€ 6¢SS1720 LOLI € IMEI 3037109 S1VGNIuS Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from University of Toronto http://www.archive.org/details/stratigraphyofpedOhind th a phe (Ar Cn aa Oty v7 ne (aoe MISSOURI BUREAU OF GEOLOGY AND MINES ROLLA, MO. H. A. BUEHLER, Director and State Geologist VOL. XIII], SECOND SERIES The Stratigraphy of the Pennsylvanian Series in Missouri BY HENRY HINDS and F. C. GREENE WITH A Chapter on Invertebrate Paleontology BY G. H. GIRTY Surveyed in Co-operation with the United States Geological Survey 1915 THE HUGH STEPHENS PRINTING COMPANY JEFFERSON CITY, MO. BOARD OF MANAGERS. His Excellency, Elliott W. Major, Governor of Missouri, ex officio President of the Board............ Jefferson City Elias) Ss Gatch Nice-bresidenii- ei. a eee ee St. Louis Major Clark Craycroft, Secretary........:........«.) eigen Philips Na Mloores ie ee ee eee keke eee *... Stages Edward M. Shepard, Sc. D.........5..5..¢h. 50a: ©. ODED (ii) CONTENTS. PAGE BOVAIRNID, OF MUAINUNGCHOTRS 5 oo Gocco boDoN COD DUS CUO OO Uo DOO ODOoCoaSG ii (CONMTBINGINS 65.5 6 a.g10 6 6 sodialo G 6.6-cio.c Co he eo DO Secror>)o CE RCREAS oaberact Cece ONC SC aCHOROsT, iii TIL IOUS SPRUAIMONS co ngooodadooounsotocouoccoUCoODO oC oUoo™ oO Gbd.E Goold viii TLR, OM GRAIN SIMONI a9 oo como dono cop boo dbo ab OOo OUCH OOdeD x AL CTEIN © VNU TID CAYMAN ANS ho An ene oro boo Uo c,d wc dino bo Een ominn od ols bieae xiii CHAPTER I. THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES IN MISSOURI................. 1 eceiTeiM pine! Man KOMIENNEO, oc ooocccoeOeene GoOouDUdo oe on dOcOUoODUOoUS 1 General ROTO. 4.556 GH oo do mos ase opoodOOTOeoMN ono od oonEND CUMS 1 Titel. 4560 c00 7d oc DORSoD EOD Do cUDoEOOD dono eoeoN eon COUDOOE Z IRGUGK. ga aes acono co oseoKoa en do PU OOO C00 COO OO Aorta moor Gee 2 IDTENINEVSG5-5 o Sooo bce ono OR eee AOD OOOUCoOOU US CUM nOODdo odo 3 PAG Sia ferenolan(e Glhyyaisi(onatsin Go GG oc oncosdo Doon nd onooDooueo sooo DOODE OSS 4 IPA Soy AEE ae Gravsyoyfs: Ope fAeEKNNONILS 4 6 og mloo pO ono ra nooo moeoneuooo5 {55 Generalidescnip tion Ob iSCLles alee tele ens csisis etelin i= seiele) © =i) ire) «el = eee 2) oe olo 5 TiNCMEHTSs 6 no Gadonbc OhoceusonoucoCOr Opodo von oto oon oon 5 SiloelhnGOmss haSoeoopor ous Coon bo UNO Oooo cComdOdbDODoboCod 6 IUTIAOIGEAYS Bove Gas ooo. 6 ooo ccna 06 0 CE OO OID GUD Diceo OOO ORO OO 8 IPRS TIOWS THC a AG socio oo SoM Oop ooD Ono OUU UE EDOM OnO DU GD mo dopo Ge 10 IN CHICO: oat opeoredeoe ade cee ODLUo Dot OD OO PbO CON ono IE 13 Witt OMeES Vist CLUSy Ole ST OUP IT Pye arle e siniiniie elie sel cists) ie.) = leustieye sacs (eee ere 13 INAIMesrandsthein prOMer AP PIUIGATLON «<). nie = ole = taia el sieis viel eles © © 15 Gomerail ieOUNGMti. pease nagoooonooeAdaons onooneoo no cen 15 IDF: MTOM! ERO. sa oncocoteg pondoUU uC dE Soo OotoonoooN 16 IG Herolke ous tiall Seer cesta rey ese sks coon ro Noy sees cr etewee at ois eG ID SHAAN 4 5 Bo. 6b O06 God Bowe Con thts IO EiC a otro an 16 EVenrichiastormablOMe nye) ters leet ienelo eli - = Be sree 19 ID GHIA TOM 5 .c.5 codon Onno ObDoUaRte coe eRe ooUC Ot SO 19 Members of the Henrietta formation............. 20 Fort Scott limestone member............... 20 abette:shalesmemibers. .-s:ere seis sisi sieie 2 ohecs 21 Pawnee limestone member..................» 21 IPIcpeysehahieral iopmaaeyier- ooo peo oncapo one SbaoouDoUccEUCds 21 Me) STUNT DL OTA Sy enrch aia esr sehera eee eae te: syeiens: sustetanesat>itesvela ts ay oiisters 21 IMEEM PrOWIOw Ads oosee hermano phan wolcapocococomoorSoe 22 KMamsdcn Cit yetOLMaiOMm pe ctetsices iss ce eters ote © areas ence 23 IDCs goeancnogamouKOgNe aun esac sooDNoDG 23 Members .of the Kansas City formation.......... 23 Elertha limestone member. 2. a - =. ee se = = = 23 Madorecwshalesnvenup errr te. pete sina) fe) cies eyelets 25 Bethany Falls limestone member............ 25 Galesburg shale member.........--......-+. 26 Winterset limestone member............... 26 Cherryvale shale member................... 26 Drum! limestone»member. 2 -. -.---------- . 26 Chaniitbeshale mre nt pervert street eieien-t= se. ale 27 Iola limestone member..... DeHocr ooebaooods 28 IDRAME Sayre RoMAI OS Sao no aos oGacongecc ones cecenonood 28 IDG Cae sn aAdcovassqoseocuacunboe conde e >oaeDO 28 Members of the Lansing formation.............. 28 Mancrshalepmenuper aremen ets sietete isn dater- ested delat shar 28 Plattsburg limestone member............... “29 Wala sesh aleentert De litetatasetsteltstetet-tararsterstanctaiat siete 29 Stanton limestone member, .,,.,-e-.sseeeee 29 (ii) iv TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE Dougan COMMON Koes wie ataun ae misten els! olyle pislvinte sie ofp slsinipie 30 DeOfiNition<)5, .ccteks era, e wate ehegachss ate alan, saxeuare ete, estonia 30 Members of the Douglas formation............... 30 Weston shale member......----eeseecrses we 30 Iatan limestone member.........++++---c+-s 30 Lawrence fhale member. ..*...-.....-+..2+e0. 31 Oread. limestone member... ..-..020..seecies 31 Shawnee formation...........- RI CiRIO aeehchbic Ch choren bic Or 31 DOEhNITION). eye tetarae <1) ere Woooos Desa) aye Gav aos GheteL apes ada 31 Members of the Shawnee formation.............- 32 Kanwalka shale member. ov oc = > ie eretieieletenens 32 Lecompton limestone member............... 32 Tecumseh shale member.........-.----+--.-- 32 Deer Creek limestone member.............-- 32 Calhoun shale member... ...6- sew eene os ms 33 Topeka limestone member..........-..-.+-- 33 Severy shale Member... sje alate ie eeienetep ee ee 33 Howard limestone member...............++- 33 Scranton shale member. ............-eseese6 33 Wabatnsee, formation. os s1..cre spars co iale! siete sieletnl eds unite 34 ID\ilithielen + gong socom do DOC AUONO Ne Ee tr 20 foe 34 Subdivisions. 7.0.22... .» MOCK totes SoS 34 Tarkio limestone member. ..~..-...5 1255-00 34 Undifferentiated beds... .......-5 essen enews 35 CHAPTER II. DES MOINES GROUP........ SIO OIG Cite RO CrE AI OmS E or M 36 General features........2++2eee onoconsdoecopouns gadcomaoedoOuE (GEYSE COGAN Sie titolo tol NaG GOO ITU CTU ORCI ER ECO Cente Johnson: County.............. EooocanHecceuobcac IUDENER EU (Chowan gs sob acodoodonodon Oo Os On OAUDS Ray andu@arnollicounticserne eee enema cee enter Charitonm Oumbyaretecreuciersiefereteiehensieietertie. eavsceue are eee Tivinesstome © OU typevenanenscoheieieeNcrene cisylelonsice cycle sict sae els ibaa, (Cores ay coc Oooo Ondo 0-orOn cd Ons.o cp iota Wile yoforn, CKOWANIN co 5b Go Ooo ONO CODOS DC UOO OD edOdEOOdS SullivaniandwAdaim COUMPtIES\s «oleic sicie ciecle «see = IPUiAe En Chorlininys cog oonconngeuoddno odode buodgoS Soupheasterneouniecsmaeieor-neousnersi stirs terete cioreier ipMoOloSicrChanaCle termi -iarchet sha caenssokclicheresicl pene teuckeiei= ne Wail 5oqoadopoanosooedunadonedonoouebuoduMneS TREPONNEY WEIENMOR 5 so g.o0 ou ao ouCo dH OO OO Re DOD en doe IB abesuG Om tyes ws rakeden-eeitne ya laro nosy custo) sevens eave hallo shes Johnson, Cass, and Jackson counties............. MatayectuonC OUnbYiewancse wer cit eleisnralieneteu Ware cucu sPelcuelare ve EUV OLIN Varn eoemaraneneys nol wethcrauslicusnen-y mice enacts iencieasrenes Carroll Oumnibysereteweloreneer se xaheyereneesseiedseercie cree oie isia miei Cri El CoOwamnyono pooono onl oe oboob oa cooonaee Mivines hom OUMtrygen sie cyiey cite leaciceeckepa te ueton vere sue iselte ve Ip laial COTA hg aio cn wiaGso Do. elo. mere 6 bio mdb midho o.eu0/6 CiEee Ciewinly CoOvlinres So odeosbcoe OcoodnoouAons+eddca Sulla, COvtetnyis oo oc noob Oooo oOo OOo door OOM Putnam, Schuyler, and Adair counties........... Harrison and Wiercer CouUMmbtlesia. =.= 7-1. = er oe LOW AT is © OM yaeyerneneden sue ehale seks sce dss Gg els) oi s:.cticis sss eye rats Pilathesands Clava coumilesyu--laetaisert-yelicieue <-) lerete Buchanan and Clinton counties................. Other northwestern counties!) .- 22.2.0. s6e eee es CHAPTER III. CHANNEL SANDSTONE DEPOSITS. The channel deposits known as the Warrensburg and Moberly sand- MOM, csoo0occaocodeoonoAoMooO De coeooneNaooacened nood Ghana crenisticsrandede eryersts veces vse roreus tensa <2 )-c ave sylacshend ueveiteeve ocece PNOUWiALLensbuUre SANG StONE!.s con lep elects eo iste ed cle eccyeleiee) «allele tes omes rE hewVMiGOberhyesSangd StOMeleriehs sle cyeneke sie one takers seus ous chs sleusce Sevete veces Ophermchanneledeposutsrayet-tersteie ty srsieeseeRhcwenciey uemetieielietie) = TANS PSNaALS ASMA SL eres i) see sncuchsl ene ere iistellsienstel = tanetete Plattsburg limestone member... . Vilas shale member............. Stanton limestone member. . oe << cc's wes es wie lsrelsiers Regional variation and detailed sections. ............. DACKBOM GOWUDTY cc, < aeseren= oles scl erst Clay and Platte counties........ Isc OL hho A Ono GoM code Todo DOCU Sal oso Buchanan County a. <.0.5 5.0 sis once sie auc) ecerateata eee Clinton’ Gounty = 325, = sins =e eee Galdwell Gounty7. {5 oc) ssc aisles Holt and Andrew counties....... De Kalb County...... Beha osc Oy.c Dayiess, Countyrc 2 2 = aeciteheun steer Atchison and Nodaway counties. . WVOLth: ‘GOURD Yc in re ciel ceete cient teaerne Gentry County o.. occce ueneetate Efarrison County> . .. 56 dnoccoanvoogneHdoGKOnoesoaHaoouE 202 ID Ehie) oe Sines COMMONS, Go ogcnngsecnunoanoonoDOUe 202 JNGGUMEVCR OL iibiCqinvars COmunoebdss 56 oo oad ouaae os esoaoosG 203 Interpretation of the structure maps................. 203 Structure of the Pennsylvanian series in Missouri.................. 204 ID)iioy Buavel Gwin ors cs So sande anog COOMA OOOO Compre o oot tem HO. 204 DE OU GULEN cepa opie ete pre Renee rok cess teres POR SW sew al sy opistisccatehe cae eames neds edeteenas eo neiairalas 204 INNO TY WHACIMENHICINES 5 po otanncccooucgeDoucdodndemuanass 205 Small areas of marked folding and faulting........... 205 MOTE Chat Ol CG Sremeymamcmet cack staked arise Roaeb seen ences oe Se a meee eee ects netieh 206 eS OMIMNUUIUC sears reiren ener si heen eusiel al eer trac sue leustoustioncestey cusne, cASToeRMe dvs) ata essos & Gyetal eek 206 Altitude of the base of the Pennsylvanian rocks................... 206 i CHAPTER VI. {ETE OHE © Gh SOE Ss OMEN Ves seen ct Asc Men ccc pab tel cable Geiiegsucitonsy os cdisieheeio a} easy saves, clan ackedces 208 Interval preceding Pennsylvanian sedimentation.................. 208 HMaLkyabLansPLCSSlOMSLOteb Me SCacis cise ciekevsisveskeus = ciewsrsos) cuseususie)s) suayranets 209 Sedimentation during Des Moines epoch.....................-... PALL SCliraneranirennionay Clvaerwayes IMU Owes COO, 54 5555p ove sons does euboaoND 212 HP TOIL LOS yee neved atone a ss -nene tintin eficta aemcaees ehaiet sinus htene .speyetsasicoaue; eve yshex es 213 CHAPTER VII. NOTES ON THE FOSSIL FLORAS OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN IN MISSOURI, by David White...... Species BS oa cle we tones 256 CHAPTER VIII. INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY, by G. H. Girty............. 263 CHAPTER Ix. ISIS WNOICNRMIEIBING «5 Go ooo ocooddHe ob.og6-41b OOO tODO CONDO. 010.0 OOS can. clOrs 377 Vi. VII. VIII. Ix. XIII. XIV. VI. Pa > ee ILLUSTRATIONS. Cross-sections from Leavenworth to Brunswick and from Connelsville to Columbia.......... PO cwocormdo zoos 5 Cross-sections from west to east in north Missouri....... Cross-sections from Kansas City to near Windsor and from Pleasanton, Kans., to Monegaw Springs, Mo.......... Coal pocket at Monarch strip pit, Moniteau County..... Near view of same, showing pre-Pennsylvanian rocks on 1g fd Apes ho ooo So ac05 HO SOOO SOD SmAfo pono asso. : Sie Upper and lower limestones of Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation at type locality, Fort Scott, Weams ee iree wis hel <.e) sla walle lo tele!a\elstetaleln t= a1 =4 alate lat sls The ‘‘diamond-rock”’ near Eve, Vernon County, showing typical Jom Eines recta 3 rere cis tevelet aban tale) sie} elite tie teeene Faulting in lower part of Cherokee shale, drainage ditch 2 miles south of Prairie City, Bates County........... Small anticline in same locality.............2.ccee-ees : Limestone beneath horizon of Lexington coal near Alpha, Grundy? County... <<< sie nlelele TACO OO mecre one Wreathered. ©xpOSULC je: oa. ac) «\ 0) s\n whole jefels ein mieten) wl sinayelntale = 5 Fresh €xposure. 2.2. <<<. <0 SH os2 505 SS Sb aoe alae Horizon of Summit coal and limestone cap-rock on Medi- cine Creek, southern Grundy County...............+. Horizon of Mulky coal and limestone cap-rock on Shoal Creek, Putnam County........... I oe. orn X Lexington coal bed and overlying limestones, Lakeview, Raye Gounty. acim cite = isn) = nocsusse Shale, wieadnetatet olateiavanetate Part of Henrietta formation near Kirksville, Adair Gounty:s.. ©... Bho telenehs shade eicvelfone somes kere aijaye edi einmae setae aie Sandstone of Pleasanton formation at Big Bluff, near Tren- ton, Grundy County........ A SO eS Warrensburg sandstone near Warrensburg..... Sekar etstetete - Exposure at Woodland Mills, Linn County............. “Rock Mound’’ near Hume, capped by Hertha limestone member of Kansas City formation..............e+e+0 = Escarpment of Kansas City formation at Amsterdam.. Raytown and Cement City limestone beds of Chanute shale at Kansas City (Wheeler)............- a sie: dieletere Winterset limestone, Cherryvale shale, and Drum limestone members of Kansas City formation in railroad cut east of Jamesport...... PPE I aS 5 hotels sata Nearer view of Cherryvale shale and Drum limestone at Same: places .\. © onisls eaves ariilo 6.0 elwlm: # eae elecy ieee ae Bethany Falls limestone member of Kansas City forma- tion at type locality near Bethany. ..........+.++-+++> Bethany Falls limestone in quarry 3 miles south of Prince- COM oso: cic e0'we whe Wb) mete GW wie <)uleleywint piv oie) ets ies his ela’ oP ci Hertha limestone, Ladore shale, and Bethany Falls lime- stone members of Kansas City formation in railroad cut 1 mile south of Princeton. ......cceeecce neces sscenes Bethany Falls limestone, Galesburg shale, and Winterset limestone members of Kansas City formationin quarry, 3 miles south of Princeton. .......ceeeeeeeneeererecves (viii) PAGE 12 12 12 41 44 46 52 54 69 83 105 120 i124 146 148 152 ILLUSTRATIONS. 1X PLATE PAGE XVII. A. Plattsburg limestone member of Lansing formation near Sraimnlligs oaacaacaoodekencouooaopuOO DMO dOOOUOOON 158 B. Stanton limestone member of Lansing formation (lower and main ledges) near Plattsburg........... on aooo0.00 XVIII. A. Channel conglomerate resting on Stanton limestone member of Lansing formation near Nashua........... 171 B. Channel conglomerate 1 mile north of East Leavenworth. XIX. == Bee! I aS 4Howece | Tip — =H, BUTLERY { iF | BARRY |STONE i : q t t ! ! Taney! ozar« ! [OREGON [RIPLEY Y 1 ! ! i ! [LEE os a yee aoe ie ae ary Fig. 1. Map of Missouri showing areal distribution of Pennsylvania series. Dense shading shows outcrop of Missouri group; light shading, outcrop of Des Moines group. 66094—1 The Stratigraphy of the Pennsylvanian Series in Missouri. By Henry Hinds and F. C. Greene. CHAPTER I. THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES IN MISSOURI. LOCATION AND IMPORTANCE. The main body of the Pennsylvanian series includes the highest consolidated rocks in about 24,000 square miles of northern and western Missouri (see fig. 1). In-addition there are a number of small outliers and pockets in central Missouri and on the Ozark plateau that are too small to be shown on the accompanying sketch map. This series is of great economic importance because of the deposits of coal, shale, clay, and stone that it contains, and it also presents many problems that are not lacking in scientific interest. GENERAL RELATIONS. The Carboniferous system of the United States is now commonly considered to consist of three series: the Mississippian at the base, the Pennsylvanian in the middle, and the Permian at the top. The Mississippian of Missouri contains a very large proportion of crystalline limestone, in strong lithologic contrast to the Pennsylvanian, in which shale is preponderate, sandstone is common, and the limestone is chiefly of the fine-grained type. The two series are separated by a wide-spread unconformity. The Permian series does not differ markedly from the Penn- sylvanian, but has not been found in Missouri. The Pennsylvanian series in Missouri is composed of about 1,900 feet of shale, sandstone, limestone, clay, and coal. It is the only formation containing commercially important coal beds and the youngest consolidated formation in the area in which it outcrops. It includes beds that are contemporaneous with the upper part of the Pottsville, the Allegheny, the Conemaugh, and the lower part of the Monongahela formations of the Appa- 1 eas, (1) 2 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. lachian region. In Missouri and adjacent portions of neigh- boring states the Pennsylvanian series is subdivided as in figure 2. The dominant structural feature of Missouri is the Ozark uplift in the southern part of the State. In the Ozarks the early Paleozoics lie at relatively higher levels than elsewhere and younger beds that may have formerly covered the region have been in greater part removed by erosion (see State geologic map in pocket). Strata dip away from the Ozarks to the west, north- west, and north, so that in those directions successively younger rocks appear at the surface. These dips are nowhere steep, but are greater near the Ozark border than at a distance from it. In the area occupied by the main body of the Pennsylvanian south of Missouri River the dip is very gently northwest; in north- western Missouri it is westerly, and in north-central Missouri strata lie nearly level when broadly considered, the horizontality being disturbed only by small cross anticlines from northwest to southeast. The small outliers of probable Pennsylvanian in the Ozarks lie on rocks of various ages, but chiefly on late Cambrian or early Ordovician. The main body of the Pennsylvanian in western and northern Missouri lies, so far as known, upon Mississippian rocks, except in a few places near the Ozark border. The Mississippian rocks upon which the Pennsylvanian rests range from St. Louis limestone in northeastern Missouri to limestone of Burlington age in the central and southwestern parts of the State. North of Missouri River the Pennsylvanian outcrops chiefly at intervals in the valleys or along partially buried escarpments of resistant rock, the series being largely concealed by a mantle of glacial drift, accompanied in places by wind- blown loess. TOPOGRAPHY. RELIEF. That portion of Missouri in which the main body of Penn- sylvanian rocks outcrops lies at a lower altitude and has less relief than any other portion of the State except the Southeast Lowlands—a part of the Gulf Coastal Plain. The Pennsyl- vanian area is lowest in the vicinity of St. Louis and highest in the district between Aurora and Springfield, though small outliers lie at still higher levels in the Ozark plateau. The surface of the area in which the Pennsylvanian is the highest consolidated formation ranges between 700 and 1,100 feet above the sea, rising from east to west. The highest altitudes are ! T in | TAICA4 SERIES CROUA, FORMATION ECTION pypgs| CHARACTER OF Kock | (eer) Shale ard sarradsiore OOF with Thity pers/sleny Wabhaunsee beads of /1t7EesTone Shale and sandslere wilh rear poers!sler7T =A G50-47-5\ Leds of /irmésiore ard Shawpree we Thin coal beds Sale and sardsio7e WwiTh Ihilt7 1177esTOEeS; 200-300, one-—JShe Cread al the Tq — E71 S1STEH1. Two orrmore Thin coa/ beds 72 o/aAcEs TAOS SIV Douglas Shale and sandsiore alih (hire 1117 esiores — two 17 Fhe wyoer half of the forrnavion BEING PErsISIE] Lansing NVPIN KA TASNN IA Litmesiore arid sha/se WwiTA a few Jh177 ard (er trevlar Leas of sorasiore Aransas City Shale and sandsiorre with ore oP Jwo tror7— persislteht /ipreslories onda few coa/ beds FPleasansror Limesiore stale aria sa7asTOI1IE UIT O18 OF two Thin coa/ beds Krenrlerla Shale ard sarrdslor7e With a few Thire I1mesiones 177 The wpper 100 Feet and arurnber of Coa/ beas. The upgoer part conlatys Thick sitr7esTonmes focally SINIOW S77 Oh erokee So Ss—es| os es Fig. 2. Generalized columnar section of the Pennsylvania series in Missouri. DRAINAGE. 3 attained in southern Jackson and northern Cass counties (maxi- mum 1,140 foot), on the divide in southern Clay and Platte counties (maximum 1,080 feet), on the divide between Platte and Grand rivers (maximum 1,100 feet) and on the divide be- tween Platte and Missouri rivers (maximum 1,100 feet). The greatest local relief is along the escarpment formed by the limestones at the base of the Kansas City formation and along Missouri River. At a point about midway between Iatan and Weston, in Platte County, the river bluff rises 340 feet above the flood-plain in one-eighth of a mile, but such notable relief is not known elsewhere in the Pennsylvanian area of the State. DRAINAGE. By far the greater part of the drainage of the Pennsyl- vanian area of the State is tributary to Missouri River, though a comparatively small area along the northeastern edge drains directly into the Mississippi. The principal streams south of Missouri River are the Osage and Blackwater which, in the Pennsylvanian area, have a general easterly direction, but the northeast and southeast flowing tributaries cause the outcrop of any particular formation to assume a dendritic form. The streams are, as a rule, wide-bottomed and with low bluffs where cutting through shale, but the valleys are slightly narrower and more steep-sided where there are one or more thick layers of limestone. Where the streams enter Mississippian rocks the valleys narrow and the meanders are deeply intrenched. North of the Missouri the principal tributaries are, from west to east, the Nishnabotna, Tarkio, Nodaway, Platte, Grand, and Chariton, most of them flowing in a general southerly direction. The existence of this. great number of south-flowing streams is probably due to the initial slope of the drift surface, as most of the streams of northern Missouri appear to be post- glacial. The flood-plains are wide and the bluffs low where the streams are cutting through drift, but the valleys are narrower and steeper where cut in indurated rocks. The change in the shape of the valleys where the streams flow from glacial material to indurated rocks is well shown on the two forks of Grand River north of Trenton and on the Chariton north of Connels- ville. In the discussion of the stratigraphy of northern Mis- sourl mention is more frequently made of outcrops on the south sides of streams than on the north sides. Steep bluffs on the south sides and gentle slopes on the north are characteristic of the valleys in this part of the State. Similar asymmetrical 4 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. valleys are also common in Iowa and other drift-covered regions and were attributed by Calvin to the disintegration and loosening of material on the south-facing slopes by frequent alternations of freezing and thawing during the winter months. PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS. Missouri contains four principal physiographic divisions that are more or less distinct: (1) the Drift Plains, (2) the Searped Plains, (3) the Ozark Region, and (4) the Southeast Lowlands (a part of the Gulf Coastal Plain).! These are shown in figure 3. The southern boundary of the Drift Plains is not definite. In this division the topographic forms, with few exceptions, are those produced by erosion of the nearly level surface of the Kansan drift sheet. East of Chariton River the upland is characterized by “tabular divides’ and west of that stream by hilly or rolling topography. The Scarped Plains consist of plains bounded by escarp- ments produced by erosion of Pennsylvanian strata of unequal resistance. The northern half of this division is overlain by glacial drift which only partially masks the terraced effect. In a few places this mantle of drift causes the Scarped Plains to blend with adjacent parts of the Drift Plains, but the boundary can usually be determined within a few miles. The Scarped Plains are subdivided into the Lathrop, Jamesport, Warrens- burg, and Nevada plains by the escarpments of the Plattsburg and Stanton, the Hertha, Bethany Falls, and Winterset, and the Fort Scott and Pawnee limestones. Other minor plains and escarpments occur both in the Scarped Plains and in adjoining areas, but these are not considered of sufficient importance to warrant special mention in a state-wide classification. South and east of the two main divisions just mentioned is the Ozark Region, occupying most of the south-central portion of the State. It is a region of higher altitude and older outerop- ping formations than the other physiographic divisions. Most of the streams flow through valleys with incised meanders. The Ozark Region is subdivided into the Springfield Plain and the Ozark Plateau. The surface of the Springfield Plain, as a whole, is smooth except near the larger streams and is upheld chiefly by Mississippian limestones. The Ozark Plateau is distinguished from the bordering plain by its greater dissection. Since there 1In this discussion Marbut’s terms used in ‘Physical features of Missouri,’’ Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 10, pp. 14-109, 1896, are adopted in part. Sad) 1 7 lworpat— iscoreanol r H I | re aaa Daway |— 1 1 ach ' ' f = t--H_ , " pee nox] ss 4 IL = Sets TANDREW | ? D KALB | sUiaeeeina ye mia PS | SR | SHELBY! BUCH, lcuinron | aerate ie % — MONRoc | = ee A 1 | RAL US puarre| CARROL I I { o\ , I 1 a a= ee 4 owarailiye aS £ es Seen eet sc ia i \ i a 7 \ =) LAU DRAIN | NO ae Te ¢ rn Y HOWARD i Rl EARS TE|SA nee) e iN cor R41 LINCOLN 4 t JACKSON! 7S q =e SI eos Pe, ENO wa Laer 1 COOPER, === 4 1 3 _| WARREN [ST CHARLES, \ CASS JOHNSON) 77,5 1X _/ : L) I (Monireau Uae se ea (= at Sed MEN RA ! See | | MORGAN. joarcs 1 { BENTON F pea ST CLALR <== SVEN een oy) a lo 4 Sage +H ieDart : : BARTON 7—~——4 ! pee ee al. ! fesse) the aay ed iq S| 1 - } mee O REE NE Noe = é Urey se + JASPER | LAWRENCE yea ay wi - i Fal i |tewron p= iestesras = | ! T= S=> Sa 7 j g F BARRY STONE) [coon DONALD } at 66094—4 > re Ba > “aia a . sons PHYSIOGRAPHIC EFFECTS OF GLACIATION. 5 are only very small patches of Pennsylvanian rocks on the Plateau, mention of minor features is not considered essential in this report. _The remaining main division, lying southeast of the Ozark Plateau, is the Southeast Lowlands, a part of the Gulf Coastal Plain. This area is one of low altitudes and very little relief. It is the only physiographic division in which there are no Pennsylvanian rocks. PHYSIOGRAPHIC EFFECTS OF GLACIATION. North of Missouri River, a few escarpments appear in the river counties, but over the greater part of northern Missouri the drift averages 50 feet thick in the south and 200 to 400 feet near the Iowa line, and effectually conceals preglacial features. The preglacial surface of north Missouri consisted of escarp- ments and structural plains much like those south of the river at the present time. These features are now largely obliterated by a drift mantle in the Drift Plains. The Hertha-Winterset escarpment, probably never completely eradicated, has been partially resurrected by the removal of drift by Grand River and its tributaries. Along Missouri River and the lower courses of its tributaries short escarpments formed by the Plattsburg and Stanton, Iatan, Oread, Deer Creek, and Tarkio limestones have been in part resurrected and in part accentuated by post- glacial erosion. The Jamesport and Lathrop platforms probably have much_.the same appearance as before glaciation. The surface left by the ice sheets slopes, in general, south- east or south and the main streams of the area may have had their courses determined by this inclination. In the western half of north Missouri the country is rolling, but farther east the divides are tabular and the valleys comparatively narrow. Where the streams have cut into preglacial uplands and exposed consolidated rocks they,flow through comparatively steep-sided, narrow valleys; where the present streams cross preglacial lowlands or valleys the slopes are gentle and there are few outcrops of the older formations. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SERIES. THICKNESS. The Pennsylvanian rocks of Missouri have a general dip to the northwest and west and are, consequently, thin along their eastern border, where only the older formations have been 6 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. spared by erosion, and thickest in the northwestern counties of the State. Since dips are low and surface relief small, out- crops of the highest and lowest beds are separated by distances of more than 100 miles. From outcrop observations alone, the thickness of the Pennsylvanian in any locality not on its border can be determined only by using the thicknesses of the lower formations that were determined in their outcropping areas at what may be considerable distances. This method does not yield exact results, however, for drilling shows that many of the shale members of the Missouri group thin to the north- west and that the Des Moines group varies within wide limits because of irregularities in the floor upon which it rests. By adding the thickness of Pennsylvanian rocks penetrated by the Forest City drilling to the younger formations out- cropping farther up Missouri River, the total thickness of the series is determined to be about 1,900 feet. The Nebraska City, Nebraska, drilling shows, however, that the Des Moines group overlaps toward the northwest and is much thinner there than at Forest City. It is probable, therefore, that the maximum thickness of the Pennsylvanian at any one place in northwestern Missouri is not more than 1,700 feet. South and east of Atchison and Holt counties, the thickness decreases because of the absence of the younger formations. SUBDIVISIONS. The Pennsylvanian series in Missouri has been divided into two groups, the lower termed the Des Moines group and the upper termed the Missouri group (see fig. 2). This was originally done chiefly in the belief that the Missouri group was strongly differentiated by a greater abundance of calcareous material. It is true that the lower part of the Missouri group contains many exceptionally thick beds of limestone and that the upper part of the Des Moines group is comparatively free from them, yet there are several thick formations in the upper group that are as free from limestone as any in the lower. Nevertheless there is a well-marked faunal break between the two groups that perhaps justifies their separation, and for economic pur- poses the Missouri is distinguished from the Des Moines by the absence of important coal beds. There are strong indications of a wide-spread unconformity within the Pleasanton formation, and it may be that the faunal break mentioned above is due to this feature. If this is so, SUBDIVISIONS OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN. 7 the boundary between the two groups should be drawn at the unconformity and within the Pleasanton. In much of the State, however, it would be impossible to accurately map such a boundary in the field. It is to be hoped that additional paleon- tologic evidence may result in the near future in a new sub- division of the Pennsylvanian into groups correlative with those in the Appalachian region. It is fairly certain that the lower part of the Cherokee shale is of Pottsville age and the upper part is of Allegheny age. From incomplete collections already made it is tentatively suggested that Allegheny time ends at the horizon of the unconformity in the upper part of the Pleasanton formation and that Conemaugh time ends well up in the Shawnee formation. The two groups include eight formations, three in the Des Moines and five in the Missouri. The formations are in turn divided into units termed members. SUBDIVISIONS OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES IN MISSOURI. Group. Formation. Member. Bed. Undifferentiated ercrriereiarin | oiaerecienetr eater ater Wabaunsee formation. .| Tarkio limestone......... Scranton shale Howard limestone. Severy shale..... re ‘ Topeka limestone........ |. Shawnee formation..... Calhoun shale........... | Meer CreckpuIMestONe yen cris -eenets atte ete tet Mecumsehishalemeysnewee sulk ese vate keane nearer « Lecompton limestone.....|....-.-...----...-- Kamiycaicagshal o=mrtamyserien | arate terrors arated teteiat= =o Oread Wimestone 2 sae eee || sarees estas eteinl= Lawrence shale.......... Amazonia limestone (toward top). Douglas formation..... Iatan limestone.......... Weston shale..... Stanton limestone........ F ¥ fe E Wilasishalem ernest teeter Missouri...... Lansing formation..... Plattsburg limestone..... Lane shale..2.-...:..... Farley limestone (in middle). Tio} hy, hse ec anomaonn Peocennebe ano oes ono Chanute shale........... Raytown limestone (toward top). _ Cement City lime- stone (near base). , Drum limestone......... Jasooovepac Kansas City formation.| Cherryvale shale... 3 Winterset limestone Seale A a0 Galesburg shale.......... ASLO ROOD CORIO GIFS Bethany Falls limestone... |.......-..........- Mad orershale ae serwesete tien cer aeeiede ore torale tes casie ts. « Pleasanton formation...| Undifferentiated Des Moines... | Henrietta formation....| Labette shale Cherokee shale........ Undifferentiated... 2.5... |-<- 2. --5-- ee ean nes 8 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. LITHOLOGY. The Pennsylvanian series is composed of a number of varieties of shale, sandstone, limestone, clay and coal. It is unique among Paleozoic units in the variety of its sediments and in vertical variability. Some of the shale and sandstone beds are more than 50 feet thick, but more commonly there is a change of sedimentary types every 20 feet or less vertically. The thickest limestone beds, the Iola at Kansas City and one in the upper part of the Cherokee near Fulton, are 40 feet thick, but this is exceptional. Some of the most persistent limestones average little more than two feet in thickness. The shales are the most important, quantitatively, of any of the rock varieties and constitute a considerable proportion of every formation. The common type is bluish-gray and argil- laceous—rarely without some mica and sand; it is the “‘soap- stone’”’ of drillers. At certain more or less persistent horizons the shale is reddish or purple, variegated with a light cream or greenish tint, and is wholly free from sand or mica. In the lower part of the Cherokee the shale at many horizons grades vertically or horizontally into dark or black shale that breaks down more readily on exposure and lacks the firmness of the slaty shale found associated with the coal and limestone beds of higher strata. The slaty shale is commonly black, and is so fissile as to resemble true slate, a rock it is erroneously con- sidered to be by miners, drillers, and many others. Some of the shales are calcareous, in places containing much lime as a cementing material or as impure lenses and concretions. Some shales grade both laterally and vertically into sandstones and often it is merely a matter of personal opinion as to whether a bed should be called shale or sandstone. The sandstones vie with the shales in importance, quan- titatively considered. In color they vary from white, blue, and gray to brown and red, but commonly weather to a yellow or reddish brown. As a rule they are micaceous and medium- grained, but in a few instances are coarse-grained and non- micaceous. They have been found containing so much cal- careous material that it was a question whether to call them calcareous sandstones to sandy limestones. The limestones are commonly light-colored, fossiliferous, fine-grained, compact, and more or less shaly along the bedding planes. Many of the beds, especially the thicker ones, are cherty; some are oolitic and thick-bedded, as the Drum at Kansas LITHOLOGY. 9 City and the Bethany Falls at Trenton and Princeton; and others are made up of small fragments of bryozoans, shells, and other invertebrate remains. Certain beds, such as the “‘Chae- tetes limestone” in the Cherokee shale, the upper part of the Fort Scott limestone, and the Pawnee limestone in Bates County, seem to have been in part ancient coral reefs. A macroscopically crystalline appearance is rare and is largely confined to brachio- pod shells, mainly of the genus Composita or Seminula. Other varieties of limestone deserving special mention are the thin, dark-gray or blue, even-bedded deposits such as parts of the cap rocks of the Summit, Mulky, and Tebo coals and the middle part of the Oread limestone, the gray or blue “bottom-rocks”’ of coal beds, commonly nodular and uneven on their upper surface, and the “conglomerate” or “brecciated’’ unfossiliferous beds like the Iatan and Bethany Falls limestone at their type localities and some of the “bottom-rocks.”’ The coal is of the cannel and bituminous varieties, the latter by far the more common. Cannel is not uncommon in the pockets in and near the Ozark region. The coal beds of the upper part of the Cherokee shale and of the Henrietta formation are in many cases associated with limestones and are characterized by an abundance of white gypsum and calcite scale in the joints. The “‘red’’ coals, so much esteemed by cer- tain domestic consumers, owe their color to the staining of this scale by iron rust resulting form the decomposition of the pyrite contained in the coal. Clays are most common near the base of the Cherokee, underlying coal beds, and as thin intercalations separating lime- stone layers or immediately underlying limestone beds. Flint and plastic fire clays lie at or near the base of the Cherokee in Callaway and neighboring counties and in St. Louis county. Pottery and stoneware clays are found at various horizons in the lower part of the Cherokee. Nearly all coal beds are underlain by clay, commonly and often incorrectly termed “fire clay.”’ Many deposits exhibit a slight lamination on weathering and would be called clays when moderately fresh and shales if subjected to longer exposure. The remaining type of sediment, and perhaps the least common, is conglomerate. At the base of the Pennsylvanian, -cherts—the residuum of cherty limestones that has been spared by pre-Pennsylvanian weathering and erosion—have since been cemented to form breccias or conglomerates. Some con- 10 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. glomerates at the base of the Pennsylvanian contain pebbles derived from older rocks. A few conglomerates higher in the section are composed chiefly of Pennsylvanian limestone pebbles in a calcareous matrix. PREVIOUS WORK. Because of its situation on main lines of travel from the East to the West, Missouri was visited at an early date by a number of geologists, but their published accounts are rather fragmentary. The most important of the early expeditions in the Pennsylvanian area was that of Owen! made in con- nection with classifying the public lands of Iowa and other states. Owen followed down Missouri River from Council Bluffs to St. Louis, making a number of valuable observations. He mapped the Missouri group outcrops seen above Lexington, as Carboniferous limestone (Mississippian), a mistake made also by a few other observers and definitely corrected by Swallow. Soon after the organization of the first State Geological Survey in 1853, with G. C. Swallow in charge, systematic work was begun by reconnaissance journeys, followed by county mapping. Swallow traveled down Missouri River from Council Bluffs to Rocheport. He believed that the Missouri group dipped down the river and that practically the same strata were exposed at all points between Lexington-and the north- western corner of the State. His ““‘Upper Coal Series,’’ essentially the same as the Missouri group, is consequently only 262 feet thick, an error of about 880 feet in outcrop observations. Major F. Hawn made an examination of a strip extending across the State near the line of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, noted the important coal beds of north-central Missouri, and constructed a generalized vertical section that is correct in part. A few other excursions were made in coal-bearing terri- tory, but the results were not published. In 1854 Swallow completed brief surveys of Marion and Cooper counties, while F. B. Meek worked in Moniteau and B. F. Shumard in St. Louis County. It is interesting to note that Meek recognized the true nature of the Ozark coal pockets at even this early date. The results of this work were published as the First and Second Annual Reports of the Missouri Geological Survey. 1Owen, D. D., Rept. of the Geol. Survey of Wis., Ia., and Minn., ete., 1852 PREVIOUS WORK. 11 The outbreak of the Civil War caused the suspension of the first Survey in 186i, before the results of its later work could be published. The second Survey was organized in 1870 and published in 1872 the reports of the work done just previous to 1861, including descriptions of the geology of Shelby, Macon, and Randolph counties by G. C. Broadhead, of Miller, Morgan, and Saline by F. B. Meek, and of Crawford and Clark by B. F. Shumard. These reports, though brief and as a rule unaccom- panied by adequate maps, marked a distinct advance over earlier work. In the report of field work done in 1872 under Raphael Pumpelly, W. B. Potter described the Lincoln County coal pockets and Broadhead the geology of Livingston, Clay, Platte, Buchanan, Holt, Atchison, and Nodaway counties. Broadhead also reported on the country between Sedalia and Kansas City and gave a general description of the remainder of the Pennsylvanian area. In connection with this he made a generalized section of the “Upper Coal Measures” that is accurate in the main, and a condensed section of all the coal beds that is considerably in error in the lower part. In the report of the field work of 1873 and 1874, Broad- head, who was then State Geologist, published a good but much generalized section of the southwest coal field and county reports on Cedar, Bates, Sullivan, Adair, Linn, Andrew, Daviess, and Cole counties, and described Jasper, Barton, Vernon, and Howard counties in collaboration with C. J. Norwood. At the same time Norwood also described Putnam and Schuyler counties. The second Survey was abolished in 1876. The Missouri Bureau of Geology and Mines was organized in 1889 under Arthur Winslow, one of whose first publications was a brief preliminary report on the coal deposits of the State. Detailed geologic and topographic mapping was soon begun on the quadrangle system and reports published on the Higgins- ville quadrangle by Winslow, on the Bevier by C. H. Gordon, and on the Huntsville, Richmond, Lexington, Calhoun, and Clinton quadrangles by C. F. Marbut. In accuracy and com- pleteness these surveys were distinctly in advance of many of their contemporaries. The nomenclature used in the later reports forms the basis for that of the Des Moines group in this volume, with the modifications necessitated by the correlations recently established between the areas then mapped and _ be- tween Henry County and Kansas. With the exception of.a few detailed areal descriptions 12 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. which mention very small coal pockets and Pennsylvanian outliers, all reports published during the last 20 years deal only indirectly with Pennsylvanian stratigraphy or confine themselves to one or more of the economic resources. In 1895 Broadhead published a short general discussion of the “‘Coal Measures,” but it contributed little that was new. Discussions of the physiography and topography of the State by Marbut, of the paleontology by C. R. Keyes, and of the Quaternary deposits by J. E. Todd covered parts of the Pennsylvanian area. Two bibliographies, one by F. A. Sampson in 1890 and another by Keyes in 1896, cited all the Missouri geologic literature known at those dates. The economic reports covered the entire State and included that on clays and shales by H. A. Wheeler in 1896, that on the quarrying industry by E. R. Buckley and H. A. Buehler in 1904, that on lime and cement resources by Buehler in 1907, and that on iron ores by G. W. Crane in 1912. In addition to the publications of the State surveys, there were a large number of short articles published. The United States Geological Survey, however, issued a few important re- ports: (1) a bulletin on the flora of the outlying Carboniferous basins of southwestern Missouri and a very complete monograph on the flora of the lower coal measures, chiefly of Henry County, by David White, (2) a generalized description of the western interior coal field by H. F. Bain in 1902, (3) an account of the underground waters of the State and their geological relations by E. M. Shepard in 1907, (4) a description of pockets and outliers in the Joplin area*by Smith and Siebenthal, and (5) the geology of the St. Louis quadrangle by N. M. Fenneman. The State and Federal Surveys co-operated to publish in 1912 an economic report on coal by one of the present writers. Although, as shown above, there is a fair amount of pub- lished material on the Pennsylvanian rocks of Missouri, it was not until the inauguration of the recent co-operative work in 1910 that an attempt was made to trace formational outcrops from the Kansas to the Iowa boundaries, and to bring together and correlate in coherent form the results of all earlier work and of the many excellent drill records recently obtained. During the last two decades, the reports of the Kansas and Iowa Surveys have thrown considerable light on Missouri problems. Vou, XII, 2xp Smniee, Prats 1 Missovn: Boneac of Geotoor axo Mines Vibbard — Leavenworth Merourt R. Southville Swanwick _ Richmond Bovier Copt Tebo Coat Bae one Tete ee pais oer hers Bose of 4 on Fe bo . o eae ; “I Mississippian Ls : Maspanippes as —— 3 0m as ee ms ae EES we — = : - —— a woo Sea Level o a . S=-- se EB g : 3 ® 2 z 4 & e = = 2 ¢ Fs ‘ ra # 2 = = 3 4 4 : E 3 z g 5 3 & & Z 5 5 é 5 a 2 3 z (NJ SSNS a v ie - — =—Mulky Coat - “4 é eo gua\ ; (= eee Le) : : Batty, Ge" Miles. ww OROSS-SECTIONS FROM LEAVENWORTH TO BRUNSWICK AND FROM CONNELSVILLE TO COLUMBIA. an 2 f rat oe ie - > ri Missovn: Boneav or Grotoacr ano Mies. ES eS - of Shawnee Lormatets vcr" % y * : va ™ = Sees eee = tas ormallor. paces 2°" / a = Base of Oovgit® - =.=" Ty i easly Se CU Se oh) en eC een ee oe Se ae oY . wee . . . . ue . . | Scere OREN Sa LA PL nen : Peek Pa tion... e'” oe . | pase. of, Kansas ily, FOouTRIS* « BS Base of Pleasanton Formation, a es al , Ses Level St Josoph { Missouri R. pian Limes! of Sea Level —Ee So SUNN RE 60001—12 ‘ . CROSS-SECTIONS FROM WEST TO BAST IN NORTH MISSOURI, Vor. XIU, 2np Senies, Prare IT. 1900 900) 800" 700° YU UOpATYD L700 300 F400 fee +o Laoo! eouarey) ft spopuore TTT TET *Uexington Goal Bevier Coal “Yy uonumUD ug sunopayy : Eureka Coal Base of Pleasanton, Formalion 2. +: ante IS PHM uoyooulg = Ya UOP7I2AM pe TAT AH | \ Z I Prletpporg, TTT Cainesville Coal . “Q 7en20T apaseureg MTT) yy uosduoy 7 Ses Level Sea Level i S FROM WEST TO EAST IN NORTH MISSOURI. ie Mussovurt Bureau oF GEOLOGY AND MINES. ns Vou. XIII, 2np Sentes, Pirate IIL. 41g Blue Fiver Little Blue Fiver Big Creex Pleasant Hill ig Creek Bear Creek Chilhowee Mineral Creek Sutherland Rhodelia oS RE of Cherokee | of Chanute shale). a | | Kansas Cit fh — | “Tormau —_____—_— |" tao ‘doninito Dennis Umestone. 2 fe | Dennis imoston | | iar Wintorsot limestono. ¥ boundaries), oa a —— = Erie limestones. | Coffeyville formation. | Galesburg shale. 6 wn amge i Galesburg stalox Galesburg ahalo. | Mound Valley limestone. | “| Mound Valley th Timestone Bothany Falls Timestone, 6. Mound Group. Biase — baso of | Ladore shales: Ladoro shale. great limestone | | | Ladore-Dudley | at Winterset. shale. ! Hortha - - - _ Doundary not i—— -— | = - eos | ee ome =! al _ = — defintely Peas A ee a ‘Parsons formation. | Not named. | Dos Molnes (Correlated with | eT ope eee) | 4 oe Sl aa | Holden Group. ¢ Stat Pleasanton Pleasanton). Pleasanton 65 | Walnut shales | Pleasanton | Undifferentiated. ures). shales. | shales. aS | S es —— | formation _——— Ow ‘Altamont limestone. or =e i “Altamont limestone Al . Middle og 2. Marmaton Of | Ss ~ — — = ae sg aes __} _Middle Goat) fe =. ae i is we Formation. Lower Pleasanton shales. | He Zz a Bandera shales. Zz Measures. Measures. Pawnee limestone. PRADO, iD =) Tilleteses lGaeroua, T fo ———9 85 > 7-18 loamnes 5 |. Henrietta See 3 = | : <) 4. Lexington Group. | limestone or = g | Labette shales. Ee] (4 | Labette a Hentlorta i formation. 2 | formation, — a es ee + Osvwogo limestone, ce Oswego limeston Qui 7 | Fort Scott limestone 8 | [Hort Scott timestone. 3. Warrensburg Group. 7 | a = ea ah a iy (=) | vetted We OS Se b : | HL. and 1. Knobnoster ( | Cherokee | 1. Cherokee < CHEROKEE | Stago Cherokee | Lower Coal — ~—— — 1 Coal j Measures. | 1. Clear Fork Group. ‘Seasurce, Shepieee thalee: Cherokee. oe a UE Baap: | &, | Cherokee shales. . shale. | Wnditeren tated. 660A DES MOINES GROUP. OM within the State underlain by the group in this condition is about 8,000 square miles. LITHOLOGIC CHARACTER. The group is composed of shale, sandstone, limestone, clay, and coal, named in the order of abundance. In a few places the amount of sandstone equals that of shale and in parts of certain formations limestone is preponderant, but in general shale constitutes at least half of all the strata. The varieties and general characteristics of the constituents do not differ from those of the Pennsylvanian series as a whole, except, perhaps, that the limestones are more impure and not so crys- talline as those of the Missouri group. The lithology will be discussed in greater detail in connection with the stratigraphy of the different formations. THICKNESS. Variations in the thickness of the Des Moines group depend largely upon changes in that of the Cherokee shale. ‘The original thickness of the group in different parts of the zone of outcrop may be roughly estimated by combining the thicknesses of the three component formations at their nearest full outcrop. Direct and complete measurements have been determined in a few places in and near the zone of Missouri group outcrop, where drilling has been carried as far down as the Mississippian, and are: (1) Bedford, Iowa, 725 feet; (2) Cainesville, Harrison County, 864 feet; (3) Berlin, Gentry County, 882 feet; (4) Trenton, Grundy County, 585 feet; (5) Forest City, Holt County, 895 feet; (6) Saxton, Buchanan County, 756 feet; (7) Atchison, Kans., 813 feet; (8) Randolph, Clay County, 714 feet; (9) Kansas City, 669 feet. SUBDIVISIONS. The Des Moines group has been separated into three formations on lithologic grounds. These are the Pleasanton formation at the top, the Henrietta formation in the middle and the Cherokee shale at the base. The basis for the separation is primarily the greater proportion of limestone in the Henrietta and the more regular and persistent character of its individual beds, but the classification can not be said to be a particularly fortunate one. The Pleasanton was an epoch of irregular, near- shore, non-calcareous deposition, except near the Kansas line, and its sediments are a fairly good lithologic unit. ‘Where 38 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. there are one or two limestone beds near its base, however, as near the Kansas and Iowa boundaries, it is sometimes difficult to determine its lower limit. The Henrietta consists of the Pawnee and Fort Scott limestones and the intervening Labette shale, and contains, in general, a greater proportion of limestone than the other two formations. The upper part of the Cherokee, however, was deposited under as uniform conditions as any part of the Henrietta, and, in a few districts, is fully as calcareous. On practical grounds it may be objected that the Henrietta of central Missouri is too thin to be a useful cartographic unit. CHEROKEE SHALE. AREAL DISTRIBUTION. The lowest formation of the Pennsylvanian series is the most important economically and outcrops in the largest ter- ritory. It forms the surface or is subjacent to the drift in a broad belt from Kansas northeast through Barton and Vernon counties to Iowa. One tongue projects eastward along the north line of the State through Scotland and Clark counties nearly to Mississippi River and another occupies the Mississippi- Missouri divide in Audrain, Boone, Callaway, Ralls, and Mont- gomery counties. There are outliers east and south of the main body for a considerable distance and it may be that the small pockets of Pennsylvanian materials found high on the Ozark Plateau are of Cherokee age. In north-central and northwestern Missouri the formation is concealed by younger Pennsylvanian rocks, but is shown by drill records to retain the characters of the zone of outcrop in all except possibly the ex- treme northwestern corner of the State. LITHOLOGIC CHARACTER. By far the greater part of the formation consists of shale, although there is a considerable quantity of sandstone in the lower part of the Cherokee of western Missouri and thinner beds interstratified with higher strata in all localities. There is a small area in Callaway and neighboring counties where limestone and clay are the main constituents, shale playing an unimportant role. In Johnson, Henry and Bates counties there are also exceptionally thick limestone beds, and thinner layers may be found in the upper part of the Cherokee in all counties except Barton and part of Vernon. Coal beds are scattered through all of the formation, but form a very small proportion CHEROKEE SHALE. 39 of the total sediments. Both the limestones and the coals, however, are of much greater stratigraphic significance than their bulk seems to warrant, for they preserve their individual peculiarities over large areas and are markers by which may be fixed the position of the other beds in the stratigraphic column. The Cherokee shale and the Mississippian beds were laid down under conditions of: sedimentation that were evidently quite different, so that there is a corresponding difference in the rocks formed and little difficulty in distinguishing one from the other. Unlike the Cherokee, the Mississippian contains great beds of massive limestone with little shale, sandstone, or clay, and no coal. Moreover, the limestones of the Cherokee are in general separated from those of the Mississippian by several hundred feet of non-calcareous beds and are much more fine- grained and impure. Many limestones of the Cherokee contain numerous invertebrate remains that definitely establish their Pennsylvanian age, but the distinctly different aspect of Mis- sissippian rocks ordinarily makes an appeal to paleontologic evidence unnecessary. THICKNESS. The Cherokee sea, advancing from the west or southwest, first entered Missouri between Kansas City and Forest City and stretched northeast as a long shallow arm to and beyond Worth, Harrison, and Mercer counties. In the area inundated by this invasion were formed earlier Pennsylvanian sediments than are to be found elsewhere in the State. In Holt County, at Forest City, the thickness of the Cherokee is 712 feet, in Buch- anan County 530, in Platte 555, in Clay 460, in Jackson 430, in Livingston about 450, in Gentry 700, and in Harrison 653 feet. A drilling in Worth County did not reach the base of the for- mation, but indicates that the lowest Cherokee beds were de- posited in that region. After the deposition of these first sedi- ments the sea advanced upon the old Ozark land mass lying southeast of the arm just mentioned, but it was some time before it reached Howard, Monroe, and the counties lying farther east. The effects of this are shown in the absence of the lowest Cherokee beds along the present eastern limit of the main body - of the Pennsylvanian and by the reduced thickness of the for- mation in the following counties; Putnam 350 feet, Adair 200 to 320, Linn 260 to 310, Carroll about 340, Ray 350 to 400, Lafayette 330, Johnson 220 to 350, Cass 390, Bates 325 to 370, 40 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Henry about 230, Vernon and Barton 370, Macon 175, Randolph 180, Howard 132, Boone 130, Callaway 108 and Audrain 75 feet. The country northwest of the first arm of the sea was not submerged for a long period, for a deep drilling at Nebraska City, Nebraska, not far from the northwest corner of Missouri, pene- trated practically no Cherokee. SUBDIVISIONS. A number of names have been applied in a local sense by several authors to a few members of the Cherokee, but it is be- lieved that the subject can be more simply treated by describing the beds in connection with the coals associated with them. The coal beds, stratigraphically as well as economically, are the most important members of the formation, and their distribution, characteristics, and nomenclature have been fully described in another report.! The use of a large number of member names in a formation as heterogeneous as the Cherokee is confusing to all but those who have made a special study of its strati- graphy. The lowest beds of the Cherokee were laid down on the irregular surface of older rocks in more or less disconnected bays and estuaries. As a consequence they were formed under very changeable conditions and contemporaneous beds varied greatly from place to place. It was not until several hundred feet of strata had been laid down in the region first inundated by the sea and the transgression had reached nearly all of the area now occupied by the Pennsylvanian rocks that conditions of sedi- mentation became more stable and deposits more uniform. The upper 100 to 190 feet of Cherokee consists of beds that are so regular in character and distribution that individual members may be correlated with reasonable certainty across the entire State and beyond into Kansas and Iowa. The correlations of beds lower in the formation can be made only where their rela- tions to the more persistent members can be determined. There are, therefore, stratigraphic grounds for dividing the Cherokee into upper and lower divisions, as was recognized and done by Marbut in Henry County”. Marbut considered the upper division to extend from the base of the Tebo coal to the top of the formation. It is true that the Tebo coal bed is fairly persist- ‘Hinds, Henry, Coal deposits of Missouri: Missouri Bureau of Geology and Mines, vol. 11, 2d series, 1912. *Marbut, C. F., Geological description of the Clinton Sheet: Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 12, pt. 2, p. 35, 1898. “qysl1 U0 syool uvlueATASUUOg-01d SUIMOYS ‘oUIeS JO MOTA IVON “| “SIT ‘Ajunod neoyuop “41d days Yoreuoyy ye yoxD0d [eoM *y “Sq ae nn seaeeatedani we h~ SER LL aeons ‘SANIPT ONY ADOTOUYH AO AvVENOAG WoAOssIpy OF CHEROKEE SHALE. 41 ent and that it is the lowest bed that is so. Recent preliminary paleobotanic work by David White, however, indicates that the Bevier coal bed corresponds in age with the base of the Alle- gheny formation of Appalachian coal fields and that the scanty fossil plants found in beds below the Bevier probably indicate a Pottsville flora. There is also stratigraphic evidence that the Bevier coal correlates with the Murphysboro (No. 2) coal of Illinois, a bed that is certainly at or near the base of the deposits of Allegheny age. In view of these facts it seems most appro- priate to consider the bottom of the Bevier coal the base of the upper part of the Cherokee. Should additional paleobotanic work substantiate the conclusions drawn from preliminary studies, it would then be advisable to consider the upper and lower parts of the Cherokee to be separate formations and to assign to them appropriate geographic names. REGIONAL VARIATION. In considering the changes in the Cherokee shale from point to point in Missouri, the outliers are first taken up, then follows the outcrop zone from Kansas northeast to the Iowa line, and then that portion of the formation that les beneath younger rocks in the northwestern part of the State. Pockets and Outliers—Beyond the outcrop of the main body of the Cherokee there are numerous outliers composed chiefly of sandstone and shale with some intercalated clay and coal. The best known of these is in St. Louis County, where the clay deposits are very important and where there is also considerable limestone!. Other notable areas are in Shelby, Monroe, Montgomery, Saline, Cedar, Dade, Greene, Lawrence, and Jasper counties. Most of the outliers occupy depressions in Mississippian limestones and some, especially in southwestern Missouri, lie in long narrow valleys eroded in the pre-Pennsyl- vanian land surface. Pockets are in one sense also outliers, but may be distin- guished by certain unique features. Briefly stated, they are shale, coal, sandstone, and clay deposits laid down in sink holes or small depressions and surrounded by walls of limestone be- longing to Mississippian and older formations. They occur in nearly all parts of the State outside the main Pennsylvanian body and are especially numerous in Lincoln, Callaway, Cooper, 1Fenneman, N. M., Geology and mineral resources of the St. Louis quad- rangle, Missouri-Illinois: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 438, 1911. 42 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Cole, Morgan, Moniteau, and southwestern counties. They are round or elliptical in horizontal cross-section, are commonly only a few hundred feet in width, and are in many cases as deep as they are wide. Many contain as much as 30 to 90 feet of coal, chiefly of the cannel variety, and have excited much com- ment. In most cases the component layers are saucer-shaped, dipping inward on all sides from the surrounding limestone walls, as though the entire mass had slipped down a considerable distance. Fractures and slickensides indicate that part of this slipping occurred after the consolidation of the materials, though many of the coal pockets probably sank during deposition, the action of the humic acids hastening the deepening of the sinks. Sinks that were deepened in this way, while sediments were accu- mulating were probably slightly above ground-water level at that time. Deposition in many sinks probably took place after the drainage outlets at their bases had been choked up as a result of a slight subsidence of the region in which they lie. Some of the shale and sandstone deposits may have been formed after the region was invaded by the continental sea, though this is not neces- sarily the case. Certainly those containing coal were deposited while the region was free from brackish or salt waters. It is probable that solution was renewed at the bottoms of the sinks whenever ground-water level was lowered as a result of post- Pennsylvanian regional movements and that many of the deposits are still sinking. The age of the pockets is tentatively considered to be Cherokee, though so far as fossil and other available evidence shows, those in southern Missouri may be contemporaneous with other Pennsylvanian formations. In Callaway and other coun- ties in which there are regularly bedded Cherokee deposits, the pockets are certainly of Cherokee age. Barton and Vernon counties.—The Cherokee shale of Barton and adjacent counties differs from the outcropping formation farther northeast chiefly in the greater thickness due, in part at least, to a thickening of the shale and sandstone beds in both the upper and lower divisions. CHEROKEE SHALE. 43 GENERALIZED SECTION OF THE CHEROKEE SHALE IN BARTON AND SOUTHERN VERNON COUNTIES. Distance Number. Stratum. Thickness. from top. Feet. Feet. 1 Shale, black, slaty (top of Cherokee).......... | 4 2 © Oars teeta oka isgatsxa: sistas ait ceiieterevetstneuereteasteracerhhs so | 1 5 3 Shale, with some sandstone; poorly exposed... .| 61 } 66 4 Limestone, dark-blue when fresh, weathers out in drab, diamond-shaped flags (hence “dia-| TAO TA CL TOC berey) erairsvenras teeye che eyaucte te Aeyerhe aca cere se 1 67 5 Shale, with one or more 6-inch limestone beds | rid PERCE Si oveici clot OO Da CO One Cogn dose eed 6 73 6 Shale, black, slaty; with large and small cal-} careous concretions...... Sob De be Ob ooba geo 6 3 76 7 Shale Wipht-drab, Sandy... a 5. eec-a.0'e aleve te dep 3 79 8 Shale blnish-blackocrery-yyaciomicncs costsrrete c= vine 2% 81 9 (COM CANIN SIA) 56 9 eeu Gero no eo Gioto ear 6 ego0ncbeos | 1% 83 10 Shale, perhaps including sandstone............ 31 114 11 Shales black: OULMINOUSs eastern jeveie reuse ee cokes eke 3% 117% 12 Coal (Weir=Pittsburge Upper) ..l. 22.2... 22e5: 1% 119 13 CH aVircehareners COMO OAC OU omg obo oA ooo sae eho 12 131 14 Seiler 5 4655 boodsa0o8 sonoesssoscq0g58es¢ 8 | 139 15 haley slaty invliowen half... 2. .scs.s cde cet 13 154 16 Coal (Weir-Pittsburg Intermediate)........... 1 155 17 (CHES? 6 crcl@idla Gayle. Ch OEE CA OO COIR CRUIC IReeRRCR RI Carne 2 157 18 SPICES LON Obwa geen ietoieeatersies steneueneieelcleter ove astute: syeweie, « 2 159 19 Shale, sandy, indurated at base............... 20 179 20 Coal (Weir-Pittsburg Lower [Bevier?]) seen eg Se a 214% 181% 21 OR. S316 Batic oo See ee Cae ee ee 3% | 185 22 Interval containing sandstone and shale....... 50 235 23 Sandstone and clay, alternating.............. thal | 246 24 Shale, black, slaty, pyritiferous at base........ 7 253 25 Coal streak..... Sodd SoS Conon oe OOMBIRSo ORE Oe = 253 26 CIE ae seen 0-4 6.5 morc a Bingo: 5 O-C-c Ole ene Of. Ceoeeoucn es 314 25614 27 Sandstone in upper part, slaty shale in lower... 10% 267 28 Coal, including two feet of clay in middle...... 4 | 271 29 SUIT & 6 Sheth crete) Cae eee EE eRe or eRO eet Bice eee ao 4 | 275 30 Ginziiey TMU eee eas casei eaeee eee ee ae eee ae 3 278 31 Netra Here chat tes waserstaiaans cere eee aus ae es eae 1 279 32 CHER 5 2.0 Ge OOS Emme Diy SED CoRPoReU a PUR ce Ge eee Re Cae 4 283 33 Sar BELCP GENT Cheat Berane «ric ch.n saat alent pesiinuas & ake cce narntine 4 287 34 Rutile REV e nay Be Mart wi ome Merl aye ea vah ene oe eases taclattcicns 4 291 35 CEAilS ss obu so peeUBO BOLUS DEH on DOSE Re OUS too 1 292 36 Sandstone, with thin shale layer at top........ 33 325 37 Shale, slaty «0. sec. A ca Boa mb te OMe iC GraniN 6 ao aie3rt 38 Coal streak......... Sumo goodH soon oto oes = 331 39 Clay in upper half, slaty shale in lower........ 9 340 40 WOa mene tat teucyetoy \edcnciny auspice peteiehe sccscvens covietohle ok 42 34014 41 NORV aWon ot attey- fon aiekal aust sparaisyshskescretcicus svete Sispenevacslists oe 8 34814 42 IRENE, ENR Ie Gb 6 Bio TID Eb-b DD NEA Ene Gee Oe ea 9% 358 43 COEls hea Se Gore Oy DAP OIG NO oo Caer ICE 1 359 44 Clay, pyritiferous....... 6S 6.0 CCE ad Deo mon acne 8 367 45 Mississippian limestone and flint............. = = 44 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Numbers 1-9 of the above section are from outcrops near Eve, Vernon County, Nos. 11-21 from drillings near Yale, Kans., and outcrops north of Minden, Barton County, and Nos. 23-45 from a drilling in the valley at Liberal. The connection between the Mulky coal bed and the Weir-Pittsburg Lower is not absolutely fixed and, indeed, it is possible that the two beds are the same. The Mulky and its characteristic ““diamond-rock” cap were not seen in the Liberal and Minden districts and so could not be tied to the Weir-Pittsburg Lower with certainty, though it is known that the latter lies about 180 feet below the top of the Cherokee shale. The strata below the Weir-Pittsburg Lower are evidently very irregular. In Dade, St. Clair, eastern Barton, and southeastern Vernon counties there is a conspicuous development of sandstone in the lower part of the Cherokee. Its exact stratigraphic position is doubtful. It may be that it is merely a shore phase of deposition and contemporaneous with shales and clays that were laid down farther from the Ozark land mass, though it is more probable that its western represen- tative is No. 36 of the above section. Bates and Vernon counties. In Bates and northern Ver- non counties, where the connection of the lower beds of the Cherokee with those of the Henrietta formation can be easily deciphered in drill records and outcrop observations, the section can be more accurately described. TYPICAL SECTION OF CHEROKEE SHALE IN BATES AND NORTHERN VERNON COUNTIES FROM DRILLINGS NEAR SPRAGUE AND RICH HILL : Distance Number. Stratum. Thickness.) from top. Feet. Feet. 1 Shale, blue and black (top of Cherokee)....... 6 6 2 Coal (Hexington) << scsccuus wie we sel eee eee “4 6% 3 (C1 Eh 2 CERRO ADC BIOORG oem ee 1% 8 4 Shale, in part sandy, with thin sandstone beds. 81 89 5 @bal’ (Sum mMib?) se os oom ae ae ee 4 89% 6 Olay Shi cis siesta ews Bishan Gla aler eas Ce eect ee ES 1% 91 i TETIMORTONG ests wie beta ee coke > 038 eee eee eee a, 98 8 Shale supper Dall SlaAty. oom gic qs ye out ak spledkaee See 14 112 9 Ooal) GUST Ts yes a oa sx 6:2 ee we rs eed 0 1 113 10 LONE CROCE IOD Te AT ETRE Re Ce eG 5 118 1l Shale, with thin sandstone bed at top......... 10 128. 12 Goal (Gapper PUGH ATA. sys. fee lels. aie. sears) seri wratenare 1% 129% 13 0) Ch AE ACh CLEP tscs OF CRCROATC PC RG CIC iin PENS ELS 4% 134 14 Shale, MILAN CO) DIRK erate vem wre els ala a es eave | 8 142 Missourt BUREAU OF GEOLOGY AND MINES Vou. XIII, 2np Sertes, PLATE V. Fig. A. Upper and lower Fort Scott limestone at type locality, Fort Scott, Kans. Fig. B. The ‘‘diamond rock’’ near Eve, Vernon County, showing typical jointing. 44 CHEROKEE SHALE. 45 TYPICAL SECTION OF CHEROKEE SHALE IN BATES AND NORTHERN VERNON COUNTIES FROM DRILLINGS NEAR SPRAGUE AND RICH HILL—Continued. Distance Number Stratum. Thickness.| from top. ; Feet. Feet. 15 Goal (lower Rich Hill [Bevier?])............. 147 16 CER? os cose ooH OOO SDOD SOOO ACO oO OONmI CON OU oon 1 148 17 Shale, in greater part blue, black and slaty at SEEig Ko Ge odo Uso OODonO Do OU DED OOOOOdaECON 28 176 18 COE a cog duno cHaGao den or oobouDOOsOUoH SOOO is || 177% 19 CIE oo eg 0oe DOO oU Doo OOOb UO aoUOMo Goo nOe ooo 1% 179 20 Sage, Mtigogocdobdn saoneooao ose oboonpo em ao 2 181 21 COE! Hirao o Gono desapanacon dno cone coos — — 22 (CHIBI A0.5: G:Gackes 0B ESO) CO ORONO REND Ono tad O16 Can OseERORE eon O ee ne 4 185 23 Shale, sandy, including a bed of sandstone. ... 38 223 24 Sandstone, gray and white when fresh........ 99 322 25 COB. oo cease banacotoouemd nto boo0 oboe oto oD 4% 322% 26 Shale, blue to black, in part slaty............. 31% 354 27 GOs cocodocauvomoooaDo DOE DODpOD DO OU EO e OHO 1 | 355 28 Cle ao 50 S00 Goa bbbano aboocD monn goacesauo gue 4 359 29 Miussissippian limestone......................- = = The beds in the above section, especially those overlying the lower Rich Hill coal, are remarkably persistent in a large terri- tory. Individual members thicken and thin considerably from point to point, but the distance from the lower Rich Hill coal to the top of the formation varies only about 30 feet, being 170 in northwestern Bates County and 140 farther southeast. The only good stratigraphic marker in the section is No. 7. This limestone is variable in thickness, averaging about 7 feet, and is gray, irregularly bedded, and contains fossils with a purplish tinge. Where the bed is of full thickness, it has a lower division of 18 inches or less that is evenly bedded and vertically jointed, resembling No. 4 of southern Vernon County, with which it is to be correlated. The shale between it and the Mulky (?) coal bed is 10 to 40 feet thick. The correlation of the beds of Bates County with those farther south is clear, for the lower Rich Hill coal bed is evidently the same as the Weir-Pittsburg Lower and other beds can be definitely placed by their relations to the thick coal. The cor- relation with the Cherokee of north Missouri is less certain, however, though the best stratigraphic and paleobotanic evidence now available points to the correspondence of the Bevier with either the lower or upper Rich Hill coal. The variable thickness 46 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. of shale No. 11 is characteristic of the shale overlying the Mulky coal farther northeast, while the notable thickening of limestone No. 7 from a one or two-foot bed is a feature that has its homolog in the Mulky cap-rock of parts of Johnson, Callaway, and other counties. Sandstone No. 24, which is. exceptionally thick be- neath the Rich Hill district, probably lies at the same horizon as Broadhead’s “Clear Creek sandstone” and is the arenaceous rock that outcrops so conspicuously in many parts of St. Clair and southeastern Bates County. Some of the structural features of the southern Bates and northern Vernon County region are of unusual interest. In the mines in the lower Rich Hill coal at Panama, Rich Hill,’ and New Home, very strong dips have been encountered. In ex- treme cases the coal bed changes its level as much as 150 feet in less than half a mile, while dips sufficiently strong to render mine haulage a serious problem are by no means uncommon. These dips do not fall into alignment with any regular system of folding and are more numerous and stronger in shaft mines than would be suspected from an inspection of the higher strata at the surface. The regularity of the succession shown in drill records and outcrops precludes the supposition that many of the dips are depositional, yet some of them may be of that type. In the new drainage ditch 2 miles south of Prairie City, in the southeastern corner of Bates County (W.'% sec. 24, T. 38 N., R. 30 W.), the strata are very much disturbed, though slightly higher beds in neighboring country are horizontal or nearly so. The accompanying photographs (Pl. VI) show two of these exposures, one in which beds are warped, tilted, and faulted in at least two places, and another in which there is a sharp symmetrical anticline on a small scale, with dips of 45° on both limbs. These phenomena are probably due to different processes than those that affected the Rich Hill coal beds. The disturbed strata lie very near the base of the Pennsylvanian, for Mis- sissippian limestone appears on the Osage River, one mile above Belvoir, little more than a mile distant. Their condition is due either to the proximity of the anticline that has brought the limestone to view or to collapsing of underground channels in the Mississippian limestone beneath them, a common cause of similar disturbances in the basal Cherokee of other localities. Henry County.—Passing northeast into Henry County we may note the introduction of two thin limestone beds not present farther southwest and a thinning of the shale beds that consti- Missourt BuREAU OF GEOLOGY AND MINES Vou. XIII, 2np Series, Pirate VI. —_ ) Fig. A. Faulting in lower part of Cherokee shale, drainage ditch two miles south of Prairie City, Bates County. Fig. B. Small anticline in same locality. 46 hale “ais Sh WR ‘ ae % car CHEROKEE SHALE. 