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CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE 
ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY 


No. 28: THE SUMMER BIRDS OF SUDBURY DISTRICT, 
ONTARIO 


By JAMES L. BAILLIE, JR. AND CLIFFORD E. HOPE 


LIBRARY 
ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEL 


Kenogamissi 


yy) | , 
Lake Levasset + Jamot A 
Bigwood 


Sudbury District, Ontario, showing localities mentioned in the text. 


THE SUMMER BIRDS 
OF SUDBURY DISTRICT, ONTARIO 


By JAMES L. BAILLIE, JR. AND CLIFFORD E. HOPE 


Introduction 


URTHER work on the study of the summer avifauna of 
kK Ontario, begun by the Museum in 1923, was prosecuted in 
1937 along the Canadian Pacific Railway in the District of 
Sudbury. Three areas were investigated, a period of three weeks 
being spent at each. First, from May 30 to June 20, the authors 
worked the area about Chapleau; then, from June 20 to July 11, 
we studied the bird-life of the Biscotasing area, and finished the 
summer’s work by spending from July 12 to 29 at Bigwood, on 
the French River. 

Chapleau is a railroad divisional point, lying just north of the 
height of land. It has an altitude of 1,412 feet above sea-level 
(White, 1916). The population at the time of our visit was 
2,800, mostly railroaders and their families. Biscotasing, the site 
of our second camp, has an altitude of 1,334 feet and lies south of 
the height of land. Its population was about 200, consisting 
mostly of French Canadians and Indians. Our last camp, Big- 
wood, lies at the southern edge of Sudbury District. The altitude 
there is 635 feet. It lies in a rural, limited-farming community 
of French Canadians. 

The topography of the area in the northern part of the District 
is “rolling, and the rivers are interrupted by many lake extensions. 
The bed-rock is of Precambrian granites and gneisses, with a 
coarse and somewhat thin overburden of glacial debris... ,”’ 
(Halliday, 1937). Throughout the district as a whole, the forest 
cover consists mainly of White Spruce, Quaking Aspen, Balsam 
Fir, Black Spruce, Jack Pine and Paper Birch. Few muskegs 
exist. The vegetation in the Bigwood area is distinctly more 
southern in its aspect than elsewhere in Sudbury District, with a 
greater variety of deciduous growth in the forest. Sharpe and 
Brodie (1931) give the average growing season for Sudbury 
District as 73 days, which would be somewhat more lengthy in 
the area around Bigwood. 

The area under discussion, with the exception of the extreme 
southern parts, is within the Canadian life-zone of Merriam 
(Snyder, 1938), containing such characteristic breeding species as 


1 


Pigeon Hawk, Canada Jay, Brown-headed Chickadee, Olive- 
backed Thrush, Cape May Warbler and Bay-breasted Warbler. 
At Bigwood, on the southern fringe of the District, none of these 
_was present. On the other hand, present in southern Sudbury 
and absent from the northern parts of the District, were such 
species as Wood Pewee, Catbird, Wilson’s Thrush, Eastern 
Meadowlark, Baltimore Oriole and Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Ad- 
ditional evidence of a more southern fauna at Bigwood was the 
prevalence of Whip-poor-will, Brown Thrasher and Bobolink. 

In the course of our field-work in Sudbury District, and 
subsequently, assistance has been received from various residents 
of the area. For accommodation, transportation and supplies, 
thanks are extended to Mr. Earl Freeborn, then Mayor of Chap- 
leau (since deceased), Mr. Frank Cook, then Manager of the 
Dominion Stores, Chapleau, Mr. L. C. Braniff, Manager of the 
Pratt and Shanacy Store at Biscotasing, Mr. Herb N. Baker of 
Bigwood (since deceased), and Mr. J. Hornsby, C.P.R. Agent at 
Bigwood. In addition, assistance has been received from Dr. 
Fred A. E. Starr, of Sudbury. Help was also given by Messrs. 
S. C. Downing and L. A. Prince, who were in the District during 
the summer doing mammal work in the interests of the Museum. 

The only significant report on the summer birds of the District 
published previous to our survey, was that of Alberger (1890), 
who spent ten weeks at Sudbury in the summer of 1889. Alberger, 
of Ithaca, N.Y., published a list of the 78 species he saw in 
Ornithologist and Oologist, and included statements concerning the 
breeding of 36 species. This list has been considered in the prepa- 
ration of the present paper, and quoted therein wherever occasion 
warranted. A few other published references to the bird-life of 
the area are to be found in the annotated list. 

Reference has been made, in the preparation of this paper, 
to a few lists of birds observed in summer in Sudbury District, on 
file in the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology: those of Mr. John 
B. Walty (Washagami, 1936-8), Mr. Donald Guthrie (1946) and 
Dr. D. A. MacLulich (Wanapitei, 1929). Mr. Walty’s records 
comprise 94 species; those of Dr. MacLulich, 77. Mr. Guthrie’s 
list totalled 83. In addition, Dr. A. E. Allin and Dr. P. Harrington 
have supplied us with a list of their observations at Biscotasing 
in June, 1941, and Mr. A. Cringan has allowed us access to his 
list from Chapleau (June, 1944). 

One hundred and sixteen species of birds were noted by us in 
1937, of which 100 were collected. Representatives of 72 species 
in juvenile plumage are to be found in our collection which 
totalled 744 skins. 

The list which follows comprises 130 species of summer birds. 


2 


The American Ornithologists’ Union Check-list of N. A. Birds 
(1931) and its supplements (1944-6) have been used for Latin 
designations. For the English names of species, we have followed 
Taverner (1934). Where satisfactory subspecific conclusions have 
been reached, trinomials have been indicated. 


Annotated List 


Gavia immer. Common Loon.—From one to three loons were seen 
almost daily at each of our three camps, and at various intermediate 
points. According to Dr. MacLulich, young were seen first on July 8, 
1929 at Wanapitei Provincial Forest. Alberger (1890) records the loon 
as common at Sudbury during the summer of 1889; fresh eggs were 
found July 6. A set of two eggs, taken at Lake Welcome, June 15, 1911, 
by A. E. Allin, is in R.O.M.Z. 

A specimen of an adult was secured at Biscotasing on June 15th. It 
was not sexed but its measurements indicate that it represents the 
typical form, zmmer. The measurements are: Curve of wing, 363 mm., 
culmen, 87 mm., and depth of culmen at nostril, 24 mm. 

? June 15, Biscotasing 


Podilymbus podiceps. Pied-billed Grebe.—Alberger (1890) found this 
grebe to be tolerably common at Sudbury in 1889 where he collected a 
well-developed young bird on August 5. 


Ardea herodias. Great Blue Heron.—A few Great Blue Herons were 
seen at each of our camps, never more than one bird on any day. Dr. 
MacLulich has given us particulars concerning a heronry, or heronries, 
in the summer of 1929 at ‘‘Mowat Creek and on Conc. 1, Lot 1, Norman 
Twp.” in the Wanapitei Provincial Forest, and an anonymous writer 
(1910) has reported the species nesting in 1909 at the ‘‘Wahnapitae 
River.”’ 


Botaurus lentiginosus. American Bittern.—A few bitterns were seen at 
Bigwood almost daily. The only other record was an individual heard 
‘“pumping’’ between 4.30 and 5 a.m. on June 2nd at Chapleau. At 
Sudbury in 1889, Alberger (1890) considered the bittern to be tolerably 
common. On July 13th and 14th, 1937, at Bigwood, two broods of young 
were seen in a thick stand of willows and alders, interspersed with small 
grassy clearings. The first brood contained two fully-fledged young, 
perched in the trees; the second contained three small nestlings, which 
left the nest in the grass at our approach. The parent female of the 
second brood was nearby. 
Juv. July 13, Bigwood Nestling Q July 14, Bigwood 
Nestling 9 July 13, Bigwood Q July 14, Bigwood 


Anas rubripes. Black Duck.—This was a rather rare summer resident 
of the District, but was seen at each of our three camps. An adult male 


3 


was secured on July 22nd, at Bigwood. Mr. John Walty observed broods 
of young on June 8, 1937, at Washagami. According to Dr. MacLulich, 
it was ‘fairly common”’ in the summer of 1929 in the Wanapitei Pro- 
vincial Forest, and Alberger (1890) considered it to be abundant in the 
summer of 1889 at Sudbury, breeding. 


oO July 22, Bigwood 


Anas discors. Blue-winged Teal.—Noted in the southern part of the 
District during the summer of 1946 by Mr. Donald Guthrie; on July 27, 
29 and 30. 


Glaucionetta clangula. Common Golden-eye.—Golden-eyes were noted 
only at Chapleau, where from two to four adult females were seen 
between June 5th and 12th on Cote Lake, where we made our head- 
quarters. In the summer of 1929, Dr. MacLulich found it nesting in 
Wanapitei Provincial Forest, and on July 3, 1906, Morris (1907) saw 
broods of downy young at Lake Curtis, north of Lake Wake. 


Clangula hyemalis. Old-squaw.—One was seen between June 8 and 17, 
1938 by Mr. Walty at Washagami. 


Lophodytes cucullatus. Wooded Merganser.—At Chapleau and Bis- 
cotasing a few females of this species were encountered. On June 30th, 
at the latter place, a downy young bird was captured (died July 3rd) 
and on July 5th a parent female was seen with six small young, in a 
flooded bay littered with fallen trees and stubs. Alberger (1890) re- 
ported it tolerably common at Sudbury in 1889; young well-developed 
by the end of July. 


Downy & July 3, Biscotasing Q July 5, Biscotasing 


Mergus merganser. Common Merganser.—At Chapleau and Biscotasing 
a few adult females were seen. The only breeding record was made on 
July 5th, when a brood of about twelve large downy young was en- 
countered, with their parent, on the rocky edge of Biskotasi Lake. Mr. 
Walty saw young in June, 1937, and a female with ten young in June 
1938. It was the commonest duck at Washagami in June, 1936, accord- 
ing to Mr. Walty, and Alberger (1890) considered it to be common and 
breeding at Sudbury in 1889. 


Downy 2 July 5, Biscotasing 


Accipiter striatus. Sharp-shinned Hawk.—On June 7th we established 
our only record of this species, when an adult was collected at Chapleau. 
However, it was noted at Chapleau during the summer of 1944 by Mr. 
Alex Cringan; at Washagami in June of 1936 and 1938, by Mr. Walty; 
and at Wanapitei Provincial Forest in the summer of 1929, by Dr. 
MacLulich. 


It bred at Sudbury in the summer of 1889, according to Alberger 


(1890). 
o June 7, Chapleau 


Accipiter cooperii. Cooper’s Hawk.—Occasional and breeding at Sudbury 
in 1889, according to Alberger (1890). 


Buteo jamaicensis. Red-tailed Hawk.—Individual Red-tailed Hawks 
were seen on four different days during our stay at Chapleau, three of 
them at our camp headquarters and one at Loon Lake, eight miles 
southeast of Chapleau. None was seen elsewhere. 


Buteo platypterus. Broad-winged Hawk.—This was a_ generally dis- 
tributed hawk of the area. Few were observed at Chapleau and Big- 
wood, but at Biscotasing it was not uncommon. At Biscotasing, on 
June 25th, a nest was found thirty feet from the ground in a White Spruce 
in mixed woods. The female was flushed from the nest, which contained 
one newly hatched young. The nest was not large and contained green 
deciduous leaves, on which the nestling was sitting. 

A specimen taken at Chapleau on June 9th was still in the immature 
plumage of the previous year. There was little indication of post-juvenal 
moult. It appeared from an examination of the ovaries that the bird 
was not in breeding condition. A male collected at Biscotasing on June 
23rd was carrying a large toad in its claws. 


