LTJ O2 00 XI B RARY OF THE U N I VER.SITY OF ILLINOIS 580.5 FB v.23 BIOLOGY The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-840O UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN JVIL 1986 L161— O-1096 STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI BY PAUL C. STANDLEY CURATOR OP THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AND JULIAN A. STEYERMARK ASSISTANT CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY BOTANICAL SERIES FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 23, NUMBER 4 NOVEMBER 27, 1944 PUBLICATION 565 ,111 LAB. STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI BY PAUL C. STANDLEY CURATOR OP THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OP BOTANY AND JULIAN A. STEYERMARK ASSISTANT CURATOR OP THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OP BOTANY BOTANICAL SERIES FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 23, NUMBER 4 NOVEMBER 27, 1944 PUBLICATION 565 [HE LIBRARY OF THE nfc 7 1944 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS -T F STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI PAUL C. STANDLEY AND JULIAN A. STEYERMARK In this brief paper there are described new species of plants from Guatemala, preparatory to publication of a flora of that country. A large proportion of the new species belong to the genus Eupatorium, which is represented more lavishly in Guatemala than in any other region of Central America. MORACEAE Cecropia sylvicola Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor procera sylvicola superne copiose ramosa; folia magna firme coriacea, longi- petiolata, petiolo tereti multicostulato usque 54 cm. longo et paullo ultra 1 cm. basi crasso densiuscule hirtello, nullo modo tomentoso; lamina magna suborbicularis breviter peltata, profunde vulgo fere ad basin ca. 9-partita, supra scabro-asperata, subtus pallidior ad nervos venasque hirtella vel hispidula, in statu adulto glabrata sed inter venulas prominulas atque arete reticulatas minutissime tomen- tulosa, viridescens et in sicco brunnescens, segmentis oblongis vel obovato-oblongis usque 40 cm. longis et 11 cm. latis integris apice obtusissimis, saepe plus minusve plicatis; inflorescentia feminea crasse 3.5-6 cm. longe pedunculata, spicis numerosis congestis fere 1 cm. longe pedicellatis, 5-5.5 cm. longis 5-6 mm. crassis apice rotundatis. — Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Dense wet mixed forest, mountains along the road between Tactic and the divide on the road to Tamahu, alt. 1,500-1,600 meters, April, 1941, Paul C. Standley 90762 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); also no. 90576, with the same data; same locality, April 9, 1939, Standley 71248. This exceptionally distinct species, known only from imperfect material, has been found only in the botanically rich, usually very wet forest at this one locality in Alta Verapaz, where it grows in the midst of virgin forest. The trees are fairly plentiful, but all observed were so tall that it was impossible to reach the branches by ordinary means, and all the available material consists of dried leaves and more or less broken inflorescences found on the ground. From the two other Guatemalan species, as well as from most others found in Central America, C. sylvicola differs in its almost concolorous leaf surfaces and deeply lobate, coriaceous leaf blades. 153 154 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 Pseudolmedia simiarum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor excelsa usque ad 30 m. alta, trunco interdum 60 cm. vel ultra diam., ramulis crassis plus minusve flexuosis dense pilis longis mollibus paten tibus fulvidis hirsutis; stipulae caducae usque 2.5 cm. longae angustae sat dense hirsutae; folia breviter petiolata magna char- tacea, petiolo crasso 7-10 mm. longo hirsute; lamina oblongo- elliptica 18-27 cm. longa 7.5-13 cm. lata apice abrupte breviter caudato-acuminata, basi oblique rotundata, supra viridis praeter costam nervosque puberulos vel hirtellos fere omnino glabra, subtus pallidior brunnescens ubique sat dense molliterque pilis longiusculis patentibus pilosa, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 17 gracillimis elevatis arcuatis prope marginem arcuato- conjunctis, venulis prominentibus laxe reticulatis; inflorescentiae femineae axillares 1-florae ut videtur sessiles; fructus immaturus globosus vel ovali-globosus 2-2.5 cm. longus sessilis basi et apice rotundatus ubique densissime molliter pilis subpatentibus fulvidis velutino-pilosus; bracteae longe persistentes rotundo-ovatae obtusae 5-6 mm. longae utrinque dense sericeo-pilosae. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: In dense rich wet forest in a deep ravine, alt. 1,500 meters, vicinity of Maxbal, about seventeen miles north of Barillas, July 15-16, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 48741 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Between Maxbal and Xoxlac, Huehuetenango, July 17, 1942, Steyermark 38983 (sterile). The bark, when cut, exudes a cream-colored milk-like sap. The vernacular name of "Durazno de mono" ("monkey-peach") alludes to the fact that the fruits resemble immature peaches, their dense pubescence being much like the "fuzz" found on a peach. When the senior author was at Huehuetenango in 1940 a woman who kept a small shop showed him a large sack filled with dried fruits of durazno de monte, as she called them, which she had secured, she said, for a "North American agriculturist" who wished to investigate this wild peach. He had never returned for the fruits, which she had been at some trouble to get for him. It is safe to say that he would have been very much disgusted at what he found, if he had sufficient knowledge to realize how little resemblance the fruits actually had to true peaches. LORANTHACEAE Struthanthus oliganthus Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.— Frutex parasiticus glaber ramosus, ut videtur erectus, ramis crassis teretibus, vetustioribus fuscis, novellis ochraceis vel fere cinnamo- STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 155 meis, internodiis plerumque brevibus; folia coriacea parva in sicco lutescentia breviter crasseque petiolata obovato-oblonga vel late cuneato-oblonga ca. 2.5 cm. longa, 9-14 mm. lata, apice rotundata, basin versus sensim cuneato-angustata et fere ad basin petioli decur- rentia, penninervia sed nervis primariis fere obsoletis; inflorescentiae axillares parvae crasse vix ultra 3 mm. longe pedunculatae, 3-florae, floribus viridescentibus arete sessilibus; calyx glaber brevis 1.2 mm. latus; corolla in alabastro clavato-cylindracea 3.5 mm. longa. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango : Above San Ildefonso Ixta- huacan, alt. 1,600-1,700 meters, August 15, 1942, Julian A. Steyer- mark 50672 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Northwest of Cuilco, two-thirds the way up Cerro Chiquihui, above Carrizal, 1,350- 2,300 meters, August 17, 1942, Steyermark 50824. Related to S. cassythoides Millsp., a common species of Guate- mala, but in that all or most of the inflorescences have much more numerous flowers and the stems are usually long, slender, flexuous, and more or less twining or even scandent. Struthanthus tenuifolius Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex parasiticus dependens elongatus glaber, laxe ramosus, ramis gracilibus teretibus ut videtur radices non emittentibus, internodiis brevibus vel elongatis; folia coriacea graciliter ca. 4 mm. longe petio- lata lineari-lanceolata 3.5-6.5 cm. longa 3-5 mm. lata, apicem acutum vel subacuminatum versus sensim attenuata, basin versus longe sensim attenuata, 1-nervia; inflorescentiae axillares et termi- nales sublaxae ca. 2 cm. longae et aequilatae pauciflorae subcymosae, floribus ternatis crasse 2-3 mm. longe pedicellatis; calyx brevis truncatus paullo ultra 1 mm. latus; corollae non visae. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Cie*naga de Lagartero, below Miramar, alt. 300 meters, parasitic on Taxodium mucronatum, August 29, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 51538 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). The species is noteworthy for its very long and narrow, slender leaves and for the slender-pedicellate flowers. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Aristolochia rnollis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex scandens, ramis crassis densissime pilis brunnescentibus piloso- tomentosis, internodiis breviusculis; folia majuscula breviter petio- lata crasse membranacea vel chartacea, petiolo crasso 6-8 mm. longo dense piloso-tomentoso; lamina ovalis vel ovali-elliptica 13-18 cm. longa 6-10 cm. lata, apice rotundata vel obtusissima et interdum 156 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 apiculata, basi anguste rotundata, basi ipsa interdum emarginata, integra, supra ubique dense piloso-hirsuta, nervis venisque pro- minulis laxe reticulatis, subtus paullo pallidior densissime velutino- pilosa, pilis patentibus pallide brunnescentibus, costa crassiuscula elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 7, venis prominentibus laxiuscule reticulatis; pedunculi axillares ut videtur 1-flori ca. 7 mm. longi; perianthium brunneo-purpureum intus glabrum extus dense breviter pilosum, parte basali utriculiformi 2.5 cm. longa, tubo brevissimo subito reflexo, limbo late rotundato-ovato 3.5 cm. longo integro apice rotundato; capsula juvenilis ca. 1 cm. longe crasseque pedicellata clavato-oblonga 2.5 cm. longa 5-7 mm. apicem versus crassa apice rotundata densissime pilis brunnescentibus adscendenti- bus pilosa. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Canyon tributary to Rio Trapichillo, between Democracia and canyon of Chamushu, alt. about 1,000 meters, August 24, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 51269 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Local name "Hoja del aire." In general appearance the plant resembles A. asclepiadifolia Brandegee of Veracruz, but in that the leaves are sessile and deeply cordate at the base. MENISPERMACEAE Abuta Steyermarkii Standl., comb. nov. Hyperbaena Steyer- markii Standl. Bot. Ser. Field Mus. 22: 232. 1940.— The genus Abuta has not been recorded previously from North America, all the other species being South American. The present Guatemalan plant is related to A. rufescens Aubl., of the Guianas and Brazil, but is evidently distinct in its sessile rather than long-pedicellate pistillate flowers. In foliage the two species are almost exactly alike. ANNONACEAE Desmopsis guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Fru- tex 4-6-metralis, ramulis breviter denseque hispidulis vel pilosulis; folia inter minora breviter petiolata membranacea plus minusve lucida, petiolo 2-4.5 mm. longo dense brunnescenti-hirtello; lamina lanceolato-oblonga 4-6 cm. longa 1.2-1.8 cm. lata, apicem obtusum versus sensim attenuata, basi subacuta, utrinque sed subtus mani- festius punctata, supra glabra vel tantum ad costam puberula, subtus fere concolor, primo adpresso-pilosa in statu adulto tantum ad costam adpresso-pilosa, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utro- que latere 11-13; flores oppositifolii, pedunculo gracili 2 cm. longo, in statu fructifero usque ad 2.5 cm. longo, adpresso-piloso, 2-brac- STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 157 teato, bracteis 1.5-2 mm. longis; sepala ovata subacuta 2.5-4 mm. longa extus sericea intus glabra; petala earnoso-subcoriacea lutes- centia linear i-lanceolata apicem versus sensim attenuata 20 mm. longa 1.5-3 mm. lata, extus sparse pilosula, intus glabra vel glabrata; antherae 1.5 mm. longae; baccae 8-9 mm. longe stipitatae globosae rubrae 12-15 mm. longae 10 mm. latae glabrae vel glabratae; semina subglobosa brunnea. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Montana Chicharro, lower southeastern slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria, alt. about 1,500 meters, January 17, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 34304 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. San Marcos: Above Finca El Porvenir, Loma Bandera Shac, southern slopes of Volcan de Taju- mulco, 1,300-1,500 meters, March 9, 1940, Steyermark 37331. Related to the Mexican D. lanceolata Lundell and D. bibracteata (Robinson) Safford but differing from both in its narrow petals and much smaller and narrower leaves. Desmopsis izabalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor 6-metralis, ramulis densissime pilis patentibus brunnescentibus vel sordidis hispidulis; folia inter minora breviter petiolata firme mem- branacea plus minusve lucida, petiolo crassiusculo ca. 3 mm. longo dense hispidulo; lamina anguste oblongo-lanceolata 6-9.5 cm. longa 1.5-2.5 cm. lata apicem subacutum versus sensim longissime atten- uata, basi obtusa vel subacuta, epunctata, supra tantum ad costam subimpressam breviter hispidula, aliter glabra, subtus fere glabra sed in statu adulto ad costam sparse adpresso-pilosa; flores oppositi- folii ut videtur penduli, pedunculo gracillimo in statu fructifero ca. 3 cm. longo sparse hispidulo vel fere glabro, bracteis non visis; baccae 5-6 mm. longe stipitatae globosae ca. 9 mm. diam. basi et apice rotundatae glabratae sed ut videtur in statu juvenili sparse adpresso-pilosae. — Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: On ridge top, along Rio Frio, Cerro San Gil, alt. 75-150 meters, December 18, 1941, Julian A. Steyermark 41543 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). In general appearance this is much like the preceding but the leaves are somewhat longer and narrower and not obviously punc- tate, while in D. guatemalensis they are very conspicuously punctate at all stages of development. The type material bears no flowers, which are likely to provide supporting characters. CRUCIFERAE Cardamine balnearia Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba erecta perennis ca. 35 cm. alta omnino glabra, radice perpendicular! 