
Olive Wreath, January, 1867-1869: An Odd Fel- lows' monthly. W. J. Chaplin was editor and publisher, 1867-1869. This magazine was consolidated with Odd Fellows' Wreath, Detroit, and Western Odd Fellow.
Our Boys' and Girls' Own, 1873-1875: A monthly publication. J. A. Densmore was editor and publisher in 1875.
Our Fireside Friend, 1872-1875: A weekly literary
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MiBtfiiuntanB publtrationa 197
magazine. Waters^ Evert & Co.^ editors. A. P. Miller was publisher in 1875.
Our New Empire, 1878-1879: A monthly publication^ E. H. Briggs and W. W. Fithian were editors.
Paint and Varnish Record : Issued semi-monthly. Paint and Varnish Record Publishing Co.^ publishers. Pub- lication office^ Republic Buildings State and Adams streets. J. Milton Head^ editor. Subscription price, $2.00 per year. Devoted to the paint and varnish manufacturers, linseed crushers and allied industries.
Park and Cemetery, 1891-1912: The name under which this publication was started was ''Modern Cemetery/' R, J. Haight^ publisher. This periodical is believed to be the only one published in which the interests of cemeteries are embraced and the subjects relating to their beautifying are treated. Issued monthly.
People^s Weekly^ 1 871-1 883 : An illustrated paper published by Rand^ McNally & Co.
Pharmacist, September^ 1868-1885 : Established by the Chicago College of Pharmacy. E. H. Sargent was its first editor^ afterward being succeeded by a number of others. In 1885 the Pharmacist was merged with the Western Druggist^ a sketch of which is elsewhere.
Phenix, 1871-1909: Weekly newspaper. M. A. Ful- ler was editor and publisher in 1872. In 1907 Frank E. Stanley was editor and publisher. In 1909 the Phenix Publishing Co. conducted the paper for a brief period_, later suspending.
Piano Magazine and Music Industry, 1906-1912: Originally published in Ncm^ York City by the N. Y. Music Industry Corporation; in 1910 the magazine was moved to Chicago. M. G. Reed^ editor. E. S. Richardson is presi- dent of the company. Office of the publication^ Suite 538- 539 Heisen Building.
Pictorial Advertiser, 1872-1877: Published by the Pictorial Printing Co.^ John McGreer^ editor.
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Picture Gallery for Young Folks, 1878-1881 : A monthly publication devoted to j iivenile interests. Mrs. D. N. Bash was editor and the Chicago Engraving Co., publishers.
Plate-Makers^ Criterion, 1905-1912: Issued monthly in the interest of plate makers, electrotypers, engravers, etc., by the Ostrander-Seymour Co.^ publishers, Tribune Building. Subscription price^ 50 cents per year.
PoMEROY^s Democrat, 1876-1880: Established in New York by Mark M. Pomeroy in 1869. Removed to Chi- cago in 1876. Advocated the principle of the government issuing money, or "greenbacks.'' Flourished for several years, but the idea gradually receded and the paper ceased publication.
Popular Electricity, 1908-1912: Issued monthly by Popular Electricity Co. Henry Arthur Young, editor. Devoted to popularizing electricity through the means of articles dressed in non-technical language. Subscription price, $1.50 per year. Each issue of Popular Electricity embraces from 100 to 150 pages^ and has readers in every state and territorv in the United States and in addition circulates in many foreign countries.
Popular Mechanics, 1903-1912: Published monthly by Popular Mechanics Co., No. 318 West Washington street. H. H. Windsor, editor. Devoted to the promotion of all branches of mechanical and inventive activities. Subscrip- tion rates, $1.50 per year. The articles in the Popular ISIechanics Magazine are written in language that the non- technical reader can readily grasp the subjects treated.
P
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average investigator. The publication embraces each month from 150 to 200 pages.
Post, 1865-1874: Established by Wm. Pigott and Stan- ley G. Fowler; in a brief time was taken over by David Blakely and C. H. Blakely. In 1867 Dr. Chas. H. Ray became editor and soon pushed the paper into prominence. In 1873 W. M. Taylor secured control, and in a short
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MxBttiinntanB J^nblirationa 199
time the paper was consolidated with the Mail^ forming the Post and Mail. In 1878 the Post franchise was sold to the Daily News.
Practical Engineer : Founded in 1 896^ in Phila-
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delphia. In 1908 the publication was taken over by tlie Technical Publishing Co., and moved to Chicago. The Practical Engineer is published in the interests of those who construct, install and operate power plant machinery, its circulation reaching into the thousands. Up to January, 1912, the Practical Engineer was issued monthly, but is now published twice a month. Editor-in-chief, Arthur L. Rice; associate editors, R. E. Turner and N. G. Meade. Subscription price, $1.00 per year. Publication office, No. 537 Dearborn street. Officers of the company are: E. R. Shaw, president ; C. B. Leech, vice-president ; Chas. S. Clarke, secretary ; A. L. Rice, treasurer.
Practical Teacher, 1877-1881: Monthly educational journal. Klein & Kimball, publishers.
Prairie Farmer, 1813-1912: Devoted to the interests of argiculture, the Prairie Farmer has been an important influence in the special field it covers. A number of prom- inent agriculturists have been associated with the publi- cation during its history. B. D. Butler is publisher and president of the company.
Prairie Herald, 1849-1853: Rev. G. S. F. Savage and Rev. A. L. Chapin were corresponding editors. Mr. Wight was sole editor, 1851-1858. From 1816 to 1853 the paper enunciated the doctrines of the New School Presbyterians and the Congregationalists.
Presbyterian Recorder, 1861-1862: Lake, Quinlan & Raymond, publishers.
Present Age, 1868-1872: A weekly spiritualist paper. D. M. Fox, editor and publisher.
Press, 1870-1874: Horton & Leonard, publishers. The fire of 1871 caused the suspension of the publication, but in 1872 it was revived under the name of the Illustrated
200 MiBttiiantonB Publtrattonfi
Journal,, and in 1874 it was renamed Illustrated Press^ and published by Horton & Landon.
Press Club Scoop, 1911-1912: Published by the Chicago Press Club^ from No. 26 North Dearborn street. Issued Weekly under authority of the Board of Directors. Sub- scription price^ 50 cents per year.
Price Current and Manufacturers^ Record, 1866- 1870: Jolm C. \y. Bailey and William Holly were editors in 1866. Bailey published the paper at that time^ and during 1869 and 1870 was both editor and publisher.
Primary Paper: Published bv the Free Methodist Pub- lishing House in 1897. Published by S, K. J. Chesbro till 1907; by W. B. Rose to date (1912). Weekly, four pages, yearly subscription, 20 cents.