Imm. 2 June 9, Chapleau Q June 25, Biscotasing 
o June 22, Biscotasing Downy 2 June 25, Biscotasing 
o June 23, Biscotasing o' July 5, Biscotasing 


o June 24, Biscotasing 


Halhaeetus leucocephalus. Bald Eagle-—We saw no Bald Eagles but it 
has been reported to Dr. Starr that the species has nested at Wanapitei 
Lake for years. Other records of the summer presence of this species 
have been recorded by Morris (1907) and Alberger (1890). The former 
concerned one seen at Winnebago June 30, 1906; the latter, one with 
well-developed young, July 18, 1889, at Sudbury. 


Circus cyaneus. Marsh Hawk.—Observations of this species were made 
at Chapleau and Biscotasing, on six different days. All concerned 
individual birds. A few were seen in the summer of 1929 at Wanapitei 
Provincial Forest by Dr. MacLulich. 


Pandion hahaetus. Osprey.—A few ospreys were seen almost daily at 
our camp at Biscotasing (three on June 22nd). At Chapleau, only two 
individuals were seen, and at Bigwood, only one. Mr. Cringan reported 
the species breeding in 1944 forty miles south of Chapleau, and Alberger 
(1890) reports a pair with young nearly full-grown on July 12, 1889. 


Falco columbarius. Pigeon Hawk.—Three individuals of this hawk were 
seen during the summer: two of them at Chapleau, the other at 
Biscotasing. 


O1 


Falco sparverius. American Sparrow Hawk.—We were greatly surprised 
to find this species so rare in the District. Only two were seen by our 
party, one (from the train) on May 30th at Chelmsford, and one at 
Chapleau on June 9th. Dr. Starr reports that it ‘“‘used to be found 
regularly along the C.P.R. tracks where they skirt Lake Ramsay at 
Sudbury.”’ It was scarce at Wanapitei Provincial Forest in the summer 
of 1929, according to Dr. MacLulich. Alberger (1890), however, re- 
ported it common and breeding in 1889 at Sudbury. 


Canachites canadensis. Spruce Grouse.—One Spruce Grouse, seen on 
June 14th at Chapleau by Dr. Harrington, is our only record for that 
locality. At Biscotasing, however, a female with at least two small 
young, was encountered on July 9th. The species was not seen at Big- 
wood. In the spring of 1935 a set of seven eggs was collected by Mr. 
Gordon Langevin about fifteen miles northeast of Biscotasing. These 
eggs were seen later in the collection of Mr. Edwin Dixon, of Barrie 
(then of Unionville, Ont.) Published records, by Morris (1907), and 
Alberger (1890), refer to the presence of the species at Winnebago in 
June, 1906, and at Sudbury in the summer of 1889, respectively, and 
there are specimens in the R.O.M.Z.: from Metagama and Warren. 
Downy @ July 9, Biscotasing 2 July 9, Biscotasing 


Bonasa umbellus. Ruffed Grouse.—This grouse was not uncommon at 
Chapleau and Biscotasing; only one brood was seen at Bigwood. It 
contained about eight young, two-thirds grown, accompanied by the 
female parent. A female at Chapleau on June 8th had ten small downy 
young. She attacked Mr. Hope spiritedly. .In the summer of 1929 at 
Wanapitei Provincial Forest, Dr. MacLulich found it to be common, 
“large broods seen after June 29.”’ ‘‘Percyval,”’ writing in Forest & 
Stream (1888), considered it to be “plentiful beyond precedent”’ in the 
summer of 1887 at Sudbury. 

According to a recent study of the species (Snyder and Shortt, 1946), 
the form occupying Sudbury District is Bonasa u. canescens of Todd, 
now renamed Bonasa u. obscura (Todd, 1947). Intergradation with Bonasa 
u. togata in the more southern sections of Sudbury District is indicated. 
There are specimens in the R.O.M.Z. from Nairn Centre and Sudbury. 


o' June 5, Chapleau Juv. co June 28, Biscotasing 
Q June 8, Chapleau 2 juv. 9s June 28, Biscotasing 
5 downy 9s June 8, Chapleau Q July 1, Biscotasing 
2 downy o's June 8, Chapleau Juv.c’ July 1, Biscotasing 
o' June 14, Chapleau Juv. 2 July 8, Biscotasing 
o June 15, Chapleau Juv. co July 23, Bigwood 


Juv. o June 23, Biscotasing 


Pedioecetes phasianellus. Sharp-tailed Grouse.—Snyder (1935) records 
that during the summer of 1933, following an emigration of the northern 
form of this species (P.p. phasianellus), there were reports of summer 


6 


occurrence and nesting in areas south of the normal breeding range, 
including Sudbury District. However, the species did not become 
established in southern areas. 


Fulica americana. American Coot.—Alberger (1890) records this species 
as occasional and breeding at Sudbury in 1889, and Scott (1901) reports 
it at Lake Levasse in the summer of 1901. We did not observe the 
species. 


Charadrius voctiferus. Killdeer Plover.—This was not an uncommon 
summer resident of the District, seen in fair numbers at Biscotasing and 
Bigwood, but rarely at Chapleau. A set of four eggs, ready to hatch, 
was collected on June 21st at Biscotasing, from a nest on the ground 
in a stumpy field. The male parent was in attendance. The first young 
observed at Bigwood was a fully-grown bird on July 18th. On July 24th 
at Bigwood, two one-third-grown downy young swam well as we forced 
them to take to the water. Dr. Starr found a set of four eggs at Sudbury 
on May 25, 1935; these eggs were ready to hatch. 


A skin specimen, collected at Washagami June 8, 1937, by Mr. 
J. B. Walty, is in the R.O.M.Z. 


Q June 16, Chapleau 2juv. 2s July 2, Biscotasing 
o' June 21, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 21, Bigwodd 
o June 29, Biscotasing o July 21, Bigwood 
Q June 29, Biscotasing Downy 2 July 24, Bigwood 


Philohela minor. American Woodcock.—Between july 15th and 22nd, 
from two to five woodcock were seen daily at Bigwood, at a little wet, 
grassy, alder swamp. None was seen elsewhere. 


Capella gallinago. Wilson’s Snipe.—One snipe, seen at Biscotasing on 
June 26th, in a boggy area along the lakeshore, was all that we observed 
during the summer of 1937. In June, 1938, Mr. Walty saw the species 
at Washagami. 


Actitis macularia. Spotted Sandpiper.—This was a generally distributed 
and fairly common bird of the region. The first evidence of breeding 
secured was at Biscotasing where four newly-hatched young were col- 
lected from the nest on June 20th. Hatched eggs were found within 
fifty feet of the nest. The parent attending a downy young collected on 
June 25th, was the male. Two eggs were found in a nest on June 29th. 
By July 5th young Spotted Sandpipers were fairly large and well- 
feathered. At Bigwood, on July 14th, young were in full plumage and 
capable of flight. A family of four young, about one-third-grown, seen 
at Bigwood on July 24th, was accompanied by the male parent. Alberger 
(1890) states that fresh eggs were taken at Sudbury on July 1, 1889. 


7 


3downy @s June 20, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 7, Biscotasing 


Downy & June 20, Biscotasing oS July 7, Biscotasing 
oO June 22, Biscotasing Juv. & July 16, Bigwood 
Downy ? June 25, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 23, Bigwood 
co June 25, Biscotasing Juv. July 24, Bigwood 
Downy ? June 26, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 24, Bigwood 
Downy 2 June 26, Biscotasing co July 24, Bigwood 


co June 26, Biscotasing 


Tringa solitaria. Solitary Sandpiper.—Noted by Mr. Donald Guthrie 
in the vicinity of 18-mile Lake, near the French River, on August 29, 
1946. 


Larus argentatus. Herring Gull.—This gull was seen in small numbers 
throughout the District but on July 15th, at Bigwood, 75 were seen 
along the French River. A small colony, reported to us by Dr. Starr, 
nests on an island in Wanapitei Lake. 


Q July 22, Bigwood 


Larus delawarensis. Ring-billed Gull.—This gull was seen only at 
Bigwood, where upwards of one hundred adults were seen over culti- 
vated farmland, between July 18th and 24th. 

o July 24, Bigwood 


Sterna hirundo. Common Tern.—On the day of our departure from 
Sudbury District, July 29th, two birds of this species were seen on an 
arm of the French River at Bigwood. 


Ectopistes migratorius. Passenger Pigeon.—Clarke (1892) reports one 
of these birds seen at the south end of Lake Kenogamissi in late July, 
1892. At Gogama, it occurred in “hundreds of thousands” and quite a 
number nested in the crotches of birches along the shores of the lakes 
there, according to Mr. James Miller, of Gogama. (Mitchell, 1935). 


Coccyzus erythropthalmus. Black-billed Cuckoo.—This was a rather 
common bird at Biscotasing and Bigwood, but at Chapleau, four seen 
on June 17th, were our only observations. At Biscotasing the call-notes 
of this species were heard regularly about the village, day and night. 
However, residents could not recall having heard them in previous years. 
A serious outbreak of Forest Tent Caterpillars in parts of Sudbury 
District that summer may have accounted for their presence. The Black- 
billed Cuckoo was common in 1937 at Sudbury, according to Dr. Starr. 
Females collected at Biscotasing on June 24th and 29th were uttering 
the usual call notes of the species—‘‘cow cow” as well as “‘cow-ow 
cow-ow.”’ Eight of the eleven adults collected during the summer were 
of that sex. All vocal cuckoos collected during the summer were females 
and all possessed thick layers of fat on the skin of their necks. The only. 
males taken, July 7th, 9th and 20th, were silent and did not possess the 
above-mentioned neck fat. It seems clear that both fat and “song”’ 


8 


are correlated with sex. The only juveniles secured, two at Bigwood, 
on July 19th and 20th respectively, possessed greenish-yellow eye-rings 
(adults were red). One was a male, the other a female. Dr. Starr 
informs us that he found a nest with three eggs and one young at Sudbury 
on June 20, 1936. Alberger (1890) records a cuckoo as ‘“‘occasional”’ at 
Sudbury in the summer of 1889. This record likely refers to this species. 


2 June 24, Biscotasing Oo July 9, Biscotasing 
Q June 28, Biscotasing 2 July 13, Bigwood 

Q June 29, Biscotasing Juv. co July 19, Bigwood 

2 July 3, Biscotasing oo July 20, Bigwood 

Q July 5, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 20, Bigwood 

2 July 6, Biscotasing Q July 22, Bigwood 
o July 7, Biscotasing 


Bubo virginianus. Great Horned Owl.—Our party saw a few individuals 
of this species at Chapleau and at Biscotasing. A few were also noted 
by Dr. MacLulich in the summer of 1929 at Wanapitei Provincial 
Forest, and a nest was reported to him. One was hooting at 3.15 a.m. 
on July Ist, during a rainstorm, at Biscotasing. 


Strix varia. Barred Owl.—The inclusion of this species in a summer bird 
list from Sudbury District is based on the finding of a desiccated carcass 
by Dr. Harrington in a tree at Boucher, near Chapleau on June 138th 
and on a record made by Mr. Walty. The skull of the carcass was 
preserved. The approximate date of death, of course, could not be 
determined. Mr. Walty noted the species at Washagami between 
June 7 and 18, 1937. 
Skull ? 1937, Chapleau 


Caprimulgus vociferus. Whip-poor-will.—The Whip-poor-will was a 
rather common bird at Bigwood throughout our stay. One heard at 
Biscotasing on June 26th was our only other record. According to Dr. 
Starr, it is commonly heard around Sudbury, and more commonly at 
Lake Penage. Mr. Walty noted it commonly at Washagami in June, 
1936. It was also present there in June of 1937 and 1938. Dr. Mac- 
Lulich, who spent the summer of 1929 at Wanapitei Provincial Forest, 
reports; ‘““Few in Parkin Twp., over forested area, and fairly common in 
Norman and Aylmer Twps., over burns.’’ Alberger (1890) considered it 
tolerably common at Sudbury in the summer of 1889. 

o July 18, Bigwood Oo July 27, Bigwood 

o July 25, Bigwood 


Chordeiles minor. Nighthawk.—This was a rather common bird at 
Chapleau and Bigwood, but uncommon at Biscotasing. On June 11th, 
at Chapleau, two eggs (incubation commenced) were found on the needles 
beneath some Jack Pines, in a Jack Pine barren. A female was collected 
on July 22nd at Bigwood as she left two eggs (heavily incubated) on the 


9 


bare rock under Jack Pines. It was common and breeding at Sudbury 
in 1889, according to Alberger (1890). 