158 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 radices numerosas fibrosas emittente; caulis simplex inferne nudus, superne densissime foliatus; folia numerosissima longipetiolata laete viridia ca. 14-15 cm. longa, petiolo gracili basi nudo sed plus minusve dilatato et subamplexicauli; foliola 9-13 alterna vel opposita tenuiter membranacea saepe remota 4-6 mm. longe petiolulata late ovata usque ovato-oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga 1-3 cm. longa 4-12 mm. lata, subacuta usque obtusissima, basi rotundata usque subacuta atque saepe obliqua, remote paucidentata vel brevissime remote lobulata, dentibus spinuloso-apiculatis, foliolo terminali vulgo paullo lateralibus ma j ore; racemi terminales simplices vel e basi pauciramosi basi tantum foliaceo-bracteati vel nudi ca. 14 cm. longi laxe multi- flori, pedicellis gracillimis 7-12 mm. longis adscendentibus; flores ca. 6 mm. longi, sepalis purpurascentibus ovalibus fere 3 mm. longis apice rotundatis; petala alba purpureo tincta obovata; siliquae immaturae 3.5 cm. longae 0.8 mm. crassae, stylo 3 mm. longo vix superne angustato; ovula numerosa. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezalte- nango: Wet mossy bank, Aguas Amargas, western slope of Volcan de Zunil, alt. about 2,450 meters, January 14, 1941, Paul C. Standley 83332 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). This plant probably is rare, since although the senior author has visited the type locality several times, he has found it but once. It is an exceptionally distinct species, doubtless related to C. fulcrata Greene and C. innovans 0. E. Schulz, but differing from both in its numerous rather than usually three leaflets. CAPPARIDACEAE Capparis calciphila Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor 12-metralis, ramis crassis brunneis densissime lepidotis, internodiis brevibus; folia firme coriacea crasse petiolata, petiolo 1.5-2.5 cm. vel interdum usque 4 cm. longo dense lepidoto; lamina elliptica vel saepius obovato-elliptica 8.5-13 cm. longa 4.5-6.5 cm. lata apice rotundata vel obtusissima et apiculata, basi obtusa vel late cuneato- obtusa, supra glabra lucida, nervis venisque prominulis laxe reticu- latis, subtus lutescenti-brunnescens sat dense lepidota non pilosula, -costa gracili maxime elevata, nervis venisque prominentibus atque laxe reticulatis; inflorescentiae axillares cymosae pauciflorae, pedun- culis usque ad 9 cm. longis, pedicellis crassiusculis 8-14 mm. longis densissime brunneo-lepidotis; calyx ca. 3.5 mm. longus densissime brunneo-lepidotus fere ad basin lobatus, lobis in alabastro apertis an- guste triangularibus acutis adpressis; petala intus alba extus densissi- me stellate- tomentosa 1 cm. longa vel ultra (in alabastro tantum visa) ; STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 159 stamina numerosa. — Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Along knife- edge of a limestone ridge, Cerro Chinaja, between Finca Yalpemech and Chinaja, above source of Rio San Diego, alt. 150-700 meters, April 1-2, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 45616 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Here probably belongs W. A. Schipp S-655 from Jacinto Hills, British Honduras, distributed under a provisional name given it by the senior author, but never published because flowers were lacking. A sterile specimen from Lago de Amatitlan, Guatemala, also may be referable here. The proposed species is related to C. indica (L.) Fawc. & Rendle, which grows in various parts of Guatemala, chiefly in dry situations, but that has much shorter petioles, seldom more than 1 cm. long, and much smaller and relatively narrower leaves. CRASSULACEAE Echeveria macrantha Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba erecta sparse ramosa, plus minusve suffrutescens, ramis usque 1 cm. crassis ochraceis apice tantum foliatis; folia ad apices ramorum dense rosulata sessilia rotundo-cuneata ca. 3 cm. longa atque 2-2.8 cm. lata, apice late rotundata vel subtruncata et brevissime apiculata, basi latissime cuneata, crassa carnosa utrinque copiose sed non dense hirtella in vivo pallide lutescenti-viridia roseo-marginata; pedunculus crassus 4.5 cm. longus ca. 3-florus, pedicellis in statu fructifero 8 mm. longis dense hirtellis; sepala fere libera 8 mm. longa lanceolato- oblonga apicem obtusum versus sensim angustata dense hirtella; corolla in statu fructifero persistens extus sat dense pubescens, seg- mentis fere liberis ca. 2 cm. longis anguste lanceolatis apicem versus sensim attenuatis dorso acute carinatis; follicula ca. 15 mm. longa sparse pubescentia brunnea, corpore lanceolato-oblongo ca. 8 mm. longo in rostrum gracile aequilongum sensim attenuate. — Guate- mala: Dept. Jalapa: Dry rocky slopes, Montana Miramundo at Buena Vista, alt. 2,000-2,200 meters, December 6, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 32808 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). This is the only known Central American species with pubescent foliage, the other species of the group being Mexican. Most of the Mexican ones have much more abundant pubescence than the Guatemalan plant, which differs from each of them also in some other respect. It is noteworthy for its remarkably large flowers. Echeveria huehueteca Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Planta acaulis glabra, radicibus carnoso-fibrosis; folia numerosa dense 160 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 rosulata sessilia oblongo-lanceolata usque subelliptica vel late cuneato-obovato-oblonga, 2-5 cm. longa, 1-2.5 cm. lata, apice sub- acuminata usque obtusa vel subrotundata et cuspidato-apiculata, basi latissime cuneata, utrinque viridia vel interdum purpurascentia ; caules erecti strict! 20-30 cm. alti simplices remote foliati, foliis valde reductis lanceolato-linearibus usque oblongo-lanceolatis usque ad 18 mm. longis acutis vel acuminatis sessilibus; flores laxe racemosi, racemo 7-13 cm. longo remote 5-11-floro, pedicellis crassis 2-3 mm. longis; sepala basi coalita valde inaequalia late linearia usque oblongo-ovata obtusa vel subacuta carnosa viridia subadpressa vel interdum plus minusve patentia 6-8 mm. longa; corolla rubra 8-10 mm. longa fere ad basin partita, lobis anguste lanceolatis suberectis apice paullo excurvis longe anguste attenuatis dorso carinatis; folli- cula ca. 8 mm. longa obliqua in rostrum subulatum sensim attenuata. —Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: On bluffs, Cumbre Papal, on slopes with southern exposure, between Cuilco and Ixmoqui, alt. 1,400-3,000 meters, August 19, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 50934 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). On limestone bluffs in ravine with Juniperus, alpine areas in vicinity of Tunima, 3,400 meters, Steyer- mark 48373. Pine-forested slopes, terrestrial, along Rio Selegua opposite San Sebastian Huehuetenango, 2,000 meters, Steyermark 50420. Corolla vermilion-red ; leaves grass-green on both sides, or some- times dull or deep green suffused with lavender or brownish purple, not glaucous. The three collections cited show considerable varia- tion in leaf form but it is believed that they are conspecific. In Poellnitz's key to the species of Echeveria they run at once to E. sessili 'flora Rose, a species of Chiapas that might well be expected in Guatemala, but they do not agree with the original description or with the one given by Poellnitz. The inflorescence in E. hue- hueteca is not at all secund. Echeveria Steyermarkii Standl., sp. nov. — Plantae acaules glabrae solitariae vel interdum caespitosae, radicibus fibrosis; folia vulgo numerosissima rosulata patentia vel adscendentia viridia interdum purpureo vel roseo tincta sessilia, anguste vel latissime oblongo-spathulata, 2.5-6.5 cm. longa 1-2 cm. lata, apice rotundata vel obtusissima et breviter obtuse apiculata, carnosa sed non crassa, basi latissime cuneata; scapi solitarii vel plures 5-20 cm. alti, floribus breviter racemosis vel subcorymbosis paucis, foliis caulinis interdum fere omnibus prope basin insertis, interdum fere ad apicem sparsis linearibus usque oblongis, majoribus usque 2 cm. longis obtusis adscen- STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 161 dentibus; flores 3-10 mm. longe pedicellati, pedicellis subgracilibus plerumque 8-15 mm. longis, bracteis oblongis vel fere linearibus pedicellis vulgo multo brevioribus; sepala fere ad basin libera inae- qualia viridia carnosa 5-8 mm. longa oblonga vel ovato-oblonga obtusa adpressa vel subpatentia; petala basi connata rubra vel roseo- rubra 8-11 mm. longa lanceolata vel anguste lanceolata erecta sed apice paullo excurva dorso carinata, apicem versus sensim attenuato- acuminata; antherae petalis bene breviores ca. 1.5 mm. longae ova- les; follicula 7-8 mm. longa suberecta longirostrata brunneo-rubra.— Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa: On rocks, between Santa Rosalia de Marmol and San Lorenzo, alt. 1,200-1,600 meters, January 24, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 43145 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Solola: Volcan de Santa Clara, 2,000-3,000 meters, Steyermark 46910, 47062; sometimes epiphytic. Among rocks, Volcan de Toliman, slopes above San Lucas, 1,800-3,000 meters, Steyermark 47603. Dept. San Marcos: Between Sibinal and Ichiguan, 3,500-4,000 meters, epiphytic, Steyermark 36507. The plants placed here show a great deal of variation in leaf form but it is believed that all represent a single species. Further collections may possibly show that two or more species are repre- sented but it is believed that all the apparent variations may be explained by moisture and exposure conditions. The corolla is variously described as vermilion throughout, rose-red, or with petals reddish yellow edged with vermilion. The leaves may be either grass-green throughout or sometimes paler beneath, and often tinged with red or purple. The species is noteworthy for its small, few-flowered inflorescence and very long pedicels. LEGUMINOSAE Bauhinia Calderonii (Rose) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov. CaspareaCalderonii Rose in Britt. & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 217. 1930. Calliandra carcerea Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex vel arbuscula gracilis, ramis ochraceis subteretibus, novellis dense hirtellis; folia 10-14 mm. longe petiolata, pinnis 1-jugis 4.5-7.5 cm. longis; foliola 7-11-juga inaequalia et saepe obliqua oblongo-elliptica usque ovata 12-23 mm. longa 4-8 mm. lata obtusa vel subacuta basi obliqua obtusa vel rotundata, glabra ciliata lucidissima, subtus paullo pallidiora penninervia, nervis venisque utrinque prominulis laxe reticulatis, subcoriacea; pedunculi axillares solitarii ca. 2 cm. longi graciles hirtelli, capitulis paucifloris; bracteae ca. 2 mm. longae 162 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 lineari-lanceolatae puberulae; calyx glaber ad dentes puberulus 3 mm. longus striatus, dentibus brevissimis; corolla 7-8 mm. longa glabra, limbo dilatato, ad dentes puberula; legumen 2.5-3 cm. longe stipitatum lineare 7-7.5 cm. longum 7-8 mm. latum apice obtusum et apiculatum, basi attenuatum, glabrum. — Guatemala: Dept. El Progreso, slopes of quebradas, between Calera and middle slopes of Volcan Siglo, alt. 2,000-2,200 meters, January 20, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 42985 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). In appearance this is much like C. purpurea (L.) Benth. of the Lesser Antilles, but that is glabrous throughout or nearly so while C. carcerea has abundant pubescence on the branches, leaf rachis, and peduncles. Galactia sparsiflora Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Perennis herbacea volubilis, caulibus gracillimis teretibus sparse strigosis vel glabratis; stipulae viridescentes subulatae erectae 2-2.5 mm. longae persistentes; folia 3-foliolata graciliter longipetiolata, rhachi 3-8 mm. longa, petiolo 1.5-4 cm. longo sparse strigoso vel glabro; foliola chartacea oblongo-lanceolata vel anguste oblonga prope vel infra medium latissima vel interdum supra medium paullo latiora, 3-6.5 cm. longa 8-15 mm. lata, acuta vel acuminata, basi obtusa vel rotundata, supra lucida viridia sparse scabro-strigosa, subtus paullo pallidiora, saepe lucida, sparse scabro-strigosa vel fere omnino glabra, venis utrinque elevatis atque arete reticulatis; pedunculi axillares 1-flori 5-7 mm. longi; calyx sub legumine persistens 4-5 mm. longus turbinatus adpressus tenuiter strigosus ad medium 4-dentatus, dentibus tubo paullo brevioribus, dorsali ovato subobtuso integro, carinali angustiore acuminate aequilongo, 2 lateralibus brevioribus ovatis acuminatis; legumen anguste oblongum vel lineari-oblanceo- latum 2.5-3 cm. longum 4-5 mm. latum, apice acutum et abrupte longirostratum, rostro dense strigoso, basin versus sensim attenua- tum, elastice dehiscens sparse strigosum subseptatum; semina 2-3 subcompressa lucida late ovalia ca. 4 mm. longa brunnea nigro- maculata.