Printing Press^ 1 875-1876 : A quarterly publication for printers, journalists, and others. Edited by Henry R. Boss and published for the Franklin Society as a means of increasing the library of that society.
Profitable Paint, 1911-1912: Devoted to advancing the interests of paint dealers throughout the country. Issued monthly. Chas. Barr Field, publisher. Terms of subscription, 50 cents per year. Office of publication. Se- curity Building, Fifth avenue and Madison street.
Progressive Thinker, 1889-1912: Founded by John R. Francis, to encourage investigation into psychic phenomena and promote discussion of spiritualism. From the date of establishing the paper until his death in 1910 Mr. Francis was the directing force which made the publication an influential factor in its special field of effort. Upon the demise of her husband ]\Irs. Francis assumed the editorship, giving way a few months later to E. F. Cadwallader, the present editor. Issued weekly from No. 106 Loomis street. Subscription price, $1.00 per year.
uiD NuNC^ 1842. D. S. Griswold, editor, Ellis, Fer- gus & Co., publishers. It is claimed this paper was the
fir$t one-cent publication in the West, Was short lived.
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Railroader and Railway Enterprise, 1 878-1 879 : Published monthly. Railroader Publishing Co.^ publishers.
Railroad Conductor's Brotherhood Magazine, 1876- 1880:. J. W. Boyles^ editor and publisher.
Railroad Gazette, 1863-1882: Established by Stan- ley G. Fowler. In 1865 A. N. Kellogg became the owner^
Fowler remaining as editor. S, Wright Dunning and M. N. Forney were editors and publishers from 1873 to 1883. In 1882 the paper was moved to New York. In 1908 the Gazette was merged with the Railway Age as the Railway Age Gazette and continues to be issued under that title.
Railway Age, 1876-1908: A weekly journal devoted to the construction^ equipment^ operation^ maintenance, and public relations of railways. Railway Age Publish- ing Co., publishers. In 1891 the Northwestern Rail- roader, published at Minneapolis, was consolidated with the Railway Age, moved to New York,
Railway Enterprise, 1 878 : Published by Day K. Smith. It was combined in 1879 with Railroader, and continued as Railroader and Railway Enterprise.
Railway Journal: Published by the Railway Journal Publishing Co., 420 Royal Insurance Bldg., Jackson boulevard and LaSalle street. Established July, 1898, in St. Louis, by E. C. Cook, its present owner and editor. In September, 1906, the publication was moved to Chi- cago, and it it has been printed in this city since that date. The Railway Journal is 36 pages, published monthly. Subscription j^^ice, $1.00 per year. Circulates in every state and many foreign countries. As implied by its title, the Railway Journal is devoted to matters of general interest to the railways and to the advancement of the transportation service. Official organ of the Amer- ican Railway Tool Foremen's Association.
Railway Master Mechanic, 1878-1912: Devoted to the interests of railroads. O. H, Reynolds was editor^
202 ilifirHlanfoufi Pttblirationfi
and Bruce V. Crandall Co. were publishers until Febru- ary^ 1909_, when they sold to the Railway List Co.^ which
now publishes the 2>^per.
Railway Purchasing Agent, 1878-1886: Edited and published by Willard A. Smith in 1870. Smith and Cowles were publishers in 1880. United with Railway Master Mechanic in 1886.
Real Estate and Building Journal, 1868-1912: De- voted to real estate and building. C. A. Smith was editor and Hungerford & Co, were publishers in 1873-1 87 i. Other changes in editorial and publishing responsibility took place^ and the paper was taken over by tlie Real Estate Publishing Co.^ in 1008.
Real Estate News Letter and Insurance Monitor, 1 857-1 8o8: Published monthly by Gallahcr & Gilbert. Was short-lived.
Real Estate Register of the Northwest, 1857- 1858: Issued monthly. Edited and publislied by G. W. Yerby & Co.
Record, 1872-1879: Monthly. H. V. Reed and C. Gardner were publishers, 1872-^1873. In 1879 J. M. J. Gillespie was editor and j^roprictor.
Religio-Philosophical Journal, 1865-1895 : Devoted to spiritualism. S. S. Jones was editor and publisher^ 1870-1877, and proprietor, 1873-1875. In 1879 and 1880, John C. Bundy was editor and manager.
Reporter, 1868-1901: Established by Francis N, Nich- ols under the firm name of Nichols & Company. Mr. Nichols was editor and publisher until 1878, and was thereafter editor until 1904. The Reporter was the pio- neer and for many years the only trade magazine pub- lished in the interest of the granite and marble monu- mental trade.
Republican, 1842-1844: Edited by A. R. Niblo, 1842- 1843; F. W. Cleveland, 1843-1844. It was established
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to create a public sentiment favoring the re-election of President John Tyler.
Republican, 1 865-1872 : Established by numerous stockholders residing in Chicago and throughout the state^ among whom were John V. Farwell^ Joseph K. C. For- rest and J. Young Scammon^ of Chicago; J. K. Dubois and Jacob Bunn^ of Springfield; John Wood_, of Quincy^ and A. W. Mack^ of Kankakee. The company bought the plant and franchise of the Morning Post^ and engaged the services of Chas. A. Dana as editor. In a brief time Dana withdrew and other changes supervened. In 1870 Jacob Bunn became sole owner^ later disposing of his interest to a company consisting of Joseph B. McCul- laugh^ John R. Walsh and others. The fire of 1871 seri- ously crippled the paper^ and in March^ 1872^ J. Young Scammon took the property and renamed the paper^ call- ing it the Inter Ocean^ a sketch of which is given elsewhere.
Restitution, 1871-1871: Thomas Wilson was editor and publisher in 1871. In 1873-1871 Thomas Wilson was editor^ and Wilson^ Pierce & Co. were publishers. It was known as the organ of Servants of Jesus Christ in
1872.
Retail Coalman: Issued in the interests of various branches of the coal industry. Office of publication^, Monad- nock Block. Morton Iliscox^ business manager.
Retailing, 1904-1912: Issued semi-monthly in the inter- est of the retail trade. Published by Retail Publishing Co. Edited by Ralph Borsodi. Office of publication^ Monon Building.
Right Thinking^ 1912 to date: Devoted to the ethics of education. Publication office^ No. 118 N. La Salle street. Edward Garston Smithy editor and publisher. Issued quar- terly. Subscription price^ $1.00 per year.
Rock Products (established in Louisville, Ky., 1902): Devoted to concrete and manufactured building materials. Issued monthly from No. 537 South Dearborn street. E.
