torn Supplementary Nutting o UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES GIFT OF U.C. Library A SUPPLEMENTARY LATIN COMPOSITION BY H. C. NUTTING, PH.D. INSTRUCTOR IN LATIN, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ALLYN AND BACON Boston ant) Cfjtcago COPYRIGHT. 1901, BY H. C. NUTTING. Xorfaoofi J. 8. Cuihing & Co. Berwick It Smith Norwood Man. U.S.A. PREFACE. As its title implies, this manual is designed, not to take the place of books based on the old methods of Latin Composition, but to supplement them. The need for such a supplement has seemed apparent to me in my visits to secondary schools. The two most common methods of study are (1) the use of sentences based on a text to which the student has access, and (2) grammatical reviews in which the Avork is arranged according to topics. A student put to the test, after completing one or both methods, will generally be found lacking in concrete knowledge ; the first method gives too much help, and the second is so long in its completion that many points are forgotten before the end is reached. As a corrective for this state of affairs, chance col- lections of examination papers are often used, but this is not a wholly satisfactory expedient. This book offers a substitute in the shape of examination papers which, in a small compass and systematically, cover the ninety-one points of Latin syntax outlined in the following Grammatical Introduction. The sen- tences, for the most part, are based closely upon the Orations and Philosophical Works of Cicero. The division into Lessons is one of convenience merely ; the real units are the Parts. Each of the six Parts 49G138 iv Preface. gives the student a chance to illustrate, at least once, all the points outlined in the Grammatical Introduc- tion, thus providing for six complete examinations on the essential principles of Latin grammar. The order in which the principles occur varies from Part to Part, as does also the guise in which they appear, the aim being to make the student recognize the construc- tions on their own merits, with a minimum of outside help. Where it seemed necessary, a reference to the Grammatical Introduction has been given. The hints on vocabulary in the footnotes should be followed, for the principle to be illustrated sometimes depends upon the use of the word suggested. If, as one Part is completed, the student be required to put special study on the places where he has shown weakness, before passing to another, he ought, at the end of the work, to have a grasp on the essential principles of Latin Syntax. To some, this ideal may seem too low, but those whose duty it is to look over papers presented at college entrance examinations would not be sorry to find a large decrease in the number of those who think that the infinitive is the mode of purpose in Latin and that ut and the sub- junctive is the proper form for indirect discourse. I am deeply indebted to Professor C. E. Bennett for helpful suggestions on the Grammatical Introduction. H. C. NUTTING. BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA, August, 1901. LATIN COMPOSITION. GRAMMATICAL INTRODUCTION. SYNTAX OF THE CASES. I. Accusative Case. 1. Extent of Time and Space. (I 1 Note that this construction occurs with the participle naius in expressions of age. B. 2 181 ; G. 334 ff. ; A. 256-257 ; H. 417. 2. Double Accusative. (2 Used with verbs of Teaching, Asking, Demanding, and Concealing (celo). In the passive, the accusative of the person becomes the subject, and the accusative of the thing is retained. B. 178; G. 339; A. 239. 2. c; H. 411. 3. Accusative of Result Produced (in its use as Cognate Accusative). (3 B. 176. 4; G. 333. 2 ; A. 238 and 6; H. 409. 4. Accusative of Exclamation. (4 B. 183; G. 343. 1; A. 240. d; H. 421. 1 In the Lessons, references are made to the Grammatical Introduction according to the marginal figures at the right. 2 These abbreviations refer respectively to the grammars of Bennett, Gildersleeve, Allen and Greenough, and Harkness (Complete Edition). 1 2 Latin Composition. II. Dative Case. 1. Indirect Object with Transitive Verbs. (5 B. 187. I. ; G. 345 ; A. 225 ; H. 424. 2. Indirect Object with Intransitive Verbs. (6 Such as signify ' to favor, help, please,' etc. B. 187. II. a ; G. 346 ; A. 227 ; H. 426. (a) Impersonal construction in the pas- sive, and dative retained. (7 B. 187. II. 6; G. 346. R. 1 ; A. 230; H. 426. 3. (6) Verbs compounded with ad, ante, con, etc. (8 B. 187. III. ; G. 347; A. 228; H. 429. 3. Dative of Reference. (9 B. 188. I.; G. 350 ff . ; A. 235; H. 425. 2. (a) Expressing Separation. (10 B. 188. 2. d; G. 347. R. 5; A. 229; H. 429. 2. 4. Dative of Possessor. (11 B. 190 ; G. 349 ; A. 231 ; H. 430. 5. Dative of the Agent. (12 Regularly used with the gerundive ; generally with the compound tenses of the passive voice. B. 189 ; G. 354-355 ; A. 232 and a ; H. 431. Latin Composition. 3 (a) Direct Agency expressed also by the Ablative with a or ab. (13 B. 216 ; G. 401 ; A. 246 ; H. 468. (6) Intermediate Agency, expressed by the Accusative with per. (14 G. .401 ; A. 246. b ; H. 468. 3. 6. Dative of Purpose (Service). (15 Much used in connection with another dative of the person. B. 191. 2 ; G. 356 ; A. 233. a ; H. 433. 7. Dative with Adjectives denoting Fitness, Nearness, Likeness, etc. (16 B. 192 ; G. 359 ; A. 234 ; H. 434. III. Genitive Case. 1. Possessive Genitive. (a) meus, tuns, etc., used for the possessive genitive of personal and reflexive pronouns. (17 G. 362. R. 1 ; A. 214. a. 2 ; H. 440. 1. N. 2. (6) Possessive genitive in the predicate when the subject of the sentence is an infinitive. (18 B. 198. 3; G. 366. K. 2; A. 214. d; H. 439. 5. 2. Genitive of Quality or CJiaracteristic. (19 Must have a modifier; often in the predi- cate; applied generally to permanent or essential characteristics. B. 203. 1.2; G. 365 ; A. 215 ; H. 440. 3. Latin Composition. 3. Genitive of Value or Price. (20 Verbs of Buying have the price ex- pressed by the genitive only in the case of tantl, fjuanti, pluris, and minoris ; other- wise the ablative is used. Other genitives also, as pann, magni, etc., are found with Verbs of Valuing. B. 203. 3. 4; G. 379; A. 252. a. b; H. 448. 1 and 4. 4. Genitive of the Whole (Partitive Genitive). (21 B. 201 ; G. 367; A. 216; H. 441. (a) Nostrum and vest mm, Genitives of the Whole ; nostrl and vestri, Objective. (22 B. 242. 2; G. 364. R. ; A. 99. b. c; H. 175. 2. 5. Genitive with Adjectives. (23 Mostly Objective ; sometimes of Refer- ence (Specification). B. 204 ; G. 374 ; A. 218 ; H. 450. (a) With similis. (24 Genitive commonly used when the ref- erence is to living objects ; both genitive and dative of inanimate things. B. 204. 3 ; G. 359. N. 4 ; A. 234. d. 2 ; ft. 435. 4. x. 6. Genitive uith Verbs. (a) Of Remembering and Forgetting. (25 B. 206; G. 376; A. 219; H. 454. (b) Of Judicial Action. (26 B. 208 ; G. 378 ; A. 220 ; H. 456. Latin Composition. 5 (c) With Impersonal Verbs, such as miseret. (27 B. 209; G. 377; A. 221. 6; H. 457. (d) With Interest (and Refert). ' (28 Referring to the first or second person, either verb is used with med, tua, etc. ; so also with the reflexive sua. Referring to the third person, interest is used with the genitive. B. 211 ; G. 381 ; A. 222 ; H. 449. IV. Ablative Case. 1. Ablative of /Separation. (29 A preposition is used when the ablative denotes a person, and when the verb is compounded with ab, de, dis, se, or ex. B. 214; G. 390; A. 243; H. 461. 2. Ablative of Source. (30 B. 215 ; cf . G. 395 ; A. 244 ; H. 467. 3. With a Comparative. (31 To be used only when the first of the things compared is in the nominative or accusative case. B. 217; G. 398; A. 247; H. 471. 4. Ablative of Accompaniment. (32 Cum is regularly used with this abla- tive; may be omitted in military phrases when the noun is modified by something else than a numeral. B. 222; G. 392; A. 248. a; H. 473. 1. Latin Composition. 5. Ablative of Quality or Characteristic. (33 Must have a modifier. In many cases not to be distinguished from the corre- sponding use of the genitive ; it is also used of bodily characteristics. B. 224; G. 400; A. 251 ; H. 473. 2. 6. Ablative of Manner and of Attendant Cir- cumstance. (34 ' Manner ' is differentiated from ' At- tendant Circumstance ' by the fact that it is regularly restricted to abstract words, e.g. celeritate, virtute, etc. An Ablative of Manner requires cum, unless the noun has an attribute. B. 220-221 ; G. 399 ; A. 248 ; H. 473, 3. 7. Ablative of Cause. (35 B. 219; G. 408; A. 245; H. 475. (a) With gauded, laetor, doled, etc. (36 B. 219. 1 ; G. 408 ; A. 254. b ; H. 475. 8. Ablative of Means. (37 B. 218; G. 401; A. 248. c; H. 476. (a) With utor, fruor, etc. (38 B. 218. 1 ; G. 407 ; A. 249 and N. ; H. 477. (6) With opus (rarely usus). (39 B. 218. 2 ; G. 406 ; A. 243. e ; H. 477. III. (c) With Verbs of Abounding and Adjec- tives of Plenty. (40 B.218.8; G.405; A. 248. c. 2; H. 477. II. Latin Composition. 1 (d) Ablative of Price. (41 Under this heading are included magno, plurimo, parvo, minima, which express In- definite Price. B. 225; G. 404; A. 252; H. 478. (e) With contentus, fretus, praeditus. (42 B. 218. 3 ; G. 401. x. 6 ; A. 254. 6. 2 ; H. 476. 1. 9. Ablative of Degree of Difference. (43 B. 223; G. 403; A. 250; H. 479. 10. Ablative of Specification. (44 B. 226; G. 397; A. 253; H. 480. (a) With dignus and indignus. (45 B. 226. 2 ; G. 397. x. 2; A. 245. a; H. 481. (b) Supines in -u. (46 B. 340. 2; G. 436 and x. 2 ; A. 303; H. 635. 11. Ablative of Place Wliere. (47 Preposition is omitted when the noun is modified by such adjectives as lotus, om- nitt, etc., and when the idea is figurative rather than literal. B. 228 ; G. 385, 388-389 ; A. 254, 258 / 2 ; H. 483, 485. 1. 2. 12. Ablative of Time When and Within Which. (48 B. 230-231 ; G. 393; A. 256; H. 486. 8 Latin Composition. (.) Dating. (49 If the English date coincides with the Kalends, Nones, or Ides, the Ablative of Time When is used. If it falls on the day before any of these, prldie or (in) ante diem is prefixed to the accusative. Other dates are reckoned as ' so many days before the Kalends,' etc., and are commonly writ- ten in an abbreviated form ; e.g. VIII Kal. Oct. After finding the real number of days between the date in question and the Nones, Ides, or Kalends, it is necessary to add one day, for the Romans counted the day at both ends of a period of time. It should be noted that the Kalends are the first day of the month following the one in which the date falls; i.e. for purposes of dating, June 1, for instance, is May 32. B. 371 ; G. Appendix ; A. 376 ; H. 754. 13. Ablative Absolute. (50 B. 227 ; G. 409 ; A. 255 ; H. 489. V. Motion to and from Towns and Small Islands ; also Domus and Rus. (a) Limit of Motion. (51 ' Into the neighborhood of ' may be ex- pressed by ad and the accusative. B. 182; G. 337; A. 258. b and N. 2; H. 418-419. (6) Motion From. (52 B. 229. 1 ; G. 391 ; A. 258. a ; H. 462 and 4. Latin Composition. 9 SYNTAX OF THE VERB. I. Subjunctive in Independent Sentences. 1. Non-interrogative. (a) Volitive Subjunctive in its Hortatory, Jussive, and Concessive uses. (53 B. 274-275; G. 263; A. 266; H.559. (6) Optative Subjunctive. (64 B. 279 ; G. 260-261 ; A. 267 ; H. 558. (c) Potential Subjunctive. (55 B. 280; G. 257-258; A. 311; H. 552, 555, 556. 2. Interrogative. (a) Deliberative Subjunctive. (56 B. 277 ; G. 265 ; A. 268 ; H. 559. 4. (6) Repudiating or Rejecting Questions. 