47 tute the bulk of the interval between the Bevier coal horizon and the top of the Cherokee, resulting in a closer approximation to the Cherokee section of north-central Muissouri. GENERALIZED SECTION OF CHEROKEE SHALE IN HENRY COUNTY Number. Stratum. Thickness. Feet. 1 Shale, light at top, black and slaty at base; bears large COMERDMONT 5 915 Poo cposusdocouvo0ddadenooDoEdouacuob™ 4 2 Coal (USE daletoRl))S AG oo vou D OOO CE On ObooeDO neo ed oo ooo oss 1 3 (Clay aia! SONI, + ois oo moc mdaoboMoeeogUOSOnpoOno dbo O DOOM 9 4 ILMAMNETIOMOs osnodesocoveuncgo sea oosso seb oundoeopeeddoods 2 5 Shale and sandstone; with thin and irregular coal bed at DARGA ONLORD Ofte Cb OIC kaw aganemelanel iat lepeieheioteliel-leliolelen= =) ellen 35 6 Limestone, gray; weathers rough on top; in places a foot or more of blue limestone at base; absent in places, 15 feet . {HHS TH. QUEM) p ooo boDun Od ood dee noooenonomuDooodObS 8 7 SMM, SH oa seocse cugovd CAusopoduavoouconued SoD ood 44% 8 CoalsGviuilkys)- apSenblD! DlAGEB! sia cit clehecisce sche sree eae ocelot eee 1 9 SMG, WT. otc soaodoocrchoovagcbcocnboonocdooNeo ado" 30 10 Comls(Bevier) absent dame places 2, = ccied-bendie siscicte es coches oe 1% 11 Clay, shale, and sandstone; 3 to 12 feet thick............. 8 12 Limestone, variable; absent in places, 6 feet thick in others 3 13 Shale, light at top, black and slaty below; locally with large concretions absentiim) PIACEBm = sie se es © nists s<) sae cone wee 5 14 CoalnGhebo), absentrint places). cveus scets ious es. suecene vee atariac aie euent 2 15 Shale and sandstone, with basins of coal distributed irregu- larly both stratigraphically and geographically, including the Mammoth coal bed 40 feet below the Tebo horizon, and the Jordan coal, 70-100 feet below the same horizon|. 80—230 16 IMMISSISSHO eI LNCS LOMO sat sreirehiay -yainlieis) eee woe oea eee see) eye steele, eas Number 6 of the above section is the bed previously mention- ed as the only limestone of the Cherokee shale in the Rich Hill district. Between Rich Hill and Clinton it is thin and in- conspicuous and is absent along the west edge of the county. In northeastern Henry County and southeastern Johnson, however, it is as thick as any of the limestones of the Henrietta formation. Near Windsor it is 4 to 15 feet thick, at Leeton 11 feet, and at Henrietta more than 8 feet, the Mulky coal bed being absent in all these localities. This exceptional thickness appar- ently led Marbut! to correlate the Mulky cap-rock of north- eastern Henry County with the next higher conspicuous lime- stone, the Fort Scott, in the northwestern part of the county, where the lower bed is much thinner. ‘Marbut, C. F., Geological descriptions of the Clinton and Calhoun sheets: Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 12, pt. 2, pp. 1-191, 1898. 48 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. The Tebo coal bed and its associated limestone cap-rock are quite persistent in a large area, but are absent at Clinton, southeast of Calhoun, and near Urich. These beds extend southwest into Bates County, but at Rich Hill and farther south the cap-rock is lacking, though the coal may be represented. The Bowen coal trough near Windsor and the Mammoth trough near Lewis present an interesting problem!. The two deposits are unique in character and similar even in minor details, yet the distance of the Bowen coal below the Mulky cap-rock and the Bevier coal would place it at the horizon of the Tebo coal, while the Mammoth trough is 40 feet below the typical Tebo coal and cap-rock. It is difficult to believe that the two deposits were not formed in narrow valley-like depressions under similar conditions. It is probable that they were contemporaneous and that subsequent to their deposition and before the formation of the Bevier coal bed, the Lewis area underwent greater relative subsidence and received a greater thickness of sediments than the Bowen area. It is unsafe to postulate in how large a region this southwestward tilting was effective, but the probability of its existence makes it difficult to correlate many of the lower beds of the Cherokee. It is possible that the Jordan coal and the Bowen and Mammoth troughs are of nearly the same age, though the Jordan apparently corresponds with beds 175 feet below the Bevier coal horizon in the Rich Hill district. No direct tie can be made between the Jordan coal of the Deepwater district and the more persistent strata of the upper part of the Cherokee, but the best available evidence indicates that the coal lies 80° to 110 feet below the Bevier coal horizon. The determination of the exact stratigraphic position of the Jordan bed is particu- larly important because the shale just above it contains many species of plants that have been very fully described and com- pared with those in Appalachian formations by White? As a result of the examinations of fossil plant collections from many horizons and areas, and a re-examination of the Jordan coal flora, White states the belief that the Jordan flora is much older than was supposed by him in 1898, being comparable to the flora of the uppermost Pottsville as that is now revealed (see p. 261). ‘Missouri Bureau of Geology and Mines, vol. 11, 2d series, pp. 179, 190, and 193, 1912. See also Geology of Calhoun Sheet, op. cit. *White, David, Fossil flora of the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri: U. S. Geol. Survey Mon. 37, 1899. Johnson County.—In central CHEROKEE SHALE. 49 Johnson and _ neighboring counties on the north and northeast, most of the upper Cherokee strata assume characters that are persistent as far north as the Towa line!. TYPICAL SECTIONS OF CHEROKEE SHALE IN CENTRAL JOHNSON COUNTY, FROM OUTCROPS AND DRILLINGS NEAR MONT- SERRAT. 3 Number. Stratum. Thickness.| Depth. Feet. Feet. 1 Shale, soft and argillaceous at top, black and slaty at bottom........ oeooggee conowoboos 3 3 2 Coal (Lexington)........... oonoecoodnoooos 1 4 3 Clay, with nodular limestone at base.......... 4 8 4 Shale, yellow.......... Souconocos soocodcooes 10 18 5 Interval, chiefly shale; very variable in thick- ness,—average......... oaboroomSs ond nodD OD 20 33 6 Limestone, dark gray; compact; vertically CMM, solo ekooncoosod doandoooreD Oona O.0 2 40 7 Shale, in part slaty.......... 5A ona G0 GOGEROS 8 48 8 Cozi (MAMIE os donee 6 ee chive chao steko Goro cacao een 2 50 9 Timea, Clangihy Ging. 4 Go ob dcocpooodUC UC OoOE 10 60 10 Shale, with a few thin limestone bands at top; black, slaty, and with small nodules at base. 21 81 11 Limestone, bluish-black, very fossiliferous...... 1 82 12 COE s(GBE WIG) oe OS Bo acon poo od.olo wolouD odo Oto 2 84 13 Cilla, sais. odd adondaouveGoonot pus UD ODDS 4 88 14 Limestone, blue to gray; irregularly bedded} MOC. op soo bEoosmoceaudooodGooce Does od 3 91 15 SMBS 5 Secs oveis bekssdeote a Olole tho. DIcka D:aiceO- Oba id CiEoaaiorg 2 93 16 C@eil (MADD) e 5 pee Hee A ho DDD ep coe oe tes melo 2 95 17 SWaeilo-cd 4 bce He. Cloke OU ODI CAEOO 6 Cll GO OImRERD hp emer 17 112 18 Sandstone, reddish-brown; in part massive; Tay, joHEIH (avbalorereloKeol= | Goo ono ep oonaomuoUod 11 123 19 Shale, dark below, light above................ 15 138 20 Coal GBnizin7 IRI) e465 og GacogoroogoenooooOd 1 139 21 CIE. coo dono 60 cu done 48.00 Qo booth plot aac 5 144 22 SIC. -co0ocdu boone boo doodboUnomEDO Uy oe or aoe 8 152 23 GOPs cocoon cagnotdunoeoocoeny onopsouooHy dee 1 153 24 (CER? so 6 sp oamod ob Gare Hoomins nod bos cig osb.end 5 oyc.0 4 157 25 SiMWOs 3 bob ioe Ola eo Boome Bin O.biod pic D wt ole 12 169 26 COM > 2 ob vied dtdodcn. 6 ootado.0 oOo nob oO cco moO 1 170 27 Clay ob aden ste sob eio ope oe ce on dol ton 6 ood oe 6 176 28 AWD oo5 SB Ghot tag Ghee CAROLE Orescee bette Olasc Ofte cobaet Pra "0, Cn 9 185 29 Coal oCcoctegagonor ny ne alnomen Goode ebons % 185% 30 CIENTS alee oodadiocoood Seclasoogcca courage eam 41% 190 31 Shale, black, slaty, present only in places...... = = 32 WOACOVEOMESCHECLU) leists ereuslercherersareeiate lense lenacete =r=! = 5 195 33 (Chieky 5 REMY sooo cuobdooooncooDDOd otnoe soc -0L0 10 205 34 Shale, sandy at top, black at base...........- 25 230 25 Sandstone; thin-bedded; firmly cemented...... 20 250 36 Mississippian flint and limestone...........-. = == 1The correlations in this report, and in volume XI of this series of reports, of coal and other beds in the Cherokee shale south of the counties bordering Mis- souri River are tentative. Reconnaissance field work in Central Johnson county indicates that the-lower Fort Scott coal of Kansas may be the equivalent of the Mulky instead of the Lexington, the Lexington pinching out to the south. G—4 50 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. The interval between the Bevier coal horizon and the top of the Cherokee does not differ in essential respects from that in Henry County, though it is to be noted that the cap-rock of the Mulky coal is thin and vertically jointed as in southern Vernon County. There are places, however, where it is slightly thicker and more irregularly bedded, so that it is very difficult in small exposures to distinguish it from the cap-rock of the Tebo coal. The shale between the Mulky coal and this cap- rock varies from 4 to 15 feet in thickness in Johnson County, the variation being due chiefly to drab, argillaceous shale that wedges into the interval in places. Little is known about the areal persistence and character of strata below the Tebo coal horizon, as they outcrop in only a few localities and have been drilled in only a few others. Lafayette County——Two other thin limestones appear in Lafayette County and are persistent as far north as Iowa: namely, the bottom-rock of the Lexington coal bed and the cap- rock of the Summit coal bed. While the Summit cap-rock may be present as No. 4 of the Henry County section, the Lexington bottom-rock is absent south and southwest of Lafayette County. In north Missouri it could be grouped more naturally with the strongly calcareous Henrietta formation above than with the argillaceous and arenaceous Cherokee shale, and this was done in Bain’s ““Appanoose formation” of southern Iowa. Consist- ency demands the placing of this bed in the Cherokee, how- ever, as the coal above it has been correlated with a bed in Kan- sas that lies near the top of that formation. GENERALIZED SECTION OF THE CHEROKEE SHALE IN LAFAYETTE COUNTY. Distance Number. Stratum. Thickness.) from top. Feet Feet. 1 Shale; black, jSlatyy aie so csisie simi ie Siskel st sheds iners aieienoke 1% 1% 2 Coal Wiexing ton) oo ms cctehs ino, ete ne were saa ise 1% 3 3 (Od Ee KOO ORC CROLL ea OO UEIS Cad ONG De OO ond Bia + 7 4 Limestone, bluish-gray; rough-bedded; nodular) 3 10 5 | Shale arab ene LUC. see «wie nfo alata stato ateeare tears 18 28 6 | Limestone, blue when fresh, gray to drab weathered; in one bed; vertically jointed..... 1 29 7 Shale; black; slaty. sb... G00.0. 02 Views oilers, eae 3% 32% 8 Coal Swe re a nts creer el © alvin as el et eilercr ) cher ena emenaa 4% 33 9 Gay DIUS ire eke ate eibeenaaveyeitu se taki Asie oneness 6 39 10 Limestone; in places very concretionary....... 3 42 11 Shale; drabith.0 sere ee eect ere ceeere 2 44 CHEROKEE SHALE. 51 GENERALIZED SECTION OF THE CHEROKEE SHALE IN LAFAYETTE COUNT Y—Continued. Number. Stratum. Thickness.| Depth. Feet. Feet. 12 Limestone, bluish-drab, weathers brown; com-} monly in one bed and vertically jointed..... 2 46 13 Shale, at top drab and argillaceous, in lower part) | black, slaty, and with large and small oval) Ikivaa\eysqrona\ey (CKonaeiesnmONalsy5 4 5 p55 bocndonaoGuDoKGdS | 71% 531% 14 aan IV Wier sy, ewe dees vncticoea Ween tayi< cbc ieaeCensenls, ce tevetae ane | 1% 55 15 CHA bo.cbsovttbonoeco boob gancbuedD Don cipal | 4 59 16 Shale, gray and drab, with intercalations of MACH TAOUIS ELIAGITNOI). soonnccccogbooGDDUGES | 41 100 17 | Coal (Bevier).....--...-..---8- 252s eee eee | % 100% ISM CL ciyiene ces meeet ne etomidate Wewened Jachant va easedien ast vwetie al 1 10114 19 MimMeEestome ye mo cdullarepe eyes cue sro icies cus ceere as eevcysne 21 104 20 Shale, in part drab, in part black and slaty.... 15 119 21 Cogil (REDS) coocop ease poDoobo Rn ooo noo BOS 1 | 120 22 Shale, with a few coal beds and several sandstone) FEYSVSIEh oe em sae eet een eee een a [tery ian eme2ica 23 Sandstone, with thin coal beds and several shale) | beds; about. .......-.---.-2 ee see eee ee eeee | 85 | 355 24 Mississippian limestone...................... | —— — Saline to Linn counties——The part of the above section that lies below the Tebo coal is variable in character and thickness, the variation already noted in the thickness of the Cherokee in counties north of the Missouri River being largely due to thick- ening and thinning of these members and to the unconformity at the base. The section above the Tebo coal, though varying in minor details, is much the same in Saline, Ray, Carroll, Living- ston, Linn, and Chariton counties, the greatest change being in the intervals just above and below the Bevier coal bed. In Ray County the Summit coal is represented only by carbonaceous shale, though the cap-rock is the same as in the Lafayette County section. In Carroll, Livingston, Linn, and Chariton counties the Lexington coal is absent, though its bottom-rock may be found in many places. In Livingston and northeastern Carroll there are only thin streaks of coal at the Mulky horizon, and another coal, the Bedford, appears between the Mulky and Bevier coal horizons. The Bedford is probably a split from the Bevier and hes about 95 feet below the top of the Cherokee and 15 feet above the Bevier. In this region the Tebo is 35 feet be- low the Bevier and the calcareous layers forming the Bevier bottom-rock are separated from a thin limestone cap-rock of the Tebo coal by about 15 feet of shale. In eastern Linn and or 2, STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Chariton counties the Bedford and Bevier coal beds are com- monly so close together as to form virtually one bed, the interval between them decreasing gradually toward the east. In these two counties the interval between the Bevier and Tebo coals is very irregular, in some localities 15 feet and in others as much as 75 feet. The distance of the Bevier coal from the top of the Cherokee is normally about 90 feet and from the Mississip- pian about 200 feet, the interval containing chiefly shale. Macon and Randolph counties—In Macon, Randolph and adjacent counties there is a slight change, as shown in. the following table: GENERALIZED SECTION OF THE CHEROKEE SHALE IN CENTRAL MACON AND RANDOLPH COUNTIES. Distance Number.! Stratum. | Thickness.) from top. | Feel. Feet. 1 | Shale, with coal streaks (horizon of Lexington GOaD A... oi sale Si ehasret aos eeE Me Ae eee 5 5 2 | Limestone, dove-color, irregularly bedded, nodu- lar ‘and with clay Partinesss «ocr. ainieleisievernie ele , 12 3 |), Grlevy.s wind Geis sie, ao terete rotons Le het eRe iemer atts ial senate tenet 4 16 4 Shale, in part sandy, with some sandstone..... 15 31 5 | Limestone, blue to grayish-drab; in one layer with imperfect parting in center; vertically jointed... .:02---.5 susie vpiale © erelas alodkiepae Sinn ete 3 34 6 Shale, black; slaty: occ Jo < .Si.jnsete neve eae 2% “ 36% 7 Goal) (Summit)icck cts. oun shore Go eee 1 37% 8 LON cries ico cao om ION Om ees cago ¥ 41 9 Dimestone, modular... 55). . <'s.0/s 8 civit slalopetio ene 1 42 10 Shale, blue, in places with much irregularly bedded limestone and in others really a limestone with shale partings.............. 12 54 11 Limestone, much like No. 5 but commonly less perfectly jointed and darker on weathered SUTTAGCES. ‘5 «sss x= Stew cues cee whe. ble Si oiete eae teats 3 : 57 12 Shale, black and slaty at base, grading to softer and lighter material at top; bears ovoid con- Cretions in: places. —_ — ] 1Broadhead, G. C., Geology of Boone County: Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 12, pt. 3, p. 384, 1898. 0 CHEROKEE SHALE. 59 There is an average of 31 feet of limestone in the upper part of this section and in at least one place, west of Fulton, there are 38 feet of limestone broken only by 4 feet of blue shale. It is tentatively suggested that shale bed No. 3 of the Columbia section is replaced by limestone in central Callaway County, causing the limestones above and below it to become parts of one bed. The upper part of No. 1 of the Callaway section is, therefore, the highest limestone, the “‘Chaetetes limestone”’ in the Cherokee shale. No. 2 may be the cap-rock of the Summit coal, which it strongly resembles in the few places where it is well exposed. No. 4 is the bottom-rock of the Summit coal bed, combined with an exceptional development of calcareous material at its base much like that in the Higbee district of Randolph County, and with the cap-rock of the Mulky coal as it occurs in the region on the north. The rest of the section does not differ in essential particulars from that of the region on the northwest except that No. 11, the calcareous interval just below the Bevier coal, thins to the east and, with the Tebo coal below it, is absent in most of central Callaway County. It must be admitted that the above correlations can not be made with any degree of certainty. Exposures on Cedar Creek, the boundary between Boone and Callaway counties, can be readily correlated with those in central Boone and the region farther northwest. ‘The exposures on the east side of the divide which les east of Cedar Creek are not so easily placed, however, for they include more limestone in closely associated beds than is known elsewhere in the Cherokee shale of Missouri. It has been suggested orally by two geologists familiar with the area that this great development of limestone should be corre- lated with the calcareous beds just below the Bevier coal in Boone and other counties. In the light of the recent field work carried on in all the coal fields of the State, however, the interpretations given above seem better to fit all the facts. It is to be noted that similar exceptionally great thicknesses of the limestone just above the Mulky coal horizon have been observed also in south- eastern Johnson and northeastern Henry counties and in Bates County. Audrain County.—In Ralls, Montgomery, and eastern Audrain counties the Cherokee section partakes of some of the characters it has in Callaway County combined with some of those of Monroe and Randolph counties. Its total thickness is about 75 feet though the upper portion has been spared by 60 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. erosion only near Martinsburg and Wellsville. The top member is an irregularly bedded limestone about 7 feet or more thick that corresponds to the upper part of No. 1 of the Callaway section and is the bottom-rock of the Lexington coal. Between it and the thin cap-rock of the Summit coal are 6 feet of shale par- tially filled with many lenticles of limestone, corresponding to No. 3 of the Columbia section and the lower part of No. 1 of the Callaway section. Near Wellsville the upper part of this bed is so calcareous as to be indistinguishable from the limestone above it. The cap of the Summit coal and subjacent slaty shale are much the same as in Boone County, though the coal itself is very irregular in thickness. Below the variable, though thin, underclay of the Summit coal are 2 to 15 feet of limestone that is irregularly bedded at the top and more massive at the base. Locally the lower few feet resemble the even-bedded and thin cap-rock of the Mulky coal of Macon County, while the upper portion has its counterpart in the irregularly bedded shale and limestone that lie on the Mulky coal cap in Randolph County. Separated from the limestone by 7 to 11 feet of black, slaty shale containing lenses and ovoid concretions of limestone is a very persistent thin coal bed, the Mulky. The Bevier coal was found only in Ralls County, where it is a thin and nonpersist- ent bed a few feet below the Mulky. Elsewhere the 20 to 40 foot interval between the Mulky and the flint breccia and Mississippian limestone is occupied only by fire and other clays. These clays have much the appearance of being the stratigraphic equivalents of the basal clays of Boone and Callaway counties and of the famous Cheltenham fire clay of the St. Louis district. Northwest Missouri.—Turning now to the northwestern part of the State, where the Cherokee is concealed beneath a cover of younger Pennsylvanian rocks, we find that the main features of the succession are little changed. In many of the drillings the Summit and Mulky coal beds and their limestone cap-rocks are absent, but the Bedford coal is quite persistent and the Bevier bed with its distinguishing limestone bottom- rock can be detected in nearly every good drilling at depths of 100 to 150 feet below the top of the Cherokee. The good drill-records made at Atchison and Leavenworth, and in less degree the one at Forest City, show that during upper Cherokee time conditions of sedimentation along Missouri River at the west boundary of the State were almost identical with those in north-central Missouri, Strata below the Bevier can not be HENRIETTA FORMATION. 61 correlated so easily and consist only of shale with interbedded sandstone, coal, and clay. The shales constitute by far the greater part of the formation, but the proportion of sandstone increases toward the base, so that there is comparatively little shale for 100 feet or more above the Mississippian. The increase in the thickness of the Cherokee in parts of northwestern Missouri, definite figures for which have already been given, is due almost entirely to variation in the portion that lies beneath the Bevier coal horizon, and is caused by the thickening of individual mem- bers and, more especially, by the introduction at the base of beds that were laid down before the area farther east and south- east was submerged. Details of the stratigraphic succession where drillings have penetrated the Cherokee are shown in another publication. ! : HENRIETTA FORMATION. AREAL DISTRIBUTION. Overlying the Cherokee shale is a series of limestones with interbedded shales and sandstones that has been termed the Henrietta formation. Filling a small interval between the Cherokee and Pleasanton formations and commonly out- cropping at the top of either present or pre-glacial escarpments, it forms the surface rock over a comparatively small area. The main outcrop stretches across the State from the west edge of Vernon to the Iowa line north of Putnam and Schuyler counties, with more or less extensive outliers in Randolph, Howard Boone, Callaway, Audrain, and Montgomery counties. West of its outcrop it may be recognized in practically all drillings penetrating its horizon. Its distance from the outcrop of the Mississippian varies from one to 50 miles, usually nearer the larger figure. The outcrop in northern Missouri is somewhat problematical in places, because of the thick cover of glacial drift. LITHOLOGIC CHARACTER. The upper and lower limits of the Henrietta formation are marked by two limestones that are persistent throughout most ofits area. The middle of the formation, one-half or more of the whole, consists of shale, sandstone, and one or two thin lime- stones. Inthe southern part of its area nearly half the formation ‘Hinds, Henry, The coal deposits of Missouri: Missouri Bureau of Geology and Mines, vol. 11, 2d series, 1912. See especially pp. 104, 112, 130, 131, 152, 156, 157, 164, 166, 169, 170, 173, 213, 214, 302, 303, 327, and 420. 62 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. is limestone. Farther north the whole formation thins, but as the thinning of the limestones is proportionately greater than that of the shales, the latter form two-thirds or three-fourths of the entire thickness. In most of the State there is no coal in the Henrietta, but in the southwest and west there are one or two very thin beds in the Labette shale member and one bed that is interstratified with the shale included in the Fort Scott lime- stone member. THICKNESS. In Vernon and Bates counties the Henrietta is 90 to 110 feet thick. Northeastward to Linn and Macon counties there is a persistent and uniform thinning, so that 15 feet is the maxi- mum thickness observed in Macon County. From Macon northward to the Iowa line there is a steady increase in thickness, so that in Putnam there are 40 to 50 feet of strata. In the southeastern outliers, mentioned above, the upper part of the formation has been eroded away in most places, but in Howard County all the beds remain and aggregate 26 feet. Northwest of its outcrop zone the Henrietta probably averages close to 50 feet. SUBDIVISIONS. The Henrietta has been divided into three members, the Pawnee limestone at the top, the Fort Scott limestone at the base, and the Labette shale between them. The Fort Scott member consists of an upper and a lower limestone separated by a shale bed. REGIONAL VARIATION. The order of this discussion will be to follow the outcrop- ping zone from southwest to northeast and then to consider northwestern Missouri, where the formation is concealed by younger rocks. Barton and Vernon counties——The basal portion of the Henrietta outcrops on one or two high mounds in northwestern Barton County and the higher beds cap the divides along the western border of Vernon. The type locality of the lowest member, the Fort Scott limestone, is at Fort Scott, Kansas, a few miles west of the State line (see fig. A, plate V). The Fort Scott section! is about as follows: 1Bennett, John, A section from Fort Scott to Yates Center: Kansas Univ. Geol. Survey, vol. 1, pp. 86-98, 1896. HENRIETTA FORMATION. 63 HENRIETTA FORMATION NEAR FORT SCOTT, KANSAS. Distance Number. Stratum. Thickness.| from top. Feet. Feet. 1 Limestone, in upper 25 feet heavy-bedded and containing quantities of the coral Chaetetes milliporaceous, and thin seams of gypsum in clay partings. Below this the layers are somewhat evenly bedded. Maximum ex- posed on Pawnee Creek (Pawnee limestone MASINI) 5 o coo ODO DD Oona o DOC oCOodSDOrOEOOS 35 35 2 Shale, arenaceous and micaceous; at State line there are 2-3 feet of shelly limestone 16 feet from top; near top and bottom are layers of bituminous shale, with thin coal beds in places, and two other thin streaks of bitumi- nous matter dividing the whole into three nearly equal parts (Labette shale member). 60 95 3 Limestone, upper part unevenly bedded with | Chaetetes milliporaceous, lower layers some- what evenly bedded, with vertical seams (upper limestone of Fort Scott member).... 10-14 107 4 Shale, clay and bituminous, the latter forming the greater part; near the middle is a thin coal bed and near the summit a yellow clay streak (middle part of Fort Scott member).. 7 114 5 Limestone, ‘‘cement rock,’’ light gray, weather- ing buff, with large crinoid stems, 1 4% inches in diameter (lower limestone of Fort Scott MAAN NSIC) b 5 QoMOOUODTOOOO OO 0.0 HOO Oto a oO oo oe 41 118% The Henrietta in Barton and Vernon counties closely re- sembles that at Fort Scott, though the Pawnee limestone is probably not more than 20 feet thick. The Pawnee forms a reddish soil through the weathering of its iron content and is rather cherty. In one place on the north end of the mound in secs. 6 and 7, T. 34 N., R. 32 W., the coal mentioned as lying between the two limestones of the Fort Scott member attains a thickness of 14 inches and is the thickest coal bed found in the Henrietta of Missouri. Bates County——As shown by numerous detailed drillings, the Henrietta of Bates County is remarkably uniform as a whole, the thickness varying between 90 and 110 feet. The Pawnee limestone varies from 12 to 371 feet in thickness, is gray and cherty, and in many parts of the county forms the bottom rock of the Mulberry coal. The Labette shale is 35 to 62 feet thick and in most of the county prevailingly sandstone. At the top 64 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. is shale underlain by a blue limestone about five feet thick and closely resembling the lower limestone of the Fort Scott member. This resemblance is strengthened by the black slaty shale and thin coal bed (Butler seam) underlying it in places. At the bottom, a few feet above the upper limestone of the Fort Scott member, is another thin but fairly persistent coal seam, in places overlain by two or three feet of limestone. - The remainder of the Labette is heavy bedded sandstone 25 feet or more thick and apparently replacing the lower coal in places. In the eastern part of the county this sandstone grades down through thin- bedded sandstone and sandy shale to argillaceous shale. Above the sandstone is another bed of clay shale and the whole is about 60 feet thick. The upper limestone of the Fort Scott member is 15% to 23 feet thick and more thinly bedded than the Pawnee lime- stone. The shale between the upper and lower limestones of the Fort Scott member varies from 21% to 10 feet thick, is black and slaty in the upper part, and in many places there is_a six- inch coal bed below the slaty portion. Below the black shale or coal there is a bed of clay resting on the lower limestone of the Fort Scott. The latter resembles its homolog of the type locality, though it is absent in some drill records and as much as 20 feet thick in others. In many places it is underlain by black shale and coal. In Broadhead’s generalized section of Bates, Vernon, and Barton counties !, his number 67 is the Pawnee, 56-66 the Labette, 55 the upper limestone of the Fort Scott and 50 the lower lime- stone of the Fort Scott, giving the Henrietta a thickness of 69 feet, rather under the normal because of the small thickness assigned to the Pawnee and Fort Scott members. A typical section of the Henrietta is shown in the log of a drilling near Sprague (SW. 144 NE. 4% sec. 10, T. 38 N., R. 32 W.), the upper part of which is given below: 1Broadhead, G. C., General section of the southwest coal field in Bates, Ver- non and Barton counties: Missouri Geol. Survey, Rept. for 1873-1874, pp. 60-61, 1874. HENRIETTA FORMATION. DRILLING NEAR SPRAGUE, BATES COUNTY. Number. : Stratum. Thickness.| Depth. | | EE as Ft. in. 1 Soll, QWOsscconoearcooCNeenoooodHaoDDU GoM nmd 11 11 2 Sinai. alilowrs ancoccrdpoood dn on no Oo OOOO oop! 4 15 3 az lOe | ONAOEA 5 ponks Bae 4) Areione Guga ie 6 a'neckd 0.0 Or Orb oacyO 30 45 4 Coal (Mulberry).....---+---eese este tgtteee 2 4 47 4 5 Clay (base of Pleasanton RoaANOM)) 5 5co0c00n0s 4 8 52 6 Limestone (Pawnee)... ---+- eee etree eee ees 18 6 70 6 7 Shale, slaty (top of Labette).......-++-+-+++- 1 8 72 2 8 Sin, Ml. gob cnocheoosaoD doco doo ood ooo GOD 2 4 74 6 9 ILA, o bloc HOSe UO Oe OOD OOo Amro dO C00 7 6 82 10 Shale, slaty (horizon of Butler coal).......... 5 6 87 6 11 Clay. o éanoonebessoop ued DDO DHOUOOTOUMOToO DS 3 90 6 12 Samael ndabocoovedcosdveeoopaongoddaoc0 5 26 4 116 10 13 Coals. accononundoumoowee ou a sooo oomoo mo oid G 4 117 2 14 Clay (base of Labette)........---+ee+ essere 4 10 122 15 Limestone (upper limestone of Fort Scott ANCA) coh eobopeceoMouEePeUaDo DoD OUO0O6 21 143 16 Sinals SIGMA Gi Ele cha secae cleo © ploefeen a ceoanoaenso Canepa 3 146 17 CIE op wocobned deen nen doUden op OD OD Uno CO oOe 5 2 151 2 18 Limestone (lower limestone of Fort Scott TIM N)n opouaos ace naopUdsHoudoDOumdadcd | 10 4 161 6 | Henry County.—The Henrietta formation was first described in detail in the quadrangle reports on Henry County. Marbut 1 states that ‘““The formation is essentially the northeastward ex- tension of the Fort Scott and Pawnee limestones and the shales in- cluded between them in Kansas, as defined by Swallow and later by Haworth” and gives the following section: MARBUT’S GENERALIZED HENRIETTA SECTION (HENRY COUNTY). Number. Stratum. Thickness. Feet. 12 WoaienERHiObee a 5 os 0 bb aioe bald OC cuaia 0, I OLe © GnoucAciO OOo ONO DIG eco 5 11 Interval (probably shale).....-.---.-:+-s+ssee etter reese 50 10 Clea sono n pidlo Jee pelo ode mos atone. O06 Bo Blau cco AoC OicARO oo 4 9 RMOTHOGe pon ood ea pe Md ho oO or Usd S re end mt 0.0 0-7 Oooo. 1 8 RSET al eee Patan Ce Neca ota strc as cle seca aac rae cays ein yengiia asfovatie sells pis 8 7 Limestone..... ee ea eM ey Wadena cna ele ce erie ale soem ecetn vanes 2 6 Shales DlACK. HSBC 2c te eye elare eee ene oltsl eecal ehjenen spine ee 2% 5 (CIS SS aig hea on Bera oO ols Ase echo atniy Ceo EBD E GrO Es Og) DeceO Oph eeCEINO 1 4 SUES oy een eon colba co conoo ease eee ee hee ict Schone cr sce Ma earner er cnc aaa 7 3 Tupi ep ee o oul. CapenooD.4c Um pe coi 0.0 Oo Ors On 1 2 Gamdstonerand shale, .taacicss ces c.s ele cueie srcielerg spe cereus sev 15 1 Lime OVOA gous oonoonemowedddaobououE ob. oOo Ociooos 5 101% ‘Marbut, C. F., Geological descriptions of the Clinton and Calhoun sheets: Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 12, pt. 2, pp. 1-104, 1898. G—5 66 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. At the time Marbut did the Henry County field work the Henrietta formation had not been traced from the Kansas State line. Recent field work by Mr. Greene has shown No. 12 to be the Pawnee limestone, 10-11 the Labette shale and 9 and 7 the upper and lower limestones of the Fort Scott member, respectively. No. 1 of this section is correlated with a rather persistent limestone in the upper part of the Cherokee shale. As shown in the foregoing section, both the Pawnee and upper limestone of the Fort Scott are considerably thinner than in Bates County, partly, perhaps, because they are commonly ex- posed in escarpments where solution or erosion has reduced their thicknesses. Both are known to be of greater thickness a few miles north and west of the area studied by Marbut. On the divide between Deepwater Creek and Grand River the lime- stone taken by Marbut as the base of the Henrietta thins out or is represented by a thin layer of limestone nodules. Con- sequently in the western part of the Clinton quadrangle the base of the Henrietta was originally mapped as the base of the Fort Scott limestone, while in the Calhoun quadrangle it was a lower bed in the Cherokee shale. Cass’ County.—In southeastern Cass County, a few miles northwest of the Clinton quadrangle; a drilling penetrated the lower part of the Henrietta and the upper part of the Cherokee. The drilling was begun on Walnut Creek (SW. 14 sec. 34, T. 44 N., R. 29 W.), below the Pawnee limestone. DRILLING THREE MILES EAST OF GARDEN CITY, CASS COUNTY. Number. Stratum. Thickness.| Depth. Ft. in. Fl. in. 1 Soil anGirelayis acess oie utare ml cekonaree aces aie teis Ueto metere 6 6 2 Sale: Clay yee eycycie ws ec cahele kel eer si octemene eens hee 4 10 3 COGS we ccc): ovure chattel she ete icreiieeantoke (chennai ey ieee tana 5 10 5 4 Clay (base of Labette shale member)......... 5 ay 16 5 Limestone (upper limestone of Fort Scott poalevesoK-ye bray Cauca Otc commana Saoec 14 30 6 Shale, Glaty- cc 6 feene vic icotie ie noets sucka taticlote ce petelcaenahaee 1 4 31 4 7 (So RSA GOO OAn Oo ma crOtcia ato AAO < 1 8 33 8 (Opt eee eS euPac IE eicha oot acidic tortons ao ous ecitet on. 3 36 9 SRAISH CLAVE co) cse.ss. wicrrinieimner ik sin tetas (ato teen 3 39 10 Limestone (lower limestone of Fort Scott pestzyiedel:) a pepe CISILho, CATON ACE MOMENTA Ln we ASO, 6 45 11 Sandstone and shale, alternating (top of Chero- REGED) cre ete ns craic Oe ikyette learns phate tkepaune ater eee 36 81 12 SSHBIG MIELE Sis i'ans. co o.s ele tare) onacele a nts Staal 2 83 13 GOORIN sora lar ore os cu esc elietel'ay ©; ohn iey/ehe- 6 oth hole Ie gre teiey a eiamet 1 6 84 6 14 CRE Fd raid ia ase rete je eels ya Ge We ohare tk er ene a vane 2 86 6 15 STrale OLAV icis leva: ersten e feo oPelicisl oleae cete’ paavamTEreieee 34 6 121 16 Limestone (Marbut's base of Henrietta)....... 10 131 17 Glog) soa ane ae sisticio: carts aie els slgune muneetal sete eels beni 10 131 10 HENRIETTA FORMATION. 67 Farther north in Cass County, at Pleasant Hill, a drilling showed the Pawnee to be 5 feet thick, the Labette 63 4 feet, and the upper limestone of the Fort Scott 10 feet. Below this is (1) 7 feet of dark shale and limestone, (2) 15 feet of shale, dark blue and red, and (3) 2 feet of dense blue limestone. It is not known whether the lower limestone of the Fort Scott is (1) or (3). Johnson County.—On the divide in southern Johnson County there are many outcrops of the Henrietta and practically the full formation extends east to Sutherland. The following record was furnished by Mr. J. B. Scott of Windsor, Mo.: SHAFT AT SUTHERLAND, JOHNSON COUNTY. Number. Stratum. Thickness.| Depth. Feet. Feet. 1 HD) Ta pmeent one ronationsieWe cokes eu nis chcushers if onsite Tenewee: cushes oosye! ae 9 9 2 mock (Pawnee! limestone). ..-..5...5-205.-6 95 8 17 3 “Soapstone”’..... ) 20 37 4 PSL AEC surele We hesistelio. e::e.1= - 3 40 5 Coal. Wee Lee eres (Labette shale).......... 1 41 6 CHA neu epenevenecenes « fon 2 43 7 Rosk (upper limestone of Fort Scott member) 11 54 8 BAG GEN 73 6 sig) Soto attols cual Oo tLoroscigio GLa, coo horror nen 5 59 9 “ORIN MIOMEN? 57 6.0 Saeooo neo ab oO OA MO OO coe 11 70 10 Rock (lower limestone of Fort Scott member). .| 4 74 11 “Slate’’ (top of Cherokee shale).............. 3 Mahe 12 (CHOGIIS Ke ert te CR ECCT REE EA ae CREO Se ncaa ee a ie 78 13 “Soapstone, fire-clay and boulders’’........... 61 139 14 Rock (Marbut’s base of Henrietta)........... 14 153 15 SET oi Sintc: GGG treme oat on 0 eins oeg Gore Hed conoid adel 2 155 16 “SICA VSIOIMNE 6 gc eS aD Ooo dua UN emo Doh O Moos 12 167 aly¢/ C@Gille 66 -osavaons bab uote oie Goode Ba. ooe meds 2 169 On Blackwater drainage both the Pawnee limestone and Labette shale are somewhat thinner than in the southern part of the county. The upper limestone of the Fort Scott is ap- parently thinner but retains its thin-bedded character and gray color. The lower limestone of the Fort Scott is two to three feet thick, blue, and weathers buff. It outcrops as a single layer or in two or more thin beds. The shale between the two limestones is irregular both in thickness and lithology, but in all outcrops contains a layer of black bituminous shale.. One or two thin layers of limestone occur in places. The thickness of the Fort Scott varies from about 10 to 30 feet. North of Holden is the following outcrop of the Fort Scott limestone: 68 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. PART OF FORT SCOTT LIMESTONE NORTH OF HOLDEN. Number.| Stratum. Thickness. ; | Eh. in. 1 | Limestone, gray; thin-bedded, cherty (upper bed of the |, “aFort Scott) Ve.> bast 1:4 oe hla Pee Oe eee ae |, as 2 Shale, drab at top and bottom, dark in middle............ 2 3 Limestone, gray, even bedded, jointed................... 6 4 Shale dark oo ccis 5.0705 spoils bis, voter ce stole cateka eater niente 2 5 Limestone, blue, surface slightly wavy and covered with | fucoidal, markings’ «(5). sits)» sotese -)2)’ ‘“‘Appanoose,”’ a term that is in general use by Iowa geologists. His section, somewhat condensed, is as follows: “APPANOOSE FORMATION” IN APPANOOSE COUNTY, IOWA. Number. Stratum. Thickness. Ft. in alg Limestone, gray, sub-crystalline; known among the miners Bsyune) floating, LOCK sce oie ote s/s erste io bol cia dalelcto! «onesie eee 2-4 16 Shale, argillaceous; color variable. <<. «<<. «eqaeis ee ee 12-30 15 Limestone; heavy ledges; the ‘‘fifty-foot limestone’’....... 4-10 14 Shale, argillaceous; blue and red in color................. 14 13 Shale, arenaceous; frequently forming a well defined sand- BEOVIO s 5 005 0 oan aia oho atm Grate he teh alata selene in) < niatin apala iets ohete chen aenenn 8 12 Shale, argillaceous; blue to pray... . ....,- sccm cere viene 10 11 Limestone, somewhat variable in thickness; known as the “‘seventeen-foot limestone”’ or “‘little rock’”’............. 1-3 10 Shale, sometimes gray; frequently bituminous and pyri- VC Sonora OO OUnT OO COOU OSC OcwonCOmo core n oo s 7 9 Limestone, sometimes gray, and coarsely subcrystalline; sometimes fine-grained, bituminous, and grading into the shales above and below; known as the ‘‘cap rock”’... 2-4 8 Shale, usually bituminous, and known as “‘‘slate’’; occasion- ally in part soft and clay-like; then known as clod, at times heavy and homogenous non-fissile, in which form it: is’ know as! (black) Wee 6 ac reis ao als eves ace aia 1-3 v4 Coal, upper bench, wswallyi oo, sytem ctene snp et a ansanc ais eee 1 8-10 6 Clayparting, “‘mud band’? 52955 cic. fic cle one ecto eine oe ee 2-3 5 Coal, lower bench, usually. 33. aw hs ee Sele Cee eee 8-10 4 Glay parting, | the Sut him ae owe sis oi sien n iavotsalc) elaleieie enena % 3 Coal, frequently not.so pure: ... 3... cc esiee ss oe ee eee 2-3 2 Mes CLA Yo soraya Gepost) Bais oan alate a mols avertstakehstel pests cate tals Soe fe een 1-6 1 Himestone; "bottom: LOCK yi cue raya) sieecepeh so) oiey an) aleve a anager 3 6 Nos. 2-7 are correlated with the Lexington coal and, with No. 8, are at the top of the Cherokee shale. No. 9 is correlated with the lower limestone of the Fort Scott and 11 with the upper limestone of the Fort Scott, 12-14 with the Labette shale and 15 with the Pawnee limestone. The beds above, Nos. 16 and 17, are referred to the lower part of the Pleasanton shale on the basis of the field work recently carried on in Missouri. Southeastern outliers—Southeast of the main outcrop of the Henrietta are a number of more or less extensive outliers in Randolph, Howard, Audrain, Boone, Callaway, and Mont- gomery counties. The Henrietta formation of Randolph and Howard counties is about 25 feet thick and is similar to that of Chariton, Linn, and Macon counties. HENRIETTA FORMATION. 73 TYPICAL SECTION OF HENRIETTA FORMATION IN RANDOLPH AND HOWARD COUNTIES. Distance Number. Stratum. Thickness.| from top. : Feet. Feet. 1 Limestone, gray; rough-bedded; impure; with) specks of calcite (Pawnee en oNolsyyo 6 Gadoade | 2 | 2 2 Shale, light-buff, with small marble-like con- | eretions (top of Labette member).......... 3 } 5 3 Coal, SUCKS so o0ccpoonDbDHOnDOOOUOHODUOUOOUE = = 4 Shale, drab; caleareous at top (base of Labette MIGNON) o oaoopocoddnasOpoOU DDO OUND OODONG 12 17 5 Limestone, blue; weathers drab; rough on top; in one layer (top of Fort Scott member).. | 2 19 6 Shale, drab; with thin lenses of limestone...... 1 | 20 Th Limestone; dark-blue to dove; irregularly bedded| above, massive below (base of Fort Scott} ACUMEN) oGoodgonoob Odeo SoD Ud oDO DONO ODODD 6 26 All the members of the formation in this region outcrop only on the divide north and south of Armstrong and in small scattered areas in the upper part of Bonne Femme and Moniteau creek drainages. The easternmost undoubted exposure of a Henrietta bed is a short distance from Columbia, Boone County, where a part of the lower limestone of the Fort Scott can be dis- tinguished. The “‘Chaetetes limestone” at the top of the Chero- kee shale can be seen on many ridges and it is probable that wherever it outcrops large outliers and fragments of the lower limestones of the Fort Scott have escaped erosion and lie con- cealed beneath the heavy drift cover. The same reasoning applies also to the outliers in Boone, Callaway, Audrain, and Montgomery counties, where areas containing the highest Cherokee beds are mapped as also containing some Henrietta. It is possible that the upper part of the very thick limestone at the top of the Cherokee in the last three counties named is of Henrietta age, the thin shale between the “‘Chaetetes lime- stone’ and the lower part of the Fort Scott having disappeared, the two limestones forming one massive stratum. Northwestern Missouri.—Northwest of the outcrop zone of the Henrietta, in northwestern Missouri, the formation dips beneath younger rocks. Drilling in this region invariably shows the limestones and other beds of the formation at their proper horizons except in a few places where they have apparently been removed by erosion and replaced by shales and sand- stones of the Pleasanton formation. In much of the region 74. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. it is easy to recognize the Pawnee limestone at the top of the Henrietta formation because of the absence of limestones in the basal Pleasanton, but the exact delimitation of the base of the Henrietta in drill logs is a more difficult problem. As shown elsewhere, there are two or three fairly persistent limestone and coal beds near the top of the underlying Cherokee shale and in some cases the line of demarkation between these two formations is very indistinct. In Jackson and southern Clay counties the Henrietta is reported 50 to 60 feet thick and varies little from its nearest outcrops. Farther north in Clay County 80 to 107 feet of lime- stone and shale have been penetrated below the Pleasanton, the lower part probably belonging in the Cherokee. At Leavenworth and Atchison, Kansas, the thickness is apparently close to 50 feet, as it is also at Saxton and Lathrop, Missouri. In northern Clinton County not over 30 feet of strata can be referred to the Henrietta in the Cameron drilling, but in that at Stewartsville the amount of ‘rock’? reported in the Des Moines may indicate a greater thickness. In Caldwell County the Henrietta formation is usually found to be about 40 feet thick, but at Hamilton there are only 13 feet of strata that can be assigned to it. The drilling at Gallatin, Daviess County, penetrated about 20 feet of ““conglom- erate’ and interbedded shale which is believed to be the Hen- rietta. Westward on the same fork of Grand River, the Hen- rietta was pierced at Gentryville, Gentry County, by a core drill, but unfortunately all consolidated material, regardless of its nature, was reported simply as “rock.” As nearly as could be ascertained, however, the Henrietta is 73 feet thick and the Pawnee limestone at its top is 17 feet thick. At Maryville the log of a core drilling shows 59 feet of limestone and shale in the approximate stratigraphic position commonly occupied by the Henrietta, but drillings in Iowa seem to indicate that part of this may be Pleasanton. In the western part of the State the lower part of the Pleasanton apparently includes much limestone, rendering very difficult the exact determination of the Pleasanton-Henrietta boundary. On the basis of a comparison of the Forest City drill record with those at Atchison, Kans., and Maryville, Mo., the thickness of the Henrietta at Forest City appears to be about 70 feet, although some limestone is present to as much as 118 feet above the base of the formation, PLEASANTON FORMATION. 79 A number of drillings in Mercer and Harrison counties have penetrated far into the Cherokee shale, but in most of them the greater part of the Henrietta has been replaced by Pleasanton beds. In this district the most common thickness of the Henrietta is 40 to 50 feet where the whole formation is present. Three drillings near Lineville, Mercer County, failed to penetrate any limestones that could be correlated with those of the Henrietta, and it is probable that they were removed by erosion during Pleasanton time. The northward extension of the Henrietta (termed Appa- noose in Iowa) and Pleasanton formations in southern and central Iowa has been ably discussed by Bain and Leonard.! PLEASANTON FORMATION. AREAL DISTRIBUTION. The Pleasanton formation is the upper of the three forma- tions of the Des Moines group. From the Kansas State line to Grand River in Livingston County it outcrops in the face of the escarpment capped by the limestones at the base of the Kansas City formation and extends eastward to the top of the escarpment formed by the Henrietta formation, occupying a belt 5 to 20 miles wide. North of Grand River its outcrop abruptly widens, averaging nearly 50 miles and extending from the Kansas City escarpment to the Chariton River or farther east. In Howard County there is a small outlier. The outcrop is shown on the State geologic map. LITHOLOGIC CHARACTERS. By far the greater part of the Pleasanton is shale, but sand- stone is abundant and is preponderate in places. Thin lime- stones are present in Bates County and in the northwestern part of the State, as shown in drillings, but in the greater portion of the area of outcrop limestone is absent or represented only by one or two thin beds. A thin coal seam (Ovid) is fairly per- sistent near the top and another (Mulberry) lies near the base. The latter is an important bed in Bates County and its possible equivalent has been mined for local consumption in Livingston County. One or two other thin beds are locally present. On the whole the lithologic character of the Pleasanton is iBain, H. F., and Leonard, A. G., The Middle Coal Measures of the western interior coal field: Jour. Geology, vol. 6, pp. 577-588, 1898. 76 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. extremely irregular, probably because of both contemporaneous erosion and of exposure to atmospheric denudation for a short time. In many places in the northern part of the State the lower 5 to 20 feet of the Pleasanton consist of red, white, or green shale. In some localities there are one or more thin limestones 15 to 70 feet above the base of the Pleasanton, probably in part correlatives of the Altamant limestone of Kansas geologists. It is a question, however, whether the limestone tentatively correlated with the Altamont lies at the same horizon in every instance. Above this limestone the shale of the Pleasanton apparently grades laterally through sandy shale and shaly thin- bedded sandstones to heayy-bedded or massive sandstone that is locally accompanied by conglomerate and in many places rests on lower Pleasanton or even older rocks. That this sand- stone is of the same age as that occupying the Warrensburg and Moberly channels is within the bounds of possibility. THICKNESS. In Bates County the Pleasanton is more than 200 feet thick. Northeastward along the outcrop there is a steady thinning to Adair and Putnam counties, where it is about 100 to 125 feet thick. West of the outcrop, too, a thinning to the north has been noted in drill-records, so that in Buchanan, Clay, and Clinton counties the thickness is only 120 feet. Still farther north, however, in Nodaway, Harrison, Mercer, and Grundy counties, the formation again thickens to about 150 feet. Although the figures given are probably close to the average, there is con- siderable variation, even within comparatively small areas. SUBDIVISIONS. Although five subdivisions have been described and named in Kansas, the formation is too heterogeneous in most of Missouri to justify the naming and mapping of members. It is possible that more detailed work in Bates and Cass counties may reveal the equivalents of the members in Kansas, though they are certainly not persistent farther north, particularly in north- central Missouri, where the formation has been carefully examined. At the base of the formation, resting on the Pawnee limestone, many sections show red and green shale or clay, in places containing ferruginous concretions. Above this red shale there are one or two thin coal beds overlain by limestone in one or more thin beds. Both the limestones and the included PLEASANTON FORMATION. Wit shale are very fossiliferous and in Putnam, Sullivan, and Mercer counties may well be termed a Trepospira sphaerulata zone. The relations of this zone to the red and green shale are not known but there is some evidence of a slight local uncomformity. In Carroll, Livingston, Linn, and Adair counties there is a some- what thicker limestone that may be stratigraphically the equiva- lent of the Trepospira sphaerulata zone and is here tentatively correlated with the Altamont limestone of Kansas. Above this and below the Ovid coal (near the top of the Pleasanton) is an unconformity that has been noted in nearly all of the north- central counties. Sandstone that is probably of upper Pleasanton age rests on the shale above the limestone (Altamont?) or on lower beds, even on those stratigraphically 50 or 60 feet below the horizon of the top of the Cherokee shale. Directly beneath the sandstone there is in many places a thin coal bed with a black siaty shale roof and in others a conglomerate (Chariton conglomerate of Bain) which usually grades up into the sand- stone. The unconformity mentioned in the last paragraph may be wide-spread and closely connected with the channel fillings known as the Warrensburg and Moberly sandstones, which are dis- cussed in a separate chapter. REGIONAL VARIATION. Bates County.—In the greater part of the Pleasanton area of Bates County the base of the formation is well marked by the Mulberry coal, separated from the top member of the Hen- rietta (Pawnee limestone) by a few feet of clay. South of Osage River the Mulberry coal is overlain by shale having a maximum ' thickness of 65 feet, above which is a limestone that is perhaps the equivalent of the Altamont of Kansas. North of the Osage limestone lenses appear in the shale over the Mulberry coal, ~ as shown in the following drill record near Merwin (NE. 144 SE sec. 5, T. 41 N., R. 33 W). DRILLING NEAR MERWIN, BATES COUNTY. Number. Stratum. Thickness.| Depth. Ft. in. | Ft. in 1 SOM ss, FCS ole Oey ERE eee eee en cae 15 | 5 2 Clery Pesan Giyrenaceetere ie ices ht caste a cysteine 1D aes 5 | 20 BURRS anc EtOnO SOLU eta e eee Nice ee ee HE de 8 | 28 2,5 STRESS rs 2 ee Re a aR 16 | 44 78 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. DRILLING NEAR MERWIN, BATES COUNTY—Continued. | Number. Stratum. Thickness. Depth. Ft. in. Ft. in. 5 Shale black, sslatyios. ta ote vite over aelene acne evans 3 47 6 OUD y. yerehaia bes aie se ustedes fale "shan ote a haecGhiote Seer te RCE 9 56 7 TIME SLONEPSOLb 0,5 . ba oN “X GQivig ‘saiuqg ang ‘TITX "10A *AgunopD Apuniy ‘uojue1y, vou ‘Yn Ziq 4% oUOjspues UOJURSLO[ ‘SUNIJY ONY ADOTOGH FO AYANN wWoAOSsIpy 68 PLEASANTON FORMATION. 83 SECTION NORTHWEST OF WHEELING. Number. Stratum. | Thickness. | Feet. 1 PSALM SHOT Cretan cheater ne Rees evceco et oro etah otro: sueire eee neralle jaf liedeeeioey « 21 2 | SWloyioey, “ConnaRerel ana ts alg eeikn Glohnte a calcse oedic ab cco ee Dries Sisne ie ee eeeara 38 3 Shale dra bret cir ee “5 dott ote bnlo anne Ce ee ee 10 4 Limestone, blue, blocky, shaly at top (Altamont?)........ 2 5 Il SUES GEN ois alo cob eSehenee ae nee ct etoL a eho: cr ae Came a HONE aT cane Rena rae 16 BG || Choe ils FowGrsaek aie Saye Ne ee eR ee oes eae ces eee t 7 | SHWIO, CHEND, WO WIE: oo socencenorpuge0verneoegeoDubode 10 | The distance from the base of this section to the base of the Pleasanton could not be ascertained, but a short distance southeast (northeast corner section 23) the Mulberry(?) coal has been mined. Linn County.—On the ridges near Linneus and Bucklin the lower portion of the Pleasanton is represented by 20 feet or more of red and green argillaceous shale like that in Carroll County. In the northwestern part of Linn County the formation is thicker and includes the upper sandy portion. This is dis- cussed more fully under Sullivan County. Grundy County.—All of the Pleasanton outcrops in this county and is about 140 feet thick. The chief outcrops are near Spickard, Trenton, Brimson, and Laredo, sandstone being the most conspicuous constituent. At one place the base of the mound inthe NW. 4 sec. 32, T. 62 N., R. 25 W., red shale similar to that in Linn County is exposed. In the central and south- eastern portions of the county the Pleasanton unconformity is well marked, the lower part of the Pleasanton and all or a part of the Henrietta having been removed prior to the deposition of the sandstone, sandy shale, and coal of the upper part of the Pleasanton. Drilling in Trenton shows none of the Henrietta or upper limestones of the Cherokee, the Pleasanton resting directly on the Cherokee. At the Main Street bridge over Grand River the unconformity is plainly exposed, with a layer of conglomerate resting on the various beds of the Henrietta. Along Medicine Creek and south of Laredo, sandstone be- longing to the Pleasanton formation is underlain by a thin coal bed which rests on the Henrietta. The following section was measured west of the railroad in the SW. 1% sec. 23, T. 60 N., R. 23 W.: 84 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. SECTION OF PLEASANTON FORMATION SOUTH OF LAREDO. Number. Stratum. Thickness. Fl. in. 1 | Sandstone, brown, varying from thin-bedded to massive, CLOBB=DOC. GEG a 5 is wie ra ciseliasotiel «iin (aire colar allele fultst elle nitet allel aie sitet eid oO aleeceercrey oar oo _- 2 Concealed (top of Pleasanton), about......... Hi 2355 25 3 SIN eee LAG Ktygcgas uss enerraenotolchoicis tomer aay oot yalnucne eek es | 3 28 4 Coal (Ovid); reported thickness.............. | 2 6 30 6 5 WONCO ACA Mente won ania tener goed arash ase inet a taette mrad es Ye 40 6 6 MIDAS EOIN ras tai apeaete erat tele rentde niere Sacre sicher, Seca 42 82 6 7 Snitch Lem LAC Wy ate etats ce fericbsretetensiotes cree a cote oe cls: Oh caweray lise 1 83 6 8 Piate- sec iaby DAS 1 a.-Vaqsek. soaks stage ceetceidiele bales i, 3D 118 6 9 Limestone (top of Henrietta)................ — — 1Bain, H. F., Iowa Geol. Survey, vol. 5, pp. 394-398, 1895. 88 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Due east of Youngstown, on the road east of the Chariton, the following is exposed: SECTION EAST OF YOUNGSTOWN. Number. Stratum. Thickness. Fi. in, 1 Glacial drift tol toprotsnilll sees. eens ae I 16 2 Sandstone; at top brown or yellow and massive; shaly below 59 3 Shale; brown; containing coal in places................. .| 2 4 Shale; argillaceous;\ drab to) PUrpIe nami ake iiece eter aeter reer | 19 5 Sandstone, buff, micaceous. 0 0. cc ce nasi « vitae ereletienens | 8 6 Shale, argillaceous; white and green with red streaks and! ferruginoOus CONCLELIONS «5... careveteus. over clo etenepe Siareuer Recto 21 7 Himestone (top'of Henrietta) nse oe eee eee eee ———— No. 3 of this section is correlated with No. 7 of the section just preceding and is probably the equivalent of the coal below the Altamont(?) limestone of Sullivan and Livingston counties. A limestone in the Pleasanton of Adair County is shown in the following section near the two just given (east side sections 2arande2 6, ha G2eNes ReslOmWe): SECTION SOUTHEAST OF YOUNGSTOWN. Number. Stratum. Thickness. Feet. 1 Sandstone, yellow; thin-bedded and cross-bedded at top.. 35 2 Limestone, gray, arenaceous, blocky (Altamont?)......... a 3 Sandstone, shaly,; andsandy shale... <<... seh nee eee 15 4 Shale, blacksa few Inehes' 7. 220.005 eis min footie evan) nraiahatatan eee —_— 5 Shale, argillaceous; red, green, and white................; 45 6 Limestone’ (top of Elenrictta).. 0 0 0c « ee 01s ei ane ue ene — The limestone, No. 2, is also exposed in the gully south of the road in sec. 26, but farther west, down the hollow, it is absent and its place taken by 10 or 15 feet of conglomerate (Chariton? conglomerate of Bain) which grades up into the sandstone, Nos West of Chariton River, in the SE. 4 SW. \& sec. 36, T. 63 N., R. 17 W., the Pleasanton is exposed near water level on Billy’s Creek, where it rests on the Cherokee shale, apparently near the Lexington coal horizon. The section here is as fol- lows: PLEASANTON FORMATION. 89 SECTION SOUTHWEST OF NOVINGER. Number. Stratum. i Thickness. Ft. in 1 SANG SuONE MIN OLOMLM ANN cpa sen aie aetonseews ceeteredc la), ehiore sie cde ae. | 10 2 Sct] © MCLG lewaten ater fevetaraichemcwecencamicticnch eyeteleyeceitat olivtepf cuales) sust'e sperenay sis 3 3 Shale, black, slaty; containing large lens-shaped concretions; PAVELBEo OOOO OO GOD ORS OOOO NWO OWO ROO OHS Ue ooKOOe aU | 3 4 GTA ETA Vccme as teicizersect sesh coe aicies Seana seen eusu chs oage tse Sey checene de care torenep eds 2-12 5 COE 5 6.66% QO eilons. cree oD Saw arate G:o-c.cid Slo le oicka (io cet omioratoacrens 2-12 6 ClasymatLOMWia bOI pewter caer silane ster sas ucts tome totais ticcairele for eer vemte) « « ooeceseoors 21 6-13 Limestone, blue; tolerably fine-grained; perpendicu- larivejoimtbted:; weathers DrOWN: nec cots eens ee ecoieh no sma diac afepekohatet iets 108 18 Lane shale member: Limestone, shelly; in places arenaceous; fossiliferous) 107 1 Shale, blue and sandstone, buff, white or red........| 106-103 20-40 Limestone, ferruginous, hard, conglomeratic; fossil- ITALOUB actors ers ee oad ese Wladete: sanve™ede els Maw a 102 1 HEIs Orne O a0. Cho trcmo Cao) eee Caled Socata 5 101 3 Limestone (Farley bed), hard, ferruginous; 3 to 10 ft. Contains ALES, LOSSLLA a ous nso lerel ciel ere » eietostrelece 100 3 DNAS) AWAY vcore, slescieus c) stators (ee varle Rin A boca cieiisns 99 31 1Broadhead's section of the Lawrence shale is much confused owing to certain duplications. : MISSOURI GROUP. 115 GENERALIZED SECTION OF MISSOURI GROUP—Continued. Broad- | head’s Thickness. numbers. | Ft. in. Kansas City formation: Iola limestone member: Limestone, gray and buff; thin and irregularly bedded; FOBBETO Ura arin eat iyi is case ee Re ee Gee Ce 98 | 1-43 Chanute shale member: Shale, blue; argillaceous; has ochery concretions; fossiliferous; contains sandstone and thin coal bed in places..... OG 'S.0) e000 GuCLE RCL chino ChESCiO Oe Genta psu chelOreeesS Gaceb es 97 5-30 Limestone (Raytown bed), bluish-gray; contains large HORBIE..o 0 Go nlee a6.0 coe h Otic CHD he cin b CID oo OLEOG 96 Shalemplictandsblack Slatyr- ery. sis cst cy-we one cl etic 95 2 9 Sia ocanas OPER GS Shalit Sais, oO OEEECRO a Oro Ae cRonO aE cect orca rs 94 | 9 Sal ewtOssilifenO User ten. tes cheeses iw. corieishsiepeuere eenedsue le,rers ts 93 } 1 i Limestone, even bed; fossiliferous.................. 92 1 1 Shale, blue, buff and reddish; in places sandy....... 91 5-15 Limestone (Cement City bed), drab. .%............ 90 9 Shale; bilweland olivier 6.5 seuss ee wes rae ORs be atirs Cae A 89 5 (SHE. Joneial pats Msavorolble Nn alg 5m a moc bo. 6 Oo cioIeLd neon a 88 2 Drum limestone member: Limestone, bluish-drab, irregularly bedded.......... 87b 3 Limestone, oolitic; very fossiliferous................ 87a 2-18 Cherryvale shale member: SONS code wo cards oben me cos Done ea Oe n noo Deda 86 15 mimiestone; blue; fOssuIferOUS wo Oat Ostet OMNIS ARO UD ee OT Gacaa conic! DIGI ate) thleepesecue caer 85b — Winterset limestone member: Limestone, dark blue; black chert in upper 4 ft. ‘‘Chert esl OMreetedte cs hoeag i-}-e eve eh vce baisd otros oR AEA erenel taiehan eee ae 85a 12-16 me em LEC SE LLG: ccs sian trader rateBewa. vtagensl ans cevareoa, tive fe ads wis jeke te — 4-5 immestone, drab); fine-grained... :...4..+.26c05-s0cs one 84 3-8 STAC te fore ic 2 deo ota OL DIDIOe DINO Diptera care Bauineo ie, neerseee asec d — % BA ITMPOR OTTO stat ctes: nal utpepeets fates fees soensps io let a wdens. alias Seesaw weeeaeemanat s — 2 STN) 66-21 O Ge OGIO. Chon eee Gees ne Chae ater eT COREE RCC ACN REE —_ 1 To miaaefS(iomas), OMG) Ke) Chien oo Ap MoD oouUeobodooboHn ous 83 3-5 124 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. GENERALIZED SECTION OF THE KANSAS CITY FORMATION AT KANSAS CIT Y—Continued. Broad- Stratum. . head's Thickness. number. Feet. Winterset limestone member—Continued. Bhal@,(DlUWe . 2:5 Syesschysic sense sve ism Sua ein, epee ee ee eee — % Timestone:...vicjo0.S hc tee <0 8, epee ace Re ee ee 82 1 Galesburg shale member: Shale; ‘yellow, ochery: <.-4-,c vies es Riches ei eee ae 1 Shale, ‘DlWe. 5c ssn is Sessa eras ae ake ee eto et rea eee ee 81c. 2 Shale; ‘bituminousy, 20< ie trate ata ae tele = ee det ete eee tra 81b 1 Shale) argillaccous. .7.2-7 LA) Soa gooaceacagcs cag MosoLooKDGRE 1 6 10 hale sandy, and SANGSLODE!S ois cie-ic.c/+ cc velco 6.0 ss) acs Sic clei 19 11 Limestone, impure; nodular; rough; weathering shows interbedded shale (Cement City)..................... 1G) 12 WO CLO aed DOLL bpuseeme ere scleacteeteie cin wocte dn. esclarslie cia 6 ye ofentis pe cneray 25 13 Limestone, gray, massive; sub-oolitic (Drum)............ 1 2 14 Covered to bed of branch near Crooked River............ The limestone correlated with the Iola in this section is probably the lower part of that member, as it develops a rather persistent shale parting near the base in this region, as shown in the section near Holt, Clay County. The Chanute shale is much more arenaceous in the upper portion than it is farther south and contains a thin coalseam. Six inches is the maximum thickness of coal known and this is probably a local thickening. The black shale usually found below the Raytown bed is poorly developed here but at its horizon are small round concretions. The Drum limestone is poorly exposed at this place and is probably of greater thickness than given in the section. Carroll County——The Kansas City formation is represented in Carroll County by the three basal limestones and the inter- bedded shales in the northwestern corner of the county and in the Blue Mound region in the north central part. These areas are table lands, rather even on top, standing 100-200 feet above the surrounding country. GENERALIZED SECTION IN THE BLUE MOUND REGION. Number. Stratum. Thickness. Feet. 1 Limestone, gray; composed largely of Fusu- lina’; MObISCCN IN DlACely. se lee eveve ce she ens (Winterset) — 2 Limestone, gray, thin-bedded............, ‘ &é 8 134 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. GENERALIZED SECTION IN THE BLUE MOUND REGION—Continued. Number. Stratum. Thickness. Feet. 3 Shale, blue; argillaceous, and black bituminous (Gales- oie ae ooo oto, MOO omoooconoouoone aga saa co headin sh 8 Limestone, gray (Bethany Falls) ...*..........sccecencees 10 5 Interval with sandy shale and firm sandstone in lower two-thirds CEaAd Ore) ioc n= che els! aietenas nial alaltsel'slaate/aiatel=ieielainelie 20-28 6 Limestone, gray; weathering brown (Hertha)............. 4% It is safe to assume that the upper part of No. 5 contains black shale and a thin bed of limestone above the shale and sand- stone. The latter is very resistant and quartzitic in places. The Ladore shale has here thickened here quite perceptibly. The upper layer of the Bethany Falls weathers to a brown, porous material in many of the outcrops in this region. The lower layers show the thin-bedded oolitic phase of this lime- stone. Buchanan and Clinton counties—The Iola and Chanute members of the Kansas City formation outcrop near the south- eastern and northeastern corners of Clinton County but are concealed in most of it and in all of Buchanan County by higher formations. The records of borings at Lathrop,! Cameron, Stewartsville, and Saxton, Mo., and Atchison, Kans., show the character of the formation in these counties to be similar to that of other counties lying south and east. Caldwell County.—The greater part of the county is under- lain by the Missouri group, which is represented by both the Kan- sas City and Lansing formations. The latter is found in the northwest corner and along the western edge of the county. In the vicinity of Braymer the escarpment formed by the three lower limestones of the Kansas City, is well developed as shown by the profile of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway. Braymer, below the escarpment has an altitude of 755 feet, while Cowsgill, west of the escarpment, is 960 feet above sea level. In the railroad cut two miles east of Cowgill, 12-14 feet of the Winterset limestone is exposed. It is here a thinly bedded, finely crystalline, gray limestone. The main ledge of the Bethany Falls is 1114 feet thick. Over most of its outcrop it has the 1For Lathrop record, see Hinds, Henry, The coal deposits of Mlssouri: Mis- souri Bureau of Geology and Mines, vol. 11, 2d series, pp. 156-157, 1912. KANSAS CITY FORMATION. 135 mottled texture that is present at the pve locality and at Missouri City. The following is a section ionine the succession at the quarry of the Breckenridge Stone Company north of Brecken- ridge!: SECTION IN QUARRY OF BRECKENRIDGE STONE COMPANY NORTH OF BRECKENRIDGE. Number. Stratum. Thickness. Ft. in. 1 IRyeyel Gher Saye ono Gonoao pe neon cocoon e oD bo DOOD eObooUoS 2 2 Limestone, gray, thin, irregularly bedded; contains specks of calcite and fossils; very little iron.................. 6 3 SIA. HU. coocggeoopeed ae sonnedendcnodonpecopoon noes 1 4 SinenS, Wiss, orinewonivn wise 6 sooodancudcanseucduuHooDUGUOED 1 6 5 SWMalS. jollvinsin, Cirsnileweosowisi, Gonos omeccoococnocoocuuRGooOD 2 6 6 Limestone, gray, heavily bedded; somewhat shelly on surface; upper portion of the ledge shows small specks of iron oxide which gives the stone a slightly brownish color; center of the ledge has an oolitic texture........ 17 7 SACHS, sapelonwmDasiOUMe oc opocoocoesbcounUo PC oOcHeLeccuroES 6 8 Thais. SHIOIMS, SERS .o o oo oo Uo oOo oOOOOd OO CMON GES UD Ho Dud one 10 9 Shale, blue to dark; non-arenaceous; grades into the bed WELOWo.ou agoo oes oun botooDE OO RDO on OOOO Ob AC MODI 1 6 10 Sita) GA SSUS Up UNA OUS le elon cnc arel s cietal ah eae cele chielich elle ieuetetie ausitere= 1 6 11 Limestone, bluish-black; probably contains considerable HR 39.4 6.628 0.g eA ood & Beare Fado c-S U'e Ono CoG 0 Oo Orie e Gee Uo OOO ced 10 12 Shale, bluish; of a non-arenaceous nature................ 12 47 2 Numbers 9-12 are included in the Ladore shale; numbers 6-8 are the Bethany Falls limestone; 3-5 the Galesburg shale; and 2 is the lower part of the Winterset limestone. The parting at the base of the Bethany Falls is characteristic of this limestone in much of its outcrop in the north-central counties of the State. The higher beds of the county are exposed in the north- western part. At the quarry north of the Burlington Railroad east of the Caldwell-DeKalb county line, are: 1Buehler, H. A., Lime and cement resources of Missouri: Missouri Bureau Geology and Mines, vol. 6, 2d ser., p. 108, 1907. 136 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. SECTION NORTH OF BURLINGTON RAILROAD NEAR THE CALD- ‘WELL-DEKALB COUNTY LINE. Number. Stratum. | Thickness. Ft. in. 1 | Shale; calcareous) a Mass On fossils. .s. sey etele cypeie sielersien tare 2 2 | Limestone, gray, TOsistanty. 160% <0.) viele) aiele ele ave wisiy ole rieie lanai 1 3 Shale, clayey at bottom; black, bituminous at top......... aL 4 4 Shale, buff; brittle; calcareous; grades into No. 5.......... 2 5 | Timestone, buf: shaly and: sandy. . oo m\cictetsvenciessianslcrersiane ies 4 6 Shale and nodular impure limestone..........0ce2eeeeees 1 9 fs | Limestone; in bed of branch; irregular; very uneven on 18) eR RCRA coat Pa choc Gm Se me Os bee to ses 2 8 Nos. 1 and 2 agree faunally with Nos. 12 and 13 of the Winston, Daviess County section, and are to be correlated with the Iola limestone. They probably represent only the lower layer of this member as exposed in northern Clay and Ray counties. One-fourth mile to the north and at a slightly higher level the following section was measured: SECTION ONE-FOURTH MILE NORTH OF BURLINGTON RAILROAD NEAR CALDWELL—DEKALB COUNTY LINE. Number. Stratum. Thickness. Ft. in. 1 ToiMMOSTOME, MAUI. A nieroyete teste rane’, ol chetelers io; siehelpicexata calelia hatch nininiaeateae 1 4 2 Gimestone, thin, irregular beds; shaly-s <.... 0 << ese viel > «errs ieie 2 3 Shale, with thin, irregular limestones. ................-:. 1 3 4 | Limestone; thin, irregular, and with unevenly bedded shales 2 4 5 | Shale, drab, argillaceous...........-.---0+ +s sees een eeee 5 6 6 Shale* black} slaty e o.05 ros Rrenel sw ctine ove ta cates tee akon epee ner 1 5 The last section dips strongly to the south and underlies the preceding section. The Nos. 1-4 of the last section con- stitute the Raytown bed of the Chanute shale member, and the black shale below is Broadhead’s number 95. Numbers 5-7 of the first section may also be the Raytown bed but if so Broadhead’s number 97, 13 feet thick a few miles north, has thinned to 33 feet at this place. It is more likely that the limestones below the Iola in the first section are merely local lenses in the upper layer (number 97) of the Chanute shale. The core drilling at Cameron shows the following at this horizon; KANSAS CITY FORMATION. 137 PART OF LOG OF CORE DRILLING AT CAMERON. Number. Stratum. Thickness. Feet. 1 SOG, CHCETEOUS: ooadoasoeodsoaoosbccuneaodoomodagoodS 4 2 IMMACTHOMOs 6 5'-cop boo Deo OOOO ee Oe DOO OOO BOO ODS DOU COS 4 3 Wal THON. ctro6 a ha Foe Oe ood OO A Oe Oa e AOS Otome aceon ata) 4 aL OME CL Varre meprcn eh ox hint ieiseeeviny Sconce were rashes «remot tre er ssesecs Buisdeees awelie 4 5 SMD, o og dasa od dona Ooo ON OS CR ed Doe Sy chee SO a het Clo Orne 4 6 Sie. lolol. ENTS ooo Boose ooo Onbe noo bile Ae oO oe doe 2 From this it appears that the Iola member and the Raytown bed of the Chanute member form but one limestone near Cameron. Livingston County—The Kansas City formation occurs on the south edge of this county as a northern extension of the Blue Mound of Carroll County, in the southwest corner as a continua- tion of the ridge between Mud Creek and the “Low Gap”’ area, on the divide between Shoal Creek and Grand River, in the northwestern portion on the divide between the two forks of Grand River, and in a small area northwest of Wheeling. With the exception of the latter locality, the basal limestones of the group form a well-marked escarpment, in places nearly 200 feet high. It is also possible that outliers of the Hertha lime- stone may occur on the higher ridges in the northeastern part of the county but the presence of the drift makes it impossible to determine this. The Drum limestone is probably the highest member of the formation represented in the county and occurs only in the extreme northwest corner. (See Grundy County.) BROADHEAD’S GENERALIZED SECTION OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY. Number. : Stratum. Thickness. Ft. in. 1 Limestone, nodular and fine-grained; marble bed (No. 84).. 2 6 2 Limestone, bluish; irregular layers............. (No. 83) | 3 3 SMALey Diit wan QuliMeESbONe):, otc sash act ats siete suse Te | 2 4 imestone;evien layers! (ONION ‘8:2))0 6 oe ere cue sce o clets cuelel clic 1s cue 9 5 Sil Sm UNO Sil areuensyetensvete teat enelel ls geneweceasweyotes nate) csc tay theyal sion sqonshate 1 9 6 Soren ep lominvuaciracorisy (ENO tule) Sercoig paren Aap Ciaican Cle eye ce Oren 2 7 Limestone, nodular (No. 80)...... Bethany Falls lime- 3 8 Limestone, oolitic (No. 79)........ stone, locally called 8 5 (2) Ib sbanejsyonaey (GNC) 74) oo Uicin.clo eae ooo “cotton rock” 10 10 SHADE, LOPS (GENOR (eo oon G06 Coco min Oo O.ckeD et olcun ior Polder 5 11° Slams. loulribhaaweVoniss (Axor VRE) 6 Ook oped Omni D ond onan Con 1 6 12 ESE ORE a ONO iO)tatatere, sacar seie nha Riess iatags es tit seer an seis eka wae 10 13 SHAly BlOVENCNOV Lio) level eta. cr eiars\cheneiehs.s sis al Sil stud. cera sesi /aiel a "oles 10 14 Limestone, ferruginous (NO. 74).....ccccccrccccercevces 7 - 138 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. In a cut on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad in the northeast corner of section 22, T. 57 N., R. 25 W., is: SECTION ONE AND ONE-HALF MILES EAST OF MOORESVILLE. ] | Number. Stratum. | Thickness. | Ft. in. 1 Limestone, sbalyi sc. Sercicjare © ate eke wie wiley Ovotobatese = ore tala retatetat tae 3-4 2 Limestone, gray, thin-bedded, sub-oolitic...............- | 6 3 SHAS S 5 syclere Sistas ecalloye ewan one he ee UG alas ta tases yn ge tints eke aren het ee | 1 8 4 | DaMeESTONE, BTBV ie we Pate sat aha) o Ne tn lolly ww et eliunns Me pak enn O ne hemaiaae aie 10 5 Shal6; ‘ar pillAceOusicls Srers mo love, speed ee a Se ) 2 6 6 Shale, black, fissile; bituminous... -... ~~ <<) smiles el | 1 3 7 Limestone; NOGUIAMs vc cc 12 0:<1 oslo) sete ale apaie) 3 steals teeelteetanerate 3-6 8 Shale to bottom of tremehe coo cere mie wie sierra ae nea 1 Numbers 1-4 are the Bethany Falls limestone, the re- mainder the Ladore shale. The parting near the base of the Bethany Falls is a constant feature in this part of the State. West of Utica (W. 1% NE. ¥ sec. 14, T. 57 N., R. 25 W.), Broadhead took the following section: SECTION ON SOUTH BLUFF OF GRAND RIVER, TWO MILES WEST OF UTICA. qed Stratum. | Thickness. Ft. in 1 | Limestone, irregularly bedded. ....--5..--2-2s.ceseweswue | 3 2 Shale, olive and Grab orcs. e ccs 6 cr se min lele nls 2) chehaln aiataias | th 6 3 Shales DiGumMiInO ws oye. cos coo, Hteieters a cera ate, wel wm lane scape ieee en 1 4-'|\ Shale ‘dark: clayey. < 3c. 2 os Uae ee oe hee ee ee ee 1 5 | oimestone, NOGUlan,., .:).05.eieps-c le 6) oe ein wwe elayran pi e[eh emia 6 6 TsiMOEKtONE, LEAVY. OOUTIC. — 5S ote te wraiel ene seen cag ina one leo 3 7 Limestone, oolitic, even layer. .........-2.cceeceereresene | 1 5 8 Limestone, oolitic..........- Pe ie Po oS 2 | at Ee 9 Tiimestone” Colitio’.< . i= 0 -: © wie elie ole = ce wie) sl met ne ee ene | 2 6 Numbers 5-9 are included in the Bethany Falls; 3-4, the Gales- burg shale; and 1, the lower part of the Winterset. The Ladore shale varies from 25 to 30 feet in thickness. In the Blue Mound area and at Spring Hill, a resistant, almost quartzitic, ripple-marked sandstone is found in the lower half of this shale. In secs. 22 and 23, T. 58 N., R. 23 W., the Hertha, Bethany Falls, and Winterset limestones and intervening shales are seen dipping beneath a branch. At this place the Hertha is divided by several partings. The Bethany Falls is the same as in the sections given above. The following is a section of the Winterset limestone and Galesburg shale: ‘ 7 = )-= KANSAS CITY FORMATION. 139 SECTION NEAR HALLOWEEN STORE. Number.| Stratum. Thickness. At tn 1 Limestone; thin wavy beds, with buff shaly partings, cherty; divided into three beds by partings............ 15+ 2 Shale, light, argillaceous; grading into next below......... 2 3 Shales black. fissile: bituminous). = 22 le wis ee ss kole ere 2 4 Limestone; wavy on lower surface..............-...0000- 3—5 5 SNe GChezilo-, utilis. o cog Mowe Ce oCoN Oo Moo ae eA OOD 5 Linn County.—The Missouri group may be present in the high ridges in the northern part of this county. It outcrops in the southern part of Sullivan, not far north of the Linn County line. The Hertha and Bethany Falls limestones may also be represented by two limestones near Woodland Mills in sec. 14, T. 57, N., R. 21 W. The limestone correlated with the Hertha is five feet thick, and nearby are fragments of a limestone resembling the Bethany Falls. Holt and Andrew counties.—No outcrops of the Kansas City formation occur in either of these counties, the stratigraphy being known only from the deep drillings in Holt County at Forest City (see p. 215) and Oregon. DeKalb County.—Outcrops of the Kansas City formation are confined to the lower course of Grindstone Creek near where it passes out of the county. The following section was measured near Weatherby in a ravine north of the Rock Island Railroad (center of the SE. 4, NW. ¥, sec. 25, T. 59 N., R. 30 W.): SECTION NEAR WEATHERBY. Number. Stratum. Thickness. Ft, in. 1 Limestone, gray and shale; very calcareous; nodular; fossiliferous (Raytown bed)............0eee2ceeeee og 2 2 Sia loaner aC COUB aa spcisietoheNoteh nee omenchehchchatck-teheheficl cic shoal st Fele) = 9 3 Shale, black, slaty, bituminous (No. 95)................. 1 4 HimMestome ss no cil ar aGNiO. 92) pec. . eastite-tehaksecstaltetsderecheuy sis slleie ss 4 5 PLL DILGURRooeccpeien shetiey che t-bench moucteh sich sa cnopenopckcasnehneteinpeie ic. ctisictarellevoveue | 12 6 Limestone; nearly white; uneven at top... | 1 r4s 7 Limestone, nodular, and buff, and buff) (Cement City) Cileeneo i) SNEWS 6 Seed oo odintoo pou on S 2 6 8 Sees by Stiononnabloold no HOD RD EDO S TOE SUL DODD Dn ObBDE Cor 2 2 9 Shale, argillaceous; tinged with red in places............. 6 6 10 Limestone, buff and cream-colored (Drum).............. 3 140 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. The following section taken in Daviess County, in the center of sec. 19, T. 59 N., R. 29 W., on the south side of the creek, shows the character of the lowest beds found in the county: SECTION ABOUT A MILE EAST OF WEATHERBY, IN DAVIESS COUNTY. Number.) Stratum. Thickness. Ft. in 1 Shale, with thin regular layers of limestone............... 8 2 Wb eae oh ee VES Ogos Gaon oe 2 3 Shale; blue; clayey. ssh sciences (Broadhead’s 85d) 1 2 4 | Limestone, nodular s..2..0 5.0 wc a on 4 The whole section is in the Cherryvale shale. Daviess County.—With the exception of the flood-plain of Grand River, the entire surface of this county is underlain by the Missouri group, which is represented by both the Kansas City and Lansing formations. The lowest members occur along Grand River. Buehler! gives a section along the railroad track east of Gallatin, which in substance is as follows: SECTION NEAR GALLATIN. Number. Stratum. Thickness. Fl. in. 1 Limestone, gray, fossiliferous; weathered shelly along the | CPORE OL TIALS «oy aos aie o fats w.0) alte mal inva ms alee meee eae 6 2 Limestone, gray, fossiliferous; rather thinly-bedded; show- ing occasional small nodules of black chert............. 3 6 3 Mhale BONG ..)sjess s < saiv © viwie’eis vn seis > aisle siaieia aa ite enn / 2 4 Limestone, gray; irregularly bedded; fossiliferous; showing | numerous specks and irregular markings of calcite...... 8 5 spree ielss VETS Fe Ses Shea Go oso ouoseacoosaeessooy: : / 1 3 6 \Shale, black 5.22 5 ae iw oa sarge atone oe ee Lo 5G 7 Shale; SLOWS. sos epole clears s/o roles 10].s/ie)e/alaial ale ea) imei aeiene sie enero 5 8 Limestone, gray; nodules of disintegrated limestone....... 5 9 Limestone, gray; weathered to buff along joints; upper | portion somewhat mottled (Bethany Falls)............ 9 6 10) |(SWAIG. 5 aes pe oS cee ps Mowe coe tee. sre oe oe enn ee 2 11 | LAMORGONE). os, a's, gw e!<) oe wi clade byca bie tect when 'seiraket nica) kee einer 5 12 Shale, DIWIER=Cray 0 s/s ee aim 6)» opel ele clean le eteretal= eee 6 13 | CEAII@RLONO ss fsa elevals ao etle eran a jaie) avetainrn alte unre tale colds skate Siemans eta 8 14 Shale, lower portion black; carbonaceous; upper portion BTA CO-DUGE fs is ale 6 claw 615.100 brerepediele sic ane een 4 6 15 Limestone, gray, heavy bed, fossiliferous................. 1 2 16 brcsie Bie Ula mia were! (oye .8 Seip tee ie aaa are hye we Re oro oa ars hela / 3 ‘Buehler, H. A., Lime and cement resources of Missouri: Missouri Bureau of Geology and Mines, vol. 6, 2nd series, pp. 125-126, 1907. a KANSAS CITY FORMATION. 141 Numbers 14-16 are included in the Ladore shale; 8-13 in the Bethany Falls limestone; 5-7 in the Galesburg shale, and 1-4 in the Winterset limestone. Broadhead gives a section at Gallatin; this section, slightly modified, is as follows: SECTION AT GALLATIN (BROADHEAD’S SECTION 120). Number.| Stratum. Thickness. | Fl. in. 1 SCMS WS IN TOD ono cgoHs sbOodN Rn eOo OER OOOODOGODDOnOanS 35 2 iIMeRTONE | COALBCfOrEU SUM OMBie eo) ae at