204 MiBttiiuntanB publtratinna
H. Defebaugh^ F. K. Irvine^ editors; Benj. F. Lippold^ managing editor; C. S. Warner and F. R. Van Hamm^ asso- ciate editors.
Rollins Magazine: Issued quarterly. E. H. Rollins & Sons^ publishers^ No. 234 South La Salle street. Herbert W. Briggs^ editor. Published in the interest of conserva- tive bond investors.
Rounds' Printers Cabinet, 1856-1881: Published by Rounds & Langdon. In December^ 1856^ there was but one other journal in the United States that was devoted exclusively to tlie interest of the art preservative. It continued for twenty-five years to be tlie leading publica- tion in the disi)lay of typograj)hical specimens.
Sandebudet, 1862-1912: Official organ of the Swedish
Methodist Episcopal Church of America. Originally
founded in Rockford^ 111.^ later being moved to Chicago.
Published by the Swedisli Methodist Book Concern^ No. 351
West Oak street. J. E. Hillberg and M. L. Hookert,
editors, James T. Wigren^ business manager. Issued
weekly. Subscription price^ $1.50 per year. Two other
publications are issued by the Swedish Book Concern^ viz.,
Sondagsskol-Baneret, a weekly, and Epworth-Klockan, a semi-monthly.
Saturday Blade, 1887-1912: Issued weekly, by W. D.
Bovce Co., No. 500 Dearborn avenue. The Saturdav Blade
is given to exploiting sensational happenings and to stories
out of the ordinary trend. Subscription rates, $1.00 per year.
Saturday Evening Herald, 1874-1909: Devoted to society, literature, art and music. Founded by John M. Dandy and L. B. Glover. A number of changes took place in its editorial staff between the years 1874-1893. Edward Freiberger was editor in 1907; E. L. Briggs in 1909 began the publication of the Illustrated Review and merged the paper with that enterprise.
Saturday Evening Review, 1860: Published by Will- iam Pigott for a brief time.
MiBniiantonz Publiratuinfi 205
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Scholar, 1873-1876: Publication was continued until
1876 when, upon the establishment of St. Nicholas in New York, the Scholar was bought by the St. Nicholas Co.
Sewing Machine Advance, 1879-1907: A monthly, devoted to sewing machine trade interests. Established by A. M. Leslie tSc Co.
Shoe and Leather Weekly (in connection with Daily Hide Report) : A. H. Lockwood, editor and publisher. Issued in the interest of all branches of the leather industry. Office of publication. No. 151 West Randolph street.
Signal, 1879-1881: A weekly devoted to temperance. Mary B. Willard, editor and publisher.
Skandinaven, 1866-1912: A Norwegian daily and bi- weekly paper, with a Sunday edition. It was established by Knud Langeland and John Anderson, who retained his interest until his death in 1910. In 1573 Victor F. Law- son bought an interest. Johnson, Anderson and Lawson were proprietors and publishers, 1871-1875; in 1876 and
1877 Anderson and Lawson were editors and publishers. John Anderson Publishing Co. has continued as publishers
from 1889 to date.
Sloan's Garden City, 1853-1854: A literary paper edited by Walter Sloan; published at first by Robert Fer- gus, afterward by Charles Scott & Co. The paper was merged in 1854 with the People's Paper of Boston, which suspended in 1870.
Social Science Journal, 1877-1881: A monthly, is- sued by the Illinois Social Science Association. Miss S. A. Richards was editor, 1879-1880.
Socialist, 1878: An English organ of the Socialist Labor party, Frank Hirth, editor, and A. R. Parsons, assistant editor. Because of party strife the paper failed, and Parsons became editor of Alarm, which was continued with more or less regularity until the Haymarket riot of 1886.
SoKOL Americky, 1879-1912: A monthly paper, the
206 MxBnihntonB l^nblxtntxonB
official organ of the United Bohemian Gymnastic Associa- tions in the United States. Established under the editor- ship of G. Reisl. Later editors have been J. Hajek and August Volensky^ Jos. Cermak^ Dr. K. Stulik^ Ant, Haller. The editorial staff in 1901 included Dr. J. Rudis Jiyinskc^ Cedar Rapids^ lowa^ managing editor; Jos. Cermak^ Chi- cago^ Ant. Haller^ Cliicago. Witli the same editorial organization^ tlie jiaper has continued to be issued by the National Printing and Publisliing Co.
Song Messenger, 1863-1875: Monthly. Root and Cady were editors and publisliers^ 1 869-1 870. J. R. Murray
was editor in 1871^, and Root and Cady were publishers. W. S. B. Matliews was editor^ and Root and Cady were publishers, 1872-1873. In 1871 and 1875 F. W. Root was editor and George F. Root and Sons were publishers.
South Chicago Advertiser, 1907-1012: Office of pub- lieation, No. 0120 Erie avenue. Talcott, Talcott & Tilling- hast^ publishers. Issued free for advertising purposes.
Spectator, 1860-1880: Insurance review. Founded by J. PI. and C. M. GoodselL Wm. Fox^ manager^ in 1880.
Sports Afield, 1887-1012: Founded in 1887^ at Denver, Colo., by Claude King, its present editor. Devoted to field sports in all branches. In 1803, in obedience to a demand for a more central point from which to circulate the maga- zine. Sports Afield w^as moved to Chicago and important features added. Subjects pertaining to hunting, fisliing, camping and outdoor life in general are given wide scope, and articles relating to the frontier and the pioneer liistory of the West, the Southw^est and Pacific coast are valuable contributions to the literature of the subject. Sports Afield is the oldest sportsmen's magazine in the country, and since the first issue it has been under the same management. Pub- lished by Sports Afield Publishing Co., No. 542 South Dear- born street. Subscription price, $1.50 per year.
Standard, 1 867-19 1 2 : A Baptist church publication. The editors and publishers were as follows: J. A. Smithy
M'xBt Biiuns otXB J^ubltrattnna 207
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D. D.^ editor^ Church and Goodman^ publishers and pro- prietors, 1869-1875; J. A. Smith, D. D,, and J. S. Dicker- son, D. D., editors, and Goodman and Dickerson, publish- ers, 1876; Goodman and Dickerson, publishers, 1877-1880; J. S. Dickerson and R. N. Van Doren, editors, and Good- man and Dickerson Company, publishers up to the present.
Stock List, 1899-1912: Issued monthly in the interest of hardwood, yellow pine, cypress and lumber-making ma- chinery. A. H. Hitchcock, publisher. Suite 1220-1235, Caxton Building.