— Guatemala: Dept. El Progreso: In forest east of Finca Piamonte, Sierra de las Minas, alt. 2,500 meters, February 11, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 43837 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Hills between Finca Piamonte and slopes southeast, Steyermark 43432. Between Calera and summit of Volcan Siglo, Sierra de las Minas, 2,000-3,300 meters, Steyermark 43031. All three collections are in fruit. The plant could be referred about equally well to either Galactia or Calopogonium, but if the STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 163 usual characters for separating those groups are reliable, it is better placed in Galactia. It does not resemble closely any other Central American species of Galactia, but does somewhat suggest Calopo- gonium lanceolatum Brandeg. Mimosa canahuensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.— Frutex scandens, ramis obtuse angulatis dense pilosulis et hispidulis, aculeis recurvis basi valde dilatatis brunnescentibus armatis; folia magna 15-20 cm. longa, rhachi dense recurvo-aculeata et sordide pubes- cente, pinnis 4-6-jugis 4.5-7.5 cm. longis; foliola 7-11-juga crasse membranacea ovali-oblonga vel subovalia 14-19 mm. longa 5-8 mm. lata, apice rotundata vel obtusissima, basi obliqua rotundata, supra intense viridia puberula, subtus pallidiora sat dense pilosula penninervia; pedunculi axillares monocephali crassi ca. 1.5 cm. longi puberuli superne aculeolati, floribus capitatis; legumina numerosa sessilia vel subsessilia ca. 2 cm. longa atque 8-9 mm. lata, basi et apice rotundata vel obtusa, sat dense setosa, setis pallide lutescentibus 2-3 mm. longis, marginibus incrassatis dense rigide setosis, valvulis continuis non articulatis; semina ca. 3.— Guatemala: Dept. El Progreso: Climbing in thickets, Montana Canahui, between Finca San Miguel and summit of mountain, near upper limits of Finca Caieta, alt. 1,600-2,300 meters, February 10, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 43758 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). A well-marked species, whose affinities within the genus are uncertain. It is not closely related to any other known from Guate- mala, nor does it show any close relationship with any of the species treated by Britton and Rose. Mimosa Donnell-Smithii (Britt. & Rose) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov. Neomimosa Donnell-Smithii Britt. & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 173. 1928. Apparently a rare plant, not represented among recent collections made in Guatemala. Pithecolobium saxosum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor ca. 5-metralis, ramulis brevibus irregularibus dense hirtellis spinis stipularibus crassis rigidis 7-10 mm. longis sat dense armatis; folia 1.5-2.5 cm. longe petiolata, petiolo gracili dense hirtello apice glandula sessili crateriformi onusto, pinnis 1-jugis; foliola 1-juga coriacea ovalia vel late oblongo-obovata 2.5-4.5 cm. longa 1.5-2.5 cm. lata, apice rotundata et saepe emarginata, basi rotundata vel late obtuse cuneata, supra vulgo lucida dense velutino-puberula, subtus sat dense velutino-pilosula, nervis venisque subtus promi- 164 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 nentibus conspicuis; flores spicati, spicis in paniculas parvas dis- positis 1-2 cm. longis densis vel plus minusve inferne interruptis ca. 8 mm. latis saepe graciliter longipedunculatis, floribus arete sessilibus; bracteae oblongo-lanceolatae persistentes vix 1 mm. longae puberulae; calyx vix ultra 1 mm. longus dense albido-puberulus; corolla ca. 3 mm. longa minute sericea; legumen ignotum. — Guate- mala: Dept. Chiquimula: Edge of arroyo, Quebrada Shusho, above Chiquimula, on the road to Zacapa, alt. about 480 meters, October 14, 1940, Paul C. Standley 74367 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); same locality, October 9, 1940, Standley 73726. Dept. Zacapa: Vicinity of Zacapa, 200 meters, in brushy pasture, October, 1940, Standley 74195. In its small flowers this suggests P. microstachyum Standl., of Guatemala and Salvador, but in that the leaves are glabrous or essentially so. The copious pubescence allies P. saxosum with P. Brownii Standl. and P. Johanseni Standl., both of which grow in Guatemala, but they have substantially larger flowers. Pithecolobium Stevensonii (Standl.) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov. Inga Stevensonii Standl. Trop. Woods 23: 7. 1930. — This species has been collected several times recently in Guatemala in the departments of Pete"n, Alta Verapaz, and Izabal. Pithecolobium vulcanorum Standl. & Steyerm., nom. nov. Cojoba guatemalensis Britt. & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 30. 1923, not Pithecolobium guatemalense Standl. 1929. Pithecolobium Tuerckheimii (Britt. & Rose) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov. Cojoba Tuerckheimii Britt. & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23:30. 1928. RUTACEAE Esenbeckia echinoidea Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor 5-7-metralis, ramulis crassiusculis dense pilis albidis strigosis serius glabratis; folia 1-foliolata, petiolo gracili 1.5-6 cm. longo sparse strigoso; foliola late elliptica 9-28 cm. longa 4.5-15 cm. lata obtusa vel subrotundata, basi rotundata vel obtusa, supra glabra vel in statu juvenili sparse puberula, subtus paullo pallidiora, sparse pilosula vel in statu adulto fere omnino glabra, nervis venisque utrinque prominentibus vel prominulis et arete reticulatis; capsula pedunculum crassum erectum 5-6 cm. longum terminans globosa vel depresso-globosa ca. 4 cm. lata et 2.5 cm. alta lignosa durissima STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 165 5-loculata ubique densissime echinis crassis acutiusculis duris hirtellis inaequalibus usque ad 1 cm. longis obtecta. — Guatemala: Dept. Chiquimula: Brushy rocky hillside, between Ramirez and Cumbre de Chiquimula, on the road between Chiquimula and Zacapa, alt. 400-600 meters, October 15, 1940, Paul C. Standley 74456 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. El Progreso: Barranquillo, 650 meters, Steyermark 46452. Dept. Zacapa: Between Agua Blanca and Cum- bre de Chiquimula, 350-500 meters, Standley 74413. Dept. Guate- mala: Without locality, Ignacio Aguilar 95. Near Amatitlan, 1,170 meters, in dry forest, Standley 61395. From all species known on the mainland of North America this differs in its 1-foliolate (not simple) leaves and very densely echinate fruit. The fruit is very hard and woody, and so densely beset with hard woody spines that its normal 5-angulate form is obscured and it appears to be depressed-globose. Casimiroa emarginata Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor 15-metralis, ramulis crassis pallide lenticellatis, glabris vel sparse breviter pilosulis, gemmis axillaribus subglobosis densissime pilis albis pilosulis; folia longipetiolata 3-foliolata, petiolo gracili 5-8 cm. longo glabro, petiolulis 1-1.5 cm. longis; foliola membranacea elliptica vel late elliptica 7-10 cm. longa 4-7 cm. lata, apice rotundata et breviter emarginata vel apicem angustum emarginatum versus breviter angustata, basi inaequaliter rotundata vel obtusissima, glabra, supra intense viridia sublucida, subtus pallidiora; fructus ut videtur ovalis in statu sicco 5-5.5 cm. altus 3.5-4 cm. latus, apice leviter bilobus. — Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Growing near a house (planted?) at Tajumulco, northwestern slope of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 2,300-2,800 meters, February 28, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 36931 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). It is unsatisfactory to describe another species in a genus in which the species already known are suspected to be unstable, but this particular collection can not be associated readily with any of the species known heretofore. From C. edulis Llave & Lex. it differs in its 3-foliolate, very obtuse or rounded leaflets, and from C. Sapota Oerst., which is not known from Guatemala, in its rounded and broad-based leaflets. It is difficult to believe that the Guate- malan tree is only a variant of the latter species, and it scarcely can be associated with any of the extreme forms of C. edulis. Galipea guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex glaber, ramulis gracilibus irregularibus, internodiis ut videtur brevi- 166 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 bus; folia 1-foliolata, petiolo 8-25 mm. longo; foliola firme mem- branacea elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica 10-20 cm. longa 4.5-8.5 cm. lata abrupte cuspidato-acuminata, basi acuta, supra intense viridia lucida, subtus pallidiora, margine subundulato, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 12 prominentibus, venis tenerrimis prominulis laxe reticulatis, lamina sat dense pellucido-punctata; pedunculi breves 1 cm. longi, fructu solum uno ut videtur maturante; capsulae carpella oblique oblonga sessilia 2 cm. longa 8 mm. lata, apicem anguste obtusum versus sensim angustata, basi rotundata, plus minusve rugosa, glabra; semina vix compressa fusco-ferruginea 1 cm. longa 4 mm. lata. — Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Rio Dulce, between Livingston and six miles up the river, on the north side of the river, near sea level, April 14, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 39448 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). In continental North America only one other species of the genus has been found. It is a shrub or tree of Darie"n, Panama, with 3-folio- late leaflets. BURSERACEAE Bursera permollis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbuscula ca. 5-metralis, ramulis crassis pallidis dense breviter pilis patentibus pilosulis; folia longipetiolata 3-foliolata, petiolo 4-5 cm. longo mol- liter pilosulo; foliola 3-12 mm. longe petiolulata crasse membranacea ambitu variabilia orbicularia usque late elliptica, rotundo-rhombea vel obovato-orbicularia, 5-10 cm. longa 4-8.5 cm. lata, apice obtusa vel saepius rotundata at subito caudato-acuminata, basi late cunea- ta vel saepius rotundata vel subcordata, integra, supra sparse pilosa, subtus densius velutino-pilosa, nervis venisque elevatis laxe reticu- latis; inflorescentiae e nodis defoliatis nascentes breves pauciflorae, ramis crassissimis pilosulis, floribus breviter crasse pedicellatis; fructus 3-valvis densiuscule puberulus vel glabra tus 1 cm. longus obtusus; semen 1 albescens 8 mm. longum 6 mm. latum. — Guate- mala: Dept. Jutiapa: In hedge, vicinity of Jutiapa, alt. 850 meters, October-November, 1940, Paul C. Standley 75245 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Between Jutiapa and La Calera, southeast of Jutiapa, 850 meters, Standley 76039, 76100. Dept. Chiquimula: Along stream in Canada, Caracol Mountain north of Quezaltepeque, 1,200-1,400 meters, November, 1939, Steyermark 31407. Local names "Jiote" and "Palo jiote de huis." From all other Central American species of Bursera this is distinguished at once by its 3-foliolate leaves with entire leaflets. STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 167 MELIAGEAE Guarea chirriactensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor excelsa 18-metralis, ramulis crassis dense elevato-lenticellatis dense pilis brevissimis adpresso-pilosulis, serius glabratis; folia magna 6-foliolata longipetiolata, rhachi sicut petiolo sparse pilosula vel fere glabra, petiolulis crassis 5-8 mm. longis; foliola firme membrana- cea oblongo-ovata vel elliptico-oblonga 11-26 cm. longa 6-12 cm. lata, apice obtusa vel subrotundata et abrupte breviter apiculato- acuminata, basi obtusa vel subrotundata atque breviter ima basi acutata, utrinque glabrata vel subglabra, in axillis non barbata, costa supra subimpressa subtus valde elevata, nervis lateralibus gracilibus subtus elevatis; paniculae axillares sessiles repetite ramosae petiolum vix aequantes ca. 8-9 cm. longae, ramis crassis sparse pilosulis vel fere glabris, pedicellis glabratis subgracilibus 2-4 mm. longis; calyx latissime campanulatus 3.5 mm. latus 2 mm. altus sparse strigosus basi fere truncatus brevissime dentatus, dentibus latissime rotundatis; petala ca. 6 mm. longa late oblonga obtusissima extus dense strigosa; tubus staminalis 3 mm. longus vel paullo ultra inferne glaber, superne pubescens. — Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Along route no. 5 between Chirriacte* and Semococh, alt. 500-900 meters, May 10, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 46355 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). South of Cubilguitz, 300-400 meters, Steyermark 44541 (sterile). The relationship of this Guatemalan tree is with Guarea Chichon C. DC. andG. Trompillo C. DC., both of which occur in Guatemala. They have much