  • 10 + } The numbers given are Broadhead’s own designation of the beds. Nos. 13-20 compose the Winterset; 10-12 the Cherryvale shale; 8-9, the Drum limestone; and 1-8, the Chanute shale; No. 6 is Broadhead’s No. 90, the Cement City bed. No. 8 would probably show purple shale if exposed. The section shows a close corre- spondence to that east of Jamesport in Grundy County. From Gallatin to the west county line, there are outcrops of the Kansas City formation along Grand River. The Bethany Falls dips below that stream southwest of Pattonsburg. 142 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. A section taken northwest of Pattonsburg (NW. % sec. 14, T. 61 N., R. 29 -W., from Big Creek to wagon road to west) is as follows: SECTION NORTHWEST OF PATTONSBURG. Number.| Stratum. Thickness. Fl. in 1 Limestone; nodular, impure, coarse- and fine-grained...... 1 6 2 |) Shale, very calcareous. oc... % «vise» «)njeteieic elise»! eiviel» alinielaiette 5 6 3 | Shale, drab, mottled with purple; argillaceous; thinly | LamiMabeGss ietetanenens | 3 11 | Shale, with thin even beds of limestone; total thickness} evenly divided between shale and limestone............ | 10 12 | Limestone, dark-gray; in several layers. .......ceeeeceees 2 13) .|"Covered (Shale)! <= /:0 a ss ecne ca ciet oe a eee ee 2 14 |) Limestone) shelly-s. oe) nia eiqum a iefoe oi eiers © lets ha: Siete i sie ket etree 2 15 St heat er IIE cing OOO DSO O OPA oe = GAtoa Go S206 | 4 16 WAS EON GisyeasverehekchaeieuaKekeneNeken acpi TAS po eee 4 17 TIMEEtONeS), DlUSHTOSiIShAr trey orale raya sieraiel el elalsisetsetate laaetetelnerens 8-10 18 Limestone, nodular; two layers with shaly parting........ 10 19 bimestone, shally, ‘and shaler © i.e ete cielane is wevetere elaieteesnenanen 4 20 Laimestone; swith) Musume ee ois ae ore en) wie) eifnin (= pilnlinslielaie ieee 2 21 Limestone, thin-bedded; cherty; with buff, wavy partings, 18 22 Covered to water in, Big Creeks an 6 ces vie ietete chen tints wae 3. Numbers 20 and 21 are Broadhead’s numbers 83-85a, the Winter- set limestone, and 14-17 are his number 85d at the base of the Cherryvale. Number 12 is a lens like those quite common at this horizon in the northern part of the State. Numbers 8-9-10-11 are Broadhead’s No. 86, the thin alternating beds of shale and limestone being the characteristic part of this shale and out- cropping over the surrounding country wherever the horizon is exposed. Numbers 4-7 represent the Drum, and No. 1, Broad- head’s number 90, the Cement City limestone bed. The section is continued in a hollow north of the track about 414 miles northwest of Pattonsburg: EE ———— a ee KANSAS CITY FORMATION. 143 SECTION FOUR AND ONE-HALF MILES NORTHWEST OF PATTONS- BURG. Number. Stratum. Thickness. Ft. in. 1 Soil, with fragments of weathered chert.................. —- — 2 SAM 5 papa pons doDsos Saber deOode Oooo Oe Gens oe eine —_—- — 3 Limestone, gray; fossiliferous; impure................... 4 4 Slagle, lols chrsillereyonitis ooo claccogsgcbuossouoc dau on coud 5 30 5 Limestone, blue; shelly; fucoidal; thin-bedded............ 2 6 Limestone; even layer, like above....................-.. 7 7 Shale, dark; argillaceous; grading into next below......... 3 8 Shale, black; fissile; bituminous. --...........55.2s+e5eee- 3 9 Sines), Garde cans amsilla@eows. 5caccdcunndaccacsboousdos | 6 10 limestone, very nodular................-....--.-...-- | 8-12 11 Strep OMMD LLL Obese Pr ea epat ie teye sare Susntcrsieterciensitis tenis eoein ioe Loe | deat Number 10 is correlated with Broadhead’s number 92; No. 9 with numbers 93 and 94; 8 with number 95; 5-6 with number 96; and 3 with number 100, the Farley limestone bed. It will be noted that the Iola has entirely disappeared here. The section closely resembles those at Gentryville and Bethany, Mo. Owing to the numerous fine exposures on Grindstone Creek drainage, in the vicinity of Winston, a very complete section was obtained there. The Kansas City formation is rather low topographically. The generalized section is as follows: GENERALIZED SECTION IN THE VICINITY OF WINSTON. Number. Stratum. Thickness. Ft. in. 1 Shale, calcareous, nodular; full of fossils........ | 1 6 _ 5 (No. 98) 2 Limestone, gray, MASSIVE. . 2... es ene eee naw 1 3 Shale; calcareous at top; blue and argillaceous at bottom... 12 4 Limestone; with shaly partings............... 2 5 Shale, with calcareous nodules................- 3 6 Limestone; thin nodular layers with interbedded eo EID) ANNES 5 ogosccetoconoOnnooDdadconnoooOa0ooD 2 7 Shale vareillaceOustyarctw: «i lays) e) oles eleven «ie. 1-4 6 SNaleowmsanaiys (ake Ole Villas) i easr-uemeyioms tence re ter syne elles eater 2 7 MiMeEsSLONe mth SH al ycaven owen n- ue ercctsheenstere iets cus) ahve (lala) olsiiarre 3 8 Iba, WIUNWO>6 dodgoo cocade apace een aes DooOno OOOO oS Gomme | 3 9 PiImMestOnenDliLe, LESISvAT bre pe a) tse a) eile «) is eileoe) «el nliose sel'e) = 1 2 10 SMBs secs cecedococoddeonoooConcocmaoEMOOD SoD eDoK ene 3 11 Limestone, shaly (base of Plattsburg)..............-++-. } 1 6 12 Shale -and sandstone; becomes more arenaceous toward bottom; locally contains a thin limestone (Farley) near THONIGIGNKS) (ILENE) oe agooceonboocagoososeobercooUHoODsONOEs 50 13 MAME ASR CO Lys OFM ALI OM aise ke cus. Sunie oiay Sess pene lellecep auc tel scene emece —_—_- — In the northwestern corner of the county the tops of the highest hills show fragments of a brown, porous, arenaceous material which is thought to be weathered chert from the Plattsburg limestone. It resembles the tripoli of Newton County, Mo., in texture though not in color. Its stratigraphic relations have never been clearly ascertained. North of Pattons- burg (sec. 21, T. 61 N., R. 29 W.) the fragments were found 50 feet above the Drum limestone. Northwest, along the Wabash Railroad tracks, the fragments were 30 feet above the Raytown limestone bed. About four miles northwest of Pattonsburg the following section was taken south of the tracks: SECTION FOUR MILES NORTHWEST OF PATTONSBURG. Number. Stratum. Thickness. Ft. in. 1 Shale wbirieDciL tle Sam dys kercsalat yatta erste teheveo ence shes venels eracs obs 1 2 Shale, dark blue; argillaceous at base; lighter and arenaceous toward top; one foot from top is a thin layer of sand- FE ONTO eg te teva nereey on eecel net tot ePaper ecto alana a latwjiaievelieretee\e soe. ........... 15 2°” | Limestone, blues .<.. 5 f...c.aica ta mantaveemye tee eee 1 3 Shale, drab. 55/205 v-siee cle eae eee ae 9 4 | Limestone, gray; thin-bedded; fine-grained; top of each | layer covered with what appear to be worm burrows.... 13 5 Slope with, outcrop of black shale... . 0. eco eel wee eer 10 6 Limestone, gray, weathers buff; fine-grained; slope with) fragments of brittle, buff, calcareous shale............. | 3 Number 4 is probably to be correlated with the Stanton and No. 6 with the Plattsburg. The two following sections are both in the Lane shale, below the Plattsburg limestone: SECTION AT NORTHEAST CORNER OF SEC. 30, T. 62 N., R. 30 W. Number. Stratum. Thickness. 1 Slope with fragments of buff, calcareous shale and weathered porous masses of calcareous sandstone...............-. 2 Shale, drab, sandy, micaceous: 2.5 5 =< kraere > aslo eee 3 Limestone, gray, fossiliferous; thickens to four feet 50 feet Be BHOMU GEN, 5 a oases calor G SS corer = yor wt mie leer eee a 4 Shela weses eh ao Re wh ewe Ss ie wie ys ee 5 Limestone; gray, fossiliferous.....< < i5.% 5s cles ea © 6 biclale sis a's = 6 Shale, bright blue...... o10 99 sl & wer a here, vipte inane £4. Share: gee ere DOUGLAS FORMATION. 169 SECTION SOUTH OF CREEK ON EAST SIDE OF SEC. 18, T. 62 N., R. 30 W. Number Stratum. Thickness. Fl. in 1 himiestones eray, tOSsilifenOUsic ote sterere!ereur ee eee) eieichs cue see che 6 2 Steeler aly mrdeeckareusresebe rect tere ws eeteonseetel pale pekeliaien eatriat sriatate cane oul | 2 6 2 Shale, buff, calcareous, brittle, micaceous................ | 4 4 Shale, calcareous; grades into above...........2..+-2++:- 2 5 Limestone; two thin layers with interbedded shale........ 1 2 6 Shale, blue to dark; with two very thin layers of lime- BLOMON reper tee wagsetcuenei use oven ehtehetenseehene cies ue ones weneeareiene sue cua 7 8 No outcrops could be found on Grand River near Darlington, probably because a deeply buried preglacial channel exists at that place. Harrison County—Broadhead reports an outcrop of the Plattsburg limestone in the northeastern corner of the county, but the writer failed to find it. It is probable that the whole thickness of the Lansing formation occurs in the western part of the county but is covered by drift. In the section south of Bethany (page 151) the upper bed may be the Plattsburg. It resembles the rock doubtfully referred to the Plattsburg in Daviess and Gentry counties. DOUGLAS FORMATION. CHARACTERISTICS. The Douglas is essentially a shale and sandstone forma- tion, though the Oread member at the top is one of the thickest limestones in the Pennsylvanian. The variation in thickness is shown by the following measurements: Ie COMMUN. oo ooo Ube D OOo EOD OO IDM 300 feet. HOTESt City Grillin ye vey. 2 coe syedeesde) cos ledsyiseret sila) oie) c 21 Omen Maryville drilling....... Ab56}0 CORO CO MOOS 238) “* EXO RIM Sori sept vais she ehccelsvers/ cite) «vee cp steve ete 200 “* The strata below the Oread member are rather irregular because of the lenticular nature of the limestones and the presence, in certain localities, of basin or channel-like sandstone deposits seemingly unconformable at the base. Coal has been found at two or more horizons, at one of which is the thickest coal bed in the Missouri group. The stratigraphy, on the whole, bears a close resemblance to that of the Cherokee shale and Pleasanton formation. 170 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. MEMBERS. Weston shale member.—The basal member of the Douglas is the Weston shale, which is argillaceous in most places and varies from 60 to 100 feet in thickness. Its soft nature causes the overlying Iatan limestone to form an escarpmant where not concealed by glacial drift. Iatan limestone member.—The Iatan member is a dark to light gray, mottled limestone with large red blotches in places on the weathered surface. The most usual mode of weathering gives it a corrugated appearance. It appears as a thin and irregu- larly bedded or massive limestone. The thickness of the Iatan varies from 2 to 22 feet, but, except in two areas, it is present at its horizon both in outcrops and drillings. The Forest City drilling indicates that it was never deposited in that region and in southern Platte County it appears to have been removed by erosion preceding unconformity. Lawrence shale member.—The Lawrence shale consists of 130 to 200 feet of shale and sandstone with two or three coal seams and a limestone, the Amazonia limestone bed, which in places attains a thickness of 16 feet. The thinning of the Law- rence shale is from south to north as is the case with most of the other thick shale members. The upper 10 to 20 feet contain in practically all outcrops and drill records a prominent bed of red shale. The Amazonia bed is 25 to 100 feet below the top of the Law- rence, the interval decreasing at a fairly regular rate from south to north along Missouri River. Above the Amazonia the Law- rence is prevailingly arenaceous and below argillaceous, but this does not hold true in all sections. The shale above the Amazonia contains a coal seam and another is found 10 to 20 feet from the base of the Lawrence, but both are non-persistent. The latter is overlain by an impure, very fossiliferous limestone, and under- lain, in many places, by red and blue shale. The channel sandstone which outcrops in southern Platte and southwestern Clay counties is an unconformable bed that appears to be of Lawrence age. This sandstone is the highest indurated formation in most of its area of outcrop but its age seems to be fairly well established. Drillings at Valley Falls and Atchison, Kans.!, show the sandstone to be overlain by the ‘Haworth, E., Special report on oil and gas: Kansas Univ. Geol. Survey, vol. 9, plates CII and CVI, 1908. OLT “eNYseN Jeu 9UOJSOWIT UOJQURIG UO Suyysou oyvsowo[su0g 9 -y “Sy TAX Whvig ‘sarm9g ang ‘TITX “TOA ‘SUNIJ GNV ADOTOTH 40 OVaUAG IAOSSTIAT DOUGLAS FORMATION. 7 Oread limestone and there is little doubt but that it passes below the Oread escarpment at Leavenworth, Kans., all of which occurrences indicate its age to be Lawrence. In much of its outcrop it replaees the two lower members of the Douglas. It is described more fully below. Oread limestone-member.—The Oread limestone consists of four beds of limestone separated by three beds of shale. The lower limestone is of a blue or gray color, 3 to 8 feet thick, weathering buff or gray. Above it is 10 to 20 feet of blue or drab, sandy shale or red clay. The middle limestone is a dense, dark-gray, even-bedded rock, in one or two layers, jointed perpendicularly, and about two feet thick. The shale above is about five feet thick and is usually, in part, black and slaty. The upper limestone varies from 17 to 35 feet in thickness, is thin-bedded, contains cherty layeis, and has buff, wavy, shaly partings. It is characterized by the abundance of Fusulina. Above the upper limestone, and commonly separated from it by a thin film to 14 feet (average about three feet) of blue or gray clay shale, is the so-called ““Waverly flagging,” consisting of three feet or more of gray, somewhat oOlitic limestone with a splintery fracture. The Oread limestone forms one of the best marked escarpments of the Pennsylvanian, where not covered by thick glacial drift. REGIONAL VARIATION AND DETAILED SECTIONS, Platte and Clay counties—The entire thickness of the Douglas formation is exposed in Platte County. North of the latitude of East Leavenworth the base of the formation is the Weston shale, overlain by the Iatan limestone. South of East Leavenworth the horizon of the formation is represented by a channel sandstone, of Lawrence age, and its accompanying conglomerate. This deposit extends from Missouri River across Platte County and four miles into Clay County, forming the divide between the Platte and Missouri rivers. North of its outcrop no trace of it could be found; farther south, it has been removed by erosion, if ever deposited. It has a maximum thickness of nearly one hundred feet and is accompanied locally by a basal conglomerate composed mainly of fragments of lime- stone in a calcareous cement. It is unconformable on the underlying rocks. In places the sandstone and the locally developed basal conglomerate have been found resting on some part of the Stanton limestone, well below the top of that 172 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. ae member; in others only the upper part of the Weston shale had been removed before the deposition of the sandstone. In most of Platte and Clay counties the sandstone rests on the upper layer of the Stanton limestone. Near the contact with the underlying limestone there are, locally, concretionary forms of white, vitreous, calcareous sand- stone and bands of material containing much siderite. Coal has also been found near the base. The main body of the sand- stone varies from a massive to a thin-bedded structure, con- tains beds of clay shale, is cross-bedded, and has ripple marks. The best outcrops of the basal conglomerate are at East Leavenworth, north of the store, where it is eight and one-half feet thick, and in the northern part of sec. 31, T. 52. N., R. 32 W., where it is about five feet thick. It is cross-bedded in both places. The best outcrop of the coal accompanying the sandstone was seen near the southwest corner of sec. 36, T. 52 N., R. 34 W., where the following section was measured: SECTION SOUTHEAST OF FARLEY. Number. Stratum. Thickness. | Fl. in. 1 | SANGBLONE | ie sec: oes eres aisiisde im ote aefele tee ae eee) elicitekate tate ae i—- — 2 | Shale, arenaceous; with thin layers of sandstone.......... irae tt 3 Coal, POOL. 6 cis: a: «cso, aioe, 010 fo m1 8a] wal olution tsliatns alcaltal a sian em a ee Ss 4 | Shale, black, bituminous; grades into next below.......... | 10 5 Shale; Grab <5 .ccays sisis wejere cian palaye lara ohels Was) olen arnt aces ele 4 6 6 | Sandstone, calcareous; firmly cemented................:. 6-11 7 | Shale, drab, clayey. ......-. 2s eee eee cree eee reece eee 18 2 COVereds ADOUWLG >, c\ cos :0.0lavala-e\a/e1a'(s 01a valiai «fel el olaicele alo: Saker aldpes ante 35 3 Limestone, buff, shaly (lower limestone of Oread member)... 3 4 WOvercG) AOU LE sre c15 215 wore eielainl= (eel ehar shen ateyel wielars lel ale te lele tehessety 60 5 Limestone, gray, even-bedded, fine-grained (Amazonia).... 3 8 6 Shale; blue, Ola yOys-. 06 ‘eiicve afare sted e alee e vteleroinere te ni pie ie renee _-_ _— The shale above the Amazonia is sandy in most outcrops and that below clayey. Between Rushville and St. Joseph the Amazonia is about 100 feet below the upper limestone of the Oread member. The rise in the strata above Rushville exposes the following section in the NW. 4 sec. 5, T. 55 N., R. 36 W.: DOUGLAS FORMATION. 175 SECTION NORTHEAST OF RUSHVILLE. Number. Stratum. Thickness. Ft. in. 1 Limestone (No. 143) (lower limestone of Oread member)..| — — 2 Covered; slope and shale...............seceeees So mee,vod 40 3 COs gostei Ao edbogue oo awedeo.0 0005 b00 Deo bdo digoc- cps oee 5 4 Shale, blue; with occasional layers of micaceous sand- MIME, ogacocuooDeoaoHDOUD OOD SOOM CD DY OHOODDOROoODSDD 10 5 Sandstone, blue; usually firmly cemented but shaly in places) 5 6 | SAPs ccosedaocvoocmopsovcootcsonsaccuccpvadandooage O08 6 7 Limestone, gray, even-bedded (Amazonia).............--. 5 8 SMA, (tie CERTERZ. 4G a:4-ou. 6 DO MO.O. 6 G0 Gp om doo. Uio.o-o Up ule a 7 9 Covered bomb Op bomcpver-werscneney net ielteien erent suet) ctet-roned-tenaitet sl -I==i- 40 The ravine in the northeastern corner of sec. 1, T. 55 N., R. 37 W., shows: SECTION ON BLUFF, EAST OF HALUL’S STATION. Number. Stratum. Thickness. Tay, Vide 1 Limestone, buff; thin-bedded; cherty; wavy partings (upper limestone of Oread member).........--.22eesscreeces 12 2 Shale; black and bituminous in lower part; blue and argil- | IACIOUP TM MODES soos ooooonp Ooo gao DDD oO oOOdOODdaODOOCD 5 10 3 Limestone, gray massive, (middle limestone of Oread mem- IDE) oon ooo dbsondccoosondoOOnDOOOoCUOUDO ODD aOODODDBOS 1 9 4 COVGHCl. oso e5nnan coo boob Dd OOD DOs Ord UnODeOODODOOdO4oES 25 6 5 Limestone, buff (lower limestone of Oread member)....... 7 6 Sie, WhiGscroocognacopocodno Vos cocbocoU ooo oEsCns0006 8 7 COVEHEGs pono bondoddcoOOKUOnODbOCOod oO oundpooDDlDoGoBS 57 8 Limestone, gray, even-bedded (Amazonia)............... 5 One-half mile north of this place the Amazonia is seven feet thick, the upper two feet shaly, the lower five feet thin and evenly bedded, and the whole weathering buff. The section at Atchison, Kans.,! is inserted here to show the relation of the coal worked near Atchison to that on the Mis- souri side of the river. It also shows the beds above the Oread which occur in the southern part of Buchanan County but are not well exposed. The correlations in parentheses are the writer’s: 1Kneer, E. B., A geologic section from Atchison to Barnes, etc.: Kansas Univ. Geol. Survey, vol. 1, pp. 140-141, 1896. 176 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. SECTION AT ATCHISON, KANSAS. Number. | Stratum. Thickness. | Fl. in 1 AD Jah rt Sie Gah SO OREO PACHA IG OM ao. cts Scanto pass } 50-60 2 PERS ERERIO crovoye et orchco) aires alins's’oiays svsi/a oie feltelie Papen et eualcateet iene tee eae ne eae }—-—_— 3 Eimestone; weathered -.o-.) oi. cpeleiertala reorient) ate | 2 4 (eit AICO ICO Toi ceca iia Se nS A es | 2 5 A Dy Wes (=i- 10) \- EEO OMI Mo FOR OOnOs rc cea ogc aoe sss 2 6 Shale, black, slipperys.. cc.) 4-8 13 BAO ae e 5 sone: Seaptheeys aie whe. o)= Wie -eyvue mi eve rae ¥n se ere nies eee ee 4-10 14 Sandstone; runs into shale in places and is common in all DEES 55,Shis 5.0.5: ata e'atiocc alot vue lor eh ene Tetevs) ous inie st OR netA ten eneaeae 6 15 Shale; use extensively for the manufacture of vitrified | Le) ge) EO ate Bee Ice ary Qe een SOOO: giskic cme 20-25 16 | Limestone, hard compact; broken at regular intervals into | large monoliths, very similar to No. 22 in appearance. . 2 17 | Shale (base of Shawnee formation)... .0...0-.. 1 5 6 LiMestOne, ECA seo) s ck: sisyeraletee ces he witar were os Pe fe ehateve tei Cerone 9 7 Shale, blue and blue-black; argillaceous.................. 2 1 8 Limestone; 2 or 3 lenticular layers with interbedded shale. .| 1 4 9 Shale; blue,argillaceoOus .:.0.%, = wceicn. «ims alate etaners.waeetenerie ene eee 1 7 10 Limestone, blue; weathers salmon-colored.................. 1 2 11 Shale, blue; weathers buff; calcareous nodules.............. 2 6 12 Limestone, buff (base of Topeka); 16inchesto............. 1 9 13 | Shale, brown calcareous (top of Calhoun)................. 2 6 14 LATMESTOMG,.)0. 6 4c abate 'e slahirale tai '6 c/erk Wales age Syenet ats etal eae, cee 4-6 15” |\Shale, dandy. occ slid oe fatale, ve eate wre 7 16 SANGKCOMEC woe be wc -Ote.cie see okey tence u's pale ie gs Rare ence 1 6 Lh SAMGHVONIOS:! - fo Safe foreiens nvata lalate o ala xen le halal er Nn oa ee 3 18 PS ie OBL ae Soraya ke: claie: 0.005 0 0 Ri eae te, en Se Rane ee 9 19 Sandstone a. 6) ace oiviei, elete 6 ice oie en ele a NO elaete ake oe Suet ai fe 2 3 20 Shale; ‘blue; arPulaoeouss 5 << osceic sxe sen inte winia Shp a etel euerel aerial 1 4 21 Timestone; HAMGYs oraty eucis vistas sofa yan Mules May iC Fee ote 1 2 22 Shale, brown,........+. Vd etare’ 5) yhin Craw om xian crank het wel 2 eS WABAUNSEE FORMATION. SECTION AT FOREST CIT Y—Continued. 189 Number. Stratum. Thickness. Fl. in. 23 Sate b lacks DLLLMMOUSi yp aiseeie eievtelsteleieel ovale cieicues tire eis i= 1 24 WINES TON Or eTA YASH = DIC) werweveoucleecnene tameiier = fon= sees) crea chev sclenaeetes ac 1 25 Sales SFA VAS DAIS eaaleiar aca sccuets teal oheneie =. treieletegs sieceueuen dais ws 1 26 MMT eSLONeG werayish Olen teas cee ee bek-esiiste ieten sl «)i=ia eltey ch eirs isive fe a2) 0 6 27 SRO odoe + 6qb cb c6boine COU EAS Goon woe oto bio ble pcm 3 28 ibmoa@sironaer fudenalstalolls onos em ococouGaeaccoudc agen OdooG 2 3 29 COVELCORLO MW ic bCletmiChEG kere eyeeteedal otetenainivael aia ielatar ero) halen ale 10 The concealed interval is about the normal thickness to the top of the Deer Creek limestone as shown in Broadhead’s Forest City section (revised and corrected by the writer): BROADHEAD’S SECTION NEAR FOREST CITY. Broad- Stratum. head’s Thickness. numbers Limestone, brown, shaly; at base is a 4-inch grayish-blue Fl. in. layer of carbonate of lime and iron (top of Howard).. 220 1 SES. oo otodocandbosansosbecdodooso coo DocodcodunOor 219 4 Limestone, ash-blue; silicious and pyritiferous (base of Meme Ob i epeteueteresckeletstisiicroteve: a (ol ty aianele (o..ce¥ate/ aishera) ofetaveuselevetta 218 1 6 Sandstone (CS DIOH SSVI) teWer peti ed chameiater ovcheie eyerc lake crelesensuers 217 10-16 Shale, bituminous; absent in places, maximum.......... 216 2 6 CUS, SETIGIT 6 Goi Gra Boca HeIOICRG OCRCT oD CHORE RRC RERER CIC e CREME ee ete asa — 2 Kerry MUM Chetnyiet Va) net ovatietie’- cits) ire) alia iaieu=bsliete las olevanscs1s.aveve Son va leer 215 4 Pe MONE DIILE sy CLAY OY is. ccless-ccis-cyele se wece. acts se sserauc «csve mie ee 214 2 RAT PLO ESAT) Civic aireuel cttsrraira |x) sh cliscsasvens jai siie ai wvaus se orsis Snebellehe gia ie Sok, ers 214 2 Shaly slope; shale at bottom.......................... — 25 Limestone; shaly and nodular (top of Topeka).......... 210 3 Shale, with brown, concretionary nodules of limestone. . 210 1 6 imestone, rough, concretionary.......-c.ccecssesencs 210 10 ES AN MCAT othe aie are) elie vce la: aa ieh-2, sive) op eVahe hat aps wee aiciege-ceele a 210 10 mimestone, blue, even-bedded.... 2.0.66 56 lee cee ee wees 209 10 S LENE. UUWEE= © eek oe Gig ate ene ea CRO CEPR MeI orayciciete peecoa! & Dramas 207 2 PRREEFE STO TIC» NLU G21 5 vaca a oie)ca tae wTaueeve aie) Sirona: anbiis 6 Dik weie a olela Dieaee 206 1 1 Raipll Oememeeeee en eetrat Velicts wfen-ce veta Te eral sh ayrene.ctereisucrial ete eusienaleyayied'-s! ote 205 10 Limestone, ash-blue, weathers brown..................- 199 1 6 tlourelOw, PLAY StLCAEB. «cen «cw ee we ce la ncedee sees — pA ANC) Limestone, brown (base of Topeka) .............-.0005 197 1 6 Shale, yellow; bands of bituminous shale in the lower part COTO TAC AlN OUM) corcisNevewewstice:ciancie oe anvee oy are ermitanerehar a apres 196 iG BS RPEESE ONT Cerca) lravact ve to'ray-ei.0i casts uetereasiie towevee renanatieca eeSie a steueue, syenaters 193 2 6 te shONes STA VISN=D1IWS:. oie oie .les (o1/d ose o,/s.= oem wreysvsyalensis ers « 192 a 6 DLS. o oe geOe COURS DETROES Cr eee On orcas cua 191 5 Limestone, gray; abounds in many fine univalves........ 190 64 SLEUD. (RUC oT GRE Ere Rone CENCE CRE NERC CnC NE EE aeersererh ieee 189 3 6 Limestone, deep-blue, even layer...........+eeeeeeeees = 4 Shale, blue; at the base of this and resting on No. 186 is a calcareous stratum (base of Calhoun)............ = 8 PRES ST OOM (1). COL) (CKEOK) «(oe ci sjcicievave-s cic s-esvevle alae eek eck coun 186 = = 190 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Broadhead’s number 217, which he called a sandstone, is a slightly arenaceous limestone about 80 per cent of which is composed of Ostracod shells. The upper limit of the Topeka limestone is well defined at Forest City, being the top of Broadhead’s number 210, but there is some question as to its lower limit. Tentatively, this is drawn at the base of Broadhead’s number 197, including a total thickness of about 20 feet. The Topeka limestone may include, however, his numbers, 190-1-2. If Broadhead’s number 197 is considered the base of the Topeka limestone, the Calhoun shale is about 26 feet thick. His numbers 211 and 212 are lenticular and are not represented at Forest City. The following is a section at Iowa Point, Kans. (Broad- head): BROADHEAD’S SECTION AT IOWA POINT, KANS. | Broad- Number. Stratum. head’s | Thickness. numbers. | Ft. in 1 Shale, brown, calcareous; contains many fossils —= 1 6 2 Limestone, brown; with Fusulina............. 210 1 3 Sales PLOW sate raiaia eid < tal ciaiohsinincal tel oteee —_ 3 & .)| Limestone, concretionany <<. <7. oc eens lene =e 209 10 5 Shale; sDlUCS} DIGUMUNOUB ane ic scnelciete cle cieleiere ether al 207 2 6 6 Gimestone; 1We:7) 7 scrapers Aer-nevaiensvenel revelers aotaeamens 206 1 7 SEI H NI Cprgemos Use TOebeeoacrosecebecginc: | 201—203 4 8 | EP OSTOME, SLA Viensy =, etescuare tare > sacvay aval tieka eemenemens } 199 1 2 9 Shale, blue above, brown below...........--- 198 4 10 Limestone, blue, nodular, shaly............... 197 6 11 | Shale; brown, calesreous.~ 22. - cei. ee lee > = 196 2 12 | Limestone, blue, nodular, shaly..............- —_—- 6 13 | Shale, olive and blue; a few thin coal laminae..| 193-195 8 14 | Limestone, bluish-gray, nodular...........--. 1 6 SY | Salo MNO wwe) exec suas c a usdele etetoierere keke haat tee caer | 192 2 16 Limestone, bluish-gray; weathers brown...».... | 3 6 17% * | Shalecolive:. rave. ee eee ee ee 191 9 18. ||) oimiestone, ‘bluish-grays i... «so-so eee * 190 6 19 | SHAG, -Dlue s,s, dyoisis Sys soars aie device: « aoetor sual syecs weer — 2 20; ||| Slope, ‘shaly.. 4.c.-.4a,« 5. ee eee ee oo 7 21 sim OBLONG. [ype ah sie; -e ars Tea, «SS ale duatey ahatneed es ane 186 6 = — = ——e Number 21 is the Deer Creek limestone; Nos. 11-20, the Calhoun shale; and Nos. 1-10, the Topeka limestone. Atchison and Nodaway counties.—Owing to the heavy cover- ing of glacial drift, outcrops are rare in these counties and are confined to the bluffs of the larger streams. All outcrops of hard rock belong to the Shawnee and Wabaunsee formations. WABAUNSEE FORMATION. 191 Atchison County has the distinction of having the highest, or youngest Pennsylvanian strata in the State. The lowest member known to outcrop is the Tecumseh shale. The following section taken in the SE.144 SE.14 sec. 4, T. 64 N., R. 33 W., is referred to the Tecumseh shale: SECTION NORTH OF RAVENWOOD. | Number. Stratum. | Thickness. Ft. in. 1 Shale, drab; red at top; argillaceous..................... 10+ 2 COB; CCOPondondcondtececodpAd dno coro onbonoUuaDeonouOS 1—4 3 Shale; drab; clayey and sandy; with layers of hard cal- eareous sandstone; bedding very irregular.............. s+ The Deer Creek limestone is exposed along 102 River, especially north of Barnard and at intervals along Platte River. The following section was taken near Ravenwood in the SW.14 SW. 4 sec. 6, T. 64 N., R. 33 W.: SECTION NEAR RAVENWOOD. Number. Stratum. Thickness. INE, Pi0s 1 Limestone, gray; weathers buff; thick to thin beds; wavy- bedded and cherty in lower part, more even and non- cherty above; weathers to fragments size of hand...... 5 2 Shale, drab, argillaceous; with streak of black shale near DEEOo od dagen oontbocedehocpessoodsor oH anda Do oboono eas 10 3 Limestone, gray, thin-bedded; somewhat argillaceous; with Aa Gag Welw, sadcasaocdocoeooecaoods one cdasus 6 Across the wagon road to the east, No. 1 of the previous section is much better exposed. A detailed measurement is as follows: UPPER PART OF DEER CREEK LIMESTONE MEMBER NEAR RAVENWOOD. Number. Stratum. Thickness. Ft. 2 3 a n Recht eE we ton rontans Limestone, gray; even-bedded; non-cherty.............. IMONOHOU 5 opooc HOD oUCoocCOnet Oooo ooncckbpno hon cones TPAC 5 sooo he boomo CAD ph OT Or Oc COs Oop Eee Ss eo anode MiMESDOME SUC yews cuam et eueel oveia erica cnceteen Ua sustencutcuis: stray tate fate faite: tane Iba KONG IIS) INO); Wea tanh oemooumocoooa Fame oo do ooo lbnmanesixore, tis BIER. bo oo oc oD COO hone odo bb Oodo oor Limestone, gray, wavy-bedded, cherty................... MVE SELON ITC UN Oxy cata atahetet= encasisucueneiais ere rersieie) «sveraieresatata oahe OoOmANoaurwWwne alles 192 The limestone lentils in the Calhoun shale (numbers 190- 192) were not seen in Nodaway County, but may be represented in the following section taken on Dog Creek, one-half mile above STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. its mouth (Broadhead): BROADHEAD'S SECTION HALF-MILE ABOVE MOUTH OF DOG CREEK. Number.| Stratum. | Thickness. Fit. in 1 =) (0) 9) PEI OOD OOO CIO DO DOIG. Coc tite Herd > OS SS safe —_- — 2 Loose fossils overlying next below...........e2--eeeeeeees _- Bi | Limestone, blue; weathers brown.......--.seseccceerces 1 4 4 [STO POix es cife, ofeiel ee velcliszo eubsel sve lelseehalnisle:-sleleia/= nicer na 7 5 Shale, browm (base of Calhoun) \ o> cis eres) -.> seat eee 2 6 Limestone, irregularly bedded (Deer Creek).............. 7 } The following section was taken by Broadhead on Creek, in the NW. 4% NW. %, sec. 26, T. 62 N., R. 33 W.: BROADHEAD'S SECTION ON DOG CREEK. Broad- Number.| Stratum. head's Thickness. | | numbers. Fl. in 1 spy el ys in Ao Oe crots SO eC hb Oe Cdr net etoes cD co — —_- — 2 SUCH GCiniqinigd 0 SDS WON DOOUUSU JOO ane Te one S 4 210 1 3 limestones aAsh-DiIMe se aie impas ia) ateie ieoleireietelet sie ieienene 209 5 4 Shale, upper half a dark olive and calcareous, . JopgrbbachheQoyb tay eCc}lo Neer) Bug HOU ceo OIG chee a oscn 207 ype le | 5 Limestone, blue; interior of the fossils is crystal- ° MIZEG*CALCI EO so eer eteteie el at ele) eiieliet ss ellacislsietallnlavalteyetaiete — 10 6 Shale, olive and blue; somewhat sandy........ — 4 7 Shale and nodular limestone. ........0000.-08 | — 2 8 Limestone, gray, coarse, sub-oolitic........... 201 7 9 Shale, nodular, CalcareOusnrsie ce) syelee seers ere 200 6 10 Limestone, ash-colored, coarse, shaly.........- | 199 6 ntl HALO; OliVe Whew. clercicieleraleluietotele e]vie, cre reieinre lin tevaanee — / 1 1 12 Limestone, dull, deep ash-blue; weathers drab. . — | 13 Shale; dark-blue, calcareous.......... ateharm Serene 196 7 14 Limestone, bluish-gray, uneven bed; contains calcite veins and specks, and zine blende.... — 9 15 Shale, dark, sandy, micaceous....... at retae pebaiiite — 9 16 GORY Tc weaa wciista nye acm) pure ate (ey me alla Gals tee — 1% to 27/5 17 Sandstone, black; even layers; regularly lami- nated; slightly calcareous.........- 66 aye le ier er —_— 5 18 CIS, /SEUGY Kine nic bio. 0, 0\0 0,020.0 016 svar ater siete iet a onmereiete 193 | 8 19 Fire clay, blue; 3 feet exposed; said to be 6 or 7 | POStMPHIG KE picts sus, ape cw ne wan oe es ee ales wawieaiys — 3 Number 14 of this section and all above are to be included in the Topeka limestone; below that, in the Calhoun shale. Dog ee. WABAUNSEE FORMATION. 193 The following section, modified from that of the Broad- head, includes a detailed description of the Topeka limestone; the section was measured near the present site of Skidmore (GaCs Bs Wo GB Iles 1s Sd7/\We))e BROADHEAD’S SECTION NEAR SKIDMORE. Broad- Number. Stratum. head’s Thickness. numbers. Ft. in. 1 Limestone, deep-blue; compact; in even 6- to LO-inehwlayiensmu-esetekeraeemeicier-ieleniev-iaelehsteney stersea| 212 2 2 lnimestones deep) aSh=DIWer ce) ave) ele ea) sin ete slab meer | 211 6 3 Shale, buff, and fossiliferous limestone nodules.. | 210 4 4 Limestone, blue; abundantly fossiliferous;| brachiopods are generally replaced by calcite. 209 10 5 Shale, blue, calcareous; fossiliferous........... — 1 6 Saga, Oleic Seas oo os acomsoadouodesgeansad — 1 7 Shales ayrkapo Ie micwe ccust-aerstane ce aceveneterarersneterorshe (ices — 9 8 Sihaletbplackerslatiygee ac, cncucene votre ove ews inia rene usuauens — 5 9 Shale molliv.eryeycnavenucreccetereesiaie erste cevelieaesavepe eucdensy «oa — 3 10 Limestone, deep-blue; contains many fossils; interior of fossils replaced by calcite........ = 10 11 NS Wales DROW OGNET Yes st ai ete saeiei tcl ened oye ieheten anata 4 ANC ao. ao oie 5 (aia Seu vraka me nesta nO neo erete te bea re 1 UB bark-Sirol sl VelomeagS rit. ote Ns SUS oe ao 3 PSR CICMOPOIOIGLG CLA DIhGOI Das os aoane aan 1 TALIM SBLONC S522, '0 5 /steps ies: Vacs Poche nee nenene Ee Mind ate 2% BBO 0556 isis ference covets nes Scene Voneac ne ek Ronee 2% TiMOEShONES s/o) co eyo, oiler caso ay nliod aetna ete ee 5% Shale oa a aS. ces ata wile «mo cree oe 4 LIMOStONe). (: uni aia 7 11 Shale, "blue; argillaceous’ (WG: AUB) as a aucates wee wn oot 1 12 Slope nsHal ¥ 25, «-atstvelateres cre eye arevasisvereheber ath aia shares sires se teeta 3 13 Shale, Gari, DUC rg ce stasis © Glass a cy ais ois elie, nie et en ae 2 14 Limestones, blue, compact (top of Topeka).............. 2 ———— URUTQING ‘oTVYS ATOAOY BUIATVAO OUOJSOUT] PAVMOTT POL ‘TIXX Givig ‘sariag ang ‘TITX “LOA ‘SUNITA ONY ADOTOUYH TO AVANNG 1WOOSstpy WABAUNSEE FORMATION. 195 Above the Howard limestone is a terrane which has prob- ably been the subject of more discussion than any other part of the Missouri group, including as it does the Nebraska City section. As shown in the next section, the lower part of the Scranton shale, which is next above the Howard limestone, consists of about one hundred feet of poorly consolidated shale which preglacial erosion has largely removed from the region along Missouri River. BROADHEAD’S GENERALIZED SECTION ABOVE THE HOWARD LIMESTONE MEMBER. Broad- Stratum. head's Thickness. numbers. Fl. in Limestone, shelly, porous, ferruginous.................. 224 4 Shale; septaria occur near upper part................<. 223 36 SERBS. C4 & O50 GOO DED COTES toc Onn DICRCREREDCHE: CICRC REE GAEDE Lara 222 1 6 DEN cal CE A esti eee ederie [Stise ats) cliefiay ci abies wish cv exareuttanay ec cre elouaes 221 48 In his Nodaway County report he says there are 100 feet of shale between number 224 and the Nodaway coal. Number 224, “closely resembling the buff limestone over the coal at Rulo and the mouth of the Big Nemaha in Nebraska”’ caps what Broadhead thought to be the highest rocks in Nodaway County. Between this and the base of his Atchison County section he estimated a thickness of 40 or 50 feet to intervene. The section at Elmo, Nodaway County, near the center of sec. 28, T. 66 N., R. 37 W., measured as follows: SECTION NEAR ELMO. Number. Stratum. Thickness. Feet. 1 Na Swern ayes DIN GLY. eile ese stirs wee cia; on sie 0), auge]ietaa, sean balm ieee is ene orc 2 2 Limestone, gray; shaly at top; loose nodules at bottom..... 1 3 Share erayaseree tere aicns ci sucteweus ol otatene erations tel snciccciar tar sutasys o sacuas 1 4 (Chor Nl tong voesubaroyolsy, (Ubon) 5 ols peaiceo ceo one bean OD te Oe eros 1 5 Shale, with thin layer of clay at top... 2.5... ...-yecceces 13 6 Limestone, salmon-colored; argillaceous, nodular at bottom 2 Number 1 is the lower part of No. 27 of the Atchison County section; No. 2 is No. 28 of the Atchison County section; and No. 6 is number 224 of the Missouri River section. 196 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. The Elmo coal also outcrops northwest of Burlington Junction (City Bluffs of Broadhead) with its characteristic irregular cap rock. It is probably the equivalent of the Silver Lake coal of Kansas which is about 120 feet above the Osage or Topeka coal. In Kansas it has an irregular cap rock as in Missouri. For the present it will be called the Elmo coal. SECTION NEAR MILTON. | Number. Stratum. Thickness. Ft. in. 1 Limestone fragments; not im place........2..........s.6. —_—- — 2 SHENG SS Foo dopor obo Gdoo OS OCC dos oor AaSgo soto sss 20 3 Limestone, gray, very shaly (No. 28 of Atchison County PHO iG Anis OOCO SHDN eH OD One Sea Oe oA ay Aone Seba 1 4 Covered, yellow, ochery, sand at top..........e.ss.s-s0. 2 5 THIMESTONE | PIO Wer a ge sal oll al eal eae so eal a es 6 6 Shale, yellow, ocherous, sandy (horizon of Elmo coal)..... —_-_ — Along Missouri River the lowest member of Broadhead’s Atchison County section is exposed near where the line between secs. 34 and 35, T. 63 N., R. 40 W., crosses the bluffs. At that place shaly limestone, No. 28, outcrops, underlain by a foot of light shale and that in turn by black shale and coal, according to Mr. Fisher on whose farm this outcrop is located. Concerning the stratigraphy along Missouri River above this point there is little to be added to Broadhead’s Atchison County section, given in the generalized section of the Missouri group and here repeated for convenience in Broadhead’s wording, the correlations in parentheses being the writer’s. ATCHISON COUNTY SECTION. No. 1.—250 feet bluff. 2.—Drift; thickness unknown, beneath the bluff. 3.—5 feet red shales. 4.—Sandstone and shales; sandstone at top, upper three feet irregularly- bedded and micaceous, green; below, 8 or 10 feet soft brown; then 35 feet shales and sandstone at bottom. 5.—10 inches drab limestone; weathers brown. 6.—3 feet 2 inches shaly limestone, containing fossils. 7.—1 foot 4 inches blue, concretionary limestone, traversed by cale-spar veins. : 8.—2 inches sandy shale or dark brown clay. 9.—2 inches impure coal and shale, two to three inches. 10.—Ochery, sandy shale. 11.— 22 feet sandy shale. 12.—1 foot 6 inches dark blue, shaly limestone (top of Tarkio). 13.—1 foot 6 inches red and green shale; with nodules of limestone. WABAUNSEE FORMATION. 197 14:—4 feet limestone, upper part nodular; weathers brown; abounds in Fusulina. 15.—28 feet blue and drab, argillaceous shale (top of Scranton). 16.—2 feet limestone, bluish-drab. 17.—10 inches blue, fossiliferous shale. 18.—2 feet 6 inches hard sandstone. 19.—3 feet soft sandstone. 20.—10 inches calcareous sandstone; springs abound at the base. 21.—6 feet blue, argillaceous shale, 6 feet to 13 feet. 22.—-1 foot tolerably fine-grained, blue limestone, perpendicularly jointed; weathers brown. 23.—1 foot 3 inches shale. 24.—10 inches buff, ochery, decomposing limestone; jointed perpendicularly. 25.—2 feet buff and olive shale. 26.—2 feet red shale. 27.—30 feet clay and sandy shale, and concretionary layers of sandy iron- stone. 28.—Shelly limestone. Near Corning (center sec. 18, T. 63 N., R. 40 W.) a well is said to have penetrated coal at a depth of 80 feet and another bed (probably the Nodaway) at 180 feet. From nearby outcrops it is estimated that the Scranton shale is here about 195 feet thick. The following section was taken in the NE. 4 sec. 22, T. 64 N., R. 41 W. on the farm of Mr. John Whitham: SECTION SOUTHEAST OF LANGDON. | Broad- Number. Stratum. head’s Thickness. | numbers } } | | Ft. in. 1 AASHTO s Gee $e Bab we eee le a Ree 5 i 2 al Syn lave ker watonstnus sparse ec can edonevskauedliaiaon eVatiel age stan 6 | = 9 3 THM SSLO NS ageu: Nay shay teary me, Mert leis seston ats 7 17-19 4 SSIES) Ging oh Rien OLLEkG bud DE AES ose onchcne riche reacts | 8 6 5 Coals GNiyman)),tyc.c se. tle sehen Wasi e cieqeenie ere euotene ees 3) 8 6 MOT Aare nae akal aiias cgers) =) nilsyails spe aco Ses) os carey ages sraay ec eo ee | — 2 7 (QUO GIETe lig Aoeerro mncye: OE Ghee epee CrCn cin oF PENG Phcacte eee | 11 18 8 Mimestone dark: DLCs eye sie sss min crete | 12 1 6 9 Clay, red, non-laminated.......... | crane 13 1 6 10 Limestone, brown, massive........ 14 3 6 al Shale; blue: (topiof Scranton)... 2... 225... 6...- «| | 4 8 12 Slope covered with shale at bottom........... 15 22 The shale bed at the base of this section (Broadhead’s number 15) decreases to 12 feet near the State line, but that between the Tarkio limestone and the Nyman coal increases about 10 feet in the same distance. The Tarkio limestone dips under the bottoms near the south line of sec. 20, T. 65 N., R. 41 W. The following section outcrops at this place: 198 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. SECTION WEST OF ROCKPORT ON BLUFF OF MISSOURI RIVER. Broad- Number.) Stratum. head's | numbers. 1 Calceareous sandstones 2... cs occ si mele a's =e — 2 Sandstone, shaly sandstone, and very micaceous shale; in places black with biotite.......... Ad 3 Limestone, impure, fossiliferous.............. Do Gsnt 4 Shale, carbonaceous in places (Nyman coal - aXe doh i) trier oreo ruercmiGricin Ce chp fc 8, 9 5 Shale; sandy, micaceouss. 2. cy./-lo. -raperuseree eile 11 6 Limestone, very concretionary and DID UL Os careteteteyehetshcenen chet icrenateiere relens ; —_— 7 Shale with calcareous concretions... re 2 13 8 Limestone, brown, with Fusulina... 14 Thickness. Above the cap rock of the Nyman coal there appears to be little regularity in the section, which consists chiefly of sand- stone and shale. There are, however, one or two thin layers of calcareous sandstone or sandy limestone that seem to be fairly persistent 15 to 30 feet above the Nyman cap rock. One of these lies at the top of the section west of Rockport and one or both of them appear in the sections measured by Broadhead at Hall’s Bridge, a few miles south of the State line, and at the State line. BROADHEAD’S SECTION AT HALL’S BRIDGE (MODIFIED). Number. Stratum. Thickness. Feet. 1 Limestone, hard, sandy and ferruginous; fracture shows a dull lead-blue color; weathers brownish.............. 1 2 Sandstone, greenish-drab, fine-grained; slightly micaceous; irregularly, DEOGGEG «<5: wrzesase ars iayo eyolodess fo nyse be fous eee ene 3 3 Limestone, brown and greenish, very coarse-grained and tough; sandy and micaceous. «<<. cnn smn oles ele eee 1p 4 Sandstone, brown.and buff; soft... 2.35 Jen cts w eclule Ge ates ee 4 5 Shale; upper half sandy; lower half argillaceous........... 16 6 Shale; with nodules of brown and ferruginous limestone (Nyman. cap-roelr) sie6. 0 Falecetensrate cece lens vere tGhenetele panei mannan 2 BROADHEAD'S SECTION NEAR THE STATE LINE (MODIFIED) Number. 1 2 Shale; blue-banded; ochery, argillaceous, clay Broad- Stratum. head's numbers, shale thinly laminated’. us... okek as spate es Limestone, dark gray; weathers brown........ Thickness. a WABAUNSEE FORMATION. 199 BROADHEAD’S SECTION NEAR THE STATE LINE (MODIFIED) — Continued. Broad- Number. Stratum. head’s Thickness. numbers. Fl. in 3 Limestone; rather shaly; fossiliferous.......... 7 2 4 ClayzaG ATID nO Wires cy eva ee eee ates eae era atoneee ees 8 2 5 Ochre, dark, and coal, interbedded............ 9 3 6 Bale woOCheny San Gyre eat ceci cio laciekeie mucus e Ciel ejeuctere=e — 2 7 Shale, variegated, ochery, and blue, sandy..... —_— 17 Two miles northwest of Hamburg, Iowa, and about the same distance north of the State line, at McKissicks Grove, is the type section of the McKissicks Grove shale of Smith.! His section, slightly modified, is as follows: SECTION AT McKISSICKS GROVE, IOWA. Broad- Number. Stratum. head's Thickness. numbers ina: 1 HL LOMmOL al ysememem Nemes taa tice etracusierscoissfetstenstevscclsucere ue — 7 2 MIMeSLOMeG; wie ALCL s ra aielelal> isles «jel s)e- 26 m= © oe = = 1 3 Limestone, very dark; containing nodules about iy Uaeln she, Chives Oona cOOKe 6 beOnO osc = 1 4 Shale, blue, sandy and micaceous; with several thin bands of sandstone. .................- = 7 5 Sandstone, blue, weathering to yellow; mica- GUIs cngoobtorwenrr ooo uooomonmarnas epee = 3 6 SUMGI Ke) cents tetehal hrs Gece oig Dee DIC O hid NOEL CEO Choe CROICLE = 15 7 bimMestone, Lrays COMMPAC br a. ces eve lalelels evs. a ene 7 i 8 IbiboaVsshivonalssihemoithdsn py Sac pobD. op cee © 0 con oie 9 1 9 WOAURON YVAN) hse. es erehe- ci sca) edews, sce cersccke) oh snatevenelele epete — 9 10 Shale sandy, and, Sanadstone ss. . <<. sees ewe 20 11 ELC S LOINC me at Arta eecden st Selo teiuj ey -tatetiier etal sahetaks t= teks | 6 12 Siiale pac ar kmenate tel -eetepuas babe Ciebe stat ripen Menon alvehaians 10-13 3 6 13 TASS TOME epei on eRe keene eer er sew tone coors afis Maye etree Mess | 6 14 Shale, blue, weathering to yellow............. 8 15 Limestone; in two or three heavy ledges CLOW GEO. Wilh He HUSUNI Aaya 5) ousrelale seats. e: alie’ s)e este | 14 4 16 SNAG pen Pe regeren ok Pare forehead rie te emi oe ales eines 6 15 12 17 MimMestOMe dark Crave | fe acs 0 actayeiele-she siete es es 16 1 No. 15 of this section is the main ledge of the Tarkio lime- stone, and the shale and limestone below are referred to the Scranton shale as interpreted in this report. Smith, G. L., The Carboniferous section of southwestern Iowa: Survey, vol. 19, pp. 605-658, 1909, Iowa Geol, 200 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. At Nebraska City, Nebr., are outcrops whose age was formerly considered doubtful, but has in later years been shown conclusively to be Pennsylvanian. Smith! gives the following section at the shale pit: SECTION AT SHALE PIT AT NEBRASKA CITY, NEBR. Number. Stratum. : Thickness. Ft. in. 1 Thin-bedded limestone, impure with shaly partings; some CrINOIATHEOIB sd siete vere «(ele (ols 1nvai/aloveper eueielohetaleteienetene totais enema ana lr 4 2 Yellow, ‘very arenaceous shale... jte<) ae eee eee 4 3 aU tN aon Semon OO OCA OAC SA SACD OOndok Sos so < 5 4 Heavy layer limestone iio sscielevetereneies8 10 es «etc. oo eee ene eee 2 5 Thin seam, very carbonaceous matter, with plant im- PT OSBIONS 's 'syesre ls ve aievaenvaete tare, a aata"ai a Caveucclate evave%s, 6 Say spahaneee hence 3 6 Blue, laminated and non-laminated shale, micaceous and arenaceous in places. In part of the exposure divided by a thin band of more indurated shale, yellowish in color. Ten feet above the base of the shale is a thin band of JimestOne six geile UY. aie a Pa a eo STRUCTURE. 207 and Forest City was tilted up to the east so that the base of the Pennsylvanian deposits in Missouri slopes in general from all directions toward a point in Holt County. Here the base of the Cherokee shale lies at a lower altitude (800 feet below sea level) than at any other place known in the State. The altitude of the base of the Pennsylvanian rocks has been plotted and lines drawn through points of equal altitude ‘as shown in Plate. XXV. By use of this map, the depth to the base of the Cherokee shale can be estimated at any place where the altitude of the surface is known. It should be remembered, however, that the data on which the map is constructed are rather meagre, and the unconformity between the Mississippian and the Pennsylvanian causes changes in the altitude of their contact within very short distances. These two factors may cause errors in places. CHAPTER VI. GEOLOGIC HISTORY. INTERVAL PRECEDING PENNSYLVANIAN SEDIMENTATION. At the beginning of the Pennsylvanian epoch the area included in the present boundaries of Missouri was above sea level. The highest part was a plateau corresponding roughly with a tongue projecting into the northeastern part of the State a short distance west of the site of the Mississippi. The region now occupied by the main body of the Pennsylvanian was lower, though probably the difference in altitude of the two areas was slight. Meanwhile sediments were being de- posited in shallow seas occupying parts of Oklahoma, Arkansas and northern Illinois and the waters were slowly advancing over adjacent land areas. A description of the topography of Missouri just before Penn- sylvanian deposition began must be largely from inference as regards details. Broadly considered, the surface of north- western Missouri sloped to the northwest about 4 feet per mile to a depression extending from Forest City northeastward. Northwest of this depression the surface apparently rose about 12 feet per mile. Drillings in eastern Harrison County indicate differences in the thickness of Cherokee shale of about 250 feet, due in part at least to the uneven contour of its base, though so great a local variation is uncommon. Along the present margin of the coal-bearing territory early Pennsylvanian topo- graphy was one of late maturity, much modified by the effects of solution. The surface rocks were largely soluble limestones containing lenticular layers of insoluble and very resistant chert, which, after the calcareous material had been worn away or dis- solved, became concentrated as a talus mantle on the slopes and accumulated in the stream beds. Large underground channels came into existence and many sinks were formed, some of them quite large. Ultimately there was developed a karst topog- raphy, similar to that now prevailing in many limestone regions. (208) Ls GEOLOGIC HISTORY. 209 Although a long time elapsed between the emergence of the Mississippian surface and the deposition of Pennsylvanian sedi- ments upon that surface, the earth movements which took place in northern and western Missouri during the interval were not notable. Except in and near the present Ozark country the relationship of the land and sea areas to one another were slowly modified without appreciably altering the approximate hori- zontality of the Mississippian strata of northern and western Missouri. As a consequence basal Cherokee sediments in widely separated areas rest on formations that are not far apart strati- graphically. In northeastern Missouri they lie, in general, on the St. Louis limestone, and farther southwest along their outcrop zone on the Keokuk and Burlington limestones or their equivalents. Back of the basal outcrop, where the Cherokee shale is now covered with later sediments, the floor of the Cher- okee sea was, so far as known, also formed by Mississippian rocks. It is only on and near the Ozarks that Pennsylvanian strata are in contact with pre-Mississippian formations or on strata that are notably tilted. EARLY TRANSGRESSIONS OF THE SEA. The Cherokee sea, advancing from the west or south- west, first invaded Missouri in the vicinity of Forest City, Holt County, and soon extended northeast as a long shallow arm through Worth, Harrison, and Mercer counties into Jowa. When about 150 feet of Cherokee sediments had been laid down the arm had broadened out to the southeast so as to embrace Buchanan and Platte counties and, a short time later, Clay, Jackson, and Livingston counties. After the deposition of nearly 400 feet of material in the Forest City area the sea covered practically all of the western tier of counties, except Atchison, and soon extended eastward into Henry, Johnson, Lafayette, Ray, Carroll, Linn, Putnam, and Adair. When the Bevier coal bed was formed, near the beginning of Allegheny time and after the deposition of 580 feet of material at Forest City, some sedimentation had already taken place in all the region now occupied by the main body of the Pennsylvanian and in a fairly large area in which there are now only small patches remaining. The land area had been reduced to an island in southeastern Missouri, with a peninsula projecting into Pike and neighboring counties and a small part of a northern G—14 210 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. land mass in the extreme northwestern corner of the State. The western sea continued to advance eastward, while an eastern sea occupying most of Illinois advanced westward. Probably by the end of Cherokee time the two seas had joined, submerging practically all of northern Missouri and possibly nearly all of southern Missouri also. No deposition appears to have taken place at this time in the extreme northwestern corner of the State, for the Nebraska City drilling shows less than 100 feet of Des Moines strata, probably of Pleasanton age. There is still much doubt as to whether the Pennsylvanian sea finally covered practically all of southern Missouri and sub- merged the Ozarks, though the evidence in hand seems to in- dicate that a large part of the region was inundated for a com- paratively short interval, beginning, probably, near the end of the Cherokee epoch. In nearly all the Ozark counties there are small outliers or pockets of shale, sandstone, and coal in sink holes and other protected situations. Many of these, at least, are of Pennsylvanian age, but were probably deposited before invasion or after the sea receded from the region. The sink holes themselves were certainly formed while above ground- water level and some of them seem to have been deepened while be- ing filled with Pennsylvanian coal and other materials. The remarkably thick pockets of cannel—a coal formed very slowly from only the plant products most resistant to decay—were deposited in stagnant water that was probably fresh. In addition to the pockets, however, sandstone and shale of Pennsylvanian age are scattered over the Ozarks in small patches capping divides where erosion has not been active. These outliers may have been deposited at the time when the sea covered all or most of Missouri. The thinness of the prob- able marine’ Pennsylvanian sediments in all of the Ozarks, however, indicates that the sea may have retreated again in a comparatively short time, probably before the end of the Des Moines epoch. If the Warrensburg and Moberly channels came into existence late in the Pleasanton epoch, as seems prob- able, a relative uplift of the Ozark took place at that time. Moreover, the differences in the sediments laid down in Missouri and Illinois during the Missouri epoch, so far as known from strata still intact, point toward the presence of a land mass between the two areas during that interval. Some of the sands deposited in parts of the Missouri epoch are also most easily explained by postulating a land mass in southern Missouri. The overlap of OG “AQUNOD ARID “4S ‘ssuludg MeSoUOTY ‘salios uvIUvA[TASUUOg JO 9UOJSpUeS [eseg ‘TAXYX Givig 'sarmag ang ‘TTTX “10, ‘SUNITA GNVY ANOTOMH TO AvawaAg wWAOSSITN GEOLOGIC HISTORY. 211 Des Moines strata toward the west and the probable deriva- tion of some early Des Moines sediments from an Ozark land mass, on the other hand, seem to show that the Ozarks were above sea until late in the Cherokee epoch. SEDIMENTATION DURING DES MOINES EPOCH. As the Cherokee sea advanced upon the old land surface its first act was to rearrange the loose weathered materials and to fill up existing valleys and caverns. It may be that much of the basal sandstone along the southwestern outcrop and under cover farther northwest is only slightly rearranged residual matter, and that the thick basal fire clays of east-central Mis- souri had a similar origin. The deposit to which Smith applied the name Saline Greek cave-conglomerate is the result of the filling of underground caverns, in many cases before their sub- mergence. True basal conglomerates are rare and essentially local, showing that the drainage from the Ozark land mass had been sluggish for a long time before Cherokee sedimentation began. Before the formation of the Tebo and Bevier coal beds Cherokee deposits consisted almost entirely of clay and sands laid down in a shallow sea that occasionally withdrew while peats were formed in low-lying swamps. The earlier deposits were laid down in submerged valleys and more or less discon- nected bays, and, consequently, varied greatly from place to place. About the time the Tebo coal was formed conditions became more uniform, and during the later Cherokee depo- sition was slower and remarkably similar over large areas. The coal swamps were all of the coastal type and were destroyed by invasions of salt or brackish water that were often simultane- ous over large areas. Several of the coals bear very thin per- ‘sistent partings, formed during temporary submergences that killed the plants but brought in very little sediment. During the later part of the Cherokee epoch several thin marine limestones were formed, closely associated with coal beds. There seem to have been cycles of sedimentation similar to those in Illinois which are described by Udden.! The cycles began with (1) the growth of coal-forming plants; followed by (2) an invasion of the sea which killed the vegetation, iUdden, J. A., Geology and mineral resources of the Peoria SEEGERS Illinois: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 506, pp. 47-50, 1912. 12 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Li) but was favorable to marine animal life; then (3) an increase in sediment killed most of the limestone-forming animals, and the basin filled to the surface with muck and sand; and finally (4) soil was formed and plant life began to flourish. In Mis- souri a second interval favorable to marine life often inter- vened between stages (3) and (4), so that the soil and plants of the final stage were laid upon a thin jimestone. Acids derived from plant material passed down and dissolved paris of the underlying limestone, giving it the nodular appearance charac- teristic of many of the “bottom rocks” of coal beds. During Henrietta time a greater proportion of limestone was produced. These beds were also marine and some of them were probably huge fringing reefs and were co-extensive with at least the region now underlain by the Henrietta formation in Missouri. : Pleasanton time was characterized by the deposition of muds and sands under rapidly changing conditions, though some limestone and a few coal swamps were formed. After about 100 feet of sediment had been laid down, there was probably a relative uplift sufficient to cause withdrawal of the sea from most of Missouri. The uplift was greater in the Ozark region and near the Mississippi than elsewhere, and swift streams flowed from these higher lands to the north and west. Several deep, narrow valleys characteristic of a region in early topographic youth were excavated, and part of the deposits of Henrietta and early Pleasanton time were removed in places. During the last of the Pleasanton epoch northern and western Missouri subsided and sand and mud were spread over the recently exposed sur- faces, most of which had been only slightly eroded. SEDIMENTATION DURING MISSOURI EPOCH. The Missouri group seems to have been deposited under conditions which alternated between those of quiet waters, which permitted the growth of marine invertebrates but excluded clastic sediments to a large degree, and those of unsettled and disturbed waters in which sandstones and shales were deposited. From time to time the more unsettled conditions changed dur- ing short intervals in which lenticular coal or limestone beds were formed. While quiet waters prevailed and calcareous materials were conspicuous among the sediments, conditions were unfavorable for extensive plant growth. Even at other — GEOLOGIC HISTORY. 213 times coal-forming plants succeeded in establishing themselves only for relatively short intervals and, with one or two exceptions, in comparatively small swamps. The intervals of limestone deposition, on the whole, grew shorter as time progressed. One of the notable features of deposition during the Mis- sourl epoch was the repetition of an alternating succession of limestones and thin shales with thicker shales and sandstones. Almost exactly similar conditions of sedimentation appear to have recurred intermittently over wide areas. There is a striking similarity in the Plattsburg and Stanton, Oread, and Deer Creek limestones and to a less degree in the Lecompton, Topeka and Howard, and the Tarkio and cap rock limestone of Nyman coal. In each case the sections show only minor varia- tions from the following succession: Limestone, flaggy; a thin bed (at top). Shale, drab; a few feet. Limestone, gray, thin-bedded; a thick bed. Shale, black, slaty. Limestone, dark gray, even-bedded; 1 or 2 feet. Shale, drab. . Limestone, blue (at base). In the Plattsburg and Stanton, Oread, and Deer Creek members this succession is typically shown. In the other cases mentioned the place of the dark-gray, even-bedded lime- stone (5) seems to be taken in some areas by coal, and the limestone (3) is much thinner. The clastic members have certain resemblances, which, however, are not nearly so striking as those just mentioned. Most of them contain sandstones that vary in apparent strati- graphic position within short distances, and include limestones that do not maintain uniform thicknesses. NOE Pep DEFORMATIONS. From the beginning to the end of Pennsylvanian time in Missouri earth movements in the region now occupied by the series were relatively slow, simple, and uniform. In general there was a long-continued subsidence of the region, broken by periods of stability and with, perhaps, relative uplift of adjacent land areas during several intervals. The uniformity of the subsidence is shown by the persistence in thickness, areal extent, and character of most of the members of most of the formations. The periods of stability culminated in the forma- tion of the wide-spread coal beds, after sedimentation had filled 214 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. the sea and caused its withdrawal, and ended when a renewal of subsidence again let in the saline waters, killing the coal plants. The relative uplift of neighboring land areas is indicated by the periodic recurrence of irregular deposition and a com- paratively large proportion of arenaceous sediments. In most Pennsylvanian formations the strata are remarkably persistent and regular, but in the Pleasanton, Douglas, and part of the Cherokee formations, and in the Lane, Severy, Scranton and a few other members, the strata are variable. An influx of sands was usually caused, probably, by changes in the currents of the shallow sea, in the direction of drainage lines on neighboring land masses, or in the derivation of sediments. During the Pleasanton and Douglas epochs, however, the phenomena were somewhat more complex. As stated more fully on previous pages, there is evidence that the sea may have withdrawn from all or part of Missouri in both Pleasanton and Lawrence time while long and rather deep channels were formed by sub-aerial erosion. These changes appear to have been effected by slight tilting and folding in northern and western Missouri as well as by dif- ferential uplift of the Ozark region. After the close of the Pennsylvanian there were two periods of folding. The first of these resulted in the blocking out of the main broad features of the present structure, namely the mono- clinal dip to the west in north Missouri and to the northwest in the west-central part of the State. The second period of folding caused the formation of narrow and comparatively sharp an- ticlines and associated synclines trending northwest-southeast and markedly parallel throughout the State. The structural features are more fully described in the preceding chapter. The following records are representative of the deeper drill- ing that has been done in the region underlain by the Pennsyl- vanian. They indicate the general nature, succession, and variation of the formations in different parts of the field. The description of the Forest City well is made from a study of the core which is preserved at the headquarters of the Bureau of Geology and Mines. FOREST CITY DIAMOND DRILL HOLE. 215 LOG OF DIAMOND DRILL HOLE ON W. F. DAVIS’ FARM NEAR FOREST CITY, MISSOURI. DRILLED IN 1901. Stratum. Thickness. | Depth. Fi. in. Ft. in. Pleistocene series: Sandy clay, no core (loess)...............- 65 65 Clay and bowlders, no core (drift:)........ 10 75 Pennsylvanian series: Shawnee formation: Tecumseh shale: Clavyas halen (GlOsCOLe) eenisiaccis eeeiclesro: ss) enone ee 15 90 Lecompton limestone: Limestone, dark-gray, argillaceous, very fossiliferous, especially Fusulina; passes into shale....... oc oH Sled ooo ogo med ome cue 2 4 92 4 Shale, greenish, very calcareous, fossiliferous. 4 4 96 8 Limestone, gray, fine-grained, much calcite, partings shaly, very fossiliferous, especially Fusulina; becomes shaly at base, not sharply separated from underlying shale. . 4 ii 101 3 Shale, gray, calcareous at top, black and slaty at base; also some dark layers near THIEL GLO. ects es = CO. C0 Sido 6 Otho Octo h oibiers 3 3 104 6 is LPNS Gl E iret aos cece eis ces SA IA RCE Ne acre eee 2 104 8 Limestone, dark-gray, composed chiefly of Fusulina, giving corea mottled appearance 9 105 & Limestone, gray, tinged with green in places; fine-grained, argillaceous; has a few calcite crystals; at top grades into a dark clayey Shale a few inches thick................ 10 4 115 9 Shale, grayish-green; considerably darker at the base; slightly calcareous in places.... a) a) 118 7 Limestone, soft, argillaceous.............. 10 119 5 Shale, green, very fossiliferous............. 2 119 a Limestone, light-colored, compact, fine- grained, earthy to sugary, fossiliferous; grades to shale at the base.............. 4 10 124 5 Kanwaka shale: Shale, greenish-gray, dark-gray at top; pyritiferous, some fossils. ............... 4 7 129 Shale, gray, considerable mica and some pyrite in upper four feet; few fossils,upper part cal- > careous in streaks and banded with sand; middle not calcareous; bottom calcareous; lower foot has a nodular texture......... 12 3 141 3 Limestone, dark, very shaly at top where it grades into above; lower part gray; alternate light and dark patches bounded by atossilesypyrubiferOUsi) alata ce seis c= lee 3 2 145 5 Shale, gray; calcareous at top and bottom. Ten inches from top is a hard bituminous bowlder of blackish-brown color, with a thin one-half inch seam of coal on each PCIE SS DO OCHO APs © URC ChOICL ONO CU ENERO CG CG GIES aa is 147 4 Shale, greenish-colored; upper portion cal- ecareous; slightly calcareous near the bottom....... conto Recoa mo Oo tackon dhe oon S 11 2 158 6 216 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. LOG OF DIAMOND DRILL HOLE ON W. F. DA VIS’ FARM NEAR FOREST CITY, MISSOURI. DRILLED IN 1901—Continued. Stratum. Thickness. | Depth. Fl. in. Fl. in. Pennsylvanian series—Continued. Douglas formation: Oread limestone: Limestone, dark-gray, granular, medium- grained, argillaceous, sub-odlitic, the fossil fragments being surrounded by concentric bands, fossiliferous........... 2 8 161 2 Shale, gray, calcareous and fossiliferous..... | 5 161 7 Limestone, dark-gray, very fossiliferous;| medium-grained, very irregular bedding| planes and diagonal jointing; has several) dark bituminous shaly partings......... 6 8 168 .3 Limestone, dark-gray upper eight feet; re- mainder light-gray, irregular shaly part- ings, fossiliferous, pyritiferous, calcite lining and filling fossil cavities, stylolites. 21 189 3 Shale, first foot is light-greenish colored and calcareous grading to black with thin lighter-colored calcareous bands; small crystals of pyrite......... Rrotateucwercy otetehenart ip IC) 193 1 Limestone, gray, with shaly bands, numerous rE oobondeb Doo soaeoCOOe ode Poors 2 6 195 7 Shale, gray and greenish, becoming clayey GOwarGsbasele oiejereisiesetoter aster sm te neieie ne svereienene 2 7 198 2 Clay shale, light-green, calcareous..... Boo” 8 8 206 10 Limestone, greenish, soft, shaly, nodular. . 2 2 209 Limestone, gray, with much green shale grading to green shale; very fossiliferous, especially ‘where: shaly.. s.. cic.c <6 ccs cc se cme 4 6 213 6 Lawrence shale: Shale; green: calcareous lve cicysictatelcraletetonctapeyete a 5 214 dt Clay shale, dark gray...... 36 ooao sd ae 2 215 1 Clay shale, green, calcareous, aareie Suerte Enos Foto Oooo cine Suid OL ocho Bey 3 5 220 1 Clay shale, dark purplish, mottled with RTEON,, CAICATCOUAs © Svante wre scciarese: shehelevate Ae SE 1 3 221 4 Shale, green, with purplish bands; sandy, slightly calcareous......... ajatatgeteuePavahekstene 11 3 232 z Limestone, mottled gray and brown; com- pact, with occasional irregular parting planes of shale, giving a brecciated appear- ance; contains much disseminated calcite (Amazonia limestone)... eee cee ewe wren AN 237 6 Shale, dark-gray, arenaceous, thinly iene inated, having a greenish cast in places; | some mica; pyrite in rather large pieces. . 10 4 | 247 10 Shale, dark-gray, micaceous............... 2 4 250 2 Sandstone and sandy shale interbedded; light and dark banded, thin bedded, mi- caceous, pyritiferous, fossiliferous........ 77 8 327 10 Shale, gray, pyritiferous, slightly calcareous in places, especially toward bottom...... 9 336 10 Limestone, soft, very fossiliferous, argil- IBOGOUB . § oso niu sib v8.00 2 srw ViNi6 Riven whee ety 1 337 10 mare FOREST CITY DIAMOND DRILL HOLE. 217 LOG OF DIAMOND DRILL HOLE ON W. F. DAVIS’ FARM NEAR FOREST CITY, MISSOURI. DRILLED IN 1901.—Continued. Stratum. Thickness. | Depth. Fl. in. TH, CPx Pennsylvanian series—Continued. Lawrence shale—Continued. Shale, fine-grained, very calcareous....... 5 5 343 3 Shale, green, mottled near the base; very) calcareous, due to large irregular patches) Oi IMAI. oo nooanooocooOoOKUOho CoO 4 7 347 10 Iatan limestone: Limestone, gray, nodular, imbedded in) green, caleareous'shale................-- | 9 356 10 Weston shale: Clay, gray and shaly at top; greenish, with DuUnpleMavenabpOAsC ere cetekss isreinis els ceuese | 2 4 359 2 Shale, in part clayey, greenish-gray, mi-| . caceous, especially towards the bottom. .| 8 2 367 4 Shale, blue, green, brown and nearly black;| calcareous, slightly micaceous in places;| middle part of bed somewhat banded by) hard brown ferruginous layers one-half inch thick; well laminated except at top, WHEE wtMB CIA VOY secs csccit sis, sueve cus sue ores = 39 10 407 2 Shale, dark-blue, sandy and pyritiferous new top; contains occasional hard brown TSEC ENS oon oc cone oOnooUCe OOD. HOM es 418 1 Lansing formation: Stanton limestone: Limestone, medium-grained, argillaceous, S gray with light-colored areas around a) dark nucleus; very shaly at top; small) AMOUM flO CALCUL alesis eielehslayeneneersiaueiaiens 5 4 423 5 Limestone, dark-gray, very argillaceous, arenaceous, fossiliferous, brachiopods most) (COMMONS a, ni ceuekars: sos ce ehats ps tenece feWenccraveteca enarens 3 1 426 6 Clayagshaleereenishn: .ssusier-asiie riers coger 2 1 428 7 Limestone, light-colored, mainly fine-grained; very argillaceous, especially at the top and bottom. About four feet from the top are stylolites and drusy cavites lined with calcite crystals. Fossiliferous, es- pecially at the bottom. This bed consists} of alternating dark and light bands, due to the presence of numerous fossils, mainly IVR WME! Hag aie oes Oe uncom COD DOOo 7 2 445 9 Sia eriblackwvere-cacpwerctelsciamencectrenenercrensneieyere 1 3 447 Shale, dark-gray, calcareous, black near the base; black streak occurs about two feet, ten inches from the top; lower part fossil- DLETOM Sime teleNenn cleveitisercot Pare cosauooasDo DoE 7 2 454 2 Limestone, buff and compact at top, with calcite crystals at partings; after two feet grades to a more argillaceous type which has a dark color. The light-colored por- tion is thoroughly crystalline and fossil- IIGHOUISS 516.56 oto cl co Doon 04 COM Or Hamada 3 2 457 4 218 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. LOG OF DIAMOND DRILL HOLE ON W. F. DAVIS’ FARM NEAR FOREST CITY, MISSOURI. DRILLED IN 1901—Continued. Stratum. Thickness. | Depth. Ft. in. Ft. in. Pennsylvanian series—Continued. Vilas shale: Shale, dark-blue; very calcareous, contains one or two bands of limestone........... 10 467 4 Shale, dark-green.) discjcere spe. alersin eee sess apres 8 468 Shale, greenish, mottled with gray, very calcareous. ...... ede dalieltat oan tee Sie 1 5 469 5 Plattsburg limestone: Limestone, light and dark-gray, fine-grained, argillaceous, having a granular texture. = Portions of this bed resemble white “cotton rock,’’ which alternates with thin} bands of dark, shaly limestone.......... 4 9 474 2 Shale; black) calearsouas 10 «12 euct-uacusionienesee 11 475 1 Limestone, gray, fine-grained, argillaceous ‘ at top and bottom. Includes irregular bands of dark argillaceous limestone at different places; the shaly bands are es- pecially fossiliferous; contains much dis- seminated calcite in middle portion...... 9 6 484 7 Shale, gray to dark-gray, calcareous, lower 13 inches practically argillaceous lime- SHOMEIAE So pect wivvernile sfoyepa te lale tase steveloie, Gass LL 216 486 5 Limestone, dark-gray, argillaceous; increas- ‘ingly argillaceous at top and bottom; lower half very fossiliferous...........>. 5 9 492 2 Limestone, light-gray, fossiliferous, medium- grained, sub-o6litic, contains some dissem- inated calcite.......... Gc: Se Sonos che 2 6 494 8 Shale) Srsenish, ssc sw ssece.s a. 0 sl wares Se og oS 7 495 3 Limestone, light-gray, fine-grained, having much the appearance of cotton rock..... ie 8 496 11 Lane shale: Shale, dark-blue, fossiliferous........ ustaiaiets 2 3 499 2 Limestone, very fossiliferous, argillaceous; rather coarse granular texture........... 11 500 1 Limestone, dark-gray argillaceous, fossil- iferous; contains 3-inch band of very dark CAalOBreOUs SHGIC <6 ne omic s\miniais tens minim stoi@iare 3 5 503 6 Shale, dark,. calcareous, containing two 3-inch bands of gray argillaceous lime- BUONO io soaemiebedeeiein ince can cra ea anata OR EY 3 4 506 10 Shale, light greenish-gray...... SES cede 2 1 6 508 4 Shale, gray, calcareous; upper 14 inches is practically an argillaceous limestone.... 3 4 511 8 Shale, dark grayish-green, calcareous and arenaceous; about 16 inches from base is 10 inches of argillaceous, gray, fossil- iferG Gs LUMEstONGe «5 \ay<:s)s,< «).276/e0n Pla )t oe wee 14 6 526 2 Shale, light and dark-gray, in places banded, arenaceous at top, the lower 3 feet 6 inches calcareous and very. fossiliferous........ 16 1 542 1 FOREST CITY DIAMOND DRILL HOLE. 219 LOG OF DIAMOND DRILL HOLE ON W. F. DAVIS’ FARM NEAR FOREST CITY, MISSOURI. DRILLED IN 1901—Continued. Stratum. |Thickness. | Depth. Ft. in. Bie tn. Pennsylvanian series—Continued. Kansas City formation: Iola limestone: Limestone, light-gray, somewhat coarsely erystalline, shaly at top and at intervals throughout. Upper part contains few small | drusy cavities lined with calcite. In some places a fresh fracture exhibits a brownish and grayish mottled appearance; fossils DLOMIMent ree ee eo scbocacosed 11 | 553 3 Chanute shale: Limestone, very argillaceous, alternating with shale, very calcareous; fossiliferous, especially the shale. The limestone bands} are light-gray and the shale bands are dark-gray to almost black (Raytown) | IMR OUON eo ecaddsoapasoostes Comoe 5 8 abs? tis Shale, upper part dark, almost black; 14| | inches of this is very bituminous; the remainder is chiefly a greenish color and calcareous throughout. There are two 3-inch bands of argillaceous limestone in Bhiss Ped ssfOsSsiliferOuUsis «ace wim elec es cleo eee 7 1 566 Shale, gray and greenish-gray, calcareous, clayey; near base is 16-inch bed con- taining irregular-shaped limestone nodules 8 2 | 574 2 Limestone, gray, argillaceous nodules em- bedded in greenish shale; fossiliferous; has a coarse granular texture partly crys- talline and becomes more solid toward | base (probably Cement City limestone).. 4 1 578 3 Shale, green, calcareous, especially near top| and bottom; near base are irregularly- shaped limestone nodules............... 4 2 582 5 Drum limestone: Limestone, gray, slightly argillaceous; semi- erystalline sugary texture; irregular wavy shaly bedding planes Limestone, very argillaceous; has a mottled appearance due to the extremely irregular manner in which the shale and limestone are intermingled; limestone, light-gray; shale, greenish-gray; near the top is a 6-inch band of calcareous shale.......... 5 7 590 11 Cherryvale shale: Shale, gray, calcareous; limestone occurs in irregular masses........ Scogetec goeeece Tha oa ih 592 10 Limestone, shaly.......:-..... Ste aecticrene stare exe Bs 594 9 Shale, dark, bituminous, caleareous........ 10 595 7 Limestone, mottled light and dark-gray by irregular distribution of shale partings... 1 3 596 10 Shale, dark-gray, calcareous, bituminous, alternating with very argillaceous lime- BLOneraecna OS Daa nS COO ace POO GOL 6 8 603 6 220 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. LOG OF DIAMOND DRILL HOLE ON W. F. DAVIS’ FARM NEAR FOREST CITY, MISSOURI. DRILLED IN 1901—Continued. Stratum. Thickness. Ft. in. Pennsylvanian series—Continued. Cherryvale shale—Continued. Shale, dark-colored, bituminous, calcareous... 3 Shale, alternating with bands of dark-gray, argillaceous limestone; fossiliferous; be- comes more calcareous at base grading) , to nodular limestone; sharply separated from underlying limestone. /........ oe | Winterset limestone: Limestone, light-gray, compact, crystalline,| having a medium-grained ground-mass through which are distributed small calcite 14 1 crystals, evidently a replacement of fossils, 7 Shale, dark, calcareous...... SP otahe eerie } 4s Shale, greenish-gray, calcareous toward the SOD) 3s chi cpt eo Cee Sree were waters 2) 8 Limestone, light-gray, medium-grained, odlitic, fossiliferous; finely porous; con- tains pink barite and pyrites on what appears to be a vertical joint; texture similar in many respects to that at 627-7 Limestone, fine-grained; similar to above; in 3 beds; less porous and shows less oGdlitic texture; lower 18 inches argillaceous and fossiliferous....... Siistaiaje}abaleiateseLeraistaie Limestone, fine-grained; odlitic and fossil- iferous; Fusulinacommon........... aie ie Limestone, light-gray, argillaceous, alternat- ing with dark-gray calcareous. shale, fossiliferous; limestone fine-grained; from 644-6 to 646-2 and from 652-6 to 656-6 limestone predominates; these limestones contain small nodules of black fossil- AFETOUS GHEE mre. Fl. in. Ef. in. Pennsylvanian series—Contioued. Cherokee shale—Continued. Coal, pyritiferous........ afedenstsueterersy slakaletapete 9 /|1141 9 Clay, gray, pyritiferous............. Suc 4 3 1146 Shale, brown, iron-stained, very hard....... | 5 1146 5 Sandstone, dark, argillaceous; slickensided. .| 1 2 |1147 7 Shale, dark, pyritiferous; arenaceous at top 2 5 |1150 Shale, black, very carbonaceous........ 3 {1150 3 Shale, dark-colored, clayey, arenaceous, aed numerous hard brown ferruginous bands and) no dinles areas caitevatalstarsieleretersste BOooeon 7 10 |1158 1 Clay, light-colored, sandy........ Pociatere ei EP ba 1160 Sandstone, light-colored, aeatine erainane discolored in irregular patches by brown ferruginous material............. AO n0 4 8 |1164 8 Sandstone, bluish-gray, finely- Rushed very 3 argillaceous, micaceous; lower part speckled with brown grains....... ARO BD AS 3 6 /|1168 2 Shale, dark-colored, arenaceous at top...... 2 6 {1170 8 Sandstone, light-colored, fine-grained, mi- CHK TOI OD OOm ced OOO oA tS CAMO ESES Giten os ae Ll tO: (Ee 6 Shale, dark-gray, contain some mica; BIIGKONELIASGS eon eels ss als BaP ORCUS CICERO Oot OC 1 3 {1173 9 Shale, black, with many irregular hard, brown, ferruginous masseS...........+-.- 2 4 /|1176 1 Shale, black, slaty, pyritiferous.......... Os 6 5 |1182 6 Sandstone, very argillaceous.............. 6 |1183 Shale, dark-blue to nearly black, arenaceous, ' numerous brown, ferruginous bands, mi- caceous and pyritiferous............... 3 4 /|1186 4 IWiEASTOG “COC. fe cals iqielnel elas coos0008 Syeletinraysvee 2 2 |1188 6 sf Sandstone, brownish-black, hard, calcareous, FOBSULTFETOUB narehel elelelsieieieieieretenelc Boeedoots 2 3 41190 9 Shale, black, slaty, hard. calcareous, charac- terized by alternating thin gray and black bands; some hard, iron-stained bands, also pyritiferous; grades into shale below...... 16 1206 9 Shale, light grayish-green; contains sandstone in bands, the amount of sand increasing toward the base; pyritiferous............ 7 5 |1214 2 Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained, slightly MUICACHGUE 5 in iare ais Tiers) ois six eVataiele’ motels kre ao Tarn 1 6 |1215 8 Shale, greenish-gray; contains small sand- - like granules which appear as black specks on the surface, These are thought to be iron carbonate, partly or completely altered to iron oxide. This shale has a rough granular texture as a result of the dissem- inated particles of siderite..........ee-- 10 (|1216 6 Sandstone, greenish, argillaceous; contains granules similar to those in shale above, also iron-stained in irregular areas...... 1 4 |1217 10 FOREST CITY DIAMOND DRILL HOLE. Bear LOG OF DIAMOND DRILL HOLE ON W. F. DAVIS’ FARM NEAR FOREST CITY, MISSOURI. DRILLED IN 1901.—Continued. Stratum. Thickness.| Depth. Pennsylvanian series—Continued. Fl. in. Ft. in. Cherokee shale—Continued. Shale, greenish-gray, arenaceous at the top; grades into a dark-gray non-arenaceous EINES fpbieliccraiswololo jon oooonupcaccbUudKe 4 6 |1222 4 Sandstone, light bluish-gray, fine-grained; caleareous and argillaceous in places; micaceous. Brown siderite particles are prominent and in the last 18 inches form MapHermare QmmMlasseswercrescucisieteteherererevali= reicrs ts 5) 3 1227 "/ Shale, black, slaty, carbonaceous, with thin Coe REM boo ocoacoonoouodddcDdKCO00o" 2 1229 7 Sandstone, gray, fine-grained, micaceous; has bluish argillaceous bands near the bottom. Fossiliferous; numerous plant remains. Small brown granules similar to those observed above... .--<-.-686.-++---- 6 9 |1236 4 Shale, dark-bluish; lower 5 inches black, above which are seven inches of pyritif- erous shale... ..:....-. dapeoo6 POR 0 OB-o 3 8 1240 Shale, dark-blue to’black, with hard, brown bands pyTibiferOUS!. ccc ecle ete vis se lel esis s ee al 4 |1251 4 COC EN Le re ae nde CRED ee C/ eee CRC, Cu CR ERE Pe 5 (i251 9 Clay, dark-gray, sandy, with coal partings. | 4 |1252 1 Sandstone, fine-grained, micaceous; has thin coal partings usually diagonal to the core, fine brown granules. Near the top the color is a light-gray, but becomes a dark- bluish gray, and finely laminated toward HOM D ASE) erie aie ciate eee soodoceorooooowes 5 11 |1258 Shale, black, bituminous, slaty, with hard, brown layers)... .:....02... coco Me ODE Oaerosd 5 5 1263 5 COE, menial. SoG oocaneooocooC AD HODOROUE 4 3 |1263 8 Sandstone, gray, fine-grained; several thin layers, clayey, showing brown granules, carbonaceous and pyritiferous in places.. 5 10 |1269 6 Shale, grayish, clayey, arenaceous; slicken- EGG ogidagaocot one odd goo soobo sno ho 2 3 |L271 9 Shale, clayey, carbonaceous, arenaceous. . 3 1272 Sandstone, argillaceous, increasingly shaly at top and bottom; has a finely-banded structure and contains brown ironstone concretions; color dark bluish-gray, due to carbonaceous material; plant remains CMC anon peooopenodeccnonra SC amd Odo 6 4 1278 4 Shale, black, hard, arenaceous, micaceous; contains plant remains........ OOO Otcae 3 1281 4 Sandstone, banded, shaly...............-- 5 |1281 9 Shale, dark-colored, arenaceous, with few hard, brown bands, pyritiferous......... 1 6 |1283 3 Shale, light-gray, very fine-grained, arena- ceous, in places clayey; contains iron con- cretions. An inch of coal occurs in the lower part of the bed. Texture somewhat BALE ya ACOS sranensteeselarltalciesteretelel stele tae 3 8 |1286 11 LOG OF FOREST CITY, MISSOURI. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. DIAMOND DRILL HOLE ON W. F. DAVIS’ FARM NEAR DRILLED IN 1901—Continued. Stratum. Thickness.| Depth. 7 Fl. in. Ft. in. Pennsylvanian series—Continued. Cherokee shale—Continued. Sandstone, gray, argillaceous; the lower half | is banded by thin partings of shaly car- . bonaceous material; contains iron con- CLOUIODS sie) aiepeteiedelokatnenereraiehe pacodos ge aces 4 9 |1291 8 Shale, dark brownish-black, arenaceous; contains ferruginous bands; concretions prominent, pyritiferous, micaceous; grades into argillaceous sandstone at base........ 10 1301 8 Sandstone, dark-gray, laminated, calcareous, Bhially;,|saieCaACCOUs srsrae tas patois neta Vanek eratenas 40 4 |1342 Sandstone, shaly, somewhat earthy, contain- ing, especially near the bottom, brown ranMwles MOF BIASLLUG sq 2 Clay, gray, grading to black below.........- u 4 (|1394 8 Shale, black, carbonaceous, containing a few hard, brown, ferruginous bands.......... 5 5 |1400 1 Shale, black, arenaceous, with hard, ferru- ginous bands; more arenaceous and less laminated at the bade... cis css ores sicia] 0 LG | eas Cg Sandstone, black to brownish-gray, argil- laceous, bituminous, calcareous; fossilif- erous, especially lower portion........... 12 9 ‘1425 4 7 FOREST CITY DIAMOND DRILL HOLE. 22 LOG OF DIAMOND DRILL HOLE ON W. F. DAVIS’ FARM NEAR FOREST CITY, MISSOURI. DRILLED IN 1901—Continued. Stratum. Thickness.| Depth. Pennsylvanian series—Continued. Fl, in. Fi. in. Cherokee shale—Continued. Sandstone, gray to light-gray, medium- grained; interbedded with thin carbo- naceous layers and containing some bands which are very hard, dense and fine- fenbalevel > GG boo Coonconbooeoscconococe 9 8 |1435 Shale, black, carbonaceous, pyritiferous, containing fossil plants; somewhat cal- careous, especially near the top.......... 5 1440 Clayashaledagk-onayiesceswacpeiste|stereieecsccsta) foi 4 1444 Sandstone, dark-gray, coarse, argillaceous, brown ferruginous granules abundant.... 1 8 1445 8 Shale, dark-gray, clayey, slightly arenaceous 8 4 (1454 Sandstone, brown, coarse-grained, argil- IEEE oS cobb ooo ecco de beo oe oeo UE OOO oN 3 |1454 3 Clay, dark-gray, slightly arenaceous....... 3 6 |1457 9 Sandstone, brown, coarse, argillaceous...... 7 (|1458 4 Shale, dark-gray, clayey, slightly arenaceous 5 8 1464 Shale, arenaceous; similar to that above, but Garkereinsieicas cass tosonsbosanadsesooacs 1 9 1465 9 Shale, black, carbonaceous, slaty; slicken- sided; pyritiferous, especially one foot meer WACK Soa soc coopcsuUAS ToD euo UGE 14 3 |1480 Shale, biack, carbonaceous; shows plant remains and contains numerous hard iron-stained bands; slickensided......... 4 4 |1484 4 Shale like above; calcareous; becomes harder, more sandy and micaceous.............. 4 2 1488 6 Sandstone, light-colored, coarse, hard; con- tains’ many slivers of carbonaceous ma- terial and large masses of pyrite......... 1 7 1490 1 Sandstone, light-green to light-buff; banded, 2 fine to medium-grained, micaceous....... 3 1 1493 2 Shale, dark to light-grayish-blue, clayey; arenaceous at bottom and contains some CARDONACECOUS mM abe apate ional yal tealoieial =) etnn 2 4 |1495 6 Sandstone, light-gray to buff; banded, medium-grained. In the upper 6 inches are cavities which were evidently filled with clay. Grades into bed below....... Pde ils 1498 5 Sandstone, striped grayish-blue and buff, argillaceous; streaked and spotted appear- Gus Cosa oe oe aobowecce cero eooseae oes 2 6 {1500 11 Sandstone, banded; light-buff separated into thin beds by shale laminae which gives a striped appearance. The shale is more abundant in the middle; micaceous...... 5 9 |1506 8 Shale, black, in part containing slaty, hard, brown bands. Theupper portion is banded with thin layers of sandstone but the lower foot is very free from sand.............. 11 6 |1518 2 Sandstone, alternating light and dark- banded, dark-colored bands being very PRC ACE OMS ort eaice ap oh en alel ofats she iche sie! snpiee< on 11 10 {1530 + mee @6 \anceal 230 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. LOG OF DIAMOND DRILL HOLE ON W. F. DAVIS’ FARM NEAR FOREST CITY, MISSOURI. DRILLED IN 1901—Continued.. Stratum. Thickness.| Depth. } Fl. in. Ft. in. Pennsylvanian series—Continued. Cherokee shale—Continued. Goaltns xt. aieleerateress mlaiereloletelsteletaleisteiseleiatatette 2 {1530 2 Shale, dark, carbonaceous................ 4 1530 6 . Sandstone, light-gray, fine-grained, argil- laceous, fossiliferous.. < ccc cecwccwc cis 3 8 |1534 2 Sandstone, consisting of alternating light and dark-colored bands, the dark bands being argillaceous and becoming more j prominent toward base; contains ferru- ginous concretions; medium to fine-grained 11 7 (|1545 9 : Shale, banded, very arenaceous..........-..- 6 2° \1SSis eet Sandstone, bluish-gray, finely-laminated, mi- caceous; contains much carbonaceous MALTON al oyoteislele iste taiaiatele coed goGanD woa6 3 9 -|1555 8 Sandstone, buff to yellowish, coarse, pyritif- erous; contains numerous plant impres- sions which show as black streaks........ 1 7 1557 3 Shale, black, carbonaceous, somewhat sandy in places; contains a one-half inch bed of coal 5 inches from the base............. 2 10 |1560 1 Sandstone, light-colored, very fine-grained, argillaceous, in places carbonaceous; con- tains Sigillaria and other fossil plants; BIIGKOENSIGOU ts ererakelelelelereis ereleierelorers AS conto 6 2 (1566 3 Shale, dark-gray to black, in thin laminae; carbonaceous, with occasional hard, brown, ferruginous bands; slickensided........-. 14 1580 3 Sandstone, fine-grained, argillaceous, cal- careous; contains fragments which give it a rough, knotted, conglomeratic appear- BNEO aiajeie ce lehaie winlete instore levelmie ator etter Sievelenetel b Rig bs | 1582 2 Shale, black, bituminous, slightly micaceous 4 3 |1586 5 Sandstone, black, slightly calcareous, argil- a a laceous, fossiliferous, pyritiferous........ 1 3 |1587 8 Shale, black, arenaceous, especially at top, pyritiferous and micaceous...........-. 19 4 |1607 Shale, like above except for thin beds of gray, . micaceous sandstone in lower 2 feet...... 6 4 |1613 4 Sandstone, light-gray to white, porous; lower 2 feet calcareous, coarse-grained........ 4 10 |1618 2 Limestone, argillaceous, crystalline; contains stylolites with black bituminous material 7 (|1618 9 Sandstone, like that between 1613-4 and 1618-2, but finer-grained............--- 1 3 (1620 Sandstone, light-gray, calcareous, alternating with irregularly bedded fine-grained gray limestone; stylolites in limestone......... ep at > 11623 sat Mississippian series: St. Louis limestone: Limestone, gray to brownish-gray, cherty, semi-crystalline, dense and hard; stylolites which contain black, bituminous material; DYTIGIFELOUS Ss itis jc econ p ae seis lege seuss te vie viele 11 7 (1633 6 FOREST CITY DIAMOND DRILL HOLE. 231 LOG OF DIAMOND DRILL HOLE ON W. F. DAVIS’ FARM NEAR FOREST CITY, MISSOURI. DRILLED IN 1901—\Continued. Stratum. Thickness Depth. Mississippian series—Continued. St. Louis limestone—Continued. Limestone, dark-gray, argillaceous, fine- grained, fossiliferous............--+++-+- 2 9 1636 3 Limestone, brownish-gray, dense, fine- grained. Ground-mass with veins and vugs of calcite; stylolites. In lower 2 feet, thin, dark, wavy, shaly bands are abun- dant and extremely irregular. The two phases grade into each other............-. rh 1 1643 4 Limestone, gray, conglomeratic, separated from above by one-quarter inch shaly band; has some coarse sand grains in cementing material..............------ 3 |1643- 7 Limestone, dark-gray, hard, very fine- grained, having a very dense, compact texture; stylolites are numerous; pyritifer- ous; contains many small calcite crystals. Eighteen inches from the base is a 2-inch seam of sand and dark shale............ 11 2 |1654 9 Limestone, gray, irregularly bedded, argil- laceous and arenaceous, with greenish shaly layers diagonal to core...........- 7 (1655 4 Limestone, dark-gray, very fine-grained, compact; has many thin veins of calcite and pyrite; similar to the bed between 1643-7 and 1654-9...... Ace dopeo dep oee 5 10 |1661 2 Warsaw shale: Limestone, dark, pyritiferous, with irregular dark shaly layer8.........--+s+es-esee-s 1661 5 Shale, yellowish-green........... coooon edn 2 |1661 7 Limestone, light-gray, fine-grained, slightly arenaceous, earthy near the bottom; grades into arenaceous shale having a greenish color. The latter contains reddish, iron- stained quartz............ cooopgtostiod 4 7 |1666 2 Dolomite, gray, soft, argillaceous; contains small tubes filled with a white substance, wo and small white spots............-+.-+- 1 6 |1667 8 Shale, dark greenish-gray, arenaceous; slightly calcareous; geodes; pyritiferous... 4 5 1672 1 Sandstone, blue-green, calcareous, argil- : laceous; grading to shale at the bottom... 1 1 |1673 4 Shale, blue-green, arenaceous, micaceous.... 8 |1674 Shale, gray and green-banded, arenaceous, very fine-grained; contains quartz geodes. 3 6 |1677 6 Shale, blue, arenaceous.......... COONS Bo. 11 |1678 5 Sandstone, light, argillaceous, calcareous, fine-grained, texture earthy; resembles a cotton rock; contains a few fossils........ 1 7 +‘|1680 Limestone, light-gray, in places with darker bands, arenaceous, argillaceous, resem- bling a cotton rock, texture earthy; con- Darr STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. LOG OF DIAMOND DRILL HOLE ON W. F. DAVIS’ FARM NEAR FOREST CITY, MISSOURI. DRILLED IN 1901.—Continued. Stratum. Thickness.|; Depth. < Ft. in. Ft. in. Mississippian series—Continued. Warsaw shale—Continued. tains quartz-lined geodes. Two thin seams of soft dark shale, 2 inches and 4 inches thick, respectively, occur 4 inches apart near middlevwf bedi Soccer mescseree sogshoc | 10 11 |1690 11 Shale, dark greenish-gray; calcareous at top) | NC DOLLG OA 2". Slo-cpa cts ey wiepe cade aa oie gee eieene 1 9 |1693 8 Limestone, fine-grained, very arenaceous, cherty, pyritiferous..... bosnestaeancess5 5 4 1698 ‘Wiasted. (Cone, <25 ici leis cl uitsses tein se ieee | 2 1700 Sandstone, very fine-grained, argillaceous, calcareous; resembles cotton rock........ 1 6 1701 6 Burlington and Keokuk limestones: | Limestone, light to dark-gray, shading in places to bluish and brownish-gray; crys-| talline, coarse to fine-grained; cherty,| the chert usually of light color and fossilif- erous; stylolites common, and usually showing a thin film of bituminous material F contains five dark shale beds up to 19, inches thick and many thin, dark, shaly partings; fossiliferous........... os cet, 45 Oa hee Limestone, coarsely crystalline, showing a peculiar white silicious matrix in which are embedded large and small brownish Ouleite ‘Crystals, . =. «.c)/ Ft. in. Ft. in. Devonian—Continued. Upper Devonian—Continued. shaly partings, giving the rock a banded AD DSALTANCE tars sea yemenaiatevoise yore teeieyeraeienema tes if 7 |2109 10 Limestone, light to bluish-gray and brown- ish, hard, dense, semi-crystalline, with several’ thin dark-greenish shale bands.... 10 2 |2120 Limestone, light to dark-gray; semi-crystal- line to hard and dense. Some stylolites with green and dark shaly material; wavy, Bhaly, Parting). «scneveceeuele clelnieeleteletartalebetale 14 6 |2134 6 Middle Devonian: Dolomite, porous and crystalline, between 2134-6 and 2136-6 and 2143 and 2145-4; separating dolomite is limestone similar to VON Ano oo OU OOo Ue OOS ao acc a4 11 8 |2146 2 Dolomite, gray, finely crystalline and dense to earthy, with beds near top and middle MEL Yn ED OLOUS epee aise nteieie a cneieapenenciaie mvabeystaies a 13. 10 (2160 Dolomite, very dark gray, finely crystalline, porous in places; contains large vugs of GaIeLbe: tein en 1 6 294 4 Fire clay: WaT. sie, o amceieie ate annie a eens 5 8 300 LAimMestoneinniae seis wish esi als ia a tei anaes 5 305 Shalo, slaby od cise ae ~s Vs aoe s Seb eee 14 2 319 2 Lamestone 2s) sodas = Ss & A ne on ee 4 3 323 5 Cherokee shale: BUIBES oo 5, 5.5.00 6 whe wTe ls 68x ela We ee eee 1 324 6 Cosll io uf =>) & "46 "scare i 2 325 8 Slate.... (Lexington): |) .i+c ci atic et sees 8 326 4 Goals ca) ot = —o 1 Edie eiontinns 9 327 1 1Ten miles southeast of Kansas City (sec. 7, T. 48 N., R. 32 W.). Drilled in 1886. Record furnished by S. J. Hatch. or RAYTOWN DIAMOND DRILL HOLE. 24 RECORD OF STRATA IN CORE DRILLING NEAR RAY TOWN—Continued. Stratum. Thickness. Depth. yt Ft. in. Pennsylvanian series—Continued. Cherokee shale—Continued. IDMAAHCMBS oocdcboonceccoor or our non 12 9 339 10 SMS, shochs thoes didvyotdooonesocoOuone 12 2 352 Limestone, hard (‘“‘Rhomboidal’’).......... 3 6 355 6 SHEN; TOHEAGIRS os tonacgcagnoscapoeeaboesece 3 358 6 Coe)! (Stina) oo eseocecupooceseoopueauac 1 3 359 9 inte) GER sop abo bosodosanonebonoAnooeooS 4 2 7 362 4 TAINO =o so 000s06ConoeCoOneDODOnOOOES a 1 369 5 SIMS. soagc oc ooeeaodoopomUNe oo gsonODoOS 4 373 5 ILA PHCMAs oecooondoceaooonD aH eenonoo eds 4 3 377 8 fe oo.d 5 ao gee pO dicin oo pio oe olo-c.d'd Holo drop Gto 3 380 8 Coal (GMimlianyis 55 ostosccnoncocesoneoodode 1 381 8 INbe) GER > oad sn oodoopoee nD OunOOMOn OUND UD 5 8 387 4 SOMCINIOMO>s oGaccotocadedodepsdobdobodess TEL (0) 399 2 Sandstone, streaks of slate or shale........ 32 3 431 5 Slee MEN. sao ogcnatoaHpouCOUpDOOUOOoGOS 15 4 446 9 SH eas OEMS. ps cooncomoeconcadoupouDcd 5 6 452 3 COR (BENE) ooo oodoooonegeodoudooaDHNTce il 8 453 11 Sige QiaGl SEK. coonosddcaooedosdoeooodEe 49 502 11 SiBHOs 5 Moon oopoencucomd oaab Od po bud ob 6 508 11 CORI S nic coe ou onic oo 00 De Oo atic oc G ocecimn es 1 4 510 3 MANAGE oo oo ono o oo moo oa OND OeOD OO OR DON 8 518 3 latepamodeshalemscnencte.-hewchareimuekenedererene leleierocsisvicns 6 524 3 COs (So obnccoodoodscubs BuonenuanEcaads 10 525 1 IIMA MOMOs. cco aceoougenepecnoraonpaocdeS 18 6 543 7 Sandstone, showing of gas................ 16 2 559 9 Shalem Sam Gaygercaenem susan he ietoedstelleietictette erotics aliciieitsre 23 2 582 11 Sihalemsanciy, smn CaCCOUSS rs uecieisiele i= ereite sytels lade 37 7 620 6 Shale, sandy, streaks of slate............. 33 2 653 8 SaaClVOMe, .gonco6ocnns epoch ododcoronooddS 15 7 669 3 Sale SAW virseet wemecatan tear ee nodes oye se enn nome san sen ee, < 24 693 3 SNE. sisiociet he ope de tor Oot OO Ont or 15 708 3 Sandstone, coarse, salt water.............. 43 9 752 Mississippian series: Burlington-Keokuk: Limestone, shelly in places, with shale part- WONT coomeaonop acdd-o0 o Grd. cc ono. leno eoke 73 825 Limestone, light-colored, flinty layers....... 260 1085 Kinderhook group (?): Limestone, dark, with shelly layers........ 100 1185 Snerel, Clepdesrsolohlel Ganoannoaonodaunnoodae 15 1200 Ordovician: Joachim (?)?: Limestone, bluish, fine-grained, shelly in TEKS amin ooo coceoddoodouoOMAORIeoOS 57 1257 St. Peter: Sandstone, white at top, reddish at bottom! 64 1321 Cambro-Ordovician: Limestone, gray and brown...............- 129 1450 Limestone, shelly and clayey.............. 10 1460 : 1Correlation below 1,200 feet by E. O. Ulrich, U. S. Geol. Survey Water- Supply_Paper 195, p. 86, 1907. 246 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. RECORD OF STRATA IN CORE DRILLING NEAR RAYTOWN—Continued. Stratum. Thickness.| Depth. a Feet. Feet. Cambro-Ordovician—Continued. Limestone, light, coarse, and porous....... 160 1620 Limestone, Shelly: sre. ctyeravesetevele erence raielienahelates store 20 1640 Sandstone white osoeco0scooonobeog onamocnno ed 3 4 295 10 (STaWey, FACE R gosh casey Snc.o 6 tes0 OO DIG o oes che De Oree 6 4 302 2 Sala, ielH ae) Ca. nb eo sucoboosononoeuSS "if 4 309 6 Gor (erase TCM IEMD) o bcc onoGaecosndecad 2 2 311 8 OY odo boob oee heer ne Goomem eheacoe mos 2 6 314 2 Siva Cbeewenchensticacwencrsnerse ct cucner hte dows vay hebairecsiawsKener ons 1 315 2 Shales dark toy blackyeslatiyee. ic. eile =) 1 27, 342 2 Cael Won 1k iepil)) oo So oon coaeodesops 2 5 344 7 CASS nein o oalde ao Ode boo Gol bic o.oo morn ainors 1 3 345 10 Sines, Gevdetseo 4 onloom ooo deo Ee on Ome oN 5 350 10 ILIAC on 5omotoo oon eho omen eD ead oouaS 6 1 4 352 2 Simei, “WHEN” ois ncn nod nod oad ehdanfe sveh ay ustisisscs Lea 2 354 2 Isimestone and! Shale jets + em les se) seeestoe Sale = = 10 364 2 Sandstone: dark tol light... 3.2.0.2 66-55. -- 9 373 2 ShhaleterayssanG yeas ciciercner ie ic eeaenase BR - ) 376 Coaltewathupantin ese craccme caeverncueet eaten chet es 6 376 6 (SN a FEW Vo va Ke tra oy Otc OR OScREL NCE eet conic REO are ee 9 8 386 2 Shalesisaimn Ciyieece-sce mec ret weiss vec mcusiieatey nieitee. = vals 1 8 387 10 Iban. y ooo ooo oo Nd co ond Sen DOS 1 4 389 2 Shale wdank. SlAtys. ee. ere let eievetee is eisne cue cteraure 17 406 2 SNalecalCareOusrp- iis meweatsetetene eee aaa-a ne 2 2 408 4 Shalemsand yee sete cea eter eetica eer esis cre 2 3 410 7 Shalem ltohitywaecensneseerces iene tv betel nena ee aie 8 7 419 2 SALE SANG yg. aye renescee eo stefed enon sate te te eter eee ehcv nes 33 452 2 Sige, Game, ssh anccasreunodnguemencac con 2 6 454 8 Shalem black-ySlautiventen-aemet cataract esr eemenanen mena 8 455 4 (Co filere aig. ccc mta-cic-bie 0 Bio Hone ofvo co bre aieKcle. ararens 69 5 455 9 (Cien7, -CleyelesiG 5 opi cco 08 Cdibaicin Siento io oa es 1 5 457 2 See) CRS pas oddodecseouon amr sooo enn eS 10 467 2 Sincike, infalsin Eile S be ouporonnecocoeenotan 2 469 2 SUED SIP Boo. goin. com bo Ot bond Seiten Dee Fi 476 2 SIND, Clewle ns como gsoaocedanpdgeocnodase 9 485 2 SiGe, Wel oo ec agsorannoooo moo ooobedosS 3) 494 2 SMG. CHICO Co ba aceone oman dponsoed 3 497 2 Mississippian series: SINE STONE pyeegenes ene teke ok ettco eed eetaenate eet 6 503 2 248 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. RECORD OF STRATA IN DRILLING NEAR BERULIN.! (Altitude of surface at curb about 870 feet.) Stratum. - Thickness. |Depth. Feet, Feet. Recent series: Soil and gravel’. 'o-.stsic whee ee ee 14 14 Pennsylvanian series: Lansing formation: Plattsburg limestone: himestoney MAG eye = secneessrepe st eectees Melanesia eee 12 26 Shale Might blues)... ei eae 3 29 Ghimestone,78Oftiic 5 - ive. -b-c2 ot cts ete rereneters ete 2 31 Lane shale: Pots CE en Cecioie cial 4 Gao OS CORIO Doerr OR oA a 3 34 Thimesto ne -yWohaysrcceg evetens akon Mine eee ee 3 37 Bihalenyew.se-carararencrens mata ctereiey teeicne rr taenc en acta 2 39 LimestOne:: eieites wie Gee = ere el pie ee reba ee Zee 41 pS CORONER Cher Che RRO Catchy Com LC Seiad Chee MONA 4 45 Pri OSTOMO) aire wire larsvellahes ellevstavaha us tetanevetedstersearseees 2 47 Shale; iblaem ce eres tees ee eae ae 31 78 Kansas City formation: Iola limestone: Himestone: and! sand tc. niel..<- clciterciebereetaeare 2% 80% Chanute shale: Shale a oocugcoes ponds HoOe ode ane rock comodd 10 362 10 MGIC s Cla Vgtiton ay Mec mec eco Wncnseee ensue cls eac iciseuweate ches 1 2 364 SHMENG, Glebe SEinyolod enn mosnueAoeouenaeaeT 6 370 (Gore Cg AiO Gracie Oo ENO Bae GO Cn ERO Ore oR Enno 1 6 371 6 SMe, WES oho oa boo Gone HO aD Deo ooUR abe 2 6 374 Shoalemdank shards slativacerearn cise ciercie sensi 76 450 Shalemslaiteyiq SamMCiygs ree ierersienomeseadet erties destin 6 456 Shale sblackwslaty-nn s caorhecsttesscsnepeh cave ess sone ace 4 6 460 6 Sandstone, fossiliferous...............-..-; of 6 468 SihiailemeslativyeySealnclivyan sp asia heater ceoneu in oieten en overs 1 469 Shale; dark welaty.. vais sigene ate seh wespa acevereie: aneps 3 472 Sandstone, gray............. Ch ic OrGlohn eo eraioiees 6 478 Mire Clay;: SAM yes. 1... harcesagerchs: sees) sucmehaces aan eiien 4 482 SiMe, LOM HEMhe og 6 adancoanen sonemaua ou 4 482 4 fSEyoelynomN\s, aero 6 odo ute odode Oo moo oe oow oO COe 3 6 485 10 Shales black slatyia ic «cree: cogetavel epsie-e skiers «ots 4 8 490 6 (OXON dbaker coho pro cece peOlcrorciad fpr on tus. ha eheorel canes 9 491 3 TI OR CLAY sponta ce sare) witerieice ie eree cre ets airy such ahem seas nese ere 3 5 494 8 ShalemslativenSanGya.eeven-nu mney seme ete een eta 3-4 498 Clayblacksaneucmerseutks ces ewe aa rea oe vary sts 2 2 500 2 OAM ea seen eceter ete ie cm sosire o. shane Pe tome aee tone haiane even: races 1 2 501 4 Inti). GEN; GLICK 5 o's Ane aebacancrceenboanone 1 2 502 6 PANGS LOM wr PT Viewe mers iota pote tedster varcenousst riietiees 3 6 506 Shale, black, slaty... 3.0... ; : nieiaite 6 6 512 6 252 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. RECORD OF STRATA IN CORE DRILLING ON KEATING FARM ABOUT THREE MILES SOUTH OF PRINCETON—Continued. Stratum. Thickness. Depth. Ft. in. Ft. in. Pennsylvanian series—Continued. Cherokee shale—Continued. Hire Clay sone ane ae eee eerie Roane Lene 514. 6 SanaGstoners kk. erepeves a casuvist ere efetoucre cuales ickewede 3 6 518 Shale) black, slaty.) pede ss. 0 oe skanenake was sal ieee il 518 11 Coal. 2 elle, eo) A rence race ae tee 2 6 521 5 “Binder” Ccainenvt BPR Ar host eee rt 2) 22s een Coalecce ger wee WE A eee, weens smears cred decree ete 2 6 526 2 Fire clay..... ence cere eee s eee meee LL 20 528 Shale; lightens gia seis vats oe hausy sche, aioueay tes 2 530 RECORD OF STRATA IN CORE DRILLING NEAR SAXTON.! Stratum. Thickness. Depth. Ft. in. Ft. in. - Pleistocene series: (OE greene Cho oi ook Ohaootic oto Oo S.C 23 23 Samba eee yetelarausteeueey sasnere ta cis aR ean Seen ee 2 25 Gravelly 2 voc 35,e-aicle Gas bee reap en ee OR eee 4 29 Pennsylvanian series: Douglas formation: Weston shale: Shale, blues 4 acs cere as os ore eas crete eon 1 30 Lansing formation: Stanton limestone: Diimestonel ir tacve care, ccenege eueyes el Pes lone eens ee 1 31 Shale; Due ais cree oxo eect eaeicye aioe nee ke 1 32 AMM CStORSs. ciraisc 65. oe > epeuei els) Seusy rel mia eunt oil aeieee 20 52 Vilas shale: Shales PLUG gees ke ae eee ee eee bs 4 6 56 «6 Plattsburg limestone: 4 : PALM SRT OMS vauecare, sheer avenetee is eedanar stencr etait Men ae tan 16 6 73 Lane shale: Shale, ‘blue.'a 5...5 <05 (acs tree a: cee er aniela pie eterna ee 6 79 EMOStONGS i aiiccleexs teva sim area ele ter etane rina aeneee a 80 SONGStONE).: 2). «mae sche mucin cRee eee we Sie. shai eta 17 97- Shale: DlWex syarsax sca eave aritaial nota erageye mee ere i 98 Limestone. .........-; Rte ee Othe 2 100 §Bhale, DIWGs ci ccc.e awinre ie Se Pw Qos side sae 9 109 Eats GOWG oh e 6, 5: 5e ls, wine in larai nema ie ob aeons eae 4 113 BBall; PMO sc corse fo hep ee a ee Ages 4 117 LAMeEStONE 4: 5.5:< eye s,s 2.0 ae dim avers aimtele pie Seine ak 118 Bhule; BIW. os ss sc.s i wis Chine Oe ee 38 156 Kansas City formation: : Iola limestone and Chanute shale: ALINE GO Ook w ur uh 55 yo atte nish, Sew ya cys ke) &. ke REE 7 6 163 6 Limestone, fossiliferous.. ... Se ta he ‘ 4 167 6 ‘Drilled between May 3 and June 26, 1900. Reported to be near junction of Platte and 102 rivers. SAXTON DIAMOND DRILL HOLE. RECORD OF STRATA IN CORE DRILLING NEAR SAXTON—Continued. Stratum. Thickness.| Depth. Jibs Us 1a Oi10s Pennsylvanian series—Continued. Kansas City formation—Continued. Iola limestone and Chanute shale—Continued. Shalom Lie a sbeaay tak see raneretectey erat ercre ele es onc eee a 3 6 171 Sihalewblacke risa ce cate ete cnsee eke aa tee sees onans 1 6 172 6 ALIMEHLOMC Regt sete es ois eee kocaaeekesams pachereabene 6 173 (SINGH eulbilaie Sroso 0 ona olanatamilin a elo Gicnc oaucd een tc Pers 5 178 Shale waraven ace wie axis reccistieleieses ach Sats dhens 4 182 TbfiaA SOAS Jc. epee Gidea cee Pe IE A Oe RS ee 4 186 Sate ye DLLs eats once oh aieands ot Soe eS oie cons 8 194 Drum limestone!: ULTIMO SCOM Cyaan ce on enelislssrothe wok yn ishielte seks denahs Sheena ecchsite 6 200 Cherryvale shale: Miele wil er ercstet nascke pate nens che teoets.he ae taeensy ik oe sie 1 6 201 6 Top tremays\monaKet hee gute St cee loca Cate nee aR beeen 1 202 6 Shalom lie mene em ees any eer eeieien otic er eres 3 6 206 PIMOS TOM Ore. se ances: oe hensaa uname se ee yene 5 211 Shalewblurer syeweeat yee nis eee nerek cca orccsencizeecno nis 7 218 Sina erekOssiliterOlsiweys mee mine erent ease riley. 4 222 Shale splirentrr wich wcu tee eae esed A aaeek gy ae 2 224 WIMEStOne rte wok iets Cea laye ashen cP ieaay caalcen eccaaes vase 2 226 Singlomiblu chess wer s etn ccay stoners eaten aa cea Mou cy oe 7 233 MGI ESLOME)=y cir cre, case sieeen ott ci snawecama: sonata enews 5 238 Stale blite tenses he eo rower che eee ta 6 244 Winterset limestone: IMIMES COME ee eta ace the ee los sdp epee te toe eee 8 252 Hale MOLL e my eran cae want epea eo eps b viene Role welicdeuete 1 253 Terra ae]ii( oh ache enleplr cette Aaa Ee ean en acca eRe 20 273 Galesburg shale: Sitallonmpltievrcinca error ack oy ic ciate erie yee crane 2 275 Shalom blac kaapeyeton temewenen oot is eiicu sree tester eiseiairone 2 277 Shales solute rstarcwewacseacnabeteteo en ven cec bats leiden en ceheee 2 279 Bethany Falls limestone: MINES LONE ever ar sinine sear PNR de hover oo iota 21 6 300 6 Ladore shale: Shale plete ss ccna sesso eehe es cenienn care eave 2 302 3) Hertha limestone: MAMVESTOME Ms. scores ema Renn aie ienabene eh aie eerie sane 18 6 321 Pleasanton formation: Biale sip leie Wea ccicatl,« stl Otte vhege, hase reese aes. cate 1 322 (Chops lin(C OW AKL ioe epte tava od Riese oc OOO ee Tie eee 1 322 1 Sea oe Glee yery vary yhten vi a eae oe Sisco aes il 323 SINALSS Sam Gy: casera te xchat alaneee oat ettes nodes Alay a 40 363 SivalessbLWeR cs ashe ake ee meteor errant coats shane 45 408 Siialetiel aye. toto ae eon cree an eee 3 411 MM ALO TMD IWSN. ose aroeaecn aay uae veve nen atens itera tisscas 5 416 Sihalestsandiy: . cwstor pe ce eve cuca ene ce olen 13 429 Sal] Gs LWe a traccesy ores char cae more tar ean ears ia 440 HMATITESTONO scree re Ree a aie he ee eee 1 441 SHalemb lire scot er te ances evsloteeer sh siete ate. iets 8 449 Henrietta formation: MATES TONE Rwsucpa eteactle: sycuchehonsie een wane terslopeliousee ie 3 452 Sales (Bam. deyastedess renee sae cer ey aber ate nce aorteie ia ale tiers 6 458 iMay include some of the thin beds below. 254 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. RECORD OF STRATA IN CORE DRILLING NEAR SAXTON—Continued. Stratum. Thickness.| Depth. Rts a7 Ft. in. Pennsylvanian series—Continued. £ Henrietta formation—Continued. IWbecieba ees cme ceoo ro ono Goedoe Ono od oo 2 460 SHale, SANG. vxiccioycvsteyeteare miei ele reteuaterete eae eee 3 463 Shale, \DIWOS ocusceseye seer yates = aes ar eta teen 12 475 Shale, CalcaTrGOuBicrefernnie cot eioe ye eeee ate 8 483 Limestone, conglomeratic. 2.0. ..2 002.0 oe 2 485 Shale; DlACKSr. .-s.< ten cle erste ree siete teetabess ape eae 3 488 AB bers ooomadvocKee doopob ome daoos4o cs 1 489 Sandstone cio. vats acs aa tee tewssveces ees ese oe 6 495 Shale; ‘blacks... sss see caw Sokege ge, Moto 11 6 506 6 Limestone blwececy-neic) suciewers aes cetera a cetendeaene 1 6 508 Shale; DIU seagate use cate ier aes oacbarenabecexs eet Aap tates 1 509 Shale, blacks AJ. Ay. ekceus teens oae ei ctaee oe ee 1 510 Shale; Plus serosa eee rarer aie eee 5 510 5 Lol sy NES Get aires Src OO A oegekdn 7 511 Shale}, bluei ne seycccie cre cactole cieie ones cimacuer sie ieee 8 2 519 LAMM OB COMG i6i5 coo) a. aiiaser ng fav iat ere os Se ace eee 7 526 Shale} /DlWemice., stereeretie eat eee eee eke eae ee 9 535 Gwin aals\s\noy Velen sents cee o.c i PO citi amec ina aionce 3 538 Shale, mixed with limestone............... 5 543 IOrbanNe}:} opt oicee eGo OA oboe b oot ocr acdc s A 6 547 6 Cherokee shale: ; Shale; with lay ersiof Sands. so ile oscs stearic. cuecate 3 550 6 Shale; sDlUe joie cos) «pale ooeust ous erehelonetesorete sacieaeneie 2 6 553 Band stome ew xo rire crcasengegsrsr a: a) Ws telereuny cnkeerer aa 5 558 Shale; clayey ti. yscsy-.cioteetene ce mus ee one 4 562 SLM ASK KEN Go oncadoo MOUND OO Se one oc OeaoS 3 565 Shale; Gan ayers rec. nate eesuassevahenerotetacerstoas eae ee 13 578 Bhale; Dies; «5 sels. yoyo eres ee Bie oe 9 587 SanGetonenyayocye mechsvewniee ctoietes eke eyeue te taie teresa 3 590 PSUs Aes eee tn tet orcad en Huts Se 6 596 Sandstone ips eee we eee ein aes eisye abet 2 598 Shale, DWE. 5. sin sete a eva cyajacske oat aaah isue artes 16 614 CAD DOCK ie rs vec teins etetenct aren it hort aa Ne ay Oe 1 615 Coal( Bedard). aia aisiates © misearoinee aie aaa 1 8 616 8 SANGBEONG «: ./6 nia ates ix: bussalee ve valle: etal/s esto uate’ enstoeene 11 4 628 Shale; blade. i. so ter pci te See 17 645 CGal CBE Wier) (erd Fsia eee coca atone Crain iseaten a enepenen 1 9 646 9 Shale; LIS sspears suey ste ava, sysceleree eis oteap eenatg eee eee 3 3 650 Em estone severe wise aeais ie esis nie aes casiaiene enn 3 653 Bihale, Bless fais’. ajarnre ere sucye) taretnis aietyatets) sae 4 657 pC CRCE (sk gaints 4 chy ob enuchcene One gig O omengcrcna 8 665 Shale, blues wow «he ices els saya ane ees 2 667 SANGStONG we. ices ess wv se ce ayes aca eee 8 675 Shale pSand yi sie ccocors avers wieicw rere Tae cee ere 5 680 = Shale; Dlaek. shock w.cccsttve coms) arms lene neraies eam 3 683 Shale, sandy... .)c< ante cus aiale ore eteteie se Siete early 3 686 Rihiale; (DVAOK). soc re: < etre shale here oehedene aieretals cree 2 4 688 4 RR aca a,.6 apie: 5) 8l'm iss) ja mm Bice) eee ale an eee ee 1 5 689 9 BAIS S DIU ashe. soc 'nsn fs evele ian cera etae sts Mie ranateme 2 3 692 Shale; Sandys). sv. ~ crc ovals bia one eieeete iets teeta aan 18 710 Biiaie,, DiaGinn cies ws Hei hie saree ee See 8 6 118 256 GGL oie cane, 52 oP ayatn oh ares coe Wa nm ee ers 1 6 720 SAXTON DIAMOND DRILL HOLE. 255 RECORD OF STRATA IN CORE DRILLING NEAR SAXTON—Continued. | Stratum. Thickness. Depth. Ft. in. Fl. in. Pennsylvanian series—Continued. Cherokee shale—Continued. Shalem cla yeyicrccscaseconcnsrsrese es cena. atte sau ease sek eaas 14 734 Shale wblachketpeeewser et cer ener oveie esta secede eas 8 9 742 9 COAilo so Gua con Unde doo UOMO enh Gocco ciolorS 1 6 744 3 Shale Mbpluewis.< sie sistedinees > ~~, G28 & © ~~ - :—. .-” | FOSSIL FLORA. 259 knowledge of the coal flora of Missouri is based, indicate the existence of swamps in which tall trees of Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, and Calamites grew in areas partly covered by very ’ shallow fresh water. Many of the associated herbaceous types, belonging mainly to Sphenopteris, Neuropteris, and Pecopteris, were large, some of-them probably 30 feet or more in height. Others were slender, delicate-fronded types that climbed or clambered over the more robust species. The habit of these plants clearly indicates a tropical or sub-tropical climate, to which the large thin-walled cells of the wood, the absence of distinct annual rings, and the presence of structures adapted to the protection of the plants during dry seasons also point. The flora of the coals of Henry County contains some membra- naceous types, but many of the fern-like plants, including forms of delicate tropical habit, are villous or even coriaceous. Ac- cordingly, since the plants undoubtedly belonged to a swamp flora, it becomes probable that the xerophytic features were developed to enable the plants to withstand brief periods of lowering of the water level, i. e., short, dry seasons. That these dry seasons were not long, and that the general climate was amply humid, is shown by the structural adaptations of many of the types and by the formation of the peat itself. Paleobotanical correlations—While referring to the flora from the Henry County coals, the writer takes advantage of the opportunity to review and revise certain conclusions published in U. S. G. S. Monograph 37 as to the age of the plant bearing beds,—i. e., the shales over the coals at the Owen and Jordan coal banks and at Gilkerson’s ford of Grand River: At the time of writing the report mentioned above, when the floras of the different epochs in the type sections of the Penn- sylvanian in the Appalachian trough were but little known, it was concluded that the flora from the coals of Henry County was probably to be correlated with that of the middle or Kittan- ning group of coals in the Allegheny formation, the suggestion being made that the Owen coal flora might perhaps be as young as the Upper Kittanning coal florain Pennsylvania. Since 1898, the date of publication of that report, the writer has examined more fully the floras of the Allegheny formation, as well as those from many formations in the underlying Pottsville group, and it is in the light of these later studies that the following notes concerning the relations and the distribution of some of 260 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. the species from the Henry County coals are brought espe- cially to the attention of geologists and paleontologists. Among the species described in Monograph 37 Eremopteris bilobata D. W., really a representative of the genus Cheilanthites of Goppert, is a survivor of the Cheilanthites of the upper Potts- ville. Its latest near relative in America seems to be the Cheil- anthites (Sphenopteris) solida Lx., which is probably nearly con- temporaneous. The short, blunt, erose or denticulate lobes of Eremopteris missouriensis Lx. are in evidence of the descent of this species from the group represented in the Pottsville by the Ecemopteris Cheathami Lx. It iscomparable also to Sphenop- teris Royi Lx., fromthe middle Pottsville, and it finds close kin- ship in the plant from Coal “No. 2” of Illinois, recorded in the reports as Sphenopteris spinosa Goepp. The approximation of the age of the coals worked near Clinton to the uppermost part of the Pottsville epoch is possibly shown in no group more closely than in the round-lobed Cheil- anthites. The plant described by Lesquereux as Pseudo- pecopteris obtusiloba (Brongn.) Lx., plainly a Cheilanthites, is almost unknown in even the basal portion of the Allegheny formation in the Appalachian trough. It finds its closest relative in the Kanawha formation (upper Pottsville), where the species is developed in characteristic aspect. Mention should be here made also of the frond fragment with compact thick, round-lobed pinnules, shown in plate 7, figure 4 of the cited Monograph, which represents a plant possibly indistin- guishable from an undescribed but widely distributed species of Cheilanthites that is characteristic of the upper Pottsville. Of the species from the Henry County coals that have been referred to the genus Mariopteris, MM. sphenopteroides (Lx.) Zeill. is best known in the flora of coal No. 2 in Illinois, while the fragment described as the ‘“‘Mariopteris sp.”, in plate 9 of the Monograph is very distinctly uppermost Pottsville in facies. Another species pointing toward a very late Pottsville date for the Henry County coals is Crossotheca ophioglosoides (Lx.) D. W., a plant almost unknown above the lowest horizon of the Allegheny formation. It belongs to a type characteristic of the highest coal of the Kanawha formation, namely, the Upper Mercer. Further, Pecopleris vestita Lx. represents a form that is now recognized as essentially characteristic of the Mercer coals, though it seems to be present also in the lowest portion of the Allegheny formation. FOSSIL FLORA. 261 The plant described by Lesquereux as Pecopteris Clintoni has a close parallel in the Mercer coals, where is found also a species, possibly indistinguishable from Pecopteris Jenneylt, which at the time of its description was regarded by the writer as tending to show a rather late Kittanning age for the Henry County coal beds. The Neuropteris described by Lesquereux as NV. missouriensis belongs unquestionably to the N. flexuosa group, being but little removed from the latter species. It has no known representa- tion above the Mercer coals in the Appalachian or other American coal fields. In this connection it may be remarked that Linop- teris Gilkersonensis D. W. perhaps equals Neuropteris missou- riensis in weight of evidence for the lower stratigraphic reference of the flora of the Henry County coals, since it, too, is highest Pottsville in facies. The genus Linopteris is unknown below the Mercer coals. Passing from the Cycadofilices and ferns to the other plant groups described from Henry County we note that types possibly indistinguishable from Sphenophyllum fasciculatum (Lx.), seem to be rare if actually present in post-Pottsville beds. On the other hand there are in the flora of the Henry County coals many plants such as Callipteridium Sullivanti (Lx), Weiss, which are, in general, to be regarded as indicative of Allegheny age. Other species, such as Sphenopteris mixta Schimp, Oli- gocarpia missouriensis Lx., a very large and rather delicate type, and Aletkopteris ambigua Lx., suggest an horizon very low in the Allegheny. It may be noted also that Callipteridium Sulli- vanti, though apparently confined to the Allegheny formation, seems most at home near coal “‘No. 2” in the Eastern Interior Basin. From the foregoing it will be seen that the evidence of the fossil plants, as interpreted according to our present knowledge of the Pennsylvanian flora, indicates for the Henry County coals an horizon at the base of the Allegheny formation, if not, as seems slightly more probable, in the uppermost portion of the Pottsville. The flora of the Bevier coal in the region north of the Missouri River is not well known, but a small collection of fossil plants has fortunately been gathered from this horizon at Bevier. Since this later-collected paleobotanical material has not yet been systematically studied and compared, the correlative conclusions based upon its preliminary inspection are but 262 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. tentative. It appears, however, from a superficial examination of the plant material from this horizon, that the Bevier coal is probably very closely contemporaneous with, if not actually identical, with the Murphysboro coal (“No 2’’) of western Illinois, which undoubtedly is of very nearly the same age as the Brookville coal, at the base of the Allegheny formation in the Appalachian trough, and which in Illinois is, with its under- clay, made the base of the Carbondale formation. ‘This tenta- tive correlation, based upon the fossil plants, has, in the judg- ment of both Mr. Henry Hinds and the writer, found a measure of corroboration in the stratigraphic features of the beds en- closing the coal. The somewhat meagre material secured from the roof of the Bevier coal does not seem to include such a representation of the more ancient elements in the flora of the Henry County coals as would naturally be expected were the latter-coals equal to or later in age than the Bevier coal. It is therefore reasonable to conclude that the Henry County coals, (Owens and Jordans Banks) are not younger than the Bevier coal. On the other hand, it appears slightly probable that they are, in fact, a little older. A direct comparison of the flora of the Jordan coal in Henry County with that of the Murphysboro coal in Illinois likewise leads to the provisional conclusion that the former is slightly earlier in age, thus tending to favor its reference to the uppermost Pottsville, to which epoch, in the light of the infor- mation obtained since 1898, it is accordingly tentatively assigned by the writer. The paleobotanical evidence now available, though not fully investigated, points toward the correlation of the Bevier coal in northern Missouri with coal “‘No. 2”’, the Murphysboro bed, which with its underclay forms the base of the Carbondale formation in Illinois. CHAPTER VIII. INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. BY GEORGE H., GIRTY. DISCUSSION OF FAUNAS. The collections on which this discussion of the invertebrate paleontology is based are the work of many hands. By far the largest number were procured by Mr. F. C. Greene, though others shared in the work. Much of the Cherokee material was collected for the United States Survey by Mr. Gilbert Van Ingen. In all, the collections upon which this report is based amount to 253, and they include representatives of nearly 350 species. The largest number from one formation is 53, from the Cherokee shale, and the most varied fauna is that of the Douglas formation, which contains 148 species; the Kansas City formation with seven more collections lacks only 4 or 5 species of containing an equal number. ‘The following list shows these data by formations: Collections. Species. Wabaunsee formation....:..........:.: 4 9 Shawnee tormation: « . <1e 26 ses ss ern ole 20 100 Douwglashrormila FiO Miya eeu tors eicesueeten 40 148 Mansin eet orm atlOn\-\cperenct-/aiiteicicee neers 35 114 Kansas City formation................ 47 143 Pleasanton eformabiony. 2). sis esl. else) = 1 19 74 ElenricttaytOnma tions) owe ie scnsts nue) Se che ec. 35 83 C@herokealshaletece. = act te eee errors 53 120 MEOW Sat oR ecovre Deiat oc COMO O 253 The mere handling of so much material, aggregating many thousands of specimens, has been a task of large proportions and I have received some help both from Mr. Greene and from Mr. P. V. Roundy, by whom some of the collections were sepa- rated and identified. All identifications were carefully reviewed by me, however, except a few species of fenestelloids determined by Mr. Greene. It may be worth while to consider what object is sought in such work as this, whether the object has been attained in the present instance, and whether the results justify labors so (263) 264 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. considerable. Although a certain number of new species were discovered in the course of this investigation they by no means furnished the motive for the work, nor would they be any adequate return for that which has been performed. Indeed, it would have been practicable to pick out the new species and describe them without doing much of the work which was done. The desirability of supplementing such careful stratigraphic work carried on over so wide an area by a report on the fossils obtained, and the opportunity of making a comprehensive study of faunas of so extensive a section under such favorable con- ditions, were the actuating considerations for an undertaking of which the results make but a small showing for the time and pains demanded. Although considerable attention has been given to this same line of research in the neighboring state of Kansas, the present investigation, which concerns a different though contiguous area, promised both to add to the other and to furnish a check upon it. In all nearly 350 species have been recognized in our col- lections from the Pennsylvanian rocks in Missouri. Besides ascertaining the range of these species in the section and their varying assemblages into the formational faunas, an interesting field of research would be to trace the changes which some of the long-lived species underwent, changes which might not warrant, or at least have not warranted, recognizing them as more than a single species, but which might prove to have a fixed place in the sedimentary record and thus to be capable of serving as an index, when checked by other evidence, of the age of any fauna brought into question. A typical species for an investigation of this sort would be Composita sublilifa, under which are united quite a variety of kindred and connected forms, which no one has as yet had the hardihood to distinguish and to name. Prob- ably they are not separate species, but probably some of them would be found to have a place in the development of the type in geologic time. From the enticements of this field of research I have had to turn away, the lack of time and the pressure of other duties preventing me from entering it. My work has thus perforce been prosecuted along broader or at least other lines and-is conditioned on the acceptance of most of the specific units as with their time-honored boundaries. The best method of conducting an investigation such as this, is to break up each collection into its constituent species, INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. 265 and to assemble for study at one time the specimens of each species from all the localities at which it has been found. Besides opening the way to a complete and comprehensive study of every species, this method enables oné to identify many specimens otherwise indeterminable by establishing a reasonable specific identity with better specimens which are determinable. It crystallizes the specific concept while confusing the faunal con- cept. This method for several reasons I have not adopted here. The species have been identified collection by collec- tion, but although this has been a slight disadvantage, sufficient care has been exercised and sufficient checks have been applied to make the identifications accurate and consistent. In certain groups greater refinement is both desirable and possible. My treatment of the Fusulinas is very inadequate and my determinations of many of the Bryozoa unsatisfactory. Both groups require special study by means of thin sections and con- stitute little problems by themselves, but their investigation was not vital to my purpose and I could not command the time to undertake it. It must not be understood, however, that many of the Bryozoa have not been thin-sectioned and much study given to their identification. In choosing the form of presentation of the evidence in such a study as this for the judgment and use of other paleontol- ogists, much depends on the nature of the case. If the faunas have been little studied and have a more or less peculiar facies with many of the forms doubtfully identical with described spe- cies, it is almost necessary to furnish illustrations and de- tailed descriptions which may serve as vouchers for the identi- fications and for the conclusions in correlation that are based upon the identifications. This method is less essential in the present case, for Missouri is part of the paleontologically best- known Carboniferous area of America and most of the species found in the collection are common and have been described and figured over and over again. Consequently it has been thought necessary to figure or describe in the present paper only the new species or those about which some question had arisen. Most of the features that invite comment in these faunas are mentioned under the formations in which they are exhibited. As in Kansas so here the rocks forming the geologic column of the Pennsylvanian consist of alternate limestones and shales. Many of them were originally regarded as formations and named as such, but here they are considered as members of larger 266 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. groups which are designated formations and to which they are severally assigned. It has been noted in the Kansas section, and is equally true of this, that but few of the shale members are fossiliferous and that most of the invertebrate fossils occur in the limestone members. It has sometimes been held, and reasonably so in so far as faunal facies are governed by habitat, that one type of fauna, broadly speaking a molluscan fauna, occurs in shale formations and another type of fauna, a molluscoidean fauna, oc- curs in limestone formations. To some extent this generaliza- tion is borne out by the collections from the Missouri coal field. That it is not more amply supported by this evidence may be due to several causes. The conditions that determined the deposition of beds of shale or of limestone are probably only one of the factors that determined the character of the marine animals found in them. Again it is fairly certain that all Mol- lusca, or all Molluscoidea, were not adapted to one environment. Certain types of the one doubtless throve best in the environ- ment generally most suited to the other. It is also not improb- able that many of our fossils have been swept by currents from the place where they lived and died, into an alien and unfavor- able environment. Furthermore, although the sedimentary record, as I have already mentioned, is expressed lithologically in terms of alternating shales and limestones, there is of neces- sity some limestone in the shale members and some shale in the limestone members, so that if we had the complete facts at our disposal the theory might receive even more support than now appears. However that may be, as represented in my collections, some of the shale faunas abound in brachipods and some of the limestone faunas are relatively speaking rich in pelecypods. Indeed, to a certain extent the formations here considered expressed themselves biologically in faunas in which the molluscan and molluscoidean elements predominate alter- nately, although in the formations as a whole one kind of rock does not seem to prevail and the fossils themselves were derived chiefly from the limestone members. Too little attention has been paid to the relationship between fossil faunas and their environment expressed in terms of lithology, although the subject forms an attractive, if difficult, field of investiga- tion. The occurrence at different horizons of dwarf faunas, or faunas in which most of the species are of conspicuously diminu- tive size, has long been the subject of comment. In so far as INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. 267 my personal experience goes, these faunas are relatively rich in pelecypod and gastropod types, and although brachiopods may be numerous as individuals, they are apt to be below normal in variety, at least in comparison with the molluscan representation. Such a fauna is one that was collected at Kansas City in the Kansas City formation, and that intro- duces into the fauna of the Kansas City formation, otherwise composed largely of brachipods, a noteworthy assemblage of pelecypods and gastropods. Faunas of this type occur usually in an oolitic rock and this holds true of the collection imme- diately under discussion. It 1s not, however,-true that all faunas that existed under conditions conducive to the formation of oolites were subnormal in size. It is interesting to remember that the Kansas City occurrence is supposed to be at the horizon of the Drum limestone of Kansas. At the typical locality of the Drum, however, the Drum limestone is conspicuously oolitic, yet the fauna which it contains is not only abundant but peculiarly robust in the size of its individuals. CHEROKEE SHALE. This, the basal formation of the Pennsylvanian in this region, is at once the thickest of the section and also that from which the largest number of collections has been made. These are 53 in number, while the number of species entered in the table is 120. Taken as a whole the fauna is more well-balanced than many which occur in the Pennsylvanian, the three great groups of brachiopods, pelecypods, and gastropods being well represent- ed, the former somewhat less, the two latter more abundantly than usual. The almost complete absence of Bryozoa, even of the fenestelloids, is noteworthy. If I were to give a zonal name to this formation because of some ever-present and ever-abundant species, I would call it the Marginifera muricata zone both because that species is so per- sistent in this fauna and because it is found sparingly at higher horizons. As is not unusual where small Producti are abundant, the larger types are less well represented. This is true to some extent of the fauna as a whole but is still more true of individual faunules in which the Marginiferas are abundant and the larger Producti scarce or absent (e.g. Pustula semipunc- tata). Some of the other common Pennsylvanian types of brachiopods also are scarce or absent altogether. Among the 268 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. rare forms, Meekella, and among the absent ones, Enteletes, are perhaps most conspicuous. Even the ubiquitous Com- postta subtilita is not as a rule abundant. On the other hand, Chonetes mesolobus or the variety decipiens is persistently present. The appearance of conodonts also at this-horizon is a new and striking feature. When considering the significant Brachiopoda, I must not fail to mention Spirifer rockymontanus which is undoubtedly present in the lowest fauna of both the northern and southern areas, though it is rare. Spirifer rockymontanus is abundant in the Rocky Mountain region and westward; it is abundant elsewhere in the Mississippi Valley at a lower and possibly at the same horizon as the Cherokee shale, and it is also abundant in the Appalachian region. Its almost complete absence then from the Pennsylvanian rocks of Kansas and Missouri is a very striking thing. That it does occur in the basal rocks of this section is a fact which tends to give it stratigraphic rather than regional significance. In Pennsylvania Spirifer rockymontanus is abundant in the Allegheny formation but Professor Raymond does not record it from the Conemaugh. The present occurrence then would suggest that the Cherokee shale was as young as the Allegheny formation, an inference with which the rest of the invertebrate evidence is at least not at variance. Conspicuous among the local collections is a gastropod fauna which was obtained from the lower part of the formation and in the southern area. This is exemplified by lot 1268A2, of which the gastropods comprise no less than 18 out of the 27 species recognized, or two-thirds of the whole fauna. These chiefly belong to the groups of Naticopsis, Bulimorpha, and Loxonema, and for the most part their appearance in the fauna is confined to this one occurrence. TABLE SHOWING RANGE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES IN THE CHEROKEE SHALE* ee ee DS leeeeecpees cee = . lwemnmnmce | ae sibeieieh C\-08 INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. 269 HENRIETTA FORMATION To the Henrietta formation have been referred 35 collec- tions distributed thus: Pawnee limestone member 8 lots, Labette shale member 2 lots, and the Fort Scott limestone member 25 lots. The accompanying table shows the species identified in each collection and the final columns give the faunas of the three members as obtained by grouping the individual lots in the manner indicated. The whole formation as represented in our collections has a fauna of 83 species, of which no less than 78 have been found in the Fort Scott limestone, 11 in the Labette shale, and 32 in the Pawnee limestone. All but 5 of the Pawnee species have been found in the Fort Scott limestone. Neither the species newly introduced into the Labette shale nor those first ap- pearing in the Pawnee limestone are of much significance, being unidentified or doubtfully identified (as Aviculipecten sp.), or represented by single specimens (as Sanguinolites costatus and Dielasma bovidens). Compared with the fauna of the Cherokee shale that of the Henrietta formation is much less varied and in especial it contains a much smaller representation of the true Mollusca. Of the Cherokee the rich pelecypod and gastropod faunas are striking features. In neither formation do the cephalopods show either number or variety, at least in so far as my collections correctly represent the fact. It is perhaps noteworthy that the Fusulinas are, found in both formations, modestly perhaps, yet persistently. The corals show little that is noteworthy except the presence in both formations of Chaeteles milleporaceus, a fossil which seems to be rather characteristic of this general horizon and which is abund- ant in the Fort Scott and Pawnee limestones at their typical localities. Crinoids are rare in both formations and are repre- sented only by separate plates and stems. From such sporadic representation no safe inference can be drawn. Much the same must be said of the Bryozoa which are rather scanty, fragmentary, and poorly preserved. The presence in both-* faunas of the interesting species Prismopora triangulata seems deserving of comment. bo ~l i=) STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. In the Henrietta formation and to a less degree in the Cherokee the brachiopods form the dominating faunal element. The species are much the same in both but several features are worthy of mention. The absence of Pustula semipunctata in the Henrietta formation is singular though probably not significant since it comes in again at higher horizons. The abundance of Marginifera muricata in the Cherokee has already been noted. It is found also in the Henrietta formation but in much fewer collections and in much less abundance. Still among the Productoids, the presence of. Tegulifera (probably T. kansasensis) in the Henrietta fauna is of interest. The absence of Spirifer rockymontanus in that fauna is not only interesting but significant for it is abundant at lower horizons, occurs also in the Cherokee but, so far as my experience extends, it does not appear again in this region. ‘The rest of the spire- bearers demand no comment. They represent the same species and are abundant in both formations. Pugnax rockymontana in the Cherokee and Cryptacanthia compacta in the Henrietta are rare types in this region and interesting on that account, but because of their rarity their significance must not be ac- counted great until their range is better known. The Cherokee fauna shows 25 species of pelecypods as against 7 in the Henrietta, and 31 species of gastropods as against 7 in the Henrietta, a number of species in both faunas, be it noted, being unidentified. In the main the pelecypods and gastropods of the two faunas are different. The representa- tion is so unequal, however, as to discourage inference. Clino- pistha radiata var. levis and Cardiomorpha missouriensis (which occurs also in the Cherokee fauna) are noteworthy occurrences in the Henrietta. Considered by themselves the collections of the Henrietta formation have little of note, being much alike in their specific content and presenting a facies monotonously familiar in the Pennsylvanian. An interesting exception is the collection from 1254B1 which is supposed to represent an horizon close to the Fort Scott limestone. The fossils occur in a dense and very fine limestone which, if not weathered, is intensely black in color. “Small coiled shells a millimeter or so in diameter fairly crowd this rock and seemingly represent the larval stages of 2 or 3 species of Goniatites, of which some of the larger shells have been identified as Gastrioceras welleri and Milleroceras parrishi?. nM INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. Al Cardiomorpha missouriensis also is abundant. Lima gregaria is rather rare and two gastropod types are represented by a poorly preserved specimen each. Altogether the like of this little fauna is not found elsewhere in the collections. +++ *ss-sualdjoop ‘BA snqojoseut Olen eee eee eee eas as gngojosour coal see seeeeeeeeesesessJQRImMUBIS Sej0T0TD tlt tees ee sees eens ss «magqsooig e198 BITOHOOIT bt Se 5 EEKISS ae TAHA SKE seen. 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PLEASANTON FORMATION. The collections from the Pleasanton formation are 19 in number and contain representatives of 74 species. Of the 19 collections 5 are from southern Missouri and 14 from northern Missouri, and of the 74 species 33 are from the southern and 55 from the northern part of the State. The fauna of this forma- tion shows considerable geographic differentiation, only 14 species being held in common by the northern and southern collections. This means that over 51 per cent of the southern fauna and over 74 per cent of the northern is peculiar to one and excluded from the other. The southern fauna is strong in crinoids, bryozoans, and brachiopods but weak in the true molluses. The northern fauna, on the other hand, is strong in the true molluscs but weak in the other types. This is well shown by the table. If we consider the southern fauna more particularly, 4 of the 5 collections are from the lower shale, regarded as prob- ably representing the Bandera shale of Kansas, and one is from a limestone regarded as probably representing the Altamont limestone of Kansas, and of the 33 species comprised in the collections only six were found in the limestone and every one of these occurs also in the shale. ‘These two members are not, however, distinguishable in the northern part of the State, but the formation is there parted by a conspicuous unconformity above which 4, and beneath which 10 of our 19 collections were obtained. This break in sedimentation does not seem to find any noteworthy expression faunally. The beds above the unconformity have yielded us only 13 species of which 8 were collected also below the unconformity. ‘The five forms which as yet have not been found below it are not diagnostic in any way, are in fact mostly undetermined species. As compared with the fauna of the underlying Henrietta formation, this shows the differences to be found between two faunas in which the Mollusca and Molluscoidea, respectively, predominate. In this respect the Pleasanton fauna of the south is much more like the Henrietta fauna than is the Pleasan- ton of the north. The lower organisms show little of contrast in the two formations. The Bryozoa and brachiopods are much more richly developed in the Henrietta than in the Pleasanton. Most of the Pleasanton species, however, occur in the Henrietta also, and most of the Henrietta species which are not recorded INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. 275 in the Pleasanton come in again at higher horizons. On the other hand the pelecypods and gastropods are abundant and varied in the Pleasanton, but rare in the Henrietta and what is more the Henrietta gastropods and pelecypods are not those of the Pleasanton but show in fact much that is peculiar whether comparison is made with the Pleasanton or with later faunas. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. 276 ITN ON RNR ceo: shale (Altamont?) (Bandera?) | Limestone Lower “TNosstyy useygnog conformity. conformity. Above un- Below un- “LINOSst TT W19ay40 N GV Sig Sec 2 Ca i cma oc Gt So orn 2 Git oe arco Gr} n th 19 st st o © © BBA) Sievare ete rdnSaren sce DEED fetal ie ZOU oi ciele ere 236a....... “SOLpT[Boo'T na ebbgins aes Deane Ge SIRES so anit AS oi RCE eee oa Berra wine vie 1h Be eee} *SHPMIIGIO VUIpPMATIONO sees Ae hth en ***suepuaelds Rvaosray se yy i Shien “**e7,e;0undrules Vingsnd Trorserseess se gistoxseaqou BINqsnd sree ees ss sngemMonedmes sngonpodd preratttegs tees? ssinmaqjaed snqonpowd Presser seeeeeeeeteee@iag gngonpoleT vee eees sess: SnURITMNOUIOA $O}9U0TO ***suoldjoop “ava snqojosour sojou0g nea te “1+ +++ «gnqofosoul sajou04D “* sss -JoTTNUBIs soIouOyO sreerereessss oonueizgrujes sojou04O spat oil esseIa VAGIOC ed ee eee MPAGUIs) tat! BAQiod “*"** “s9plorpuopopride] wiodoqmoyy vr eeeees sess pUprOeIs B]JOULOISOIEE “sss *sBriBuoqies BIOdTTNgs crs erreuoqseo sIqsomdg cesses ss enTSTT sis ‘oynd.aiog sve" = snqgemoreqng snujoAyqordngy Se OO “*** *dsisueqqoxey sNULIO0LI0D soe ss spoidsodonu snulio0u0ips “"***snsgoydoyqueroe snulioouoleapA AL veeee ess ss s-sngoRsodel[i sojojorqO *-tcanpunjoid pd ah at Bein ee E: uinolipuryéo winiAqdoxy phatataterePe hale reuetacncrinaeieed wolyeoos VUTNSN ST ‘sojoods *NOILVNYUOL NOLNVS8VATd AHL NI SAIOddS AO NOILAGINLSIG GNV AONVY ONIMOHS WIAVL I I N INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. ‘LES JO] Sulstiduros—(})9uojsoml] QuOTIeITY ‘TInossiy wssqynog “G99 “P99 “LPO ‘OFF SO] sulstidurod—AqrMIOJUOOUN OY} SAOGR ‘TINOSSTTA, UsJOY}ION -wl0d—AQTUIOJUOOUN OY} MOTEG ‘TaMOSsITA, UW19T9ION AMOYS SUUINIOD [RUy oy, “F 9¢ oxed UO JO4SIF0I AQIVROOT OY} UL Paqisosep ore YIM SariT] ISMO]JOJ SB posodurod oie pur *G9G 'BOEG ‘9ES ‘TES SOT Sulstiduios—({e1epueg) o[eys JAMOT ‘TaNosstypr m9 nog GLO “E19 ‘GLO ‘TL9 *GGO ‘FS9 ‘EG9 ‘SFO ‘OPS ‘cos SJOT Surstad WOHVUIOF OY} JO SdaquoUI JUOIOgIP OY} UI puNoy seuney on BO0[ OJVOIPUT SULINIOD oy} JO proy oy} 4% Sdeqrunu OTT. | | | I I Sae0r0 | } 05 x é | 2 x T oly hers d sel y e I any Saeed tance x G t pierord I 8 x x ae ale x x I onl all| Eee I Sprie 9 x T atin v x ) x T Gi et I peer = I ‘i qT i I bran I ; \ ? T : I . T SOK oe ok: x. “ds eyjar1ayy AO Sane “ods eipareg “"* * * Topeeq erpareg “ejeuoijued VAGyALy ‘oo ds soprag iyi “** + dofeut esd michoerced “+09 tds soqigeruos “9SUOXOUY SVADDIOTAOpNosg elk “+ -"ds 4vardsoxoo Tt ‘egnoeied eirdsoyoo TT "+ --ds yeuropoiseydg “+ {BS00TU0A BULOpOJeRYydg ‘ euesTUId euoporseydg * *“SMI@[no1ajul ePuULOpOJseYydg “""*"“stAoiq eumopor1seydg “SISUNUOI[® SISdooIe NT “SOPIO[[I9RO RVUOJSOZIYOS sess ess ss =Ssnsopou sojsolO “-**egeinieeyds vardsodo.y, “-9suoT[AAvIs VULOMOIOUR yg Bee 4 ds ,ermostyom AL “sngevulieoied sngouopryieyd “**“sniieuoqies snmoeydng Ps sc evueyoou sisdouvong "7" *-pBoTIjUeDUOD BTTOIIeISW {sndosuoqaes uajyoodoq uray "7" sngenolae uwojoodrus0g “"**"snpronyjed ye uajoed1pnolAy + ssnoIssod snpoziyog + ---ds mwopopayeied +++ +s -euUeyoouL Bpary * yesOdIagUAA sisdojnon Nt i papacet Sfeei Grass ‘ds enonn *soplojuopour vinonN ds ,eIpuoupa “+ ss -pxoyed BIPUOUIp HL 278 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. KANSAS CITY FORMATION. The Kansas City formation includes in ascending order the following members: Ladore shale, Hertha limestone, Bethany Falls limestone, Galesburg shale, Winterset limestone, Cherry- vale shale, Drum limestone, Chanute shale, and Iola limestone. As usual the shale members have proved scantily fossiliferous, — most of the 47 collections having come from the limestones. To this an exception must be made of the Chanute shale with its two limestone lentils and the Cherryvale shale. The different collections are distributed in the nine members of the Kansas City formation as follows: To the Hertha limestone belong lots 233 and 423; the Ladore shale has furnished no fossils; the Bethany Falls limestone has given lots 201, 250, and 419; the Galesburg shale seems to be unfossiliferous; the Winterset lime- stone had yielded lots 426, 645, and 646; the Cherryvale shale lots 162, 164, 167, 193, 194, 210, 216, 217, and 644; the Drum limestone lots 415 and 429; the Chanute shale lots 172, 173, 174, 176;-190; 195; 413, 414° 416, 417; 418)" 422) 424 429a, 656, 681, 683; and the Iola limestone lots 166, 168, 182, 196, 215, 421, 676, 678, 679, 684. The Kansas City is represented by more numerous collec- tions than any formation except the Cherokee, and by a more varied fauna than any except the Pleasanton. The collections number 47 and they include representatives of nearly 143 species. The fauna is broadly varied as is shown by the presence of protozoans, sponges, corals, crinoids, bryozoans, pelecypods, gastropods, cephalopods, trilobites, and ostracods. The bryozoans are répresented by 24 species, the brachiopods by 24, the pelecy- pods by 27, and the gastropods by 27, the other groups by a few species each. It is noteworthy, however, that the pelecy- pods and gastropods are found mostly in two collections, de- prived of which the fauna would be confined largely to the bryozoans and brachiopods, and would thus present the usual contrast to the Pleasanton fauna in which the molluscan phase predominates. The two peculiar collections are 426 and 429 which add to the fauna of this formation no less than 47 species, mostly pelecy- pods and gastropods, not contained in the other collections. One of these lots, 429, is practically all that we have from the Drum limestone in this area, the other Drum collection (415) containing only two species, This fauna is interesting in more INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. 279 ways than one. The fact that it is largely a molluscan fauna has already been pointed out. In this respect it retains its origi- nal character, for such is the Drum limestone at Drum, in Kansas. The fauna at Drum is characterized by a robust growth of the varied forms there found. The fauna of lot 429, on the other hand, is a typical dwarf fauna, most of the specimens being dimin- -utive in the extreme. For this reason their identification pre- sents some difficulties, theoretical as well as practical. It has, for instance, seemed best to refer to established species gastropods whose much smaller size, combined with the develop- ment of an equal or even greater number of whorls, would ordinarily afford grounds for believing them distinct. The rock at this locality is an oolite, thus answering one of the re- quirements of the typical dwarf fauna, but the rock at Drum also is oolitic and the fossils robust, which shows that though the conditions under which some oolites were formed were un- favorable to invertebrate species and tended to dwarf their growth, the conditions under which other oolites were formed rather stimulated than retarded such development. I may note also that in general, so far as I recall my personal experi- ence, organic remains abound in oolitic limestones, though they may be worn or fragmentary, and that the faunas are as a rule poor in brachiopods and rich in pelecypods, gastropods, and sometimes in bryozoans. In connection with lot 429, I should also mention lot 429a which was obtained at a higher horizon in the same section at Kansas City, Missouri. It is not definitely known in what formation this collection was made, whether in the Drum lime- stone, in the Chanute shale above, or even in the Iola limestone. Lithologically this collection is not a shale but a shaly limestone and it differs from lot 429 in not being oolitic. Corresponding to this lithologic, there is also a faunal difference, the fauna of lot 429a consisting mostly of brachiopods and bryozoans and containing no molluscan types at all. Lot 429a is at present tabulated with the Chanute shale. Its removal from. that member to the Drum would make little or no difference in the fauna known from the Chanute, but it would add to the Drum a number of species which our collections (very incomplete be it remembered) do not show from that horizon. Considered as a whole the fauna of the Kansas City forma- tion appears from the collections at my disposal to be a fauna of corals, crinoids, bryozoans, and brachiopods except for two 280 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. abnormal collections which introduce a varied pelecypod and gastropod element. The Bryozoa compared with those of lower horizons are numerous and varied. The brachiopods include all the familiar types. Among them Chonefes verneuil- ianus is so persistently present and so abundant that this might appropriately be called the Chonetes verneuilianus zone. The fusulinas are likewise abundant for the first time and I find a shifting from the Girtyina! type to the Fusulina ss. type. It is true that the fusulinas do occur at lower horizons and that they do not occur in many collections from the Kansas City formation, but in others they are abundant, some hand speci- mens being thickly covered with them. Some features in the development of the Pennsylvanian faunas within the Kansas City formation are deserving of mention, such as the coming in of interesting spongoid types related to Heliospongia ramosa and Coelocladia spinosa and others. They appear in the Chanute shale and Iola limestone and we shall find them recurring at higher horizons. The chief representation of the Bryozoa appears to be in the upper part of the formation, in the Chanute shale and Iola limestone. Peculiarities in range of some of the brachiopod species are shown by the table but their significance, if any, is not under- stood. As already noted, the molluscan representation is con- fined largely to two collections and consequently we find these types chiefly in two formations, the Winterset limestone and the Drum limestone. It is interesting to note how little these two faunas have in common. Aside from this, I see little in these molluscan types which calls for further comment. They consist of well-known and for the most part long-ranging species. The Kansas City fauna contains nearly twice as many species as that of the Pleasanton formation preceding. The number of brachiopods remains about the same, the expansion taking place in the other groups. Among the corals it appears that Chaeletes milleporaceus makes its final appearance in the Pleasanton. The crinoids and Bryozoa show a much greater representation in the Kansas City formation but most of the Pleasanton forms occur also in the higher fauna. I note neither final appearances nor first appearances in these groups that may be counted significant. The brachiopods are much the same in both. The predominance of Choneles verneuilianus in the Kansas City formation has already been remarked and with it should also ‘This type appears to come in again, however, at higher levels, INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. 281 be noted the disappearance of the mesolobus type of Chonetes, which is so abundant as to characterize the earlier faunas. The occurrence of Marginifera wabashensis and Tegulifera kansasensis in the Kansas City formation deserves comment; otherwise the Productus group retains its accustomed aspect. Among the pelecypods the introduction of Leda arata (instead of Leda bellistriata and Leda meekana) and the varied representation of Myalina are interesting features of the Kansas City formation. Other peculiarities may be passed over, attention only being called to the fact that while the pelecypod faunas of these two formations consist of more or less common species they are conspicuously different, though with our still imperfect knowledge of the range of these forms the import- ance of this difference is hard to estimate. The Pleasanton fauna is to a considerable extent charac- terized by its gastropod representation, and that group is much more numerous though represented by much fewer species than it is in the Kansas City formation. This is conspicuously shown in the Bellerophon group, in the Pleurotomarias, and in the Sphaerodomas and Meekospiras (both of which are almost absent from the Kansas City formation). The Kansas City formation, however, shows a better representation along other lines as in Murchisonia, Naticopsis, Zygopleura, and a few other genera. The Kansas City is the lowest formation of the Missouri group, so that the differences between its fauna and that of the Pleasanton formation, to some extent mark the transition from the Des Moines group to the Missouri group. Some of these have already been noticed. The most striking differences between the faunas of these two groups as exhibited in our collections are the much greater abundance of Fusulina in the Missouri group, and the restriction of Girtyina to the Des Moines group; the restriction of Chaetefes milleporaceus to the Des Moines group; the much greater abundance of the Fenestel- lidae in the Missouri group, and the restriction of Prismopora to the Des Moines group; the restriction of Rhipidomella pecosi and Enteletes hemiplicatus to the Missouri group and of Chonetes mesolobus and its varieties, of Marginifera muricata, Pugnax rockymontana, and Spirifer rockymontanus, to the Des Moines group; the restriction of the Pterias, Monopterias, Pseudo- monatids, Pleurophori and Myalinas, not to mention less con- 282 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. scaphopods to the Missouri group, and of numerous species of gastropods to one group or the other. Many other differences are shown by the table and can be readily seen by any one. They are particularly numerous among the gastropods, but many can also be found among the pelecypods. These dif- ferences will probably be found much less sweeping in fact, however, than they appear to be in the table, for it is obvious that a species known from but a few specimens at one locality is less characteristic than a species known from hundreds of specimens at a score of localities. The ubiquitous brachiopod, therefore, furnishes more trustworthy evidence than the rarer pelecypod or gastropod. Partly because of their rarity, how- ever, these types appear to be more characteristic, because more restricted in range, than the other, though that appearance no doubt is to an unknown degree deceptive. TABLE SHOWING RANGE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES IN THE KANSAS CITY FORMATION.* Localities. Chanute shale so member. g + Jaquieul AueWIE, euoj}semly ey JOA Species. Tt --Jaquaour euoj}SeTAT] 4OS1OZULM Bae * JequieuL g[eys e[eAAIIoyqO * -JaquiouL 69l FOL 991 LOT 89L GLI €LT PLL 9LT ost O6T £61 F6L c6l 961 10G “OTS GIG 91Z LIG €€s OSG SIP FIP SIF OIF LIP SIP 61 IGP GCP ECP PGP euo}soull,T winId Gar 9GF 62F e6GP ¥¥9 cro ‘*9F9 999 919 8L9 649 189 €89 $89 “Jaquieul 904s *-yerauey ***paq ouojs -oulT] UMOZAL YT AY} yueuleD -UW9W OUOJSOW] VOT -omIT STTea peq ouojsounIy wn Ei. ge AXOPHVALUMA SDs HB. le ece is ois orn) seers Bite Fepvall eee peepee fcaes etsel| teste l ence fe AOBBYVUMMTUS DAN Ss cle c aly Sle aac cme ott ate Rt Me ell cel ee atl vent aie rae Axophyllum sp. D Ae ee Bie eran eer ee eS A SNE ales flea ad ict ras | ae Theoret fraps Sioa | Pore] eed [aero Za: cml ead | etal | fet cal eet | eae cetacean | emewt I eta | ata |oteme | ete [eee lca oo Hera | Regen) ere ences erate esate | licate Veaecal lleva les 2a | ennee epee [Eee |e PReeoncs| | CeCe ioeeene Peace cue Ken cur) (Pathe ci kcaeocH ic yous Asophy iit Bola oe eae ee ne a SN Salleh cleat ace Vaal sad RW ell a Tell etl IPS sad fa afl Red tet caer | ce | aie UP tt Re rd lM [Ec | PUP Peet tar Uae Pe [1 LU eg ep a ee | DG en |) Axophyllum sp. F pee ec Na (ieee a | eet ewe Ne a Lad Wr Nae! tee eared ery teed ANUS lors Weel cr ce fcr | cl is cd fe kc a heace Peal Nates Pepi feswerl mel f Sell coral el eal ell eagl tae! aoallScelltcel ls accra "akin atte elbeet dete a earacae Lophophyllum distortum................ Seller Selle alfeallselloclle) = allo al ilo ollseliseSeliSiclib ollie tilnaiic alanis als alla stot 8 alic silo aiealo cla alfa alte olle|jos|s afjacl|ao|jao|ceo|le «(eal cllacie allsalemocllaca clic oduloe Lophophyllum profundum............... A) Rafael) cil) <4| 3) eee enn li fone ete feats] occ! poe Perel lioecl|PeeSllio ic ><|fe Allis allio che aiba clio olteralherel[aalo alls offen {lo olf san rl TacEl lee hare eae ce a fecal vel alae Pee al Campophyllum torquium teil ae é ae ml \tsseelt sees lees Bic eee len eles sl Pesst [seo (etal evel eed | Perea | bus ey] = etl ec caltatn cue eestamrontelll cs es call ave crate Monilipora Dreossericcs ss. 0% 6ecc0 oo eee nled SHH ill eal ecoeedlatnas sere Stale cols el eve | tol eine ka sic Perce [oguall Paton | sre] eee eres emt (ened [eave erat eal ei | Pew ey er | pee eta | | 5b tL TO lL enc ee cay UT | MCHINOCRIMMISES Die ceiata Oreo Sitvctee tite Bee sell cc efoto anes ll abse ll Pavews | ust seal eel hate xs vstrel | a] > wal ech Soa ab olen omc ca, eee [cat [Pe rt |e De NPT ae alee meal amet | Sen oul ros ns 1 SC SCSCSOO He Be nintns Bee eee aT x x x ~! Ree oe Om DBUIGCUDUIAT SOD i sive oh xtc Soe eee ees Gk Flee ese ese | er bee CemiOCrinwsperaden: ois) 2 coarse gate deters caoi cee Poll (Bee Ne SF here | eal [te Ceriocrinus hemisphericus @eriOcrinus SD: cca ee Eupachycrinus magiste: BA inte Se (fe the acl leel| eee Spirorbisicarvonaria),. 05.64. 0voe noodles = ~~ CC x x =X SE NCHS See ne ape ahd, qa eats Fenestella parvipora Fenestella tenax a ee x SCOGE x = pee OPEL RPE eee eile, odes, ise e ne Mubcns OK coer aa oat Sree b a DEL es cman Geko Se ee Septopora biserialis. . Septopora robusta... SOOO ee es eae xX! soe RRR 5 uth (EOC Seema, 2) eee ae eae (5 2 8e8 5 2 See encn>. Softy allocl|prellall alla clio alllcadfe Slerahe alien Pustula symmotrica.... 0... ee fee sel ical sll torre Poel toussll ever avy sailing Ne 2A bes Marginifera splendens................-+- x i eefeetee leas Palen Silly Marginifera wabashensis..............-- Di ave sel | Ae Pe Tes > 1S pei CP Wee | ne Tegulifera kansasensis...............4.--- Sie ctl lancet] Foiget [pamela ra DR or ellen Meal Pi WIGIRSINA DOVIUBNSS «Ae ses ee kee cm ts GHP ay fever lee laces. el Peete fe cet feel | ee orellfe Alla Pinna peracuta....... 2... seeenee cece es Baler leenltare|(o oll) fe, cl face fcc) (Oo| (Gm fea] [3] Poses ee Conocardium missouriens oats ale alters Prerla IOURA ssn. «else >: 53 Pa ic sifexe Pteria ohioensis salle Be Bakewellia? sp........... el | a5 Pseudomonotis kansasensis. . alse |X Myalina aviculoides........ Saf alse Miyalina kansasensis?)... 2... ee ee Ea Es ey cil leone | peered stra farce eet | fated stay] bewte|| er Blip Myalina subquadrata................... Set evel tel | etell oe Salloa sls he 116 BETS) OS oes Sie ctecied a acento cece reo 2115.51 Kon) [eey fond fo cl Be all aes Aviculipecten fasciculatus............... ae4| Ps! aot (6 MIbSG Deltopecten occidentalis?................ Salil loeallatal le ne = Deltopecten aff. occidentalis............. Boll 35 rere ha et ieee teed | atte | ert are ha aioe Deltopecten sp.......... Yormale ctwpm pec alow alee toes [eal oea||4. al) Sallotol alls 3 afc =r ee IPIGURORROMIS SP ite. o:s, 5 ot vo elemmeniiabars aseccue || ee eed eb ere A eel ead Pel eel ates tee poet 3) rea deeere feome lf cgae| cece [fel pe | neva cll oe [pote or sl ened [faecal eillevei|(ene |rerell cuei|lag: Cypricardinia carbonaria................ Ee (Ee eet (eT Lees [asl | | ell el fees deel [seals | fecal esate lhocel alloc im cheno Roo|tacclllorcllarallesdllo-al Say are local love lancet Rene Astartella concentrica................... Sie Eset (SRY Wer sue Ten aT Hes) |e | et eae ame | Re | re Pe Pe See ES lt Sree calf atl oea| ceed [erat fl ecstt Gat) (Meg PERE Pa Te *The numbers at the head of the columns indicate 1 iti bers of the formation, and are composed as Tollowace teats comprising lots 201, 250, 419. Galesburg shale memb 164, 167, 193, 194, 210, 216, 217, 644. shale member (Cement City bed)—com eye ee Usa lots 166, 168, 182, the Chanute s point the faunal evidence is not clear. 66094—282 196, 215, 421, 676, i . ale (general) collections because its Coe the The positio: RL DOOORE GLE Ss OOOO One ies which are described in the locality register on page 364. Hertha limestone member—comprising lots 233, 433. ord er—no collections. 1 XXX: X: DD OCee aaa LS 2 SOOO A ears ets ee Oe EO OR KX 5 Sess: [es See ee es Se eee DF jee welecce o 4a i er oW | ap ayra| aca El etecousl sreteal| usemre 1 eC) Cuca) eee rede alleae cl |e E Be) tn! 1 1 4 1 i Zoe aa |oietene Svaze\|le esas [leet oe Hear leer ae yey uaa lfey even letevee sills Bek ee ay ere lowers eee tae i 1 DT cals wee ee 1 Le coe cee] ) ae 1 3 1 1 2 Py ete lat fee | 3 3 fa lor as atte eee obese 1 1 ge era oe 1 1 2 3 DU irae TM ee Sel cen foe ee 2 + ote |{eroietellieeoege 1 1 il erie 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 3 oa al |t Tema We, ecore| laurie fall tolaraytell gteRe meh aie = Deo one! aa recor lemesere| enero. cil ieitccw) | coca were} Wei [tauene, al eae ere tevatiane|kariaiallleor © eevee MEE ce ai) st ere) | soiree ntaear'all eaette tal (sano g colle a|) Stale alin cease collec el iy ee, se olfo oadlié ace DT ere sore | ten onal cares Pours taxa senollo coud|iece. ¢ 1M eee eric Eee dw ¢ 1 el tice Wrcneael ecient (ori de aba] jagceeotiore calc ln cuca eteee) lommrans| (seca ne La Cop eae eran! enc eae! ic TOI Real lactate le ancl oct aoe Blea] Rise OC cal hg oad \ercrcie 1 Breck) \eacertics Neen camo Wecene 1 Coke scenefieterere Aleut sonal Paco eccenc! 1 digwc t\looceice le Epa catead | fetetleb elltet et e)ell othinite[letor a elf ms alcan 1 bello eRe meric to roe cre 1 1 a | aa! Bre ANS loo |e ae bere Fic Wede eee miles cosaike | enter arta | ete UN ereee, 4 1 eis Pfs 1 1 1 The final columns show the faunas found in the different mem- Winterae Heaestos a penne a Py gsr ie TT ee collections. - .” € member—comprising lots f ; ; Drum limestone member—comprising lots 415, 429.. Chanute shale member (general)—comprising lots 172, 176, 190, 413, 418, 429a(?), 681. prising lots 174(?), 195, 416, 424. Chanute shale member (Raytown limestone bed)—including lots 173, 414, 417, 422, 425, 656, 683. 676, 6' he po of lot 429a is uncertain, though it clearly belongs in i position is aboye the oolitic limestone of lot 429 (Drum limestone). but it may belong Bethany Falls limestone member— Cherryvale shale member—comprising lots 162, Chanute Iola limestone the Kansas City formation. It is included among with the Drum or even with the Iola. Upon this INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. 283 LANSING FORMATION. The Lansing formation includes the Lane shale, the Platts- burg limestone, the Vilas shale, and the Stanton limestone mem- bers, from all of which I have collections of fossils. Those from the Lane shale, including the Farley limestone bed, number 14 (163, 171, 189, 275, 285, 285a, 286, 420, 657, 658, 663, 677, 686, and 688); those from the Plattsburg limestone number 9 (185, 280, 295, 296, 659, 680, 682, 685, and 687); the Vilas shale has furnished but one collection (689), and the Stanton limestone 11 (186, 277, 279, 279a, 290, 290a, 305, 306, 690, 691, and 692). In all, my collections from the Lansing formation number 35 and they contain representatives of 114 species. The number of collections, the number of species, and also the number of members in the formation are fewer than in the preceding Kansas City formation. The interesting group of sponges which were noted in the Kansas City are continued into the Lansing formation and above it. The corals and crinoids are greatly reduced in number in the Lansing, but they are much the same as far as they go. The Bryozoa are likewise fewer in species, the Fenes- telloids especially, but here again there are no noteworthy changes. The striking form Cyclotrypa barberi is common to both. The Kansas City fauna, as we have seen, was largely a brachiopod fauna except for two collections from different horizons which introduced a varied molluscan element. The Lansing forma- tion also, though not for a similar reason, shows a good develop- ment of the molluscan and molluscoidean groups. Both faunas contain the standard brachiopod types but there are some in- teresting differences. Rhipidomella pecosi is abundant in several collections in this formation and above, but I have not found it in the Kansas City formation. Enteletes hemiplicatus, Derbya bennetti, and Meekella striaticostata are also not found in the Kansas City formation but appear to be introduced in the - Lansing. The deeply sinused Chonetes verneuilianus begins to be replaced by a form with slightly indented ventral valve which I am calling C. granulifer. The Producti show little change from those of the Kansas City formation except that P. insinuatus appears among them. ‘Tegulifera, on the other hand, has dropped out. Some of the Marginiferas take on a more strongly costate habit, and such have been distinguished in the table as M. wabashensis. The Lansing formation has 43 species of pelecypods as against 27 in the Kansas City, so that there must of necessity 284 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. be 16 species in the one fauna not found in the other. In fact the species common to the two faunas are very few. These differences can be seen from the table but the more impressive ones may be mentioned specially. A large Nuculoid which I have identified as N. anadontoides? is-abundant in several of the collections from the Lansing formation as well as in the following Douglas formation, but it does not apparently occur in the Kansas City formation. Leda arata, doubtfully identified in the Kansas City, is here fairly abundant, as it is also in the Douglas formation. The two species of Monopteria are added in the Lansing. The Myalinas, which were a feature of the Kan- sas City, are further developed in number and variety. The Pectens also add a few species to their number and the Pleuro- phorus group expands greatly. On the other hand, Astartella concentrica, which has been with us for so long, drops out, only to reappear however. The Lansing formation has fewer gastropods, 18 against 27, and on the whole the complexion of the gastropod element is considerably different. Indeed, it seems to be generally true of these formations that the gastropod representation is less constant than that of any other group. This may be due to the fact that gastropods are rather rare and that the fauna of the Pennsylvanian comprises in the aggregate a very large number of species, so that most collec- tions, containing but a few of them, are likely to show little com- munity in this type; or it may be that these fossils are in fact highly local in their distribution. There are, nevertheless, a number of species which have a wide distribution and a long range, and can be looked for in almost any carefully made collection east of the Rocky Mountains. Some of these are, how- ever, rare or lacking in the two formational faunas compared. Thus, Patellostium montfortianum is not found in the Lansing. Euphemus carbonarius has not been found in the Kansas City formation, and is doubtfully present in the Lansing formation. Phanerotrema grayvillense also is but rarely and doubtfully present in the Lansing. In this formation, on the other hand, begins the association of Aclisina quadricarinata and Goniospira lasallensis which occurs frequently in the formation above. Although the gastropods, cephalopods, and Crustacea do nol perhaps show as much difference as, all the circumstances considered, one might expect, the faunal change between the Kansas’ City and the Lansing formations is one of the most marked in this series of collections and it is well shown in a group — INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. 285 in which experience has taught us to look for but little change, the brachiopods. Considered in their relation to one another the faunas of the Lansing formation require scant comment. Since the Lane shale is well represented in our fossil collections, and also the two limestone members of the formation, we might expect that the fauna of the one would contain most of the Mollusca and would differ from the two others, which would presumably have a predominant brachiopod facies. This proves to be only partly true since the fauna of the Lane shale contains a variety of brachiopods, etc., and the faunas of the Plattsburg and Stanton limestones are not poor in pelecypods and gastropods. Owing partly, no doubt, to the fact that our knowledge of the fauna of the Vilas shale is almost nil, so that a gap occurs in the paleontologic evidence below the Stanton limestone, a rather strong faunal change is noticed between the Stanton fauna -on the one hand and the Lane and Plattsburg faunas on the other hand. This is evidenced by the range of many species shown by the table. A few of these may be mentioned. The Fusulinas are largely confined to the upper fauna. The Fistuli- poras occur chiefly in the upper fauna, but the other Bryozoa chiefly in the lower. Meekella striaticostata is almost restricted to the upper horizon. Chonetes granulifer also is confined to the upper fauna, but C. verneuilianus is common to both. Pro- ductus insinuatus is found only in the lower; so is Marginifera splendens, while M. wabashensis is restricted to the upper. Dielasma bovidens, Hustedia mormoni, and Cliothyridina orbi- cularis are confined to the upper fauna. On the other hand, the Pseudomonotis types are wholly, and the Myalinas largely confined to the lower fauna. Indeed, the chief representation of the pelecypods, and still more of the gastropods is in the lower fauna, but not only do many species of the lower fauna not range into the upper but a considerable percentage of the few gastropods of the upper fauna are not known in the lower. In the Lane shale itself 9 out of the 14 collections belong to the Farley limestone bed. Lot 275 was obtained below the Farley; the other lots above it. Lot 275 does not possess any special features though its fauna is almost too limited to show any peculiarities that existed. On the other hand a rather marked difference seems to exist between the faunas of the upper and lower parts of the Stanton limestone member. The lower fauna is at least more varied though represented by fewer. collections. — — —- © —s a 7 7 - ~~ =% _ . = . » aries — STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. 286 SCRE PSRSIETS ISIS ooo sayeasoonanans erioiooy etter lane peace eas IK Stress ss ass8I) BAGIOC Fesal ey tee val ens BS elicuel lose “+++ quueg BAqdog eet el bol A snavoridquoy soojougy SolnellSs'len|scl.e kee [case eee pplemopidia a COTO RCO i al ee eval seal neat ; ee aay T Ph Ft Tay bch Wats Aa toe (se) Pac ork [Pts epics te esee ses sgproap Ms -uopoprdey vaodoquioyyy pe a a Ko Ta eyeuuld vaodoydeg rifraleafeatielealeadasssnens sITeHI9siq vaodorday aes hee eae 8 BIods[og Py art ap Feed FEY (Ph cl foci al ed “ds vaodynqes, all ea! fees! ee | cei fen Buell oes] cel pel ace Thor tell ea | ae suRjstp vaodyinqeE sfeafe efecto ate sfesfesfesfecfecfeclecleclyelesesereenneny siensoa CA BURTUOIF V][OUIO\SOIRE NMS oe 5. nel ae ares ane TOM ek ee Pain ea Reed esi Fal eff PS PEP PREP ITSP PSR (eo oi pele eRe) c[ occ ggeaiaommms maar ae g - pe Pel TET Be be Be BETTE the be [AP TESBETS TTP] T c/o. saeaoumdgaies etnaang rls € /.4.18 eee ePS Peed eer Pee ee Re er PS er lool cagereedemeteeacion einasney le g Lae fee] efcde: “be Be PERE PS] BERS oP SPS fe fc0 1] ]21, auaeineneataies, snagnposs A Piss Bee Ball “fesesfesl ges Sie Pe ialeatee lal ees slae|++| Sees sgreemeee senap oes : g : ae Re Re rad Pu : wife [o> cna domeeas SRON BONE. I g Pe alleles A/T PKI: xP 02) oc smaeumonia samo I se alPelealeal Alte les % shez |e? ee ea ee 2 TREE ‘|: Halal be alk soouon — Nese KOE ees x : “ANE Eo .o 5 sjrt[ectes|@s/eeles/eseees Spreuogaea siquoadg tjrt[ecfestes|ecdesleseseeeedg snupoou0jeIpAH sfie oi[S>siliesi|ire|iavaille elise fie fle »i|le ‘joc[eclecle«]++|+-lgurdsogonur snujioouojodpA FL frcdesfectecdectectectectesfesdeslss[eslesloslssleslesteerees © s4¢g snUTQOUTYOG le 6:|'e | a6 Baia lac . HI a ferwny| wit mas ete) | et . | al: Alek ya | oe 8.) EF | 88] e+] BS | Rls ol Hl co] al a] Ol} cole] tt] co] ol] tl oo] H] 9] Od) eh] 1] ] OO] xt! OD) CN! UD) Cr] Ht] 09) GO] | 10) SH) A] CO] BO] & ‘ A ° SB) Oo .] S| 19] 19] 18) So] S] S| SO] S| B] BD] | a] DD] BD] | 00] | 00} CO] CO) RP RR) RR | A SO] S| Ol) ©) BI | | sopedg Hoja i Bo] FG 1S] S] SO] ] | cd] co] ML A) NI AL ALA] A] ALA A] A] CN ON] a] a] ON] a] ON] ON] CN] CN] ON] CQ] ON] OT] CU] A) | a] | — iad “ . | a ae wh . Baie Ze | yoquour| ,.| $ ‘ 8S oeqs | so} 8 | Solgt[eoory 52 jpduaIney| ai | se | ° 4 S *NOLLVWUOd SVTDONOdG WHL NI SalOUds AO NOILOAIULSIG GNV GWONVY ONIMOHS FTAVL 293 INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY.. “DADAN al TANNA 10 MAAN OR ca i” T409006219 om Ant st il al > taomd a SS ISGMOSIeIo 6 5.6 6 ode Sees pela B Bes BS BROS Beer ‘Xx Oe oe Bee OS Bilas oe aol Sh US ile pOCear x |X Ba ie AS lye IX |X "|X |X HO “1X |X Beal ia [Ole bi | naallos DONE ee XX Sai al Ali Sk Exe DEER Ra Se aa 1XXe : acre 4 [XXX : xi ix "+7" * sisuoyseiqeu engsnd LOIS | DO Ho ior nicr et IGA SngvMonoarmmoes snjgonporg +) | "sng elMoMoarmos snjgonporg Pes ee sinuej1ed snjgonpo1g e109 snjonpoig: |" """snuelMouiea soqouoyO Sek eka dOFINUeIS soyouoyO ei eal [es lei Fee [ele [oe tol [a ey losalies| [Oo 0.0 SNUPIZ{IUIOS SoJOUOTH ee aoe esl a ele etter eal evel a dealt ape Sal ASB adh laf db potalfelbufoipesccutirtentiitinceitercet Do fH fem = SiG) oS os xX Boba s eqsnqor BAqaoq esstdio BAQIOC, sal@nloalloe||s ol@alleali@ela clo ols olfac}iaaflanijo aoc 6 *Tproyprosmq eAqaog vafeefec}ee] yg fees ete Solloallooluallo dena beso WouUEG eAqIoCL “** “sngeordmuoy sojopoqugL Orc (ees (enc )oecy (Cac onc |ONGeCecniotn jsoved eTjomMOpIdiy yy olla lonoode woes e]SOpoUuL VIWeIC San inch IO EO e]) eUlsivuMborur KXX x {eAjorpoysAQ sT[vMostq evaodojdog oe “ds viodsjog “ds B]foysoue wT “pout ess ss" XB} V]]9}SOUO —— rr t—‘—C~™ od * are iM Das a sae Ty as} ; rs. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. 294 sJeeyeoessesnqemapon ‘eA sngvuyieosed sngouopyyseg sngvujreosed snjourppyeyd Oe rang “eueyoou ssdourong "***-e11aq sisdouvong snjeuLieo|pou snmoydng “snieuoqieo snueqdng “ee TaNUe JO; uOUL wns olayeg teeeees ss ds-troydoseplog “snurisueAojs uoydoseljog. ">" snsseio uoydouso][og “**sIsuapseMoy soqNae ' eyepisinuue wyd 8 wOsel Bi i m3 ds jmnyyeyueq- Slog ie lt | ay-alf astm 3 Mosca] ola bare| os ol ata lered| ly 9] alt lpia] taco eres ety thal DPaacaUee ait [eet a RoWeA POWeISy x : ‘ 2 A UY RK VC a I Vata BOLIQUADUOD F]]OWIeISY NWSE |e +]. a ea a |e “gsngeysooqns snsoydoineld ofa a yits cea ds vmstzolty ie eh 2 e[eulaie} BUISLIe[Ty sees" =mogdijeqns BlOIpoyAL * snJojruoques uaqoaedoy4yueoy Piel herria | ee pS, ds ua400d04,oq. “*\**Estyegueproo0 uaqoedo3jeqd “-ysnprontjed uaqoed]NoAy ihe , 5 3 Pe eee a yall wie] ea:[ orelf lassie | ital al ec aeecinaesn aeaee “ds snpozTyog Fi * 4 eallec on is - +++ -eqpapenbqns euyTeA TAL Dard oa in ao : ial ee pe “* ESLigsodutAunood BUlyeATL pala gs sisuosesuey BUlleA VL {S[suosesuey siqouomopnesd “oss pend BLe4douoyt ~ x x XX XX: GONKD : INHARRHO iste to < HOO COR ‘ds uopojeyereg | (Gee take ie ésngestmnue, uopopeT[eieg Bre gd | iy Fo “**asngRorep uopola|[eeg al ar es Tan ee 3 aise Caleta : : Pie flee : : g:| 8 B|E:| 8 “i ; Al NT hie All : ays ‘lune 5 ; EPel Ge 2} 8 :| 3 : : 5 all cue ; ; ; ; ; : ole [ete sal : , : Ol |e || : : , : g : o: a solo i] 2 5 f A AWW oAd 6 = 5 4 a > x sical oe a: Fs] z . . Aes : ‘ . « : = S:|5 |s3is: ; 6 5 a 3 5 a 5 5 4 : gi| 2 Ales] la i es] tl 3] cx] a} 20! ©] S] co] sil co] ca] 1s] os} i] 00] oo ms fis] Ht] a] oo] ne] ol |} oe /BSlo:| 3 18 D 10] 0] OD Ol ol S| RI RI RR RI RI A] A] a] 1S] oO [SO] OO] Ole R/S *satoodg Hil} jes) a |} NIN] A] AU] CN] ON ON] a] ON] ON] ON ON] CN] ON ON] I a] =: Sram lee SZ, /tequieur| «7, | = So} eeys | so| 8 “SoIgTTe00'T £2 loouoimey] s2 |S ° jax | & ‘penuyjuopO—+NOILVNUOd SVIDNOG AHL NI SHIOddS AO NOILAGINLSIG GNV DONVU ONIMOHS ATAVL 295 INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. ort srt *S0E ‘6% 'Z6Z ‘16% ‘P83 ‘ELS “ZLS ‘SES ‘61S ‘FITS ‘PST ‘IST ‘821 ‘L2T “OLT ‘69T 8901 JUISTIdUIOO—ANQUIOM OMOJSOMI]T PLoIO “SIZ JO] Suistiduoo—(poq ouojsSoul]] VIUOZVUY) JOqUIOUL O[VYS OPDUGIMVT ‘OOS ‘66S ‘86% ‘E8S *G8S ‘8LZ ‘A9LZS ‘BOLT *80Z ‘20 ‘80% S30] SuIs}Idu0d—(UO}10d JOMO]) JoqUIOUL O[VYS COUDIMVT "LC9 ‘OS9 ‘FOE ‘ZOE ‘F6S ‘68 ‘18S ‘92% ‘FLZ 8}0O] Sulstidtoo—ioquieu oUO\souIT] UR{eT ‘ZS9 ‘TOE ‘L6G S}OT SBuUlsjIduoo—iJoquioul o[eYys UOJSOM -SMOT[OJ S82 PosOduiod oie pu ‘UOMeUIIOJ OY} JO SJOquIOM yUOJOyIP 94) UL punoy seuney eq} MOYS SUUINIOO [eUg ONL, “F9E OSed UO JOASTSoA AQT[VOOT OY} UT poqidosop Oe YOIYA SOlqITVOO] OFVOIPUT SUUINTOD oY} JO peoy oy} 9e suoquInuU ox lee ellis | fa ‘ wpe ete sty [eats b é ae : Lists eds epjasem 49 6 ly ‘lalxlal: Be one) (al) vefecteadeed y millers 5 “+ -yoruuEq eTe1ETI AO, Ba aollor al ealoal eal va oe en |htall ectal |b Hallo ollaallae|lowllb.ol [O55 ce ; oe ++ ds erpareq. $ x Ix Se |e elie oie val bval cd vefeedeet y Beeiliene lho. o¢ “jopooq eipateg, cal RA, «lye oe Bi Gualliapealte 5 Gra | fo ulle-a| fase Allo 6 alle a; oO +f ds eunoH ¢ eralllerallte Be aol) : ‘yg Jecfes feeds Ballo Silcen vefecfecfecoafes|es}eseseerees es sgrequep -1000 “IBA BYRIOVUIE LUTTIOH 7 Bl | ea (el al Pollaoioa|lo.alle alla calle siloal[a ofl olle-allo 6 space |e [oD Tas ersdnitted oly calonllo alfsallou ellen bollbealhen|[crolleead aco vefealealyg |e e]eedes --|++|+:|++++97equepioso seaooourey, ly vee stents ate aly , 66) (Bullealtaio|locallocdiilac rer leteal lesa al Got escal leo vefecpe|ere set Sas spaea0aR OAL Aeslhakeaes ; al lose ltes ; sal [orci foncll nto PeAlleallera|alloolis alla d viles]es]eco+e+++pr¢eu seaen0aRIe TL ea 5 allollac fellosallo ot Pd [ouut een oral Geallocal lov +-|--|++]++gnrzojeava seraD00R10 TAL L 2 ‘la lx + lye | x Golo oli cle hve |i allio **/""!**)*9suexouy svico0yg.Iopnesg a, Sihvaliaas 4 | Coe = . Bie ince fee oan Cnc cn cd Cnc ied Wetec Dear ve[ectesleces ss stmaAded seieoAqe[g 5 xl behala de: vefeefect yp |eafeeteddes selects nfenlyg Jee] ++|o-|--/-++eqenreorpenb eUIsToy Ono ioerecnc oe fee |e “lx Be feed elec oneal esate eed . . wale eles . wale efeelee **-eqnoeled eatdsoxoo I , Pallgalinaltod AR olfo Paleolesiiciel la vefestyg [eal riles|ecloreee ds enroposendg ” Bulls = aS ee er fe fa wall [ayo offs slr slss)* s-strepeoejul vuoporl@ydg Zz oll ees Eales ee 7 B] hom . lye fe ede [= sefe eta lar *+--sraodqd PUlOpol@yds ace ice lf alla j “lees qi eAllo ahon|lredbecallisc na|lonlleallan _ enter endzone, alee Sap et x |: aleralerclene oullo-n Stlfceclbecetdeulloce toulbsalle clas hs ds emojdossg, ool ae wefe ele ule wale ede oa Co alionsto ula eeleele wafee weleade sressssepsosnd eamo[dosaz, ee Sdltollarealla ela wa aeilaealte 5 SAoallodatllo allt Paha teeter ee ends gisdootqe NE a Bc |aralloalte 0 walle ae so allhoe alecfecfecfectes|ee]ectee[ec]e fe e]ece++s +--+ puemr sisdooiye nt "I ee Goo nitoalia ey (arslhe2 |oraliccalio wafeeda cline cel ees Hen (ily . “*|"*****ststou09]@ sIsdooye NT ‘l9 seteete ede sdye IS lye le le vols fe fee] vole eteedyg jee] ++|--]++¢-saprorfigeo eumogsozimag ‘le speedo ede IOI 1S 1S |Se rele elO testy fe efe ates By [cc one eel fee ence fees +/+ -|+ ++ -eqemaeyqds eadsodeay, “19 BMPS aoelise Kee toni ke. ee SCaliahe | S2ai feral liel| ls Pte cht Sa sce Se st}esjes}e ees sss snqgxoqIojUl soqsoIg Aalto b Mefee tester de [ete ale else 6) ccs fice |r hic] rae Pesec p sefe ede e|e ule |e dee seles|oslss/*** eqeuraeorq Batdsouoon gy +l wefeeteste ly lye lye fox 1X Bollpoll yy Heo o SHON Ie || 5 {100 *+|--l>*|-gsueT][AAvIs eueqjo10uey E 1 Rie of PISS Ie 18 |e . Dibvalig . . sole Scie sca aa Cee ee ee ed * SISUOT[VSE] PATdSOIMOs), a allocates oid [teed [acest as Aca na eel eel los ales 5 Brallccellcen| al neal Sal for pal ealeenllenn ee sds BrosiyoanqAr aes |iaseh ee rificetealye ts 3 6 Salter fille alle p.alfe ullallon|{o afl olloe tifesles|enese ss dg eraentojomold allpeaa vefecfenle al | SRE ecallcret reed fe clesat le safeclyg feefestee]e- +-[e]- J++ ++ yemgios elenojomoe;la . T alle wills mi ieee] bm . oe Brac welee eels tfesfeetec}esletesleslesls s/s «lesorotunyqied eleuojomoeld 296 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. SHAWNEE FORMATION. The Shawnee formation comprises nine members, from only six of which have collections of fossils been obtained, the first, third, eighth, and ninth members being unrepresented paleon- tologically. The 20 lots from this formation contained in our collections are distributed as follows: Lecompton limestone 5 (lots 183, 222, 224, 227, 288), Deer Creek limestone 3 (lots 165, 191, 229), Calhoun shale 3 (lots 188, 197, 206), Topeka lime- stone 7 (lots 179, 180, 198, 199, 200, 211, 223), Severy shale 2 (lots 212, 228). Although the number of members is twice as great as in the Douglas formation the number of collections is only half as many and the number of species is considerably less, only about 100 here as against 148 in the other. In the Douglas formation the Mollusca were abundantly represented, both in species and in individuals. ‘In this they are relatively rare and the lower organisms predominate. The Fusulinas are still abundant, and as far as determined they belong to the same species as those of the Douglas. The echino- derms show about the same number of species but in that fauna the crinoids, in this the echinoids, are better represented. The echinoid development in these higher horizons of the Carboniferous seems in a measure to be characteristic of them. The Bryozoa of the Shawnee formation are very numerous in species and the fenestelloid types especially show much differ- entiation. The brachiopods manifest some noteworthy changes. Enteletes hemiplicatus appears no more, neither does Chonetes geinitzianus nor C. verneuilianus. The splendens type of Mar- ginifera seems to come in again, while Tegulifera drops out, but otherwise the brachiopod representation remains about the same, in variety at least. The pelecypods are, of course, much fewer, only 15 species having been recognized here, whereas the Douglas fauna contains 30. Of the absentees perhaps the most important are Nucula anodontoides, Leda arata, Monop- teria and Pseudomonotis. On the other hand, the Shawnee fauna contains no introductions of importance. If the pelecypod representation was small in comparison with that of the Douglas formation, the gastropod representa- tion is still more meager. Only 7 species are recorded while the Douglas contains 32. This shows, of course, a great dying out of species and as the Bellerophons and Pleurotomarias were INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. 297 especially abundant in the Douglas formation, their all but complete absence from the Shawnee is one of the most striking faunal differences between the two formations. Aclisina quadri- carinata and Goniospira lasallensis which have been associated in so many collections do not appear among these of the Shawnee formation. The remaining groups, the cephalopods, trilobites, and ostracods, are poorly represented in both faunas and invite no comment. Of intrinsic peculiarities the fauna of the Shawnee formation possesses few. The most noteworthy is doubtless connected with lot 206, of whose 9 species only one was found in the other collections. It is this lot, which belongs in the Calhoun shale, that furnished all but one of the gastropods of the Shawnee formation, just as it is the Topeka limestone from which nearly all the pelecypods were obtained. The brachiopods are more generally distributed but the Topeka again furnished most of the Bryozoa and Echinodermata. It should not be forgotten, however, that our collections from this horizon are more numerous than from any other in the formation, and it is this factor and others equally adventitious, as well as the actual abundance of fossils in the beds, that give a color to the apparent facies and relations of faunas. Of the nine members comprised in this formation three of the shales and one of the limestones are not represented paleon- tologically. It does not appear that the two shale faunas differ from those of the limestones except that most of the gastropods occur in the Calhoun shale, and we have already seen that their appearance there is due to a single peculiar collection. On the other hand, it was a limestone, the Topeka, that furnished most of the pelecypod forms and although they are conspicu- ously less abundant than the brachiopods, it may be said of the pelecypods generally that they rarely play more than a sub- ordinate part in our Carboniferous faunas even where best represented. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. 298 Heese pet pe afer ere e eee ee eae Fittesesseseeseee + omamengaeurqns Baxod4yo, alse) elec (helt | bere sce Fiera eereeesececesecseeee em e@iQRMIds BiodAOG [eile elyg [Pile cde cece ence tee ee ee eee trttteessess sss emapupmoypou Brod Ajo 5] ae] al sal \’al (dl eee Lae t Monee tirrseeesseepgndtta B1od £]oq cfeefe [Otel eve eee ihe idlgso atv ae Be lac ee ttesesopsstda waod soggy MK [Pefe sce ceteris cern eee sine em « siie isle tertsteeseee ends groqsouast Oi fore e eens attain, cats eaters trttssesssesees ser ymugg Bffoqsouo gt sfecdeelyg fee [ Melee eee eee e eens One me Iemine scr ++ +++ + emgomuyds v]jo1soue NT fe fe ISS Tyg fe efee sees mteigie Ooi ca sehen abe tosses see emodtaand v][oisoue x 5 Ve fing Wa Nik dP il ea armen lg Ne IE TS Ud Ge “*pmododojay Baiodinqgey, sors ss suRasip Riodiynqey, Gh oie ie tate, 50 + teeny ds RToUL01807RE “+ **-pBIRIOOIs BIJOUIO SOIR E, ee | “ds Riodingsyy fog pod | Dl DECOM E lhe DAM oF vom isuy sisdoindiag a a ~ Z = A= ue 5 i} = G) o call sess over dutta Craven pear ee ete ernie etna ++ yaogipnay snUooUlyosy Be ‘+ * yeurdsisu0] snujsooulyogy Ol be oe “"*-osnueley snupoougogp =. SISO) lesa llevar evexguece? ase calcee oecee eee Renae eect +) TUFMUTp snupzz0U|t a" Bo A ee eGo rane Ocn AaB i aacritts tune Sey cri A WIsseae snupoourqas ier epnas soaaltaneiduabiuehehtabece eed ne aint TOM Oe Re ++ Trossord BdodT [UO FAL TRIO PIAO ER Aa a EDr Gu i ccnicony: tereeeeey sds gumppAqdoxy 8 Eas eh poten A, veers. Nip. ea cale eae nee a anereane +++ Mas wing eydoydory ‘‘unpunjoid wn Aydoydory epg Or juoyye espe ot {STUIOF [NU eIsuodsoyduog « lerel SGallnao SZ leh tuts ngat atten) size eben enc Rene Onan noes aa + Pedy wuyNsngy ; alWval eal oles Moon orr eo On auconanounbaobor theese eeees eporegos UTNSNT Bo) gs] fleet ged a ey ay lee ges) se eee) a al sal ey fee lero ete fetes rsh i ie a sf ie : qi |e: | 8: | 28 | gf [gigiginisigig/scisieiajals|ajasisiels ‘soppod mn ay B es Sg OV] OU) OU] A OO : ; a i SEER —— p: | ga | ge | Se | Be ok So go 59 9 ' (i eS 5 3A oF 33 pala eet nD A o A |} A *NOILVNYOX FAANMVHS AHL NI SAIOUdS JO NOILAGINLSIG GNV GAONVY ONIMOHS ATAVL INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. ‘sss 11OULIOUr B1pagsn sisuoAHonjuoey Buldozads, “++ ) aA oJ : 32 ao a aS a a = ; ¢ 2 Bo | 38 | 98 | we | Bs ge | BE | 32 | 33 | 88 ‘seRTT=OOT o 2 i} Y n a 12) | A =| *ponuyju0O—+NOLLVNYOX AHANMVHS AHL NI SHIOUdS AO NOILOAINLSIA *suOT}90][00 OU—JOqtIOU 9UOJSOUITT PAPMOFT 902 ‘L6L ‘S81 SIO, Fuystadu1os—aoquiew ayeys unoyyR ‘sUOOaT[OD OU—JAOquIOU aTBYS YOSUINIAL “8% ‘LAG ‘PUG ‘GZS ‘EST SIO} ISMOT[OJ SV UONVUIIOJ 94} JO StoquIOW JUOIOyIP oY} UT puNos seuney oy “pog oFed UO JoJS[Hod AAIPROOT AYA UL PaqWosep oe YOY So}I]ROO] oVBOIpUL SULIN]OD OY} JO pReYy oy) 9B SdoquINU oy L% "82% ‘21% S10] Bulstidui0s9—aoq uur uisTdwio0o gjoraueq BIjo19y9 49 ial ek cape en Driver ape JIe[eoJ9j,u1 eMOpol@ydg che gristerel(arte reds fh tna atcth st sets tetetal psterp ieee esopou vano[dossz *sopoedg GQNV DONVY ONIMOHS ATAVL INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. 301 WABAUNSEE FORMATION. The youngest formations of the Carboniferous do not occur in Missouri. The strata above the Shawnee formation all belong to the Wabaunsee formation, only the basal member of which, the Tarkio limestone (probably the same as the Bur- lingame limestone of Kansas) has been differentiated. The strata above the Tarkio limestone are regarded as probably representing the Willard shale, the Emporia limestone, and the Admire shale of the Kansas Survey. The collections obtained from the Wabaunsee formation in Missouri are few, and the faunas very small. Thus I have but one collection from the Tarkio limestone (lot 218), none from the Willard (?) shale, two from the Emporia (?) lime- stone (lots 220 and 226), and one from the Admire (?) shale (lot 221). In all, these collections contain representatives of only 9 species. The scantiness of this fauna is perhaps its most conspicuous feature, but it may also deserve notice that Fusulina continues to be abundant, that the mollusks are entirely absent, and that of the brachiopods, the Producti have not a single representative, a rather unusual thing even in a fauna as meager as this. TABLE SHOWING RANGE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES IN THE WABAUNSEE FORMATION.* gee | cas q q sys Ra ~S lo! Localities. Boz] 84 es |) Bs ges| ee | xe | gs ig || SF 3” x |8o 1 g= = a 4 Ze Species. Silene ol) ube 2 BE B | wy tS) wi: 8 - Oo Se > oO (=) e oO : > : - : : aes Zo l|| (BACH aller Riee a :3 Bl 2 ye aa) 2 ie IST aTSE CALM Care. cue fae -tsteersehe eae) shess) sinks © ne Lophophyllum profundum............... Batostomella sp. A........... Rhombopora lepidodendroides. . Chonetes granulifer........... aes PRAT RTLAXKY OSA E CLISIS Gree sn acnreeeeentienac oie Paredes rales es Pugnax osagensis var. percostata.........|....|.... x Amboccelia planiconvexa..:.............|....|.... x Compositasuptilitareey see eels sere ee elites x *The numbers at the head_of the column indicate localities which are described in the locality register on page 364. The final columns show the faunas found at different horizons in the Wabaunsee and are composed as follows: Lower limestone (Tarkio limestone mem- ber)—comprising lot 218. Lower shale (Willard shale?)—no collection. Upper limestone eeporia limestone)—comprising lots 220, 226. Upper shale (Admire shale?)—comprising (} 302 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. TABLE SHOWING THE RANGE OF SPECIES IN THE PENNSYLVANIAN FORMATIONS IN MISSOURI. Des Moines Group. Missouri Group. Species. eyeys sayo1gyO ““moMRUlIoy eyoluea MOI euIOy uojuRseald “UO eUIoy AQID. sesuey “MOM eRUIIoOy sulsue'yT se[snoq oouMeYys * MOlIyeUIoOy dosuNeqe A “101, eUurIOF ““uor;eunIoy Protozoa— | | Busulina ‘sp. ‘cf. cylindrica)... =... slot tea DOU scatters (sane a ete ie, Fusulina secalica. . (husnlina spe Girtyina ventricosa . Girtyina? sp... ... ne : PS cers i mee Mindothyma ri SDs. certains cecelewe s[occnfes alle oe [OX XXX : Hae oe ob x xx hes Porifera— | Heliospongia ramosa ae ataael kts Coelocladia spinosa? Meeandrostia? sp......... Srey bites] vetoes | ou ctseenl eens Somphospongia multiformis?..:................ er Sl hance heron XX x x x Anthozoa— | Axophyllum cylindricum... . : Axophyllum infundibulum. Axophyllum sp. A.. Axophyllum sp. B. Axophyllum sp. C. Axophyllum sp. D. Axophyllum sp. E Axophyllum? sp. Lophophyllum alle Lophophyllum Gistonttuni senate amen Lophophyllum profundum..._. ; Campophyllum torquium. Amplexus sp Monilipora prosseri. . Cheetetes milleporaceu BOSS Ad: aM NAS : X: XXX: XXXXXXXX oe XX: : x Vermes— Spirorbis carbonaria. . . Serpulopsis insita. . Enchostoma sp... Conularia crustul GonOdonty sie aici leretranies Siege pect ene ee | X xx : XX x x Pelmatozoa— Echinocrinus agassizi . . Echinocrinus dinnini. Echinocrinus hallanu Echinocrinus longispina? Echinocrinus trudifer? . INcHIinGcrinusi spe tee eee rcs Hydreionocrinus Seanehor hers: Hydreionocrinus EAE) Oo Hydreionocrinus sp... . Delocrinus? sp..... Ceriocrinus craigi Ceriocrinus fayettensis . Ceriocrinus hemisphericus Ceriocrinus? sp......... Kupachycrinus harei?. EKupachycrinus magister. . Eupachycrinus tuberculatus Eupachycrinus verrucosus? . vealed’: . MUpachyCrimus: Sp. hrs iciece-cinicpay ceeuei de Mra anos enna J Save fee ee a crave {late a:tall lautelleats | Can ae ene xX x: XK! X&KKKX! XX! XX: Bryozoa— Fistulipora carbonaria............ 4s x Fistulipora ees var. 5 Fistulipora eee aaa Fistulipora leg Fistulipora sp.. Fistulipora n. Sp. Cyclotrypa bar eri. Batostomella polyspinosa. Batostomella greeniana . Batostomella greeniana var. regula Batostomella sp. A..............0. Tabulipora distans.... Tabulipora heteropora?.. x : X: XXX Sp. eed 4 : XX: XX: : INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY. 303 -TABLE SHOWING THE RANGE OF SPECIES IN THE PENNSYLVANIAN FORMATIONS IN MISSOURI—Continued. Des Moines Group. Missouri Group. OM} Jeel|) dae defi sly toh ee carne Ds | eo | | Ee | & iS | 4 Species. Be ee esics g5 ge g& 3& Bo |B2/B2|88/B2 | BS) es / Bs 6\act/eh| S27] an)Sa/S3)/e5 PloF®locloalo jo i) os B |BRISBS|5 |5 |B | Bo G celta lite = = Bryozoa—Continued. “nowilije ory Chit Glublorsls5 oo noanoseodudecnoeob | SK ote Sec ral| Raeeete|| tor shared eae oes s,e PRAM OLA aViCLA te eeioieiers nie cue cto aeruenn wiicieeriey ess Fiaialell heute 5 loners alla o-a!5||oncal ooo BRA POLAGSD sriepat svelerreeie ie oui ticyie Gls eiebenens Gletueslaiehe = seal >< CRE oH hime onl eneaceal lasers ecaerane Lio se Grae a5 os otinuce Bo Ce ecLDrie eee heed ol catierees jtarenc x Gi 2] aad g| lo eualS| lors hollaomne WO pOLaTSUDNOG OSA. reer: oes aie is oie ae elem ees Beate Lee | en cberey| meocunl ts Dale) eats eusent Chainodictyonlilaxum ysis see ye canis rinte ele one V5.8 oul a A-ders| lostvoaal tenant Be eal (ote sl heen Fenestella parvipora ees xX |}. Tiesdia||t Rosell |aeibee enestellaispinWlosaiciveiss cscs ccee sie cueuebers ce che) ov eyeve | Bal Pee aeecle aera Wiel (ec Heriestellagtenax:ctatecscis ste cal ce ere sosace ayn stelatebe feces Siicreeie x x |. x SS lloone ING CSIGIIIE: STO Sigs tid Biome Oreetouc Otcaneanc oe cpa Oreo cnen | X]--..|.--- xX |- x el ease POLY OLA CLASS Ale ccyevers chris e see sicue Dtbreee sh aneuets salevencuerlaifiayieltece Sys Papell eases lorena cells fen orh| base Sad (eer Poly pOcanclliptica sme rss eee ee sje aceehaNehens eis sie on evens lenctete| [Seer [cuore [a taselt lo XS hots Polyporamodicarinatae.. 25.56 soe ees we cere rene eG. 2] [eke teeal [escesen lores lo >< ||S'etore MolyporaSPUNMULIfera pes fc) tele e eee eee es eres Neier e cll tcheca|lete aellh see lea cel es cecea beoerl ene iPolypora submareinatay.:. 2s ances sue dese secre Jove efeeee fess eens [eee |e. .] X |e. IPOlyPOrAmbriAM eS ULATIS 2 er, secrece aie sre -ceekei ogee esis ecelicl= 6-8 real ana ca] esto rl tockoeal Ie Artal ee | oe Roly Mora milriGhie eye elehe caer sete stan fred eeece sche leered leas) leoraall ares a0 ul! 2S llooee IRolypOravation whibGlets 2 yr ncio nates as roe ene | aes lorie < aoe eReneest| nereks IDOL Seba potoaakocepeesbeonoassoeeaaounee eceall 24 asco x >< lope hamniscus chidivaricans.: ¢ 5.25.) 52526 22s ene Ab colon eallame-silono vile costo esl os llpoos BEhammniscus) Cf OctOnarius): 6: 16.2 js see bee daeeer Alloa & o| aerate oe eval le-crod (ta hl \leeSa loca ann obely Mobo oes oon son onbesedueo bots nos ao (eves ar alone| (vcd. biol hoseeeate| foie Ses Ie Sea lem Septoporabisenialishinchs soos yee eee ws ce eels Fo palinaseoaa|| cos ill) 2heyoeealle 26 lesa Septopora biserialis var. nervata................ Se dolletaol[bomallo el loapcl|) whe loraio.6] lsquoe Sephoporamminriabay. ic. acclcis < ¢ scce cuss cle cdelsse tie Praaticll cece) (es ten DG [fevevaes Soret NEPLOPOLa LODUStas asp tre civye sees cedyelepeiene er ere ale Bree | ele | fenssictes | aOR | eterteicy| geeey Si0 Pinnatopora sp.......... CiwAeetoocse Me BENE aol a8) leas teg|| eae alee coal Pele ase aed Rhombopora lepidodendroides................. Xx x x x x x x x Streblotrypa prisca...................--.-.--- fpnic||S sp clipeonlleocleere tl ferceac|| PS We ae Cystodictya? inseequimarginata................. AH rallxoae x Ile gee eee Prismopora triangulata....................-4-. x x ogi STIS OPOLAISD spite iceste en ale cus ces aston eteeveneaveitlel chen erarene XS Ilan s Brachiopoda— aye, Gaon yt on opone acon oenen | oaeeomoed air ome oS Nes teallob-calloanalle-oigia Parapley OMA baler mise ie le else eee lel e elses alle 2K Ile os soocle deciles. cfleaoslloons LITPETTIES Slot inic argon BUlclA med. B SO Meee Pin ne Ooms Bees x |ineSolfaceclloaoa Lingulidiscina missouriensis.................... >< aines Recall eel teres cal ges Roemerella patula? fool ee i ee ee eit Se teiso elle. aolla oxo @raniaemOoGeStaees. «sis 2 Giada da ahs co esebepetend ete accel |e. ese |lectace le Ue || loreal hue leeceeeo eeeene Uli Ome aANPECOSH slo. ss sls susie cis 2-2 =) Saks ener hal «ie Sretero| le areal lor-rena| fein ol Iie os x y< lo 'Sa0 Hmnteletes hemiplicatus..........0...5.s5 eee eee cuoalln collec ellooians| ir 2X Mclvoollee ai Werbyabenneitipey. ntact wachy we nae one suse ae satel es 1s | apeaee| ilk x eS |looad Merbyawroadheadiy 4.228 oi ne eee se we ee ae sacl 2. Neersallees elleupteall 206 6 Ninos DEED VAL CLASS Tree iene Oeleir iain clade csnaicas ensaoueteyene x x x x x x XK |---- PY OND Vicks CLASS A VAL none) = cayly (ateysie seve erete eager deeeenece cysts fesullos Selladsiell> esol let exes |aneelooas IDET NEY Tel OSL ete hay ate Sy cacneoieto oie mre Cen can peta eS 0 Wnoccllocenls eS |locoel! 2s << Ileia ad ORTNO LOTS SD aetna ices visors esses Semana CyeBeaceesehenene Vav clues Neoscllea.aalhcoclidteacllotadlloneee Miecekella striaticostata.. 01... es ee es x PSB coee be x x x boo CHonetes'geinitzianus® jo 202. ede ee ee Se che toca lec |G Patsiel|| 2: |la cael loca Chonetesieramulifere). cosa drs suayegerin ais cee vos ues x x > IIc x x x x Whonetesimesolobus'/. S02 fee ne eee x |) 3S) XS IIe apie d| | Woccllncn olleespr Chonetes mesolobus var. decipiens.............. > an x |. mameliogael lec mollanord Chonetes mesolobus var. euampygus............ 4A leetal (e Sos aed ie on lei Chonetesrverneuilianus®... Se oo nae ste ene eee x x x x x OK. |leoreeellbioce lenashiCcinhS Cots demon puomindad de omn aD meon Momecs xX| X x x | X x oS |laao IProdiictys Costatustis ve bse cals eee e ieee vee wee PS M\ec4| (Stoic cal |e esb. ol |eseunzal lo cles al feces Productus gallatinensis?.... sac eee 34 NWsec.lloees8 le a slhono.olle 6m olor boo IPLOdUCtUS/INSINUAbUS >...) -0..2 ee se se wis eels ee ae Fia.9 Ollem allo ccss|to opel eee lorena] [eho ool ool IProduciusspertenUissc). ce eee ae ae bee x x x x x Oana =)|(e1 = = Productus semireticulatus...................-- el ex x x x XK lowe =|. = - Productus semireticulatus var..............0... ral [srs Bsa Leese | eS (aco hema x A AUSUTH a NODLASKEMSIS scrote -/areies a iotaienersvanoecneret sates le XS | 2 eat a aS x 2 Pustula semipunctata...............-..-200es OOS )| STP SAI Soll DC leases 2 PEI ips VC PIG AI cra stacc) sie sen Gh ccoe ei < Sep a aun oh 7 at icc te S iN eiceeval feweell be neaheal le dssal ae é Marginifera lasallensis......-..5..-.:5-:0000+5 RIN lpeeeel aeons locas eer Se 2, . Tule Gy Eo Gore rey (CC 6 ete ee Ke WBS llcicessllac celle Sallooou|lg on alice 5 Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis......... PS Io co cllecco|faob eee | ere |e : Marginifera splendens................000eeeeee x x x x x c Marginifera wabashensis....................-- Pe We Necene x | Xx : Strophalosia spondyliformis....................-|..-. Sil | rors We ewerel fevers x . MELODHALOA ATED rei n)= ate dele acted chal aie/cremstolelatccoie: ar ecallonacllencslicocales X J.---Jeue . 304 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. TABLE SHOWING THE RANGE OF SPECIES IN THE PENNSYLVANIAN, FORMATIONS IN MISSOURI—Continued. Des Moines | Group. | Missouri Group. fey We t= {lpr iire 3] | el wD 22| a8 | s2| 58) s8|s8|a2| a3 ‘ B2|$5/28|s5|\$3|$e/s8/$5 Species. aol|BS|BS|Be|Bs|SE/BS i Be -RI|SS/Psp|lo he | ee len] es :S/ES/ES3/E5) 2 =” so) SF |B |B°|BS\5 [2 |8 [88 7 : z : Meets : : Brachiopoda—Continued=— | | Mpeulifera anmatacis ence eee Bom (ort Allg: | | yee bes Tegulifera kamsasensis................ Serre Mae lee>-< Sas BAe Fey IPtiznax: OSAensIS..: = © aecntacuneten ote L Giasult SS x x Pugnax osagensis var. percostata....... = 5 eee Sa lonnc Aree eh) AS Pugnax-rockymontania’ pele cereieite es vere Ba ome iS % Red en ao) acts sli sr Cryptacanthia compacta.............. ES east |= sel hs 2 3 ste eal Dislasma Dovidens:10. cicteccste pein sielsiais te ce eee ater eo. ah es a ee Spirifor Camoeratiis =. Posie torte acre ee eee eal |e eka |< x x [x te | at Spiriterina Ken tuck yvensisees wc seirieieieiseien areas x x ees x] xX bial ae Maistedia mormon s <3 ec cieyavencleray seein oteetee x x x x x x Peal (Gayest Oliothyridina orbiewlarish paras: meee 1 x oe x x > ed ete al hoi Gomposita subtilita 22-20 2.0 ce. cme ae ecient oS Kile os Del Bee x x x Pelecypoda— | Solenomya anodontoides?.....................- peeve ce feces | DS" {fhevm tote everetey enentel ite nanee Soleromya parallelasmeeacucemeseee nee eens Pee ee coins ion SD S|. Solenomiyaradlatavaecere mn meee oe ae eee erecta ened | De et esl foomeryn IS enc Solenomiyasolenifarmis <'-sye 2s crtete a hese ee reteueests P| ines aianal Gna eee ee Solenomya-trapezoides®)..c 0.6. cues se eee euee Ne ae Mdmondiamrefloxat:. sic cs a. ~ «oc eee aera eieerka ele Peete ee Pe Glliiserlion cells risa, ctlss. He Weaver ts HEWES) Beno cients POO DINET Oo COTE a CAICKE G5 Cae ele x x x Mailweate Nucula anodontoides i527. cnn oe ee ome cae ele Reg Cree ops (errno || ol DG (5 Soca (a Fen Wienlabeyrichite cnc octamer: actos nets votes Eeresaie| eciel orce ws. (es: ba ene Mie ci. INCU DAR VEl oaveye eystacceerN Ac meena lee eee tanec to ees Isa alll oo DE lsverar el eerie INMICULA PANVa “VAUss cicce cicero cca: staretesioeuare ote aie elena wiele eflee'e.sille ese] RO etevaleell Beige] aes eae Nucula sp...... HOgecvoaacaseegnosebowes 7 oae ae eee ie. 4a oe lie 3 | lee INTICHIODSIS WEMtrICOSa et ei5/e leah eserele vein eisieleue leieielals rl ees Me Gee Se (Sree li oe lic sel IDE Mtoe th min migucimmedo OIE OO DD maaan a havoda va sisi] OK Here ao] ORO 1 X00 gan le enna ee Med amibe aria cis eisinre stone tteiersecetata nlaretenrnayaieist st etabene eee) Erte ike Se et ol se le chico TOO SI ey etalctarcea tiate nctetcie ee ere ee ier orere iene eee Somele sed |seoul|| P< To lose Sepa apeepre Yoldiayy Nae NHC T brace enntn b bo Ane ih SeicictO-> digi Be a PRI eee ns ake Se nz ce eae Parallelodonidelicatusziccs ry aerrare evevctecels intone ote] ett) | a meene | eteten eee x Rrcinin enero Parallelodon ObsOlebUS at crn). o's ate tisporcueicl else avetdiars z {etic ofl Severe een Parallelodon sangamonensis meer Re eR eet forces Gnctnch Wyo Sellen cpc! D4 HEY yeh, | hte Parallelodon denulstelatus? BOG Odo Gns cad SOOO Gal oA Rete ome Sc. SEER INK ee IPATAUELOM OME aereratate srerel eter atete aretenet tater doaivereifscctsre |! eal teeatenen et en ees aoe Pinna POracuta tore ays oe es waren reer einer tree were other a llsteeere Hee x bad Nephi or Gonocardium missouriense ..225 5555.22: - 8:02. wees ficr, = flee so. eff) OMe | lehaeel geen Metta eae (Rheriaonita ciietisctecie cto meee teleee veto ny tonece are eis lercect ere ct Pteria ohioensis....... Baye phase cheater aotetateronacecencte 5 eye] a feteea oer (Ptendayeiileatiege = cia\stscersiat ate ete, le yern ctereiateeieisianaiets De ney Bakewellia? sp... -.--.--- sees e eee reece eee SP eisisfinieie re Monopteniay iB bORs « iaycierelcracsis) ais oye erelere aimtavarela sie etbalectad IMFONOPUSMIAayIOLIALL iy cic.c cinerea ereretsjarete an eiarene re tenchs Sears teehee (Peetidom@notigiha writs yere crs aisle crecciela alevera atetels (ate erat | Oa teb if ats bare | eet KX ifis helm oe yaa Pseudomonotis kamsasensis................05-- Peas pee, (eel ms ? 5 ee (eee) Roar (IPSBUCOMQNONE Sis amps ce ele siets eee ieee erent Peter’ veel (9 atic frites De ee (rast |i : Dung EE is) Ge ere tas AAG aS ODA = Bere nary ce ef OG aad en ee a Wi yalina aivicmlordes ie <:5)5 «cs einielerace ute toler eaueteiees rarer eee Wend (ese rice es ne |e 4 Miyalingkansasensis: 2,-2.0 ul. ete nei. eae eae sractcn {lane ee | SueTen R ban en |e ec Miyalina perattenuata.. oc ie ee cis cae cece ole Pore ceed (roca cha. bal eS nicl ate AV Valinia Dp OrmULOnOOIs tsar. w)rcyaale anttuemins en Da nee Wray ee ere tee ee aint Miyabina, recurganos iris... )ciecinictaddieie tee vecienecnmisiaiees ey olla na] ae x i ial oe | ae Myalina subquadrata...............0.e eee ee fect ig rd x x x XM [eset a ESRPEREG WD vietsioicscuers, derisas, oie sieve usa heieacieramerans ba. |icoraticme a lesa Ol (ee (oe ot tae pe dose a eT OI ete ee (eed (inseoesy Weceeod es oF ba aed aes feo Schizodus affinis................ Rta Pest ort os. bieac Sal eo oe. eeee Schizodus OVAGUAl 656s wt cone see es cia ove aipiecnte ous [alate Die OIE non cen iae ac erecta] ara orey lquereca ee 8 aco Aviculipecten fasciculatus...............-..-.. Sate as x ayers Aviculipecten pellucidus....................... 2 Nava sallanoslles os (gti tomsee Aviculipecten aff. pellucidus.......:........... See ONT ERry RAN fale Bees Aviculipecten rectilaterarius............ x Boks Btn Aviculipecten aff. rectilaterariu: < A opts rate Aviculipecten whitei.................. x Hoard cher IAVACUIIPeChen SD. sc) cle rescis sees oe tce ee ae all. SS Mtcke x Permipecten)aviculaguss). cso. ch) eee ee wae <1e x x ? DCO PECTEANCOXANUS (is eweucteneie rs setene ecm teuer= alone its fopulecoeioucollacded Porc Deltopecten meCOyin. a. S. et e e e Bs cilolae Alloo'e- colle Deltopecten occidentalis...............-:.-..-- Beslellaaib-a| (goo Deltopecten aff. occidentalis................... Pratl act coleescas So ccllaoe EIGOPEETENYSD sls esters seseicee sree sce abe ereveisle tere ee nee Ska daa allan cel) OX x Acanthopecten carboniferus..................-. | ee x x ? Muchondria neglectals. 0.25... eee eee m< seocloos cia ERE MLO pLeLiamheLZeLlie qcuiots anny es wieieicie aren soe dieenollasoaile aos! 2 Winco te Parnes Ley G x x IBMCanOpsisMmEe KAMA ny ee.vs Sern felever cis ste wusencusesin fn oe een Oram ess x x x Pharkidonotus percarinatus.................... x Saaal\) OX Pharkidonotus percarinatus var. tricarinatus..... ao Bone sacl os Pleurotomaria brazoensis?.............. PE Woosh Pleurotomaria perhumeros; flere Sl lore x x Pleurotomaria persimplex............. Raeel||) OS dyer eve: Pleurotomaria pratteni?s .2 2 nk ble at oe oe leurotomaria scitula?s / oe ee eee) esac wee sep es eee Pleurotomaria subconstricta?.................. x toes Pleurotomaria subturbinata?................... pccolts peclisesalle pedo x Pleurotomaria sp....... wep sctocesoogesseotunan Soualll os BS |) 2S Koos Murchisonia missouriensis..................... x eS se pale x | x re xx » XXXXKX: s : eeCEe G—20 306 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. TABLE SHOWING THE RANGE OF SPECIES IN THE PENNSYLVANIAN FORMATIONS IN MISSOURI—Continued. Des Moines Group. Missouri Group. Q| ||] | 6] 2l os a Fem | her] mp | Ja eA) Species. ES €8|\s8/se|sgeige $2 \ ss eel/ES|ES BS |B BEES |Es g|£2/B2| 24/5" | 25/28) 88 ls” |s8/82/8 |g 18 \ge : = Ci ; Z "i Gastropoda—Continued. Wrepospira spheertlatae sre orci tae aie ee ? Sd CRD OIEG| (rao [cacnci Go 4 Schizostoma catilloidess..: 25. See cs seve eue ies x x Kit | haya 7a] ee ell aera) eeeene Phymatiferpernodosus?:: t22 v1) eter aa ones eats PEI Man Sad eta (ra hac ei ol ase Naticopsisaltonensis. 3.3... us hie cen eae ene x >a Kearkiees Wass Say Io cunio| hee Naticopsis?moniliferale ee ee ae ee ae ee clas, PyPicet) es > (a) ioe pec Naticopsis nana, soc ne aes pene meas > al (Greeewsl icin nica Sec le levied aur Naticopsis‘scintilla j..522 2 tu aeae tani nne wee erate!‘ ialcs im ms aS Ea theron | Kena Naticopsis subovata...................000000- Je-=| hs ete ee eel aie Naticopsis'sp iettersem cere ernie areca ek era ieee x}: x | xX Naticella americana: . 255 Cse.)s see. sree ee eeu ae x Shale Rego ered |e oa a Loxonema? niisp: deci. seed acd)o dinevkeretd bral aicie cea Ace, Dae IRAE ARGS rae gl Ck se Macrochellina?sp.2. 35:4. see cee een enn waiaee aan 4a) Bae Gace toe cial ne ae ZAygoplouraafhinis ses Hie nedutrs cease mca ai nee 4 Se senate aad |S cocal|o acc ioc Zygopleura multicostata...................04-- pa Se) ices) Gees erin] acre aes isco Zygopletira Mana .-2s -yketonie ree eee eee eee SSAA ecieval lon Aial | <2. arate ZyZoploura: NOGOsSA. sieseea cess senses me cee ites ogee sxe ZyeZopleura; Panvatsoaccceec ewe eat eae > an PE cen Pek) facie lercearr cccen) bec Zyeopleura: Pilicatass 5. nes arn ckue eae > SEE ai loicistal soc Allon vista Zyeoploura-TUROSAS Mae fries ti were wwon oda mee noas PAA x Zygoploura eress ew c sass Ba aie ee aa waters Bebr ba aoe occ Zanenionns Sd BO ORO ERO Oe le dct etn miss ro Bore Peles ZvBop PLOULa BD: secs fa See te crerausaee ier x x x x enlizy ga Gubla soc. os ccc cate vars nate mummers Daal ceed |eckcto| curses (eae 2) Kees cs ~ Homizypaelegans ss 6. oh sis 2 cis & eyed carey > ae Seta meter jes (oro for cliocks dis Ac Hemizyga grandicostata................02eeees > el Riad Steicho! etal io achiac 5 - Bulimorpha‘chrysalis yi. = serene eee ieee x Li or lec0 = Bulimorphainormatas- 05s ciiee ey eerie el OO panty HO oOo A facia} cast lfee Bulimorphaiminuta seen. one eee nee x x x Bullmorplia (isp iecece cite criee e e ereeaee PG ete Ieioieicd en Ao) dcr] |scicaa\ lls = Sphsrodomia‘brevisss. o1-)51 25. slots pola eros om ators an > Weienete ina 3c x Spherodoma? fusiformi Yin wrecallss aere']).. cueee be sevarell cteelatet eee amen Sphrrodoma gracilis?) fy-5 4. -< cn pneie ose als Mean sisifieaceyells neerelf eta aye] Oyen Spherodoma intercalaris...................... Bro eee |e |e s) ho x | X Sphzrodoma primogenia. ... 2.2.2. ch ecececeeee Ri cicl local a6 2 x a Senet Ven tricosa?..: i5<- Ao eyes ceeiarhieter ve Ser be nets Pats! seer ace BpherogOmartey, cicicts ce. 3 eA ee ee ae x x Seas é eekospira peraciita Stofarshel sore uictene Ponape tn Raia x be ae ceo, x TE GEN ORD Pra E DD sora 3 Oiapal ate cos ackenc Sided STIG cir ae ou x Del (OIE icon ore a [rin Soleniscus? sp.......... edie a Bri (ea) ileal eee fa Aclisina quadricarinata er slfere aren ee Gol lacs Aclisina n. sp. aff. quadricarinata............... ecve| er X |\s.. da RRR) (cere eee eerie (oc fee : Platyceras parvum .:5).5 een ae cee nonin oem eat al | nast-anmiceemene x MAT Srlle aes oop ee ee PUHOCOLAS SD. 4 van cys aioe searerds aye Mier oeereineaeen x 2 DW amie) Woiencact Ines lar Pseudorthoceras knoxense.._|................, x X | oT as a ae na NUTS DE os ca eats Gliese se eee ve eta ata Po [eee leo Pagal acy ies Ite Metacoceras (cavatiforme. » .-.ic.c sc ddliesaieciete wieialere lenin nore of eicice feeiae eae Pe (Boia) jaric Metacoceras aff. cornutum.................... pa Pres RISE) (SIA | (io | fry | Bac ay Mietacoceras Haylie) seri ols sieves ae mie ralareieroin erevatallayatata | arora seestesee[ence] XX [eeesleeee Metacoceras inconspicuum.................+++.{...-Jeee: seeefense] KK [eee cleceeleeee Moetacoveral scnintilet ..\5)oo.0-5. i202 OW ela mo | S| Species. Be|s2\/$2 25/85 /S2 s8/S5 oO|/BEIBS|BS|Bo| BRI BS | Be Plo®|oo|oale iS) ° og B |BP/SS/5 |8: |B | Bo . . ad - ame fte . Ostracoda—Continued. | PROWOSIM a SLES ALIA ee exe ers ee sisieisiaie vies aciajicieme ens Rooters fSioicecs| Eaters satel ete esl [oeeral inre.4 ark bya centronata.- 0/50 .ocleess Heras os Seen e sigallsao soled wis piafier Be as| EAA CA Dee ler ier ici. ot giayau an cecbares fee eve ne celleia ore Pe It remains only to discuss a possible readjustment of the zooecia themselves. I know not whether such a process could take place; it could only come about through a settling of the zooids outside of the skeleton already deposited. It at least seems to be true that such a process would result in a distortion of the zooecial tubes such as, I believe, is never observed. That such stems as we are considering do increase in girth as well as in length is obvious, but the use of size as a specific character implies that in each species there isa certain limit in their enlargement beyond which increase is slow or at which it possibly ceases altogether, so that in each species completely developed branches maintain a reasonable uniformity in size. This also raises the question of a minimum as well as a maximum limit of size, and the other related question whether the structure of the branches is not modified as the size increases from small to large. Barring subsequent changes, it would appear that the minimum size of such stems as these, in which the zooecial tubes change more or less abruptly from a longitudinal direction and a thin- walled condition in the central part of the stem, to a radial direction and a thick-walled condition in the cortical part, was fixed and predetermined by the size of the immature or axial thin-walled portion. The diameter of this axial portion might conceivably vary in different parts of the same stem, but since its diameter depends upon the number and size of the zooecia and upon the length of the immature condition (which partly determ- ines the number of zooecia in the axial region at a given stage) and since these factors are probably essentially constant, we may conclude that such fluctuations are not common and that irregularities in size are due to irregularities in thickness of the mature zone. If I understand him aright, Lee believes that while secretions are being added to the outer side of the thick-walled cortical zone, resorption is taking place on its inner side so that the axial region grows in size as well as the cortical zone, and a constant ratio is maintained between them. This ratio, then, becomes a feature of specific importance and Lee uses it as such in his classification of the British species. The opposite process might also take place, and secondary deposits might be added on the inner side of the cortex thus diminishing, as the other process increased, the size of the thin-walled axial region. Small changes by resorption or accretion might be very difficult to detect espe- cially in types in which the change from the immature to the mature condition was G—22 338 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. gradual and not accompanied by an abrupt change in the thickness of the wall and especially in the direction of the tube. : I am inclined to doubt the activity of either process to an appreciable degree in the forms which I have myself examined, and in the group of forms which I am considering it appears to me that the diameter of the immature zone after being once established remained essentially constant. I am also inclined to believe that in these forms the axial portion, instead of maintaining a constant ratio to the cortical zone, is itself constant within the limits of a species, and that the ratio is an ever-varying one until the full growth of the stem is attained—that the ratio is constant for all full-grown stems of a species, but not constant for the growth of any single stem. It is, however, debatable whether the last off-shoots of a large ramose colony, even when fully developed, might not have a smaller total girth and a smaller axial portion than the main trunk and branches. Still, if a stem starts out with a certain num- ber of cells in the axial region, having a certain size, and continued to a certain length before bending outward and assuming mature characters, it seems probable that the same number, and size, and length would be maintained in subsequent branchings, and also that if another colony showed marked differences in those characters, the differ- ences should be considered as specific differences. The character of the ramification also seems to be considered more or less of a specific character, and perhaps in some types greater regularity is maintained. The forms from Missouri, however, seem to branch at the most irregular intervals, at almost any angle, and by lateral off-shoots or by bifurcation indiscriminately. I do not see that there is any real difference between these two modes of branching. In both modes the parent stem divides into two branches, but in the one case both branches diverge from the line of the original stem, while in the other case one of the branches keeps on in the same direction as the parent stem and the other branch diverges from it. There is, however, another quite different kind of lateral branch which involves the distinction between terminal and lateral branching. At the growing end of a stem there are ap- parently a fixed number of immature thin-walled cells, of which the outer ones are in process of bending outward and taking on a thick-walled condition, and the inner ones are destined to grow forward, pass to the outer ring, and in their turn take on a mature condition and a radial direction. At certain periods, determined by conditions which no one has fathomed, the central group of cells is doubled, it divides into two diverging fascicles and a branch thus comes into being. In view of the fact that the axial portion of every stem is always thin-walled and the cortical portion always thick-walled, it is difficult to understand how branches can be given off in any other way, than at the ends of stems, yet specimens are found which have a young branch well down from any possible growing end. This condition might result from terminal branching in which one of the two off-shoots was much more vigorous than the other, but this explanation does not seem applicable to most of these cases. They can hardly be explained otherwise than by supposing either that in certain small areas of the mature stem the thick-walls of the cortical zone are resorbed and a young branch was proliferated, or else that similar areas remain thin- walled and immature for a certain period, prepared for such a contingency, being in fact latent branches. This hypothesis would account for the areas observed, for in- stance, on many specimens of B. polyspinosa characterized by having thin walls and numerous “‘mesopores”’ or young cells. An objection to both these explanations, however, is that it is not only a thickening of the walls by which the mature condition is characterized, but a development of acanthopores, granules, and sometimes mesopores, all of which are supposed to represent distinct and special kinds of zooids, the dis- appearance of which would be most difficult to account for. Horizon and locality: Cherokee shale, station 255a. Henrietta formation— Ft. Scott limestone member, station 232 (?); Pawnee limestone member, station 204. Kansas City formation—Cherryvale shale member, stations 162, 210 (?), 644 (?); Iola limestone member, station 168 (?). Lansing formation—Lane shale member, sta- DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 339 tions 163, 285, 297 (?); Plattsburg limestone member, station 296. Douglas formation —Lawrence shale member, stations 208, 278 (?), 299 (?); Oread limestone member, stations 170, 284 (?). Shawnee formation—Calhoun shale member, station 197; Topeka limestone member, stations 179, 180, 200. Batostomella sp. A. Under this title I am including several distinct, though apparently connected, types. The first group comprises a few small, incrusting zooaria distinguished by the thinness of their walls and the large number of their mesopores (?). The incrustations are very thin, a mere film upon Composita.or other forms. It is difficult to state the number of mesopores (?) even relatively as their distribution is irregular, but they are probably as numerous as the zooecia, if not more numerous. The walls are exceedingly thin, their tops smooth (when worn?) or armed with small granules. Normal acantho- pores occur at some of the cell angles, but where present they are small. A modification of this form is found at station 299. It appears to have the charac- ters-of the normal variety from which it differs in its appreciably finer structure. In this group of specimens no branches are developed. The mode of growth is like Tabulipora distans, but the cells are shorter, the walls thinner, and the mesopores (?) more numerous; besides these there are other differences. Another group of specimens shows what is provisionally considered to be a different stage of the same form. These also are incrusting. In a typical specimen of this group the walls are very thin in the outer parts of the zoarium, but toward the center they become thick and round the angles of the zooecia, and a slender stem, 1 mm. in diameter, which has similar thick walls and round zooecia, is given off. This specimen is in lot 300, and another like it is in lot 278. A third group of specimens, chiefly from station 165, consist only of slender stems, 2 mm. in diameter or less. They resemble the stumps of stems that project from the basal expansion forming the group last described. These are slenderer than the stems of B. greeniana and have thinner walls. Similar stems occur in lot 221. All of this material is rather scanty and ill adapted for sectioning; microscopic study or the examination of more and better material may show that these specimens do not belong together as they now seem to belong. In some respects this form resembles B. spinulosa, but it has many mesopores (?) while spinulosa has few. Some specimens from station 170, though provisionally in- cluded under Batostomella sp. A. are more likely than the rest to belong to B. spinulosa. They occur as slender stems, 2 mm. in diameter arising from basal expansions, and are distinguished from the rest of the material by having fewer mesopores (?), and by other differences. Horizon and locality: Cherokee shale—Bevier coal horizon, station 238. Henrietta formation—Ft. Scott limestone member, stations 262, 661, 667,669. Douglas formation —Lawrence shale member, stations 278, 298, 299 (?), 300; Oread limestone member, station 170. Shawnee formation—Deer Creek limestone member, station 165(?); Calhoun shale member, station 187; Topeka limestone member, station 211. Wabaun- see formation—upper shale (Admire?), station 221. Genus Tabulipora Young. Tabulipora distans Condra. 1902. Stenopora distans. Condra, Am. Geol., vol. 30, p. 241, pl. 20, figs. 3-5. Coal: Measures: Louisville, Nebr. 1903. Stenopora distans. Condra, Nebraska Geol. Survey, Rept. vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 44, pl. 5, figs. 6-9. Coal Measures: Louisville, South Bend, and LaPlatte, Nebr. Only one specimen has been studied by thin sections and it, consequently, is the one upon which the identification chiefly rests. It is attached to a Composita and is 340 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. only 20 millimeters across at the widest part. The thickness of the thin section is 1 millimeter but the maximum thickness of the specimen may be 2 millimeters. The walls are undoubtedly thicker in some places than in others but there are no distinct thick-walled'areas. Similarly though the cells vary in size there are no distinct maculae nor though the surface is more or less uneven, are there distinct monticules. The zooecia are small near the margin of the zoarium, and over part of it they are conspicuously arranged in slightly decussating curved rows. They vary from strongly polygonal to sub-circular in section, according as the bounding walls vary from thick to thin. Here and there, one at a time, young cells occur among the large ones. Large acanthopores are a conspicuous feature of one end of the zoarium, but the other end, though appar- ently equally well preserved, scarcely shows them at all. The thin sections show many of the characters mentioned above. In addition, they show that the cells attain a diameter of .28 millimeter, though most of them are .21 mm. or less. Six or seven occur in a linear distance of 2mm. The walls are moder- ately thickened and in some the thickening is annular or periodic, but in most it is more or less uniform. Perforated diaphragms are abundant in most of the zooecia and they are as a rule considerably less than a cell diameter apart, but they may occur at much longer intervals. Large acanthopores are developed in some of the cell angles but are absent in many of them. Small acanthopores or granules also occur, forming rows along the median line of the walls. In most particulars this form agrees closely with T. distans, but there are some differences. T. distans is said to have one-third as many mesopores as there are zooecia, while in my specimen the “‘mesopores” are distinctly less than one-third. Condra states that the walls of distans are not plainly moniliform, while*the walls of my specimen in places plainly are. In my single rather poor tangential section some of the walls are thinner than any shown by Condra’s figure, and the acanthopores are rather smaller and less numerous, Horizon and locality: Cherokee shale—Mulky coal horizon, station 307. Henrietta formation—Ft. Scott limestone member, station 249; Pawnee limestone member, station 204. Kansas City formation—Chanute shale member, station 429a (?). Lan- sing formation—Plattsburg limestone member, stations 295 (?), 296. Douglas for- mation—latan limestone member, station 289 (?); Lawrence shale member, station 208 (?). Shawnee formation—Lecompton limestone member, station 288; Severy shale member, station 228. Tabulipora vera n. sp. Plate XXX, figures 9, 9a. Zoarium in the form of irregular, more or less compressed stems, 7 mm. or less in diameter. Superficially the stems are seen to be made up of rather large zooecia with numerous small ones irregularly distributed among them. The small apertures, which are probably not of the nature of mesopores appear to be scarcely less numerous than the large zooecia, and are probably at least half as numerous. In some places the walls are thin, and the zooecia angular; in others the walls are much thicker and the zooecia rounded. Acanthopores are so few and small that the walls might at first be thought to be without them. Tangential sections show little more than this, save that the walls have distinct median lines made up of small granules. The mature zone measures about 1 mm. or less. My observations on the thickening of the mature zone and on the diaphragms are somewhat at variance. It seems almost necessary to infer from the marked variation in thickness of the walls, as shown not only on the surface of the branches but in thin sections, that the thickening was monili- form, but my observations on this point, not very numerous it is true, would indicate that it was nearly uniform. Similarly, in one thin section the diaphragms are rather numerous—about a cell diameter apart—while in another specimen not sectioned, these structures appear to be absent. As many as six zooecia occur in 2 mm. or as few as 4}. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 341 T. vera is distinguished by its ramose mode of growth, its numerous diaphragms, and its acanthopores, which are unusually few and small. Of described forms having the ramose mode of growth some differ so widely in other respects that a detailed com- parison is not necessary. The most similar species is probably that described as Steno- pora polyspinosa. T. vera differs, however, in having more numerous diaphragms, in having the walls more distinctly annulated, in having more numerous mesopores, and in having smaller acanthopores, of which the smaller sort are little more than an interrupted median line. I am now referring the other species to the genus Batosto- mella, but T. vera appears to be a true Tabulipora. Horizon and locality: Wansas City formation—Bethany Falls limestone member, station 250. Genus Liopora n. gen. This genus grows in thin incrustations of small expanse and is composed of regularly arranged zooecia surrounded by abundant mesopores. Aggregations of numerous mesopores produce maculae which rise in low monticules. The cell structure is minute. Owing to the relatively thick walls, the zooecia and the much smaller mesopores are rounded. The walls are thickened in the mature region and irregularities in the deposit give them a distinctly moniliform appearance in sections which cut them longitudinally. The walls show no median line. Diaphragms are entirely absent, as are acanthopores and acanthopore-like granules. In many of the cells a slight projection springs from the bounding wall on one side (rarely more than one) as if showing the initial stage of fission, yet as none of the final stages are present, this interpretation seems inadmissible. A similar appearance is produced in some species by indenting acanthopores, but neither is this interpretation warranted by my observations in this case, for well-preserved surfaces show no projecting spines and thin sections show no differentiation in the walls such as usually indicates acanthopores or granules. The position of this form seems to be among the Batostomellidae. In the infrequent yet still occasional thickening of the walls it suggests Stenopora but differs in almost all other characters, the minute size of the cells, the abundance of mesopores, and the absence of diaphragms and of acanthopores. From typical Lioclema and from most of the variations of it at present included in the genus, it differs in the complete absence of diaphragms and of acanthopores, as well as, apparently, in the presence of the annular thickenings above mentioned. As figured by Ulrich, with numerous open mesopores and without acanthopores, his Kinderhook species Lioclema wachsmuthi is very much like the present type, but longi- tudinal sections of L. wachsmuthi show it to possess an abundant development of dia- phragms, and Ulrich describes the apertures as surrounded by spinules (acanthopores), a feature not shown in his figures. The peculiar indentation of the zooecial tube pos- sessed by this form is a character not found in any of the Batostomellide. Liopora subnodosa n. sp. Plate X XVII, figures 2, 2a; plate XXVIII, figures 1, la, 2, 2a. Zoarium in the form of thin expansions attached to other organisms (chiefly Com- posita subtilita). All the colonies observed are small, under 25 mm. in diameter and under 1 millimeter in thickness, usually under .5 millimeter. Macroscopically the zoarium is seen to be made up of small sub-circular zooecia and numerous sub-circular mesopores. The mesopores are assembled at intervals into groups or maculae which are somewhat elevated and the zooecia adjacent to the maculae are of slightly larger size than the rest. The maculae stand at intervals of about 3.5 millimeters and an arrangement in rows is rather conspicuous. A linear arrangement of the zooecia is also striking. - In tangential section the zooecia are seen to be rounded but irregular, slightly lobate or petaloid. This results from two causes. One is that the walls, though thick- 342 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. ened, are not sufficiently thickened completely to round the cells which are subangular in shape. The other cause is a peculiar structure, an angular projection of the wall indenting the cell on one side. This is not found in all the cells, but it occurs in too many of them to be accidental. The petaloid aperture produced in this way is so obvious that a hasty observer, without of course the aid of thin sections, might easily mistake this for a peculiar fistuliporoid. I am at a loss to interpret this structure. It at first suggests reproduction by fission, but not only are some of the cells without this projection of the walls, but none of them shows it carried beyond an initial stage, so that this interpretation seems untenable. Similarly, though acanthopores some- times produce indentations of the cells resembling this, the walls in this form are con- spicuously lacking in acanthopore structures. In diameter the zooecia measure from .14 to .17 millimeter in one section, from .17 to .21 in another, and are usually about their own diameter apart (.07 to .21 millimeter). Six, rarely 7, occur in a distance of 2 millimeters. In the vicinity of macul# they are more widely separated. The meso- pores are very much smaller though variable in size. They average about .07 millimeter in diameter, but many are smaller and some are larger, and they are disposed in one, or often two, rows between the zooecia; seldom three or more rows except near maculae. Like the zooecia they are more or less rounded, but they are more irregular than the zooecia in size and shape. Some are elongated with one diameter much greater than the other. The walls are rather thick for the diminutive cells which they divide. Those which separate the mesopores are indistinguishable from those which surround the zooecia, the whole making a network entirely uniform except for the size of the openings. In thickness they vary from .028 to .042 millimeter. They are entirely without traces of acanthopores. Sections cutting the cells longitudinally show a series of tubes of large and small caliber, the former occurring singly, the latter mostly in groups of two or three (not infrequently singly, too). The mesopores originate close to the base of the zoarium showing a very narrow immature zone. Diaphragms are developed in neither zooecia nor mesopores. The walls are thickened soon after assuming an erect position, and the thickening is annular so that longitudinal sections show a moniliform structure. Horizon and locality: Henrietta formation—Ft. Scott limestone member, stations 245, 251. Kansas City formation—Chanute shale member, station 429a. Douglas formation—Oread limestone member, station 273. Genus Rhombopora Meek. Rhombopora lepidodendroides Meek? 1866. Stenopora columnaris (pars). Geinitz, Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 66, (Not Schlotheim, 1813). Upper Coal measures: Nebraska City, Bennetts Mill, and Wyoming, Nebr. 1872. Rhombopora lepidodendroides. Meek, U. S. Geol. Survey Nebraska, Final Rept., p. 141, pl. 7, figs. 2a-f. Upper Coal Measures: Nebraska City, Bennetts Mill, Wyoming, Rock Bluff, and Plattsmouth, Nebr.; Kansas; Iowa; Missouri; Illinois. ?1877. Rhombopora lepidodendroides. White, U. S. Geog. Surveys W. 100th Mer., Rept., vol. 4, pt. 1, p. 99, pl. 6, figs. 5a-d. Carboniferous: West face of Oquirrh Range, near “E. T. City,” Utah, and at confluence of White Mountain and Black rivers, Arizona. 1884. Rhombopora lepidodendroides. Ulrich, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour., vol. 7, p. 27, pl. 1, figs. 1-1b. Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City, Mo.; Nebraska City and Wyoming, Nebr. 1887. Rhombopora lepidodendroides. Foerste, Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., Bull., vol. 2, p. 73, pl. 7, figs. 3a, b. Coal Measures: Flint Ridge and Bald Hill, Ohio. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 343 1887. Rhombopora ————. Foerste, idem, p. 74, pl. 7, figs. 5a-c. Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 1888. Rhombopora lepidodendroides. Weyes, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., p. 225. (Date of imprint 1889). Lower Coal Measures: Des Moines, Iowa. 1895. Rhombopora lepidodendroides. Weyes, Missouri Geol. Survey, Rept., vol. 5, p. 35, pl. 33, figs. 4a, b. (Date of imprint, 1894.) Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City, Mo. 1896. Rhombopora lepidodendroides. Smith, Am. Phil. Soc. Proc., vol. 35, p. 237. Upper Coal Measures: Poteau Mountain, Indian Territory. 1897. Rhombopora lepidodendroides. Smith, Leland Stanford Junior Univ. Pub.; Contrib. Biology, Hopkins Seaside Lab., No. 9, p. 27. Upper Coal Measures: Poteau Mountain, Indian Territory. 1903. Rhombopora lepidodendroides. Girty, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 16, p. 341. Molas and Hermosa formations; San Juan region, Colo. Weber formation: Leadville district, Colo. Carboniferous: Grand River and Uinta Mountain regions, Colo. 1903. Rhombopora lepidodendroides. Condra, Nebraska Geol. Survey Rept., vol. 2, ' pt. 1, p. 99, pl. 6, figs. 2-4, pl. 7, figs. 1-12. Coal Measures: Nebraska (20 localities). Permian: Blue Springs and Wymore, Nebr. 1903. Rhombopora lepidodendroides. Condra, Am. Geologist, vol. 31, p. 22, pl. 2. Permian: Numerous localities in Nebraska. Permian: Kansas. 1906. Rhombopora lepidodendroides. Woodruff, Nebraska Geol. Survey, Rept., vol. 2, pt. 2, pl. 9, figs. 2-4. Carboniferous: Nebraska. 21908. Rhombopora aff. R. lepidodendroides. Girty, U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 58, p. 153, pl. 31, fig. 17. Delaware Mountain formation: Mountains northwest of Martahon, Texas. Under this title are assembled many small specimens which may not belong to one species or even to one genus. All of them are small, mostly 1 millimeter or less in diameter, and regularly constructed, oblique ridges making rhombic openings which rapidly contract to an elliptical tube. The crests of the walls are furnished with a row of granules and their intersections with one or two large acanthopores. This is true of the most typical and the best preserved specimens but many are poor and fail to show all these characters. For this reason and because no thin sections have been made of any, the relations of these specimens are uncertain. Some of them may repre- sent an immature condition of Batostomella greeniana var. regularis or, on the other - hand, to that species may have been referred branches that really belong here. One of these specimens found at station 658, preserves part of the basal expansion. The branch appears to be rather worn, as it shows thick walls which are flat on top, and elliptical zooecia without vestibula, and the same characters appear in the basal portion. Young cells are not present in either. Horizon and locality: Cherokee shale—stations 255, 307 (?) 708, 1268C1. Henrietta formation—Ft. Scott limestone member, stations 247, 256, 661, 674. Pleasanton for- mation, station 231 (?). Kansas City formation—Hertha limestone member, station 233; Chanute shale member, stations 168, 173 (?), 416 (?). Lansing formation— Lane shale member, stations 658, 677; Stanton limestone member, stations 305 (?), 691 (?). Douglas formation—Weston shale member stations 297 (?), 301 (?); Iatan limestone member, station 304 (?); Lawrence shale member, stations 208 (?) 300; Oread limestone member, stations, 178, 181 (?), 292. Shawnee formation—Calhoun shale, station 188; Topeka limestone member, stations 179, 211; Severy shale member, station 212. Wabaunsee formation—upper limestone (Emporia?) station 226. 344 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Genus Productus Sowerby. The genus Productus is peculiarly characteristic of the Carboniferous. No other type has shown such great diversity of form and ornamentation combined with such close repetition of established structural characters. In the Carboniferous faunas of nearly every country the genus has accumulated such a number of species that some sort of reclassification is desirable if only from the standpoint of utility. Certain types more or less conspicuously Productoid have indeed been taken out and set up as distinct genera so that we have Marginifera, Tegulifera, Strophalosia, Aulosteges, and a few others, some of which have been on the border line between acceptance as genera and rejection as of subordinate rank. Yet under Productus itself a very large number of species still remain, vastly more than those that have been taken away. Various authors have sought relief in assembling these species into groups, using some well marked species as the center of each group, but the same groups were not recognized by different authors, nor were the groups given names such as could be employed in our binominal nomenclature. Thus, when a species of Productus was mentioned, one still had to be familiar with that particular species in order to have more than a very general conception of the appearance and character of the shell referred to. In a recent monographic study of the British Carboniferous Producti! Dr. Ivor Thomas has sought to establish a sub-division of the old genus Productus on lines differ- ing somewhat from those of other attempts. He makes only a few groups and bases them chiefly on external characters and their development, and he gives the groups generic names. In so far as these new groups are based on superficial rather than on structural characters it seems to me that they are perhaps a little less satisfactory than other brachiopod genera, though it is true that some other genera such as Composita, Cliothyridina, and Athyris are on much the same basis. The main point about Dr. Thomas's classification is how it will work. If the correct position of most species is not fairly obvious so that they are referred by different authors to different genera, the con- fusion arising will be worse than our present troubles. I propose in this place to try to distribute our American species of Productus among Dr. Thomas's generic units, but a failure to do so satisfactorily does not indicate the failure of his classification as judged by the test of practicability, for many assignments must necessarily be made on insuffi- cient data, the data of description and figures alone, or even descriptions alone, and sometimes poor descriptions and poor figures. ; In his classification of the Producti Dr. Thomas recognizes seven genera as follows: Productus Sowerby, 1814; Avonia gen. nov.; Pustula gen. noy.; Buxtonia gen. nov., Overtonia gen. nov., Proboscidella Oehlert, 1887; Etheridgina Oehlert, 1887. His classification is immediately framed, be it remembered, for British species and appar- © ently for only such species as have been included in the genus Productus. Some of these types either do not occur in the American faunas or have been recognized as representing distinct genera, so that only four of Dr. Thomas's groups are really concerned in a revision of our American Producti. -These with their generic diagnosesssummarized from Dr. Thomas's work are as follows: Productus: forms that are costate throughout all stages of growth; sporadic spines or even groups or rows of spines may appear on the costae? or intersections of costae and ribs (where the semireticulate feature is developed on the visceral part of the shell surface). Several phyletic series are probably present in this group representing distinct sub- sections. : , Avonia: forms which are spinose in the early stages but develop costae at a later period. 1Thomas, Ivor, Geol. Survey Great Britain, Memoirs, Paleontology, vol. 1, pt. 4, pp. 197-366, 1914. *After considering several terms Dr. Thomas decides to use ‘‘costae’’ for the longitudinal ridges, and “‘ribs’’ for the transverse ridges, where such occur. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 345 Pustula: forms which are essentially spinose in ornamentation. Buxtonia: forms characterized in the young and adult stages by a costate and spinose ornamentation, but in old age developing the spinosity alone. Overtonia, which is based on internal peculiarities of the brachial valve, may exist in our faunas but as internal structures are seldom seen and still more seldom figured, its presence must be left for future determination. The following list of American Producti, including a few from South and Central America, does not comprise all of the species that have been found, merely those that have been described as new or have been cited in such manner as to be included in bibliographies. Productus adairensis. - zequicostatus alternatus—Pustula alternata altonensis americanus arcuatus =Avonia acuata arkansanus = Avonia arkansana (possibly Pustula) arkansanus var. multiliratus=Avonia arkansana var. multilirata arseneaui=Productus ? arseneaui (diductor scars peculiar) auriculatus auriculispina batesianus biseriatus = Pustula biseriata ) blairi = Avonia blairi sf boliviensis us boonensis vs boonensis var. elevata oy borealis ce buchianus = Pustula buchiana a burlingtonensis “ calhounianus calhounianus var. kansasensis capacii—suggests the genus Marginifera carbonarius chandlessii cherokeensis = Productus inflatus clarkianus compressus confragosus cora cora var. mogoyoni coriformis = Productus pileiformis costatoides—suggests the genus Marginifer costatus curtirostris = Pustula (possibly Productella) curtirostris dawsoni dawsoni var. acadicus delawarii depressus dolorosus=Pustula (possibly Productella) dolorosa iy doubleti duplicostatus eucharis fentonensis fernglenensis 316 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Products fimbriatus=Pustula fimbriata a flexistria gallatinensis geniculatus giganteus gracilis gradatus granulosus = Pustula granulosa guadalupensis guadalupensis var. comancheanus hepar—probably invalid hildrethanus _ humboldti=Pustula humboldti inca incurvus indentatus indianensis = Pustula indianensis inflatus inflatus var. clydensis inflatus var. coloradoensis insinuatus ivesi levicosta latidorsatus = Pustula latidorsata latissimus leei leplayi leuchtenbergensis = Pustula leuchtenbergensis limbatus lineolatus longus magnicostatus magnus margaritaceus marginicinctus martini meekanus = Pustula meekana mesialis mesolobus = Pustula mesoloba mexicanus montpelierensis = Pustula montpelierensis moorefieldanus = Pustula moorefieldana moorefieldanus var. pusillus = Pustula moorefieldana var. pusilla morbillianus = Buxtonia (possibly Pustula) morbilliana multistriatus nebraskensis = Pustula nebraskensis nevadensis = Pustula nevadensis newberryi = Avonia newberryi newberryi var. annosus=Avonia newberryi var. annosa nodicostatus nodosus norwoodi = Pustula norwoodi occidentalis ovatus papilio DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. Productus parvicostatus a3 parviformis parvulus parvus pectinoides—probably invalid pertenuis peruvianus =Pustula peruviana phillipsi—suggests the genus Diaphragmus phosphaticus pileiformis pileolus = Pustula pileola pinniformis pocillum—probably invalid popei popei var. opimus portlockianus prouti punctatus = Pustula semipunctata pustulosus = Pustula pustulosa pyxidiformis = Pustula ? pyxidiformis raricostatus reticulatus rhomianus—suggests the genus Strophalosia rushvillensis sampsoni scabriculus = Buxtonia scabricula scitulus semireticulatus semireticulatus var. arcticus semireticulatus var. capitanensis semireticulatus var. hermosanus semireticulatus var. kansasensis semistriatus—possibly a new genus setiger setiger var. keokuk signatus=Pustula ? signata spinosus—probably invalid subhorridus=Pustula ? subhorrida subhorridus var. rugatulus = Pustula subhorrida var. rugatula subserratus—suggests the genus Marginifera subsulcatus = Pustula subsulcata subsulcatus var. janus =Pustula subsulcata var. janus swallowi=Pustula ? swallowi symmetricus = Pustula symmetrica tenuicostiformis tenuicosta texanus undifer verneuilianus = Pustula verneuiliana villiersi : viminalis—suggests the genus Productella vittatus = Pustula vittata waagenianus wallacianus = Pustula wallaciana walcottianus =Avonia ? walcottiana 347 348 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Products weyprechti # wilberanus = Pustula wilberana winchelli = Pustula winchelli wortheni “a “ The foregoing list contains the astonishing number of more than 150 species and varieties, most of which occur in the United States, though a few names are introduced from the Arctic region, from Canada, and from South America. Some synonyms have already been eliminated; a few others are suggested here and still others will doubtless be discovered as work progresses. It is to be doubted, however, whether new species will not be found much more rapidly than old ones are discarded as synonyms. It should also be remembered in considering the differentiation of this genus in the western hemisphere that the list does not include foreign species which have been merely cited without accompaniment of descriptions or figures. It will be seen from a scrutiny of the list that the great majority of species still remains under Productus ss. Pustula receives most of those removed in the present classification, namely: Pustula alternata ° ‘“~ biseriata buchiana curtirostris “2 dolorosa fimbriata granulosa humboldti indianensis latidorsata leuchtenburgensis meekana mesolobus montpelierensis moorefieldana “ a ~ ony) var. pusilla nebraskensis nevadensis norwoodi peruviana pileola semipunctata pustulosa pyxidiformis signata subhorrida subhorrida var. rugatula subsulcata subsulcata—var. janus swallowi symmetrica verneuiliana “ vittata “ wallaciana “ wilberana * winchelli ~wveustu ~ DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 349 Avonia receives: Avonia arcuata Avonia? arkansana Avonia? arkansana var. multilirata Avonia? blairi ‘* newberryi newberryi var. annosa ? walcottiana and Buxtonia receives: Buxtonia ? morbilliana 4 scabricula “ce On the basis of the genera introduced by Dr. Thomas, a possibly new genus will be found in Productus semistriatus which like Buxtonia has the early portion costate but the later portion not spinose but smooth. I would say again that the grouping offered here is preliminary. Some of the assignments will doubtless have to be changed when more is known of. the species or when our conception of the genera becomes more defined. Several species left under Productus ss. will probably be transferred to Avonia. According to my observations a number of species, Mississippian species especially, though regularly costate over most of their surface have the visceral region for a greater or less distance marked by discontinuous coste terminating in small spines. This character would apparently bring such species under the genus Avonia, but if the spinose region were very small, they would probably best be held under Productus. It is doubtful whether a sharp boundary can be drawn between these two genera. In Pustula Dr. Thomas seems to include not only shells that have numerous spines but shells that have only a few spines provided that they are not marked by radial cost. In his classification, based so largely, as it is, on sculptural features, he does not provide for species possessing cardinal or hinge teeth, and it may be presumed that his specimens do not show these structures. Indeed, he suggests that Productus sinuatus, which possesses an area and a delthyrium may form the nucleus of a new genus, and probably if Productella occurred in England he would have included it in his classification as a distinct genus. Many of our American Productellas would from their superficial characters belong in Dr. Thomas’s Pustula and since the determining characters of Productella are rarely shown and the status of many species is consequently uncer- tain, it is likely that some of the Mississippian types here placed with Pustula may prove to belong with Productella, and that some of the species at present cited under Productella and not considered here for that reason will prove to belong under Pustula. As yet no American shells can be referred definitely to Overtonia but some of the dubious Productellas, especially when their internal characters are studied more care- fully, may find place in that genus. One American species, Productella pyxidata, in some of its phases strikingly resembles Overtonia fimbriata, the type of Overtonia. So far as yet known the resemblance is only superficial. (Compare, however, Fig. 34 of Pl. 17, Geol. Survey of New York, Paleontology, vol. 8, pt. 1, 1891 which shows oblique brachial ridges comparable to those of O. fimbriata.) Genus Pustula Thomas. Pustula semtpunctata Say. Dr. Thomas has given an accurate description and figures of typical Productus (Pustula) punctatus as it occurs in the British faunas. If these are used as a starting point and if the same care is employed in discriminating species that was employed by Dr. Thomas, it becomes highly probable that the American form or forms so long known 350 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. as Productus punctatus can no longer be referred to the British species. Dr. Thomas himself mentions several differences (p. 309), as that the European species clearly differs in the bilobate character of the inner face of the cardinal process, and that White’s figure is quite distinct from Martin's form, both in general shape and ornamentation. “The concentric bands are more riblike and are each ornamented only by one row of spine bases, while the shell is more drawn out longitudinally.” White's figure is prob- ably inexact in showing but a single row of spines in each of the concentric bands, for all of the specimens that I have seen show several rows. The American forms, however, are characterized, many of them even more strongly than in White’s figure, by the elongated shape by which they are strikingly distinguished from typical Pustula punctata. If we conclude therefore, as seems necessary, that the American form or forms found in the Pennsylvanian (for the Mississippian shells may possibly belong to a still different species), are not identical with Pustula punctata as now limited, a new name must besought forthem. That first introduced is Productus semipunctatus Say, and although Say’s description and figure are extremely inadequate, there can be really little doubt of the form he intended to designate. If, however, more careful investigation proves that the Pennsylvanian faunas of the Mississippi Valley contain several species of this type, then indeed it would be difficult to say to Which the name Pustula semipunctata should apply. Horizon and locality: Cherokee shale, stations 266, 307a. Henrietta formation— Ft. Scott limestone member, station 707. Pleasanton formation, station 236a. Kansas City formation—Hertha limestone member, station 233; Drum limestone member, station 415; Iola limestone member, station 182. Lansing formation—Plattsburg limestone member, stations 185, 659; Stanton limestone member, stations 277, 290a. Douglas formation—Oread limestone member, stations 178, 273. Shawnee formation— Deer Creek limestone member, station 165; Topeka limestone member, station 200. Genus Marginifera Waagen. Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis n. var. Plate XXX, figures 2-2b, 3-3b, 4, 4a, 5, 5a. At certain localities in the Cherokee shale a small Productoid apparently belonging to the genus Marginifera occurs in great abundance. In its specific characters it re- sembles M. muricata but differs constantly in several ways so as to warrant recognizing it as a distinct variety. It is small and in shape subquadrate, marked by fine, regular costae which are crossed over the visceral region by fine, more or less strong and irregular transverse wrinkles. Numerous small spines spring from the cost and from the ears. From typical M. muricata this shell is distinguished by its small size and less trans- verse shape. The costz are finer and more regular and there is no trace of a sinus, a character sometimes faintly developed in the other species. On the contrary some ventral valves have the median part of the anterior prolongation raised into a sort of ill-defined fold, though I believe not as a constant feature. This variety resembles the Colorado shell described as M. ingrata in the fineness of its coste, but it has more numerous spines and a less transverse shape and it also lacks the sinus of M. ingrata. Although in my description of the latter species it is stated to be without a median sinus, both of the typical specimens show this feature in a slight degree though possibly as a result of compression. The present form suggests also Marginifera? nana but if the simultaneous bifurcation of the cost upon which Meek lays stress is a constant feature in that species, that constitutes a signal difference. Fur- thermore, I judge from Meek’s figure that M. ? nana has coarser coste. Horizon and locality: Cherokee shale, stations 1263 A3 (?), 1263 B4, 1263 Cl, 1263 C3, 1263 C3+. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 351 Genus Ambocoelia Hall. Ambocoelia lobata n. sp. Plate XXX, figures 1-1d. Shell rather large for the genus, sub-pentagonal in outline, transverse, widest just below the cardinal angles, which are rounded. The ventral valve is strongly convex, inflated in the median portion, abruptly de- scending to the sides which are, however, more or less projecting and lobate. A flatten- ing along the median line or a very faint sinus appears to be present. The beak is not as prominent and high as in some species of the genus. The cardinal area is narrow and rather poorly defined from the inflected sides. ; Dorsal valve very transverse, moderately convex, with a distinct median sinus toward the front and with two lateral sinuses which give this valve a four-lobed shape. The umbonal region is rather inflated for the genus with a small incurved beak. The two lateral sinuses cause the lateral outlines to be broadly reentrant and the median sinus joined with the faint sinus on the opposite valve produces a shallow, though abrupt, notch in the anterior outline, all adding to the peculiar lobate appearance of the shell. Surface smooth or covered by minute spines. If this is an Amboccelia the lobate configuration and the convexity of the dorsal valve distinguish it from our common Pennsylvanian species. Although I have but a single specimen, the differences are too marked for this to be merely an abnormal individual of A. planiconvexa. The generic position of this shell is in some doubt as it is not without suggestions of Squamularia. Its internal structures are unknown and I have referred it to Ambocoelia chiefly because of the surface which does not show the scars of relatively large spines regularly arranged in concentric rows, but instead, if not to all appearance entirely smooth, shows traces of very minute spines thickly set without any observable order. Horizon and locality: Shawnee formation—Lecompton limestone member, station 183. Genus Leda Schumacher. Leda arata Hall. Plate XXXI, figures 1-8. 1852. Nucula arata. Hall, Stansbury’s Expl. Surv. Gt. Salt Lake, Utah!, p. 413 pl. 2, figs. 5a, b. Carboniferous: Missouri River below Weston. 1899. Nuculana arata. Girty, U. S. Geol. Survey, Nineteenth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, p. 581. Upper Coal Measures: McAlester quadrangle, Atoka quadrangle, Okla. Though first described in 1852, this species has only once subsequently appeared in paleontologic literature. It is nevertheless extremely abundant at several localities in the Leavenworth quadrangle near the base of the Lawrence shale and I am inclined to think that it has sometimes been confused with the well-known Leda bellistriata. It is, however, distinguished by conspicuous differences from that species, or at least from the common acceptance of that species for, if critically considered, Leda bellistriata 10f this work there are several editions. The first appears to have been printed in Philadelphia in 1852 by order of the Senate; a second was printed in 1853 by the Public Printer in Washington, by order of the House of Representatives; a third was printed in Philadelphia in 1855 apparently as an independent venture All three editions are essentially identical. 352 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. can scarcely be said to be well and authentically established; it rests more on Hall’s work than on Stevens’s. Of the correct identification of the present specimens with L. arata there can hardly be a doubt. They come from essentially the same locality and horizon as Hall’s type and agree with his description. Hall’s type specimen was fragmentary and also much smaller than some of those which have come under my observation. His description runs as follows: “Nucula arata. Shell oval-ovate, rounded before, and gradually narrowing behind the beaks (posterior extremity broken off); beaks prominent, closely incurved; posterior lunule elongated and distinctly defined; surface marked by distinct (rather sharp where unworn) equal concentric ridges, scarcely so wide as the furrows between them. The ridges, when seen in a longitudinal direction, have an imbricated appearance.” The abundant material which I have been fortunate enough to obtain enables me to make certain additions to the characters set down by Hall. The species attains a large size for the genus, some specimens having a width of 34 millimeters. The convexity is high but many specimens contract rapidly behind, both in height and in thickness, giving the posterior extremity an attenuated, nasute appearance. The escutcheon is sharply defined and deeply depressed. This structure is itself beveled along the hinge by a rather large ligamental area which in most specimens is distinct and sharp- ly defined and in many is continued under the beaks, reappearing on the anterior side. Altogether this receptacle for the external ligament seems to occupy about half the hinge length. ; The sculpture is relatively coarse and consists of unsymmetrical ridges which have the short abrupt slope on the upper and the long gradual slope on the lower side. In some specimens the ridges are more or less irregular toward the posterior end where several may unite in one and they die down to mere growth lines near the shoulder that defines the escutcheon. My specimens show the internal characters very incompletely. I am unable to give the number of hinge teeth which they possess, the most important character ob- served being a definite and rather large chondrophore shown by both of the specimens which expose this portion of the hinge. Writing of L. bellistriata Stevens in 1858 (the year that saw the publication of the paper by Stevens who may have communicated specimens to Hall), Hall states that it differs from L. arata in having the beaks more abruptly elevated, the escutcheon less strongly marked and the concentric striz much finer. These differences hold when tested by my abundant material. In my experience L. bellistriata is usually a much smaller spe- cies than this but some authors, as for instance White, have figured specimens as large as the largest of mine and have identified them with L. bellistriata, a circumstance which makes me somewhat mistrust the identification. Aside from size the most striking difference between the two species is the much coarser sculpture of L. arata. Hall has also called attention to the less prominent umbones of the latter species which has at the same time a more sharply and deeply depressed as well as a flatter escutcheon. The specimens of L. bellistriata which I have recently figured from the Wewoka forma- tion of Oklahoma represent about the average in my experience and are only about half the size of large specimens of L. arata. Young specimens of the latter, comparable in size to mature L. bellistriata, are more transverse, with the beak slightly more posterior and the posterior extremity much more produced and also with the sculpture conspic- uously coarser. Horizon and locality: Henrietta formation—Pawnee limestone member, station 1266A2. Kansas City formation—Drum limestone member, station 429 (?). Lansing formation—Lane- shale member, stations 189, 657; Plattsburg limestone member, stations 296 (?), 682; Stanton limestone member, station 290a. Douglas formation— Lawrence shale member, stations 207, 208, 276a, 276b, 283, 298, 299, 300. iHall, James, Stansbury's expedition to the Great Salt Lake, 1852, p. 413. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 353 Genus Conocardium Bronn. Conocardium missouriensis n. sp. (P. V. Roundy Mss.) Plate XXVIII, figures 3-3c. Shell small; length but little greater than the height. Beaks small, projecting slightly above the hinge line and apparently anchylosed. Hiatus very wide and long. The valves contract more. rapidly on the posterior than on the anterior side of the umbonal ridge. The posterior margin forms practically a straight line from the end of the ridge to the hinge line, while anteriorly the line is slightly sinuous (convex below and concave above) to the (broken) alate portion. This naturally gives a much greater prominence to the anterior part of the shell than is usual in the Carboniferous members of this genus. The umbonal ridge itself is well defined and has six small nodes. These may be varices of growth or an inherent character of the species. They are somewhat irregularly spaced, which would suggest the former view, yet the absence of similar nodes or other prominent growth characters on the remainder of the shell would point to their being a specific character. Anterior to the ridge there are 8 strong, well-rounded ribs, with interspaces somewhat wider than the ribs. No evidence of concentric sculpture is visible on this part of the shell. The alate anterior end has been broken off so that it is not possible to determine the characters of this extremity. On the posterior side the sculpture consists of about 11 very fine, radiating costae, the interspaces increasing in width to the posterior end (there are two more costae on _ the left valve than on the right). The coste are crossed by somewhat finer and more closely arranged liree which extend to the front edge of the umbonal ridge. Twenty- five of these liree can be counted on each valve. They probably originally numbered about 30. Dimensions: height 5.5 millimeters; greatest length 6 millimeters. This species more closely resembles the Mississippian species C. prattenianum than any of the described Pennsylvanian forms. It differs in having a larger part of the shell anterior to the umbonal ridge and in having a greater number of ribs on this part. The ribs on the posterior part of the shell are not as strong as in C. prattenianum, while the lira crossing them are but little weaker than the ribs themselves and show no traces of extending over onto the anterior part as in the latter species. This description is based upon a single specimen. Horizon and locality: Kansas City formation—Drum limestone member, station 429. Genus Lima Bruguiere. Lima gregaria Meek and Worthen. 1870. Monotis? gregaria. Meek and Worthen, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc., p- 38. Coal Measures: Jacksonville, Ill. 1873. Monotis? gregaria. Meek and Worthen, Geol. Survey Illinois, Rept. vol. 5, p. 573, pl. 26, fig. 5. Coal Measures: Jacksonville, Il. 1895. Monotis? gregaria. Keyes, Missouri Geol. Survey, Rept. vol. 5, p. 114. (Date’ of imprint 1894.) Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City, Mo. Shell small, subovate. Valves with a rather strong obliquity, presumably back- ward. Hinge length rather more than half the greatest width. Outline straight above on the posterior side and directed obliquely backward, very full and rounding outward on the anterior side. Convexity high, the posterior side planate and strongly descend- ing, the anterior descent broader and more arching. G—23 354 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Surface marked by elevated radial lines which are separated by relatively wide flattened interspaces and are more or less irregularly distributed, occurring sometimes singly, sometimes in groups of 2, 3, or 4. They cease abruptly toward the posterior side, the flattened posterior slope being entirely without them. Toward the anterior side they die down gradually and the anterior half of the shell may be nearly smooth or marked wholly or in part by radii which are very obscure, or at least less distinct than the median ones. On this account the present species, if correctly placed with the Limidae, may probably be included in the sub-genus Plagiostoma. Lima gregaria occurs at station 1254 B-1 where it is associated with Cardiomorpha missouriensis, with abundant Goniatites (chiefly, however, in larval stages), and with a few other forms, constituting a fauna not elsewhere found in the collection. I have also obtained what is almost certainly the same species from a horizon that is supposed to be approximately the same at Fort Scott, Kansas, in black shaly beds above the ce- ment rock. I feel little doubt that this is the species described by Meek and Worthen as Mono- tis? gregaria. Their specimens were flattened in shale and more or less distorted and they did not show the high convexity which is found in some of the present specimens preserved in a limestone matrix. Although referring this form provisionally to Monotis, Meek and Worthen suggested that it might possibly be a true Lima, in which genus, partly on account of the high convexity and other features in the configuration, I have thought best to place it. The chief objection to this reference seems to lie in the tenuity of the shell, a character which influenced Meek and Worthen in assigning it to Monotis. Horizon and locality: Cherokee shale—Mulky coal horizon, station 435 (?)._ Hen- rietta formation—Ft. Scott limestone member, stations 666, 1266 A 1. Genus Astartella Hall. Astartella compacta n. sp. Plate XXVIII, figures 4, 4a, 5, 5a. Shell small, transverse, subquadrate. Extreme width 34 to 4/5 the height. Hinge line straight, about two-thirds of the entire width, parallel to the basal outline. The latter rounds upward about equally at either end. At the front an inflection of the shell produces an emargination below the beak and causes the anterior extremity to have a pointed shape. On the posterior side the outline above the well-rounded posterior- inferior angle is nearly straight and it meets the hinge in a distinct angle of somewhat more than 90°. The convexity is rather high, the beaks large and incurved. The surface is marked by numerous regular, closely arranged, concentric lamelle. The generic characters of this species have not been observed and the generic refer- ence is based upon a number of minor points of configuration, the pointed anterior ex- tremity with a more or less sharply defined lunule above, the distinct posterior cardinal angle, and the somewhat upturned cardinal line. Although the shape and closely arranged sculpture are not without suggestions of Edmondia the characters mentioned indicate rather clearly, without however proving the point, that the generic relations are with Astartella. A. compacta is distinguished from all the American species known to me by the close arrangement of the concentric lamellz and it is distinguished from most of them also by its compact form which is unusually high for the width and which does not contract posteriorly. : Horizon and locality: Cherokee formation, stations 435, 1268A2. (Se) Or DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. Genus Pleurotomaria Sowerby. Pleurotomaria? persimplex n. sp. Plate XXXII, figures 1-1d, 2, 2a. Shell small, subdiscoidal, composed of 4 or 5 volutions; height nearly twice the width; spire low; volutions somewhat transverse in section, regularly rounded; sutures depressed; umbilicus small and shallow. Band rather broad, peripheral, on a level with the general curvature and consequently somewhat obscure, but defined by delicate depressed lines and by the curvature of the incremental striz. The surface is without revolving ornamentation, and entirely smooth save for obscure growth lines, which pass somewhat obliquely across the shell with a strong and fairly abrupt reentrant angle at the band. The general direction of the growth lines and the profile of the aperture is obliquely backward from the suture down, or obliquely forward from the umbilicus up, with the exception that the lower part of the outer lip has for a short distance from its contact with the preceding volution a backward instead of a forward direction. It then turns rather sharply forward as above described, thus producing a slight sinus. These shells might carelessly be referred to several species from which they are really quite different. One of these is Anomphalus rotulus, but besides certain specific characters such as the higher spire, the more deeply incised sutures, etc., P.? persimplex is at once distinguished by the presence of an unmistakable slit band. Rather similar also is Pleurotomaria? valvatiformis as shown by Meek and Worthen’s figures, but the resemblance diminishes with the recognition of the fact that the present form is four times as large and clearly lacks the revolving liree which mark, though obscurely, the other species. I know of no other species in our Carboniferous rocks which is really closely allied to P.? persimplex. In fact, it seems not improbable that this will form a nucleus of a new genus when the Pleurotomarias are classified, the distinguishing characters being the smooth surface and the small though distinct sinus on the posterior side of the aperture. Horizon and locality: Cherokee shale, station 1268A2. Genus Murchisonia D’Archiac and De Verneuil. Murchisonia missouriensis n. sp. Plate XXX, figures 6, 6a. Shell in the shape of a flat-based cone, elongate, tapering, consisting of about 13 volutions. Length 14 mm., diameter 6 mm. The lateral and basal surfaces of the volutions are nearly plane, especially the lateral surface,and make an angle between them of somewhat more than 90°. The angle which they would thus form, however, is truncated by two strong carina, the upper rather more prominent than the lower, and ‘the intervening groove wider than either. The lateral surface of the volution is divided into three nearly equal zones by a pair of elevated revolving lines between which, rather than between the carinz, the slit band appears to lie. A faint revolving lira also is developed upon the basal surface some distance from the carina. The volutions overlap up to the lower carina and usually with such precision that this carina is not apparent except on the last volution. Lines of growth are almost in- visible. This species resembles Goniospira lasallensis. It is, however, a more rapidly expand- ing shell and is also smaller when composed of the same number of volutions. Further- more, the slit band is situated on the lateral surface instead of between the two edges of the carina, as it is in G. Jasallensis, which has no revolving lines on the lateral surface. Somewhat similar differences of sculpture distinguish M. missouriensis also from M. archimedea which is a larger and more rapidly expanding species. Horizon and locality: Cherokee shale, station 1268 A2. 356 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Genus Goniospira n. gen. Of this genus Murchisonia lasallensis is taken as the type. The shape is long, slen- der, and many-whorled, 17 or 18 volutions being found in the type species. The volutions are more or less rhombic in section with a submedian carina, both above and below which the shell is flattened. The sutures are strongly reentrant and the shell as whole has a screw-like appearance. The slit band is situated on the periphery just below the angular carina, which forms its upper boundary. The character of the slit is not certain but it appears to be deep, about 4 of a volution in length. As determined by the lines of growth the aperture slopes forward from the slit on both the upper and lower surfaces, gently forward above the slit and strongly forward below it. The surface is almost smooth aside from growth lines of varying strength. The shell above the carina is devoid of spiral markings in the type species, but a pair of revolving ridges is developed about midway on the lower surface which simulate a slit band. The axis is solid. An inner lip is apparently present, the deposit continuing out on to the columellar portion of the outer lip which appears thickened and as if re- flexed. This type is clearly distinct from Murchisonia as based on M. coronata, nor is it a typical Pleurotomaria. It resembles Whitfield’s genus Lophospira more than any with which I am acquainted. From Lophospira, however, it differs in having a long slit(?) instead of a mere notch, in having a solid columella and in other characters. A small number of Pennsylvanian species resemble G. Jasallensis in a general way so closely as to suggest that they belong to the same genus, but they differ in important details. Murchisonia archimedea, a less slender species than M. lasallensis, may belong in Goniospira, but it is described as so to leave in doubt the position of the slit band and other significant characters. Murchisonia buttersi, a species much more nearly like G. lasallensis in shape, has revolving lire, cost transverse to the volutions, and a slit band situated on the periphery instead of just below it. Furthermore, the band is marked by revolving lire and by nodes. These differences appear to me to be generic and the name Helicospira is suggested for this species. Murchisonia collingsworthensis has a shape more like M. archimedea and the band is not peripheral but situated on the upper surface. M. gouldii is somewhat comparable to G. Jasallensis in shape but the slit band lies well above the carina and the surface is marked by revolving lire. Very similar in a general way is M. terebra, but M. terebra is marked by revolving lines and has the carina nodulose. The position of the band is not given. M. terebra appears to be especially related to H. butterst. Goniospira lasallensis Worthen. Plate XXX, figures 7, 8, 8a. 1890. Murchisonia lasallensis. Worthen, Geol. Survey Illinois, Rept., vol. 8, p. 141, pl. 25, figs. 7, 7a. Upper Coal Measures: Lasalle, Ill. 1903. Worthenia? lasallensis? Girty, U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 16, p. 457. Hermosa formation: San Juan region, Colo. This species is rather abundant in several collections and though my fossils almost certainly belong to Worthen’s species, they show his description to be at fault in several particulars. The size attained is greater than that indicated by his figures, some specimens having a diameter of 10 mm. in the largest volution. My large specimens are incomplete at the apical end and my small ones incomplete by growth or by breakage at the apertural end. Some of the small specimens look as if they might belong to a small slender variety of the large ones. Nevertheless, when one of the small fragments representing the apical half is placed above one of the large fragments representing the apertural half, no discrepancy is apparent between the rate of increase of either the DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 357 spire or of the volutions. The smaller specimen has a length of 11 mm. and a diameter at the base of 4144 mm. It consists of 12 volutions. The larger fragment has a diam- eter below of 10 mm. (where it is still incomplete), a length of 20 mm., and it contains 5 volutions. -If the measurements of these two specimens may be combined, a fairly large specimen would consist of 16 or 17 volutions, and it would have a length of 31 mm. with a diameter at the aperture of 10 mm. Worthen states that on the last volution there is a flattened band below the carina which is bounded below by a slight elevation and that this feature does not extend to the other volutions. These statements are incorrect in several particulars, for the site of the slit-band is the carina itself and the structure which Worthen mistakenly identifies as the slit band does extend to the other volutions. The carina is in fact accom- panied by a somewhat smaller but still rather prominent ridge and between the two is the real locus of the slit band. The second ridge is situated below the carina than which it is not only smaller but also, springing from the inward-sloping surface, less prom- inent. Worthen apparently overlooked the duplicate character of the carina and mis- took for the slit band the similar pair of ridges that are situated half way, or rather more than half way down the lower side of the volution. Like the carina and its fellow the upper ridge of the second pair is larger and more prominent than the lower but the false slit band is rather narrower than the true one. As to the identification of the slit band and its position on the periphery there can be no doubt. My specimens show the growth lines (which are rather strong and fasciculate) traversing the upper side of the volution, straight, or very slightly sigmoidal, and with a gentle backward obliquity from the suture to the carina, near which they are strongly inflexed. Below the carina the growth lines, strong here as above it, are distinctly curved, convex toward the aperture and strongly oblique from the carina forward. They cross the pair of ridges that lie midway on the lower surface without deflection and terminate at the ridge just below the carina with a backward swing. The deeply concave surface between this ridge and the carina is marked by lunate growth lines concave toward the aperture. Furthermore, one specimen which retains the aperture in fairly complete condition seems actually to show the slit at this position. It is deep and extends backward about 4 of a volution. This, however, is somewhat doubtful as the present condition may be due or partly due to breakage. By Worthen’s statement that the false slit band does not extend to the higher volu- tion one must of course understand him to mean that it is concealed on them, but even this is not entirely true. Normally, I believe, the suture is aligned with precision so as to fall on the upper of the two revolving ridges that comprise this structure. In some specimens, however, the alignment is not so precise and the upper ridge, together with more or less of the sulcus below it, are exposed. It may be that on some specimens both ridges are visible but I have not observed this. There is some inconsistency in my observations on the character of the aperture. That the shell has a solid axis there can be no doubt. Some specimens indicate the presence of an inner lip, others do not. Those that show this structure at all show the lower part of the outer lip to be thickened as if by a doubling back of the shell on itself. I suspect that there was an inner lip of which this duplication of the shell is a continua- tion and that the deposit may sometimes be thin as upon those specimens upon which it now seems to be absent, or that it may be developed only within the aperture or may in some way have been obscured. Horizon and locality: Lansing formation—Lane shale member, stations 189, 657; Plattsburg limestone member, station 682; Stanton limestone member, station 290a. Douglas formation—Lawrence shale member, stations 205, 208, 276b, 283, 298, 299, 300. 358 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Genus Naticopsis Me Coy. Naticopsis nana Meek and Worthen. 1860. Platyostoma nana. Meek and Worthen, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., p. 463. (Whole volume dated 1861.) Upper Coal Measures; Springfield, III. 1861. Naticopsis nana. Meek and Worthen, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., * p. 148. (Whole volume dated 1862.) 1866. Naticopsis nana. Meek and Worthen, Geol. Surv. Illinois, Rept., vol. 2, p. 365, pl. 31, figs. 4a, b. Upper Coal Measures: Springfield, Ill. 1875. Naticopsis nana. White, U. S. Geog. Surv. W. 100th Mer., Rept., vol. 4, pt. 1, p. 159, pl. 12, figs. 4a, b. (Whole volume published in 1877.) Carboniferous: Camp Cottonwood, near Spring Mountain, Lincoln County, Nev. 1884. Naticopsis nana. White, Dept. Geol. Nat. Hist. Indiana, 13th Rept., pt. 2, p- 162, pl. 36, figs. 6, 7. Middle and Upper Coal Measures: Indiana. 1888. Naticopsis nana. Herrick, Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., Bull. vol. 4, pl. 11, fig. 8. Coal Measures: Fultonham, Ohio. 1891. Naticopsis nana. Keyes, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc., p. 257 (Whole volume dated 1892). Lower Coal Measures: Des Moines, Iowa. 1895. Strophostylus nana. Keyes, Missouri Geol. Survey, Rept., vol. 5, p. 196. (Date of imprint, 1894.) Upper Coal Measures: Clinton and Kansas City, Mo. 1896. Naticopsis nana. Smith, Am. Phil. Soc., Proc., vol. 35, p. 250. Upper Coal Measures: Sebastian County, Ark. 1897. Naticopsis nana. Smith, Leland Stanford Junior Univ. Pub., Cont. Biol. Hopkins Seaside Lab., No. 9, p. 40. (Printed also with same date and pagina- tion, but with a different cover and title page as a reprint of the Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. which in fact both are.) Upper Coal Measures: Sebastian County, Ark. 1903. Strophostylus cf. nanus. Girty, Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 16, p. 462. Carboniferous: Glenwood Springs, Colo. There are certain small shells in the collections which, though so differently shaped and ornamented, appear to be only young specimens of Naticopsis altonensis, but they might readily be mistaken for N. nana or a kindred form. They have, however, a higher spire and somewhat differently shaped volutions. I have one specimen never- theless from the same collection which appears to be a true example of N. nana, for it has a lower spire and more flat-topped and compressed volutions. It is rather smaller than Meek and Worthen’s type specimen but not greatly so. Horizon and locality: Cherokee shale, station 1268A2. Douglas formation— Weston shale member, station 301; Oread limestone member, station 219 (?). Naticopsis scintilla n. sp. Plate X XIX, figures 3-3c. Shell very small, composed of 2 or 3 rapidly expanding volutions; greatest length somewhat in excess of the greatest width. Spire rising but little above the last volution which is much elongated and strongly oblique. This volution is somewhat depressed or broadly sulcate on the upper surface just below the suture, which gives the shell DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 359 to some extent the shape of WN. alionensis and its allies. It probably belongs to the altonensis group, but those species when as small as this are very different. The surface is marked by fine strie of growth and by somewhat stronger strize at regular intervals. The umbilicus is closed and a distinct callosity is developed. In its small size this speciey suggests Naticopsis (or Strophostylus) nana. It is, how- ever, not only much smaller but the volutions are differently shaped being much more elongated in section and having the broad sulcus just below the suture. As regards its size two other specimens from the same locality are no larger than the type, so that this must be considered a mature form. Horizon and locality: WKansas City formation—Drum limestone member, station 429. : Genus Naticella Munster. Naticella americana n. sp. - Plate XXXII, figures 3-3c. Shell small, subglobose, comprising 4 or 5 rapidly enlarging volutions. Greatest width slightly exceeding the greatest height. Volutions regularly and strongly rounded. Sutures deeply incised. Surface marked by thin prominent coste, regularly arranged at moderately wide intervals, in the deep grooves between which occur more or less irregular and unequal growth lines. The only American species inviting comparison with this is Naticella transversa from the Permian Red Beds. The present species is clearly distinct being larger, more high-spired, and somewhat more coarsely costate. My specimens indicate, though they do not show clearly, that the early stages of Trachydomia wheelerit bear a strong resem- blance to this species, the superficial nodes which are characteristic of Trachydomia arising by interuptions in the transverse ridges that are developed in the immature stage. When of the same size, however, 7. wheeleri appears to have had its peculiar, or at all events a different sculpture, so that I feel fairly confident that the present is a distinct species. The resemblance, nevertheless, raises a question of generic position, which I am at present unable to settle. Horizon and locality: Cherokee shale, station 1268 A2. Genus Zygopleura Koken. Zygopleura affinis n. sp. Plate XXXII, figures 6-6b. The best specimen of this form is 8 mm. long and 3 mm. in diameter and consists of about 11 volutions. The whorlsare somewhat flat-sided with the lower portion more strongly rounded so that the sutures, though distinct, are not deep. The plications are strong, about 15 in number on the largest whorl and they extend from suture to su- ture ending rather abruptly at the peripheral line, the lower portion of the final whorl being smooth. This species is most nearly allied to Z. plicata but differs in several respects. The shape is not so slender nor the size so large, the specimen described having about 11 volutions at a length of 8 mm. while the type of Z. plicata has the same number of volutions at a length of 19 mm. The plications also appear to be more numerous for the size of the shell though actually my example has the same number which is given by Whitfield for his much larger specimen. Similar differences are shown when this form is compared with an associated specimen which has been identified as Z. plicata instead of with Whitfield’s description and figures. Horizon and locality: Cherokee shale, station 1268 A2. 