Sun, 1869-1909: Drovers' Journal Publishing Co. is- sued a group and a series of daily papers for the South Side and the Stock Yards district under the varied names of Hyde Park Sun, Lake Daily Sun, Union Stock Yards Sun and South Side Daily Sun. In 1878 H. L. Goodall & Co. were publisliing tlie Drovers' Journal, Daily Sun, and Hyde Park Daily Sun. Since the death of H. L. Goodall in 1900, Mrs. E. F. Goodall conducted the various enterprises and still publishes the Drovers' Journal. H. L. Goodall was editor and publisher until 1872.
Sunday Democrat, 1 870 : Edited and published by George W. Ruet. Had but a brief existence.
Sunday Leader, 1 857 : The first exclusively Sunday newspaper of any permanence issued in Chicago. Pub- lished by S. P. Rounds; managing editor, Edward Bliss. Suspended during first year.
Sunday School Helper, 1870-1872: A Universalist paper, published monthly. S. A. Briggs was editor, and the Northwestern Universalist Publishing House were publishers.
Sunday School Messenger, 1868-1912 : A weekly paper edited and published by Rev, Andrew L. O'Neill, January, 1868-August, 1901; Rev. James J. Curran, Sep- tember, 1901 -August, 1904; Rev. John J. Masterson, Au- gust, 1904, to the present.
Sunday School Teacher, 1866-1869: A continuation
208 MxBttiiantanB J^ubUratinna
of Northwestern Sunday School Teachers' Quarterly^ ed- ited by Rev. J. H. Vincent, Rev. E. A. Pierce^ Rev. W. W. Evarts^ forming a publication committee.
Sunset Chimes, 1876-1887: A monthly literary maga- zine of the ''family story" type. The Sunset Chimes Publishing Company were editors and publishers.
SvENSKA Amerikanarex, 1866-1873: Published by a stock company. Hans Mattson w^as editor until February^ 1867; Herman Roos^ editor and head of the editorial staff from 1867 to 1869; Peter A. Sundelius, 1868-1870, 1871- 1873; A. W. Schalin. January to August, 1871. Paper sold in 1873 and name changed.
Svenska Amerikanarex, 1877-1912: Established by Herman Roos and Nels Anderson. Herman Roos was editor till June, 1878; Roos and Elmblad, 1878-1880; Elmblad, 1880-1884; Sundelius, C. F. Peterson and Jacob Bonggren, 1881-1888; Nels Anderson was owner until 1881, when he sold to P. A, Sundelius, N. P. Nelson and Gabriel Hjertquist, as tlie Swedisli American Printing Co. Frans A. Lindstrand acquired control in 1888, dis- posing of same to F. A. Larson in 1908.
SvEXSKA Kurirex^ 1884-1912: Published and edited by Alex J. Johnson. Issued weekly at No. 514 La Salle avenue. Subscription price, $1.50 j^er year. The Kuriren is devoted to the welfare of Swedish readers of the United States, it being also circulated among the population of the old land. The aim of the paper is to cultivate the higher
thought of the Swedish people and to interest them in the institutions of their adopted country, urging an under- standing of problems that concern their general welfare. The present proprietor has owned the Kuriren since 1888, and there has been no change in the policy of the paper since he has been its owner. The publication has been an earnest advocate of the principles of the Republican party, numbering among its readers the most enterprising
MlBttiinntaixB Publiratwttfi 209
Swedish-speaking portion of the country. The Kuriren has a large circulation and a profitable advertising patronage.
SvENSKA Republikanen (Den Svenska Republikanen i
Norra Amerika)^ 1857-1858: Established by the leaders
of the Bishop Hill colony at Galva, and edited by S. Cron- sioe, later being removed to Chicago.
Svenska Tribunen-Nyheter, 1869-1912; Established in 1869 as Svenska Tribunen. Frank Anderson^ Andrew Chaiser, C. F. Peterson were stockholders of the com- pany when the paper was started. Among the editors were C. A. Mellander in 1894; A. L. Gyllenhaal, 1894- 1899; C. F. Peterson, 1900; E. W. Olson, 1901; Gyllen- haal, 1901-1905; A. Tofft, 1906. In May, 1905, C. F. Erikson bought the Tribunen, and, in 1906, it combined with the Nyheter, taking its present name. The Swedish Publishing Co., publishers. The paper has grown in influ- ence and patronage, its sworn circulation being 62,000 copies. Issued from No. 180 North Dearborn street. C. F. Erikson is president of the company. The Svenska Tribunen-Nyheter is a recognized force among the Swedish Americans.
SvoRNOST, 1875-1912: An Independent Bohemian paper, issued daily and Sunday. F. B. Zdrubek has been chief of the editorial staff, and August Geringer publisher, since the beginning. Svornost is the oldest Bohemian daily in the United States.
System : The magazine of business. Edited by A. W. Shaw. Devoted to systematizing all branches of business, with plans for installing efficiency. Issued monthlv. Sub- scription price, $2.00 per year. Oflfice of publication, Trans- portation Building, Dearborn and Harrison streets.
Tailor's Intelligencer, 1871-1874: Issued monthly. Salisbury Bros. & Co., publishers.
Teachers' Golden Hour, 1869-1871: Issued monthly. Tomlinson Bros., editors and publishers.
210 HiHrrllattwuH fubltratuitta
Teachers^ Quarterly, embracing the Scholars'
terly, the Intermediate Quarterly and the Primary Quar- terly, all taken over by the Free Methodist Publishing House in 1807. Published by S. K. J. Chesbro until 1907, and by W. B. Rose to date (1012). Subscription price of Teachers' Quarterly, 24 cents per year; each of other three quarterlies, 12 cents a year.
Telegraph, 1862-1861': Issued daily and weekly. G. Feuehtinger was proi)rietor in 1862. In 1863 Dr. Ernest Schmidt was editor and })roi)rietor. C. Knobelsdorf and Binder were editors and proprietors, 1861.
Templar's Offering, 1864-1867: Cowdery & Law,
publisliers.
Times, 1852-1858: A Free Soil paper, daily and tri- weekly, established in connection with the Western Citizen and discontinued when that j)aper was changed to Free West. It was at first ])ublished by Fee and Townsend, and after other changes Zebina Eastman became editor and publisher.
The Breeders' Gazette, 1881-1012: Issued weekly, by tlie Sanders Publishing Co., \o. 542 South Dearborn street. Alvin H. Sanders, president; F. K. Hildebrand, secretary and general manager ; W. R. Goodwin, vice-president and managing editor. Subscription rates, $1.75 per year.
The Black Diamond: Devoted to the interests of the coal industry. Issued weekly. Published bv the Black Diamond Co. (Inc.). Subscription price^ $3.00 per year. Branch offices of the paper are located in New York^ Phila- deli)liia^ Pittsburgh and Columbus^ Ohio. The oldest pub- lication in the coal mining industry in the West.
The Cherry Circle, 1007-1912: Published monthly by tlie Chicago Atliletic Association. Deyoted to the interests of and encouragement of all branches of athletics. Sub- scription price^ $1.00 per year. Issued from the club house^ No. 125 Michigan ayenue. Edward G. Westlake^ editor. The Cherry Circle is a periodical of 100 or more
MiBtHimxtauB {lubliratinuB 211
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pages, and has among its writers and contributors many prominent in the field it covers.
The Continent : Founded in 1010. (Continuing llie Interior and Westminster.) Devoted to fornnilating Pres- byterian polities. Publication office, No. 501) South Wabash
avenue. The McCormick Publishing Co. Ev( rttt Sisson, publisher; Nolan Rice Jiest, editor; Oliver R. Williamson, managing editor; Richard S. Ilolmts, corresponding editor, and Wm. T. Ellis, editor afield. Su})scripti()n j)rice, '^l./>0 per year. A i)aper of wide influence and extensive circula- tion.
The Contractor, 1 1)00- 1012: Issue d twice monthly. Published in the interest of construction contractors. Office of publication^ 812 iMonadnock IJlock. K, II. HauMigartm^r, publisher. C. K. J5reg(*nzer, editor; J. K. Murphy, asso- ciate editor. Sul)seri})tion ])rice, $1.00 })er year. The Con- tractor is the suec(\ssor to the American Contractor, whicli had been i)ublished about two years.
The Dktkctivk, 188/5-11)12: Issued monthly. Detective Publishing (^o.^ publisluTs. Ofllei^ of j)ublication, No. 2(511
Indi/ma avenue. Subscription ))riee, ^'1.00 ])er year. Official
paper of International Association of Chiefs of IN)liee, also
a number of state associations of j)()lice and peace officials.
The Financial Rkvikw : Published in tlu^ int( rest of bankers, brokers, inv(\stors and re])r(\sentative financial in- stitutions. Issued monthly by tlu^ Credit Co., Pontiac Building. J. W. Whit(*, secretary and treasurer. Terms of subscription, $2.00 j)er year.
The Horseman and Siirit oe the Times: Issued week- ly from No. 538 South Dearborn street. Chicago Horseman Newspaper Co., ])ublislu*rs. D. J. Cam})au, president. Sub- scription r/ites, $2.00 per year.
The Hummer, lt)0t)-1012: Published in tlie interest of the hotel clerks of America. Roland Hawks and Claud Hannon, editors and publisliers. Tlie Hummer is tlie official organ of tlie Greeters of America, an organization composed
212 MiBttiiuntanB l^nbiuntxanB
of hotel clerks. Issued from Room 600^ Caxton Building,
No. 508 South Dearborn street. The Hummer circulates
among the principal hotels throughout the United States and the Dominion of Canada.
The Inn Keeper^ 1912: Cooper & Co., publishers.
Office of publication, No. 30 South Market street. Issued monthly. Devoted to sociability and enjoyment. W. E. Dennis, editor. Subscription price, $1.00 per year.
The Indicator^ 1878-1912: Issued monthly in the inter- est of tlie piano and organ trade. O. L, Fox, proprietor and manager. Each number embraces Gi^ pages, and covers the musical trade generally. Subscription price, $1.00 per year. Office of publication. Suite 40-11 Auditorium Build- ing.
The Piano Trade, 1003-1012: Devoted to the various branches of piano manufacture, botli artistic and commer- cial. Issued monthly from the Steinway Building. George B. Armstrong, editor and publisher, who has been its owner since the first issue.
The Platform, 1010-1012: Issued in the interest of
public speakers, lecturers and entertainers. A lyceum and Chautauqua magazine. Publication office. No. 61 East Van Buren street. Fred High, editor. Subscription price, 50 cents per year.
The Presto^ 1881-1012: Issued weekly in the interest of music trades and industries, by the Presto Publishing Co., No. 410 Dearborn street. Originally established in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and five years later was moved to Chicago. F. D. Abbott, president and manager; C. A. Daniell, secretary and treasurer. Subscription price, $2.00 per annum.
The Public, 1802-1012: Issued weekly from No. 537 South Dearborn street. Louis F. Post, editor; Stanley Bowmar, manager. The Public announces itself as *'a journal of fundamental democracy,'' the policy of the pub- lication being the promotion of independent thought as
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freed from corrupting influence of corporation interests.
Subscription price^ $1.00 per year.
^ The Standard: A Baptist newspaper. Church & Dick-
erson Co.^ publishers. J. S. Dickerson^ president and treasurer ; Grace Dickerson_, vice-president ; Clifford D. Gray^ secretary; editors^ J. S. Dickerson^ Clifton D. Gray. Issued from the United Religious Press Buildings 700-71 1* East Fortieth street. Subscription rates^ $2,00 per year. The Standard is one of the oldest religious publications in Chicago^ volume 60 having been reached in August^ 1912.
The Union Leader, 1900-1912: Official journal of the street car employes of Chicago. Issued weekly by the Amalgamated Association of Street and Electric Railway Employes. Subscription price^ $1.00 per year. Publication office^ Suite 631-633^ Unity Building. L. D. Bland;, editor.
Travelers^ Shippers^ and Mail Guide: Establislied in 1871^ by W. H. Stoelker^ the lack of reliable data incident to the fire of 1871 suggesting the need of the publication. The Guide contains the name of every town (railway sta- tion^ postoffice^ boat landing or otherwise), arranged by states^ with shipping directions by express and freight lines; name of railroads and express companies reaching a place; when not on a railway line^ the nearest railway station and the distance from it and nearest express office^, telegraph office^ etc.^ with list of foreign ports and places. (Revised monthly.) Guide embraces about 1^300 pages. In 1887 L. M. Collosky became associated with Stoelker^ and in 1897 the latter's interest was purchased by Collosky & ]Mat- tern^ when the Shippers' Guide Co. was incorporated, with Mr. Collosky as president^ which position he still retains. Jas. S. Pennington^ secretary-treasurer. In 1 908 the I Official Railway Guide was merged with the Travelers'
Guide and is issued as the weekly edition of the latter pub- lication. Business office^ 537 South Dearborn street. Sub- scription price^ for weekly and monthly issues^ including all changes^ $10.00 per year.
Turner's Minaret, 1873-1875: A semi-monthly publi-
I
214 iliBrFllanrnuB publtratinna
cation^ devoted to fiction. Turner & Co.^ editors and pub- lishers in 1873. Name changed to Minaret in 1875.
Ungdoms Vannen, 1871-1881: Given in 1881 as a Scandinavian literary paper^ published semi-monthly. A monthly of this name was published from 1871 to 1881. It was devoted to the interests of juveniles.
Union, 1867*1868: Published under the auspices of the Chicago Typographical Union No. 16. The paper was started because of a dispute the union printers had with W. F. Storey of the Times.
Union, 1855-1876: A German Democratic paper^ issued daily and weekly. In 186t) it was called Wcstliche Unter- haltungs-Blatter ; in 1876^ tlie Belletristiche Zeitung, The weekly is mentioned in 187^ and 1873. Frederick Becker and Schlaeger were proprietors in 1861; Becker was sole
proprietor^ 1862-1863. In 1861 Edward Roesch was ed- itor. F. Becker was publisher in that year and continued so until 1870. Bcllingliausen & Co., editors and publishers. Hermann Lieb was editor and publisher^ 1873-1876.
Union Agriculturist and Western Prairie Farmer, 1811-1843: Established by the Union Agricultural Soci- ety^ edited by the corresponding secretary^ John S. Wright. The title was changed to Prairie Farmer in 1843.
Union Park Advocate, 1870-1877: A w^eekly publica- tion. C. E. Crandall^ editor and publisher.
Union Park Banner, 1870-1880: An advertising sheet published by E, M. Turner & Co. D. S. Crandall was pro- prietor in 1876^ and Turner and Lloyd owned the paper in 1880.
United States Medical and Surgical Journal, 1865- 1874: A homoeopathic journal^ published by C. S. Halsey, under the editorial supervision of Dr. George E. Shijiman. After the completion of nine volumes it was merged with the Medical Investigator^ and became the United States Medical Investigator.
MisictiiuntcnB Publtrattnna 215
United States Medical Investigator, 1875-1893: Semi-monthly. Dr. T. G. Duncan editor and publisher, 1875; Dr. T. C. Duncan editor, and F. Duncan manager, 1876; Dr. T. C. Duncan editor, and Duncan Brothers, pub- hshers, 1877-1880. Dr. W. E. Reed became editor in 1889, and was succeeded in January, 1891, by Dr. Charles H. Evans. Suspended in 1893.
United States Review, 1864-1876: Issued semi- monthlv and devoted to insurance. R. R. Deardon was publisher in 1875, and editor and publisher in 1876.
Unity, 1878-1912: Devoted to the interests of the Unitarian church. At first issued monthly, it became semi- monthly in 1879, and weekly in 1885. In 1878 it was managed and edited by a committee of five: Rev. Robert Collyer, Rev. J. Lloyd Jones, Rev. W. C. Gannett, Rev.
C. W. Wendte, Rev. J. C. Leonard; Miss Frances L. Rob- erts was business agent. Rev. H. M. Simmons became managing editor in 1879. In 1881 Rev. J. L. Jones became editor. From 1881 to 1885 Unity was Published by the Colgrove Book Co.; from 1886 to 1893 by Charles H. Kerr; from 1893 to date by the Unity Publishing Co. Kerr became office editor in 1886, with Jenkin Lloyd Jones,
D. N. Utter and J. V. Blake, editors. Jenkin Lloyd Jones at present is the editor.
Verdens Gang, 1878-1912: A Norwegian - Danish weekly paper. In 1880 Nels Sampson & Co. were editors and pliblishers. The Verdens Gang Co., publishers.
Voice of Masonry, January, 1863-1883: Monthly, de- voted to Masonry. Robert Morris and J. Adams Allen were its first editors. J. C. W. Bailey was editor and publisher until 1873. In 1875 A. C. Mackey was editor; in 1880 J. W. Brown became editor.
VoLANTE, 1872-1881: A monthly collegiate publica- tion. The students of the old Chicago University were editors and publishers.
Volksfreund, 184'5-1848: The pioneer German paper of Chicago. Edited by Robert B. Hoeffgen.
216 iHtBrpUattroua fttblw^a^^iJWJS
VoLKSFREUND, 1878-1880: Published daily and Sun- day. The Volksfreund Publishing Co. were editors and publishers in 1880. Edward Rummel was managing editor in 1879.
Volks-Zeitung^ 1 874-1 876 : A socialist paper estab- lished by a stock company called Social Democratic Print- ing Association. The paper was sold to C. Conzett in 1876 and was used in establishing the Arbeiter-Zeitung.
VoRBOTE, 1 871-1907 : Established as a workingman's socialist organ^ with Conrad Conzett as editor. The suc- cess of the venture led in 1876 to the purchase of Volks- Zeitung and the establishing of the Chicagoer Arbeiter- Zeitung, j^ublished three times a week. P. Grottkau was editor in 1879, and in that year the paper was taken over by the Socialistic Publishing Society. August Spies and Michel Schwab became editors in 1880, and were con- demned for participation in the Haymarket bomb-throwing in 1886. Spies was executed and Schwab was sentenced to prison for life, afterward being pardoned by Governor Altgeld,
Vox Humana, 1873-1879: A monthly, devoted to music. Charles Barnard vvas editor and George Woods & Co. were publishers, 1874-1876. In 1879 Louis C. Elson was editor^ and Woods & Co., publisliers.
Washingtoniax, 1876-1893: A temperance monthly, edited by Daniel Wilkins and published by the Wash- ingtonian Home Association.
Watchman^ 1875-1886: A semi-monthly publication, devoted to the interests of the Y. M. C. A. It was a monthly in 1876, and edited and published by the Y. M. C. A. W. W. Van Arsdale was editor and publisher, 1877-1879. In 1880 W. W. Van Arsdale was editor, and F. H. Revell publisher.
Watchman of the Prairies^ 1847-1853: First Baptist paper printed in Chicago. Edited by Rev. Luther Stone and published by Messrs. Walker and Worrall^ of the
MxBttiiantonB Publirattnitja 217
Western Herald. In 1849 Wight and Bross became its publishers. In 1853 Mr. Stone sold the paper to Dr. J. C. Burroughs, Levi D. Boone and A. D. Titsworth.
Watchmaker and Metal Worker, 1874-1881: Estab- lished as a monthly. In 1879 it was bi-monthl}^; then
monthly in 1880. John H. Mather was editor and pub- lisher, 1879-1880.
Watchmakers' Magazine, 1872-1873: Monthly. Ed- ited by E. R. P. Shurley and published by the Horological Association.
Weekly Express, 1852-1853: Conducted by J. F. Bal- lantyne & Co. Continued to issue for about one year.
Weekly Tribune, 1840-1841: Published by Charles N. Holcomb & Co., with E. G. Ryan as editor. In 1841 it was sold to Elisha Starr of Milwaukee, and the Mil- waukee Journal was its successor.
Wells' Commercial Express and Western Produce Reporter, 1857-1871: Joel Henry Wells was editor and publisher until 1866; Wells and Vittum, 1866-1868. At first weekly, then weekly and monthly. A daily edition called Morning Bulletin was published from 1857 to 1859. After 1861 there was a daily edition called the Commer- cial Express. Never revived after the fire of 1871.
West Chicago, 1870-1875: Weekly. The West Chi- cago Company were editors and publishers in 1875.
West End Advocate, 1870-1881: A weekly, devoted to the business of West Division. Charles E. Crandall was editor and publisher, 1878-1880.
Westen, 1874-1909: An Independent German weekly paper; the Sunday edition of the Illinois Staats-Zeitung. It was listed as the Westen und Daheim in 1907. Hermann Raster was editor, 1874-1875. The Illinois Staats-Zeitung Company, publishers until the paper was taken over by Michaelis and Brand, in 1909.
Western Book Seller, 1868-1870: A monthly devoted
218 MxBttiianBonB T^nbiimtuinB
to the interests of booksellers and publishers. The West- ern News Company were editors and publishers, 1868-1870.
Western Brewer and Journal of the Barley, Hop, AND Malt Trades, 1876-1907: A monthly devoted to brewings malting^ l^^P:? ^iid kindred trades. It was estab- lished by J. M. Wing and H. S. Rich^ under the firm name of J. M. Wing & Co. H. S. Rich became sole owner in 1887. The company was incorporated in 11)03 as H. S. Rich & Co.^ who are still the editors and publishers. In 1907 the name was changed to Western Brewer.
Western British American: Founded in 1888^ by the British American Co,, George Sutherland^ managing di- rector. In 1881 the Canadian American was started in Minneapolis^ Minn.^ by Jaffray Bros.^ who later removed the pa})er to Chicago^ wliere it was merged with the West- ern British American in 1897^, Jameson & Sutherland^ pub- lishers. Upon tlie demise of Mr. Jameson in 1906 George Sutherland became the sole owner. Much space is devoted to subjects of interest to British American readers. Sub- scription price, $1.50 per year. Publication office. No. 542 South Dearborn street. The Western Britisli American has readers in all the principal cities of Great Britain and also circulates widely in the states of the North American continent.
Western Catholic, 1868-1881: Issued weekly and de- voted to Catholic interests. Barry & Co. were publishers in 1870; Dee & Co., publishers in 1873. The Western Catliolic Publishing and Printing Co. were proprietors in 1874-1875. Cornelius J. Coffey & Co. were publishers and proprietors, and J. R. Coffey was manager, 1876- 1 880. Later records show that the publication is now conducted in connection with the Columbian.
Western Citizen, 1842-1855: A temperance and anti- slavery paper edited by Zebina Eastman and Asa B. Brown, 1842-1845; Eastman and Davidson, 1845-1849; Eastman and McClellan, 1849-1852; Eastman, with Hooper Warren as associate, 1852-1853. This was the
MiBttiiuntottB J^ubUrattottH 219
organ of the Liberty Party in Illinois^ and successor to the Genius of Liberty.
Western Clothing, Furnishing, and Hat Reporter,
1879-1881 : Monthly^ devoted to commercial interests. Charles H. Moore was editor and publisher in 1880.
Western College Magazine, 1870-1906: A monthly^ devoted to inter-collegiate interests. In 1906 the name was changed to the American Educational Review.
Western Druggist, 1879-1912: Established in 1879. Devoted to all branches of the druggists' trade. Published by G. P. Engelhard & Co.^ No. 537 South Dearborn street^ Chicago. Subscription price^ $1.00 per year. The Western Druggist is one of the oldest publications in its particular field in the country, and its circulation is said to be the largest of any devoted to the special subject which it covers. In 1885 the Western Druggist absorbed the Pharmacist.
Western Educational Journal, 1879-1881: A monthly educational journal. J. Fred Waggoner^ editor and pub- lisher.
Western Enterprise, 1856-1857 : An agricultural Aveekly ; merged in the Prairie Farmer. Edited by E.
Porter Little.
Western Farm Journal, 1855-1877: Devoted to ag- riculture. In 1875 Dr. G. Sprague was editor; G. Sprague^ F. R. Sprague^ and D. J. Walker were publishers; and F. R. Sprague was manager.
Western Farmer, 1818-1869: A weekly agricultural paper. W. B. Davis w^as editor and publisher.
Western Herald, 1816-1847: A weekly anti-slavery^ anti-masonic^ temperance paper^ and advocate of the So- ciety of Friends^ edited by Rev. J. B. Walker and B. F. Worrall.
Western Home^ 1874-1875: Devoted to literature and domestic science. A. Chisholm^ editor and publisher.
t ^
220 MiBttiinntanB fubltrattona
Western Journal of Education^ 1873-1876: An edu- cational paper^ issued monthly. John W. Brown was editor and publisher in 1876.
Western Journal of Music, 1856-1857: Semi-monthly. Edited by William H. Currie^ and published by R. G.
Greene.
Western Magazine, 1815-1816: The first literary ^mag- azine published in Chicago. Rounseville & Co.^ publishers.
Western Magazine, 1870-1882: Founded in Omaha, Neb.^ in 1876. \Mien removed to Chicago Mrs. Helen Ekin Starrett was the editor. Consolidated with the Al- liance in 1882, both ventures suspending publication in 1884.
Western Manufacturer^ 1871-1882 : A mechanical
publication issued monthly. Fox and Company were ed- itors and publishers in 1875; Fox and Coyne in 1876; Coyne and Gilmore in 1877; Coyne and Company in 1877- 1882.
Western Merchants^ Price Current and Manufac- turers' Record, 1866-1870: A weekly commercial paper. Edited and published by John C. W. Bailey.
Western Monthly, 1860-1870: Established by H. V. Reed. F. F* Browne became interested in the publica- tion and changed its name in 1870 to the Lakeside Monthly. In 187-1 the magazine suspended.
Western Odd Fellow^ 1370-1871: A consolidation of three fraternal periodicals^ devoted to Oddfellowship. J. Ward Ellis^ prominent in the order^ was the editor at the time of suspending in 1871.
Western Paper Trade, 1875-1912: Published monthly in the interest of the paper trade mills. Union Bag Co._, publishers. In 1881^ J. Fred Waggoner took the paper and has continued its publication.
Western Photographic News^ 1874-1876: Edited and published by C. W. Stevens.
MxBt tiiunt onB Jpttbltratiotta 221
Western Postal Record, 1868-1881: A monthly de- voted to postal interests. J. S. Elwell was editor^ and the Western Record Printing Co. were publishers^ 1872- 1874. P. C. Russell was editor and publisher, 1875-1881.
Western Rural, 1863-1883: An agricultural paper.
H. N. F. Lewis was editor and publisher, 1863-1869. In
1870 F. H. Glenn, Chicago, and Edward Mason, Detroit, were associate editors. In 1873 it was listed as Western Rural and Family Weekly Paper. On September 22, 1883, it became Western Rural and American Stockman.
Western Shoe and Leather Review, 1877-1881. A commercial weekly. C. E. Rollins was manager, 1878- 1879, Yeager and McDermott were publishers, 1879-1880; C. H. McDermott was editor, 1880; later the Western Shoe and Leather Review Company were editors and publishers.
Western Tablet, February 7, 1852-1855: A Catholic literary periodical published by Daniel O'Hara; later merged with other publications.
Western Temperance Advocate, August 4, 1865, to date (1868): Established as the official organ of the Sons of Temperance, it was larger in its ambition and scope than that fact indicates. Rev. J. C. Stoughton was editor until January 30, 1868, when the usual lack of funds caused a new arrangement, whereby T. M. Van Court became publisher, soon after which the paper was sus- pended.
Western Trade Journal, 1875: Issued weekly and devoted to commercial, financial, and mining interests. Henry Clay Brace was sole editor and proprietor until 1891, when he sold to Jay Smith. Smith sold the paper, in 1895, to Fremont Arford, who was editor, publisher, and proprietor from 1895.
Western Undertaker, 1879-1912: A monthly devoted to undertaking, embalming, and kindred subjects. Pub- lished by the F. H. Hill Co, until it was purchased by H. S.
222
iltfirrUanpouH JubUratifltta
Fassett, who has been editor and publisher since March, 1897.
Western
Un
fir
R, 1896-1912: Issued weekly ii Published bv the Western Under change. C. ]\L Cartwriglit^ man
Co.^ Insurance Exchange, editor: Wm. S. Crawford and J. F, Wohlsem
d
bscri})tion ])rice, $
Westliciie Unterhaltungs Blatter, 1866-1876:
A
German Democratic paper^ published weekly — the Sun- day edition of the Union. Frederick Becker was pub- lisher in 1860; Herman Lieb was editor and publisher^ 1873-1876.
Who's Who in America: BiojiraDhical bi-annual, issued
by A
& C
Oriffinallv installed
ppl
ment to leading daily papers in 18t)0^ the idea developed
and now has been amplified to the extent of embracing more than 2^500 closely printed pages^ collated and edited by a corps of trained biogra})hical writers. Adopted as an authoritative work of reference by the federal go^ as well as the important libraries and principal nei with another in course of j)reparati()n. Used as a i
ernment
text book
in schools^ academies^ colleges and universities, of the country. Seven editions have been issued since 1899, Supervised and published by A, N. ]\Iarquis & Co.
AViLD Edgertox's Weekly Evergreen, 1876-1877: A
weekly series of poems issued in pamphlet form^ each bear- ing a serial number. By Brock L. McVickar. Fifty-two numbers were issued^ toward the last in groups of four
or
fi
ve.
Witness, 1878-1881 : An evangelical iveekly.
Rev.
Thomas J. Lamont was editor and publisher^ 1879-1880.
Words of Life, 1 876-1 880 : A monthly edited and published by Fleming H. Revell, 1876-1880.
Workers^ Lamp, 1873 to date (1877) : A monthly^ devoted to mechanical interests. The Workers' Lamp Co.
MxBCtiinntauB puhltrattona 223
were editors and publishers, 1874-1876. C. G. Smith is mentioned as a publisher in 1875.
WoRKiNGMEN^s Advocate, 1864--1879: Established by Jolin Blake and James Hayde, members of Chicago Typo- graphical Union No. 16, in furtherance of the cause of organized labor and as an exponent of anti-monopoly ideas. The paper became the official organ of many of the labor unions of the city and during the eight-hour agitation of the later 60's the Advocate exerted considerable influence in favor of the shorter workday now generally adopted in the skilled trades. Andrew C. Cameron was the editor and publisher from 1869-1879.
World Chronicle, 1901-1912: Issued weekly by the Little Chronicle Co., Pontiac Building. Devoted to science, invention and discovery, in their relation to education. Wm. E. Watt, editor; Chas. A. Underwood, manager. Subscrip- tion price, $1.50 per year. A publication named Little Chronicle was merged with the World Chronicle.
World Magazine, 1870-1884: An illustrated magazine devoted to society and drama, containing stories, sketches, poems, and humorous articles. The Chicago World Pub- lishing Co., publishers in 1883-1884.
Young America, 1854: A Democratic daily and weekly paper edited by J. W. Patterson, published by Cook, Cameron, and Patterson. Was short lived.
Young Folks' Monthly, 1870-1883: An illustrated juvenile paper. H. N. F. Lewis was editor and publisher in 1875-1876. In 1876 Gerrit L. Hoodless was proprietor. Mrs. Annie R. White was editor, and Milton George, pub- lisher, 1878-1880.
Young Folks* Rural, 1870-1883: A juvenile paper, issued monthly. H. N. F. Lewis, editor and publisher, 1871-1878. J. D. Tallmadge was editor and publisher, 1879-1883.
Young Messenger, 1871-1872: Issued monthly. Wal- ter T. D wight was editor and publisher in 1871. It was
'- /
4
I /
224 iEtfirrllatt^nua J^ubliratuma
i
I
T
consolidated with the Wolverine Messenger of Detroit^ v
Michigan. V
YouTH^s Cabinet^ 1871-1872: An amateur monthly |
''devoted entirely to the interests of the American boy and girl/' John L. Whelan_, editor^ and published by Whelan Brothers.
YouTH^s Gazette^ 1843: Edited by Kiler K. Jones. It was ''devoted expressly to the interests of the youth of the west." Eight numbers were issued^ weekly.
Youth's Western Banner, 1 853 : A short - lived monthly juvenile publication devoted to temperance^ mor- ality and religion. Edited and published by Isaac C. Smith & Co.
Zeitgeist, 1 857-1858 : German. Edited by Ernest Georders and published by Charles Hess.
ZioNs Vakt^ 1873: Organ of the Swedish Baptist Church; published by Dr. J. A. Edgren. Short lived.
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