longer petals, a much larger, rather deeply and conspicuously dentate calyx, and usually narrow-based leaflets. Trichilia privigna Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor 8- metralis, ramulis gracilibus brunnescentibus vel fuscescentibus, novellis sparse puberulis cito glabratis subteretibus; folia inter minora pinnatim 3-foliolata, petiolo gracili 12-15 mm. longo glabrato, petiolulis 3-5 mm. longis; foliola elliptica usque obovato-oblonga vel obovato-elliptica 3-8.5 cm. longa 1.5-4 cm. lata, abrupte acuminata, acumine ipso acuto vel obtuso; basi cuneato-acuta vel acuta, firme membranacea, supra viridia tantum ad costam puberula, subtus brunnescentia glabra vel glabrata, foliolis lateralibus terminali vulgo multo minoribus; paniculae axillares longipedunculatae 5-8 cm. longae laxe multiflorae, ramis sparse puberulis vel fere glabris, floribus breviter pedicellatis viridescentibus; calyx glaber vel gla- bratus 1 mm. latus 0.8 mm. altus breviter dentatus, dentibus latis- 168 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 simis apiculato-subacutis; corolla in alabastro extus minutissime strigillosa 1.5 mm. longa; ovarium dense strigosum. — Guatemala: Dept. Pete*n: Steep shaly slopes along Rio Santa Isabel, between mouth of Rio Sebol and El Porvenir, alt. 100 meters, April 21, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 45827 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). In all characters this is so much like T. brevi flora Blake & Standl. of the same general region that it may be only a form of that species. The texture of the leaves is similar, but in T. breviflora all the several collections now known have uniformly 1-foliolate leaves. Those of T. privigna are all 3-foliolate, and until intermediate forms are collected it may stand as a distinct species. MALPIGHIACEAE Mascagnia excelsa Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor praeter inflorescentiam fere omnino glabra, ramis gracilibus subteretibus sparse lenticellatis ochraceis vel viridescentibus, internodiis elongatis; folia majuscula breviter petiolata crasse membranacea lucida, petiolo crasso 6-13 mm. longo facie superiore prope apicem glandulis 2 magnis valde elevatis onusto; lamina oblongo-lanceolata vel ovato- lanceolata 13-17 cm. longa 5-7.5 cm. lata longiacuminata, basi obtusa vel rotundata, supra laete viridis, nervis prominulis, subtus paullo pallidior, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus prominenti- bus; inflorescentia paniculata axillaris sessilis vel breviter peduncu- lata repetite ramosa multiflora foliis interdum longior, ramis rectis sparse brunneo-puberulis vel subtomentulosis, bracteis bracteolisque parvis deltoideis vel subulatis vix ad 2 mm. longis persistentibus, pedicellis plerumque 3-5 mm. longis superne valde incrassatis; sepala glabrata ca. 3 mm. longa, glandulis ovalibus vel suborbiculari- bus sepalis dimidio brevioribus; petala pallide lutea extus glabra longiunguiculata ca. 8 mm. longa, lamina suborbiculari inconspicue sinuato-dentata; samarae glabrae 2.5-3.5 cm. latae 2-2.5 cm. altae, alis lateralibus tenuibus ad marginem irregulariter undulatis, crista dorsali brevi integra. — Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Rio Dulce, between Livingston and six miles up the river, on the north side, at sea level, April 14, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 39456 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Rio Dulce, two to four miles west of Livingston, on south side of the river, April 16, 1940, Steyermark 39452. The nearest Central American relative of this species is M. rivularis Morton & Standl., found in Alta Verapaz and Izabal, Guatemala, but that is distinguished at once by the inconspicuous, not at all elevated glands at the apex of the petiole. Another related STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 169 species is M. jamaicensis Urban & Niedenzu, known only from Jamaica. DICHAPETALACEAE Dichapetalum bullatum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex erectus vel subscandens, ramulis ochraceis plus minusve lucidis, novellis dense pilis longis sordidis vel brunnescentibus hispidis; folia magna brevissime petiolata crasse membranacea, petiolo crasso 5-8 mm. longo vel paullo longiore dense hispido; lamina elliptica vel late elliptica, interdum oblongo-elliptica vulgo 17-28 cm. longa atque 11-18 cm. lata, subito acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi rotundata vel subcordata, supra sparse hispida vel in statu adulto fere glabra, nervis venisque conspicue impressis, superficie insigniter bullata, subtus dense pilis longiusculis rigidiusculis hirsuta vel hispida, costa nervisque elevatis, venis quoque elevatis et laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia parva multiflora terminalis vel pseudo- terminalis e basi ramosa (vel ex inflorescentiis pluribus composita), ramis primariis gracillimis 1-1.5 cm. longis dense hispidis, floribus ad apicem rami paucis longe pedicellatis, pedicellis fere filiformibus hispidulis; sepala anguste oblonga obtusa 3-3.5 mm. longa extus dense albido-tomentulosa et pilis longis albis rigidis adpressis hispida; petala sepalis aequilonga glabra alba apice biloba; filamenta gracilis glabra petalis longiora; ovarium dense albo-tomentosum. — Guate- mala: Dept. Izabal: Along road between Puerto Barrios and Santo Tomas, about 1.5 miles southeast of Puerto Barrios, at sea level, December 7, 1941, Julian A. Steyermark 39874 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Between Virginia and Lago de Izabal, Montana del Mico, 50-500 meters, Steyermark 38803. Puerto Barrios, in wet thickets or Manicaria swamps, April-May, 1939, Standley 72813, 73053. The petals are white when fresh but become blackish purple in drying. The species is a very distinct one, noteworthy for its abundant, hirsute or hispid pubescence and very large and broad, conspicuously bullate leaves. Two other members of the genus are found in Guatemala. EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia cuchumatanensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Subgenus Chamaesyce. Fruticulus erectus 20-30 cm. altus dense et saepe intricate ramosus, inferne frutescens, superne herbaceus, radice crassa lignosa, caulibus vetustioribus fuscescentibus tereti- bus, novellis pallidis sat dense pilis albis patentibus fere rectis 170 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 pilosis, internodiis foliis longioribus; folia parva brevissime petiolata opposita in sicco pallida crassiuscula oblique deltoideo-ovata vel ovato-ovalia, vix 1 mm. longe petiolata, 5-10 mm. longa 3.5-7 mm. lata apice obtusissima vel subrotundata, basi oblique subcordata vel rotundata, interdum subacutata, prope apicem inconspicue undulato-denticulata vel fere integra, utrinque sat dense pilis pallidis mollibus patentibus pilosula; involucra numerosa axillaria vel terminalia solitaria breviter pedunculata dense pilosula late turbinata basi acuta, appendicibus suborbicularibus 1 mm. longis et aequilatis glabris apice late rotundatis patentibus conspicuis; capsula 2 mm. lata vel paullo ultra pubescens; semina tumida brunnescenti-ochracea ad angulos subincrassata, faciebus fere laevibus.— Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Sierra de los Cuchu- matanes, between Nenton and Las Palmas, alt. 800-1,200 meters, August 30, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 51646 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). A well-marked species, noteworthy for its dense erect habit, grayish, densely pubescent leaves, and the conspicuous white append- ages of the involucre. It is not closely related to any other Central American species, and it does not .agree with any of the numerous Mexican ones of which material has been available for comparison. GELASTRACEAE Microtropis ilicina Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor glabra 9-12-metralis, ramulis purpureo-fuscis; folia petiolata coriacea integra, petiolo crasso pallido 7-10 mm. longo; lamina elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, prope medium latissima, 6.5-9.5 cm. longa 2.5- 4.5 cm. lata, acuta vel subacuminata, acumine ipso obtuso, basi acuta, utrinque lucida, supra in sicco lutescenti-viridis, costa nervisque prominulis, subtus pallidissima, costa elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 8 vix prominulis, venis inconspicuis laxe reticulatis; pedunculi 1-1.5 cm. longi crassi 1-2-dichotomi, cymis dense paucifloris 1-2 cm. latis, pedicellis crassis brevibus, bracteis latis fusco-marginatis; sepala exteriora pallida 1.5 mm. longa 2 mm. lata fusco-marginata, interiora majora, margine eroso- denticulata; capsula anguste obovata apice acuta vel obtusa, prope. basin angustata, 12-15 mm. longa. — Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa: Southern slopes of Volcan Gemelos, Sierra de las Minas, alt. 2,100- 3,200 meters, January 26, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 43284 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); also no. 43280, with the same data. Rio Repollal, 2,100-2,400 meters, January, 1942, Steyermark 42545. STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 171 Dept. Huehuetenango: Cerro Pixpix, above San Ildefonso Ixta- huacan, 2,800 meters, Steyermark 50650, 50655. From M. occidentalis Loes., a widespread species of Central America, this differs conspicuously in its much thicker leaves, which are very pale beneath and silvery in the fresh state, not green. SAPINDAGEAE Serjania hispida Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex scan-, dens, caulibus gracilibus angulatis ubique dense pilis longis brunneis patentibus setoso-hispida, internodiis elongatis; stipulae fere fili- formes 1 cm. longae vel ultra brunneo-hispidae; folia modica mem- branacea 3-foliolata 2-3 cm. longe petiolata, petiolo nudo dense hispido; foliola lateralia sessilia oblique ovata 6-7.5 'cm. longa abrupte caudato-acuminata, basi oblique rotundata; foliola ter- minalia rhombeo-ovata vel rhombeo-elliptica ca. 13 cm. longa atque 6.5 cm. lata, caudato-acuminata, basi subabrupte cuneato-angustata; foliola omnia grosse remote crenato-dentata supra viridia dense hispida, subtus paullo pallidiora dense molliter hirsuta; inflores- centiae axillares ca. 7 cm. longe pedunculatae laxe multiflorae ca. 5 cm. longae et 3 cm. latae densissime pilis longis brunneis setoso- hispidae, floribus longe graciliter pedicellatis, bracteis fere fili- formibus hirsutis ca. 5 mm. longis; sepala fere 4 mm. longa lata densissime brunneo-hispidula; petala alba glabra. — Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Damp forested slopes, along road between San Cristobal and Chixoy, alt. 1,200-1,300 meters, February 19, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 43926 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). So many species of Serjania have been described from Mexico and Central America that one would suppose a name could be found for every possible form. Apparently, however, the number of valid species is large, and there are many possible combinations of charac- ters. Both this and the following species are noteworthy for their abundant stiff spreading pubescence. They are not satisfactorily referable to any of the species of the region represented in the her- barium by authentic material, nor do they appear to be particularly close to any of them. S. hispida is known only from flowering specimens. Serjania phaseoloides Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex scandens, caulibus gracilibus profunde sulcatis et angulatis, tantum ad angulos dense pilis rigidiusculis flavescentibus setoso-hirsutis; folia ca. 4 cm. longe petiolata 3-foliolata membranacea, petiolo 172 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 gracili nudo sparse hispidulo; foliola lateralia deltoideo-ovata vel ovata 7-8 cm. longa acuminata vel longiacuminata basi vulgo sub- cordata vel truncata ca. 1.5 cm. longe petiolulata; foliola terminalia late rhombeo-ovata 7-10 cm. longa 5.5-7 cm. lata acuminata, basi rotundata longe petiolulata; foliola omnia concoloria remote grosse undulato-dentata vel interdum basin versus sublobata, utrinque sparse pilosula vel glabrata; inflorescentiae longipedunculatae ca. 9 cm. longae et 3 cm. latae, laxe multiflorae hirtellae, floribus albis •longe graciliter pedicellatis; sepala 3 mm. longa extus dense minute puberula vel subtomentulosa; fructus juvenilis (7 mm. tantum longus) late obovatus apice emarginatus sparse minutissime puberu- lus vel ut videtur cito glabratus, ad angulos ciliolatus. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Along Rio Cuilco between Cuilco and San Juan, 2.5 miles west of Cuilco, alt. 1,200-1,300 meters, August 18, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 50908 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Although this and the preceding species have rather similar pubescence on the stems, there is no reason to suppose that they are closely related. In S. hispida the pubescence is evenly distributed all over the stems, while in S. phaseoloides it is confined to the edges of the angles. In the former the lateral leaflets are sessile, in S. phaseoloides long-petiolulate. TILIACEAE Sloanea petenensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Ramuli graciles striati glabri vel glabrati; folia majuscula longipetiolata chartacea sublucida, petiolo gracili 2-4 cm. longo glabro; lamina anguste elliptico-oblonga 18-27 cm. longa 7.5-9 cm. lata anguste longiacuminata, basin obtusam versus paullo angustata, integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 8 teneris utrinque prominentibus arcuatis angulo lato adscendentibus, venis utrinque prominulis et arete reticulatis; capsulae (delapsae tantum visae) ovoideo-globosae ca. 3 cm. longae dense puberulae et sparse hispidulae, ubique dense echinis crassis rigidis persistentibus ca. 8 mm. longis puberulis dense munitae, valvis lignosis 4 mm. crassis intus glabris. — Guatemala: Dept. Pete"n: Forest between Finca Yalpemech, along Rio San Diego, and San Diego on Rio Cancue"n, alt. 50-150 meters, March 25, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 45309 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). The material is most unsatisfactory for description, consisting of a leafy branch and some detached, very old fruits that probably were found on the ground. There is no doubt, however, that the STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 173 collection represents a species quite distinct from any of those reported previously from northern Central America. MALVACEAE Abutilon orientale Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba erecta usque 1 m. alta ut videtur perennis, gracilis, ramosa, ramis' teretibus sparse minute stellato-puberulis et copiose pilis longis mollibus paten tibus simplicibus pilosis, sat dense foliatis; folia inter minora longipetiolata, petiolis gracilibus 1.2-4 cm. longis ut caulibus indutis; lamina late cordato-ovata 4.5-7.5 cm. longa 2-6 cm. lata sensim subitove longiacuminata, basi profunde cordata, crenata, supra sparse pilis longis patentibus simplicibus pilosa, subtus vix pallidior sparse stellato-pilosa; stipulae anguste lineares 5-6 mm. longae virides; flores numerosi plerumque laxe cymosi et subpaniculati, axillares et terminales, longe graciliter pedicellati, pedicellis stellato-puberulis et pilis longis simplicibus pilosis; calyx late campanulatus 4 mm. longus dense stellato-pilosus, lobis tubo multo brevioribus latissime ovatis filiformi-cuspidatis; petala pallide lutea latissime obovata 5 mm. longa glabra; calyx in statu fructifero carpellis plus quam duplo brevior; fructus carpella 5 dense stellato- pubescentia apice abrupte rostrata, corpore 4-5 mm. longo, rostris brevibus oblique divergentibus vix 2 mm. longis; semina in quoque carpello 2. — Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa: In shaded quebrada, along road between Agua Blanca and Cumbre de Chiquimula, alt. 350- 500 meters, October 15, 1940, Paul C. Standley 74420 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Perhaps related to A. umbellatum (L.) Sweet, which is the closest relative among the Central American species. In that, a much stouter plant of different appearance, the stems are stellate-hirsute and the calyx is much larger, usually almost or quite equaling the body of the carpels. The disposition of the inflorescence is con- spicuously different in the two species. Abutilon tridens Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex vel arbuscula 2.5-4.5 m. alta ramosa, ramis crassiusculis dense molliter stellato-pilosis vel tomentosis, tomento inaequali et saepe quasi tuberculoso; stipulae persistentes 12-15 mm. longae lineares stellato- tomentosae basi paullo dilatatae; folia magna longipetiolata mem- branacea, petiolis 4-17 cm. longis, superioribus inferioribus multo brevioribus; lamina late cordato-ovata vel rotundato-cordata 12-24 cm. longa 8.5-18 cm. lata, acuminata vel subabrupte longiacuminata, 174 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 basi profunde anguste cordata, crenulata vel subintegra, supra viridis sparse stellato-pilosa vel fere glabra, subtus glauca dense stellato-pilosa et ad nervos venasque pilis longis simplicibus pilosa; pedunculi axillares ca. 16 cm. longi vulgo 3-flori, rarius 1-flori, pedi- cellis crassis erectis plerumque 4-6 cm. longis infra calycem articu- .latis; calyx 2.5-3 cm. longus densissime pilis brevibus stellatis brunneo-tomentosus profunde lobatus, lobis late ovatis acutis vel acuminatis intus dense tomentulosis; petala lata 4-5 cm. longa aurantiaca rubro-venosa glabra, apice latissime rotundata vel truncata, venis conspicuis elevatis; columna staminifera longe exserta corolla fere duplo longior; fructus carpella ca. 12 et 2.5-3 cm. alta dense stellato-hispida apice longirostrata, rostris ca. 5 mm. longis divaricatis; semina ca. 8. — Guatemala:- Dept. El Progreso: Along small creek, hills between Finca Piamonte and the slopes southeast, Sierra de las Minas, alt. 2,400 meters, February 4, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 43439 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Zacapa: Upper reaches of Rio Sitio Nuevo, Sierra de las Minas, 1,500-1,800 meters, January, 1942, Steyermark 43240. Upper slopes, Rio Repollal, Sierra de las Minas, 2,100-2,400 meters, Steyermark 42532. This is very closely related to A. Pachecoanum, which we described recently from the Occidente of Guatemala. That differs in its deep wine-red rather than orange-yellow petals, and in having the stamen tube of about the same length as the petals. There are also minor differences in vegetative characters. Malvastrum guatemalense Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.— Herba vel frutex erectus 60 cm. altus ramosus, ramis teretibus brunneis dense stellato-hispidulis; stipulae filiformes 5-6 mm. longae; folia longipetiolata membranacea, petiolo gracili 1.5-4 cm. longo stellato-hispidulo; lamina rotundo-ovata usque elliptico-ovata vel late elliptica 4-7.5 cm. longa 2.5-6 cm. lata acuta, basi rotun- data vel late obtusa, inaequaliter crenato-dentata, interdum subangu- lata, supra viridis pilis longis rigidiusculis pallidis simplicibus hispida, subtus paullo pallidior dense stellato-hispidula; inflorescentiae spicatae terminates multiflorae interruptae non densae, basi foliatae, floribus sessilibus vel breviter pedicellatis, bracteis linearibus inconspicuis deciduis, floribus interdum in axillis superioribus aggre- gatis; bracteolae lineares virides calycis lobis multo breviores; calyx 6 mm. longus vel in statu fructifero paullo longior densissime pilis simplicibus rigidiusculis hispidus et quoque stellato-hispidulus, ad medium vel profundius lobatus, lobis triangulari-ovatis acuminatis; petala pallide flava glabra 8-9 mm. longa; fructus carpella prope STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 175 apicem dense pubescentia, apice breviter bidentata, lateribus trans- verse rugulosis. — Guatemala: Dept. Santa Rosa: Wet thicket, near Cuilapa, alt. 900 meters, November 20-27, 1940, Paul C. Standley 78534 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); also no. 77661. The relationship of this plant is obviously with M. bicuspidatum (Wats.) Rose, a Mexican species in which the leaves are stellate- pubescent on both surfaces, and the calyx is finely stellate-pubescent. It is irritating to have to describe as new an evidently weedy plant such as this, but it can scarcely be referred to M. bicuspidatum, and we find no other American species with close affinities. MARCGRAVIACEAE Ruyschia longistylis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex epiphyticus scandens omnino glaber, ramis crassis subteretibus ochraceis; folia breviter petiolata crasse coriacea, petiolo crasso ca. 5 mm. longo; lamina oblanceolato-oblonga 10-12 cm. longa 3-3.5 cm. lata supra medium latissima obtusa et mucronato-apiculata, basin obtusam vel subacutam versus sensim angustata, supra in sicco luteo-viridis, subtus paullo pallidior, nervis obsoletis; inflorescentia in statu fructifero 11 cm. longa subremote multiflora, rhachi fere 3 mm. crassa, pedicellis crassis 2.5-4 mm. longis patentibus vel leviter adscendentibus; bracteae ima basi calycis insertae semiglo- bosae vel obovatae 4 mm. longae obtusae basi angustatae et sub- stipitatae, crassissimae; sepala valde inaequalia suborbicularia, interiora 3 mm. longa, apice rotundata, crassa, adpressa; fructus immaturus subglobosus 4 mm. longus, stylo crasso columnari 2.5 mm. longo. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Cafetal of Finca Soledad, 5 miles southeast of Barillas, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 1,150 meters, July 26, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 49545 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). This is the only species of Ruyschia found thus far in northern Central America, but two or three others occur in southern Central America, and one has been described from Mexico. The present plant is noteworthy for the relatively much elongate style, that in other species being very short or obsolete. Souroubea puberula Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex epiphyticus scandens, praeter inflorescentiam omnino glaber, ramis crassis brunnescentibus vel ochraceis obtuse subangulatis; folia breviter petiolata subcoriacea, petiolo crasso 5-9 mm. longo; lamina oblanceolato-oblonga 8.5-12 cm. longa 3.5-4.8 cm. lata, apice obtusa vel obtusissima et mucronato-apiculata, supra medium 176 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 latissima, basin acutam vel attenuatam versus sensim angustata, nervis lateralibus tenerrimis obscuris; inflorescentia terminalis sessilis vel breviter pedunculata dense multiflora 7-8 cm. longa, omnibus partibus minute puberula, pedicellis vix ultra 2 mm. longis valde sursum curvis; bracteae ima basi calycis insertae pileiformes sessiles 3.5 mm. longae; sepala arete imbricata suborbicularia 2.5 mm. longa apice rotundata. — Guatemala: Dept. Suchitepe*quez : Upper forested slopes of barranco by Loma Grande, above Finca El Naranjo, Volcan de Santa Clara, alt. about 2,000 meters, June 2, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 46862 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). A close relative of this is the Guatemalan S. micrantha Standl. & Steyerm., but in that the pedicels are much longer and more slender, and the whole inflorescence is glabrous. VIOLACEAE Hybanthus sylvicola Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex vel arbuscula 3-4.5 m. alta omnino glabra ramosa, ramis gracilibus lignosis subteretibus vel obtuse trigonis pallide viridibus; stipulae anguste ovatae vix ultra 1.5 mm. longae pallidae; folia breviter petiolata firme membranacea, petiolo 3-4 mm. longo; lamina oblongo-oblanceolata vel oblanceolata 8.5-10 cm. longa atque 2.5- 3.5 cm. lata apice acuta vel breviter acuminata, basin versus sensim cuneato-attenuata, obsolete remoteque crenato-serrata vel subintegra, subtus pallidior; flores subfasciculati e gemmis axillaribus nascentes pauci, pedunculis fere filiformibus 5-8 mm. longis glaber- rimis; sepala glabra inaequalia lanceolata vel late lanceolata ca. 2 mm. longa acuminata; petalum infimum 8 mm. longum, lamina rhombea longe unguiculata, ungue laminam fere aequante, petalis alteris unguem fere aequantibus; capsula ovoideo-globosa ca. 7 mm. alta et aequilata obtusissima vix rostrata glabra.-- Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Pila-pec, Finca Los Alpes, alt. 270 meters, March 20, 1939, C. L. Wilson 329 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Apparently a well-marked and somewhat isolated species, proba- bly related to H. elatus (Turcz.) Morton. In that the capsules are much larger, the peduncles minutely but definitely puberulent, and the more acuminate leaves are very conspicuously and evenly serrulate almost throughout their length. FLACOURTIACEAE Xylosma celastrinum (HBK.) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov. Flacourtia celastrina HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 239. 1825. Myroxylon STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 177 celastrinum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 44. 1891. — The Gray Herbarium Card Index of New Species includes a card crediting the combina- tion Xylosma celastrinum to HBK. ex Clover, Madrono 4: 94. 