1 (57 These are questions of indignation or surprise, in which the speaker rejects the wish or thought of another, usually in his own behalf; more rarely, he speaks for another person. B. 277 ; G. 259, 558 ; A. 268 ; H. 559. 5. II. Prohibitions. (58 The common form is noil (nolite) with the infinitive; cave ne with the subjunc- tive is sometimes used. B.276; G. 271-272; A. 269. a ; H. 561. 1 Most grammars make 57 a subordinate class of 56. 10 Latin Composition. III. Substantive Clauses. 1. Of Result (59 With verbs of Bringing to Pass, Hap- pening, aud Following. B. 297; G. 553; A. 332; H. 571. 2. Developed from the Volitive. (a) With qudminus and quln after Verbs of Hindering and Preventing. (60 B. 295. 3; G. 549, 554; A. 331. e. 2, 332. . Most pleasant is the old age of those who are cherished l by the young. 7. He was summoned to court 2 by his sons, that they might accuse him. 8. Old age does not prevent us from retaining 3 a love of the coun- try. 9. I never assented to these words. 10. He thought so highly 4 of Tiberius that he went with him. 11. Exercise 5 has preserved a measure (lit. something) of Caesar's strength. 12. He rules over people 6 who possess gold. 13. He is a man of great strength. 14. Cicero bought these things for 90,000 sesterces. 15. You perceive already, though (tametsi) I have not told you all. 16. He advances, relying on the senate. LESSON 3. 1. Rashness 7 is (characteristic) of youth, prudence of old age. 2. Caesar accomplished much 8 greater and better (results). 3. I beg you to remain in this town. 4. Are you waiting till we cast you out ? 5. From Thessaly he returned victorious 9 to Brundi- sium with the legions. 6. Then the old man is said to have read a book. 7. He says he would not have reached 10 the gate, if he had stopped " at Brundisium. 8. Good men should be counted 12 happy, even though 1 colo. 2 in indicium voco. 3 Introd. 60. 4 Forms of puto and tantus. Introd. 20. 6 exercitatio. 7 temcritds. 9 victor. n sitbsistu. 6 is. ea. id. 8 Introd. 43. 10 perveniu rul. 12 Latin Composition. 17 (quamvls) their strength may have failed. 1 9. There is no one from whom 2 I may learn._/~10. I should prefer to be upright 3 and poor rather than evil and rich. 11. With what valor did Fabius take Taren- tum ! 12. He does not wish his death to be marked by (lit. abound 4 in) lamentation. 13. If you are dis- gusted 5 with such citizens, show (it). 14. This must be borne with resignation 6 by the wise. 15. Noth- ing is so like death as sleep. LESSON 4. 1. Death is easy for the old. 2. Peace was con- firmed through his agency 7 and (that of) his children. 3. Philo never exalted 8 himself over friends of lower rank. 9 4. They thought it to their interest 10 to appear grateful. 5. Sulla was in a part of Italy that was free from suspicion. 6. A few days before his death he spoke on immortality, just as though 11 he knew he would soon die. 7. Let us examine these matters. 8. They brought in an old man to take a seat. 12 9. Albinus used to mourn because (he said) he was deprived of pleasures. 10. It is (a thing) most dreadful 13 to hear. 11. When (ubi) this was heard, they raised a cry. 12. If our fleet is not great, where will be the name and dignity of the state ? 13. Every 1 deftcio. 6 molliter. 10 interest. Introd. 28. 2 untie. 1 Introd. 14. 11 quasi. 8 probus. 8 antepvuo. J - sede.u. Introd. 64. * abundo. 9 ordo. 13 taeter. 8 taedet. 18 Latin Composition. man has ! enough of his own troubles. 14. To me, friendship seems to spring from likeness of disposition. 2 15. Your father was (the) first to defeat the Cartha- ginians with a fleet. LESSON 5. 1. Youths delight in the precepts of old men. 2. From 8 the parents he demands a price for 4 the burial of their children. 3. They are enduring servitude (lit. are serving out 5 a slavery). 4. I am concerned 6 (as to) what sort (of man) he is. 5. He secured fame not by his own merits, 7 but by (those) of the state. 6. Why should I fear, 8 if I am to be happy after death ? 7. If one 9 cannot become an orator himself, still he can help a Scipio or Laelius. 8. Concerning this (matter) there is no need 10 of many words. 9. I do not wish this blessing taken from 11 me. 10. Since (cum) the mind is eternal, it will have no end of motion. 11. No one is so old as (quT) not to think that he can live a year. 12. glorious day when I shall proceed to that divine assembly ! 13. In the praetorship 12 of Gaius Caesar, Eufus was judged guilty 13 of wrong. 14. This came to pass because of the injustice of the praetor. 1 Introd. 11. 2 mores. 6 Case form of cilra. 1 meritum. 10 opus. 11 Introd. 10. 3 Introd. 2. 8 Introd. 57. 12 Introd. 50. 4 pro. 6 servio. 9 Second pers. 13 condemno. Latin Composition. 19 LESSON 6. 1. Nothing is done in their absence. 1 2. If you had not lost the city, I should not have retaken it. 3. I made 2 you understand what these thought of you. 4. I never doiibted that our souls were a part of the universal mind. 5. I sent the soldier to get 3 water. 6. This season is suited 4 to the reaping 5 of fruit. 7. (The onset of) old age must be resisted. 8. He said that there were two crimes to which the love 6 of power would drive Catiline. 9. Happiness 7 is assured (lit. sure), if only health remains. 10. What shall I say of Caesar's acts ? 11. Murena's style 8 was unworthy a philosopher. 12. It is perhaps hard for those who like (lit. are desirous 9 of) such things, to be without (them). 13. I never could be persuaded (to believe) that our souls die when they leave these bodies. 14. Thus it happens 10 that we do not care 11 (to do) the thing which has been ordered. 1 Introd. 50. 6 percipio. g cupidus. 2 Introd. 59. cupiditds. 10 flo. 3 Gerundive of peto. 7 fellcitds. u libet with id 4 accomoddtus. 8 consuetudo scrlbendl. as subject. PART II. LESSON 7. 1. The work is heavy (lit. great) and abounds in difficulties. 2. Who would deny that he is a good man ? 3. None have 1 a just cause for 2 taking arms. 4. To-day is August 13th. 5. There is no one who does not wish (lit. but wishes) to use a horse. 6. Vir- tue is free 3 from love of self. 7. The foolish fellow fixes its value at a very low (figure). 8. What, pray, is Hortensius to do? 9. The body, too, must be cared for. 4 10. With what enthusiasm he used to speak! 11. He came at early dawn 5 to greet 6 the consul. 12. I yield the army to you. 13. A friend begged him to kill some one of those who were in fhains. 14. Provided that there be (lit. be present) moderation, strength will endure. y LESSON 8. 1. I am afraid that I shall not increase the glory of the consuls. 2. He withdraws from Mutina and ceases to besiege Brutus. 3. Therefore let them 1 Case form. * subvenio. 2 Lit. of. 6 lux prlma. 8 expers. 6 Note verb of motion in main clause. 20 Latin Composition. 21 withdraw, let them separate themselves from the good. 4. He praises the book as though he wished to imitate it. 5. They think more highly l of the Eomans than of the Sabines. 6. Your children were a pleasure - to you and an advantage 3 to the state. 7. This law both consuls and people regret (lit. repent of). 8. I remember, nor shall I ever forget, that night. 9. Those (things) which you judge to be to the state's interest 4 must be done. 10. Before I show that this was done, I want to speak of Caesar's life. 11. There is need, 5 not alone of natural endowment, 6 but also of training. 7 12. And so, after (postquani) he had spoken with Junius, he left 8 the house. 13. Do not wait until I mention the wrongs of the allies. 14. One could see 9 the couches 10 spread 11 in the servants' rooms. 12 LESSON 9. 1. Unless you buy oil, 13 your lamp 14 goes out. 15 2. The nearer 16 1 am, the better I seem to see. o. We cannot always drive out error by reasoning. 17 4. Day would fail (me) if I should attempt to say all that might be said. 5. These (men) would seem bold to you, if they were not soldiers. 6. Relying upon the sanctity of the tribuneship, since (cuni) he was armed 1 Introd. 20. 2 voluptds. 3 usus. 6 ingenium. 7 exercAtatio. 8 excedo. 10 lectus. 11 sterno. 12 (Ta. 14 Ziimen. 16 Introd. 43. * interest. 9 Introd. 55. 13 oleum. 17 >-ai6. 6 Introd. 39. ft/ 22 Latin Composition. with the laws, he came into the city. 7. Unless Caesar had helped us, we should now have no state as a result of (lit. by reason of) Antony's deeds. 1 8. In friendship the chief (feature) is (the fact) that the greater is on a level 2 with the lower in rank. 3 9. Cicero bought the books at as high a price as Catiline wished. 10. There is no unfailing rule 4 for 5 living well. 11. It is (the part) of a wise man to avoid trouble. 6 12. Plato called pleasure bad, because (he said) it harmed men. LESSON 10. v 1. I do not think that immortality should be dis- dained by a mortal. 2. Not so many are possessed of (lit. endowed with) virtue as wish to seem (so). 8. Bad though (quamvls) the speech may be, it will aid some. 4. These things ought to be of as much importance (lit. as great weight) in Greece as at Home. 5. We saw that Tiberius Gracchus had been deserted 7 by his friends. 6. More know how these (things) are done than how they are to be resisted. 7. I heard that you grieved after (postquam) Quintus Metellus was taken away. 8. If I say anything against his life, I shall not refuse (to allow) 8 him to speak in his own behalf. 9. Virtue is so great that we admire it even 9 in an enemy. 10. The consuls were driven from Italy, and, with them, their friends. 1 f acinus. 8 inferior. 5 lit. of. ' derelinqud. 9 vel. 2 par. * ratio certa. 6 labores. 8 Introd. 60. Latin Composition. 23 11. He led forth a colony to Casilinum, whither Caesar had before gone. 12. Not even for the good is poverty a light burden. _J LESSON 11. \. Old age has taken from me l the desire 2 for food and drink. 3 2. We do many (things) for the sake of our friends that AVC would not do for our (own). 3. It is not easy to find out 4 who did it. 4. There are four reasons why old age is wretched. 5. Tablets 5 were put up 6 on the whole Capitoline hill. 6. I wish that I could make the same boast ' as Cyrus. 7. On the contrary, he ought to grieve at a wrong 8 and rejoice in correction. 8. I urge that you so esteem 9 friendship, that, excepting virtue, 10 you think nothing superior 11 to it. 9. These (things) I have said that my voice might seem to have fulfilled the consul's duty. 10. Through your efforts (lit. you) he is pre- vented from following Caesar to his grave. 12 11. Do not prefer 13 any one to Cato, even 14 Socrates. 12. Con- suls of the greatest mildness u of disposition 16 have . for many years waged war. LESSON 12. 1. The Romans sent him men 17 to (qui) teach him laws. 2. You have less strength 18 than either of us. 1 Case form. 6 flgo. 11 praestabilis.t. 15 Introd. 33. 2 aviditas. 7 ylorior. 12 rogus. 16 animus. 8 potto. 8 delictum. 13 praefero. 17 is, ea, id. 4 Introd. 46. 9 loco. 14 ne . . . quidem. " Introd. 21. 6 tabula. " Introd. 60. A Latin Composition. 3. Many are like ' Caesar though (cum) they are lower in fame and fortune. * 4. Would that they had been worthy of your opinion! ^5. O wretched (the) old man who has not seen that death is no evil ! ) 6. p]ven though (tametst) he has come from Caesar, no one wishes to see him. 7. When a man becomes old he has many cares. 8. I cannot persuade him to trust 2 me. 9. (While) general, he freed Greece from slavery within a few months. 10. We do not suspect that any of these did wrong. 3 11. He said there would be infinite slaughter, if he should remain. 12. To gain favor, he prevailed 4 upon his brother to kill an innocent man who had been convicted of a capital offense. 5 1 similis. 3 pecco. 8 res capitdlis. 2 Jidem habeo. * exoro. PART III. LESSON 13. 1. Clodius was content so long as Cicero should be in exile. 2. He did what Coriolanus had done among us twenty years before. 3. Are we to wait (to see) what the witnesses from Sicily say ? 4. Do you know that such a statue 1 is sold for four hundred thousand sesterces ? 5. Let them be prepared to answer 2 (the questions) which they have been asked. 3 6. Moderate* exercise must be taken (lit. used). 7. It" is said that we are very negligent 5 in (the matter of) cherishing our friends. 8. I thought that I ought G to remain on guard. 7 9. None are so eager 8 for praise as the worthless. 10. I am watching him (to see) that he takes no more than he gives. 11. We were afraid that something would happen to him. 12. They live so that their lives are approved. 13. My son is a great care to me. LESSON 14. v 1. He has the advantage (lit. is superior) in this, that (quod) he is less envied. 2. It is (the duty) of 1 slynum. 3 rogo. 5 negleyens. 1 in vigilid. 2 responded. * modiats. 6 Gerundive. 8 cupidus. 25 26 Latin Composition. a good man to hate openly 1 and not to conceal his anger. 3. A splendid answer and worthy of a learned man ! 4. Since (cum} this is so, certainly the soul cannot die. 5. How wealthy (lit. of how great wealth) he was! 6. What was I to do, 2 judges? Whither was I to turn ? 7. I am well supplied 3 with money. 8. They asked me in what way you were bearing the death of Af ricanus. 9. You charged 4 an innocent man with a vile deed. 5 10. Through my efforts he is allowed to call back Cicero from exile. 11. The day of departure (i was January 31st. 12. He delighted in bringing accusations. 7 13. I did not hinder him from being friendly 8 to you. LESSON 15. 1. When (after) setting out thence 9 to Rome, he had come into the neighborhood of Aquinum, a great multitude met him. 10 2. He said that Caesar had become rich by his father's influence, 11 not his own. 3. If you 12 want to be old a long time, guard 13 your health. 4. Concerning this manner of death it is hard to speak. 5. I said that if he had been unwill- ing he could " have said (so). 6. Not even this do I refuse, provided only we do the things that the Roman people approve. 7. Would that you might come to 1 aperte. 5 J 'acinus. 9 inde. 13 conserve*. 2 ago. 6 profectio. 10 obviam eo. " potuisse. 8 abundo. 1 crimen Infero. n gratia. * ni shmtlo . 8 amicus. 12 General 2d pers. Latin Composition. 27 old age, that you might know that what I have said is true ! 8. Though (guamvis) old age may not be a heavy burden, it takes away strength. 9. It can in no wise happen that the same man at the same time be both joyful and sad. ! 10. Old age has such great influence that it is worth more 2 than all the pleasures of youth. 11. Who does not know that he came many miles to salute you ? 12. If that advice had carried the day, 3 the state would now be standing and you would have fallen 4 by reason of your many crimes. 13. The senate, when 5 it had changed its garments, 6 came into the temple of Concord. LESSON 16. ,lns. 10 sordid us. 13 Usetns. 4 fitlldcia. 8 Concessive. 12 praerertn. Gerundive. 42 Latin Composition. have mentioned. 3. Though (licet) each one may say what he pleases, 1 it is not necessary to believe (it). 4. Buined men, with slaves like themselves, threaten the temples and buildings of the city. 5. wretched day when Catiline was born ! 6. You know that I was without experience 2 in these matters. 7. Worthy of friendship are those in whom there is a reason why they should be loved. 8. Pleasures are given up 3 for the sake of gaining greater pleasures. 9. Would that the immortal gods would reserve this trophy 4 for you, Scipio ! 10. You can often tell from what quarter the storm is coming. 5 11. Nothing was so closed and hidden 6 that it (quod) was not most open to his cupidity. 12. Old men, relying on their wisdom, delight in conversations with 7 youths of intelligence (lit. endowed with intellect). LESSON 31. 1. They think they will live their lives more safely 8 under my protection. 9 2. It is worth while 10 for me to undergo his hatred, provided that danger be warded off from you. 3. No one was troublesome " to Cicero either on December 1st, or on the 5th or 13th. 4. I shall have need of how many guards, if I shall once allow you to enter my house ? 5. If all should be 1 placet. 2 expers. 8 omitto. 4 palma. 5 commoveo (pass.). 6 reconditus. " Genitive. 8 Use adjective. 9 in . . . tuteln. 10 Form of tantus. 11 molestus. Latin Composition. 43 brought together into one place, they would not be worthy l to be compared with Servius Sulpicius. 6. So it happened that brave men, even though (tcv- metsi) they had fought against one another, laid aside 2 hatred with their arms. 7. Before he hears that this province is decreed to him, he will crush the enemy. 8. He ordered the centurions to go home, and there had them killed 3 before his own and his wife's eyes. 9. AVhat is more pleasant than an old age loaded 4 with honors ? 10. He had no reason l to fear that he would not be heard. 11. I saw that that man had been taken away without whom the state could not stand. 12. Since the matter has come to this, 5 whether he pay the penalty or we be slaves, let us show the valor of our fathers so that we may save the state. LESSON 32. 1. As though this were a safeguard 6 for you, he orders 7 that the house be watched. 2. On that day, if it had been allowed me by (lit. through) my friends to come into the forum, a beginning of slaughter would have been made with 8 me. 3. He asked one of those who were present the subject 9 under (lit. of) discussion. 10 4. This field was much more valuable u 1 Gerundive. 7 imperu. 2 depono. 8 lit. from. 8 iuyulari cuyo. 9 causey 4 oneratus. 10 dissero. 6 in id disc-rime n adduco (pass.). u Forms of s?/m and miiltus. 6 salun. 44 Latin Composition. then than it had been five years earlier. 5. Those of lower rank 1 do not grieve that they are surpassed in brilliancy (lit. intellect) by others. 6. I tell 2 the senate what ought to be done. 7. Who of us thought Sulla innocent ? Who of us aided any one of them ? 8. In the hearing 3 of the people, he said that none would live unless Caesar should be victorious.' 4 9. Although (tametsi) it is hard, I can in some way spare him who accuses Caesar. 10. There is need of haste 5 ; if we had exercised this before, we should now have no war. 11. But, since (quoniarti) the state abounds in these things, let us pass 8 to other (consid- erations). 12. Since (cum) you see that a man hold- ing (lit. possessed 7 of) this office did not doubt (but) that he should defend the innocence of Sulla, you ought to do the same for Hortensius. 1 Inferior. 3 audio. 5 celeritus. 1 praeditus. 2 praescribo. * vinco. 6 venio. VOCABULARY. [Superior figures following Lesson numbers (as, Lesson 7. 2 ) refer to the sentence numbers in the Lessons.] a, an, untranslated. able (be) , possum, posse, potui ; not , nequeo, -quire, -quivl, -quii. abound, abundo, 1. about, prep., de. absent (be), absum, -esse, afui. accomplish, efficio,3, -feel, -fec- tus. accusation, crirnen, -in is, N. accuse, accuse, 1. act, w., facturn, -i, N. ; of the drama, actus, -us, M. act, v., facio, 3, feel, factus ; through, perago, 3, -egi, -actus. action, motus, -us, M. add, addo, 3, -didl, -ditus. admire, admiror, 1, dept. admit, admitto, 3, -mlsi, -missus. adopt (a plan), capio, 3, cepl, captus. advance, pr5gredior, 3, -gressus sum. advantage, usus, -us, M. advice, consilium, -I, N. affair, r6s, rel, F. afraid (be), vereor, 2, dept. ; metuO, 3, -uf. Africanus. Africanus, -I, M. after, prep., post ; conj. , post- quam. afterward, post. against, in with ace. ; one another, inter se. age, senectus, -utis, F. agreeable, gratus, -a, -um. aid, n., auxilium, -I, N. aid, v., iuvo, 1, iuvi, iutus. Ajax, Aiax, -acis, M. Albinus, Alblnus, -i, M. all, omnis, -e ; the more, magis. allot, do, d&re, dedl, datus. allow, sino, 3, slvl, situs ; licet, 2, licuit. ally, socius, -I, M. alone, sOlum. already, iam. also, et ; etiam. although, quamquam ; quam- vls ; tametsi. always, semper. among, apud with ace. and, et ; atque ; so, itaque. anger, Irae, -arum, F. another, alius, -a, -ud. answer, M., responsum, -i, N. answer, v., respondeo, 2, -spondi, -spOnsum (est). Antium, Antium, -I, N. 45 Antony 46 book Antony, Antonius, -I, M. any, aliqui, -qua, -quod ; = "any oe,' quisquam, quae- quam, (quid(c)quam). any one, aliquis, aliqua, (-quid) ; quisquam, quae- quara, (quid(c)quam). anything, (quis, quae), quid ; i minis, -e ; neuter as noun. appear, videor, 2, visus sum. approve, prob6, 1. Apronius, Apronius, -I, M. Aquinum, Aquinum, -I, N. argument, argumentum, -i, N. arm, armO, 1. arms, arma, -Drum, N. army, exercitus, -us, M. arrive, venio, 4, veni, ventum (est). as, ut ; qui, after idem or in result clauses ; quantus after tantus. as ... as, tain . . . quam. as high (of price), tantus, -a, -um. as though, quasi. ashamed, pudet, 2, puduit. Asia, Asia, -ae, F. ask, rogo, 1 ; quaero, 3, quae- sivl, quaesltus. assembly, concilium, -i, N. assent, assentior, 4, -s6nsus sum. assist, iuvo, 1, iuvi, iutus; auxilior, 1, dept. associated, coniunctus, -a, -um. at, in with abl. ; ... years of age, forms of natus and annus. at the same time, simul. attain, persequor, 3, -secutus sum. attempt, cSnor, 1, dept. audacity, audacia, -ae, F. augur, augur, -uris, M. August (of), Sextilis, -e. authority, auctOritas, -atis, F. avert, averts, 3, -vert!, -versus, avoid, vit5, 1. B bad, mains, -a, -um ; deed, facinus, -oris, N. banquet, convivium, -1, N. be, sum, esse, fui. bear, fero, ferre, tuli, latus. because, quod, quia. become, fio, fieri, factus sum. before, prep., ante with ace.; conj., antequam, priusquam. beg, hortor, 1, dept.; oro, 1; off, deprecor, 1, dept. beginning, initium, -I, N. behold, video, 2, vidi, visus. believe, credo, 3, credidi, cr- ditus. besiege, oppugno, 1. between, inter with ace. ; be , intersum, -esse, -fui, with in- ter and ace. binding, firmus, -a, -um. blame, culpa, -ae, F. blessing, bonum, -i, N. bloody, cruentus, -a, -um. boast, glOrior, 1, dept. boat, navigiuuv -i- * body, corpus, -oris, ix bold, audax, -aeis. book, liber, -bri, M. born 47 come born (be), nascor, 3, natus sum. both, uterque, utraque, utrum- que. both . . . and, et . . . et. brave, fortis, -e. bravery, virtus, -utis, F. break down, frango, 3, fregl, fractus. bribery, ambitus, -us, M. bring (accusations^), Infero, -ferre, -tuli, Hiatus ; in, induce, 3, -duxl. -ductus; together, confero, -ferre, -lull, collatus. Brogitarus, Brogitarus, -I, M. brother, frater, -tris, M. Brundisium, Brundisium, -I, x. Brutus, Brutus, -i. M. building, aedificium, -i, x. burden, onus, -eris, N. burial, sepultiira, -ae, F. burn, ardeo, 2, arsl, arsurus. business, res (rerum) gerendae (-arum). but, sed. quln (Lesson 7. 5 ) ; also, even, sed etiam ; that, quln. buy, emO 3, emi, emptus. by, a, ab with the abl. Caelius, Caelius, -I, M. Caesar, Caesar, -aris, M. Calends, see Kalends, call, appello, 1 ; nfnnino, 1 ; vocO, 1 ; back, reduco, 3, -duxi, -ductus. calm, aequus, -a, -urn. capital offense, res (rei, F.) capitalis (-e). Capitoline Hill, Capitolium, -I, N. care, ., cura, -ae, F. care, c., volo, velle, volui ; libet, 2, -uit ; for, subvenio, 4, -veni, -ventum (est). carry, fero, ferre, tuli, latus. Carthaginian, Poenus. Casilinum, Casilinum, -i, x. cast out, eicio. 3, -ieci, -iectus. Catiline, Catillna, -ae, M. Cato, Cato, -onis, M. cause, causa, -ae, F. cease, desino, 3, -sil, -situs ; to think, oblivlscor, 3, oblitus sum. centurion, centurio, -onis, M. certain, certus. -a, -uiu. certainly, certo ; certg. chain, vinculum, -i, x. change, muto, 1. charge, Insimulo, 1. cherish, colo, 3, colui, cultus. chief, maximus, -a, -urn. children, llberi, -orum, c. Cicero, Cicero, -onis, M. citizen, civis, -is, c. city, ui'bs, urbis, F. class, genus, -eris, x. Cleomenes, Cleomenes, -is, M. Clodius, Clodius, -I, M. closed, clausus. -a, -urn. collect, comparo, 1. colony, colonia, -ae, F. come, venid, 4, veni, ven- tum (est); commoveo, 2, -movl, -m5tus (Lesson SO. 10 ); about, to pass, fio, fieri, commence 48 deprived factuui est ; to aid, sub- veniS, 4, -\eni,-ventum (est); to this, in id discrimen adducS, 3, -duxi, -ductus (pass.); together, con- venio, 4, -ve"ni, -ventum (est). commence, incipio, 3, -cepi, -ceptus ; occ\ipS, 1 . commit, faciS, 3, feel, factus. compare, cSnferS, -ferre, -tuli, collatus ; comparS, 1. complain, deplSrS, 1. conceal, occults, 1. concerned (be), use cura (In- trod. 15). concerning, de with abl. Concord, Concordia, -ae, F. condemn, damns, 1 ; con- demns, 1. condition, condiciS, onis, F. confess, cSnfiteor, 2, -fessus sum. confession, cSnfessiS, -onis, F. confirm, confirms, 1. conjecture, coniectura, -ae, F. conquer, vincS, 3, vlcl, vlctus. constancy, constantia, -ae, F. consul, consul, -ulis, M. consulship, consulatus, -us, M. content, contentus, -a, -urn. contest, certamen, -inis, N. conversation, sermo, -on is, M. convict. damnO, 1. Coriolanus, Coriolanus, -I, M. correction, correctiS, -onis, F. couch, lectus, -i, M. counsel, consilium, -!, N. count, puto, 1. country, rus, ruris, N. ; one's . patria, -ae, F. covered, opertus, -a, -urn. crazy, amens, -entis. crime, scelus, -eris, N., f acinus. -oris, N. cruel, crudeUs, -e. cruelty, criidelitas, -atis, F. crush, opprimo, 3, -press! , -pressus. cry out, clamS, 1. cupidity, cupiditas, -atis, F. Cyrus, Cyrus, -i, M. danger, perlculum, -I, N. dare, audeo, 2, ausus sum. Dates, sf e Introd. 49. day, dies, -ei, M. death, mors, mortis, F. debt (be in), debe5, 2. December (of), December, -bris, -bre ; see Introd. 49. declare, declaro, 1. decree, decerno, 3, -cr6vl, -cretus. deed, facinus, -oris, N. defeat, devincS, 3, -vici, -vlctus. defence, defensio, -onis, F. defend, defends, 3, defendl, d6fnsus. defendant, reus, -I, M. delight, gaudeo, 2, gavisus sum. demand, posco, 3, poposcl. denarius, denarius, -i, M. deny, nego, 1. departure, profectiS, -onis, F. deprive, everts, 3,-vertl, -versus (Lesson 26. s ). deprived (be), careS, 2, -ui, -iturus. desert 49 enslaved desert, derelinquo, 3, -reliqui, -rellctus. desire, re., aviditas, -atis, F. ; libido, -inis, F. desire, ., desidero, 1. desirous, cupidus, -a, -uin. destruction, iuteritus, -us, M. deter, impedio, 4. devoted, araans, -antis. die, morior, 3, mortuus sum, difference (be the), intersum, -esse, -fui. different, alius, -a, -ud. difficulty, difficultas, -atis, F. dignity, dignitas, -atis, F. Dionysius, Dionysius, -I, M. discussion, gerund of dissero, 3, -serul (Lesson 32.*}. disdain, contemno, 3, -temps!, -temptus. disgraceful, sordidus, -a, -um. disgust, taedet, 2, -uit. dishonesty, fallacia, -ae, F. disposition, mores, -um, M. ; animus, -I, M. distress, incoinmodum, -I, N. divide, divide, 3, -visi, -vlsus. divine, divlnus, -a, -um. do, facio (fi5), 3, fed, factus ; gero, 3, gessi, gestus; ag6, 3, 6gT, actus ; wrong, pecco, 1. doubt, M., see doubtful ; neuter of adj. used as noun. doubt, ., dubitO, 1. doubtful, incertus, -a, -um ; dubius, -a, um (Lesson 17.*}. dreadful, foedus, -a, -um ; tae- ter, -tra, -trum (Lesson ^. 10 ). dream, somnium, -i, N. drink, v.. poto, 1, -avl, potus. drink, w., potio, -onis, F. drive, impello, 3, -puli, -pulsus ; from, expello, 3, -pull, -pulsus ; out, eicio, 3, -ieci, -iectus. duty, officium, -I, N. E each, quisque, quaeque, quid- que. eager, cupidus, -a, -um. earlier, ante, early dawn, lux (lucis, F.) prima (-us, -a, -um). earth, orbis (-is, M.), terrarum. easily, facile, easy, facilis. -e. eight, octo. either (of two), utervls, utra- vls, utrumvls. either ... or, aut . . . aut. eject, eicio, 3, -ieci, -iectus. else, alius, -a, -ud. embassador. legatus, -i, M. eminent, praestans, -antis. enact, statuo, 3, -ui, -utus. end, finis, -is, M. ; of life, tempus (-oris, N.) extremum (-us, -a, -um). endowed, praeditus, -a, -um. endure, permaneO, 2, -mansi, -mansurus. enemy, hostis, -is, c. ; inimicus, -I, M. engaged, occupatus, -a, -um. enjoy, fruor, 3, fruiturus ; gaude5, 2, gavisus sum (Lesson 26. 7 ). enough, satis, enslaved (be), serviO, 4. enter 50 food enter, veniO, 4, vein, ventuin (est), with in and ace. ; in- tro, 1. enthusiasm, sludiuin, -i, N. envy, n., iuvidia, -ae, F. envy, v., invideo, 2, -vidi, -vi- sus. equal, par, paris. error, error, -oris, M. escape, evado, 3, -vasi, -vasum (est). esteem, loco, 1 (Lesson ll. s ). eternal, sempiturnus, -a, -um. even, vel (Lesson 10. 9 ) ; ne . . . quidem (Lesson ll. n ). even though, cum ; etsi ; quam- vis ; tametsi. ever, umquam. every, omnis, -e ; quisque, quaeque, quidque. evidence, argumentum, -I, N. evil, adj., inalus, -a, -um. evil, ., malum, -i, N. exalt (over), antepono, 3, -posui, -positus. examine, video, 2, vidi, visus. except, conj., nisi (Lesson SO. 1 }. except, ., excipio, 3, -cepi, -ceptus. excuse, causa, -ae, F. exercise, n., exercitatio, -onis, F. exercise, v., utor, 3, usus. exile, exilium, -i, N. expect, expecto, 1. expense, sumptus, -us, M. eye, oculus, -i, M. Fabius, Fabius, -i, M. fact, res, rel, F. fail, deficit, 3, -fgci, -fectus. fall, opprimo, 3, -pressi, -pres- sus (pass.). false, falsus, -a, -um. falsely, falso. fame, fauia, -ae, F. ; honor, -oris, M. fancy, existimo, 1. far (with comparative}, multo. farmer, agricola, -ae, M. father, pater, -tris, M. fatherland, patria, -ae, F. fault, delictum, -i, N. favor, gratia, -ae, F. fear, n., metus, -us, M. fear, v., metuo, 3, ul ; timeo, 2, -ui ; vereor, 2, veritus sum. feast, epulae, -arum, F. February (of), Februarius, -a, -um. fellow, homo, -inis, M. few, pauci, -ae, -a ; words, pauca, -orum, x. field, ager, -gri, si. fight, pugno, 1. filial respect, pietas, -atis, F. find, find out, invenio, 4, -veni, -ventus. fire, incendium, -i, N. first, tto.,prius (Lesson 18. 1 ); be the , primus with rela- tive clause. five, quinque. fix value, aestimo, 1. flee, fugio, 3, fugi, fugiturus. fleet, classis, -is, F. flow, fluo, 3, fluxl, fluxus (adj.). fly, volo, 1. follow, sequor, 3, secutus sum. food, cibus, -i, M. foolish 51 great foolish, stultus, -a, -um. foolishness, stultitia, -ae, F. for, conj., enim. ; prep., pro with abl. ; ad with gerundive {Lesson 76. 6 ) ; ob with ace. (Lesson 27.} ; for = 'o/' (Lesson II. 1 ). forces, copiae, -arum, F. foreign, peregrlnus, -a, -um. forget,obllviscor,3,oblitussum. fortune, fortuna, -ae, F. forty, quadraginta. forum, forum, -I, N. four, quattuor. four hundred, quadringenti, -ae, -a. fourth, quartus, -a, -um. free, libero, 1. free (from), expers, -ertis ; be free from, careo, 2, -ul, -iturus ; absum, -esse, aful icith abl. (Lesson 17. 1 ). friend, amicus, -i, M. friendly, amicus, -a, -um. friendship, amlcitia, -ae, F. from, quominus with subjunc- tive ; also Introd. 10. from, prep., a, de, e and ex with the abl. ; thence, inde ; whom, unde (Lesson 3. 9 ); Introd. 2. ~> " fruit, fructus, -us, M. fulfil, fungor, 8, functus sum. full, plenus, -a, -um. furnish. praebeS, 2. G gain, v., adipiscor, 3, adeptus sum ; favor, gratiam capto 1 (Lesson gain, M., lucrum, -I, N. Gaius, Gaius, -I, M. garden, hortus, -i, M. garment, vestis, -is, F. gate, porta, -ae, F. Gaul, Gallia, -ae, F. Gaul (a), Gallus, -I, r. general, imperator, -oris, M. get, peto, 3, petlvi, petitus ; possession, potior, 4, poti- tus sum. give, do, d5re, dedi, datus ; redds, 3, didi, -ditus ; ad- vice, praecipio, 3, -cepi, -cep- tus ; attention to first, praeverto, 3, -vertl, -versus (Lesson 30?) ; (excuse) , af- fero, -ferre, -tuli, allatus ; up, omitto, 3, -misi, -missus. glorious, praeclarus, -a, -um. glory, gloria, -ae, F. go, eo, Ire, !vl, itum (est) ; out, extinguo, 3, -tinxi, -tinctus (pass.). god, deus, -i, M. gold, aurum, -I, N. good, good man, bonus, -a, -um ; deeds, benefacta, -orum, N. ; name, fama, -ae, F. goods, bona, -orum, N. gore, cruor, -oris, M. Gracchus, Gracchus, -I, M. grain, frumentum, -I, N. grant, do, dire, dedi, datus ; largior, 4, dept. grateful, gratus, -a, -um. grave, use rogus, -I, M. great, great things, magnus, -a, -um. greater 52 Ides greater, superior, -ius. greatness, magnitude, -in is, F. Greece, Graecia, -ae, F. Greek, Graecus. -a. -urn ; phi. subst., Graeci, drum, M. greet, saluto, 1. grieve, doleo, '2, -ul, -iturus. groan, gemitus, -us, M. guard, r., defends, 3, -fendi, -fensus ; conserve, 1 (Lesson 15. z ); custodio, 4. guard, n, custCs, -odis, c. ; vigiliae, -arum, F. guilty (be), commaculo, 1 (reflex.); use with abl. Hannibal, Hannibal, -alis, M. Hanno, Hanno, -6nis, M. happen, fio, fieri, factum est ; accidit, 3, -cidit. happening, eventus, -us, M. ; res, rei, F. happily, beate ; felix (Lesson 1.*). happiness, fellcitas, -atis, F. happy, laetus, -a, -um ; beatus, -a, -um. hard,difficilis, -e; durus, -a, um. harm, noceO, 2, nocui, nocitum (est). haste, celeritas, -atis, F. hate, v., odi, -isse, Osurus. hate, M., hatred, odium, -i, N. have, habeo, 2 ; case form (Introd. 11); confidence, confido, 3, -fisus sum ; force, valeO, 2, -ui, -iturus ; - killed, iugulari cogo, 3, -6gi, -actus (Lesson 31. s ). he, is, ea, id ; untranslated often; of him (self), etc., sui, etc. head, caput, -ills, N. health, valetudo, -inis, F. hear, hear of, audio, 4. heavy, gravis, -e. help, iuvo, 1, iuvi, iutus. here, hie. hidden, reconditus, -a, um. high (of price), magnus, -;i, -um. high priest, pontifex (-icis, M.) maximus (-a, -um). himself, ipse, -a, -um ; reflex., sui.' hinder, impedio, 4. his, suus, -a, -um ; eius ; illius ; often untranslated; own, suus, -a, -um. hold, teneo, 2, tenul. home, domus, -us (-i), F. honey, mel, mellis, N. honor, honor, -oris, M. honorable, honOratus, -a, -um. hope, v., optO, 1 ; for, sper6, 1. hope, n., sp6s, -ei, F. horse, equus, -1, M. Hortensius. -i, M. house, aedgs, -is, F. (wse in plu.~); domus, -us (-1), F. how, quern ad modum ; with adj., quam. human, humanus, -a, -um. hundredth, centesimus, -a, -um. I, ego, mei. Ides, Id us, -uum, F. if 53 law if, si ; agreeable, si placet (Lesson 77. 2 ); anything, any one, some one, si quis, -qua, -quid ; anywhere, (= whither), si quo ; not, nisi ; only, modo, dum- modo. imitate, imitor, 1, dept. immoderate, immoderatus, -a, -uni. immortal, iinmortalis, -e. immortality, immortalitas, -atis, F. impend, inipendeo, -ere. imprudence, temeritas, -atis, F. in, in with ace. and abl. in ... behalf, pro with abl. in case of, Introd. 9. in order that, ut. in person, ipse, -a, -urn. in such a way that, ita . . . ut. increase, augeo, 2, auxl, auc- tus ; crescO, 3, crevi, cretus. induce, persuadeo, 2, -suasi, -suasum (est). infinite, Inflnitus, -a, -urn. influence, auctoritas, -atis, F. ; gravitas, -atis, F. ; gratia, -ae, F. (Lesson .75. 2 ). injure, laedO, 3, laesi, laesus. injustice, iniuria, -ae, F. innocence, innocentia, -ae, F. innocent, innocfins, -entis. inquire, quaerO, 3, quaeslvi, quaesitus. intellect, ingenium, -I, N. interest (be involved, be to in- terest of), interest, -esse, -fuit. into, in or ad with ace. ; the neighborhood of, ad with ace. it, is, ea, id ; often untranslated. it is necessary, ita necesse est (Lesson 22. 9 ). Italy, Italia, -ae, F. itself, sul. January (of), lanuarius, -a, -urn. joined, coniunctus, -a, -um. joy, gaudium, -i, N. joyful, laetus, -a, -uin. judge, n., iudex, -icis, M. judge, v., iudico, 1 ; guilty, condemns, 1. Junius, lunius, -i, M. just, iiistus, -a, -um. just as though, quasi. Kalends, Kalendae, -arum, F. ; Introd. 49. kill, interficio, 3, -feel, -fectus. kindly feeling, benevolentia, -ae, F. kindness, beneficium, -I, N. king, rex, regis, M. knight, eques, -itis, M. know, scio, 4. known, notus, -a -um. lack, careo, 2, -ui, -iturus. Laelius, Laelius, -I, M. lamentation, lamentum, -I, N. lamp, lumen, -inis, N. (Lesson 9.'). law, lex, Iggis, F. lay aside 54 modius lay aside, dSpono, 3, -posui, -positus. lead forth, deduce, 3, -duxi, -ductus. lead on, induce, 3, -duxi, -ductus. leader, dux, ducis, c. learn, disco, 3, didici. learned, doctus, -a, -urn. leave, excedo, 3, -cessi, -cessum (est). legion, legio, -onis, F. leisure, otium, I, N. less, compar. of parvus. letter (a), litterae, -arum, F. level, (be) on a, par, paris. liberator, liberator, -oris, M. lie, mentior, 4, dept. life, vita, -ae, F. light, 7i., lux, lucis, F. light, adj., levis, -e. like, v., void, velle, volui. like, adj., similis, -e. likeness, similitude, -inis, F. lineage, genus, -eris, N. literature, litterae, -arum, F. little, parvus, -a, -um. live, vivo, 3, vixi, victum est ; habito, 1. load, v., onero, 1. load, n., onus, -eris, N. lofty, amplissimus, -a, -um. long time (a), diu. longing, desiderium, -i, N. lose, amitto, 3, -misl, -missus ; perdo, 3, perdidi, perditus. love, v., amo, 1 ; colO, 3, colul, cultus. love, n., amor, -oris, M. ; cupi- ditas, -atis, F. low (of price), parvus, -a, -um. lower in rank, inferior, -ius. M made (be), cre6, 1 (pass.}. magistrate, magistratus, -us, M. make, faciS, 3, feci, factus ; a speech, orationem habeo, 2 ; boast, glorior, 1 , dept. ; mistakes, pecco, 1 ; use, utor, 3, iisus sum. man, vir, viri, M. ; homo, -inis, c. ; is, ea, id (Lesson 12. 1 ) ; sometimes untranslated. managed (be), fio, fieri, factum est. manner, modus, -1, M. many, multl, -ae, -a. matter, res, rei, F. medicine, medicina, -ae, F. meet, obviam eo, ire, ivi, itum (est) ; with, congredior, 3, -gressus with cum. memory, memoria, -ae, F. mention, dico, 3, dixl, dictus with de ; commemoro, 1 ; mentionem facio, 3, feci, factus. merit, meritum, -1, N. Metellus, Metellus, -I, M. mildness, mollitia, -ae, F. mile, inille passus or passuum. mind, mens, mentis, F. ; animus, -I, M. mine, meus, -a, -um. Minucius, Minucius, -i, M. misdeed, facinus, -oris, N. moderate, modicus, -a, -um. moderation, moderatio. -Onis, F. modius, uiodius, -i, M. moment 55 on moment, momentum, -i, >. money, pecunia, -ae, F. month, mensis, -is, M. more, plures, -a ; plus, pluris (Lesson 13. w ); than.magis- quam. mortal, inortalis, -e. most, max i me. motion, motus, -us, M. mountain, mons, mentis, M. mourn, deplore, 1. move, moveo, 2, movi, motus. much, multus, -a, -urn ; adv., multum ; with comparative, multO. multitude, multitude, -iuis, F. Murena, Murena, -ae, M. Mutina, Mutina, -ae, F. my, meus, -a, -um ; often un- translated. N Naevius, Naevius, -I, M. name, noinen, -inis, N. Naples, Neapolis, -is, F. nation, gens, gentis, F. natural endowment, ingenium, -I, N. nature, natura, -ae, F. nearer (be), propius absum, -esse, afui. necessary, necesse. need, opus, N., indecl. negligent, negligens, -entis. Nestor, NestSr, -oris, M. never, numquam. new, novus, -a, -um. night, nox, noctis, F. ninety, nonaginta. no, nullus, -a, -um ; nihil with the gen.; adv., non ; need, non opus ; one, nemo [nullius], c. none, nullus, -a, -um ; n., nemo [nullius], c. Nones, Nonae, -arum, F. (In- trod. 49). nor, neque ; nee. not, non ; in prohibitions, ne ; alone, non solum, non modo ; even, ne . . . qui- dem ; merely, non solum ; only, non modo, non solum. not know, nescio, 4. not wish, nolo, nolle, nolui. nothing, nihil, N., indecl. November (of), November, -bris, -bre. now, mine. 0, interj. 0. October (of), October, -bris, -bre. of, de with abl. ; age, use natus, -a, -um ; lower rank, inferior, -ius. office, honor, -oris, M. ; taberna, -ae, F. (Lesson 16. 1 ). official, magistratus, -us, M. often, saepe. oil, oleum, -I, N. old, vetus, -eris ; senex, senis ; age, senectus, -utis, F. ; man, senex, senis, M. on, (of Dates') Introd. 49; ( = concerning) de with abl. ; guard, in vigilia ; pub- lic business, publice. on the contrary prefer on the contrary, contra. once, semel. one, unus, -a, -um ; aliquis, -qua, -quid ; indcf. '2d sing. ; unus aliquis (Lesson IS. 1 ^). only, sSlum. open, apertus, -a, -um. openly, aperte. opinion, oplnio, -onis, F. opposed (be), disstdeo, 2, -sedi. or, aut ; vel ; (utrum . . .) an. orator, orator, -oris, M. order, imperS, 1 ; iubeS, 2, iussi, iussus. Orestes, Orestes, -is, -ae, M. other, alius, -a, -ud ; ceterus, -a, -um. ought, debeS, 2 ; oportet, 2, -uit ; gerundive. our, noster, -tra, -tram, own (with 'his,' etc.), suus, -a, -um. owner, dominus, -1, M. pains, cura, -ae, F. Paphos, Paphos, -i, F. pardon, ignosco, 3, -n5vi, -noturus. parent, parens, -entis, c. part, pars, partis, F. pass, veniC, 4, veni, ventum (est) (Lesson 32."). Paulus, Paulus, -I. M. pay, Iu6, 3, lul ; taxes, vec- tigalia pend5, >, pependi, pensus. peace, pax, pacis, F. penalty, poena, -ae, F. people, populus, -I, M. ; is, ea, id. perceive, videS, 2, vidi, visus ; intellegS, 3, -I6xi, -Igctus. perchance, fortasse. performer, histrio, -6nis, M. perhaps, fortasse. personal, suus, -a, -um. persuade, persuadeo, 2, -suasi, suasum (est). Philo, Philo, -6nig, M. philosopher, philosophus, -i, M. pity, misericordia, -ae, F. place, locus, -i, M. plan, consilium, -i, N. Plato, Plat6, -Onis, M. play, fabula, -ae, F. pleasant, iucundus, -a, -um. please, places, 2, placui, placi- turus. pleasing, gratus, -a, -um. pleasure, voluptas, -atis, F. point, locus, -i, M. poor, pauper, -eris ; inops, inopis. possess, habed, 2. possessed of, praeditus, -a, -um. poverty, paupertas, -atis, F. power, potestas, -atis, F. ; po- tentia, -ae, F. practice, exerceO, 2. praetor, praetor, -oris, M. praise, lauds, 1. pray, t?., opto, 1. pray, adv., igitur. prayer, prex, precis, F. (only in plu.). precept, praeceptum, -I, N. prefer, malo, malle, malui ; praefero, -ferre, -tull, -latus ; prefer ... to, malo . . . quam ; antepOnS, 3, -posul, -positus. 57 retain prepare, paro, 1. present (be), adsuni, . -esse, -fui. preserve, conserve, 1. prevail upon, exoro, 1. prevent, impedio, 4 ; quo- minus (Lesson 21. s ). price, pretium, -1, N. pride, superbia, -ae, F. priesthood, saeerdOtium, -i, N. private, privatns, -a, -uin. proceed, venio, 4, veni, ventum (est); proficlscor, 3, -fectus sum. promise, polliceor, 2, dept. proscription, proscrlptiO, -6nis, F. protection, tulela, -ae, F. prove guilty, convince, 3, -vici, -victus. provided only, dummodo. provided that, dummodo ; modo. province, provincia, -ae, F. prudence, prudentia, -ae, F. public, publicus, -a, -um ; en- emy, hostis, -is, c. punishment, poena, -ae, F. purpose, voluntas, -atis, F. put in claim, postulo, 1. put in veto, interc6d6, 3, -cessl, -cessum (est). put up, figO, 3, flxl, flxus. Pylades, Pylades, -ae, -is, M. Pyrrhus, Pyrrhus, -I, M. quarter, pars, partis, F. quiet, remlssus, -a, -um. Quintus, Quintus, -I, M. race, genus, -eris, N. raise cry, clamo, 1. rank, ordo, -inis, M. rashness, temeritas, -atis, F. rather than, potiusquam ; ma- gisquatn ; quam (Lesson 3. 10 ). reach, pervenio, 4, -venl, -ven- tum (est) , with ad and ace. read, lego, 3, legi, lectus ; re- citS, 1. reap, percipiO, 3, -cepl, -ceptus. reason, causa, -ae, F. reasoning, ratio, -onis, F. recollection, recordatio, -Onis, F. refer, refero, -ferre, -tuli, -latus. refuse, recuso, 1. reign, regno, 1. reject, reicio, 3, -iecl, -iectus. rejoice, gaudeo, 2, gavisus. relate, dico, 3, dixi, dictus. relying, fretus, -a, -um. remain, maneo, 2, mansi, man- surus ; remaneo, 2, -mans!, -mansurus. remark, dictum, -i, N. remember, memini, -isse ; re- corder, 1, dept. repent, paenitet, 2, -uit. reply, v., respondeo, 2, -spondi, -spOnsus. reply, n., respOnsum, -I, N. reserve, reserve, 1. resist, resisto, 3, -stitl. resource, opes, -um, F. respond, respondeO, 2, -spondi, -spOnsus. restore, rfistituo, 3, -stitui, -sti- tutus. retain, teneO, 2. retake 58 slaughter retake, recipio, :}, -cCpi, -ceptus. return, ., reddo, 3, -didl, -di- tus ; reverto, 3, -verti, -ver- sum est ; recipio, 3, -c6pi, -ceptus (reflex.). return, n., reditus, -us, M. rich, dives, -itis. rights, ius, iuris, N. rob. spolio, 1. Roman, Romanus, -a, -um ; pin. subst., Romani, -oruin, M. Rome, Roma, -ae, F. room, cella, -ae, F. Roscius, Roscius, -i, M. Rufus, Rufus, -i, M. ruined, perditus, -a, -um. rule, v., regno, 1 ; over, im- pero, 1. rule, n., ratio, -onis, F. Sabines, Sablnl, -ornm, M. sad, maestus, -a, -um. safeguard, salus, -utis, F. safely, use tutus, -a, -um. Saguntum. Saguntum, -I, N. sake, causa, -ae, F.; gratia, -ae, F. salute, salut5, 1. same, Idem, eadem, idem, sanctity, sanctitas, -atis, F. sate, exple5, 2, -plevi, -pletus. save, servo, 1. say, dlco, 3, dixi, dictus. Scaevola, Scaevola, -ae, M. Scipio, Sclpio, -onis, M. season, tempus, -oris, N. seated (be), sedeo, 2, secll, sessurus. secure, assequor, 3, -secutus sum. see, videO, 2, vidi, visus ; vis6, 3, visl, visus ; intellego, 3, -16x1, -iSctus ; to it, video ; euro, 1. seek, adpeto, 3, -petlvl, -petitus. seem, seem best, videor, 2, vlsum (est), visus. self, sui. sell, vendo, 3, vgndidi, vendi- tus. senate, senatus, -us, M. send, mitto, 3, misi, missus. separate, secern5, 3, -crevi, -cr6tus ; diiungo, 3, -iunxi, -iunctus. September (of), September, -bris, -bre. serious, magnus, -a, -um. servant, servus, -1, M. serve out, servio, 4. Servius, Servius, -i, M. sesterce, sestertius, -I, M. set out, proficiscor, 3, -fectus sum. Sextius, S6xtius, -1, M. shameful, foedus, -a, -um. shamelessness, audacia, -ae, F. ship, navis, -is, F. should, debeo,2 ; oportet, 2, -nit, show, doceo, 2, -ui, doctus ; ostendo, 3, -tendi, -tentus. Sicily, Sicilia, -ae, F. sick, aeger, -gra, -grum. sign, signum, -i, N. silence, silentium, -i, N. silent (be), taceo, 2, tacui, tacitiirus. simple, simplex, -icis. since, cum ; quoniatn. slaughter, caedes. -is, F. slave 59 take slave, servus, -I, M. ; be a , servio, 4. slavery, servitus, -utis, F. sleep, somnus, -I, M. so, sic ; tarn ; ita ; so ... as, ita ... ut ; tarn ... ut ; tarn . . . quam. so great, tantus, -a, -um. so long as, quoad. so much that, sic ... ut. so that, ut ; sic ... ut ; ita . . . ut. Socrates, Socrates, -is, M. sold (be), veneo, 4, -ivl. soldier, miles, -itis, M. some, some one, something, aliqui (-quis), -qua, -quod (-quid) ; quis, quae, quid. son, filius, -I. M. soon, inox. . sort, modus, -i, M. soul, animus, -i, M. speak, dico, 3, dlxl, dictus ; loquor, 3, locutus sum ; dis- ser6, 3, -serul, -sertus ; of, loquor with de and abl. ; with, loquor with cum and abl. speech, oratio, -onis, F. splendid, praeclarus, -a, -um. spread, sterns, 3, stravl, stra- tus. spring, orior, 4, ortus sum. stand, sto, 1, stetl. state, res (rei, F.) piiblica (-us, -a, -um). station, colloco, 1. statue, signum, -1, N. still, tamen. stop, subsistO, 3, -stitl. storm, tempestas, -atis, F. strength, vires, -iuin, F. strife, contentio, -onis, F. style, genus, -eris, N. ; consue- tude (-inis, F.) scribendi (Lesson 6. 11 ). subject, res, rei, F. ; causa, -ae, F. (Lesson 32?~). such (a) , tails, -e ; great, tantus, -a, -um. such . . . that, ita ... ut. suffering, cruciatus, -us, M. ; miseria, -ae, F. suited, accommodatus, -a, -um ; decorus, -a, -um (Lesson Sulla, Sulla, -ae, M. Sulpicius, Sulpicius, -i, M. summon, arcesso, 3, -ivl, -Itus ; to court, in iudicium voco, 1. superior, praestabilis, -e ; be , praesto, 1, -stitl, -staturus. supplied (be well), abundo, 1. sure, certus, -a, -um. surely, certO. surpass, superO, 1. suspect, suspicor, 1, dept. suspicion, suspicio, -onis, F. sweet, dulcis, -e. Syracuse, Syracusae, -arum, F. tablet, tabula, -ae, F. take, capio, 3, cepi, captus ; accipio, 3, -cepi, -ceptus ; - away, tollO, 3, sustuli, sublatus ; abstraho, 3, -traxl, -tractus ; from. rapiO, 3, rapui, raptus ; eripid, 3, Tarentum 60 to -ripui, -reptus ; extorqueO, 2, -torsi, -tortus ; pains, curam adhibeo, 2. Tarentum, Tarentum, -i, N. teach, doceo, 2, -ui, doctus. tear, lacriina, -ae, F. tell, dic5, 3, dixi, dictus ; ex- ponO, 3, -posui, -positus ; narrG, 1 ; praescribo, 3, -scrips!, -scrlptus; intelleg5, 3, -lexi, -lectus (Lesson SO. 10 ). temple, templum, -i, N. ; aedes, -is, F. ten, decem. testimony, testimOnium, -i, x. than, quam ; ablative case. thank, gratias ago, 3, 6gi, actus. that, pron., ille, -a, -ud ; hie, haec, hOc ; is, ea, id ; rel. pron., qui, quae, quod. that, conj. (purpose), ut, qui, causa and gratia; (result), ut, qui; (verbs of fearing), ne ; (of doubt), quin ; not translated by any one word ivhen introducing indirect discourse or complementary infinitive; no, ne (pur- pose) ; not, ut or ne non (fearing) ; something, ne quid (fearing). the, untranslated often ; is, ea, id. the (things), ea, eOrum, N. theft, fiirtum, -T, N. their, suus, -a, -urn ; eOrurn ; untranslated often. them, see they. themselves, sui. then, tuin. there, ibi. there (art; etc.), untranslated. therefore, igitur. Thessaly, Thessalia, -ae, F. they, is, ea, id; sui; untrans- lated often. thing, r6s, rel, F. ; is, ea, id ; untranslated often. think, arbitror, 1, dept. ; puto, 1 ; sentio, 4, s6nsi, sensus ; considers, 1 ; more highly of, use forms of plus ), tametsi. thousand, mille ; (sesterces), sestertium, -i, N. threaten, minor, 1, dept. three, tr6s, tria ; hundred, trecenti, -ae, -a. through, per with ace. ; through . . . agency, efforts, Intrtxl 14; my fault, mea culpa. throughout, per with ace. thus, itaque. Tiberius, Tiberius, -i, M. till, dum. time, tempus, -Oris, N. to, prep., in, ad with ace. to (of infinitive), ut (purpose and object clauses) ; qui ( purpose and characteristic) ; to-day 61 We ad with ace. of gerundive ; supine in -um. to-day, hodie. toil, labor, -oris, si. tongue, lingua, -ae, F. too, etiam ; et. toward, in irith ace. town, oppiduin, -I, x. trade, negotior, 1, dept. train, exerceo, 2. training, exercitatio, -oiiis, F. tree trunk, truncus, -I, M. trial, iudiciuin, -I, N. tribuneship, tribunatus, -us, M. trophy, palma, -ae, F. trouble, labor, -oris, M. ; res, rel, F. (Lesson ^. 13 ). troublesome, molestus, -a, -um. true, verus, -a, -um. trust, fidem habe5, 2. truth, v6ritas, -atis, F. try, conor, 1, dept. turn, verto, 3, verti, versus, twenty, vigintl. two, duo, -ae, -o. tyrant, tyrannus. -I, M. uncertain, fragilis, -e. under guardianship, protec- tion, in tutela. undergo, subeO, -Ire, -ii, -itus. unfailing, certus, -a, -um. unfriendly, inirnlcus, -a, -um. universal, universus, -a, -um. unjust, iniustus, -a, -um. unless, nisi. until, dum. unwilling (be), nolo, nOlle, nolul. unworthy, indignus, -a, -um. upright, probus, -a, -um. uprising, tumultus, -us, M. urge, hortor, 1, dept. us, see we. use, utor, 3, usus. used (be), soleo, 2, solitus sum ; imperfect tense. valor, virtus, -utis, F. valuable (be more), forms of sum and plus. value (be of greater), forms of sum and plus. variance (be at), repugnO, 1. very, etiam (Lesson ftf. 11 ) ; superlative degree. victorious, victor, -oris, M.. used as adj.; be , vincO, 3, vie!, victus. view, oplnio, -onis, F. virtue, virtfls, -utis, F. voice, vox, vOcis, F. W wage war, bellum ger5, 3, gessT, gestus. wait, expects, 1. wall, murus, -I, M. want, vol5, velle, volui. war, bellum, -I, N. ward off, depello, 3, -pull, -pulsus. watch, observo, 1. water, aqua, -ae, F. way, modus, -i, M. ; ratio, -onis, F. we, nos, nostrum, nostrl ; H- translated often. weak 62 yet weak, imbellis, -e. wealth, dlvitiae, -arum, F. weight, poudus, -eris, N. weighty, gravis, -e. well, bene ; well-known, n5- bilis, -e ; well-trained, bene institiitus. what, pron., qui, quae, quod (compound rel. pron. and exclam. adj.); quis (qul), quae, quid (quod), (interrog. pron. and adj.). what, adv., (exclamatory), quam. what sort, qualis, -e. whatever, qulcumque, quae- cumque, quodcumque. when, ubi ; cum (temporal and concessive). where, ubi. wherefore, igitur. whether, -ne ; whether ... or, utrum ... an. whether at any time, si quando. which, see what ; (of two) uter, -tra, -tram, while, cum. whither, quo. who, see what, whole, totus, -a, -um. why, cur, quid, qua re", wickedness, scelus, -eris, N. wife, uxor, -oris, F. will, testamentum, -I, N. willing (be), volo, velle, volul. wisdom, sapientia, -ae, F. wise, wise man, sapiens, -entis, M. wise, n., modus, -I, M. wish, volo, velle, volui. with, cum with abl.; use a gen. (Lesson SO. 1 ' 2 ); a with abl. (Lesson 3J.*) with resignation, inolliter. withdraw, rec6d5, 3, -cessi, -ces- sum (est) ; s6c6dO, 3, -cessl, -cessum (est) ; recipio, 3, -cepi, -ceptus (reflex.). without, sine with abl. ; be , careo, 2, -ul, -iturus ; ex- perience, expers, -tis. withstand, resists, 3, -stiti. witness, testis, -is, c. wonderful, mirabilis, -e ; ad- mlrabilis, -e ; singularis, -e. word, n., verbum, -!, N. word, v., scrlbo, 3, scrips!, scriptus. work, opus, -eris, N. worth more (be), forms of sum and plus. worth while (be), forms of sum and tantus. worthless, nequam, inded. worthy, dignus, -a, -um. would that, utinam. wrest, 6ripi5, 3, -ripul, -rep- tus. wretch, scelestus, -a, -um (used as noun). wretched, miser, -era,.-erum. write, scrlbO, 3, scrips!, scrip- tus. wrong, delictum, -I, N. ; iniu- ria, -ae, F. ; facinus, -oris, N. year, annus, -T, M.; years of age, use natus. yet, tamen. yield 63 youth yield, ced6, 3, cessi, cessum j your, tuus, -a, -urn ; vester, (est). -tra, -train. you, tu, tul ; vos, vestruui, ves- tri ; untranslated often. young (the), iuventus, -utis, r. young, adj., adulescens, -en- tis. yourself, tul (reflex.) ; ipse, -a, youth (a), adulescens, -entis, M. ; iuvenis, -is, c. youth, iuventus, -utis, F. 14 A Latin Grammar. By Professor CHARLES E. BENNETT, Cornell University, izmo, cloth, 382 pages. Price, 80 cents. IN this book the essential facts of Latin Grammar are pre- sented within the smallest compass consistent with high scholarly standards. It covers not only the work of the pre- paratory school, but also that of the required courses in college and university. By omitting rare forms and syntactical usages found only in ante-classical and post-classical Latin, and by relegating to an Appendix theoretical and historical questions, it has been found possible to treat the subject with entire ade- quacy in the compass of 250 pages exclusive of Indexes. In the German schools, books of this scope fully meet the exacting demands of the entire gymriasial course, and those who have tried Bennett's Grammar find that they are materially helped by l;eing relieved oi the mass cu useless and irrelevant matter which Forms the bulk of the ol(W grammar* All Latin texts fov read- ing in secondary schools, recently issued, contain references in the notes to Bennett's Latin Grammar. Professor William A. Houghton, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine: The Grammar proper is admirably adapted to its purpose in its clearness of arrangement and classification, and in its simplicity and precision of statement, giving definitely just what the pupil must know, and not crowd- ing the page with a mass of matter that too often disheartens the young student instead of helping him. I trust it will come into general use, for I think for the reasons just given, and because of its moderate compass and attractive appearance, students are likely to get more practical gram- matical knowledge out of it than they generally do from the larger grammars. John P. Peck, Oberlin Academy, Oberlin, Ohio : Bennett's Latin Grammar was adopted as a text-book in Oberlin Academy in 1897. It is proving itself a very satisfactory text-book and increasingly popular. The teachers of Latin in Oberlin Academy are thoroughly satisfied with the book and iiiul it exceedingly helpful in their work. The Critic, Feb. 29, 1896. The book is a marvel of condensed, yet clear and forcible, statement. The ground covered in the treatment of forms and syntax is adequate for ordinary school work and for the use of fresli- men and sophomores in college. LA TIN. 16 Appendix to Bennett's Latin Grammar. By Professor CHARLES E. BENNETT, Cornell University. For uni- versity work, ismo, cloth, 246 pages. Price, 80 cents. ''F'HE purpose of this book is to give such information regard- I ing the history and development of the Latin language as experience has shown to be of service to advanced students. The subjects treated are the Latin Alphabet, Pronunciation, Hidden Quantity, Accent, Orthography, The Latin Sounds, Inflections, Adverbs and Prepositions, and Syntax. Of these subjects, those of Hidden Quantity, Inflections, and Syntax re- ceive special attention ; and the results of recent investigation are set forth fully and clearly, but in compact form. Professor Edouard Wblfflin, in the Archiv fur Lateinische Lexikographie und Grammatik. February, 1896. Auf geringem Raume ist viel wis- senswiirdiges zusammengedrangt, und zwar mit praktischem Geschicke ; zwei langere Listen geben die lateinisehen WQrter von bestrittener Qnan- titat und Orthographic, wobei die Ansatze von Marx oft berichtigt sind. . . . Die deutsche Wissenschaft wird sich nur freuen dass das amerikan- ische Schulvvesen ein so brauchbares Hilfsmittel gewonnen hat. Professor Hermann Osthoff, University of Heidelberg: Steht auf der Hb'he des heutigen Wissens. Professor Harry Thurston Peck, Columbia College, N.Y.: It is no exag- geration to say that so compact, helpful, and practical a collection of indispensable information cannot be found elsewhere in any language whatsoever. Even in Germany, the home of classical enchiridia, nothing has yet appeared that is so satisfactory. Professor Bennett seems to divine by instinct just what questions arise in the mind of the student, and he here answers them in advance in a delightfully lucid and simple fashion. . . . Everywhere the best authorities are cited ; and it is certain that to many teachers, as well as students, the mere perusal of this little manual will open up many new vistas, and will put them in touch with the most scholarly doctrine of the day. In fact the book is one that no pro- gressive instructor can afford to be without, as it summarizes an immense amount of information that is of the utmost practical importance. Complete Edition. BENNETT'S Latin Grammar and Appendix in one volume. lamo, half leather, 282 + 246 pages. Price, $1.25. 16 LA TIN. Latin Composition. By Professor CHARLES E. BENNETT, Cornell University. i6mo, cloth, 172 pages. Price, 80 cents. THIS book has been prepared with the conviction that the primary function of Latin Composition in secondary schools ,s to extend and strengthen the pupil's knowledge of Latin gram- mar. Accordingly, the lessons are devoted mainly to exercises in applying the principles of the various case r.nd mood construc- tions recognized in our Latin Grammars. In order that the writing of continuous discourse may not be neglected, passages of simple English narrative, involving the principles covered in the previous exercises, are frequently introduced. Grammatical references are to Bennett, Allen & Greenough, and Harkness. The illustrative examples given at the beginning of each lesson have been drawn with great care from Latin literature mainly from Cicero's speeches. The English sentences set for transla- tion into Latin have also, in most cases, been suggested by pas- sages occurring in the works of classical authors. J. Edmund Barss, Hotchkiss School, Lakeville, Conn.: I have been using Bennett's Latin Composition with a class reading Virgil. I have found it a thoroughly usable book, both with the author's and with other standard grammars; and I am especially pleased with the successful union of interest with practical fitness in the sentences. Professor S. C. Mitchell, Richmond College, Va.: It is the most sensible and helpful book of its kind that has come into my hands. The Quantitatiue Reading of Latin Poetry. By Professor CHARLES E. BENNETT, Cornell University. I2mo, paper, 49 pages. Price, 25 cents. RELIEVING that a more thorough study of the oral reading 13 of Latin Poetry may prove a source of pleasure and profit, not only to the pupils but also to many teachers of the language, Professor Bennett has prepared this little monograph emphasizing the importance of the knowledge of quantities as well as of rhythm. LA TIN. 17 Latin Lessons. By Professor CHARLES E. BENNETT, of Cornell University. i6mo, cloth, 191 pages. Price, 70 cents. PROFESSOR BENNETT is a believer in the old-fashioned 1 method of beginning Latin, that is, learning the forms first, learning them in order, and learning them once and for all. The Latin Lessons is a book that sends the beginner directly to the grammar for forms and rules, taking them up in their regular order. Complete sentences are found in the very first lesson, and easy stories are introduced as soon as the pupil has learned enough grammar, in the regular order, to read them. Teachers who believe in the method of " resolute, systematic, and sustained attack on declensions and conjugations " will find Professor Ben- nett's new book admirably suited to help them in their work. A. L. K. Volkmann, Volkmann School, Boston, Mass. : I like Bennett's Latin Lessons very much. You are getting somewhere, and you know what you have got, and you get the -whole thing, which is the main point. The Foundations of Latin. A book for beginners. By Professor CHARLES E. BENNETT, of Cor- nell University. 12010, cloth, 231 pages. Price, 90 cents. THIS book presents the matter for the beginner in Latin in sixty chapters, the first thirty-five devoted almost entirely to inflections, the remaining twenty-five to syntax, both subjects being treated in the order in which they are usually found in the grammar. Such rules of syntax as are needed for reading and writing simple sentences are given in the earliest lessons, so that the pupil has constant drill on the forms while acquiring them ; but the systematic study of general syntax is postponed till the pupil shall have mastered the forms. The book serves equally well as an introduction to Caesar or Nepos. Dr. R. M. Jones, Penn Charter School, Philadelphia, Pa. : We have adopted Bennett's Foundations of Latin. It is the best book of its class. George D. Bartlett, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. : I have used a great many introductory Latin books, and have found none so satisfactory as Bennett's Foundations of Latin. 18 LA TIN. Ccesar's Gallic War. Revised Edition, with Indicated Quantities, Introduction, Notes, Vocabulary, Table of Idioms, Key to the English Pronunciation of Proper Names, Illustrations, and Maps. Edited by Professor FRANCIS W. KELSEY, University of Michigan. I2mo, half leather, 584 pages. Price, $ 1.25. IN this revised edition many changes and additions have been made, rendering the book, without question, the best- equipped text of Caesar's Gallic War published for school use. The Introduction and Notes have been rewritten, the Vocab- ulary enlarged, a Key to the English Pronunciation of Proper Names added, several plans replaced, and the Table of Idioms, so valuable to beginners for drill on syntax is retained. The Notes have references to Bennett, Allen and Greenough, and Harkness (Complete Edition) . The Text has been reprinted from new plates which are cast from type larger than that used in the old book. The most important change in this new edition is the marking of the long vowels. This has been done in the belief that if pupils are taught to pronounce accurately in the first years of their Latin reading, and have enough practice in pronouncing, they wiL hardly experience difficulty afterward. Two editions of the Text only, one with and one without marked quantities, have been prepared, and either of these will be furnished free to schools using the book. William F. Bradbury, Principal of Latin School, Cambridge, Mass. : It is a work of art in every respect Dr. Richard M. Jones, Head-Master William Penn Charter School, Phila- delphia, Pa. : I congratulate you, as the first in this country to embody the modern idea of a school edition of Caesar, upon your pluck in determin- ing to retain your place at the head of the Caesar column, and upon the resources and enterprise which will enable you to stay there. I have, therefore, taken great pleasure in placing the book upon our order list for next autumn. James B. Smiley, West High School, Cleveland, O. : In its revised form, Kelsey's Caesar seems to me to be the best edition which we have. The typography is excellent and the marking of long vowels is an added im- provement LA TIN. 19 Selected Orations and Letters of Cicero. With Introduction, Notes, and Vocabulary by Professor FRANCIS W. KELSEY. i2mo, half leather, 522 pages. Illustrated. Price, $1.25. I"" 1 HE Orations given in this edition are the four against Cati- 1 line, those for the Manilian Law, Archias, Marcellus, and the fourth oration against Antony. These are edited with a view t.o showing their value as examples of oratory, rather than as offering mere material for grammatical drill. The student's attention is directed to the occasion and circumstances of their delivery, as well as to the motive and method of presenting the matter contained in them. Modes of legal procedure, the Con- stitution and form of government in Cicero's time, and the whole environment of the orator, are brought into clear view, and made a reality to the student. The Letters are selected with reference to the light they shed on Cicero as a man rather than as a politician. They afford pleasant glimpses of his private life, and help to make real the pupil's conception of the times in which he lived. As material for short exercises for sight translation or rapid reading they will be found of special value. A Table of Idioms and Phrases presents, in form convenient for use, constructions that deserve special attention. The general introduction is divided into four parts. The first gives an account of Cicero as an orator, as a writer, and as a man. The second gives a summary of the orations, with the dates of their delivery and accounts of their causes and occasions. The third part is an essay on private correspondence among the Romans. The fourth part is an extremely useful tabular outline of the Roman government then existing. The notes contain references to the grammars of Bennett, Allen and Greenough, and Harkness (Standard Edition). S. F. Cutler, Mixed High School, New York City : I can hardly speak too highly of Kelsey's Cicero. It is superior to any other edition that I have seen. Professor J. E. Goodrich, University of Vermont : I do not see that any- thing has been omitted which such a text-book should supply. I shall be pleased to recommend it 20 LA TIN. Selections from Ooid. With an Introduction, Notes, and Vocabulary by Professor FRANCIS W. KELSEY. Illustrated. I2mo, half leather, 453 pages. Price, $1.25. THIS volume has been prepared with especial reference to the needs of students who begin the reading of Latin poetry with Ovid. The selections, with a few exceptions, are short and complete in themselves. It is hoped that a considerable number of them will be found suitable for sight reading. In some cases the length of the more extended passages has been reduced by the omission of lines or passages of unusual difficulty or unequal interest. The text follows the readings of Riese or Merkel, with the change of a word or two occasionally to make the beginning of a selection more intelligible in the absence of the context. As in the editions of Caesar and Cicero by the same editor, no pains have been spared to make the book pleasing to the eye and useful to the student. William C. Collar, Head Master, Latin School, Roxbury, Mass.: I am glad to see an edition containing so good and so varied a collection from Ovid's writings. The book seems to me to be a very conscientious piece of work, and I am particularly pleased with the frequent and happy quota- tions, in the notes, of passages from English poets. Outline of Greek and Roman Mythology. By Professor FRANCIS W. KELSEY. i2mo, paper, 40 pages. Price, 20 cents. THIS is a brief but systematic outline of Greek and Roman Mythology, with a list of reference books. It is useful either as a help to students of classical literature, or as a starting point for the study of classic mythology. Fifty Topics in Roman Antiquities. By Professor FRANCIS W. KELSEY. 121110, paper, 101 pages. Price, 50 cents. THESE " Topics with References " are printed for convenience in assigning work in Roman Antiquities to university Latin students, LATIN. 21 Sal lust's Catiline. Edited by JARED W. SCUDDER, of the Albany Academy, N.Y, 121110, cloth, 245 pages. Price, $1.00. THE fact that Sallust's Bellum Catilinae properly introduces Cicero's Orations against Catiline is becoming more and more widely recognized. This edition has been prepared with a view to enabling the pupil to get every possible benefit from such an introduction, not only through the valuable notes and explan- atory matter, but particularly through the quotation, at the bottom of the pages, of parallel passages from Cicero. In the notes and vocabulary these passages are treated as the text. This feature adds to the book real value, as well as interest, for it gives the pupil opportunity to compare the two authors in points of style and syntax. The quantities are marked, and the notes, vcabu- lary, and introductory matter are clear, comprehensive, and help- ful. The book includes a collection of Sallust's epigrams. George H. Browne, The Browne and Nichols School, Cambridge, Mass. : We have been using Scudder s Sallust in sheets with success, and we welcome the complete book. Our adoption of it is sufficient evidence of our approval. I especially commend the parallel extracts from Cicero, the analytical index, the marked quantities, the temperate introduction, and the adequate annotation. You have supplied a much needed text- book for " Third Year Latin," well printed, well edited, and well bound. A Supplementary Latin Composition. By H. C. NUTTING, of the University of California. i6mo, cloth, 191 pages. Price, 40 cents. THIS manual is designed not to take the place of books based on the old methods of Latin composition, but to supplement them. Each of the six Parts of the book gives the student a chance to illustrate at least once all the points outlined in the grammatical introduction, thus providing for six complete exami- nations on the essential principles of Latin grammar. The order in which the principles occur varies from Part to Part, as does also the guise in which they appear, in order that the student may recognize them on their own merit*-. 22 LATIN. Selections from Viri Romce. With Notes, Exercises, Maps, and a Vocabulary by Professor JOHN C. ROLFE, University of Michigan. i6mo, cloth, 312 pages. Price, 75 cents. URBIS ROM/E VIRI ILLUSTRES is a compilation from Cicero, Livy, Valerius Maximus, and other Roman writers. It is admirably adapted to help the pupil over the difficult tran- sition from the introductory Latin book to Caesar or Nepos. The advantage in its use lies in the fact that it is full of vari- ety and interest, and that it gives the pupil a sketch of Roman history from Romulus to Augustus, in an attractive form, to- gether with many allusions to the customs of Roman life. In the present edition the quantities of all the long vowels, including "hidden quantities," are marked; exercises for trans- lation of English into Latin, based on the text, are given. Thirty-nine pages of the book have been prepared for reading at sight. The other selections are annotated with grammatical and explanatory notes. In the passages for sight reading, the meanings of such new words as cannot readily be inferred are given at the bottom of the page. The notes lay especial em- phasis on grammatical constructions which are impressed on the pupil's mind by cross references. The text is mainly that of C. Holzer (Stuttgart, 1889), with a few changes in orthography and punctuation. Isaac B. Burgess, The Morgan Park Academy, University of Chicago : After considerable class-room use, I take pleasure in commending the edition of Viri Romce by Professor John C. Rolfe. The notes and vocabulary show care and accuracy. The marking of all long vowels is very valuable in elementary work. The hints for translation into Latin admirably cover a good deal of ground in a little space, and the exercises for translation from English into Latin save a teacher much work. George H. Browne, Browne and Nichols School, Cambridge, Mass. : Every time I have looked over Rolfe's Viri Roma I have admired the aim and method of its editor more and more, and cannot commend too highly the success he seems to me to have attained. After using, I expect to make the same report. LA TfM 23 Virgil's Aeneid, Books I-VI, VIII, IX, and portions of the remaining books. With Notes, Vocabulary, Map, Illustrations. Edited by DAVID Y. COMSTOCK, Principal of St. Johnsbury Academy, Vt. 121110, half leather, 567 pages. Price, $140. THIS school edition of the Aeneid is designed to furnish a helpful guide to the intelligent reading of the poem. It aims throughout to render all requisite aid to the pupil of aver- age ability and preparation. The Introduction contains a short outline of classical mythol- ogy, a brief presentation of the principles of prosody, suggestions as to the translation of Latin poetry, and explanation and illus- tration of grammatical and rhetorical figures. The Text contains Books I-VI, VIII, IX, and brief selections from the other Books, thus enabling the student to secure a connected idea of the story of the Aeneid as a whole. The Notes give aid of the right sort, in right measure, and at the right time. They avoid prolixity, dulness, and obscurity, and assume neither too much nor too little knowledge on the part of the student. F. W. Atkinson, Principal of High School, Springfield, Mass. : I like the notes particularly well : they show a good deal of common sense, to say nothing of scholarship. D. W. Lothman, Central High School, Cleveland, O. : I have examined with some care Comstock's Virgil, and I am pleased to say that I regard it as an excellent edition. The sections which have been added from the last Books of the Aeneid furnish excellent material for sight reading. . . . But the real merit of the book lies in the notes, which are compact and to the point, and ought to do much to get both pupils and teachers away from the usual stereotyped " schoolboy translation " to real English. W. P. Cope, Principal of High School, Hamilton, O. : I have examined i carefully, and I like it better than any other edition that I have seen It is written to assist the pupil and not to display the learning of the author. ... In short, I think Comstock's Virgil an ideal text-book. Journal of Pedagogy, December, 1896 : Altogether this edition by Mr, Comstock is one of the most satisfactory that has appeared in this country. 32 LATIN. College Latin Series. ODES AND EPODES OF HORACE. Edited by Professor CHARLES E. BENNETT, of Cornell University. I2mo, cloth, 464 pages. Price, $1.40. SATIRES AND EPISTLES OF HORACE. Edited by Professor JOHN C. ROLFE, of the University of Michigan. 121110, cloth, 458 pages. Price, $140. COMPLETE WORKS OF HORACE. Edited by Professors BENNETT and ROLFE. i2mo, cloth, 922 pages. Price, $2.00. In these volumes each poem is preceded by a careful analysis giving in a line or two all necessary information regarding the subject, date, and metre. Each volume is prefaced by a scholarly discussion of the life and work of Horace, his metres, and lan- guage. The commentary is concise, accurate, and eminently judicious, in all cases telling the student all he needs to know, and never telling him more than he needs, or more than he will understand and appreciate. THE DIALOGUS OF TACITUS. With an Introduction and Notes by Professor ALFRED GUDEMAN, izmo, cloth, 201 pages. Price, $1.00. THE AGRICOLA OF TACITUS. With an Introduction and Notes by Professor ALFRED GUDEMAN. I2mo, cloth, 198 pages. Price, $1.00. THE AGRICOLA AND GERMANIA OF TACITUS. With Maps, Introduction, and Notes, by Professor ALFRED GUDE- MAN. I2mo, cloth, 366 pages. Price, $1.40. In the Dialogus is a scholarly discussion of the authorship of the treatise. The Introduction of the Agricola covers the " Life and Writings of Tacitus," " The Literary Character of the Agric- ola," and "The Style and Rhetoric of Tacitus." This introduc- tion is reprinted in the Agricola and Ger mania, which contains also an introduction to the Germania, and two valuable maps, one of the British Isles, for the Agricola, and the other of Europe, with both ancient and modern names, for the Gerniania. LATIN. 33 College Latin Series, continued. THE ANDRIA OF TERENCE. With Introduction and Notes by Professor HENRY R. FAIRCLOUGH, of Leland Stanford Junior University. I2mo, cloth, 266 pages. Price, $1.25. The introduction deals in a thorough yet concise fashion with the Development of Roman Comedy, the Plot of the Andria, the Characters of the Andria, Dramatic Entertainments, the Division of Plays into Acts and Scenes, Actors and their Costume, the Theatre, Prosody, Metres and Music, and the Language. The notes are carefully adapted to college and university work. THE CAPTIVI OF PLAUTUS. With Introduction and Notes by Professor H. C. ELMER, of Cornell University. I2mo, cloth, 231 pages. Price, $1.25. Professor Elmer's introduction is a brief but comprehensive sur- vey of Plautus' life, his writings, metres, and language, Roman dramatic performances, and the history of the text of the Captivi. SELECTED LETTERS OF PLINY. With an Introduction and Notes by Professor J. H. WESTCOTT, of Princeton University. 1 2m o, cloth, 326 pages. Price, $1.25. The Introduction contains a Life of Pliny, a discussion of Pliny's Style, and a brief bibliography. The Chronology of the Letters, and a critical treatment of the text are given in the Appendices. HANDBOOK OF LATIN INSCRIPTIONS. By W. M. LINDSAY, M.A., Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford. i6mo, cloth, 134 pages. Price, $1.25. The author states very clearly some of the principles of form changes in Latin, and gives a collection of inscriptions by way of illustration, from the earliest period down to Imperial and Late Latin. ROMAN CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY. By Dr. JOHN E. GRANRUD, of the University of Minnesota. 12010, cloth, 306 pages. Price, $1.25. The political institutions of Rome are treated historically so as to furnish collateral reading for students of Latin, and provide an admirable introduction to further study of the subject. 24 LATIN. A Junior Latin Booh. With Notes, Exercises, and Vocabulary, by Professors JOHN C. RoLFE and WALTER DENNISON, of the University of Michigan, iztno, half leather, 498 pages. Price, $1.25. THIS book will appeal most forcibly both to those teachers who are accustomed to begin the course in Latin Reading with the difficult Gallic War, and to those who prefer to pre- pare the way to Caesar by the use of some easier text. To the former it offers a book that can be begun long before their classes can read Caesar a distinct economy of time. To the latter it gives in a single carefully graded volume the varied and profita- ble material that has hitherto been available only by the purchase of several text-books a distinct economy of means. The text consists of Fables, Stories of Roman History based on Eutropius and Livy, extracts from Viri Romae, seven Lives of Nepos, and Books I. and II. of the Gallic War. The book also contains exercises for translation into Latin, based on the text, and many good maps and plans. J. C. Kirtland, Jr., Phillips Academy, Exeter, N.H. : We are using Rolfe and Dennison's Junior Latin Book with the class which began the study of Latin last September. The Roman history especially appealed to us, and we are not surprised to find by experience that it furnishes most satisfactory material for first reading. J. Edmund Barss, Hotchkiss School, Lakeville, Conn. : The selections are, it seems to me, well adapted to provide a substitute for the traditional four Books of Caesar. It is an admirably common-sense text-book. J R. L. Johnson, Piedmont Academy, Gordonsville, Va. : It is one of the most important contributions to the study of Latin which has appeared for years, and one which must inevitably attract the interest of all teach- ers, as it is admirably suited for the purposes for which it is intended. Nathan B. Coy, Principal of Cutler Academy, Colorado Springs, Col. : After giving the Junior Latin Book careful inspection, I do not hesi- tate to pronounce it the very best book for second-year Latin with which I have any acquaintance. Capt. C. W. New, St. John's Military Academy, Delafield, Wis. : 1 antici- pate good results from the use of the Junior Latin Book. It is fitted for its purpose exactly and forms a good substitute for four long Books of Caesar. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. Form L9-25m-8,'46(9852)444 BRARY UN) .LiFORNIA PA 2087 Nutting - N97s A supplementary latin composi- tion. MAR SO 191 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY PA 2087 N97s