9 June 11, Chapleau 2 o's July 20, Bigwood 

o June 12, Chapleau * 9 July 22, Bigwood 

o' July 17, Bigwood 


Chaetura pelagica. Chimney Swift.—A few pairs of swifts were seen at 
each of the various stations at which we collected. On June 9th an old 
nest was found attached to the wall inside an abandoned frame building 
forty miles south of Chapleau. At Biscotasing a new nest was discovered 
on June 21st inside a brick chimney of a disused frame building. At the 
Sudbury high school building, large flocks sometimes gather, according 
to Dr. Starr. It was common at Sudbury in the summer of 1889, ac- 
cording to Alberger (1890). Green (1930) publishes the capture of one 
by A. Chevrier at Markstay. The bird had been banded on October 16, 
1928, at Chattanooga, Tennessee. 
Q June 25, Biscotasing 


Archilochus colubris. Ruby-throated Hummingbird.—This species was 
seen on but few occasions during the summer, twice at Chapleau and 
thrice at Bigwood. It was seen at Washagami by Mr. Walty in June 
of 1986 and 1938, and at Biscotasing two were seen in June, 1941 by 
Drs, A. E.-Allin:and.P: Harrington. 

Imm. oc Aug. 4, Bigwood 


Megaceryle alcyon. Belted Kingfisher.—The Kingfisher was a well- 
distributed and fairly common summer resident of the area we visited. 
A nest-tunnel excavated from a low sandbank forty miles south of 
Chapleau on June 9th contained six eggs (incubation commenced). The 
tunnel entrance was one foot below the top of the bank and the depth 
of the tunnel was four feet. The male, secured from the tunnel (just 
before noon), was apparently incubating. 
o' June 9, 40 miles south of Chapleau 


Colaptes auratus. Yellow-shafted Flicker.—This was a common and 
generally distributed species of the region. It was found breeding at 
all of our camps. 

The four adults collected agree in every measurement with the race 
luteus. 


Q June 12, Chapleau Juv. 2 July 17, Bigwood 
o July 9, Biscotasing Q July 17, Bigwood 
oO July 14, Bigwood Juv. o& July 21, Bigwood 


Ceophloeus pileatus. Pileated Woodpecker.—A few Pileated Wood- 
peckers were seen in the Chapleau region. On June 9th, forty miles 
south of Chapleau, a pair was found nesting in a large dead stub. The 
nest-cavity (which contained young birds) was 25 feet above the ground. 
In June of 1936 and 1937 the species was noted at Washagami by Mr. 


10 


Walty, and Alberger (1890) reported it as “‘occasional’’ during the 
summer of 1889 at Sudbury. 


o June 9, 40 miles south of Chapleau 
Q June 9, 40 miles south of Chapleau 


Sphyrapicus varius. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.—The Sapsucker was 
well distributed throughout the region but only in small numbers. Evi- 
dence of breeding was obtained at Bigwood, where juveniles not long 
out of the nest were encountered on and after July 14th. A male taken 
at Washagami on June 8, 1938, by Mr. Walty is in the R.O.M.Z. 
collection. 


o' June 2, Chapleau Juv. July 15, Bigwood 

co June 7, Chapleau o& July 20, Bigwood 

Q June 11, Chapleau Juv. o July 21, Bigwood 

o June 15, Chapleau Juv. o& July 22, Bigwood 

Q June 29, Biscotasing Q July 24, Bigwood 
Juv. 2 July 14, Bigwood 


Dryobates villosus. Hairy Woodpecker.—This was a rather rare species 
throughout the region; it was observed in small numbers at each of our 
collecting stations. On June 2nd at Chapleau a nest-hole fifty feet from 
the ground in a large live aspen, contained young. Both parents were 
in attendance. On July 6th at Biscotasing, and on July 14th and 15th 
at Bigwood, flying juveniles were encountered. 

On the basis of culmen and wing measurements, the only adult male 
preserved agrees with the average measurements given by Ridgway 
(1914) for male septentrionalis. The two adult females, while slightly 
smaller than his average for female septentrionalis, more closely approach 
that form than they do villosus. 


Q June 2, Chapleau Juv. July 14, Bigwood 
Juv. 2 July 6, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 15, Bigwood 
Q July 6, Biscotasing Juv. o July 15, Bigwood 


Oo July 8, Biscotasing 


Dryobates pubescens. Downy Woodpecker.—The Downy Woodpecker 
was rather rare at Chapleau and Biscotasing, but at Bigwood it was not 
an uncommon bird. The only breeding evidence was obtained at Big- 
wood, where flying juveniles were seen on and after July 16th. 

The average measurements of wing and culmen of the eight adult 
specimens are intermediate between medianus and nelsoni according to 
the averages given by Ridgway (1914). 


Q June 2, Chapleau Juv. 2 July 16, Bigwood 
2 o's June 5, Chapleau Juv. o& July 19, Bigwood 
o' June 14, Chapleau Juv. 2 July 21, Bigwood 
co June 28, Biscotasing Juv. o& July 22, Bigwood 
co July 1, Biscotasing o July 24, Bigwood 


co July 6, Biscotasing 
| Bi 


Picoides arcticus. Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker.—Two birds secured 
at Chapleau were our only records. They were in a Jack Pine area. 
Noted in the summer of 1944 forty miles south of Chapleau by Mr. 
Cringan. Mr. Walty recorded the species at Washagami in June 1937 
and 1938, and a female in the R.O.M.Z. collection was taken by him 
there on June 10, 1938. At Wanapitei Provincial Forest (summer 1929) 
it was scarce, according to Dr. MacLulich, and one was seen in the 
summer of 1901 at Round Lake, near Lake Levasse, by Scott (1901). 
Dr. Starr reported a breeding record to us: a nest with young at Cartier 
in July 1946. 
Q June 11, Chapleau co June 12, Chapleau 


Tyrannus tyrannus. Eastern Kingbird.—We did not observe this species 
at Chapleau. At Biscotasing a few were seen, and at Bigwood it was not 
uncommon. On July 14th at Bigwood a nest containing two small young 
was found fifteen feet from the ground in a Jack Pine. Dr. Starr reported 
a nest found at Cartier July 5, 1946, and Dr. MacLulich found it to be 
fairly common in the summer of 1929 in the Wanapitei Provincial Forest. 
Alberger (1890) reported it to be tolerably common at Sudbury in the 
summer of 1889. 

o' June 27, Biscotasing 2 nestling Qs July 14, Bigwood 

o' July 13, Bigwood Juv. July 24, Bigwood 


Myiarchus crinitus. Crested Flycatcher.—Mr. Donald Guthrie noted 
this species in southern Sudbury District during the summer of 1946. 


Sayornis phoebe. Eastern Phoebe.—Our party saw a few phoebes at 
Chapleau and at Bigwood. None was seen at Biscotasing. A newly- 
built nest was found in an old abandoned shack forty miles south of 
Chapleau on June 9th. At Bigwood nests were found in old houses and 
under the roof of the station platform. One found on July 12th contained 
four eggs, and on July 14th it held four newly-hatched young. Alberger 
(1890) recorded the phoebe as “‘tolerably common’”’ at Sudbury in the 
summer of 1889. 


o' June 11, Chapleau Nestling Q@ July 17, Bigwood 
o' June 12, Chapleau 2 nestling o's July 17, Bigwood 
Nestling ? July 17, Bigwood Q July 17, Bigwood 


Empidonax flaviventris. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher.—This flycatcher was 
rather common at Chapleau and rather scarce at Biscotasing. None 
was recorded at Bigwood. | 

o' June 1, Chapleau o June 24, Biscotasing 

o' June 7, Chapleau co July 9, Biscotasing 

o' June 9, Chapleau 


Empidonax trailli. Traill’s Flycatcher.—The Traill’s Flycatcher was 
not seen at Bigwood; at Biscotasing a few were noted and at Chapleau 
it was rather common. At Biscotasing a nest was found on June 25th 


12 


which contained four half-incubated eggs. It was four feet from the 
ground in a hazel shrub. The nest and contents, as well as the parent 
female, were collected. A nest with three eggs (deserted) was found at 
Sudbury on July 19, 19386 by Dr. Starr. The birds were still in the 
vicinity. The R.O.M.Z. collection contains a male from Washagami, 
collected June 11, 1937 (J. B. Walty). 


o June 1, Chapleau o June 16, Chapleau 
o June 4, Chapleau o June 23, Biscotasing 
o June 12, Chapleau Q June 25, Biscotasing 


o& June 14, Chapleau 


Empidonax minimus. Least Flycatcher.—This was a common species 
throughout Sudbury District. At Bigwood, young birds just out of 
the nest were seen on and after July 13th. Dr. Starr found a newly- 
completed nest ten miles south of Cartier on June 7, 1936. 


o June 1, Chapleau Juv. ? July 15, Bigwood 
o June 28, Biscotasing o July 19, Bigwood 
o July 3, Biscotasing Q July 19, Bigwood 


Myiochanes virens. Eastern Wood Pewee.—The Eastern Wood Pewee 
was seen only at Bigwood, where it was rare. Our only breeding evidence 
was obtained on July 14th: a female collected, contained an egg, com- 
plete with shell, in the oviduct. In June of 1936 and 1938 it was noted 
at Washagami by Mr. Walty. A few were present in the summer of 
1929 in the Wanapitei Provincial Forest, according to Dr. MacLulich. 

o July 13, Bigwood Q July 15, Bigwood 

Q July 14, Bigwood 


Nuttallornis borealis. Olive-sided Flycatcher.—This was a rare species 
at Chapleau and Bigwood; not seen at Biscotasing. On July 27th, at 
Bigwood, a flying juvenile was collected. It was with one of its parents 
when found. Noted at Cartier by Dr. Starr. At Washagami in June, 
1936, Mr. Walty considered it the commonest flycatcher, and at Wa- 
napitei Provincial Forest in the summer of 1929 Dr. MacLulich noted 
it fairly commonly. There is a male specimen in R.O.M.Z. taken by 
Mr. Walty at Washagami, June 8, 1937. 

co June 9, Chapleau Q July 24, Bigwood 

o' June 12, Chapleau Juv. 9 July 27, Bigwood 


Otocoris alpestris. Horned Lark.—On farmland at Bigwood a few of 
these birds were seen on July 19th and 20th. None was seen elsewhere. 
On July 20th a family was encountered, including juveniles, one of which 
was collected. On a golf course at Sudbury, Dr. Starr found a nest on 
May 26, 1935, containing four eggs. Incubation was advanced. 

No subspecific determination was possible since the only specimen 
secured was not mature. 

Juv. co July 20, Bigwood 
13 


Iridoprocne bicolor. Tree Swallow.—This species was fairly common at 
all three places we worked. It was found nesting at Chapleau and 
Biscotasing. On June 20th, at the former place, one was seen in occu- 
pation of a bird box on a pole in the town. Two nests were found at 
Biscotasing, on June 21st and 22nd respectively. In each instance the 
nest was three feet above the ground in a telephone pole. The first 
contained young; and the second two eggs on the 24th and four eggs 
on the 30th. On July 7th and 8th the latter nest contained newly- 
hatched young. The first flying juveniles were observed on July 8th 
at Biscotasing. 


o June 5, Chapleau Juv. ? July 8, Biscotasing 
co June 22, Biscotasing 2 nestling o's July 8, Biscotasing 
o July 1, Biscotasing Q July 8, Biscotasing 


Ripana riparia. Bank Swallow.—Morris (1907) records the presence 
of this species at Winnebago on June 30, 1906. 


Eirundo rustica. Barn Swallow.—This was a common species at Bis- 
cotasing and Bigwood; rare at Chapleau. It was found nesting at all 
three places. At Chapleau a nest was found under the roof of the freight- 
office platform. This site had been used in 1935 and 1936. The 1937 
nest was built on the mud foundation of the 1936 nest. On June 16th 
at Chapleau a nest with four heavily incubated eggs was found on loose 
and hanging ceiling paper in an old frame house. At Biscotasing a nest 
with five large young was observed on June 29th under the roof of a 
cottage verandah. At Bigwood, on July 20th, a nest in a shed contained 
five fresh eggs. There is a specimen in the R.O.M.Z. taken by Mr. 
Walty on June 9, 1938, at Washagami. 
co June 5, Chapleau Nestling o June 28, Biscotasing 
2 nestling 9s June 24, Biscotasing 4 nestling 9s June 30, Biscotasing 
2 nestling o's June 24, Biscotasing Nestling @ June 30, Biscotasing 
Nestling Q June 28, Biscotasing o' July 20, Bigwood 


Petrochelidon pyrrhonota. Cliff Swallow.—This species was found by us 
only at Bigwood and in a farmland environment. Two small nesting 
colonies were discovered. The nests were situated beneath the eaves of a 
barn and under the verandah roofs of frame farmhouses. The first 
colony, discovered on July 18th, contained fourteen nests. Three of 
these were examined. From one the young flew at our approach; there 
were four young on the point of leaving in the second; the third still 
contained eggs. The second colony, found about two miles west of the 
first, on the 19th, was of about the same size. Flying young, attended 
by parents, were seen in the vicinity of this colony. Mr. Cringan noted 
it during the summer of 1944 at Chapleau, and Mr. Walty found the 
species at Washagami in June, 1936, 1937 and 1938, collecting one there 
on June 9, 1937 (R.O.M:Z.). 


14 


2 nestling Qs July 18, Bigwood Juv. July 19, Bigwood 
2 nestling o's July 18, Bigwood o July 19, Bigwood 
Juv. 2) July 18, Bigwood 


Progne subis. Purple Martin.—Our only observation of this species was 
made on June 26th at Biscotasing. An immature male of the previous 
vear (testes enlarged) was collected. Its plumage resembled that of an 
adult female except for some glossy purple feathers on its throat. 


Imm. June 26, Biscotasing 


Perisoreus canadensis. Canada Jay.—A few of these jays were seen at 
Chapleau. Two observed on July 6th and one on July 8th at Biscotasing 
are the only other records made by us. On June 16th, at Chapleau, Dr. 
Harrington showed us an old nest of this species, situated fifteen feet 
from the ground in a grove of Jack Pines. At Chapleau flying juveniles, 
unaccompanied, were seen as early as June 38rd. Dr. Starr observed the 
species near Cartier on May 19 and 20, 1937, and found an old nest 
there. He also saw young birds at Emerald Lake, presumably in the same 
area, on June 2, 1937. Dr. Allin and Dr. Harrington saw four or five fly- 
ing young on June 9, 1941, at Biscotasing. At Wanapitei Provincial Forest, 
in the summer of 1929, it was fairly common, according to Dr. MacLulich. 


Juv. 2 June 3, Chapleau Q June 12, Chapleau 
Q June 9, Chapleau co July 6, Biscotasing 
Juv. o% June 9, Chapleau 2 July 8, Biscotasing 


o June 9, Chapleau 


Cyanocitia cristata. Blue Jay.—This was a rather uncommon bird of 
the region, particularly so at Biscotasing. Flying juveniles accompanied 
by parents were collected in July at Biscotasing and Bigwood. Dr. 
Starr informed us that he sees it “regularly’’ about Sudbury. It was 
common in the summer of 1929 in the Wanapitei Provincial Forest, 
according to Dr. MacLulich. 

Juv. 2 July 3, Biscotasing o July 20, Bigwood 


Juv. 2 July 6, Biscotasing 2 juv. Qs July 20, Bigwood 
Oo July 19, Bigwood 


Corvus corax. Raven.—On June 2nd and 3rd, at Chapleau, two and one 
of these birds respectively, were observed. At Washagami, Mr. Walty 
noted it in June, 1937, and it was common (breeding) at Sudbury in the 
summer of 1889, according to Alberger (1890). Morris (1907) saw a 
family at Lake Curtis, north of Lake Wake, on July 3, 1906. 


Corvus brachyrhynchos. American Crow.—This was a fairly common 
summer resident of Sudbury District. At Azilda, a few miles northwest 
of Sudbury, we saw a flock of about one hundred crows on May 30th; 
ten was our greatest total for any day in June or July. Flying juveniles 
just out of the nest and accompanied by their parents were collected at 


15 


Chapleau on June 16th. At Biscotasing on June 23rd and 24th young 
were observed. | 
2 juv. 2s June 16, Chapleau oS June 22, Biscotasing 
Q June 18, Chapleau 


Parus atricapillus. Black-capped Chickadee.—This was a common bird 
of Sudbury District, breeding at every one of our camps. At Chapleau, 
on June 14th, a nest was found containing six nestlings and one infertile 
egg. It was situated four feet from the ground in a rotten birch stub in 
Paper Birch woods. Flying juveniles were observed at Biscotasing and 
Bigwood. 

Todd (1938) has proposed the name anamesus for the population 
somewhat to the north of the area here under discussion. Taverner 
(1940) considers this proposed race ‘“‘faintly differentiated’’ from airi- 
capillus and septentrionalis. A more recent study by Duvall (1945) seems 
to give credence to the race but places its southern limits as ‘‘Mattice 
and Mattagami River’, farther north in Ontario than Sudbury District. 
Our series agrees well with sepientrionalis, except in the more restricted 
white edgings on tails and wings, a character of anamesus according to 
Todd. On the flanks, our series shows less buff than atricapillus. 


Q June 2, Chapleau o' June 17, Chapleau 
o' June 2, Chapleau ? June 18, Chapleau 
o June 7, Chapleau o June 22, Biscotasing 
Q@ June 8, Chapleau o' June 23, Biscotasing 
oO June 12, Chapleau Q June 24, Biscotasing 
Q June 12, Chapleau o June 24, Biscotasing 
4 nestling Qs June 14, Chapleau o' June 26, Biscotasing 
2 nestling o's June 14, Chapleau Oo July 1, Biscotasing 
2 o's June 14, Chapleau Juv. July 7, Biscotasing 
Q June 14, Chapleau Juv. 2 July 14, Bigwood 


o' June 15, Chapleau 


Parus hudsonicus. Brown-headed Chickadee.—This species was rather 
common at Chapleau, not uncommon at Biscotasing and absent from 
Bigwood, according to our observations. On June 7th, at Chapleau, a 
new nest was discovered low down in a rotten stub. A juvenile, just 
out of the nest, was collected at Biscotasing on June 28th. At Wanapitei 
Provincial Forest, in the summer of 1929, Dr. MacLulich found it to 
be scarce. 


Sudbury District lies well within the range circumscribed for 
hudsonicus. 


o June 1, Chapleau o June 12, Chapleau 
o June 2, Chapleau 2 2s June 12, Chapleau 
o' June 3, Chapleau o' June 18, Chapleau 
Q June 7, Chapleau o' June 23, Biscotasing 
o June 9, Chapleau Juv. 2 June 28, Biscotasing 
o June 11, Chapleau o Julv 5, Biscotasing 


16 


Sitta canadensis. Red-breasted Nuthatch.—This was a rare bird of the 
region, never more than one being noted on any day during our stay. 
No breeding evidence was discovered. Dr. Starr reports ‘“‘seen regularly”’ 
about Sudbury. 

o June 7, Chapleau o June 12, Chapleau 


Certhia familiaris. Brown Creeper.—Our only record comes from Mr. 
Walty, who noted it at Washagami in June, 1936. 


Troglodyies aedon. House Wren.—At least two pairs of House Wrens 
were established in the town of Chapleau. None was noted at Biscota- 
sing. At Bigwood, however, it was a rather common species. Two 
occupied nests were seen at Bigwood. At Chapleau, on June 20th, a 
wren was observed carrying materials into a little wren-box on a post. 
At Bigwood, on July 12th, a nest with six fresh eggs was found under 
some loose building paper on the wall of an open shack. On July 14th 
the first flying juveniles of the season were noted. On the 26th, however, 
another nest, with seven nestlings, was found six feet from the ground 
in a stub in a clearing. On the evening of July 19th at dusk Mr. Hope 
found two birds of this species roosting in an old Redstart’s nest. Both 
left the nest, scolding, at his approach, and it was thought that they had 
intended to spend the night there. A few House Wrens were seen in 
June, 1941, at Biscotasing by Dr. Allin and Dr. Harrington and it was 
fairly common in the summer of 1929 in Wanapitei Provincial Forest, 
according to Dr. MacLulich. 

The series collected is certainly not referable to parkmanii, which 
occurs less than 200 miles to the west. Bigwood birds are like the form 
baldwini of southern Ontario. 


2 July 13, Bigwood o July 21, Bigwood 
o July 13, Bigwood 5 nestling o's July 26, Bigwood 
Oo July 14, Bigwood 2 nestling Qs July 26, Bigwood 
Juv. o July 14, Bigwood o July 27, Bigwood 


Oo July 17, Bigwood 


Troglodyies troglodytes. Winter Wren.—At Chapleau our party noted 
the presence of a few of this species. None was seen or heard elsewhere. 
Dr. Starr regards the species as ‘‘regular in the district,’’ and according 
to Dr. MacLulich it was fairly common in the Wanapitei Provincial 
Forest in the summer of 1929. It was recorded as breeding at Sudbury 
in 1889 by Alberger (1890). 

co June 5, Chapleau o' June 12, Chapleau 


Cistothorus platensis. Short-billed Marsh Wren.—An_ interesting 
northern record (for eastern Ontario) was made of this species by our 
party. On July 18th, at Bigwood, two individuals were seen frequent- 
ing a dry area of thick long grass, bordering the railroad track. A return 
visit on the following day revealed no sign of the birds, but a dummy 
nest was found by Mr. Hope. 


17 


Dumetella carolinensis. Catbird.—The Catbird was seen by us only at 
Bigwood, where it was not uncommon. Juveniles, not long out of the 
nests, were collected on July 16th and 27th. It was noted at Sudbury 
by Dr. Starr, and Mr. Walty found it in June, 1936, at Washagami. 
oO July 15, Bigwood Juv. July 27, Bigwood 
Juv. July 16, Bigwood oO July 27, Bigwood 


Toxostoma rufum. Brown Thrasher.—No Brown Thrashers were seen 
at Chapleau; one was noted by Mr. Prince at Biscotasing in mid- 
July; at Bigwood it was not uncommon. Two juveniles, not long out 
of nest, taken on July 17th, established the fact of breeding at Bigwood. 
Mr. Walty noted the species in June, 1936, at Washagami. 

o' July 14, Bigwood Juv. 2 July 17, Bigwood 

Q@ July 16, Bigwood Juv. o& July 17, Bigwood 

o July 16, Bigwood 


Turdus migratorius. American Robin.—The robin was common through- 
out the area. Nesting records were made at Biscotasing and at Bigwood; 
the first young (just out of the nest) being seen at the former place on 
June 21st. The latest date on which young were observed still in the 
nest was July 13th, at Bigwood. 


o' June 2, Chapleau o' June 24, Biscotasing 
Q June 3, Chapleau o June 29, Biscotasing 
Q June 9, Chapleau co July 3, Biscotasing 
o June 12, Chapleau Juv. 2 July 16, Bigwood 
o' June 16, Chapleau Juv. 2 July 21, Bigwood 
Juv. o& June 21, Biscotasing So July 21, Bigwood 
o June 23, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 22, Bigwood 


Hyloctchla guttata. Wermit Thrush.—This was a rather common species 
at Chapleau and Bigwood, but less common at Biscotasing. Three 
nests with four eggs each were found at Chapleau (May 31st, June 4th 
and 6th). The first set was slightly and the last heavily incubated. 
The first flying juveniles were seen on June 28th at Biscotasing and 
others were seen there and at Bigwood, subsequently. A nest with four 
fresh eggs was found at Cartier on May 25, 1936, by Dr. Starr, and Dr. 
MacLulich reports nests with eggs and young in 1929 at Wanapitei 
Provincial Forest. 


Q May 31, Chapleau Juv. o June 30, Biscotasing 
o' June 4, Chapleau Juv. o July 14, Biscotasing 
Q June 25, Biscotasing o July 21, Biscotasing 
Juv. June 28, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 23, Biscotasing 


Hylocichla ustulata. Olive-backed Thrush.—This was a common species 
at Chapleau and Biscotasing but we saw none at Bigwood. We saw a | 
juvenile out of the nest at Biscotasing on July 6th and Mr. Hope found 
fourteen occupied nests, as follows: 


18 


TTeight 


Nesting 


Date Place Contents from 
ground ree 

1. June 8 Chapleau 4 fresh eggs 5 feet spruce 
2. June 10 Chapleau 4 eggs 10 feet spruce 
3. June 14 Chapleau 4 eggs 10 feet spruce 
4. June 15 Chapleau 4 slightly-inc. eggs 7 feet balsam 
5. June 15 Chapleau 3 eggs 5% feet spruce 
6. June 16 Chapleau 3 eggs 6 feet spruce 
7. June 16 Chapleau 4 eggs 6 feet aspen 
8. June 21  Biscotasing 2 fresh eggs 10 feet balsam 
9. June 23 Biscotasing 1 egg and 

1 newly-hatch. yg. 10 feet balsam 
10. June 25 Biscotasing 1 egg and 

2 newly-hatch. yg. 2 feet spruce 
11. June 30 Biscotasing 4 young 15 feet balsam 
12. July 1  Biscotasing 2 eggs 7 feet spruce 
13. July 3. Biscotasing 4 large young 5 feet balsam 
14. July 9 Biscotasing 3 eggs 6 feet moose maple 


At Washagami Mr. Walty observed it in June of 1936, 1937, and 1938. 


o June 3, Chapleau 
Q June 8, Chapleau 


2 nestling 2s June 30, Biscotasing 
2 nestling o's June 30, Biscotasing 


Q June 9, Chapleau 2 nestling Qs July 3, Biscotasing 
Oo June 11, Chapleau 2 nestling o's July 3, Biscotasing 
Q June 29, Biscotasing Q July 3, Biscotasing 
Juv. 2 July 6, Biscotasing 
Hylocichla fuscescens. Wilson’s Thrush.—Although we saw no Wilson’s 


Thrushes at either Chapleau or Biscotasing, it was a rather common 
species at Bigwood. No nests were located but several juveniles, out of 
the nest, were observed. In June, 1936, it was seen by Mr. Walty at 
Washagami, and a few were seen in the summer of 1929 in Wanapitei 
Provincial Forest by Dr. MacLulich. 

The three adults secured are clearly intermediate between fuscescens 
and salicicola, as are also three summer specimens in R.O.M.Z. from the 
general region (Eau Claire and Frank’s Bay). 


of 
ek 


July 13, Bigwood 
July 14, Bigwood 


2 juv. 2s July 15, Bigwood 


Juv. 2 July 17, Bigwood 
Juv. o July 21, Bigwood 
Juv. o& July 22, Bigwood 


o July 15, Bigwood 


Sialia sialis. Red-breasted Bluebird.—One or two pairs of Bluebirds 
were established at Chapleau and at Biscotasing, but we saw none at 
Bigwood. A nest was found on June 18th at Chapleau. It was situated 
in an old woodpecker hole four feet six inches from the ground, in a 
telegraph pole, and contained three eggs. Another, with five 
eggs, was found on June 16th, at the same place. At Washagami, one 
was noted in June, 1937, by Mr. Walty, and it was scarce in the summer 
of 1929 at Wanapitei Provincial Forest, according to Dr. MacLulich. It 


19 


was considered ‘“‘common”’ in the summer of 1889 at Sudbury by Alberger 
(1890). 
2 June 16, Chapleau o' June 16, Chapleau 


Regulus satrapa. Golden-crowned Kinglet.—This was a rather common 
species at Chapleau and Biscotasing but was not recorded for Bigwood. 
On June 30th at Biscotasing a brood of fully-fledged juveniles not long 
out of the nest was encountered. 


o June 2, Chapleau Juv. 2 June 30, Biscotasing 
co June 9, Chapleau Juv. June 30, Biscotasing 
oS June 28, Biscotasing Juv. ? June 30, Biscotasing 
o June 29, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 9, Biscotasing 


Regulus calendula. Ruby-crowned Kinglet.—This kinglet was rather 
common at Chapleau but at Biscotasing it was rather scarce. None was 
observed at Bigwood. On June 10th at Chapleau Dr. Harrington col- 
lected a nest with eight eggs from a Black Spruce. At Biscotasing on 
July 9th juveniles just out of the nest were observed. It was seen at 
Washagami by Mr. Walty in June of 1936, 1937, and 1938. 


o' June 4, Chapleau 2juv. 9s July 9, Biscotasing 
co June 16, Chapleau Juv. ? July 9, Biscotasing 
o July 1, Biscotasing Juv. co July 9, Biscotasing 


Bombycilla cedrorum. Cedar Waxwing.—This was a common bird of the 
District. Breeding evidence was obtained at Bigwood where the first 
nest was discovered on July 22nd. It held five partially fledged young. 
On July 27th, three juveniles just out of the nest were secured. Two of 
the earlier brood show traces of the waxy appendages on the tips of the 
secondaries. These appendages are not fully developed but are thin 
and hair-like. The secondaries themselves, of course, are not fully grown. 
One of the juveniles from the fully-fledged brood possesses well-developed 
(not as fully as in adult birds) ‘‘wax’’ shaft-tips on both the wings and 
tail. The red shaft-tips on the tail measure 4 mm. The two nestlings 
to which reference has been made were males; the juvenile mentioned 
was a female. Two waxwing specimens in R.O.M.Z. were taken at 
Washagami by Mr. Walty in June, 1937. 
o' June 4, Chapleau 2 nestling Qs July 22, Bigwood 


Q June 11, Chapleau 3 nestling o's July 22, Bigwood 
o June 25, Biscotasing Oo July 24, Bigwood 
o July 8, Biscotasing 3 juv. 2s July 27, Bigwood 
o July 20, Bigwood 


Lanius ludovicianus. Common Shrike.—Mr. Donald Guthrie noted this 
species on Highway 17, between Jamot and Sudbury, during the summer 
of 1946. 


Sturnus vulgaris. Common Starling.—The Starling, although uncommon 
at Chapleau and at Bigwood, was rather common at Biscotasing. A nest 
with four eggs was found on June 16th in a fence post at Chapleau, and 


20 


nests with young were found at all three of our camps between June 9th 
and July 20th. Those of which the contents were determined contained 
four, two, and two nestlings, on June 2lIst, July 3rd, and July 20th, 
respectively. 
2 June 16, Chapleau 
3 nestling Qs June 21, Biscotasing Q June 29, Biscotasing 
Nestling o& June 21, Biscotasing Nestling Q July 20, Bigwood 
Juv. o& June 24, Biscotasing Nestling & July 20, Bigwood 


Vireo solitarius. Solitary Vireo.—This was a rather uncommon species 
at Chapleau and Biscotasing. One specimen secured on July 23rd at 
Bigwood marks our only record at that camp. At Chapleau, breeding 
records were established. Two nests were discovered; one on June 7th 
(four fresh eggs six feet up in a small Jack Pine in a dry situation, found 
by Dr. Harrington); and the other on June 9th (newly-completed, three 
and a half feet up in a small Black Spruce in a Black Spruce forest. On 
June 7, a Solitary Vireo discovered on its nest became agitated and 
scolded the intruder from that position. Subsequent dissection proved 
the individual to be a male. 

o' June 7, Chapleau 2 o's June 24, Biscotasing 

o June 9, Chapleau oO July 23, Bigwood 

o' June 18, Chapleau 


Vireo olivaceus. Red-eyed Vireo.—This was a very common summer 
resident of the District. The first nests were found on June 14th at 
Chapleau, one newly-completed, the other with two fresh eggs. At Big- 
wood, a nest with three eggs was discovered on July 19th (still three 
eggs on the 26th), and on July 25th another nest found contained one 
small, naked young. Dr. Starr found a nest at Sudbury on July 5, 1936 
which contained one young and one young cowbird. 


o' May 31, Chapleau o July 13, Bigwood 
o June 3, Chapleau Juv. ? July 23, Bigwood 
Q June 18, Chapleau Nestling Q July 25, Bigwood 


o June 28, Biscotasing 


Vireo philadelphicus. Philadelphia Vireo.—Although we saw no Phila- 
delphia Vireos at Chapleau, a few were seen at Biscotasing and Bigwood. 
On July 18th, at Bigwood, a male was observed to feed an almost full- 
grown juvenile cowbird. Both were collected. On July 27th, a juvenile 
and its parent female were collected. The juvenile showed traces of 
the first winter plumage coming in on its throat and breast. 

co June 21, Biscotasing Juv. o& July 27, Bigwood 

Oo June 25, Biscotasing Q July 27, Bigwood 

o July 18, Bigwood 


Mniotilta varia. Black and White Warbler.—This was rather common 
at Chapleau and Bigwood; less common at Biscotasing. The first 


21 


juveniles, not long out of the nest, were seen at Biscotasing on June 30th. 
At Bigwood flying juveniles were seen on and after July 15th. 


o' May 31, Chapleau Juv. ? July 15, Bigwood 
o' June 16, Chapleau Juv. ? July 21, Bigwood 
o' June 28, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 26, Bigwood 


Vermivora peregrina. Tennessee Warbler.—This warbler was seen only 
at Chapleau and Biscotasing. At the former place it was slightly more 
in evidence than at the latter, where it was rare. At Biscotasing, on 
July 6th, a flying and fully-fledged juvenile, unaccompanied, was secured. 
It possessed buffy wing-bars. In June, 1941 (between the 9th and 14th) 
Dr. Allin and Dr. Harrington, found this species to be abundant at 
Biscotasing, finding four nests (9th, 10th, 10th, 12th). These contained, 
respectively, six partly-incubated eggs, five heavily-incubated eggs, four 
small young and four fresh eggs. All were in clumps of sphagnum. 


o May 31, Chapleau o' June 28, Biscotasing 
o June 23, Biscotasing Juv. co July 6, Biscotasing 


Vermivora ruficapilla. Nashville Warbler.—This was a common bird of 
the Chapleau region; less so at Biscotasing and Bigwood. On June 
14th, at Chapleau, two nests were located. One contained five heavily- 
incubated eggs; the other three fresh eggs. 

Breeding evidence was obtained also at Biscotasing when two 
juveniles just out of the nest were obtained on July 3rd. At Bigwood 
flying juveniles were seen on and after July 17th. 


o' June 1, Chapleau o' July 9, Biscotasing 

o' June 3, Chapleau Q July 17, Bigwood 

o' June 24, Biscotasing 2 juv. Qs July 17, Bigwood 

Q July 2, Biscotasing Juv. 2) July 22, Bigwood 
Juv. ? July 3, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 26, Bigwood 


Juv. 2 July 3, Biscotasing 


Dendroica petechia. Yellow Warbler.—Although the Yellow Warbler 
was fairly numerous at Biscotasing and Bigwood, it was rather scarce 
at Chapleau. Dr. Harrington found a nest with four fresh eggs at 
Chapleau on June 15th. At Biscotasing on June 25th a nest was found 
containing four newly-hatched young and one egg, Flying juveniles 
were seen at Bigwood on and after July 16th. 


o' June 8, Chapleau 3 nestling Qs July 2, Biscotasing 
3 o's June 16, Chapleau Nestling o& July 2, Biscotasing 
o June 24, Biscotasing o' July 17, Bigwood 
o June 25, Biscotasing Juv. Q July 22, Bigwood 
o' July 1, Biscotasing Q July 22, Bigwood 


Dendroica magnolia. Magnolia Warbler.—This was a common bird at 
our two northern camps, but at Bigwood it was scarce, perhaps due to 
the lack of habitat suitable to its requirements. It was found nesting 
at all three places visited (see table). The first young were seen out of 


22 


the nest at Biscotasing on July 7th and others were seen there and at 
Bigwood subsequently. 


Fleight Li 
Date Place Contents from Nesting 
ground ree 
1. June 7 Chapleau 3 fresh eggs 4 feet tiny spruce 
2. June 9 Chapleau 3 eggs 4 feet small spruce 
3. June 12 Chapleau 4 fresh eggs 1 foot tiny spruce 
4. June 14. Chapleau 1 egg 3 feet tiny spruce 
5. June 17. Chapleau 4 inc. eggs 6 feet large spruce 
( horizontal 
branch) 
6. June 23 Biscotasing 4 inc. eggs 1 foot tiny spruce 
7. June 25 Biscotasing 4 newly-hatched young 3 feet tiny spruce 
8. June 25 Biscotasing 4 young (sev. days old) 2 feet spruce 
9. June 28 Biscotasing 2 fresh eggs 3 feet tiny spruce 
10. July 3  Biscotasing 4 fully-fledged young 4 feet spruce 
11. July 18 Bigwood recently-vacated 31% feet small spruce 
2's June 1, Chapleau o June 26, Biscotasing 
co June 7, Chapleau 2juv. 9sJuly 3, Biscotasing 
Q June 12, Chapleau Juv.c July 3, Biscotasing 
2 nestling Qs June 25, Biscotasing Juv. co July 14, Bigwood 


2 nestling o’s June 25, Biscotasing 


Dendroica tigrina. Cape May Warbler.—A pair of these warblers was 
seen at Chapleau on June 3rd, none was seen at Bigwood but at Bis- 
cotasing it was rather frequent in certain stands of mixed woods. The 
first juveniles, just out of the nest, were seen on July Ist (accompanied 
by parents) and others were seen two days later. Moosonee, Lac Seul, 
and Dorcas Bay were the only previous nesting places known in the 
province. 


Q June 3, Chapleau Q July 1, Biscotasing 
co June 3, Chapleau 2juv. 9s July 3, Biscotasing 
o' June 23, Biscotasing o' July 3, Biscotasing 
o' June 30, Biscotasing Q July 7, Biscotasing 


Juv. co July 1, Biscotasing 


Dendroica caerulescens. Black-throated Blue Warbler.—A few of these 
warblers were seen at Chapleau and Biscotasing. At the former place, 
on June 17th, a nest containing four heavily-incubated eggs, placed one 
foot above the ground in a small balsam at the foot of a hillside in heavy 
mixed woods, was found by Dr. Harrington. A juvenile, not long out 
of the nest, was taken on July 8th at the latter place. At Washagami it 
was present in June of 1936, 1937, and 1938, according to Mr. Walty, 
and a few were evenly distributed throughout the Wanapitei Provincial 
Forest, during the summer of 1929, according to Dr. MacLulich. 

co June 2, Chapleau Juv.c' July 8, Biscotasing 

co June 5, Chapleau 


23 


Dendroica coronata. Myrtle Warbler.—This was a common summer 
resident at Chapleau, somewhat less so at our other camps. The oviduct 
of a female, collected on June 29th at Biscotasing, contained an egg 
ready for laying. On July 5th the first juveniles were seen out of the 
nest. The next juveniles seen, on July 14th at Bigwood, showed slight 
development of the first winter plumage. Others were seen subsequently. 
Two nests were discovered on July 22nd, at Bigwood. Both were in 
Jack Pines about ten feet above the ground. A very small juvenile 
was observed immediately adjacent to one; a small juvenile Cowbird, 
near the other. On June 10, 1941 Dr. Harrington and Dr. Allin found 
young out of the nest (nest in Jack Pine); a new nest in Black Spruce; 
and a nest with three eggs in a Black Spruce. 


o' June 3, Chapleau Juv. 2 July 14, Bigwood 
o' June 14, Chapleau Juv. 2 July 17, Bigwood 
Oo June 15, Chapleau Juv. o July 22, Bigwood 
o' June 16, Chapleau o& July 22, Bigwood 
Q June 16, Chapleau Juv. 2 July 23, Bigwood 
Q June 29, Biscotasing 


Dendroica virens. Black-throated Green Warbler.—This was a rather 
numerous species at Chapleau and Bigwood, but it was scarce at Bis- 
cotasing. At Bigwood juveniles, out of the nest, were seen on July 14th. 
20's June 3, Chapleau 2 juv. 2s July 14, Bigwood 
Q June 5, Chapleau 

Dendroica fusca. Blackburnian Warbler.—This was a fairly common 
species at Chapleau and Biscotasing but less so at Bigwood. The only 
nest found, newly-built, was on June 3rd at Chapleau. It was on a 
horizontal branch of a Jack Pine thirty feet above the ground. The 
female was observed taking material to the nest. An examination of 
the bird revealed that eggs were present, in the process of development. 
Several broods of young, out of the nest, were seen at Biscotasing and 
Bigwood on and after July Ist. The last juvenile collected, July 24th, 
had nearly acquired its first winter plumage. On June 10, 1941, Dr. 
Harrington found a nest at Biscotasing, forty feet from the ground in a 
Jack Pine. The set of four eggs was collected on June 13th. 


Q June 3, Chapleau _2juv. o's July 3, Biscotasing 
o June 5, Chapleau Juv. 2 July 8, Biscotasing 
o' June 21, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 13, Bigwood 
o' June 23, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 24, Bigwood 


og July 1, Biscotasing 
Dendroica pensylvanica. Chestnut-sided Warbler.—This was a common 
species throughout the District. Juveniles, out of the nest, were seen 
at Bigwood from July 13th to the end of our stay. 


o' June 2, Chapleau Juv. 2 July 13, Bigwood 
o' June 16, Chapleau o July 13, Bigwood 
? June 25, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 18, Bigwood 


Juv. co July 21, Bigwood 
24 


Dendroica castanea. Bay-breasted Warbler.—Although this warbler was 
not seen at Bigwood, it was not uncommon at Biscotasing and Chapleau. 
Breeding evidence was secured at Biscotasing where juveniles, not long 
out of the nest, were found on July 6th and 9th. At Chapleau, a female 
was observed carrying nesting material on June 5th. Previous Ontario 
nesting records were from Lac Seul, Kapuskasing and Dorcas Bay. The 
adult female collected July 6th was in the plumage of the male. 


Q June 2, Chapleau 2 juv. 9s July 6, Biscotasing 
o' June 2, Chapleau o July 6, Biscotasing 
o June 9, Chapleau Q july 6, Biscotasing 
o June 12, Chapleau o July 8, Biscotasing 
o' June 23, Biscotasing Juv. ? July 9, Biscotasing 


Q June 30, Biscotasing 


Dendroica pinus. Pine Warbler.—Two individuals, found on July 22nd 

and 23rd in Jack Pines on the rocky shore of the French River at Big- 

wood, were all that we observed. Mr. Walty found it in June, 1936, 

1937, and 1938 at Washagami, collecting one on June 8, 1937 (R.O.M.Z.). 
o July 22, Bigwood o July 23, Bigwood 


Seiurus aurocapillus. Oven-bird.—This was a fairly common species 
throughout’the region. Juveniles, out of the nest, were seen on and after 
July 5th at Biscotasing and Bigwood. On July 8, 1929, a nest with four 
young (one, now in R.O.M.Z.) was found by Dr. MacLulich in the 
Wanapitei Provincial Forest, Parkin Twp. 


o June 4, Chapleau Juv. 2 July 19, Bigwood 

2 2s June 28, Biscotasing Juv. ? July 23, Bigwood 
Juv. o July 5, Biscotasing Juv. o July 23, Bigwood 
co July 15, Bigwood o& July 23, Bigwood 


Seturus noveboracensis. Northern Water-Thrush.—Recorded almost 
daily at Chapleau with a maximum of two or three, on July 5th and 6th. 
One was seen at Bigwood on July 22nd. A male in R.O.M.Z. was taken 
on June 12, 1937, by Mr. Walty at Washagami. 

co June 5, Chapleau 


Oporornis philadelphia. Mourning Warbler.—This was not an un- 
common species at our two northern camps but it was rare at Bigwood. 
Juveniles out of the nest were seen at Bigwood on July 24th. One 
collected on that date showed considerable development of the first 
winter plumage. Alberger (1890) considered the Mourning Warbler to 
be common at Sudbury in the summer of 1889 and mentions a nest with 
full-fledged young on July 8th. 


co June 4, Chapleau o& July 3, Biscotasing 
co June 25, Biscotasing Q@ July 7, Biscotasing 
co June 28, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 24, Bigwood 


co June 30, Biscotasing 
25 


Geothlypis trichas. Maryland Yellow-throat.—Although this was a 
rather uncommon species at Chapleau and Biscotasing it was common 
at Bigwood. A nest with four fresh eggs was found on the ground among 
grasses and heath at Chapleau, on June 16th. Juveniles, flying, were 
seen on and after July 16th, at Bigwood. 


2 o's May 31, Chapleau Juv. 2 July 16, Bigwood 
Q June 1, Chapleau Juv. ? July 16, Bigwood 
co June 1, Chapleau 2 o's July 16, Bigwood 
co June 9, Chapleau o' July 17, Bigwood 
oO June 15, Chapleau Juv. ? July 22, Bigwood 
Q June 26, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 23, Bigwood 

2 o's June 26, Biscotasing 2 July 23, Bigwood 
o June 28, Biscotasing o July 23, Bigwood 
o July 6, Biscotasing So July 26, Bigwood 


Q July 13, Bigwood 


Wilsonia pusilla. Black-capped Warbler.—A few of these warblers, 
assumed migrants, were seen during the first half of June at Chapleau. 
However, Dr. Starr collected a nest with five incubated eggs on June 14, 
1936, at Sudbury. 


o June 9, Chapleau co June 12, Chapleau 


Wilsonia canadensis. Canada Warbler.—The Canada Warbler was a 
rather scarce summer resident of the area, but it was noted at all places 
we visited. At Biscotasing a flying juvenile, just out of the nest, was 
found on July 8th, and at Bigwood juveniles were seen on July 15th and 
21st. The specimens taken on the 15th and 21st were acquiring their 
first winter plumage. 
co June 5, Chapleau 
o June 7, Chapleau 
co June 29, Biscotasing 
Juv. 2 July 8, Biscotasing 
Q July 13, Bigwood 


Juv. 2 July 15, Bigwood 
Q@ July 15, Bigwood 
o' July 15, Bigwood 
Juv. July 21, Bigwood 


Setophaga ruticilla. American Redstart.—This was a common species at 
each of our camps, particularly so at Chapleau, where as many as twenty 
were recorded in a day. A nest was found at Chapleau on June 15th 
(two fresh eggs), and at Bigwood a nest with three large young was 
found on July 12th, seven feet from the ground, in a clump of Beaked 
Hazel. The male parent was in the immature plumage. Juveniles, out 
of the nest, were seen at Bigwood on July 15th and 17th. The specimens 
marked “‘imm.’’ below were year-old breeding birds. 


Q June 1, Chapleau o July 1, Biscotasing 


Imm. oo June 3, Chapleau 

2imm.o's June 4, Chapleau 

o' June 11, Chapleau 

Imm. o June 15, Chapleau 
Imm. o June 23, Biscotasing 


26 


Juv. 2 July 


2 juv.io's july 


Q July 
Juv, 2 Jaly 
Oo july 


Imm. o July 


14, Bigwood 
14, Bigwood 
14, Bigwood 
17, Bigwood 
24, Bigwood 
25, Bigwood 


Passer domesticus. English or House Sparrow.—A few English Sparrows 
were seen by our party at Sudbury, Cartier, Chapleau, and Bigwood, in 
all cases in close association with the habitations of man. At Bigwood 
on July 19th we saw a pair at their nest under the eaves of an occupied 
farmhouse; in the same vicinity that day we saw flying juveniles. It 
was not listed for Sudbury in 1889 by Alberger (1890), but at the same 
place in 1901, Scott (1901) saw great numbers. 
2 2s July 19, Bigwood o July 19, Bigwood 


Dolichonyx oryzivorus. Bobolink.—Bobolinks were seen at Biscotasing 
and Bigwood—two males at the former locality and a few on the farms 
at Bigwood. At the latter place on July 20th, flying juveniles just out 
of the nest were seen. At Washagami Mr. Walty saw this species in 
June, 1937, and a pair in June, 1938. A pair was seen at Biscotasing 
between June 9 and 14, 1941, by Drs. Allin and Harrington. 

o June 21, Biscotasing o July 19, Bigwood 

2 July 19, Bigwood Q July 20, Bigwood 


Sturnella magna. Eastern Meadowlark.—The Meadowlark was noted 
only at Bigwood, where a few were seen. On July 18th, 19th and 26th 
flying juveniles were encountered. Dr. Starr reports it at Sudbury. 
o' July 19, Bigwood Q July 26, Bigwood 
2 juv. o's July 26, Bigwood 


Agelaius phoeniceus. Red-winged Blackbird.—A few of these birds 
were seen at Chapleau and Biscotasing and they were seen not un- 
commonly at Bigwood. Flying juveniles were seen at Bigwood on and 
after July 15th. 

The seven adults collected fall within the average measurements 
given by Oberholser for p. phoeniceus (Oberholser, 1907). 


Q July 5, Biscotasing o July 15, Bigwood 
co July 5, Biscotasing Juv. co July 16, Bigwood 
2 juv. 9s July 15, Bigwood 2 July 20, Bigwood 
Q July 15, Bigwood 2 o's July 24, Bigwood 


Icterus galbula. Baltimore Oriole.—The only record we made of this 
species was at Bigwood on July 31st, when a male was collected by Mr. 
Downing. Mr. F. J. Dawson, District Forester, Chapleau, reported to 
the Chief, Division of Fish and Wildlife, Ontario Department of Lands 
and Forests, under date of October 25, 1946, that ‘‘Baltimore Orioles 
have been seen in the Chapleau area, particularly at Chapleau, in large 
numbers during the spring and the early summer of 1945-46. These 
birds .. . have not been known to inhabit this area before.”’ 
oO July 31, Bigwood 


Euphagus carolinus. Rusty Blackbird.—A few of these birds were seen 
at Chapleau and Bigwood, but none at Biscotasing. Flying juveniles 
were seen on July 15th and 25th at Bigwood. A few were also seen in 


27 


the Wanapitei Provincial Forest in the summer of 1929 by Dr. Mac- 
Lulich. Mr. Walty collected a male at Washagami on June 10, 1937 
(R.O.M.Z.). The juvenile secured July 15th was acquiring its first 
winter plumage. 
Skulland wing & June 5, Chapleau Juv. co July 25, Bigwood 
Juv. July 15, Bigwood 
Quiscalus versicolor. Crow Blackbird.—This species, although not ob- 
served by us at Chapleau, was fairly common at Biscotasing and 
Bigwood, becoming very common at Bigwood (flocks of fifty or more 
individuals) on and after July 14th. A nest with four young and one 
addled egg was found on July 21st in a disused building at Biscotasing 
and on the same date, young birds just out of the nest were observed. 
Other juveniles were seen at Biscotasing and Bigwood. It is common 
at Sudbury, according to Dr. Starr, and was noted forty miles south of 
Chapleau by Mr. Cringan in the summer of 1944. 


2 nestling 9s June 21, Biscotasing 20's July 6, Biscotasing 
2 nestling o's June 21, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 17, Bigwood 
Juv. 2 June 21, Biscotasing Q July 17, Bigwood 
2 Qs June 21, Biscotasing Oo July 17, Bigwood 
o June 21, Biscotasing So July 21, Bigwood 
o June 22, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 23, Bigwood 
Q June 29, Biscotasing Juv. July 23, Bigwood 
o' June 29, Biscotasing Q@ July 23, Bigwood 
2 juv. o's July 5, Biscotasing oO July 23, Bigwood 


Molothrus ater. Cowbird.—A few Cowbirds were seen at Chapleau and 
Biscotasing and at Bigwood they were seen more regularly and in some 
numbers. At Bigwood, juveniles were seen on July 14th, 18th, 19th, 
22nd, and 27th; the individual on the 18th being attended by a male 
Philadelphia Vireo. One of those on the 22nd had just left a Myrtle 
Warbler’s nest. 


20's June 8, Chapleau Juv. & July 14, Bigwood 
o' June 16, Chapleau Juv. o July 18, Bigwood 
Q July 2, Biscotasing Q July 20, Bigwood 


20's July 2, Biscotasing 


Piranga olivacea. Scarlet Tanager.—A singing male taken on June 
25th at Biscotasing and one seen at Bigwood on July 27th, were our only 
records. It was recorded rarely by Mr. Walty at Washagami in June, 
1936, 1937, and 1938 and a pair was seen on June 6, 1929, in the Wanap1- 
tei Provincial Forest by Dr. MacLulich. 

o& June 25, Biscotasing 


Pheucticus ludovicianus. Rose-breasted Grosbeak.—A few of these 
birds were seen during the latter half of July at Bigwood. Flying 
juveniles were collected. In June, 1936 and 1937 it was noted at 
Washagami by Mr. Walty. 
o July 27, Bigwood Juv. & July 31, Bigwood 
Juv. 2 July 29, Bigwood 


28 


Passerina cyanea. Indigo Bunting.—Alberger (1890) noted its occasional! 
occurrence at Sudbury in the summer of 1889. 


Hesperiphona vespertina. Evening Grosbeak.—A few of these grosbeaks 
were seen at Biscotasing and at Bigwood. Flying juveniles, accompa- 
nied by adults, were collected at the latter place by Mr. Downing on 
August 2nd. 

Head o& July 2, Biscotasing o' Aug. 2, Bigwood 

2 juv. o's Aug. 2, Bigwood 


Carpodacus purpureus. Common Purple Finch.—This was a not un- 
common species of the region, young just out of the nest were observed 
at Biscotasing on July 9th, and full-grown, flying juveniles at Bigwood 
on July 22nd and 27th. Six specimens taken in June, 1937, by Mr. 
Walty at Washagami are in the R.O.M.Z. 


2 June 1, Chapleau Q July 7, Biscotasing 
o' June 1, Chapleau Juv. °? July 9, Biscotasing 
o' June 9, Chapleau o July 16, Bigwood 
Oo June 23, Biscotasing o& July 20, Bigwood 
Q June 25, Biscotasing Juv. o July 22, Bigwood 
o' July 1, Biscotasing Juv. July 27, Bigwood 


Spinus pinus. Pine Siskin.—A few of these birds were seen at Chapleau, 
but at Biscotasing and Bigwood they were quite rare. 


Spinus tristis. American Goldfinch.—This was a fairly common species 
at Chapleau and Biscotasing and was even more common at Bigwood. 
It was found breeding at Bigwood, a nest with five slightly-incubated 
eggs being found on July 21st, six feet from the ground in a willow. On 
the 15th the nest contained three eggs; on the 17th it held five eggs. 
On the 17th another nest with five eggs was found, situated seven feet 
from the ground in a willow. 


o June 4, Chapleau co June 23, Biscotasing 
o' June 16, Chapleau Q July 21, Bigwood 
2 June 23, Biscotasing o' July 22, Bigwood 


Passerculus sandwichensis. Savannah Sparrow.—Although the Savannah 
Sparrow was not a very common bird of the area, it was observed at all 
of our camps in small numbers. At Bigwood as many as thirty were 
seen in a day about farmland. Young birds, just out of the nest, were 
seen at Biscotasing on June 26th. Fully-grown juveniles were seen at 
Bigwood on July 18th and 19th. 

The series of fifteen adults secured, between May 31st and July 20th, 
has been examined for their racial status. The series from Chapleau and 
Biscotasing are referable to oblitus (Peters and Griscom, 1938). Only 
three specimens were obtained at Bigwood and they were worn, late 
July birds. They suggest that the intermediate belt between the forms 
oblitus and medtogriseus (Aldrich, 1940) lies somewhere in the Bigwood 
latitude, as they are browner than the rest of the series and their colours 


29 


are not so contrasted though admittedly allowance must be made for 
the more worn (later date) plumage. They resemble more than the rest 
of the series a comparable series of summer specimens from the north 
shore of Lake Ontario. 


co May 31, Chapleau 9 June 22, Biscotasing 
o' June 1, Chapleau 2 o's June 22, Biscotasing 
o' June 4, Chapleau 3 juv. 9s June 26, Biscotasing 
co June 9, Chapleau Q June 26, Biscotasing 
Q June 14, Chapleau co June 26, Biscotasing 
o June 18, Chapleau 2 o's July 19, Bigwood 

co June 21, Biscotasing So July 20, Bigwood 


Pooecetes gramineus. Vesper Sparrow.—This was a well-distributed 
species along the railroad, in the clearings, in small numbers. They were 
most prevalent at Bigwood, when the young were flying. On June 3rd, 
at Chapleau, a nest was found containing four small nestlings. Ac- 
cording to Dr. Starr, this species nests at Sudbury. 


Q@ May 31, Chapleau Q June 14, Chapleau 
Q June 1, Chapleau o June 26, Biscotasing 
co June 1, Chapleau co June 29, Biscotasing 
20's June 2, Chapleau o' July 19, Bigwood 
Nestling Q June 5, Chapleau Juv. ? July 19, Bigwood 
2 nestlings o's June 5, Chapleau o July 20, Bigwood 


o' June 8, Chapleau 


Chondestes grammacus. Lark Sparrow.—A male, collected on June 16th 
at Loon Lake, eight miles southeast of Chapleau, by Dr. Paul Harring- 
ton, is our only record. It was singing its Vesper Sparrow-like song 
from scattered bushes at the edge of an extensive field in sandy soil. 
This marks the most northerly record of the species for Ontario. 

o' June 16, Chapleau 


Junco hyemalis. Slate-coloured Junco.—This junco was common at 
Chapleau, rare at Biscotasing and quite prevalent at Bigwood. On June 
14th, two small juveniles, just out of the nest, were seen at Chapleau; 
and at Bigwood, on July 14th, fully-fledged juveniles were seen. Nests 
were found in 1929 by Dr. MacLulich in Wanapitei Provincial Forest. 
One specimen in R.O.M.Z. was collected at Washagami on June 8, 
1937, by Mr. Walty. 

Although the breeding form of the region is Junco h. hyemalis, the 
female secured May 31st has been identified by Mr. T. M. Shortt, of 
the Museum, as Junco h. cismontanus. 


Q May 31, Chapleau Juv. ? June 16, Chapleau 
co May 31, Chapleau Q June 18, Chapleau 
Q June 4, Chapleau. o' June 18, Chapleau 
o' June 4, Chapleau o June 21, Biscotasing 
o' June 8, Chapleau o' June 30, Biscotasing 
Q June 12, Chapleau 2 juv. 9s July 14, Bigwood 

2 juv. 9s June 14, Chapleau Oo July 21, Bigwood 
o June 14, Chapleau o' July 23, Bigwood 


30 


’ 
; 
| 
; 
| 


Spizella passerina. Chipping Sparrow.—This was a common breeding 
species in the region. The first nests, one with eggs, were found on June 
7th at Chapleau and the first flying juveniles were noted on June 28th, 
at Biscotasing. 


Q May 31, Chapleau Juv. ? June 28, Biscotasing 
2 o's May 31, Chapleau Juv. ? June 29, Biscotasing 
o' June 1, Chapleau Juv. 2 June 30, Biscotasing 
2 June 4, Chapleau Juv. July $1, Biscotasing 
o June 4, Chapleau o July 14, Bigwood 
o June 8, Chapleau Juv. July 16, Bigwood 


Q June 24, Biscotasing 

Zonotrichia leucophrys. White-crowned Sparrow. One, noted at 
Washagami by Mr. Walty between June 8 and 17, 1938, was probably 
a belated migrant. 

Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow.—This was one of the 
common summer residents of the area, breeding at all localities visited. 
A nest, found on June 2nd, at Chapleau, with four slightly-incubated eggs, 
established the first breeding record, and the first flying juveniles were 
seen at Biscotasing on June 22nd. Nests were found in 1929 by Dr. 
MacLulich in the Wanapitei Provincial Forest. 


o& May 31, Chapleau Juv. & June 25, Biscotasing 
Q June 1, Chapleau co June 25, Biscotasing 
o June 12, Chapleau Q June 26, Biscotasing 
Q June 21, Biscotasing o July 15, Bigwood 


2 juv. o's June 22, Biscotasing 
Melospiza lincolniu. Lincoln’s Sparrow.—The Lincoln’s Sparrow was 
found rarely at Chapleau and Biscotasing, never more than four indi- 
viduals per day. No definite evidence of breeding was established, 
merely the probability based on occurrence in summer. On June 20, 
1936, one was heard singing at Sudbury by Dr. Starr. 


o' June 18, Chapleau Q June 25, Biscotasing 
o' June 21, Biscotasing Q June 26, Biscotasing 
o' June 23, Biscotasing 2 o's June 26, Biscotasing 


Melospiza georgiana. Swamp Sparrow.—This bird was seen regularly at 
all points but was not common. At Bigwood breeding evidence was 
obtained when flying juveniles were observed July 16th. 


Q June 15, Chapleau Juv. 2 July 16, Bigwood 
2 June 30, Biscotasing Juv. o& July 20, Bigwood 
Oo July 6, Biscotasing Juv. 2 July 24, Bigwood 


Melospiza melodia. Song Sparrow.—This was a common species at 
Biscotasing and Bigwood but it was rather scarce at Chapleau. The 
first breeding record was made at Biscotasing on June 26th when two 
broods of juveniles, just out of the nest, were observed. Two juveniles 
collected by Mr. Walty at Washagami in June, 1938, are in the R.O.M.Z. 

Our Song Sparrow specimens from Chapleau closely approach juddi, 
while specimens from Bigwood, somewhat more worn, more closely 
approach melodia. Those from the intermediate locality, Biscotasing, 


31 


are more clearly intermediate between the two, but the whole series is 
considered to be intermediate. In this connection see Fleming and 
Snyder (1939). 


co June 9, Chapleau 2 juv. o's June 26, Biscotasing 
2 June 14, Chapleau oS June 29, Biscotasing 
2 June 16, Chapleau o' June 30, Biscotasing 
3 June 16, Chapleau 2 juv. Qs July 13, Bigwood 

3 o's June 18, Chapleau 3 juv. o's July 13, Bigwood 
o June 21, Biscotasing CS July 15, Bigwood 
Q June 23, Biscotasing oO July 16, Bigwood 
Oo June 23, Biscotasing oS July 19, Bigwood 

2 o's June 24, Biscotasing Q July 20, Bigwood 
So June 25, Biscotasing Q July 22, Bigwood 


LITERATURE CITED 


Alberger, Alvan H. 1890. Summer birds of Sudbury, Ontario. Orn. and Ool. 15: 87-8. 

Aldrich, John W. 1940. Geographic variation in eastern North American Savannah 
Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis). Ohio Journ. of Sc. 40. 

American Ornithologists’ Union. 1931. Check-list of North American Birds. Also, 
supplements, 1944-6, Auk, 61: 441-64; 62: 436-49; 63: 428-32. 

Anonymous. 1910. Notes on exploration trips in the backwoods. Rod and Gun in 
Can. 12: 28-34. 

Clarke, S. R. 1892. Game in Moose River basin. For. and Str. 39: 312. 

Duvall, Allen J. 1945. Distribution and Taxonomy of the Black-capped Chickadees 
of North America. Auk, 62: 49-69. 

Fleming, J. H. and L. L. Snyder. 1939. On Melospiza melodia in Ontario. Occ. Pap. 
R.O.M.Z. No. 5: 1-8. 

Green, Wyman R. 1930. The banding of Chimney Swifts at Chattanooga, Tennessee. 
Bird-Banding, 1: 112. 

Halliday, W. E. D. 1937. A forest classification for Canada. Can. Dept. Mines and 
Res., Forest Serv. Bull., 89. 

Mitchell, Margaret H. 1935. The Passenger Pigeon in Ontario. Contrib. R.O.M.Z., 


(538, 00; 
Morris, Robert T. 1907. To Hudson Bay by Canoe. Rod and Gun and Motor Sports 
in Can. 9: 66-8. 


Oberholser, Harry C. 1907. A New Agelaius from Canada. Avwk, 24: 334. 

‘‘Percyval’’. 1888. New fields for gun and rod. For. and Str. 30: 410. 

Peters, James L. and Ludlow Griscom. 1938. Geographic variation in the Savannah 
Sparrow. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 80: 454-5. 

Ridgway, Robert. 1914. The Birds of North and Middle America.... Part 6: 
210, 2338, 235. 

Scott, C. T. 1901. Some of the Birds of Algoma. Ottawa Nat., 15: 155. 

Sharpe, J. F. and J. A. Brodie. 1931. The forest resources of Ontario. Ont. Dept. 
Lands and Forests, Forestry Branch. 

Snyder, L. L. 1935. A Study of the Sharp-tailed Grouse. Univ. Tor. Studies, Biol. 
Ser., 40: 25. 

Snyder, L. L. 1938. Ontario and its avifauna. Contrib. R.O.M.Z. No. 12. 

Snyder, L. L. and T. M. Shortt. 1946. Variation in Bonasa umbellus, with particular 
reference to the species in Canada east of the Rockies. Can. Journ. Res., D. 
24: 122. 

Taverner, P. A. 1934. Birds of Canada. Bull. 72, Biol. Ser. 19, Can. Dept. Mines, 
Nat. Mus. Can. 

Taverner, P. A. 1940. Canadian Status of the Long-tailed Chickadee. Auk, 
57: 536-41. 

Todd, W. E. Clyde. 1938. Two New Races of North American Birds. Awk, 55: 116. 

Todd, W. E. Clyde, 1947. A New name for Bonasa umbellus canescens Todd. Auk, 64: 
326. 

White, James. 1916. Dictionary of Altitudes in the Dominion of Canada (second 
edition). Commission of Conservation, Ottawa. 


CONTRIBUTIONS 
OF THE 
ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY 


This series contains reports of Museum studies, including faunal surveys. Except 


where otherwise stated the price is twenty-five cents a copy. 


A Faunal Survey of the Lake Nipigon Region, Ontario, by J. R. Dymond, L. L. 
Snyder and E. B. S. Logier. 58 pages (out of print). 

A Faunal Survey of the Lake Abitibi Region, Ontario, by the staff of the Royal 
Ontario Museum of Zoology. 46 pages. 

A Faunal Investigation of King Township, York County, Ontario, by L. L. 
Snyder and E. B. S. Logier. 42 pages (out of print). 

A Faunal Investigation of Long Point and Vicinity, Norfolk County, Ontario, 
by L. L. Snyder and E. B. S. Logier. 120 pages (out of print). 

Some Account of the Amphibians and Reptiles of British Columbia, by E. B. S. 
Logier. 26 pages. J 

A Study of the Sharp-tailed Grouse, by 8 De Snyder. 66 pages (out of print). 

The Passenger Pigeon in Ontario, by Margaret H. Mitchell. Records of the 
history of the now extinct wild pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) in Ontario. 

~ Paper, $1.00. Cloth, $1.50. 181 pages. 

The Distribution of Breeding Birds in Ontario, by James L. Baillie, Jr., and 
Paul Harrington. 134 pages (out of print). 

Some Freshwater Fishes of British Columbia, by J. R. Dymond. 14 pages. 

The Birds of the Lake St. Martin Region, Manitoba, by T. M. Shortt and Sam 
Waller. 51 pages. 

Baird’s Sparrow, by B. W. Cartwright, T. . . Shortt and R. D. Hare 44 pages. 

Ontario and its Avifauna, by L. L. Snyder, and The Museum’s Bird Collection, 
by J. L. Baillie. 14 pages. 

Birds of Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, by D. A. MacLulich. 47 pages 
(out of print). 

A Faunal Investigation of Western Rainy River District, Ontario, by L. L. Snyder. 
57 pages. 

The Fishes of the Ottawa Region, by J. R. Dymond. 43 pages. 

The Birds of the Vicinity of Pape Nipissing, Ontario, by W. E. Ricker and C. H. D. 
Clarke. 25 pages. 

The Summer Birds of Yakutat Bay, Alaska, by T. M. Shortt. 30 pages. 

History of the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology, by J. R. Dymond. 52 pages 
(out of print). 

A Faunal Investigation of Prince Edward County, Ontario, by L. L. Snyder, 
E. B. S. Logier, T. B. Kurata, F. A. Urquhart, and J. F. Brimley. 123 pages. 

The Blattaria and Orthoptera of Essex County, Ontario, by F. A. Urquhart. 
32 pages. 


. A Faunal Investigation of the Sault Ste. Marie Region, Ontario, by L. L. Snyder, 


E. B. S. Logier and T. B. Kurata. 68 pages. 

Some Recent Bird Records from Canada’s Eastern Arctic, by T. M. Shortt and 
H. S. Peters. 11 pages. 

The Summer Birds of the Northeast Shore of Lake Superior, Osis, DYHRAL, 
Baillie, Jr. and C. E. Hope. 27 pages. 

The Coregonine Fishes of Northwestern Canada, by J. R. Dymond. 61 pages. 

Some Considerations on the Distribution of Fishes in Ontario by Isobel Radforth. 
116 pages. 

Charles Fothergill (1782-1840) by James L. Baillie, Jr. 21 pages (out of print). 

Variation in Bonasa umbellus, with Particular Reference to the Species in Canada 
East of the Rockies, by L. L. Snyder and T, M. Shortt. 16 pages. 

The Summer Birds of Sudbury District, Ontario, by J. L. Baillie, Jr. and C. E. 
Hope. 32 pages. 


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