1937, but apparently the combination never has been properly published. Kuntze (loc. cit.) attributed the name Xylosma celastrinum incor- rectly to the HBK. citation listed above, and Clover listed the same name in a list of plant names, without any reference to a name- bringing synonym. Xylosma sessile Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex glaber, ramis crassis ferrugineis vel brunneis lenticellis numerosis elevatis majusculis conspersis inermibus vel spinis crassis 1-2 cm. longis armatis, sat dense foliatis; folia modica brevissime petiolata vel fere sessilia coriacea, petiolo crasso vix ad 2 mm. longo vulgo breviore; lamina elliptico-oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga 6.5-8.5 cm. longa 2-3 cm. lata vel paullo latior, acuta vel breviter acuminata, acumine ipso obtuso, basi cuneato-acuta, remote adpresso-serrata vel fere integra, supra viridis saepe lucida, nervis prominulis, venis obsoletis, subtus paullo pallidior, in sicco vulgo brunnescens, opaca, costa prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 6 prominulis, venis obsoletis vel obscuris; flores masculi in axillis dense fasciculati, pedi- cellis gracilibus 5-7 mm. longis glabris; sepala oblongo-ovata ca. 1.5 mm. longa obtusa glabra ciliata; stamina numerosa, filamentis cras- siusculis glabris 2.5-3 mm. longis; bacca subglobosa 5-7 mm. diam. glabra; stylus brevissimus, stigma tibus brevibus ovatis. — Guate- mala: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Coban, January, 1907, H. von Tuerckheim 11.1617 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Region of Chelae, northeast of Carcha, April, 1939, Standley 70417, 70359, 70036. Dept. Izabal: Los Amates, February, 1908, W. A. Kellerman 7575. Too many poor species already have been named in this genus, whose taxonomy is in a somewhat chaotic state and much in need of careful study. The specimens cited constitute a rather well- marked entity, apparently worthy of specific rank, and not associable with any of the published names of Central America and Mexico, so far as we are able to discover. The relationship is presumably with X. flexuosum (HBK.) Hemsl., a common species of Guatemala, but in that the veins always are elevated on both surfaces of the leaves and normally conspicuous and closely reticulate. The leaf shape of X. sessile is distinctive, unusually uniform in all the collec- tions cited, and not matched by any of the numerous specimens of X. flexuosum. 178 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 Xylosma trinervium Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex ramosus gracilis 1.5-3 m. altus, ramis tortuosis teretibus brunneis, novellis dense pilis albidis patentibus mollibus pilosulis; folia inter minora crasse membranacea breviter petiolata, petiolo gracili 3-4 mm. longo dense pilosulo; lamina elliptica vel lanceolato-elliptica prope mediam latissima 4-5.5 cm. longa 2-2.8 cm. lata acuta vel acuminata, basi cuneato-acuta vel subobtusa e basi manifeste trinervia, grosse crenata vel crenato-serrulata, utrinque densissime pilis patentibus griseis velutino-pilosa, nervis lateralibus supra basin laminae ca. 4-jugis angulo semirecto vel angustiore adscendentibus valde obliquis; flores dioeci, masculis breviter racemosis, racemis subterminalibus solitariis subsessilibus dense paucifloris ca. 1 cm. longis, pedicellis pilosulis; sepala ovalia vel rotundata viridia paullo ultra 1 mm. longa apice rotundata patentia longiciliata dorso parce pilosula vel glabra; stamina 7-8 sepalis paullo longiora glabra.— Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Along Rio Cuilco, between Cuilco and San Juan, alt. 1,200-1,300 meters, August 18, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 50876 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). A well-marked species, noteworthy for the very dense, soft pubescence of the leaves, which are conspicuously 3-nerved, and for the racemose inflorescence. LOASACEAE Eucnide guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba ramosa, ramis crassis ubique dense viscido-hispidis; folia longi- petiolata herbacea, petiolo crasso 2.5-5.5 cm. longa densissime bre- viter viscido-hispido; lamina ambitu rotundata vel ovato-rotundata 5-9 cm. longa 4.5-8.5 cm. lata basi profunde anguste cordata, bre- viter 5-9-loba, lobis rotundatis undulatis vel undulato-dentatis, utrinque sat dense hispida; flores numerosi, pedunculis crassis 3-6 cm. longis dense viscido-hispidis; hypanthium obconicum vel late turbinatum 9 mm. longum 10-12 mm. apice latum dense pilis longis patentibus hispidum; sepala oblongo-linearia vel anguste lanceolata 3-3.5 cm. longa 5-7 mm. lata longiacuminata extus viscido-hispida; petala ca. 5.5 cm. longa et fere 2 cm. lata apice rotundata, albido- viridescentia, extus sparse pilis longis mollibus albis pilosa vel fere omnino glabra; stamina numerosissima petalis bene longiora ca. 7 cm. longa, antheris 1.5 mm. longis et aequilatis; capsula (perfecta non visa) ca. 1.5 cm. longa. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: On vertical bluffs, northwest of Cuilco, two-thirds the way up STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 179 < Cerro Chiquihui, above Carrizal, alt. about 2,000 meters, August 17, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 50818 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). One other species ofEucnide is known from Guatemala, the small- flowered E. bartonioides Zucc., which has been collected there but once, but is rather frequent in Mexico. In the size of its flowers this new species approaches E. grandiflora Rose of southern Mexico but that has still larger flowers, with petals fully 7 cm. long, and the petals are acute or subacute, rather than rounded at the apex. LENTIBULARIACEAE Pinguicula clivorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Folia numerosa rosulata ad terram adpressa obovato-rotundata pallide viridia in sicco tenuia 18-25 mm. longa 20-22 mm. lata, apice late rotundata, basi late cuneato-angustata, sessilia, glabra vel supra pilis paucis laxis conspersa, ciliata, obscure puncticulata; scapi gracillimi fere filiformes 5-7 cm. longi ut videtur adscendentes vel decumbentes breviter densiuscule pilosuli; calyx ca. 2.5 mm. longus sparse glanduloso-pilosulus, lobis valde inaequalibus ovalibus vel ovali-ovatis apice obtusissimis vel rotundatis, glanduloso-ciliolatis; corolla pallide lilacina vel albescens 12 mm. longa glabra, labio majore profunde trilobo, lobis rhombeis vel late obovatis apice rotundatis, labio minore duplo breviore profunde 2-lobo, calcare 6 mm. longo gracillimo apice subsaccato recto. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: On high bluffs in upper reaches of a barranco above San Juan Ixcoy, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 2,400 meters, August 4, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 50061 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Local name "Flor de piedra." Leaves very pale green and thin, the margins inrolled and uprolled; corolla with a pale green spur, paler at the base and in the upper two lobes, the remaining parts whitish; a narrow green crest down the middle lobe. Two other species of Pinguicula are known from Central America, P. moranen- sis HBK. with very large, violet or deep purple corollas, and P. crenatiloba DC., with small white corollas. In flower characters this plant is somewhat intermediate between these two. The leaves are very large compared with those of P. crenatiloba, and similar in size to those of P. moranensis, which has very thick and fleshy leaves, quite unlike the very thin ones of this new species. Utricularia adenantha Standl., sp. nov. — U. adenantha Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 12: 366. 1936, nomen. Subgenus Calpidisca. Herba 180 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 erecta terrestris; folia radicalia pauca subcarnosa obovata vel spathulata glabra; lamina 3-4 mm. longa apice rotundata, basi in petiolum aequilongum sensim angustata; scapi 10-15 cm. alti tenerrimi fere filiformes glabri, nudi vel infra flores bracteis minutis 1-2 remotis onusti, 2-4-flori, parte florifera geniculata; pedicelli filiformes 3-6 mm. longi; bracteae lanceolato-subulatae sessiles ca. 0.6 mm. longae subulato-acuminatae, bracteolis conformibus sed duplo brevioribus; calycis lobi ovati obtusi vel subacuti dense minuteque glanduloso-puberuli; flores parvi albi, corolla extus ubique minute glanduloso-pubescente, limbo paullo ultra 2 mm. lato; calcar 2 mm. longum extus glanduloso-pubescens apice subulatum, orem versus sensim dilatatum. — British Honduras: In swampy places, at sea level, growing in sandy soil, "very rare," September 2, in flower, William A. Schipp S-89 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). From all the thirteen other species of Utricularia known from British Honduras and Guatemala this plant is distinguished at once by its pubescent flowers, which are the smallest produced by any local member of the genus. MELASTOMACEAE Miconia echinoidea Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex 1.5 m. altus, ramis gracilibus teretibus densissime hirsuto-tomentosis, pilis patentibus setiformibus pallide lutescentibus apice dense breviter stellato-ramosis, petiolis paniculisque similiter indutis, ramis vetustioribus brunneis; petioli crassiusculi 1-4 cm. longi; lamina anguste ovata vel lanceolato-ovata 11-17 cm. longa 4-7.5 cm. lata longe anguste acuminata, basi rotundata vel obtusa, 5- plinervia, nervis interioribus bene supra basin laminae nascentibus, minute serrulata vel subintegra, supra densissime pilis brevibus lutes- centibus subpatentibus setoso-hirsuta, subtus lutescenti-viridis dense pilis mollibus breviter stipitatis stellato-tomentosa; panicula parva erecta pedunculata vix ultra 4 cm. longa angusta, ramis brevibus oppositis crassis divaricatis, floribus 5-meris ad apices ramulorum dense aggregatis; hypanthium campanulatum 2.5 mm. longum basi obtusum, densissime setulis crassis pallide lutescentibus inferne sensim incrassatis apice breviter stellato-ramosis indutum; calycis tubus brevissime productus, sepalis 5 ovato-rotundatis extus setulo- sis, lobis exterioribus subulatis vel subulato-triangularibus 1.6 mm. longis suberectis sepalis multo longioribus; petala alba glabra ovali- obovata 3.5-4 mm. longa reflexa apice rotundata vel obtusissima; filamenta gracillima glabra 4 mm. longa; antherae inaequales subu- STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 181 latae, longiores 3 mm. longae, breviores 2 mm. longae; stylus cras- siusculus 7 mm. longus prope basin sparse pilosulus, stigmate punctiformi. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Vicinity of Max- bal, about seventeen miles north of Barillas, Sierra de los Cuchu- matanes, alt. 1,500 meters, July 15-16, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 48831 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). This and M. tixixensis, although quite distinct species, are evidently closely related, and of somewhat uncertain position. The calyx and hypanthium in both are very densely covered with short stout spreading yellowish hairs, which are very finely stellate- branched at the tips, so very densely so that the calyx resembles a small bur. We have not observed such an indument on the calyx (and hypanthium) in any other Central American species of Miconia. The much elongate outer calyx lobes found in both species would place the species in Heterotrichum, a genus of somewhat dubious standing, but all the species of Heterotrichum of which we have examined material are quite uniform in general appearance, and very unlike these two Guatemalan species, which in general aspect are much like many other Miconia species. Miconia tixixensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex 1.5- 2.5 m. altus, ramis gracilibus densissime stellato-tomentosis, pilis pro parte parvis sessilibus, pro parte inferne incrassatis elongatis patentibus et apice breviter stellato-ramosis, tomento brunnescente, petiolis et inflorescentiis similiter indutis; folia subaequalia mem- branacea graciliter petiolata, petiolo 1-2 cm. longo; lamina lanceo- lata vel anguste lanceolata 8-12.5 cm. longa 2-3 cm. lata, longe anguste attenuato-acuminata basin acutam versus sensim angustata, supra viridis minute denseque scaberula, subtus glaucescens ubique dense minute pilis sessilibus stellato-puberula, 3-5-plinervia, nervis exterioribus obscuris et submarginalibus, interioribus alte supra basin laminae nascentibus; inflorescentia terminalis breviter pedun- culata pauciflora 2.5 cm. longa, ramis paucis crassis patentibus, floribus 5-meris ad apices ramulorum aggregatis; hypanthium in statu fructifero subglobosum 5 mm. longum, densissime echinulato- setulosum, pilis pallidis rigidis inferne incrassatis apice breviter stellato-ramosis; lobi exteriores calycis subulati erecti 2.5 mm. longi densissime ut hypanthium induti. — Guatemala: Dept. Chiquimula: Cerro Tixixi, three to five miles north of Jocotan, in cloud forest, alt. 1,500 meters, November 10, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 31585 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). 182 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 Both this and M. echinoidea are represented, unfortunately, only by rather scant and incomplete material, but both are clearly distinct from any other melastomes known from Guatemala and it is desirable to have names for. them. Additional material, if obtainable, will show that they are exceptionally distinct species, although there is always the possibility that they have been described from South America. In few groups of tropical American plants having large numbers of species do the species show such extreme instances of discontinuous distribution as in the Melastomaceae, so that the possibility of identifying these two plants with South American species is a very real one. COMPOSITAE Eupatorium crocodilium Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba perennis erecta usque ad 60 cm. alta, caulibus solitariis vel pluribus simplicibus vel sparse ramosis subteretibus, superne sparse minute puberulis vel strigillosis, inferne fere glabris, multifoliatis; folia opposita saepe in axillis fasciculis foliorum reductorum comitata, graciliter petiolata, firme membranacea, petiolo 1 cm. longo vel breviore glabro; lamina rhombico-ovata vel oblongo-ovata 2-3 cm. longa 1-1.5 cm. lata, apicem obtusum versus angustata, basi acuta vel late cuneata, 3-nervia, remote obscureque crenata, utrinque glabra; inflorescentia parva fastigiato-trichotoma terminalis longi- pedunculata, capitulis cymoso-fastigiatis, cymulis 1-3 densis 1.5-2 cm. latis; capitula campanulata lilacina 5 mm. longa, pedicellis usque ad 4 mm. longis crassiusculis minute puberulis vel strigillosis; phyl- laria ca. 3-seriata purpurascentia vel viridia, interioribus lineari- oblongis, apice rotundatis vel obtusissimis et minute apiculatis, minute puberula vel glabrata ciliolata, extimis brevissimis oblongis vel ovato-oblongis obtusis vel subacutis; flores ca. 15, corollis glabris 2.3 mm. longis; achaenia glabra nigra 4-angulata paullo ultra 1 mm. longa; pappi setae numerosae scaberulae albae 2.5 mm. longae.— Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Swampy places in large valley, Cie'naga de Lagartero, below Miramar, alt. 300 meters, August 29, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 51498 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Here may belong also Steyermark 38478, collected near Cristina, Izabal. The plant is one of mediocre appearance for the genus, and is evidently related to the very common E. pycnocephalum Less., one of the most widespread species of Central America. From all its not very numerous forms that differs in having broad-based leaves with abundant pubescence. STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 183 Eupatorium cupressorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex, ramis plus minusve recurvis teretibus striatis brunnescenti- bus sat dense villoso-tomentulosis; folia opposita breviter petiolata firme membranacea, petiolo usque ad 12 mm. longo dense breviter villoso; lamina ovata, oblongo-ovata vel lanceolato-oblonga, majores ca. 16 cm. longae atque 11 cm. latae, superiores angustiores, longis- sime attenuato-acuminata, basi breviter cordata vel late rotundata, 3-nervia, remote serrato-dentata vel repando-denticulata, supra sparse villosula vel puberula tactu asperula, venulis prominentibus et minute reticulatis, subtus paullo pallidior ad nervos venasque villosula, nervis venisque valde prominentibus, venulis prominenti- bus et arctissime reticulatis; inflorescentia thyrsoidea foliata ca. 22 cm. longa et 9 cm. lata, capitulis numerosis majusculis albis cymosis, cymulis paucicapitulatis racemosis, pedicellis crassis 4-8 mm. longis dense tomentulosis, bracteis bracteolisque plerumque linearibus vel subulatis saepe recurvis; capitula fere 1 cm. longa campanulata; phyllaria 2-3-seriata lanceolato-linearia, extima paullo breviora, omnia acuta sat dense pubescentia striata pallida; flores 40 vel ultra, corolla glabra filiformi-tubulosa involucrum duplo excedente; achaenia immatura 4-angulata pallida 2 mm. longa ad angulos hispidula, pappi setis rigidulis lutescenti-albis scaberulis corolla paullo brevioribus. — Guatemala: Dept. Totonicapan: Moist Cupres- sus forest, along road between San Francisco El Alto and Momos- tenango, alt. 2,220-3,000 meters, January 19, 1941, Paul C. Standley 84001 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). A well-marked species of distinctive appearance, not closely related to any other with which we are familiar. It is noteworthy for the long narrow thyrsiform inflorescence and for the large short- petiolate leaves which have three conspicuous nerves that are con- tinued to the apex of the blade. Eupatorium jejunum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Annua erecta gracillima 13-50 cm. alta simplex vel laxe pauciramosa, caule tereti pallide viridescente dense minute puberulo; folia parva tenuiter membranacea graciliter longipetiolata laete viridia, petiolo 1-2.5 mm. longo puberulo; lamina ovata, rhombico-ovata vel deltoideo- ovata 2.5-4 cm. longa 2-4 cm. lata acuta vel acuminata, basi truncata vel late rotundata, interdum subcordata, 3-nervia, grosse et aequa- liter crenato-dentata, supra sparsissime pilis brevibus albidis patenti- bus villosula vel fere glabra, subtus ad nervos venasque plus minusve puberula; capitula lilacina parva numerosa cymosa, paniculam magnam laxissimam efformantia, graciliter longipedicellata, pedicel- 184 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 lis 1 cm. longis vel brevioribus puberulis lineari-bracteolatis; involucrum fere 3 mm. longum campanulatum ; phyllaria aequalia vel subaequalia pallide viridia linearia acuta costulata glabra; flores ca. 40 phyllariis aequilongi; corollae glabrae 1.5 mm. longae; achaenia angusta nigra 1 mm. longa glabra; pappi setae albae paucae deciduae. —Guatemala: Dept. Jutiapa: Damp thicket, El Barrial, east of Jutiapa, alt. about 800 meters, October 30, 1940, Paul C. Standley 75788 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Between Jutiapa and Las Tunas, 850-900 meters, Standley 76260. Vicinity of Jutiapa, 850 meters, Standley 75299. Dept. Chiquimula: Shaded slopes of cafiada along Rio Playa, near Concepcion de las Minas, 1,200-1,700 meters, Steyermark 30869. Moist rocky slopes at base of waterfall, Socorro Mountain, near Concepcion de las Minas, 1,200-1,790 meters, Steyermark 30892. Dept. Santa Rosa: Rinconcito, 1,200 meters, Heyde & Lux 4206. Near Cuilapa, 895 meters, Standley 77714. A small and rather delicate plant, doubtless to be found only during the wetter months and withering as soon as the rains cease. Its closest relatives are not obvious. In general appearance it suggests E. Sinclairii Benth. (with which the Heyde and Lux col- lection was confused) and E. microstemon Cass., but in both those species the involucre is imbricate, while in this new species the phyllaries are all equal or nearly so in length. Eupatorium macrum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herbacea vel fruticosa ramosa, ramis gracilibus pallidis teretibus dense brevi- terque pilosis; folia opposita tenuiter membranacea petiolata, petiolo gracillimo 1-2.5 cm. longo minute piloso; lamina triangulari-lanceo- lata vel anguste rhombico-lanceolata 3.5-8.5 cm. longa 1.5-3.5 cm. lata, longe anguste attenuato-acuminata, apice ipso obtuso, basi acuta vel attenuata et ad petiolum longe decurrens, inconspicue undulato-dentata vel fere omnino integra, bene supra basin laminae 3-plinervia, supra viridis sparse minute puberula, subtus paullo pallidior densiuscule crispo-pubescens; inflorescentia laxe paniculata foliata, internodiis valde elongatis, ramis dichotomis gracillimis, capitulis sessilibus paucis ad apices ramulorum pauci-aggregatis, fasciculis pro parte sessilibus, pro parte pedunculatis; capitula cylindracea alba 6 mm. longa 5-flora; phyllaria inaequalia ca. 3-seriata straminea vel pallide viridescentia, interiora lineari-oblonga apice rotundata vel obtusa et tenuia obscure costulata sublucida, exteriora pauca brevissima oblongo-ovata acuta glabra ciliolata; corollae glabrae phyllariis vix longiores; achaenia nigrescentia 1.5 mm. longa dense sursum scaberula, pappi setis albis scaberulis STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 185 corollam fere aequantibus. — Guatemala: Dept. Chiquimula: Rocky banks, base of Cerro Colorado, along Rio Jocotan, near Jocotan, alt. 400 meters, November 9, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 31534 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). — Honduras: San Pedro Sula, 180^450 meters, May, 1888, C. Thieme 5334b. Apparently referable to the section Cylindrocephala, and of the relationship of E. Lozanoanum Robinson, although not closely related to that species, in which the glabrous leaves are rounded at the base. In E. Lozanoanum the axis of the inflorescence is con- tinuous, while in E. macrum it is repeatedly dichotomous, with a small cluster of heads in each fork of the branches. The Honduras specimen apparently was seen by Dr. Robinson, who failed to recognize it as new, doubtless because the specimen is in poor condition. Eupatorium mendax Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herbacea vel suffruticosa subscandens, ramis gracillimis viridescentibus teretibus glabris, internodiis elongatis; folia graciliter longipetiolata membranacea opposita, petiolo 1.5-2.5 cm. longo glabro; lamina ovata vel elliptico-ovata 5-7 cm. longa 2-4 cm. lata longiacuminata vel caudato-acuminata, basi obtusa vel rotundata, 3-nervia, grosse remoteque serrato-dentata, infra medium vulgo integra, supra viridis glabra sublucida, subtus concolor ad nervos pilis paucis albis inconspicuis conspersa; inflorescentia thyrsoideo-paniculata 10 cm. longa foliata, bracteis bracteolisque brevibus linearibus vel fere subulatis, ramis dense laxeque lutescenti-tomentulosis, pedicellis gracillimis tomentulosis usque 5 mm. longis; capitula numerosa subdense congesta 7 mm. longa 5-flora viridescenti-alba; involucrum fere cylindraceum, phyllariis ca. 3-seriatis, interioribus oblongo- linearibus pallide viridescentibus obtusis costulatis glabris sublucidis, extimis brevibus ovato-oblongis obtusis ciliatis; corollae glabrae involucre breviores; achaenia brevia glabra, pappi setis rigidulis lutescenti-albis. — Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Slopes of ba- rrancos along Rio Vega, between San Rafael and the Mexican border, Volcan de Tacana, alt. 2,500-3,000 meters, February 21, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 36341 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Although the heads in this species are more or less cylindric and suggestive of the section Cylindrocephala, the relationship is evidently with E. leucocephalum Benth., a very common plant of the Guatemalan mountains. In that, however, the leaves are relatively much narrower and 3-plinerved and the involucres are almost pure white, rather than pale green. 186 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 Eupatorium mimicum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex gracilis erectus ramosus 1-2.5 m. altus, ramis gracilibus teretibus brunnescentibus vel viridescentibus dense pilis fulvidis vel purpuras- centibus villosulis vel incurvo-puberulis; folia opposita graciliter petiolata membranacea, petiolo 1.5-4.5 cm. longo dense tomentu- loso; lamina deltoidea, rhombico-deltoidea vel ovato-deltoidea 3.5-8 cm. longa 2-5 cm. lata acuminata vel longiacuminata, basi truncata vel late rotundata 3-nervia, grosse inaequaliter crenata vel crenato- dentata, supra viridis sparse pilis pallidis crassis plurilocularibus villosula, subtus fere concolor ad nervos tomentulosa, ad nervos venasque vulgo sparse villosula minute glanduloso-puncticulata; inflorescentiae terminales cymoso-paniculatae vel subthyrsoideae foliatae vix ultra 6 cm. longae, bracteis linearibus vel fere subulatis paucis, capitulis paucis vel numerosis laxe cymoso-aggregatis, pedi- cellis gracilibus elongatis dense puberulis vel tomentulosis; capitula albida vel viridi-lutescentia 7-8 mm. longa ca. 8-flora; involucrum anguste campanulatum floribus duplo brevius, phyllariis subaequali- bus ca. 2-seriatis laxe imbricatis lanceolato-linearibus acutis vel longe acuminatis viridescentibus costulatis dense puberulis et minute glanduloso-puncticulatis; corolla tubulosa 4 mm. longa glabra pappo paullo brevior; achaenia nigra angusta 3 mm. longa dense minute hispidula; pappi setae lutescentes numerosae scaberu- lae. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Damp thicket, region of Las Nubes, south of San Martin Chile Verde, alt. about 2,250 meters, on white-sand mountain side, January 27, 1941, Paul C. Standley 85146 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); also no. 83662. Region of Boxantin, southeast of San Martin Chile Verde, 2,400 meters, Standley 83728. Damp dense forest, La Shuya, southwest of San Martin Chile Verde, 1,620 meters, Standley 67867. Slopes of Volcan de Zunil near Aguas Amargas, 2,450-2,850 meters, Standley 65439. Aguas Amargas, 2,450 meters, Standley 83329. Dept. San Marcos: Rio Vega, Volcan de Tacana, 2,500-3,000 meters, Steyermark 36360. Between Tajumulco and Tecutla, 1,800-2,500 meters, Volcan de Tajumulco, Steyermark 36815. This is a close ally of E. Coulteri Robinson, also Guatemalan, but apparently this is a distinct species, and the two have different ranges inside Guatemala. E. Coulteri differs from the present plant in having smaller heads, and leaves puberulent or scaberulous on the upper surface or nearly glabrous, rather than sparsely villosulous. Eupatorium plethadenium Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.