360 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Zygopleura nana n. sp. Plate XXXII, figures 5-5a. Shell small, conical, one mm. in diameter and rather less than 3 millimeters long, composed of 6 or 7 volutions. Volutions rather high, flattened at the sides and abruptly rounding below, embracing so far as to leave but a shallow suture and give the shell as a whole a smooth conical shape. The rate of increase in the size of the whorls is greater, however, in the younger than in the older stages which renders the shape somewhat fusi- form. The aperture is small, oval. The axis is solid. The sides are marked by rather large, rather strong, longitudinal plications, about 14 to a volution. This species is most closely allied to Z. rugosa and perhaps it might be considered only a dwarfed variety of it, especially as most of the associated species are small. Aside, however, from being only one-third as large, though composed of the same number of.volutions, the volutions are relatively higher with flatter sides and shallower sutures and the plications are less numerous. Horizon and locality: Kansas City formation—Drum limestone member, station 429. Zygopleura nodosa n. sp. Plate XXXII, figures 10, 11, lla Shell large, turreted, composed of about 7 volutions. A large fragmentary specimen has the final whorl 18 mm. in width and it must have had a length of 45 mm. or more. The volutions are rhombic in outline. The surface above the periphery is somewhat con- cave, that below the periphery gently convex, the two meeting in an angle somewhat greater than 90 degrees. The periphery is strongly rounded and marked by a row of oblique, elongated nodes or pilae, of which about 17 occur on one of the larger volutions. They end rather abruptly at the peripheral line and die down more gradually above, be- ing traceable about one-third the distance to the suture. Above and below the nodose zone the surface appears to be smooth, the growth lines which were probably present at one time having been lost. The nodes are somewhat elongated and somewhat oblique, the upper end being posterior to the lower. They are separated by grooves of about their own width. It is probably due to this band of prominences that the shell appears concave below the suture. The axial portion of the outer lip is apparently reflexed so as to form a slender columella but the reflexed lip is narrow and bounded by a sulcus. This shell is probably a Zygopleura but is quite distinct from other species in the American Carboniferous, not only by reason of its larger size but by reason of the deep suture and the limitation of the plications to the peripheral region so that they appear more like nodes than elongated costae. No other species is comparable to this in size except Z. plena which, however, is larger, while the flattened side and deeper suture to- gether with the shorter, larger plications distinguish Z. nodosa not only from Z. cara but from all other American species yet described. Horizon and locality: Shawnee formation—Calhoun shale, station 206. Zygopleura teres n. sp. Plate XXXII, figures 4, 4a. Shell small, tapering, composed of 7 or 8 volutions. Length 314 millimeters, diameter 114 millimeters. The volutions are short with rather flat sides, strongly rounded below. They embrace so far as to leave a distinct though not deep suture, and the outline is therefore nearly smooth. The immature volutions increase in size more rapidly than the mature ones, so that the apical portion tends to be conical and the lower portion cylindrical, and a somewhat fusiform shape is produced. The aperture is small, oval. The axis is solid. The surface is marked by fine incremental lines parallel to the axis, which are gathered at regular intervals into fascicles or obscure plications, DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 361 The foregoing description is based upon the typical specimen. A second specimen is at hand indicating a considerably larger size (2 millimeters in diameter), but it is frag- mentary and I am not sure that it belongs to the same species. Z. teres is distinguished by its minute size, its fusiform shape, its slightly indented sutures, and its obscure corrugations. In one or all of these particulars it differs from other American species so that more detailed comparisons are not necessary. Indeed, the species is somewhat doubtfully referred to Zygopleura at all and would perhaps better be placed under Pseudomelania. It resembles Z. nana, but is less distinctly cor- rugated. This is not well shown in the figures; the shading which in this species suggests corrugations, appears in fact to represent color markings. Horizon and locality: Kansas City formation—Drum limestone member, station 429. Subgenus Hemizyga n. subgen. In a peculiar phase of the fauna of the Cherokee shale there occurs a group of species which can not be included under Zygopleura without unwarrantably enlarging the scope of that genus, yet whose relationship to the Zygopleuras associated with them is so obvious that it seems doubtful whether they consititute an entirely distinct and independent genus. They pass, in brief, through a Zygopleura stage that comprises the major portion of the sheil. At a certain stage which occurs earlier in some forms and later in others, the characteristic longitudinal ridges of Zygopleura subside into growth lines of which the ridges may be considered fascicles, and a series of revolving striz is introduced, a feature which is quite alien to true Zygopleura. In one species an intermediate con- dition exists, the coarse plications of typical Zygopleura giving place to much finer markings such as are also found in forms referred to Zygopleura, but these in turn are succeeded by the final stage in which the revolving striz are developed. In one particular the statements made above involve an inference rather than a direct observation, for since the revolving lire are confined to the lower moiety of the volution, which is fully exposed only in the final whorl, it can not be positively asserted that they are a late development rather than a continuous feature of the individual. That it is a late, pos- sibly a gerontic, character seems probable from the close resemblance of the early stages to Zygopleura, in which such markings are not found, and from the modified condition of the Zygopleura characters in the final volution, on which alone these spiral strize have actually been observed. There may be some question whether these shells should not be referred to the Trias- sic genera Heterocosmia or Acrocosmia. One well marked and important difference from Heterocosmia is the fact that in the latter the revolving striz cover the entire shell instead of being confined as here to the later volutions and to the lower portion of those. Acrocosmia differs in having a very brief instead of a very long Zygopleura stage and in having the volutions flat-sided and flat-bottomed instead of rounded. It seems probable that the forms which in a recent paper Miss Mark doubtfully referred to the genus Aclisina (A.? cancellata, A.? costata, and A.? ornaia) may find place in this group. Hemizyga dubia n. sp. Plate XXXII, figures 9-9b. Shell small, conical, composed of 9 or 10 volutions. Length 10 mm., diameter of the final volution 4.5mm. Volutions transverse in cross section with well rounded sides and somewhat flattened base. Sutures deep. Surface marked as in Zygopleura by strong, regular plications, transverse to the volutions but longitudinal to the shell as a whole. The plications in this species are of equal size throughout, though tending on the last half whorl to become indistinct or obsolete. There are about 42 of these on the last volution where they are distinct enough to be readily counted. On this volution there are also traces of obscure revolv- ing cost, coarse and distinct on the sides, fine and indistinct underneath. 362 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. The spiral markings in this species, of which but a single specimen has been obtained, are not perhaps distinct and regular enough to remove them definitely from the cate- gory of the accidental. If this form is a Zygopleura, the shallow, well-rounded volutions and the fine costz will serve to distinguish it from associated species, of which Z. multi- costata is perhaps the nearest. In some respects this species resembles Aclisina? cancellata Mark, but it is a much larger shell and the plications are oblique in the opposite direction. Horizon and locality: Cherokee shale, station 1268 A2. Hemizyga elegans n. sp. Plate XXXII, figures 7-7b. Shell small, conical, consisting of 8 volutions; length 7.5 mm., diameter 4 mm. Volutions rather rapidly expanding, elongated in cross section and somewhat flattened above so that the peripheral line is below the center. Suture fairly deep. The surface is marked in the young stages by strong plications longitudinal to the shell as a whole, which are replaced on the last turn and a half by much finer, though sharp and regular, lire having a similar direction. These are less distinct on the lower part of the last volution where, instead, the surface is crossed by a large number of more or less wavy, unequal, crowded, revolving lirze of which traces can be detected on some of the foregoing volutions, though the volutions embrace up to about the line where the revolving lirze cease so that they would be for the most part concealed. Horizon and locality: Cherokee shale, station 1268A2. Hemizyga grandicostata n. sp. Plate XXXII, figures 8-8b. Shell small, conical, composed of 7 or 8 volutions. Height 9.5 mm., diameter of last whorl 4.5 mm. Volutions rather strongly and regularly rounded. Suture deep. Surface marked by strong plications which on the last whorl become somewhat finer and distinctly fainter, subsiding and disintegrating into rather strong growth lines on the lower half, where they are crossed by numerous fine distinct revolving lire, which are stronger and more conspicuous than the transverse markings. This species is distinguished from H. elegans most obviously by its much coarser plications. It isa more rapidly expanding shell than H. dubia and with more dis- tinct revolving lira. Horizon and locality: Cherokee shale, station 1268A2. Genus Bulimorpha Whitfield. Bulimorpha minuta Stevens. Plate X XIX, figures 4-4b. 1858. Loxonema minuta. Stevens, Am. Jour. Sci., sec. ser., vol. 25, p. 260. Coal Measures: Sangamon County, and Danville, Ill. 21913. Bulimorpha minuta. Mark, Geol. Surv., Ohio, Bull. 17, fourth ser., p. 317, pl. 16, fig. 15. (Date of imprint, 1912.) Portersville limestone: Portersville, Ohio. Entirely apart from questions of nomenclature, a subject which is itself consider- ably involved, it will probably always be difficult to refer specimens to the genera Soleniscus, Spherodoma, Bulimorpha, etc., because the only characters upon which reliance can be placed are not very striking, nor are they shown in the usual conditions of preservation. Associated with naticoid and loxonematoid forms in the interesting gastropod facies of the Cherokee fauna, there occur a number of small fusiform shells which probably are better referred to Bulimorpha than to Soleniscus or Spherodoma, since they show no indication of folds on the axis. As in most gastropod groups where specific distinc- DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 363 tions have to be made on differences in shape, often of no very great degree, and where the specimens are apt to be incomplete at the apex or at the aperture, I have found it far easier to select certain well marked types and identify them, than to assign the in- termediate or less perfect specimens. Thus in the collection to which these remarks chiefly apply one specimen closely resembles Bulimorpha chrysalis and is referred to that species with such confidence as is possible without the advantage of comparison with authentic or typical examples. Another specimen agrees nicely with B. inornata, if indeed Meek and Worthen’s species may be placed in the genus Bulimorpha. Another type is represented by some small, elongate shells, tapering almost equally at both ends. They are more slender than B. chrysalis and are considerably smaller, though composed of an equal or even greater number of volutions. The specific identification of this type is not easy. It is not as far removed taxo- nomically as it is geologically from the Mississippian species B. bulimiformis. Though the largest specimens included here are distinctly larger, this form appears to be quite similar to Stevens’ poorly described and unfigured Loxonema minuta in so far as it is possible to arrive at an idea of that species from the characters given. Possibly a fourth form is found in some specimens (when imperfect not always readily separated from the group last mentioned) whose distinguishing characteristic is, however, the shorter final whorl and the correspondingly higher spire. Provisionally, however, these have been included under B. inornata, although the most characteristic specimen of the latter is much larger. Stevens’ characterization of Loxonema minuta, unaccompanied as it is by figures, has proved so inadequate that different authors have referred to it quite different types of shells. From his known care asa worker, from his opportunities as a contemporary of Stevens, and from the source of his material which was Danville, Ill., the same as that of typical L. minuta, Meek may be supposed to have identified this species correctly in 1873, yet his figures show a form differently proportioned in several respects. Stevens does not mention the shoulder or angulation which produces a horizontal platform just below the suture, a feature distinctly shown by Meek’s figures, and he gives the length of B. minuta as exactly four times the height whereas Meek’s figure shows it to be 2.4 times. Meek’s shell was apparently a different and less slender species. Keyes though discussing B. minuta no less than three times, does not figure it nor fully describe it; apparently he based his identification on Meek’s and was dealing with the same species. Meek referred Loxonema minuta to Acteonina, Keyes to Bulimorpha, but as Meek’s form (and probably Keyes’) possesses the angulation below the suture which characterizes the genus Macrochilina (if, indeed, that feature is an important character), I prefer to cite it under Macrochilina, and as it seems to be distinct from typical Loxonema minuta, I propose to call it Macrochilina? danvillensis. Miss Mark has recently used the name Bulimorpha minuta (Stevens) for a minute shell from Ohio. As shown by her figures, however, this is different alike from typical Loxonema minuta and from the form figured by Meek. It is even more gibbous than Meek’s species, the height being only about 1.8 times the diameter (instead of 4 times as in the typical specimen); it lacks the angulation of Meek’s species, and it is much smaller than either. My own attempt to recognize Stevens’ species has more to commend it than either of those mentioned. My form is well nigh as slender as is demanded by Stevens’ descrip- tion, and agrees with it in most other particulars. The specimen which I figure, however, is larger than that on which Stevens based his description and there are other still larger specimens referred to the same species. Horizon and locality: Cherokee shale, station 1268 A2. Kansas City formation— Drum limestone member, station 429. Douglas formation—Iatan limestone member, station 289. 364 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Genus Gonioloboceras Hyatt. Gontoloboceras parrisht Muller and Gurley? 1894. Goniatites sp.2 Keyes, Missouri Geol. Survey, Rept., vol. 5, pl. 56, fig. 1. Upper Coal Measures: Missouri. 1896. Goniatites parrisht. Miller and Gurley, IllinoisState Mus. Nat. Hist., Bull. No. 11, p. 36, pl. 4, figs. 6-8. ¥ Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City, Mo. 1900. Milleroceras parrisht. Hyatt, in Zittel’s Textbook of Paleontology, American Ed., Cephalopoda, p. 550. ‘ 1903. Milleroceras parrishi. Smith, U. S. Geol. Survey, Mon. 42, p. 127, pl. 16, figs. 6-8. Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City, Mo. The fine black limestone at station 1254 B is crowded with Goniatites, most of them evidently very immature (since they have a diameter of only 1 or 2 millimeters or less). A few, however, are larger and of more nearly mature growth. Two quite distinct types are represented by these specimens and there may be others. One type has a strongly evolute growth and has been identified with considerable confidence as Gas- trioceras welleri: the other, which is highly involute, is less perfectly known and is re- ferred, though not with any certainty, to Milleroceras parrishi. This reference is entirely on the strength of a certain external resemblance, for the suture and consequently the generic position are unknown. Horizon and locality: Henrietta formation—Ft. Scott limestone member, station 1254 B. Genus Gastrioceras Hyatt. Gastrioceras wellert Smith. 1903. Gastrioceras welleri. Smith, U. S. Geol. Survey, Mon. 42, p. 98, pl. 24, figs. 13-20. Des Moines formation: Carroll County, Mo. It is probable that the specimens here under consideration belong to the species named above, but if so they must be regarded as only half-grown individuals, save for a fragment which indicates an original size about equal to that of the types. Aside from this, a few specimens have a diameter of 11 millimeters or less, while a great number of very small shells have a diameter of 1 millimeter more or less, and probably represent the earliest stages of the same species. The larger specimens (11 millimeters in diameter) consist of 6 or 7 gradually enlarging, very evolute whorls which are trans- versely elongated in cross section and rather flat on the venter which is, however, more highly arched in the last whorl. The umbilicus is broad and deep. The surface on the internal mold is marked by rather fine, faint, regular, transverse strie. A part of the shell is preserved on the large fragment mentioned above and shows regular, trans- verse imbrications. None of my specimens shows the suture. Horizon and locality: Cherokee shale, station 1263C1. Henrietta formation— Ft. Scott limestone member, station 1254B. Register of Localities. 162. West center sec. 16, T. 61, R. 29. Up branch 144 mile west of Little Sampson Creek, Cherryvale shale member of Kansas City formation. 163. On road, southeast corner sec. 30, T. 52, R. 31. From shale below Broadhead’s 108. Upper part of Lane shale member of Lansing formation. 164. Same as 217, at the point between Turkey Creek and the Kaw, at Kansas City, Mo. Cherryvale shale member of Kansas City formation. “ ee Re eh 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. igAls 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 365 Broadhead’s 186. East central part of sec. 30, T. 59, R. 37, on high point between creek and Missouri River bottom. Deer Creek limestone member of Shawnee formation. On west side of creek near east side of sec. 5, T. 58, R. 29. South of township line. Northern extension of Iola limestone member of Kansas City formation. N.W. 144 N.W. i sec. 29, T.62, R. 26, where road crosses branch. Top of Cherry- vale shale member of Kansas City formation. Quarry on creek north of Burlington R. R., just east of Caldwell-DeKalb line. Limestone in Chanute shale member of Kansas City formation. Broadhead’s 150. In extreme northeast corner sec. 29, T. 59, R.36. Main ledge of Oread limestone member of Douglas formation. Quarry in bluff, between two creeks, east side of sec. 27, T. 59, R. 36. Broad- head’s 152. Stringer above main ledge of Oread limestone member of Douglas formation. Onroad west of creek, sec. 7, T. 51, R. 32. Below Broadhead’s 100. Lane shale member of Lansing formation. Broadhead’s 91. Second cut south of Elmira. Chanute shale member of Kansas City formation, just above Cement City limestone bed. On the east side of Milwaukee R.R. South of trestle in N.E. portion of sec. 3, T. 54, R.29. Raytown limestone bed, in Chanute shale member of Kansas City formation. One mile north of Liberty in cut on Milwaukee R.R. Cement City limestone bed (?), in Chanute shale member of Kansas City formation. In ravine north of station 209. Henrietta formation (upper part). In creek northwest of cross roads see) T. 52, R. 32. Broadhead’s 95. Chanute shale member of Kansas City formation, between Raytown and Cement City limestone beds. ; Broadhead’s 150. Inravine on north side Burlington R. R. on line 3, T. 59, R. 35. Main ledge of Oread limestone member of Douglas formation. Broadhead’s 150. Near center of Atwood and Newell’s quarry at Amazonia. Main ledge of Oread limestone member of Douglas formation. One hundred feet northwest of bridge over Kinsey Creek, in extreme southern part of sec. 18, T. 60, R. 38. In shale between Broadhead’s 197 and 199? Topeka limestone member of Shawnee formation. Thirty-six to forty feet above Deer Creek limestone at the big quarry below Curzon. Topeka limestone member of Shawnee formation. Quarry in Broadhead’s 150. East of center of sec. 19, T. 58, R. 35. On Mis- souri River bluffs. Main ledge of Oread limestone member of Douglas formation. Same as station 168. Iola limestone member of Kansas City formation. In bed of creek, north central part of sec. 11, T. 59, R. 37. Upper layer of Lecompton limestone member of Shawnee formation. Extreme northwest corner of sec. 7, T. 55, R. 36. In Broadhead’s 143? South bank of Rushville Creek. Lower part of Oread limestone member of Douglas formation. In ravine on east side of sec. 2, T. 51, R. 35. Broadhead’s 108 at foot of bluff. Plattsburg limestone member of Lansing formation. S.W. 14 S.E. 14 sec. 20, T. 59, R. 29, Broadhead’s No. 111. Shale below main ledge of Stanton limestone member of Lansing formation. West of Stahl, south side of Job’s Branch, just above mouth. Summit coal, 25 feet below top of Cherokee shale. Just east of line 23|24, T. 59, R.38. On Missouri River bluffs. Limestone lens in Calhoun shale member of Shawnee formation. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Road east of creek. East part of sec. 6, T. 51, R.32. Upper part of Lane shale member of Lansing formation. Broadhead’s No. 92, on Milwaukee R. R. one mile south of Bement, Clay County. Chanute shale member of Kansas City formation, between Raytown and Cement City limestone beds. Big quarry below Curzon. Broadhead’s limestone 186. Deer Creek limestone member of Shawnee formation. West side of sec. 6, T. 59, R.15. Near old railroad grade of lowa and St. L. R. R. Cherokee shale, 30-40 feet below top Mulky or Summit coal horizon. East side Rush Creek, 114 miles north of Liberty, west of Milwaukee R. R. Shale above Broadhead’s No. 85d. Cherryvale member of Kansas City formation. Quarry on west side of Burlington R. R., 1144 miles north of Liberty. Shale above 85a. Cherryvale shale member of Kansas City formation. Broadhead’s 90: South of road, east of creek, in sec. 4, T. 51, R. 32. Cement City limestone bed in Chanute shale member of Kansas City formation. Same as 166. Iola limestone member of Kansas City formation. Quarry at Forest City. Shale between layers of Broadhead’s 192. Calhoun shale member of Shawnee formation. On Burlington railroad, 3 miles south of Quitman. Topeka limestone member of Shawnee formation. : 2 Same as 198. Broadhead’s 209. Topeka limestone member of Shawnee formation. Broadhead’s 197-199. Same as 197. Topeka limestone member of Shawnee formation. Quarry west of Trenton, Mo. Bethany Falls limestone member of Kansas City formation. Road side just west of house of J. M. Davis near southeast corner of sec. 28, T. 58, R. 24. Limestone (probably equivalent to Altamont limestone in Kan- sas). Pleasanton formation. Cap rock in Powersville coal mine. Henrietta formation, probably in the Fort Scott limestone member. East side of Grand River, 200 yards north of south line of sec. 21, T. 58, R. 24. Pawnee limestone member of Henrietta formation. Shaly limestone near base of Lawrence shale member of Douglas formation, 10-15 feet above Broadhead’s No. 121. Missouri River bluff 1 mile northeast Kenmoor, Buchanan County. S.W. 4 N.W. \ sec. 9, T. 59, R. 37. Broadhead’s 192, above bridge. Lime- stone lens in Calhoun shale member of Shawnee formation. Gully in N.W. 14 sec. 33, T. 36, R. 54, where road leads up to house. Near base of Lawrence shale member of Douglas formation. Shaly limestone near base of Lawrence shale member of Douglas formation, 10-15 feet above Broadhead’s No. 121. Missouri River bluffs at shale pit of Phoenix Brick Co., St. Joseph, Mo. At 81.3 mile post on Q. O. & K. C. R. R., east of Stahl. Summit coal, 25 feet below top of Cherokee shale. On south side of Little Otter Creek, 100 paces east of road on line between secs. 19 and 20, T. 57, R. 27. Cherryvale shale member of Kansas City formation. Broadhead’s 209. South of railroad bridge over Nodaway River in N.W. 4 sec. 16, T. 63, R. 37. Topeka limestone member of Shawnee formation. Between river and railroad track in N.W. 4 sec. 9, T. 64, R. 37. Top of Severy shale member of Shawnee formation, just under Howard limestone member. Broadhead’s limestone 137. South side of gully in north-central part of S.W. Y sec. 30, T. 56, R. 36. Amazonia limestone bed, in Lawrence shale member of Douglas formation. 222, 223. 224, 225. 226, 227. 228, 229, 230. 231, 232. 233. 234, 235. 236. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 367 Broadhead’s No. 150. On point of hill, sec. 20, T, 54, R. 36. Main ledge of Oread limestone member of Douglas formation. Iola limestone member of Kansas City formation, along Cliff Drive at Kansas City, Mo. First cut west of Gee Creek on C. R. I. and P. R. R. between Hickory Creek and Jamesport. Cherryvale shale member of Kansas City formation. Quindaro, Kansas. Broadhead’s 85-c. Cherryvale shale member of Kansas City formation, just above base. Tarkio limestone member of Wabaunsee formation. McKissick’s Grove, Fremont County, Iowa. In quarry in Broadhead’s 150. N.E. 14 sec. 36, T. 59, R. 36. Main ledge of Oread limestone member of Douglas formation. Same as 218. Cap rock of Nyman coal, 25 feet above Tarkio member of Wab- aunsee formation. Shale pit at Nebraska City, Neb. Limestone layer in shale in Wabaunsee formation. In gully in saddle between 2 outliers of Broadhead’s 186 on bluff of Missouri valley near line between secs. 30 and 29, T.59, R.37. Upper layer of Lecomp- ton limestone member of Shawnee formation. Broadhead’s 209 in ravine trending southeast in N.E. 144 N.W. 4% sec. 24, T. 59, R. 38. Toepka limestone member of Shawnee formation. Broadhead’s 160-166. South-central part of sec. 19, T. 59, R. 35, in excavation on divide. Lecompton limestone member of Shawnee formation. Same as 178. From Broadhead’s 146 (upper part). Shale between lower and middle limestones of Oread limestone member of Douglas formation. Shale pit at Nebraska City, Neb. Limestone in Wabaunsee formation. Broadhead’s 160-166. In center of N.W. 14 sec. 25, T. 59, R. 36. Lecompton limestone member of Shawnee formation. Near center of sec. 32, T. 60, R.38. Severy shale member of Shawnee formation, just below Howard limestone member. Upper part of Broadhead’s 186 in hollow near center N.E. 14 sec. 23, T. 59, R. 38. Deer Creek limestone member of Shawnee formation. Shaft of John Keynon. N.W. 144 N.W. 4% sec. 8, T. 53, R. 21. Bevier coal, about 100 feet below top of Cherokee shale. In old strip pit, 34 mile south of north line of sec. 5. East side of section where road turns east. T. 39, R. 33. Pleasanton formation, in shale that corre- sponds to Bandera shale of Kansas. Locust Creek, sec: 7, T. 61, R. 20, Sullivan County. Fort Scott limestone mem- ber of Henrietta formation. Broadhead’s 74. Railroad cut southeast. part Milan, Sullivan Co. Hertha limestone member of Kansas City formation. Railroad cut on Santa Fe just west of bridge over Mussel Fork. Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation. Southwest corner of sec. 33, T. 40, R. 33. West side of road, south side of creek. Pawnee limestone member of Henrietta formation. Strip pit north of road in sec. 33, T. 40, R. 33. Pleasanton formation, in shale that corresponds to Bandera shale of Kansas. 236a. Same as 236. Pleasanton formation, in shale that corresponds to Bandera shale 237. 238. 239. of Kansas. In strip pit, southeast corner sec. 8, T. 40, R. 31. Pleasanton formation, in limestone that corresponds to Altamont limestone of Kansas. T. 60, R. 21 where line between secs. 23 and 26 crosses creek. Bevier sump rock in east bank of creek. Cherokee shale, 100 feet below top. Strip pit in northeast corner sec. 25, T. 40, R. 29. Lower limestone of Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation. 368 258. 259. 260. 261. 262. 263. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. In mound northwest of Monteith Junction. Upper limestone of Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation. Limestone in road setae T. 46, R. 24, south of Knobnoster. Cherokee shale, upper part. S.E. 4 sec. 13, T. 38, R. 32, in bed of creek crossing road. Cherokee shale, about 75 fet below Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation. Old cut, S.E. 14 N.E. 4 sec. 34, T. 39, R. 32. Lower limestone of Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation. In road, in middle of sec. 12, T. 57, R. 19. Near west side of section. Con- cretions in shale over Mulky coal. Cherokee shale, 35-40 feet below top, Mulky coal horizon. N.E. 4 S.W. sec. 31, T. 58, R. 22. Bank Medicine Creek, Collier’s Mill. Hore “Scott ee member of Henrietta formation. Gully in south-central BATE sec. 7, T. 61, R. 20, Pleasanton formation. Railroad cut in N.W. 4 sec. 22, T. 44, R. 24. Shale just above lower limestone of Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation. S.E. 14 sec. 5, T. 39, R. 33, west of schoolhouse. Top of Labette shale member of Henrietta formation. Shale above ‘‘10-in. cap’’ of Mystic coal, at bridge east of Youngstown. S.W. corner sec. 19, T. 62, R. 16. Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation. Quarry southeast part of Milan. Bethany Falls limestone member of Kansas City formation. Strip pit north of road in S.E. } N.W. } sec. 33, T.42, R. 28. Upper surface of lower limestone of Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation. South bank of north fork of Blackwater. West side sec. 12, T. 47, R. 28. Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation. East side small branch, east side of main creek on road x, T. 39, R. 33. Pawnee limestone member of Henrietta formation. “Diamond Rock,” near center of west line of sec. 26, T. 39, R. 32. In old cut. Cherokee shale, 70 feet more or less below top. South of Rich Hill, Mo. Horizon just above Rich Hill thick coal. Cherokee shale, 150 feet more or less below top. 5a. South of Rich Hill, Mo. From horizon just above thick coal. Cherokee shale, 150 feet more or less below top. Mendota, Mo. Cap rock of Mystic-Mendota coal. Mine No. 9. Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation. Near Carey strip pit, 114 miles east of Harrisburg, Mo. Cherokee shale, near Bevier coal horizon. On Chariton River, northest of Keytesville. From rocks associated with coal mined at Dooley and Cooley mines. Cherokee shale, near Bevier coal sump rock. Cap rock of Mystic bed. Dump of Big Jim mine, Seymour, Iowa. Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation. N.E. 14 N.E. sec. 10, T.52, R.21. Two milessoutheast of Miami, Mo. From rocks above thin coal formerly mined. Cherokee shale, near local base. Dump of Trenton Mining Co. Cherokee shale, about 100 feet below top. Lower Ardmore coal horizon. Weston Coal & Mining Company's south mine, 4 miles south of Lexington, Mo. From the “Sulphur” immediately underlying the Lexington coal bed, in the Cherokee shale. One mile west of Novinger, Mo. In railroad cut, 10 feet above track. In light drab shale that lies under 1 foot of slate that is 45+ feet below the Mystic. Stahl coal. Cherokee shale, Summit coal. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. 272. 273. 274. 275. 276. 276a. 276b. 277. 278. 279. 279a. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 369 Swanwick mine, Swanwick, Ray Co., Mo. From dump. Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation. N.E. 4 sec. 33, T. 40, R. 33. Near Amoret, Bates Co., Mo. Pleasanton forma- tion from shale, just above Mulberry coal, material corresponds to Bandera shale of Kansas. One mile southwest of Hams Prairie, Callaway Co., Mo. Cherokee shale, at local base. One half mile east of Pickel sandstone quarry, northeast of Warrensburg, Mo. Cherokee shale, Mulky coal?, 80 feet from top of Cherokee. Two miles north of Knobnoster, Mo. Cherokee shale, impure limestone above Bevier coal. Gooding strip pit, 114 miles north of Hinton, Boone Co., Mo. Cherokee shale, in slate and “cap rock”’ of Mulky coal bed. Silver Creek, due west of Hallsville, Mo. Cherokee shale, in cap rock of Mulky coal bed. Leavenworth quadrangle, Leavenworth, Kansas. Cherokee shale, from above coal mined by Home-Riverside Coal Company, the Bevier coal. Leavenworth quadrangle, N.E. corner sec. 19, T. 54, R. 36. Upper limestone of Oread limestone member of Douglas formation. Leavenworth quadrangle, upper limestone of Oread limestone member of Douglas formation, in quarry northwest corner sec. 27, T. 8 S., R. 22 E. One mile northwest of Leavenworth. Leavenworth quadrangle. West side of Owl Creek in road in sec. 35, T. 54, R. 35. JIatan limestone member of Douglas formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. Platte River bridge, sec. 34, T. 52, R. 35. Lane shale member of Lansing formation, just below Farley limestone bed. Leavenworth quadrangle. Same as 276a. lJatan limestone member of Douglas formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. Bluff 14 mile north of depot at Weston, Mo. Near base of Lawrence shale member of Douglas formation. Same as 276a. Near base of Lawrence shale member of Douglas formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. Southwest corner sec. 15, T. 53, R. 35. Top of Stanton limestone member of Lansing formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. Wagon road south of Iatan. Near base of Law- rence shale member of Douglas formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. Cut in sec. 19, T. 53, R. 35. Upper limestone of Stanton limestone member of Lansing formation. Same as 279. Leavenworth quadrangle. Lower limestone of Stanton lime- stone member of Lansing formation. 280. Leavenworth quadrangle. N.E. 44 N.W. ¥ sec. 11, T. 51, R. 35. Plattsburg 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. limestone member of Lansing formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. Southwest corner sec. 2, T. 53, R. 36, in quarry in Iatan limestone member of Douglas formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. N.E. 44 N.W. \ sec. 16, T. 52, R. 35. Near base of Lawrence shale member of Douglas formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. Near base of Lawrence shale member of Douglas formation near Leavenworth. ; Leavenworth quadrangle. Northeast corner sec. 13, T. 54, R. 36, 114 miles north of Iatan. Upper limestone of Oread limestone member of Douglas formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. East bank of Platte River, near river bridge in sec. 34, T. 52, R. 35. From Broadhead’s No. 100. Middle of Lane shale member of Lansing formation, in the Farley limestone bed. G—24 303. 305. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. 5a. Leavenworth quadrangle. East bank of Platte River near river bridge in sec. 23, T. 52, R. 35. From Broadhead’s 100. Middle of Lane shale member of Lansing formation in the Farley limestone bed. Leavenworth quadrangle. Clay pit at Kansas State Penitentiary, Lansing, Kansas. Lane shale member of Lansing formation above Farley limestone bed. c Leavenworth quadrangle. Coal mine at Kansas State Penitentiary, Lansing, Kansas. Cherokee shale, 85 feet * below top, near Bevier coal. Leavenworth quadrangle. Southeast corner sec. 12, T. 54, R. 36, 144 miles north of Iatan. Lecompton limestone member of Shawnee formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. N.W. 14 sec. 29, T. 54, R. 36. Missouri River bluffs 34 mile south of Iatan. Iatan limestone member of Douglas formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. Kansas State Penitentiary quarry, Lansing, Kansas. S.W. 14 N.E. \ sec. 19, T. 9 S., R. 23 E. Main ledge of upper limestone of Stanton limestone member of Lansing formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. Kansas State Penitentiary quarry, Lansing, Kan- sas. S.W. 14 N.E. 4 sec. 19, T..9 S., R. 23 E. Lower limestone of Stanton limestone member of Lansing formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. Hillside, northeast corner sec. 27, T. 8 S., R. 22 E. Lower limestone of Oread limestone member of Douglas. formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. Roadside on Government Hill, N.W. 4 sec. 22, T. 8S., R. 22 E. Middle of Oread limestone member of Douglas formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. Roadside on Government Hill in N.W. 4 sec. 22, 8 S., R. 22 E. Lower Oread limestone member of Douglas formation. Leavenworth quadrangle, at Fort Bridge at Fort Leavenworth. Iatan limestone member of Douglas formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. Seven-mile Creek, 34 mile above mouth, Lansing, Kansas. S.W. 4 S.W. 14 sec. 18, T. 9 S., R. 23 E. Plattsburg limestone member of Lansing formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. Nine-mile Creek, near mouth. N.W. 4 N.W. 4 sec. 20, T. 9 S., R. 23 E., Lansing, Kansas. Plattsburg limestone member of Lansing formation. Leavenworth quadrangle, pit of Leavenworth Vitrified Brick Co. N.W. 44 S.E. VY sec. 1, T. 9 S., R. 22 E. Weston shale member of Douglas formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. Bluff of Missouri River, just north of Weston, Mo. Lower part of Lawrence shale member of Douglas formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. Northwest corner of sec. 33, T. 54, R. 36. Missouri River bluffs, 2 miles south of Iatan. Lawrence shale member of Douglas formation, near base. Leavenworth quadrangle. Along bluff road, 14 to 44 mile north of Iatan. Lower part of Lawrence shale member of Douglas formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. At Fort Bridge, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Upper part of Weston shale member of Douglas formation, just below Iatan limestone member. Leavenworth quadrangle. Southwest corner sec. 24, T. 54, R. 35. Jatan lime- stone member of Douglas formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. Roadside on Government Hill, N. W. 14 sec. 22, T.8S., R. 22 E. Shale immediately below middle limestone of Oread lime- stone member of Douglas formation. ; Leavenworth quadrangle, N.E. 14 S.W. 14 sec. 24, T. 54, R. 35. Tatan limestone member of Douglas formation. Leavenworth quadrangle. Old brick shale pit, N.W. 14 N.E. 4 sec. 19, T. 9 S., R. 23 E., Lansing, Kansas. Lower limestone of Stanton limestone member of Lansing formation. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 371 306. Leavenworth quadrangle. Same as 279, Stanton limestone member of Lansing formation, in shale on lower side of lower ledge. 307. Three miles southwest of Wellsville, Montgomery Co., Mo. Cherokee shale, Mulky cap rock. 307a. Wellsville, Mo. 114 miles south of town. . Small quarry 14 mile southwest (?) of Whitehead mine. Mostly top of limestone and shaly beds next above, in Cherokee shale, above Mulky cap rock. 307b. Wellsville, Mo., 1-114 miles south of town. Various small outcrops in vicinity of Whitehead mine. Shaly beds above main limestone, in Cherokee shale, above Mulky cap rock. 308. Trenton, Mo. East of bridge at south side of town, on north bluff of river. Pawnee limestone member of Henrietta formation. 309. Roadside, just south of Chariton River in S.E. 4 sec. 35, T. 53, R.17. Chero- kee shale, Bevier sump rock. 310. Woodland Mill, Linn Co., Mo. Sec. 14, T. 57, R. 21. Labette shale member of Henrietta formation. 310a. Sameas310. Southernmost limestone. Pawnee limestone member of Henrietta formation. 413. Kansas City, Mo. West bluff. S.E. 4% sec. 7, T. 49, R. 33. Chanute shale member of Kansas City formation. 414, Kansas City, Mo. Quarry near Brook St. and Benton Place. ‘‘Calico ledge” (Raytown limestone bed), in Chanute shale member of Kansas City formation. 415. Kansas City, Mo. S.E. 4 sec. 6, T. 49, R. 33. West Bluff. Drum limestone member of Kansas City formation. 416. Kansas City, Mo. N.E. 4 sec. 9, T. 49, R. 33, “Building ledge’ (Cement City limestone bed), in Chanute shale member of Kansas City formation. 417. Kansas City, Mo., 12th St. and W. Bluff, sec. 6, T. 49, R. 33. ‘“‘Calico ledge” (Raytown limestone bed), in Chanute shale member of Kansas City forma- tion. 418. Kansas City, Mo. From a nodule in the shale at the top of the Chanute shale member of the Kansas City formation. Quarry on West Bluff just above the Turkey Creek pumping station. 419. Kansas City, Mo. S.W. 4 sec. 7, T. 49, R. 33. Top of Bethany Falls limestone member of Kansas City formation. 420. Kansas City, Mo. Penn Valley Park. Broadhead’s limestone No. 100. Farley limestone bed, in Lane shale member of Lansing formation. 421. Kansas City, Mo. N.W. \ sec. 7, T. 49, R. 33. Bottom of Iola limestone member of Kansas City formation. 422. Kansas City, Mo. Corner Belleview & Kansas Boulevards, sec. 18, T. 49, R. 33. Raytown limestone bed, in Chanute shale member of Kansas City for- mation. 423. Kansas City, Mo. Kansas City Southern Ry., east of Zoo, in Swope Park. Broadhead’s limestone 74. Hertha limestone member of Kansas City for- mation. 424. Kansas City, Mo. Sec. 18, T. 49, R.33, corner of Madison and 29th St. Cement City limestone bed, in Chanute shale member of Kansas City formation. 425. Kansas City, Mo. N.W. 4 sec. 7, T. 49, R. 33. Chanute shale member of Kansas City formation, in Raytown limestone bed and overlying shale at top of Chanute member. 426. Kansas City, Mo. S.E. 14 sec. 29, T. 49, R. 33. Broadhead’s 85a. Winterset limestone member of Kansas City formation. 429. Kansas City, Mo., 6th and Bluff streets, odlite bed. Drum limestone member of Kansas City formation. 429a. Same as 429. Kansas City formation, in heavy limestone above the odlite. Chanute shale member; may be Iola limestone member. 646. 647. 657. 658. 659. 660. 661. 662. 663. 664. 665. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Chillicothe, Mo. Livingston Co. Pleasanton formation near base, probably above the unconformity. Vandalia, Mo. Limestone about 8-12 feet above the lowest coal. Cherokee shale, limestone over Mulky coal. Kansas City quadrangle. Corner Prospect Ave., and Swope Parkway, Kansas City, Mo. Cherryvale shale member of Kansas City fornfation, 12 feet above Winterset limestone member. Sperry Quarry at Bethany, Mo. Winterset limestone member of Kansas City formation. 21% miles east of Gilman City, Mo. Winterset limestone member of Kansas City formation. Green City quadrangle. Sec. 32, T.65, R. 17. Pleasanton formation (above unconformity ?). Green City quadrangle. Sec. 19, T.64 N., R. 18 W. Pleasanton formation near base. (Near unconformity). Queen City quadrangle. In black shale at “‘slate ford,’’ S.W. 4 S.W. \% sec. 22, T. 65, R. 16. Cherokee shale, Bevier coal horizon. Leavenworth quadrangle. On first hill east of Platte City, Mo. Base of Iatan limestone member of Douglas formation. Smithville quadrangle. Northwest corner sec. 7, T. 52, R. 31, 4 miles southeast of Platte City, Mo. Base of Iatan limestone member of Douglas forma- tion. Leavenworth-Smithville quadrangle. Northwest corner of sec. 7, T. 52, R. 31. Four miles southeast Platte City, Mo. Nodule in Weston shale member of Douglas formation. Green City quadrangle. Sec. 19, T. 64, R. 18. Pleasanton formation near base. Green City quadrangle. Sec. 19, T. 64, R. 18, Pleasanton formation near base. Green City quadrangle. Sec. 5, T. 64, R. 18. Pleasanton formation near base. Smithville quadrangle. Sec. 22, T. 53, R. 33. Just west of Smithville. From lowest layer of Raytown limestone bed in Chanute shale member of Kansas City formation. Smithville quadrangle. Sec. 28, T. 53, R. 33, about 14% miles southwest of: Smithville. Farley limestone bed, in Lane shale member of Lansing forma- tion. Smithville quadrangle. Where road crosses creek in N.E. 4 sec. 32, T. 54, R. 33. Farley limestone bed, in Lane shale member of Lansing formation. Smithville quadrangle. N.E. 14 sec. 33, T. 54, R. 33. Plattsburg limestone member of Lansing formation. Cunningham stripping in Fort Scott coal cap rock, N.E. 4 N.W. 4% sec. 15, T. 46, R. 27. Lower Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation. Green City quadrangle. Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation and Cherokee shale above Lexington (Mystic) coal, N.E. 4S.E.% sec. 11, TeGo; Rol; Green City quadrangle. N.E. 144 S. E. sec. 11, T.65, R. 17. Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation. Smithville quadrangle. Sec. 19, T. 54, R. 33. Farley limestone bed in Lane shale member of Lansing formation. Green City quadrangle. S.W. 14 N.W. \ sec. 32, T. 65, R. 17. Pleasanton for- mation (above unconformity?), from black slaty shale under Chariton con- glomerate. ' Green City quadrangle. N.E. 14 S.W. 4 sec. 31, T. 65, R.17. Pleasanton for- mation, near base (northern Missouri, above unconformity). 666. 667. 668. 669. 670. 671. 672. 673. 674. 675. 676. 677. 678. 679. 680. 681. 682. 683. 684. 685. 686. 687. 688. 689. 690. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 373 Green City quadrangle. N.W. 44 N.W. 4 sec. 5, T. 64, R. 17, at roadside. Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation. Green City quadrangle. S.E. 14 N.W. 4 sec. 32, T.65, R.17. Fort Scott lime- stone member of Henrietta formation. Green City quadrangle. South bank of Spring Creek, S.E. 14 N.W. 4 sec. 31, T. 64, R. 17. Cherokee shale, Summit coal horizon. Green City quadrangle. East side of branch in S.E. 144 S.W. 14 sec. 27, T. 64, R. 18. Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation. (Mystic coal cap rock). South part of Novinger, Mo. Cherokee shale, limestone below Summit coal horizon. Green City quadrangle. Branch on line S.W. 14| S.E. 14 sec. 34, T. 64, R. 18, on side of hollow. Pleasanton formation (near base). Green City quadrangle. West side of hollow S.E. 144 S. W.1% sec. 19, T. 64, R. 18. Pleasanton formation (near base). Green City quadrangle. Limestone in Pleasanton formation (near base), about 20 feet above Pawnee limestone member of Henrietta formation. Green City quadrangle. S.E. 144 N.E. 14 sec. 28, T. 64, R. 18. Fort Scott limestone member of Henrietta formation. Green City quadrangle. N.E. 14 N.W. 4 sec. 22, T. 64, R. 18, west side North Spring Creek. Pleasanton formation, near base. : Smithville quadrangle. Road in N.E. 44 N.W. 4 sec. 20, T. 53, R.32. Bottom layer of Iola limestone member of Kansas City formation. Smithville quadrangle. Road in N.E.14N.E. 4 sec. 18, 7.53, R.32. Farley limestone bed, in Lane shale member of Lansing formation. Smithville quadrangle. In branch N.E. 14 N.E. 4 sec. 26, T. 53, R. 33. Lower layer of Iola limestone member of Kansas City formation. Smithville quadrangle. In branch N.E. 4 N.E. \ sec. 26, T. 53, R. 33. Iola limestone member of Kansas City formation, in second layer from bottom. Smithville quadrangle. South part of Smithville, S.-W. 144 S.W. ¥% sec. 23, T. 53, R. 33. Plattsburg limestone member of Lansing formation. Smithville quadrangle. Bed of creek, S.E. 14 S.E. 4 sec. 22, T. 53, R. 33. Chanute shale member of Kansas City formation. Smithville quadrangle. S.W. 14 N.W. 4 sec. 8, T. 51, R. 32, at roadside. From Broadhead’s 107. Plattsburg limestone member of Lansing formation. Smithville quadrangle. S.E. 14 N.E. 4 sec. 8, T. 51, R. 32, Broadhead’s 96 (“Calico ledge’’). Raytown limestone bed, in Chanute shale member of Kansas City formation. Smithville quadrangle. Bed of creek N.W. 4 sec. 36, T. 53, R. 33. Iola lime- stone member of Kansas City formation. Smithville quadrangle. Roadside S.E. 14 S.E. 4 sec. 12, T. 54, R. 33. Platts- burg limestone member of Lansing formation. Smithville quadrangle. Bank of Smith’s Fork, Platte River, near line between secs. 19 and 30, T. 54, R. 32. Farley limestone bed in Lane shale member of Lansing formation. Smithville quadrangle. N.E. 144 N.W. 4 sec. 4, T. 53, R. 32. Plattsburg limestone member of Lansing formation. Smithville quadrangle. River bank S.E. 4 S.E. 4 sec. 19, T. 54, R.32. Farley limestone bed, in Lane shale member of Lansing formation. Smithville quadrangle. Railroad cut on line z T. 53, R. 34. Vilas shale member of Lansing formation. Smithville quadrangle. Bed of creek S.E. 14 S.E. 4 sec. 10, T. 52, R. 34. Broadhead’s No. 115. Upper layer of Stanton limestone member of Lansing formation. . 374 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. 691. Smithville quadrangle. Bed of creek, S.E. 44 S.E. 44 sec. 10, T. 52, R. 34 Broadhead’s No. 115. Upper layer of Stanton limestone member of Lansing formation. 692. Smithville quadrangle. Bed of creek, S.E. 144 S.E. 4 sec. 10, T. 52, R. 34 Broadhead’s No. 115. Upper layer of Stanton limestone member of Lansing formation. . 707. Woodland Mills, N.E. 14 sec. 14, T. 57, R. 21, 4 miles southwest of Laclede, Mo. Probably Henrietta formation. 708. Round Mound, sec. 16, T. 33, R. 32, 34 mile northwest of Verdella, Barton Co., Mo. Rock over coal bed. Cherokee shale, about 80 feet from top. 1254. Higginsville, Lafayette Co., Mo. Fort Scott limestone member (?) of Henrietta formation. 1254B. 3 miles southeast of Higginsville, Lafayette Co., Mo., on road in S.E. 4 N.W. V4 sec. 15, T. 49, R. 25, Fort Scott limestone member (?) of Henrietta for- mation. 1255A2 Higginsville, Lafayette Co., Mo., Rocky Branch, 214 miles west of town. Cherokee shale, near Summit coal (?). 1255A, Same as 1255As but just above it stratigraphically. Black shale graduating above into thin limestone. Cherokee shale, near Summit coal (?). 1255B; Higginsville, Lafayette Co., Mo. Hard yellow concretionary limestone in branch at roadside in N. E. 14 S.W. 4 sec. 7, T. 49, R. 26. Pawnee limestone mem- ber of Henrietta formation. 1256A; Higginsville, Lafayette Co., Mo. Soft limestone west side of road 4 miles south of Dover. Cherokee shale, probably near Macon City coal. 1256B Higginsville, Lafayette Co., Mo. East side of road 4 miles south of Dover. Cherokee shale, in cap rock over Macon City coal. 1256B, Higginsville, Lafayette Co., Mo., east side of road 4 miles south of Dover. Coal slates, Cherokee shale, in cap rock over Macon City coal. 1260A, Odessa, Lafayette Co., Mo. Blackwater Creek, 714 miles south of Odessa. Black argillaceous shale, few fossils. Cherokee shale, near top, probably Summit coal horizon. 1260A3 Same locality as 1260A;, but just above it stratigraphically. Light gray heavy limestone, 16 inches thick. Cherokee shale, near top, probably Summit coal horizon. 1260A, Same as foregoing, but 20 feet above it stratigraphically. Cherokee shale, near top, probably Summit coal horizon. 1263A; Clinton, Henry Co., Mo., at Jackson’s mill on Grand River. Cherokee shale, not far above base. 1263A, Same locality as 1263A3 and just above it stratigraphically, Cherokee shale, not far above basé. 1263B, Clinton, Henry Co., Mo. Gilkerson Ford Bridge on Grand River, south of Clinton. Four feet of irregularly bedded sandstone, and limestone nodules. Cherokee shale, not far above base. 1263C; Clinton, Henry Co., Mo. old Jordan coal bank, center sec. 25, T. 41, R. 26. Yellow sandy shale 40 feet above top of Boone as seen in shaft. Cherokee _ shale, not far above base. 1263C; Same as 1263C,, but 3 feet higher in the section. Cherokee shale, not far above base. 1263C;+ Same locality. Cherokee shale, not far above base. 1263C, Same locality as 1263C;, but 3 feet higher in the section. 3 feet blue gray shales. Cherokee shale, not far above base. 1266A, Lexington, Lafayette Co., Mo. River bluff below water-works. 30 feet gray limestone, upper part shaly, Henrietta formation. 1266A2 Same locality. Ten feet higher in section, in 6 feet heavy gray limestone, Henrietta formation. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 375 1268A2 Garland, Henry Co., Mo. On Honey Creek in S.W. 14.S.W. 4 sec. 36, T. 43, R. 27. 2 feet limestone, many fossils. Cherokee shale, 100 feet + below top. Here are also included some unlabeled or partially labeled fossils showing the same fauna. ' 1268B, Garland, Henry Co., Mo. On Honey Creek at mouth of Cottonwood Creek, in N.E. 4 S.W. 4 sec. 36, T. 48, R. 27. 1 foot iron bed, full of fossils, Cherokee shale, 100 feet+ below top. 1268C, Garland, Henry Co., Mo. On Honey Creek above Buck Ford and above mouth of Cottonwood Creek in S.W. 14 N.E. 4 sec. 36, T. 48, R. 27. Two feet shaly limestone with fossils, Cherokee shale, 100 feet below top. 1268D2 Garland, Henry Co., Mo. Gray farm in S.E. 14 N.W. 4 sec. 29, T. 43, R. 27. 1 foot shaly limestone with fossils, Cherokee shale near top. 1269A; Calhoun, Henry Co., Mo. Railroad cut at station in N.W. 14 N.E. 4 sec. 36, T. 43, R. 25. Six inches of iron ore with fossils, Cherokee shale 100 feet below top. PLATE XXVII. PLATE XXVII. Batostomella greeniana (p. 326). Figs. 1 and la. Two tangential sections from the same specimen, x 20. These show the circular zooecia and the numerous and crowded acanthopores. There are two kinds of acanthopores but they are not very conspicuous in the sections and somewhat less distinct in the illustrations. The acanthopores are in one section so crowded that they are flattened and deformed. 1band 1c. A transverse and a longitudinal section from the same specimen as the Fig. 2. foregoing, x 20. These show the punctate character of the wall contiguous to the zooecial tubes. These punctae are represented as smaller and more numerous than in the specimen itself. A row of them is sometimes seen down each side of a zooecium, as in fig. lb, top. One or two diaphragms, or what appear to be such are also shown. Topeka limestone, big quarry below Curzon (Station 180). Liopora subnodosa (p. 341). A colony nearly covering the dorsal valve of a specimen of Composita sublilita, x2. This figure shows the zooecial apertures and the low monticules on which no zooecia are found. The small mesopores that occur between the zooecia and occupy the monticules entirely are too small to appear in this magnifi- cation. Part of the surface, x 8. This shows the zooecia and the rows of mesopores. surrounding them, and also two monticules composed entirely of mesopores. Both zooecia and mesopores are open at the surface. Many of the zooecia have a spine-like projection from one side which gives them a lunate shape. This is shown in a number of the apertures in this figure. Fort Scott limestone, at bridge east of Youngstown, Mo. (Station 249). — Missourt BUREAU OF GEOLOGY AND MINEs. Vou. XIII, 2np SerRtes, Prats XXVII, PLATE XXVIII. Fig. Fig. Fig. ale la. to 3c. PLATE XXVIII. Liopora subnodosa (p. 341). A tangential section from the same specimen shown on plate 1, figs. 2 and 2a, x 20. The tangential section shows the subcircular zooecia separated by one, two, or more rows of more or less angular mesopores. A few of the zooecia have the peculiar projecting angle of the wall that gives these colonies a superficial resemblance to a very fine Fistulipora. A longitudinal section from the same specimen as the foregoing and the same shown on plate 1, figs. 2and 2a,x 20. This shows the zooecia and mesopores, entirely without diaphragms, and the slightly thickened or moniliform walls. Fort Scott limestone, at bridge east of Youngstown, Mo. (Station 249). Tangential section from another specimen, x 20. In this section the projecting angles that indent the zooecial tubes are more numerous and more distinct than in fig. 1. A slight difference in thickness of the walls is also shown. Longitudinal section from the same specimen, x 20. This section shows very clearly the moniliform character of the walls and the zooecia and mesopores - both devoid of diaphragms. , Upper Oread limestone, in quarry in northwest corner sec. 27, T. 8S., R. 22 E. (Station 273). Conocardium missouriensts (p. 353). Left valve, x 4. Same in outline, natural size. Right valve, x 4. Cardinal view, in outline. Drum limestone, Kansas City, Mo. (Station 429). Astartella compacta (p. 354). A right valve, x 2. Same in outline, natural size. Cherokee shale, Garland, Henry Co., Mo. (Station 1268 A). A somewhat more elongated left valve, x 2. Same in outline, natural size. Cherokee shale, Garland, Henry Co., Mo. (Station 1268 A x). Missovurt BuREAU OF GEOLOGY AND MINES. Vou. XIII, 2np Series, Plate XXVIII. PLATE XXIX. Fig. Fig. 1. da. 4b. PLATE XXIX. Fistulipora sonata (p. 322). A thin section cutting the zooecia lengthwise, x 5. This figure shows the zooecia and thin diaphragms together with the intervening cysts in one or more rows. The banded appearance is also shown, due to the occurrence of shallow cysts along certain well defined zones. Tangential section from another specimen, x 15. The figure shows the zooecia with weakly developed lunarium, separated by one or more rows of subangular cysts. The structure in the lower left hand corner is hard to in- terpret. The central opening resembles the zooecia round about but the con- centrically arranged cystose plates surrounding it are something beyond the range of my experience. Upper Oread limestone in quarry, northwest corner of sec. 27, T. 8S, R. 22 E- (Station 273). Naticopsis scintilla (p. 358). Side view, opposite the aperture, x 4. Same in outline, natural size. Side view (apertural) x 4. Outline of same, seen from above, x 4. Drum limestone, Kansas City, Mo. (Station 429). Bulimorpha minuta (p. 362.) Side view of an average specimen, x 3. Same in outline, natural size. Opposite side, x 3. Cherokee shale, Garland, Henry Co., Mo. (Station 1268 A-2). ee a 2np Sertes, Prate XXIX. Vor. XILI, Missourr BUREAU OF GEOLOGY AND MINEs. C ag S a gg wits 2. A J Sb — esd PLATE XXX. Fig. 1. la. 1b. ils 1d. Fig. Fig. 6. 6a. Fig. 7. PLATE XXX. Ambocoelia lobata (p. 351). Dorsal view of the typical and only specimen, x 2. Same in outline, natural size. Side view, x 2. Ventral view, x 2. Same in outline, natural size. Lecompton limestone, north central part of sec. 11, T. 59, R. 37 (Station 183). Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis (p. 350). A characteristic ventral valve. Same, x 2. Side view in outline. A ventral valve showing the not uncommon character in this species, of a fold or projection at the anterior margin. Same, x 2. Side view in outline. Mold of a convex dorsal valve. Side view, in outline. Mold of a shallow dorsal valve. Side view in outline. Cherokee shale, Clinton, Henry Co., Mo. (Station 1263 C3-+). Murchisonia missouriensis (p. 355). Side view showing the aperture, which is, however, broken, x 2. Same in outline, natural size. Cherokee shale, Garland, Henry Co., Mo. (Station 1268 A-2.) Goniospira lasallensis (p. 356). A specimen seen somewhat obliquely on the base showing the solid columella and apparent absence of an inner lip, x 2. Side view of the lower volutions of a specimen showing the growth lines which indicate the position of the slit band on the carina. Oblique view of the basal portion showing the pair of revolving ridges which look like a slit band, but are not, and a deposit which seems to be an inner lip), x 2: Lawrence shale, near Iatan, Mo. (Station 300). Tabulipora vera (p. 340). Figs, 9, 9a. Two tangential sections from the same specimen, x 20. They show the rather numerous young cells, the walls, for the most part much thickened, but in places thin, and the absence of acanthopores. The dark median line of the walls is in places continuous, and in places made up of a series of granules. This is not well shown in figures of this magnification. Bethany Falls limestone, quarry near Milan, Mo. (Station 250). Vou. XIII, 2nd Senrtes, Prate XXX. Missourt BUREAU OF GEOLOGY AND MINEs. , 4 > o- . @ PLATE XXXL PLATE XXXI. Leda arata (p. 351). Left valve of a characteristic specimen. Right valve. Cardinal view, x 2, showing ligamental groove. Right valve of a specimen resembling the original of fig. 3. Cardinal view, x 2. Right valve of a specimen having an unusual shape. Right valve of a young specimen. Right valve of a characteristic specimen. Cardinal view in outline. Right valve of another specimen. Cardinal view, x 2. Right valve of a small specimen. Left valve of same. Fragment of a right valve showing the chondrophore and, somewhat broken and worn, part of the dentition, x 4. : Lawrence shale, two miles south of Iatan, Mo. (Station 299). ~— Missourt BuREAU OF GEOLOGY AND MINES. Vou. XIII, 2np Series, Prare XXXI. PLATE XXXII. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. ile la. lla. PLATE XXXII. Pleurotomaria persimplex (p. 355). The type specimen, seen from above, x 3. Same in outline, natural size. Lower side, x 3. Side view opposite the aperture, x 3. Same in outline, natural size. Upper side of another specimen, x 3. Lower side. This specimen shows part of the natural outline of the aperture which has an angular deflection and then extends obliquely forward and upward. The umbilicus is very small. Cherokee shale, Garland, Henry Co., Mo. (Station 1268A-2). Naticella americana (p. 359). Side view of a typical specimen, x 3. Opposite side, x 3. Seen from above, x 3. Same in outline, natural size. Cherokee shale, Garland, Henry Co., Mo. (Station 1268A-2.) Zygopleura teres (p. 360). Side view of the typical specimen, x 5. Opposite side, x 5. Drum limestone, Kansas City, Mo. (Station 429). Zygopleura nana (p. 360). Side view, x 5. Opposite side, x 5. Drum limestone, Kansas City, Mo. (Station 429). Zygopleura affints (p. 359). Side view of a rather small individual, x 3. Same, natural size. Opposite side, x 3. Cherokee shale, Garland, Henry Co., Mo. (Station 1268A-2.). Hemizyga elegans (p. 362). Apertural view of the type specimen, x 3. Same in outline, natural size. Opposite side, x 3. Cherokee shale, Garland, Henry Co., Mo. (Station 1268A-2.). Hemizyga grandicostala (p. 362). Side view, x 3. Same in outline, natural size. Another side, x 3. Cherokee shale, Garland, Henry Co., Mo. (Station 1268A-2.). Hemizyga dubia (p. 361). Apertural view, x 3. Same in outline, natural size. Opposite side, x 3. Cherokee shale, Garland, Henry Co., Mo. (Station 1268.-2.). Zygopleura nodosa (p. 360). An imperfect specimen showing the true outline of the aperture, in part. Apertural view of the type specimen. This specimen is imperfect below, and has been restored. Opposite side. In this view also restoration has been made in the lower part. Calhoun shale, S.W. 14 S.W. 14 sec. 9, T. 59, R. 37. (Station 206). TT hT Mitssourt BUREAU OF GEOLOGY AND MINEs. Vou. XIII, 2np Series, Prare XXXIT RS Se NaN 2a rill WD) i) il ADRS wipier CHAPTER IX. BIBLIOGRAPHY. The following bibliography comprises by far the greater number of publications dealing directly with the Pennsylvanian area of Missouri and includes all, so far as known, which have a bearing on the coal deposits of the State. Short bibliographies are given under each county in the companion volume of this report’ where most of the information concerning coal statistics and coal analyses has been tabulated. BIBLIOGRAPHY-OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN ROCKS IN MISSOURI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE COAL DEPOSITS. Abert, J. W. 1. Journal from Bent’s Fort to St. Louis in 1846.—Message Prest. U.S., 29th Cong., Ist sess., Senate Doc. No. 438, pp. 2-75, 12 pls., maps, 1846. Not seen. Adams, G. I. . 2. Physiography and geology of the Ozark region—U. S. Geol. Survey, 22d Ann. Rept., pt. 2, pp. 69-94, 3 pls., 3 figs., 1901. Adams, G. I., Girty, G. H., and White, D. 3. Stratigraphy and paleontology of the upper carboniferous rocks of the Kansas section.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 211, 123 pp., 4 pls., 10 figs., 1903. Contains a general section of the Pennsylvanian. Adams, G. I., Haworth, E., and Crane, W. R. 4. Economic geology of the Iola quadrangle——U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 238, 83 pp., 11 pls., 13 figs., 1904. Contains geologic map of southwest Missouri. Anonymous. ; 5. Belcher’s artesian well in St. Louis—Am. Journal. Sci., 2d. ser., vol. 15, pp. 460-463, 1853. Contains log of well. 6. Coal banks (of Howard and Cooper counties).—History of Howard and Cooper Counties. National Historical Publishing Co., St. Louis, pp. 320-326, 1883. 7. Coal mines (of Randolph County).—History of Randolph and Macon Counties. National Historical Publishing Co., St. Louis, pp. 178, 189, 1884. 8. History of Caldwell and Livingston counties. 1227 pp., St. Louis, National Historical Company, 1886. Gives a short history of coal mining in these counties. 9. Pleasanton, Kansas, its coal fields, resources and advantages——Herald Job Office, Pleasanton, Kas. 32 pp., 12 figs. Remarks on Rich Hill coal mines. 1Hinds, Henry, The coal deposits of Missouri: Missouri Bureau of Geology and Mines, vol. 11, 2nd ser., 1912. G- 24a (377) 378 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Armstrong, S. C. 10. Coal production in Missouri in 1883-84.—Min. Res. U. S. for 1883-84, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 12, 51-52, 1885. Ashburner, Chas. A. 11. Coal production in Missouri in 1885. yt! Res. U. S. for 1885, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 11, 35-36, 1886. 12. Coal production in Missouri in 1886.—Min. Res. U. S. for 1886, U. S. Grek Sur- vey, pp. 230, 280-282, 1887. 13. Coal production in Missouri in 1887.—Min. Res. U. S. for 1887, U. _ Geol. Survey, pp. 171, 272-275, 1888. 14. Coal production in Missouri in 1888.—Min. Res. U. S. for 1888, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 206, 285-287, 1889. Babcock, E. N., and Minor, Jessie. 15. The Graydon sandstone and its mineral waters.—Drury Coll. Bradley Geol. Field Station, Bull., vol. 1, pp. 22-31, 1904. Bain, H. F. 16. Structure of the Mystic coal basin (lowa and Missouri).—Iowa Acad. Sci., Proc., vol. 1, pt. 4, pp. 33-36, 1894. 17. Peculiarities of the Mystic coal seam (Iowa and Missouri) pm. Geol. vol. 13, pp. 407-411, 1894. 18. Geology of Appanoose County (lowa).—Iowa Geol. Survey, vol. 5, pp. 363-438, pls. 11-14, figs. 32-43, 1896. 19. The western interior coal field of America——North of Eng. Inst. Min. & Mech. Engrs., vol. 48, pp. 55-80, 1898. 20. Geology of Decatur County (lowa).—Iowa Geol. Survey, vol. 8, pp. 258-309, pls. 21-24, figs. 9-10, with geologic map, 1898. 21. The Bethany limestone, at Bethany, Missouri—Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 5, pp. 433-439, 1898. Bain, H. F., and Leonard, A. G. 22. The ‘middle coal measures of the western interior coal fields—Jour. Geology, vol. 6, pp. 577-588, 1898. Bain, H. F. 23. The western interior coal field —U. S. Geol. Survey, 22d Ann. Rept. pt. 3, pp. 333-366, 3 pls., 1 fig., 1902. Ball, S. H., and Smith, A. F. 24. The geology of Miller County (Missouri).—Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, vol. 1, 2d ser., pp. 1-197, 18 pls., 56 figs., 1903. Ball S: e- 25. The deposition of the Carboniferous formations of the north slope of the Ozark uplift—Jour. Geology, vol. 12, pp. 335-343, 1904. Bassler, R. S., see Ulrich and Bassler. Bassler, R. S., see Nickles and Bassler. Bauman, D. 26. Washington County coal.—Mines, Metals, and Arts, of. St. Louis, Sept. 24, 1874. Beede, J. W., and Rogers, A. F. 27. New and little known pelecypods from the coal measures.—Kansas Univ. Quart., vol. 8, pp. 131-134, pl. 34, 1899. Describes species from Kansas City. Beede, J. W. 28. Two new crinoids from the Kansas Carboniferous.—Kansas Univ. Quart., vol. 9, pp. 21-24, pl. 5, 1900. Describes species from Kansas City. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 379 29. Carboniferous invertebrates——Kansas Univ. Geol. Survey, vol. 6, pp. 1-187, pls. 1-22, 1900. Describes species from Kansas City. Beede, J. W., and Rogers, A. F. 30. Coal measures faunal studies—Kansas Univ. Quart., vol. 9, pp. 283-254, 1900. Gives lists of fossils from Kansas City. 31. Coal measures faunal studies: Faunal divisions of the Kansas coal measures.— Kansas Univ. Geol. Survey, vol. 9, pp. 318-385, 1 pl., 1908. Gives list of fossils from Kansas City. Beede, J. W. e 32. The bearing of the stratigraphic history and invertebrate fossils on the age of the anthrocolithic rocks of Kansas and Oklahoma.—Jour. Geology, vol. 17, pp. 710-729, 1909. Belden, A.W. | ‘ 33. Coking tests of Missouri coal—vU. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 332, p. 168, 1908. 34. Coking tests of Missouri coal—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 336, pp. 23, 30, 39, 1908. Bennett, John. 35. A geologic section along the Missouri Pacific Railway from State line, Bourbon County, to Yates Center (Kansas).—Kansas Univ. Geol. Survey, vol. 1, pp. 86-98, 1896. Gives sections in Missouri. 36. A preliminary report of the invertebrate paleontology of the Carboniferous of Kansas.—Kansas Univ. Geol. Survey, vol. 2, pp. 270-810, 1896. Bennett, John, see Haworth and Bennett. Breckenridge, L. P. 37. Boiler tests of Missouri coal—uvU. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 261, pp. 81-82, 1905. 38. Boiler tests of Missouri coal—tu. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 48, pt. 2, pp. 681 744, 1906. 39. A study of four hundred steaming tests, made at the fuel testing plant, St. Louis, Mo., in 1904, 1905, and 1906.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 325, 196 pp., 1907. Gives results derived from certain Missouri coals. 40. Steaming tests of Missouri coal—uU. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 332, pp. 167, 170, 171, 173, 1908. Breckenridge, L. P., see Fernald and Breckenridge. Broadhead, G. C. 41. Coal measures in Missouri.—St. Louis Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. 2, pp. 311-333, 1865. 42. Note on coal measure fucoids.—Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. 2, pp. 216-217, 1871. 43. Maries, Osage, Warren, Shelby, Macon, and Randolph caunties.—Geol. Survey Missouri Report, 1855-71, pp. 7-110, map, plates, 1873. 44. Geology of northwestern Missouri—Geol. Survey Missouri, Rept. 1872, part 2, pp. 1-402, 1873. (Includes geology of Lincoln County by W. B. Potter, pp. 217-289). Contains general sections of “Upper, middle and lower Coal Measures” and reports on Clay, Platte, Buchanan, Livingston, Holt, Atchison, and Nodaway counties. 45. Notesonsuch rocks of Missouri as admit of a fine polish.—Geol. Survey Missouri, Rept. 1872, pt. 2, pp. 414-415, 1873. 46. Schedule showing depths of coal seams below given horizons.—Geol. Survey Missouri, Rept. 1872, pt. 2, p. 421, 1873. 47. Geological reports on Cedar, Jasper, Barton, Vernon, Bates, Howard, Sullivan, Adair, Linn, Andrew, Daviess and Cole counties (Missouri).—Missouri Geol. Survey, Report 1873-74, pp. 62-271, 303-341, 1874. 380 66. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Topographic features of the south-west coal field (Missouri). Missouri Geol. Survey, Report, 1873-74, pp. 57-61, 1874. Coal of southwest Missouri.—Mines, Metals and Arts of St. Louis, Dec. 20, 1877. Occurrence of bitumen in Missouri.—St. Louis Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. 3, p. 224-226, 1878. : Missouri iron ore of the Carboniferous age.—Kansas City Review, vol. 1, pp. 650-54, 1878. On the well at the insane asylum, St. Louis County, Mo.—St. Louis Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. 3, pp. 216-223, pl. 16, 1878. Thickness of the Missouri coal measures.—Kansas City Review, vol. 1, pp. 392-393, 1878. Jackson County, Mo., a few notes on its geology.—Kansas City Review, vol. 2, pp. 204-210, 1879. Missouri (geological formations).—Macfarlane’s Geol. Rwy. Guide, pp. 154- 158, 1879. The Carboniferous rocks of southeast Kansas——Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. 22, pp. 55-57, 1879. Also in Kansas City Review, vol. 5, pp. 273-275, 1882. Notes on surface geology of southwest Missouri and southeast Kansas.—Kansas City Review, vol. 3, pp. 460-461, 1880. Geological notes on a part of southeast Kansas.—Kansas City Review, vol. 6, pp. 172-174, 1883. Correlates formations with those of Bates County, Missouri. Carboniferous rocks of eastern Kansas.—St. Louis Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. 4, pp. 481-493, 1884. (pub. 1886). The geological history of the Ozark uplift——Am. Geologist, vol. 8, No. 1, p. 6, 1889. Coal deposits of southwest Missouri.—Proc. Interstate Mining Convention, Springfield, Mo., p. 66, 1891. A critical notice of the stratigraphy of the Missouri Paleozoic—Am. Geologist, vol. 12, pp. 74-89, 1893. Coal measures of Missouri—Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 8, pp. 355-395, 1895. The Ozark uplift and growth of the Missouri Paleozoic_—Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 12, pt. 3, pp. 391-409, 1898. The geology of Boone County (Missouri).—Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 12, pt. 3, pp. 375-388, pls. 12-13, 1898. Bituminous and asphalt rocks of the United States——Am. Geologist, vol. 32, pp. 59-60, 1903. Buckley, E. R. 67. 68. 69. Introduction (to the Geology of Miller County, Missouri)—Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, vol. 1, 2d ser., pp. 11-16, 1903. Geological report on the examination of lands in the vicinity of Kingston (Mis- souri).—Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, Bienn. Rept. of State Geologist to 42nd Gen. Assembly, pp. 34-36, 1903. Geological report on an examination of lands in the vicinity of Cameron (Mis- souri).—Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, Bienn. Rept. of State Geologist to 42nd Gen. Assembly, pp. 40-44, 1903. Buckley, E. R., and Buehler, H. A. 70. The quarrying industry of Missouri—Missouri Bur. Geology Mines, vol. 2, 2d ser., 371 pp., 59 pls., 1904. Buckley, E. R. tile 72. Introduction to the Geology of Moniteau County (Missouri).—Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, vol. 3, 2d ser., pp. 1-9, 1905. Examination of lands near Bucklin (Missouri)—Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, Bienn. Rept. of State Geologist to 43d Gen. Assembly, p. 21, 1905. et ie BIBLIOGRAPHY. 381 73. Report on petition from Sheldon (Missouri).—Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, Bienn. Rept. of State Geologist to 43d Gen. Assembly, pp. 21-22, 1905. 74. Report on lands in the vicinity of Monticello (Missouri).—Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, Bienn. Rept. of State Geologist to 43d Gen. Assembly, pp. 23-24, 1905. 75. Coal (Missouri).—Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, Bienn. Rept. of State Geologist to 43d Gen. Assembly, pp. 42-48, 1905. 76. Coal (Missouri).—Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, Bienn. Rept. of State Geologist to 44th Gen. Assembly, pp. 41-43, 1906. 77. Report on an examination of a tract of land northwest of Paris (Missouri.)— Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, Bienn. Rept. of State Geologist to 44th Gen. Assembly, pp. 24-26, 1906. 78. Report on petition from Rich Hill (Missouri).—Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines Bienn, Rept. State Geologist to 44th Gen. Assembly, pp. 22-23, 1906. Buckley, E. R., and Buehler, H. A. i 79. The Pennsylvanian (of the Granby area).—Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, 2d ser., vol. 4, pp. 32-34, 1906. Bucklin, J. M. 80. Report of the engineer on the preliminary surveys and location of the Hannibal and St. Joseph R. R——Western Jour. and Civilian, vol. 10, pp. 272-277, 1853. This has a section of seventy miles of the north Missouri coal field. Buehler, H. A. 81. Report on petition from Albany (Missouri)—Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, Bienn. Rept. State Geologist to 43d Gen. Assembly, pp. 27-29, 1905. 82. Lime and cement resources of Missouri.—Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, 2d ser., vol. 6, 255 pp., 36 pls., 1907. 83. Coal (Missouri).—Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, Bienn. Rept. State Geolo- gist to 45th Gen. Assembly, pp. 43-44, 1909. Buehler, H. A., see Buckley and Buehler. Burrows, J. S., see Parker and Burrows. Bush, B. F. 84. The coal fields of Missouri—Am. Inst. Min. Engrs., Bi. mo. Bull. No. 1, pp. 165-179, 1905. Trans., vol. 35, pp. 903-917, 1905. Butts, Edward. 85. Recently discovered foot-prints of the Amphibian age, in the upper coal measure group of Kansas City, Missouri—Kansas City Scientist, vol. 5, pp. 17-19, 4 figs., 1891. 86. Foot-prints of new species of Amphibians in the upper coal measure group of Kansas City, Missouri—Kansas City Scientist, vol. 5, p. 44, 2 figs., 1891. 87. A description of a new species of Echinodermata from the upper coal measures of Kansas City (Missouri) —Kansas City Scientist, vol. 5, p. 144, 1891. 88. Description of some new species of crinoids from the upper coal measures of the Carboniferous age at Kansas City, Missouri—Kansas City Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. 1, pp. 13-15, 1 pl., 1898. Campbell, M. R. 89. Field work on samples of Missouri coal—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 261, p. 26, 1905. 90. Description of samples of Missouri coal collected for tests at St. Louis testing station, 1907.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 48, pt. 1, pp. 96-102, 1906. 91 Classification of coals collected for tests at St. Louis testing station, 1904.— U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 48, pp. 156-173, 1906. 382 92. 93. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Miscellaneous analyses of coal samples from the various fields of the United States.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 471, pp. 629-655, 1912. Gives analyses of Missouri coal. Miscellaneous analyses of coal samples from the various coal fields of the United States.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 531, pp. 331-355, 1913. Gives analyses of Missouri coals. : 7th Decennial Census of United States. 94. (Production of coal in Missouri.)—U. S. Census Report, 1850. Gives total rating of state only. 8th Decennial Census of United States. 95. (Production of coal in Missouri).—U. S. Census Report for 1860. Incomplete; only three counties given. 9th Decennial Census of the United States. 96. (Production of coal in Missouri).—U. S. Census Rept. for 1870. 10th Decennial Census of United States. 97. (Production of coal in Missouri).—U. S. Census Rept. for 1880, Mining Industry, vol. 15. Chauvenet, Regis. 98. 99. Analyses of fuels, iron ores, and pig irons.—Geol. Survey Missouri, Rept. 1872, pt. 1, pp. 29-44, 1873. Chemical analyses.—Geol. Survey Missouri, Rept. 1873-74, pp. 706-734, 1874. Clarke, John M., see Hall and Clarke. Clarke, William, see Lewis and Clarke. Coal 100. 101 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. Mine Inspectors of Missouri. Reports.—1st Ann. Rept. of the Bur. Labor Statistics for year ending January 1, 1880, pp. 89-91, 1880. . Reports.—2d Ann. Rept. of the Bur. Labor Statistics for year ending January 1, 1881, pp. 91-121, 1881. Reports.—4th Ann. Report of the Bur. Labor Statistics for year ending Decem- ber 31, 1882, pp. 147-152, 1883. Reports for the years 1882 and 1883.—5th Ann. Rept. Bur. Labor Statistics for year ending December 31, 1883, pp. 81-127, 1887. (The second title includes reports for 1883, the first having those omitted from the report of the previous year). Reports for year 1884.—6th Ann. Rept. Bur. Labor Statistics for the year ending December 31, 1884, pp. 269-299, 1885. Reports (for 1885).—7th Ann. Rept. Bur. Labor Statistics for year ending December 31, 1885, pp. 117-155, 1886. Reports for 1886.—S8th Ann. Rept. Bur. Labor Statistics for year ending December 31, 1886, pp. 29-73, 1887. First Annual Report.—9th Ann. Rept. Bur. Labor Statistics for year ending November 5, 1887, pp. 177-211, 1887. (Second Annual) Report for 1888.—10th Ann. Rept. Bur. Labor Statistics for year ending November 5, 1888, pp. 59-125, 1889. (Third Annual) Report for 1889.—11th Ann. Rep. Bur. Labor Statistics for year ending Nov. 5, 1889, pp. 87-103, 447-517, 1889. 4th Ann. Rept. for year ending Nov. 5, 1890.—4th Rept. of the State Mine Inspector for year ending November 5, 1890, 141 pp., 1890. 5th Ann. Rept. for year ending June 30, 1891.—5th Ann. Rept. of State Mine Inspector for year ending June 30, 1891, 215 pp., 1891. 6th Ann. Rept. for the year ending June 30, 1892.—6th Ann. Rept. of State Mine Inspector for year ending June 30, 1892, pp. 7-181, 1892. 7th Ann. Rept. for year ending June 30, 1893.—7th Ann. Rept. of State Mine Inspector for year ending June 30, 1893, pp. 1-151, 1893. —_ a — BIBLIOGRAPHY. 383 114. 8th Ann. Rept. for year ending June 30, 1894.—8th Ann. Rept. of State Mine Inspectors for year ending June 30, 1894, pp. 9-224, 1895. 115. 9th Ann. Rept. for year ending June 30, 1895.—9th Ann. Rept. of State Mine Inspectors for year ending June 30, 1895, pp. 7-202, 1893. 116. 10th Ann. Rept. for year ending June 30, 1896.—10th Ann. Rept. of State Mine Inspectors for year ending June 30, 1896, pp. 7-182, 1896. 117. 11th Ann. Rept. for year ending June 30, 1897.—11th Ann. Rept. of State Mine Inspectors for year ending June 30, 1897, pp. 7-174, 1897. 118. 12th Ann. Rept. for year ending June 30, 1898.—12th Ann. Rept. of State Mine Inspectors for year ending June 30, 1898, pp. 7-181, 1898. 119. 13th Ann. Rept. for year ending June 30, 1899.—13th Ann. Rept. of State Mine Inspectors for year ending June 30, 1899, pp. 7-167, 1900. 120. 14th Ann. Rept. of State Coal Mine Inspector for the year ending June 30, 1900, 202 pp., 1900. 121. 15th Ann. Rept. of State Coal Mine Inspector for the year 1901, 243 pp., 1902. 122. 16th Ann. Rept of State Coal Mine Inspector for the year 1902, 272 pp., 1903. 123. 17th Ann. Rept. of State Coal Mine Inspector for the year 1903, 295 pp., 1904. 124. 18th Ann. Rept. for year 1904.—18th Ann. Rept. Bur. Mines and Mine Inspec- tion, year ending December 31, 1904, pp. 311-479, 1905. 125. 19th Ann. Rept. for year 1905.—19th Ann. Rept. Bur. Mines and Mine Inspec- tion, year ending December 31, 1905, pp. 4-337, 1906. 126. 20th Ann. Rept. for year 1906.—20th Ann. Rept. Bur. Mines and Mine Inspec- tion, year ending December 31, 1906, pp. 213-405, 1907. 127, 21st Ann. Rept. for year 1907 —21st Ann. Rept. Bur. Mines and Mine Inspec- tion, year ending December 31, 1907, pp. 107-239, 1908. 128. 22nd Ann. Rept. for year 1908.—22nd Ann. Rept. Bur. Mines, Mining and Mine Inspection, year ending December 31, 1908, pp. 21-53, 71-152, 1909. 129. 23d Ann. Rept. for year 1909.—23d Ann. Rept. Bur. Mines, Mining and Mine Inspection, year ending December 31, 1909, pp. 37-182, 1910. 130. 24th Ann. Rept. for year 1910.—24th Ann. Rept. Bur. Mines, Mining and Mine Inspection, year ending December 31, 1910, pp. 53-106, 1911. 131. 25th Ann. Rept. for year 1911.—25th Ann. Rept. Bur. Mines, Mining and Mine Inspection, year ending December 31, 1911, pp. 31-99, 1912. Cobb, H. 132. Missouri coal.—Western Jour. and Civilian, vol. 11, p. 273, 1858. Crane, G. W. 133. The iron ores of Missouri—Missouri Bur. of Geology and Mines, vol. 10, 2d ser., 434 pp., 48 pls., 29 figs., 1 map, 1912. Discusses iron ores of the Pennsylvanian. Crane, W. R. 134. Geography and detailed stratigraphy of the Kansas coal measures; description of mines, mining methods, and mining machinery; chemical and physical properties of Kansas coal; output and commerce; mining directory and mining laws.—Kansas Univ. Geol. Survey, vol. 3, pp. 108-336, pls. 31-70, figs. 4-54, 1898. Crane, W. R., see Adams, Haworth and Crane. Darton, N. H. 135. Catalogue and index of contributions to North American geology, 1732-1891.— U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 127, 1045 pp., 1896. Delamater, G. R. 136. Washing tests of Missouri coal.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 332, pp. 168, 172, 1908. 137. Washing tests of Missouri coal.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 336, pp. 14-15, 1908. 384 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Emerson, F. V. 138. Geography of Missouri—Univ. of Missouri Bull., Educational Series, vol. 1, no. 4, 74 pp., 1912. Faber, C., see Miller and Faber. Fenneman, N. M. 139. Clay resources of the St. Louis district, Missourt.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 285, pp- 226-239, 1 pl. (map), 1906. 140. Physiography of the St. Louis area.—lIllinois State Geol. Survey, Bull. 12, 83 pp., 18 pls., 10 figs., 1909. 141. Geology and mineral resources of the St. Louis quadrangle (Mo.-Ill.).—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 488, 73 pp., 6 pls., 1911. Fernald, R. H. 142. Producer-gas tests of Missouri coal—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 261, pp. 101, 102, 117, 1905. 143. Comparison of steam and producer-gas tests of Missouri coal—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 261, p. 119, 1905. 144. Producer-gas tests of Missouri coal—U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 48, pt. 3, pp. 1155-1168, 1906. 145. Recent development of the producer-gas power plant in Missouri.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 416, pp. 12, 16, 71, 1909. : Gallaher, J. A. 146. Bienn. Rept. State Geologist——Missouri. Bur. Geology and Mines, 68 pp., 1898. 147. Preliminary report of the structural and economic geology of Missouri—Mis- souri Bur. Geology and Mines, 259 pp., pls. 1-58, figs. 1-6, and 9 vertical sec- tions, 1900. (Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 13.) Gannett, Henry. 148. Physiographic types——U. S. Geol. Survey, Topog. Atlas of U. S., folio No. 2, Marshall sheet, Missouri, 1900. 149. A dictionary of altitudes in the United States (fourth edition)—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 274, 1072 pp., 1906. Girty, G. H. 150. On some growth stages in Naticopsis altonensis, McChesney.—Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 34, pp. 338-339, pl. 1, 1912. Specimens from Henry County. Girty, G. H., see Adams, Girty and White. Gordon, C. H. 151. A report on the Bevier sheet, including portions of Macon, Randolph, and Chariton counties (Missouri).—Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 9, Sheet Report No. 2, 75 pp. figs. 1-5, geologic map, 1896. Also issued in folio form in 1893. Griffith, William. 152. A Missouri coal field—Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 77, pp. 564-565, 1904. Remarks on Morgan County coal. Gurley, Wm. F. E. 153. New Carboniferous fossils.—Bull. No. 1, 1883. Describes fossils from ‘‘Upper Coal Measures, Kansas City.” 154. New Carboniferous fossils —Bull. No. 2, 12 pp., 1884. Describes fossils from ‘‘Upper Coal Measures, Kansas City.” Gurley, Wm. F. E., see Miller and Gurley. Hagar, A. D. 155. Annual report of the State Geologist of the State of Missouri. (Albert D. Hagar: Nov. 30, 1870) 23 pp. Appendix, regular session, twenty-sixth General Assembly; pp. 21-43, 1871. Brief discussion of coal deposits of the state and statistics of production, BIBLIOGRAPHY. 385 Hall, James. 156. Geology and paleontology.—Exploration and survey of the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, by Howard Stansbury, spec. sess., March, 1851, Senate Ex. Doc. No. 3, pp. 401-406, 1852. Describes species from vicinity of Weston, Missouri. Hall, James, and Clarke, John M. 157. An introduction to the study of the genera of Paleozoic Brachiopoda, Part I.— Nat. Hist. of N. ¥. Paleontology, vol. 8, pt. 1, pp. 1-367, pls. 1-20, 1893. Describes new species from Pennsylvanian of Missouri. Hare, S. J. 158. Trilobites of the upper coal measure group at Kansas City, Mo.—Kansas City Scientist, vol. 5, pp. 33-36, pl. 1, 1891. Describes and figures three species of trilobites. Hawn, F. 159. (Courtry between the Missouri and Mississippi rivers)—Geol. Survey Missouri, 1st and 2d Ann. Repts., pt. 2, pp. 121-136, 1855. Greene, F. C. 160. The coal resources of a part of northeastern Missouri.—U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 541, pp. 223-242, pl. XII, 1914. Haworth, E. 161. The coal fields of Cherokee County (Kansas)—Kan. Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. 8, pp. 7-11, 1881-82. Remarks on adjoining region in Missouri. 162. New developments (of Kansas coal).—Mineral resources of Kansas, 1900 and 1901, pp. 32-49, 1902. Contains record of diamond drilling at Atchison and remarks on geology of surrounding region. Haworth, E., and Bennett, John. 163. A geologic section from Baxter Springs to the Nebraska State line-—Kansas Univ. Geol. Survey, vol. 1, pp. 35-71, 1896. Gives seetion at Kansas City. Haworth, E. 164. Stratigraphy of the Kansas coal measures—Kansas Uniy. Geol. Survey, vol. 3, pp- 13-105, pls. 1-30, figs. 1-3, 1898. Haworth, E., and Bennett, John. 165. General stratigraphy (of Kansas).—Kansas Univ. Geol. Survey, vol. 9, pp. 57-121, 1909. Gives general section of Pennsylvanian and correlates with Missouri section. Haworth, E., see Adams, Haworth and Crane. Haworth, E., see Schrader and Haworth. Hay, O. P. 166. Bibliography and catalogue of the fossil Vertebrata of North America.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 179, 868 pp., 1902. Hay, Robert. 167. Natural gas in eastern Kansas.—5th Bienn. Rept. Kansas State Board Agr., 1885-87, pt. 2, pp. 198-208, 1887. 168. The river counties of Kansas. Some notes on their geology and mineral re- sources.—Kansas Acad. Sci., Trans. vol. 14, pp. 230-260, 1896. Contains matter pertaining to the geology across the river in Missouri. Hendrixon, W. H., see Norton, Hendrixon, Simpson, Meinzer and others. Hinds, Henry. 169. Coal deposits of Iowa.—lowa Geol. Survey, vol. 19, pp. 21-396, 1909. 170. Coal fields of Iowa and Missouri—Mines and Minerals, vol. 31, pp. 80-82. 1910. G—25 386 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. 171. The principal coal fields of northern Missouri.—Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, Bienn. Rept. of State Geologist to 46th Gen. Assembly, pp. 26-35, 1911. 172. The coal fields of Missouri—U. S. Geol. Survey, Min. Res. U. S., 1910, pt. 2, pp. 154-155, 1911. 173. The coal déposits of Missouri—Missouri Bureau of Geology and Mines, vol. 11, 2d ser., 503 pp., 23 pls., 97 figs., 7 maps, 1912. Hus, Henri. 5 174. An ecological cross-section of the Mississippi River in the region of St. Louis, Missouri Botanical Garden, 19th Ann. Rept., pp. 127-258, pls. 10-20, cross- section and diagrams, 1908. Discusses geology of region. Jamison, J. 175. Report on the coal fields and coal mines on the western waters.—Washington, 1852. Describes briefly cannel coal of Callaway County. Keyes, C. R. 176. Geological formations of Iowa.—Iowa Geol. Survey, vol. 1, pp. 13-144, 1893. Proposes Missouri and Des Moines ‘‘stages.” 177. A bibliography of North American paleontology, 1888-1892.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 121, 251 pp., 1899. 178. Paleontology of Missouri, Part I.—Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 4, 271 pp., pls. 1-32, figs. 1-9. with geologic map of state, 1894. 179. Paleontology of Missouri, Part II—DMissouri Geol. Survey, vol. 5, 266 pp., pls. 33-56, figs. 10-11, 1894. 180. Characteristics of the Ozark Mountains.—Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 8, pp. ; 317-352, 1895. 181. Stratigraphy of the Kansas coal measures.—Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., vol. 50, pp. 239-243, 1895. 182. Nature of coal horizons.—Jour. Geology, vol. 1, pp. 178-186, 1895. 183. Serial nomenclature of the Carboniferous.—Am. Geologist, vol. 18, pp. 22-28, 1896. 184. Thickness of the Paleozoic rocks of the Mississippi Basin —Am. Geologist, vol. 17, pp. 169-173, 1896. Discusses thickness of Pennsylvanian. 185. The Bethany limestone of the western interior coal field—Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 2, pp. 221-225, 1896. 186. Bibliography of Missouri geology.—Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 9, pp. 221- 523, 1896. 187. The geological occurrence of clays.——Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 11, pp. 35-48, 1896. 188. Distribution and character of Missouri clays.—Mineral Industry for 1896, pp. 127-137, 1897. 189. Stages of the Des Moines, or chief coal-bearing series of Kansas and southwest Missouri and their equivalent in Iowa.—Iowa Acad. Sci., Proc., vol. 4, pp. 22-25, 1897. 190. Carboniferous formations of southwestern Iowa.—Am. Geologist, vol. 21, pp. 346-350, 1898. 191. Structure of the coal deposits of the trans-Mississippian field—Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 65, pp. 253-254, and 280-281, 1898. ~ 192. Carboniferous formations of the Ozark region—Iowa Acad. Sci., Proc., vol. 5, pp. 55-58, 1898. 193. Probable stratigraphical equivalents of the coal measures of Arkansas.—Jour. Geology, vol. 6, pp. 356-365, 2 figs., 1898. 194. The Missourian series of the Carboniferous—Am. Geologist, vol. 23, pp. 298- 316, 1899. EE el a lk 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. King, 210. 211. Ladd, 212. 213. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 387 The geological position of trans-Mississippi coals——Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 69, pp. 528-529, 1900. Coal floras of the Mississippi valley —Science, new ser., vol. 11, pp. 898-900, 1900. : Formational synonymy of the coal measures of the western basin.—Iowa Acad. Sci., Proc. vol. 7, pp. 82-105, pls. 6-7, 1900. Correlative relations of certain subdivisions of the coal measures of Kansas.— Am. Geologist, vol. 25, pp. 347-353, 1900. The stratigraphical location of named trans-Mississippian coals.—Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 72, p. 198, 1901. Horizons of Arkansas and Indian Territory coal compared with those of other trans-Mississippian coals—Eng. and Min. Jour., vol. 71, pp. 692-693, 1901. Time values of provincial Carboniferous terranes—Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 12, pp. 305-309, 1901. A schematic standard for the American Carboniferous——Am. Geologist, vol. 28, pp. 293-305, 1901. Names of coals west of the Mississippi River—Iowa Acad. Sci., Proc., vol. 8, pp. 128-137, 1901. A depositional measure of unconformity.—Geol. Soc. America, Bull., vol. 12, pp. 173-196, 1 pl., 1901. Depositional equivalent of hiatus at base of our coal measures; and the Arkansas series, a new terrane of the Carboniferous in the western interior basin.—lowa Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. 8, pp. 119-128, 1901. On a crinoidal horizon in the upper Carboniferous.—Science, new ser., vol. 13, pp. 915-916, 1901. Correlation of the Clarinda well section with the schematic section of the Car- boniferous.—lowa Geol. Survey, vol. 2, pp. 461-463, 1901. Notes on the classification of American Carboniferous deposits.—Jour. Geology, vol. 14, pp. 71-76, 1906. The Guadalupan series, and the relation of its discovery to the existence of a Permian section in Missouri—St. Louis Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. 19, No. 9, pp. 123-129, 1910. H. Report of a geological reconnaissance of that part of the State of Missouri adjacent to the Osage River, made to William H. Morell, Chief Engineer of the State, by order of the Board of Internal Improvement, by Henry King, M.D., Geologist —Senate Journal, appendix, 1st Session, 11th General Assembly, pp- 506-525, Jefferson City, 1840. Some remarks on the geology of the State of Missouri—Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Proc., vol. 5, pp. 182-201, 1851. G. E. Clays and building stones of certain western central counties tributary to Kan- sas City——Missouri Geol. Survey, Bull. 5, pp. 48-86, 1891. Notes on certain undescribed clay occurrences in Missourii—Science, new ser., vol. 3, pp. 691-693, 1896. Lee, Wallace. 214, The geology of the Rolla quadrangle—Missouri Bureau of Geology and Mines, vol. 12, 2d series, 111 pp., 10 pls., 17 figs., 1913. Leonard, A. G., see Bain and Leonard. Lesquereux, L. 215. On the Cordaites and their related generic divisions, in the Carboniferous for- mation of the United States——Am. Phil. Soc., Proc., vol. 17, p. 315, 1878. Describes three species from ‘‘Lower Coal Measures at Clinton.” 388 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. 216. Description of the coal flora of the Carboniferous formation in Pennsylvania and throughout the United States—Second Geol. Survey of Pennsylvania, P., vols. 1 and 2, 1880, (atlas 1879), and vol. 3, 1884. Lewis, Meriwether, and Clarke, William. 217. Travels to the source of the Missouri River and across the American continent to the Pacific Ocean, performed by order of the Government of the United States in the year 1804, 1805 and 1806, by Captains Lewis and Clarke: published from the official report, and illustrated by a map of the route and other maps. London, 1814. Gives notes of exposures and coal banks along Missouri River. Litton, A. 218. Belcher and Brothers’ artesian well (in St. Louis, Mo.)—St. Louis Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. 1, pp. 80-86, plate, 1857. Long, Stephen H. 219. Account of an expedition from Pittsburg to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819-20, compiled by Edwin James, vol. 1, 503 pp.; vol. 2, 442 pp., atlas of 11 sheets, Philadelphia, 1823. Lonsdale, E. H. 220. Upper Carboniferous of southwestern Iowa.—Iowa Acad. Sci. Proc., vol. 2, pp. 197-200, 1894. Lord, N. W. 221. Chemical analyses of Missouri coal—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 261, pp. 48, 49, 1905. 222. Chemical analyses of Missouri coal—U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 48, pt. 1, pp. 235-238, 271, 1906. 223. Experimental work conducted in the chemical laboratory of the U. S. fuel testing plant at St. Louis, Mo., January 1, 1905, to July 31, 1906.—U. S. Geol. Sur- vey, Bull. 323, 49 pp., 1907. 224. Chemical analyses of Missouri coal—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 332, pp. 167, 169, 171, 172, 1908. Lord, N. W., and others. 225. Chemical analyses of Missouri coal with descriptions of mine and field samples collected between July 1, 1904, and June 30, 1910.—U. S. Bur. Mines Bull. 22, pp. 114-124 and 562-581, 1913. Lykins, Wm. -H. R. 226. List of fossils in Kansas City and vicinity—Kansas City Review, vol. 8, pp. 72-77, 1885. Macfarlane, James. : 227. (Coal region of Missouri).—The coal regions of America: their topography, geol- ogy and development. New York, 1873. An account of the Missouri coal region is given on pages 469-477. Malcolmson, C. T. f 228. Briquetting tests of Missouri coal—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 332, p. 173, 1908. Marbut, C. F. 229. Dictionary of altitudes (of Missouri).—Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 8, pp. 225- 316, 1895. . 230. Physical features of Missouri—Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 10, pp. 14-109, pls. 1-11, figs. 1-19, 1896. 231. Geology of the Calhoun sheet (Missouri).—Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 12, pt. 2, pp. 108-191, figs. 7-17, and geologic map and cross section, 1898. 232. Geology of Clinton sheet (Missouri) —Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 12, pt. 2, pp. 20-104, 6 figs., and geologic map and cross section, 1898. 233. Geology of the Huntsville quadrangle, including portions of Randolph, Howard and Chariton counties (Missouri).—Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 12, pt. 2, pp. 312-371, figs. 30-37, and geologic map, 1898. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 389 234. Geology of the Lexington sheet (Missouri).—Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 12, pt. 2, pp. 196-247, figs. 18-23, and geologic map and cross sections, 1898. 235. Geology of the Richmond quadrangle, including portions of Ray and Carroll counties (Missouri)—Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 12, pt. 2, pp. 252-308, figs. 24-29, and geologic map and cross sections, 1898. 236. Geology and physiography (of Missouri).—The State of Missouri, pp. 63-70, illus. (incl. geol. map) 1904. 237. The geology of Morgan County (Missouri).—Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines; vol. 7, 2d ser., 97 pp., 19 pls., 19 figs., (1908). 238. A preliminary report on the general character of the soils and agriculture of the Missouri Ozarks.—Missouri Univ., Coll. Agric., Agric. Exp. Station, Research Bull. no. 3, pp. 151-273, 1 soil map, June, 1910. Marshall, R. B. be 239. Results of spirit leveling in Missouri, 1896 to 1909, inclusive-—U. S. Geol. Sur- vey, Bull. 439, 48 pp., 1 pl., 1911. Marx, C. W. and Schweitzer, Paul. 240. The heating value and proximate analyses of Missouricoals. The University of Missouri Bull., Engineering Experiment Station pericsy vol. 2, no. 1, 1911. Marked ‘‘A reprint.” Original—University of State of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. pp. 1-10, 1 fig. 1901. McChesney, J. H. 241. Description of some new species of fossils from the Palaeozoic rocks of the western states—Extr. Chicago Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. 1, 96 pp., 1859. Describes species from Pennsylvanian of Missouri. McGee, W. J. 242. Notes on the geology of Macon County (Missouri).—St. Louis Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. 5, pp. 305-336, 1888. Meek, F. B. ; 243. Report on Moniteau County.—Geol. Survey Missouri, Ist and 2d Ann. Repts., pt. 2, pp. 95-119, map, 1855. Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H. _ (244. Contributions to the Paleontology of Illinois and other western states.—Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Proc., no. 5, pp. 245-269, 1865. Describes species fon Charbonierre. Meek, F. B. 245. Report on the paleontology of eastern Nebraska, with some remarks on the Carboniferous rocks of that district—Rept. of the U. S. Geol. Survey of Nebraska and portions of the adjacent territories, by F. V. Hayden, pp. 81- 245, pls. 1-11, 1872. 246. Miller, Morgan and Saline counties——Geol. Survey Missouri, Report 1855- 1871, pp. 111-188, map, plates, 1873. Meinzer, O. E., see Norton, Hendrixon, Simpson, Meinzer and others. Miller, S. A., and Gurley, Wm. F. E. 247. Description of some new genera and species of Echinodermata from the coal measures and sub-Carboniferous rocks of Indiana, Missouri, and Iowa.—Ind. Dept. Geol. and Nat. Hist., 16th Rept., pp. 327-378, 1889. Describes fossils from Pennsylvanian of Missouri. 248. Description of some new genera and species of Echinodermata from the coal measures and sub-Carboniferous rocks of Indiana, Missouri, and Iowa.—Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour. vol. 13, pp. 3-25, pls. 1-4, 1890-91. Describes fossils from Pennsylvanian of Missouri. Miller, S. A., and Faber, C. 249. Description of some sub-Carboniferous and Carboniferous Cephalopoda,— Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour., vol. 15, pp. 164-168, 1892. Describes fossils from Pennsylvanian at Kansas City, 390 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Miller, S. A. 250. Paleontology.—Ind. Dept. Geol. and Nat. Hist., 17th Ann. Rept., pp. 611- 705, pls. 1-20, 1892. Describes fossils from Pennsylvanian of Missouri. Miller, S. A., and Gurley, Wm. F. E. 251. New and interesting species of Paleozoic fossils.—IIIl. State Mus. Nat. Hist., Bull. no. 7, 89 pp. pls. 1-5, 1895. Describes fossils from Pennsylvanian of Missouri. 252. New species of crinoids, cephalopods, and other Paleozoic fossils.—Ill. State Mus. Nat. Hist., Bull. no. 12, 69 pp., 5 pls., 1897. Describes fossils from Pennsylvanian of Missouri. Mining and Mineral items (Eng. and Min. Jour.) 253. Coal in Missouri.—vol. 1, p. 54. 254. Coal in Missouri—vol. 2, pp. 257, 280, 343. 255. Coal measures of the southwest.—vol. 8, p. 405. 256. Coal mine near Knob Noster, vol. 26, p. 9, 1878. 257. Rich Hill Coal Company.—vol. 40, p. 27. 258. Coal in Lafayette and in Vernon counties, vol. 43, p. 245, 1887. 259. Higginsville coal for coke.—vol. 44, p. 63, 1887. 260. Coal at Butler, Bates County.—vol. 44, p. 246, 1887. 261. Coal at Urich, Henry County, vol. 44, p. 402, 1888. 262. Coal at Stanberry, Gentry County.—vol. 49, p. 622, 1891. Minor, Jesse, see Babcock and Minor. Moldenke, Richard. 263. Cupola tests on coke made from Missouri coal.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 332, p. 168, 1908. 264. Cupola tests on coke from Missouri coal.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 336, pp. 66, 69, 70, 72, 74, 1908. Nason, F. L. 265. Iron ores of Missouri.—Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 2, pp. 1-365, 1892. Nickles, J. M., and Bassler, R.’S. 266. Synopsis of American fossil Bryozoa, including bibliography and synonymy.— U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 173, 663 pp., 1900. Nickles, J. M. 267. Bibliography of North American geology for 1908, with subject index.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 409, 148 pp., 1909. 268. Bibliography of North American geology for 1909, with subject index.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 444, 174 pp., 1910. F 269. Bibliography of North American geology for 1910, with subject index.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 495, 179 pp., 1911. Nickles, J. M., see Weeks and Nickles. Norton, W. H., Hendrixon, W. S., Simpson, H. E., Meinzer, O. E., and others. 270. Underground water resources of Iowa.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Water-Supply Paper 293, 994 pp., 1912. Also published in Iowa Geol. Survey, vol. 21, 1912. Contains matter pertaining to the geology of the northern border of Missouri. Norwood, C. J. 271. List of fossils from coal measures of Missouri, collected in 1877.—Missouri Geol. Survey, Report, 1872, pt. 2, pp. 416-421, 1873. 272. Putnam and Schuyler counties——Geol. Survey Missouri, Rept., 1873-74, vol. 1, pp. 272-302, 1874. 273. Coal measures (Jasper County).—Geol. Survey Missouri, Rept., 1873-74, vol. 1, pp. 92-96, 1874. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 391 274. Coal measures (Howard County).—Geol. Survey Missouri, Rept., 1873-74, vol. 1, pp. 201-221, 1874. 275. Coal measures (Vernon County).—Geol. Survey Missouri, Rept., 1873-74, vol. 1, pp. 139-154, 1874. Norwood, J. G., and Pratten, H. 276. Notice of the Producti found in the western states and territories, with descrip- tions of twelve new species.—Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Jour. (2), vol. 3, pp. 5-22, pls. 1-2, 1855. Describes species from Pennsylvanian of Missouri. 277. Notice of the genus Chonetes as found in the western states and territories, with descriptions of eleven new species.—Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Jour. (2), vol. 3, pp. 23-32, pl. 2, 1855. Describes species from Pennsylvanian of Missouri. Owen, David Dale. 278. Report of a geological survey of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota, and, incident- ally, of a portion of Nebraska Territory, xxxviii, 638 pp., geological maps, plates, 1852. Gives sections along Missouri River, and defines coal field boundary, page 99. 279. Catalogue of geological specimens collected by D. D. Owen.—Smithsonian Report for 1854, pp. 393-396, 1855. Parker, E. W. 280. Coal production in Missouri in 1889-1890.—Min. Res. U. S. for 1889 and 1890, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 147, 170, 226-228, 1892. 281. Coal production in Missouri in-1891.—Min. Res. U. S. for 1891, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 180 et seq., 261-268, 1893. 282. Coal production in Missouri in 1892—Min. Res. U. S. for 1892, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 267 et seq., 423-424, 1893. 283. Coal production in Missouri in 1893.—Min. Res. U. S. for 1893, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 190 et seq., 312-320, 1894. 284. Coal production in Missouri in 1894.—U. S. Geol. Survey, 16th Ann. Rept., pt. 3, pp. 7 et seq., 139-144, 1895. j 285. Coal production in Missouri in 1895.—U. S. Geol. Survey, 17th Ann. Rept., pt. 3, pp. 287 et seq., 449-454, 1896. 286. Coal production in Missouri in 1896.—U. S. Geol. Survey, 18th Ann. Rept., pt. 5, pp. 354 et seq., 545-551, 1897. 287. Coal production in Missouri in 1897.—U. S. Geol. Survey, 19th Ann. Rept., pt. 6, pp. 278 et seq., 449-456, 1898. 288. Coal production in Missouri in 1898.—U. S. Geol. Survey, 20th Ann. Rept., pt. 6, pp. 300 et seq., 436-440, 1899. 289. Coal production in Missouri in 1899.—U. S. Geol. Survey, 21st Ann. Rept., pt. 6, pp. 325 et seq., 464-468, 1901. 290. Coal production in Missouri in 1900.—Min. Res. U. S. for 1900., U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 276 et seq., 402-405, 1901. 291. Coal production in Missouri in 1901.—Min. Res. U. S. for 1901, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 287 et seq., 398-403, 1902. 292. Coal production in Missouri in 1902.—Min. Res. U. S. for 1902, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 293 et seq., 392-395, 1903. 293. Coal production in Missouri in 1903.—Min. Res. U. S. for 1903, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 353 et seq., 480-484, 1904. 294. Coal production in Missouri in 1904.—Min. Res. U. S. for 1904, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 385 et seq., 507-512, 1905. 295. Coal production in Missouri in 1905.—Min. Res. U. S. for 1905, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 459 et seq., 625-630, 1906. 296. Coal production in Missouri in 1906.—Min. Res., U. S. for 1906, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 571 et seq., 692-695, 1907. 392 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. 297. Coal production in Missouri in 1907.—Min. Res., U. S. for 1907, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 13 et seq., 145-149, 1908. 298. Coal production in Missouri in 1908.—Min. Res., U. S. for 1908, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 15 et seq., 134-138, 1909. 299. Coal production in Missouri in 1909.—Min. Res. U. S. for 1909, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 14 et seq., 135-138, 1911. 300. Coal production in Missouri in 1910.—Min. Res. U. S. for 1910, U. S. Geol. Sur- vey, pp. 13 et seq., 151-154, 1911. 301. Coal production in Missouri in 1911.—Min. Res. U. S. for 1911, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 14 et seq., 149-152, 1912. 302. Coal production in Missouri in 1912.—Min. Res. U. S. for 1912, U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 10 et seq., 144-147, 1913. Parker, E. W., and Burrows, J. S. 303. Field work on Missouri coal samples collected for the fuel testing plant at St. ; Louis.—U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 332, pp. 167, 169, 170, 172, 1908. Phillips, J. Van C., 304. Geology of the west.—Kansas City Review, vol. 1, pp. 488-491, 1877-78. Potter, W. B. 305. Geology of Lincoln County (Missouri).—Geol. Suryey Missouri Report, 1872, pt. 2, pp. 217-289, 1873. Pratt, Jeoe, 306. Briquetting tests of Missouri coal. —U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 261, pp. 147, 160, 168, 1905. : 307. Briquetting tests of Missouri coal.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. ee 48, pt. 3, p- 1445, 1906. Pratten, H., see Norwood and Pratten. Prime, Frederick, Jr. 308. Missouri coal field—The coal of the United States, U. S. Census Report for 1880, vol. 15, pp. 603-607. One paragraph devoted to Missouri. Randall, D. T. 309. Tests of coal and briquets as fuel for house-heating boilers.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 366, 44 pp., 3 pls., 1908. Ries, Heinrich. 310. The clay working industry in 1896.—U. S. Geol. Survey, 18th Ann. Rept., pt. 5 (cont.), pp. 1105-1168, 1897. Rogers, A. F. 311. New bryozoans from the coal measures of Kansas and Missouri—Kans. Univ. Quart., vol. 9, pp. 1-12, pls. 1-4; 1900. 312. Occurrence of the bryozoan genus Rhabdomeson in America.—Kans. Univ. Quart., vol. 9, pp. 173-174, figs. 1-3, 1900. 313. Some new species of Cyclus from the coal measures—Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull., vol. 1, pp. 42-48, 1 pl., 1902. Describes species from Pennsylvanian of Missouri. Rogers, A. F., see Beede and Rogers. Rogers, H. D. 314. Iowa and Missouri coal fields——Geology of Pennsylvanian, Final Rept., vol. 2, pp. 964-967, 1858. Rowley, R. R, 315. The Keokuk limestone and the coal measures of Pike Co., Mo.—Kansas City Scientist, vol. 5, pp. 26-27, 1891. 316. The geology of Pike County (Missouri).—Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, yol. 7, 2d ser., 122 pp., 20 pls., 13 figs. (1908). - BIBLIOGRAPHY. . 393 St. John, O., and Worthen, A. H. 317. Description of fossil fishes * * * from the Carboniferous formations of the United States.—Illinois Geol. Survey, vol. 7, pp. 52-264, pls. 1-26, 1883. Sampson, F. A. 318. A bibliography of the geology of Missouri—Geol. Survey Missouri, Bull. 2, 158 pp., xviii, 1890. Schuchert, Charles. 319. A synopsis of American fossil Brachiopoda, including bibliography and synon- ymy.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 87, 464 pp., 1 pl., 1897. Scudder, S. H. : 320. Older fossil insects west of the MississippiBoston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc., vol. " 22, p. 58, 1882-87. This contains a notice of a hemipterous insect from Kansas City. 321. A classified and annotated bibliography of fossil insects—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 69, 101 pp., 1890. 322. Index to the known fossil insects of the world, including myriopods and arach- nids.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 71, 744 pp., 1891. 323. Revision of the American fossil cockroaches, with descriptions of new forms.— U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 124, 176 pp., 12 pls., 1895. Describes five species from Pennsylvanian of Missouri. Schrader, F. C., and Haworth, E. 324. Economic geology of the Independence quadrangle, Kansas.—U. S. Geol. Sur- vey, Bull. 296, 74 pp., 6 pls., 1906. Contains geologic map of southwest Missouri. Schrader, F. C. 325. Description of the Independence quadrangle, Kansas.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Geol. Atlas U.S., folio 159, 7 pp., 2 figs., 3 maps, and section sheet, 1908. Schweitzer, Paul, see Marx and Schweitzer. Sellards, E. H. 326. Fossil plants of the Upper Paleozoic of Kansas.—Kansas Univ. Geol. Survey, vol. 9, pp. 386-480, pls. 44-69, 1908. Shepard, E. M. 327. A report on Greene County (Missouri).—Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 12, pt. 1, pp. 15-245, 5 pls., 1 fig., and geologic map, 1898. 328. Wells of Missouri (in Contributions to hydrology of eastern United States, 1903, Myron L. Fuller, Geologist in charge).—U. S. Geol. Survey, Water Supply Paper 102, pp. 389-440, 1904. 329. Table of geological formations.—Drury Coll., Bradley Field Geol. Sta. Bull., vol. 1, pp. 41-42, 1904. ; 330. Key to the rocks and geological horizons of Greene County (Missouri)—Drury Coll., Bradley Geol. Field Sta., Bull., vol. 1, pp. 53-57, 1904. 331. Wells of Missouri—U. S. Geol. Survey, Water Supply Paper 114, pp. 209-219, 1905. Discusses briefly the coal measures of Missouri. 332. Underground waters of Missouri, their geology and utilization—U. S. Geol. Survey, Water Supply Paper 195, 224 pp., 6 pls., 6 figs., 1907. General discussion of Pennsylvanian of Missouri. Shumard, B. F. 333. St. Louis County.—Geol. Survey Missouri, Ist and 2d Ann. Repts., pp. 169- 184, map, 1855. 334. Paleontology—Geol. Survey Missouri, 1st and 2d Ann. Repts., pp. 185-208, pls. 1-3, 1855. Describes Pennsylvanian species from Missouri, 394 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Shumard, B. F., and Swallow, G. C. 335. Descriptions of the new fossils from the coal measures of Missouri and Kansas.— St. Louis Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. 1, pp. 198-229, 1858. Describes species from Pennsylvanian of Missouri. Shumard, B. F. 336. (On oil springs in Missouri).—St. Louis Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. 2, pp. 263-264, (14 p.), 1868. Mentions oil springs in Ray and Carroll counties. 337. Ozark, Douglas, Wright, Laclede, Pulaski, Phelps, Crawford, Cape Girardeau, Perry, Ste. Genevieve, Jefferson and Clark counties——Geol. Survey, Mis- souri, Repts., 1855-71, pp. 189-323, map, plates, 1873. Siebenthal, C. E., see Smith and Siebenthal. Simpson, H. E., see Norton, Hendrixon, Simpson, Meinzer and others. Smith, A. F., see Ball and Smith. Smith, G. L. 338. The Carboniferous section of southwestern Iowa.—Iowa Geol. Survey, vol. 19, pp. 605-657, 1909. Gives sections and correlations of Missouri formations. Smith, J. P. 339. The Carboniferous ammonoids of America.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Mon. 42, 211 pp., 29 pls., 1903. Smith, W. S. Tangier, and Siebenthal, C. E. 340. Description of the Joplin district (Missouri-Kansas).—U. S. Geol. Survey, Geol. Atlas U. S., folio 148, 20 pp., 13 figs., 3 maps, mine map and illustration sheets, 1907. Stammler, F. W. 341. Coking tests of Missouri coal—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 261, pp. 126, 130, 1905. 342. Coking tests of Missouri coal——U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 48, pt. 3, pp. 1351-1353, 1906. Swallow, G. C. 343. Second Report, Geology of Missouri.—Geol. Survey Missouri, lst and 2d Ann. Repts., pp. 59-170, plates, 1855. Gives a section of upper, middle and lower coal measures. 344. Scientific geology of Cooper County.—Geol. Survey Missouri, Ist and 2d Ann. Repts., pp. 186-203, map, 1855. 345. Scientific geology of Marion County.—Geol. Survey Missouri, Ist and 2d Ann. Repts., pp. 171-185, 1855. 346. Geology of the southwest.—Geol. Survey Missouri, Ist and 2d Ann. Repts., pp. 204-207, plate, 1855. Discusses briefly lower coal measures. 347. Explanations of the geological map of Missouri, and a section of its rocks.— Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Proc., vol. 2, pt. 2, pp. 1-21, 1857. Discusses area and fossils of coal measures. 348. Geological report of the line of the southwestern branch of the Pacific Railroad in Missouri, 93 pp., map, St. Louis, 1859. ; 349. Descriptions of new fossils from the Carboniferous and Devonian of Missouri.— St. Louis Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. 1, pp. 635-660, 1860. Describes species from the Pennsylvanian of Missouri. 350. (Fifth) Report of Progress, Geological Survey. By G. C. Swallow. (Dec. 30, 1860. For 1859-60). Appendix to the Journals, 1st Session, Twenty-first General Assembly, 1860. Jefferson City, pp. 521-533, 1861. Brief discussion of the coal deposits of the State. 351. Description of some new fossils from the Carboniferous and Devonian of Mis- souri.—St. Louis Acad. Sci., Trans. vol. 2, pp. 81-100, 1863. Describes species from Pennsylvanian of Missouri. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 395 352. Some new varieties of Spirifer lineatus, Martin; Spirifer cameratus, Martin; Spirifer Kentuckensis, Shumard; Spirifer Leidyi, Norwood and Pratten; Spirifer increbescens, Hall, and Spirifer Keokuk, Hall.—St. Louis Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. 2, pp. 408-410, 1866. 353. Prel. Rept. Geol. Survey of Kansas, 199 pp., 1866. Includes sections of rocks in eastern Kansas and incidental references to adjoining regions in Missouri. 354. Geological report of the country along the line of the Southwest Pacific Railroad, Missouri, 153 pp., map, New York, 1867. 355. Remarks on the geological map of Missouri—Am. Assoc. Ady. Sci., Proc., vol. 20, pp. 262, 1871. Says map shows 27,000 sq. mi. of coal measures, containing at least 20 coal beds, one at least of the block-coal. 356. Geological sketch of the State of Missouri, illustrated by maps, 10 pp. Large 4°, St. Louis, 1873. Swallow, G. C., see Shumard and Swallow, Taylor, R. C. 357. (Coal in Missouri).—Statistics of coal. The geographical and geological distri- bution of mineral combustibles or fossil coal, etc., Phil., pp. 169-171, 1848, 2d edition, pp. 484-487, 1855. Tilton, J. L. 358. The proper use of the geological name, ‘‘Bethany’’.—lIowa Acad. Sci. Proc., vol. 20, pp. 207-211, 1914. Ulrich, E. O. 359. American Palaeozoic Bryozoa.—Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour., vol. 7, pp. 24-51, pls. 1-8, 1884. Ulrich, E. O., and Bassler, R. S. ° 360. New American Paleozoic Ostracoda. Notes and descriptions of upper Car- boniferous genera and species.—U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc., vol. 30, pp. 149-164, pl. 11, 1906. Van Horn, F. B. 361. The geology of Moniteau County (Missouri) —Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines, 2d ser., vol. 3, pp. 10-104, 13 pls., 25 figs., 1905. Vodges, A. W. 362. A bibliography of Paleozoic Crustacea from 1698 to 1889, including a list of North American species and a systematic arrangement of genera.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 63, 166 pp., 1890. Weeks, F. B. 363. Bibliography of North American geology, paleontology, petrology, and miner- alogy for the years 1892-1900, inclusive-—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 188, 717 pp., 1902. 364. Index to North American geology, paleontology, petrology, and mineralogy for the years 1892-1900 inclusive-—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 189, 337 pp., 1902. 365. North American geologic formation names. Bibliography, synonymy, and’ distribution.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 191, 448 pp., 1902. 366. Bibliography and index of North American geology for the years 1901-1905, inclusive.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 301, 770 pp., 1906. Weeks, F. B., and Nickles, J. M. 367. Bibliography of North American geology for the years 1906 and 1907, with subject index.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 372, 317 pp., 1909. Weller, Stuart. 368. A bibliographic index of North Ameridan Carboniferous invertebrates.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 153, 653 pp., 1898. 396 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SERIES. Wheeler, H. A. 369. Clay deposits (Missouri).—Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 11, 622 pp., 39 pls., 15 figs., 1896. Gives sections of Pennsylvanian. 370. The fire-clays of Missouri—Am. Inst. Min. Engrs., Trans., vol. 35, pp. 720-734, 1905. White, C. A. 371. Contributions to invertebrate paleontology, no. 8: Fossils from the Carbon- iferous rocks of the interior states. 12th Ann. Rept., U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey for the year 1878, by F. V. Hayden, pp. 155-171, 4 pls., 1883. Describes fossils from upper coal measures at Kansas City and Pleasant Hill. White, David. { 372. Flora of the outlying Carboniferous basins of southwestern Missouri.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 98, 139 pp. pls. 1-5, 1893. 373. A new taeniopteroid fern and its allies—Geol. Soc. Am., Bull. vol. 4, pp. 119- 132, 1893. 374. Age of the lower coals of Henry County, Missouri—Geol. Soc. Am., Bull., vol. 8, pp. 287-304, 1897. 375. Omphaloploios, a new Lepidodendroid type.—Geol. Soc. Am., Bull., vol. 9, pp. 329-342, pls. 20-23, 1898. 376. Fossil flora of the lower coal measures of Missouri—U. S. Geol. Survey, Mon. 37, 467 pp., 73 pls., 1899. White, David, see Adams, Girty and White. Wick, J. D. 377. Washing tests of Missouri coal—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 261, pp. 64, 65, 70, 71, 1905. 378. Washing tests of Missouri coal.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 48, pt. 3, p. 1471, 1906. Williams, Albert, Jr. 379. Coal production in Missouri in 1882.—Min. Res. U. S. for 1882, U. S. Geol. Sur- vey, pp. 4 et seq., 60-61, 1883. Williams, H. S. 380. Correlation papers.—Devonian and Carboniferous.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. 80, 279 pp., 1891. Willis, Bailey. 381. Index to the stratigraphy of North America, accompanied by a geologic map of North America compiled by the United States Geological Survey in co-opera- tion with the Geological Survey of Canada and the Instituto Geolégico de México, under the supervision of Bailey Willis and G. W. Stose—U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 71, 894 pp., 1 pl., 1912. Winslow, Arthur. : 382. Notes on the coal beds of Lafayette County.—Geol. Survey Missouri, Bull. 1, pp. 14-21, 1890. ; 383. A preliminary report on the coal deposits of Missouri—Missouri Geol. Survey, pp. 19-226, with 131 illustrations, 1891. 384. Geology and Mineral Products of Missouri—Missouri at the World’s Fair (Official publication of the World’s Fair Commission of Missouri) St. Louis, Woodward and Tiernan Printing Co., 1893. Discusses the coal resources and coal production of Missouri. 885. The coal measures of Missouri.—U. S. Geol. Survey, Min. Res., 1892, pp. 429- 436, 1893. 886. The mapping of Missouri.—St. Louis Acad. Sci., Trans., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 59- 99, 1893. 887. The Missouri coal measures and the conditions of their deposition.—Geol. Soc. Am., Bull., vol. 3, pp. 109-121, sketch map and seven sections, 1893. | BIBLIOGRAPHY. 397 388. The Coal Measures (of southwest Missouri).—Missouri Geol. Survey, Lead and ' Zinc Deposits of Missouri, vol. 7, pp. 421-425, pls. 15-17, 1894. 389. The geologic history of Missouri—Am. Geologist, vol. 15, pp. 81-89, 1895. 390. A report on the Higginsville sheet, Lafayette County (Missouri).—Missouri Geol. Survey, vol. 9, Sheet Reports 1-4, 1896. Also issued as folio in 1892. Worthen, A. H., see Meek and Worthen. -§ a - ers eo o INDEX. Page Acknowledgements.................5. XII Adair County, Cherokee shale in...... 54 Henrietta formation in............. 70 Kansas City formation in........... 153 Pleasanton formation in............ 87 sandstone near Millard in........... 104 Adrian, section southwest of.......... 78 Agency, section south of.......... 159, 174 Amazonia limestone, description of..... 170 SECM Bit, coteoane oneapno no Boe ano 179 SER MODMMOLUN OLe «ese escc)+ @ eycie sane 180 SERMOMLWESD! Offre 5.5.4.2 210: c.c es) = seve «aus 181 Ambocoelia lobata, description of....... 351 Andrew County, Douglas formation in 178 Kansas City formation in........... 139 Shawnee formation in.............. 187 Appanoose County, Iowa, sectionin... 72 formation, section of, in Appanoose County LOWay. Was sci s net eae 72 Area of Pennsylvanian rocks.......... 1 Astartella compacta, description of...... 354 Atchison County section.............. 196 Shawnee formation in............ 190 Wabaunsee formation in.......... 190 Kansas, Henrietta formation at...... 74 BEGUI OWE Abit ¥-nicreieh ete. sueizicceys seins ae 176 Audrain County, Cherokee shale in.... 59 Henrietta formation in............. 72 Avonia, genus, definition of........... 344 Avonia, genus, North American species of 349 Axzophyllum cylindricum, description of. 310 Axophyllum, genus, discussion of...... 308 Axophyllum infundibulum, discussion of. 312 Axophyllum rude, discussion of........ 312 Axzophyllum ? sp. A., description of.... 314 Axophyllum ? sp. B., description of.... 314 Azophyllum ? sp. C., description of..... 315 Axzophyllum ? sp. D., description of.... 315 Axophyllum ? sp. E., description of.... 316 Axophyllum ? sp. F., description of..... 316 Barton County, Cherokee shale in..... 42 Henrietta formation in............. 62 section of Cherokee shale in......... 43 -Bates County, Cherokee shale in...... 44 Fort Scott limestone in............. 64 Henrietta formation in............. 63 Kansas City formation in........... 119 MEAP BELOISM ALG: «21 jeyeiei coves evasevs oes leu 63 Pawnee limestone in............... 63 Pleasanton formation in............ 77 section of Henrietta formation in.... 65 Pleasanton formation shown in drill- AOE Mea IVECL WAM 2.2) =o! aie eile 77 structures in Cherokee shale of...... 46 Batostomella, genus, discussion of..... 323 Page Batostomella greeniana, description of... 326 Batostomella greeniana, var. regularis, GESCrip ton NOfer ereasicisieteee teenie 329 Batostomella (?) polyspinosa, discussion Batostomella sp. A., description of...... 339 Bethany Falls limestone, definition of.. 25 Bethany Falls limestone, description of. 117 SIGH Miisoscososaabonabonoonbeand 147 ab SDSLLY, QUALLY, AU niles sue = es 148 OHUWAUW Ea sictondocaopdooadaccesd 150 SOHN Oks hic conn macooud ) oosH ods 148 three miles southeast of.......... 151 Berlin, log of core drilling at.......... 248 laisvale Gop Af) Oinagaocachooqenaon00[ 41 correlation of, with Illinois coals..... 261 IBiblOera DH yrarcreccnciecetoreicccre isto eee 377 Birmingham, section at............... 127 Blaylock’s bridge, northwest of Milan, BECLIONFAU tercus -tepauaeneher stole fevers iorvareteaeiels 85 Blue Mound region, section in......... 133 Board of Managers...........-.--+-. II Boone County, channel sandstone near EVA swale yin sistcyenecsveresesiere eieieesiee coils 103 Cherokeejshalehinwerreiie eerie 56 section of Cherokee shale in......... 57 Boynton, section near.......,.......- 86 Sullivan County, sandstone near..... 104 Breckenridge, section Breckenridge Stone OO) CMETAT Scoop toe doco ceonacnoood 135 Broadhead, G. C. divisions of Pennsyl- vanian proposed by.......... 13eww4s 15 work of, on Missouri Pennsylvanian. 11 Browning, section near............... 84 Brunswick, channel sandstone near.... 105 Buchanan County, Douglas formation in 173 Kansas City formation in........... 134 Lansing formation in............... 159 Pleasanton formation in............ 90 Wabaunsee formation in............ 186 Bucklin, section northwest of.......... 70 Bulimorpha minuta, discussion of...... 362 Buxtonia, genus, definition of......... 345 Buxtonia, genus, North American species Dis cdnooats copes aacue ovo aoeonUe sar 349 Cainesville, section at...............- 151 Caldwell County, Henriettaformationin 74 Kansas City formation in........... 134 Lansing formation in............... 163 Pleasanton formation in............ 81 Calhoun shale, definition of........... 33 descrip tionyotiersty ct cre canoe 184 Callaway County, Cherokee shale in... 58 Henrietta formation in............ sn 0 section of Cherokee shale in......... 58 (899) 400 INDEX. Page Page Cameron, section shown by core drilling Cherokee shale, in Macon County..... 52 CAnd GIA AG cinmaco nota aso mnetes oo oon 137 Randolph County............ - 52 PUA NG) a Seen se Seeciceion a komen c 162 Vernon’ Oounty..c;1. 2 = s/s eee 43 Campophyllum torquium, discussion of.. 320 table showing fauna of........... 268 Carboniferous, divisions of............ 1 thickness Of;.< <<)... sl «ate =< dean 39 Carroll County, Cherokee shale in..... 51 | Cherryvale shale, definition of....... ava een Henrietta formation in............. 68 description of 2).42..< 22s oslaeeeee wich aune Kansas City formation in........... 133 | Christian County, sandstone in....... - 106 Pleasanton formation in........... . 80 | Clark County, Cherokee shale in..... . 55 section of Henrietta formation in.... 69 | Clay County, Douglas formation in.... 171 Cass County, Henrietta formation in... 66 Henrietta formation in............. 74 Kansas City formation in........... 121 Kansas City formation in........... 126 Pleasanton formation in............ 78 | Clay County, Lansing formation in.... 156 section of Henrietta formation shown Pleasanton formation in............ 90 by. drilling in: sc25 sie eee eee 66 section of upper part of Lansing forma- Channel sandstone (see Sandstone, channel). tion IMs 5). oi shan ara ee . 158 Chanute shale, definition of........... 27 | Clay, occurrence of, in Pennsylvanian. . 9 description: of i. oe ee ie ate te terrane 118 | Clinton County, Douglas formation in . 173 Chariton County, Cherokee shalein.... 51 Henrietta formation in............. 74 Henrietta formation in............. 69 Lansing formation in............... 160 Kansas City formation in........... 134 | Coal, character of, in Pennsylvanian. . ; 9 Pleasanton formation in............ 90 correlation of lower beds of, in Chero- Sandstone ince eiiereaeicicie me iselsieieite 105 kee (shale... \ sacse = eras 46 of.. AOR Oke de oc atn/n ais SUES Howard 'Gounty=. 2... oe ee 56 | Cora, partion southwest of........... 84 Lafayette County.............. 50 | Correlation of basal members of Kan- Livingston County............. 51 sas City formation......>...... aaa DO Macon’ County eis, sieve sls SANS ie Diahe eke ome 169 section in southwest part of......... 145 Drainage of Pennsylvanian area....... 3 | Gonioloboceras parrishi, discussion of... 364 Drift plains, location of.............. 4 | Goniospira, genus, description of....... 356 GA ICKMESS 1 OL aes acsis hevena wile ei ees e nie e ab 5 | Goniospira lasallensis, discussion of..... 356 Drum limestone, definition of......... 26 | Grahams mill, section at... .... eaagsysy~ = 82 GeseniptioniOfce gery seis solets share 118 | Graydon Springs sandstone, definition of 17 dwarf! faimaOf. arc ee. < heace es 279 | Green City, section of Pleasanton forma- Duncan's bridge, Monroe County, chan- LONG OLLNG Ole ertaepancasie se ntat eerec 86 nel sandstone near................. 103 Greene County, sandstone in......... 106 Dwarf fauna of Drum limestone........ 279 | Grundy County, Pleasantonformationin 83 Elmira, section near.............. 133, 195 | Halloween Store, section near.......... 139 TTD TR EUG ee Ov ee ORS ee a ce 132 | Halls Station, section east of.......... 175 one mile south Of. ............0.065 132 | Hallsville, Boone county, channel sand- Elmo coal, occurrence of......... 185, 196 MAME G6 boonoconbAdcen se eoaneu 103 -Escarpments, occurrence of........... 4 Harrison county, Henriettaformationin 75 preglacial, occurrence of............ 5 Kansas City formation in........... 146 Excelsior Springs, section at........... 131 Lansing formation in............... 169 Farley limestone, occurrence of........ 155 Pleasanton formation in............ 89 section of, north of Waldron...... 157 | Hawn, Maj. F., work of, on Missouri section southeast of................ 172 TG RAN GENS Joes hen dtoneasbanpoo 10 Faults in Pennsylvanian.............. 205 | Hemizyga dubia, description of........ 361 Faunal collections, number and horizons Hemizyga elegans, description of....... 362 Oils sa 55 55 GH Se AO SS EE Tene ee 263 | Hemizyga grandicostata, description of.. 362 Faunal collections, register of localities of 364 | Hemizyga, subgenus, description of.... 361 Fauna of Cherokee shale.............. 267 | Henrietta formation at Forest City.... 74 Douglas formation................. 292 Leavenworth, Kansas............ 74 RVD ISO WEG 6 orc. 5 5 a bees ole nselew es 292 CIEREGN Wiss 50060 Combe cu oe anDOo 38 Henrietta formation................ 269 GiAnONLOiGer anon enbon aos oe hanno 19 table showing................... 272 Gist UtIONIO Lace escwueletateosietare ars = hist sis 61 Kansas City formation............. 278 TE AEMON 6 Some gb. coe Moca aa co 269 table SHOWING’. 2... 66sec eee 282 InwA daine County amir ecco rie ei = 70 Lansing formation................. 283 Audram\ (County: ~ .2- <<. 2/4 - << = ace 72 AIO SHOWERS... 2 ce. eae wea vince aidan 283 Barton, County... ..----+-.5-.--« 62 Pennsylvanian series, table showing.. 302 Babess Coun bye cietecpersiact <=) srerciske. =< 63 Pleasanton formation.............. 274 Boone! Counby7ceceyescte are eis) s sbos eos 72 EAP OIS HOWE ares sscisie cha ees = spate 276 Caldwell County................. 74 Shawnee formation................ 296 Callaway County................ 72 table!SHOWINE S23 coche ee cece ee 298 Carroll: County. 4. sto cea eter 68 Wabaunsee formation.............. 301 Cassi oun ey orn see aetna note eee cis 66 table showing. 2... ..0....-..00008% 301 Chariton County... eee ee oO Me) Fistulipora zonata, description of....... 322 ‘Clintons County. se ese = 74 Forest City diamond drill hole, log of.. 215 (Cina? bine oadeononanen todo 74 Henrietta formation at............. 74 Harrison County................ 75 ECHO Ab iis. < x10 alarsicente slates "188, 189 Henry, County-so cei en keen 65 402 INDEX. Henrietta formation in— Page Page Howard County..........-....... 72 | Iatan limestone, definition of.......... 30 Jackson County.......-....+..++- G8.) Mlustrations....inc os.0cesc sete eee VIIL Johnson County.....-.-....+..+. 67 | Tola limestone, definition of.......... aos Lafayette County...........<.... 68 description of 119 Linn:Gounty: see oe 68 Pleasanton formation in............ 78 SullivaniCounty...45)-- eee eee 70 Kansas City formation in.......... . 122 Vernon|County..-c--e ee eee 62 section of Cherokee shale in........ » 49 lithological character of............. 61 Henrietta formation shown in shaft MOMDENS! OF, 3 .:<.ciolerssecae oalorer sree 20 at/Sutherland....: <5. cs eheene Sec BY, occurrence of limestone in.......... 61 | Joints in Pennsylvanian.............. 206 Sandstone In Seretaie ce oes ee > 61 Kansas City formation, characteristics EIGEN EE SS Aan Ae onr, COO AT 61 1) CEC AI AMO NGF to . 116 section of, at Unionville............ 71 correlation of basal members of.... 150 east of Youngstown.............. 70 lower partof.: 2.0... es neon =o te in Bates County........ Soe ae 65 definition ‘of: .«:. 3.36. eee Sioa: Garroll:Cotinty.2 oe cca eee 69 fauna ors. oe Soe eee Sate siesnyayate 278 Henry'County.. eee 65 in Adair Gounty..-....tse eee «abs: Howard! County... wees see es eek: Andrew County............. . 139 inn County -iseice ae eee tere 70 Bates County................ 119 Randolph County.............. 73 Buchanan eke “alee -Vamiete 134 Randolph and Howard counties 73 Caldwell County........... Woe kt near Fort Scott, Kansas.......... 63 Carroll County.............. 133 northwest of Bucklin............. 70 Cass County...... ote bits atctlel ae eee shown by drilling in Cass County... 66 Chariton County............. 134 shown in shaft in Johnson County.. 67 Clay County..... eee ceue ekg eee WESHIOL Tina ce ratio ce) soles sieiciete retake 68 DeKalb County.............. 139 subdivisions of............ Aneooace. Gentry County.............. 146 table showing fauna of............. 272 Grundy County............ pent! thickness of. 2 ch Sic ee ecto ote e teers 62 Harrison County.......... Aa a at Pleasant Hill. cos. cece eee sete 66 Holt County: 2. ceiceceaae ete 139 Henry county, Cherokee shale in...... 46 Jackson County......... coven Lee coals, correlations of, with Appalachi- Johnson County.......... --. 122 an coals. 2... pdonboooomooCOot 261 Lafayette County............ 124 paleobotanical correlations of..... . 259 Linn County <0. <.ceueeee aa ween Henrietta formation in............. 65 Livingston County........... 137 occurrence of Tebo coal in.......... 48 Mercer County.............. 151 Warrensburg sandstone in........ 95 Platte County............¢.- 125 section of Henrietta formation in.... 65 Putnam County.......... BAC alt i Cherokee shale in.............20% 47 Ray County...... 9 Reve e ere JCM AOL Hertha limestone, definition of........ 23 Sullivan County.......... woe BD Gescrip won, Of ior.e cciwia secec ule ere lelorate 116 members of....... ov Sa Cle meena ee Hickory Creek station, section west of.. 144 section of, at Greenton........... 125 Higginsville, Warrensburg sandstone at. 96 at Kansas City........ ee eh Halls Bridge, section at..........6.... 198 table showing fauna of........ «. 2o2 Holden, section of Fort Scott limestone section of Pleasanton formation shown north of. She Ss 68 in shaft at........ 6 6 Sxdte shoge hae ann Holt County, Dowels formation in. 178 table showing character of sediments Kansas City formation in..... dieses 139 BGR. cee Soin (0) evevara een coe) Shawnee formation in.............. 187 | Kanwaka shale, definition of. = otto cease eae Wabaunsee formation in............ 187 description Of. ...:. ...nee eee wv.» Saher wien Holt, section near............. .130, 159 | Keyes, C. R., divisions of Pennsylvanian Howard County, Cherokee shale in.. 56 DPIOPOsEG HY. ws. sa Sate e en Cem nn a | Henrietta formation in........... 72 | Labette shale, definition of............ 21 Pleasanton formation in. Senora Ce in Bates county........ oo in as SIO nae sandstone near Glasgow in........ 105 | Ladore shale, definition of............ 25 section of Henrietta formation in.. 73 description. of 3). sc. wae’ eee ete oeliv limestone, definition of............. 33 | Lafayette County. Cherokee shale .n... 50 OCCUITENCE OF 0... cece estecnus AGO Henrietta formation in............. 68 INDEX. 403 Lafayette Caunty— Page Page Kansas City formation in........... 124 | Log of core drilling at Merwin........ 246 Pleasanton formation in............ 80 DRiaiyibOwialmaccrseusieses seers ons ecicte duane Pas 244 Lane shale, definition of.......... aS MEP PEE RON win olsg SOO ead oo OO Ua oe 252 MESCHIp UONWOL-wvsrrerasicisis setele atetere rss 155 OMIA, OP IPAQ. s5accscccccasc0 250 Langdon, section southeast of......... 197 LoMBOLESt GTi yeas swayed cas deter etoosi ye a= 215 Lansing formation, characteristics of... 155 | Lophophyllum alleni, discussion of...... 317 CITA). Om oo migloo Go Uo. cist ao ODO uu 28 | Lophophyllum distortum, discussion of.. 318 CEG OF 6auga0osadegoo oo vedo 155 | Macon County, channel sandstone near AUT OLisreysia ch cystic ttcg er eisbaeanaee save arses te 283 Wack tis Soacso0g0acodnd0o0Kda in Buchanan County............... 159 Cherokee shale in Caldwell County................. 163 Henrietta formation in............. 70 Clays@ounty tare ee re ie ee section of Cherokee shale in......... 52 Clinton County Marbut. C. F., work of, on Missouri Daviess County 1AM RAK ANUEI NS cao bo docgneouCGeoCOD 11 DeKalb County Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Gani COMMU ia 6encndogesocsH oun Ce GutoinOel ins boogonodenooDDeUODd 350 lElzydaisorn (COinhy~yos benoqouscedans 169 | Maryville, log of core drilling at....... 239 Jerakeia Obyilinpesudsscoooeasedos 156 section southwest of................ 193 Platte County Maysville, section near............ 163, 164 SPR YE @OOUMUY cles aisles sie jie s stele ste MeKissicks Grove, Iowa, section at.... 199 Worth County Meek, F. B., work of, on Missouri section of upper part of, in Platte and Bennsylvanianer yrs cieisbsiseclelsieveler isis 10 WlayvaCountiestein i. cscs. sie 158 | Melbourne, sandstone near............ 104 table showing fauna of............. 283 SCHON TES Ola oa nooo0coasooo0000o0 147 UIT CKMCSSEO tem spetiecaa tien tps: scyetetepeecn =e ce el 155 | Mercer County, Henrietta formationin. 75 Laredo, sandstone near............... 104 Kansas City formation in........... 151 SEGHLOUNSO UPON OL: taut beyea: =e) cdeiet-\eis + 84 Pleasanton formation in............ 89 Lathrop, section east of.............. 162 | Merwin, log of core drilling at......... 246 four motles/morthiote- «= 2226s. eee = 162 | Milan, section at.................+-: 153 Lawrence shale, definition of.......... 31 FOUL Oso 5cdagccscggcn00anboccUno 154 CESCLIPULONE OL = ee epeciere ie = tse ee 170 two miles west'Of....:.......-.+--- 85 County, sandstone in............... 106 | Millard, Adair County, sandstone near. 104 Leavenworth, Kansas, Henrietta forma- Mill Grove, sandstone near........... 104 HOD Gites tions Arona Poo UU OeOnODOD 74 REGHOM MCE. »coooboaupsconpUNSODe 153 Lecompton limestone, definition of..... 32 | Milton, section near................-. 196 MeESCHIPUIONNOLa,. = crete ccs-tstsis ois swe 184 Missouri group, definition of.......... 22 Leda arata, discussion of.............. 351 GESELIP LION OL pesetersteleteelepeiersielsetenei=ise= 107 Letter of transmittal................. x Gistribubionvofe wei eine litre 107 Liberty Landing, section near......... 127 economic importance of............ 107 section 1 1-2 miles east of........... 12. generalized section of............... 111 3 miles northeast of.............. 129 Ibi ona ogoonabesgusoooouUMd 108 Lima gregaria, discussion of........... 353 lithologic character of............-. 108 Limestone, character of, in Pennsylva- occurrence of coalin............-.. 109 MAD aco bbo po PAD ODOC Ce eI IC Ine 8 SAMASTOMC Mr wetsietelelsi thetic slciartciels 108 in Missouri group...............-.. 108 Shale wimg ee eyo vevsie akakatohencvere evetohetstfeer cite 108 occurrence of, in Cherokee shale..... 38 SUDGivASiONS Of! 3 .cre1a;s bloke cole ee eles 13 occurrence of clay in... .-)...-....+. of occurrence of conglomerate in....... 9 occurrence of, in Ozark region....... 210 occurrence of limestone in.......... 8 occurrence of shale in.............. 8 relations of, to lower formations. .... 2 table showing fauna of............. 302 SUPUGUIO Wika eyayela sain erereree oie wreieie ete ete 202 Subdivislansiope eoieierac cre ais leis ove 6 table of subdivisions of............. 7 showing major subdivisions of.... . 35 GH CRTESS OF a aca seyeet cep stoi ose ee well 1-6 topography of area underlain by..... 2 variation in sediments of........... 8 Physiographic divisions of Missouri... . 4 Physiographic effects of glaciation... .. 5 Plant remains in channel sandstone de- MUSICS 5 Sh aikie sloletessis/e storms aw ae ieee 93 Platte County, Douglas formationin.... 171 Kansas City formation in........... 125 Lansing formation in............... 156 Pleasanton formation in............ 89 section of upper part of Lansing for- WRSGMOUY AN s o:c's oo s.c'dly We Oats Oru nr 158 section of lower part of, near Platts- Ly See MIC I ogc . 160 south of Waldron: 022). as). ./tslalela 158 section southeast of...............6 160 Pleasant- Hill, section at.......... pee beh thickness of Henrietta formation at.. 66 Pleasanton formation at Kansas City, SOCHON OF: /<).tee1paicisia, + +) atlets tein eee 79 character. O85 .5< ... «cles serene 75 Fauna, OF. isis, oye oc 3 <1) sone . 274 in, Adair’Countys..s)..<:. caeateulots iain weet, (4 Bates':Gounty.. «...-... »is enree See 1s Buchanan County............-. ae, 20 Caldwell County... 2... as nse: 81 Carroll County <)- =. 1-161 sto 80 Cass County’... ox issn a)0 ale eaten Seles Chariton: County... «): 5 <0 <<< scenes 90 Clay: County’. ....0 seas 76 table showing fauna of........... -. 276 thickmess' Of. ..r.c..)0)5 «6 nina teleetelene Ae eG unconformity in... . . <<. s0sas sae “ 6 Pleurotomaria persimplex, description of Pockets, occurrence of Cherokee shalein 41 Princeton, log of core drilling south of... 250 Sandstone NEA? . .. <\<\<:. + sraseieiein sl epee 104 section south of... 2. ..cis sine sean - 152 3 miles'south of. ......05.4 05 «ss -. 152 Productus, genus, definition of........ 344 Productus, genus, discussion of..... ... 344 North American species of...... Pe subdivisions ‘of. ... sss ese . 344 Pustula, genus, definition of.......... . 345 North American species of....... ... 348 Pustula semipunctaia, discussion of..... 349 Putnam County, Cherokee shale in.... 54 Henrietta formation in........... py ne Kansas City formation in......... -. 153 Pleasanton formation in........... 87 section of Henrietta formation at COM Vale. ss eb:5 ccna rr tt Quitman coal, occurrence of... . . on patel Leen section at..... wise 's a 2-05 « sneer 186 Weatherby jects crelaeleioyiaiaiale 139, 140,164 | Tebo coal, occurrence of, in Henry County 48 SWGBLONS <\0.<85 15 sioeee nein aeeiemeate 173 | Tecumseh shale, definition of.......... 32 IWiheeling <= wjcfe<,yaccsiciene ersiatene teenie ere 82 description: Of 55s. onsale ole tala seed 184 DWWANSCOMNs on cjercieistoPeteiclicleteterrcieieeiae 143,164 | Thickness of Cherokee shale........ ae Woungstown < .)-)-2 4s ceeceess sees 87,88 Des Moines group..........:...«« 37 Severy shale, definition of............ 33 Douglas formation............... 169 description Of. 6.543.562 52 ests ceecee 185 glacial drift... 26.0.0 «aq cietetee terete 5 Shale, character of Pennsylvanian..... 8 Henrietta formation............ a Ge in Missouri group ..c22:-1--ielel-ieie ere ele 108 Lansing formation............... 155 occurrence of, in Cherokee shale..... 38 Missouri! group. 2:7) eo nesta siete 109 Henrietta formation.............. 61 Pennsylvanian rocks. ......-..... 6 Shawnee formation, characteristics of.. 183 Pleasanton formation...........- 76 Gefinition Of. c.io1s:cjo21cseoeieoiaeis eee 31 Shawnee formation.............. 183 FAUNA Os acco eciie ee oe ete cee 296 | Tina, section of Henrietta formation, in Andrew County... <6 1... sees 187 west) Of... t: ces eee 184 Nodaway County................ 190 | Topography, pre-Pennsylvanian ...... 208 table showing fauna of............. 298 of the Pennsylvanian area......... = 2 Ghickwmess OTs S 3 econ ciel Serene eee 183 | Trenton, sandstone near.............. 104 Shumard, B. F., work of, on Missouri section ‘west Of. <. 0 .05 2 «coe vee 144 Wennsylvanian'<<.2is.2 sin > sve see wee 10, 11 Unconformity in Pleasanton formation . 6 Skidmore, section mear............... 193 | Uniontown, Kansas, section west of.... 119 Smithville, section of Kansas City for- Unionville, section of Henrietta forma- MR tOMUNGAN eis s aisles cies = eee 130 HON. 86. . ws since oe a a te ne 71 Southeast lowlands, location of........ 5'| Utica, section near............ soa = see 81, 138 Springfield plain, description of........ 4 | Vernon County, Cherokee shale in...... 42 Stanton limestone, definition of........ 29 Henrietta formation in...........- eres Gescriptlonjors or.