— Frutex vel arbuscula 1-9-metralis, sat dense ramosa, ramis crassis STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 187 6-angulatis brunnescentibus vel fuscis, novellis sparse minute adpresso-tomentulosis vel fere omnino glabris; folia opposita in sicco subcoriacea petiolata, petiolo crasso 7-18 mm. longo glabro vel glabrato; lamina lanceolato-oblonga vel anguste elliptico-oblonga 7-13 cm. longa 3-5 cm. lata acuminata vel acuta, basi acuta vel acuminata, ima basi saepe late revoluta, penninervia, remote adpresso-serrata vel subintegra, in sicco saepe nigrescens, supra lucida glabra, nervis venisque non elevatis, subtus paullo pallidior glabra, saepius plus minusve nigro-puncticulata; inflorescentia dense multicapitata corymbosa convexa vel rotundata foliis vix longior 8-10 cm. lata fastigiato-ramosa, ramis pedicellisque ubique dense glanduloso-atomiferis vel minute puberulis, interdum glabratis, pedicellis crassiusculis vel gracilibus usque ad 7 mm. longis, bracteis bracteolisque conspicuis numerosis linearibus vel subulatis; capitula anguste campanulata 8-10 mm. longa purpureo-rosea ca. 8-flora; phyllaria ca. 6 mm. longa pauca subinaequalia, interiora lineari- oblonga apice rotundata purpurascentia subvernicosa et interdum ob- scure sparse puberula, extima 1-3 brevissima linearia vel lanceolato- oblonga, omnia laxe adpressa floribus plus quam duplo breviora; corollae tubulosae 7 mm. longae glabrae pappo paullo longiores; achaenia fere nigra 3.5 mm. longa glabra vel obscure minuteque puberula 4-angulata; pappi setae pallide purpurascentes 6 mm. longae inaequales leviter scaberulae. — Guatemala: Dept. Chimalte- nango : In Cupressus forest, region of Santa Elena, Cerro de Tecpam, alt. 2,400-2,700 meters, December 26, 1938, Paul C. Standley 61100 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); same locality, J. R. Johnston 433, Standley 60935, 58671. Dept. Solola: Volcan de Toliman, 2,700- 3,100 meters, Steyermark 47598. Dept. Huehuetenango: El Mirador, at summit of road leading from Huehuetenango to Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, 3,300 meters, Standley 81884. Above Macx, between Todos Santos and San Martin, 2,500-3,000 meters, Steyer- mark 51923. Above San Juan Ixcoy, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, 2,400 meters, Steyermark 49983. Between Tojquia and Caxin bluff, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, 3,700 meters, Steyermark 50174. Between San Mateo Ixtatan and Santa Eulalia, 2,800-3,100 meters, Steyermark 49932. In his work upon the genus Eupatorium Dr. Robinson perhaps would have treated this as only a variety of E. ligustrinum DC., but to us it appears to be a perfectly distinct local species, of rather abundant occurrence in the high mountains of central and north- western Guatemala. It is uniformly distinct from all forms of E. ligustrinum, as that is represented so abundantly in Mexico and 188 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 Central America, in the greatly reduced pubescence of the inflores- cences, which consists of dense, sessile or nearly sessile glands. The heads, too, are larger than in all or most forms of that species and the leaves, remarkably uniform in all our specimens, have a some- what distinctive outline, dentation, and general appearance. It may be remarked here that none of the Central American collections of this group agree with the type specimen of E. ligustrinum, which has obtuse and practically or quite entire leaves. The Guatemalan plant was described asE. semialatum Benth., from Zunil, but it was reduced, apparently properly, to synonymy under E. ligustrinum. Eupatorium Rojasianum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba metralis vel paullo humilior perennis gracilis ramosa, ramis teretibus viridescentibus minutissime sparseque puberulis vel fere glabris striatis; folia opposita graciliter petiolata membranacea, petiolo 2-5.5 cm. longo glabro; lamina deltoideo-ovata 3.5-7 cm. longa 1.5-4.5 cm. lata, longe anguste attenuato-acuminata, basi sub- truncata usque rotundo-cuneata, 3-nervia, arete atque aequaliter serrato-dentata, supra viridis fere glabra, subtus paullo pallidior fere glabra vel ad nervos vix puberula; capitula alba pauca vel numerosa 5-flora graciliter pedicellata in cymas parvas ramulos laterales terminantes aggregata, cymulis laxe paniculatis, pedicellis sparse minute pilosulis; involucrum cylindraceum 5 mm. longum, phyllariis pallide viridescentibus ca. 3-seriatis, interioribus anguste oblongis erectis apice rotundatis et subscariosis glabris, extimis brevibus adpressis ovali-ovatis obtusis; corollae glabrae graciliter tubulosae 2.5 mm. longae, fauce vix dilatato; achaenia nigra 1.6 mm. longa glabra, pappi setis albis corollam aequantibus. — Guate- mala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Damp thicket, near El Muro, below Santa Maria de Jesus, alt. about 1,200 meters, March 1, 1939, Paul C. Standley 67221 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). This, also, is apparently referable to section Cylindrocephala, and related to E. macrum, described on a preceding page. That has 3-plinerved, very pubescent leaves rather than 3-nerved, almost glabrous ones. The species is named for Professor Ulises Rojas, Director of the Jardin Botanico of Guatemala. Eupatorium salinum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex ramosus, ramis viridescentibus teretibus dense puberulis, ramulis fere rectangule divaricatis; folia inter minora longipetiolata mem- branacea opposita, petiolo 8-13 mm. longo dense puberulo vel breviter villosulo; lamina late triangulari-ovata 3-4.5 cm. longa STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 189 2-3.5 cm. lata apicem obtusum versus paullo angustata, basi fere truncata vel saepius late cuneata atque abrupte contracta, 3-nervia, grosse et saepius duplo crenata, utrinque dense pilis subadpressis griseo-pilosula vel villosula; inflorescentia laxe paniculata foliata, capitulis dense cymosulis paucis breviter pedicellatis, cymulis ramulos longos fere nudos laterales terminantibus, pedicellis densis- sime albido-villosulis; capitula campanulata lilacina 6 mm. longa ca. 50-flora; phyllaria subaequalia linearia, interiora cuspidato- acuminata, exteriora longiattenuata, viridescentia, dense puberula flores fere aequantia; corollae graciles anguste tubulosae fere glabrae sed ad basin dentium sparse pubescentes setis pappi subaequilongae; achaenia angusta nigra glabra 1.6 mm. longa, pappi setis lutescenti- albis.— Guatemala: Dept. Jutiapa: In shade of bushes in salt flat, dry plateau in chaparral between railroad station of Mita and town of Asuncion Mita, alt. 650 meters, November 13, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 31775 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). In general appearance as well as in most of its detailed characters this plant is much likeE. azureum DC. of northeastern Mexico. Eupatorium saxorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba perennis erecta ca. 20 cm. alta, caulibus pluribus simplicibus vel sparse ramosis sparsissime breviter pilosulis vel fere glabris teretibus brunnescentibus vel purpurascentibus, inferne sat dense foliatis; folia parva opposita breviter petiolata crasse membranacea, petiolo crassiusculo 3-5 mm. longo sparse pubescente vel fere glabro; lamina ovata, deltoideo-ovata vel oblongo-ovata 1-2 cm. longa 6-15 mm. lata, apicem obtusum versus angustata, basi rotundata, 3- nervia, inconspicue crenato-serrata vel fere integra, supra viridis minute scaberula vel glabrata, subtus fere concolor ad nervos venasque strigosa vel fere glabra; capitula pauca ca. 6 mm. longa longe graciliter pedicellata ad apices caulium cymoso-fasciculata ca. 15-flora, inflorescentiis simplicibus vel e cymulis 3 longipedunculatis compositis, bracteis linearibus vel subulatis paucis; phyllaria pauca lanceolato-linearia viridia acuta vel acuminata 2-3-costulata glabra vel glabrata ciliolata floribus multo breviora; corollae graciles glabrae 3 mm. longae albae; achaenia nigrescentia 2 mm. longa ad angulos hispidula, pappi setis albidis vel pallide purpurascentibus corolla paullo brevioribus scaberulis. — Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Dry shaded rocky slopes, between Sibinal and summit of Volcan de Tacana, alt. 2,500-4,000 meters, February 19, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 36075 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Huehuete- nango: Open limestone Juniperus forest, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, 190 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23 along road beyond La Pradera, km. 32, about 3,300 meters, Decem- ber 31, 1940, Standley 81808. In general appearance this plant looks like a reduced form of E. pycnocephalum Less, but in that the involucre is several-seriate rather than having the phyllaries all subequal in length. Its affini- ties may be rather with E. pazcuarense HBK. of Mexico and Guate- mala, but that is quite different in general appearance, being a large coarse plant with large leaves and very numerous heads. Eupatorium vetularum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex 2-3-metralis ramosus, ramis crassis teretibus striatis brunneis, novellis dense pilis brunneis plurilocularibus simplicibus vel glandu- liferis villoso-tomentosis; folia opposita in sicco subcoriacea petiolata, petiolo crasso 15-18 mm. longo brunneo-tomentoso; lamina elliptico- oblonga vel ovato-oblonga 8-11 cm. longa 3-4.5 cm. lata acuta, basi acuta et saepe obliqua, penninervia, grosse serrata vel dentata, supra viridis puberula vel sparse breviter villosula tactu asperula, nervis venisque inconspicuis, subtus pallidior ubique sparse villo- sula, ad costam stipitato-glandulosa, epunctata vel obscure et minutissime puncticulata; inflorescentia corymbosa dense multi- capitata convexa interdum 13 cm. lata, ramis fastigiatis dense villosulis et glanduloso-pilosis, bracteis bracteolisque conspicuis linearibus vel subulatis, pedicellis brevibus vel elongatis rectis crassiusculis; capitula 10-12 mm. longa ca. 15-flora pallide rosea turbinato-campanulata; involucrum ca. 7 mm. longum floribus fere duplo brevius, phyllariis subaequalibus vel paullo inaequalibus lanceolato-linearibus subadpressis attenuato-acutis dense stipitato- glanduliferis et minute villosulis; corolla anguste tubulosa glabra 7 mm. longa pappo paullo vel vix longior; achaenia tenuia fusca 3 mm. longa dense glanduloso-atomif era ; pappi setae longae pallide purpurascentes. — Guatemala: Dept. Totonicapan: Low damp thicket, common, region of Chiu Jolom, mountains above Totoni- capan, on the road to Desconsuelo, alt. 2,800-3,100 meters, January 23, 1941, Paul C. Standley 84404 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Quezaltenango: Volcan de Santo Tomas, 2,500-3,700 meters, Steyermark 34823 (sterile but probably referable here). Dept. Chimaltenango: Dense Cupressus forest, Cerro de Tecpam, region of Santa Elena, 2,700 meters, Standley 58714. The relationship of this is with E. ligustrinum DC., a common species of the Guatemalan mountains. In that the heads and involucres are very much shorter than in E. vetularum and the heads have less numerous flowers. The description of E. Caeciliae Robin- STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 191 son, based upon a plant from this same region, suggests the present plant but unless the description is very inaccurate, which is not likely to be the case, the two plants are quite different. Eupatorium vetularum is dedicated to the shepherdesses that one often sees along this stretch of the International Highway of Guatemala, a dreary region, cold, bleak, and swept by perpetual wind, fog, and driving rain. These old women probably are kindly and quite ordinary by nature but in appearance they are most forbidding as well as unbelievably picturesque. All day long they tend their sheep, seated on some cold wet bank, swathed in long black flowing garments of funereal aspect, each of the old crones wearing a wide- brimmed black hat with a narrow tall peaked crown, just like the conventional witches pictured in children's story books. They are one of a great number of improbable and almost unbelievable things to be seen in Guatemala, away from tourist-infested routes. Eupatorium zunilanum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Suf- frutescens 60-90 cm. alta sparse laxeque ramosa, caulibus teretibus viridescentibus dense pilis longis patentibus albidis glanduliferis villosis, internodiis elongatis; folia opposita longissime petiolata membranacea, petiolo gracili 2.5-6.5 cm. longo glanduloso-villoso saepe lamina longiore; lamina deltoidea vel ovato-deltoidea 4-7.5 cm. longa 3-6 cm. lata acuta vel acuminata, basi truncata, 3-nervia, grosse et fere aequaliter crenata, supra sparse pilosa vel villosula, subtus fere concolor ubique sparse villosula; inflorescentia corymbi- formis laxa sparse ramosa ca. 12 cm. alta et aequilata, ramis elon- gatis, capitulis longipedicellatis laxe cymosis, pedicellis plerumque 1-2 cm. longis sat dense glanduloso-pilosis; capitula pauca alba 10-12 mm. longa campanulata 30-35-flora; phyllaria subaequalia pallide viridescentia late linearia, acuta et superne scariosa dense glanduloso-pubescentia, interdum purpurascentia, costulata; corollae glabrae 5-6 mm. longae involucro vix longiores, fauce sensim dila- tato; achaenia nigra crassiuscula minutissime puberula vel fere glabra, pappi setis albis paucis minute scaberulis deciduis. — Guate- mala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Volcan de Zunil, alt. 2,500-3,800 meters, January 22, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 34744 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Northeastern slopes of barranco of Volcan de Zunil, in Abies forest, 3,000 meters, Steyermark 34905. The plant is related perhaps to E. prunellaefolium HBK., a species found in Guatemala, but that differs conspicuously in habit, in the smaller heads in a more compact inflorescence, and in the smaller leaves on relatively short petioles. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA