SUPPLEMENT Il.

to the

GENERAL SYNOPSIS

of

Lownwp own.

Printed for Leigh, Sotheby & Son,
York Street, Covent Garden.

MDCCCI.

PH GIS, GE.

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Publihd as the Actdirects May 30/80), by Leigh. Sotheby k Son Fork Street, Covent Garden,

Div. I LAND-BIRDS.

GiGi 1k APA CLOU-S
Genusl. VULTURE.

N°-1, Condur V. Var. A.
2. Californian V. N° 8. Arabian V.
3. Cinereous V. g. Secretary V.
4. Alpine V. 10. Bold V.
5. Ath-coloured V. 11. Sociable V.
6. Bearded V. ML tle, molben'si Vy
4. King V. 13. Chagoun V.

Vultur Gryphus, Zzd. Orn. i. p. 1.

Vultur Gryphus, Excyclop. Brit. v. xvitl. p. 695. uh px. Mas,
—— Magellanicus, Lever. Mu/. v.1- pl. 1. fem.

Vautour Condor, Daudin. Trait. d’Ornithol, ii. p. 8.

Condur Vulture, Gen. Syz.i. p, 4.—Jd. Sup. p.1.

W © of thefe (fuppofed to be male and female) are in the
Leverian Mufeum, collected by Mr. Parkinfon. ‘The Sirft is in
breadth from the tip of one wing to that of the other, at leaft ten
feet. The head and neck are covered with cinereous down; on
the crown of the head is a long carunculated membrane, like that of
Super. II. B a cock,

I.
CONDUR
V.

DesGRIPTION.

Vie Us ee Wp sR Bie

a cock, which is irregularly indented at top; part of the throat
is alfo bare, and a kind of pendulous pear-fhaped fubftance on the
breaft, in the manner of the King Vulture: the general colour of the
plumage is black, but the lower part of the neck is furrounded with
a white ruff, of a fine hairy fubftance: the leffer wing coverts are
wholly black; the middle ones have greyifh white ends, forming a
bar when clofed; the greater ones are half black half white, divided
obliquely; the three firft quills are quite black, the fecond quills
greyifh white, tipped with black : tail even, thirteen or fourteen
inches long: thighs covered with longifh feathers: legs ftout, brown ;
claws blunt, black : bill ftrong, moderately hooked; colour black,
with a white tip; and noftrils placed in a depreffiun at the bafe.
When the wings are at reft on the body, the middle of the back ap-
pears white; which circumftance is obferved by Molina, in his Na-
tural Hiftory of Chii*. He alfo fays, the irides are of a red brown,
and that the female is rather fmaller than the male. Thefe birds
make their nefts among the moft inacceffible rocks, and lay two
white eggs bigger than thofe cf a turkey; they feed on dead car-
cafes; and as there are no wolves in Céili, thefe birds ‘fupply the
place of them, and at times prey on fheep and goats, and even young
calves, when they {tray far from their dams; and thefe laft they fall
upon in flocks, firft plucking out their eyes, and foon afterwards
tearing them in pieces. ‘The country people ufe every means to de-
ftroy this bird, fometimes by a perfon covering himfelf with the hide
of a newly fkinned animal, and fo managing, that when the Condur
attempts to attack the hide, other perfons lying in readinefs coine to
the affiftance of the firft, and failing on the bird all at once, overcome
the cnemy; at other times, a dead carcafe is put within a place en-
clofed with rails, and when the Condur has fatiated himfelf with the
flefh, and unable to rife ireely, perfons are in readineis to fubdue him

* Fr. ed. p. 247.
by

Wa Oy Le eh, aR

by blows and every other means poffible. The bird, however in-
aétive on fuch occafions, is at other times of very quick flight, info-
much as not unfrequently to foar to fuch an height as to be out of
the reach @f human vifion. It is called by the inhabitants of Chili
by the name of Manque ; the biggeft hitherto obferved, meafured full
fourteen feet from the tip of one wing to that of the other when ex-
tended,

Californian Vulture, Nat. Mic. v. 9. pl. 301.

| ey fize, this bird nearly equals the Condur. The general colour

of the plumage is black ; but the fecond quills have whitifh tips,
and the wing coverts incline to brown: the wings when folded,
reach beyond the tail: the head and neck are entirely bare of
feathers, quite fmooth, and of a dufky reddifh colour: acrofs the front
is a bar of dufky, and two others of the fame on the hind head: the
bill is of a pale colour: the lower part of the neck is furrounded
with a ruff, compofed of flender black feathers, of the ftructure
ufually feen in many of the genus: the under part of the body is
covered with loofe downy feathers; the tail is even at the end: the
legs black.

This bird was brought from California, by Mr. Mexzies, and is
now in the Britifh Mufeum: it feems to have fome affinity to the
Condur.

Vultur cinereus, Izd. Orn. i. p. 1. N° 2.—Hi?. Prov. i. p. 337.
Vautour commun, Daud. Orn. ii. p. 16. x1.—Id. p. 18. 15.

Der Arrian Geyer, Allg. Uch. d. Vog. I. i. p. 654. 24?
Cinereous or afh-coloured Vulture, Ge. Syz.i. p. 14.

T has been obferved to frequent the mountainous parts of Ger-
many, defcending into the plain in winter. ‘The huntfman expects

to be paid well for fhooting thefe, as they attack fheep, hares, goats,
and even deer, being very troublefome to the farmer, in picking out
B 2 the

Ze
CALIFORNIAN
V

DESCRIPTION.

PLace.

3. ia
CINEREOUS
Vv.

40
ALFINE
Vv.

Ge
ASH-
-COLOURED
Vie

DeEscrirTion.

GT ET. TIE TRIKE .

the eyes of lambs, &c.: it is more tame than other birds of prey, and
in courle more eafily defroyed *.
— Vultur Perenopterus, Jd. Orz. i. p, 2.

Percnoptere, Lewaill, Vey (8v0.) i, p- 48.—Daudin, Orn ii. ip 13. Vii.

Alpine Valture, Gex. Syn. i. p, 12,—Id, Sup. P» 3.
© AID to be two feet in length; and fome much larger: and that

it is common in the Pyrenzan mountains ; alfo in Eg vpt according

to Senninit. Mr. Levaillant obferves, that they refort to Pabie Bay, at
the Cape of Good Hope; and not unfrequently a furious fouth-eaft
wind cbliges them to quit the mounteins, and fometimes beats them
down ioto the ftreets at the Cape, where they are knocked on the
head with flicks. M. de la Peironfe+ obferves, that the male and fe-
male are different in cclour; the firft wholly white, the other brown,
but only fo in the adult ftate; for when young and incomplete in
plursage, they are often of a pale colour; above {potted yellow and
brown, with the under parts yellow, and differing fo materially from
the old ones in external appearance, as to deceive the lefs experienced
naturalift. :

V. Leucocephalus, Ind. Orn. i. p. 2. N° 4.

V. Angolenfis, 7d. i. p. 7. 17 ?—Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 27. tli.—-Lev, Muf. N° iv.
Rachamah, Bruce’s Trav. v.5.t. in p. 163.

L’ourigourap, Lewaill. Oif, p. 62. pl. 14.—-Daudin, Orn. ii. p. 21. Xviil.
Ath-coloured Vulture, Gew. Syz.i. p. 13.

Angola Vulture, Gen. Syn. icp. 18.14.

HIS has been before deferibed under’ feveral of the refpective
heads above quoted ; but I think it not amifs to add here, Mr.
Levaillant’s account of it, who fays, that it is about the fize of a fe-
male Turkey ; the whole front of the head much beyond the eyes, and

* Bechfl. Mufi. p. 55~

+ Neu. Abb. der Schw. Ac. der Wifs, 8. 99. ;
taking

‘

Ven UP Ueber iene, Be

taking in the threat, is bare, and of a faffron colour: the bill long
and flender, of a rather deeper colour, but blackifh towards the point:
the reft of the neck, an the fides, and behind, 1s covered with long
flender feathers, but before, as -far as the crop, it is fcarcely more
than downy; and the crop itleif bare, and orange brown: the ges
neral colour of the plumage and tail, 1s dirty safes white, rather
pale; the gus are moftly black, but the fecondaries are outwardly

the colour of the reft pf the plumage : tail rather rounded in inept: :
legs yellowifh brown.

The femele exceeds the male in fize, and differs diene in being
lefg tinged with redilith ; and the young birds have the whole of the
naked parts about the head covered with a greyifh down.

This fpecies is generally feen in pairs, but does not unite in large
flocks, like many of the vultures; indeed ten or twelve are often
feen together about one carcafe, but they have been broueht there
by common attraction, allured thereto by the fmell, which though
unperceivable to human fenfation, attraéts their infinitely more deli-
cate organs at inconceivable diftances. Said to build among the
rocks, laying four eggs: are moft frequent among the fterile lands
of Kerow and Camdeboo; alfo in the Country of Hottniqua, though
more rare; the fame in refpect to the neighbourhood of the Cape: 1s
capable-of being made tame; and there are few of the hordes in which
one does not fee a pair; and the natives feemed pleafed with their
company, as they ferved to free them from every ftinking thing which
might otherwife annoy them. This natural tamenefs occafions their
being eafy to fhoot at, though, unlefs with a large ball, they are not
eafily killed. Their food feems general, all manner of carrion. Liz-

rds, fhakes, frogs, and even the excrements of beafts do not efcape

them.
‘This feems to be the 7 de Norvege of Buffor*, and in courfe his

* Hifi. Of—Pl, Enl. 449.
Petit

6 Wee Alea teny Teer (se Rag Be

Petit Vautour +, as alfo the Sacre d’Egypte of the fame author}, to
which I may add, the probability of its proving the dugola Vulture of
Pennant, and the Rachamab of Bruce, which is common near Cairo,
and if it fhould not prove likewife a variety of the V. de Malrhe§, it at
leaft correfponds with it in the fhape of the bill,in which part the whole
of the laft-mentioned differ from other vultures. When, however,
the decifion of the Vulture genus into real fpecies may take place, is
not for us to determine; the variety among individuals, from different
periods of life, as well as the different appearances of thofe in a ftate
of confinement, to what the plumage has when at large, cannot fail
to create no {mall difficulty; added to that, very few travellers are na-
turalifts in a fufficient degree to difcriminate one part of nature from
another; befides, the fubjects in queftion being moftly extra-Euro-
pean, we cannot wonder at being fo long in the dark: let us how-
ever attempt all we can, with the hopes of {ome future day being able
to arrive at greater precifion; nor let any writer be afhamed of cor-
recting his miftakes the moment he may be poffeffed of better infor-
mation.

Bruce obferved thefe birds near Cairo in abundance, where it is a
great breach of the police to kill one of them. Acording to Dr. Shaw
it is a very tame fpecies; and the Bafhaw is faid daily to diftribute two
bullocks among them, being efteemed facred birds.

6 Valtur Barbatus, Jud. Orn. i. p. 9. N° 5.
BEARDED ~ Blayiaig, ———— + (58
V. Gypzete des Alpes, Daudin. Orn. ii, p. 25. pl. x.

Niffer Werk, Bruce Trav. App. tab. p. 155.—Rebert Fc. pl. 2?
Bearded Vulture, Laemmergeyer, Gen. Syn. i. p. 11.—-Cox’s Travels in Sewitzer-
land (8vo. vol. ii. p. 280.) a figure of the head.
DescriPTIoN. TT HE bird quoted above, as defcribed by Mr. Bruce, extends from
wing to wing eight feet four inches, weighs twenty-two pounds,
and is in length four feet feven inches. The crown and front are

+ Y.i, p. 164. t 167. § Pl. Enl, 427.
bare

Mie Gg Ar UU eRe Be

bare and bald; a ftrong forked buhh of hair, divided into two at the
point, arifes from the lower jaw on each fide: the thicknefs of the
thigh lictle lefs than four inches: the legs remarkably fhort, only four
inches in length; and the thigh joint only fix inches. The colour
of the feathers of the back brown; of the belly gold colour.

From Mr. Brace’s defcription, although too concile by far, I am led
to conclude that it is no other than our Bearded Vulture, or at lealt a.
flight variety, which this author met with on the higheft part of the

mountains Lamalmon, not far diftant from Gonder, the capital of

Abyfinia. It was a bold fpecies, as it went fo far as to take away
parc of the provifion which Mr. race and his company were re-
galing themfelves with oa that fpot. On moving the body of one of
thefe after being fhot, a duit correfponding with the colour of the:
feathers both above and below, flew out in pretty large quantity s,
but this is not peculiar to this fpecies: we have obierved it in the
King Vulture and fome others, as alfo in the White Cockatoo.

- Vultur Papa, Ind. Ora. 1. p. 4.—Spalow/k. Vog.i. t. 2.—Daudin. Ora. ii, p. 6.
pl. ix.
V. Sacra, or white-tailed Vulture, Bariram’s Trav. p. 285.—Damp. Voy. ii. patt ii
p- 67.
King Vulture, Gen. Syx.i. p. 7. N° 3.

TJEITHER this nor the Carrion Vulture are fhy, for on one of
the firft being fhot and winged, in feven or eight days it fed.
freely, and became tame. I experienced this myfelf, in refpect to the
laft ; I have had one which was brought from Jamaica, running about:
my garden, perfectly tame, where it lived throughout the whole:
fummer, and was killed by a cold frofty night, which came on unex--
pectedly,

B. Le

oh
KING
V..

Var. A,

8.
ARABIAN
V.

DrscriPrion.

yo ee Re

Le Roi des Vautours varié, Levaill. Oif 1. pl. 13.

HIS feems a variety from age, having many black feathers

mixed among the white ones on the neck and upper parts:
hence Mr. Levaillant fuppofes, that thefe birds are black or dufky
whilft young, and change to the pure white or cream-colour, as they
approach the adult ftate; and indeed Dampier mentions, that fome
are all over white, but the feathers look as if they were fullied, with
bald heads and necks like the reft, and adds, we never fee above one
or two of thefe together; and feldom a great number of black ones
without a white one among them*.

Vultur Monachus, Ind. Orn. i. p. 5. N° 9

Le Chincou, Lewaill. Oi/: p. 53. N° 12. Ea lon lip. 12. Vi.
Der Binfiedlergeyer, Allg. Ueb. d. Vog. i. 5.655. 25.

Vautour Moine, Daudin. Orn. il. p. 15. ix

Arabian Vulture, Gez. Syx.i. p. 8.

HIS bird is nearly of the fize of the Sociable Vulture. "The bill
is ftout; the bafe half pale, the reft dufky black : the whole face
beyond the eyes, chin, and hind head, covered with a black down : on
the crown behind, is an elevated tuft of a grey brown colour, in
fhape like a fwan-down puff; below this, the neck is naked and
white, giving the appearance of a white rine; the reft of the neck

‘is cloathed with feathers, the upper ones of which are long and

narrow, forming a kind of ruff; but the whole of the neck is bare on
the fore part, as alfo the crop, which at times is large and round:
irides whitifh: the plumage of the body for the moft part is plain
brown; but the quills and tail are nearly black: legs whitifh; claws
black: fuppofed to meafure from the tip of one wing to the other,

= J fufpect that the Vultur Sacra, or White-tailed Vulture of Bartram, i is the above
fpecies, and his Black Vulture the Carrion Vulture.
; nine

Ve) bod a,

nine feet. Ina_ftate of reft, efpecially after a full meal, it draws its
head into the ruff, with the bill refting on the crop, in which ftate it
appears a fhapelefs mafs of feathers. It was alfo obferved, that this
_bird never folded its wings on the tail, but always fuffered them to
hang down carelefsly on each fide. Mr. Levaillant fays, that this bird
comes from China; however, we have little doubt of its proving no

other than the Vultur Monachus of Linneus, our Arabian Vulture*, ex-)

ceedingly well expreffed in Edw. pl. 290; alfo fufficiently characte-
rized in Gerini, under the name of Vultur Leporarius +.

M. de la Peiroufet obferves, that it is found in the fame places
with his Arrzan, which I take to be the Civereous Vulture; but is
more fcarce: the colours of the plumage are not far different, being
brown for the moft part, but the neck lefs naked: and it differs like-
wife in the head being elevated on the top: the cere and feet incline

-to red.

~ Voultur ferpentarius, Ind. Orz. i. p. 8. N° 21.
Le Mangeur de Serpens, Lewaill. Oi/. i. p. 103. pl. 25.
Meffager reptilivore, Dazdin. Orn. ii. p. 30.1.
Secretair, Buf. Of vil. p. 328. t. 17.
Ibis, Gent. Mag. xxxix. t. p. 568.
Snake-eater, Phil. Tranf. v. Ixi. p. 55. t. 2.
Secretary Vulture, Gez. Syn. i. p. 20. pl. 2.—=Id. Sup. p. 4

EVAILLANT obferves, that the creft feathers are ten in number,
the loweft the longeft ; the fhorteft four inches only, and that this
bird not only preys on fnakes, &c. but all oviparous quadrupeds : its
claws, on account of its being oftener on the ground than other birds of
prey, become lefs fharp than is commonly feen, and will not ferve to

* Syn. i. p. 8. N° 4. + Vol. i. pl. ix.

TN. Schw. Abh. B. 3. S. 100.—Another is alfo mentioned, called Der Mifgeyer,
which is whitifh: head with the knob and cere faffron-colour: legs blueifh and naked,
known by the name of A/mock.

Supp. II. Cc grafp

PLACK

Q:
SECRETARY
V.

Descrirrion.

5 fe)

10.
BOLD
Y.

DESCRIPTION.

V aC a | Ty Rs

erafp its victim; on which account it makes ufe of its wings, with
which it beats whatever it attacks with great violence ; this it has
the power to do, by means of a bony protuberance at the bend of the
wing, enabling the bird to ftrike moft deftructive blows with that
part; and it is with their wings that they defend themfelves againft
venomous fnakes, by fometimes oppofing one wing and fometimes
the other, whereby they evade the bites of thofe which might other-
wife prove mortal, till the enemy being tired with its efforts, or -
bruifed nearly to death with blows, becomes an eafy prey. Young
turtles and lizards alfo bear part in the food of the Secretary Vulture ;
and even grafshoppers and other infects are at times not rejected by
it. Thefe birds are not unfrequently kept tame, and in this ftate no
food comes amifs to them: if young birds are offered, they take
them by the bill foremoft, and {wallow them whole. One of thofe
which M. Levaillant killed, had twenty-one young turtles, eleyen
{mall lizards, and three {nakes in his ftomach: like other birds of
prey, it is obferved to bring up the undigefted parts of its food, in
the fhape of round pellets. In pairing time, two males will often be
found fighting for a female in a violent manner. Thefe birds make
a flat kind of neft, like that of an eagle, full three feet in diameter,
lined with wool and feathers, in fome high tuft of trees, and often
conceal it fo effectually as not eafily to be found. The female
differs in that fhe inclines more to grey, with a fhorter creft, and the
two middle ‘tail feathers fhorter than thofe of the male.

HE fize of this bird is uncertain: the bill is pale yellow, with
the tip black: the plumage wholly of a deep brown; but the
fides of the head are bare as far as the eyes, and fomewhat beneath
them, and the colour of thefe parts very pale: the quills and tail are
of a darker colour than the reft of the body, being nearly black:
the fhins are covered with feathers quite to the toes; Ach colour

dotted with black.
This

Ve WT WU aR EY

This is a native of New Holland; but although the fize of it is
uncertain, we may fuppofe it not to be one of the {malleft, and cer-
tainly is a fierce {pecies, as it is faid to kill the Pottegorang, and even
to attack the natives themfelves; who know it by the name of
Boora-morang.

L’Oricou, Levaill. Oi/. i. p. 36. pl. 9.—Daudin. Orn. i. p. 10. iii.

HIS is a very large fpecies of vulture, and meafures ten feet

from wing to wing extended: the bill is moderately hooked,
and of a pale brown; cere horn colour: irides chefnut brown: head
and neck naked, of a flefh colour, befet with a few ftrageling
brownifh hairs; throat blackifh: the general colour of the plumage
is dark brown on the upper parts, the feathers with paler edges ; at
the back of the neck a ruff of pale brown; fome long loofe feathers
of the fame colour mixed with white, hang over the breaft, and
continue to the vent; into thefe the bird frequently draws down his
head in a ftate of indolence or reft: the thighs are covered below
the knees with foft whitish down, as are all the under parts of the
body: the tail is fomewhat cuneiform: legs covered with brown
fcales; claws very moderately hooked; and black.

It frequents the mountainous parts of the interior of the Cape of
Good Hope; never feen near the Cape itfelf, but particularly in the
Namaqua Land, as well as another fpecies, and chiefly among the
European plantations.

Builds among the rocks; lays two, feldom three, white eggs; pair
in O€tober, and hatch in January ; never builds in a tree, nor indeed
does any other true Vulture. The pairs feem to be in amity one with
another, as three or four nefts have been found by the fide of each
other, in an hollow of a rock: the eges are not ill favoured when
eaten. The Natives moftly call this bird Ghaip, The Dutch

C2 colonifts

It

PLace.

11.
SOCIABLE
V.
DESCRIPTION.

Prace.

12

Iz.
KCLBEN’s
V.

DESCRIPTION.

Place.

Me 0 py.

colonifts call it black Carrion Bird; to diftinguifh it ‘from the
next fpecies, which is of a pale colour, and which they call Stront-
jager, by which name, as allo Stront-vogel, or Aas-vogel, the colonifts
call all kinds of Vultures; faid only to be found about the confines
of European plantations.

Le Chaffe-fiente, Levaill. Oj/: i. p. 44. pl. 10. Dandin Ori, ip. 15. X.

HIS is not quite fo big as the laft, but is greatly more common:
the bill is pale lead colour; irides deep brown: the head and
neck bare of feathers, or covered with a few fcattered hairs, and of
a pale dirty yellow: round the lower part of the neck is a pale
coloured ruff of loofe feathers, common to many of the genus: the
plumage for the moft part is a pale tawny yellowifh or [fabella
colour: the quills and tail black ; and the quills reach almoft to the
end of the tail: the male is fmaller than the female. If we compare
this with the A/pine Vulture, the colour is greatly different, and the
wings are fhorter in proportion in this laft bird, nor has it the heart-
fhaped fpot on the breaft, feen in the pine Vulture; befides, a bare
infpection of the two figures will detect the difference.

This fpecies is found in every part of Africa through which Mr.
Levaillant traverfed, on the contrary, the Sociable Vulture is only met
with in the confines of the European plantations. Both of them,
however, pafs under the name of Stront jager. This fpeci-s frequents
the rocks or the high mountains, which cover the point of <frica,
from the Cape Town to Falfe Bay, from thence it fpreads itlelf all
around wherever food is to be found, feafting on every kind of offal,
and approaching near to habitations, and even the {treets of the Cape,
in queft of it, as well as crabs and other fhell-fifh; and not unfre-
quently on land turtles, which it fwallows whole, alfo locufts, &c.

Le

Vi as ar” AR eS.

Le Chaugoun, Zevazll. Oi/. p. 50. pl. 11. Daudin. Orn. i. p. 14. viii.
Bengal Vulture, Gen. Syz. 1. p. tg. pl. 1. Ld. Su). p. 3. 16.

HIS is a fmall fpecies, fearcely fo large as our King Vulture:
Bill dufky horn colour, but yellowifh at the bend: the head

and neck can fearcely be called bare, but they are on'y covered
wich fcattered hairs, and are of a blueith flefh colour: the crop is
prominent, and-covered with fine filky black feathers: the plumage
in general dufky brown, but the feathers of the under parts have
a white line, as well as thofe on the thighs: a large white fpot appears
on each fide the breaft, but unlefs the wings are lifted up, cannot be
feen: the head and hind part of the neck are covered with gloffy,
dufky-white feathers, but the lower part blending with a ruff of a
foft downy ftruéture: the greater quills and tail are black, but the
fecondaries are bordered with rufous brown: wings and tail nearly of
equal length when clofed: the legs are pale brown, or flefh colour ;
and the middle toe nearly double the length of the others.

This inhabits Bengal, where it goes by the name of Chaugoun.

This feems clearly to be a variety of my Bengal Vulture, if not
the fame-bird.

GENUS

13

1}.
CHAUGOUN
Vv.

DESCRIPTION,

PLacs,

14

=
Lael

ot |
Oo On AM BPH NY

mw bp
yb es

t3

bp p b
An

= ~
(oyte) Com An Ft Pw

Fy ALL) CRO aN.

Gewus Il.

. Vulturine Eagle.
. Martial EF.

. Occipital E.

. Cinereous E.

Tharu F.

. Tiger Falcon. -
. Courland F.

. Glaucous F.

. Deftructive E.
. Noify E.

. Short-tailed F.
. Bacha F.

. Maritime F.

- Booted F.

. Sclavonian F.
. Margined F.

. Tachard F.

. Crefled Indian F.
. Chicquera F.
. Iceland F.

Var. A.

. Notched F.

. Swallow-tailed F.
. Black-winged F.
peices

. Parafite P.

. Hobby Buzzard.

FALCON.

N° 27.
28.
29.
30.
Bike

. Honey Buzzard.

. Raniverous F.

. Rufty F.

. Teftaceous F.

. Javan F.

. Gofhawk.

49.
50.

Buzzaret.
Pondicherry E.
Pifcivorous E.
Blagre E.
American Buzzard.

Wels 183.

. Crefted Gofhawk.

. Mauduit’s F.

. Guiana Gofhawk.

. Rufous-bellied F.

. Northern F.

. Black and White Indian F.
. Chanting F.

. Long-legged Henharrier.
. Axillary F.

- Bohemian F.

. Kettril.

Var. C.

Var. D.

Rufous-backed K.

Orange-legged Hobby.
51. Greater

BRA Ly CaO) IN:

N° sr. Greater Hobby. N° Sg. Sonnini’s F.
52. Red-legged H. 60. Black-eyed F.
53. Dwarf F. 61. Radiated F.
54. Black-thighed F. 62. Winking F.
Reepijackalphe 63. Rufty and Grey F.
56. Defert F. 64. Pacific F.
57. New HollandSparrowhawk. 65. Lunated F.
58. Speckled Sp. 66.-Fair F.

Le Caffre, Lewvaill. Oi/ 1. p. 28. pl. 6.
Aigle Vautourin, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 53. xxi.—Lewvaill. Voy. (Fr. ed. 8v0.) i.

2 255
Niffer ae Black Eagle, Bruce’s Trav. App. t. p. 159?
IZE of the Golden Eagle, but has the bill very ftrong; the claws
are moderate, and not greatly curved, in this approaching to the

Vulture genus: the general colour is deep black ; but the head is
cloathed with feathers: the wings when clofed, reach eight inches
beyond the end of the tail; the end of which is ufually damaged from
rubbing on the rocks on which it perches: the fhape of the tail is
rounded, the outer feathers being much fhorter than the others: the
legs are covered three-fourths ef the length with feathers, and are of
a dirty yellow: the bill pale yellow, with a dufky blueifh bafe:
irides chefnut brown.

This fpecies inhabits Cafrariaz, but is rare, and feeds principally on
dead carcafes, which caufes it to {mell horridly offenfive: from the
length of wing, it rifes from the ground with difficulty : faid to build
among the rocks; will attack fheep, and devour them on the {pot,
except it has occafion to bring any part to its young, in which cafe
it carries it in the claws; in this differing from the true Vulture,
which difgorges the nutriment it fupplies to the young from the
throat, The natives of the Cape of Good Hope cali it Stront Vogel,
(dung-bird), or as Vogel (carrion bird).

I greatly

15

Ys
VULTURINE
E.

DESCRIPTION.

PLace.

16

2.
MARTIAL
E.

D5SCRIPTION.

PLACE.

EgAl Li © VOsEN.

I greatly fufpect this bird to be the fame with the Black Eagle of
Mr. Bruce, alluded to above, the chief difference of which, is the
latter having the feathers of the head elongated into a creft of a con-
fiderable length, which it carries erect. Mr. Bruce’s bird is alfo bare
from the bill quite to the eyes, and yellow, in this greatly approach-
ing to the Vulture genus, and may fairly be faid to form a link be-
tween the two. It was met with in the year 1770 at Dinglevor,
among a cloud of Vultures and other birds of prey, which follow the
army in Abyfinia, and was ftruck down by fome of thefe, by which
means it came under Mr. Bruce’s infpection.

Le Griffard, Levaill. O:/. 1. pl. 1.
Aigle Griffard, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 38. il.

HIS is the fize of an Eagle, and weighs from twenty-five to -

thirty pounds: the male meafures from the tip to tip of the
wings extended, feven fcet and an half, and the female one foot more.
The bill is moderately curved, and of a pale colour: irides bright
hazel: the general colour of the plumage is brown; the edges of the
feathers paler, with the fame mixture of white about the nape of the
neck; the under parts nearly white: quills black, reaching three-
fourths of the way on the tail at leaft ; fome of the leffer ones are barred
with black and whitifh: tail even at the end, marked as the fecond
quills : legs feathered to the claws, which are pale as the bill.

This is an inhabitant of -dfrica, frequenting the Great Namaqua,
about the twenty-eighth degree of latitude, chiefly the parts uninha-
bited by whites: is a courageous bird, preying on antelopes, hares,
&c. is in its turn attacked by crows and vultures, in order to deprive
it of its prey, though feldom with fuccefs: moftly feen in company
with its mate, and builds a large flat neft, of large fticks and twigs, on
the tops of high trees, of fo compact a ftruClure, as to enable any
one to ftand upon it firm, without breaking through, fuch an one

5 ferving

BOA. a (O'VOUN. 7

ferving for feveral years; it is lined with dried leaves, mofs, and
other foft materials: it alfo has been obferved to make the neft on an
appropriate rock, but when any tree of a proper fize, ftands finely in its
neighbourhood, it is always preferred: the female lays two white
eggs. This bird may be heard very far off, making a very fharp cry,
mixed at times with rough and mournful tones. It is an high flier,
mounting fometimes to fuch an height as {carcely to be feen.

Le Huppard, Lewaill. Oif. 1. pl. z. Ef
Aigle Huppard, Daudin. Ora. ii. p. 40. iii. ie a

HIS is lefs in fize than the laft: the bill is pale blue: the Descrrerion.
general colour of the plumage dufky reddifh brown, the under
parts paler: the middle of the outer webs of the greater quills is
white, forming a patch on the wing: the bafe of the tail mixed
brown and white, but the end is plain dark brown, and rounded in
fhape: quills black, reaching to near the end of the tail: on the
hind head is a creft of feathers fix or feven inches in length, hanging
down behind in a graccful manner. The legs are covered with pale
yellow fhort down, quite to the toes, which are yellow.
This is found in Cafraria and Hottnigua Land; is content with Pace.
fmaller game than the laft, fuch as hares and partridges ; flies with
rapidity, the male and female moftly together; makes the neft on
trees, lining it with wool and feathers, and lays two eggs, fpotted
with red brown: it is fierce towards its prey, but is fometimes attacked
by troops of crows, which not only drive it from the neft, but even
deftroy the egos, or the young it contains: it has a plaintive Cry,
which it utters at intervals. ‘Che female differs from the male in
being bigger, in having a fimaller creft, more white on the thighs,
and fome {pots of white about the eyes, and top of the head.

Surp. II. D Falco

18

4e
CINEREOUS
E.

DESCRIPTION,

PLACE.

Lees:
THARU
F,

DESCRIPTION.

Place.

FA, b&b CO ON.

Falco Albicilla, Ind. Orz. i. p..g. 2. Var.?
Cinereous Eagle, Lath. Syn. i. p. 33. 8.—Id. Sup. p. 21?

HiS is of a large fize: the bill is large and black: legs the fame:
the general colour of the plumage deep brown, but the under
parts are much paler, and the wings much darker than the reft: the
rump and tail are very pale afh-colour, nearly white.
This inhabits New Holland, and from its make and fhape feems
nearly allied to the Cincreous Eagle.

Falco Tharus, Ind. Oru. 1. p. 16. N° 24.—Molin, H. Nat. Chil. p. 234.—Id.
(Fr. ed.) p. 244.—Daudin. Orn. i. ps 43. Ve

HIS is the fize of a large fowl: the bill whitith, in form like

that of the common eagle: the plumage of the male is whitifh,
marked with black fpots: on the head is a fort of crown compofed
of long black feathers, of which thofe fituated outwardly are longeft :
the quills and tail are black: legs yellow and fcaly, and the claws
hooked.

The female is {maller than the male, of a grey colour, with only a
fmall creft on her head. This fpecies inhabits Chili; makes a neft in
the higheft trees, compofing it of fticks twined together, on which
it heaps up a confiderable bed of wool, feathers, &c. The eggs are
five in number, white, fpotted with brown. It feeds on living as
well as dead animals, although it is not feen to purfue after its living
prey, but feizing them by lurking and catching them unawares.
The male advances with a ftiff neck and an air of gravity, and when
it cries, which it often does very forcibly, it draws its head back
towards the rump, with the bill upright. The name at Cifi is
Tharu,

F. tigrinus,

Biv A) Te Cl GaN,

F. tigrinus, Beek. Vog. Karl. S. 10. 11. —=1 Taf. 2.
Der getiegerte Falke, Alle. Ueb. d. Vog.i. S. 676.

TH! S is the fize of the Golden Eagle, if not bigger: the cere is

blue: irides and legs yellow: head, neck, and breaft pale brown,

but the upper part of both are black; the crown appearing in fine

ftreaks: the reft of the upper parts are dull brown: quills black: greater

wing coverts black brown, paler: tail dull brown, croffed with three

“narrow diftinét bands: beneath, from the breaft, white, marked with

Jome light brown {pots on the thighs, and under part of the wings, in

; Manner ofa tiger. This wasa male. It feems like one figured by

* Frifch, t. 76.

Inhabits Cour/and, whereabouts it breeds; and is a fpecies equally .

fierce, agile, and beautiful ; it approaches farm houfes, and is a dread-
ful enemy to the grous tribe, and hares, on which it feeds.

Der Rothlichweiffe Falke, Allg. Usb. d. Vog. 1. Zufa/s. 8.676. 120.—Befek. Vog.
Kurl. §. 10. 12. a. und 13. b.

‘THis is fomewhat fmaller than the laft: cere, irides, and legs

yellow: general colour of the plumage reddifh fmutty white:
but the back, wings and tail, are dull brown; and the ends of the
wings paler: the head, neck and breaft, are marked with longifh
dull brown fpots: the feathers which hang over the thighs rufty
brown, for the ends of each feather having an oval fpot of that colour,
and being confufedly mixed together, give that appearance: the tail
croffed with four paler bands: this is the female: the male agrees
nearly in colouring, but is one-fourth fmaller in fize.

Inhabits Courland,

D 2 i Falco

ty

6.
TIGER
F,

DsscriPrion,

Plage.

yee
COURLAND
Eis

DescriPTion.

PLace,

20

8.
GLAUCOUS
E;

DESCRIPTION.

PLacks

9:
DESTRUCTIVE
E.

Dascrirrion.

‘PLACE.

BrgANe TiC) Oo ING

Falco Glaucopis, Ind. Orn. i. p. 26. N° 25.—Merrem. Ic. Av. ii. p. 25. t. 7°
Aigle de Gottingue, Daud. Orz. ii. p. 5¢. xxix.

"T HE length of this fpecies is twenty-one inches and a quarter:

the bill is glaucous: infide of the mouth and tongue rofe colour:
irides yellowifh; cere the fame: the general colour of the plumage
is brown, but the head and nape are of a yellowifh white, ftreaked
with brown, and the forehead marked with crefcents of brown; and
the breaft wholly of that colour: the thighs are fhort, covered with
downy feathers, and the fhins half cloathed with yellowifh feathers :

the quills are black: the tail reddifh brown above, dirty white

beneath, croffed with fix black bands.
Inhabits the mountain Dran/berg, near Gottingen, in Germany.

Aigle Deftruteur, Dah Orn. ii, p. 60. XXxil.
Grand Aigle de la Guiane, Mauduit Encyc. Meth.
HIS isa large fpecies, being in length three feet two inches: the
bill is pretty much curved, but chiefly fo at the end, and of a
horn colour: the top and fides of the head are dufky grey; the
feathers of the hind head are grey, very long, and of different lengths,
forming a creft; the tip of the longeft grey: neck grey: the body
is black, banded above with greyifh: the fhoulders grey and black
mixed: breaft and belly greyifh white: quills black, reaching two
thirds on the tail, which is alfo black mixed with grey on the upper
part, but nearly white on the under, with a dufky bar at the tip:
the fhins are covered with white feathers tranfverfely banded with
black: toes naked yellow.
The male is fmaller, and of more lively colours.
Inhabits Guiana, and is a powerful fpecies, faid to prey on the floth,
and other quadrupeds, as well as pheafants,

Le

B, Ay) Ln Cy Goi

Le Blanchard, Lewaill, O2/. i. pl. iii.
Aigle Blanchard, Daud. Orn. ii. p. 45. xi.

HIS is about one-third as big as the Martial Eagle, being fmaller

in fize than moft eagles, and more elongated: the plumage
is white, foft, and fpotted with black brown: the tail barred with
black ; but the female is more mixed with brownifh yellow, efpe-
cially on the wing coverts: the male has the feathers on the hind
head elongated into a creft, in which the female is not deficient,
though confiderably fmaller; but in bulk, fhe exceeds the male by
one-third: the irides and legs are yellow: the bill is pale; the claws
black: the tail is rather long, and the wings reach about one half
way thereon.

It flies well, and its chief prey is wood pigeon, from which it
firft tears the feathers ; »it frequents forefts, and prefers the largefl trees:
it likewife feeds on a fmall {pecies of antelope, called by the Hottentots
Nometjes. Its cry confifts of feveral fiarp founds, quickly repeated,
fomewhat fimilar.to Cri-qui-qui-qui-qui, and when perched ona tree,
will fpend whole hours in repeating this, though in a tone of voice
feemingly weak in proportion to the fize of the bird: it builds on
high trees: the female lays two white eggs, about as big as thofe of
a turkey, but more round: the male and female fit by turns. It
has only been found in the country of the Hottniquas.

Le Bateleur, Lewaill, Oi/-1. p. 31. pl. 7 and 8.
Aigle ecaudé, Daud. Orn. ii. p. 54. xxii.

HIS is the middle fize between the Sea Eagle and O/prey: the
head, .neck, and all beneath, are of a deep black: back and tail
deep rufous: fcapulars dufky, varying with the light to blue grey ;

leffer wing coverts pale Ifabella colour: quills black within, edged -

outwardly

Qi

10.
NOISY
E.

DescrRirrTion.

Manners

PLAce.

II.
SHORT-
TAILED
F

DEsCRIPTIONe

MANNERS.

PLace.

12.
BACHA
F

DESCRIPTION.

Rr Ce Grn,

outwardly with filvery grey: the bill and legs are dufky; bafe of
the bill yellowifh, cere large: the tail in this bird is characteriftically
fhort, and half hidden by its coverts ; irides deep brown: while young,
the general colour is brown, paleft on the head and neck, with the
edges of all the feathers light coloured : the female is one-fourth bigger
than the male. It builds in trees, lays three or four white eggs:
The young are fo unlike the old one, that were it not for the fhort
tail, they might be miftaken for a different fpecies, and are more
like the female in every ftage: the male is not complete in its
plumage till the third year’s moult.

Thefe feed on all forts of carrion, yet will attack young antelopes,
alfo lurk about inhabited places, for the fake of attacking any fick
fheep. It is moft common about Queer Boom, near Lagoa Bay; very
common in all the country of Hottniquas and Natal, quite to Caffraria.
The male and female always feen in company; rarely in troops,
except many pairs are invited to the fame repaft. “The name given
this bird by Mr. Zevaillant, arofe from its flapping the wings in 4
fingular manner while in the air, fo as to be heard at a ereat diftance,
and this repeated from one to the other as if at play, or rather as if
to amufe the fpectators below, as buffoons do on a ftage. , It is known
to the inhabitants by the name of Berg-baan (mountain cock) but
perhaps not fufficiently diftinguifhable, as they call fo all birds of
prey, particularly eagles.

Le Bacha, Lewvaillant, Oif-i. p. 68. pl. 15.—Daudin. Orx. ii. p. 43. ix.

HIS in fize and refemblance is not unlike our common Buzzard,

~ but rather more elongated: the general colour dirty brown, the
wings and tail deepeft: the bill is lead colour; cere yellow : the crown
of the head black, and the feathers at the back part of it elongated
into a creft, of which the feathers are half black half white, the
ends

FAL C O N.
ends being black, and at times is fpread out horizontally like a tail:
at the bend of the wing, and beneath it on the fides, the feathers are
marked with roundifh white fpots: the tail is dufky, croffed in the
middle with a broad rufous white band; the very tip almoft white:
the legs are oker yellow; claws black. The female as ufual is larger
than the male.

It frequents only the barren and fultry parts of the country of the
Grand Nemaquas, and from thence to the tropic of Capricorn; it
preys chiefly on the Kiipdas, or Cape Cavy*, though it is obliged
at times to take up with lizards, &c. It is obferved to watch the

’ Cavy for three hours together, with the head between the fhoulders,
in an immoveable pofture, and the moment it obferves the animal
iffue from its retreat, fprings fuddenly upon it, and devours it with
great apparent ferocity. It however fometimes miffes of its prey,
in which cafe it utters a kind of lamentation, fomewhat fimilar to the
words houi-bi-bi, thrice repeated, and immediately afterwards changes
its place, in order to watch as before ; this feems abfolutely neceffary,
for the plaintive cry of this bird, added to its fruitlefs attempt to
feize on its prey, does not fail to alarm and frighten all the cavies
into their lurking places, not to appear again for fome hours.

It is a folitary bird, except in the breeding feafon, and then only
»feen in pairs; this is about the month of December, and after rearing
two or three young ones, they again return to a folitary life: the
neft is among the rocks, compofed of a bed of mofs and leaves, ill
put together: it is a very fhy and fierce fpecies.

Falco maritimus, Ind. Orn. i. p. 20. 35.—=Lichtenb. Mag. fur das neuofte auf der Phy/.
iv. 2. 6.

HE fhort account we can obtain of this bird, informs us, that
it is four feet two inches in breadth, and feventeen inches

* Hyrax Capenfis. Cavia Capenfis Lin,
in

23

Pace.

13,
MARITIME
FB.

DEscriPrion,

PLACE.

14.
BOOTED
F.

DeEScRIPTION.

15.
SCLAVONIAN
15

DESCRIPTION.

16,
MARGINED
FE

DESCRIPTION.

RAY ECHO HAN,

in length; that the bill is yellow, as well as the cere: the body
and end of the tail white: iegs of a reddifh and whitith colour

* mixed.

Inhabits the fea coaft of fava, feeding on carcafes and fifh.

F. pennatus, Jud. Orn. p. 19. 34+

La Bufe Gantée, Lewail/. Oif i. p. 79. pl. 18.—Daud. Orn. ii. p. 163. Cxxxv.

Booted Falcon, Gev. Syz. i. p. 75. Var.

HIS feems to vary very little from our Booted Falcon, met with in

the territory about the Cape of Good Hope, particularly inhabiting the
forefts of the Hoftniquas. his variety feems to have a lefs mixture:
of white in the plumage : it frequents the woody parts, diftant from
habitations, and lives finely; is a bold bird, more fo than fome others;
is quick in flight, and often feizes partridges. Mr. Levaillant likens
it to a fpecies he has feen in Lorraine, in France, which is very pro-
bable, as we alfo have the bird in fome of the counties of England.

F. Sclavonicus, Jvd. Orn. i. p. 26, 54.—Tt. Pcfegan, p. 29.
Bofard Efclavon, Daudin. Orn. i. p. 166. cxxxvili.
NHABITS Sclavonia, and is of the fize of a fowl: the bill is
blue black; cere and legs yellow: plumage teftaceous, marked
with black fpots: head and neck moft inclined to white: legs woolly,
quite as far as the toes, of a dull yellow colour, fpotted with dufly :
the rump and vent are whitifh, marked with fcattered {pots of brown
and dull yellow: the tail white from the bafe to the middle, towards
the end brown; in fome croffed with five dufky bands. I fufpect
that this may poflibly prove a variety of our Booted Falcon.

F. Marginatus, Ind. Orz. 1. p. 26 (55.—It. per Pofegan. p. 28.

HIS inhabits Sclavonia, and is of the fize of the laft: the cere
is blue; the legs yellow: the plumage mixed brown and ferru-

sinous above, and ferruginous with oval brown fpots beneath: tail
feathers

Be gar Gr iO} Ins

feathers marked on both fides of the fhaft with dufky and white bands:
guills brown, croffed with dull bands: the tip ferruginous Whiteruy

Le Tachard, Lewaill. Oxf. i. p. 82. pl. 19.

Bufe Tacharde, Daudiz. Orz. il. p. 104. cxxxvi.
FA FIIS is the leaft of the buzzard kind, as far as relates to bulk of

body, but has a longer tail in proportion: bill dufky; cere

brown: irides deep reddifh brown: the head is greyith brown, with
here and there fome irregular whitifi ftreaks: the under parts are
greyifh yellow, with a mixture of brown blotches: the upper parts
of the plumage are deep brown, with the edge of each feather paler :
the tail is deep brown, banded with black, beneath greyifh white,
with obfcure bands; the feathers of it equal in length: the feathers
of the thighs reach below the knees, but not at all to the toes, as in
the Booted Falcon: the legs are mottled brown; toes: dull ferru-
gineus.

This was fhot on the banks of the river of Lions, in the Giraffe
country, in Africa, among the Kaminiquas, who did not know the bird,
and as Mr. Levaillant never faw another, he fuppofes it to be a rare
fpecies.

F, cirrhatus, Izd. Orn. 1. p. 36. Var. A.
Le Faucon huppé, Levail. Os/. i. p. 121. 28,
Faucon huppé, Daudin. Orn. Ui. p. 118. XCi.

HIS, were it not for fize, feems to be coloured moft like the
Peregrine Falcon; but the male is no bigger than a common
pigeon, and the female one-fourth larger: the general colour of the
plumage is flate colour, or greyifh blue: the top of the head fur-
nifhed with long feathers, which are confiderably darker, inclining to
brown, alfo the hind part of the neck, and a long patch of the
Supp. Il, E _ fame

as

176
TACHARD
F,
DeEscrRiPTioON,

PLacE.

18.
CRESTED
INDIAN

F,

. DEscrirTion.

26

| Se ws Ca ie CA eae OM

fame over each jaw, as in the Peregrine: the under parts from the
chingyand reft of the fides of the neck, are dirty white, but the belly
and thighs are marked with tranfverfe black ftreaks: the quills are
dufky brown, and reach beyond the tail, which is croffed with feven
or eight ftreaks of the fame; the extreme points of the feathers
white: the bill is pale, with the tip dufky; the under mandible is
not only fingularly notched, but is as it were cut off {quare at the
end: the legs are yellow.

This fpecies inhabits the lakes and borders of the fea, and rivers,
which abound in fifh, on which it feeds, as well as crabs and fhell fith,.
which it eafily breaks to pieces in the bill: it is feen too to fly
after gulls, terns, and even the albatros’s, all of which give way to
him; and it is probable that the true reafon is to oblige thofe birds
to refign up the prey they have taken. This bird makes the neft
on the rocks, when it frequents the neighbourhood of the fea, other-
wife on the trees neat the rivers: lays four rufous white eggs. The
male and female fit in turns, and the young brood often remains
with the parents. till they have occafion to breed in their turn.

Mr. Levaillant fuppofes this to have fome relation to the Tanas of
the Senegal negroes, according to Adanfon; but it is much fmaller, be-
fides, the fingularity of the under mandible being cut off fquare, is not
noticed by him, and which could not furely have efcaped his obfer-
vation had he feen it, therefore probably is not precifely the fame; nor
can it be the Zavas of Buffon*, as it neither correfponds in colour
nor creft, only in manners, as being fond of fifth, whichis. not uncom-

amon to many other {pecies.

% Pl, Enl. 476,

POA Eh eo! NL

Le Chiequera, Lewail. Oif. i. p. 128. pl. 30.
Faucon Chicquera, Daudiz, Orn. ii, p. 121. xCill.
"THIS is probably a further variety of the laft, as it correfponds
as to the general diftribution of colour, though it has not the
leaft appearance of a creft: the bill, however, in fingularity, exactly
correfponds with it as to formation, and nearly fo in colour; the
~-upper mandible has a double notch, and the under truncated before :
the top of the head and hind part of the neck are rufous, and a
tinge of the fame appear about the bafe of the bill, and bend of the
wing ; but the upper parts of the body and wings in general are blue’
grey, mottled with darker fpots: the tail much the fame as to colour,
and. croffed near the end with a broad band of dufky black: the
tips of all the feathers very pale, nearly white: legs and irides yellow :
the under parts in general are white, but the breaft, belly, thighs,
and vent, are croffed with fmall dufky ftreaks: the quills when clofed
reach two-thirds on the tail, the end of which is rounded. .
This Mr. Levaillant fuppofes has not been figured before. He
bought it in a collection from Bengal, where it is faid to be called
Chicquera.

F. Gyrfalco, Ind. Ora. i. p. 32. 68.
Iceland Falcon, Gen. Syn. i. p. 71. 51. B. dee. 2.

BOUT Cojam, are caught the beft and largeft falcons in the
world, which are purchafed by the Turks and Perfians. The
Tartars alfo fly them at antelopes and hares *.

F, incertus, Ind. Orn. i. p. 32. 70——Mu/. Garlf.ii. tab. 26.
HIS. is probably a variety of the Gyrfalcon, and is found in
Sweden, where it is not very common: the bill is black: irides

* Sce Bell's Trav, i. p. 18,—Ara. Zool. 2. p. 16. & fog.
E 2 ycllow

27
10.
CHICQUERA
F.

Dascrisrione

Plata.

_ 20s
ICELAND

Varn. As

DESCRIPTION?

23

21.
NOTCHED
F,
DESCRIPTION,

22.
SWALLOW-
TAILED
196

DsscRIPTION.

23.
BLACK-
WINGED

F.

DascrivtTion

1 a Wale tl Bro Geb OMe IN

yellow : legs faffron colour ; the head, back, and wing coverts cinereous
brown, each feather ferruginous on the outer margin: the chin,
throat, and breaft ferruginous ; the fhafts of the feathers black : tail
cinereous, with a dufky tip; near the bafe three bands of brown.

F. bidentatus, Fzd. Orn.1. p. 38. go.
Notched Falcon, Gen. Sya. Sup. p. 34. 110.

N a fpecimen which lately paffed under my obfervation, the pale

bars of the tail are narrow; the tail rounded in fhape: under wing
coverts plain white: the wings reach more than two-thirds on the
tail: the firft quill feather fhorter by ‘an inch and a half than the
fecond, but the third is the longeft of all.

F. furcatus, Ind. Ora. i. p. 22. 41.

Milan de la Caroline, Daudin. Ora. il. p. 152. Cxxiil.

Forked-tailed Hawk.or Kite, Bartram. Trav. p. 286. .
Swallow-tailed Falcon, Gen. Sy. i. p. 60, 42.—Nat. Mife. vol. vi. pl. 204,

HIS fpecies comes into Georgia in fummer, feeds on fnakes, the
larvae’ of wafps, and other infects; is much on the wing, and tears

off the nefts of wafps, which are found hanging on the branches of
trees, as it flies; it ftays during the breeding time, departing in
autumn. I obferve in a drawing fent to me from Georgia, that the
cere is blue; irides reddifh orange: it varies in having the under
parts of the body inclining to dirty yellow, and the white on the wing

lefs confpicuous, or wholly wanting.

Le Blac, Dental: O:/. i. p. 147. pl. 36 and 37.
Milan Blac, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 152. CXXIV.

Ss IZE of the female Kefril: top of the head, back of the neck, body,
wings, and tail, more or lefs pale afh colour: wing feathers

fringed round the ends with white; the tail hasa flight tinge of rufous, 1s
a trifle

Ft AWE CO Ne

a trifle forked in fhape, and the feathers fringed at the ends with white ;
the under part of it white: fides of the head, and all beneath white :
the feathers of the thighs are filky and delicate, and reach almoft
to the toes: the eye is fituated in a bed of blackifh, which: continues
betwixt it and the noftrils: irides orange: bill black: legs fhort
and yellow: the wing coverts are wholly black; but. the quills are
the fame colour with the back. j

“The female chiefly differs in being bigger, and the colour of the
plumage leis diftiné. The young birds have fuch parts as are
white in the adult inclined to rufous, efpecially on the back feathers,
with a large portion of rufous in- the middle of the breaft, and the
top of the Tae

Thefe birds build between the forks of trees, lining the neft
with mofs and feathers, and lay four or five white eggs.

This fpecies is found throughout all the 4frican coaft, from Duyven-

Hoek to. Caffraria, and in the interior in Camdeboo, and the borders.

of Swarte-Kop and Sondag; is always perched on high bufhes, where

it may be feen afar off by its pure white under fide. Its cry is,

piercing, and it repeats it often, efpecially in flying. It feems to
feed principally on infects, fuch as grafhoppers and mantes; but Mr.

Levaillant has not feen it kill fmall birds, however, it attacks crows,.

kites, and fhrikes, and drives them ae its haunts. It is a wild
bird, and difficult to be fhot. It is obferved to fmell of mufk, which:

its fkin retains, even after prepared for the cabinet. It is faid alfo.

to have been killed in Barbary, as alfo in India.

Mr. Levaillant thinks this has fome affinity with the Swallow-tailed’

Falcon, which makes its chief food infects;

} F, Milyus,.

29;

Manners.

PLAcE,

jo

a4.
KITE.

25.
PARASITE
F.

DESCRIPTION.

By AGL O10 sd

F. Milvus, Ind. Orx. i. p. 20.
Kite, Geu. Syx. i. p. 61. 43.—Id. Sup. p. 172

HIS is faid to be moft frequent in the temperate and well in-

habited parts of Ruffia, more f{earce in Sidivia, but does not ven-
ture far to the north; about Lake Baikal not uncommon, but none
beyond the Leva. ‘This bird frequents fheep downs in the breeding
feafon, efpecially thofe which are fkirted with wood, but in winter
delights in the neighbourhood of towns watered by rivers, where it
has been sbeme: to {weep off dexteroufly any offal floating on the
furface: will lay as far as four eggs, fome of which are of a pure
white, and others much fpeckled, This bird, as well as other birds
of prey, drives away the young as foon as they are able to fhift for
themfelves. It has been obferved to me, that a female kite will
weigh two pounds and ten ounces, and the egg two ounces and a
half, fo that feventeen eggs would but juft exceed the weight of the
bird; but the raven is fo difproportionate as to require forty-eight
to anfwer the fame purpofe *.

Le Parafite, Levaill. Oi/ i. p. 88. pl. 22.
Milan Parafite, Daudin. Oru. ii. p. 150. CXxil.

HIS by many may be efteemed only a variety of our Kite, but
Mr. Levaillant affures us, that it differs materially in having the -

tail lefs forked, and in being of fmaller fize: the bill yellow inftead of

black, which the common kite has, and the cere blueifh inftead of

yellow; however the legs in both are yellow: irides brown hazel:

the general colour is that of tanned leather: the middle of each fea-

ther darkifh; the under parts more inclined to cinnamon colour :

© Col. Montagu.
cheeks

BAe: Dy GO: Ne

cheeks and throat whitifh : moft of the feathers have a blackifh line
down the fhaft : tail brown, banded with deeper brown.

This is common throughout Africa, efpecially in Caffraria and
Grand Namaquas ; called at the Cape Kuykendief, which alfo is the
name the Dutch give the common Kife. It builds both in trees and
rocks, lays four eggs, fpotted with rufous: the young have the end
of the tail nearly even, which alfo takes place with the European
fpecies, and Mr. Levaillant fuppofes the Black Kite* to be no other
than a young bird. This is a very bold {pecies.

Le Buzon, Levaill. Oi/. i. p. 86. pl. 21.
Bofard Bufon, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 168. cxlit,

IZE of the Hobdy: the bill is horn colour, covered at the bafe

with a deep yellow cere: the legs are alfo yellow: the head and
neck are dufky to appearance; but the bafes of the feathers are

white: the upper parts of the body and wings are rufous and black, _
irregularly mixed: the greater quills dufky; the fecondaries the
fame, outwardly rufous: the tail is even at the end, black, having.

a narrow band of white about the middle of it, which according to
the figure, feems compofed of white fpots; the very tip alfo white:
all the under parts are pale rufous, croffed. with dark markings:
thighs the fame, but not feathered beyond the knees: this differs
from the Buzzaret, in not having the quills reach beyond one-third
of the tail, whereas in the Buzzaret the wings and tail are equal: the
bill is by much more broad and fhort than in that bird.
Inhabits Cayenne, and feems in many things greatly allied to my

Spotted-tailed Hobby +. :

@ Pl. En. 472.

} Gen, Syn. i, p. 106.

Le-

81

PLAcE.

26.
HOBBY
BUZZARD:

DeEscRiIPTio0Ns. -

PLace.

32

ee
BUZZARET.

DeEscRIPTION.
PLack
28.
PONDICHERRY
E.

PLacs.

Degscriprion.

Hog Ah Ei Ga Onan.

Le Buferay, Lewvaill. Oif-i. p. 84- pl. 20.
Bufard Buferai, Daudix. Orn. ii. p. 168. cxli.
IZE of the Marfh Buzzard: the bill black ; cere lead colour :
the head and neck rufous white, mixed with brown, the laft
deepeft on the back part of the neck: the back and wings are rufous
brown, or chefnut, more or Jefs {potted or ftreaked acrofs with dufky
blaelk: the tail barred with the fame, but the bafe of it inclines to
rufous yellow, towards the end dufky; the wings when clofed reach
to the end of it: the belly and thighs are light rufous, marked
with tranfverfe bands of black brown: quills black 4
Inhabits Cayeyne, and is fuppofed to be the fame bird which M.
Mauduit mentions in the Eneyclopedie Methodique, by the name of
Bufard Roux de Cayenne. |

F. ponticerianus, Ind. Orz. i. p..23. 46.
Qifeau Brame, Ef Philof. p. 55.
Aigle de Pondichéry, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 55. XXiil.
Pondicherry Eagle, Gen, Syz.1. p. 41.
HIS is not unfrequent on the coaft of Malabar and Coromandel,
where it is called Tchil and Kuereuden, but not of fo generous

_anature as to be trained for falconry. The figure of the Garroora,

is a bird, which is frequently found in the temples of the God Vi/bnou,
immediately in front of his image, and fometimes fitting on a ferpent
with feveral heads: this is a large brown kite, with a white head :
the Brachmans at fome of the temples of /i/bnou, accuftom birds of
this fpecies to come at ftated times to be fed, and call them to their
meals by ftriking a brafs plate *.

A bird feemingly of this laft kind is found in New Holland, j in

& Sketches of the Hindoos, 8v0. 1790, ;
as which

AEC IES IO) 2 IN:

which the head, neck, and belly are pure white, without any ftreaks :
the reft of the body of a dull ruft colour. It is called: Girrenera:
part of its food confifts of eggs, as the f{tomach of one was found full

of egg fhells.

Le Vocifer, Levaill. Oi/, i. p. 17. pl. 4.
Aigle Vocifer, Daudin, Orn. ii. p. 65. XXXv.
— Nonette, Gaby, Voy. in Nigritie.

HIS bird is the fize and make of the O/prey, and greatly re-

fembles it in manners: extends from wing to wing eight feet:
the bill is lead colour: the legs yellow: irides red brown: the head,
neck, breaft, and f{capulars, are pure white edged with brown; on the
breaft a few black brown fpots: the tail of a pure white: the reft
of the plumage is rufty brown, ftreaked with dingy black ; the leffer
wing coverts more inclining to ruft colour: quills black, croffed on
the outer webs with fine rufous and black lines: lower part of the back
and rump, mixed black and dirty white: between the bill and eye, a
yellow fkin barely covered with hairs: the lower part of the belly
and thighs deep rufous, feathered only to the knees: the wings when
clofed reach ‘to the end. of the tail. The female is more dull in
colour.

This fpecies inhabits the more inward parts of the Cape of Good
Hope, about fixty or eighty leagues up the country ; moft common
about Lagoa Bay. The colonifts at the Cape, call it Groote Vi/-vanger,
or Witte Vif-vanger, as it feeds on fifh, defcending upon them into
the water after the manner of the O/prey, retiring to a rock to eat
it; fuppofed alfo now and then to feed on young antelopes, as the
bones of one have been found in the neft; alfo on the great lizard,
common in the African rivers. The male and female are rarely {een
apart; they build’ on the tops of trees, or on the rocks, and Jay two

Supp. Il. F or

29.
PISCIVOROUS
E.

DascRipTion,

PLACE.

34

30.
BLAGRE
E.

DeEscRipPT10ON.

Piacr,

31.
AMERICAN
: B.

Dyscaiprion.

FAL Je 10. ANe i

or three white egos, bigger than thofe of a turkey. By fome it is
called the Crying Eagle, as it flies high, and frequently utters loud
cries, and may be heard far off; is very watchful, and difficult to
fhoot, and it has been known that to obtain one, a fportfman has
been obliged to remain concealed for three days under a turf covering,
before he could obtain a fhot. It feems to be a variety of the Pon-
dicherry Eagle.
‘Le Blagre, Lewaill. Oi/. i. p. 23. pl. 5.
Aigle Blagre, Daudin. Orn. il. p. 70. Xxxvil.
IZE and habit of our O/prey: the head, neck, and parts beneath,
are glofly white, but the top of the head, and hind part of the
neck incline to brown: leffer wing coverts and tail pale grey brown,.
and the end of the laft white: the great quills are dufky: black ;.
fecondaries are outwardly like the reft of the wing: the feathers for
the moft part very rigid: bill brownifh: iris deep brown: legs.
yellow ; claws black.

This fpecies is found in the dry internal parts of the Cape of Good
Hope, but only on the borders of rivers, where it frequents for the
fake of the fifh, which it takes in manner of the O/prey, by plunging
in after them; its fight feems very piercing, as it will frequently
deicend at once, from a height in the air where itis fcarcely vifible,.
into the water after its prey.

F. borealis, End. Orn. 1. p. 25. 50.
Falco aquilinus, cauda ferraginea, Great Eagle Hawk.—Bartram Trav. p. 286.
American Buzzard, Ger. Syn. i. p. 506 ;
HE iris of this bird is brownifh yellow: cere and legs yellow:
thighs of a fulphur colour. Ic is called i Georgia, the great
Red-tailed Hawk; is faid not to be very common; is much on the
‘wing, and yery thy, therefore very difficult to be thot. .

F. apivorss,

POR I Gs) 0) Ne

F. apivorus, Zid. Orn. i. p, 25. 52.
Honey-Buzzard, Gen. Syz.i. p. 52 ——Jd. Sup. p. 14.

HIS is found in open countries, in Ruffe and Siliria, where

woods are near, and plenty cf fmall Lizards, which are com-
monly met with in its gizzard on diffection; not only fo, but likewife
Caterpillars, both fiooth and hairy: builds a large fhallow neft of twigs,
lined with dead leaves, upon a tall flender beech, as obferved by. Mr.
White*. The egg was {maller than that of the Common Buzzard,
lefs round, dotted at each end with fmall red {pots, and furrounded

in. the middle with a broad bloody zone.

Le Grenouillard, Lewaill. O:/-i. p. gg. pl. 23.
Bufard Grenouvillard, Daudin. Orz. ii, p. 170. cxliv.
T firft fight it feems moft like the Moor Buzzard, being much
of the fame fize and ftature, but differs in colour, for the upper
part of the body is pale umber colour: the cheeks and throat are
covered with whitifh tender feathers, each marked with a longitudinal
brown band : the under part of the body light brown, flightly mixed
- with white on the breaft and lower belly: on the upper part of the
breaft, and leffer wing coverts, a few white fpots': thighs and
under tail coverts ruft. colour: wings brown; tail, the fame, even
at the end, but croffed with bars of deeper brown: the wings when
clofed reach two-thirds on the tail: irides grey brown: legs flender,
yellow.

Inhabits chiefly the marfhy parts of the Cape of Good Hope, where
it preys on frogs, whence the name of Kzkvors-vanger, or froe-catcher,
but it alfo preys on young water-fowl.

It makes the neft among the reeds, with ftalks and leaves of
aquatic plants, and lays three or four eggs, which are quite white.

* Hip. Selb. p. 107.
eva In

33°
RAN1V GROUS
dhe

DESCRIPTION.»

Peacz,

36

34.
RUSTY
BY

DeEscRIPTION.

PLACE,

Sinn
TEST ACEOUS
F

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

36.
JAVAN
F

DESCRIPTION.
+

Peay) Lee Br Oven,

In the fame places have been met with, another, which appeared
ftill more like the Afoor Buzzard, as well as a third, quite black,
with the rump entirely white.

Falco rubiginofus, fd. Orn. i. p. 27. 6.

HE bill is black: legs yellow: the head wholly of a whitifh
yellow ; cheeks rufty: body above brown, beneath yellowifh
white, with an irregulan rufty-coloured fpot on the breaft: quills
brown, with the outer edges hoary, within brown, with feveral white
bands: tail brown, croffed with four teftacecus bands.
Inhabits Sclavonia.

Faucon teftacé, Daudin. Orn. i. p. 125. Ci.

IZE ofa Gofhawk: length twenty-one inches: bill blueith: cere,

- jrides, and legs yellow: the head, and all the upper parts of the
bird, are teftaceous brown: the fhafts of the feathers blackifh: throat
and fore part of the neck nearly white, inclining to teftaceous on
the breaft; from thence to the vent reddifh brown: the vent itfelf
white: quills dufky, fpotted on the inner webs with whice: tail
btown above, and pale beneath, where it is croffed with five indifting&
dufky bands.

Inhabits the ifland of Fava: it was firft obferved perched on a
rock, feizing on fuch fimall birds as paffed by within reach of him,
and was by chance killed by a ftone thrown at him. :

F, Javanicus, Ind. Orn. i. p. 27. §8.—Lichtemberg. Maga. iv. 2. 8,

HE cere is black, but the middle of it is yellow: the head,
neck, and breaft chefnut: the back brown: legs yellow. In-
habits Fava, and is found chiefly on the fea coafts, feeding on fp.
The

ee Ass Tee CohiO. Ne

Fhe flight account which we are enabled to eive of this bird, wilh
not enable us to fay whether it is the fame with the preceding fpecies,
F, Palumbarius, Ind. Orz. i. p. 29 65. y
Avtour commun, Daud. Orn. ii. p. 71. 39.
Gothawk, Gez. Sym. i. p. 58.2. Sup. p. 16.

REEDS in Scotland: the young one is very different from the

adult, and it is not at all clear that the Fa/con Gentic of Br.
Zool. N° 50, is not the Gofoawk in its firft feathers. In Germany, it
is not an uncommon fpecies in the forefts, where it is ftationary,
_ preying on various kinds of large and fmall game; among others
geefe, hence perhaps has arifen the name of Goofe Hawk or Gofhawk:
faid to be found in numbers on the 4zores iflands, and by fome fup-

pofed to have given a name thereto, as azor in the Spanifh tongue:

fignifies a Gofhawk. The American {pecies weighs three pounds and
a quarter, and meafures twenty-one inches in length.

Var. A. Der Weiffe Stockfalke, Allg. U. d. Voz. Zufafs. S. 662.—Decouver. Ruff
3. Pp. 303.
Falco Lathami, Autour blanc, Daudinx. Ora. ii. p. 73.39. Var. C.
A Large white variety, mottled with brown and yellow, is fome-
‘times found about the Uralian mountains, and the eaft part of
Siberia; and both in Germany as well as Kamt/chatka individuals
are found of a pure white, without mixture; one of thefe, with a
grey tinge on the back, was fhot in TAuringia, in the autumn,

L’autour huppé, Lewaill. Oi 1. p. 114. pl. 26.—Daxdin. Orn, ii. p. 77. xlv.
Aigle moyen de la Guiane, Evxcycl. Meth. (Mauduit.)
HIS and the Common Gofhawk, according to M. Levaillant, are
the only two Gofhawks knowa: the prefent one is one third
bigger than our European fpecies ; and independant of the difference
of

37

‘37s
GOSHAWK.

Var. B.

DeEscriPTion..

38.
CRESTED :
GOSHAWK.

DiscRIPTION.

a

Be AY ie. FOO Ne

of colours, has a tuft of long black and white feathers fpringing from
the hind head: the crown is black: hind part of the neck deep
rufous : the upper part of the body and wings are brown, but deepeft
on the wing coverts: chin and throat white: the reft of the under
parts dirty rufous white, with irregular black fpots, and a line of
black on each fide of the neck, between the rufous and white: thighs
barred or chequered with black and white, and feathered almoft to
the toes: the bili is pale blue, with a yellow cere: legs dull yellow :
tail banded brown and black. ;
Puace. This inhabits Cayenne.

bs

39. Autour de Mauduit, Daud. Orn. ii. p. 73. xl.
eeu , Grand autour de Cayenne, Mauduit, Enc. Meth. ;
ib HIS is two feet in lenoth: the bill and cere black: the eye-

lids, and fkin between the bill and eye covered with hairs: nape
af colour: the feathers with black fhafts, and ftreaked with white:
cheeks white ; from behind the eye to the hind head a black ftreak :
the hind head furnifhed with a long creft: the upper part of the
body. black brown: middle of the wing barred with cinereous
grey: belly white, barred with rufous brown: fhins covered with
feathers, rufous and whice, in rings: tail long, banded alternately
with four bands of black and grey; the wings when clofed reaching
about half way thereon: toes yellow.

The female is bigger, and wants the creft, and the colours in ge-
neral more dilute. . '
PLacy. Inhabits Cayeune.

DEsCRIPTION:

i}

40. Autour dela Guiane, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 78. xlvi.
SUIANA Petit Aigle de la Guiane, Mauduit, Exc. Meth.
GOSHAWK. 3 i : j t
Decne rion HIS is twenty-two inches in length, and the plumage in ce
entirely white, except the quills and the tail: the feathers o

both of which are banded chequerwife with grey and black, fo that the -
a colours

B A’ Te GO. Ne

colours on each fide the fhaft oppofe each other: the hind head is
crefted ; one of the feathers, which is much longer than the reft, is
marked with a fpot of black rear the end: the wing when clofed’
reaches two thirds on the tail.

This inhabits Guiana,

Epervier 4 yentre roux, Daud. Orn. ii. p. 86. liv.—Mauduit, Encycl. Mérh. 687.
col .1. ;

IZE of the common Sparrowhawk, and has a bill as in that bird:

the head is cinereous brown, paler at the nape: throat whitifh
in the middle, banded on each fide with rufous: the upper parts of
the body deep brown, the under rufous: the vent feathers incliaing
to white: legs yellow; claws black.

Inhabits. Cayenne.

Falco hyemalis, Jad. Orn. i. p35. 78. Var.
Faucon a croupion blanc, Daudin. Orn. li. p. 110. 78»
Northern Falcon, Gen. Syz.i. p. 79. Var.
HIS is fixteen inches in length: bill brown; cere greenifh;
irides yellow: head afh colour, each feather brownifh in the
middle, and ferruginous on the fides, moft inclining to the laft at
the hind head: cheeks pale afh colour: orbits and chin whitifh:
neck afh colour, inclining to brown behind, and to ferruginous on
the fore part: back cinereous brown: rump white: breaft ferrugi-
nous, more or lefs mixed with whitifh: belly and thighs white,
marked with ferruginous, each feather having two or three heart-
fhaped fpots upon it: tail brown above, beneath pale, with dull dufky
bars: legs yellow.
This was killed in Carolina, by Mr, C, Bofe ; it feems clearly a Var.
ef my Northern Falcon.

F, melanoleucus,

39

PLACR~-

41.
RUFOUS
BELLIED:
F.
DescRIPTIOM

Prack..
Acs
NORTHERN,

DescriPriows

Prace,

40

43.
BLACK and
WHITEINDIAN
F,

Descriprion.

PLACE.

440
CHANTING
F.

DESCRIPTION,

Fo As CLO. ae

F. melanoleucus, Znd. Orn. i. p. 36. 85. | Var.

Le Tchoug, Lewaill. Qi/: i. p. 133. pl. 32.

Epervier pie, Daudin. Ora. ii. p. 85. 51.

Black and White Indian Falcon, Gen. Syz. is ps 81.——Ld. Sup. p. 20.%-Young
bird.

“HIS feems greatly allied to the Hen-harrier, forin fizeit correfponds
as well as fhape: the bill is black: the head, neck, back, and
wings are moftly of a deep brown; but the back part of the head
inclines to black, with a mixture of white at the back part of the
neck, and wing coverts: the greater quills are dufky, the feconda-
ries partly dufky white: all the under parts from the breaft, the
belly, thighs, vent, rump, and tail are white; but the tail, which is
nearly even at the end, inclines a little to rufous grey, and the two
middle feathers of it have a fort of brewn crefcent on the tips: the
legs are long and yellow: this appears to be a bird not come to its
adult plumage, on account of the mixture of white among the
feathers. é
This fpecimen came from Bengal, where it is known by the name
of Tchoug; is thought alfo to be a native of the Cape of Good Hope,
as Mr. Levaillant faw a bird of this kind pafs over his head, in
which the head and neck were black, and rump and under parts
were white: this was probably our Black and White Falcon in its
perfect plumage. ;

Le Faucon chanteur, Levaill. Oi, i, p. 117. N° 27.—Daudin, Orn. ii. p. 116.
Ixxxviii. ae eK

HIS beautiful fpecies is the fize of the Common Falcon, and the

plumage in general of a very pale lead or dove colour, but the

top of the head and fcapulars are much darker, inclining to brown ;

and

FON PCO N:

and the under parts from the breaft are pearly grey, crofled with
numerous blueifh grey markings: the quills are black: the tail is
greatly cuneiform, the outer feather being fhorter by one-third than
the middle ones; it is of a dufky colour, but the very tip of the fea-
thers are white, and all but the two middle ones are croffed with
white bands: the bill and claws are black ; the legs and cere orange,
and the iris deep red brown: the female is bigger than the male by
one-third, but does not differ from that fex materially in colour,
except in fome parts, efpecially the cere and legs, being paler.

This bird imitates the Hey-harrier in colour, but independent of
other points in which it differs, I do not find that it has any appear-
ance of the ruff-like collar round the lower part of the head. It is
found chiefly in Caffraria, and the neighbouring country, as Karow
and Camdeboo. Inbreeding time, the male is remarkable for its fone,
which it makes every morning and evening, and like the Nightingale,
not uncommonly even the night through; it fings in this loud tone
for more than a minute, and after an interval begins anew ; during its
fong, it is fo regardlefs of itfelf thatany one may approach; but in the
intervals of quiet it is fo wary as to take flight at the leaft fufpicion ;
fhould the markfman fhoot the male, the female will foon fall under
his gun, asin the attachment to him, and calling every where with the
moft plaintive voice, it is fo continually paffing within gun fhot,
that it is no difficult matter to fhoot it; but in cafe the female
fhould be fhot firft, the male does not teftify fo much attachment,
for retiring to the top of fome diftant tree not eafily approached,
it does not ceafeto fing, but becomes fo wary as to fly intirely away
from that neighbourhood on the leaft alarm. The female is faid to
make the neft between the forks of trees, or in bufhy groves, and to
lay four white round eges: this fpecies preys on partridges, hares,
quails, moles, rats, &c. and for its fize, feems a very deftructive
fpecies,

-Supp, II. G

4I

PLACE.

Manners.

42

45.
LONG.LEGGED
HEN-HARRIER.

DescriPrion-

Pract.

46.
AXILLARY
F

Dsscriprion,

Fy - Ay LC +O. Ney :

L’acoli, Levaill. Oi. i. p. 130. pl. 31.

Sous-bufe acoli, Daudin. Oru. it. p: 176: cli.
"T His bird, in refpect to fize and colour, raat, refembles the

Hen-barvier, but feems. to ftand higher on the legs: the undee

parts from the breaft, croffed with fine fees lines, or firipes, forne-
what in the manner of the Chanting Falcon, though not-fo numerous
or delicate ; one likewife at firk fight. might ippole j it to be the fame
bird on a larger fcale, did not the great difproportion of length of
legs at once fhew the difference: the tail 1s.pale grey, and Were
pretty long, even at the end, and not graduated as in that fpecies :
quills dufky black : reach two-thirds on the tail: the bill is, blueith ;
cere red, as is the fkin round the eyes: irides and legs yellow. .

This frequents the cultivated parts of the Cape of Good Hope, and
not unfrequently the fandy deferts ; many of them about places in,
which the laft is never-feen. In the interior it is only obferved about
the rivers Swarte-kop and Sondag; it is called Witte- Valk (White
Falcon) and Leeuwerk-Vange (Lark Catcher.) The male and female
are feen ufually together; make their neft in the bufhes; lay four
dirty white eggs, oval in fhape, whereas thofe of the Chanting Falcou
are nearly round.

IZE and fhape of the Hen-barrier, and not unlike it in colour,

but differs effentially, as the wreathed feathers round the lower
part of the head are not confpicuous: the bill is black : legs pale
yellow; claws black: the plumage on the upper parts is pale cine-
reous blue; the under whitifh : over the eye a long irregular narrow
ftripe of black ; a large long patch of black alfo occupies the. whole
of the inner part of the wing when clofed: the quills are black, and
reach to the end of the tail, which is rather rounded in fhape, and of

a moderate length,
Inhabits

FAL €C ON.

Inhabits New Holland, but is not very common. The fpecimen
from which the above defcription was taken, was caught alive, and
kept for two months, being fed with fmall birds, fifh, &c.

F. Bohemicus, Ind. Orn. i. p: 43. 100,
Maeufe-habicht Miflilauce, Fo/. Mayer. Boehm. Ah, Vi. p. 313-

i HIS is more than a foot in length: the gape of the mouth, iri-
des, and legs yellow: the upper parts of the plumage afh-colour-
ed; beneath white: the orbits white: tail long: the legs fomewhat
fhort, furnifhed with feathers below the knees: ave of the outer quills
black on the outer margin.
Inhabits the mountainous parts of Bohemia, feeding on mice* is
chiefly obferved of evenings. It has been fuppofed that this bird
may prove only a variety, if not the fame as the Hen-barrier *.

F. Tinnunculus, Zzd. Orn. i. p. 41. 98.—Spalousk. Vor. 3. t. 3.—Brif. Orn. i, p-

Bes 7:
¥F. Nifus, Seg. Pog. 3 .plea17.—Seop, An. Nat. Add. p. Yo.

Keftril, Gen. Syn. i. p. 94. 79.—1d. Sup. p. 25.

¥ Think that this is the bi¥d which in India is called’ Chouee. I have
‘feen a bird, ‘feeminsly a Kefril, zmone fome Obinefe drawings,
which was called MJazw-zing, which fienifies Speckled Bird, or ra-
yenous. The word Maw, means Brachet or Broken, as the face after

the {mall-pox. In the fame collection, I obferved another called alfo:
Mawing, but this had the breaft crofied with numerous bars like the

Sparrow-hawk.

Nii

* Bechfein.

G «

43

PLACE.

47:
BOHEMIAN’
F.

Description.
PLAcE.

48.
KESTRIL.

DESCRIPTION.

|

44

48.
KESTRIL.
Var.C.

DescrIPTION.

48.
KESTRIL.
Var. D.

DEscRIPTION.

By ANVIL Cav ONE

Epervier des alouettes, Bri, Orz. i. p. 359. 22?

OME few years fince, I received the following bird, which was

fhot in Surrey: it was fourteen inches long: the bill pale, with a
black tip: ‘cere and legs yellow: the forehead over the noftrils
white: head grey, ftreaked with black; under the eye a black mark
like a whifker: back rufous brick-colour; at the tip of each feather
a fpot of black: rump pale afh: all the under parts of the body pale
rufous white, ftreaked with black down the fhafts: thighs the fame,
with here and there a fpot of black: chin and vent nearly white:
wing coverts croffed with black bars: quills dufky; within barred
with reddifh white: tail pale rufous afh-colour, barred on each fide
the fhafts with black ; thofe on the inner webs moft complete, and
all the feathers marked at the ends for an inch, with a bar of black,
but the very tips quite pale. This I judge may prove merely the
bird alluded to above, noticed by Briffon; and probably no other than
a young male of the Ke/fril/, in the firft year’s plumage.

Falco brunneus, der Braunrothe Falke, Allg. U. d. Vog. 1.3. Zufafs. S, 679. 127.
—Taf. 2. f. 1. Mannch.—f. 3. Funges.

HIS in plumage feems not unlike the Kefril, but as big as the
Hooded Crow, being fourteen inches long, and two feet broad:
the bill is blue; the cere yellow: the ground colour of the plumage
is a fort of rufty yellow, crofled with brown bars, as in the Kefril: the
under parts paler, with perpendicular /rriz : tail croffed with lines of _
black, and deeply tipped with black at the end.
The young bird is not greatly different, but the crofs ftreaks of
blackifh are edged with white on the upper parts, the under not un-
like’ the firft; but the end of the tail is tipped with black ina lefs de-

ree.
e This

en! es GES <8 Ni,

This bird is faid to inhabit Zhuringéa in the breeding feafon, and
appears as a bird of paffage, as it is not feen in winter; it makes the
neft as late as May, whereas the reft of the birds of prey build theirs
in March and April.

I much fufpect that the above defcribed are no other than the
Keftril, which is. known to wear the female plumage for fome length
of time; and to fay the truth, very many of the Falcon genus have fo
mixed an appearance in their plumage, partaking both of male and
female, as to appear to the lefs informed naturalift as a diftin&®
{pecies.

Le Montagnard, Lewaill. O:/-i. p. 144. pl. 35.
Crefferelle Montagnard, Daud. Orz. ii. p. 135. cix.

T firft fight this bird has greatly the appearance of the male

Keftril; but on comparifon with that bird, in refpect to fize and
make, it will be found to differ in many particulars: it is a little
bigger: the bill is black; cere and legs yellow: the head rufous,
inclining to brown at the nape: the back rufous, marked with
crefcents of black: tail pale rufous, croffed with feveral brown bands:
chin white: under parts of the body pale rufous, ftreaked with dufky
fpots down the middle of each feather ; but the lower belly, vent, and
thighs are the fame, on a pale grey ground: quills black above,

beneath barred with white; all the under wing coverts rufous white,

with dufky fpots: tail almoft even at the end, or rather rounded, and
the quills reach to about the middle of it. The female, as in other
birds of prey, a little exceeds the male in fize.

It is very common in various parts of the Cape of Good Hope,
and its neighbourhood; called there Rooye-Va/k (Red Falcon) or
Steen-Valk (Stone Falcon) ; alfo feen in mott parts of Africa, efpecially

mountainous

Me

45

PLace.

49° 1
RUFOUS-
BACKED
KESTRIL-

DeEscriPrTion.

PLACE.

46

So.

ORANGE-
LEGGED
HOBBY.

DEscriprion.

ME GGA TE INS ON MN

mountainous and rocky fituations; it refides in the fame place the
whole year: feeds on fmall quadrupeds, lizards, and infects ; makes
its neft among the fharp rocks, unfheltered, compofed of dry twigs
and grafs carelefly put together ; lays commonly fix, feven, and even
eight eggs, intirely of a deep rufous, like its own plumage; is a
fierce and daring bird, fetting up a noife like cri-cri, many times
repeated, on the fight of any perfon, efpecially during the time of
incubation, or when it has young ones.

Falco Subbuteo, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 47. 114. Var.?
Falco rufipes, der rothfuffige Falke, Allg. Ueb. d. Vog. ii. Zufafs. S. 677. 122.—
Befek. Vog. Kurl. §. 19. 27.—Tafi 3 GF 4.—Pl. Enlum. 431.

BESEKE here mentions two hawks, about the fize of a Kefril,
* fhot together late in the fpring. The one fuppofed to be the
male wholly black, but the great wing feathers and under parts of
the body blackifh lead colour: thighs, vent, and under tail coverts
fine red brown: eyelids, the bare {pace round them, the cere and
legs, of a brick red: bill/half yellow, half blueifh.
‘The one fuppofed to be the female had many things in common
with the other, but was larger: head and neck plain whitifh yellow,
or fox colour: eyes placed ih a patch of brown: throat as far as the
breaft whitifh yellow, as are the thigh coverts, vent, and under the
tail: the fhoulders duller fox-coloured yellow, waved with black;
upper part of the body‘pale brown, with dull afh-coloured and black
waves: tail croffed with nine fmall black bands.
This feems to approach very ‘nearly to a fingular variety of the
Hebby, figured in the P/. Enluminées, if not the fame bird.

Falco Subbuteo major, der Groffe Baumfalke, Alle. Ucb. d. Fog. i. Za/afs. p. 660.
as 29: Taf.1.—Td. Naturg. Deut/ch. i. 8. 3153 19.

‘THIS bird, fomewhat. refembles the Hodéy, but is as large as a

Raven; in length nearly eighteen inches, breadth three feet: the
bill an, inch and. an half fee horn. colour: cere and legs. yellow:
iris pale yellow:.head and neck black brown; cheeks black: back
and wing coverts blackifh blue, crofied with obfolete dull brown,
afh grey, and reddifh grey bands: chin, fore part of the neck, and
upper part of the breaft dufky reddifh white, banded with dull brown,
appearing on the breaft as oval marks: quills blackifh, marked on
the inner webs with eight or more:pale grey oval fpots; on the. tail
twelve alternate dull brown and afh grey bands.

The female almoft one-third bigger than the male, and the colours
not fo well defined; fhe wants alfo the black on the cheeks, and the
breaft. and neck are plain fmutty. white.

This fpecies inhabits the pine forefts of Germany, preying on grous,
hares, and fmall birds, It may by fome be miftaken for a variety,
but Mr. Bech/fein affures us that it is a diftinct fpecies.

Le Gabar, Levaill. Oif. i. p. 136. pl. 33.
Epervier Gabar, Daadin. Orn ii. p. 87. lvi.

AFIS is: the fize of the Sparraw-hawk, and the wings, as in that
bird, do. not reach much beyond the rump: the bird is however

a trifle ftouter than the Sparrow-hawk, and the tail rather fhorter $
the head, neck, and upper part of the body and wings are grey
brown: upper and lower tail coverts white: quills dufky, banded
beneath tranfverfely, and the fecondaries tipped with white: tail even,

banded darker and lighter brown, beneath the fame with black and.

white: all from the chin to the breaft, the colour is blucifh grey,
8 froma

47

ale
GREATER
HOBBY.

DescrRIprion.

PLAce,

z.
RED-LEGGED

DESCRIPTION.

48

PLacs,

58:
DWARF
F

DeEscRIPTION.

Manners.

AOL CLOON.

from thence to the vent, dufky white, croffed with light brown bands:
the bill is black: cere and legs fine red: irides yellow. ‘The female
as ufual one-third bigger than the male.

Thefe are found only in the interior parts of the Cape of Good
Hope, on the borders of the river Swarte-kop and Sondag, alfo about
Karow, Camdeboo, and other parts; but not near the Cape itfelf: fup-
pofed to lay about four white eggs, as big as thofe of our Sparrow-
hawk; it hatches in September.

Le Minule, Lewvaill. Or. i. p. 140. N° 34.

HIS isa fmall bird of prey, being even lefs than the Merlin; it
has the fame proportion as the Sparrow-hawk, but ona lefs fcale:

the bill is black: cere and legs yellow: irides yellow orange: all the

upper parts of the body, wings, and tail are brown; the under parts

white, with a few fmall brown fpots on the throat; but the breaft

marked with larger, which increafe in fize as they approach down-
wards, becoming at laft bars acrofs the belly and thighs: the quills
reach a {mall way beyond the bafe of the tail, which is even at the
end, the greater ones banded with white on the inner webs; the
fecondaries much the fame, with broader: under wing coverts rufous
fpotted with white: the tail feathers are brown, with obfolete darker
bands, but the bands are whitifh on the inner webs.

This is a bold fpecies, generally preying on imaller birds, but in
defect of thefe on Gra/shoppers, &c. drives the Shrike totally away
from their quarters, and even many birds of prey larger than them-
felves, even Buzzards and Kites: male and female moft times toge-
ther; build on trees, the neft of flexible twigs intermixed with mofs
and leaves without, and wool and feathers’ within, and lay five eggs,
fpotted with brown near the ends: the female almoft twice the fize’

of

*

PTAC Ie GAO NE

of the male; but the plumage nearly the fame: was fo bold as to take
away a bird from the table where Mr. Levaillant fate preparing others.

7d

vig BS RaCORA culotte noire, Levaill. Oi/-i. p. 126. pl. 29.—Daudin. Ora. ii. p. 120,
XCil. j ‘
9
TRIS 1s fomewhat bisser than a pigeon: the bill is fingularly
formed, in refpect to the under. mandible, as in the Crefted Indian
Falcon, lead coloured, with a yellowifh’ cere: the plumage on the
upper parts of the body and wings is grey brown, with a darker
ftreak down the middle of each feather: the throat is white: the reft
of the under parts very pale rufous, with dathes of dark brown, prin-
cipally down the fhafts: the thighs are black: the quills and tail
dark coloured; and the wings when clofed reach two-thirds of the
way thereon; the tail in fhape rather rounded: the legs are yellow:
irides hazel brown.

This {pecies frequent the Grand Namaguas. M, Levaillant killed
three in the action of feeding on a leveret, at the fame time ronfed
another fomewhat larger, which was fuppofed to be a female. He
was informed, that this bird is not uncommon on Sxeeuw-Lergen ({now
mountain) where it is called Klyne berg-haan (little cock of the
mountain) but by this name they call all the middle fized birds of
prey, and the fmalier ones by the name of Valk or Falcon.

Le Rounoir, Lewail]. Oi/. 1. p. 73. pl. 16.
Bufe Jakal, Daudin. Orz. il. p. 161. CxXxxill.
THis is the fize of our Buzzard, but comparatively more
bulky, and the tail fhorter in proportion: the bill is dufky:
cere and legs yellow: iris deep brown: the colour of the plurhage
is moftly dufky brown: from the chin is a mixture of white, which
changes on the breaft to rufous: the quills are dufky, banded with
g. Supe. II. H paler

54.
BLACK-
HIGHED

EF.
DESCRIPTION.

PLAGE.

55.
JACKAL
F

DESCRIPTION:

£0

Pracr.

56.
DESERT
F -

Descriprion-

A LG: O. Ni :

paler at the bafe, and the fecondaries mixed outwardly with white:
tail deep rufous, with a fpot of black near the end ofeach feather ; the

* two outer ones only banded with dufky: beneath all is rufous grey.

The female differs in being larger, and the red on the breaft not fo
high coloured.

This fpecies is moftly feen about habitations of the colonifts:
of the’ Cape of Good Hope, where it is known by the name of Fakals-
Vogel (Jackal Bird) on account of the cry imitating the voice of that
quadruped ; called alfo Rotter-Vanger (Rat-catcher); it is not fhy,
being feen every where following the leffer kinds of vermin, as rats,
moles, and the like, and like the Buzzard in Europe, is efteemed an
ufeful fpecies; it is cowardly, infomuch, that even the Fifcal Shrike
will occafionally put it to flight.

Ic inhabits chiefly the thick groves which furround the houfes,
and in the thickeft part of them makes the neft of twigs and mofs, »
lined with feathers: lays three or four eggs, fometimes only two,
which are generally hatched, as the neft is rarely deftroyed, from
idea the natives entertain of the utility of this fpecies.

Le Rougri, Levaill. Oif. i. p. 77. pl. 17.
Bafe des deferts, Daud. Ora. ii. p. 162. cxxxiv.
HIS is fmaller than the laft, and lefs robuft in proportion, but
has a longer tail: the bill, cere, and legs are yellow: irides red-
difh: the reigning colour of the plumage is ferruginous or rufous,
paler beneath, with the chin to the breaft and vent very pale grey,
nearly white; the quills are black ; the reft of the under parts are
rufous as above, but paler, and ftreaked fparingly with dufky: the
tail is like the back above, but greyifh beneath, marked with fome
tranfverfe obfolete bands.
The female is a trifle bigger than the male, and is lefs diftint in the »
colours.

Ig

Fea’ Win El OF IN,

It is lefS frequent about the inhabited parts than the Fackal Falcon,
being only feen in the dry and uncultivated fpots. It lives however
on the fame kind of food: its cry not unlike the European Buzzard.
The male and female are moftly feen together, and they make the
neft in the fame kind of places, and of nearly the fame materials.

iN

Falco Nifus, Ind. Orn. i. p. 44.107. Var os
Sparrow-hawk, Gen. Synz. p. gg 85. Var. C.
¥ ENGT H eighteen inches; in appearance not unlike the Sparrow-
hawk: bill pale blue: irides and legs yellows: the top of the
head is afh colour; hind partof the neck rufous: back and wings
~ dark afh colour, nearly black: breaft and belly dirty white, croffed
with numerous pale rufous bars: tail long, marked with feveral pale
bars; wings fhort, reaching only to the bafe of it.
Inhabits New Holland.

Le Tachiro, Levaill. Of i. p. 100. pl. 24.

Epervier Tachiro, Daudin. Orx. ii. p. 9. 58-
"T HIS is little inferior in fize to our Gofoawk: the head and neck
are varied with white and rufous, with fpots of brown black :
breaft white, mixed with rufous: above the plumage is dull brown
for the moft part, beneath white, fhaded with rufous, marked with
crefcent-like fpots of brown: the quills have white tips: the tail is
as long as the body, brown above, croffed with deeper bands, beneath
white, with broad blackifh bands; the quills reach to about the
middle of it: the bill is blueifh: legs yellow: irides topaz colour :

the female \efs bright in colour.

This frequents only the deep forefts, which border Queer Boom,

and in thofe of Hottniqua Land, and makes the neft between the forks.

of the branches of the great trees, formed of {mall twigs and mofs ;

H2 has:

*

St

PLace..

7.
N. HOLLAND ;
SPARROW-
HAWK.
DeEscRIPTION.

PLAceE.

58.
SPECKLED
SPARROW-
HAWK,

DEscRIPTIONe

Pracs.

52

SOF es
SON NINDs
B.
DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

aa,
BLACK-EYED
F

DESCRIPTION,

PLaAcs.

BAS) Ge Or N,.-

lias three young ata time: fuppofed to feed on fmall birds without
diftinétion, but nourifhes the young with grafshoppers ; has.a piercing _
note like Cri, eri, eften repeated. The eges are white, marked with.
rufous fpots.

New fpecies of Hawk, Scunin. Trav. (Engl. ed.) ii. p. 52.

ENGTH eleven inches and an’ half: bill very hooked, full an
inch long: cere and legs yellow: irides orange: the tail nearly
even, but the outer feathers rather longeft, though not perceivably
forked unlefs expanded: the length of it four inches eight lines, and
the wings when clofed reach eight lines beyond it: the firft quill:
feather ferrated outwardly *: lees covered with feathers on the fore
part almoft to the toes: the forehead and under parts are white ;
above the eye and anterior angle of it, covered with flender black
feathers: body, head, and upper wing coverts afh coloured, tipped”
with grey, the fhafts black: the two middle tail feathers white, |
mingled with afh colour: the reft white within, and light grey with-
out.
Inhabits Egypt, where it is commonly: feen fufpended in the air
over the rice fields, like the Kefril, and is fometirmmes feen to perch .
on date trees, but never obferved on the ground.

HIS {fpecies is about thirty-four or thirty-five inches in length :
the bill-is black; pale about: the noftrils: legs’ pale red: the
head:and neck are afh colour: the eye placed in ‘a triangular rufous
patch, but immediately round the eye black: the back, wings, and
tail, which laft is rather Jong, are of a dufky brown: round the lower
parts of the neck, and all eect: ferruginous, croffed with 1 numerous |
fine lines of a blueifh ath colour. C
Inhabits New Holland. ‘ td .

® This circumftance, added to the fhins being feathered before, and the black fea- ~
thers half round the eye, inclines us to think the bird allied tothe Ow/ Genus.

| JEU COXxO.at =

NN WS
\) AS ‘

NIRS

We tf f
bel Balcon!

Publish ae the Act directs May 30,1801, by Lewh & Sotheby Forks Street, Covent Garden «

He Ag Lag Cy OON, 53

61.
Has fpecies is twenty-two inches long; and four feet broad from RADIATED
the tip of one wing to that of the other: the bill is black: the F.

: : ee ; DEscRIPTION.
cere and {pace round the eye pale blue : irides brown: the plumage

in general of a fine rut colour, ie tted and ftreaked all over, with
gore, bur crofed on the head and neck with fine lines of the fame:
wings and tail brown, marked, with blackith or dufky bars: the tail
is very long, with eight or nine biack bars, the wings reaching to the
middle of it:. the legs are blue; claws long, black, and fharp.

‘This inhabits New Holland, but is probably a fcarce fpecies, only Peace.
ene having been met with, which was found nailed to the fide of a :
barn. 62,
WINEING
BY

SIZE of the. Ringtail; length eighteen or nineteen inches: bill Dgscarprion.
pale, with a black point: ae yellow: the general colour of

the plumage is a deep chocolate brown, fpotted with rufty white on

the lower part of the neck behind, and on the axillaries of the wings:

the quills are obliquely, and the tail feathers tranfverfely barred with

the fame: the under parts as far as the breaft, dirty yellowith white,

with fhort dufky ftreaks:. SS covered to the toes with pale afh- °

coloured feathers.

Inhabits New Holland, but no hiftory annexed, further than that ic PLace.
has a wonderful faculty of contracting and dilating the iris; and that
the native name is Goora-a-Gang. a
alco difcolor, 42, Sec. N. H. de Paris, i. pl. 1. p. gt t 4u : note ani
‘Der bunte Falke, Mle. U. d. Vog. ti. 8. 680. 128, ’ ! GREY
F.

HE fize of this bird is not- mentioned; but the defcriptionab- Description.
ferves, that the upper parts of the plumage are dufky grey; the
under, | breaft, belly, and thighs, dufky ruft colour: the under wing
coyerts and thofe of the tail white.
inhabits Cayenne.

9

\ ae < ©:

PLacz.

54

64,
PACIFIC
FE.

DescRipTion.

65.
LUNATED
F

DescRIPTION.

DescRiIpTion.

4

PLACE.

PLace.

66.
FAIR
F

PLace.

PA Le Onan:

"[T HE length of this bird is from fixteen to eighteen inches: the
bill, legs, and irides yellow: the head and moft part of the neck
are white, but the reft of the plumage in general is brown, blotched
on the back with dark {pots, and marked on the belly (which is paler
than above, and inclining to yellow) with black ftreaks: The tail
is long, even at the end, croffed with feven or eight oblique black
bars: the quills are alfo barred as the tail, with the ends black.
This was met with in New South Wales, and probably is not a
numerous fpecies, as only one has been fhot, though others have
been now and then feen.

THIS fpecies is twelve inches long: the bill is blue: legs yellow :

the forehead buff colour: all the upper parts of the plumage are
brown, as alfo the wings and tail: the throat and under parts of the
body buff yellow, paffing upwards in the fhape of a crefcent on each
fide under the eye, and again below this, but not fo far: the breaft
is marked with numerous brown fpots: thighs croffed with fine
brown lines: the tail long; the wings reach about half way thereon.

Inhabits New Holland, and was taken in March. The native name
is Goo-r00-wang.

"[ HE length of this fpecies is about twelye inches: the bill is pale

brown: legs and irides yellow: head, neck before, and ail be~
neath, white: the crown of the head, and middle of the belly pale
blue: back, wings, and tail brown: the bend of the wing brownith
blue, occupying in an oblique manner above half the coverts.

Inhabits New Holland, but neither name nor manners are recorded.
Another, very fimilar, was fpotted on the nape with black; the back
paler: rump pale dufky blue: tail tipped with pale colour; all be-
neath white, but not tinged any where with blue. ;

Genus Ill. OWLS.

* Earep Ow1s. 10, Variegated O,
No. 1. Great-Eared Owl. 11. Fafciated O.

2. Long-E. O. 12. Supercilious O.

3. Short-E. O. 13. Georgian O.

4. Marfh-E. O. 14. Boobook O.

5. White-fronted O. 15. Spectacle Owl. Var. A.
* * Witx SmootH Heaps. Var. B.

6. Snowy O. 16. Bare-legged O.

7. Ermine O. 17. Booted O.

8. White O. 18. Tengmalm’s O.
Var. A. Javan O. Var. A. Dwarf O.

g. Falconine O.

-~

-* EARED OWLS.

Str. Bubo, Ind. Orn. i. p. 51. 1.—Mu/. Lev. tab. 5. ChE 1,
Le Grand Duc, Lewaill. Oi/- i. p. 160. pl. 40.—Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 208. se
Great-eared Owl, Gen. Sy. i. p. 116. 1.—Jd. Sup. p. 40.

T is obferved, that this bird fees better in the day than any other Descrirrions
of the genus, as it is frequently obferved preying on its game in
full day light. 1t feems to be a fpecies univerfally fpread over both
the old and new continents, as MM. Levaillant met with it in Africa,
as alfo the Long-eared Owl, and Scops, on the borders of the River
of Elephants, but fmaller, and having a greater degree of black in the
plumage.

56

2.
LONG-EARED
O.

DESCRIPTION:

Piacs.

3-
SHORT-EARED
O.

Str. Otus, Jed. Orn. 1. p. 53-7.
Moyen Due, Levaill. Oi/. i. p. 166.
Long-eared Owl, Gex. Syz. 1: p. 121-—Id. Sup. p. 42.

[TN one of thefe which fell under my obfervation, the weight was
eight ounces “and a half; the length twelve inches and a half
breatiea thirty-four inches: the horns, fo called, confift of nine ae
each; thofe in front are the fhorteft, and the fifth the longeft, and
when they all lic in their places, there appears a’ black broad ftripe,
edged with yellow outwardly, within croffed with three or four bars
a a darker fhade. ‘It is found in the neighbourhood of the Cape of

Good Hope, as well as in other parts of 4frica.

Str. brachyotes, Jud. Orr. i. p. 55. 11.

‘Str. Ulala, mas. & fem. Sepp. Vog. i. t. p. 63?

Str. Arética, Mu/. Carl/. fase. in. t. 51 2 i

Duc a courtes oreilles, Daudin. Orn. 1. p. 216.
Short-eared Owl, Gen. Syz. 1. p. 124. 9.—Jd. Sup. p. 43-

f~APTAIN Dixon brought over two fpecimens of this bird from
Sandwich Ilands. \t is found alfo in the Orkney Pes; where it

is faid to neftle in the ground *.
From the almoft impohbilicy of difcovering any one feather longer -

than the reft in dead fpecimens, added to the fimilarity of this bird to

the Hawk Owl of Edwards, or at leaft one fent to me under that deno-
mination, | fuppofe them both to be but one and the fame bird; be
this as it may, they are known by the name of the Short-eared-Owl
in England ; and fufficiently common en the 4merican continent. In
refpect to the received opinion of its having the capability of erecting
a fingle feather of the crown at will, the fact is much to be doubted 5

* Aré&. Zool. Pref. xxv.
; indeed

Oo Ww L.

indeed it has a fort of tuft or feries of feveral feathers running back-
wards, and {pringing out of a yellowifh line above each eye, which
goes over the crown of the head, and thefe tufts the bird ereéts
moftly in a quiefcent ftate, never much more than a quarter of
an inch in height, and never fo much as to be perpendicular; when
alarmed, they are ever deprefied *.

In one of thefe fhot near me in February 1792, I obferved the
elongated feathers above mentioned very clearly, and from this am
perfuaded, that this bird having in his power to erect a fingle feather
only, has no foundation.

I think not improper here to remark, that the Tawny Ow! of Mr.
Pennant, if it has yellow iridest¢, I never met with, and except it
may hereafter prove the Short-eared Owl, in fome one ftage of its
life, I know of no fuch bird in England: our brown Wood Owls
have dark or blueifh irides, and one fex of thefe inclines more to
reddifh tawny than the other, differing alfo in weight ; therefore till
convinced to the contrary, I am of opinion that the Tawny Owl
fhould be erafed- from our calendar, unlefs we allow it to be the
fame bird with the drowz fpecies f.

*® Col. Montagu.

+ Lonce received from my late friend Mr. Pennant, a drawing of what he called
the Taeway Ow/. but it had yellow irides.

t “<M. Buffon a fait tres gratuitement deux fpecies de la Hulotte & du Chathuant ;
tandis que trés certainement fon Chathuant n’eft que la Hulotte, dans-fon jeune age,
«* obfervation dont je fuis trés certain, ayant eleve plus de dix nichées de ces oifeaux.
« On voit que Frifch, a ew grande raifon de regarder 1’un de ces oifeaux comme une
‘¢ fimple varieté de l’autre, malgré des pretendues caraéteres par lefquels Buffoe pree |
s¢ tend les diftinguer.”” Levail/. Oifi. p. 164. Note (1-)

Supp. Ii. I

$7

38

4.
MARSH
O.

DzscriPTion.

PLace.

5.
WHITE-
Peony

Boe

Oo Waindcs.

Strix paluftris, Die fumpfeule, N. G. Deut/ch. 2. 344.——Adllg. U. d. Vog. i. Zafa/i.
S.683. 16. Bi—Gr. Muf. S. 82 .
HIS is as big as a Crow, and not far from nine inches long =
the bill brown blue; tip and edge yellow: legs hairy ; claws
black: the upper part of the plumage is white, grey, and brown
mixed; but in the head and fhoulders the white predominates :
the ears confift of fix feathers; about the neck is a kind of yellowifh
ring, marked with coffee-coloured fpots: the under parts of the
body are reddifh grey, on the fides ftreaked with chefnut brown, and
fome fmaller crofs ftreaks: thighs ferruginous, with dull tranverfe
lines: quills grey, with coffee brown fpots, making four crofs ftripes s.
the tail has five bands made up in the fame manner: in fome {peci-
mens the ear feathers confift of three or four feathers only.

This fpecies inhabits Pomerania, Heffe, and Ti buringia, where it is
called by fome the Adoor Fow/, being found in the peat marfhes among
the high grafs; it lays four white eggs, the fize of thofe of a pigeen,,
and feeds chiefly on field’ or other ice.

White-fronted Owl, Nat. Mz. pl. 171.

IZE of the Little Ow/; length eight inches: general colour of the

plumage on the upper parts brown: the circle of feathers round
the eyes dark, fringed at the back part with white ; between the eyes,
and over the bill and the chin white; the under parts from thence
yellow buf: acrofs the breaft a pale brown band ;, on the wing coverts
a fpot or two of white: the firft five quills marked with a white
fpot on the outer, and the fecond quills with the fame on the inner
margins: the firft quills ferrated on the outer edge the whole length 5
the fecond quill the fame half way from the tip: tail marked as the

quills: legs feathered s. bill black: toes dufky.
1 _ This

OWL.

This was brought from Quebec, by General Davies, in 17903 and
with*it another much fmaller, which he had in his poffeffion alive ;
it differed in being more dufky, ‘and the circles of the face not
fringed on the back part, otherwife fo like, as to be fuppofed merely
differing in age or fex: the general obferved to me, that this bird
' frequently ereéted two feathers over the eye ; but although I infpeéted
the fpecimens very narrowly, I could not obferve any feathers longer
than the reft, which circumftance is alfo noticed in refpect to the Short-
cared Owl,

** Witu SmooTH Heaps.

Str. ny&tea, Ind, Orn. i. p. 57. 20.—Seelig. Vog. Th. 3. Taf. 17.—Spalowee
Vog. 2. t. 2»

Strix arética capite levi, &c. Bartr. Trav. p. 2856

Chouette Harfang. Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 188.

Snowy Owl, Gea. Syx. i. p. 132.17.—Ld. Sup. p. 45.

OUND fometimes in Saxony, Heffe, and Thuringia, in Germany.

From its preying on hares, among other things, it has probably
acquired the name of Harfang. In fummer it is marked with dull
pale brownitfh fpots, but in winter as white as fnow.

The Kalmucs are faid to pay divine honours to this fpecies, and
augur good or ill luck, according to the bird tending in its flight to
the right or left.

In Lapland, it is found ufeful in deftroying numbers of the Lem-
mings: the inhabitants of Hud/ons Bay make thefe birds fupply part of
their food, eating their flefh when cooked, and drinking the broth
made with it.

Bartram obferves, that it arrives in Pen/ylvania in autumn, from
the north, and continues through the winter, departing in fpring,
and that they fometimes continue their journies as far fouth as

Carolina.
{2

359

6.
SNOWY
O.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE,

DESCRIPTION.

0) Wak:

La Chouette blanche, Levaill. Oi/i. p. 174. pl. 45.—Daudin. Ora. ii. p. 190.

HIS bird, from the authority of Mr. Levaillant, appears to be
diftinc&t from either the Snowy Owl or Wapacuthu ; neither can
it be a white variety of our Great E. O.as itis entirely earlefs; befides,
the comparative meafurements of various parts will fhew at once,
that it ought to ftand alone as a fpecies; in fize it is fmaller than_
the Szowy Ovw/, and of a more fquat form than that bird: the head
too is much larger in proportion: the tail is fhort, and the wings
exceed it in length when clofed fome inches, whereas in the Sxowy
Owl the tail is pretty long, and the wings do not reach more than
half way thereon: the legs in the fpecies here treated of are very
fhort, and fo completely covered with feathers, as nearly to hide the
claws: the whole plumage is fnow white, with exception to a few
fcattered fpots of black on the wing coverts and quills: the bill,
which is nearly hid in the face feathers, and the claws, are black.
It is uncertain from whence this bird came, but a fpecimen is in
the collection of MM. Raye de Breukelerward, at dm/fterdam.

Str. lammea, Ind. Orz. i. p. Go. 28.
L’Effraie, Lewaill. Oif i. p. 164.—Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 197-
White or Barn Owl, Gez. Syz.i. p. 138. 26.—Jd. Sup. p. 46.

HIS is very common at the Cape of Good Hope, but in defect of

barns, out-houfes, and old buildings, it is conftrained to make the
neft among. the rocks, in the hollows of which it lays feven or eight
white eggs, on a neft compofed of a few twigs and dried leaves. The
natives call it Doodvogel (Bird of Death) and the other kinds of owls.
Uylers, by which name they call all night-birds.

OW LL

Var. A. Str. Javanica, Ind. Orn. i. p. 64. 39.—De Wurmb. apud Licht. Mag.
1V. 2. 106

HIS is faid to have an afh-coloured body, here and there fpotted
with white and black; beneath dirty white, with a tinge of rufous,
and fpotted with black. it inhabits Fava. By the de‘cription, it
feems too like our Bary Owl to admit of a controverfy, efpecially as
this bird has been already found in moft parts of the world, both on

the old and new continent. ;

Le Choucon, Lewaill. Oi i. p. 151. pl. 38.
Chouette Choucou, Daudin. Orn. il. p. 186.

‘HIS kind of ow! feems, like the Hawk Owl*, afpecies approaching
not a little to the Falcon genus, it is however clearly an owl, and
muft be ranked as fuch: the plumage on the upper part of the body a
pale grey brown, inclining to rufous on the crown of the head and back
of the neck, and on the wing coverts are a few fpots of white ; the
greater quills are like the reft of the wing, with whitith tips, and
reach when clofed about half way on the tail; which is cuneiform
in fhape, and grey brown; all but the two middle feathers are marked
on the outer web with tranfverfe white lines, ten or twelve in number :
the inner and all the under fide of it intirely white, like other owls:
the fides of the face and the eyes in part furrounded with a ruff of
hairy feathers, covering the noftrils; thefe are white, as are alfo all
the under parts of the body from the chin, moft delicately pure: the
thigh feathers hang over the legs quite to the toes, and the legs
themfelves covered with fhort briftly feathers: the bill is fmall, and
legs are black; irides yellow: the toes placed two and two, or three
and one, at the will of the bird.

* Edwards, v. il. pl. 62. b
Inhabite

61

8.
Var. A.
JAVAN

oO

DEscrRIPTION.

PLACE.

FALCONINE

DEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

10-
VARIEGATED
O.

DescriPTiIoOn.

Place.

II.
FASCIATED

DsscriPTion,

QO: Wik.

Inhabits various parts of Africa, where the people in the country
of the Hottniquas, call it Negt-valk (Night Falcon); it does not
appear till twilight, and from this circumftance, and its flying rapidly,
not eafily fhot.

Mr. Levaillant caught two of them by chance in a net, for he
had in vain before attempted to fhoot them: the female is rather
fmaller, and the white of the under parts lefs pure.

Le Choucouhou, Lewaill, Oi. 1. p. 157. p. 3g. *
Chouette Choucouhou, Daudiz. Grn. il. p. 187-

HIS isthe fize of the Long-eared Owl, but is lefs bulky, and ftands
higher on its legs: the circles of the face round the eyes are
white, with dufky markings: chin white; but the plumage in general
is brown in various fhades, with a mixture of white, and on the
under parts of the body irregularly barred brown and white: the
legs are covered with downy erey feathers: the tail banded dufky

brown and rufous white, cuneiform in fhape; and the wings when —

clofed reach two-thirds thereon: the bill is black: irides yellow.

Inhabits Africa, met with in the neighbourhood of the Orange
river, and Grand Namaquas: fuppefed to prey of evenings ; for although
it has been feen in the day, it has been only when the fmall birds
have furrounded it as an object not ufually met with. The female
is fomewhat larger than the ma/e, but differs very little in the plumage,
except that fhe has lefs white about her, and the irides of a paler
yellow.

Le Huhul, Lewaill. Of 1. p. 167. pl. 4%.
Chouette Huhul, Daudin. Ora. ii. p. 190. ;
Chouette de Cayenne, Mauduit Encyc. Meth. e

HIS is about the fize of our Brown Owl: the bill and legs
yellow: the general colour of the plumage of the head, neck,

and body is dufky, crofled with white bars, which are broadeft on
the

’

Oo WwW L.

the under parts; but the head is only dotted with white: the wings
are brown, croffed on the coverts with fine lines of white: quills
plain, reaching when clofed to the middle of the tail: the tail itfelf
is cuneiform and long, each feather crofled with three narrow white
bands, which do not ena correfpond on each fide the fhaft: legs
feathered to the toes with dufky and white feathers.

Inhabits Cayenne, and appears to be a new fpecies; by a label ap-
plied to the leg of the fpecimen, it was called-Chouette de Four, hence
it fhould appear ‘to be a bird that takes its prey in the day, which
fome of the Ow/ tribe are known to do.

La Chouette A aigrettes blanches, Lewaill. Oi/ i. p. 170. pl. 43.—Daudin. Orn. ii.
Pp: 207.
IZE of the Long-eared Owl: the bill yellow: the upper parts
of the head and body, wings and tail, rufous brown, with a few
fpots of white on the two laft: the under parts from the chin dirty.
white, tinged more or lefs. with rufous, with a few dufky {pecks, and.
the feathers of the knees covering the thin almoft to the toes; the
thins themfelves clothed with fine hairs: above the eye paffes an arch,
confifting of a feries of loofe white feathers, over the ears on each fide
of the neck; thefe are longer than the reft, but not capable of being
erected as in the great and other eared Owls: the tail is fomewhat cu-
neiform, and the wings when clofed reach to about the middle of it.
This. fpecies inhabits Guicna, but is not very common in our
cabinets ; one fpecimen, however, filled a place in the collection: of
our late friend and correfpondent MZ. C. G. D’orcy, and M. Levaillanz
mentions two others, one in the collection of AZ, Mauduit, and:
another in his own.

By

PLace,

WZ
SUPERCILIOUS
oO.

Description,

Pracz;

64
13.
GEORGIAN
oO.

DescrirTion.

PLACE.

14.
BOOBOOK
O.

DescriPrion.

Pracx.

: 15.
SPECTACLE
oO.

Var. A,

Descriprrion.

Oo Wile

SIZE of the Barn Ow/: length fixteen inches and a half: bill

-yellow: the plumage on the upper parts of the bird is brown,
banded -with yellowifh : throat and breaft pale brown, croffed with
whitifh bands: belly yellowifh white, marked with longifh red brown
ftreaks: thighs and legs woolly, whitith or very pale in colour, varied
with fmall blackifh fpots: quill and tail feathers brown, croffed with
four or five white bands.

I met with this fpecimen in the collection of Mr. Humpbries, faid
to have come from feveral miles within South Georgia, in America.

IZE of the Brown Owl, and at firft fight fomewhat refembles it,

efpecially on the upper parts; but marked with yellow ftreaks
on the head, and with fpots of the fame on the back: the chin and
throat are yellow, {treaked and fpotted with rufous: belly ferruginous,
with pale irregular fpots and markings: thighs and legs covered with
yellow downy feathers, marked with black: toes of a brownifh red:
the bill is fmall and dufky.

This inhabits New Holland, where it is known by the name of
Boobook.

Str. perfpicillata, Ind. Orn. i. p. 58. 24?
La Chouette a collier, Levaill. O:/. i. p. 169. pl. 42.—-Daud. Oru. ii. p. 193.
Spectacle Owl, Var. Gez. Syx. Sup. p. 5. pl. 107-

HE whole head in this bird is deep rufous, with a white throat,
which colour pafies between the eyes, and over them as an
eyebrow; whereas in that figured in the Gen. Synopfis, Sup. pl. 1075

the whole head is white, with a large rufous patch, in the middle of
which

OW L.

‘ which the eyes are placed : the band acrofs the breaft is the fame
in both, and in refpect to the reft of the colours, they agree fufficiently,
as to fuppofe them mere varieties, if not fexual differences of the
{ame bird.

Mr. Levaillani’s fpecimen was killed at Surinam. It appears to be
a variety of the Speéfacle Owl, and the following no doubt a variety
alfo of the fame bird.

Str. perfpicillata, Zzd. Orz. i. p. 58. 23.
Var. B. La Chouette 4 mafque noir, Levazll. Oi i. p. 172. pl. 44.—-Daudin. Orn.

ii. p. 192.
HIS feems to be our Speéfacle Owl for a certainty, sired from
the fpecimen in the Lev. Mu/eum, merely in wanting the rufous
bar acrofs the breaft; but the large dark patch, in which the eyes
are placed, feems abfolutely black, whereas in our fpecimen it was
merely dark red brown; added to this, that the whole of the
under parts from the chin are nearly white, having below the bar,
the belly inclined to yellow; we may therefore fufpect that the two
were of different fexes, or of different periods of age.
This is faid to have come from Cayenne, from whence we are certain
the Leverian one was brought; as to the Collared Owl we cannot
efteem it otherwife than a further variety of our Spectacle Owl, arifing

from age or fex.

Chouette nudipéde, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 199.

HIS is feven inches in length: the plumage is fulvous brown

on the upper parts, with a white {pot on each fide of the neck,
and other fpots of white on the wing coverts: the under parts of the
body are ee with a eerieudied! lyre-fhaped brown fpot on each
feather: legs long, naked, iad brown; claws black.

Supp. I. K The

65

us.
Var. B,

Description.
Prace.

16,
BARE-LEGGED
@)

DEscRIPTIONe

66

Prace.
17.
BOOTED
O.

DescriIPrion:

Viace.
18.
TENGMALM’S
O.

DESCRIPTION.

18.
Va rR. Ae
DWARF

O.

DESCRIPTION,

Oo W L.

The young birds are rufous, the belly more white, as the fpots at
that age are lefs confpicuous.
This inhabits Porto Rico in America, alfo at.Cayenne.

Chouette Phalenoide, Daudin. Orn. ii, p. 206.

T HIS fpecies meafures fix inches in length: the bill is black :
the general colour of the upper parts of the plumage is fulvous ;

the under wing coverts marked with fix white fpots: the cheeks are

white : the under parts of the body varied with rufous and white :

the wings reach to the end of the tail, which is fhort: the fhins are

covered with feathers, as well as the toes, and are of a rufous colour ;

claws blackifh.

Inha bits the ifland of Trinidad, in America.

Strix Tengmalmi, Jnd. Orz.i. p. 64. 42.—AG. Stockh. Ann, 1783; trim im—=Ara.
Zool, Supp. p. 60.
Chevechette de Tengmalm, Daudin, Ora. ii. p. 205. 29. Var.
HIS is the fize of a black-bird: the bill dufky, tipped with
white: from its corners to each eye, is a line of black; the
irides yellow ; the circlet of feathers round the eyes is white, mixed
with dufky: head grey, ftriped with white, and furrounded with a -
dufky circle, fpotted with white and dufky : primaries dufky, barred
with white: breaft and belly white, varied irregularly with dufky |
marks: tail above of a dufky grey, ftriped with white: toes feathered
to the claws, grey, with pea-fhaped fpots of white.

La Chevechette, Levaill, Qif. i. p. 176. pl. 46-

Ghouette Chevechette, Daudin. Orn. il. p. 205.
F215 is inferior im fize to the Little Owl, though fomewhat cor-
refponding in plumage: the bill is yellow, and covered at the

bafe with hairs, which {tand forwards upon it: the ground-colour of
the

ow L.

the bird is dull brown, with fpots of white, on the head, wings, and tail
more numerous, and fmaller on the forehead and fides of it: the
throat, neck, belly, and under tail coverts are white, fpotted with
brown; moftly brown on the breaft: the feet are feathered to the
claws: the taikis pretty long, and the wings fhort in proportion, as
they fcarcely reach beyond the bafe of it. This character is fufficient
to diftinguifh it from the Little Owl, in whicl-the wings and tail are
equal in length.

The native foil of this fpecies is unknown. This and the laft de-
fcribed are varieties only of each other.

67

63. Sd I | SUR 1 ko

Srprs Th wo vE's

Genus IV. SHRIKE.

N°. Collared Shr. N° 12. Robuft Shr.

2. Red-backed Shr. 13. Erect Shr.

3. Magpie Shr. 14. Frontal Shr.

4. Woodchat. 15. Yellow-bellied Shr.
5. Hook-billed Shr, Var. A. 16. Rufty Shr.

6. Jocofe Shr. 17. African Shr.

7. Senegal Shr. 18. Muftachoe Shr. .
8. Barbary Shr. 1g. Cruel Shr.

g. Tyrant Shr. 20. Supercilious Shr.
10. Clouded Shr. 21. Cape Shr.
11. Dubious Shr. 22. Hottniqua Shr.

2. Lanius collaris, Zzd. Orn. 1. p. 69. 10.
COLLARED Le Fifcal, Lewaill. Oi/: ii. p. 35. pl. 61. 62.
Shr. Collared Shrike, Gen, Syz. i. p. 163. 7.
N my Supplement, I fuppofed the Ferruginous Shrike * to be the
Canary Biter, or Fifcal Bird, of the Cape of Good Hope; but I am
inclined to think it to be the collared fpecies.
Thunberg, in his travels +, fays, “ Fifcal and Canary Byter were the
appellations given to a black and white bird (Lanius Collaris) which
was common in the town, and every garden there } ; it is a bird of

© P51. N° $ + 1. p.293-
~ Lam aware that more than one or two birds go by the name of Canary Byers at
the Cape of Good Hope.

4 prey,

S° HR PF sR; Es

prey, though fmall, its food infects, fuch as beetles and grafs-
hoppers, which it not only caught with.great dexterity, but likewife
when it could not confume them all, it would ftick them on the pales
of farm yards, till it had occafion for them. It alfo caught fparrows
and canary birds, but did not devour more of them than the brains.”

Mr. Levaillant afcertains likewife this laft fact, and gives a figure
of the young as well as the adult bird. He adds alfo, that it is
found in Senegal, and in all the interior parts of Africa, and that it is
not a variety of our Great Shrike, differing in the quills, of which
this laft has fifteen marked with white, in the Collared Shrike only
feven ; alfo in the Great Shrike, the tail feathers are twice as broad as
in the Fi/cal.

Lanius Collurio, Ind. Orn. i. p. 69. 11.—Spalow/k. Vog. 2. tab. 5.
Pie-griefche rouffe, Darnegas, Hi?. Prov. ii. p. 335.
L’Ecorcheur male, & de jeune age; Levail). Oif. ii. p. 50. pl. 69.
Red-backed Skrike, Gez. Syz. i, p: 167. 25.——Jd. Sup. p. §2.

HIS is common in Egypt, and called there Daguouffe, caught in

large numbers alive in nets, and are fold alive, as well as all
thofe birds which the law forbids to be ftrangled, and which muft
not be ufed for food till they have been bled; but as thefe fhrikes
are very vicious, and cruelly nip the fingers, the bird catchers take
care to tie together the two ends of their beak, with one of their
feathers *; they are alfo frequently met with in Africa, about the
Cape of Good Hope, and other parts.

© Sonsini, Trav, ii p. 319.

69

Puacs.

RED-BACKED
Shr.

Paaces,

MAGDIE
Shr.

ae
WOODCHAT.

PLACE,

HOOK-BILLED
Shr.
Var. A.
DESCRIPTION.

Ss He Ree BS

Lanius picatus, 2nd, Ors. i. p. 73. 20;
La Pie Piegriefche, Lewaill. Oif it. p. 33. pl. 60.—Daud. Ora. ii. p. 246.
Hanius Leverianus, Leverian Shrike, Zew Mu/.t. 59:
Magpie Shrike, Lath, Syz. i. p. 192. 49.—Jd. Sup. p. 54.
F the (native place of this bird had not been already afcertained to
be South America, we might have brought the authority of Mr.
Levaillant to confirm it, who as well as Sir Afton Lever received a
fpecimen from Cayenne.

Lanius rutilus, Ind. Orn. i, p. 70. 12.
La Pie-griefche ronfle, Levaill. Oi/-ii. p: 46. pl. 63.
Woodchat, Lath. Syz.i, p. 169. 17-
N England, this bird is certainly very uncommon; moft authors
fuppofe it to be a different fpecies from the Red-backed Shrike,
whilft others efteem it as only a variety. I have only feen one bad
fpecimen, which is in the Leverian Mufeum, but Mr. Levaillant
obferves, that it is met with in Sevega/, and not uncommon at the Cape
of Good Hope, efpecially the interior parts of it, and that fuch birds
as are brought from thence do not effentially differ from the Ewro-

pean one.

Lanius curviroftris, Ind. Oru. i. p. 72. 156
Hook-billed Shrike, Lath. Syz. i. p.171.19. Var.”
HIS fpecies extends farther than generally imagined, as it has
been found in New Holland; it be! in having the whole top
of the head black, below the eye on each fide; but the bafe of the
bill on the forehead is white,

Siighe is O10 ky. Bs

Lanius jocofus, Jzd. Orn. i. p. 73. 22.

Chinefe Nuthatch, Gen, Syz. ii. p. 655. Var.

Fighting Shrike or Bulbul, Penz. View of Hindofian, 2. p. 261.—Ovient, Colle.
for Fan.—Fun. 1797; plate in ditto.

Bolbol, Le Brun, Trav. (Engl. ed.) t. 95. f. 1.”

THE Chinefe Nuthatch feems to be the fame bird as this, as both

have a fimilar name; called in Mr, Pigou’s drawings, Cow Kee
Quan, or High-hair Hat, the people comparing it to a Chinefe woman’s
head drefs or hat, which is compofed of horfe hair added to their
own.

Pennant obferves, that it has probably a moft harfh note, notwith-
ftanding. which it has gained the name of Bulbul, or Nightingale.
This is called Fighting Bulbul, being trained to combat for the amufe-
ment of the natives.

The Fighting Bulbul,.is faid to be enamoured of the rofe. Captain
Dixon had two of thefe, male and female, bought at Canton, which
were alive off the Cape of Good Hope, but perifhed by neglect in hard
weather. They would eat vice, but were fondeft of Cock Roaches,
which they were principally fed with.

I faw one of them in the Britifh Mu/eum, full nine inches lone:
four or five briftles at the bafe of the bill; bill and legs brown: the

colour of the plumage brown above, beneath very pale; a pointed
Jong creft on the head: rump white: vent and under tail coverts
crimfon: tail long, all the feathers tipped with white. This came
from Guzurat, in India. With the laft, | alfo faw another of only feven
inches in length: head black at top, and crefted: plumage above
of a darker brown than the laft, all beneath white: under the eye,
the vent, and under tail coverts crimfon: ‘rump as the back; tail
feathers fhorter than the laft, and not tipped with white; the bill was
alfo fmaller, with a flight notch at the tip.

7%

6.
JOCOSE

Shr.

PLAGE,

DascRiPTioONs

72%

SENEGAL
Shr.

DxsckiPrion,

I WARGS

3.
BARBARY
Shr.

Dzscriprion.

Pract.

S$) HR. be KEE

Lanius Senegalus, Ind. Orn. 1. p. 74. 24.
Le Tchagra, Lewaill. O/f ii. p. 81. pl. 70. fi 1. B
Senegal Shrike, Gen, Syn. i. p. 162. 6.

HE defcription given in the Gen. Synopfis, accords intirely with

the bird in queftion: the female is rather fmaller than the ma/e,
and the top of the head is not black, in other things it agrees with
the male, except in the colours being lefs brilliant; whilft young
both fexes are cinereous brown, but paler than in adult age, and the
white inclines to rufous.

This is found at the Cape of Good Hope, about the river Gamtoos,
and from thence to Caffraria, alfo at Senegal, for it feems to be the -
fame with that called by Buffon, in the Planches. Enluminées, Pie
gricfche a téte noire du Senegal *, it is faid to make the neft among the
bufhes, and to lay as far as five eges {potted with brown.

Wanius barbarus, Ind. Orz. i. p. 79, 45«
Le Gonolek, Levaill. O:/. ti. p. 78. pl. 69.
Barbary Shrike, Gen. Syn. i, p. 173. 23.

HE female is rather fmaller than the male; the crown of the
head only is yellow, with a tinge of green, and the red on the
belly lefs brilliant.

In one prefented to the Britifh Mufeum, by Mtr. Schottes the whole
plumage is black, except the crown and thighs, which are yellow;
but the belly red: this appears to me to be a young male.

Mr. Levaillant met with the Gonolek at the Cape of Good Hope, in
the country of the Great Namaqua, but it does not appear to be very
common. The individuals feen by him, did not appear to have any

© N° 479. oe
particular

St ARTE OK 1 ES

particular note, nor could the food be exaétly determined, but in three
which he opened were found the remains of infects,

Lanius Tyrannus, Ind. Orz. i. p. 81. 53.—Bartram’s Trav. p. 287.
Tyrant Shrike, Gen. Sy. i. p. 184. 37-

N a letter from Mr. Adbot, of Georgia, he obferves the following

circumftance : “* A Tyrant Shrike having built its neft on the
* outfide of a large lofty pine, 1 was one day confidering how I
*¢ fhould procure the eggs, when viewing the neft, I perceived a
* Crow light on the branch, break and fuck the eggs, and difplace
“ the neft, appearing all the while unconcerned, notwith{tanding
_ © both the cock and hen continued flying at, and ftriking it with
« their bills all the while, but as foon as the crow had completed
“ the robbery it departed. The eggs are flefh coloured, prettily
fpotted at the larger end with dark pink, and a few black {pots.”

SIZE uncertain: bill large and blueifh: lore ferruginous: head,
hind part of the neck, and fides beneath the eye brown; back
and wings the fame: under parts of the body not unlike the upper,
but clouded with white: tail longifh: legs dufky.
Inhabits New Holland.

LENGTH eight inches: bill and legs yellow; general colour of

the plumage dufky afh: the tail is cuneiform, the two middle
feathers three inches and a half Jong, and the fhorteft or outmoft
two inches; but what moft beautifully diftinguifhes this bird from
others is, that all the feathers of the rump, and fome of the upper
tail coverts, have a dafh of fine crimfon at the ends, for one third of

Supp. II, L, an

73

9.
TYRANE
Shr.

10.
CLOUDED
hr.
DeEscRIPTION.

PiLace.

Il.
DUBIOUS
Shr.
DeEscriprion.

74

DascriPTion.

PLACE,

13.
ERECT
Shr.
DescripTion,

PLACE.

Sab Rp IVa:

an inch in length, in appearance like the fingular feathers in the
wing of the Waxen Chatterer, but on a near infpection, are not of
an horny texture as in that bird, for the webs are perfectly divi-
fible.

I met with this bird at Mr. Thomp/on’s, in Little Saint Martin’s
Lane, London; but without any hiftory of its manners or country
annexed,

HIS is a large fpecies, being full twenty-one inches in length
the bill is ftrong and black: legs lead colour: the plumage in
general that of the Cinereous Shrike ; but the head andthe whole of the
neck as far as the breaft are black: the under parts of the body the
fame as the upper, but very pale, nearly approaching to white :
quills black: the tail in colour like the body, crofled near the end

with a broad bar of black, but the very end of it is nearly white.

Inhabits New Holland, and from its fize feems to approach greatly

to the Falcox genus.

‘HE fize of this bird is by no means determined, as it has come
under our infpection no. otherwife than by means ofa ‘drawine
both mandibles feem curved towards each other, of a moderate fize,
and yellow, but no perceivable notch in either: the head and hind part
of the neck are black: the crown very full of feathers, which when
carried erect, appears highly crefted: the plumage’ of the body is
pale green above, and white for the moft part beneath; but the
breaft and belly incline to yellow: the tail rather long, and dufky,
and fome of the outer feathers very pale: quills dufky.
Inhabits New Holland.

a ¥ 5
Ha ¢ wii Hy

ei

Pl. CXXIL,

SS
SSS
= IN

——S— SSS
Zs

Gijon,
ta, F

Ltt Goose. Canty

(Z
Pablichid as He Act directs. May 30,1801, by Leigh, Sotheby & Son York Stree. Covent Garden .

S°H RW K E.

EAD and neck black, the firft crefled; from the noftrils to
the back of the head a white ftreak, broadeft behind; fides of
the jaw the fameas far as it is black: body fine olive green above,
beneath fine yellow: quills brown; tail the fame, with the feathers
more or lefs tipped with white; bill black, and very ftrong,as in many
of the Gro/beak genus: legs brown.
Inhabits New Holland, and is in the colleétion of general Davies.

I ZE of the great Cinereous Shrike: bill rather {trong and black:

head crefted: the whole of the head below the eyes very full of
feathers, and appears crefted; colour black: the upper parts of the
body and tail rufty brown, but with fome reflections of green on the
laft: chin white: breaft and belly yellow: quills dufky ; tail rather
cuneiform: legs black.

Inhabits New Helland, where it is called Weebong; but it is not a

common ‘bird ; ‘is a bold and fierce {pecies, as it drives ali the ve
birds from its neighbourhood.

Lanius rubiginofus, der roftfarbenen Wurger, <d/g. Usb. d. Voz. 1. i. Zufafs.
S. 696.
Lanius ferrugineus, 42. de la Soc. d’Hift. Nat. de Paris, vol. i. p. 1. p. 911.

HE whole of the upper parts of this fpecies is full ruft colour ;

the under parts of the body pale yellowith red: quills blackifh

within: the forehead a trifle crefted, and ruft-coloured: hind head
and cheeks fpotted.
Inhabits Cayenne.

75
14.
FRONTAL

Shr.
Descripriom.

Pracs:
15.
YELLOW-
BELLIED

Shr.
DeEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

16.
RUSTY
Shr.

Dsscriprrion.

PLAGE.

+6

17.
AFRICAN
Shr.
Deseriprions

PLACE.

18.
MUST ACHOE
Le
DESCRIPTION.

Sie Ry os 2:

ENGTH i five inches: bill black; crown the fame; forehead
white, paffing in a line beneath the eye on each fide, to the hind-
head ; hind part of the neck, and from thence to the rump, black,
more or lefs {potted or mixed with white; but the feathers of the
back in general have the ends white, margined with black: wings
black ; on the middle of the coverts a large triangular rufous white
patch ; fome of the middle fecondary quills are outwardly marked
with the fame, making, when the wings are opened, a longitudinal
patch: under parts of the body white, ftreaked with ferruginous on
the fides, breaft, and belly: tail black; two or more of the outer
feathers white at the ends, and the outermoft of all white on the middle
of the outer margin: legs brown.
Inhabits 4frica: communicated by Mr. Walcot.

La Pie-griefche rouge a plaftron blanc, Levail. Oy it. p. 55. pl. 65.

HIS is nearly the fize of a Blackbird: the length about ten and an
half or eleven inches, of which the tail, which is long and cuneiform,
occupies full half: the bill and legs are dufky: the head, hind pare.
of the neck, back, fcapulars, and wings in general brown black: the
throat and under parts of the boay are of a fine red, growing yel-
Jowifh or much paler on the vent, not unlike in colour thofe parts in.
the Barbary Shrike, which it alfo approaches in the fize and fhape of
the bill; acrofs the breaft is a broad bar ‘of white, as alfoa kind |
of ftreak or whifker of white on each under jaw, from: the gape of
the bill: the tail is greatly cuneiform in fhape, the longeft or middle
feather being five inches long, and the outer one an. inch and three-
quarters, the intermediate ones leffeninz in equal proportions ; the
whole of the tail is compofed of ten feathers, of a lively red plain ca-
4 lour;,

Ss tebe Ray Ke) B:

lour, paler on the under parts ;_ two of the rniddle quills have the outer
webs red, forming a ftreak on the wing ; and the wings when clofed
reach a very little way beyond the bafe of it.

This is faid to have been brought from one of the ifles of the
South Seas. In fome fpecimens, the ftreak on the wing is white in-
ftead of red, perhaps owing to difference of fex.

Le Pendeur, Levaill. Oif. ii. p. 58. pl. 66. 1.

S1zZ E of the Woodchat: length nearly feven inches: the crown,

nape, hind neck, back, and rump, are fine blue grey; fides of the
head, taking in the eye, the throat, and before as far as the breaft,
black ; from the gape, paffing over the eye, isan arch of white bound-
ing the black, as farasthe middle of the neck ; from the fame fprings
another, pafling down on each jawto meet the firft, and including a
black fpace between them: the wings are black: the belly, thighs,
and vent are white: the four middle tail feathers are of equal length,
and black throughout; the others unequal in length, the outer one
being very fhort, thefe are partly white partly black, and the wings
reach fcarcely beyond the bafe of it: bill and legs black.

This is faid to come from India, and to feed on infects, fticking
thofe it has not immediate occafion for on a thorn, in the manner of
our European fpecies: by the colours, one may juftly fuppofe it to be
a male bird.

Le Rouffeau, Lewaill. Oi/. ii. p. 60. pl. 66. f. Zz

26 HIS is about the fize of the Woodchat, and at firft fight might
be miftaken for the female of that bird*: the top of the head
and neck, back, rump, and wing coverts are rufous: from the fore-

@ See Pl. En. 31, f. 1.
head

ad
|

PLace.

1Q.
CRUEL
Shr.
DESCRIFTION,

PLacs.

20.
SUPERCILIOUS
Shr.
DescrirTsox.

8

PLacz.

21.
CAPE
Shr.
DESCRIPTION:

PLACE.

SoH Rovl KE.

head over the eye, paffes a white band, and through the eye, from the
corners of the mouth, a black one; the under parts are all rufous
white: the quills are black, edged outwardly with rufous: the tail is
cuneiform, rather more fo than in the Woodchat; the two middle
feathers of it are wholly, the others on the outer web rufous : the bill
and legs are dufky.

Tenabite Fava, in the Pepabonrhoon of Batavia, and is in the col-
letion of MM, Levaillant.

Le Brubru, Levaill. Oi. ii. p. 85. pl. 71. f. 1. 2

HIS fpecies is about five inches and a half in length: the bill is

black; irides brown: the top of the head, and hind part of
the neck are black; the reft of the upper parts the fame, with a
mixture of white: from the forehead, a white line paffes over the
eye towards the hind head: the under parts are white, but the fides
under the wings ferruginous; on the wings is a patch of white: the
four middle tail feathers are black, the others more or lefs tipped
with white, and the outer one wholly fo on the outer margin.

The female is not unlike the male, but thofe parts which in that fex
are white, in her are more or lefs inclined to ferruginous, and the
black of a brownifh hue.

Ic inhabits various places of the interior of the Cape of Good Hope,
efpecially the great river; often in flocks, except in the feafon of
incubation, at which time it is feen only in pairs; makes the neft
on the Mimofa trees, compofed outwardly of mofs and fine roots,
within with wool and feathers; lays five whitifh eggs, fpotted with
brown. ;

SILHORGT AK y'E: 49!

22.
Le Cubla, Levaill. O// ii. p. 89. pl. 72. f. b. 2. HOTTNIQUA
Shr.

THis is full fix inches in leneth: the general colour of the plu- Dsscairrion.
mage black, except the under parts from the chin to the vent,
the rump, and an oblique bar on the wing coverts, all of which are
white: the tail is a trifle rounded in thape, black, and all the feathers
tipped with white: the bill and legs are dufky: irides yellow: the
female is fmaller than the ma/e, though much the fame in colour, but
on the whole 1s inclined.to brownifh or dufky.
Thefe birds are found in fimall flocks in the forefts of Hotiniqua PLAceE.
Land, and from thence along the eaftern coaft of Africa, where they feed
on infects, and the pupz of them, which they fearch for in the cre-
vices of the barks of trees. They feparate into pairs during the time
of incubation, build in thorny bufhes, making the neft of mofs and
fmall roots, and lay five or fix eggs. The note expreffes the two
fyllables hd, ché; forthe moft part is a very fhy fpecies.

$e PiatA: @R RO

oi

J Guwus V.) PYAPROR! Oia:

* WITH UNEVEN TaiLs, N° 16.

N° 1. Hyacinthine Maccaw, 17.
2. Tabuan Parrot.

Var. A,

Var. B. 18,
3. Pennantian P.
Var. A.
4. Jonquil P.

5. Carolina P. 19.
6. Pale P. 20.
y. Jaguilma P. 21.
8. Nonpareil P. ip)
g. Alexandrine P. 23.
zo. Ground P. 24.
11. Pacific P. Var. D. Psp
12. Crimfon-fronted P. 26.
13. Small P. 27.
14. Turcofine P. 28.

15. Red-fhouldered P.

Orange-winged P.

Black-necked P.

** Witu Talis EVEN AT
THE END.

Bankfian Cockatoo. Var.

A.

Var. B.

Var. C.

Crefted Cockatoo.

Varied P.

Sparrow P.

Chili P.

Gerini’s P.

Pileated P.

Thecau P.

Vernal P.

Purple-tailed P.

Levaillant’s P.

© WiTH UNEVEN TaILs.

Pfitt. Hyacinthinus, Izd. Orz. i. p. 84.

I.
HY ACINTHINE Hyacinthine Maccaw, Lever. Mu/, p. 99. pl. in do.

MACCAW.

DEES RSTO Se "THIS rare fpecies is the fize of the Blue Maccaw, length two feet
four inches: the bill is very large and black ; the head blue: the
body very deep blue, inclining to violet: the quills and tail are violet

blue,

PON Rea 3O 2.

blue, with a tinge of green on the margins: the legs dufky ath
colour: the orbits and chin are both deftitute of feathers, and of a
yellow colour: the tail fhaped as in the Blue Maccaw, but not much
more than half the length. :

This is in the collection of Mr, Parkinfon, to whom it was given
after death by lord Orford; it is by no means afcertained from whence
it came, but as all the other Maccaws are of American origin, it may
not unreafonably be prefumed that the fame country gave birth to
this {pecies.

Pfitt. Tabuenfis, Ind. Orz.i. p. 88. 19,
Pfitt. atropurpureus, Pompadour Parrot, Lev. Mu/. pl. in p. 1426
Tabuan Parrot, Gex, Syz. i. p. 214.16. t. 7.

HE one defcribed in the General Synopfis is a male: the female

is moftly green: the head, neck, and under parts are olive brown:
belly red; rump blue: the upper furface of the tail is green, the
under dufky.

In Cook’s laft voyage, Parrots are faid to have been feen at Tongo
Taboo, fomewhat fmaller than the common grey ones: thefe are of
an indifferent green on the back and wings: tail blueifh: the reft
of a footy or chocolate brown; furely Captain Cook muft have feen
very. indifferent fpecimens, as the green is particularly vivid, and the
purple, though deep, is by no means footy. -

Pf. Tabuenfis, Ind, Orn. i. p. 88.19.
Tabuan Parrot, Phll, Vy. t. p. 253.

HIS is twenty-four inches in length: bill brown; the upper
mandible tinged with red: head, neck, and all the under parts
bright fcarlet: back and wings fine green: on the lower part of the
neck behind, between that and the back, a crefcent of blue: tail long
Supp. II, M and

/

Sr

PLAce.

oc
TABUAN
Ee

DescripTion,

PLace,

2.
Var. A.

DescRIPTION.

$2

PLaceE.

PA” ORY Re ie.

and cuneiform, moft of its feathers of a deep blue: legs afh coloured:
on the upper part of the wings a narrow line of a fine faxon green
colour.

The female is generally green, but the fore part of the neck inclines
to olive brown: the belly alone is crimfon, and the rump blueifh :
tail green above, beneath dufky.

This inhabits New Holland, and is a remarkable variety, if indeed
it be one; it differs firftly, in having thofe parts, which in the former
are deep purple, of a moft beautiful crimfon; it has in common with
the other, the blue crefcent behind the neck, and the blue rump ;
but differs materially in having a vivid oblique pale blue-green band
near the bend of the wing ; both the wings and quills are wholly green,
without any mixture of blue on the edges; and in the female the tail
is alfo green, but the crefcent at the back of the neck is wanting.

Tabuan Parrot, White’s Fourn. t. p. 168. 169?

N New Holland is obferved a Parrot very fimilar, which we may

poffibly ftrain a point in ranking as a variety, as all the drawings
which I have feen convey the idea of an even ended tail ; in feveral;
the pale vivid ftreak on the wings is not confpicuous: the rump
blue, but the blue at the bafe of the neck behind is wanting.
~ One faid to be a female, was green, with a pale blue rump ; be-
neath from the breaft crimfon; but between the breaft and belly
only patched with crimfon: no crefcent at the back of the neck:
wings and tail wholly green: the native name of this bird faid to
be Wellat, It feems to me not improbable that fome of the above
defcribed, may hereafter prove birds in incomplete plumage.

P1.CXXII,

ele

Publishd ay the Act directs May 30.480/, bu Teigh. Yolheby & Son Tork Street, Brent Garba .

Pe Ae RawRy 0... “T

Pfitt. Pennantii, Zzd, Oru. i. p. go. 26.

Pfitt. elegans, —————-— p. 89. 23?

Pfitt. gloriofus, Splendid Parrot, Nat. Mi/c. pl. 53.

— — fplendidus, Splendid Parrot, Lev. Mu/. pl. p. 27.

Beautiful Lory, Gen. Syz.i. p. 217. 28?

Pennantian Parrot, Gen. Syn. Sup. p. 61—White’s Fourn. pl. in p. 174. 175.
male and female.

HE male has been already defcribed in the Supplement to my
Synopfis, and I am almoft certain that the Beautiful Lory does not
materially if at all differ therefrom.

The female has the upper parts of the neck and body greenifh:
top of the head red, and a patch of the fame under. each eye: chin
and throat blue: lower part of the neck and breaft red, as alfo the
rump and vent: middle of the belly dufky green: tail dark blue,
fringed with chefnut: fhoulders blue; the reft of the wing the fame,
but darker. In fome drawings which I faw from New Holland is
one of thefe, differing only in not having the blue on the chin and
throat.

Pennantian Parrot, Phill. Bot. Bay, t. p. 154.

HIS is of the fame fize, and fixteen inches in length: bill horn
colour; head, neck, the under parts and rump crimfon: back
feathers black, margined deeply with red: inner wing coverts black,
the outer pale blue, making an obffque band on the wing: quills
and tail dufky, edged with blue; the three outer feathers-of the laft
from the middle to the tip hoary blue: legs grey.

ENGT H ten inches and a half: general colour of the plumage
fine jonquil yellow, paler beneath: crown of the head and cheeks
crimfon : a largifh fpot of the fame at the bend of the wing next the
M 2 fhoulder :

$3

Gc
PENNANTIAN
P.

DEscriprion.

3.
War. A,

DEscRiIPTION.

4e
JONQUIL

PARAKEET.

DeEscrRIPTION.

84

PLACE.

5.
CAROLINA
185

o.
PALE

PARAKEET.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACF.

BA eh RO 5 aloe

thoulder: the tail is half as long again as the bird itfelf, and greatly
cuneiform ; the two middle feathers pale buff colour, the others
more or lefs yellow, moit fo neareft the bafe: the quills are pale yellow,
with the inner webs very pale: round the neck, juft beneath the
crimion, is a collar of white, or very pale, changing to greenifh at the
hind head: the bill and legs are flefth colour.

This was alive in the poffeffion of Mifs Hunter, of Greenwich;
called Toto Parakeet, faid to come from the Ramghur Hills, in the pro-
vince of Babar, in the kingdom of Bengal. 1 am indebted to General.
Davies for the above.

Pfitt. Carolinenfis, Ind. Orn. i. p. 93. 33-
Parrot of Carolina, Bartram. Trav. p. 286.—-Gen. Syn. i. p. 227. 29.—Id. Sup.

[2b Dep
Orange-headed Parrot, Ge. Syn. i. p. 304. 111. Ware

ARTRAM obferves, that tnefe birds never reach fo far as Peny-

Sylvania, which is fingular, being a bird of fuch rapid flight, as it
could eafily perform the journey in ten or twelve hours from North
Carolina, which abounds with all the fruits they delight in.

I have already obferved in my Supplement, that the Orange-beaded
Parrot and this are the fame ; and Mr. Bech/tein fuppofes that Fri/ch’s
bird tab. 52. is probably the female.

Pfitt. pallidus, Pale Parakeet, Nar. Mi. pl. 258.

H1S is about eight inches in length, and has a moderately cu-

neiform tail: the bill and legs are pale: the general colour of the

plumage pale yellow: the quills more or lefs of a rofe coloured dirty
white, in fome lights tinged with green,
Inhabits New Holland,

PARK GRO; Tt.

Pfittacus Jaguilma, Jd. Orz. i. p. 96. 40.—Molix. Chil. p. 228.—-ld. (Fr- edit.)
P: 237-

IZE of a Turtle: the plumage wholly green, except the tips of

the quills, which are brown, and the orbits fulvous: tail very
long, and cuneiform.

It inhabits Chili, in South America; moft frequent in the plains
fituated between the 34th and 35th degrees of latitude. It is a very
clamorous fpecies, and often met with in inconceivably large troops,
fo as to obfcure the light of the fun, making great havoc among
the cultivated lands, feeding on the buds of trees, and herbs; happily,
their arrival on fuch fpots is rarely till after the end of harvelt, for
they often tear up plants with the bill, to the root itfelf. Multitudes
are deftroyed yearly, without appearing to diminifh their numbers:
the peafants mounted on horfeback, with a pole in their hands, ride
into the middle of a flock, fettled on the ground, and before they are
able to efcape, kill great numbers: their flefh is faid to be extremely
delicate, and in courfe is preferred to every other.

Nonpareil Parrot, Nat. My. pl. 93.—New Holland Birds, pl. 2.

S128 of the Pennantian Parrot: bill dufky horn colour: head,
fides, and fore part of the neck and breaft crimfon: vent and
under tail coverts crimfon: the lower part of the breaft mixed crim-
fon and yellow; belly yellow, changing to yellowifh green towards
the vent: the chin, and all the feathers furrounding the lower man-
dible, white: the middle of the nape behind black and dull green,
with a few fmall fpots; hind part of the neck and back, as far as the
middle, green, each feather marked with a large fpot of black, or ra-
ther the feathers are black, with green margins: lower half of the
back

$5

7.
JAGUILMA
P.

DESCRIPTION,

PLacE.

8.
NONPAREIL
P.

DescRIPTION.

86

PLace,

: ot
ALEXANDRINE
iP
DgscripPTion.
PLACE.

10.
GROUND
PARROT,

DESCRIPTION.

Pyar aR! * RYO ant,

back andrump pale green: fhoulders black: lefler wing coverts
pale blue; beneath deep blue: greater quills dufky, with the outer
margins deep blue: the fecondaries edged with pale green, like the
feathers of the back; all the greater quills except the outer one, and
fix or feven of the inner fecondaries marked with a tranfverfe pale
yellow fpot about the middle, on the inner web: tail blue; the two
middle feathers of one colour, the others have the ends pale and
nearly white.
Inhabits New Holland, where it is a common fpecies.

Phitt. Alexandri, Ind. Orn. i. p. 97- 46.—Spalowk. Vog. 3. tab. 8.
Dourra, Sonnini, Trav. (Engl. ed.) v. 3. p. $3.
Alexandrine Parrot, Gen. Syz. i. p. 234. 37+

IN Spalow/ki's figure, the ring round the throat is very broad, with
no red on the wings or breatt.
Sonnini affirms that this fpecies is brought in numbers froma
Nubia to Cairo, and that its Arabian name is Dourra.

Pfittacus formofus, Ind. Orn. i. p. 103. 60.

Ground Parrot, Lev. Mu/: p. 219. t. 53.—Nat. Mic. vol. 7. pl. 228.—
Zool. of N. Holland, p. 9. pl. 3.

Black-fpotted Parakeet of Yan Diemen’s Land, D’Entreca/teux’s Voy, ii. p.
47. pl. x.

N fize this is rather fmaller than the Pexnantian Parrot: the bill
and legs are black: the general colour of the plumage green on
the upper parts, each feather banded with black and yellow: the
crown and nape are marked with numerous longitudinal black
ftreaks: the forehead fine orange colour, nearly fcarlet; all beneath
the body the plumage is yellow, croffed with numerous waved
blackifh bands: the under part of the wing cinereous grey, with a pale
broad

Be AR Rein ) On): Ee

broad yellow ftripe: the two middle tail feathers are gteen, marked
with feveral oblique bars of black; the others yellow, barred in the
fame manner; and all the feathers towards the ends growing paler,
and without bars: the tail is very cuneiform in fhape.

This is. a moft elegant and beautiful fpecies, inhabiting New South
Wales, and other parts of New Holland, where it is known by the
name of Goolingnang : it is found in tolerable plenty ; but rarely if ever
feen except on the ground, and particularly in moift places: the legs
and toes are more flender than ufual in this genus, and the claws
more ftraight. It is not known to perch on trees like other parrots,
but conftantly feen to rife from among the grafs, and to alight therein
again almoft immediately.

Pfitt. pacificus, Jud. Orn.i. p. 104.65. War. «.
Pacific Parrot, Lath. Syn.i.p. 252.56. War.

N this the bill and legs are black : the fore part of the head crimfon;

under each eye a large patch of the fame, and another on each
fide of the rump; but the general colour is deep green, the under
parts paler: the five firft quills are dufky, and both wings and tail
dufky beneath.

This inhabits New Zealand.

Pfitt. auftralis, nd. Orn. i. p. 104. 66:
Crimfon-fronted Parakeet, Nat. Mi/c. vol. 3. t. 87.

HIS is the fize of the Pacific Parrot; \ength nine inches: the
bill is brown, with a red tip: general colour of the plumage deep
brown: forehead as far as the crown, and the bafe of the bill all
round, fine crimfon; from the eye on each fide defcends a large patch

of the fame: the hind parts of the crown and the back part of the neck
half

87

PLage.

II.
PACIFIC
PARROT.
Var. D.

DEscRIPTION.

PLACE,.

12:
CRIMSON-
FRONTED

De

DESCRIPTION.

NT]

88

PLACE.

13.
SMALL
PARAKEET,

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE,

BerAvieR Ree Gis.

half way fine blue, with here and there a yellow ftreak, fhoulders of
the wings yellow: legs dufky.

This inhabits New South Wales, and has great affinity to the Pacific
Parrot. In the Naturalifis Mifcellany, the forehead only is crimfon,
and a ftreak of the fame below the eye: the fhoulders are not
yellow.

A bird which appears to be a variety, is among the drawings of
A. B. Lambert, Efquire, which came alfo from New Holland. In
this the crimfon patch below each eye is much larger, with the addi-
tion of a yellow ring round the neck, at the bottom of the blue
nape.

In another collection I have feen one which differs further in
having the lower part of the neck behind reddifh inftead of yellow : >
the fhoulders acrofs the wings tinged and mixed with red, and the
fides of the breaft reddifh ; the whole of the nape is olive brown:
the tail feathers red at the bafe within: this variety 1s in the poffeffion
of General Davies. I have likewife feen it in another collection.

Pfittacus pufillus, Zzd. Orn. i. p. 106. 71.—Small Parakeet, White’s Journ.
t. p. 262.

HIS is nearly the fize of the Guinea Parakeet, and under feven

inches in length: the bill dufky, furrounded at the bafe with
crimfon: body olive green, paler beneath; tail the fame; but the
inner webs at the bafe are crimfon: legs blue.

Inhabits New South Wales : in fome, the bafe of the tail is yellowith
inftead of red; itis found in great numbers all over the country about
Sydney Cove, and has a brufh-like tongue, well adapted to extract
honey from the flowers of the trees, with which almoft every flower
of the country abounds.

9 Mr.

Be 2A RR Or ile

Mr. Bechfein mentions a variety * which had the whole of the face
crimfon: the upper part of the body dull green, beneath paler ;
each feather of the tail,isyerimfon within, with the end yellowifh ; at
the bend of the wing isfa red fpot. Mr. *Bechftein fafpects this to
be the male, and that the one in / bite’s Fournai may poffibly be the
other fex.

Turcofine Parakeet, Nat. Mi/c. v. 3. pl. 96.

SIZE of the Crefed Parakeet: bill black: the upper parts of the

plumage are green, and the two middle tail feathers; the two
next have a little yellow at the tips, which increafes in all the others,
as they are.more outward, till the two outmoft are perfectly yellow ;
the tail itfelf being greatly cuneiform: the head is pale blue; hind
head brownifh, the back part of it inclining to chefnut: the whole
of the wing is blue, but the coverts are paler and brighter than the
reft; at the inner bend of the wing is a long crimfon patch: legs
pale brown.

Inhabits New South Wales, but is a rare bird; is obferved not to
fly far at a time, and never feen but in pairs, and, oftener on the
ground than on trees. The above defcribed from the drawings of
Mr. Lambert: one of thefe, in the colle¢tion of General Davies, has
four of the middie tail feathers green without, and dufky within,
the outer one wholly yellow, except juft at the bafe; the next black
half way, from thence to the end yellow; the third black within,
green without, with a yellow tip.

+ Der Kleine Sittich mit halbrothen Schwanze.—Al/e. Ucd. d. Vog. 1. i. Zufafi.
S. 704.

Supp, II. N

14.
TURCOSINE
PARAKEET.
DESCRIPTIQN.

PLACE.

99
15-
RED-

SHOULDERED

PARAKEET.
DescRIPTIONe

PLACE.

16.
ORANGE-
WINGED

PARAKEET.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

17.

BLACK.

NECKED
1

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE:

PEO Re, Ryo uels

Red fhouldered Parakeet, White’s Fourn. t. p. 263.—Phil. Voy, t. p. 26g.

IZE of the Guiwea Parakeet: length ten inches and a half: ge-

neral colour of the plumage green, paler beneath: the whole
face and throat are crimfon, mixed with yellow round the eye: top
of the head, outer edge of the wing, and fome parts of the middle
deep blue: fhoulders of the wings, and beneath them blood red:
greater quills dutky, fringed outwardly with yellow: tail greatly
cuneiform, of a chefnut red at the bafe, and dull blue at the end:
bill and legs brown.

Inhabits New South Wales.

ts bird is about feven or eight inches in length: the upper
parts of the plumage are darkifh green ; the crown inclining to
blue: cheeks beneath the eye pale afh colour: quills very dark:
fhoulders of the wings, and all beneath orange: bill pale: legs red.
This inhabits the Brajils, or at leaft fuppofed to do fo, as it was
brought into England by one of the fhips trading to the South Sea
whale fifhery, and is in the collection of General Davies.

IZE of the Alexandrine Parrot: bill and legs black: general
colour of the plumage green: forehead and orbits of a lemon
colour: chin, throat, and breaft black; the lore is white, and a white
line on each fide of the neck, between the green and the black :

belly dufky green: quills and tail black: the leffer quills wholly,

and the edges of fome of tlie others, are blue.
Inhabits the Brafis, The defcription taken from a drawing at
General Davies's.

ays hy RRR 1: -

*® Wiru Tails EVEN ar THE END.

Pitt. Bankfii, Ind. Orz.i. p. 107.76. Bs
Bankfian Cockatoo, White's Journ, tab. p. 139.
HITS is fomewhat fmaller than the one defcribed in the Synapfs :
in length twenty inches: the bill lead coloured; the head mode-
rately crefted, black; the feathers of it varied with yellow: throat
and neck yellow: fides of the neck mixed white and black: body
and wings wholly black: the two middle tail feathers black; the
others have the bafe and ends black, but the middle crimfon, banded
with black, as in the firft defcribed, and is found in the fame places.

Pfitt. Bankfil, Ind. Orn. i. p. 107. 76. y.
Bankfian Cockateo, Phill, Vey. tab. p. 166.

HIS is twenty-three inches in length: bill as in the Jaft, the
bafe of it hid in the feathers: head, neck, and under parts of the
body dull brown, margined on the crown and nape with olive: the
body above, the wings, and tail glofty black ; all but the two middle
feathers of the laft crimfon in the middle, but not banded with

black.

Funereal Cockatoo, Nat. Mz/c. vol. vi. pl. 186.

HIS is rather larger than the common or firft defcribed, and

differs chiefly in having the four middle feathers of the tail of a
yellow buff colour, marked with numerous black {pots inftead of
bands.

J Sufpect that this bird differs exceedingly, as I find many varieties
among the drawings from New Holland, where it is known by the
name of Karratt.

N 2 The

gt

18.
BANKSIAN
COCKATOO.
Var. A.

DESCRIPTION.

18,
Var. B.

DeEscrriPrion.

18.
VARA

DEscRIPTION.

OTHER
VARIETSES.

92

19.
CRESTED

- COCKATOO.

DESCRIPTION»

PLACE.

pA Rt Reto va

The ff is black, except a large yellow patch under each eye:
the bafe of all but the two middle tail feathers buff, dotted with
black: bill and legs pale, not common,

Second variety has no yellow patch beneath the eye: tail feathers
from the bafe to near the tip plain crimfon-: bill and legs brown ;
this is moft common.

Thirdly, without the yellow patch under the eye; but the black.
plumage fprinkled with yellow dots: the tail crimfon, barred with
black, juft as in the Sapplement to my Synop/is.

Fourthly, the yellow patch under the eye compofed of pale ftreaked
feathers: fide tail feathers deep buff yellow, mottled with brown:
fore part of the neck and breaft marked with pale yellow buf cref-
cents.

Fifthly, {tems a compound between the two laft, being both {potted
on the wings, and waved beneath: the tail barred above with crimfon,
and beneath with yellow buff colour.

Pfittacus galeritus, Jud. Orz. i. p. 109. 80.
Crefled Cockatoo, White’s Fourn. tab. p. 237.
IZE of a Dunghill Cock, and two feet three inches in length: the
bill is moderate in fize, and black: the general colour of the plu-
mage white: the orbits covered with feathers, thofe of the forehead
elongated into acreft; they are ten or twelve in number, brimftone
coloured, about feven inches in length, and pointed at the tips 5-
behind this the crown is bare: the tail is even at the end, eight
inches long; the feathers fulphur coloured at the bafe: legs dufky.
This inhabits New South Wales, and is by fome perfons thought
to be only a variety of the effer Wbite Cockatoo, which | find to he
common in China, where it is called Jimg-wos, fignifying the bird
which talks other men’s words.

RAR R OT:
be

Pfittacus varius, Ind. Orv. i. p. 112. 99.—Maerter, Phy/. Arb. i. 2. p. 48.

HIS is a little more than five inches long: the bill and legs
yellowith: the general colour of the plumage varied with brown.
and blue: the cheeks, chin, and throat whitifh: quills and tail duil
brown, with the outer margins blue.
Inhabits South America.

Piittacus fringillaceus, Ind. Orn.icp. 112. 92.—Maert. Phy/. Arb. i. 2% p. 47%

IZE of a Sparrow; length fix inches: bill and legs pale yellow:

general colour green: head blue: cheeks, chin, throat, and a fpot
on. the belly: pale fanguineous; belly itfelf violet: the tail feathers
have the infides and tips yellow.

Inhabits South America.

Pfittacus chorzus, Jad. Ora. i. p. 112. 93.—Molin. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 237-

“HE general colour of this bird isa fine green, beneath cinereous.,

erey, with the tail of a moderate length: the orbits are flefh
coloured,

Inhabits Chi; has the fame manners, and lives on the fame food.

as the Faguilma parrot, and is faid to talk remarkably well,

Pfittacus Gerini, Jzd. Orn. i. p. 119. 112.
Pf. brafil. viridis capite albo. Ger. Orv. i. p. 95. t. 109 _

SIZE and habit of the White-beaded Parrot : bill and legs pale::
head almoft wholly white: body green: leffer wing coyerts, fome: -

of the middle quills, and tail feathers red.
Inhabits Bra/fil.

a

20.
VARIED
1S ee
DsscRIPTION.

PrAce,

21.
SPARROW
12
DeEscRIFTION--

Place. -

22.
CHILI.
ip
DeEscRIPTION.

PLacg,

23.
GERINI’s
Be
DeEscrirrion.

Prace;

2

PILEATED
le

DESCRIPTION.

AS
THECAU
Pe

DESCRIPTION.

PLace.

PEAY RE REO) Te

Pfitt. pileatus; Ind, Orn. i. ps 115. 123.——-Scop, Aun. Hit, Nat. i p. 32. N° 32.
—Gex, Syn. i. p. 294. Note *.

HIS is the fize of a Miféel-Thrufh: bill horn colour, bafe of it
brown: forehead and crown red; cheeks naked: general colour
of the plumage green: guwil//s and tail blue on the outer edges; the
laft yellow at the tip: rump yellow green. ,
M. Scopoli fufpects it may be a variety of the Golden Crowned Pa-
vakeet, yet does not mention whether the tail is even or not at the
end.

Pfittacus cyanolyfeos, Jzd. Orz.i. p. 127. 134.—Molin. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p.235. .

Tis, according to Molina, is larger than a Pigeon: the head,
wings, and tail are green, fpotted with yellow: back, throat,
and belly yellow : tail even at the end.

Inhabits Chili, and known there by the name of Thecauz; is a nume-
rous fpecies, and does much injury to the corn, often flying in vaft
troops, and when fettled, have a centinel on a tree, who gives the
alarm on the approach of any one, from hence it is very difficult
to fhoot. It breeds in the holes of rocks, laying two white eggs in
the moft inacceffible craggy parts ; from the tops of thefe, the inha-
bitants let themfelves down by ropes, to take the eggs and young
birds, which are thought excellent, and fell at a good price, eight
of them fetching about three French fous; if robbed of their young,
they lay a fecond and even a third time, rarely a fourth. It ts
eafily tamed, and learns to fpeak well.

Py A RR OES

Pfittacus vernalis, Id. Orn. i. p. 130. 147.—Mu/. Carl/. fase. ii. 29.

HIS is five inches and a half in length: the bill reddifh: general
colour pale green : wing coverts deep green: quills grafs green:
rump fanguineous: tail above fanguineous, beneath blue: legs pale.
It is uncertain from whence this bird came.

Pfittacus purpuratus, Ind. Orz. i. p. 132-150.
Purple-tailed Parakeet, Gen. Syz. i. p. 315. 121.—Nat. Mi/. i. pl. 16.

SEVERAL of thefe have been brought into England, from Cay-

enne, which differed greatly from each other in fize ; fome of them
had the purple tail feathers green for one fourth of an inch from the
tip, and the two middle feathers dafhed with purple down the
thafts. ;

SIZE of the 4 Coloured Parrot : general colour green in various
fhades, on the bend of the wing, and the thighs fine aurora colour.
Inhabits the internal parts of the Cape of Good Hope, found frequently

at Koks Kraal river, at which place numbers of them come to

drink. |

95

26.
VERNAL
Pe

DESCRIPTION.

27.
PURPLE-
TAILED

P.

DESCRIPTION.

28. |
LEVAILLANT’s
Ps
DiscRirrion.

Prace.

N. HOLLAND
CHANNEL-

BILL.

DESCRIPTION.

C.AUASN NIE je Bal BE.

Genus VIII. CHANNEL-BILL.

ILL large, convex, cultrated, furrowed or channelled on the
fides, with the tip bent.
Nosrxits round, naked, placed at the bafe of the bill.
Toncue cartilaginous, bifid at the end.
Toss placed two before and two behind.
Tait confilting of ten feathers. At prefent we are acquainted with
only one fpecies belonging to this genus. |

Sc. Nove Hollandiz, Ind. Ora. i. p. 141: 1.
Piittaceous Hornbili, PA. Bor. Bay, t. p. 165:
Anomalous Hornbill, White's Fourn. t. p. 142.

HE fize of this bird is nearly that of a Crow, and the total length

is twenty-feven inches: the bill from the gape to the point three
inches and an half, or rather more *; it is very ftout at its bafe, and
curved its whole length; the upper mandible hooked at the point;
the upper part is narrow, ridged, and the fides are channelled; at
the bafe, clofe to the fetting on of the feathers, the noftrils are placed ;
thefe are round, and the edges of them furrounded with a naked red
fkin, which continues on each fide, between them and the eye, and
alfo furrounds the eye itfelf, but the bare parts are moft confiderable
above the eye: the tongue is three-fourths the length of the bill,
thick at the bafe, from thence tothe end flat and cartilaginous, and
bifid at the end: the head and neck are of an afh coloured grey ; the
under parts of the body the fame, but paler: back and wings blueith

* The few I have feen have differed much in the proportionate fize of the bills,
but I donot recolleé any one with fo {mall a bill as inthat figured in White's Journal.

afh

Pl. CXXIV.

ne
fp iy Gi) G
BAe Di
REL Na a;
vt

: BA = = S

eo rae ~

ey aa

Publishd as the Act directs May F0,180s. by Leigh JSotheby & Son Fork Surcet, Covent Garden.

‘
ANS oe

CHANNEL-BIULL

afh colour; the end of each feather tipped with black: the. quills are
much the fame, but darker; and the inner webs, as they approach the
bafe, are very pale. The firft quill feather is fhorter by three inches
and three-fourths than the fecond, and the fecond full an inch fhorter
than the third; which is the longeft of all; and the wings when
clofed, cover full three-fourths of the tail. The tail itfelf is cunei-
form, and confifts of ten feathers, of a deep afh colour; the two
middle feathers are eleven inches long; the outer ones only feven
inches and three quarters. Near the end of allthe feathers is a bar of
black, which takes up moft fpace in the middle ones; the very tips
of all for about an inch, are white: the margins of the inner webs,
from the middle to the bafe, in all but the two mictdle feathers, are
barred black and white; the feathers over the thighs, and the vent
and under tail coverts, barred with the fame, but paler: the legs are
fhort, meafuring from the heel to the toe joint only two inches; the
toes of the fame length, and placed two before and two behind, as
in the Toucan; their colour is blueifh black.

This bird inhabits New Holland, where it is called Goe-re-e-gang ; it
is not very common, and firft appears about Port Fack/on in Offober ;
is feldom feen unlefs mornings and evenings, fometimes feven or
eight together, but oftener in pairs: both on the wing, and when
perched, they make a ftrange loud {creaming noife, not unlike that
made by a common cock and hen, when they perceive a hawk or
any other bird of prey hovering over them. They probabiy come to
this part of New South Weles only to breed, after which they depart
elfewhere in Fanuary, but where is not afcertained. In the crops and
gizzards of feveral, were found the feeds of the red-gum and pepper-
mint trees, which is believed to be their principal food, and fuppofed
to {wallow them all whole, as the pericarpiuni or captule has been
found in the ftomach; exuviz of fome beetles have a}fo been found,
but not in quantity. The tail, which is not far fhort of the length

Suep, II. O of

PLACE,

97

98

CHANNEL-BILL

of the body, is fometimes difplayed like a fan, and gives it on flight,
or when fitting, a very majeftic appearance. The natives know very
little of its habits, haunts, &c. however, they confider its appearance as
an indication of wind and blowing weather, and that its frightful icream
is through fear, as it is not a bird of very active or quick flight. The
pupil of the eye appears uncommonly clear. It cannot eafily be
tamed, for Mr. White obferves, that he kept a wounded one two days
alive, though he could get it to eat nothing, but bit every thing that
approached it very feverely.

HORNBILL é

Genus IX. HORNBILL.

N°. Abyffinian H. N° 3. Indian H.
2. African H. 4. Crimfon H.

Buceros Abyflinicus, Ind: Orn. i. p. 143. 4.—Meyer, Uch. der Neus. Zool,
Entd. S. 117. :

Abba Gumba, Erkoom, Bruce’s Trav. v. 3. p. 102.— & App. t. p. 169.

Abyffinian Hornbill, Gen, Syn. i. p. 347. 4-

HIS is fully defcribed by Mr. Bruce, who fays the total length
is three feet ten inches, breadth fix feet; breadth of extended
wings twenty-two inches: the bill is ten inches long, of which the
horn meafures three inches and an half: the plumage in general is
footy black: the large wing feathers are ten in number, and milk
white: on the neck are feveral protuberances, as in the Turkey Cock,
of a light blue colour, changing red on various occafions: the eye is
reddifh or dark brown; eyelafhes long, efpecially the upper.

This bird is found in Adyfinia, generally among the fields of Taf,
feeding on green beetles, which frequent that plant; it has a putrid
fmell, which has occafioned a fuppofition of its feeding on carrion:
in the eaftern parts it is called 4bba Gumba, but in the language of
Tigré, on the weft fide of the Tacazzi, it is called Erkoom. It has
been feen with eighteen young ones, and runs on the ground for the
moft part, but when raifed flies both ftrong and far.

It builds in large thick trees, and when it can near churches ; hasa
covered neft like that of a magpie, but four times as large as an
eagle's, placing it firm on the trunk, without endeavouring to make
it high from the ground, the entry always on the eaft fide. On the

O2 froaticrs

ie
ABYSSINIAN
H.

DEsCRIPTION.

PLAGE,

Mannera,

100

2p
AFRICAN
H.

3.
INDIAN
H.

4.
CRIMSON
H.

DgacripTion.

HORNBILL

frontiers of Sexnava and Raas el feel, itis called Teir el Naciba, or Bird
of Deftiny.

Buceros africanus, {vd. Orn. i. p. 143) 5.
Der africanifche Hornvogel, Alig. Uch. d. Vog. i. S. 287.—Id. Zufafs. 8. 716.
African Hornbill, Gen. Syx. i. p. 348. 5.

| BECHST. EIN obferves, that Mr. Geoffrey the younger, fup-=
* pofes this and the foregoing to be one and the fame bird *.

Buceros Hydrocorax, Ind. Orn.i. p. 144. 7
Indian Buceros, 4fat. Refearches, vol. iv. ps
Indian Hornbill, Gen. Syx. i. p. 351- 7

[It is obferved in the Afatic Refearches, by Lieutenant Charles White
that the name of this bird is Dhanéfa, that it feeds on the Naw
Vomica, and the fat of it is highly efteemed by the natives.

EITHER the fize of this bird is known, any more than the

place it inhabits: the head feems full of feathers, and a trifle
crefted: the upper part of it even with the eyes, and between them
and the bill black; the reft of the plumage a fine crimfon: acrofs the
back and fhoulders a band of white: the bill is longer from the gape,
than from thence to the back of the head; the colour of it black or
dufky, except at the bafe, where it is furrounded with white, and
juft at this divifion the noftrils are placed; the bill is ftout, running,
to a point at the tip, and a trifle curved for one-third of its length:
the legs are the colour of the bill: the tail is cuneiform, and pretty,
long, as the quills reach juft beyond the bafe of it.

* See dG, d’Hif?. Nat. de Paris, v.i. p.1. his definition is, <* B. niger, remigi-
s* bus majoribus albis, roftro nigro cornu artrorfum aperto, mas gutture rubro, femina:
@ ceruleo.”” :

I met

TOF Ri) NAB £.

I met with this bird among. fome drawings belonging to Mr.
Smith, moft of which were of Indian birds. I am greatly at a lofs
where to place it, for if the drawing is exact, it does not exactly
tally with any of the known fpecies, except the Wreathea Hornbill *
of Dampier, fuppofing the wreathed parts to be fmoothed off, and
in this cafe it has a greater curve at the tip. It feems a curious bird,
but I have not met with any one who has feen an original {pecimen.

* This is well figured in D’Entrecafeux?s Voyage, ii. p. 304. pl, xi-

YOR

AO2

AFRICAN
_ BEEF-EATER.

BEEF-EATER.

-

Genus X BEEF-EATER.

Buphaga Africana, Ind. Orn. i. p. 147. 10
Pic-boenf d’ Afrique, Levazll. Oi/. pl, 97-—Daudin. Orn. il. p. 294. pl. 22.
African Beef-eater, Gen. Syn. i. p. 359. i. tab. 12.

ITHERTO we have heard of this bird only as a native of Senegal;
but M. Levaillant affures us that he has met with it in the
country of the great Namaquas, near Caffraria, and that it coincides
much with the Starling in point of manners, forming itfelf into fmall
troops, of a dozen or more in each, alighting on the backs of oxen,
antelopes, and other quadrupeds, where by preffing the elevated part
of the hide of the animal, containing the larve of the oefrus, it forces
it out, to the great relief of the animal, enjoying itfelf a delicate
repaft. » Befides thefe, the bird is faid to feed on various kinds of in-
fects. It has a fharp kind of cry, by no means approaching to any
thing like what may be termed a fong.

is AOINOT:

Genus XI ANE

Crotophaga varia, Ind. Orn. i. p. 149. 3:
Crotophagus varius indicus, Ger. Orn. ii. p. 54. tab. 192..

HIS is the fize of the Lefer-Aui, and eleven inches in length:
the bill is black, lefs trong than in the common fpecies: head,
fore part of the neck and breaft black : the middle and greater wing
coverts and tail black; the reft of the body fulvous, inclining to
rufous: legs yellow brown. It is not faid from whence this bird
came, but we are informed that it was alive for fome time at Ver

failles, where it went by the name of Indian Pie, and a drawing of it:

fent to Florence, from which M. Gerini copied his figure.

103

VARIEGATED:

ANI.

DESCRIPTION.

“VIOLET
PLANTAIN
E.

DescRIpTION.

PRACE.

PLANTAIN-EATER. e

Genus XI*, PLANTAIN-EATER.

ILL ftout, trianeular, the upper mandible elevated at the bafe
above the crown; both mandibles dentated on the edges.

Nosrtrizs.in the middle of the bill.

ToNnGUE entire, and ftout.

Toes placed three before and one behind.

Mufophaga violacea, Mufafreffer, Schr. der Berl. Gefell. ix. S. 16. taf. 1.
Royal Cuckow, Lew. Mu/: pl. in p. 167? me
HIS curious and hitherto non-defcript bird, is nineteen inches in
length, of which the tail is fix inches and one-third: the bill from
the tip to the gape is one inch and an half, and very fingularly fhaped,
efpecially the upper mandible, being nearly triangular, lofing its at-
tachment at the back part, where it is elevated, and hangs over the
crown; the colour of the bill is yellow, growing red towards the end,
and the edges ot both mandibles are dentated; the tongue not unlike
that of a Parrot in fhape: irides brown: the top of the head is
purple: lore violet: beneath each eye is a line of white; eye-lids
purple: the neck, breaft, and body violet; wings the fame: the
prime quills purple in the middle: toe tail iongif:, cuneiform, ob-
tufe, the fame colour as the quills+: legs duiky biack, and very
ftrong.
This beautiful bird is found on the plains near the borders of rivers,

+ lM. Ifert fays the tail confifts of nine feathers only, which might be the cafe with
his fpecimen, dut as we know no bird in which the tail feathers are not even in nume
ber, I fhould fufpeé& that this bird alfo may have at leaft ten feathers, or even more.

a in

P1.CXXV,

ee jf 4
Nog WeTD in Catn-calede

Publiha as the Act directs May 30. ip. by Leigh Sotieby, & Son. Forks Sieve. overt Garden,

i]
h
4)

‘aisethy 8h:

PLANTAIN-EATER.

in the province of 4era, in Guinea, and is faid to live principally on
the fruit of the plantain}; is very rare, for notwithftanding every
pains he could take, 4, Yert was not able to obtain more than one
fpecimen.

I have ventured to affimilate this with the Royal Cuckow of the
Leverian Mufeum, as it feems to agree in every point, except the dif-
pofition of the toes, which in that figure are placed two before and
two behind. This however may be reconciled, by fuppofing the bird
capable of placing the toes in the two different pofitions, at will, a
circumftance obferved likewife in refpect to the Tauraco: however,
the affertion of MJ. Jert, that the toes were fituated as his figure re-
prefents, ought to weigh with us, efpecially as he feems to be the only
one who profeffes to have feen the bird. ;

+ Muja paradifiaca & fapientum.

Supp, Il. ea ; iw

105

106 CR Ow

Gewnvus XIII. CRO W.

Ne i. Raven. N® 16. Alpine Cr.
2. South Sea R. 16. Red-legeed Cr.
3. Carrion Crow, 17. Hermit Cr.
4. Rook. 18. Shert-tailed Cr. Var.'G.
s. Hooded Cr. 19. Biack-faced Cr.
6. White-breafted Cr. - a0. Caledonian Cr.
4. Jackdaw. 21. Variable Cr.
~ 8. Steller’s Cr. 22. Blue and White Cr.
g. Blue Cr. 23. Black and White Cr.
to. Cinereous Cr. 24. White-cheeked Cr.
11. Rufous Cr. 25. Rufous-bellied Cr.
72. Red-billed Cr. 26. Changeable Cr.
13. Magpie. 27. Wattled Cr.
14. Senegal Cr.

Corvus Corax, Ind. Orz. 1. p. 150. 1.

carnivorus, Barir, Trav, p. 286.

calvus feu Loripes, Ger. Orn. 2. tab. 143. Var.
Corvus clericus, Muf Carl pl. 2. Var.

Grand Corbeau, Levaill. Of. pl. 51.—Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 224. 1.
The common Raven, Ge. Syz. i. p. 367. 1.

{-
RAVEN.

DsscrrPTioN. HE one figured by M. Sparrman, in the Muf. Carlf. differed
from the common fpecies, merely in having the chin white.

This fpecies is found in Egypt ; a few {mall flocks appearing about

Rofetta in February only. ‘Thefe mix freely with the flocks of Crows,

remaining on the ground with them, round inhabited places *. It has

® Sennini’s Trav. (Engl. ed.) 2. p. 239 - b
cen

Cy R10. W,

been obferved to me +, that a female raven weighs two pounds ten
ounces, but the egg fearcely feven drams, fo that forty-eight of them
would only make up the weight of the bird. The egg of the Cuckow
is lefs difproportionate, requiring only thirty-eight to equal the parent
in weight.

Levaillant found that ef which he gives a figure, in Saldanha Bay, at
the Cape of Good Hope, where it not unfrequently unites in large flocks,
attacking young antelopes, and likewife killing them: that the
male and female are generally tegether, making the neft in the clefts
of rocks, as well as in old buildings. This is certainly a variety only
of our Raven, differing roerely in being bigger, and the bill a trifle more
bent.

Var. C. - Corax Cruciroftra, Corbeau Bee croifé, Daud. Orz. ii. p. 226.

HIS is only a variety, with the two mandibles croffing each
other; an accidental circumftance merely, and which is not unfre-
quently feen in other birds.

Corvus albicollis, fd. Orn. i. p. 151. 3.

Corbeau Vautourin, Lewail. Oif: pl. 50.--Daudin. Orn, ii. p. 227. pl. xiv.
Corvus torquatus, Spalow/e. Vog. 3. tab. 10.

Akind of Raven, Bruce’s Trav. App. p. 152.

South Sea Raven, Gex. Syn. Sup. p: 75.

R. Levaillant is certain that it is a diftin@ fpecies; he obferves,
that it is rather lefs than a Raven, and is eighteen inches in
length, with a cuneiform tail, and the wings are three inches longer :
it is flrongly characterifed by a white patch at the nape of the neck,
added to a white mark feparating the fides of this white patch, and
encircling the neck; this ftripe is itfelf not very apparent, being

4 Colonel Montagu.
Bia formed

107

Pracr.

z.
SOUTH SEA
R.

Descriptions

108

Placg,

3:
CARRION
CROW.

CR OW.

formed by a fingle row of white feathers, or rather half white, the _
outer border being only vifible: the feathers of the throat are forked ;
the beards extending beyond the fhafts, and lefs black than the reft of
the plumage: irides brown or hazel.

Mr. Levaillant found this every where in his 4/rican travels, but
particularly among the great Namaquas, and in S warte-Land, but lefs
common at the Cape of Good Hope itfelf. The female is lefs than the
male; the white on the neck lefs extended, the black lefs glofly,
more inclined to brown: it is a bold bird, attacking young lambs and
antelopes, alfo feeding on carrion.

I obferved a figure of this among Mr. Bruce’s drawings; the bill
elevated not unlike that of the 4i : fhoulders of the wings brownifh:
tip of the bill white. Mr. Levaillant thinks it a link between the
Crow and Vulture, and that it is not a bird of pafiage.

Corvus Corone, Ind. Orn. i. p, 151. 4.—Sepp. Vog. 3. t. 15.
Corvus maritimus, Rook, Bartram’s Trav. p. 286?
Corneille Corbine, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 228.—Hi?. Prov. i. p. 486.
Carrion Crow, Gez. Syz.i- p. 370. 3-
HE manners of this fpecies are well known ; Bae a fingular anec-
dote of one of thefe has come to my knowledge, attefted by Mr.
Edwards. In March 1783, a Crow was obferved to build a neft on
the vane of the top of the Exchange at Newca/fle, and the more re-
markable, as the fpindle on which the neft was conftructed, being
fixed to the vane, rnoves with it, and it appeared very fingular to view
it in windy weather, when the neft in courfe turned round to every
point of the compafs. A fmall copper-plate was engraven with a
reprefentation of the circumftance, of the fize of a watch paper; and
fo pleafed were the inhabitants with ir, that as many of them were
fold as produced to the engraver the fum of ten pounds.
Birds of the Crow genus are ; faid to be fo numerous about 4fra-

chaHy

Cy ROOF W.

chan, that could any one find out the means of deftroying them, it
would be doing very great fervice.

Corvus frugilegus, Zvd. Orn, 1. p. 158. 5.—Sepp. Vor. 3. tab. 103.—Bartram. Trav.
p- 286? j

Corneille du Cap, Lewaill. Oif. ii. p. 11. N° 52.

Corneille Freux, Daud. Orn. il. p. 229.

Rook, Gen. Syz. i, p. 372+ 4¢ Ree

T is faid that. there are no Rooks in the ifland of Ferfey, although
crows and magpies are not unfrequent; nor is it certain that Fays
inhabit that ifland*; yet we are certain that Rooks migrate into France
from this country.. This fpecies is apt to vary in colour, like the Crow,
as two white ones are mentioned by Mr. White, in his Hiftory of
Selbornet. . .. \ . .
Mr.. Levaillant met with thefe at the Cape of Good Hope, but ob-
ferves, that they ,differ only in the noftrils not being bare of feathers,
as oblerved in Europe. ‘This probably arifes from fome difference in
their manner of feeding, for the young Rooks have the noftrils well
covered with briftles, and in proportion as they root with their bills
into the ground, the briftles are rubbed off, and at laft the roots them-
felves are deftroyed, the noftrils remaining bare for ever after.

Corvus Cornix, Ind. Orn. i. p. 193. 7.—-Sepp. Vog. 3. tab. 106.
Corneille manteléc, Daud. Orn. ii. p. 231.
Hooded Crow, Gen. Syn. i. p. 153. 5.

HIS fpecies changes place according to the feafon in this country,
breeding in the more northern parts; I do not hear of their
doing fo more fouthward than Northumberland; they approach the
fouth about the middle of Oéfober, are common in the fummer about

* Col. Montagu. + Pe 4z.
the.

109

Placs

HOODED.
CR,

bo)

6.
WHITE-
BREASTED
CR.

DescripTion.

Ne
JACKDAW.

Cc R. O W.

the Highlands of Scotland, where they breed on all forts of trees ; are
indifcriminate feeders, living on both carrion and fhell fith, alfo will
eat at times Cranberries, and other mountain berries. I have alfo
been informed, that in the ftomach of one were found feveral {mall
fhells and horfe beans.

Corvus dauuricus, Ind. Orn. i. p. 154. 8.

Corneille 4 fcapulaire blanc, Lewaill. Oi/ il. p. 14. pl. 53.
Corvus {capulatus, Corneille a fcapulaire, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 233.
White-breafted Crow, Gen. Syz. 1. p. 3.76. 6. pl. 15.

HIS is figured in the Planches Enluminées, but the wings are

there too fhort, for they reach three-fourths of the way on the
tail: the female is fmaller than the male, and the colours lefs vivid:
are found at the Cape of Good Hope in plenty; make the neft in trees
or bufhes not well cloathed with leaves, and lay five or fix green
egos fpotted with brown. The Hottentots hold this. bird and fome
others of the crow kind in great eftimation, being of fingular ufe in
picking out infects from the backs of oxen, with which they are
fometimes fo covered as to be in danger of lofing their lives. In
one of thefe, fuppofed to have come from China, I obferved the belly
and under parts to be black, and I have no doubt of its being found
in Abyfinia, as 1 obferved a figure of one among the drawings of
Mr. Bruce.

Corvus Monedula, Jad. Orxz. i, p- 154. 11.—-Sepp. Vog. 3. ts 115.
Choucas commun, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 233.
Jackdaw, Gex. Syn.i. p. 378. 9.—Id. Supp. p.78-
I Have obferved that this bird will frequently make the neft in
rabbit burrows, and in the Je of Ely, for want of ruined edifices,
in which it moft delights to build, it fometimes makes the
6 nett

c R O W.

neft in the chimnies; On an occafion of this fort, a fire was once
lighted on a hearth below, which had not been ufed for fome time,
at laft the materials of the neft above took fire, and were in fuch
quantity, that it was with the greateft difficulty that the houfe itfelf
could be preferved from the flames.

Corvus Stelleri, Ind. Orn. i. p. 158. 20.

Pica glandaria cerulea, &c. Bartr. Trav. p. 170;
Geai de Steller, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 248.

Steller’s Crow, Gen. Syz. i. p. 387. 21.

judge this to be the one mentioned in Bartram’s Travels, of an

azure blue colour; no creft or- tuft of feathers on the head ; faid
not to be fo large as the blue Fay of Virginia, but equally clamorous;
found in clumps and -coverts in the fpace between the lower trading
houfe and Rock Point.

Dr. Pallas mentions it as being fiat by Mr, Steller, when Bering’s
erew landed upon America.

Corvus cyanus, Ind Orn. i. p. 159. 21.
La Pie bleue & téte noire, Levarl). Off ii. p..28. pl. 58.—Daudin. Orn. ii,
p- 236.

Corvus cyanus, blue Magpie, Pall. Trav. iii. p. 694.—Gen. Syn. i. p. 394.-

30.

THIs fpecies migrates from the Mongolian Defarts and: China,
only into that part of the Ruffian dominions which lies to the
fouth of Lake Baikal. The figure in Levaillant’s work feems to have

the feathers of the hind head elongated into a pointed ‘creft, and the

whole of the head below the eyes and the chin black: the body is
blue grey beneath, more blue above, wings and tail fine blue: tips
of the fecond quills white: tail very long and cuneiform, con-

fitting:

QIt

8.
STELLER’S
CR.

DescRIPTION,.

9:
BLUE:
CR,.

DeEscripTiony.

Io.
CINEREOUS
CR.

DeEscrRiprion.

Tr.
RUFOUS
CR.

Descriprion.

12.
RED-BILLED
CR.

DuzscripTion.

CROP. Ww.

fifting of twelve feathers, all of them white at the ends; bill and legs
black. ‘This came from China, but Mr. Levaillant is not aware or
is filent in refpect to its being the one mentioned by Dr. Pallas.

Corvus Canadenfis, Ind. Orn. i. p. 160. 23.
Geai du Canada, Daud. Orn. il. p. 250.
Cinereous Crow, Gen. Syn. 1. p. 389. 23.
HE weight of this bird is two ounces and a half; iength ten
inches and a half; breadth fifteen inches: faid to live among the
pines of America; in pairs at all times of the year; are detefted by the
natives: the young fly in May.

Corvus rufus, Jd. Orn. i. p. 161. 28.
Pie roufle, Zevarll. O:/. ii. p. 31. pl. 59.——-Daud. Orn. il. p. 245.
Rufous Crow, Gen. Syxz. Supp. p. 84. :
HIE length of this in Levaillant’s plate is nearly eleven inches :
head and neck afh colour: back, fcapulars, rump and belly
rufous; the two laft pale, inclining to orange: middle of the wing
greyifh white: quills black, and reach juft beyond the bafe of the
tail, which ‘is long and cuneiform, the general colour of it pale grey ;
the ends of the feathers black, more fo in proportion as the feathers
are outward, fo that the two middle ones are grey nearly the whole
of their length; at the end of each a rufous grey fpot: bill greyifh
horn colour: legs yellowifh, faid to come from Bengal.

Corvus erythrorynchos, Ind. Orz. i. p. 161. 29.
La Pie blene, Levarll. Oi/: ii. p. 24. pl. 57.—Dandin. Ora. ii. p. 240. t. 15.
Red-billed Jay, Ge. Syz. 1. p. 390. 24.

HE defcription in the Gen. Synopfis of birds, gives every idea of

the bird fufficient to difcriminate it from others of its genus ;
but

CR O W.

but in refpect to the tail feathers, they are faultily expreffed in the
Pl. Enluminées, for inftead of being as there reprefented, of a mode-
rate length, and fcarcely more than rounded in fhape at the end,
the faét is, that the tail is full half as long again as the whole of the
reft of the bird; this we can teftify from a fine fpecimen in the
Leverian Mujfeum, ia which the tail is fully as cuneiform in its fhape
as in the Magpie; each of the feathers being blue, with the ends black,
and ultimately marked with an oval fpot of white at the tip. Mr.
Levaillant alfo has remarked the fame circumftance,

Corvus Pica. Ind. Orz.i. p. 162. 32.
Pie commune, Daud. Ora. ii. p. 237.—Hi?. Prov. i. p. 487.—Hif. Alepp. p. 69.
Magpie, Gen. Syn. i. p. 392. 29.—Id. Sup. p. 80.

T has been obferved, that no greater numbers of this bird are

. feen than in the temperate and fouthern latitudes of Rufia; it is
common all over Sibiria, and even in Kamtfchatka ; it was met with
alfo in the adjacent iflands by Steller.

In Clayton's account of Virginia, it is obferved that neither Fackdaw
nor Magpie are there, and that they prize a Magpie full as much
as we do the Red Bird. Many varieties of this bird have been
noticed, and others continually fall under obfervation; I obferved at
the late Mr. Charles Boddam’s, of Bull’s Cro/s, one of a dun colour, with
white wing coverts: breaft and belly white ; this was eleven years old.

One fhot at lord Temple’s at Stow, now in the Leverian Mufeum,
is almoft white, longitudinally ftreaked with black: tail white,
ftreaked with black at the ends; added to thefe, a magpie’s neft was
found fome years fince in Somerfet/bire, in which were four young,
three of them had the bills white ; the reft of the body, tail, and degs
cream colour: the fourth of the natural colour.

Supp. II. Q%

113

114
14!
SENEGAL
CR.

PLAGE.

PLACE.

Cc RO W.

Corvus Senegalenfis, Jud. Orz.i. p. 163. 33.
Le Piapiac, Levaill. Of ii. p. 17. pl. 54.—Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 239.
Senegal Crow, Gen. Syn. i. p. 394. 31.

THIS a4 Levaillant found in Africa, far diftant from the great

Namaquas ; it agrees with that in P2. Enluminées, 538, but has
a far longer tail. Mr. Levaillant called it from its cry, which is
truely expreffive of its name; it perches on high trees, fometimes
twenty together: the males have the longeft tail, more graduated
than in the European Magpie, than which it is more flender. It
builds on the tops of high trees, defends the neft entirely with thorns,
only leaving one opening; lays from fix to eight white eggs, marked
with fome fpots of brown, biggeft at the laree end; is feen in the
inward parts of the Cape of Good Hope, but rarely if ever at the Cape
itfelf Mr. Zewaillant mentioned a fingularity in one of the tail
feathers having two fhafts coming out of one quill, one of them
entirely without webs, but whether a mere /u/us nature, or common
to the fpecies in general, he had not an opportunity of obferving.

Corvus Pyzrkocorax, Ind. Ora. i. p. 165.

Crave des Alpes, Daudin. Orn ii. p. 252.—La Peiroufe, neue Schay. Abb. B, 3.
S. 104. .

Alpine Crow, Gez. Syz. i. p. 381, 11.

A Peiroufe obferves, that this fpecies is found in the higheft
Pyrenean Alps, defcending at the end of the year into the vallies
and meadows. The diftinguifhing charaéter by no means to be
drawn from the colour of the legs, as they differ at different ages,
for in fome they are black, in others orange coloured, and in old
birds quite crimfon: the colour of the plumage is dufky black : the
bilt

© R.G: W.

bill is yellow, and bent, but not eoitedia as in the Gornifh Chough or
Hermit Crow.

Corvus Gracolus, Jd. Ora. i. p. 165. 41-
Crave Coracias, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 253.
Red-legged Crow, Gez. Syn. i. D. 401. 39+

ASSELQUIST obferved this bird in the fields of lower Egypt
during the months of September and Ofober ; faid ta be common
about all high rocks of the fouth latitude of Sidiria, alfo about Mount
Caucafus, and the mountains of Perf Hes and that in the firft year the
bill and legs are black.
The eggs are longer than thofe of the Fackdaw, of a cinereous
white, marked with irregular dufky blotches,

Corvus Eremita, Ind. Orn. i. p. 166. 42.
Crave huppé, ou Sonneur, Daudin. Orn. il. p. 254.
Der Alpen Rabe, WN. G. Deut/ch. B. z. S. 470. taf. xvii.
Wood Crow from Switzerland, Borow/k. Nat: pl. 71. 5. B.
Hermit Crow, Gen. Syz. i. p. 403. 41.

HE figure in Borow/ki’s work, which feems to been taken from

Albin, is bare about the head, end the creft begins at the nape,

continuing to the lower part of the neck, falling off to nothing at
top and bottom, but the feathers of it very long in the middle of
the neck: the eye is furrounded with black.

The figure in Gerini’s work is faid to be this bird, but it feems
to have a longer bill, and no doubt ought rather to be referred to the

Cornifo Chough.
Turdus trioftegus, Mu/. Carl/. Fa/c. iv. tab. 84,

JN this the bill is yellowifh, with brown edges: the head and nape
rufty green, with three longitudinal black ftreaks: the upper

Q2 parts

11

16.
RED-LEGGED
CR.

PLracs;

17.
HERMIT

°

DEsCRIPTION.

18.
SHORT-
TAILED
CR.
Var. G.
DEScRIPTION.

116

19.
BLACK-FACED
CR.
DrscRIPTLON.

Placz.

20.
€CALEDONIAN
CR.

DESCRIPTION,

CR Giew.

parts of the body and wings green for the moft part: fhoulders,
rump, and tail greenifh blue: the greater wing coverts and quills
black, on the latter a bar of white: throac, breaft, belly, thighs, and
Jegs pale ruft colour: vent rofe colour, inclining to white under the
tail, which is very fhort, and moftly black, with the end of a glofly
blue.

MM. Thunberg is faid to have brought this variety from fome of the
Foaft India Mlands: fize of our Var. C.

GIZE of a Jay: bill flout and black; tongue rounded at the end:
the face and throat black: the plumage on the upper parts is
blueifh afh colour for the moft part; beneath paler: quills blackith,
with pale edges: tail fix inches and a half long, and dufky brown,
all but the two middle feathers tipped with white: legs dufky blue.
Inhabits Mew Holland, where it is called Kai-a-lora; faid to bea
bird of prey. Iam obliged to Mr. Lambert for the above defcrip-
tion; among his drawings I likewife obferved another which had a
ftouter bill; the head black much beyond the eyes, and the plumage
rather of a darker hue, and the tail feathers not tipped with white.

Magpie of New Caledonia, D’Extrecafteux’s Voy. ii. p. 226. pl. 35.

ENGTH twenty inches: head black, feathers of it filky and
diftiné&t, round the eye fomewhat bare; all the neck white, and
in the middle of the belly a little of the fame: the general colour of
the plumage otherwife black: the bill is black and ftout, the end of
it for one third yellowifh, and flightly notched: tail very cuneiform,
the two middle feathers el¢ven inches long, the next on each fide nine,
diminifhing regularly to the outer ones, which meafure no more than,
three inches and a half: legs dufky.
Inhabits

Ca Rk OFF W:

Inhabits the woods of New Caledonia. I faw a fpecimen of this
at Mr. Thompfon’s, Little Saint Martin’s Lane.

HIS is a large fpecies, but the true fize not certain, as the
drawing from whence this defcription is taken did not identify
it: the bill is ftrong, feemingly lefs than in the Crow, though cha-
racteriftic of that genus: the plumage dufky brown, with reflections of
blue and reddifh in different lights: bill and legs black.
This was met with in New Holland, and was the only one of its
kind feen there. Mr. Lambert.

HIS fpecies is fmaller than a magpie: bill and legs dufky brown:

irides brown: from the middle of the crown, the nape, back of

the neck to the middle of the back, the greater part of the wings,

and the end of the tail for one third, of a deep blue; the reft of the
plumage white: quills towards the ends brown.

Inhabits New South Wales; known by the name of Karrock. It

feems much allied to the Thrufh genus, as it has not any briftles

covering the bafe of the bill; it is efteemed a rare fpecies.

HIS is about twenty inches in length: the bill and legs dufky
black: irides blueifh: the chin’ and throat, the middle of the
greater quills, the rump, vent, and middle of all but the two centre
tail feathers, are white: the reft of the plumage black.
Inhabits New South Wales; probably changes place in different
feafons, as it is chiefly met with in May.

117
Pace.
21.
VARIABLE
CR.

DeEscRIPTION:

Prace.

22.
BLUE AND
WHITE
CR.
DeEscrRIPTION,

Place.

23.
BLACK AND
WHITE
CR,

Descaiprion.

PLacE.

¥138
BAe
WHITE-
CHEEKED
CR.
DescRievion:

PLACE,

20.
RUFOUS-
BELLIED

CR.
DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

Bo Re Ov Wes

IZE uncertain: bill dufky; legs pale: the head is tufted, or rather

fuller of feathers than the reft of the body, and is, as well as the
neck, breaft, and belly, black: the feathers of the chin and breaft
margined with white ; on the ear a white patch: back, wings, and tail
olive green: quills dull ruft colour: the fhape of the tail cunciform ;
the outer feathers tipped wich white. ;

Inhabits New Holland, and at firft fight feems to refemble fomewhat
the White-eared Fay, but differs in not having the forehead whitifh,
nor does the white patch come fo near the eye as in that bird; be-
fides, the fhape of the tail is cuneiiorm in the prefent defcribed, but
in the White-eared Fay it is fimply rounded at the end.

La Pie A culotte de peau, Lewarll. Oi/- ii. p. 20. pl. 55.

HIS is about the fize of a Blackbird, but differs in having a

cuneiform tail, which is half as long again as the bird: the
whole of the plumage is glofly black, with a tinge of blue in fome
lights ; but the feathers of the belly, thighs, and vent, are of a fleth
colour, or pale rufous, and the vent rather inclines to brown: the
bill and legs are black.

This bird is figured from one in the collection of M. Ray de Breu-
kelerward, of Amfterdam, and {aid to have been brought from one of
the South Sea ifles. It feems to have fome affinity to the Senegal Crow,
from its fhape and cuneiform tail: the bill is not fo ftrong in pro-
portion as in the Magpie, but more approaching to that of the
Thrufhes. In this fingle fpecimen, were obferved only eight feathers
in the tail, and onthe moft minute inveftigation, no traces of more
could be found ; if it be really the cafe with others of the fame fpecies,
as may be known hereafter, it is, we believe, a fingular occurrence, as
although frequently more, we do not at prefent know any bird which
has fewer than ten feathers in its tail.

& RG wy.
*.
Le Temia, Levaill. Oi/: ii. p, 22. pl. 56.
HIS is about the fize of our Song Thrufh in the body, but rather
longer in proportion: the Berean colour of the plumage is
black, and the texture of the feathers fine, delicate and foft; but
thofe round the bafe of the bill, as far as the eye and chin, are ftiff
and fhort, appearing more like black velvet, and thofe on the reft
of the body, in different reflections of light, are gloffed with green
and purple; thofe of the tail above, feem gloffed with green, the
four middle ones wholly fo, but the others only on the outer webs;
the tail is greatly cuneiform, and contains ten feathers; the four
middle ones or longeft are of equal length, and longer than the reft
of the body; the others leffen till the outer ones are very fhort:
the bill and legs are black, and perhaps may be allied to the Crow
genus, howerchs the bill in fhape is greatly fimilar to that of the
Beefeater, and the bird may not unlikely be poffeffed of the fame
manners.
This was fent from Batavia, to Mr. Temminck, of Amfferdam, but
it is by no means certain that this was its native country.

Pie a pendeloques, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 246. pl. xvi.

ENGTH fifteen inches: bill black, flender, and a little elon-
gated: the general colour of the plumage brownifh grey: the
feathers at the top of the head and neck edged with whitifh; onthe
cheeks a little downy, at the bottom of whiclr arifes a cylindrical
caruncle, ten lines in length, hanging on each fide of the neck; throat
white; fore part of the neck, and under parts of the body dirty white,
the’ riddle of each feather’ dafhed with brownifh : on the middle of
the’ bélly’a pateh' of ‘fine yellow: quills tipped with white: tail
greatly cuneiform,’ each feather tipped with white: legs greyifh
yellow’; claws brownifh grey, fharp, crooked, and ftrong.
Inhabits New Zealand.

119
26.
CHANGEABLE
CR.

DESCRIPTION..

Places.

27.
WATTLED
CR.

DEscriPTion,

Pracs.

120

Te
BENGAL
R.
Var.

DescRIPTION.

PLACE.

Ze
DOCILE
R.

DeEscRIPTION.

Revo! Te Es Re

EA NEES! PODYO MN RGAE, Va Re

N’ 1. Bengal R. N° 5. Piping R.
2. Docile R. 6. Crimfon R,
3. Noify R. 7. Hairy R.
4. Striated R, 8. Red-breafted R.

Cor. Bengalenfis, Ind. Orxz. i. p. 168. 2. Var.
Rollier tacheté, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 258.

SIZE of the Common Roller; \ength thirteen inches: bill black ;
head rufous, with a whitifh mixture in the face: the general colour
of the plumage is rufous, tinged with dirty green on the back, and
inclining to red beneath, marked with a longitudinal white ftripe on
each feather: wings dull pale green: quills fky blue: tail rufous
brown, pretty long, and the feathers of equal lengths: legs dufky.
A fpecimen of this bird isin the Mufeum at Paris, brought from Sene-
gal, by M. Geoffroy de Villeneuve. \t has been alfo killed in Caffraria
by Mr. Levaillant. It is probably a young bird of the Bengal Roller.

Coracias docilis, Ind. Orn. i. p. 172. 17.—S. G. Grell, It. iii. po 378. t. 42.—
Daud. Orn. ii. p. 266.

HE fize of a Fackdaw: bill and legs ae, the bill is rather
bent, feathered on the fides, and the under part at the bafe covered
with white feathers: eyes black, round them dull grey, behind and
beneath them whitifh, with a flight mixture of red; the upper parts
of the head, neck, and breaft are much the fame; belly and vent
chefnut

RO Bret ke: Re

chefhut brown: the nine firft quills are half white half black; the
reft wholly black: tail black, with the tip white.

Inhabits Pev/ia, and has obtained its name from imitating words and
actions of thofe around, fuch as crying, laughing, and fuch like.

Coracias ftrepera, Ind. Orn. 1. p. 173. 21-
Reveilleur de L?Ifle Norfolk, Daud. Orz.1i. p. 267.
Corvus graculinus, White-vented Crow, White's Journ. Bat. Bay, tab. p. 251.

E NGTH nineteen inches; fize fomewhat bigger than a 7ack-

daw: bill two inches and three quarters long, curved at the
point, with a flight notch at the very tip; colour black; noftrils
elongated, oval: the irides are orange: the general colour of the
plumage is black; the feathers about the head fhort and tiff: the
firft quill feather is half the length of the fifth, which is the longeft of
all; the firft fix quills are white at the bafe, producine when clofed
a white patch on the wing : vent, and bafe of all the tail feathers white:
the tail is eight inches long, even at the end, and the feathers pointed
at the tips, marked on the inner web with white, except the two
middle ones, which are wholly black ®: the wing when clofed
reaches more than half way on the tail: the legs ate ftrong, feathered
rather below the heel; hind toe very large and ftrone.

This fpecies is very numerous at Norfolk Yland, and is very cla-
morous, efpecially of nights ; called a Magpie by our failors, perhaps
ton account of the colours, added to the fimilarity of voice. Itis a
very foolifh bird, running after any perfon, and fuffering itfelf to be
knotked down with a ftick.

‘® In the engraved coloured plate of this bird, in White's Fourzal, all the tail fea-
thers have white ends, whereas the two middle ones are black the whole of their

Jength.

Supp, IL R

ve
NOISY
R.

DescrrYe rion,

PLAcE;

122

4.
STRIATED
R.

DEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

Se
PIPING
R.
DESCRIPTION.»

Place.

6.
CRIMSON
R

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

ROL LE R.

ENGTH fifteen inches: bill flefh colour; tongue briftly at the
end: plumage on the upper parts olive green, marked on the
back with fine ftreaks of black, inclining to afh colour on the cheeks :
the under parts of the body white ftreaked with black: leffer wing
coverts black, edged with pale crey ; the reft, as well as part of the
quills, are pale grey, almoft white: quills black: tail pale afh colour,.
and pretty long: legs black.
Inhabits New South Wales.

HIS bird is eighteen or nineteen inches long: bill two inches:
or more, ftraight, except at the point of the upper mandible,
which is bent; the colour blue, the tip black: general colour of
the plumage deep black, except the nape, wing coverts, and fome of
the greater quills at the bafe, rump, vent, and bafe of all the tail
feathers for two-thirds of the length, which are white, but the end of
the tail is black, as is the whole of the outer feather on-the outer
web: legs dufky flate colour.
Inhabits New South Wales, where it is known by the name of
Tarra-war-nang; it has a foft note, not unlike the found of a well-
toned flute; it preys often on {mall birds.

‘Crimfon Roller, Lew. Mu/. tab. in p. 63.

1ZE of a Crow: bill red: the whole plumage crimfon, inclining ~
to pompadour red, but fomewhat deeper: the tail is even at the
end, of the fame colour as the reft.of the plumage, but darker ; ‘the

under part of it dufky black; quills of this laft colour: legs dufky.
This moft beautiful fpecies inhabits Cayenne ; a fine {pecimen is in the
colletion of Mr. Martyu, of Great Marlborough Street ; that from
eh: S which.

RO 7b sie ro RR.

which the figure in the Leverian Mufeum was engraven, was taken
from a painting in the collection of the late M. G. D’Orcy, commu-
nicated by Colonel /VYoodford: this feems to differ in fome degree,
for the feathers of the crown are elongated, fo as to make ft appear
fomewhat crefted, and the quills and tail are faid to be wholly
black.

"THE bill and legs in this bird are dufky blue; the whole of the
neck, breaft, and belly teftaceous brown, ftreaked with white,
and the feathers rather loofe and elongated: back and wing coverts
green brown, edged with blue and changeable red: quills deep blue:
tail long, even at the end, and like the quills in colour: above the
eyes a ftreak of white, and beneath them a dark one.
A drawing of this bird is in the collection of Colonel Woodford.

Red-breafted Roller, Lew. Muy. tab. in ps 199.

TH IS is nearly the fize of a Common Crow: the bill is ftrong and

- black: the general colour of the plumage is alfo black, flightly
glofied with blue on the back and wings: the fore part of the neck
and breaft are bright fcarlet, inclining to crimfon, changing to ferru-
ginous at the lower part: the tail confifts of twelve feathers, and is
lightly cuneiform: legs black.

The above defcription taken from a fpecimen in the collection of
the late Mr. Bailey, dealer in curiofities in the Haymarket, who
informed me that it came from South America.

R2

123

7.
HAIRY
R.
Discriprion,

8.
RED-
BREASTED
R.

DeEscRIPTION.

PrLace.

I.
CHESNUT and
BLACK
OR.

DascxiPTion.

ManNeERs,

O'R. 1, (Omir:

«Genus XV. ORIO LE.

N°r. Chefnut and Black Or. © N° 4. Golden Or. ‘
2. Leffer Bonana Or.. 5. Carthagena Or.
3. Olive Or.

Oriolus caftaneus, Jud. Orn. i. p. 181. 250.
Carouge varié, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 3346.
Chefnut and Black Oriole, Gen. Syn. il. p, 437+ 24-

-N a letter. from Mr. 4b07; of. Geoegia, in America, he obferves;

“ the Chefnut and Black Oriole is not common in thefe parts ; the
<¢ bird you defcribe as its hen, I efteem another fpecies; but con-
“€ fidering what you remark about the Ba/timore and other young
© birds, I believe it to be a young cock of the fecond fummer ;
“they fing loud, and but little different from your No. 24:
“the fize, colour, bill, and legs agree, and the fpots and. fhades.
cc differ in different birds, having all the appearance of moulting
“and becoming like the former, but the hen is quite a different
“‘ bird, having no chefnut about her: the young birds are all like
«¢ hens, which is the cafe with feveral of this country.”

The neft is built in the beginning of Magy, in the fork of the top-
fprigs of Sweet Gum, curioufly woven with the fmali twigs of a
plant like green hay, and lined with wool: the eggs are of a very pale
or whitifh blue, marked or ftreaked round the larger end_ with dark
brown.

I very much rely on the opinion of Mr. or, who is an excellent
obierver, and am inclined to think from what he fays, as well as
what has bgen hinted to me from my fitend General Davies, that.

thele.

Om FO i, ES

thefe birds vary exceedingly before they arrive at mature plumage,
for in one pointed out by this laft gentleman to me as a female,
the chin and throat were black: head mottled green and black, in
the manner of the Pewit Gull, before its final change into deep
black: wings brown, with a rufous bar: under parts of the body
pale yellow, but the middle of the belly inclined to rufous: the tail
dark olive green, with the twa middle feathers nearly black.

Oriolus Xanthorus, Ind. Orn. i. p. 181. 26.
Carouge cul jau n, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 384.
Leffler Bonana Bird, Gez. Syz. ii. p. 438. 25.

TJ F the bird figured by Briffon, and that of Edwards be the fame,

the laft is by much the biggeit, as appears by the Leverian Mu-
feum, which contains fpecimens of beth. In Briffon’s bird the lore
and chin only are black, but in that of. Edwards, the fore part of
the head, chin, throat, and the wing coverts have a large portion
of white: the yellow parts in Briffon’s bird are very full and bright,
but in that of Edwards, of a greenifh yellow.

Oriolus olivaceus, Izd. Orn. i. p. 186, 41. Var.
IGerus caftaneus, Troupiale chatain, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 353.
Cayenne Olive Oriole, Gen. Sy. il. p. 447- 39-

SIZE of the Olive Oriole: bill black: head, neck, and general
colour of the plumage fine velvet black: throat, breaft, belly,
back, rump, -and vent fine gloffy chefnut: belly and thighs dufky :.
wings and tail black: greater wing coverts tipped with white, form-

ing a tranfverfe band of that colour: legs black.
The female is of a colour lefs deep, inclining to. brown above, and

to rufous beneath, with the vent feathers grey.

M. Daudin received the above from Cayenne, with the Olive
Oriole,

125

Fa
LESSER
BONANA
OR.

DESCRIPTION.

3.
OLIVE
OR.
Var.

DgscripTion.

4
GOLDEN
OR.

Se
CARTHAGENA
OR.

DascriPTioNne

Brace.

OR TO LL E.

Oriole, to which it feems to be allied at leaft, if not that bird in any
of its changes of plumage: faid to make the neft of a plain rounded
hemifpherical fhape, of dried roots and fibres, and commonly many
nefts are found on the fame tree.

Oriolus Galbula, Iza. Orn. i. p. 186. 45.
Galbula Aldrov. Ger. ‘Ora. iii. t. 307. 308. 309.
Golden Oriole, Nat. Mic. viii. pl. 285.—Ger. Syn. ii. p. 449. 43.—Id. Sup. p. 89.

IN Sepp’s plate, the neft feems compofed of pale mofs mixed with

feathers, and faftened round the divarication of a bifid branch.
In the firft plumage the males and females refemble each other: they
feem to inhabit the greater part of the old continent; Ruel *
found them at Aleppo, in autumn, where they are ufed as food ;
Sonnini + obferved them migrating through Egypf, and in doing this
they take up fifteen days, during which they are caught for food ;
is certainly the Mango Bird of India, as Mr. Macneil { found it in
great plenty in the ifland of Salt, and fays the notes are plaintive
and melodious, though fimple: it is probably the bird called at
Malabar by the name of Magnakii ; faid to be entirely yellow, except
the wings, which are black §.

Coracias cartaginienfis, Scop. An. Hi/f. Nat. i. p. 40.

IZE of the common Oriole: bill black; head the fame; throat

white: breaft, belly; and rump: yellow: wings and tail rufous,
fpotted with black; a white ftreak paffes from the bafe of the upper
mandible on each fide to the nape: back varied rufous and brown.

Scopoli found this in the Emperor of Germany's menagerie at Vienna,
to which place it was brought from Carthagena, in South America,
by Cl. facquin. it was an unquiet and clamorous bird.

* Hift. of Aleppo. + Trav. (Engl. ed.) iii. p. 318.
t Archaol, viii. p. 252. § See Bartholomeo’s Voy. to India, (Engl. ed.) p. 224.

GHk FAS Kg E:

Gee w 05 CVI Gi Re Ay Ke Te

N° 1. Paradife Gr. N° 5. Green Gr.
2. Crefted Gr. 6. Black-headed Gr.
3. Egyptian Gr. 7. Pied Gr.
4. AbyfMfinian Gr. 8. Blue-eared Gr.

Gracula triftis, Ind. Orz. 1. p. 190. 3.
Gracula grillivora, Martin acridophage, Daud. Ora. ii. 285.
Paradife Grakle, Ge. Syz. ii. p. 458. 3.
E believe that this bird varies greatly : in a fpecimen from Jndia,
in poffeffion of General Davies, the whole fpace on each fide
of the head, from the gape, through the eye, and much beyond it,
was bare; the whole of the head otherwife cloathed with greenifh
black feathers; but the chin, and fore part of the neck to the breaft,
were afh colour: the reft of the bird as before defcribed in the Ge-
eral Synopfis. In this work *, it is mentioned from M. Buffon, that
the inhabitants of the ifland of Bourbon having imported fome of thefe
birds for the purpofe of deftroying the Gra/boppers, the birds increafed
fo faft, that after having deftroyed the inlets, they attacked not only
the fruits, but young Pzgeons, and became a greater fcourge than the
Grafboppers had been before. We learn, however, that this affertion
‘is not precifely the faét, and moft likely M. Buffon had been mifin-
formed ; for MZ. Dupleffin, who gave it as his opinion, that thefe birds
might be ufeful to be introduced into that part of Spain fituated to-
wards 4frica, by way of deftroying the Locu/ts there, had been many
years refident in the ifland of Bourbon, where he had feen thofe birds
introduced, that indeed they have been much multiplied in that ifland,
but fo far from themfelves being confidered as a nuifance, the laws for
their prefervation are ftill in force.
* Gen. Syn. li. p. 459.
R 4

1.
PARADISE
Gr.

DescRiPTion.

2128

2.
CRESTED
Gr.

DESGRIPTION.

3.
EGYPTIAN

Gr.

DEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

4.
ABYSSINIAN
Gr.

DascripTion.

Pracs,

GoR AK oy Ee.

Gracula criftatella, Ind. Orn. 1. p. 192. 8.
Quifcale criftatelle, Daudin. Oru. ii. p. 320.
Crefted Grakle, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 464. 7.—Id. Sup. p. go.
NE of thefe, or very like, is in the Briti/b Mufeum, which came
from the Mabratta country in India: the forehead is moderately
crefted : length of the bird nine inches and a half: bill and legs yellow :
the plumage is brown, but the head and neck are black; the laft in-
clining to dufky+ the greater quills are white, but black towards the
tips: fecond quills like the back: under tail coverts white: tail
black, more than three inches in length; the feathers of it decreafing
in length a trifle towards the middle: the ends of all the feathers are
white, but the two middle ones the leaft in proportion, being only
tipped with white.

Gracula Atthis, Izd. Orz. i. p. 192. to»
Quifcale Atthis, Daudin. Orn. i. p. 321.
Egyptian Grakle, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 466. 9.

HE only reprefentation I have feen of this, is among the drawings

of the late Mr. Bruce: the colour of the plumage is green, but

onthe ears, the axilla, and under parts, a purplifh blue: tail blue
green: bill and legs black.

This is faid to inhabit Abyfinia, where it is known by the name of
Warda*.

IZE of the laft: bill black: irides ftraw colour: head deep afh
colour: body green, ending in a point on the breaft: beneath the
body dull ferruginous orange: legs. black.

Found in byfinia, with the laft {fpecies, to which it feems greatly
allied.

* Sonnini calls it Egyptian Raven. See Trav. (Engl. ed.) ii. p. 239. Note °.

POR Aer dy 2B

HIS is fomewhat lefs than one foot in length: general colour

pale dull green: the chin mottled, dufky and brown: the under
parts of the body from the breaft whitifh, with a few dufky ftreaks ;
wings and tail dufky, the firft edged with white, the laft even at the
end, tipped with white: the bill is ftout, a little bent at the point, and
of a horn colour; tongue half the length of the bill, pointed at the
end: legs black.

Inhabits New Holland, where it is faid to be a rare bird.

Tt is with no little difficulty that we have been able to fix limits to
the genus of Grak/e, more efpecially to thofe which inhabit New Hol-
land: and to fay the truth, great uncertainty has arifen in refpect to
other genera alfo, not only in regard to birds, but quadrupeds, as
well as other claffes. It is true, that whenever any difficulty prefents
itfelf, it may often be obviated by creating a new genus, and many
pertons are of opinion, that this is the only way to afcertain the place
any individual ought to hold in the fyftem; but although it may be
allowed in fome inftances, it fhould be in fuch only where neceffity
may make it unavoidable: a far better way being in our opinion
rather to ftrain a trifling point, than burthen the memory by forming
numerous new genera. On this account, I venture to enumerate the
following fpecies, referving to others the full right of differing in fen-
timent :

ENGTH nine inches: bill yellow, a trifle bent, and ftouter at the
bafe than is ufual in the Téru/b genus, thovgh not greatly diffi-
milar : the forehead is white, but the reft of the head black : the throat,
whole of the neck, and all beneath are white, but inclining to blueifh
in fome parts: the back, and ail the wing coverts, without exception,
are fine pale blue grey, with a trace of white acrofs the lower part of
) the

129

5.
GREEN
Gr.
DEscriprTion,

PLacg,

6.
BLACK-
HEADED
Gr.
Description.

PLACE.

7.
PIE
Gr.
DeEscRIPTION.

PLAce.

8.
EBLUE-EARED
Gr.
DEscRLPTION.

GAR AY Ry Lae B.

the laft: the quills are dufky, edged with pale ruft: tail three inches
in leneth, blueifh afh colour, fome of the outer feathers inclining to
pale grey near the ends: legs longifh, {caly, of a pale yellow oker
colour; claws dufky and ftout.

Inhabits New South Wales. 1 am indebted to General Davies for
the knowledge of this fpecies, having been brought from Port Fack/on,
by Governor King.

ENGTH ten inches: bill formed as in the laft, and yellow: fore-
head, chin, and throat white; alfo a trace of the fame from the
nape on each fide of the neck to the bottom of it; the reft of the head
and neck are black, coming forwards on the breaft as a broad bar:
the back, fecond quills, and all the outer edge of the wings, as alfo the
whole of the prime quills, are black, with a tinge of blue in fome
lichts ; the reft of the feathers of the wing white, and when the wing
is clofed, giving the appearance of two white bars connected in the
middle: the under parts from the breaft are white: tail white, the
feathers pretty nearly equal in length; near the end a bar of black :
legs dull flate colour.
AInhabits New South Wales, with the laft fpecies.

% NGTH eleven inches and a half: bill, forehead, crown of the

4 head, and fides of the cheeks, black : chin, throat, and oreaft lead
colour: under the cheeks, fides of the neck, and all beneath from the
‘breaft, white: at the back part of the head a crefcent of white: hind
part of the neck, fhoulders, back, wings, and tail, yellowifh green
quills dark brown, with yellow margins; towards the ends grey: round
the eyes a bare {pace of a bright blue colour: legs blue black; claws
black and crooked.

Inhabits New Holland: brought from Botany Bay. I am obliged
to General Davies for the above defcription.

CA eR Ue Curt 13t

Geaus XVIMN. CUR UCU

The Leverian Trogon, Lew. Mu/. p. 175. pl. p. 177- ome

HE bill in this bird is lead colour, paler at che tip: shead, neck, DescriPrion.
and breaft fine deep violet blue: wings black; quills edged
with white: back blueifh green, with a tinge of gold colour: the
upper tail coverts filky, of a deep lucid blue green: tail black, with
a greenifh caft; the feathers fquare at the ends, the middle ones
flightly tipped with black ; the two outer ones on each fide gradually
fhorter, black, obliquely edged and tipped with white: belly white, .
with a very flight reddifh tinge or buff colour: legs black.
Inhabits South America; in fize about that of the Violet-headed Prace.
Curucui, to which it very nearly approaches, and may poffibly, on

future enquiry, prove to be a mere variety or fexual difference of
“fhat bird.

132

GERINi’s
OB.

DescriFTion.

LBAV AN R. Bae oe

GENUS XIX. BAR BET,

Bueco Gerini, Ind, Orn. i. p. 207. 29.—=Ger. Orn. ii, p. 51. te 1816

SIZE of a Lhrufh: length nine inches: bill black, ftout: crown of

the head blue, fpotted with black in the middle; beneath the
eyes, the cheeks, and fore part of the neck for half way, black:
quills black: hind part of the neck, as far as the beginning of the
back, and moft part of the belly and vent, rufous red.

The native place of this bird is quite uncertain; I have only met
with it in the engravings of M4. Gerini, who calls it a Woodpecker s
but the bill is large, and more like that of the Barbet, hence I have
ventured to rank it in that genus.

Cy Ue Casks (0). W.

GENUS XX. C40 CK OW.

N° 1. Common C, N° 8. Blue-headed C,
2. Cupreous C. g. Pheafant C.
3. Gilded C. 10. Tippet C.
4. Honey C. 11. Fan-tailed C.
5- Long-billed Rain C, 12. Gloffy C.
6. Touraco C, 13. Abyffinian C.
7. Noify C.

* Wiru Four Tors.
Cuculus canorus, Ind. Orn. i. p. 207. 1.

Cuckow, Gen. Syn. ti. p. 509. 1.——Ld. Sup. p. 98.—Phil. Tranf. vol. Ixxviii.
Ps 219.— Fenner.

E have fome reafon to fuppofe that the ege of the Cuckow is

not generally known, for fome authors + tell us that it weighs
full a quarter of an ounce; that it is not laid in the neft of another
bird, but between the roots of old trees on the ground; that the eggs
are two in number. It is clear from this defcription, that it can mean
no other than that of the Goat/ucker.

Such is the cafe likewife in refpect to that figured in Sepp’s plate
of the Cuckow $, and cannot by any means be miftaken. The ego of
the Cuckow, however, is fcarcely half as large as either of the figures
above alluded to, and in fize is more difproportionate to the bird than
any, except the Raven. The Cuckow’s ege weighs rarely ever more

+ Naturforfch, xiv. p. 49.—Befeh. d. Berl, Ge/f. iv. t.18- f. 16
tT Sepp. Vog. p. 117. tab. 62, _
than

133

I.
COMMON
CUCKOW..

134

2.
CUPREOUS
C.

DescriPTioNn.

PLACE.

OO. Ce ewe aw NN

than fifty grains *, and the bird itfelf barely four ounces, fo that
thirty-eight of fuch eges will about make up the weight of the parent,
whereas the Raven weighs two pounds ten ounces, and the egg not
quite feven drachms, fo that forty-eight are required to equal the
weight of the bird.

The Cuckow is fuppofed to lay a great number of eggs, for in one
diffected by my friend Mr. Lambd, there were not only two eggs in the
ovary, one of them juft on the point of being laid, the other about
half the fize, but befides, a vafl number of fmall ones; and in refpec&t
to food, the ftomach contained not only {mall caterpillars, but {mall
feeds likewife. Similar obfervations, as well as others of much im-
port, may be obtained, by confulting Dr. Fexner’s excellent Effay on
the fubject, in the Philofophical Trau/aétions above quoted.

Cupreous Cuckow, Lew. Mu/. pl. in p. 159.

SIZE nearly that of a Lark, but of a longer and more delicate

form: the head, neck, and upper parts of the body are of a
bright copper colour, with a metallic fplendour, being gloffed with
gold and red tinge of copper: the feathers are of a rounded fhape,
and are fo difpofed as to refemble fcales: the belly and thighs are
of a beautiful jonquil yellow: the tail is lightly cuneiform ; one or
two of the exterior feathers marked at the tip with a triangular {pot
of white: bill and legs black.

This bird is fuppofed to, have come from Africa, and is in the
Leverian Mufeum: in general fhape and appearance, it is fomewhat
allied to the Gilded Cuckow, but differs much in its colour, and in’
raving the tail longer in proportion.

* Not unfrequently as low as forty-four grains ; Dr. Hey/ham: from forty-three
to fifty-five grains; Jenner.

C08 Ca REOU WW:

Cuculus auratus, Jzd. Orz. i. p. 215. 27-
Le Didric, Lewarll. Voy. (Fr. ed. 8vo.) i. p, 234.
Gilded Cuckow, Gen, Syz. ti. p. 527. 23.
HIS Mr. Levaillant found about Koks Kraai, inwards from the
Cape of Good Hope, and properly remarks, that it is undoubtedly
the fineft bird of the genus. It fings continually, perched on the
extremities of large trees, and utters with varied modulation the
fyllables di-di-didric, as diftin@tly as can be written; hence he has
named it Le Didric.

Cuculus Indicator, Zzd.. Orn. i. p. 218. 35.
Coucou indicateur, Lewaill. Voy. (Fr. ed. 8v0.) i. p. 253. War.
Honey Cuckow, Gen. Syn. il. p. 533.—Jd. Sup. p. 101.
HE cock, deferibed by Sparrman, has the neck encircled with a
black ring * ; according to Levaillant, it is faid to be larger than
the common Cuckow, very tame, and not afraid to come near him,
and that the Hoftentots held it in great veneration +. He likewife
adds, that nothing was found in its ftomach on diffeétion but wax
and honey, not a veftige of any imfec&t: the fkin fo remarkably thick,
as when frefh fcarcely to be pierced with a pin, a wife provifion
again{t the ftings of the infeéts which he is to encounter: the neft
is'in the hollow. of trees, which it climbs like the Woodpecker, and it
hatches its own eggs; from hence the manners feem to be totally
diftin& from the European Cuckow.

Cuculus Vetula, Zzd. Orn. i. p. 218. 36.
Long-billed Rain Cuckow, Gen. Syz. ii. p. 535. 32.
\A R. Abbot, long refident at Savannah, in Georgia, obferved to me,
that the Rain Cuckow, is not unfrequent about Burke country,

* See Sparrm. Voy, (1zmo. ed.) ii. p. 142. called there Capzfrum.

+ Called by the Cape farmers, Honey Bird, Barrew’s Trav. p. 321. 4
an

4.
HONEY
pec

DEscRIPTION.

5.
LONG-8ILLED
RAIN
Cc.

136

6.
TOURACO.
Cc.

7:
NOISY
Cc

DescripTiONe

PLACE,

Cre CIO 9 We

and that it fies on its own eges: the nefts of thefe birds not un-
common, he having procured three or four of them; one difcovered
by himfelf, was built in the fork of a fmall oak, made of fticks
lined with mofs, and over that dead Hiccory blofioms; the eggs were
five in number, of a rough blue colour, but not deep, and found
complete about the latter end of April.

Cuculus Perfa, Ind. Orn. i. p. 222. 49.
Touraco, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 545. 46.
LEVAILLANT, in his travels *, obferves, that numbers of
* Touracos are in the country of Hottniquas, but are difficult to
fhoot, perching only at the extremities of the higheft branches of
trees, out of gunfhot, and rarely fuffer any one to come near enough :
feeds on fruits, but not on infects, and is eafily caught alive by fnares
baited with fuch fruits as are in feafon; in another place he talks of
having killed many Flycatchers and Touracos, which when fricafleed,
were fuperior to the Pintado or Partridge +.

Coucou Criard, Son. Voy. (Fr. ed. 8vo.) ii. p. 6.

HIS is faid to be wholly of a brown black colour, having nothing
otherwife remarkable.

Inhabits the inner part of the Cape of Good Hope, in the country of
Gonaquois, where it is known to the Europeans by the name of Criard,
being a very noify fpecies, and may be heard at a great diftence. The
note confifts of divers founds, very diftinét, and it paffes whole hours
in finging without interruption, by which the fportfman is led to the
place where it is.

* (Fr. ed. 8vo.) Vol. i. p. 106.—il. p. 7.
+ We beg leave here to notice an error in our 2d vol. of Synopfis, p. 531. wherein
the three paragraphs from line 16, fhould have been placed after Teuraco.

HIS bird is about nine inches in length: the bill fomewhat bent,
of a pale blue colour: the upper part of the head, taking in the
eyes, the fides and back of the neck, deep blue, inclining to blackith :
the reft of the upper parts pale brown, dotted on the back wich
white, and marked with narrow bars of the fame acrofs the wiags and
tail, which laft is rather long, nearly even, being a very trifle rounded
at the end: the under parts are wholly white, tranfverfely marked
with narrow dufky lines: the throat and fore part of the neck incline
to orange: legs blueifh, very ftout, and fcaly.

Inhabits New Holland: Mr. Lambert informs me, that the above
was the only one of the kind feen there by Mr. White, but that one
.of a fimilar form and fize, of a gloffy black colour, was taken at the
fame time, and it was then fuppofed that thefe two only differed in

fex.

HIS is a beautiful fpecies, and is in length from fixteen to

eighteen inches: the bill, head, neck, and all beneath are of a fine
black: the whole of the back and wings varied with rufous, yellow,
brown, and black, fomewhat fimilar to a Pheafant or Woodcock:
the tail is long, and barred elegantly with the fame colour: the legs
are dufky black ; the toes placed’two before and two behind, as in
other Cuckows, but the hind-claws are pretty long, and lefs hooked
than the fore ones, refembling in this the Egyptian Cuckow, which how-
ever differs materially in colour, asin that bird the back and wings

are plain rufous, and the tail, though long and cuneiform, is wholly re

black.

Inhabits New South Wales, known there by the name of Phea/ant. —

Supp. II, aT

137
&.
BLUE-
HEADED
¢
Description.

PLAcs.

PHE ASANT
cS;

DEscrirrion,

PLAGE, -

138
10.
TIPPET
C

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

Il.
FAN-TAILED
Cc

DESCRIPTIONe

Prace.

12.
GLOSSY

LascriPTion.

GU! CaO) OW.

HIS is nearly twelve inches long: the bill brown, rather ftout,
and a trifle curved at the point: the upper parts of the body are

dull green, the under white: the crown full of feathers, and as far as
the eyes on each fide black ; on the fides of the neck, the black comes
forward, and almoft meets in the middle, giving the appearance of
a cloak or tippet: fides under the wings yellowifh: thighs marked .
with a few rufty fpots: quills black: tail very fhort, the outer
margins of the feathers marked. with white fpots: legs dufky blucifn
white, dotted with black : irides orange.

Inhabits New Holland, where it is a rare bird.

‘THIS elegant bird is about the fize of a Song Thrufb, and ten
inches in length; the tail occupying at leaft one third: the bill
is black, fomewhat bent at the tip: the upper parts of the body are
dufky black, coming forwards on the breaft, and encircling it as it
were with a crefcent: the cheeks and throat are ferruginous buff ;
fides of the breaft the fame, but the middle of it and the belly are
pale oker yellow; the tail is greatly cuneiform; the two middle
feathers black; the others the fame on the outer webs, but barred
on the inner with alternate black and white: the wings when clofed
reach rather beyond the middle of the tail: legs yellow.
_Inhabits New Holland,

» CIZE uncertain: general colour above rufous, inclined to purple ;

beneath dufky white, croffed with feveral broad bars of a glofly
or brownifh copper colour: tail of a moderate length, and barred
6 , with

P1.CXXVI.

Lig baile SAS ae

Fiblishd as the Act directs May 30,1801, by Leigh, Sotheby % Son Korks Street: Covent Garden .

CBU 2? Cl eerO. We.
with the fame beneath: the bill is pointed, and dufky; the tongue
fharp at the end, the length of the bill: irides blue: legs brown.
Inhabits New Holland: for teveral of the jaft defcribed birds, | am
indebted to Mr. Lambert.

** Wirh Toree Tors ONLY.

Bee Cuckow, Moroc, Bruce’s Trav. App. t. p. 178.
? t P: 17

HIS bird is faid to be feven inches in length: the head and

neck plain brown; at the bafe of the beaks a number of very
fmall hairs: infide of the mouth and throat yellow ; tongue fharp
pointed, and capable of being drawn to almoft half its length out of
the mouth: eye-brows black; bill pointed, a trifle bent: irides
dufky red: fore part of the neck light yellow, darker on the fides,
reaching nearly to the fhoulders: breaft and belly dirty white: the
wing feathers are moftly tipped with white: the tail has twelve fea-

thers, of equal length, the ends tipped with white: thighs covered -

with feathers half way down the legs, which are black: the toes are
only three in number, placed two before and one behind.

This fpecies inhabits fuch parts of Aby/inia where honey is chiefly
produced as revenue, as 4gou, Goutio, and Beleffén. It feeds on bees,
but kills more than it eats, as numbers are found {fcattered on the
ground. It makes a fort of {napping noife, when catching the bees,
otherwife it has no note.

This Mr. Bruce fuppofes to be the Cuckow of Lobo, who attributes
to this bird the faculty of difcovering honey. He ridicules Dr. Sparr-
man, for giving an account of a fpecies of Cuckow to which he attri-
butes the fame faculty; but thefe two are very clearly different birds,
therefore Mr. Bruce’s criticifms on Dr. Sparrman mult in courfe fall to
the ground,

T a

E49
Pace
Ti
ABYSSINIAN
(e

Descrrrrion.

PLace.

140

Y.
CHILI
W.
DescripTion.

-Pi'ace.

Zz.
LESSER
SPOTTED
; W.

Wi CuO. Py baG te ER.

Genus XXIl. WOODPECKER.

Wane Chilis Wine = N° 5. Yellow-headed W,
2. Leffler fpotted W. - 6. GuineaW. ©
3. Bank W. +. Mahratta W.
4. Cape W.

Picus lignarius, Ind. Orn. i. p. 224. 2.—Molin. Nat. H. Chili, (Fr. ed.) p. 215.

HIS bird is fearcely as large as a Blackbird; it has a red-creflted
crown, and the body is banded with blue and white: the bill is
fo ftrong, as not only to enable the bird to make holes in decayed
trees, but even in living and found ones, in which it makes the neft.
It is faid from this laft circumflance to deftroy many: fruit-bearing
trees.
Inhabits the kingdom of Chili.

Picus minor, Ind. Ora. i. p. 229. 15>
Leffer {potted Woodpecker, Gen. Syz, ii. p. 566. 14.—Id. Sup. p. 107

T has been hinted to me, that there is every reafon to believe that

this bird does not refemble the female parent, till after it has
thrown off the neftling feathers, as in four or five young ones brought
to an intelligent naturalift at various times, all of them had red
crowns ; however, this matter could not be afcertained by diffection.
The egg of this bird and that of the Wryneck are fo alike,.as to be mif-
taken for each other, but differs in weighing lefs by about four
grains.
We are now pretty certain that the Middle Woodpecker is only the
young of the Greater Spotted Woodpecker, both fexes having the whole
of the crown red during their imperfect ftate of plumage. 5

WOODFP ERC KER

Picus Pitius, Ind. Orm.i, p. 234. 26.
Le Pitico, Molin. Chil, (Fr. ed.) p. 216.
AEITS fpecies is about the fize of a Pigeon: the plumage brown,
{potted with waite. ,

Inhabits Chifi: it is faid. not to make the neft, as others of the
genus, in the hoilows of trees, but in thofe of the elevated banks of
rivers, and to lay four eggs: the fefh is much efteemed. by the na-
tives.

Picus capenfis, Ind. Orn. i. Pp: 237. 37.6.
Cape Woodpecker, Geox. Syz. ii. p. 586. 34.
N this variety, the head, néck, and under parts are pale grey;
back and wings greenifh olive brown: crown, rump, and _ belly
crimfon: wings and tail dufky : bill and legs black.
I obferved this among Mr. Bruce’s drawings, as an Aby finian bird;
and the name it is there known by is Wye-wa,

Picus ifterocephalus, Ind. Orn. i. p. 241. 49. ‘ .
Vellow-headed Woodpecker, Gen, Syn. ii. p. 595. 46.
ENGT H fix inches and an half: chin and throat {potted with
pale red; the under parts from thence to the vent dufky white,
croffed with irregular brownifh ftreaks; otherwife refembles the Ye/-
low-headed Woodpecker.
I am indebted for the above toa drawing taken by General Davies;
the fpecimen fuppofed to have come from Cayenne.

Picus altivolans ex Guinea, Ger. Orn. ii. p. 49. t. 173.

[HIS is a doubtful fpecies, nor from the drawing is it quite cer-
tain whether it isnot a Facamar: the bil is longer than ufually
feen in Woodpeckers, colour of it black : crown and chin-blueith green:
body.

T4Y

3.
BANK
W.

DESCRIPTION,

PLACE.

4
CAPE
W.
DESCRIPTIONS

YEL 7 OW-

HEADED:
Ww.
Var.

DeEscRIPTICN.

6.
GUINE&
Ww.
Descrirrros.

fs
te

PLACE.

MAHRATTA
W.

DescRIPTION.

PLACER.

Wi 1O7 D UP SEC skcrB Rs

‘body duil red, inclining to brown on the back: fides of the neck

‘mixed with yellow: wings and tail dull blue; quills brown: legs

pale.

This was faid to inhabit Guinea, met with only among the drawings
of M. Gerini.

"7 HIS is rather larger than the leaft {potted {pecies: the head
yellow brown, on each fide the nape white: the body on the
upper parts is black, with large fpots of white: rump white; the
chin and all the under parts pale brown, with darker ftreaks down
the middle of each feather: middle of the belly red: quills and tail
black, fpotted with white, three fpots on each tail feather on the outer
margin.
Inhabits the Mabratia country in India; defcribed froma fpecimen
in the Britih Mujfeum.

KINGSFISHER | 143

Genus XXIV. KINGSFISHER.

N° 1. Great brown K.
2. Coromandel K.
3. Little Indian K.

Alcedo gigantea, Ind. Orn. i. p. 245. 16
Great brown Kingsfifher, Gen. Syx. ii. p. 609. 1.—P#ill. Voy, pl. in p. 287. Ye
White's Fournal, pl. in p. 137. GREAT BROWN-
K.

FiIS inhabits New Holland, where it is called Googo-ne-gang; is Descrirtion.
not numerous, and never feen but finely; feeds on infects, worms,
and fometimes feeds. The note like a laugh: the flight is flow and
fhort: fometimes varies in having a little white in the middle of the
wing.

; Z.
Alcedo Coromanda, Jud. Orn. i. p. 252. 19. - COROMANDEL
Coromandel Kingsfifher, Ind. Zool, (4to.) p. 73. 92 K.

IZE of a Blackbird: bill and irides reddith: the head, hind part Description.
of the neck, back, wings, and tail, are of a reddifh lilac colour,
gloffed with violet: the quills are much the fame outwardly, but of a
yellowifh rufous colour within: on the rump is a perpendicular ftreak
of blueifh white: throat white: the reft of the under parts light
rufous: legs reddifh.
Inhabits the coaft of Coromandel. PLACE.

+
ee
LITTLE Aleedo Bengalenfis, Jzd. Orn. i. p. 254. 25.
INDIAN Little Indian Kingsfther, Gez. Syz, it. p. 631. 21-
K.

DeEscRiPTiION. TX Vofinaer’s Monogr. 3768, t. iv. are two Kingsffhers, which feem
~~ to belong to this or the blue-headed fpecies, both are rufous
yellow, more or lefs, but one of them has a blue back: fize of our
European {pecies. f ‘

Among the drawings of my late friend Federick Pigou, efquire, I
obferved a bird of this fort called Taaou-yu-tchin, fignifying a catcher
of fifh:; this is greenifh grey, has a white patch under the ear: the
under parts of the body dull red: fecond quills blue; tail dufky :
bill red brown: legs lead colour.
PLACE Inhabits Ching.

NM ee EA CE

Genus XXV. NUTHATCH.

N° 1. Carolina N.
2. Leaft N.
3. Orange-winged N.

Sitta Carolinenfis, Ind. Orn. i, p. 262. 3.
Grey black-capped Nuthatch, Bartr. Trav. p. 287.

N a manufcript of the late Mr. Hutchins, relating to the birds and

quadrupeds of Hudjon’s Bay, 1 find one defcribed, which feems to
be clearly this: the length is five inches; weight two drams troy;
breadth feven inches and an half: bill black ; head, throat, and breaft
glofty black: belly mottled with black, orange, and white: back dun
black, with faint orange ftreaks: near the junction of the wings, are
long feathers of a bright orange, not unlike a fhoulder-knot, which
pafs down on the fides and end on the thighs, where they are pale:
lefler wing coverts black; the greater are brown, tinged with red:
quills brown ; vent white : the two middle tail feathers are brown, the
two next with an orange fpot on the outer web; the other fix are
orange tipped with brown: legs black.

Inhabits Hudjon’s Bay.

Sitta Pufilla, Ind. Orx. i. p. 263. 5.
Leaft Nuthatch, Gez. Syz ii. p. 651. C.—Id. Sup. p. 118.

ROM the fame fource as the laft, I derive the following account
of a {mall Nuthatch, weighing five penny-weichts, five inches long,
and feven broad: the bill fhort, black, triangular, with fine hairs:
Supp. IL. U irides

T45

1.
CAROLINA
N

DeEscrirTION,

PLace.

2.
LEAST
N.

DESCRIPTION.

14.6

PLact.

3.
ORANGE-
WINGED

N.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE>

NU TH AYE CE:

irides dark blue: head brown, inclining to afh colour: throat dufky
white:. back and fcapulars ereenifh brown; on each fide of the breaft
2 broad fpot of yellow: belly and vent dufky white: thighs tinged
with yellow: leffer wing coverts dull green, the greater inclining to
black: quills black, the outer margin greenifh, inner web paler:
the four middle tail feathers black; the others pale yellow, with the
ends for nearly one-third tipped with black: legs black.

This bird inhabits Hud/on’s Bay, where it is known by the name of
Keebe min nuc ca ha mauka fife ; 1t builds its neft in the willows, lays
four eggs, and hatches the end of June: it is migratory, and derives
its name from being remarkably voracious of berries, which it carries.
to fuch excefs, as to be always attacking other fmall birds wha are
feeding near it.

IZE of the Surinam Nuthatch: general colour of the plumage on
the upper parts dull afh colour, the under blueifh white ; rump

‘and upper tail coverts of this laft colour: quills and tail brown: the

bafe of the quills, for two-thirds of the length, are orange colour ; all
but the two middle tail feathers tipped with dufky es bill brown:
irides reddifh : legs lead colour.

Inhabits New Holland. Mr. Lambert.

PIL.CXXVIil,

ee == — ———— SSS

ae Oange- Med) YRIPe

Publish as te Act directs May 90, 1801, by Leigh. Soteueby b Son Sork Street, Qvent Garden.

Tr O.2D YY;

Genus XXVI: TOD Y.

N° 1. Yellow-bellied T. ~ 2, Red-breafted T.

Todus flavigafter, Ind. Orn. i. p. 268. 15.

SIZE of the Brown Tody: length fix inches: bill fhort, broad, and
pale coloured, with a few briftles at the bafe: the head, chin, and
all the upper parts of the plumage afh colour, or brownifh ; the
wings deepeft, but the middle of them paler: tail even at the end;
the wings when clofed reach to about the middle of it: all the under
parts, except the chin, are yellow: legs dufky.
Inhabits New Holland.

IZE of the Yellow Hammer: the bill is ftout and broad, furnifhed

with fome briftles at the bafe: the tongue bifid, the points on
each fide of the cleft are a little divided or feathered: the crown is
rather full of feathers: the general colour of the plumage on the
upper parts is a flate-coloured grey: wings and tail brown: throat
and breaft orange, from thence to the breaft nearly white: legs flender
and dufky.

Inhabits New South Wales, where it is not plentiful, at leaft not
above two or three have been feen of the kind.

I.
YELLOW-
BELLIED
pits
DeEscRIPTION.

Piack.

Bo
RED-
BREASTED

a

DeEscRIPTION.

PLACE,

148

1.
EUROPEAN
BE.

DesCRIFTION.

PLACE.

WANNERS.

OOM Aw Bh © bp He

Ne)

BEE EA T-E R.

Grn si XXVEL
ry

. European B. E.

. Red-winged B. E.

. Yellow-tufted B. E.
. Wattled B. E.

. Knob-fronted B. E.
. Superb B. E.

. Eaftern B. E.

. Blue green B. E.

. Hooded B. E.

BiERE OR PAs we Re

N°? 10. Golden-winged B. E.

11. Black-eared B. E.

12, Black and yellow B. E.
13. Blue-cheeked B. E.
14. Chatterine B. E.

15. Cowled B. E.

16. Variegated B. E.

17- White-fronted B. E.
18. Red-throated B. E.

Merops apiafter, Ind. Orn. i. p. 169. 1.—Vo/m. Monog. 1768. p. 6.—=Ger. Orn.

Vv. t. 494.—Schrift. d. Berl. Gefelijch. ii. §. 194. (Schrank.)

Bee-eater, Gen. Syn. ii, p. 667. 5.—Id. Sup. p. 119.

HE male has the forehead to. the middle of the crown green;

the reft of the head, back of the neck, upper part of the back,

wing coverts, fine rufous ; lower part of the back yellowith : fhoulders
and leffer wing coverts green: quills and tail green.

In the female, only as forehead is yellow green; crown rufous : the

reft of the upper parts brownifh green; in other things, both are
alike, except the two middle tail feathers, which exceed the reft more
in the male than the female.

The Bee-eater is common in Eg ypt*, where it is called Adelino-orghi,

(Bees Enemy) and is eaten for food.

At the Cape of Good Hope, this bird is called the Guat-fuapper, as

* Sonuini’s Trav. iii, p. 318.

obferved by Kolben +, who adds, that the note is not fo fine as that of

+ Hift, Cape, il. p. 154.
a Tit-

BEE (EAT ER. 149

a Titmoufe, and that it isa guide to the Hortentots, by directing them
to the honey, which the bees lay up in the clefts of the rocks.

The Bee-eater has been obferved at Martifhal,in Norfolk, in a flock,
about twenty in number ; andone of them fhot by the reverend George
Smith, which was exhibited to the Linnean Society. This flock pafled
near the above place in June, and again, on their return in Oéfoder fol-
lowing, 1793, but in reduced numbers.

Merops erythropterus, Ind. Orn.i. p, 274. 15. x
Red-winged Bee-eater, Gev. Syz. ti. p. 681. 14. pl. 31. RED-WINGED
153 1B

HAD an opportunity of examining feveral of thefe which were Descrrprion.
in. the pofleffion of 7. Walcot, efquire ; one of which he added to

my colleétion. The general length fix inches and a quarter: the

tail a trifle forked;. the two middle feathers of the fame colour

as the back; ‘all the others reddifh orange, with dufky ends; the

outer feathers, as well of the tail as of the wings, greenifh brown out-

wardly: the fecond quills and wing coverts alfo the colour of the

back: through the eye, and paffing under it, is a black ftreak; chin

and throat yellow; beneath thefe a triangular fpot of black; from

thence to the vent rufous bay: legs weak and brown.

Merops fafciculatus, Izd. Orn. i. p. 275.19. ys 3.
, EAie YE
Yellow tufted Bee-eater, Gen. Syn. ti. p. 683.18. Vare—Dixon’s Voy. p. 357- REE
pl. 19. i B.E.
Var. A,

N this variety, the plumage did not differ from the general colour; Descarprion.
but the ends of all the tail feathers were white.
; Var. B.
MONG thefe birds, I have remarked another variety, which Descrrprion.
_. differed in having the tail feathers wholly black, and the fides
under the wings rufous,

150

4.
WATTLED
B.E.

Description.

Be RA aR,

Merops carunculatus, Jud. Orn. 1. p. 276. 20.
New Holland Bee-eater, PAi/l. Bot. Bay, t.p. 164.
Wattled Bee-eater, White's Fourn. t. p. 144. male.—TId. p. 240. female.

HIS fpecies is from fourteen to fifteen inches in length: in the

male, the bill is black; noftrils pervious, but covered in part
with a membrane; crown dufky: at the gape of the mouth a filvery
band: behind the bafe of the under jaw, an elongated caruncle, of an
orange colour, hanging down as in the Cock: the body is brown on
the upper parts, the fhafts of the feathers whitifh: quills and _ tail
dufky ; the laft cuneiform in fhape; the outer quills are white at
the tips: the tail feathers are all of them more or lefs tipped with
white: legs brownifh; the outer toe connected to the middle at the
bale. :

The female is faid to be ftouter of the two, more brilliant in plum-
age, and the bill more curved: the tail fhorter: it is deftitute of a
wattle ; but the feathers on the chin are dark, long, and hang dif- |
fufely.

At. General Davies’s is one of this fpecies, which differs; it is
fmaller, twelve inches long; the whole bird appears brighter, and
more ftreaked with white down the fhaft, {welling out into a fpot at
the tip of each feather: no filvery band at the gape. It appears to
be a young bird. In a full grown male, in the fame collection, the
middle of the belly is yellow.

Thefe birds probably differ greatly among each other, for in Mr.
Lambert’s collection of drawings, | remarked one which had the top
of the head and hind part of the neck black or dufky, the reft pale
brown or dufky afh colour, each feather margined with whitifh, and a
few dafhes of white on the back’ of the neck and back; top of the
head, taking in the eyes, black: the under parts of the body are paler
than the upper, with a few obfcure markings: the bill is black: legs

I pale

BPR. E AVT Fl Re

pale ferruginous: a red caruncle on each fide of the chin, as in the
former.

The above inhabit New Holland, efpecially the fea fhores, and are
pretty numerous: they chatter much, and are bold to a great degree,
for when other birds, even larger and ftronger than themfelves, ap-
proach, they drive them away. Their chief food is infects, but they
likewife are very fond of fucking the honey from the different kinds
of Bankfia. They are known to the natives by the name of Goo-
gwar-neck, which word much refembles the kind of note they are
inceflantly chattering,

Merops corniculatus, Jud. Orn.i. p. 276, 21.
Knob-fronted Bee-eater, Whites Fourn. pl. p. 190.

SIZE ofa Mifeél Thrufh: length fourteen inches: bill one inch and

a half long, rather bent downwards; colour pale brown, with a
dufky tip; noftrils oval, placed in an hollow, and the feathers come
forwards to near the middle of the bill to meet them: the tongue
briftly at the end: on the forehead is a blunt fhort eminence, like
the rudiment of an horn: the colour of the plumage on the head is
whitifh, ftreaked with brown, and the feathers are fhort: fides round
the eye brown: upper parts of the body brown, with olive brown
margins: quills and tail darker than the reft; the firft quill only
half the length of the fecond: the under parts of the body are pale:
the chin, breaft, and belly dufky white: tail even at the end, and
about fix inches long, the fhafts and tips of the feathers whitifh :
the wings when clofed reach half way on the tail: legs brown; the
fegments near the toes rough and fcaly ; outer and middle toe joined
at the bafe; hind claw very long and ftout.

Inhabits New Holland, and is a fingular fpecies. That figured in
White's Journal is an exact reprefentation, This was firft brought
into England by Sir Fofeph Banks,

151

PLACE,

Re
KNOB-
FRONTED
B.E.
DescriPTion.

Placs.

152

6.
SUPERB
B.k.
Duscriprion.

oe
EASTERN
B. E-

Descrierion.

PLACE.

8.
BLUE GREEN
B. E.

DescRIPTION.

9.
HOODED
Bebe
DeEsCRIPTION.

BEE-EA TER.

Superb Bee-eater, Nat. Mic. pl. 78.

HIS is nearly nine inches in length: the bill black: general
colour of the plumage red: the forehead, all round the eye, and
throat blue: rump blue: the two middle tail feathers are longer than
the reft, and the parts which exceed the others are black.
This isinthe Briti/h Mufeum. Dr. Shaw feems to think it allied
to the Bra/filian Bee-eater, in which opinion { readily join him.

IZE of the Red-winged Bee-eater: the general colour dull green :
the feathers rather full: quills red but not bright; the outer

edges of them dull green, with black tips: tail green; the two middle

feathers produced beyond the others, where they are narrow and
black, as far as they exceed them.

This {pecies is in the Briti/h Mufeum, faid to come from the
Mabhratta country in India.

ENGTH eight inches: colour of the whole plumage blue
ereen, with a deeper glofs, appearing black in fome lights: legs
black.
The native place of this is uncertain.

Lewes from nine to ten inches: bill yellow, curved, and
rather ftout; tongue twice the length of it, and fringed at the
tip: front of the head whitifh; acrofs the crown of the head black,
which colour pafies through the eyes on each fide to the throat; the
reft of the head whitifh grey and dufky, in fine tranfverfe lines:
belly dirty white, croffed with clouded dufky lines: upper parts of
the

BBE Ey AGT ER:

the body pale lead coloured brown: lower belly and vent white :
the fix outer quills brownifh; the firft very fhort ; the others incline
to brown; but fix or feven of the middle ones are of a greenifh
yellow in the middle, on the outer webs, and the tips greenifh yellow :
tail rounded, of a pale greenifh lead colour, with a dirty white tip :
legs yellow brown.

Inhabits New Holland. In the colle&tion of General Davies.

ENGTH uncertain, fuppofed about twelve inches: general
colour brown: the fhafts of the feathers very pale: greater
quills darker than the others, four or five of the outer ones have the
middle part for two-thirds of a golden orange; the ends white: tail
greatly cuneiform, brown, confifting of twelve feathers, all but che
two middle ones tipped with white: ill and legs black: tongue
briftly at the ene. :
Inhabits New South Wales; feeds chiefly on flies and other infects,
as well as by fucking honey from the various kinds of Bank/fia, &c.
The natives name it Goo-gwar-ruck.

HFiIS fpecies is about feven inches long: the bill of a moderate
fize, and the legs brown: the plumage on the upper parts of the
bedy is pale rufous brown ; beneath dufky white, {potted on the
lower belly, vent, and thighs with black: behind the eye is a broad
ftreak of black ending ia a point: quills black: tail dufky,
Inhabits New Holland.

Supp, II. x

PLACE.

£0.

GOLDEN-

WINGED
B.&.

DeéscrirtTion.

Prack.

II.
~-BLACK-EARED
BE,
DEscRIPTION.

Placer.

154

12.
BLACK and
YELLOW
BR. B.

DeEscCRIPTION.

PLACE.

13.
BLUE
CHEEKED
1545)
DEscRIPTION.

Prace.

14.
CHATTERING
B.E.
DEscRIPTION.

Beier - BEAVER,

IZE of the Song Thrufh: general colour of the plumage biack,
but the feathers of the breaft, back, and belly, are margined with
golden yellow : the wing coverts are not far different, but the greater
ones have the ehds more or lefs of that colour, as are the outer
margins of the quills, though the ends of them are for the moft part
tipped obliquely with black: the bill is black: legs pale brown ;.
though in fome the bill and legs are both of a dufky colour: from
the bill a greenifh ftreak runs through the eye, which is broader in
the middle, and in fome fpecimens defcends on the lower jaw ; the
feathers which compofe this ftreak are fhorter than the others, and
fomewhat rigid: the tail is cuneiform; the two middle feathers black,
fringed at the ends with yellow; the others yellow: vent plain
yellow.

Inhabits New Holland. From the drawings of Mr. Lambert. .

LENGTHS fixteen inches: bill black; tongue briftly at the end :

the upper part of the body, wings, and tail are brown: the top
of the head, taking in the eyes, nape, and back part of the neck, black s
throat and fore part of the neck the fame; the-fides of the neck
between thefe, from the gape, and all the under parts, white: the eye
farrounded with a blue patch, lengthening behind to the ears: bill
black : tail even at the end: legs fcaly, blue.

Inhabits New Holland.

SIZE of a Thrufe: length ten inches: bill yellow ; tongue briftly
at the end, and longer than the bill: the upper parts of the body
pale

P1,.CXXVUOL,

AEP:

os)
?

poe

LE:

bar
Publisha as tre dct directs May 90.1801. by Legh Sotheby & Son Tork Sirece, Covent Goarden,

RE

et
it

io

BEE-EATER.

pale brown: forehead dufky: neck and under parts white, a little
mottled with dufky, moft fo on the throat and breaft: thighs barred
dufky and white: acrofs the crown of the head black, paffing on each
fide behind the eye, and bending down on each fide below the ears ;
within this, behind and clofe tothe eye, a round {pot of yellow: the
wings are black, but the greater part of the prime quills are yellow,
with-dufky or black ends: the tail is long and cuneiform, the feathers
dufky, tipped with white: legs ftrong and yellow.

This bird inhabits New South Wales, and is faid to be a noify chat-
tering fpecies, infomuch as to give the alarm in the manner of the
Fay, fo as to prevent the fportfman getting a fhot at the Patregorang.

THis is a large fpecies: the bill ftout and bending, colour black ;
tongue very briftly at the end, appearing like a brufh: the head
and part of the neck are black, and covered with a fort of down:
the nape at the back part is elongated with a kind of briftly tuft:
the htnd parts of the neck and back are brown, the firft mottled with
a paler colour; the under parts white, marked on the chin and throat
with dufky fagittal ftreaks: quills and tail dark brown: legs dufky
blue. f
This is found about Port fack/on, in New Holland, in Fanuary. The
hind head projecting, and being of a black downy texture, giving the
refemblance of a cowl or hood, has occafioned it to be called a Friar.
The natives call it Vergan.

HIS is fomewhat bigger than the Red-winged Bee-eater: the bill
black: legs dufky: top of the head and nape dull orange, the
middle of the feathers darker; through the eye from the bafe of the

bill a broad black ftreak, continuing a good way beyond it, and
De 1 ending

PLace.

Mie
COWLED
B.E.
Descrirrion.

_ Pracs.

c 16.
VARIEGATED
Beeps
Description.

DuscriPrion.

BE Es BAG Re

ending in a point; beneath this a ftreak of pale blu¢: chin orange
yellow: on the throat a triangular patch of black ; from thence to
the belly, the parts are yellow, but the belly itfelf, the thighs, and
vent are blueifh white: the back part of the neck and wing coverts
are green: back mixed green and brownifh orange ; lower part of it ©
and rump blue: the middle part of the wing has fome fertes of fea-
thers green, with fulvous margins, and others wholly fulvous: quills
green outwardly and black within; the fecond quills edged with
yellow: the two middle tail feathers prolonged to double the length
of the others, as in feveral of the genus, the additional part being
very narrow, and furnifhed with very flender webs, the colour of them
blue; the other feathers of the tail chefnut.

This is faid to be the male bird ; I met with it in the colleGtion of
General Devies. In Mr. Lambert’s collection of drawings, I obferved
one of thefe which I fufpe&t to be the other fex. In this the fore-
head to the middle of the crown is blue, the nape only being dull
orange, which laft colowmseifo occupies the chin: the black throug!
the eye, the blue beneath, and patch on the throat, the fame as in
the other; the back brownifh green: rump blue: the two middle
tail feathers as in the other: the reft black: the wing coverts like the
back; the reft of the wing varied not unlike the other, but lefs bril-
hant.

Inhabits New South Wales, where it is known by the name of
Dee-weed- gang.

‘PT HE mele is about eight inches in length: bill brewn; tongue:
longer than the bill: the back and wings are of a fine rufous,
but the forehead and all the under parts are white; the feathers of
the latter marked down the fhafts with a black line, as are alfo the
rufous feathers above : between the bill and eyes, fides of the head,
the

BS EPEC VANE aR

the crown and nape, wholly black: fides of the body under the wings
marked with tive dark blueith bands: quills and tail pale blue, marked
outwardly on the edges evith white fpots, within darker; the tail
even at the end, or a trifle rounded, the wings reaching thereon to.
about the middle: legs yellow brown.

The female, or one fuppofed to be fo, was brown on the back and
wines, and dirty yellowifh white beneath, with dafhes down the fhafts,
as in the male: the forehead is brown and white fpotted; the reft of
the head brown, where in the ma/e it is black: the tail feems fhorter
“than in thé male, and appears in the drawing to be wholly fpotted
with dirty yellow and brown, or rather dirty yellow, with the brown
{pots in bars: bill and legs as in the male.

I am obliged to General Davies for the above defcriptions, having
made drawings of them from fpecimens in the pofleflion of Captain
King, which were brought from Port Fack/on, in New South Wales.

Red-throated Bee-eater, Nat. Mie. 9. pl. 337-

SIZE a trifle lefs than. the common fpecies: general colour on the

upper parts black: the forehead fine blue, paffing a little way over
the eye; behind the eye a patch of the fame: the fore part of the
throat and neck of a fiery red: rump blue, marked with {pots of
black: belly clouded blue and black: fome of the quills and taii
feathers have blue edges ; the bafe of the greater quills ferruginous,
forming a patch of that colour on the wings; the wings when clofed
reach but little beyond the bafe of the tail, which is even at the end,
or nearly fo.

Inhabits Sierra Leona in Africa,.

u57

PLACE.

1.
RED-
THROATED
Babe

Descrip Tion,

PLACE,

Genus XXIX. CREEPER.

N° 1. African Cr. N° rg. Leona Cr.
2. Polifhed Cr. 20. Mahratta Cr.
5. Enlvous Cr. > 21. Black-eyed Cr.
4. Sugar Cr. 22. Slender-billed Cr.
5. Cinereous Cr. Var. A. 23. Dirigang Cr.
6. Red-backed Cr. 24. Chirping Cr.
7. Ignoble Cr. 25. Mellivorous Cr.
8. Undulated Cr. 26. Black-headed Cr.
g. New Holland Cr. 27. Sanguineous Cr.
10. New Caledonian Cr. 28. Cochineal Cr.
a1. Red-fpotted Cr. 29. Hoary Cr.
12, Peregrine Cr. 30. Yellow-winged Cr.
13. Gartered Cre = Bice Aoiler Cr:
14. Cupreous Cr. 32. Cerulean Cr.
1§ Blue-throated Cr. 33- Yellow-eared Cr.
16. WrenCr. 34. Red-rumped Cr.
17. Green-winged Cr. 35- Black-fronted Cr.
18, Crimfon-bellied Cr.

: Certhia afra, Ind. Or. i. p. 286. 18. Var. o.
AFRICAN Trochilus varius, Gmel. Sy/?.1. p. 492—Maert. Phyf Arb. i. 1. p. 75-
CR. Certhia bifafciata, Spalow/k. Vog. 3. tab. 22.
Deets HIS is four inches and an half long, and about the fize of the
thumb: bill and legs black: the general colour of the plumage
green gold; the under parts brownifh white: the quills are pale
brown; upper tail coverts blue green: tail an inch and a half

I long, _

Gi Ra EDR: Be RS

long, brown, gloffed with green; all of ‘the feathers, except the two
middle ones, whitifh at the ends: acrofs the breaft two bands, the
one of blue, the other fanguineous. In Spalow/ki’s figure of this bird,
a blue band croffes the middle of the crimfon one.

Certhia polita, Ind. Ov. i. p. 287. 19.—My. Carlf. fafe. iii. t. 59.

HIS is five inches long: the crown, fhoulders, and leffer wing

coverts purple, gloffed with gold: upper part of the throat and
neck black, beneath thefe violet purple ; beyond this is a deep purple
band, feparating the above-mentioned parts from the belly, which is
dufky brown: at the bend of the wing, a tuft of yellow feathers:
tail black ; the outer feathers ferruginous on the outer margins anc
tips: bill and legs black.

Certhia fulva, Ind. Orn. i. p. 287. 20.—Maert, Phy/: Aré.i. 1. p. 76.

‘HIS is rather more than five inches long : bill and legs horn co-
lour: the plumage for the moft part fulvous: quills and tail
feathers black above, and brownifh beneath : tail about two inches in

length.
Inhabits South America; and is faid to be of the fize of a Finch.

Certhia afiatica, Ind. Oru. i. p. 288, 22.

HIS is about four inches in length: bill and legs black : general
colour of the plumage deep blue: wings deep brown.
Inhabits India, where it is called Sugar-eater, From the drawings
of Major Roverts.

ne

ee. :
POLISHED:

CR.

DeEscRIPTION.

F

ULVOUS
CR.

DeEserirrion.

PLACE.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

160

&.
CINEREOUS
(ER.
Var. A.

6.
RED-BACKED
CR.

WANTS Jae)
DaesCRIPTION.

CE
JGNOBLE
CR.

DESCRIPTION.

Fake OF
UNDULATED
CR.
DeEscRIPTION,

CARS eE, Ea sP ie he aR.

Certhia cinerea, Ind. Ora. i. p. 289. 25.
Cinereous Creeper, Gen. Syz. ii. p. 721. Var.

JN the Leverian collection is one of thefe birds, which I fufpe& to

be a female, or young bird not attained the perfect colours: the
plumage above mottled brown, beneath cinereous white: the fhoulders
of the wings, one or two of the fecond quills, and the rump, green:

the long tail feathers wanting: bill and legs black.

Certhia erythronotos, Jud. Orz. 1. p. 290. 28.
Red-backed_Creeper, Gen. Syxz. Sup. p. 132. Var.
HIS variety has the head and upper part of the body fcarlet, the
- under afh colour: bill, legs, wings, and tail black. From the
collection of drawings of Colonel Woodford.

Certhia ignobilis, Izd. Orz. i. p. 294. 42.—Mu/. Carl/ fafc. iii. t. 56.

SIZE of a Starling: length eight inches: the bill is yellowith:
upper parts of the plumage footy brown: wings brown with
black fhafts: the under part of the body afh coloured, marked with
Jongitudinal elliptical white fpots: tail and legs black.
_ Native place unknown.

Certhia undulata, Ivd. Orn. i. p. 295. 43.—Mu/. Carll. fafc. ii. ts 34.

H1S is about feven inches long: the upper parts of the plumage
footy afh colour; the under undulated tranfverfely, blackifh and
white : quills foot colour, margined with cinereous olive: under part
of the tail cinereous: bill brown: legs black.
Native place unknown.

CARE) EAPO E AR: 161

Certhia Nove Hollandiz, Ind. Orn. i. p. 296. 49.

sae
New Holland Creeper, White’s Fourn. tab. p. 186. male—Id. p. 297. female. NEW va LAND
" :

HE male of this fpecies is feven inches long: the bill obfcure, Dzscrirrion,
with a pale tip: noftrils covered with a membrane: the plumage
in general black, ftreaked on the neck and breaft, belly and - fides,
with black and white: quills and tail fringed on the outer webs with
yellow; tail rounded ; the two outer feathers white within at the tips:
legs pale.
The female has the colours lefs vivid, but not unlike the male; it
has not the white markings onthe front of the head and over the eye,
but on the cheeks only: the back and breaft are plain black; belly x
black, ftreaked with white: fcapulars brown, ending in a point half .
way on the back: the yellow on the wings and tail inclines to olive.
Inhabits New South Wales; chiefly feen there in Fanuary: known Pace.

by the name of Balgonera.
10.
NEW
Certhia incana, Ind. Orn. i. p. 296. 50. CEEDONTAR
SIZE very fmall: colour brownifh: the neck and quills inclining Description.
to hoary,

Inhabits New Caledonia. From the MS. of Mr. Anderfon. PLACE.
Il.
Certhia cruentata, Id, Orn. i. p. 296. 51. RED-SPOTTED
Red-fpotted Creeper, Ger. Syn. ii. p. 736. 40. Var. CR.
Var.
MONG fome fine drawings in the collection of Mr. Lambert,
I obferve one nearly the fame with this, but inftead of being
white beneath, itis pale blue; alfo another not far different ; in this
the under parts are white, but the eye is placed in a patch of black,
Both thefe inhabit New Holland. PLace.

Supp, Il. ag oY

12.

PEREGRINE
Eke

DeEscriPTION.

13.
GARTERED
CR.

DeEscRIP@RION.

PLACE.

14
CUPREOUS
CR.

DsEscRiPTION.

Pracss

Ci ROB Be Pits Bo eos

Certhia peregrina, Ind. Orz.i. p. 297. 54.

IZE fmall: general colour of the plumage olive

dufky, acrofs the wings two pale bars:
as far as the belly: tail a trifle forked;
outer feathers white.

The female like the male, but paler.

In the collection of Mr. Parkin/on.

:. wings and tail
the under parts are yellow
the inner webs of the two

Certhia armillata, Ind. Orn. i. p. 298. 55.—Mu/. Carl/ fa/c. ii. t. 36.
LEN GTH five inches: bill black: the upper parts of the plu-

mage emerald green, the under greenifh white: vent yellowifh :
wings black: fhoulders gloffy blue or fapphire colour ; beneath the
wings yellow, with the outer margins and tips black: quills black,
the inner margins yellow: legs yellowifh: the rump fpeckled with
fapphire colour, and the lower part of the thighs furrounded with the
fame at the joints.

Inhabits Surinam : is apt to vary in having here and there a feather
more or lefs inclined to blue, and in fome fpecimens a band of black
paffes from the bill. through the eye, and adjoining to it a line of
yellow.

~Certhia znea, Ind. Ora, i. p. 300. 68.—Mu/f. Carl/. fae. iv. t. 78.

HE bill in this fpecies is rather ftout and black: head, neck,
fhoulders, belly, thighs, and vent green, gloffed with gold and
copper: breaft and back marked with a feries of gilded blueifh-fpots +
wings dufky foot cola tail black, tinged with glofly blue: legs
black.
Inhabits the Weft Indies.

&€ RE EF £& BE RR.

Certhia gularis, Jad, Orz. i. p. 300. 69.—Mu/. Carlf. fa/c. iv. t. 79.

ILL black: throat, fore part of the neck and breaft clofly blue;
lower part of the breaft, belly, vent, fides, and thighs yellow:
from the gape a yellow ftreak paffes beneath the eye on each fide of
the neck, dividing it into two parts; the upper, with the top of the
head, nape, and back, are cinereous brown, as alfo the wings and the
rump: under wing coverts pale yellow: quills foot colour: tail
black ; the two outer quills marked with white at the tip and outer
edges as far as the middle, and thofe adjoining have the tips whitifh.
Inhabits Martinico.

Certhia trochilea, Ind. Orn. i. p.. 300. 70.—My/. Carl. fa/c. iv. t. So.

IZE of the Willow Wren: bill brown, beneath yellowifh; plu-

mage above brown and greenith olive mixed, beneath yellowifh
dufky white: under wing coverts very pale yellow: firft quills ferru-
ginous, the others very dark, with the outer edges only inclining to
ferruginous: tail black: legs pale.

Inhabits America, but what part uncertain,

Certhia prafinoptera, Id. Orn. i. p. 300. 7.—Muf. Carlf. fa/. iv. tab. 81.

ILL and legs black: top of the head, nape, back, lower part of
the breaft, and fides black: throat, fore part of the neck, and
upper part of the breaft purple, wings wholly of a gloffy changeable
green: tail greenifh brown.
Inhabits Surinam

i ap

163

15.
BLUE-
THROATED
CRE
Descriprion.

Description.

Pracg.

17.
GREEN-
WINGED
CR.
Descriprion,

PLacx,

164
res
CRIMSON-
BELLIED
Ck.
DsscriPTiON.

PLAGE,

19.
LEONA
CR.
DEscRIPTION,

20.
MAHRATTA

CR.
DgEscRIPTION.

COR WEY Baan Ee UR

¥ ENGTH five inches and a half: bill black: head, neck, and
breaft of a moft brilliant amethyftine purple, mixed on the breaft

with vermilion red, forming a kind of bar thereon: belly black:

vent and under tail coverts glofiy purplifh blue: the upper part of
the neck, lefler wing coverts,’ back, rump, and upper tail coverts
moft brilliant green gold; the reft of the wings and tail greenifh
black ; two or three of the outer feathers fringed on the outer margins
with green gold: on_each fide of the breaft, under the wing, a tuft of
fine yellow: wings black. vi

Inhabits Africa. It feems to approach very ‘near to the Certhia
Polita of the Carlfonan Mufeum.

Leona Creeper, Nar. Mi/c. x, pl. 369 2

ENGT Hi four inches: bill and legs black: head; hind part of

the neck and ‘back green gold: chin, throat, and breaft purplifh
black: the belly and vent pale brimftone or yellow: quills dufky :
tail glofly blackifh fteel colour: under the wings a tuft of yellow
feathers as in the laft, but paler.

Brought from /frica with the laft, and communicated by Thomas
Wilfon, elquire, who obligingly furnifhed me with fpecimens of both;
this is about one third fmaller than the former, and has many things
*n common with it, but whether it differs therefrom in fex or age
only, wants further inveftigation.

,ENGTH i four inches: bill and legs black: general colour of
the body violet pnrple: wings dufky brown: tail dufky black,
but the two middle feathers are entirely, and the outer edges of all
: the

L¥aea,2

un

tert

yee Pere
‘a : ¥

PI.CXXIX,

At WY, Lek bx ee,

go. 1001, by L eigh & Sotheby & Son York Street, Covent Garden.

Ley)

Fublishad ay theAct directs

COR Et BoP. BRS

the -others are violet: on each fide of the breaft under the wing is a
tuft of yellow feathers, as in fome others of this genus.

» Inhabits the: A/chratta country in India, and is in the Britifb Mu-
feum ; it feems allied to the Afiatic Creeper, Ind. Orn. N° 22. :

T‘HIS is more than feven inches in length: the bill one inch long,
curved half way from the point, and black: legs brown:
the tongue longer than the bill, and fringed at the point: the plu-
mage on the upper parts is mottled brown: the forehead, lore, and
all the under parts are white; before the eye, between that and the
bill, begins a black band, which paffes through the eye, growing
broader, after which it narrows to a point, and ends on each fide of
the breaft. |
inhabits New South Wales: faid to be fond of honey, and alfo to
feed on flies: ina fecond of thefe birds, the forehead differs in not
being white, but the lore is black, paffing under and a little way
beyond the eye.

J ENGTH rather more than fix inches: bill one inch and a

quarter lone, very flender, and moderately curved; tongue longer
than the bill, and fringed at the end: the crown of the head is black,
taking’ in the eyes on each fide, and paffing in a broad band quite to
the breaft: the back, wing coverts, and rump are pale flaty grey:
quills and tail black, the laft fomewhat cuneiform: the chin is very
pale rufous, and from that to the breaft white; the rufous colour
furrounded with a crefcent of black, with the horns pointing up-
wards. ||

Inhabits New South Wales, and is a beautiful fpecies.

PLace.

ee
BLACK-EYED
CR.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE,

22.
SLENDER-
BILLED

ee Oe
DEscrRirTion.

Praex.

166

DIRIGANG
CR.
DeEscRiPTION.

PLACE.

24
CHIRPING
CR

DescRIPTION.

PLAace.

25.
MELLIVOROUS
a

Descrip rion.

PLACE.

@& Rf EVE wR:

N fize this fpecies fomewhat exceeds our Common Creeper: plu-

mage above pale olive or greenifh brown; beneath white, inclining
to dufky on the belly: on the forehead and crown are a few fhort,
tranfverfe, black lines: under the eye a patch of yellow, and behind
it another of a reddifh colour: at the bend of the wing a few pale
fpots: bill and legs dufky.

Inhabits New South Wales, where it is called a Woodpecker, from
hence we may fuppofe it to frequent and run up and down trees in
the manner of that bird. ‘The native name is Dirigang.

IZE of the Nightingale: general colour pale ereen, inclining to
, brown.on the back, and to pale yellow beneath: quills and tail
dufky : thighs dufky, barred with white: bill fender, black: tongue
briftly at the end: legs brown: irides blue.
Inhabits New Holland; and has a chirping kind of note.

SIZE of the Miféel Thruo: the bill moderately curved and black :

tongue briftly at the tip: general colour of the plumage black,
marked on mott of the feathers with flender crefcents of white, and with
fhort ftreaks of the fame: the axillary coverts have pale edges, and the”
margins of fome of the quills the fame: feveral of the greater wing co»
verts are longitudinally marked with rufous: on the rump a few
white markings: the ends of the tail very pale, nearly white.

Inhabits New South Wales, and is called Goo-gwar-ruck; is anume=

_rous fpecies, feldom feen but near the fea fhore, efpecially about

where the natives refort; is a lively bird, conftantly imaction, in fuck-
5 ing

PI.CXXX,

2 Zp
wee BES EDAL COM) Cr Cofec Ue as)
y =

Publishid as te Act directly May 30180) .by Leigh. Sothehy, te SonSork Street, ovat Gardin.

Carne? i Eee Eye

ine honey, taking flies, or contending with other birds; two or three
of thefe will often rout a flock of Blue-dellied Parrots, with which
genus they are often engaged. For the above information I am in-
debted to Mr. Lambert.

ENGTH fix inches: bill dufky ; tongue briftly : top of the head,
and from the bafe of the upper mandible, black, paffing through
the eye, and below it fome way on each cheek: hind part of the
neck, back, wings, and tail pale green, but the wings and tail are
brown, with pale edges: chin, fides of the neck, and fore part of it,
as well as the under parts of the body, dufky white: legs pale brown.
Inhabits New South Wales.

IZE of the White Throat: all the upper parts of the bird crimfon,

marked here and there, except on the hind head, with a few
irregular large black fpots: chin and throat white: breaft and belly
dirty pale brown: quills black, edged with white: bill and legs black:
tongue briftly at the end.

Inhabits New South Wales.

SIZE of the Red-/potted Creeper: general colour crimfon, but the

under parts from the breaft are white; on the red of the breaft

fix black {pots: a large fpot of black occupies the beginning of the
back, a fecond below it, befides fome other {maller ones of the fame
on the rump: through and round the eye a black ftreak of an oval
fhape and pointed: wings and tail black; the laft very fhort: bill and
legs black; tongue briftly.

Inhabits

167

DEscRIPTION.

Pracz.

27.
SANGUINEOUS
CR

DrscriPTion,

Piace.

28.
COCHINEAL
CR

DeEscRIPTION.

Descriprion.

PLACE.

31.
AGILE
CR.

DeEscRIPTION.

' PLACE.

Co Roy En Ea Pa Bay Re

Inhabits New South Wales; feen only in the {pring, and-is a rare
{pecies.

LENGTH eight inches: body flate coloured above, white be-
neath, inclining to rofe coloured purple on the breaft: quills
and tail dufky: bill ftout and black; tongue briftly : on the wing
coverts a few markings of white: legs brown.
Inhabits New South Wales.

ENGTH * feven inches: bill black ; tongue briftly: head, neck,
and back pale flate colour, inclining to yellow on the rump;
beneath whitifh, with a few narrow lines on the breaft: on the ears
a yellow fpot, below it a patch of black: quills dufky, the greater
ones from the bafe to two-thirds of the length yellow: the two
middle tail feathers dufky, the others of a pale yellowifh colour.
Inhabits New Scuth Wales; with this is another, perhaps differing
in fex: the plumage is pale cinereous grey above, and pale yellowifh
white beneath: vent fpotted with ferruginous: quills as in the laft,
but pale ferruginous inftead of yellow: both of thefe continually
obferved in the action of catching flies.

LENGTH fix inches: bill black; tongue briftly: top of the
head, nape, -and hind part of the neck black; the reft of the
upper parts of the bedy, wings, and tail brown: under parts white:
the white and black join each other on the fides of the neck irregu-
larly : legs blue black.
Inhabits New South Wales; is'an ative fpecies, feeds on honey and
flies, in the manner of feveral others of this genus.

Ci Re Ee SEP: ES Rs

SIZE of the White Throat: bill a trifle curved, but flender as in
the Warbler genus, colour dufky: the plumage on the upper
parts is pale brown; beneath pale flefh colour: fore parts of the
neck pale blue grey: quills and tail dufky: legs dufky.
Inhabits New South Wales.

SIZE of a Hedge Sparrow: length fix inches: bill and legs black :
tongue briftly: irides dirty pale red: the plumage on the upper
parts of the body pale dirty brown; beneath white: below the ear
an oval fpot of a fine yellow colour, and above it a fmaller one of
black.
Inhabits New South Wales.

-IZE uncertain: bill and legs black: tongue briftly : the plumage
on the upper part of the body is pale brown; beneath dufky
“white: rump crimfon: on the fide of each jaw three or four dafhes
of crimfon: outer part of the quills and tail dufky ; fome of the outer
feathers of the laft pale or nearly white at the end.
Inhabits New South Wales ; faid to be very rare.

«

‘HE body in this fpecies is green on the upper parts, and yellow
beneath: the forehead and cheeks black: tail cuneiform.
In the Leverian Mufeum; from whence unknown,

Supp. II. Zz

169
32.
C@RULEAN
CR.

DeEsCRIPTION.

DESCRIPTION.

Pace.

34-
RED-RUMPED
CR.

DEscRIPTION.

DEscRIFTION.

te
EKEBERG’S
A.B.
DESCRIPTION.

PLacE.

2)
CHILI
H. B.
DeEscRIPTION.

PLACE:

HUMMING BIRD.

Genus XXX. HUMMING BIRD.

N°1. Ekeberg’s H. B. N° 5. Orange-faced H. B.
2. Chili H. B. 6. Blue-headed H. B.
3. Mango H. B. 7. Great H. B.

4. Gilt-crefted H. B.

* WitTH curved BILis.

Trockilus capenfis, Ind. Orz.1. p. 303. 6.—Lin. Mantis. 1771. p. 525.

SIZE ofa Swaliow: general colour green gold: quills black; the
wing coverts neareft to them margined with glofly blue: tail
feathers even at the end, except the two middle ones, which are three
times the leneth of the others; colour of them all black, margined at.
the bafe with gloffy green: vent black, marked with. fhining blue »
{pots.
This 1s faid to inhabit the Cape of Good Hope, for which we have
the authority of M. Ekeberg ; at has however never fallen to our lot
to meet with any one of the genus which came from that place.

Trochilus-galeritus, Jd. Orn. i. p. 304. 10.—Molin. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 127, 2.

HIS fpecies is rather lefs than a Wren: the bill is fomewhat
bent: the general colour of the plumage green gold: head
crefted; the creft radiated with purple and gold: the under parts of
the body are fire colour: quills and tail brown, varied with gold.
Inhabits Chik.

HUMMING BIRD.

Trochilus Mango, Ind. Oxd. i. p. 307. 20.

Mango Humming Bird, Gen. Syx. ii. p. 758. 18.—Ia. Sup. p. 135. B-
WV E have before related a circumftance of the poffibility of keep-

ing Humming Birds alive for fome time, by means of fugar
and water *; but this was in their own country and climate. In ad-
dition to this, we have been informed, on undoubted veracity, of the
following fact: a young gentleman, a few days before he fet fail from
Famaica to England, was fortanate enough to meet with a female
Humming Bird, fitting on the neft and eggs, when cutting off the twig,
he brought all together on board the fhip; the female became fufi-
ciently tame, fo as to fuffer itfelf to be fed with honey, and during the
paffagze hatched two young ones; however, the mother did not fur-
vive long, but the young were brought to Lygland, and continued
alive for fome time in the poffeffion of Lady Hamond. Sir H. Engle-
Jield, Baronet, and Colonel Svoave, both witneffes of the cirumftance,
informed me that thefe little creatures readily took honey from
the lips of Lady Hamond, with their bills: one of them did not live
long, but the other furvived at leaft two months from the time of its
arrival. Iam not pofitively certain that it is the fpecies I have here
arranged it under; but I am inclined to think fo, from the above
gentlemen comparing it with the figure of the bird pointed out to
them, and efpecially as it is the moft common fpecies found in that
aiignds S|

HIS is a finall fpecies, being only two inches and an half in
length: the general colour green: the top of the head furnifhed
with a gloffy gilded green creft: quills and tail black.

* Gen, Syn. ii. p. 771, Note §. Burnab. Trav. p. 17. Note *.
Z2 The

4
GILT CRESTED
Eee
DEscripTion.

199)

se
ORANGE-

DESCRIPTAON.

6.
BLUE-HEADED
H. B.

DESCRIPTION.

/Piacs,

HUMMANG BIRD.

The female is greenifh brown above, and whitifh beneath, with
dufky fpots on the breaft.

The neft is chiefly compofed of pappofe down, as in the major
part of this genus. I am indebted to Colonel Woodford for this
defeription.

HiS is about three inches and a quarter long: the bill black, three
quarters of an inch in length, nearly ftrait, being only a trifle
bent juft at the tip, the colour of it white: the head feathers a little
elongated at the hind part: the general colour of the plumage is
dufky, inclining here and there to blue: belly wholly dufky : between
the bill and eye an orange fpot; chin orange, and the outer margins
of the wing of the fame colour the whole of its length: tail blue
above, orange beneath: legs black.
From the drawings of Colonel Woodford; from whence it was
brought uncertain.

** Witnu Strait Bitts.
Trochilus eyanocephalus, Izd. Orn.i. p. 319: 63.—Molin. Chili, (Fr. edit.) p. 227.

HIS is faid to be the fize of a walnut, but the tail is three times
the length of the body: the bill is flrait, pointed, and of a
whitifh colour: the head is of a gilded blue: the back glofly green:
the belly yellowifh red; the feathers of the wings blue varied with
purple. ;
Inhabits Chil.

HUMMING~ BIRD: 173

'

Trochilus maximus, Mu/. LefR. N° 76. T. ii. N° 2.

Der grofste Kolibri, J/g, U. d. Yog.i. Th. 2. S. 737. GREAT
H. B.

HE length of this fpecies is about eight inches: the billis fharp, Description.
and half as long again as the head: the plumage is gloffy: the
crown, quills, and tail blueifh: hind part of the head, back, breaft,
rump, and wing coverts greenifh gold: the throat white as fnow:
vent ruft colour; tail pointed and blackith.
Native place uncertain.

174 38 HA RD Nie.

Or pe Ry LHS PATS S ROR MINE

Genus XXXI. STARLING.

N° t. Perfian St. N° 3. Dauurian St.
2. Magellanic St.

Sturnus moritanicus, Jad. Orz, i. p. 325. 11.—S. G. Gmel. I. iv. p. 174.—

awe
PERSIAN Pall. n. Nord. Beytr. iv. p. 52.
ST. Etourseau more, Daudin. Ora. i. p. 302.

HIS is about the fize of the Skylark: the tip of the bill is black :
general colour of the plumage afh colour: fore part of the head

and the throat mixed with white : ‘the belly {potted with rufous.
Prace. Inhabirs the alpine parts of Perfia ; makes the neft in the hollows

of rocks, and lives on infects,

DESCRIPTION.

Sturnus Loyca, Ind. Orn. i. p. 325. 12-

Ze
MAGELLANIC militaris, Zzd, Orz. i. p. 323. 4?—Daud. Orn. ive. 305.

ST. Magellanic Stare, Gen. Syz. lll. p. 7:
Description. IZE of the common cae general colour mixed brown and

whitifh: breaft crimfon: female pale grey; breaft crimfon, but
of a much paler colour.

Inhabits Chi/i; makes the neft in the hollows of the earth, lays three
orey eggs, varied with brown; faid to fing {weetly, is eafily tamed, and
efteemed much by the natives, who entertain fome fuperftitious ideas
in refpect to its fong, burt likewife value it on account of the beauty

of its feathers, with which they form aigrettes. It may poffibly be
5 E a variety

PLace.

St A) Ret) NG.

a variety of our Magellanic Stare; but no mention is made of the
crimfon lore, or fpots on or near the eyes.

Sturnus Dauuricus, Jnd. Orz, 1. p. 325. 13.—Pall, AG. Stock. 1778. iii. px 198.
Etourneau de la Daourie, Daudin. Orn. ii, p. 302.

HIS is about fix inches in length: the bill black, rather fhorter
and more bent than ufual in the genus: irides brown; before

and over the eyes a white ftreak: general colour of the body violet
black ; beneath cinereous white: the head and nape blueifh white ;
on the crown of the male a violet black, ftripe, which is brown in the
female: the wing coverts black glofled with green: quills black ;
the two inmoft white at the tip, the reft outwardly are tipped with

white: tail fomewhat forked; the coverts of it violet ; the feathers

of the tail greenifh black : legs biue black.

Inhabits in the willow beds of Dauuria, feeding on both vegeta-
bles and infects ; lays three eggs, of a ferruginous colour, tinged with
blue,

175

3
DAUURIAN
SA
Describe Tion.

Placw.

=
“JI
=>)

1.
SONG
THR.
DEscRIPTION.

Sy) EER AES Ed.

Genus XXXII. TH RUS 4A.

. Song Thr. N°18. Prafine Thr.

N°1
2. Penrith Thr. 1g. Volatile Thr.
3. Red-legged Thr. 20. Blue-cheeked Thr.
4. New Zealand Thr. 21. Brown-crowned Thr.
§- Thenca Thr. 22. Lunulated Thr.
6. Chili Thr. 23. Sooty Thr.
7. Ceylon Thr. 24. Black-browed Thr.
8. White-rumped Thr. 25. Fly-catching Thr.
g. Ethiopian Thr. | 26. Blue-headed Thr.
10. Minute Thr. 27. Maxillary Thr.
t1. Reftlefs Thr. : 28. Frivolous Thr.
12. Black-eyed Thr.’ 2g. Sordid Thr.
13. Doubtful Thr. 30. Shert-winged Thr,
14. Dilute Thr. 31. Yellow-bellied Thr.
_ 15. Guttural Thr. 32. Punctated Thr.
16. Harmonic Thr. 33. Afiatic Thr.

17. Port Jackfon Thr.

Turdus muficus, Ind. Orn. 3. p. 327. 2.—Ger. Oru. iii. pl. 290, 291. 292.
Throftle, or Song Thrufh, Ger. Syz. iii. p. 18. 2.—Bolton’s Brit. Birds, pl. 5. 6.
-H15S bird is known in fome parts of Hampfhire by the name of
Storm-Cock, asis alfo the Miffel Thrufh; is a more hardy bird
than the Redwing, which in hard froft is obferved firft to fuffer from
it; and in defect of other food, both this and the Aéiffel Thrufh are
known to live on the roots of Arum, which they break from the
ground with tneir bills, as well as fhell fnails, mifleltoe, and ivy

berries,
Tn

Tf Ft Ree. $7) ER

In Ray’s letters, page 137, a bird is mentioned by the name of
Heath Throftle, taken from the Epitome of Hu/bandry, the author of
which firft noticed it. Mr. Ray fuppofes it to be the Ring Ouzel,
as that bird is called Heath Throfile; in Craven ; be this as it may, the
late Mr. Lewiz fhewed me a pair of thrufhes fimilar to the Song
Tbriujfe in colour, but they were darker, and the tail feemed rather
fhorter; thefe were fhot near Dartford in Kent ; 1 remember to have
made fome remarks upon thefe birds at the time, but having miflaid
them, I cannot venture here to fay more on the fubject.

IZE fuperior to the common Water Ouzel: head, wings, upper

part of the body, and tail dufky: chin and throat white, at the
bottom of the laft a bar of dufky: breaft, belly, and thighs white,
with fhort black dtreaks pointing downwards, more numerous towards
the lower belly and thighs: vent rufty yellow, croffed with bars of
black: legs rufty yellow.

This is faid to be found about Penrith; given to Mr. Pennant, by
Mils Calvin *.

Turdus Plumbeus, Ind. Orz. i. p. 334. 29.
Le Thili ou Chili, Moliz. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 230.
Red-legged Thruth, Gez, Syz. ili. p. 33. 29.

HE male of this fpecies is wholly black, and has a cuneiform tail ;
under the wings a large fpot of yellow.

The female is grey, paler on the under parts ; between the bill and
eye a black patch: chin white, with black markings, fometimes
wholly black: tail feathers dufky, the four outer ones white at the
tips: bill, eyelids, irides, and legs orange red.

* T took the above account out of the late Mr. Pennast’s notes, of a journey from
Downing to Alfon Moor, in which is painted a figure of the bird, Mr. Pennant
thought it to be a new fpecies.

Supp, fl, Aa This

177

2s
PENRITH
OUZEL.

DEscrIPTion:

PLac#,

36
RED-LEGGED
THR,

DescripTion,

4738

PLACE.

4.
NEW
ZEALAND
THR.
DescRiPTION,

PLACE.

Re
THENCA
THR.
DESCRIPTION.

Piack,

6.
CHILE
THR.

DsscriPTions

. HBR Ci St

This fpecies inhabits Chili: makes the neft of twigs by the river
fides, mixed with mud, and lays four eggs. Its fong is excellent,
but the bird does not, bear confinement. It is a very numerous fpe-
cies, occafioned perhaps by its flefh being unfavoury, and therefore
not fought after.

Turdus auftralis, Ind. Orn. i. p. 338. 43-—Mu/f: Carlf. fafe. iii. t. 69.

IZE of the Song Thrufh: bill’ and legs black: the general colour

of the plumage is dufky black: breaft and belly white, but the
bafe of the feathers are black.

Inhabits. New Zealand.

Turdus Thenca, Jud. Ora. i. pe 339. 46.—-Molin. Ghil, (Fre ed.) p. 231-

IZE of the Mocking Thrufb: bill, irides, and legs brown: general _

colour of the plumage cinereous, fpotted with brown and white:
breaft and belly pale grey: quills and tail white at the ends.

Inhabits Chili: makes a cylindrical neft, a foot long, defended on
the outfide with thorns, within lined with wool and feathers, with a
fmall entrance on one fide; lays four white eggs fpotted with brown.
It poffibly may hereafter prove a variety of the Mocking Thrufk.

Turdus curaus, Ind. Ora. i, p. 342. 53.—Molix. Chil. Gee ed) p. 232. (Le
Cureu. ).
Quifcale du Chili, Daud. Ora. ii. p. 318.
IZE of a Blackbird: bill rather angular, black, a trifle turning up
at the end: ee wholly black and gloffy : tail cuneiform and
long:.

This is a very common. bird. i in Chili, finging well, and imitating:
the notes of other birds, hence often kept in cages; attacks other
birds, picking out their brains; alfo feeds on feeds and worms: con-

I oregates

ae, RES) Sst Ee

gregates with Starlings: makes a neft of twigs and fibres, mixing it
with mud, and lining it with hair; the eggs are three in number, of
a blueifh white: the fichh j 1s not good eating, being black.

Turdus Zeylonus, Ind. Orn. i. p. 349. 80.—Spalouse. Vog. tab. 5

Le Bacbakiri, Lewvail/, Oif il. p. 65. pl. 67. f..1. 2.

Ceylon Thrufh, Gez. Syx. iit. 62. 73.

R. Levaillant confirms what has been before mentioned in ‘the

Gen. Synopfis, that this fpecies is not uncommon at the Cape of
Good Hope, and that it there goes by the name of Bachakiri, and
adds, that in fome of the cantons it is called Fentje-bibi, and Couvit=
Couit, from fome of its notes imitating thofe words ; it ‘is alfo called
by others Geéle Canari-byter, or Yellow Canary-eater ; that it is not only
commonly feen at large, but frequently comes into the gardens at
the Cape.

We learn that both male and female have the black -crefcent on the
breaft, but in the female, the crefcent and the reft of the colours
of the plumage are lefs vivid; alfo that the young birds of both fexes
do.not obtain it till of mature age, in which cafe we can eafily fup-
pofe our Orange-headed Thrufo may prove to be a young bird of
this rather than a diftinét {pecies.

The male and female are for the moft part obferved together, and
make the neft among the thick bufhes, and the hen lays four or five
eggs, which both fexes fic upon by turns, and the young continue
in fociety with the parents till the {pring following.

Turdus bicolor, Izd, Oru. i. p. 350. 84.
Turdus bicolor, Stourne Spreo, Daud. Ora. ii. p. 311.—Levaill. Oi. pl. 88.
White-rumped Thrufh, Gen. Syz. iii. p. 64. 75.—Yhunb. Trav. ii. p. 48.

AR. Thunberg obferves, that this bird is known at the Cape of
Good Hope, by the name of Sprevw, and that it very frequently

accompanies the larger cattle and fheep, ‘ mornings and evenings,
Aa 2 “ picking

179

7: .
CEYLON
THR.

8.
WHITE-
RUMPED
THR.

180

9.
RTHIOPIAN
THR.

DESCRIPTION.

VE i) CA SkL Ete

« picking the infects, which dropping from the bufhes upon the
«© animals, and biting deep into their fkins, ftick very faft to them,
“ and occafion them great pain;” that it is a fhy bird, and makes
the neft in the fides of rivers and brooks, and digs holes in the banks :
they are obferved alfo to feed on ripe grapes, and flying in great

‘flocks, not unfrequently do much damage to the vineyards ; however,

by fuch kind of food the flefh is rendered very delicate: thefe birds

do not always make the neft in banks, but fometimes in old ruined :
buildings, or holes of decayed trees, at others rob the fwallows of

their neft; the eges. are five or fix in number, ereenifh {potted with

brown.

This we are inclined to believe is the Locuft-eating Thrufh men-
tioned by Mr. Barrow *, as the chief if not the only food, appears to
be Larve of the migratory Locujts, following the troops of thefe
wherever they are. He obferves that the bird is gregarious, making
the neft in vaft numbers together, not greatly different from the So-
siable Grofbeak, appearing as one large neft, big enough for a Vultures
which circumftance he obferved at Seuwberg, on a clump of low
bufhes: on examination, the neft was found to confift of a number of
cells, each of which was a feparate neft, with a tube that led: into it
through the fide ; and of fuch cells, each clump contained from fix to
twenty, and one roof of interwoven twigs covered the whole, like
that made by a Magpie: moft of them had young birds, generally
five. The eggs are of a blueifh white, with fmall faint reddifh
fpecks,

Turdus ethiopicus, fzd. Orz. i. p. 357. 110.
Le Boubou, Levaill. Oxf. ii. p. 73. pl. 68. f. 1. 2.
Ethiopian Thruth, Gen. Syz. ili, p. 78. 103.
‘HE female is a trifle lefs than the male: the parts which are
black in the laft are in the former brownifh, and the under parts
almoit intirely fulvous, except the throat, which is rufous white, and

* Travels into South Africa, p. 256.
the

A ER Re Cia S ek a

the bar -acrofs the wing inclined to rufous at the back part: whilft
young, the male appears like the female, but the female wants the bar
of white on the wing coverts, many of which are bordered with
rufous.

In the fouthern parts of the Cape of Good Hope, this f{pecies is very
numerous as far as Caffraria. The note of the male exprefies the
words Bou-bou, and that of the female Cou-i. They make the neft
among the thorny bufhes, laying four or five eggs.

Turdus minutus, Ind. Oru. i. p. 363.136. Mf. Carl. fa/c. iii. t. 68.

HIS is a fmall fpecies, being lefs than four inches in length:

the bill and legs are brown: general colour of the plumage rufty
brown, beneath inclining to afh colour: chin whitifh: two or three
of the prime quills are dufky, the others black, but ferruginous in
the middle; many of the fecondaries tipped with ferruginous, and
the reft wholly of that colour: the four middle tail feathers are black,
the reft ferruginous.

IZE of the Song Thrufh: length eight inches, in fhape fomewhat

flender: the bill three quarters of an inch long, and curved at
the point, colour black; tongue fharp: the plumage on the upper
parts of the body is black, on the under white: tail a very trifle
rounded at the end :. legs black.

Inhabits New Holand, faid to be-a reftlefs fpecies.

ENGTH eight inches: bill ftout, flightly curved; tongue
briftly at the tip: the crown of the head and under parts of the
body are yellow: the forehead mottled with dufky: nape, wings,
and tail rufty brown, the two laft mareined with yellow: from the
gape fprings a black ftreak growing broader, furrounding the eye,
and

182

PLaAcE,

10.
MINUTE
THR.
DeEscrRIPTION,

II.
RESTLESS
PR:
Descriprion.

Pracr

12.
BLACK-EYED
THR.
Descriprion.

i§2

PLACE.
13.
DOUBTFUL
THR.
DESCRIPTION

PLace.

14.
DILUTE
THR.

DEscrRiPTION.

PLACE.

; 15.
GUTTURAL
THR. -

DascripTion.

PLaAce.

16.
HARMONIC
THR.

Description.

Ti ER) WS. kL.

and defcending on each fide below it, growing more narrow; juft

within at the bottom part isa {mall {pot of yellow: tail moderately

long; the wings reach only to the bafe of it: bill and lees brownith.
Inhabits New South Wales.

ENGTH nine inches: bill one inch long, blueifh: tongue
briftly at the end: plumage blueifh black, beneath white: quills
and tail brown, the laft rather long: legs dufky.
Inhabits New Holland, and is a bird of a dull uninterefting appear-
ance.

THE bill in this fpecies is ftraight and blueifh: the head, neck,
and rump are pale blue grey: back and wings pale brown: the
under parts of the body blueifh white: tail dufky pale brown: legs
blueifh.
Inhabits New Holland.

IZE of the Ceylon Thrufb, and fomewhat refembles it in figure:

the head is black, reaching forwards as far as the breaft, but the
chin is white, and the nape inclines to yellow: back and wings green:
breaft, belly, and vent yellow: bill and legs black.

Inhabits New Holland; not unfrequently feen at Port Fack/on in
the winter months.

ENGTH nine inches: bill and legs horn colour: plumage on
the upper parts pale brown, on the under whitifh, with a flender
brown line down the fhaft of each feather: wings and tail dufky

black.
Inhabits

Ty) A RSs) Ee

Inhabits New Holland: called from its note, which is harmonious,
the Port Fackfon Thrufh, but feems different from the following one,
which goes by that name in Vbite’s Voyage.

Port Jackfon Thrush, White’s Voy. pl. in p. 15 7--

HE top of the head in this bird is blueifh grey ; from thence
down the: hind. part: of the neck and the back, the colour is a
fine chocolate brown: the wings and tail are lead colour; the edges
of the feathers pale; the tail itfelf pretty long, and even at the end:
all the under parts from chin to vent are dufky white, except the
middle of the neck juft above the breaft, which inclines to chocolate :
the bill is of a dull yellow: legs brown.
This is faid to inhabit the neighbourhood of Port Fack/on, in New
South Wales,

SIZE of a Song Thrufo: bill dufky, both mandibles fomewhat
curved: general colour of the plumage pale flaty blue, marked
on the wing coverts with black; the inner part of the quills is alfo
black: chin white = belly dirty pale yellow oker-colour: below each
ear a large oval patch of black: the tail is wholly black: legs dufky
yellow.
Inhabits New. South-Woles ; met with in the month of December.

ENGTH nine inches: fhape flender: bill rather flight and
black: the head, neck, upper parts of the body and tail are
black ; the under parts of the body white: tail long, and evenat the
end, and the wings when clofed reach to the middle of it: legs flender,
dufky.
{nhabits various parts of Mew Holland, and is not’ uncommon;

obferved in company with another of the Gro/beak genus, to hover
frequently

188

PLACE,

17.
PORT JACKSON.
THR.
DEscRIPTION,

Place

18.
PRASINE
-THR.
DeEscriprion.

PLacez,
1g.
VOLATILE}
THR.

DESCRIPTION

Place.

184,

20.
BLUE-
CHEEKED
THR.
DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

21.
BROWN-
CROWNED
AREDRe
DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

22.
LUNULATED
THR.

DeEscripT10ONn

ACE.

Ae a RO aera

frequently about two feet from the ground, making fudden darts at
femething, which on more minute attention was found to be a fort
of worm, which this bird by a chirping note and tremulous motion
of the wings, with the tail widely expanded, feemed to fafcinate or
entice out of its hole inthe ground. ‘The account adds, that the
bird itfelf is in its turn frequently fafcinated by a Sake; but this
circumftance we have reafon to fuppofe is not peculiar to this {pecies,
as we find it recorded of other birds,

SIZE of the Miffel Thrufo: \eneth twelve inches: plumage above
pale green; beneath pure white: the eye placed in the fore part
of an oval patch of blue: quills dull ruft colour: tail rounded or
flightly cuneiform : bill and legs flate colour.
Inhabits New Holland, where it is rare: has a fineular whiftling
note, and is often feen purfuing {maller birds. -

HIS {pecies is about fix inches long: bill pale blue: legs black:
back and wings black; but the quills are edged with white:

‘the chin is black, from thence to the vent white; but the fides of

the body next the wings, and the crown of the head, are brown.
FInhabits New Holland ; frequently feen about Port Fack/on, in New
South Wales.

S! ZE ofa Mifél Thrujh, but of a ftouter make: bill black, rather
bent towards the tip: legs pale, inclining to yellow: tongue
fhort, briftly at the end: the plumage on the-upper parts of the
body, wings, and tail are brown ; beneath from the chin to the vent
white, every where marked with crefcents of black; tail fhort.
Inhabits New South Wales.

D oF RU, S- A:

GIZE of the Song Thrufh: bill pale, in fhape much like that of
the common Thrufh ; tongue fharp at the tip: the general colour
of the plumage is dark greenifh brown: chin, and fore part of the
neck pale grey; the breaft marked with large dufky fpots: tail even
at the end: legs yellow.
Inhabits New Holland.

IZE of the laft: plumage in general pale olive brown, paler

beneath; wings and tail darkeft: the crown of the head appears
remarkably flat, rifing fcearcely above the level of the bill; between
the noftrils and eye, the parts rife into a fort of yellowifh creft,
margined above with black ; behind the eye a roundith crimfon {pot,
edged with black: bill and !egs red.

Inhabits New South Wales, where it is known by the name of
Dilbong : defcribed from a drawing of Mr, Lambert.

IZE of a Song Thrufh: length ten inches: bill bent a trifle at the

tip, and brown: legs brown: the head and fides of it beneath -

the eye, hind part of the neck and back blueifh black: chin and all
the under parts white: wings and tail brown.

Inhabits New South Wales, called there Bana-will] will; faid to feed
on fies and infects.

IZE of the laft: bill ftout, blue; tip black: the top of the head
even with the eyes deep blue: back, wings, and tail brown; the
quills darkeft, tipped with white: the under parts of the body ftom
Supp. IL. “Bib ‘the

185
2a
SOOTY
THR.
DescRiPTion.

Prace,

24.
BLACK-
BROWED
THR.
Description.

CATCHING
THR,
DescripTion.

Place.

26.
BLUE-HEADEB
THR.
DEscRIPTiIon.

186

PLace.

27.
MAXILLARY
THR.

Desgriprron,

PraceE.

28.
FRIVOLOUS
THR.
DeEscripTion.

PLace«
29.
SORDID

THR.

DEsCRIPTION.

Pace:

ie: He) ROU) iS EE:

the chin yellowifh white, croffed with many fine lines of black next
the wings: tail rounded, the outer margins of all the EEUABIS marked
with triangular {pots of white: legs blue.

Tahabies New South Wales: manners and name unknown...

IZE of the laft: crown of the head black, paffing between the

bill and eye on each fide, and ending ima large patch below the
jaw: hind part of the neck dull blue: back, wings, and tail brown,
with a tinge of greenifh bronze on the thoulders, mixed with black
and green: all the under parts of the body pale blueifl white : tail
even at the end; the tips of all the feathers of it white: the bill has.
both mandibles fghtly curved, and brown: irides orange: legs
yellow. :

Met with at Port Fack/on, in New Ficlland.

IZE of the others: bill black: legs lead colour: the upper parts

of the body and wings brown; beneath white, inclining to rufous
on the fides of the neck and breaft, and to yellow on the fides under
the wings: forehead and half the crown mixed cinereous and white:
quills fomewhat paler, and the tail darker than the reft of the plu-
mage; the laft rather fhort. -

Found. with the former at Port Fack/on.

“HIS has a ftrong bill, of a pale blue colour: the plumage in
general is greenifh afh : wings and tail black; on the outer edge
of the wing a long ftreak of white; the tips of all but the two middle
tail. feathers white ; the wings long, reaching almoft to the end of the
tail. .
Inhabits various parts of New Holland.

TED RA Sh ig

ENGTH about ten inches: general colour of the plumage pale
brown, inclining to afh colour beneath, and a little mottled on
the breaft: the tail is cuneiform, and pretty long, but the wings are
remarkably fhort, fcarcely reaching to the rump: the bill and legs
are dufky: at the gape and before the eyes a few black briftles:
irides blueifh.
Inhabits New South Wales, and is chiefly feen on the ground, or
at moft taking very fhort flights, being unable to accomplifh long
ones, from the fhortnefs of the wings.

IZE of a Miféel Thrufb: bill pale red; tongue briftly: legs pale

red: head, hind part of the neck and fides of the breaft dufky
black: back and wing coverts greenifh brown: breaft and belly
olive yellow: chin, fore part of the neck and vent white: quills
olive brown; the leffer ones barred with black: tail olive above and
pale beneath: at the back of the neck are tranfverfe black marks,
and between that and the fides of the breaft a few fagittal marks.

Inhabits New South Wales: is migratory, coming in the {pring for
the purpofe of incubation, and departing in autumn.

HIS fpecies has the upper parts pale brown, fpotted with black :

the fore part as far as the breaft flate colour, from thence red-

difh white: fides over the thighs and vent marked with fhort black

ftreaks: over the eye a white ftreak: the chin is white ; below this

on each fide is a rufous patch reaching behind the eye: quills and
tail dufky: bill black: legs yellow.

Bb 2 Inhabits

187

40.
SHORT-
WINGED
THR.
Descaiprion.

PLace.

ts
YEPLOW.
BELLIED
THR.
DescrRiprion.

PLaAce.

32.

PUNCTATED
THR.

DescriPrion.

183

PLACE.

33«
ASIATIC
THR.

DESCRIPTION.

"Bee RS CS ee
Tnhabits New South Wales. For the defcription of feveral of the.
above, I am indebted to my friend Mr. Lambert, and for many to
real {pecimens from time to time brought into this kingdom, now in
poffeffion of Mr. Wilfon, and others of my friends, but unfortunately
in either cafe with little or no hiftory of their manners annexed...

GIZE of a Nightingale: length near fix inches: bill and legs black:
the head, juft including the eye, and all the. upper parts of the
body and wings, are black; but the greater quills are edged with
yellow, and the leffer have white margins: the greater wing coverts.
have white ends, making when clofed a bar on the wing ; above this
is a fhorter bar of white: all the under parts are yellow: tail eS
inclining to olive green.
In the collection of General Davies, who fuppofed it to come from.
China, as he met with it among other preferved birds from that part
of the world.

GE AT (hee iE! Re

G BN Us) DOCK: \C FA ToT ER ER.

N° 5. Carolina Ch. N° 3. Yellow Ch.
2.. Cupreous Ch. 4. Crefted Ch: .

Ampelis Garrulus, Jud. Orn. i. p. 364. 1. 8.
Crown Bird or Cedar Bird, Bartr. Trav. p. 288.
Chatterer of Carolina, Gen. Sy. ili. p.93. 1. A.-

R. Bartram obferves that this bird is to be feen in little flocks -:
or flights, in all the regions from. Canada to New Orleans, on the -
Mififippi, but how much. farther fouth and fouth-weft not cértain. -
The longeft period of their appearance in .Pennfylvania, is in the -
{pring, and firft of Fune, at the time when the early cherries are ripe ; .
alfo in the autumn, when the Cedar berriés* are in perfection 5 .

and they generally arrive'in large flocks. .

The late Mr. Tunjtall. iAfocmied me, that here and there one of
thefe had not only the waxen appendages tothe quills, but that
three or four of the tail feathers were tipped in the fame manner: the
fame circumftance happens alfo in the one which inhabits Europe; as in
a bird of this kind fent to me by Dr. Hey/bam, killed in Northumber-

Jand, one of the wings had eight appendages, the other feven, and .
five of the tail feathers were tipped in a fimilar way; but the fex of .

this bird could not be afcertained.

& Juniperus Americana, -

189,

i.
CAROLINA .
CH.

PLAGE...

190

2:
CUPRLOUS
CH
DESCRIPTION.

Piace.

3.
YELLOW
CH.

DeEsCRIPTIONe

4.
CRESTED

DescrIPTION.

Place.

CrnvA Tie HR wey R.

Ampelis cuprea, Ind. Orn. i. p. 366. 8.
Cotinga cupiea, Merrem. ic. dv. p. 5. t. 1. f. 2. :
SIZE of the Red Chatterer, with a correfponding bill, and at firft
fight not unlike that bird: the general colour is olive; the feathers
gloffed with copper and orange bronze at the tips: the crown is red ;
cheeks orange; the breaft and belly fanguineous, gloffed with green on
the margins. On comparing it with the Red Chaiterer, we further find
that the feathers of the head and neck are fmaller and ftiffer than the
others ; thofe on the cheeks:curled, on the ears full and long; and the
wings are longer, for they reach above a quarter way on the tail,
which is rounded at the end: legs brown.
Inhabits Surinam.

Ampelis lutea, Izd. Orx. i. p. 368, 13.—Mu/. Carlf, fa/c- iii. t. 70.

ENGTH fix inches and a half: bill black; at the gape a fpot

of white: the body above is olive brown; beneath yellow, grow-

ing white towards the vent; rump yellow: the two middle tail

feathers are black, tipped with yellow, the others dufky yellow: the

Jegs are black.

Weare not told from whence the above came: the bill is a trifle

bent, but very fharp at the tip, appearing more like that of an Oriole
than.a Chatterer.

Ampelis criftata, Ind. Orn. i. p. 368.14.—f. F. Miller, ill. t. 15. C.

N this the head is crefted: the back red: the cheeks and belly
white: wings and tail black. |
Inhabits America.

Go iO. SBOE A kK,

Genus XXXV. GROSBEA K.

N° 1. Grenadier Gr. N° 10. Ath coloured Gr:
2. Hudfonian Gr, 11.. Ferruginous Gr.
3. Sociable Gr. 12.. Frontal Gr.
4. Philippine Gr. 13. Muftachoe Gr.
5. Sumatran Gr. 14. Blue-winged Gr..
6. Caffrarian Gr. 15. Fafcinating Gr.
7. Fafciated Gr. 16. Black-lined Gr...
8. Prafine Gr. 17. Nitid.Gre.
g. Sunda Gr.

Loxia orix, Ind. Orn. i. p. 376. ‘17. Var—=Spalowf. Vog. i. tab. 31 ?——Ger, Orns.

iii. t. 323.—Daudin. Orn. ii. p: 377.
Grenadier Grofbeak, Var. Gen. Syz. ui..p. 120. 16. Var...

if may be obferved, from viewing the different figures a this bird, ,
that it varies greatly: In one of thefe faid to come from Senegal, ,

the black on the‘ chin was wanting; the tail fhort and brown, and
the tail coverts fo long as to entirely hide the tail from-view: and in
another irom the fame place, the fame circumftance of the length of
tail coverts occurred; the black on the belly mixed with white, and
the colour by no means of a deep red, but a fiery orange.

Mr. Thunberg obferves, that thefe are feen at the Cape of Good Hope
in immenfe flocks, near the rivers, and make the neft among the
reeds; and that the eggs are perfectly green: the hen always grey ;
but from Fuly to Fanuary the blood-red feathers of the male gradually
appear ; they are faid firft to devour the bloffoms of the wheat, and
afterwards the corn itfelf*.

This {pecies is faid to be gregarious, and build their nefts in large
focieties +.

* Thunberg’s Travs iis p. 14. + Barrow’s Trav. p. 243>

19k

i.
GRENADIER

(192

HUDS ONL AN
GR.

DescriPrion.

PLAce.

DESCRIPTION.

‘PLAGE.

GieR O}SW BYE aAnck.

Loxia Hudfonica, Jzd. Orn. i. Pp. 379. 28.
Bouvreuil de la Baye d’Hudfon, Daud. Orn. ii. p..416.

ENGTH five inches: bill fhort, thick, and brown: plumage
above deep brown, but the feathers moftly-margined with ru-
fous; the greater and middle wing coverts tipped with the fame, pro-
ducing a bar on the wing: breaft and belly-white, marked with long
brown dafhes: the middle of the belly and vent) white: tail a trifle
forked: legs brown.
Inhabits Ludjon’s Bay; known there by the name of Atic-koom-a-/hifh.

*Loxia focia, Jad. On i Pagorengige
Tifferin republicain, Daud. Orn. ii. p. 397.
Loxia, Paterjon’s Cap. p. 133. t. in p. 126.—Bird and neff.

‘CTZE ofa Bulfinch : length five inches and a half: bill and

lore black: the general colour of the plumage rufous brown;

‘beneath yellow: region of the ear yellowith: tail fhort: legs brown.

Inhabits the interior parts of the Cape of Good Hope, building in

waft numbers, in one fociety, on the Mimofa Trees, uniting: their fe-

veral nefts under one common roof; and it is faid that not fewer than
800 or 1,000 form together one community ; not perhaps that this
circumftance happens in one year, for they are obferved to add to the
fize of the neft from year-to :year, till the tree, unable to bear any
further. addition of -weight, neceffarily falls beneath its load, when the
birds are in courfe conftrained to fearch a new place of abode. Mr.
Paterfou, on examining one of thefe, found many entrances, each of
which formed a regular ftreet, with nefts on both fides, at about two

inches diftance from each other. ‘The material with which thefe

birds build, is called Bofhman’s Grafs; and the feeds of it faid to be
their principal food ; but the wings and legs of infects have been like-

wife obferved in the nefts.

ns M. Daudin

@ iB yO Sr ByB SA:

M. Daudin fappofes the Totty Grofbeak* to bea variety, which I
mutt leave for further inveftigation.

This fpecies not only is obferved to make the group of nefts on
the Acacia Trees, but likewife on the Alo? Dichotoma, which grows to
the ftature ofa tree of no inconfiderable fize; for Mr. Barrow +
mentions the circumftance of one which had fteps cut out on its
trunk, to enable a perfon to climb up to obtain the neft of thefe
birds.

Loxia Philippina, Zzd. Orz.i. p. 380. 32.

Tifferin des Philippines, Daud. Orz. ii. p. 394.

Baya, Berbera, &c. Affatic Refearches, ii. p. 109.—Bartolomeo’s Voy. to the Eaft
Indies (Engl. ed.) p. 226.

Philippine Grofbeak, Gen, Syx. iil. p. 129. 30.

E are inclined to think that this is the bird called Baya in
India, {aid to be larger than a fparrow, having a yellow brown
plumage, yellowifh head and feet, light coloured breaft, and a conic
very thick beak; and that it is the moft docile of all birds, perching
on its mafter’s hand ; ‘that it builds the neft chiefly on the higheft trees,
efpecially on the Palmyra or Indian Fig Tree, preferring fuch as hang
over the water; the neft is of grafs, fhaped like a bottle with a long
neck, and fufpended at the ends of the branches, the entrance from
beneath; it is faid to ufually confift of two or three chambers: fup-
pofed to feed among other things on fire flies, as the remains are
found in-the neft; is fo docile as to fetch and carry like a dog at
command; it lays many eggs refembling pearls, when boiled the
white is tranfparent, and the flavour of them excellent; it has a
lively note, but is rather what may be called chirping than finging;
much the fame account is given by M. Bartolomeo, in the work above
quoted, who adds, that thefe birds chiefly frequent the cocoa-nut
trees, in which alfo the greater part of their nefts were obferved.

* Gen. Syn. Sup. p. 156. + Travels in South Africa, p. 393-
Supp, II. Gic

193

4
PHILIPPINE
GR.

DESCRIPTIONe

194

c.
SUMATRAN
GR.
Description.

PLAcE.

6.
CAFFRARIAN
GR.

DiscripTiOn.

PLACE,

G R-O S BE A ®

Loxia hypoxantha, Ind. Orn. 1. p. 384: 44.—Daudin. Orn. it. p. 429.—-Mufe
Carll: il. t. 71.
IZE of a Yellow Hammer: the bill and legs are of a pale colour:
irides rufous: the general colour of the plumage of the upper
parts is yellowifh green: the forehead and all the under parts yellow :
wings dufky black, with yellow margins: tail black alfo, even at the
end, and the margins of the feathers yellow.
Inhabits the rice fields of the ifland of Sumatra, from whence a
fpecimen was brought, and continued alive for fometime in the col-
lection of Count Carlfon.

Loxia Caffra, 7nd. Ora. i. p. 393. 78 —AG. Stock. 1784. p. 289;
Fringilla Caffra longicauda, Spalowyk. Vog. iii, t. 42. fem ?
IZE of the Bulfinch: bill cinereous brown: general colour of
the plumage black ; with a tail longer than the body, and fome-
times of double the length: the quills are brown margined with white:
wing coverts white: fhoulders crimfon: legs grey. ¢
Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope: at certain feafons the ma/z is grey,
but the female is continually of that colour: faid to build in marfhy
places *. I fufpect this bird to be the fame as my Orange-/houldered
Bunting, but as 1 do not find the bird any where figured, I cannot
afcertain the circumftance; perhaps the one above referred to in
Spalow/ki may prove the female.
Mr. Zhunberg, in his travels, talks of a bird called Lang/taart,
which is found in the marfhes and low fields about Sea Cow River;
likens it to a goldfinch in its red velvet or fummer drefs ; but dif-

* Mr. Barrow fays the neft is curious, compofed of grafs, plaited into a
round ball, faftened between two reeds; the entrance through a tube, the orifice of
which is next the water: thought to be polygamous; for although thirty or forty
nefts are often in one clump of reeds, never more than two males are feen amongft
them. Barrow’s Trav. p. 24.4.

+ Vol. ii. p. 64.

I fering

a

G RGOQ;) Sy Bi FAK,

fering in that the tail was longer than the body : in winter the cock
is grey, as the hen, who has not a long tail, is all the year round.
Its flow flight, on account of the length of its tail, make it not only
eafy to fhoot, but in rainy or windy weather may almoft be caught
with the hands; there is little doubt but that this and the foregoing
are the fame.

Loxia fafciata, Ind, Orn. i. p. 395. 87.-—Nat. Mic. ii. pl. 56.—Ger. Orn. ili.

tab. 358. f. 1. fem ?

Fafciated Grofbeak, Gen. Syz, iii. p. 156. 80.—Id. Sup. p. 154.

AVING an opportunity of examining both fexes of this bird,

I obferved that in the ma/e, the chin and throat were of a filvery
whitenefs: breaft and belly pale cinnamon colour; middle of the
belly chefnut: quills black, with the fecondaries tipped with pale
cinnamon: tail black ; all but the two middle feathers have a fpot
of white on the inner web at the tip, but on the outermoft the whole
of the inner tip is white.

The female differs in being every where paler, and in wanting the

crimfon band on the throat; the under part wholly pale cinnamon
colour, and the white at the tips of the tail feathers lefs confpicuous.

Loxia prafina, Izd. Orn. i, p. 396. 91-—Mu/f. Carlf. fafe. iii. t. 72. 73.
Bouvreuil prafin, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 422.
SIZE of a Sikin: the male is olive green; beneath yellowith orey:
the rump red, as alfo a feather or two on the belly: the legs
yellow: tail rounded, black; the two middle feathers red above ;
the others the fame on the outer margin.

The female is olive brown, beneath yellow grey: the rump dull
red: quills cinereous, eight of the fecondaries whitifh on the anterior
margins and tips: the tail feathers black tipped with white: the bill
in both black.

Inhabits the ifland of ¥eva ; found in the rice fields,

Ciey2

EMS
FASCIATED
GR.

DeEscRIPTION,

8.
PRASINE
GR.
DescRIPTION.

Puace.

196

9.
SUNDA
GR.

DeEscRIPTION.

PLACE.
10.
ASH-
COLOURED

GR.
DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

It.
FERRUGINOUS
Gi»

’ DsscrRiPrion,

PLAce.

Gi OF Ss Beak Pea ike

Loxia Javentfis, Mu/. Carl/. fajc. iv. t. 89.

IZE of a Bulfinch: general colour greyifh brown: top of the
head black; from the chin, the under parts are paler than the
upper, and the belly and thighs white: quills black; the fecondaries _
brown, with ferruginous margins: tail black: legs pale yellow.
Inhabits Sumatra and Fava.

Loxia cinerea, Mu/. Carl/. fa/c. iv. t. 88.

HIS may be ranked among the larger fized Grofbeaks: the
bill is tout, and very pale: the plumage above cinereous brown:
belly nearly white: the head has the feathers elongated into a creft
at the back part: the tail is pretty long, and rounded in fhape; the
feathers black, margined outwardly with white: the legs red.
Inhabits Malacca, Sumatra, Fava

Loxia ferruginofa, Muf. Carl/. fa/e. iv. t. go. gt.

IZE of the White-headed Grofbeak, which it much refembles:

general colour of the body ferruginous: crown, nape, and fides
of the head white; bafe of the bill, chin, and throat black: on the
belly before the thighs a large fpot of black: quills black: tail dull
ferruginous: bill ftout and cinereous: legs black.

The female is of a general brown colour, paler beneath, or pale

afh colour: quills black, more or lefs edged with ferruginous: bill
and legs black.

Inhabits the Haft Indies.

Gr Re ROS” SUB R CAr IK:

Bengali a front pointillé, Daudiz. Orn. ii. p. 445.

IZE of the 4maduvade : bill pale grey ; at the forehead and corners
of the mouth a few ferrated black feathers, each tipped with
white: upper part of the head and neck pale rufous, of the body
cinereous grey, the edges of the feathers paler: throat and under
parts of the body white: legs and claws pale grey.
Inhabits Senegal, from whence feveral have been brought alive to
Paris.
Bengali myftacin, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 446.
Slee of 2 Wren: length under four inches: bill reddifh brown,
with a black tip: head, and upper parts of the neck reddifh
brown; above the eye a ftreak of bright red, and another of the
fame at the corners of the mouth: throat and fore part of the neck
pale grey.: upper parts of the body, wings, and tail brown, inclining
to olive; beneath whitifh grey: legs flefh colour: claws grey.
Inhabits Cochin China.

CIZE of a Bunting: \ength feven inches: general colour cinereous
brown: round the bafe of the bill as far as the eyes confiderably
darker : wings wholly of a deep blue, but the bafe of the outer quills
white, forming a long white fpot on the outer edge of the middle
of the wing: tail the fame, but paler than the wings ; the ends of all
the feathers white: bill and legs blue.
Inhabits New South Wales; found at Port Fackfon. From a drawing
by General Davies.

X

IZE of a Bulfinch, but longer: the plumage on the upper parts

in general dufky black, inclining to brown; the under white :
one or mere of the outer tail feathers white: bill and legs dufky.

Inhabits New Holland: at Port Yackfon is called the fmaller fafci-
nating bird, having the manners exactly of the Fa/cinating Thrujh.

197
We
FRONTAL
GR.

DeEscripPrion,.

PLace.

13.
MUSTACHOE
GR.
DEsCRIPTION.»

Place.
14.
BLUE-WINGED
GR.

DescriPrion.

PLace.
15.
FASCINATING
GR.

DESCRIPTION.

Brac.

198
16.
BLACK-LINED
GR.

DESCRIPTION.

DirscriprTion.

13.
WAX-BILL
GROSBEAK.

GAO! (SB VAGIK:

IZE of a fmall Linnet: general colour grey, paler beneath, croffed

every where with numerous flender lines of black; between the
bill and eye black, furrounding the eye, and ending in a point juft
behind it: the bill is ftout, and of a fine crimfon colour: the lower
part of the back and rump are alfo fine crimfon: legs pale brown.

inhabits New South Wales, where a fingle fpecimen was met with
in May; called Weebong.

IZE of the laft, but ftouter in the body: the general colour of

the plumage pale olive brown above, and dufky white beneath,
croffed every where with fhort abrupt curved lines of black: quills
and tail brown, marked with feveral bands of a darker colour: the
bill, irides, lower part of the back and rump are crimfon: legs yel-
lowith.

Found in the fame place and at the fame time as the laft.

Loxia aftrild, zd. Orn. 1. p. 376. 75..
Waxbill Grofbeak, Gen. Syn. ili: p. 152. 71.

HE amazing flocks of this fpecies may in fome degree be con-
ceived, from the circumftance of fixty-three having been fhot at
one difcharge of a fmall fowling-piece *.

* Barrow’s Trav. Pp. 373°

P1.CXXXI,

Zp

oe Nihil Grosbeak ;

Publisha as te Act directs May 30,1801, by Leigh, Sotheby k& Son Sorke Sireet, Covent Garden.

Be USN) Phebe. Ni Gi

Genus XXXVI BUNTING..

N° 1. Yellow-winged B. N° 8. Painted B.
2. Cirl B. g. Varied B.
3. Crimfon B. 10. Coloured B.
4. Baden B. 11. Dauurian B.
5. Ruddy B. 12, Yellow-browed B.
6. Ruftic B. 13. Luteous B.
7. Dwarf B.

Emberiza chryfoptera, Ind. Orz. i. p. 401. g.
Yellow-winged Bunting, Portlock’s Voy. pl. in p. 35. Male and female. .

IZE of the Yellow Bunting: bill brown: plumage on the upper
part of the body reddifh brown: fides of the head quite round
the eye, the chin, and fore part of the neck white; at the lower part
a bar of reddifh brown like a collar: breaft yellowifh, from thence
to the vent dufky white: the leffer wing coverts yellowith; the reft
of the wing as the back, the edges of the feathers yellowith: tail
as the back, but the two outer feathers on each fide yellow: legs
yellow. This is the male: the female is not greatly different, but the
leffer wing coverts are pale afh colour: fides of the head, chin, and
throat dufky white.
Inhabits Falkland I/lands.

Emberiza Cirlus, Ind. Qra.i. p. 401. 10.—Gér. Orz, ili. t. 349.1. & 2?
Cirl Bunting, Gen. Syz. iii. p. 190. 26.
<a HE Cirl Bunting has not we believe hitherto been afcertained to
be a Britifh fpecies: Colonel Montagu has however been fortu-
nate enough to detect it laft year in Devonfbire, in the month of
February,

i)

Be
YELLOW-
WINGED
B.
Dzrscrirrion,

€Co

3.
CRIMSON-
BELLIED
B

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

4e
BADEN
B

De3criprion.

Butane en, INGO G:

February, fince which he has met with feveral of both fexes, and
conjectures that this fpecies breeds in thofe parts; it cannot be won-
dered how the circumftance may till now have efcaped the obferva-
tions of the naturalift, the female being extremely like that fex of the
Yellow Bunting, fo as to deceive almoft any one. Ina letter from

~ the late Mr. Hudjon, he fays: I am convinced that I faw in Devonfhire,

in pretty good plenty, the Ember. Cia or Foolifb Bunting, and which
might before then have been miftaken for the hen of a Yellow Bunt-
mg; but on my relating this to Colonel Montagu, he fays he has never
met with it, which he moft likely muft have done had it inhabited
thofe parts, and where the Colonel has refided himfelf for a long
time paft.

Emberiza coccinea, dnd. Orn. i. p. 410. 34.—Naturforfch. xill. p. 199. ( Sanders.)

SIZE of the Yellow Hammer: the bill, head, eyes, and a {mall
ftreak beneath the bill are black: hind head and tail black gloffed
with blue: the upper parts of the body are filvery grey, the under
crimfon: vent white: on the wings a fpot of white.
Inhabits the woods .of Baden, in Germany, feeds on hemp feeds.

Emberiza Badenfis, Ind. Orn. i. p. 411. 39.—Naturfor/ch. xiii. p. 198. (Sanders. )

HIS has much affinity to the O/ve Bunting; is almoft a fpan
long, and in breadth rather more: the bill is black, beneath it
yellowifh, in the middle of the upper mandible a fingle ftout inden-
tation; noftrils covered with feathers: the general colour of the
plumage is olive ftreaked with dufky, beneath paler: throat orange:
breaft ftreaked with dufky: legs yellowifh: found at Baden with the

- Taft fpecies.

Bw N Ea. NCE:

Emberiza rutila, zd. Orn. i. p. 411. 40.—Pall, &. iii. p. 698. 23.

SIZE of the Yellow Hammer: general colour rufous, with a fan-
guineous tinge ; beneath brimf{tone coloured: wings rufty grey.
Inhabits the willows on the borders of the Oxon, in Sibivia, towards
the borders of Adongolia, but 1s a rare {pecies.

Emberiza ruftica, Ind. Oru. i. p. 413. 51.—Pallas reife, ili. p. 698. 21.

IZE of the Reed Sparrow: the head is black, marked with three

white bands, one down the crown, the two others above each
eye: the general colour of the plumage on the upper parts like that
of a fparrow; the under white: the nape and fhoulders are ferrugi-
nous: the throat marked with teftaceous dots: the two outer tail
feathers obliquely tipped with white.

Inhabits the willow beds of Dauuria, moft frequent in March.

Emberiza pufilla, Ind, Orn. i. p. 414. 54.—Pallas reife, tii. p. 697. 20.

"THIS is fcarcely fo big as a Si/kin; in general colour not unlike
the laft: on tne head and fides of it five teftaceous bands, the
intermediate fpaces between which are black: throat fpotted.
Inhabits the rivers, and the larch grounds, among the torrents of
the Dauurian Alps.

Emberiza Ciris, Ind. Orm.i. p. 416. 61.

Linaria Ciris, or Painted Finch, Bartr. Trav. p. 289.

Paffer brafilienfis, male and female, Ger. Orn. iii. t. 344. 1. 2
Painted Bunting, Ger. Sym iii. p. 206. 54.—Jd. Sup. p. 159.

R. Bartram obferves, that the fong of this bird is remarkably
low, foft and warbling, exceedingly tender and foothing; that it

is not feen north of Cape Fear, in North Carolina, generally about ten
Supp, Il. Dd miles

201
Boe
RUDDY

B.
DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.
6.
RUSTIC

B

Description.

PLACE.

7
DWARF
EB.
DEscRIPTION«

- Prace.

8.
PAINTED

9:
VARIED
B

DescripTioNn.

PLacz.

oe GE
COLOURED
B

DescRIPTION.

Pracs.

It.
DAUURIAN
B

DeEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

BUEN? -T. 0) Ny *G:

miles from the fea coaft, or perhaps twenty or thirty miles at fartheft,
and for the moft part near the banks of great rivers, in the fragrant
groves of oranges.

Emberiza mixta. Ind. Orn. i. p, 416. 62.—Amen. Acad. iv. p. 245. 20.

IZE of a SiRin: the general colour of the plumage grey: the bill

is thick, and of a pale colour: the grey colour is fo mixed with
blue, that in fome lights this laft colour appears predominant: the
region of the ears, throat, breaft, and bend of the wing blue green:
the belly is white, but the bafe of the feathers is brown: thighs grey,
intermixed with blueifh feathers: legs pale.

Inhabits China.

Emberiza fucata, Ind, Orn. i. p. 419. 73.—Pall. reife, iti. p. 698. 22

QIZE of the Foolif> Bunting: the general colour above is like that
of a Sparrow; but the crown and part of the nape hoary afh-
colour; the fhafts of the feathers brown: the neck white, with a
circle of brown {pots on the throat, and a round rufous fpot on the
ears.
Inhabits the rivers Oxon and Ingoda, in Rufia, on the banks of
which it is found plentifully ; firft met with in 4pri/.

Emberiza fpodocephala, Jud. Orn. 1. p. 419.74.—Pall. reife, iil. p. 698. 29.

IZE ofa Reed Bunting: plumage like that of a Sparrow, with

the under parts yellowifh: the head and neck hoary afh colour :

face round the bill black.
Found fparingly about the torrents of the Dauurian Alps in fpring.

BUNTING. 208

12.
: ee YELLOW
Emberiza chryfophrys, Ind. Orn. i. p. 419. 75.—Pail. reife, ili. p. 698. 25. : BROWED
: : é 5 B.
HE general colour of this fpecies is not unlike the laft: the Description.

crown is black, over the eye a yellow ftreak ; a white band from
the middle of the crown to the nape.
This is found in the fame places as the laft: from our want of PLace.
better information concerning this fpecies, we dare not pofitively affirm
chat it is not fomewhat allied to the White-crowned Bunting *.

Emberiza luteola, Mu/: Carl. faf. iv. t.93. LUTLOUS

HIS {pecies on the upper parts is reddifh brown, with markings Dee.
of darker brown ; beneath more or lefs yellow: rump greenifh
brown: quills and tail brown, with pale margins: bill brown: legs
pale yellow.
Inhabits Jvdia; the above brought from Coromandel. Prace.

# Gen. Sym iil, pe 200.

Dda

tr.
SILENT
ane

DescRIPTION.

PLACE

Ze
YELLOW-
FRONTED

aE

DsscRIPTION.

© AON ALG Bs oe.

Genus XXXVII TANAGER.

N° x. Silent ‘T. N° 3. Rude T.
2. Yellow-fronted T. 4. Showy T..

Tanagra, filens, Ind. Orn. i. pi'432. 42:
Tanagre de la Guiane, P/, Exl. 742.

LENGTH feven inches : bill black: general colour of the plum-
age sreen, but the head and under parts are hoary 5 fides of the
head black ; over the eyes a ftreak of white: throat white; beneath
this a curved bar of black: fhoulders yellow.
Inhabits the thick woods of Guiana: is a folitary bird; oftener
found fitting on the ground, than perched on a tree; and by no
means endowed witha fong.

Emberiza flayifrons, Mu/ Carl/. fafc. iv. t. 92:

SIZE of the Rufous-headed Tanager: bill and legs black: crown;.
hind head, and beginning of the nape blue; but the feathers are
brown at the bafe: the forehead yellow: the reft of the plumage
green, but inclining to yellow on the throat: quills and tail dufky
black.
Its native place is not mentioned, but we fufpect it to be South
America; and that itis very probably the young bird, or a female of
the one we have compared it with aboye..

PAN ATG! FoR,

Tanagra rudis, Mu/: Carlf fae. iv. tab. 94.

HIS is about eight inches in length: bill cinereous brown: the
top of the head, nape, and between the fhoulders, black brown:
back and rump rufty brown: breaft, belly, and vent, rufo-ferrugi-
nous: wings and tail dufky; the laft rather long: legs cinereous.
Inhabits the Coromandel Coa/t, in the Eaft Indies.

Tanagra ornata, Mu/. Carl/. fa/c. iv. tab. 95.

SIZE of the Sayacu: the upper parts of a brownifh green; the
under pale grey: the head of a pale blueifh violet colour; the
leffer wing coverts not unlike the back; the middle ones tipped with
yellow, making a bar on the wing; the reft brownifh green: quills
black; the outer margins greenifh yellow: tail not unlike the quills:
bill and legs dufky grey.
Inhabits the Haft Indies.

208

3.
RUDE
Ts
DESCRIPTION,

PLaAce,

4.
SHOWY
4h

DESCRIPTION.

PLacE,

206

fe
RED-
CROWNED
iE

DESCRIPTION.

2s
SWAMP
EB

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

By a Nar Cin Eh

Genus, XXXVIII. FINCH.

N°’ 1. Red-crowned F. N° 9. Sharp-tailed F.
2, Swamp F. 10. Georgian F.
3. Rofy F. 11. Red Pole F.
4. Crimfon-headed F. _ 12. White-headed F,
5. Pine F. 13. Sultry F.
6. Foreft F. 14. Nitid F.
7. Bearded F, 15. Temporal F.
8. Chili F.

Fringilla ruticapilla, Zzd. Orn.ie p. 438. 14.—Mu/f. Carlf. fa/e. ii. tab. 44.

THE bill in this bird is brown; the plumage on the upper parts

of the body of the fame colour: crown and hind head reddifh,
margined before and on the fides with black: face and cheeks white,
dotted with black: chin ferruginous; breaft ferrugineus afh colour ;
belly and vent afh colour; tail black.

Fringilla iliaca, Ind. Orn.i. p. 438. 15.—Merrem. ic. av. p. 37. t- 10.

IZE of a Starling; length nearly feven inches: bill and legs yel-
low: cheeks white: body above greyifh olive, the feathers
tipped with black ; beneath white; breaft fpotted with grey brown:
rump and tail rufous; the laft even at the end, and grey beneath.
Inhabits North America. 1 have feen this brought both from
Georgia and Hudfon’s Bay; at the former it is rare; at the latter called
Great Sparrow, Swamp, or Wilderne/s Sparrow.

Be Ee NEG. cE.

Fringilla rofea, Ind. Orz.i. p. 444. 33.—Pall. It. iii. p. 699. 26.

IZE of the Brambling: the back is grey and brownifh, mixed with

a general tinge of rofe colour: face white: wings and tail dufky,
externally margined with rofe colour.

Inhabits among the willows about Uda and Selenga, in Sibiria; but

not common,

Crimfon-headed Finch, Ar. Zool. ii. N° 257.

HIS has acrimfon head and breaft, the firft faintly marked
with dufky fpots; fpace behind each eye dufky: back, wing co-
verts, primaries, and tail black, edged with crimfon: belly white,

tinged with red.
Inhabits New York; arrives there in 4pril; is very frequent among
the red cedars, and fhifts meft nimbly around the ftems., The Crim-
Jfon-beaded Finch, Gen. Syn, iil. p. 271. 29. feems to be a further va-

riety.

Fringilla Pinetorum, Ind. Orn. i. p. 445. 40.—Lepech. It. ii. p. 188.

HIS is teftaceous, inclining to rufous above, beneath yellow ;
on the breaft a tranfverfe ferruginous band.
Inhabits the pine forefts of Sibiria.

Fringilla fylvatica, Ind. Orn. i. p- 446.41.—Lepech, It. ii. t. 7.f. 2,

HE head of this bird is fafciated; the body mixed grey and
black: breaft and belly hoary.
Found with the lait,

207

gs
ROSY
F

DEscRIPTION.
Place.

CRIMSON.
HEADED
F,
DEscRIPTIO¥.

PLACE.

Sens
PINE
F,
DEscRIPTION.

PLace.

6.
FOREST
FE
Descriprion.

PLACEs

208

oie
BEARDED
B

DeEscRIPTIONs

PLACE.

8.
CHILI
F.
DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

9.
SHARP-TAILED

DESCRIPTION.

ot. NG BE

Fringilla barbata, Ind, Orn. i. p. 456. 75.-—Le Siz, Molin, Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 227.

1ZE and habit of the Canary Bird: the bill is white at the bafe,
towards the tip black: head black and velvety: body yellow,

with a flight tinge of green: wings variegated with green, yellow,
red, and black: tail brown: from the chin hangs an elongated tuft of
black feathers, like a beard, which in very old birds reaches to the
middle of the breatft.

The female is wholly grey; the wings fpotted with yellow; but is
deftitute of the chin beard-like feathers ; and has not the leatt fong.

Inhabits the mountainous parts of Chili, next the fea; builds in
trees, making the neft of ftraw and feathers: the eggs are only two
in number. The flefh is accounted favoury, and is therefore in
much eftimation.

The male is often kept in a cage for the fake of its fong, and it
is faid alfo to be a mimic of others. The Spaniards call it jilguero,
or Goldfinch, which it fomewhat refembles in colour.

Frigilla Diuca, Ind. Orn. i. p. 456. 77- Malin. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 229.

HIS is rather larger than the laft: the general colour blue, with

the throat white.

Inhabits Codi; chiefly about dwellings; fings remarkably well,

efpecially about fun-rife; it feems much allied to, if not the fame as
‘the White-throated Grofbeak *.

Fringilla caudacuta, Zzd. Orz. 1. p. 459. 85.

HIS is four inches and an half in length: bill and legs pale:
iris dark brown: general colour of the plumage mottled brown
and pale rufous; the laft chiefly at the edges of the feathers: the

© Gen. Syite ille Ps 115+ 10. :
throat

Bi ID NAC! EE

throat is pale rufous, and a ftreak of the fame over the eyes; the lower
part of the neck behind rufous, but darker than the throat: tail even
at the end; but the tips of the feathers run off to a fharp point.

Inhabits the internal parts of Georgia, in America. I met with this
at Mr. Humpbries’s, among other fpecimens brought from thence. It
was entitled Spotted Grafs Sparrow.

Fringilla Georgiana, Jud. Ora. i. p. 460. 86.

ENGTH fix inches: bill dufky: irides brown: head brown,
full of feathers: middle of the back -dufky brown; the under
parts are white: chin and throat grey ; beneath the jaw a divaricated
ftreak of black: the lefler wing coverts are rufous, and the quills and
tail feathers are rufous on the outer edges: legs brown.
Found in the fame places as the laft.

Fringilla cannabina, Ind. Orn. i. p. 458. 82.—Bolton’s Br. Birds, pl. 29. 30.
Greater Red-headed Linnet or Redpole, Gen, Syn. ill. pe 304.

HAVE been long inclined to think the poffibility of the Common

or Grey Linnet, as it is called, and the Redpole, proving only one
f{pecies ; and in this 1am encouraged by that excellent obferver Mr.
Boys, of Sandwich, as well as by Colonel Montagu, both of whom have
hinted their fufpicions in refpect to this fact; the way to account for
it is, to fuppofe that the Common Linnet is not complete in refpe& to
the red of the forehead, till the end of the fecond year at fooneft, yet
- ds capable of breeding in the firft {pring after being hatched. I have
obferved in the male NF the Grey Linnet, the mane feathers to appear
externally like the reft of the upper parts, but on lifting them up, a
tinge of red was very manifeft. One of thefe birds brought to me in
the month of Fanuary, was feemingly in its change, for the feathers of

Supp. II. Ee - the

209

PLace.

GEORGIAN

Breen tie

Pracs,

II.
REDPOLE

210

r2.
WHITE-
HEADED
F

Descriprion.

PLAGE.

13.
SULTRY
F

Duserierion.

PLACE.

Bik NG) Ee

the forehead were apparently grey, but on lifting them up with a pin
they were fine crimfon in the middle. As to the red on the breaft,
it is well known that it is only to be feen at certain feafons; and if
the bird be kept in a cage, it entirely lofes it, fo.as never to return.
during confinement.

SIZE of a Bulfinch: head, neck, and under parts from the breaft:
white, marked on the fides and under the wings with a long patch
of black, charged with numerous white fpots; acrofs the breaft a
broad. bar of black communicating with the black on. the fides: be-
fore the eye a crefcent of black : tail fhort and black :. the upper part
of the back, the wings, and tail, are rufous brown;, the lower part of
the back and rump crimfon; the bill alfo is crimfon:. legs pale
brown.
Inhabits New South Wales. From the drawings of General Davies..
Among the drawings of Mr. Lambert, 1 find. a bird greatly corre-
fponding with the above, and which-may not unlikely prove different:
only in fex: the bill and legs are the fame : the head, initead of white;
is pale afh colour: back, wings, rump, and.tail, fimilar to the other,
but rather more pale; but the crefcent of black on the upper part:
of the breaft is the fame, joining with the black on the fides in the:
fame manner, and the fides marked with the fame white fpots ;. the:
under parts from the breaft white.

ENGTH five inches and’ an half:. bill dufky: general- colour-
of the plumage fine pale rufous brown; the under parts are plain,
but on the upper, each feather is ftreaked down the middle with dufky.
black, efpecially the crown, where the ftreaks are very broad and;
diftint: ‘tail.even at the end: legs pale yellow.
Inhabits the Mabratta country in India.

PLCXXXTL

ir Se pee

! { Ree. MURTY
Wi Pin AT
MY 1 alii

——
SS SSS

7 GF =A

Whiteheadel Finch

Tublithd as the Act directs May 30.1801 by Leigh Sotheby t= Joa Darke Surcet. Oven Garden.

Pale No Ge. OIF

NITID
SIZE of a Houfe Sparrow: the bill pale red: legs yellow; plumage chs ae
above, including the tail, pale afh colour; the under parts white,
but the fides next the wings incline to yellow: quills dull ferruginous
yellow : over the eyes a black band, pafling down a little way on the
ears in a broad patch.
' Ynhabits New South Wales. Piace,

Liby2
PEER AL

1Z E uncertain: bill and legs reddifh brown: crown of the head Dart rmbe:
blue grey: upper parts of the body, wings, and tail pale brown;

all the under parts white: from the bill a dull crimfon ftreak arifes,

growing broader at the back part, and forming on the cheeks an oval

patch: rump crimfon.

Several drawings of birds probably allied to this, hee come under
our obfervation: in one of thern, the bill is crimfon, a broad ftreak
of the fame over the eye, and the rump and vent crimfon alfo: the
crown rather full of feathers: the whole of the upper parts of the
plumage and tail green; beneath greenifh white, with a flight reddifh
tinge on the breaft: tail fhort:—ain another, the bill was pale red;
the ftreak over the eye and the rump crimfon: tail fhort, as in the
other: the plumage above greenifh brown; beneath cinereous white.
For thefe I am indebted to the drawings of General Davies; and in
thofe.of Mr. Lambert, I have remarked a third, in which the upper
parts were green; the under greenifh white: bill, ftreak over the
eye, and rump, crimfoa; but differed from the others in having the
tail much longer.

All thefe faid to inhabit New South Wales. - Puace.

Eee

212

fe-
CHILI
PLAC:

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE,

PLANT-CUTTER.

Genus XXXIX. PLANT-CUTTER.

ILL conic, ftrait, ferrated on the edges.
Nostrits oval.
ToncueE fhort, obtufe.

* Witn Four Toes.

Phytotoma Rara; Izd. Oru. i. p. 466. 1.— Molin. Chil. (Fr. ed.), p. 234+.
Phytotome du Chili, ou Rara, Daudin. Ora. ii. p. Be

SIZE of a Quail: bill very ftrong, pointed at the tip,. half an:

inch long, indented like a faw on the edges’: tongue very fhort,.
blunt: irides brown = the back is dufky grey; the under parts paler::
tail of a moderate length, rounded at the end: quills and tail feathers.
fpotted with black. The foot confifts of four toes, three before and!
one behind ; the hind toe much fhorter than the forward ones.

Inhabits Chi, where it is far from uncommon. The voice is.
rough, and the bird at intervals utters the words Ra, Ra, very dif-
tinétly : its food is vegetables, perhaps preferring the parts next the
root, for with much pains, it digs about and cuts off the plants with
its bill, as it were with a faw, clofe to the eround ; from this circum-
ftance, it does much injury to the gardens, and is detefted by the in-
habitants. Thefe birds build the neft in high trees, well cloathed.
with leaves, and in unfrequented places; the eggs are white, fpotted
with red,

Pl. CXXXIN,

eS Ss OY
ap Diba)
ied

#

AMyfunian Lap tcutlers

Lublihd as the Act directs May 30.1801,by Leigh. Sotheby, ke Son:Vork: Street, Covent Garden.

PLAN T-CUT TER.

* * WITH THREE TOES.

Loxia tridaétyla, Jud. Orz.i. p. 397. 93-

Le Guifso Balito, Buf Ov/- ili. p. 471.

Phytotome d’Abyflinie, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 366. 2.
Three-toed Grofbeak, Gen, Syz. iil. ps 471-

IZE of the common Grofeak; length about fix inches: bill
brown: the head and fore part of the neck red; the reft of the
plumage black ; about the fhoulders brownifh, with a tinge of green:
the greater wing coverts appearing as black fcales, margined with
white, flightly tinged with olive: taila trifle forked: legs brown, with
only three toes, two placed before and one behind. :

This isthe defcription given by M. Daudin, from a-drawing fent him
figured from a Nubian fpecimen: it feems, however, to differ a little
frorn that defcribed by Buffon, for that bird is faid to be black, with
not only the head and-fore part of the neck of a beautiful red, but
that colour prolonged in a narrow band quite to the vent: wing
coverts brown, edged with white; and the quills edged ‘with green.
M. Buffon defcribed his from Mr. Bruce’s drawings done in Abyffinia,
where it is faid to be a folitary {pecies, livingon the kernels of almonds,,
the fhells of which it eafily breaks with the bill,

233

ABYSSINIAN
PL. C.

DzscriPTion.

ard FLY CA Fe Ht Rr

GEnus XE. FLYCATCHER.

N° 1. Ferruginous Fl. N° 15. Black crowned Fl.
2. Melodious FI. 16. Rufous-fronted Fl.
3. Yellow-eared Fl. 17. Crimfon-bellied Fl.
4. Yellow-tufted Fl. 18. Black-cheeked Fl.
5- Red-bellied Fl. 19. Muttachoe FI.
6. Paradife FJ. 20. Rofe-winged FI.
7. Defart Fl. 21. Coach-whip FL
8. Cat Fl. 22. Black-breafted Fl.
g. Particoloured Fl. 23. Hooded Fl.
10. Javan Fl. 24. Rofe-breafted Fl.
a1. White Fl. 25. Grey Fl.
12. Cambaian FL 26. Soft-tailed FI.
13. Southern Fl. 27. Orange-rumped FI.

14. Supercilious Fl.

4. Mofcicapa ferruginea, Ind. Or. ii. p. 477. 41.——Merrem. Ic. Av. Ps 19.
FERRUGINOUS t..6.
FL.

Dascription. O1ZE of a Goldfinch; five inches and an half long: bill black,
deprefled at the bafe, with chefnut edges: general colour grey
brown; beneath yellowifh white: throat white: wings black; the
margins of the quills ferruginous: tail fhort and black ; the wings
seach to the bafe of it. (
PLace. Inhabits Carolina.

FEY CA ae HER.

Moufcicapa Aedon, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 478. 42.—Pall. reife, iil. p. 695. 11 *.

CIZE of the Reed Thrufh: above ferruginous brown; beneath

yellowifh white: tail cinereous brown, pretty long; the two mid-
~ dle feathers equal in length, the outer are much fhorter.

Inhabits the rocky and funny places in Dauuria, where it is not un-
common: fings {weetly,.and even in the night, in manner of the
Greater Nightingale, to which it is not inferior in melody, and fully
fupplies the place of that bird;. the Nightingale not being found in
Sibiria.

Mufcicapa Nove Hollandiz; Ind. Orn. ii. p. 478. 43.
Yellow-eared Flycatcher, Wite’s Fourn. pl. in p. 161.

IZE of a Martin; length feven inches: bill broad at the bafe, and
yellowifh: general colour of the plumage brown; whitifh be-
neath: belly quite white; behind the eyes, and beneath them, a ftreak
of yellow, growing broader at the back part: tail pretty long, and the
middle feathers of it rather fhorter than the others.
Inhabits New Holland.

HIS is \confiderably larger than the Hedge Sparrow: bill and
legs black : tongue briftly at the tip:. the general colour of the
plumage on the upper parts is olive green: the crown, and all be-
neath, from the chin, yellow: through the eyes, from the gape, a
large patch of black ; at the back part of which, on the ears, a tuft of
yellow, which tuft confifts of feathers longer than the others: the outer
tail feathers yellow.
Inhabits, Nez Holland, where it is called Darwang, and is a common
9 {pecies,

2k

2.
MELODIOUS
FL.

DeEscRIPTION,

Prace.

DEscrRIpT1ON.

PLace,

4.
YELLOW-
TUFTED

DeEscrIPTION.

Place.

216

Se
RED-BELLIED
FL.

DESCRIPTION

FLY CACHER.
fpecies. The Evglifb named it, as well as the laft, the 2eZow-eared

Flycatcher: is faid to feed principally on honey, which it obtains from
the flowers, by means of its feathery tongue: makes the neft on the
extreme pendent branches of low trees or {hrubs, and by’ this means
efcapes the plunder of various fmaller’quadrupeds, who are unable to
reach the neft with fafety. Whether this is allied to the laft, 1 will
net take upon me to afcertain.

Mofcicapa erythrogaftra, Ind. Ora. ii. p. 479. 30.—Nat. Mic. xlix. pl: 147.

Red-bellied Flycatcher, Gen. Syz. il. p. 343. pl. so.

HESE birds are obferved to be more numerous in Norfolk
Ifland, than in New South Wales; and feem to vary much.

In one from Port Fackfon, in the drawings of General Davies, the
head, neck, back, and wings, are flaty black: quills and tail black :
chin and throat the fame, but paler; on the forehead a white {pet:
breaft purplifh or deep red Jake colour: belly and vent white.

In another, the forehead is not white; inftead of which is a white
ftreak over the eye: the chin is white: the general colour is black,
as in the others: breaft and belly crimfon: vent white: tail rather
fhorter thanin common. ‘The native name Booddang.

In a third variety, there is an oblique ftreak of white on the wine;
and moft of the outer tail feathers white. I have alfo feen this fame
vary with the tail feathers wholly black.

In a fourth, the plumage is black above; beneath wholly deep
crimfon: forehead, juft over the bill, white: on the wing coverts
fome motlings of white.

A further variety has the general colour of the upper parts dufky
or cinereous black: the chin, fore part of the neck, and breaft, crim-
fon: fpot over the forehead, an oblique broad longitudinal ftreak
on the fhoulders of the wings, and all the belly and vent white. This ,
came from Port Fask/on, and was communicated by General Davies,

FLYCATCHER.

Mofcicapa Paradifi, Ind. Orz. ii. p. 480. 546

Paradife Flycatcher, Gen. Syz. ill. p. 345.
I Sufpect the Sifuil Boulboul and White Nightingale, fo called in india,

to be this bird: it is white; the head crefted, and mottled a little

about the fides and creft with black: the tail pretty long*: vent
red: bill like that of a Tbrufh; that and the legs black. Another
of thefe had the creft black, and the vent red; no red about the eye:
it was called Full Doon, or Eniire, or Full Tail, as the tail is pretty
long.

Both thefe from Jndia.

Dr. 7. R. Forfter, in his notes on Bartolomeo’s Voyage to the Eat
7ndies, wonders that this author could affert that the Bird of Paradije
exifted at Malabar +; but this point is without difficulty cleared up,
when we know that it is one of the names which the Paradie Fly-
catcher is known by in India.

~ Mufcicapa Deferti, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 478. 44.—Muf. Carl), fafe. ii. t. 47.
SIZE of the Long-tailed Titmoufe : bill yellowifh: legs black: ge-

neral colour of the plumage dufky ruft colour: wings and tail
black ; the laft half as long again as the body.

Inhabits the deferts of Africa; met with between the river Heui
and the fpring Quamodacka.

* The tail of this, in a drawing which came under my infpetion, appeared to'be
forked; but I have not obferved this circumftance in real {pecimens which I have yet
feen.

+ See a tranflation of this work by William Fohn/ton, 8v0. 1800. p. 224. Note *.

Supp, II. Ff

207

6.
PARADISE
FL.

Description,

PLACE.

WE
DESERT
FL
DeEscrRiIPTion.

Pace.

21g

o
PARTI.
COLOURED
FL.

DascriPrion.

DescRIPTiION.

PLacs.

PLC A We WER: ee

Mufcicapa Carolinenfis, Ind, Orn. ii, p. 483. 64.
Cat or Chicken Bird, Bartr. Trav. p. 288.
Cat Flycatcher, Gen. Syx. iil. p. 353. 54.

rr HIS breeds in Penn/ylvania; 1 have likewife received it fronv

Georgia: it is faid to be very little inferior in fong to the Mocking
Bird; but as an imitator of others, ic far exceeds it, for it repeats the-
melodious and variable airs from inftrumental mufic: it will alfo
often imitate the notes of chickens, and efpecially their cry when in
diftrefs, infomuch as frequently to put the mother into a great fright
when no danger is nigh: is an early fonefter, often beginning before
day-break ; feeds on both infects and fruits; comes in the fpring, and
breeds there, making the neft in coppices and in gardens, near habi-
tations: the irides are dark brown.

Mufcicapa dichroa, Ind. Orn. il. p. 490. 94.
bicolor, Mu. Carl/. fa/c. it. pl. 46.
HIS is eight inches in length: bill and legs dufky: the general’
colour of the plumage cinereous above, and yellow oker coloured
beneath: wing coverts hoary on the margins: tail about the fame
length as the body ; the feathers of it oker coloured and cinereous.
Inhabits the fouthern parts, of Africa.

Mufcicapa Javanica, Jad. Ora. ii. p. 490. 95.—Mujc Carl/: fa/. iis pl. 75~
IZE of the Spotted Flycatcher: bill and legs black : feathers on
the upper furface dufky, with. ferruginous margins ;. beneath, or
the forepart of the neck, a bar of black ; over the eye a line of white =
tail pretty long, rounded at the end; the four middle feathers whoily
black ; the others black, with the ends white.
Inhabits Fava.

FLYCATCHER

Mofcicapa alba, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 490. 96.—Muf. Carl. fafc. iit. pl. 74.

HIS bird is wholly white, the head a little tinged with brim-
ftone: tail long, as in the Wagtail; from this circumftance, the
flendernefs of bill, and make of the whole bird, it would appear rather
to belong to that genus than to the Flycatcher.
Found at Stockholm.

Mufcicapa Cambaienfis, Ind. Orx. ii. p. 490. 97.

IZE of the Black-capped Flycatcher: bill depreffed, broadifh,
dufky, with a few hairs at the bafe: the colour of the upper parts
of the body is black, with a yellowifh green tinge on the back;
beneath fulvous yellow: wing coverts white at the ends, from whence
arifes a double band of that colour on the wing: legs blueith.
Inhabits Cambaia: defcribed from a fpecimen in the Briti/h Mu-
Sem.

Southern Motacilla, White's Fourn. pl. in p. 239.

HIS rather exceeds the Cinereous Flycatcher in fize: bill and legs

pale brown: the general colour of the plumage is cinereous
brown on the upper parts and tail; the under a fine yellow: over
the eye a ftreak of yellow, and a double trace of the fame behind it:
the chin and vent paler than the reft of the under parts.

Inhabits New Holland. The {pecimens vary; fome of them have
the crown, hind part of the neck, and back, blueifh brown: wings
brown ; the edges of the quills whitifh: the traces above and beneath
the eye white; and the ends of the two middle tail feathers white:
the crown feems alfo fuller of feathers. I fufpeét that thefe two dif
fer only in fex.

Ff

DEscriIPrion.

Puace.

12.
CAMBAIAN

DESCRIPTION.
Prace.

130
SOUTHERN
FL.

DESCRIPTION.

Prac.

220 BLOC ATC EVER:

14. :
SUHERe Hous Mufcicapa fuperciliofa, Mu/: Carlf faf-. iv. pl. 96.

Descriprion. GIZE of the Small Thrufh: the upper parts of the head, taking in:
the eyes, neck, back, and wings, are dark brown; from the ye
trils, over the eyes, a broad ftreak of white: chin and throat ferrugi-
nous; from thence to the vent fine pale afh colour: the tail ended
at the end; two middle feathers like the back, the others ferruginous,
_@ with the inner margins and tips brown: bill black, with a pale brown.
bafe: legs pale brown.

ro:
BLACK- USSR NS ets
CROWNED Mufcicapa meloxantha, Mu/ Carl. fa/c. iv. pl. 973- RTT ary
FL.
Description. IZE of the White Throat: bill black: general colour of the upper-

parts of the plumage dufky afh: crown and forehead black:
wing coverts black, with the tips and margins yellow: the under.
parts from. chin to vent yellow: quills black, edged with yellow : tail
fhort, rounded, black; all the feathers tipped with white, but the outer:
one has the end for nearly a fourth of the length of that colour: legs.
dufky.
The native places of the two laft are. not afcertained..

16.
RUFOUS-
FRONTED
FL.
Descrirrion, IZE of the Nightingale, but more flender :- the crown of the head,

back of the neck, the wing coverts, and half of the tail, and under
parts of the body from the breaft, pale brown: the forehead, middle-
of the back, and bafe of the tail are ofa deep rufous, inclining to red:
chin, fore part of the neck and breaft yellowifh white ; {potted on the
ears and breaft with black: on the middle of the neck before, a large
patch of black: tail rather long, and in-a fmall degree lege taie
bill and legs pale brown.

Hite
9 Inhabits.

PL, CXXXIV.

ELYCATCH-ER,

Tnhabits New South Wales, where it is known by the name of
Burril: has hitherto only been met with in November.

LENGTH five inches and a: half: bill and legs pale brown:

plumage olive brownabove; but from the bafe of the bill to the mid-
dle of the crown, taking in the eye, black, and paffing backwards into
a point on the ears: the chin and fides of the neck are white: breatt
and belly deep crimfon: the wings are black; but the quills are white
half way from the bafe: tail longith; the two middle feathers wholly
black ; the others the fame half-way from the bafe, the reft of the
leneth white: the wings reach one third’on the tail.

Inhabits New South Wales: fpecimens of this fpecies are fcarce.

SIZE of the White Throat: plumage above brown ; beneath pale
yellow, growing white towards the vent: crown of the head
black, and a broad ftreak of the fame occupies the fides of the cheeks,
beginning beneath each eye: the quills are darker than the reft, fome
of them edged with yellow: tail longifh: bill black: legs blueifh.
Inhabits New South Wales; met with there. in July...

ENGTH from eight to nine inches: bill flender ; black :: legs
black : tongue fringed at the tip: general colour of the plumage
pale green; but the under parts from chin to vent greenifh yellow ;

the laft moft confpicuous on the chin and breaft: from the gape _

fprings a black band, which grows broader, and pafles under the eye
to the hind head, where it is fringed with yellow.

Inhabits

225

PLaca.

17.
CRIMSON-
BELLIED
FL.
DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

18.
BLACK
CHEEKED
FL.
DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

19.
MUSTACHOE
FL.

DeEscriprion.

20+
ROSE-WINGED
FL.

DeEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

Biko
COACH-WHIP
FL.

Descriprion.

PLAcE.

22.
BLACK-
BREASTED
FL.
DESCRIPTION.

Foe mC Ant Cy Eby.

Inhabits New South Wales ; is a pugnacious bird, attacking others,
efpecially the fmaller Parakeets.

SIZE of a Nightingale: bill and legs brown: general colour of
the plumage brown; beneath white : the feathers of the crown feem
loofe, giving the appearance of a creft, and {potted with black: the
middle of the outer quills, and the four middle tail feathers, from the
bafe to three-fourths of the length, are rofe colour, the laft marked
with a few black fpots.
inhabits New South Wales.

SIZE of a Thrufh: general colour of the plumage flaty black :

chin and throat croffed with fine lines of dufky white: the feathers
of the crown are long, and can be erected into a creft: tail Nightly
cuneiform : ‘bill ftout, black: legs flender, black : irides blue.

Inhabits New South Wales; native name Djoxz. It has a long fingle
note, not unlike the crack of a coachman’s whip, hence called the
Coach-whip Bird; it appears a lively fpecies, and menacing in its
manners; for ereéting the creft, it gains a formidable appearance,
which it takes the advantage of in contending with other birds, efpe-
cially Parakeets, about the right of extracting honey from the
flowers ; it is not a common {pecies.

HIS is rather more than eight inches lone: bill brown; legs
black : the head, taking in the eyes, the nape, and fides of the
neck, are black, continuing in a band on the breaft ; within this, the
chin

FLYCATCHER,

chin and throat are white: the upper parts of the body are greenifh
yellow; the under yellow: wings black; but the coverts are edged
with yellow: the tail black, with a yellow tip.

This fpecies is found at New South Wales, in April.

ILL and head black ; the laft full of feathers: general colour of
the plumage clouded black ; but the under parts are white: the
whole of the wings and tail are black ; but the leffer quills are fringed.
with white: legs dufky.
Inhabits New South Wales.

"] ‘HE upper parts of this bird are pale brown; the under pale:
breaft rofe colour, inclining to carmine; on the wing coverts a
few pale fpots: the bill is brown, rather long, and bent towards the
point: irides blueifh: legs brown,
Inhabits New South Wales,

HIS is nearly the fize of a Sparrow: bill rather broad, fur-
nifhed with a few briftles at the bafe, and black: the upper
parts of the body and wings are pale flaty grey ; beneath from chin
to vent pale yellow : quills and tail dufky black: legs pale brownifh
flefh colour.
Inhabits New South Wales.

223

236
HOODED
FL.
DESCRIPTION,

PLACE.

24.
ROSE-
BREASTED
FL.

DescrRipTioNn.

25.
GREY
FL.
DESCRIPTION.

PLAceE.

ts
i)
aS

26.
SOFT-TAILED
FL.
DescripTION.

PLACE.

Puy wee A eae Rs

Soft-tailed Flycatcher, Linx. Tranfiv. p. 240. pl. 2.

ie ENGTH from bill to rump three inches: bill brownifh black s

bafe furnifhed with ftrong briftles; noftrils low down on the bill:
the general colour of the plumage ferruginous, but the feathers of the
upper parts of the body and wing are ftreaked down their middle with
brownifh black ; the middle of the belly nearly white: over the eye,
arifing at the bafe of the bill, is a pale blue ftreak: throat and fore
part of the neck of the fame blue colour: the feathers of the rump
are foft, long, and filky: wings ihort, fcarcely reaching to the bafe of

the tail: the quills are dufky, edged with ferruginous: the tail is

four inches or more in length; the fhafts very lender and black, the
webs on each fide confifting of minute flender hairy black filaments,
placed at diftances, and diftiné&t from each other, as in the feathers of
the Caffowary: legs pale brown. ;

The female is like the male in colour, but wants both the blue ftreak
over the eye, and the chin and throat are-of the fame colour as the

reft of the under parts.

Inhabits New Holland; being found about Sidney and Botany Bay,
in marfhy places, abounding with long grafs and rufhes, which afford
it an hiding place, and where, like the Bearded Titmou/e, it is fuppofed
to make the neft; when difturbed, its flight is very fhort, and is
found to run on the ground with great {wiftnefs ; feeds on {mall flies
and other infects. The name it is known by in the country is Merion
Binnion, or Caffowary Bird; we are indebted to General Davies for
the above notices concerning this fingular bird, which is well repre-
fented in the Linnean ¥ ~2nfaétions. er

FLYCATCHER. one

27.
OR ANGE-
RUMPED
FL. :
HE head and neck in this fpecies are pretty full of feathers, and Description.

black: back and rump orange colour or redaifh; all the under
parts of the body are white, marked with feveral longifh ftreaks of
black on the breaft: wings and tail brown; the feathers of the laft
have the webs much feparated and diftinct from each other, as in the
Soft-tailed Flycatcher » legs pale brown.
Inhabits Nez South Wales ; and is an active fpecies, frequently car- PEACE.
rying the tail erect, and expanding the fame at the moment it fprings
from a branch on its prey.

Supp. II. Gg

426.

Ee AY Rook?

Genus XL. LARK.

N° rt. Sky L. N° 4. Dixon’s L.
2. Dufky L. s. Ferruginous L.
3- Yeltonian L.

Alauda arvenfis, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 49:
Sky Lark, Gen. Syx.iv. p. 368. 1.

SOME of thefe birds will meafure as far as eight inches in ee
and even mores.

I find that the cuftom paid at Leipfic for Larks, amounts to 12,000
crowns per annum, at a Grofch, or 2% pence fterling, for every fixty
Larks.. The quantities may feem prodigious, but the fields appear-
to be covered with them from Michaelmas to Martinmas ; that they
do not all breed here is manifeft, from the fudden appearance of
fuch vaft flocks. But this is not confined to Germany; for we are
informed, that the fame circumftance. happens about Cairo, in Egypt,
in refpect to Larks, as they come to that place about the beginning
of September, and continue for fome days; during which, they are
taken in vaft quantities in nets, and efteemed for eating. They are
fuppofed to come from Barbary, and are called in Egypt, Asfour

ree or Mountain Birds*.

® Sonnini’s Trav. ii. p. 3470

a UR Kt

Alauda obfcura, Ind. Orn. ti. p. 494. 7-

Alauda pantherana, Gerin. Orz. iv. pl. 375. f. ¥s

Spipola palufiris, Gerinx, Oru. iv. t. 388, f. 1?

L’alouette pipi, P/. Ex/. 661. f. 2.

Sea Lark, # alcot’s Pirds, ii. N° 191.

Duky Lark, Lewin’s Birds, iti. pl. 94«

Rock Lark, Lin. Tran/. iv. p. 41. (Montagu) pl.ti.f. 3. the egg.

HIS fpecies rather exceeds feven inches in length ; and weighs
from fix to feven drams: the bill is flender, three-fourths of

an inch long, dufkty, with a darker point: the plumage on the upper
parts of the bird dufky greenifh afh colour; the middle of each fea-
ther darker: fore part of the neck and breaft mottled dufky white
and brownifh afh colour: the chin, and fore part of the neck, dufky
white ; and the middle of the breaft is like the fore part of the neck,
but paler: belly dufky yellowifh white: the wings are much the fame
colour as the back, but edged with a paler colour: the four firft
prime’ quills are nearly of equal lengths, the fecond a trifle longeft;
the fecond quills almoft even with the firft at the ends: tail full
three inches long, even, of much the fame colour as the quills; the
outer feather has all the outer web and half the inner cinereous
white; the next whitifh at the tip: legs brown; hind claw crooked,
no longer than the toe, which is the fame length as the outer one
before.

This, till within a few years paft, has not been fufficiently difcri- _

-minated. I faw it firft among the preferved birds of the late Mr.

Leman, where it was marked as a finoular variety*. Mr. Walcot
and Mr. Lewin afterwards found it in the marfhes of Kent; and Co-
lonel Montagu likewife met with it in more places than one, in fimilar
fituations. This gentleman. obferyes, that it is only to be feen on

® I fulpeét it to be the variety of the Tit/ark, in Br. Zool, fol. pl. P. i.
Ge2 the

Duscrivrion,

30,
YELTONIAN
L

DeEscRIPTION.

PLAGE.

4
DIXON'S
L

DescRIPTION,

ETA RK:

the fea fhores, or at leaft a little more than a quarter of a mile from:
the fea water, and efpecially in rocky fituations, at leaft no: where
except in places where the tide occafionally covers. It makes the
neft in the tufts of grafs on the fhelves of rocks, &c. by the fea fide,
where it is rarely to be got at without the help of a ladder.- The
neft 1s made of dry grafs, marine plants, and a little mofs, lined with.
finer grafs, and a few long hairs. The eggs of a dirty white, {potted:
with brown, moftly fo at the larger end. This f{pecies is not ob-=
erved to affociate in large flocks like other Laks, only three or four~
having been feen together. Marine infects feem to be its principal.
food. The note is a very infignificant one, being very rarely more than.
a chirp, not unlike that of a Grafshopper. For a fuller account, confule-
Linn. Tranf. We Pp. 410. &Cs.

Alauda Yeltonienfis, Zid. Orn. it. p. 496. 16:—Phil. Tranfe Wii. ps 3505-
(Forjier.) : .

SIZE ‘of the Starling: bill cylindric; ftrait and pointed ; bafé black,.

with the tip very pale; tongue bifid: the colour of the plumage:

is black, varied on the head, back, and fhoulders.with rufous: the:

th quill has the outer margin white; the two middle tail feathers:

are rufous, the others like the reft of the plumage: the hind toe pretty:

ftrait, and larger by much than the others.

This inhabits the neighbourhood of the Volga; found about the lake:

Yelton: that it is gregarious, and very fat in 4ugu/t, at which time it
is of a moft exquifite favour. :

Alauda Nove Zealandie, Ind. Orn. ii. P> 497% 19. Be
Cinereous Lark, Portlock, Voy. pl. in ps 376
S IZE of a Titlark; length fix inches: bill and legs black: the’

upper parts of the. body. afh colour; the under very pale afh co-
Jour,

LA RK.
lour, inclining to white towards the vent: quills and tail black; the

outer edges of the quills, and the outer tail feathers white.
This inhabits New Zealand : defcribed. from Captain Dixon’s draw-

ings; and except in being lefs, feems greatly allied to the New Zea-

land Lark.

Alauda Gorenfis, Mu/. Carlf fafe.iv. pl. 99.

HE bill in this bird is brown; the crown, nape, and beginning
of the back, dufky, the feathers margined with ferruginous: back
and rump deep ferruginous ; chin and under parts ferruginous, but the
throat and breaft have each feather ftreaked with dufky: belly much
the fame, but the ground nearly white: vent white: quills very: pale
on the margins: the feathers of the tail have the margins nearly
white; but the middle ones are ferruginous brown, and the outer-
moft towards the end obliquely white, marked with a triangular fpot
of white at the tip: legs pale.

PIACcEs

FERRUGINOUS Sq

DescrirPrion.-

230

t.
WHITE
Ww.

TA rae Gat Bees Te ie,

Genus XLIL WAGTAIL

N° 1, White W. N° 4. Black-crowned W.
2. Dauurian W. 5. New Holland W.
3- Hudfonian W.

Motacilla alba, Iud. Ora. ii. p. 501. 1.—Ger. Orn. iv. pl. 335. 16
White Wagtail, Genz. Syn. iv. p. 395. 1.

F ROM various obfervations made by my friends and myfelf, it ap-

pears clear that there is very little if any diftinction of fex in adult
birds of this fpecies; neither fex gains the black about the head and
throat the firft feafon after hatching; but as fpring comes on, both
fexes gradually obtain it, and both again lofe it after incubation; not
perhaps wholly, for in old birds fome traces are vifible at moft times,
and under this mafk have been defcribed as different birds. This cir-
cumftance likewife happens in refpect to the Grey Wagrail, which is
only met with in the fouthern and weftern parts of England in the
winter months. I faw one of them at the edge ofa rivulet in my
garden, September 28 of the laft year, but they do not often appear be-
fore Ofober. That-both fexes have a black throat, I am well in-
formed, and more or lefs tracing of it may be obferved before their
departure towards the north in fpring, where they breed. However
authors may multiply this genus, we have certainly no more than
three in England; viz. the White Wagtail, common almoft every
where at all feafons; the Grey Wagtail, inhabiting all the fouthern
counties the winter halfof the year, departing northward as fpring ap-
proaches; and the Yellow Wageail, which is not obferved any where
except in the fummer feafon.

Wi & G:F XA. ©

Motacilla melanopa, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 503. 5.—Pal. It. ili. ps 696. 16.

THis fpecies has the habit of the Yellow Wagtail, but is not fo
large; the legs alfo are fmaller: the general hue is blueifh afh
colour above, beneath yellow: lore and throat black : over the eye a
ftreak of white, beginning at the gape: the three outer tail feathers
are white, except the outer margin, which is black.
Inhabits the eaftern borders of Dauuria.

Motacilla Hudfonica, Ind. Orz. ii. p. 503. 6.

ENGTH fix inches: bill pretty fhort, yellowith brown; legs
the fame: plumage above brown, the feathers margined with

ferruginous: chin and throat pale ferruginous, ftreaked with dufky :

breaft, belly, and vent dufky white: quills dufky; fecond quills
edged with ferruginous: tail three inches long; the outermoft feather
white; the next to it on each fide white, with the inner margin
brown; the third dufky, with a fender ftreak of white down-the
middle ; the others plain dufky: the tail even at the end..

Inhabits Hydfon’s Bay: the name it is there known by is Puck-c-

tow-0-/bifke

IZE of our Wagteil: bill and legs yellow: crown of the head
black: back and wings red brown; the under parts of the bird
white, inclining to orange on the breaft: the quills are black: tail
long, fomewhat cuneiform; the middie feathers a little pointed ;
colour of all of them red brown half way from the bafe ; from thence
to the end yellowih.
Inhabits New South-Wales; but isa {earce bird,.

23%

Ze
DAUURIAN
W.

DEsSCRIPTIONe-

PLACEo ~

3.
HUDSONIAN
Ww.

DeEscCRIPTION®»

PLace,’

-

4.
BLACK-
CROWNED
Ww.

DESCRIPTION.

Prac.

239
G.
NEW
HOLLAND
Ww.

DESCRIPTION,

Prlacr.

Ways tea rh

'IZE and habit of our Grey Wagtail: bill and legs black: tongue
briftly at the tip: the general colour of the plumage above pale
blue ; beneath pale yellow: the quills and tail are black ; the laft re-
markably long: the baftard wing is fall, and of a reddifh white.
Inhabits New South Wales.

WAR BL E R, .

Genus XLIII.

N° 1; Nightingale.

Sylvia Lufeinia, Ind. Orn. ti. p. 506. 1.—-Gerin, Orn. iv. pl. 400. f, 1. and 2.

. Greater Pettichaps.
. Leffer Pettichaps.

. Sardinian W.

- Rufous-crowned W.
.« Wood Wren.

. Yellow Wren.

. Leffer White-throat.
. Grafshopper W.

. Dartford W.

. Prothonotary W.

- Plata W.

. Black Poll W.

. Cowled W.

. Indigo W.

. Loufiana W.

Mediterranean W.

. Ferruginous W.

. White-collared W.
. Long-billed W.

. Shore W.

WAREB

N° 22.
23-
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.

Nightingale, Gez. Spx. iv. p. 408. 1.

LER.

Cafpian W.
Black-backed W.
Perfian W.
Cambaian W.
Guzurat W.
Afiatic W.
Yellow-vented W.
Streaked W.

. Terrene W.

Black-cheeked W.

- Rufous-vented W.

Gold-bellied W.

. Ruddy W.
. Chafte W.

White-tailed W.

233

Crimfon-breafted W.

- Rufty-fided W.

. Swallow W.

. Variable W.

. Flame-coloured W.

Dwarf W.

Te
NIGHTINGALE,

N Lower Egypt, at leaft in the moft eaftern part of that quarter of
the globe, the Nightingale is very common; alfo in the iflands of

Supp. II.

Hh

the

234 We: our TBott <a

the Archipelago, at the period of their emigration*. In fome parts
of Germany are alfo great numbers, for we are told, that they are:
found in vaft abundance in the wood ef Rofendabl, near Drefden; in
which neighbourhood Larks alfo are in fuch amazing quantities, as
to furnifh a confiderable revenue to the crown +.

It has not efcaped the writers on this fubjedt, that the males and fe-
males of fome birds, for inftance, Chajfinches, feparate for a tume into dif-
ferent flocks, each flock confifting of one fex only; but my ingenious-
friend Colonel Montagu hints to me, that. the males of all the Yar-
blers come firft, and if the weather fhould afterwards prove. cold,
with the wind at Eaft or North, all communication is cut off between
the {exes till the wind changes, frequently for a fortnight or more;
but if the weather is warm, with a South or Weft wind, the females
follow the males in a few days. The arrival of the females may be
foretold by the fingine of the males: if they are very vociferous,.
the females may be immediately expected; -if, on the contrary, none-
will appear, for both are actuated by the fame caufe;. the fame fti-
mulus that occafions the fong in one, gives the other locomotion to-
feek its mate; and from this caufe no doubt it is that moré males of.
the Nightingale are taken than females.. 5

Motacilla hortenfis, Zzd. Orn. ii. p. 507. 3
GREATER Salas Ficedula cinerea major, Bigia, Ger. Orz. iv. t. 395. 1?
PETTICHAPS. Die Baftardnachtigale, Naturf. 27. S. 39. 1. (Beckftein.) |
Greater Pettichaps,-Gez. Syn. iv. p. 413. 3: fe&t. 2d.
DEscRIPTIONs THIS fpecies weighs about five drams; the length nearly fix:
inches: the bill a trifle broader at the bafe than the common
_ White-throat: irides dufky yellow:. the upper parts. of the bird in.
general, light brown, inclining to olive green: quills and tail edged

® Sonnin, Travels; ti, po 5% 5%. + 6,090 dollars. Kep/ler.
with

? W SAL TR SEL ve OR.

with the fame: below the ears a dafh of ath colour: throat, neck,
and upper part of the breaft, dirty white, inclining to dull buff co-
lonr: lower part of the breaft, belly, and under tail coverts white ;
beneath the wings buff: legs dufky. When in fine plumage, an ob-
fcure ftreak of pale or yellowifh colour appears over the evap

In one of thefe, from Mr. Boys, of Sandwich, obferved the tongue
to be jagged at the end ; the length was five inches. and three quarters,
in breadth eight inches and three quarters. This was a female. Co-
Jonel Montagu met with it in Gloucefterfbire ;- but remarks, that he has
never feen it in Cornwa/l, notwithftanding he has been long refident
there. I have met with it in more than one place in Kent, and have
heard of it in Berk/hire and other parts, but believe it to be no where
exceedingly common. The males of this fpecies come generally the
laft week in April, the females a tew days later. It builds in thick
bufhes or hedges, compofed of dried fibres, fome wool, and a little
green mofs outwardly ; within fometimes lined with horfe-hair. The
eggs generally four in number, weighing each thirty-fix grains;
colour a dirty white, marked with brownifh fpecks, pretty numerous,

-and running frequently together at the larger end.

In fong, this bird is little-inferior to the Nightingale, either in me-
lody or variety. Some of its notes are fweetly and foftly drawn,
others are quick, lively, loud, and piercing, but reaching the diftant
ear without inharmonious difcord.

Mr. Beck/fein thinks the fong to’ be even more varied than that of
the Nightingale, burfting into various kinds of modulation as it pro-
ceeds, and at times warbling like the Hou/e Swallow ; and obferves that
it is found in Sweden and Germany throughout, departing thence the
latter end of Augu/t.

Irs general food appears to be infeéts, which it fearches for under
the leaves, but will frequently come into gardens, when in the neigh-
bourhood of its haunts, making free with fruits likewife, The young

yh are

235

236

3s
LESSER
PETTICHAPS.

4
ee

Aas

PLacs.

WARBLER

are obferved to remain in the neft till they are grown very large, and:
almoft as well feathered as the parents.

Sylvia Hippolais, Ind. Orn. it. p. 507. 4.
Motacilla Fitis, Waturf. 27. S. 50. 5.

Leffer Pettichaps, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 413. 3.*.
Chirping Willow Wren, Wdite’s Selborne, p. 45:

apne has been fufficiently defcribed before in the Synopf GANG

fometimes comes before the 20th of March f, but is in general:
before the 1ft of Apr il, departing before the end of September; and is
perhaps as early as any migrant, if we except the Wryneck: the
weight is about two drams; length five inches;. breadth eight inches +
the firft quills fhorter than the fecond,, and the two middle feathers.
rather fhorteft.

We believe this bird to be every where pretty common; but it has.
not been obferved in Guern/jey, although the Willow Wren, a much
more fcarce bird, is there in plenty..

This fpecies is perpetually finging, or rather chirping: the notes.
Seemingly like the words Iwzt, Twit, Twit, Twit, Twit, haftily and
delicately repeated, or as Mr. Beck/tein calls it Fit ;, and from whence
he has derived his name.

Sylvia melanocephala, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 509: 7-—=Cett. Wee. Sard. p.215.

"THIS is faid to be fmaller than the Blackcap, but very like it; of
a greenifh afh colour above, and grey beneath: crown black,.
and a red band over the eyes.
Inhabits Sardinia: has very little of a fong.

+ T once heard it on the 14th of Masch.

W ACR B Lb E Re

Sylvia mofchita, Ind. Orn. i. p. 509. 8:—Cert. Uc. Sard. p. 215.

THIS is lead colour, with a rufous crown.
Inhabits Sardinia : the eggs of the Cuckow faid to be frequently
Jaid in the neft of this bird. ‘here is little doubt but M. Certi has
unneceffarily made two fpecies of this and the laft, as they appear to’
be no other than the male and female Blackcap..

Regulus non criftatus major, Bri; Orn. 3. 482. A.—Ind, Ora. ii. p. 550, 3.—
Will. Orn. p. 164.—Ray’s Letters, p. 108.

Motacilla Sibilatrix, Das Laubvolchen, Naturf. 27. p. 47: 4.

Larger, not crefted Wren, Vill. Orn. (Engl, ed.) p. 228.—Gen. Syn. iv. p-
514. €.

Larger Yellow Wren, White Selb. p. 55.

Sylvia Sylvicola, Wood Wren, Liz. Tran/. iv. p: 35.—Id. vol. ii. p. 245. pl. 24:

HAVE ever had my doubts of this bird beinga variety of any
fpecies before defcribed ; but it is to my friends that I am indebted
for fixing. it as a-diftinct fpecies. It is indeed not greatly differing
in colour from the Willow Wren; but is of a more elegant make, and
the colours infinitely brighter. The length is five inches and aa.
half; the weight two drams forty-two grains: the bill is horn co-

lour: irides hazel: noftrils furnifhed with: briftles; upper parts of

the body in general yellow green: threat, cheeks, and under -part of
the fhoulders yellow; breaft paler yellow: belly and vent a moft
beautiful filvery white: over the eye a ftreak of yellow: feathers of
thé wings moftly brownifh, with green margins outwardly, and in-
wardly whitifh: tail rather forked, dufky brown, edged with green:
legs horn colour..

The female caught on‘the neft weighed three drams:

This is a migratory fpecies, the males as ufual coming firft, and’
as Colonel Montagu obferves, there is a greater diftance between the

4 arrival:

297

RUFOUS-
CROWNED
W.
DEscRIPTIONe

6.-
WOOD WREN.

DeEscerPriox.

233

YELLOW
Ww.

DeEscRIFTION.

WA SARE. BS ples Ri

arrival of the two fexes than in any other bird, being often a week
or ten days between. Firft obferved the very end of April: are
ofteneft feen in coppice woods of oak or -beech,- about eighteen or
twenty years growth; on the top of the moft lofty of which, it may
be found uttering a kind of fibilous note, during which it expands
the wings, and moving them in a fhivering or fluttering manner.
Some have compared the note to that of the Bunting, but more fhrill;
it has alfo-other kinds of notes, which may be compared to that of the
Maro Titmouje, or the fpring note of the Nuthatch. .The place of

refidence will ever detect it, as it is not to be met with in hedges or

bufhes, but in woods only. It makes the neft on the ground, be-
neath the fhade of trees, conftructing it of dry grafs, dead leaves, and
mofs, lined with finer grafs, and a few long hairs; in fhape oval;
the entrance near the top, like thofe of the Yellow Wren and Petti-
shaps, but materially different, as thofe birds line the neft with feathers.
The eggs weigh from eighteen to twenty-two grains, are white,
fprinkled all over with’ ruft=coloured fpots, and in fome the markings
are confluent *. ‘They are generally fix or feven in number; and the
young are hatched in thirteen days f.

Sylvia Trochilus, Iud.’Orz. ii. p.550. 1556

Afilus, Small Yellow Bird, Radi Syz. p. 80. A. 10.

Afilus, Le Pouillot, ou Chantre, Brz/s. ili. 479. 45-

Der Weidenzeifig, Naturforfch. 27. S. 54. 6.

Maiseape Cantatrix, Green Wren, Bartram. Cae p: 283.
Yellow Wren, Gen. we iv. Pe 512. 147.

THI S, if we except the Gold- crofted Wren, is the {malleft of our
European birds: feldom meafures more than four inches and a
guarter in length, and the breadth fix inches and three quarters: the

* fn Lin. Ti ran iv. tab. 2. f 1. is s the reprefentation of it.
4 Mr. Beck/tein.

tail

VE A RR BOL E.R:

el fomewhat-lef$ than two inches: the plumage above is Erownifh
green, the head darkeft, and moft. inclined to green towards the
tail: over the eyes’ a dufky yellowifh ftreak > beneath, the body
dufky white, tinged lightly on. the fides of the-neck and breaft with
red: knees greenih grey.: tail even at the end; and the quills dufky,.
with pale edzes: legs: pale.
The female differs very little from the mae, except in being paler.
but in the young birds, the. tinge of green is more confpicuous than
in the adult,.and in this ftate fomewhat approaches in colour to the-
Wood Wren, which is above an inch longer, befides differing in other
particulars, ‘Ehis fometimes-appears-in- the laft week-in March, but
more frequently. not till the firft-in 4pri/; and this circumftance alone
will diftinguith both,this and the Leffer Pettichaps from the Wood Wren,
* which feldom appears. before the end of the. laft-named month. . -

Sylvia Sylviella, Ind. Graz. ii. p. 51%. 24.
Motacilla longiroftra, Der Spifskopf. Naturf. 27. S. 43. 22
Leffer White-throat, Gen. Syz. Sup. p, 185. pl. 113.
HIS is fufficiently defcribed in our former. Supplement, fo as
to make any thing further on that head unneceflary. Mr. Beck-
fein makes the length of its bill, a charaéteriftic diftinction, and it.
certainly is a trifle more fo in proportion. than in the Reed Wren,
Willow Wren, or Lefer Pettichaps ; but it appears even greater than
it really is, fromthe face itfelf being a trifle prolonged. It both
hops and flies well, and may be obferved at times fitting with its bill
upright, continually opening and fhutting it, and harfhly: uttering the
words aet/ch atch*.. I muft not omit, that a few years fince I re=
ceived this very bird from Sweden, under the name of Motacilla Cur--
vaca; but whether itis-the fame or not with what goes by the name
of Kruka in that country, and is defcribed under that headin. the.

* Beckfiein. .

Faung:

239)

8.
LESSER WHITE:
THROAT...

240

GRASSHOPPER
W.

DesersiP TION.

W AOR Bon je ow

Fauna Suecica*, can {earcely be determined. I have in another
place + given fome reafons for fuppofing it to be the Mot. Sylvia of
Linneus; but whether I may have been right in that conjecture, or
that it is the Mot. Curruca of that author, or diftinét from either, I
leave others to determine.

Sylvia locuftella, Jud. Orn. il. p. 515. 35.
Ficedula peétore fufco, Geri. Qra. iv. t. 393.27
Fauvette tachetée, P/. Enlum. 581. 3. -
Grafshopper Warbler, Gez. Syn. iv. p. 429. 20.

IZE of a Reed Wren; the weight three drams, fometimes more:
length rather more than fix inches; expands feven inches and

an half: the billis fender; the upper mandible dufky, the under
whitifh, with a dufky tip: over the eye in the male is an indiftiné trace
of buff colour: the upper parts of the plumage not unaptly refembles
the Sedge Warbler ; but the tail differs, for it is cuneiform in a confi-
fiderable degree, the two middle feathers being full two inches and an
half long, and much pointed at the tips; the outer one only one inch
and a quarter, and rounded at the ends, the intermediate ones de-
creafing in fharpnefs, in proportion as they are more outward: the
firft quill is fhorter than the fecond; the under parts of the body are
plain dull white, inclining to dufky rufous on the breaft; over the
thighs, the vent, and under tail coverts, dull white, with a dufky
ftreak down the fhaft: the tail feathers viewed obliquely, appear to

* N° 247 In this work, Linneus fays, ‘* extima (reétrice) margine interiore
46 alba,”’—in the Sy/fema Nature, he writes, ‘¢ extima (rectrice) margine tenuiore
« alba,’’ no doubt meaning that the margin of the zuwer web is white, Yet adds at
the end of the defcription in the Fauna Suecica: <* Rectrices fufce, fed margine ex-
« exteriore longitudinaliter alba,’? which is the cafe in our bird, at leaft the outer
web is very pale, approaching to white.

+ Supplem. p. 186.

have

WW AS SR SBies. 464 XR:

have eleven or -twelve undulated bars of a darker hue acrofs them,
but in full light, fuch appearance vanifhes: legs one inch long, and
yellow.

The Gra/shopper Warblers come to us about the 17th of pri]: they
frequent commons for the moft part, and are met with there among
the bufhes and_ furze, but are exceffively fhy, and keep conftantly in
the middle of the bufh; like others. of the genus, the males arrive
firft, and are to be feen on the top of the fpray, emitting a kind of
grinding note, but at fome times has a very agreeable kind of warble ;
and the male is faid fometimes to entertain its mate with a fone of
nights, when the weather is mild and favourable., The neft is of an
elegant f{tructure, and the ege of the fize of the White Throat’s, not
quite fo round; of a delicate blueifh white, or pale blue,

This fpecies i is faid to be found in America*.

Sylvia dartfordienfis, Ind. Orz. ii. p. 517. 31.

Curruca fepiaria, Gerin. Orn. iv. t. 391. f. 2?

Dartford Warbler, Gez. Syz. iv. p. 435s 27.—Id. Sup. p. 181 Lge s Birds,
vol. ii. pl. 106.

puis fpecies is fuficiently known, or at leaft nothing can be

added to the defcription of the bird; -but I am indebted to Co-
lonel Montagu for fome further knowledge of its hiftory and manners.
This gentleman found it in tolerable plenty among the furze, near
Penryn, Cornwall. The bird he firft fhot, was the 27th of September
1796, and proved to be a young one, juft beginning to throw out
the ferruginous feathers on the breaft; it had loft all the tail feathers
but three, and the young ones were grown about half an inch: the
irides were yellowifh, and the orbits dull orange: the baftard wing
was not white, but the edge of the wing beneath whitifh; from hence

#* General Davies.

Supp. IL li it

241

PLACE.

1d,
DARTFORD

$

242

LT.
,PROTHONO-
TARY
W.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE,

Wi AUR: FBI a Fs aR

it did appear to him, that thefe birds probably breed in the parts ad-
jacent. The Colonel continued to fhoot thefe at various times till
Chrifimas, after which none were feen: the laft he killed was from a
furze buth covered with faow: he is inclined to believe that they are
full as common as the Stone Chat, for notwithftanding he faw and
heard fevera! every time he was out with the gun, they proved fo fhy,
that it was impoftible to procure many good fpecimens, nor can we
be always fure of fhooting them at all. The above would appear to
bring fome proof of their breeding thereabouts, or at leaf’ to make
us fuppofe, that if migratory, they might be found im the fame parts
at ftated feafons; but ftrange as it 3s, notwithftanding the ftriCteft
fearch, they have not been met with from the above period to the
prefent time, nor can their movement be at all accounted for ; it is not
probable that after Chrifimas, with fnow upon the ground, they
would be inclined to move northward, nor could they go to the fouth,
except they paffed the channel, which at that time of the year does not
feem a likely circumftance.

\

Sylvia protonotarius, fad. Oru: il. p. 542.1238.
Parus aureus alis ceruleis, Blue-winged Yellow Bird, Bartr. Trav. p. 290? -
Prothonotary Warbler, Gez, Syx. iy. p. 494. 123-

N addition to the former defcription of this bird, I find that the four

middle tail feathers are black, the outer one white on the inner
web, except at the tip, which, as well as the whole of the outer web,
is black; the next on each fide the fame; the third differs only in.
having the white occupying lefs fpace; the fourth wholly black, ex-
cept a fpot of white on the middle of the inner web.

I am indebted to Mr. Abbot, of Georgia, for the above, who informs,
me that it inhabits that province, but that it is a very rare fpecies,

Wi AR, Be. BR

~ Sylvia Platenfis, Ind. Orz. ii. p. 548.149.
Avis a Corarao, Ger. Orn. iv. tab. 400. f. 1.

SIZE of the Commen Wren; but the tail is a trifle longer: the ge-

neral colour of the plumage varied with rufous, white and black:
the head and upper part of the neck ftreaked longitudinally: the
under parts of the body from the chin white: fides inclined to ferru-
ginous: the quills and tail croffed with feveral darker bands: that

figured by Gerini, was rufous above, white beneath: wings and tail
dufky black.

Sylvia ftriata, Ind. Orn. il. p. 527. 67.
Black Poll Warbler, Gew. Syx. iv. p. 460. 65.

N the female, the crown is the fame colour as the reft of the upper

parts of the plumage; the double band on the wings lefs confpi-
cuous, and the fpot at the tip of the tail feathers much fmaller than in
the male.

Sylvia cucullata, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 528. 72.

HIS is greenifh above; beneath white: forehead and cheeks
black: tail cuneiform.
I met with this in the Leverian Mufeum and is probably a variety
of the Hooded Warbler, or not very far different;

Motacilla Cyane, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 541. 122.—=Pall. reife. iii. p. 697. 18.

R. Pallas informs us that this bird is the fize of the Rudy-chroat

Thrufo: the general colour of the plumage on the upper parts
is deep blue; beneath white: from the bill to the wings a ftreak of
black: outer tail feathers white,

Tia This

243

12.
PLATA
Ww.
DeEscRIFTION.

13.
BLACK POLL
W.

DESCRIPTION.

14.
COWLED
W.
DESCRIPTION.

15.
INDIGO
W..
DESCRIPTION.

PLAceE.

16.
LOUISIANA

W.
DeEscRIPTION.

17>
MEDITERRA-
-NEAN
W.
DeEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

18.

YERRUGINOUS
W.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

Wer AER Beier! BR:

This is found in the fpring, about the extreme boundaries of
Dauuria, between the rivers Onon and Argun; butis a fearce bird.

Sylvia Ludoviciana, Ind. Ori. 11. p. §48. 150

Motacilla Caroliiiaiia, Great Wren, Barer. Trav. p. 289.

‘HIS length five inches: bill
ftouter and longer, and a trifle curved; colour pale brown, with

the tip and under mandible pale: top of the head deep brown, in-
clining to chefnut down the middle: upper parts of the body, wings,
and tail, undulated acrofs as in the Common Wren; under parts buff
colour: chin and belly nearly white: fides of the head mottled pale
brown and whitifh; over the eye a pale ftreak, paffing on each fide
of the neck to the lower part of it; and beyond the eye pale brown
and whitith mixed; beginning of the back deep brawn, nearly black,,
dotted with white: legs long, ftout, and brown.

Defcribed from a {pecimen in the collection of Mr. Fraucillon.

Mr. Bartram’s bird is faid to have the throat and breaft of a pale
clay colour.

1S bigger than the Common Wren ;

Sylvia mediterranea, Ind. Orz. ii. p. 551. 156.
Motacilla corpore ex fufco viridefcente, pettore ferrugineo, Ha/felg. Voy. 286. Se

THE upper mandible in this bird is a: trifle curved at the tip:
general colour of the plumage greenifh brown; beneath ferru-
ginous; fore part of the neck and breaft fulvous.
Inhabits Spaz.

Sylvia gularis, Zvd. Ora. ii. p. 552. 160.—F. 7. Miller, tab. 30. C,

HIS is ferruginous above, and white beneath, with the wings and
tail black.
Inhabits South America.

Wr AOR! Ben ER, Rs

246
ue 19.
: es : mA HITE-
Sylvia T{checantfchia, Jud. Orn. it. p. 552. 161.—Lepech. It, ii. p. 186. COLLARED
see ue : : W.
"T HIS fpecies is dufky above, and ferruginous beneath: the head Descriprion.
is black ; the nape whitifh; back black: a collar, and an ob-
long fpot on the wings, both white.
Inhabits S74:ria. Puace.
Sylvia Kamtfchatkenfis, Jd. Orn. ii. p. 552. 162. ‘ 202
Long-billed Warbler, Ard. Zool. ii. p. 420. O. PONG EEE

"T HE upper parts of the plumage are olive brown: forehead, Dzscrirrion.
cheeks, and chin. pale ferruginous: the bill long:

Inhabits Kamt/chatka.. PLacr.
21.
Sylvia littorea, Ind. Orz. ii. p. 552. 163. SHORE

THIS is dull green above, yellow white beneath: quills and tail Dsscrsprion..
dufky.
Inhabits the fhores of the Ca/pian Sea: lives on worms; and is a Pracss.
_ finging bird.

Sylvia longiroftris, Ind, Ora ii..p. 552. 164.5. G. Gmelin, It. iti. p. 98. t. 19: CASPIAN
fez Races

"THE upper parts in this fpecies are afh colour; the under black: Descriprion.
the bill long.

Inhabits the mountains bordering on the Ca/pian Sea.

PLace.

Sylvia ochrura, Ind. Ora. ii. ps.552.165.—S. G. Gmel. It. iv. p. 178.—Pail, N. BLACK:

Nord. Beytr.iv. p. 56. - BACKED
Ww.

IZE of the Nightingale: bill brown: hae lids naked: crown and’ Descriptions
nape cinereous brown; lower part. a4 the laft and the back black :
rump

246
PLACE,

24.
PERSIAN
W.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

25.
CAMBAIAN
W.

DEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

26.
GUZURAT
Ww

DEscRIPTION»

PLAcE,

Wie AAR” Beek. ERs

rump and vent cinereous and white mixed: throat and breaft glofly
black: belly yellow: legs dufky.
Inhabits the mountainous parts of Pev/fia.

Sylvia Sunamifica, Ind. Orz. ii. p. 552.166.—S. G Gwel. It, iv. p. 181. 182.
—Pal!, N. Nord. Beytr. iv. p. 60.

SIZE of the Blue-breafted Warbler : general colour rufous afh : chin
and throat black: breaft and belly pale rufous; the feathers with
white tips: wing coverts and quills white on the outer margins and
tips: the two middie tail feathers are brown; the others fulvous:
the vent is white; and a line of white paffes over the eye towards the
nape.
Inhabits the rocky parts of the A/ps of Perfia.

Sylvia Cambaienfis, Zzd. Orn. ii. p. 554. 1726

IZE ofa Nightingale: bill black: plumage dufky brown above ;

glofly black beneath: boctom of the belly and vent dull rufous:
wing coverts white: tail three inches long, even at the end: legs
brown.

Inhabits the kingdom of Guzarat. In the Britifb Mufeum.

Sylvia Guzurata, Lud. Ora. ii. p. 554. 173.

IZE of the Yellow Wren; length four inches and an half: bill and
legs pale brown: body above duil green; beneath white: crown

cheinut: quills and tail brown, with green margins; tail rounded.
Inhabits the kingdom of Gazurat, in India.

I

W fA OR OB VL OBR:

Sylvia afiatica, Ind. Orn. il. p. 554. 174.

IZE ofa Nightingale: bill dufky, furnifhed with a few hairs at

the bafe: head and neck black ; lore and chin white: the body
above brown; beneath-yellowifh, with a few fpots of white on the
breaft: tail three inchés and three quarters in length, cuneiform ; all
but the two middle feathers, from the middle to the ends of a pale
colour.

This varies in having the forehead, ftreak over the eyes, and all
the under parts white, and fuch of the tail feathers as are pale in the
former, are in this quite white.

Found in the fame places as the two laft.

‘HIS is pale brown above, beneath dull white: under tail coverts
yellow: irides red: bill and legs brown.
Inhabits New South Vales: met with in January.

IZE and fhape of an Hedge Sparrow: bill black; legs dufky :

the upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, are not greatly dif-
ferent from that bird, but incline on the rump to ruft colour: all
the under parts are white, with fagittal ftreaks of black: the top of
the head is black, marked with the fame figured ftreaks of white, and
the upper parts of the body with fimilar black ones; from the nof-
trils, through the eye, and fome way behind it, paffes a ferruginous
ftripe: tail loofely webbed, and brown.

Inhabits New South Wales in July; is faid to fing remarkably
well. | ;

247

ae
ASIATIC
WwW

DEscRIPTION.

Pracez.

28.
YELLOW--
VENTED

W.

DEeEscRipPrion..

PLace.

29.

STREAKED
W.

Descrirrion.

Prace.

2.48

30.
TERRENE
W.

“DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

31.
BLACK-
CHEEKED
Ww.

' DescRIPTION.

PLACE.

32.

RUFOUS-

VENTED
W

DeEscRIPTION.

PLACE.

Wo AOR -B 4 VE OR.

FTE general colour of this bird is greenifh yellow, inclining to

brown, but paler beneath: quills black: the ends of the. tail
feathers pale afh colour: bill and legs black.

Inhabits New Holland; not uncommon at Port Fackfon: it is a bird

of fhort flight; not fo often feenon trees as on the ground; in this _

agreeing with the Wagzails.

IGGER than a Sparrow: bill and legs dufky: tongue briftly at
the end: upper parts of the plumage reddifh brown; the under
dufky white: cheeks black; in the middle of the patch the eye
placed; through the eye an irregular ftreak of fine yellow, which is
feen alfo beneath the eye, but not above it: chin blue grey.
Inhabits New South Wales: is a lively fpecies, and is fuppofed to
live principally on honey, as thofe birds whofe tongues are jagged at
the end are found to do.

HIS fpecies is about one-third bigger than the Blue-throated
Warbler, which it fomewhat refembles: bill and legs dufky:
tongue bifid at the tip, and feathered on the fides : plumage above
flaty grey, coming forwards on each fide of the neck, and forming on
the breaft a bar or crefcent, at which part it inclines to blue: above
this the chin and fore part of the neck are white: breaft, belly,
thighs, and vent, rufous: tail even at the end,
Found with the laft defcribed.

WAR BLE R.

IZE of the laft: bill lender; both that and the legs dufky black:
the head, hind part of the neck, back, wings, and tail pale afh or
flate colour; wings and tail darkeft: rump yellow: all the under
parts golden yellow; but from the chin to the breaft deepeft: be-
tween the bill and eye, and juft round the latter, black.
Inhabits the fame places as the former ones.

HIS is a trifle larger than the Red-dreaf: the bill is flender
and dufky: irides hazel: legs yellow: the plumage above
brownifh afh colour; beneath wholly ferruginous, inclining to
yellow: wings and tail brown; the laft rounded in fhape.
Inhabits New South Wales.

HE upper parts of the plumage is ferruginous brown; beneath

yellowifh white ; clouded on the breaft with pate blue, and on
the fides with ferruginous: over the eye an irregular dufky brown
fireak: tail dull pale yellow, blotched down the middle with fpots of
brown.

Found with the laft.

HIS is brown above; beneath blueifh white: quills black;
acrofs the middle of them a patch of white: tail longifh; all but
the two middle feathers white: legs lead colour.
Inhabits New South Wales: not unlike the Dirigang Creeper in co-
lour, but is clearly diftin& from that bird,

Supp. Il. The

249
43.
GOLD-
BELLIED

Ww.
DeEscrirerion.

PLace.
34:
RUDDY
W.

Description.

Pracs.
CHYSTE
Ww:

Descriprion.

PLACE.
36.
WHITE-
TAILED
W.
DESCRIPTION

Pracg.

250

37°
CRIMSON
REASTED
W.

DescripTion.

PLAcR.
38.
RUSTY-SIDED
W.

DeEScRIPTION.

PLACE.

39°
SWALLOW

AOR cei

Puacr.

40.
VARIABLE
WwW

DescrirTion.

Pack.

W ACR BOL BE R ae

IZE uncertain: bill and lees brown: plumage above bfue; bee
neath white: fore part of the neck and breaft fine crimfon.

Inhabits New South Wales.

IZE of a Wren: bill dufky: legs pale: the greater part of the
head and wings, lower part of the back, and all except the two
middle tail feathers green: hind part of the neck, the beginning of the
back, and the two middle tail feathers blue grey; under parts of the
body whitifh, but the fides of it are ferruginous: between the bill and.
eye a narrow ftreak of black.
Found with the laft.

Sylvia Hyrundinacea, Nat. Mz/c. iv. pl. 11 4».

HIS is a fmall fpecies: all above the plumage is black; from
the chin to the breaft fine crimfon; from thence to the vene
white, divided down the middle with a broad black ftreak: the vent.
and under tail coverts orange..
Inhabits the fame places as the laft, of een it is probably a va—
riety.

ILL black: legs pale brown: plumage above brown, clouded

with purplifh, red; beneath blueifh white: the two middle tail.
feathers brown ; the others purplifh red, Hppce with. white,

Inhabits Mew South Wales.

Wed oR Bett: Ee Re

Motacilla fammea, Muf. Car//. fa/e. iv. tab. 97.

HIS elegant little bird is the fize of a Wren: the bill, legs,
wings, and tail, are black: the head, neck, and back, a beautiful
pale orange or flame colour: eyes black: tongue furnifhed with two
hairs at the end; the belly paie grey.
Inhabits the Palm Trees of Fava. Dr. Sparrman fays there are feven
prime quills, nine fecondaries, and ten tail feathers ; but in the War-
bler genus we find in general not fewer than twelve.

Motacilla Pufilla, White's Fourn.t. p..257.

HIS is about the fize of the Superb Warbler: the upper parts of
the plumage brown; pale beneath, with a band of brown to-
wards the tip of the tail: bill and legs black.
Inhabits New South Wales: has evidently fome affinity with the
fpecies to which it is compared above; but the tail is not cuneated,
being even at the end.

Kks

25%
4l.
FLAME-
COLOURED

Ww.
Descrirrion,

PLACE,

42.
DWARF
W.

Description.

PLACE.

252

i
SUPERB
M

DescRiIPTION.

2:
PICICITLY
M

DESCRIPTION.
Prace.

MIACATO-
TOTL
M:
DxesCRIPTION.

PLAcg.-

NEE AGN). (ACO TNE

Genus XLIV. MANAKIN.

Ne.1. Superb M.
2. Picicitl M.
3. Miacatototl M..
4. Speckled M.

N° 5. Supercilious M.-
6. Czrulean M.
7. Long-tailed M.
%. Crimfon-throated M;,.

Pipra fuperba, [nd. Oras ii. p.556. 4.
Manacus fuperbus, Pall. Spic. fa/c. vi. pl. iti. f. 1.
SIZE of the Blue-backed Manakin: bill black: general colour of |
the plumage deep black; but the crown of the head has the
feathers pretty long, forming a creft of a glowing red colour: back
between the wings pale blue: prime quills brown: tail. fhort,. com--
pofed of ten feathers: legs yellowifh.
This feems to differ very little from the Blue-backed Manakin.

Pipra Picicitli, sd. Orz. ii. p. 559. 16..
Avis Picicitli Tetzcaquenfis, Ferz. NM, Hi/p..p.'§3. cap. CC..
HIS isa {mall fpecies: general colour cinereous :: head and neci:
black: on the fides of the head a white fpot, in. which the eyes:
are placed, which proceeds on each fide'to the breaft...
Inhabits Mexico; appears there after the rainy feafon; is deftitute-
ofa fong;. will not bear confinement ; is efteemed as. good food: not-
known where it brzeds.

Pipra Miacatototl, Ind..Orz, ii. ps 560; 19.—Ferzand. Hift. N; Hifp.p. 30:-
gual S.is black, with white feathers intermixed ; belly pale: wings
and tail beneath cinereous.

Inhabits Mexico; is feen frequently perched on the Maize plants ;
iets affects -

MEAS NE AK IPO NS

‘affects the cooler fituations ; is accounted good food. Both this and
the laft are of a doubtful genus.

Speckled Manakin, Nar. Mi/e. pl. 111.

IZE fmall; and the different fpecimens vary confiderably : the
bill black: legs brown: the whole top of the head and back of
the neck black, marked with pale fpots: back and wing coverts
brownifh yellow, with the middle of each feather dark brown: the
outer edge of the wing, the quills, and tail black, fpotted with white;

all the under parts of the body yellowifh white, with a tinge of red-

on the breaft: lower part of the back dull yellow: rump crimfon.

In another, only the top of the head is black, fpotted with white:
hind part ofthe neck blue grey. In both, the forehead, .and between
the bill and eye, are yellowifh, and in the laft-mentioned, the. yellow-
appears to pafs through the eye, and is juft feen at the back part of
it.

Inhabits New Holland. Iam indebted. to the pencil of General
Davies-for thefe defcriptions, taken from fpecimens in the poffeffion of
Captain King. Thefe feem to have fome affinity to the Srriped-headed
Manakin.

SIZE of the: Speckled’ Manakin : bill and legs brown: general co-
lour of the plumage above pale reddifh chefnut;. beneath dirty
yellowtfh white: over the eye a whitifh mark, bounded above with

black: quills brown: tail fhort, black; the two middle feathers dotted.

on the fides, and the others at the ends, with whites
Inhabits. New. Holland.-

4.
SPECKLED
M

DeEscRIPTIONs

PLacre

Ks
SUPERCILIOUS
M.

DESCRIPTION»

PLacs:

254

6.
CARULEAN
M.

DESCRIPTION.

LONG-TAILED
M

DESCRIPTION.

8.
CRIMSON-
THROATED
M

DESCRIPTION.

MAN AK IN,

SIZE ofthe laft: bill and legs brown: tongue jagged at the end:
p'umage on the upper parts of the body blueifh: crown, quills,

and tail dufky black; under parts of the body yeliowith white.
Native place uncertain.

Long-tailed Manakin, Nat. Mi/c. vol. v« pl. 153.

SIZE of the Blue-backed Manakin: the general colour of this bird
is a fine blue: the whole crown of the head crimfon: wings
black: two middle tail feathers elongated to a point three quarters
of an inch beyond the reft: the plumage, efpecially about the neck, is
gloffed with green: bill brown: legs of a pale colour.
Native place not mentioned.

SIZE of the Gold-beaded Manakin: the upper parts of the plumage
blueifh black: chin, throat, fore part of the neck and vent crim-
fon: belly white: bill pale: leos dufky.

I met with a fpecimen of this bird in the collection of General Davies,
who informed me it came from the ifland of Huaheine. In ftature
and appearance it is not unlike our Crim/on-vented Manakin ; but whe-
ther at all allied to that bird muft remain for future inquiry.

Dee OM. Ould. .S.E:

CSiEINGU S) cls Ver ny VO ee SP Es

N° 1. Crimfon-rumped T. N° 4. Indian T.
2. Crefted T. s. Knjaefcik T.
3. Alpine T.

Parus peregrinus, Jud. Orn. ii. p. 564..4.—Mu/. Carlf ii. p. 48. 49
Crimfon-rumped Titmoufe, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 539. 4.

N the male, according to the figure in Mfu/. Carif. the head, neck,

and back, are afh colour: between the bill and eye, and under the

lafl, dufky black: fore part of the neck and breaft high orange co-
Jour; rump the fame: bill and vent whitifh: under part of the wings
pale brimftone; above black; but the bafes of fome are orange,
making a fpot on the wing: the four middle tail feathers are black,
the reft black as far as the middle, from thence to the ends orange:
the female has the upper parts the fame ath colour as the male, but
paler: the whole of the under parts are dufky white :: rump orange :
fpot on the wing the fame, but paler: tail as in the male, but more
of the feathers are tipped with orange: bill and legs in both black.
This is a doubtful f{pecies, and is fo like the Flammeous Flycatcher
in fome of its changes (for we have feen feveral. varieties of that bird)
that it has been with difficulty that we have kept it apart therefrom.

Parus criflatus, Jad. Orn, ii. p. 567: 14.
Crefted Titmoufe, Ger. Syn. iv. p. 545. 12:
E have heard of this fpecies being plentiful in fome parts of
Scotland, efpecially in the pine forefts, from whence I have re-
ceived a fpecimen, now in my poffeffion.

Fr. -
CRIMSON-
RUMPED.

a0.
DeEscRIPTION-

Ze
CRESTED
T.

$56

3.
ALPINE
T.

DESCRIPTION.

Prace.

4.
INDIAN
five

‘/ESCRIPTIONe

PLACE.

KNJAESCIK
-

DeEscCRIPTION.

PEace.

YT Me U6 FE.

Parus alpinus, Ind, Orn. ii. p. 569. 21.—S. G. Gmel. It, iv. p. 17 1.—=Pall.
N. Nord. Beytr. iv. p. 49.

SIZE and fhape of the Long-tailed Titmoufe: the feathers on the
upper part of the body are black, margined with afh colour; be-
neath pale rufous, fpotted with black: a white line from the bafe of -
the bill, running towards the nape: quills black: tail the fame, a
trifle forked in fhape; the outmoft feather marked with a cuneiform
{pot of white at the tip.
Inhabits the higher parts of Perfia; and lives on infects.

Parus indicus, 2nd. Ora. ii. p. 572. 29.—Ms/f. Carlf. fa/e. ii. tab. 50.

IZE of the Greater Titmouje: bill and legs brown: forehead dufky;
the reft of the upper parts of the plumage cinereous: chin and
throat dufky white: breaft, belly, and vent, ferruginous: wing co-
verts dufky black, with cinereous margins: quills and tail dufky ; the
Jaft a trifle forked.
Inhabits Jndia.

Parus Knjaefcik, Ind, Orn.ii. p. 572. 30.——Lepech, 27, 1. p. 18 le

HIS is white, with a livid coloured collar; a ftripe of the fame
through the eyes, and a continued ftripe on the under parts of the
body. »
Inhabits the oak forefts of Sidiria.

ree na : ae
YEE (ho th
(3° if y L x
seh i Hid a
aie ee ‘t ‘ 1
‘
\
’
/
CA te f
At Sane \ i
TYEE neh nee ne mitt in a
‘ + a mes
ir oe 2, Fo i
" h aaa {
Mie

P1,CXXXvV.

Publisha as the Act directs May 30,1801. by Leigh Sotheby ke Jon Vork Street, vent Garden.

——

Se Ves? Wik (Ox, We

Genus. XLVI SWALLOW.
N° x. Efculent Sw. N° 4. New Holland Sw.
2. Aculeated Sw. 5. Javan Sw.
3. Needle-tailed Sw.

Hirendo efculenta, Jnd. Orn. il. p. 580. 26.—Olcar. Myf. tab. 14. fig. 2 and 6,

(the nef.) é
* Chinefifche Felfen Schwalbe, De Vries, S. 279.
Small Grey Swallow, witha dirty white belly, Zé. to China, i. p. 288.——Jd.

ii. p- +5.
Efculent Swallow, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 578. 28.
SIZE of the Sand Martin: iength four inches and a half: from
the tip to tip of the wings expanded, full eleven inches: the bill
is {mall and black; gape wide: general colour of the plumage dufky
black, and gloffy above; all the under parts from the chin to the
vent pale afh colour: the wings are very long, meafuring from the
joint of the fhoulder to the end of the quills, four inches and a half;
and when clofed, exceeding the- end of the tail by at leaft one inch:
the tail is rather forked, all the feathers rounded at the ends, and all
of a plain dufky black colour; the three outer feathers on each fide
are one inch and three quarters long, and of nearly equal lengths,
but the three interior fhorten by degrees as they approach inwards,
the two middle ones being no more than one inch and a quarter: the
legs are dufky, and bare of feathers.
We are inclined to credit, with Sir George Staunton*, the poflibility
of more than one fpecies being concerned in making the much ef-
teemed nefts; but in cafe it be not fo, the bird formerly fuppofed

* Emb. to China, i. p. 290.
Supp. II, L1- to

257

T.
ESCULENF
SW.

Descrir7Tion,

258

re
ACULEATED
SW.

SWAT Oy W:

to be the fabricator of the- nefts in queftion, muft be totally diftinét
from the one here defcribed, as that is reprefented fmaller than a
Wren, with a white belly, and white {pots on the end of the tail *, but
no fuch marks are to be found in our fpecies.

It is fer from improbable to fuppofe, that even more than the two
fpecies above hinted may be concerned. Willughby, Ray, Klein, and
fome others, call their bird particoloured, the meaning of which is by
no means clear. De Vries, fpecifically as large as a Swallow, and
black +; and Sir George Staunton, in his fhort defcription, fays, fmall
srey Swallows, with bellies of a dirty white ; but he obferves, they
were fo fimall, and flew fo quick, that they efcaped the fhot fired at
them. The way to reconcile thefe differences muft be left to future:
obfervers.

The fpecimen from which the figure is taken, is now with its young
in my colleé&tion, prefented to me by Sir Fo/eph Banks, having been
fent to him from Sumatra.

I have alfo been enabled to give a figure of the neft, being not
only furnifhed with an accurate drawing of one, but jlikewife the nett
itfelf, from Mr. Hay, junior, of Portfea.

Hirundo Pelafgia, Ind. Ora. ii. p. 581. 30.—Bartram’s Trav. p. 290.
Aculeated Swallow, Gen. Syz. iv. p. 583.32.

THs Mr. Bartram calls the Houfe Swallow, becaufe it builds in

chimnies, inthe fame manner as our Chimney Swallow does in
Europe’; which laft is alfo found in America. He obferved vaft flights
not only of this, but the Baxk Martin, pafs northward from Carolina
and Florida, towards Pennfylvania, where they breed in fpring, about

* Defcribed by M. Je Poivre, and taken up by Brifon and Linneus, and after-
ward: by WM. Bufjon.—See alfo Geria. Orn. iv.t. 411. fig.z. In alli thefe figures, the
wings reach no farther than the rump.

_ + “ Men find int Konighryck Tanquin, des gelycks op de Kiift van Coromandel
<* Seekere Soort von Swarte Yogelen fo groot als cene gemeene Swaluw.”

9 the

SMUG Eek OF ME

the middle of March, and likewife in September and Oéfoder, on their
return fouthward.

FiIS is twice the fize of the laft, though in many things. not un-
like : the bill is broad and flat, and the claws ftrong: the general
colour is dufky, with a glofs of green on the wings and tail, and the
inner wing coverts mixed with white: the forehead is white, and the
throat nearly fo, being very pale: the tail feathers furnifhed at the
ends with. projecting points, as fharp as a-needle.
Inhabits New South Wales; met with in moft plenty in. February;
and among other infects, obferved to feed on a large locuft, which at
that feafon is very common.

SIZE of the lait: general colour dufky brown, and without any
tinge of green on the upper parts: throat and rump blueifh white:

the tail feathers run to a point, but are deftitute of ve needle-fhaped —

procefies at the tips.

It is found with the laft, and report affirms it to be the female;
but it may be doubted, becaufe in the Mish {pecies, both fexes
have the tails alike.

Hirundo javanica, Mz/: Carl/. iv. tab. 100.

Trifle lefs than the Chimney Swallow: biil flat, pointed, black;

noftrils oval; gape wide; tongue bifid: wings longer than the
tail: the body above blueith black, gloffy : forehead, throat, and fore
part of the neck ferruginous: breaft, belly, rump, and under part of
the wings, pale afh colour: quills black: tail even at the end; the
two middle feathers plain black, the others the fame, marked with a
white {pot on each: legs black,

Inhabits Fava; makes the neft in the earth,
Lila

259

3.
NEEDLE-
TAILED
SW.
DescriPrron,

PLACE.

4.
NEW-
HOLLAND
SW.
DescriPTion,

PLAce.

DESCRIPTION,

PLACE:

£69

1.
BOMBAY
G.

Dsscriprion.

PLACE.

GOATSUCKER.

Genus XLVI]. GOATSUCKER.

N° 1. Bombay G. N° 5. Great-headed G.
2. New Holland G. 6. Gracile G.
3. Banded G. 7. Fork-tailed G.
4. Strigoid G. 8. Leona-G.

Caprimulgus afiaticus, Jad. Orn. ii. p. 588. 16.
L’Engouleyent a collier, Levail), O:/: i. p. 186. pl. 49.
Bombay Goat-fucker, Gen. Syn. Sup. p. 195+. 16.

HIS, by 14. Levaillant, is likened to our European fpecies in fize,.

and differs not in defcription from the Bombay Goat/ucker above

referred to, except in having the white on the throat broadening out
on the Sides into fine yellow orange.

The female is faid to be fmaller; and the white on the throat in-
clines to rufous, but without the accompanying orange feathers fo
confpicuous in the male; and the fpot on the tail rufous inftead. of
white. It is in the orange ftreak being a continuation. of the white
one on the throat, that this bird differs from our Bombay f{pecies, in
which it is not feen; and may arife from different periods of age.

This is found in the inward parts of the Cape of Good Hope, but not
at the Cape itfelf; is well known on the borders of the Gamfoos, in
Hottniqua Land, efpecially towards the bay of Lagoa, or Blettenberg:;
called there Night Ow/; feeds on infects, efpecially beetles, which it.
takes from the ground, as it does others in flying, {wallowing them:
whole, like the reft of this genus.

They pair in September; lay two white eggs on the ground, fome-
times in @ hedge; the male and female fit by turns: if the eggs are

difturbed,

GOATSUCKER.

difturbed, take them to another place in their bills; make a horrid
noife for an hour at Jeaft after fun-fet, and before fun-rife, fo as to-
difturb- the neighbouring inhabitants; and in fine nights, fometimes
the whole night through.

Caprimulgus Nove Hollandiz, Jnd. Orn. ii. p. 588. 18.
Crefted Goat-fucker, Phill. Bot. Bay, t. p. 270.—White’s Fourn. t. p. 241,

ENGTH nine‘inches and a half: general colour of the plumage
on the upper parts brown, mottled and crofled with obfcure
bars of white: quills plain brown, but the edges of four or five of the
outer ones dotted with dufky white : the tail rounded in fhape, or flight-
ly cuneiform; the two middle feathers five inches long, the outmoft
four ; the two middle ones crofféd on both webs with twelve dufky

white bars, dotted with brown; but the others only on the outer:
webs: the under parts of the body moftly white ; but the throat, breaft,.
and fides are marked with narrow dufky bars: bill black; infide of

the mouth yellow ; fides of it furnifhed with briftles, as in many of the
genus; befides which, at the bafe of the bill, before the eyes, are ter
or twelve ftiff briftles, barbed fparingly on each fide, and ftanding
erect, fo as to reprefent a creft: the legs are pale yellow :. the toes:
long and flender: claws black, but not pectinated.

Inhabits New: Holland: no account has been hitherto learned of
the manners, further than that it appears about our fettlement at Port
Fack/on,.in March.

In fome drawings in poffeffion of Mr. Lambert, I obferved one very:
fimilar, though {maller ; but does not feem to differ fufficiently to. re-
quire a feparate defcription.

26r

NEW-
HOLLAND
G

Description,

Piacz.

BANDED
G

DescRIPTION.

PLace.

4.
STRIGOID

G.

DuscripTion.

GOATS UC KER:

i

HE fize of this bird is not certain, but fuppofed to be ten or

eleven inches long: the billis black, not very lange, and bent ;
and the gape exceedingly wide, as ufual in the genus: the irides
orange or yellowifh: the head is full of feathers, and of a dirty flefh
colour; the reft of the neck and under parts of the body not much
different, with a ferruginous tinge: under the eye, on the fides of the
neck, and beneath. the wings, crofled every where with broken dufky
lines and other markings :, the crown and back part of the neck are
black, coming forwards on each fide in a curved point over the eye:
acrofs the nape is a band of black, ending on each fide about the ~
middle of the neck, where it divides into two parts: the back and
wings are dufky blue, powdered with black: quills dufky, edged
and fpotted with dufky ruft colour: tail dufky, with dull pale ferru-
ginous fpots on each fide of the webs of the feathers ; in fhape
fomewhat forked: legs reddifh flefh colour.

Inhabits New South Wales, where it is called by the Engli » Mu-

quite Hawk, a name, it muft be remarked, the Goatfucker of North
America 1s known by : snot frequent i in July.

HIS is twice the: fize of the European fpecies; and at a diftance
- having the appearance of the Short-eared Owl: the general colour
of Me siniranee is rufty brown above; marked on- the head with
rufty brown’ ftreaks, and the back mottled and ftreaked. with the
fame: on the wing coverts are three oblique palifh mottled bars:
quills brown, with pale fpots on the outer margins: the~ under parts

_ of the body not unlike the upper, marked with narrow fagittal ftreaks

of brown: tail fomewhat forked: the fides of the head, through the
; cys

P1,CXXXVI,

Foti 7

Hit Of 6

Hi

Mate
pen
nth

i, ip =
a Wrst
Y) Hi my) als
j aie ye

Sach has

Soo
ee ns

ur4ae, Ses
mg sy Miya © fy

Zee Volos

Liblishd as the Act Girees May 30.1801, by Leigh, Sotheby k Son, Fork Sircec, Covent Garden,

GOATS UCKE R.

eye, pale brown; above the eye, a pale clouded whitifh ftreak : bill
black: legs yellowith. +

Inhabits the fame parts, and at the fame time with the laft: the
native name Bir-reagel.

HIS is a large fpecies, being full thirty inches in length : the bill

very ftout, more fo than~in any other fpecies; colour pale
brown: general colour of the plumage dull black or dufky brown,
mottled and ftreaked with whitifh and ruft colour: breaft pale dull
ferruginous : belly pale afh colour: the quills are barred or {potted
with black and white alternate, the tail the fame; on both webs the
white tranfverfe mark ‘being bordered above with black ; in fhape
rounded at the end: the head and neck are remarkably large and full
of feathers, with a feries of longer feathers arifing at the bafe of the
bill, ftanding up like a creft: irides yellow: legs pale yellowifh
brown. st Ma 5 a:
Inhabits New South Wales, with the others.

tabs

HIS isa large fpecies: the bill ftout, pale brown, with feveral
erect briftles: at the noftrils: irides and legs yellow: the plumage
above is mottled and ftreaked, not greatly unlike our Exropean {pecies,
but feems to be of a more flender make, and has a larger tail in pro-
portion: all the under parts from the chin are whitifh, mottled and
ftreaked with ferruginous yellow.
Inhabits New South Wales; called by the natives Poo-dook,

263

Pracsz.

5.
GREAT-
HEADED
G.
DEscriprion,

PLaceE.

6.
GRACILE
G

DESCRIPTION.

PLace.

“264

‘TF.
_FORK-TAILED
=

DEscRIPTION.

Prace.

8.
LEONA
G

Description,

GO ACT SW Kobi Rn:

Engoulevent 2 queue fourchue, Levaill, O// i. p. 178. pl. 47. 48.

HIS isa very large fpecies, exceeding in length every other yer

recorded ; for it meafures from the tip of the bill to the end of
the tail, twenty-fix inches: the body does not exceed the fize of the
Brown Owl; but the neck and the tail make two-thirds of the general
length: the bill is black, much bent, and when the mouth is clofed,
appears very fmall; on the contrary, the gape is aftonifhingly large ;
the upper mandible has a fingular kind of notch about the middle,
into which the under one fhuts, whereby the union of the two becomes
moft complete: the plumage is not far different in colour from that of
the European {pecies, being compofed of a mixture of black, brown,
rufous, and white; but the moft confpicuous character is the enor-
mous length of tail, which is greatly forked in fhape, the middle
feathers not being more than half the length of the outer ones: the
legs are yellow. —

A male and female of thefe were by chance procured by Mr. Le-
vaillant ; they had taken their abode in a hollow decayed tree, which
had fallen by the fide of the river of Lions, in Great Namaqua Land,
in the interior of the Cape of Good Hope. It makes a noife founding
fomewhat like Gher, r, r, r, r, in this not greatly differing from the
European {pecies.

=

Caprimulgus macrodipterus, Afxelius Defer. Sierra Leon. tab. in D°.
— Leona Goat-fucker, Nar. Mifc. 8. pl. 65.

His fingular fpecies is about the fize of the European one, and
not far different from it in the general markings: the length
from the bill to the end of the tail is eight inches and a quarter; but
the

G OMAWT S'UXC KER.

the remarkable circumftance belonging to it, is the, having a fingle
feather fpringing out of the middle part of the coverts of each wing,
full twenty inches in length: this continues as a plain unwebbed
fhaft for fourteen inches and three quarters, having a few folitary
hairs on the infide only, from thence it expands into a broad web for
the remaining five inches and a quarter of its length. ‘This part is
_ mottled, not unlike the darker part of the reft of the plumage, and
crofled with five dufky bars: the web or blade has almoft the whole
of its breadth on the inner fide, being there more than one inch
broad, but very narrow on the outer part of the fhaft: the legs are
{mall.

into. Exgland: one of which was added to my collection by Th. Wilfon,
Efquire.

Supp. Il. Mm

Inhabits Sierra Leona, in Africa ; feveral ‘of them have been brought.

265

Piacr.

ie
BRONZE-
WINGED

ws

DESCRIPTION.

Py BAG Ea OuN:

Orver IV. COLUM BIN E.

GEN vis, XLVIUL), Pl. GE, ON.

“ WITH MODERATE Tatts. N* 7. Southern P.

N° 1. Bronze-winged P. 8. Pale P.
2. Brown P. g. Surat P.
3- Egyptian P. ** Witu Lone Talts.
4. White-faced P. 10. Bantamefe P.
baal ede hi eepeay 11. Black-winged P.
6. Waalia P. 12. St. Domingo-P.

* WITH MODERATE TAILs.

Columba Chalcoptera, Jud. Oru. ii. p. 604. 39-

Bronze-winged Pigeon, PAri/. Bot. Bay, t. p. 162.—=White’s Fourn. t. p. 146.
—Lev. Mu. p. 227.t. 55.

SIZE of a Common Pigeon: bill.and legs red: the general colour
of the plumage is cinereous brown on the upper parts; on the

under cinereous, with a tinge of red on the breaft ; on the middle

of the wing a large patch or rather double bar of beautiful refplendent
copper bronze, varying in different lights to red and green, arifing
from each of the middle coverts, having a large oval fpot of bronze
on the outer webs near the ends; fome of the adjacent feathers have
alfo fimilar fpots, but in a lefs degree, and making no part of the large
patch: the tail confifts of fixteen feathers; the two middle ones

brown;

Bek G PESONN.

brown; the others dove colour, crofied with a bar of black near the
ends: the forehead in fome fpecimens is buff colour, nearly white;
with the chin the fame, paffing beneath the eye: in others, the whole
of the face is brown, with a dark ftreak through the eye.

This inhabits Norfolk Iland, alfo various parts of New Holland,
and no where more frequent than in the neighbourhood of Siduey Cove
and Betany Bay; more efpecially in fandy and defert tracts; is only
feen from September to February, and at that time very numerous ;
and chiefly in pairs. They make a neft either in the ftump of fome low
tree, or on the ground; lay two white eggs in a very flight neft,
and hatch in November: are-obferved to feed chiefly on a fruit like a
cherry, the ftones.of which have been found in quantities. in their
ftomachs. The places they frequent are eafily known, as they make
a loud kind of cooing noife, which at a diftance may be miftaken for
the lowing ofa cow. The name it is known by, in New Holland, is
Goad-gang, and by the Englifh, Ground Pigeon, being unable to take long

flights, and feen chiefly on the ground or low trees; called by fome

alfo Brufh Pigeon.

Columba brunnea, Ind. Ora. ii. p. 603. 38.

HE bill and legs in this fpecies are blood red: the crown; upper
part of the neck, back, and wing coverts,. red brown: breaft, fore
part of the neck, and rump, glofly green.
Inhabits New Zealand,

Columba A-gyptiaca, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 607. 49.——Forfk. Faun: Arab. p. 5. 15:

HE bill is black: head flefh colour, with a tinge of violet : orbits
naked, and blueifh: the feathers of the throat are cuneiform,
black, divided at the tips. into two flender lobes, which diverge, are
truncated at the ends, and of a rufty flefh colour: back cinereous :
Mm 2 breatt

267

PLace,

2
BROWN:
Descr ee TON.

PLacE.

ae
EGYPTIAN
LY

DESCRIPTION.

268

PLACE.

tas
WHITE-FACED
Pe

DescrRiPTION.

PLAcs.
PigD
Tee

DEsCRIPTION.

BPG TE MOF NI

breaft violet flefh colour: belly and thighs whitifh: wings chiefly
brown: the two outermoft tail feathers are cinereous at the bafe,
in the middle black, the reft white; the two next on each fide
cinereous at the bafe, black in the middle, and whitifh at the very

, tip; the fifth on each fide brown, with a dufky middle; andthe two

middle ones wholly brown: legs flefh colour.

Inhabits Egypt; moftly feen about houfes: whether this is the moft
common {pecies which frequents thofe parts is not faid; but Savary *
informs us, that in Egypt, Pigeons are more numerous than in any
other country whatever, being in fuch vaft flights as to darken the
air; and this feems credible, as every hamlet, every town, as we are

‘told, forms one vaft pigeon. houfe.

‘HIS is much larger than our Turile: the bill and legs reddith: _
face and fides of the head, as far as the eyes, white: before each
eye a triangle of black, and behind a crimfon fpot: crown and hind
head pale afh; and the reft of the neck dufky: upper part of the
body and wings dull green; fome of the inner quills ferruginous :
beneath from the breaft white; fides of the breaft next the wings
black: fides of the body marked with a double feries of black {pots.
Inhabits New Holland: native name Goad-gang.

: GIZE of the laft: bill and legs the fame: ‘the whole of the face,

reaching beyond the eyes, white: the general colour of the
plumage ereenifh black on the upper parts, which colour wholly fur- .
rounds the neck; and below this, coming forward on each fide irre-
gularly on the breaft, but not meeting thereon; from that part where

® Letters on Egypt. Let. 31.
the

Ply, G iKj3O ®t.

the black furrounds the neck, the under parts are white, but the fides
of the body near the wings, and the vent, marked with feveral {pots
of black: the tail is black, tipped with white.

This feems greatly allied to the laft, perhaps differing only in fex
or age. Both of them were feen at Port Fack/on, in New Holland, in

December.

Waalia Pigeon, Bruce’s Trav. iv. p. 282. 200.—/d. App. tab. p. 186.

HIS is lefs than the Common Blue Pigeon, but larger than the

Turtle Dove: the general colour is green, inclining to olive:
head and neck darker and lefs lively than the reft: the pinion of the
wing is of a beautiful pompadour colour; the outer edge of the wing
narrowly marked with white: tail dirty pale blue; below the tail
fpotted brown and white: thighs white, fpotted with brown: belly
of a lively yellow: the bill is a blueifh white ; noftrils large: irides
dark orange: legs yellowifh brown; feet large.

This inhabits the low parts of Abyfinia; perches on the higheft
trees, fitting quietly during the heat of the day; flies, high, and in
valt flocks ; frequents moftly a fpecies of beech treé, on the maft
of which it feems chiefly to live. In the beginning of the rainy
feafon, in the Kollz, they emigrate to the fouth and fouth weft, and
are frequently fo extremely fat,as to burft on their falling to the
ground. Mr. Brucz, from-whom the above account is taken, ob-
ferves, that it is the fatteft and beft of all the Pigeon kind; yet the
Abyffinians will not tafte the flefh, holding it in abhorrence. The

name Waalia, given to it by Mr. Bruce, is from the bird being fre- .

quently met with there, and lies due north weft from Gondar : it feems
greatly allied to the Pompadour Pigeon *.

* Gen, Sya.iv, p. 624.

2fig

Prac.

6.
WAALIA
P

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

270

hs
SOUTHERN
By

DzscriPTioNn.

Poacs.

BIN cae
PALE
P.
DESCRIPTION.

Pracez,

0:
SURAT
P

DescripTioNn.

Pie Geen. Ne

IZE of a Turtle; length ten inches: general colour of the plumage
deep reddifh brown; a little paler on the breaft; from thence all
beneath is pale reddifh white: the eye is brown, placed in a bare
blueifh white fkin: the bill black, a trifle bent at the end; the nof-
trils apparent, but not protuberant: the quills are deep brown: on
the leffer coverts, three or four marks of blackifh purple: tail fhort,
cuneiform, the feathers rather pointed at the ends; the two middle
feathers black brown, with a bar of black about three quarters of an
inch from the end; the others brown, but white for about one inch.
next the tip, the two colours joining in a lunular form;, the outer
feathers white on the outer web the whole of its length: legs red.
Inhabits New Holland: 1 faw a fpecimen of this at Mr. Swain/on’s..
It feems to be much allied to the Martinico Pigeon, ox its variety..

HE bill and legs in this bird are brown: the general colour of
the plumage greenifh white: the head and neck inclining to afh
colaur: the greater quills are plain; but the reft marked’ irregularly
with black on each fide the fhafts: the two middle tail feathers are-
dufky, the others very pale or whitifh: the outer edge of the wings:
and the quills are dufky.
Inhabits New Holland.

Columba Suratenfis, Ind. Orn. ii. p. Gog. 55.
La Tourterelle de Surate, Sonn. Voy. Ind. it. p. 17.9:

IZE of the Collared Turtle: bill black: irides and legs re: the
general colour of the plumage is grey: the upper part of the
neck black; the nape white: back part of the neck fafciated with
9 rufous.:

PAG EO. N;

rufous: the wing coverts cinereous grey, with the fhafts of the fea-
thers black. .
Inhabits Jndia.

: ** With Lone Talits.
Columba Bantamenfis, Ind. Ora. ii. p. 615. 77-—Mu/: Carl. fa/. iii. t. 67.

HIS is a fmall fpecies, not exceeding in fize the Wryneck: the
bill is black: the legs red: the plumage is on the upper parts
hoary afh colour, the under whitifh, marked on the back, wings, and
breaft, with waved black crefcents: the tail is cuneiform, the length
of the body, and confifts of fourteen feathers ; the fix middle ones are
black, the reft white towards the tips.
Inhabits the ifland of Fava; exceedingly common near Bantam, in

the palm woods of which it fills the ears of the neighbouring inhabi- °

tants with its pleafing melancholy notes.

Columba melanoptera, Ind. Ora. ii. p. 615. 78.—Molin. Chili (Fr. ed.) p. 215.

X7 E have no other defcription of this fpecies, further than that it
has a wedged tail, a blueifh body, and the quills black.
Inhabits Cdiiz. 5

Columba dominicenfis, Ind. Orn. ii. p.615.79.
Tourterelle de St. Domingue, P/. Enl. 487.
HIS is in length eleven inches: bill black: legs red: the body
above cinereous grey, fomewhat undulated on the back: a few
dufky fpots on the wings: breaft vinaceous: forehead, throat, fides
of the head, and from thence a collar under the nape, white; a black
fpot on the crown of the head; a band of the fame colour from the
noftrils, pafles beneath the eye, and grows broader behind; on the
middle of the neck, a collar of black: the vent is white: tail grey;
the feathers all tipped with white.
Inhabits the ifland of St. Domingo.

271
PLACK.

10.
BANTAMESE
P

DEscriprion.

PLace,

it.
BLACK-
WINGED
i
Descriprion.

PLaAce.
12.
ST, DOMINGO
Pe

Descriprion.

Prace,

272

1.
GUINEA
Ee

2.
EGYPTIAN
12s
DESCRIPTION.

Pe PE NY DA Dae

Orper V. GALLINACEOUS,
Genus LII. PINTADO. |

N° 1. Guinea P. N° 2. Egyptian P.

Numida Meleagris, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 621. 1.
Guinea Pintado, Gen. Syz. iv. p. 685.—Id. Sup. p. 204.
DR. Sparrman fays, he found thefe birds in great plenty in the
inner parts of the Cape of Good Hope; and Mr. Levaillant * gives
much the fame account; but adds, that being frightened from the
trees, they run a good way, and on their attempting to take wing

"again, are often caught in numbers: by the dogs, without firing a

fhot ; the dogs firft frighten them, by barking at the roots of the
trees, where they fometimes rooft by hundreds of evenings.

They are likewife very common on the mountains in the ifland of
Hinzuan or Johanna >.

Meleagris egyptiaca, Ind. Ora. ii. p. 622.—Ger. Orn. ii. p. 80. tab. 232.

HE bill in this bird is pale red: legs blueifh black: the head
and neck rufous, and very thinly befet with hairs; the feathers
on the top of the head long, ftanding upwards as a creft; on each jaw
a folded rugofe fkin, of a pale blue colour, but not enough elongated
to be called a wattle: the body is black, marked with blueith fpots,
much larger than in the Cre/fed fpecies, of which it may perhaps
only prove a variety.
This defcription was taken from a living fpecimen in the aviary at
Verfailles, in 1728.

® Lewaill. Voy.i. p. 195. (Fr. ed. 8vo.) + Afiat. Refearch. ii. p. 86.

“.

PI.CXXXVL#*

CVV OAL ip

“fie rt Mes
Publishd as the Act directs May 20, 480i, by Leigh. Sotheby & Son Lark Suet, Covent Garden

MEN URA,

Genus LIT* MENURA,.

ILL ftout, conico-convex, a trifle naked at the bafe.
Nosrrits oval, placed in the middle of the bill.

Tar long, confifting of fixteen loofe webbed feathers; the two
middle ones narrow, exceeding the others greatly in length; the
outer one on each fide growing much broader, and curved at the end.

Lees ftout, made for walking.

‘HIS fingular bird is about the fize of a Hen Pheafant; the total
length from the point of the bill to the end of the longeft tail
feathers is more than three feet and a half:. the bill, from the tip to
the beginning of the feathers at the bafe, is one inch and a quarter,

but to the gape about half an inch more; it is nearly ftraight,.

except towards the end, where it is fomewhat curved; the noftrils
are a longifh oval flit, placed beyond the middle part, where it is
deprefled; round the eye fo little furnifhed with feathers, as to appear
nearly bare: the head of the male is fomewhat crefted: the general
colour of the plumage on the upper parts brown: the greater part
of the wing inclining to rufous: the fore part of the neck, from the
chin to the breaft, inclines alfo to rufous, but the reft of the parts be-
neath are of a brownifh afh colour, paler towards the vent: the tail
confifts of fixteen feathers, and is of a fingular conftruétion, being
chiefly compofed of loofe webbed feathers, much refembling thofe
fpringing from beneath the wings of the greater Bird of Paradife,
but the vanes are placed at a quarter of an inch diftance each; thefe
feathers are’ twelve in number, and more than two feet in length ;
befides thefe are, firftly, two flender feathers which take rife fiom the
centre of the tail above, and reach confiderably beyond the ends of
the others, and curve towards the end, they are fully webbed on the
outer fide, but om the inner only furnifhed with fhort vanes, one
eighth of an inch long; and laflly, the exterior feather on each fide
is fingularly confpicuous, in leneth fomewhat fhorter than any of the
others, but the webs fully connected throughout, at the bafe about

Mm 5 an

971 *

SUPERB
M.

DEscRIPTION.

272%

‘PLace.

ME CRY ING Or OR. Ae

an inch wide, gradually increafing from thence to the extremity,
where it is full two inches broad, and confiderably curved; the
outer web is pale brown, and narrow; the inner very broad, inclining
to grey, but from the middle to the edge fine rufous, marked with
fixteen curved marks feemingly of a darker colour, but on clofe
infpection are perfeétly tranfparent ; the end of the feather dufky
black, fringed all round with white: the thighs are covered with fea-
thers quite to the knees: the legs fcaly and rough, furnifhed with
{trong claws, curved much like thofe of a Fow/ or Turkey: the colour
of both bill and legs is gloffy black.

I find a fecond fpecimen of this bird in the Briti/h Mufeum, fup-
pofed to be the female, but I fufpect it to be a young bird. In this
the loofe webbed feathers are only fo from the middle to the ends,
being the reft of their length clofely connected as in other birds, and
not only the exterior feather has the crefcents, but the next to it like-
wile on each fide, though much-leds diftin&t. In this the two flender
middle tail feathers were wanting, whether accidental or not could
not be determined. Since my penning the above, I have been favoured
by Mr. Lhompfon, of Saint Martin's Lane, with the infpection of {pe-
cimens of both male and female; the former feemed to anfwer to the
firft defcription; the latter is in comparifon a very plain bird: it is
not at all crefted, and thirty-five inches long from bill to tail, which
is cuneiform in fhape; the longeft feathers being nineteen inches long,
the outer eleven inches; all the feathers as perfelly webbed as birds
in general: the colour of the plumage is deep brown: belly inclining
to afh colour, but the quills and tail are darker than the reft: the
quills reach about two inches on the bafe of the tail.

The above curious bird inhabits New Holland, where it is faid to
be rare; as yet we know only of five fpecimens having arrived in
England, nor have we been able to obtain any account of its manners,
or name it is known by among the natives. It may be fufpected
that the bird rather affects to be upon the ground, in the manner of
our poultry, as the manifeft wearing of the ends of the claws feem
to juftify ; not butin all probability thefe birds may perch on trees
of evenings occafionally, as is ufual in many of the gallinaceous tribe.

PHEASANT.

Genus LIV. PHEASANT.

N* 1. Superb Ph. N° 2. Fire-backed Ph.

Phafianus fuperbus, Jud. Orn. i. p. 628.2. Ware=—Lin, Mantifi. 1771.
p. 526. Var.

Phafianus varius, Nar. Mie. 10. pl. 353.

Superb Pheafant, Gez. Syn. iv. p. 709. 2. Var.

HIS bird is of the fize of a fmall Cask: the bill and legs yellow:
it is furnifhed with a creft and wattles, which laft occupy almoft
as much fpace as in the Turkey: on the neck are hackles, as in the
Cock, of a dark green, with pale edges: the feathers over the fhoulders
are long and black, edged with chefnut: the breaft and under parts

black: the rump furnifhed with long black hackles, with pale edges: '

the tail of a dark fhining green, with the long fickle-fhaped feathers
hanging on each fide, as in the domeftic Cock: the quills are brown:
on each leg is one {pur behind, at the ufual place.

This was fhewn to me by Mr. Humphries, a colleétor of curious
fubjeéts in Natural Hiftory ; but he was able to give no account of
it, further than that it was fuppofed to have come from India.

In a drawing fhewn to me by Colonel Woodford, the feathers of the
neck were blue, edged with yellow: lefler wing coverts golden yel-
low ; the reft of the wing orange tawny: vent white: rump hackles
black, with deep yellow edges: quills and tail deep blue, with two
fickle feathers on the fides, as in the common Cock: bill and legs
yellow, with one fpur behind,

Supp. II, Nr

DESCREPTION.

274

2.
FIRE-BACKED
PH.

DascRIPTIONe

BP HOES ASS MAS NET,

Fire-backed Pheafant of Java, Emb. to Chin. i. p. 246. pl. 13.-=Nat. Mfc.
9. pl. 321-

S1Z E, of a common Fow/: the bill long, pale in colour, and pretty
much curved, yet lefs fo than in the Jmpeyan Pheafant: the face

and fides of the head, much beyond the eyes, covered with a bare
rugofe fkin, as in others of the genus, and hanging in a kind of wattle
on each fide the throat: the general colour of the plumage black,
with a glofs of blue in fome lights: the feathers at the back part of
the head much lengthened into a fort of creft: the lower part of the
back ferruginous, varying into a bright fiery orange colour in different
refleCtions: of light; this furrounds the belly, and is much of the fame
colour, but without the brilliancy of orange as above: the feathers of
the neck and breaft are rounded at the ends, and appear diftinét and
fealv, as in the common Turkey: the tail of the fame colour as the
body: legs ftout, fcaly, each furnifhed with a long and ftout fpur,
fharp at the end; the colour pale like that of the bill.

The above was prefented to Sir George Staunton at Batavia; but
whether indigenous to fava or not, is far from certain.

The tail was mutilated, fo as to make it impoflible to afcertain of
what length it had been originally.

$k Ov &

Genus LVI. GROUS,

N° 1. Hybrid Gr. N° z. Gooto Gr.

Tetrao hybridus, Mu Carl/faf. i. t. 15?
Hybrid Pheafant, White’s Nat. Calend. pl. inp. 65.

HIS, from the appearance in the plate, is certainly more allied
to the Grous than the Phea/ant genus; and does not feem to differ
materially from that in the Carl/onian Mufeum. Did not Mr. White in
another place * exprefsly fay, that the Black Grous was at the time
of his writing extinct at Se/borne, we fhould have no hefitation to
pronounce it a mixed breed between that bird and the Phea/ant ; how-
ever, the fa&t is not impoffible, as the Black Grous ftill remains in fe-
veral parts of Hampfhire. This bird weighed three pounds three
ounces and a half: the back, wings, and tail pale ruffet, curioufly
ftreaked, fomewhat like the upper parts of a Hen Partridge: the tail
blunt and fquare at the end: head, neck, and breaft, gloffy black;
fome of the feathers edged with pale yellow: round the eye a bare
fearlet red fpace; the bill ftout and black, as in the Black Grous:
legs pale brown, totally bare of feathers; claws black.
This was fhot at large in a coppice in the Holt, a feat belonging
to Lord Stawel.

* Hi, of Selborne, p. 16.

Nae

275

i.
HYBRID
GR.

DEscRIPTION.

276 GROU S,

2.
GOOTO Gooto, Bruce’s Trav. i. p. 80. 2416
GR.

DEsceiPrion. MR. Bruce fays, that a bird like a Partridge, and better than a
Pigeon, is common in the defarts of Africa: he gives, however,
but an imperfect defcription of this fpecies, if diftinét from thofe al-
ready known: he defcribes it as being of different colours in different
places: that of the defarts of Tripoli and Cyrenaicum very beautiful 5
that of Egypt fpotted white like a Guinea Fow/, but upon a brown
ground, not a blue one, as the latter is. About Yor, very fmall, and
coloured like the back of a Partridge; but indifferent food, as all of
them are. Mr. Bruce exprefsly fays, this is not of the fame kind as
the Partridge, as the legs and feet are covered with feathers, and has
but two toes before. It feeds on infects.

Mr. Garnet, in his Tour through the Highlands of Scotland, men-
tions, that on account of the different temperatures of the air of the
mountain Benlomond, the perpendicular height of which is faid to be
3,262 feet, that the P/overs abound near the middle of the moun-
tain, Grous a little higher, and near the top Prarmigans, which were
remarkably tame.

PARTRIDGE

Genus, EVI: PART BI. D.G: E: ie
N° x. .Cape’P. N° 7. Californian Quail.
q. Ceylon P. 8. Kakerlik P.
3. Afiatic P. g. Cambaian P.
i Crowned P. to. New Holland Quail.
5. Common P. iz. Cafpian P.
6, Common Quail, 12. New Holland P.

*® WiTH FoUR TOES, FURNISHED WITH A SPUR BEHIND.

Perdix Capenfis, Ind. Orx. ii. p. 643. 1.
Cape Partridge, Gen. Syz. iv. p. 756.

HERE are many reafons to fuppofe this bird and the Senegal
Partridge to be not far diftant in {pecies, though we by no means
are able to confirm it. It may however be obferved, that both in-
habit Africa. The firft fuppofed to be the male, the latter the female,
in incomplete plumage: our bird has two fpurs, the lower one of
which is ftout and fharp; the Senegal Partridge has likewife two, but
both of them blunt, a circumftance not uncommon in female birds,
both of the Partridge and Phea/ant genus.

What the Partridges were which Mr. Levaillant talks of finding at
the Cape, we are not able to affirm. He merely fays, they were as
big as Pheafants, and of three kinds, and in fuch quantities as to
ferve them as ordinary food; and they put them by fcores into the
pots, in order to make foup of them *.

* Levaill. Voy. is p. 97+ (Fr. ed, 8y0.)

277

278

Z.
CEYLON
P.

ASIATIC
P

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE,

4.
CROWNED
Ps

Pf RT RF D-. GES

Tetrao Ceylonenfis, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 644. 3.
Ceylon Partridge, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 758.
N the only defcription extant of this bird, the fize is not mentioned;
but having feen drawings of the female, both in Lady Jmpey’s draw-
ings, and thofe of Mr. Middleton, it appears to be at leaft as big as a
Fowl.

Perdix afiatica, Ind. Orx. ii. p. 649. 20.

HIS is fix inches in length: the bill fhort, obtufe, brown; the
lower mandible pale: head and throat yellow brown: the upper
parts of the body varied with rufous yellow and brown, here and there
mixed with black: beneath whitifh, each feather marked with two
black bands: towards the vent, the colours are lefs diftinét: quills
rufous yellow, variegated with brown: legs reddifh, furnifhed with a
blunt fpur at the back part, about the middle.
Inhabits Judia; common in the Mabraita country.

=* Wirn Lees DESTITUTE OF & SPUR.

Mate.
Columba criftatay Ind. Orn. ii. p. 596. 10.
Phafianus criftatus, Muf: Carlf. fafe. iii. t. 64.
Uncommon Bird from Malacca, Phil. Tranf: \xii. ps 1. te Le
“Le Roloul de Malacca, Son. Voy. Ind. ii. p. 174. te 100:
Violaceous Partridge, Nar. Mic. vol. iti. pl. 34.
Leffer crowned Pigeon, Gen. Syx. iv. p. 622. 10.
FEMALE.
'Fetrao viridis, Jad. Orn. li. p. 650. 22.
Green Partridge, Ger. Syz, iv. p. 777. 21. ts 67.

BOTH the above birds have been before defcribed in the refpec-

tive places above referred to, as birds not only different in fpecies,

but of a different genus, Later obfervations however have proved
I to

PPS Re Ee RAED & Ee

to us that they are one and the fame bird, differing only in fex, and
that in general both have the hind toe not furnifhed with a claw.
That it is fo in So#nera?’s bird, both the figure and defcription teftify ;
and it feems fufficiently clear alfo, that Dr. Badenach meant the fame
in his defcription of the bird in the Philofopkical Tranfaétions *, al-
though his draughtfman has figured it with a back claw; but it cannot
be denied, that now and then an individual may have a claw: for in
the one defcribed by us from the Leverian Mufeum, it was the cafe,
and the. legs fafhioned fo exactly like thofe of a Pigeow, added to the
attitude of the bird being different from the ufual one of any of the
genus, as to induce us to call it a Pigeow. In a collection of living
birds at Exeter Exchange, fome few years fince, was one of thofe alive,
which had every gait and appearance of a Partridge or Quail: but to
put the matter beyond all doubt, we have had the point cleared up by
the examination of three fpecimens of the male fent to England in
fpirits from. Sumetra;all of which wanted the back claw: and as an
additional proof, Sir: Fo/eph\ Banks fome time fince produced to me
two fpecimens of thefe birds fent to him as male and female; hence-
forth therefore, the! ornitholosift will do right in confidering the Lefér
sroconed ‘Pigeon and Green Partridge as see de in fex only.

Perdix cinerea, Ind. Orz. ii. p. 645..9.—Gerin. Orn. iil. t. 249. 250. 251. —

Sepp. Vog. ii. p. 185, tab. 96. 97-
T is generally fuppofed that the female Paréridge differs from the
male in wanting the horfe-fhoe mark on the breaft. We have
however been informed, that ‘this is by no means the cafe, from the
obfervations. of our friends. The male certainly obtains the horfe-
fhoe on the breaft before the female; but in the female, after the

* Pedes tridaétyli, fifi, incarnati, fubnodofi; digitus pofticus reliquis craffior, bre-
wior, truncatufque, vol. Ixil, p. 2. tab. 1.
firft

279

ie
COMMON
P,

280

6.
COMMON
QUAIL.

PAR TORI DY GE.

firft year, fome marks of it begin to appear, gradually increafing,
till it is nearly as confpicuous as in the male; hence it is no un-
common thing to hear fportfmen affirm their having killed or taken
{everal male birds together, led no doubt to this fuppofition from ex-
ternal appearance only. I have been informed by Colonel Montagu,
that having killed nine old birds at the end of September, which ap-
peared all to be males, he had the curiofity to open them, when
four of them proved to be females: and this gentlernan farther ob-
ferved to me, that the fexes were without much difficulty diftin-
guifhed by their head, that of the Female being paler, particularly
about the bill and ears, and that the major part of fuch birds as have
the horfe-fhoe mark on the breaft lefs bright, are more likely to turn
out females.

Perdix coturnix, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 651. 28.—Gerin. Orn. iii. pl. 243. 244.
Common Quail, Gen. Syz. iv. p. 779.—Jd. Supp. p. 222.

E are told that no country has more quails than the Crimea* 5
thefe birds during the fine weather are difperfed, but affemble

at the approach of autumn, to crofs the Black Sea, over to the
fouthern coafts, whence they afterwards tranfport themfelves into a
hotter climate; the order of this emigration is invariable: towards the
end of Auguft, the quails in a body chufe one of thofe ferene days,
when the wind blowing from the north at fun-fet, promifes them a
fine night; they then repair to the ftrand, take their departure at fix
or feven in the evening, and have finifhed a journey of fifty leagues
by break -of day. Nets are fpread on the oppofite fhore, and the
bird-catchers waiting for their arrival, take tithe of the emigrants,

_ 2 Memoirs of the Baron ae Torte
being

\

BoA PR Ra, D wo eB:

being an efteemed food*. We are told by Sir William Hamiltox +,
that great quantities of thefe birds occafionally vifit the ifland of Sv.
Stefano, which has only Hawks and a kind of large Gull for its general
inhabitants; but that in the month of May, great flights of Quails
arrive there from rica, fpent with faticue, and many of them fall an
eafy prey to the Hawks and Gulls, Quails precifely the fame with
ours, are alfo faid to be met with both at Rodden Ile and the Cape of
Good Hope.

It is not uncommon to find twelve eggs or even more in one nett ;
but I have known two inftances, in both of which the number of eggs
was twenty. In another place, the bringing Quails to London from
France, for the ufe of the table, is mentioned; the time of their being
fent over is fometime in May; and a late friend of mine § had once
an intent of purchafing a quantity of them to turn out on his eftate,
in hopes of their breeding, till he was affured that the whole of thofe
exported from France were males, which are taken by imitating the
cry of the hen.

Californian Quail, Nat. Mf. 9. pl. 345.
Crefted Partridge of New California, La Perou/z, Voy. i. p. 201 ?

HIS is rather larger than our Common Quail: the bill is lead
coloured: the general colour of the plumage on the upper parts

of the body, wings, and tail, is pale cinereous brown; this colour ,

comes forward on the breaft on each fide in a broad band, where it
inclines to blueifh afh colour; the back part of the’ neck fpeckled

* Not fo in the time of Pliay, as they were then condemned as unwholefome. See
Pliny, Nat. Hift, lib. 18. cap. 23.

4+ Phil. Tranf. vol. 76. p. 372.

{ Levaill. Voy. (Fr. ed. 8vo.) i. p. 62.

§ Mr. Tunftal.

Supp. II. Oo with

a$r

7.
CALIFORNIAN
QUAIL.

Description.

PLACE.

8.
KAKERLIK
Te

Description,

PLAcr.

9.
CAMBAIAN
P

DeEscRIPTION.

Pace,

Pt Ae RT ROE yD ME:

with dull cream colour: from the crown {prings a tuft, compofed of
fix long dufky feathers, which are capable of being carried ereét :.-the
forehead is dull ferruginous ; behind this, about the eyes, the chin, and
throat, dufky black; behind the eye is a dirty cream coloured ftreak,
and a crefcent of the fame bounds the black of the throat all round
the lower part: the belly from the breaft is dirty ferruginous yellow,
marked with flender crefcents of black: over the thighs, beneath the
wings, fome long dufky feathers, marked with a yellow ftreak down.
the middle of each: the tail is rather long, and fomewhat cuneiform in
fhape: the legs fhort, and of a lead colour.

The female differs chiefly in wanting black on the head, and having
the colours in general lefs diftinct.

Inhabits California, whence it was brought by Mr. Menzies. The
fpecimen is in the Briti Mufeun. ,

Perdix Kakerlik, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 655. 42.— Falk. It. iii. p. 390.
SIZE of a Powter Pigeon: the bill, eyelids, and legs in this bird
are crimfon: the breaft cinereous, and the back undulated with
white and cinereous,
Inhabits Bucharia, Chiwa, and Songoria; and is a gregarious
fpecies.

Perdix cambaienfis, Ind. Orz. ii. p. 655. 44.

ENGTH fix inches: bill fhort, ftout, and pale: the body
wholly of a yellowith rufous colour above, but paler beneath; each
feather clouded with a deeper colour: the legs yellow; the hind toe
without a claw.
Inhabits Judia; found in the kingdom of Guzurat. A fpecimen of
this is in the Lriti/h Mufeuia.

P SAR 1 Rh DRG:

ENGTH feven inches and a half: bill blue black: general co-

lour of the plumage mottled chefnut, marked with zigzags of
black, and dots of the fame, with a line of white down each fhaft, as
in the Quai]: the under parts of the body buff, with black zigzags
as above: the chin pale and plain; down the middle of the crown a
ftreak : legs brown.

Inhabits New Holland.

Perdix Cafpia, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 655. 43.
Tetrao Cafpius, Gmel. Lin. p. 762.—Gmel. reife, iv. §.67.t. 10.
IZE of a Common Goofe: bill olive -brown :, noltrils, eyelids, and
orbits, bare and yellow; eyes black: legs yellow, not feathered,
nor furnifhed with fpurs: general colour, of; the plumage cinereous
grey, fpotted with brown: ends of the quills, and part of the tail
white. rt
{nhabits Ghilan, in Perfia.

* * WiTH THREE TOES ONLY.

TZE of our Qyuail, or at leaft between that and the Partridge:
the bill is horn colour: plumage on the upper parts of the body
fomewhat like our Partridge, marked with large triangular fpots of
black, which arifes from the middle of each feather being of that
colour: the forehead, and. round the eyes, {potted with fmall dots of
white: fore parts of the neck and breaft pale afh colour: on the ears
a blueifh fpot; from thence on each fide of the neck, pale dufky red
or ferruginous: belly, thighs, and vent, dull white: quills black: the
legs pale yellow, furnifhed with only three toes, all placed forwards:
Inhabits New South Wales; met with in Fuly: faid to have the
habits of our European Quail.

Oo 2

283
10.
NEW
HOLLAND
QUAIL,
Description.

PLAceE.

II.
CASPIAN
iE

DESCRIPTION.

Place.
12.
NEW
HOLLAND

P .

DEscRIpTion.

PLace.

284

i.
CHILI
B

DiscripTion.

Place.

2,
ARABIAN
B.

Dracrirrion.

BUS TFT AOR DD

Genus LIX. BUS TARD.

N° x. Chili B. N° 2. Arabian B.

Otis Chilenfis, Ind. Orz. ii. p. 658. 2.—Molin. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 241.

HIS fpecies is larger than the Great Buftard of Europe: the bilt

and lees fimilar to the fame parts in that bird: the colour of the
plumage is for the moft part white; but the crown of the head and
the forward part of the wings are grey ; and the quills black: the tail
confifts of eighteen white feathers, and is rather fhort: the legs are
farnifhed with three toes placed forwards, befides which is a fourth,
fituated a little way up behind.

It inhabits the plains of Chi, in South America, called there Piu-
quen; moftly met with in flocks, and feeds on herbage. It does noz
begin to pair before it is two years old: the female lays fix white
eggs, about as big as thofe of a Goofe: is found to be eafily made
tame, for many perfons of the country have domefticated it, in man-
ner of other poultry. As we have not feen this bird, nor even a figure
of it, we are conftrained to follow the name given by Molina, who
ranks it with the Buffard; but from the circumftance of the back
toe, we are not clear that hereafter, on our further inveftigation, it
may with more propriety occupy fome other fituation, )

Otis Arabs, Fad. Oru. it. p. 659. 4 —Gerin. Orn. iii. t. 266.
Wilde Pauw, Wild Peacock, Barrow. Trav: p. 139.
Arabian Buftard, Gen. Syz. iv..p. 801. 3.—Id. Sup. p. 226..
HIS bird is faid to meafure fometimes as far as three feet and a
half in Jength, and to expand from the tip of one wing to the
other as much as feven feet, and that it is nearly as large as the
Buftard':

Ba Des 4 T GARR D,

Buftard: the feathers of the neck are long, very thick, and loofe, like
thofe of a domeftic fowl, of a bright chefnut colour on the upper part,
and an afh coloured blue under the throat and on the breaft: the
feathers of the back undulated with black and brown lines: the
belly white: tail feathers from fixteen to twenty in number, marked
acrofs with alternate bars of black and white.

It is generally met with in the neighbourhood of farm houfes of the
internal parts of the Cape of Good Hope, and Mr. Barrow thinks might
be eafily domefticated ; the flefh exceeding good, with an high flavour
of game.

Pracg,

285

Dp Oey 03

OR DERIVE OS RoW Er ree Us:

GEnus) LX). SDs D: iO;

Didus ineptus, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 662. t.

Cygnus cucullatus, Dodo, Grew. Mu/. p. 60. Jaf? Paragr.—Nat. oe vol.
iv. pl. 143. the leg.—Id. vol. v. pl. 166. the head.

Dodar from the Ifland of Mauritius, Muf Tradc/. p. 4.

Hooded Dodo, Gen. Syz. v. p. 1. pl. 70.

O fewer than three fpecies of this genus have been enumerated

by authors, but all of them do not reft upon the fame authority

as the Hooded one, of which feveral have been formerly met with in
the ifland of Mauritius, from undoubted teftimony of authors*. Ed-
wards’s figure of it, which is confefledly the beft, was copied from a
picture drawn from the living bird brought from S¢. Maurice’s Iland.
Dr. Grew, who enumerates the leg of one of thefe among other trea-
fures of the Briti/b Mu/feum, fufficiently defcribes this part, but it is to
Dr. Shaw that we owe a figure of it, being the very one mentioned by
Grew; and befides, has alfo favoured the world with the head of the
bird in queftion, which, with a leg of the fame, now exifts in the
Afomolean Mufeum at Oxford; but if we miftake not, a fpecimen of
the whole bird muft have been in the mufeum of John Tradefcant, as
fuch an one is recorded under the name of Dodar, as compofing part
of that curious man’s collection at South Lambeth +. In a late hiftory
of

* Compare notes on thefe birds in Journ. de Phyfigue, t. xii. p. 154 & feq.
+ The Mifeum Tradejcantianum was publifhed in 1656. As to the ifland of Maz-
ritius, Where thefe birds are faid to be found, it went by the name of Cerne or Swan
9 ifland,

ae BO: “DEAe, 287
of the [and of Mauritius *, we are told that “ it is no longer found
“© in the De of France, Bourbon, Rodriguez, or Sechelles, and mutt
* now be placed among thofe {pecies which have exifted, but have
“ been deftroyed by the facility with which they were taken. No
*¢ hope can now be entertained of finding them, but on the fhores of
* uninhabited iflands.”

ifland, before the Dutch took poffeflion of it in 1598, as the failors found thereon a
great number of white fowls without tails, which on that account they took to be
Savans. Surely thefe birds could mean no other than our Dedo; and if they are
now extinct it is no wonder, fince their extreme difficulty of moving from place to
place muft have rendered them an eafy prey to any one who might chufe to knock
them at head.

« Heft. of Mauritivs, by Charles Grant, Pict. de Vaux, ato. 1801.

288

OSTRICH.

Ons) Ree)! Gaara

Genius! MEX Orsi a Talk C-H.

Struthio Camelus, Zxd. Orn. ii. p. 663. 1.
Black Oftrich, Gen. Syx. v..p, 6.

DE. Sparrman* is of opinion that the male and female Oftrich fit
upon and hatch the eggs by turns; for in one of his journies, he
frightened a male from a neft, which he fond made only onthe
bare fand, on which the eggs lay fcattered and loofe; thefe were
eleven in number, from another fourteen were brought to him, and
feveral left behind, from whence he concludes, that from fixteen to
twenty may be the ufual quantity. Thefe circumftances happened in
December.
Thunberg + affirms, that a male Offrich makes a neft with three or
four fernales, which together lay twenty or thirty eggs, on which they
fit by turns, in a hole made with their feet in the fand, and that if
any one take away the eggs, never lay again in the fame place; and
if the eggs are difturbed only, they break them to pieces with their
feet. Thefe birds are very deftructive to the farmers, doing much
damage to the carn, as they come in flocks to eat the ears of the
wheat, fo that nothing but the bare fkin itfelf is left behind. The
ficth is far from good, yet the Hotzentots eat it; but the eggs are re-
lifhed both by the colonifts and others, though not efteemed fo good
as hens eggs.
Dr. Sparrman obferves, that the fhell weighs eleven ounces, is fix
inches and a half deep, and holds five pints and a quarter, liquid
meafure; the weight of the frefh egg does not greatly exceed this.

* Vy, ii. p. 120, & feq. 4 Trav. Vo ii. pps 10. 53. 142.
Thefe

a ee ae

OST -Rod Cc; Hw:

Thefe eggs may be feen fufpended under the vaulted roofs not only of
the Mabometan mofques, but alfo of the Greek and Cophtic churches,
and could not fail of being efteemed a beautiful ornament every where,
if the difficulty of procuring them was greater.

Mr. Barrow thinks, that among the very few polygamous birds
that are found in a ftate of nature, the Ofrich is one: a male is ge-
nerally feen with two or three, and frequently as many as five of the
females, which lay their eggs in one neft, to the number of ten or
twelve each, which they hatch all together, the male taking his turn
of fitting on them; between fixty and feventy eggs having been found
in one neft; the time of incubation fix weeks: for want of knowing
the Offrich to be polygamous, an error refpecting this bird has flipt
into the Sy/tema Nature, where it is faid, that one female lays fifty
eges*. The circumftance alfo of fmall oval fubftances, the fize of
peas, of a pale yellow colour, and very hard, being found in thefe, is
mentioned by Mr. Barrow: in one egg he found nine, and in another

twelve of fuch ftones +.

® Barrows Trav. in South Africa, P. 94» $ Id. ib.

Surp, HH. Pp

289

290

NEW
HOLLAND
Cc.

DESscRIPTION:

CASS O OWARY Y.

Genus LAT © CAS "S2O WARS

Struthio Nove Hollandie, Jnd. Orn. ii. p. 665. 2.
Southern Caffowary, Nat, Mi/c. vol. iii, pl. 99.
New Holland Caffowary, Phill. Voy. pl. inp. 271.—White’s Fournal, pl.
Pp. 129.
HIS is a large bird, meafuring more than feven feet in length:
the bill is black: the plumage for the moft part brown and grey
mixed ; paler on the under parts: the head differs greatly from that
of the Common Caffowary, being covered with feathers; nor has it any
helmet or rifing protuberance whatever, as in that -f{pecies: the fea~
thers however about the head and neck are of a/hairy texture, and rhe
fore part of the chin and throat nearly deftitute of any, fo as the
purple colour of the fkin may be feen through them: the long {pines
obfervable in the wings of the common fort are here wanting, but in-
ftead of them are real wings, though of fo fmall a fize as to be ufelefs
for flight; they are covered with feathers like the reft of the body,
and when the bird is quite at reft, are fcarcely difcernible therefrom :
the legs are dufky and ftout, in colour not unlike thofe in the other
fpecies, but are greatly indented or ferrated at the back part; the
three toes placed in the fame manner, all forwards: fo far the ex-
ternal appearance of the bird; internally it is faid to differ from every
other fpecies, particularly in having no gizzard, and the liver fo {mall
as not to exceed that of a Blackbird, yet the gall-bladder was large
and diftended with bile: the crop contained at leaft fix or feven
6 pounds

CASSOWAR Y.

pounds of grafs, flowers, and a few berries and feeds: the inteftinal
canal fix yards long: the heart and lungs feparated by a diaphragm,
and bore a tolerable proportion to the fize of the bird.

Inhabits New Holland, where it is not uncommon, being fre-
quently feen by~our fettlers there; but is exceedingly thy, and
runs fo fwiftly, that a greyhound can fcarcely overtake it. The
flefh faid to be very good, tafting not unlike young tender beef. A
fine fpecimen of this bird is in the collection of the late Mr. Jobe
Hunter.

Pp»

291

Prace.

£92

AMERICAN
RHEA.

DescriPT10Ne

R HSE A.

Genus LXIll RHEA.

ILL itrait, deprefled, fomewhat rounded at the tip.
Wines ufelefs for flight.
Lower part of the THIGHs bare of feathers.
Lecs furnifhed with three toes forward, and a knob behind inftead
of a back toe.

Rhea Americana, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 665. 16

Le Chenque, Molin. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 2416

Nhanduguacu, Wil). Orn. 150. § II.

American Oftrich, Encycl. Brit. xvi. p. 205. pl. 437.-—-Nat. Mi/e. pl.
72.—=Gen, Syn. V. p. 23 *e

HIS bird, notwithftanding it is fufficiently common in the

fouthern parts of America, has fo far efcaped the refearches even
of later naturalifts, as to render it at beft but an obfcure fpecies. The
defcription in Willughby is not amifs, but although Faulkner, Wallis,
and other voyagers faw them in the greateft plenty in Patagonia, it
fo happened, that a full grown fpecimen has never to our knowledge
been brought to England. The author who has moft noticed it is
Molina, who, in his hiftory of Chili, defcribes it nearly thus: it is
rather lefs than the common Ofrich; when ftanding, the head is
elevated from the ground about the height of a man: the neck 1s two
feet eight inches long: the head fmall, rounded, and covered with
feathers: eyes black; eyelids fupplied with eye-lafhes: the bill fhore
and broad, not unlike that of a Duck: legs the length of the neck,
furnifhed

Ad.

P1.CXXXVII.

<< J

tnerwan Shea
Publishid as the Act directs May 30. 1801, by Leah. Sotheby & Son. Fork Street, Covent Carden «

56)

4

R H E A.

furnifhed with three toes placed forwards, and the rudiment of a
fourth behind: tail compofed of fhort feathers of equal lengths,
fpringing from the rump: the wings ftretch from tip to tip no lefs
than eight feet; but, on account of the want of unity of the webs of
the feathers, are ufelefs in flight, hanging over and hiding the tail: the
general colour of the plumage on the back and wings is dull grey,
otherwife white; but fome individuals are wholly white, and others
black, which may be efteemed as varieties.

This bird is found in various parts of South America, but no where
more plentifully than in the neighbourhood of lake Nabuelguapi, in
the valley of the “des. Itis faid to live on fruits; is a voracious
fpecies, and like the Ofrich, {wallows indifcriminately any thing of-
fered to it; but its chofen food appears to be flies, which it catches
with peculiar addrefs; it defends itfelf with the feet; whiftles like a
man, when it calls its young: lays from forty to fixty eges on the
bare fand, of fuch a fize as to contain about two pounds of liquid
each. The feathers are made much ufe of by the Indians for every
purpofe, where either ornament or fhade is required. We believe
that no other fpecimen has yet been in England, befides that in the
Leverian Mufeum, which appears to be about an half-grown bird, and
from which the figure we give of it has been taken.

Pracs,

293

Yo
AMERICAN

2.
NEW
HIOLLAND

DEscRIPTION,

£ 294 }

Div. I. WATER BIRDS.

Orper VII. WITH CLOVEN FEET.

Genus LXVI. JABIRU.

N°. American J. N° 3.. Senegal J.
2. New Holland J..

Myé€teria Americana, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 670. 1-

American Jabiru, Gew. Syz. v. p. 22. pl. Ixxv.
E beg leave here to expunge the Fabiru-guacu and Nbandbu-
apoa of Ray and Willughby, as well as the Touyouyou of M. Bajon®.
We have before had our doubts in refpeé to this matter, and further
obfervations oblige us to reftore them to their place in a diftinét cenus,
noticed above under the name of Rhea. The reft of the fynonyms
quoted on this occafion may ftand, as alfo the figure given of it in the

Gen, Synopfis, pl. 75.

New Holland Jabiru, Linn. Tran/. v. p. 34. 2.

HiIS fpecies meafures, from the tip of the bil! to the end of the
claws, full fix feet: the bill is a foot long; neck fifteen inches ;
thighs ten inches: legs almoft the length of the bill: the upper man-
dible of which is nearly ftrait, or but juft fenfibly curved upwards;

* Mem. fur Cayenne.
the

= Ss

VS
SS

Lublishd as teeAet directs, May 30,1801, by Leish, Sotheby, & Son, York Street Covent Garden.

JABT RU.

the under rather more fo; the colour of both black: the chin is for
a little way bare of feathers, and of a reddifh colour: irides yellow:
the head is pretty full of feathers, and with about half the neck is
black, with a tinge of green in fome lights, in others of purplifh: the
middle of the wing coverts, and fecondary quills, as well as the middle
of the back, are eat black ; and the tail alfo is of the fame coe
Jour: the reft. of the plumage white: the whole of the leg and bare
parts above the knee are of a fine red; the toes furnifhed at the end
with pale coloured claws, fhaped not unlike thofe of the human
{pecies.

Inhabits New Holland. The defcription and figure which we have
given of the bird, is taken from a fpecimen in the Leverian Mu/feum,
drawn for me by my friend and relation, Mr. Shaw, of Great Fames
Street.. Among the drawings of Mr. Lambert, is a reprefentation of
one apparently ‘the fame, in which the fkin beneath the lower man-
dible and threat is of a fine crimfon, and faid to be capable of great

diftention: head and half the neck brownifh black, with a variable.

green and copper glofs; between the bill and eye, grey: the general
colour of the plumage of the lower part of the neck, the body, and
wings, is white, except on the fhoulders, which appear blackifh, with
the fame bronzed hue as the head and half the neck : the tail is black.

l apprehend, that from the difference between the two birds, they
are of oppofite fexes. Mr. Lambert informs me, that only two have
yet been met with, but are now and then feen on the muddy banks of
the harbour of Port Fack/on, fearching for fith, when the tide is out,
on which, no doubt, they principally live.

PLace.

\

295

296

3.
SENEGAL

DsscrirTion,

Flacs.

JABIR U.

Senegal Jabiru, Lin. Tranf. v. p. 32. pl. 3. the bead.

HE length of this bird, from the bill to the end of the claws, is

fix feet two inches: bill itfelf thirteen inches; neck fifteen inches;
body twelve inches; the naked part of the thighs eleven inches, the
feathered part four inches; knee joint one inch; leg thirteen inches
and a half; the middle toe is five inches and a half, the two outer
ones four inches and a half, all flichtly conneéted at the bottom: the
upper mandible is very pale for three inches from the gape; the under
the fame, for about one inch and a half, then begins a bar of black
for about three inches ; from thence to the tip the colour is reddifh,
yncreafing in depth to the end, where it is of a deep vermilion: on
each fide of the bafe of the upper mandible, is a large femioval and
femitranfparent fpace, which, at its back part, is continued upwards in
a curved direction acrofs the fore part of the eye: over the noftrils,
a bare flattened part, fomewhat in the manner of the Coot, and other
birds of that tribe: beneath the bafe of the bill, juft at the beginning
of the feathery part, are two very {mall pear-fhaped pendant wattles,
adhering by very fmall necks: the head and neck are black; fca-
pulars black, with pale bottom, and fifteen inches in length; the
remainder of the bird white: the wings and tail both wanting: the
legs are very long, and the thighs, to a diftance nearly equal to that
of the leg itfelf, quite bare: the whole leg and thigh black, excepe
that round the knee, as well as round each joint of the toes, is a pale
band or zone. The whole length of the leg and thigh is coated with
hexagonal longitudinal {cales.

This appears to be quite a new fpecies, approaching fomewhat to
the New Holland Fabiru, yet differing from it in feveral particulars.
We are indebted for the defcription of it to the Linnean Tranfattions,
in which it is fully defcribed by Dr. Shaw, from a fkin of one lent to
him by the Rev. Mr. Rackert. Said to inhabit Senegal.

fe BE TROON:

Genus LXIX,. HERON.

N° 1. Demoifelle H. N° rr. Red-crefted H.
2. Crane. 12. Thula H.
g- Indian Cr. 13- Blue-headed H.
4, Brown Cr. 14, Common H.
5. Caledonian H. 15. Variegated H.
6. Obfcure H. 16. Lacteous H.
7. Bittern. 17. Brown H.
8. Little B. 18. White-fronted H.
g. Sguacco H. 19. Spottéd B.
io. Black-breafted H. 20. Pacific H.

Ardea Virgo, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 673. 2.
Ciconia Numidica, Geriz. Orn. iv. tab. 435? 436.
Demoifelle Heron, Gen, Syz. v. p. 35.—Linn. Tranf. iv. p. 105. pl. x. f. 4.
the wind pipe.
HIS elegant fpecies has been fufficiently defcribed before, as
far as relates to external appearance; but the fingularity of the
windpipe is, we believe, not fo generally known; it does not, as in
the generality of birds, go ftrait forwards into the lungs, but firft
enters a cavity inthe keel of the breaft-bone, for about three inches,
when it returns, after making a bend forwards, and then paffes into
the cheft *.

© Sce Pitfel?s Mem. pl. p. 204.—-Phil. Tranf. vi. p. 210. pl. xt. f. 5 —Lis.
Tranf. iv. p. 105. pl. x. f. 4.

Super. JI. Qg

297

i.
DEMOISELLE
H.

298

2.
CRANE.

INDI AN

vie ‘B.
DrscriPTION.

HOE RY ON:

Ardea Grus, Ind. Orm ii. p. 674. §.—Gerin. Orn, iv. t. 416.

The Crane, Gen, Syn. ve p. 40. 5:— Archaeol ii, p. 172.—Linn. Tranf. iv.
p. 107, pl. xii. fi. 4.

HE {carcity of this bird’as a Briti/h {pecies, has been before no-
ticed, for it is only now and then, at long intervals, in the prefent
times, that it is at all met with in thefe realms. Hiftory however
informs us, that they were formerly in great numbers, and ferved up
by dozens at feafts. As far as relates to my/elf, have only been able
to afcertain three which have been met with in this ifland; viz. one
fhot near Cambridge; a fecond met with on the Kenti/b coaft, commu-

nicated by Mr. Boys; and a third, on the fhores of the Medway, men-

tioned to me by Sir William Bifbop, in January 1794. The ftructure
of the windpipe in this bird is fingularly curious, fomewhat in the
manner of the (Wild Swan, but is doubly reflected, as may be feen in
the figure. above referred to in the Philo ofopbical Tranfattions, as alfo
in thofe of the Linnean Society.

I am informed that the Grue du ‘fapon, which is efteemed as a va-
riety, has fomewhat fingular in the ftructure of the trachea; which
fome future obfervations may probably confirm. The crown of this
bird feems to vary, for in the fine drawings of Lady Jmpey, both the
crown and fore part of the neck are black, body and wings white;
the incurvated feathers on the rump afh coloured, tipped with black.

In fome drawings in poffeffion of the late Mr. Pigow, the crown is
red; and from thence called Chu-ting-nock, Chu-ting fignifying a red
crown, and Nock, the name of the bird.

Ardea Antigone, Jud. Ora. ii. p.674. 4. Vare

Indian Crane, Gen. Syn. v. p. 38. 4.—39. 4. A-
"THIS differs from the others, in having the bill and fore part of
the crown yellowifh: lore, and fpace round the top of the neck,

bare, and crimfon: irides pale orange: chin and throat befer with

9 black

re: SRO aN:

black briftles: general colour of the plumage dull pale blue: quills
and tail black: legs and bare part of the thighs black, dotted with
white.

Inhabits New South Wales.

Ardea canadenfis, Ind. Orn. il. p. 675. 7-

Grus Freti Hudfonis, Ger. Orn. iv. t. 416.

Great Savannah Crane, Bart. Trav. p. 199. 218. 291.
Brown Crane, Ger. Syn. Ve Pp. 43. 7+

"T HIS isa thy fpecies. Mr. Bartram relates the mode of hatch-

ing their eggs, of which the female lays only two at a time, which
are very large, long, and pointed at one end, of a pale afh colour,
powdered or fpeckled with brown: they form their nefts by choofing
a tuffock, and there collect together a rude heap of dry grafs, or fuch
like materials, nearly as high as their belly is from the ground, when
ftanding upon their feet: on the top of this they form the neft, of
fine foft dry grafs. When they cover their eggs to hatch them, they
ftand over them, bearing their bodies and wings upon the eg@s; in
this imitating the Flamingo, and perhaps many other long-leeged
water birds. The male is frequently feen to traverfe backwards and
forwards, as if upon the watch; but we are not informed whether he
fits on the neft in turn or not; fome perfons will eat the flefh, but it
is more efteemed when made into foup, and is then thought to be ex-
cellent.

‘Ardea caledonica, Izd, Orn. ii. $79. 15.
Caledonian Night Heron, Gez. Syx. v. p. 55.

HIS bird, with very little variation, is found in New Holland: the
bill and legs are brown: general colour of the plumage a chef-
nut brown, paler on the fore part of the neck: belly white: on the

@ig: 2) breaft,

299

Pr ACE.

4e
BROWN
CR.

5.
CALEDONIAN
N.H :

DEscRIPTION,

joo

6.
OBSCURE
H.

DescripTion.

Peace. ,

7.
BITTERN,.

HE RAO Ne

breaft, and each fide the back, towards the tail, below, the plumage
is very downy, appearing of a filky texture.

This is ciearly very litle different from the Caledonian fpecies ;. and
we have even doubts, whether this laft is net a mere variety of the
common IVight Heron, which has been met with in almoft every part
of the globe yet known, not excepting our own kingdom, as we have
known the circumitance. to have happened three times at leafl in our
rnemory.

Ardea obfcura, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 679. 16.—It. Pofeg. p. 24; t. il.

IZE and habit of the Bittern: the bill rather bent, and‘ of a

blackifh green: on the hind head a dependent creft of one feather:
forehead, crown, and nape, dull chefnut: back and wing coverts the
fame, with a gold green glofs: neck behind ferruginous chefnut;
before, with the breait and belly, chefnut, fpotted longitudinally with
white and ferruginous: quills duli chefnut, tipped with white: tail.
chefnut: legs fhort, greenifh.

Inhabits Sc/avonia. In compliance with our wifh of defcribing
every thing poffible, we have retained the above as a diftinét fpecies;
yet'we will not be pofitive that it is really fo, efpecially as the Night
Heron is fo fubject to vary in the different {tages of life; hence on fu-
ture inveftigation, perhaps, the Common, Jamaica, Caledonian, with
the laft defcribed, will be found to conftitute only one fpecies..

Ardea Stellaris, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 680. 18.—Ger. Ora, iv. t. 432:
Bittern, Gen Syn. ve p. 56. 17-—A1d. Sup. p. 234.
UCH has been faid concerning the fingular kind of noife this
bird makes at certain times: which we believe to arife from a.
loofe: membrane, which can be filled with air, and exploded at plea-
fure.

He YE Ro“GtN.

fure. Iam informed by a friend, that he has diffeéted feveral, and
clearly obferved a loofe membrane at the divarication of the trachea,
capable of great diftention, and it ts no doubt by this Singular con-
ftruétien, that the bellowing kind of noife is made *; another of our
correfpondents + mentions his having found, during the froft in winter,
a female Bittern, which had in its ftomach feveral warty Lizards per-
feét, and the rudiments of feveral Toads.or Frogs, which were pro-
bably taken out of the mud,.under fhallow water, in the {wamp where
it was fhot. The Lizards were not differing from thofe in our
waters in fummer, having the fin on the tail,

Ardea minuta, 7nd. Ora. ii. p. 683.27.
Little Bittern, Gen, Syx. v. p. 65.66.—Id. Sup. p. 235.

NE of thefe was fhot on the river Avon, near Bath, in the
winter of 1789. ;

We already have recognized it asa fpecies belonging to many
parts of Europe, though very rarely coming into England; and that
it is found in Af, more particularly in Arabia. We likewife find it
to be an inhabitant of New Holland, at leaft a trifling variety of it,
differing merely in having five or fix longifh black fpots down the
fore part of the neck. This is found in the marfhes and other moift

ground about Port Fack/on, in December. Its native name is Da-
ralia. :

© Mr. Lamb.—Wiéillughby mentions the circumftance of the loofe membrane,

but feems not fufficiently aware of its being the caufe of the noife which this bird:
makes.

+ Colonel Montagu.

30%

8.
LITTLE

&s
(e}
(2

Qe
SGUACCO
A.
Var.
DascriPTioNn.s

10.
BLACK-
BREASTED

H

DEsCRIPTION.

PLack.
Il.
RED-CRESTED
H.

DeEscRIPTION.

“Place.

72.
THULA
lals
DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

EF) E oR O72 Ne

Ardea comata, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 687. 39. ¥-
Ardea comatz fimillima, Js, Pofeg. p. 24.
Sguacco Heron, Gen. Syx. v. p. 74. 39. Var. B.

HIS has a white bill tipped with black: the head not crefted:
forehead and hind part of the neck dufky teftaceous-white; the
feathers margined with black: tail feathers white, the two middle
ones pale teftaceous at the tips: the rump, belly, and thighs white.
We fufpeét this to be a variety or fexual difference from the Sguacco
Heron.
One of the common fort was fhot at Boyton, in Wiltfbire, by Mr.
Lambert, in 1775.

Ardea torquata, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 688. 42:——Miller Illuftr, t. 36.

‘T HE colour of the plumage in this bird is brown on the back and
upper parts: the hind head crefted, and black: neck and belly
dirty white: breaft black, marked with yellowifh crefcents.
Inhabits South America.

Ardea erythrocephala, Ind. Orn. il. p. 688. 43.—Molin. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 214.

HIS is about the fize of the Common Heron: the general colour
of the plumage white: from the head {prings a long crelt ofa red
colour, which reaches quite to the back.
Inhabits Chia.

Ardea Thula, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 688. 44.—Molin. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. aie

7“ FIIS is wholly white, with a large creft of the fame colour.
This inhabits Cbi/z, where it is known by the name of Tdu/a.

ane): Ra) IN.

Ardea cyanocephala, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 688. 45.—-Molin, Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 214,

HE bill in this bird is black: the head and back blue: wings
black, edged with white: belly yellowifh green: tail green:
legs yellow.
This fpecies is found in Chi, with the three former ones.

Ardea cinerea, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 691. §4.—Ger. Orn. iv. t. 421? 427.428.
Common Heron, Gen. Sym. v. p. 83.

HE circumftance of this fpecies building in focieties has been be-

fore noticed: thefe are for the moft part in tall trees, but like-
wife in high cliffs over the fea. In this kingdom, we may mention a
few of thefe Heronries, as they are called; viz. a confiderable one at
Penfhurft Place, in Kent; at Hutton, the feat of Mr. Bethel, near Be-
verley, Yorkfbire; in Gobay Park, on the road to Penrith, near a rocky
pafs, called Yew-cragg, on the north fide of Ulle/water ; but we believe
none more confiderable than that at Crefi Hall, fix miles from Spaldizg,
in Lincolufbire. Inthe northern parts, where Eagles frequent, they
are often frightened from their nefts, and ‘the Crows not unfrequently
watch opportunities of ftealing the eggs. It is not only in England
that the two long feathers of the creft of the male of this bird are va-
lued, but every where throughout the Haff. Chardin mentions that
the Perfians catch the Hero, and after depriving the bird of the long
feathers, fuffer it to depart*; in another place + we are alfo told,
that thefe feathers form a part of the Perfian crown or bonnet. It is
mentioned by Thunberg tf, that this fpecies and the Blue Heron are both
found in the Velooren Valley, inward from the Cape of Good Hope.

* Trav. p. 82.! + Coronat. of Solyman the Third, p. 49.
~ + Trav. 2. p. 143. '

393

BLUE-HLADED
H

DeEscRIPTION.

PLacs.

304

15.
VARIEGATED
H

DiscRiPTION.

16.
LACTEOUS
H

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

17.
BROWN
H.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

18.
WHITE-
FRONTED
H.
DEscRIPTION.

EE: WW ©), NE

Ardea variegata, Ind. Ora. ii. p. 692. 56.—Scop. dan. Hif, Nat. i. p. 88. 120.

HIS is of a ferruginous colour, {potted with brown; beneath
paler: throat white: forehead black: thighs rufous; legs
brown.
This was in the collection of Count Zurrian, and probably is a mere
variety of the Great Heren.

Ardea Galatea, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 696. 68.—Molin. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 214.

HE bill in this fpecies is four inches long, and yellow: the head
is fomewhat crefted: the plumage in general as white as milk;
the neck is two feet and a half in length: the legs fully as long, and
of a beautiful crimfon colour.
Inhabits Chil.

Ardea fufea, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 700. 83.
Le Heron brun, Buf. Oz. 5. p. 381. Pl. Exl. 858.

"HIS is two feet anda half long: the bill brown: legs yellow:

the head furnifhed with a moderate creft hanging down behind,
and of a dufky colour: the upper part of the neck, body, and wings,
are dufky brown; beneath white, {potted on the breaft with longifh

~ ftreaks of brown.

Inhabits Cayenne.

Ardea Nove Hollandiz, Ind. Orz, ii. p. 701. 88.
White-fronted Heron, PAz/]. Voy. pl. p. 163.
HIS is about half the fize of the Common Heron, being twenty-
eight inches in length: the bill is four inches long, and black ;

bafe of the under mandible yeowifh: lore and orbits naked, and of
a greenifh

HOE Re @ O(N.

a greenifh colour: the body on the upper parts is blueith afh colour:
crown of the head black, and the feathers elongated: the forehead,
cheeks, chin, fore part of the neck, as far as the middle, white : quills
and tail blueifh black: the feathers of the breaft are elongated, and
hang down in a graceful manner ; thefe, with the belly and thighs, are
of a rufous cinnamon colour: back covered with long flender feathers,
which fall over the tail, and conceal about half its length: lees yellow
brown.

Inhabits New Holland: the fpecimen above defcribed met with at
Port Fack/fon.

"THIS me firft Geht appears not unlike the Little Bitteru: the bill

is dufky green; the under mandible yellow at the bafe: round.
the eye bare, and of a greenifh afh colour; irides yellow: the general.

colour of the plumage is pale brown above, {potted on the back and
wings with white: quills pale ferruginous, with paler ends:. under
parts of the body dufky white: legs dufky green.

Inhabits New South Wales. Manners unknown..

THE fize of this fpecies is uncertain, though we believe it not to.

be a fmall one: the bill is of a moderate fize, and horn coloured ;
the upper mandible fomewhat curved, the lower ftraight ; tongue the
length of the bilt:~1rides pale red: the head and neck dull white,
marked on the fore part of the latter with dufky fpots; behind the
eye a dufky mark: back and wings dufky, with a green and copper
elofs: breaft, belly, thighs, and vent, dufky white; the feathers mar-
gined- with dufky, giving a leafy appearance.
This inhabits the fea-fhores in various parts of New Holland, where
it goes by the name of Bulla-ra-gang ; but is not a common fpecies.

Supp. IL, Rr

3°5

Prace.

19.
SPOTTED
H.
DEscRIPTION,

PLACE:
20.
PACIFIC
H

DEscrIPTION.

PLacg.

2
2
a

Y.
COMMON
Cc.
VaR.
DeEscrIprioNe

Zeunt
CRYING
Cc

DeEscrRIPTION.

Cin OR, SEE AW.

Genus LXXI. CURLE W.

N° 1. Common C. N° 2. Crying C.
- Numenius arquata, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 710.1. Var. es
Common Curlew, Gen. Syn. vy. p. 119. 1.—Jd. Sup. p. 243. Var.

Bird of this kind has been brought from New Hollend; it feerns.

to differ chiefly in having the bill confiderably larger in propor-
tion, and the ground colour of the plumage dull ferruginous, inftead
of brown: bill black: irides yellow: legs dull blue.

Ephoufkyca, Crying Bird, Bartr. Trav. p. 145. 291.

SIZE of a large domettic Hen: bill five or fix inches long, and

arched downwards; fquare at the bottom; colour dufky green:
the eye large, placed high in the head, and very prominent: the neck
is long and flender: all the body above and beneath of a dark lead
colour, every feather edged or tipped with white, which makes the
bird appear fpeckled: tail very fhort, the middle feather the longeft,
the others on each fide fhorten gradually, of the colour of the reft
of the bird, only fomewhat darker; the two outermoft perfectly
white, which the bird has a faculty of flirting out on either fide, as
quick as a flafh of lightning, on being difturbed: the legs are long,
and bare of feathers above the knee, and of a black or dark lead
colour.

This

GMMR Wise | we

This fpecies, if it be really diftinét, inhabits the fwamps of the
Maufguito River, and the lakes of Florida, as well as Georgia, and
called by the Indians, Epboufkyca, which fignifies Crying Bird. Mr.
Bartram calls this an Jbis*; but as he does not mention its being bare

on any part of the kead or throat, we may fafely rank it with the Cur- _
lew genus, for he feems himfelf undetermined where to place it im

the fyftem. .

= Fantalus Pi@us.-

3°07

PLACE:

1.
GREAT
SN.

Description.

ShOUN as GPa eR

Genus LXXIL S NiI P<E.

Ne Great Sn yas N° 3. Courland Sn.
2. Godwit. Var. 4. New Holland Sn.

Scolopax paludofa, Ind. Ora. ti. p. 714. 3.
— major, bid. 4.

— Gallina, Sepp. Vog. 3. t. 127-

— media, Ger. Orn. iv. p. 446.

— atra, zbid. 450?

Savanna Woodcock, Gez. Sym. v. p. 133. 3-
Great Snipe, ibid. 4.

EIGHT eight ounces and a quarter: length from the bill to

the end of the tail twelve inches; to the end of the toes fixteen
inches: bill two inches and three quarters *, black ; the under man-
dible pale half way from the bafe: the top of the head brown, mottled
with rufous; down the middle a clay coloured line; fides of the head
pale clay colour, fpeckled with brown: through the eye, from the
bill, a dark brown ftreak, and a paler one curving round the under
mandible: hind part of the neck, half the back, and feapulars, cho-
colate brown, the feathers ftreaked on the fides with clay colour, and
barred with ferruginous; the lower part of the back brown, crofied
with numerous greyifh white lines: tail coverts pale rufous clay co-
lour, barred with black brown, and fo long as to cover the tail for
two thirds of its length: the tail when fpread out is rounded at the
end; the eight middle feathers are dufky for three fourths of the

¥ J have feen one in which the bill was fonr inches long, and another in which it
was more than three inches,

_ Jength

SpoN.- TR Bee,

lensth from the bafe, the reft of the length rufous, croffed with two
or three bars-of black ; but the four middle feathers are deep rufous,
andthe two on each fide very pale; the two outermott feathers on
each fide wholly white and black in alternate bars: the wing coverts
black brown, {potted with rufous white; reft of the wing dufky black;

every feather but the greater quills tipped with white: beneath the -

wings beautifully croffed with white and dufky bars: the fore part of
the neck is the fame as behind: the breaft, belly, and vent, croffed
with numerous dufky bars, inclined to a zigzag fhape on the fides:
legs pale blueifh brown, and bare above the knee for half an inch.

This is a rare fpecies, and has not been met with more than three
times to my. knowledge, nor does it appear to be at all plentiful in
this kingdom, a circumftance which will apologize for defcribing it
fo fully, from a recent one now in my collection, fhot in Suffolk, Sep-
tember 1792. I have feen this very fpecies more than once brought
from South America, and have every reafon to fuppofe that the Savanna
Woodcock and this bird form together but one fpecies.

Scolopax /Egocephala, Ind. Orn. ii. p, 719. 16. —

— Belgica, Gmel. Sin. p. 663. 39.

Rufticola, of Grutto, Sepp. og. pl. 28. ps 53.

La grande Barge rouffe, P/. Enl. 916.

Barbary Godwit, Shaw’s Trav. p. 255.—-Gen. Syz. v. p. 145-14. A.

pH! S bird is about fixteen inches in length: bill nearly four inches

long; dufky orange, with a black tip: head and neck as far as
the breaft ferruginous: crown fpotted with dufky; from the noftrils
through the eye, dufky white: belly, thighs, and vent, white; the
breaft mottled with a few dufky fpots: back dufky brown, the mar-
gins of the feathers ferruginous: the tail is even at the end, and the
bafe of all but the two middle feathers are white, as are alfo the rail

coverts: legs long and black.
The

by

3°09

Puacee

Description.

ac
COURLAND
SN.

DESCRIPTION.

Prace.

NE AW
HOLLAND
SN.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

Sign? perk.

The Godwit feems to vary much; in fome, the under coverts and
fides have black markings, in others plain: the rump alfo is more or
Jefs white, as alfo the bafe of the outer tail feathers, otherwife black :

great fimilarity appears to be between this and the Red Godwit; but

from the rarity of both in this kinedom, it is to be feared a clear dif-
crimination between thefe will not foon be effected.

Scolopax curonica, Ind. Ora. ii. p. 724. 37.—Naturf. Geych. vil. p. 462.

HE very fhort defcription we are able to obtain of this fpecies,
fays, that it is {potted with grey, with dufky wings and bill; the
lower part of the under mandible crimfon from the bafe to the mid-

~ dle; and the legs brick coloured.

Inhabits Courland.

ILL ftrait, large at the bafe, the upper mandible dilating a little
at the point, and twice the length of the head: colour of the
plumage above brown, mottled Ge manee in the manner of a Wood-
cock: fides of the head and the neck dufky white: back of the neck
marked with brown ftreaks, and clouds of the fame: onthe fides next
the wings, a few clouded crefcents: bill and legs pale yellow: irides
blue.
Inhabits New South Wales.

SAN D PPP ER

Genus LKXXIII. SANDPIPER.

N° 1. Green S. N° 6. Black-headed S.
- 9. Equeftrian S. 7- Quebec S.
3. Selninger S. 8. Wattled S.

4. Fafciated S. 9. Browneeared S.

5. Sibirian S.

Tringa ochropus, Jnd, Orz. il. p. 729. 826

glareola, Ind. Orn. 730. 13.—Lin, Tranf. i. pr 128. pl, Xiwld, ii.
BE SIE :

Green Sandpiper, Gen. Syn. v. p. 170. 12.<812. 8.

Wood Sandpiper, Gen. Syz. v. p. 172. 13.

HIS fpecies varies greatly at different periods of life; but from
late obfervations, we are inclined to belive that the above-men-
‘tioned, with the feveral fynonyms referred to under their refpective
heads, unite in forming only one fpecies.
This fpecies inhabits America as well as Exrope, but is {maller,
and meafures one inch and a half lefs in length; it differs fomewhat

in markings, but {carcely fufficient to make mention of. -One of thefe

was brought from Quebec by General Davies.

Tringa equeftris, Ind. Orz. ii. p. 730. 14.
Calidris viperino coloris, Ger. Orz. iv. t. 468.
Le Chevalier commun, Buf. Oi. vii. p. 511.—Pl. Enl. 844,

FiIS is twelve inches long: bill dufky: legs pale grey: the body
above rufous grey, clouded with brown: fides of the head, fore
part of the neck and breaft white, clcuded with paler brown; on the
fides

git

1.
GREEN

PLACE,

2.
EQUESTRIAN

DescriPTion.

312

PLAce.

ae
SELNINGER
S.

FASCIATED

Die

PLaceE..

SIBIRIAN

Te eee

Puage.

SrAqNi D PU, PEER.

fides of the head are minute fpecks of the fame: chin, belly, thighs,
vert, and rump, white: the two middle tail feathers rufous brown,
with black bands; the others plain pale rufous brown.

Inhabits Evrope; fometimes on the fhores of England, but rarely *.

Tringa maritima, Ind. Ora. ii. p. 731. 18.—Brux. Orn. p. 54. 182.

Sea Sandpiper, Linn. Tranf. iv. p. 22. pl. 4.

Selninger Sandpiper, 4rd. Zool, ii. p. 481. E.—Gen. Syn. Ve Pp. 173+ 15

E have the authority of Mr. Markwick to rank this among the

Britifb fpecies. A flock of about ten or twelve being met
with on the fea coaft near Bexbill, the 8th of December 17.96, of which
two were fhot. I have likewife been informed, that feveral fpecimens
have at times been killed on other coafts, in hard winters; and that
they vary much at different periods of life; as the Stint, Dunlin, and
others of this genus, which circumftance has we fear been the occafion
of multiplying the number of fpecies unneceffarily : poflibly this and.
the ftriated Sandpiper are one and the fame bird.

Tringa fafciata, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 738.—F. G. Gmel.—It. ii. p. 194. t. 26.

Tn this bird, the bill, crown, hind head, a ftreak through the eyes,
and the belly, are black: the forehead and the tail, which is

rounded in fhape, aré white.

Inhabits Affrachan.

Tringa Keptufchca, Jud. Ora. ii. p. 738.—Lepech. It. ii. p. 229.

AL HIS has an afh coloured body, a black crown, a dufky belly,
growing rufous towards the bottom.
Found in the marfhes of Sibiria.

* Five shot at Sawdwich this fpring, with pale orange legs. Mr. Bays.

S AGN D. Pi iP BUR:

Tringa atra, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 738,—Naturf. xiii. p. 193.

8 head and neck in this are black: back and wings pale brown,
- mixed with black: breaft and belly cinereous: rump cinereous,
undulated with white and black.
Inhabits the banks. of the RAze.

IZE of the Song Thrufh ; length nine inches: bill nearly one inch
and a half lone, and flender; the bafe reddifh, the reft of its
lenoth black: general colour of the plumage dufky plumbeous afh
colour: the feathers on the back margined with afh colour; of the
wing coverts and breaft, with greyifh white: the three firft quills
dufky, with white fhafts; three of the inner ones juft fringed with
white at the tips; the two or three next white, marked with ath co-

lour on the outer web; then follow two or three almoft wholly whites.

the reft plain dufky: the four middle tail feathers dufky, the others
pale afh, fringed at the edges and tips with white: between the bill
and eye, and the chin, dufky white, mottled: fore part of the neck
plain afh colour: belly white ; fides of it, clofe to the wings, marked
with a few dufky fpots: the thighs are (contrary to the ufual nature
of the genus) covered with feathers quite to the knees, and even be-
low the joint: legs fhort, and of a pale yellow colour,

This was brought from Quebec, by General Davies.

HIS is at leaft nineteen inches in leneth: the bill pale: irides
yellow: the crown and nape are black: fides of the head, and
round the eye, furnifhed with a carunculated yellow membrane, hang-
ine down on each fide, in a pointed wattle: the neck and all beneath
Supp. II, Sf is

313
6.
BLACK-
HEADED
Ss.
Drscri?rion,

PLACE,
7.
QUEBEC
Se

DeEscRiPTIONs

Place,
8.
WATTLED
S

DzescripTion..

ot

PLACE>

Q-
BROWN-
EARED
S.
DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

S (AUN) D sPylePe BR

is white; but the. fides of the breaft next the wings are black: back
and wings olive brown, with a tinge of ruft colour: the quills and
end of the tail black ; but the very tip of the laft is fringed with white:
the bare part of the legs above the knee, and a {mall fpace below it,
is of a rofe colour ; the reft black, with rofe coloured fegments: at the
bend of each wing a ftout yellow fpur, fomewhat bent.

Inhabits New South Wales; is fometimes met with in the flats going
to Parramatta, but is not a common bird. It feems to be a {pecies-
between the Louifiana and Senegal ere but -is clearly diftinét
from either.

HE bill in this is as long as the head, and dufky: plumage above
rufty afh colour, crofled with numerous whitifh lines on the back
and wings: the feathers on the outer ridge of the wing all edged with
white: over the eye a white ftreak ; all the under parts pale, a little
mottled or ftreaked: on the ears a brown patch, which paffes
through the eye, but lefs diftinét: quills and tail dufky: legs dufky
white.
_Inhabits New South Wales.

It may not be amifs again to remark the ereat uncertainty in re-
fpeét to fome of the fpecies of Sandpiper, and in none more than the
Ruff, of which we fufpect many fpecies to have been made during its
advances to the adult, for the ma/e does not gain the Jone neck fea-
thers the firft feafon, and afterwards only during breeding time: we
have alfo had doubts whether our Egueftrian Sandpiper may not be a
young bird of this fpecies: the fame alfo of the Selwinger and /triated
fpecies ; and in refpect to the a/b-coloured Sandpiper, it is probable that
on a longer acquaintance, it may prove merely the young of the Knot.
Thefe are however hints only, thrown out for the fake of inciting
others to a more ftriét inveftigation of the fubject.

PLOVER. sets 315

Genus LXXIV. PLOVER.

N° 1. Sanderling. N° 8. Great-billed Pl.
2. Alexandrine Pl. g- High-legged Pl,
3. Kentifh Pl. 10. Brown Pl.
4. Rufty-crowned Pl, 11. Grifled Pl.
5. Sibirian Pl. 12. Bridled Pl.
6. Curonian Pl. 13. Green-headed PI:
7. Courland PI.

Charadrius calidris, Znd. Orn. ii. p. 741. 4e
Sanderling, Gen. Syz. v. p. 197. 4.——1d. Sup. p. 253.
HIS fpecies is found in New South Wales, but not plentifully >
the bill is rather fhorter than in the European fpeciess I have as
yet only feen it in the adult drefs, but no doubt it is fubjeét to the
fame variety in its progrefs to that ftate as ours is known to be. The
Englifh call it at Port FJack/on, Sea or Shore Lark, from its being met
with in that fituation; but it is known to the natives by the name of
W adder gal.
It is certain, however, that the Rimged Plover is found there likewile;.
hence it is probable, that both thefe birds are known indifcriminately
by the name of Sea Larks.

re
SANDERLING..

Charadrius Alexandrinus, Znd. Orn. ii. p. 744. 9.—Ha/elg. Voy. (Engl. ed.) p. 190-. 2
—Brun. Orn. in App. p. 77-—Mull. N° 210,.—Faun. Aragon. p. 78. 16. ALEXANDRINE-
Alexandrine Plover, Gez. Syz.v. p. 203. 9:

WE beg leave here to omit the fynonym of Brifon, whofe bird
having the addition of a black ftreak through the eye, and a

collar of the fame, ought not to have place here. The defcription then:
Sf 2 of

>

316

DESCRIPTION.

KENTISH
PE
DESCRIPTION.

%

Pee ONT Vier Bi, Re

of the Alexandrine Plover will ftand thus: fize about that of a Lark:
bill black: head and back greyifh or pale brown: forehead -at the
bafe of the bill white, which paffes over the eye in a line of the fame,
and blends itfelf with a collar of white, pafling round the neck; the
under parts of the body are every where white allo, and the brown
colour comes forward on each fide of the breaft, but does not meet
thereon: the quills are dufky grey, within whitifh, and leffen in
length inwards, but the three inmoft are nearly as long as the outer
ones, and of the fame colour with the back; from the fifth to the
eighth quill, an oblong white fpot onthe outer margin; the fecon-
daries tipped with white: four of the middle tail feathers are dufky
black, the others fhorter; the two outer ones on each fide are white;
the two next dufky white, with brown tips: jegs bluetfh brown: toes
and claws black,

I was favoured with a drawing of what I conjecture may be a va-
riety, by my late friend Mr. Pennant: in this, the head was pale brown,
but the forehead not white, nor was there any ftreak of white over the
eye; all the under parts from the chin white, paffing round the neck
in a collar: the back, wings, and tail, as in the former: bill and legs _
black *,

Vy
ie
Ai

Kentifh Plover, Lewin. Br. Birds, pl. 185.

IZE of the Ringed Plover: length fix inches and a half; breadth
fifteen inches ; weight an ounce and a half: the bill is black: top
of the head ferruginous brown, bounded on the fore part with black ;
but the forehead is white, and paffes over the eye, and a little beyond
it: from the bill, through the eye, a black ftreak, broadening behind

4 We fhould think that whatever further variety may be of this bird, it is not likely,
to be with a black ftreak through the eye, or a black breaft; fuch more probably be-

long to the Egypizan Plover.—=Gen. Sy. Vs Pe 205.9. A,
the

Peis) OFF Va ee

the eye, and reaching over the ear; all beneath, from the chin to the
vent, white, pafling round the neck asa collar: on each fide of the
breaft, next to the fhoulder of the wing, is a black patch: back and
wings pale brown: quills dufky; the fhaft of the outer one, the
whole of the leneth, andthe middle of the next white: the greater
coverts for the moft part tipped with white: tail rounded in fhape,
not unlike the quills; the three outer feathers whice, except a dufky
fpot on the inner web of the outmoft but two; the others have the
bafes very pale half way, but the two middle ones are of one colour:
legs blueifh black.

I received the above from Mr. Boys, of Neidio: 23d May 1787,
being fhot in that neighbourhood; and in the month of April 1791;
two others: the weight of thefe was about twenty grains more than
the former: the bill and legs were black: in one of them the whole
nape was of a fine pale reddifh bay, the other pale brown, inclining
to bay towards the nape: the three outer tail feathers white, but the
inner of thefe inclining to dufky on the inner web; the next very
pale brown, or brownifh white, with a dufky tip; the four middle
ones brown, with the ends dufky, approaching to black: in other
things they were like the firft defcribed; but in one of them, the
black patch at the bend of the wing was much larger, and approached
on each fide towards the breaft. We do not find the above defcribed
or figured except in Briti/h Birds; to the author of which I firft com-
municated it. That it does not at all belong to the Rizged Plover, in
any ftage, the colour of the bill and legs will teftify; for in the laft,
both of them incline more or lefs to yellow or orange, even whilft
very young, and in the adult are ever of a fine orange.

317

318

4.
RUSTY-
CROWNED
PL.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE

ee
SIBIRIAN
PL.
DESCRIPTION.

Place.

6.
CURONIAN
Pie
DESCRIPTION.

Been: On Va ES Re

Charadrius Falklandicus, Ind. Ora. ii. p. 747. 18.
Rufty-crowned Plover, Portlock’s Voy. pl. in p. 36. Male and Fone

IZE of the Ringed Plover : \ength feven inches and a half: Bill three
inches and a quarter, black: forehead, chin, all the fore part of

the neck, the breaft, and. belly ee acrofs the top of the head a.
bar of black, paffing downwards on each fide of the neck, in an irre-
gular manner, to the wings, and frqm thence forwards to the breaft,
forming a broad bar thereon: behind the black bar, on the top of the
head, isa ftripe of ferruginous, encircling all the back part of the head
as a wreath: the crown of the head within this, all the upper parts of
the body and wings are cinereous brown; but the greater quills and
tail are black: legs black.

The female is much the fame in colour with the male, but differs in
wanting the ferruginous wreath at the back part of the head.

Inhabits Falkland Ifles, in the Pacific Ocean.

Charadrius Sibiricus, Ind. Orn. i. p. 747. 19.—=Lepech. It. ii. t. 6.

HE forehead in this bird is variegated with black and white; the
crown fafciated with dufky: breaft brown, bounded by a white
band: belly ferruginous,
Inhabits Szbcria.

Charadrius curonicus, Ind, Oru. ii. p. 750: 31 eee d. Berl. Naturf. Gefch
Vil. p. 463. 48. (Be/eke.)

HE bill in this is dufky : the head, breaft, belly, and vent are
white: the forehead is white; in the middle of which is a black
crefcent: on the crown grey: from the bill, through the eyes, and
beyond them, paffes an undulated dufky ftripe: on the breaft a black
band: back, wings, and tail grey, with pale dull markings: the three
firtt

% Baky: O} VpRee Re

firft quills are dufky, and the outer one has the fhaft white: the upper

tail feathers black at the ends: the bill is black: irides yellow: legs
reddifh.

> -Inhabits Courland: feeds on fifh.

Charadrius nevius, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 750. 32.—-Schr. d. Berl. Naturf. Goch.
vil. p. 464. 49.
‘T HE bill and legs in this bird are dufky: the whole of the under
part of the body white; the upper part of the body is grey,
marked with black and white fpots: beneath the eyes, over the ears,
paffes a dotted black ftripe: the three outer wing feathers are black.
Inhabits Courland,

IZE of the Golden Plover: bill black, ftout, and very broad, re-
fembling the Tody genus: the general colour of the upper parts is
blue grey, ftreaked with black; beneath pale afh, but with the fame
. markings: forehead, part of the crown, and ears, minutely fpotted:
quills black: bafe of feveral of the primaries white : legs dull blue.
Inhabits New South Wales.

THIS has a nearly ftrait black bill : the crown, back, and wings, blue

grey, marked with black ftreaks, largeft on the back and crown:
irides yellow: beneath the eyes, cn the ears, a large patch of brown:
the under parts are dufky white, ftreaked on the neck and breaft with
pale brown: inner ridge of the wing ferruginous: quills black. It
ftands very high upon its legs, not much lefs fo than the Long-legged
Plover ; the colour of them pale blue,

inhabits New South Wales,

319
Prack.

7.
COURLAND
PL.

DEscRIPTION.

Description,

PLACE,
E 9.
HIGH-LEGGED
Pibe

DuscriPTion.

PLACE,

DESCRIPTION»

PLACE.

12.
BRIDLED
Phe
DeEscRIPTION.

DgscripTion,

Pas OF ANE STE AR,

HIS fpecies has the habit of our Golden Plover: bill black:

irides yellow : legs lead colour : plumage above a mottled brown;
beneath brownifh white, a little mottled: tail black, dotted with
white: legs lead colour. ;

Inhabits New South Wales.

ABOVE pale brown; beneath white: crown {potted with black ;
the wings with white: quills black: tail dufky: bill dufky: lees
blueifh: irides hazel.
Inhabits New South Wales.

HE bill in this bird is blueifh: the plumage on the upper parts
of the body and tail pale cinereous blue, dafhed with fmall brown
ftreaks: fides of the neck marked with a broad dufky ftreak, taking
rife beneath the eye, and defcending to the beginning of the back:
the under parts of the body are pale, marked with narrow dufky lines.
on the breaft; belly white: quills dufky; legs yellow.
Inhabits New South Wales.

A new fpecies of Plover, Sounini’s Trav, ii. p. 209.

ENGTH eight inches: head deep green, with a changeable
luftre ; a fort of white diadem furrounds the head, paffing through

the eyes: back and leffer wing coverts of a pretty bright afh colour:
greater wing coverts white: quills white, tipped with black, having
each a black fpot about the middle, forming a black {tripe acrofs the
middle of the wing: throat white: under part of the neck and body
ei? white,

iy Piwet ©) ~Wios,. Re

white, with a reddifh tinge: on the upper part of the breaft a narrow
band of deep fhining green paffing half round : tail feathers fhort, and
of unequal lengths, of the fame grey colour as the upper part of the
body for two-thirds of the length, where it is croffed by a broad
black band; the remainder white: eyes brown: legs and feet blueifh :
bill and claws black.

Such is the defcription of MZ. Sonnini, who thinks it comes near to
our Black-beaded Plover *; and indeed the defcription feems fome-
what to juftify the fentiment; but on comparifon, they appear to differ
in many particulars. He faw feveral in various parts of Egypt,
‘moftly in pairs, feldom in troops, and then not exceeding feven or
eight: feed on aquatic infects.; never alight on the mud, but frequent
the fandy parts only. Whenthey take wing, they utter a litcle fharp
cry, repeated feveral times : are obferved to run rather than fly, feldom
quitting the ground: are by no means fhy, fuffering themfelves to be
eafily approached.

® See Pluvian, P/, Exlum. 918.

Surp. I I. Tt

Ga

I.
TROGLODYTE
R,

DuascriPTion.

PLacE,

2.
DOUBTFUL
R

DrscripTion.

PULAcE,

R Aa

Genus LXXVIII. RATIL.

N° 1. Troglodyte R. N° 3. Dwarf R.
2. Doubtful R.

Rallus auftralis, Izd. Orz. ii. p. 756. 3.
Troglodyte Rail, Ger. Syz.v. p. 229. 3.—=Id. Sup. p. 255.

I Find this bird to be a native of New Holland as well as New Zea- -
land, but not very common; and varies in fome particulars; it is
fmaller, and wants the white ftreak over the eye, in the fame manner
as feen in Mu/: Carif.i. pl. 14. I remark in a fpecimen feen by me,
that the fpur of the wing feems large and formidable, In another va-
riety, I obferve the bill to be two inches long, more bent at the tip:
noftrils in a deep furrow of the bill : total length fourteen inches : the
general colour of the plumage much the fame as in the others on the
upper parts: fides of the head, and ftreak over the eye, pale afh co-
lour: all beneath deeper afh colour: thighs feathered to the knees.
This was brought from Lord Howe's I/land.

Rallus dubius, Ind. Ora, ii. p. 760. 19.— Jt. Pofeg. p. 26.

EARLY the fize of the Common Gallinule: bill and legs dufky
green: the face pale ferruginous: chin dufky white; round the
neck a broad collar of white: the general colour of the plumage barred
with brown and ferruginous: the belly white; fides brown, banded
with ferruginous afh colour; the firft quills on the outer edge white.
Inhabits Pofegania.

RAS TIL.

Rallus pufillus, Jud, Orn. it. p. 761. 24.—Pall. reife, iil. p. 700. 30.17. Pofeg.
p- 26.

HIS is fomewhat fimilar to the Water Rail, but not bigger than
a Lark, and fomewhat the colour of it: the face, fore part of the
neck, and down the middle of the breaft, blue grey: chin white:
through the eyes a pale ferruginous ftreak : the upper parts are black
and ferruginous mixed, marked on the back with longitudinal lines
of white: belly and vent black, croffed with narrow white bands:
legs green.
Inhabits the falt Jakes and reedy places in Dauuria; and is obferved
often to flirt up the tail between the wings, and carry it in that mans
ner.

323

DWARF
R.

DescriFrion.

PLact.

Yo
CHINESE
JAC.

DEscRIPTION.

2
CHILI
JAC.
DescripTion.

Je ANCLAt N® A.

Genus LXXIX. JACANA.

/
N° 1. Chinefe Jac. N° 2. Chili Jac.

Parra chinenfis, Izd. Orn. ii. p. 764. 7-
Chinefe Jacana, Gen. Syz. v. p. 246. 8.—Id. Sup. p. 256. t. 117.

Species which feems very little different from the Chine/e one, was

met with on the ifland of fava*. The utility of the great lenoth
of toes feemed manifeft, for thefe birds were thereby enabled to walk
over the leaves of the Great Water Lilly + with wonderful agility, thus
keeping themfelves at the furface of the water.

Parra chilenfis, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 765. 11.—Molin. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 239.

IZE of a Magpie, but ftands higher on its legs: the bill is conic,
fomewhat bent at the tip, and two inches long: irides yellow :
on the forehead a bilobated red caruncle; back purt of the head
fomewhat crefted: the neck, back, and wings, on the fore part are
violet: neck before, to the middle of the breaft, black: belly white :
the tail fhort and brown; quills the fame colour: at the bend of the
wing a yellow ccnical fpine, half an inch in length: legs black; above
the knees naked, as ufual in the genus: the toes fhorter than in moft
of the genus. »

® D’Entrecaffeaux Voy. ii. p. 332:

+ Nymphea nelumba.
Inhabits.

PLCXXX Vines

T/ Las
y Ty S

EE.

Publishad as te Act directs May 30.480). by Leigh, Sotheby & Sor Forks Street, avert Garden.

CEREOPSIS.

Genus LXXIX*. CEREOPSIS.

TLL fhort, convex, bent at the tip.
Nostrits at the bafe, under the cere.
Heap wholly covered, beyond the ears, with a rough fkin or cere.
At the bend of the wing a blunt knob.
Tat fhort, confifting of fixteen feathers.
Lzcs fitout, bare much above the knee: toes cloven: the outer
one conneéted to the middle at the bafe: back toe fmall.

IZE ofa fmall goofe; length thirty-nine inches: neck long: bare
part of the thigh one inch and three quarters; leg feven inches
and a half; middle toe three inches and three quarters: the bill is
black, three quarters of an inch in length; but from the tip to the
gape an inch and a quarter; the under mandible fhutting clofe under
the upper; from the bafe of the bill begins a bare rough fkin of a
yellow colour, covering the whole of the head beyond the ears: the
plumage is pale afh grey, but the neck and under parts are paler, the
upper inclining to brown; fome of the wing coverts and axillaries
have a dufky blackith fpot near the ends, and the quills are dufky
towards the tips: tail the fame, confifting of fixteen feathers, and
rounded in fhape : at the bend of the wing a blunt knob: the fecond
quills nearly as long as the prime ones: the legs are orange colour,
but the fore part above the bend, the toes, and claws, are black;
toes four in number, the three forward ones ftout and cloven, but the
exterior is connected to the middle one by a membrane at the bafe :
the fole of the foot is a folid knob on which the foot refts, and above
this a very fmall fourth toe, which fcarcely reaches the ground.
Inhabits New Holland: the only fpecimen we have feen is in the
Britifh Mufeum.
t%3

325

NEW —
HOLLAND
Cc

Description.

Place,

i.
PURPLE

VAR. A»

DESCRIPTION.

Var. B.

DESCRIPTION.

PLace.

GALLINULE

Genus LXXX. GALLINULE.

N° 1. Purple G. Var. B.
Var. A. N° 2. White G.

Gallinula porphyrio, Jud. Orn. ii. p. 768. 6.—Gerin. Orn. v. t. 485.—=dldrers
lit. pl. in p. 439.

Pindaramcoli, Bartolom. Voy. (Engl. ed.) p. 224.

Purple Gallinule, Gen. Syz. vy. p. 254. 6.

HIS is known in India by the name of Pindéramcoli; in China
called Chinka: are common at Rofétfa, and other parts of Egypr,
called there Sy/tanas *.

Porphyrio alter, d/drov. dv. til. p. 438. t. 440—Faun. Arag. p. 78.

THIs M. Afo thinks a remarkable variety, if not a new fpecies ;

it is of a violet black colour: fore part of the neck blue: fore-
head and legs red: vent white.

[N New Holland is a fine variety of the Purple Gallinule, of the ufual

fize, and differing very little from the laft defcribed: general co-
Jour of the plumage deep black, except the throat, fore part of the
neck and breaft, outer part of the wing coverts, and the quills, which
are of a deep blue: the bill, bare part of the crown, legs, and bare
part of the legs above the knee, are red; but the knees and joints of
the toes are black: the vent white: irides orange.

This bird is feen in the {wamps about New South Wales, in duguft,
but is rare: native name Goola-warrin.

° Sonnini’s Trav. (Engl. ed.) it. p. 56.

GALLINULE.

Gallinula alba, Jad. Orz. ii. p. 768. 8.
White Gallinule, Phi. Bot. Bay, t. p. 273.—White’s Fourn.t. p. 238.

IZE ofa Hen; length two feet: bill very ftrong, and much the
fame in fhape and colour as in the Purple Gallinule: a bare red
fpace in like manner is alfo on the crown: irides red: round the eye,
the fkin vifible through the flender covering of feathers: the whole of
the plumage in general-is of a pure white: legs red: claws brown:
at the bend of the wing a fharp fpur.

Some of thefe, fuppofed to differ in fex, are of a bright blue between
the fhoulders, and fpotted on the back with the fame.

Thefe inhabit Norfolk I/land, and are there very common; are ex-
ceedingly tame, infomuch as to be eafily knocked down with a ftick.
They feéd on various things, and have mofre'than once been obferved
to be content with the ejected food of the Booby, It is much to be
fufpected, that this is no other than a cafual variety of the Purple
fpecies, and the more {o, as that bird is in fufficient plenty in Zongo-
taboo, Tanna, and other iflands of the Pacific Ocean, independent of
_ Fava, Madagafcar, and various parts of the Ea Indies, as well as
China. 1 have likewife obferved fome fpecimens, which appeared to
belong to this fpecies, in which the plumage was of a general brown
colour, with a ftrong glofs of blue and green when expofed to different
reflections of light, and fuch I apprehend to be young birds not yet
having attained their ftate of perfection.

327

Qa
WHITE
G.

DEscRierion,

PLACE.

328 Co .orr,

Orvzer VIL. ‘WITH PINNATED FEET.

Genus LXXXIII. COOT.

Fulica atra, Ind. Orn. il. p. 777. 1.—Gerin. Orn. v. t. 425.
Common Coot, Gen. Syz. ve p. 275. 1.—ld. Sup. p.259-

HIS bird is no where in greater plenty than in the De of Sheppey;

and the inhabitants receive great benefit therefrom, and in courfe
will not fuffer the eggs tobe taken. The birds are a great article of
food, being eaten by moft people there, and thought very good; they
are firft {kinned, after which they are drefled in various ways like
pigeons.

GAR: Eye, E: 329

Genus LXXXIV. GREBE.

Podiceps cafpicus, Ind. Orz. ii. p. 784. 7.—S. G. Gmel. It. p. 137.—=N. Nord. q
Beytr. iv. p. 9. -

HE body on the upper part is dufky brown, beneath filvery Descrtrrion.
white: bill lead colour: throat and cheeks white: wing coverts
brown.
Inhabits the Ca/pian Sea. We fufpect that this bird has fome affi- PLACE.
nity to the Red-necked Grebe. ;
A fpecies of Grebe is found in New Holland; it is about the fize of
the White-winged Grebe, and not unlike it in plumage. ‘The head 1s
more like P/. Exlum. 945 *, but the chin is not white.
Sonnini mentions one found in Egypt, where it is called Farha reheit,
varying but little from our own; the firft and laft of the quills are.
blackifh, the reft white.

* Caftagneux des Philippines.

Supp. Il, Ou

330

CHILE
FL,

“DsscRIPTION.

FLAMINGO.

Orver IX. WEB-FOOT ED.

* Wito Lono Lees.

Genus LXXXVII FLAMINGO:

Pheenicopterus chilenfis, Jzd. Orz. ii. p. 789; 2.—Molin, Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 222:

THE height from the point of the bill to the tips of the claws is:
five feet; and the body itfelf'about one foot: the back and the:
wings are of a fiery red colour, the reft: of the plumage of a beautiful:
white: the head is very fmall, oblong, crowned with a fort of creft::
bill five inches long; it differs in many things from ‘the fpecies gene-
rally known, but in none more than the quills, being in this-of a pure
white, which in the common American and African fort are quite black:
the young faid to differ from the adults,.in being of a grey colour.

It is probably. one of the fineft birds in Chi; frequents only the
frefh waters. The inhabitants fet great {tore by this bird, as it fur--
nifhes them with the beautiful feathers with which they adorn their
helmets and fpears: the wings alfo are converted into fans, and ufed.
for the fame purpofe.

G Uy BE,

** Witu SuHort Lees:

Genus XCIV. G Puig oe

N° 1. Brown G. N° 3. Pulo Condor G,
2, Pacific G. 4. Skua G.

Sterna obfcura, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 810. 25-
Brown Tern, Gez, Syz. vi. p. 368. 23.

Bird which we have very little doubt is the Brown Tern, hitherto
fo cailed, fell under the obfervation of ray friend Mr. Boys, of
Sandwich, a few years fince. He obferves that it is a beautiful {pe-
cies, but without a fingle character of the Tern; the bill like that
of the Cinereous Tern, but longer and more flender, yellow to the
hook in the upper mandible, and to the gibbous part of the lower ;
from thence black: length to the toes and tail fifteen inches and a
half; to the tips of the wings eighteen inches; breadth eighteen inches;
weight eight ounces and a half avoirdupois: the hind head and nape
dufky : at the anterior angle of the orbit, a black fpot; another of the
fame behind the ear: forehead, throat, fore part of the neck, belly,
vent, and rump, pure white: back, fcapulars, upper range of coverts
next the body grey; middle feries of coverts brown, edged and tipped
with white; lower feries grey, with white tips: baftard wing com-
poled of three feathers black and white: quills deeply tipped wich
black, fringed with white : middle of the feathers and the fhafts white ;
outer web banded with black ;. inner webs with dufky, but deeper;
fecondaries dufky, tipped with grey: tail of twelve feathers; the two
external ones white, the reft white with a bar of dufky; legs dufky
orange: claws black.
Uue Should

i.
BROWN
G

DESCRIPTION.

&
Loe)
b>

2
PACIFIC
G.

DescriFTion»

PLACE.

3.
PULO CONDOR
G.

DESCRIPTION.

Gt Un nk
Should this prove what Mr. Boys fufpects, it ought no longer to be:

retained as a Tern, as it manifeftly belongs to the Gu// genus: it was:
met with in the neighbouring fhores of Sandwich...

HE general colour of the plumage in this bird is deep browns:
but the under parts, the rump, and tips of the-leffer wing coverts
are very pale brown, approaching to white: tail rather fhort, rounded:
at the end: bill dirty orange, fwelling near the point, where it is.
croffed with dufky or black: legs dufky:
Inhabits New South Wales; where-is alfo found the Black-backed:
Gull, or a fpecies fo-fimilar thereto, as not to merit defcription.

Larus Pulo Condor, Muf. Carl/. fa/c. iv. t. 83.

HE forehead: in this bird is afh colour; crown-the fame, with a
mixture of white: the plumage on the upper parts rulty afh co-
lour and brown mized ; beneath white :. bill, hind. head, nape, {hould-.
ers, and claws, black: legs yellow..
Inhabits Pulo Condor...

Larus Catarractes, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 818. 12--

Skua Gull, Gen. Syz. vi. pe 385- 14.
WE fufpeé that this is the fpecies called at. St, Kilda, Fuilag *,.

which 1s faid to be a large Gull, infefting the birds, by break- _
ing their eggs, and often. killing their young, and many of the old’
fowls. The inhabitants difcover the greateft rage at fecing or hear-
ing of this cruel enemy, and. exert their whole addrefs to catch it;
when they excel the Jvdians.in torturing it, they pluck oué its eyes,
few the wings together, and fend it adrift; at other. times, they. extract.
the meat out of the egg, on a fuppofition that the animal may fit till
it pines away ; and for any one to eat the egg, would be accounted
flagitious.

‘ le
* Buchanans Trav. in the Weftern Iles, p. 139.

RAs TT REE. E.

Genus) XCVs oP EY DoRe Ei:

N° 1. Great black P. N° 3.. Cinereous P.
2.. Norfolk Ifland. P..

Procellaria equinoétialis, Ind, Orn. il. p. 821. 3.
Faliginous Peterel, White’s Voy. pl. p. 252.
Great Black Peterel, Gen. Syz. vi. p. 398. 3. Var.

’T HIS is nearly as big as a Raven: the whole bird of a deep footy

brown or blackifh colour, except that on the chin is a fmall
patch of white, running down on each fide the lower mandible: the
legs are dufky: bill pale dirty yellow.

{nhabits the fea in the neighbourhood of Port Fack/on, in New South
F¥ales, and. has the fame manners with its congeners.. No one is a
greater enemy to the 4/datro/s than this bird, whenever it is feen on the
wing, but quits it as foon.as the A/batro/s takes to the water, fenfible
no doubt that an encounter on this element would end to its difad-
vantage. It is however a. ftill greater fcourge to the Broad-billed
Peirel*, for although multitudes of thefe are deftroyed by it, it only
devours the heart and liver, leaving the reft untouched; hundreds of
them thus evifcerated have been. found lying upon the ground in this
firuation +.

* Precellaria Forfteri, Ind. Orn. + Embaff. to China, i. 223,

333

I.
GREAT BLACK
P.

DescRIPTION,.

PLacm

NORFOLK
ISLAND
P.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

Bok |. Bw £

Procellaria alba, Ind. Orz. ii. p. 822. 6.
White-breafted Petrel, Gen. Syz. vi. p. 400. 6.
Norfolk Ifland Petrel, PA:H. Voy. pl. p. 161.

ENGTH fixteen inches: bil] one inch and a half long, black,
and very hooked at the end: the head, as far as the eyes and the
chin, mottled brown and white in waves: the reft of the bird on the
upper parts of the body of a footy brown, and on the under, of a
deep afh colour: the inner part of the quills white, efpecially next
the bafe: the wings, when clofed, exceed the tail by nearly one inch:
the tail is rounded at the end, compofed of fixteen feathers, of the fame
colour as the upper parts: the legs pale yellow: the outer toes black
the whole of their length; the adjoining web the fame, except juaft at
the bafe, where it is pale ; the inner toe and: web black for about one
third: the claws and fpur behind black.

This inhabits Norfolk land, where it is ingreat plenty, and burrows
in the fand like a rabbit. On Mount Pitt, the higheft land in the ifland,
the ground wasas full of holes as a rabbit warren, and an immenfe
number of aquatic birds burrowed: and built their nefts in them *.
Thefe, during the day, were at fea, but as night approaches; they re-
turn in vaft flocks. The fettlers lighted {mall fires every night on this
mount, about which the birds dropped as faft as the people could pick
them up and kill them, for the wings of fea birds are generally fo
long, as to prevent their rifing till they can afcend fome {mall eleva-
tion ; hence the difficulty in the d/batrofs to detach itfeif from the
furface of the water, which it can never do without the greateft ex-
ertion. When, however, it is fortunate enough to gain a {mall rock or
fhelf, it has only to throw itfelf therefrom, and take wing immedi-
ately.

* Hunter's Hift. of Port Fackfans 18,000 faid to have been taken in the {pace of
about fix weeks,

Bin TA Rae! TS

Procellaria cinerea, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 824. 10.
Cinereous Petrel, Gen. Syz. vi. p. 405. 10.

HIS, or a flight variety, is found about Port Fack/on, in New Hol-

land, and parts adjacent: it is wholly of a dufky black; but the
fides of the head, the neck, and all beneath, are ath colour: the bill
and legs dull yellow. In a fpecimen of this, we obferved the whole of
the under parts from the breaft to the vent occupied by an afh colour-
ed down, projecting greatly more than the feathers, which we fup-
pofed would afterwards fupply its place, for it may be conjeétured,
that birds in this ftate are no other than in.their firft feathers and.
imperfect plumage..

335

Ree
CINEREOUS
Bs

DESCRIPTION.

i.
GOO@SANDER
M.

M E REG A NES ER.

Genus XCVI MER’GA NS ER,

N° 1. Goofander M. N°'5. Forked M.
2. Red-breafted M. - 6. Brown M.
3. Imperial M. 7. Blue M,
4. Smew M.

Mergus Merganfer, Ind. Orz. ii, p. 828. 1——Ger. Orn. v. t.508.

Goofander, Gen. Syz. vi. p. 418. 1.——Lewin’s Br. Birds, vi. p. 30. pl. 231.
—Nat. Mic. pl. 445-

Greater Goofander, Linn. Tranf. iv. p. 122. 26.

UR reafon for mentioning this bird again, is to requeft that na-
turalifts will be more diligent than ever in regard to fuch birds,

whofe identity as fpecies may be afcertained by diffection. We have
in more places than one remarked the uncertainty in refpect to the

external appearance of birds, till arrived at the adult ftate. The Dun

Diver, amoneft others, has caufed us to waver greatly ; for naturalifts
having fet this bird down for certain as a female of the Greater Goof-
ander, and finding that fome of thefe fuppofed females were endowed
with the fame conformation of trachea as the male adult, known to be
fuch, doubt arofe, whether, as there were both fexes under this livery,
it might not be totally different in fpecies. The faét however feems,
that both fexes, for the firft feafon at leaft, have the appearance of the
Dun Diver, which the female retains throughout life, whilft the male
gradually gains the beautifully white plumage he is known by ; but the
diftinguifhing character of the windpipe, wherein he entirely differs
from the otner fex, will be detected at any age whatever *.

® Scea figure of it in Beek. d. Berl. Nat. Fr.iv.S, 594. tab. 18. f. 3.

MERGANSER.

Mergus Serrator, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 829. 4.—Sepp. Vog. iit. tab. 124. 125.—=

Ger. Orne v. t. 509-
Der Haubentaucher, Schr. d. Berl. Nat. Fr. iii. S. 374. t.7. f. 5.

Red-breafted Merganfer, Gen. Syn. vi. p. 423.—Edw. t. 95.—Lin. Tranf. iv.
p- izi. tab, xvi. f, 1.2. the windpipe of the male.

NX7E do not find that externally the male and female of this {pecies

have been at all miftaken by authors, but ftill the intuitive
naturalift will obferve the fame internal difference to exift as takes
place in the greater fpecies. The male has an enlargement of the
trachea about the middle of its length, confifting of bony plaits of the
fame texture as the reft of it, the lower part of it ending in a large
and remarkable bony cavity, of an irregular heart fhape, with two
openings on one fide, and one on the other: all of which are covered
with fine membranes *, and from the bottom of this the two bronchiz
fpring, which there dividing, lofe themfelves in the lungs.

Mergus imperialis, Ind. Ora. ii. p. 829. 3.—Cett. uc. Sard. p. 326.

HIS is the fize of a Goofe: the body is variegated with black,.

brown, and grey: the head is without a creft: the prime quills
are black, and without any fpeculum: bill and legs rufous white:
tongue ciliated.
Inhabits Sardinia.

* See the plate in Liz, Tran/. above referred to.

Supp. If. | Xx

337

2.
RED-
BREASTED

M.

DescriPrion,

$.
IMPERIAL
M

DESCRIPTIONs

PLace,

338

4.
SMEW
M.

DeEsCRIPTION.

MERGANSER.

Mereus albellus, Ind. Orn. it. p. 831.6. Male.

Merganfer minor monialis alba diétus, Ger. Orz. v. t. 513.

minor femina, Ger. Orn. v. t. 514.

cinereus capite rufefcente, Ger. Orz. v. t. 511.

Petit Harle huppé, La Piette, Buf. O7/ vill. p. 275. pl. 24.—P/. Enl. 440,

Mergus minutus, fzd, Orn. ii. p. 832. 7. Female.

Smew, or white Nun, Gen. Syx. vi. p. 428. 5. (Male. J—Lewin’s Br. Birds, vic
t. 234.—Lin. Tranf, iv. p. 234. pl. xvi. f. 3. 4.

Minute Merganfer, Gen. Syn. vi. p. 429.6, (Female, or young bird.) Lewin’:
Br. Birds, t. 235

E have obferved in another place *, that the Minute Merganfer,
with its fynonyms, and the White Mergan/er, all make up but
one fpecies, occafioned by the male having the female plumage for
fome length of time after growing to fize; for having attentively
examined and compared the windpipe of a fuppofed male Minute Mer-
ganfer, with the fame part of a full grown Smew, the fimilarity at once
was manifeft, no other difference whatever being vifible, further than
that the parts were lefs offified in one than the other; henceforward
therefore we may venture to affirm, that three diftiné& fpecies only. of
the Smez genus will be found in England,,inftead of the five now on
record. The trachea or windpipe of this {pecies is fmalleft near the
upper part, but enlarges as it approaches towards the middle, from
whence to the bottom it continues of nearly equal dimenfions, the
texture confifting of completely bony rings, with fcarcely any carti-
lage intervening; at the bottom isa bony cavity, as in the others,.
{maller in proportion, and differing in fhape, the greater expanfe- be-
ing from fide to fide, whereas in the others it is almoft upwards and
downwards; on one fide is a round hole, covered by a drum-like mem-
brane, and on the oppofite, an oval. fmooth hollow bone uniting with
it: from the bottom arife the bronchize.

* Lia. Tran...

MERGANSER.

Mergus furcifer, Ind. Orn, iis p. $32. 8.—-Schr. d. Berl. Nat. Fr. vii. S. 458. 32.

HE bill in this bird is black at the tip and bafe; but the middle

is reddifh: the irides pale brown: the forehead and back are
light brown: from the ears, down the fides of the neck, quite to the
breaft, a black ftripe, fhaded for half the length with chefnut: hind
head and neck white: breaft, back, and rump black, the feathers ap-
pearing fcaly: belly and vent white: tail forked, as in the Swallow ;
the outer feathers white: wing coverts fhaded not unlike the back :
leffer quills like the back, part of them white, making a long fpot of
that colour between the back and wings.

inhabits Courland.

Mergus fufcus, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 832. 9.
Brown Merganfer, 4r@. Zool. ii. Sup. p. 74.

HE length of this is feventeen inches and a half; weight twenty-

three ounces: the head is dark brown: from the orbits a whitifh
brown ftreak, extending backwards, and ending in a large pendent
creft; the upper part of it brown, the lower black: creater and leffer
coverts, fcapulars, and tail, black: fecondaries the fame, but each
web broadly mottled with white: belly white: vent tawny: beyond
the junction of the thighs with the body, a few black feathers marked
with red: legs dufky yellow...

This fpecies arrives at Hudfon’s Bay in May, as foon as the rivers
are open: makes its neft about the lakes, with grafs, lined with
feathers pulled from its own breaft: retires when the rivers are
frozen.

oO 58 6)

339

5.
FORKED
M

DrscRirrion.

Place.

6.
BROW
M.

DEscRIPTILON.

Proacs.

/

340.

7.
BLUE
M.

PLacg.

MERGANSER,

Mereus ceruleus, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 833. 10.
Blue Merganfer, Ar. Zool. ii. Sup. p. 74.
White-faced Duck, Gen. Syz. vi. p. 504. 50. Var. A.

HE defcription of this bird will be found fufficiently detailed in
the Gen. Synopfis, as well as in the Aréfic Zoology above referred
to. Mr. Pennant has thought right to rank it in the prefent genus,

and we need not hefitate to let it ref{t upon fuch good authority.
Our late friend Mr. Hutchins met with this bird at Hud/on’s Bay.

Be. U Cook, 341
Genus XCVII. D UC K.
N° 1.. Whiftling Swan. N° 21. Shoveler D..
2. Mute Sw. 22. Gadwal D.
3. Black Sw. 23. Wigeon.
4. Black-necked Sw.. 24. Pochard D.
5. Black and White Goofe, 25. Pintail D.
6. Hybrid G. 26. Golden-eye D.
7. Cofcoroba G. a7. Tufted D.
8. Blue-winged G.. 28. Sparrman’s D.
g. Common G. 29. Gmelin’s D.
zo. Semipalmated G, 30. Kekufchka D.
tr. Mufcovy G. 31. Arabic D.
12. Lobated Duck. 32. Alexandrine D.
13. Torrid D.. 33. Gattair D..
14. White-fronted D. 34.. Sirfeein D.
15. Royal D.. 35. Hawkfbury D.
16. Solitary D.. 36. New Holland D.
17. Velvet D. 37- New Holland Shoveler.
18. Mallard D.. 38. Garganey D._
19. Scaup D. 39. Teal.
20. Shieldrake.
Anas Cygnus, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 833. 1==Gers Orn v. t. 554.——Blafii Anat. t. i
42. (Scelet.) WHISTLING:
SWAN,-

Whillling Swan, Gen. Syx. vi. p. 433.—Jd. Supp, p. 272.—Lin. Tranf, iv. p.
105. pl. xii. f. 1.2. The trachea, &c:
TT HE Wild Swan is now known to be an. inhabitant of Dor/etfhire,.
as Dr. Maton* faw them in their wild ftate, on the eaft fide of
Chefil Bank, in Auguft.

2 Obfervations on the Weftern Counties, by Dr. Maton, i, p. 68,
In.

342

2.
MUTE
SW.

Manners.

Bb VY) C.K.

In the neighbourhood of Tzaritzin, on the Lewer Volga, a great
number of Swans appear about the 20th February, particularly upon
the Sarpa, and towards the lower grounds of the 4chtuba: they are
of two kinds; but that which diftinguifhes itfelf by its very fharp
{cream, and has the lower part of its bill yellow, is the moft nume-
rous *. Among the Kalmucs, the Lama Dardfba had for his title Erdeni
Lama Baatur Khan Taidfhi, which fignifies noble father of fouls, brave
prince of Swans +.

The circumftance of the trachea entering the keel of the breafi-
bone, has been before noticed in this work, as well as by many authors
before ; but as no words are able to convey a fufficient idea without
engravings, Dr. Parfons has given a good reprefentation in the Pbil.
Tranf.; another will be alfo found in the Lin. Tranfaftions above re-
ferred to.

Anas olor, Ind. Orn. ii. p.824. 2.—Ger. Orn. v. t. §53-
Mute Swan, Gen. Syz. vi. p. 436. 2.

RIRDS of this fpecies fometimes live together in fociety with per-

fect complacency: two female Swans have for three or four years
paft agreed to affociate, and have had yearly each a brood, together
bringing up-eleven young. ‘They fate by turns, and never quarrelled.
This is not the only inftance which has come under our obfervation ;
and numbers are to be feen together in many waters in this kingdom ;
but the moft noble fwannery is, we believe, very near ALbot/bury, Der/et,

-about a quarter of a mile to the weft of which, in the open part of the

fleet, are kept 6 or 7oo—formerly 1,500 Swans tf, the royalty be-
longing anciently to the abbot, fince to the family of Strangeways, and
now to the Earl of I/cheffer. ‘That this fpecies is very pugnacious, is

* Ruffia (8vo. 1783) vol. iv. p. 283. + dd. p. 205.
Z As far as 7000,—Maton’s Tour, 1. p. 726
known

10 aw fins Cie 8B

known to moft people; and it muft be a powerful man who is able
to withftand the fury of an enraged one. A circumftance has come
to our knowledge, fhewing at leaft the fuperiority the Swaz has on its
own element, for a female of one of thefe, whilft fitting, obferving a
fox fwimming towards her from the oppofite fhore, inftantly darted
into the water, and having kept the fox at bay for a confiderable time
with her wings, at laft fucceeded in drowning him, after which, fhe
retired in triumph, in the fight of feveral perfons. This happened
at Penjy, in Buckinghamfbire.

Anas atrata, Jad. Orn. ti. p. 834. 4. ;
Black Swan of Van Diemen, D’Entrecafteaux Voy. 8vo. i. p. 140. pl. iX—
Nat. Mifc. pl. 108.—Phillips’s Voy. p. 98.—White’s Fournal, p. 137.

"THIS is a large bird, not inferior in fize to our European {pecies,

and extends from the tip of one wing to that of the other, four
feet eight inches: the bill is large and red; towards the end paler ; on
the bafe of the upper mandible, at the noftrils, a bifid protuberance ;
the under mandible white beneath, and red on the fides: irides red:
the general colour of the plumage is deep black ; but the greater part
of the fecond quills, and all the prime ones, are white; alfo two or
more white feathers on the coverts: belly and thighs afh colour: legs
flefh coloured brown.

In what other particulars the female differs from the male, we are
not told, further than that the protuberance at the top of the bill is
wanting.

Inhabits various parts of New Holland, where it has been long no-
ticed. I find it firit mentioned in a letter from Mr. Witfen to Dr.
M. Lifter, about the year 1698, which fays, here is returned a fhip,
which by our Eaf India company was fent to the fouth land, called
Hollandia Nova, and adds, that Black Swans, Parrots, and many Sea

2 Cows.

343

%.
BLACK
SWAN.

DESCRIPTION»

PLACE.

St4

7%
BLACK-
NECKED

SWAN.

DeEscriprion.

50
BLACK AND
WHITE GOOSE.

Description,

DUC) Kh.

‘Cows were found there*. In 1726, two of them were brought alive
to Batavia, as confirmed by Valentyn +: feveral being found in New
Holland, near Dick Hartog’s Bay.

Since that time, our later circumnavigators, from Captain Cook to
the prefent time, have found them every where in thefe parts, eight
or nine having been met with together, and they are faid to fly one
afier another like Wild Geefe; but the general manner, &c. remains
yet to be afcertained.' ‘The natives of New Holland call this fpecies
Mulgo.

Anas nigricollis, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 834. 3.
Anas melancorypha, Cygne Chilien, Molin. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 213.
Black-necked Swan,.Gen. Syn. vi. p. 436. 3.

OLINA -obferves, that it is the fize of the European Swan: the

head and half the neck black; the reft glofly white: the female

has commonly fix young, which it never leaves alone in the neft, but
carries them on its back every time it goes out in fearch of food.

THE fize of this bird is uncertain: the bill is not unlike that of
the Wild Swan, extending far backwards, and taking in the eyes:
it is yellowifh at the bafe, red in the middle; the point as well as the

under mandible pale: the head, neck, beginning of the back, major

* Phil. Tranf. v. 20. p. 361.

+ See Valentyn Oud en Nieuw Oof Indien. Amf?. 1726, where it is obferved
that two, and afterwards more black fwans were found in Nea Holland: two of
them were brought alive to Batavia. This account accompanied by an engraving,
reprefenting the Lagoon, with the black fwans fwimming init; and the catching of
one by the boat’s crew.

part

DS. Ciek,

part of the wing and quills, tail, and thighs, are black: fome large
fpots of black are alfo on the laft; the reft of the plumage white. It
ftands high on the legs, which are yellow: and the webs do not reach
above half way between the toes.

Inhabits New South Wales: were it not from the extreme diftance

between Chili and New Holland, one might think it a variety of the
Black-necked {pecies.

Anas hybrida, Jnd. Orz. ii. p. $35. 6.
Le Cage, Moliz. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 221.
‘THIS is about the fize of a Dome/fic Goofe; but the two fexes dif-
fer exceedingly in colour: the ma/e is of a pure white, with the
bill and legs yellow: the bill is half cylindrical; the cere red: the
female is black, except fome ftreaks of white, arifing from the tips of
feveral of the feathers being bordered with white: bill and lees red:
the neck is fomewhat fhorter than in the Common Goofe, but the wings
and tail longer; and the legs of nearly the fame fhape and make.
This fpecies inhabits the Archipelago of Chiloé, in South America:
may be called monogamous, for the male and female are never apart,
never being found in flocks, as other forts: during the time of incu-
bation, they retire to the rivers, where the female generally lays about
eight white eggs, in a hole formed out of the fand.

Anas Cofcoroba, Ind. Ora. ii. p. 835. 7.—~Molin. Chil, (Fr. ed.) p. 283.
"THIS is probably the fize of a Goofe, at leaft Molina calls it by that

name, and fays itis of a large fize: that it is wholly white, ex-
cept the bill and legs, which are red: the eyes of a fine black; whe-
ther the female differs from the male is not mentioned.

This inhabits Chili, and is valuable for its extreme docility and
tamenefs in confinement and domefticity, particularly attaching itfelf
to the perfon who brings it food.

Supp. II. Yy

345

Pracs. °

6.
HYBRID
GOOSE.

Description.

PLACE,

7s
COSCOROBA
G

DEscRIPTION»

PLacg,

346

8.
BLUE-WINGE
G.

DescRipTion.

COMMON

°

Di °C ke

Anas c#rule'cens, Jad Orn. ii. p. 836. 13-
Blue-winged Guofe, Gen. Syn. vi. p. 469. 28.—Bartr. Trav. p. 292.

‘HITS fpecies is apt to vary much. I have received feveral from
Hudfor’s Bay; one of them correfponded exactly with our de-
feription in the Synopfis ; another had the head and a little part of the
neck white, behind mixed with black; half the neck before white ;
the reft of the bird much the fame as in common. In a third, the
head, all the neck, the whole of the body, except between the wings,
of a pure white: at the lower part of the neck behind, and between
the wings, dufky black, or deep lead colour: fcapulars the fame,
margined with white: wing coverts as generally feen in this fpecies,
but paler, and inclined to white: the fecond and third greater quills
black; all the fecondaries black, beautifully fringed on each fide with
white, purer than in the others, but not unlike: tail white; the four
middle feathers pale lead colour, down the middle, half way from the
bafe. A ticket affixed to this laft bird, fays, that it is produced from
a Blue anda White Wayway *; but this is only according to the tra-
dition of the Indians.

Anas anfer, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 841. 26.—.Ger. Ora. y. t. 561. 1. 558. 559. 560.
— Sepp. Vog. iii. t. 105.
Grey Lag, and tame Goofe, Gen. Syn. vi. p. 459. 21.—IZd. Sup. p. 273.

N the ftricteft examination of the trachea of both fexes of the
Goo/ey {carcely any difference can be found between them, ex-
cepting that of the male appears to be the thicker and larger of the
two.
Every one experiences the utility of the feathers of the Goofe; all
of which are applied to the various wants in life; and the quills in

= Snow Goofe, Gen. Syn, vi. Pp. 445. 10.
particular,

Aa}
ees ae
a aa
pe easels
fs > he =

>

By |

irae by (desis ‘i ie

Pl. CXXXIX.

| ch ip
« i Seas The Me TEN TN in

SA ae 2
REFIT SON Da

HUSSARS rterereccmegg

‘ 2 Go
Snuipralmated Goose wills lhe SE yin 2D
4

Publishd as the Act directs May 70-1801, by Leigh, Sotheby & Son Yorke Sarcet, Covent Garden»

—~

DU Gk.

particular, now in fo much demand for writing-pens, were formerly
in the greateft repute for the feathering of arrows. In 1417 and
1418, king Henry V. attributes his victory at .4gincourt to the archers,
and directs the fherives of many counties to pluck from every Gog
fix wing feathers *, for the purpofe of improving arrows, which are
to be paid for by the king.

The feeding of Geefe fhould be a bufinefs of fome notice, as we
find in the London Gazette, Fanuary 31ft, 1793, the name of Thomas
B. of Plaiftow, in Effex, Goofefeeder, among the lift of bankrupts.

Semipalmated Goofe, Liz. Lran/.iv. p. 103. N° vi.

Ss! ZE nearly of a Wild Goofe: bill brown; the cere at the bafe of
it paffing on each fide to the eye: the head, neck, and thighs
brownifh black; round the lower part of the neck, a collar of white :
the rump and under parts white: legs red; toes only webbed half way
from the bafe: the external plumage does not feem to have any great
peculiarity, but on diffection, the fituation of the trachea offers a great
fingularity, for after paffing on the fore part of the neck in the ufual
way, it forms feveral circumvolutions on the outfide of the mufcles of
the breaft, under the fkin, before it enters the cavity, which circum-
ftance is figured on the plate beneath the reprefentation of the bird,
and will afford no doubt to the curious matter for great admiration.
For the drawing of the bird, we are indebted to our friend Mr.
Lambert, and for that of the trachea, to Mr. Heavifide, in whofe Mu-
feum, amongft very many profeffiona! and other fubjects, may be feen
well-preferved {pecimens of this organ.
Inhabits New Holland, being found in flocks near Haw/kbury River,
and called New South Wales Goofe; its note {aid to be tuneful and me-

s Thefe feathers fhould confift of the fecond, third, and fourth of each wing.—
Archagl. vii. p» 52. [u.]
Yy2 lodious,

10.
SEMIPALMAT-
ED
G.
DeEscRIPTIONs

Pace.

rl.
MUSCOVY

DeEscRIPTION.

DU PCiKt

lodious, and the bird obferved fometimes to perch on trees, in the
manner of the hifling Duck: the native name is Newal Gang,

Anas mofchata, Ind. Ora. ii. p. 846. 37-

—— indica, Ger. Orn. v. t. 568. 569.

Mufcovy Duck, Gen. Syz. vi. p. 476. 31.—Lin Tran. iv. p. 13. pl. xvi. fi
Ga1Gre

HE male of this differs in the formation of the trachea from the

female, as in feveral of the Duck genus: the windpipe is ftout,
nearly equal in diameter, but a trifle fmaller towards the bottom; the
bony arch, as in others, finifhes the bottom part, and appears as if
furnifhed with rings, but they are not moveable as in the reft of the
trachea: the orbicular labyrinth is attached to the fide of it: this is
not fmooth on the furface, as in the Pimtail and Wigeon, but univerfal-
ly rough and irregularly furrowed with fine indented lines ; the oppo
fite fide runs into a pear-ihape, and is placed obliquely, with the point
loweft, but is flatted confiderably on the furface: the bony arch is on
this fide fmooth, having no appearance of rings, and is bent at a
fmall angle from the trachea, although it conftitutes a continuance of
it. In old birds, the bony labyrinth is more rounded, and larger,
but ftills retains the roughnefs on the furface; in a very old bird,
furnifhed to me by Mr. Boys, the labyrinth is not only much larger,
but nearly globular, and the bony arch quite fmooth, yet is finely
granulated and faintly wrinkled, and the texture more bony. That
figured by Dr. Block, in the Berlin Tranfattions, appears by much tco
large, but it is not for us to fay that it is faulty, for in cafe his figure
is taken from a foreign fpecimen, and fuppofing that the Mu/covy
Duck arrives at twice the fize we fee them in England, and which they
are faid to do, no doubt but the labyrinth and its trachea would bear
a due proportion.

—

Se

DU C XK,

Lobated Duck, Nat. Mif. pl. 255.

IZE of the Mallard: the bill large, bent at the tip; colour dufky
black ; from the under mandible fprings a roundifh large flap or
wattle, of a very dark colour, hanging downwards: general colour of
the plumage dufky black, crofled with numerous tranfverfe pale or
whitifh lines, intermixed with minute irregular markings and fpots
of the fame: the chin, fore part of the neck, and: belly, have the
ground white, marked and irregularly fpotted with dufky black:: quills.
and tail dufky black, the laft fomewhat pointed. in fhape: legs lead
colour.
Inhabits New Halland.

Anas torrida, Ind. Orn. i. pe 84§. 33-
Branta torrida, Scop. dun. H. Nat. i. N° 86.

IZE of a Crefted Duck: the head white: the upper part of the
neck black; beneath chefnut.

Anas albicans, Ind. Orm. i. p. 845+ 34>
Branta albifrons, Scop. Ann. Hif. Nat. 1. N° 87.
IZE of a Cock: general colour of the plumage brown: head and
neck inclining to rufous: forehead and beneath white: the upper
part of the breaft cinereous; the feathers margined with pale ferru-
ginous, with a rufous band towards the tip: quills within and at’ the
tips white.

Anas regia, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 847. 39.
Canard royal, Molin. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 212.

HIS isa trifle larger than a Mallard: it has a compreffed ca-
runcle on the forehead, forming a fort of creft or comb: all the

3 UBPEE

349
12.
LOBATED
D

DescriPriom

Place

13.
TORRID

DesscRIPTIONS

T4e
WHLTE-
FRONTED
D.
Descrir Pion.

15,
ROYAL
D

D5scRiFTion,

35°

PLAce.

16.
SOLITARY
D

DEscRIPTION.

17.
VELVET
D.

DescriPTione

DUC XK.

upper parts of the body are fine blue; the under grey: about the
neck is a beautiful white collar.
Inhabits Chil,

Anas monacha, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 847. 40.—Scop. Ann. i, N° $6.

"THIS is larger than the Mallard: bill yellowifh, with a black

tip: lore grey: plumage varied black and white: head and be-
ginning of the breaft {potted with black: prime quills white ; tips
variegated with brown: fpeculum violet green: tail pointed; the
feathers white, marked with a brown {pot at the tip.

Anas fufca, Ind. Ora. ti. p. 848. 44.—-Gunth. Nef. und Ey, t. 90. Egg.—Schre
des Berl. Nat. iii. p. 374.t. 8. f. 1.

Velvet Duck, Gen. Syn. vi. p. 482. 37.—Ld. Sup. p. 274.—Lin. Tranf.iv. p. 119.
pl. 15. £. 3—7. the trachea.

HIS bird being for the moft part black, excepting a white mark

on the under eyelid, and a fpot of the fame on the wing, carries
nothing interefting outwardly ; but on diffection, the windpipe of the
male will be found curioufly conftruéted: juft below the larynx, is a
bony cavity, of almoft an inch long, from this the trachea defcends
for nearly two-thirds of its length, when it fwells out into a ftrong
bony hollow, about the fize of a {mall walnut, flat on one fide ; and at
the bottom, where the trachea divides, the parts again become bony,
but not much enlarged ; at the under parts of this, the two bron-
chiz take their rife: fome diverfity takes place in birds of vari-
ous ages, but not enough to caufe any miftake in regard to the
{pecies.

D'U C’K,

Anas Bofchas, Jud. Orn. ii. p. 850. 49:
Wild Duck, Gex. Syx. vi. p. 489. 43-

T has been mentioned before, that this fpecies is found common
in very many places. In India, about the neighbourhood of
Cochin, it is called Tarava*: the flefh however is almoft unfit for
food, as they chiefly live on Pilchards: on board a fhip therefore,
thefe are kept a long time on different food before they are killed.
An immenfe trade is carried on with them in the maritime towns of
India, giving employment in particular to the Chriftians, Mahometans,
and black Fews. Sir George Staunton + affirms, that the Wild Ducks
are caught by the device of empty jars or gourds put over the heads
of the divers, who wade for them upon the Wee-chaung-hoo Lake, in
the manner we have before noticed =. The windpipe of the male of
this fpecies differs from that of the female, by having a globular or
labyrinthic caviry, about three-quarters of an inch in diameter, juft
before the entrance into the lungs; for the fhape of which, fee Lin.
Tranfaé. voliv. p. 112. N° 17. tab. xiii. f. 10. whether the Hook-billed
Duck is diftin®, or a variety only of the Mailard, remains to be de-
termined; perhaps an accurate infpection and comparifon of the

trachea may determine the point.

- Anas marila, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 853.54. Male.
Anas hyberna mas, Ger. Ora. v. t. 577°
Scaup duck, Gen. Syn. vi, p, 500. 49. Male.—Lin. Tranf. vol.iv. p, 115.
pl. xiv. fi 3. 4.
Anas frenata, Muf- Carlf fafe.ii.t. 38. Femak.
Le Canard brun, P/. Ex/. 1007. Female.
Duck with a white circle of feathers round the bill, Ray’s Lesrers, p- 654
(female. )—Lewin’s Birds, 7. pl. 250 *.
T HE defcription of the male of this bird has been already
given, which is known to vary in colour moft exceedingly

® Bartolom. Voy. to the Eaft Indies, 8vo. Engl. ed.
+ Embaff. to China, ii. p. 400. 1 Gen, Syn. vi. p. 492.

353

18,
MALLARD
D

cS

19.
SCAUP
D.

DrscriptTion,

352

Doe. Cy Ka

in different ftages of life, and no doubt but fome of the males of infe-
rior plumage have been taken for females: but the true female has only
of late been precifely determined. I owe the firft hint of this to my
valued correfpondent the late Mr. Tun/ftal, but the pofitive certainty
of the circumftance to that indefatigable naturalift Mr. Boys, who was
at the pains to procure for me feveral {pecimens.

The length of the female bird is eighteen inches and three-quarters ;
from the bill to the end of the toes, twenty inches and a half; breadth
thirty-one inches ; weight thirty ounces: the bill is broad, flat, of a
pale blue, with a black knob: irides yellow: head dark brown: at
the bafe of the bill is a band of white, nearly half an inch broad,
paffing quite round the forehead, cheeks, and throat: breaft dark
brown, the feathers tipped with darker brown: back and {fca-
pulars light grey, tranfverfely waved with irregular dufky lines:
belly dirty white; vent the fame, waved with narrow dark lines:
rump and tail very dark brown; the latt very fhort, confifting of four-
teen feathers: greater quills the fame: fecondaries white, tipped with
brown ; but the ends of the greater quills are darker than the reft:
legs dufky blue : webs black. ‘The tracheal Jabyrinth in the male of
this {pecies, is placed the fame as in the MadJard; it 1s rounded on
one fide, and flat on the cther; in fhape irregular: the flat furface is
for the moft part open, except round the rim, and an wregular bony
arch croffing it from fide to fide: independent of theie, the furface is
covered with a delicate fine elaftic membrane, ftretched over the fur-
face, giving the appearance of the head of a drum: a juft idea of the
ftru@ture may be formed by infpecting the plate above referred to in

the Lin. Lran/.

Dt Wi CHK.

Anas Tadorna, Ivd. Orn. ii. p. 854. 56.—Ger. Orn. vit. 576.— Sepp. Vog. ii
p- 192. t. 9G. 109.
Shieldrake, Gen. Qe er
248.—Lin. Tranf. iv. p.
HIS bird has been fully treated of by moft authors. We have
only to add here, that the ae is to be diftinguifhed from the
other fex, by the addition of a labyrinth in the trachea at the loweft
part, and is unlike that of any hitherto mentioned, confifting of two
roundifh bladders, the one bigger than the other, of unequal furface,
and moft delicate beny texture, being of fo tender a fabric, as fearcely
to bear the preffure of the finger, without indenting in young fubjects
or breaking in old ones. For the figure, fee the Lisnean Tranfatiions
above quoted. é

5)

Be st.—ld. Sup. p. 275.—Lewin’s Birds, vii. pl.
17. pl. xv. f. 8 Q.

Anas clypeata, ind. Orn. ti. p. 856. 60.—Ger. Orn, v. t. $72. 573.—Sepp. Vog.
t. 130. 131.

Shoveler, Gen. Syn. vi. p. 509. SS ery s Birds, 7. N° 252.—Lin. Tranf- iv.
p- 109. pl. xiii. f. 4. 5.

E have nothing to add concerning this bird, further than to no-
tice the labyrinth in the trachea of the male, which confifts of
a roundith bony arch, but very fmall in proportion to the bird, as

may be feen in the plate in the Limnean Tran/attions above referred
fo.

Anas ftrepera, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 859. 69.—Ger. Orn. v. t. 574. 575+

Gadwal, Gen, Syn. vi. p. 515.—Linn. Tran/. iv. p. 111. t. 13. f. 7. 8.
"T HE windpipe of the male has a bony bladder and arch, fomewhat

like that.of the Pixtail Duck; but the globular part not quite fo
large: we may obferve too, that it adheres to the fide of the arch,
quite to the bottom, whereas in the Pintai/, it is attached to the fide of
the arch by.a {mall portion only.

Supp, II, La

353

20%

SHIELDRAKE.

DescRIPTION.

2.
SHOVELER
D.

DEscRIPTION-

22,
GADWAL
D.
DsscrirpTione

354
23.
WIGEON.

DESCRIPTION:

24.
POCHARD
D

DES€RIPTION.

25.
PINTAIL
D.

DescriPTi1ONn.

pm UChr.

Anas Penelope, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 860. 71.—-Ger. Ora. Ve te 585. 586.—Sepp.
Fog. iii. tab. 109. 110.
Common Wigcon, Gen, Syx. vi. p. §18.—Lin. Tranf. iv. p. 111. tab. xiii. f. 9.

HE only reafon for mentioning this fpecies here, is to notice the

windpipe, which at firft fight does not feem materially to differ
from that of the Pintail; the bony orb is moft perfectly globular, and
differs fomewhat in refpeét to the attachment at the fides, which may
be noticed by comparifon of one figure with another, better than by
words.

Anas ferina, Ind. Ora. ii. p. 862. 77.—Ger. Orn. v. t. 583. 584.
Pochard, Gen. Syx. vi. p. 523. 68.—Lin. Trav. iv. p. 116. pl. xiv. f. 5. 6.
HE trachea or windpipe of this bird is like that of the Scaup,
but two inches fhorter, and of nearly the fame diameter through-
out, The drum-like labyrinth is more round on the upper fide, but
croffed with a fmall bony partition, as in that bird. The bony box of
which the other portion confifts, is fcarcely elevated on this fide, and
on the other much lefs fo than in the Scaup; it likewife forms an
obtufe angle with the reft of the trachea, but in the Scaup, it does not

deviate from a continuation of a ftraight line, though forming a con-
fiderable enlargement.

Anas acuta, Ind. Orn, ii. p. 864. 81.—Ger. Ora. v.t. 581.—Sepp. Vog. t: 92. 93:
Pintail, Gen. Sym ii. p. 526. 72.—Lia, Tranf. iv. p. vi10. pl. xiii. f. 6.

THE trachea of the male of this bird ends in a bony arch, and at-
tached to it a nearly round bony bladder, about the fize of the

end of the thumb; the upper part is about even with that of the bony
arch, but the bottom greatly below it; from one of thefe one of the
cy tons arifes to pafs into the lungs, and from the other the fecond.
An

Bi Ur Cy K:

An infse€tion of the figure in the plate of the Linnean Tranfaltions,
will make further de{cription unneceflary.

Anas Clangula, Ind. Orn. it. p. 867. 87.—Ger. Orn. v. t. 593-594.

Golden Eye, Gea. Syz. vi. p. 535. 76.——Lin. Tran/. iv. p. 118. pl. xv. f. 12.
"[ HE windpipe in the male of the Golden Eye, is of a curious con-

ftruction, and the labyrinthic part different from any other, a
fingular enlargement taking place about the middle. This fwelling
or ventricofe part, confifts of divers plaits or joints placed obliquely,
not differing in texture from the other parts of it, and folding over
each other, fo as to admit of being contracted into a very fhort
compafs, or dilated to a great diftance, as the lengthening or fhorten-
ing of the neck may require. In the recent ftate, thefe rings are by
compreffion capable of being folded into a fpace of little more than
an inch, but by extending, may be made to occupy four inches or
more, and being cartilaginous, eafily recover their tone when left to
themfelves. A perfect idea may be obtained by infpecting the plate
in the Lin. Tranfaétions above referred to.

Anas Fuligula, Jud. Ora. ii. p. 869. go.

Anas Glaucia minor, Mas criftata, Ger. Oru. v. te §91. 592-

Tufted Duck, Gen. Syz. vi. p. §40.79.—Lin. Tranfciv. p. 117. Xxi.
OUas trachea of the male of this bird greatly refembles, in the drum-

like portion of it, that of the Pochard*, but the bony box-like
portion is elevated, and fcarcely to be diftinguifhed from that of the
Scaup +, except in being fmaller. The trachea alfo itfelf is of {maller
dimenfions throughout: thefe comparifons cannot fail to identify the
fpecies, if properly attended to.

* Lin. Tran/, iv. pl. xiv. f. 5. 6, + Id. pl. xiv. fi 3. 4.
Zz 2

355
26.
GOLDEN-EYE
D.

DeEscrRIpTiON.

27.
TUFTED
D.

DescripTion.

356

28.
SPARRMAN’S
D

DESCRIPTION.

PLacs.

29.
GMELIN’S
D.

DEsCRIPTION.

Place.

30.
KEKUSCHKA
D

DEsCRIPTION®

PLACE.

Dy CiiCeeK:

Anas Sparrmanni, Jd. Orz. il. p. 876. 110.
Anas alandica, Mu/. Carl. fa/c. f. iii. tab. 60.
‘HIS is twenty-three inches long: the bill and legs black: the
upper parts of the plumage varied with black, ferruginous, and
white : fcapulars black, margined with ferruginous white: breaft and
belly dirty white: tail ferruginous, fafciated with black.
Inhabits Aland, in Sweden, towards Abo.

Anas Gmelini, Ind. Orz. i. p. 876. 111.—S. G. Gmel. reife, 1. p. 70.—Id. ii.
p: 182. t. 16.
HIS is larger than a Teal: at the corners of the mouth a fpot of
white: the general colour is black: the head chefnut: the
breatt croffed with reddifh lines: belly whitith, with dufky {pots :
fides and vent fnow white: the firft four outer quills are black, but
within cinereous; from the fifth to the tenth wholly cinereous;
eleventh to nineteenth white; the twentieth, on the fore part half
white half dufky, at the hinder part cinereous; all of them tipped
with black; from the twenty-firft to twenty-fifth, as alfo the wing
coverts, wholly black: tail black.
\nhabits the Ca/pian Sea, and the neighbouring parts of the South
of Rufia.

Anas Kekufchka, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 877. 112.—S. G. Gmel. reife, iil. p. 249. t. 26.

HIS exceeds nineteen inches in length: the general colour is an

oker yellow ; the under parts white: the back afh colour: rump

and tail deep black: quills from the fifteenth to the nineteenth white
at the tips.

Inhabits the neighbourhood of the Ca/pian Sea: itis eaten by fome ;
but the flefh is faid to be rancid.

Dy Om, Conk: 357

nas Arabica, Jnd. Ora. ii. p. 877. 113. gi
res Scharchir, For/e. Pane p- . 7s Bach ie
THE bill is yellow, with the middle part black: the body fpotted Descaiprion.
with grey : beneath and on the rump whitifh, with cinereous {pots :
fpeculum or wing-fpot dufky, banded before and behind with white :
legs yellowifh afh colour.
Inhabits 4radia. Pace.

Anas Alexandrina, Ind. Orn, ii. p. 877. 114.

32.
—— Sau Sarai, For/e. Faun. Arab. p. 3. 8. NE Ne

N this, the bill and vent are black: the neck afh colour, marked: Descrirrion.
with black crefcents: belly white: legs yellow afh colour.

Inhabits Alexandria. Puiacz.
22.
Anas Gattair, Zid. Orn. ii. p. 877. 115:—Forfe. Faun. Arab, p. 3. 10. GATTAIR
D

ILL brown: plumage brown: wings black ; beneath white, mar- Description.
gined with brown: the quills from the fourth to the twentieth

white in the middle: belly and tail coyerts white: legs blueifh afh

colour.

Inhabits Alexandria. Pack.
Gees Fda, Or. 3is ps 8970 11Ge—Farff., Fadns Arabi p. 3. vs 34°
Anas Sirfeir, Ind. Ora. ii. p. 877. 116.—Forfk. Faun. Arab, p. 3. 11 SIRS EIR

é : 1D}.
ILL lead colour; beneath yellow: chin white: crown brown: Dsscrirrion.

back brown, the feathers whitifh on the margins: bel!y whitifh
fpeculum of the wings divided obliquely, above filky green, beneath
black; before and behind white: legs grey.
Inhabits Arabia. Pantce:

“358
35:
HAWKSGURY

IDS

DeEscrIPTiON.

IF NONTISPIEGE.

PLACE»

DS PC i.

LENGTH twenty-two inches; fize of a Wigeon: bill ‘rather
fhorter than in that bird, colour black: head and neck choco-

Jate brown; at the back part of the nape, the feathers are much
lengthened, fomewhat paler, and black at the ends: the upper part
of the back and wing coverts brownilh afh colour, the laft palett:
the lower part of the back, rump, tail, and middle of the belly, vent,
under tail coverts, and quills, are black; but the fides of the breatt
and belly under the wings are grey, crofied with minute unduiatc 4
lines: fpeculum of the wing green, bounded on each fide with »
but beneath the white is broader than above: the outer wels 01 ‘he
fcapulars are black: but the moft diftinguifhing charaéter is, that
the feathers of the breaft have the ends of a pale Silvery grey, and
on €ich fide of the grey a fpot of blackith, giving that part an undu-
lated appearance, fpotted with black: the wings when clofed do not
reach quite to the end of the tail: the Ic

The female differs in having the vent white inftead of black, and
the green fpeculum on the wi a

OS are Drown.

maller and lets confpicuous,

Inhabits New South Wales ; ivccuently rnet with about Lawkbury
River, and now and then ob{crvec perched on trees.

The male is now in my own collection, but among the drawings
of Mr. Lambert, 1 ooferve fome variety, for the elongated feathers
at the nape take up much more {pace in fome than in others: the
head and neck too in fome are fine rufous, not unlike thofe parts in the
Pochard : from the lower part of the breaft to the middle of the belly
ath colour, beautifully marked with curved lines of brown: on the
back four or five irregular large patches of black: legs black.

BU C K.

HE length of this bird is about nineteen or twenty inches; and is

nearly the fize of our Duck : the bill is large, growing broader at
the end, which part is foft and membranous; colour black: irides
blue: the upper part of the head, a large patch round the eye, and
the back part of the neck, dufky: back and wings ferruginous brown:
above and behind the eye a ferruginous ftreak: fome of the inner
feathers of the wings have very pale tips, as well as the lower part of
the rump, and acrofs the tail: the under parts from the noftrils, fides
and front of the neck, and all beneath the body, dirty white, tranf-
verfely mottled with grey ; towards the vent, and the fides under the
wings, nearly black.

Inhabits New South Wales ; but is rare: the native name is Wrongi,
A bird with a bill of a fimilar foft texture is found at New Zealand* ;
but as the colours of the plumage do not by any means correfpond, I
dare not venture to fay they are allied to each other.

HIS fpecies is about eighteen or nineteen inches in length, and
refembles in colour the Biue-winged Shoveler, but the plumage

is in general darker, and is deftirute of the white crefcent obferved’

behind the eye of the ma/z of that bird: the bill is full as large as in
the Shoveler: the vent is black, with many mottlings of black conti-
guous thereto: legs pale flefh colour. The female faid to differ in
not having the vent black; in other things both fexes fufficiently,
agree,

%. Soft-billed Duck, Gew. Syx. p. 522, 67.
Inhabits

359°

36.
NEW
HOLLAND
D

DescriPrion.

Prack.

She ls
NEW
HOLLAND
SHOVELER..

DeEscriprion,

GARGANEY
iD)

DESCRIPTION.

39°
THKAL,

DrEscRiPT10y.

DP Oia Crass,

Inhabits New Holland: was fhot at Beteny Bay, in May,
sears to aeree in fo_many thines with the Blwe-wineed Shoveler, that
Pp te) oS & 3

£ ap-
with many it might pafs for a variety only of that bird.

Anas Querquedula, Ind, Orn. i. p. 872. 99.—Ger. Orn. v.t. 595.
Anas Circia, Sepp. Vog. 2. tab. 94. G5.
Garganey, Gea. Syn. vi. p. 550. 87.—Lin. Tran/. iv. p. 108, pl. xiii. f. 2. 3.

HIS bird, though no more than three inches longer than the
Teal, hasthe bony labyrinth of the windpipe comparatively of a
much larger fize: it is nearly oval in fhape, of the fize of the finger’s
end, and appears in one view as a continuation of the end of the tra-
chea, but a trifle flatted on one fide, to admit of the infertion of
the ufual mufcles: at the upper part, on the fide next the breatft, it is

alfo flatted, and from thence the two bronchiz have their origin.

Anas Crecca, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 872. 100.—Ger. Orz. t. 598.
Teal, Gen. Syn, vi. ps 551. 88.—Lin. Tran. iv. p. 108. pl. xii. f. 1.
HE male of this bird has not only a fmall windpipe in proportion
to the fize of its body, but it has alfo a very fmall labyrinth,
being fcarcely bigger than a pea. Nothing more needs here be added:
a bare infpection of the figure in the plate of the Liznaan Tranfattions,
will explain every thing neceflary.

Pa EEN aG a. TM:

Genus XCVII. PENGUIN.

N?’ 1. Chiloe P. N° 2. Three-toed P.

Aptenodytes Chiloenfis, Ind. Orn. il. p. 881. 10.
Diomedea Chiloenfis, Molin. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 219.
"THIS is about the fize of a Duck: the body not unlike that of
other Penguins in fhape, and covered with a kind of afh coloured
down, which is of fo fine a texture, as to be made great ufe of by
the natives, for it is capable of being {pun into threads, and made
into garments, which are greatly valued.
This is found in the Archipelago of Chilce, and is a very common
fpecies : the native name of this bird is Quethu.

Aptenodytes Molin, Id. Oru. ii. p. 881. 11.

Diomedea Chilenfis, Molin. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 217,
SIZE of the laft; but the neck larger, and the head comprefied at

the fides, and {mall in proportion: bill flender, a little bent to-

wards the point: the feathers on the upper parts of the body are blue,
changing into grey, according to the licht; thofe of the breaft and
belly white: the tail not diftinguifhable, being a mere elongation of
the feathers of the rump: legs furnifhed with three toes only, and
placed almoft in the vent, as in others of this tribe.

Inhabits Chili; but the flefh is not efteemed there: it lays five or
fix white eggs, {potted with black, on the fand: the fkin is faid to fe-
parate eafily from the body, and perhaps, as the plumage confifts of
fine hair rather than feathers, might be made ufe of for coverings.
The natives give it the name of the Jnfant, from its manner. of walk-
ing, its gait being unfteady like that of a child.

Supp. II. 3A

361

k 1. :
CHILOE
1
DescerrtTion.

Praes.

2.
THREE-TOED
Ie

DescRiIPTioN,

Puacs.

us
ON
t2

i.
WHITE
ie

DeEscRIPTION.

PBs) Ce) ACNE

GEN U's | NC DO Pr iT CARN,

N° 1. White P. N° 3.. Chinefe C,
2. Corvorant. 4. Gannet.

Pelecanus Onocrotalus, Ind. Ora. ii. p. 575. 1.—Ger. Orn. v. t. 499.

Great White Pelican, Gen. Sya. vi. p. 575. I.

FE have elfewhere mentioned doubts, whether the various co=

loured Pelicans of the eaftern and fouthern oceans were truly
diftin&, mere varieties of each other, fexual differences, or arifing
from age only. In Lady Jmpey’s drawings, is the figure of one met
with in Jadia, with the-head white, fpeckled with black : wing coverts
reddifh brown: prime quills and tail dufky: breaft and belly white,
marked with great fpots of pale yellow: legs whitifh, ‘This fame
bird, in Mr. Middleton’s drawings, is named Gungunneer. I obferved
alfo among the drawings of Mr. Bruce, one fimilar, by the name of
Gunguunah: the general colour of this was white: belly even with
the thighs; the thighs themfelves, and vent black ; wings black and
white fpoited: bill pale red, much hooked at the tip of the upper
mandible: irides red: legs black.

The New Holland one is feven feet from the tip of one wing to that
of the other: the bill yellow: round the eye bare and yellow; but -
between the bill and eye feathered: the plumage in general is white:
the beginning of the back, and all the quills black: legs blue.

It is called by the natives Karrangaba. I muft not omit to mention
the beautiful foft down which lies immediately under the feathers of
this fpecies, Mr, Barrow* notices the circumftance in refpect to the

© Travels in South Africa, p-72% :
Pelisans

PEO LOT Me.) Aone

Pelicaus of the Cape of Good Hope; and we have heard it remarked,
that this down is at leaft equal, if mot fuperior to that of the Swan.

Pelecanus Carbo, Jed. Orn. ii. p. 886. 14.
Phalacrocorax, Ger. Orz. v. t. 501.
Corverant, Gez. Syn. Vi. D. 593. 13-
OTH the Corvorant and Shag are frequent at Lougharu, and eels are
fuppofed to be their chief food; but the Sea Geby has alfo been
taken from their ftomach, hence it may be ~fuppofed, that they
prey at times on Fi/h alfo*. It is no uncommon thing to fee twenty
of thefe birds together on the fand, by the river fide, with extended
wings, drying themfelves in the wind, and in this pofition to remain
fometimes for near an hour, without once clofing them; and as foon
as they are fufficiently dry, to enable the feathers to imbibe the oil,
they prefs a portion thereof from the receptacle on their rumps, and
drefs the feathers with it; and it is only in one particular ftate that
the oily matter can be fpread thereon, by no means when quite dry,
but in a ftate of dampnefs, and Bus proper moment known to the
birds by inftiné alone.

It has been obferved, that the Corverant builds at Ramf. 2y Tland, in
the higheft cliffs and moft inacceffible places; the Shag much lower,
and is by much the more familiar bird of the two. Inftances have
been noticed, of the Corvorant not being eafily frightened from any
place on which it perches ; in addition to which, I have been credibly
informed, that the end of Fuly 1793, one of them was found fitting on
the vane of St. Magdalen’s Church fteeple, on Ludgate Hill, in London,
and was fhot from thence in the prefence of a number of people +.

= Colonel Montagu.

+ A further defcription of the manners bfthe Corworane may be feer, well drawn

up, in Gilpin’s Remarks on Foreft Scenery, z vols. 8vo, 1791.

3A 2

CORVORANT.

Description.

364

3.
CHINESE.
C.

DescrIprTion.

PAE ee Gara GN:

Louwa, Ogslly. Chin. pl. in p. 92.—lad. pl. p. 699.

Loufoo, Da Hald. Chin. vi. it, 142. pl.in p. 10z.—Ofbeck. Voy. it. po 35%

Leu-tze, Emb. to China, ui. p. 358, 412. pl. 72. ¢

AUCH has been faid heretofore concerning the bird ufed by the

Chinefe for fifhing: we were led to think, from what Linnaeus
had been informed, that at leaft one of the fexes was white, but we-
owe to Sir George Staunton, the intire development of the true fpe-
cies, not only by his obfervation on the mode whilft in Chine, but
by having brought home various fpecimens for examination, from
whence it appears that the bird is ftrictly neither a Corvorant nor

‘Shag, though approaching thereto, but a diftinét fpecies: the bill is

yellow: irides blue: the general colour of the plumage brownifh
black: chin white: the body whitifh beneath, fpotted with brown:
tail rounded, confifting of twelve feathers.

In the journey to Hax-choo-foo, on the river Luen, fir George ob-
ferved, on a large lake clofe to this part of the canal, and to the
eaftward of it, thoufands of fmall boats and rafts, built entirely for
this fpecies of fifhery; on each boat or raft were ten or twelve birds,.
which at a fignal from the owner plunge into the water, and it is afto-
nifhing to fee the enormous fize of fith with which they return grafped
in their bills. They appeared to be fo well trained, that it did not
require either ring or cord about their throats, to prevent them from.
{wallowing any portion of their prey, except what the mafter was
pleafed to return to them for encouragement and food. The boat
ufed by thefe fifhermen is of a remarkably light make, and 1s often
carried to the lake, together with the fifhing birds, by the men who
are there to be fupported by it*.

© See vignette in Zmb, so Céing, il. p. 389. at the bottom.

PWR eL Cy AY oN,

Pelecanus Baffanus, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 891. 26.—-Ger. Orn. Vv. t. 515,
Gannet, Gen. Syn. vi. p» 608. 25.——Tour in Scott. 1769, pl. inp. 199.
T has been obferved, that when thefe birds pafs from place ta
place, which they are fomctimes obferved to do in flocks, from
five to fifteen each, they keep low, near the fhore, but never pafs
ever the land, on the contrary, doubling the capes and projecting
parts, keeping at.nearly the fame diftance. It has been before men-
tioned, that at Saint Kilda, the inhabitants hold them in much eftima-
tion. Mr. Pennant fays, that the natives tie a herring toa board, and
fet it afloat, fo that the Gawwet, by falling furioufly upon it, may break
its neck in the attempt, This, however, appears to be unlawful, for
the fattening herrings thus to planks at fea, to catch the Soland Goof,
is forbidden under a fevere penalty. It is an unfatiably voracious bird,
difdaining to eat any thing worfe than Herrings or Mackarel, unlefs it
be in a very hungry place, which it endeavours to avoid or abandon:
an hundred thoufand of them are fuppofed to be round the rocks

of Saint Kilda, which is far too moderate, as 20,000 of them are _

killed annually for food, including the young ones ; and we {hall fup-
pofe that the So/and Goofe fojourns in thefe feas for about feven
months of the year, and that each of them deftroys five herrings in a
day, a fubfiftence by no means adequate to fo greedy a creature, un-
lefs more than half fupported by other fifh. Here we have 105,c00,000
of the fineft fifhes in the world devoured annually by one fingle fpecies
of Saint Kilda birds *.

The Gannet, before it gains its white plumage, is brown, moft
beautifully fpotted all over with white; one of thefe was taken alive
near me in September 1798: it weighed three pounds and a quarter;
length three feet ; breadth fix feet: irides blueifh grey. It was on the
whole fo exactly like the bird reprefented in pl. 986 of the P/, Ea-
tuminées, as to render any further defcription unneceffary.

© See Buchanan’s View of the Fithery of Great Britain.

365

4.
GANNET.

DescriPTion.

TROPIC
B.

PLACE.

2 ROMP TRB Tt Ron,

Ginus Co TRIOPTC BIRD:

IN our Syaopfis, we have mentioned three fpecies of this genus, with

their varieties, but 1 fufpect that there is at leaft one more fpecies,
having been fhewn a long tail of a Tropic Bird, the fhaft of which is
black, and the web buff colour: it is about the fize of the common
one, but much fuller webbed, and does not end in a point, as is the
ufual manner.

Tt was faid to come from fome part of the Sovth Sea, but the place
uncertain.

Die Ter ee

Gexos Clo (AIR ERS

Plotus anhinga, Ind, Orz. ii. p. 895. 1-
Colymbus colubrinus, Snake Bird, Bartr. Trav.. 130. 243.
White-bellied Darter, Gen. Syz. vi. p. 622, 1,

[R. Abbot, of Georgia, feems to think that this bird ftays through-
out the year in his neighbourhood, having feen it at times
the whole of the winter. :

Mr. Bartram, after defcribing the bird, adds, that they have a way
of fpreading out the tail like an unfurled fan: they delight to fit in
little peaceable communities, on the dry limbs of trees, hanging over
the ftill waters, with the wings and tail expanded, and when approach-
ed, they drop off the limb into the water as if dead, and for a minute
or two are not feen, when on a fudden, at a yaft diftance, their lone
flender heads and necks only appear, and have much the appearance
of Suakes, as no other part of them is to be feen when fwimming in
the water, except fometimes the tip of their tail; in the heat of the
day, they are feen in great numbers, failing very high in the air, over
lakes and rivers,

367

WHITE-
BELLI£D
D,

368

CHINA
oO.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

UNDULATED
O

DescriPTioNn.

PLACE.

AL SOD ID Gis AS OB: Ss

Genus II.° O W UL.
J_ENGTH feventeen inches: bill dufky black : the head is {mooth;

the face pale, with dufky markings; the feathers furrounding it
margined with dufky: the general colour of the upper parts of the
plumage is ferruginous chefnut, with dufky markings, but at the back
part of the head and neck, with black and white irregular fpots: the
quills and tail powdered with darker chefnut dots, and croffed with
bars of the fame, at half an inch diftance: the chim and throat are
white; the reft of the under parts of the body and thichs are white
alfo, but croffed with numerous fine dufky lines: legs feathered to the
toes, and of the fame colour; claws dufky.
Inhabits China: for this, and many of the following, I am indebted
to General Davies.

ENGTAH twelve inches: general colour on the upper parts like
that of the Brown Owl; but moft of the wing coverts and leffer
quills are marked at the ends with white: the whole head and throat
are of one colour, but from thence to the vent each feather is mar=
gined with white, giving an undulated appearance: the bill is large, _
ftrong, of a blueith lead colour, befet with ftiff briftles at the bafe:
legs yellow; toes bare of feathers ; claws black.
Inhabits Norfolk [land.

PLCXL.

iy

Wis i :

Publish as die Act directs, Alay 70.1801, by Leigh. Secheby be Son ¥or'le Strcet, Covent Gavaler .

Piva ROR JOredls

Genius V.0 P ARR OLE:

ENGTH eighteen inches: bill large, blue, with a black point:
general colour of the plumage dark green, under parts paler:
forehead and middle of the crown crimfon: quills deep blue: tail
Jong, dufky, greenith brown above, brown beneath: legs brown.
Found at Port Fack/fon. \t appears moft to coincide with the Var.
A. of the Pacific Parrot, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 253. 56. A. but feems to be
of nearly twice the fize.

IZE of the Grey Parrot; length thirteen inches: general colour
dufky, with a flight glofs of green, and the margins of the fea-
thers very pale: the head feathers are full, and the bird thereby en-
abled to erect them as a creft at will; the whole of thefe are a deep
fcarlet, except the chin, which is dufky: the under parts of the body
are paler than the upper, and undulated with a mixture of reddifh
and green, arifing from the margins ofithe feathers being of that co-
lour, but not very confpicuous, except juft at the bottom of the belly,
where the red predominates: the quills and tail are plain dufky, but
appear fomewhat undulated with darker in a ftrong light: the bill is
yellowifh: legs dufky: the tail is fhort; the wings reach three parts
thereon.
Another, fuppofed to be the female, was fifteen inches in length; on
the upper parts much like the other, but the feathers more confpicu-
oufly barred with a pale colour, more particularly the quills and tail,
in which laft the bars are fix or feven in number: the head is tufted
with feathers as in the other, but the feathers the fame colour as the
back: the chin dufky green: breaft and belly barred acrofs beauti-
Supp. I]. ~ nh, i412 B fully

369

RED-TOPPED
Pe

DEscriPTION:

Prac.

RED-
CROWNED
P.

DescripTion.

37°

PLAGE,

—

HELMET

HORNBILL..

DESCRIPTION.

HORNBILE.

falty with red, yellow, and brown, growing more dull towards the
vent.

Befides the above, I faw another at Mr. Tbomp/on’s, in which only
part of the head had the red creft, feemingly an intermediate ftate be-
tween the former two, and may be fuppofed a young bird not yet in
adult plumage.

Thefe inhabit New South Wales

Grnes Ee avo BR NOE LLL.

Buceros galeatus, Zzd. Orz. i. p. 142. 2.

Helmet Hornbill, Gex. Syn. i. p. 343. 2.
S the bill in this bird has been before defcribed at large, it is ne=
ceffary here only to fay, that it is about eight inches long, and
has a prodigious fquare callofity, rifing three inches and a half in
height above the bafe of the upper mandible, projecting over the

_ eyes*. ‘The plumage on the head, breaft, back,. and wings, is black;

belly, thighs, and vent, white: the tail is long, cuneiform in fhape,
and white, with a broad bar of black near the end of each feather.
The total length of the bird is four feet, of which the tail meafures
two, for the two middle feathers occupy that fpace, the two next on
each fide are twenty-one inches, and the three outer ones one foot:
the wings reach about three inches on the tail: the legs are flout,
{caly, and black.
A pretty complete fpecimen of this bird is in the Britifh Mu/eum.

® Good figures of it may be feen in Edavards, pl. 281, CPi. Exl, 933>

© R.O°Wais-R O LEbsEeR.

Buceros plicatus, Jzd. Ore. i. p. 146. 12.

Calao of the Ifland of Waigiou, D’Eutrecaft. Vey. (Engl. ed. 8vo.) ii. p. 304.

Weed Hornbill, Lath, Syn, i. p. 358.——La. Supp. p. 76.
BY the defcription given in the above voyage, it will be found ta

tally not unaptly with that given by Dampier. The bill is faid to

be arched, of a dirty white, each mandible unequally indented; the
upper one furmounted by a fort of yellowifh creft, which is fattened
and grooved: the wings and body are black; the tail is white; and if
we may judge by the figure, fhort, and even at the end: the neck of
a pretty bright rufous colour.

Genus XIII. CR OW.

ENGTH ten inches: bill and legs black: upper parts of the

plumage in general, from the crown to the tail coverts, as well as

the wings, fine pale blue grey: the face, to beyond the eyes, chin,

throat, and breaft, full black; all from thence beneath, thighs and

vent, pure white; the outer edge of the wing and quills black, edged
with white: tail black.

Inhabits Port Fack/on. It has much affinity to the Black-faced
Crow”; but the black proceeds as far as the breaft, not finifhing on
the feet and the under parts are not of fo pure a white as in the
one here defcribed ; however, we cannot be pofitive that it may be
only a variety.

Genus XIV. ROLLER.
JLENGTH nine inches: bill and legs red: head and neck chef
nut; chin and throat, down the middle, black, bounded on each

* Supp. ii. p. 116. 19. ;
3B 2 j fide

37

WREATHED
HORNBILE.

DESCRIPTION.

BLACK-
BREASTED
- CR.

DEsCRIP TION.

Prace.

ie er

Her Erion.

PLACE.

GORGET
W.

DESCRIPTION.

PLACE.

AZURE
K

DESCRIPTION.

PLacE.

BLUE-FACED
CR.

DEsCRIPTICNe

~WOODPECKER. KINGSFISHER, CREEPER.

fide with a line of white: the lower part of the neck from the chefnut
changes to green, and from thence all beneath is paler green: wings
fine blue; bafe of the quills white, forming a {pot of white when
expanded: rump and tail coverts green; tail itfelf, and ends of the
quills, dufky blue black.
Inhabits Port Fack/on.
XXII.

GENUS WOODPECKER.

_ENGTH about nine inches: bill pale horn colour: head, neck,
and upper parts deep cinnamon or chefnut, growing very pale
on the rump: back and wings marked with numerous curved tranf-
verfe black crefcents ; acrofs the breaft a large black crefcent; from
thence to the vent pale dufky rufous, fpotted with black: rump and
vent paler than the reft, marked with black : tail feathers black,
Anhabits Queen Charlotte's Sound: it comes neareft in colour to the
Rufous Woodpecker, but is a larger bird, and moft probably is a dittinct
fpecies.

~

Genus XXIV. KINGSFISHER.

_ENGTH ix inches and a half; fize of the European fpecies:
bill an inch and three-quarters long, and black: the plumage on
the upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, is of a fine deep blue:
between the bill and eye a buff coloured ftreak : on each fide of the
neck, a long oblique ftreak of white; all the under parts of the body,
from chin to vent, deep buff colour: quills brown: legs red.
Inhabits Norfolk Mand,

Gees XXX CR EE PE R

ENGTH five inches: bill three quarters of an inch, black : ge-
neral colour of the plumage dufky, nearly black on the under
eee parts,

T HO - RE, Sn.

parts, but on the crown of the head and the back brown: quills and
* tail wholly dufky black: the face, all round the bill, and the chin
and rump, are fine blue: legs dufky black.

Inhabits 4frica. Detcribed from a fpecimen found preferved in the
collection of the late Mr. Bailey, of the Hay Market.

Guvus XXXL Cree Ro SEL

JUENGTH feven inches and a half: bill and legs yellow: general

colour of the plumage dufky or purplith black : head and neck
pale afh colour: one fuppofed to be the hen, thas the head and neck
_ ofa darker afh colour, and the reft of the plumage fomewhat paler,
otherwife not unlike.

inhabits Norfolk [iand.

ENGTH feven inches and a half; fize of the Black-eyed Thrujb:
top of the head above the eyes, and nape, fine blue grey: chin,
fore part of the neck and breaft, black: behind the eye a large white
patch: the lower part of the neck, the back, wings, and tail, fine pale
green: belly, thighs, and vent yellow : bill and legs black.
This inhabits the fame parts as the Black-eyed Thrufh, and is fup-
pofed by fome to be the othef {ex of that bird.

ENGTH feven inches and a half: head, neck, back, wings, and
tail, black: a large patch of white on the lower coverts or fe-
condary quills: the under parts of the body from the breaft white :
over the eyes a long ftreak of white, like an eye-brow: thighs black,
dotted with white: wings when clofed reach half way on the tail:
bill and legs black.

Bound at Port Fackfon: defcribed from a drawing made from a
fpecimen

373

Piacs,

ASH-HEADED
THR.

DeEscRIpTion.

Puack.

WHITE-EARED
THR.

DESCRIFTION.

Prace.

_ WHITE-
BROWED
THR.
DeEscriPTion.

PLACE.

374

COCHIN
FL,

DiscrrPTioNn.

PLACE.

GOLD-
BREASTED
M

DescriPpTION,

PLACE.

WORFOLE
P.

DESCRIPTION.

FLYCATCHER. MANAKIN. PIGEON.

fpecimen brought from-thence by Governor King: in appearance it
moft refembles the Re/fle/s Thrufh, N° 11.5 but in this laft, the white,
trace over the eye, and white patch on the wing, are both wanting.

Genus XL. FLYCATCHER.

LENGTH four inches and three quarters: bill dufky, with feve-

ral hairs at the gape: crown above the eye, nape, hind neck,
back, and wings, olive brown, darker on the forehead; all beneath,
level with the eye, to the vent, pale rufous; very light about the
throat and neck: quills dufky: at'the outer edge of the wing a white
{pot : tail brown, but paler than the back, and greatly cuneiform; the
middle feathers being two inches long, the outer ones five eighths of
an inch; the three outer feathers are white at the ends, with a crefcent
of black juft within the white: legs pale red.

Inhabits Cochin China.

Genus XLIV. MANAKIN.

ENGT H four inches: bill pale: head, neck, breaft, back, wings,
and tail, deep blue black; acrofs the breaft a band of fine yellow,
curved upwards on each fide of the neck; from thence, the belly,
thighs, and vent, are deep ferruginous: legs pale ath colour.
Inhabits Brazil.

Genus XLVI. PIGEON

LE N G TH fourteen inches: head and neck, as far as the breaft,
white; from the laft to the vent black: quills black: back and
wings deep dufky purple, with a few darker-markings: tail dull pur-

ple, with the inner webs of the feathers dufky : bill black: legs red.
4 : With

GV ATEPE TN" UF Lk

With this was another, faid to differ only in fex. Init, the head,
neck, and breaft were ferruginous: back and wings green: quills
dufky : belly, thighs, rump, and vent, brownifh purple: the two
middle tail feathers ferruginous, the reft pale brownifh purple: bill
and legs as in the other.

Inhabits Norfolk Ifland.

LENGT H twenty inches: bill deep red; towards the tip yellow:
irides crimfon: head and fore part of the neck, as far as the

breaft, fine glofiy deep green; towards the breaft paler: fhoulders

deep chocoute red, or chefnut; behind the neck gloffed with copper :

the lower part of the back, the wings, and tail, pale blue: quills within

_ dufky: breaft, belly, and vent, white: legs red.

Inhabits Norfolk Ifland.

ENGTH eight inches: head, neck, and breaft, pale grey:

belly, thighs, and vent, white: back and wings light fandy brown:
wing coverts marked with white fpots: quills deep brownifh grey:
tail cuneiform in fhape; the two middle feathers three inches and a
half long, the outer, one inch and a quarter ; the end half of all but
the two middle ones white.

Inhabits New South Wales.

Genus LXXX, GALLINULE.

ILL red and large, as in the Purple Gallinule, and rifing. on the
forehead: head and neck blue grey, growing to azure towards
the chin: back purple: wings and tail deep indigo: breaft and belly
verditer green: vent white : tail indigo: legs fcarlet.
Draven from one in Exeter Exchange, by General Davies.

Another, -

3758

PLAce,
CHESNUT-
SHOULDERED
ie

DESCRIPTIONs

Pracg,
GREY-NECKED
P

DEscriPTiION>

Pracg:.

GREY-
HEADED:
G .

°
DEscriPpTion.

976

GALLINULE.
Another, faid to come from Madagafcar: bill the fame, but not

coming fo high on the forehead: head and neck pale grey: back deep _

green and black intermixed: chin, breaft, and fhoulders of wings,
verditer green: belly and fides blue: vent ultramarine: legs and
bare part of the thighs fcarlet. Thefe feem to be varieties only of each
other, if not of a different fex.

INDEX.

A.
ASS Vogel -

Abba Gumba
Acoli - -
Aigle, blagre -

— blanchard -
— de Gottingue
-= de la Guiane
— de Pondicherry
== deftrufteur

= ecaude -

= grande de la Guiane

— gritard

=< huppard
—= moyen

== nonette

= yautourin
— vocifer
Alauda arvenfis
= Bengalenfis
= Coromanda
— gigantea
== obfcura

=— Gorenfis ~ -

Geta et: Teongee eee cee 8

=~ Nove Zelandiz

= pantherana -
— Yeltonienfis
Alouette pipi
Ampelis criftata
—_— cuprea

-— garrulus
— lutea

Anas alandica
=~ albicans

we acuta -«

Surry. II.

Vi Yan Pa Ws 1s Le ot |

4 ’ 0 ‘ iT 4 iPod t

emia i) “OS he (Veet ia Tei Be leet Mined ee Yo aie Rte 7}

U0: 10's Dee Qt el Ch ek et a eet et eae rail Feat Hirt J"oee! Jeccat Fam Joo) Lae Jet mel Jom feat ree | oka We) aoa peer |

CO i cele = aD TT a oraal tL tessa Weta Dost: St Yona Foca Fi Wee lel Jive Heal Ct Pent Yat Yok feet tena t jae eet Dear)

Anas Alexandrina
— Anfer
Arabica
atrata
Bofchas
cerulefcens
Circia
Clangula
clypeata
Cofcoroba
Crecca
Cygnus
ferina
frenata ~
Fuligula
-fufca
Gattair
Glaucion
Gmelini
hyberna, Mas
Hybrida ss -
Indica ~
Kekufchka -
marila -
melancorypha
Monacha -
mofchata -
nigricollis -

ae ee Jee Yee Von oom VSI ae MEST Vig let jue Waal Uiek Dea fener Joteet |

Olor -
Penelope
Querquedula
Sau Sarai -
Scharchir =
Sirfeir -
Sparrmanni -
aS

REEEREREET EERE EREIRIREP Ptr REE

C= fh a Pe Ci Qe "0. SC a Car Ek il Stet) ak Le Tin CAD) Sree et mere er pete cls ite (yest Wey than

{ CVE Tis Vir = oC re aed Beal a isl ft Jel al sal Leet Vocal Leet ot Vent Mant Nem Jol Paani Val Sean )-of Yea Tamed et at saat 1

(YSN roent WR Saat Facet Bees bd "cal SUNT Wl Yana Wea Ma Yat Vine’ Pie ye] Yateley Pac Rl Yara Poet Jat Viral Yorwal bday Vink fecal Yoel Laat bosteh

Anas ftrepera-
—regia - -
— Tadorna =~
— torrida -
Ani - -

Aptenodytes Chiloentis

— Molinz -
Ardea Antigone
Caledonica
Canadenfis
cinerea
comata -
cyanocephala
erythrocephala
fufca -
Galatea =
minuta -
N. Hollandiz
ob{cura -
ftellaris -
Thula ~
torquata -
variegata s
Virgo -

' ob bs 0

PaaS Epis ee

Arrian geyer
Afilus -
Asfour Dsjebali -
Afimoch - -
Avis a Corarao -
Autour = <
= de Ja Guiane

— de Mauduit - |

Bacha -
Bachbakiri
Balgonera
Bana will will
Barbet, Gerini’s
Barge, grande
Baftardnachtigale
Bateleur - -
Baumfalke - 4
Baya -

G 0-0 Dat 5

Bee-cater, black and yellow

Chast Lepad eee eal Desa Soret Nene Pere esl eee I

OO 7 OO th

tod Pest BY heed Sie Feed Joo ed J

353

loN DD 4E Xt.

Page
Bee-eater, black-eared

— blue-cheeked
— blue-green -
chattering -
cowled
Ealtern
European
gold-winged
hooded =
knob-fronted
red-throated
red-winged -
fuperb -
variegated ~
wattled -
white-fronted
yellow-tufted
Beef-eater -

fetaleverer tet tee tl

Bengali a front pointill

— myftacin -
Berbera - =
Berghaan < 2
Bir-reagel - -
Bittern = =
— little - -
Blac - -
Blagre -
Blanchard =
Boaddang -
Bolbol =
Boobook -

Boora morang
Boubou - -

Bouvreuil d’?Hudfon.

— prafin - -
Branta albifrons -
— torrida -
Brubra -
Buceros Be aiciens
— galeatus -
— Indian

— plicatus
Bucco Gerini
Buphaga-
Bunting, Baden
= Cirl o

eo 8 » 8 8

2
=
=

hy UU Sth 1

FET Yororsl Jorset Pres eae Visa esoet Viren loreal Serent deeced Watts Weil boost Io b( Yes foc bree econ Desai ml Jeter Jinan tia Hoan dace J

Closet ee Noss Pec feel Totck Samet peso Mead med er cre See eee Ye Jeeant seed ee feat ete Dd Fed Joes sted |

(AK Wincal rsrt Jet, Wiest Fase! Doon Focal Foot Jaccs( feted foveet Jose Bee) Sueurl Jaen puecn( peeul feta Saeed J

Page
153
194
15z
154
155
152
148
153
152
151
157
149
152
155
150
156.
149
102
197

ib.
193
22
263
300
30
28
34
20
216
7
64,
IE
180
19z
195.
349,
ib.
78
99
370°
100
371
132
102
200
199
Bunting,

Peery | 2S fen eet bd de | sed Sonal Vm York mse ete Vostr| Jlsee| bares Dies Parl Komal ise 3

[ei Tet fete) Jamo Event feet Patent |

i] > © o 8 8 9 6 @ 1 1 too ‘ '

Bsntiag, coloured

= crimfon-bellied

— )Dauurian
— dwarf
— foolifh
— luteous
=— painted
e=— ruddy
— roftic

— varied

— yellow-browed
—- - - winged

Burril :
Bufard efclavon
e— roux =

— grenouillard
Bufe_gantée

= Jackal

— tacharde
Buferay -
Bufon =
Buftard, Arabian
— Chili

Buzzard, American

= hobby
— honey -
Buzzaret -

Caffre 2
Cage =

Cajao of Waigiou ;
Calidris viperino coloris

Canard, royal
Canaribyter_

«<

bok ORE seers

RD eit athe: te 8

«

Caprimulgus Afiaticus «

= macrodipterus

~~ Nova Hollandiz -

(Caffowary bird

—~ New Holland

_ =o Southern
Cart bird

Cedar bird

Cercoplis

gs Ae

t} OP Aes de ds te a oo 8 4

CN DUE xX

Chey Vie amet Weer eesti Jot ) LEE Jerk Teaiae SR ead Yossi Pr) Je" Flee Wiese Jams er pe Vac PORT (PORT Femi Posey nn |

Page
202
200
202
201
200
203
201

ib.

Certhia 2nea <
afra - z
armillata =
Afiatica -
bifafciata -
cinerea -
Cruentata <«
erythronotos

falva = -
gularis -
ignobilis =
incana =

Nove Hollandiz
peregrina -
polita -
prafinoptera
trochilea -
— undulata S
Channel-bill -
Chantre - =

HAE EI are

Charadrius Alexandrinus

— calidris =
= Curonicus -
— Falklandicus
== Nevius -
— Sibiricus <-
Chaffe-fiente -
Chatterer, Carolina

— crefted -
— cupreous =
— yellow .
Chagoun ~

Chevalier commun
Chevechette -

Cheugue - -
Chicquera -
Chili . =
Chincou - =
Chinka - .
Choucas commun
Choucon - -
Choucouheou -
Chouee - =
Choueite 4 aigrettes
— a collier a

=— A mafque noir
3C2

Ch STi HO Fe, ST pM REST VISTI ss ar Feit ar nt fied reed foe

ib: F

iT

a Foe Ore |

Fen ay Poet area deel Wie fel Yoel Srna

ib)
mee
low
°

Cetra rs al
Ww

ss BTS YT Tonal Fase ig ett eet hated Var Fest ie Ee
=)

Chae

-6

tts

Chouette blanche
— cheveckette -
choucou e
— de Cayenne -
Harfang -
nudipede =
— Phalenoide -
Ciconia Numidica

—

—

Cockatoo, Bankfian

— cretfted =
— fvnereal -

Columba Algyptiaca

— brannea -
— chalcoptera -

Colymbus colubrinus

Coct = -

Coracias Bengalenfis

—— Cartaginienfis

Corb
Corn

docilis -
ftrepera -
eau = -
eile -

Corvus albicollis

ef S's GL fs C(t

calvus

Canadenfis
carnivorus
clericus

corax =

cornix

corone

cyanus

dauuricus
Eremita -
erythropterus.
frugilegus =
gracolinus <
graculus =
loripes ~
maritimus -
Monedula -
Pica - -
Pyrrhocorax
rufus ~
feapulatus -
Senegalenfis
Stelleri -

5

‘dees Feat frm Poet fos Jar] font §

=

cre:

Tyan kof ower)

POSTS Oa a Bat Jol)

- 108, 109,

PN Be Xe

Corvus torquatus -

Corvorant

— Chinefe
Cotinga cuprea
Coubla =
Coucou criard
— indicateur
Couit-couit
Crane, brown
— commoa
— Indian
— Savannah
Crave Coracias
— des Alpes
— huppé

Creeper, African

ISI TT Ine ee a

agile - -
black-eyed -
- - - fronted
- - - headed
blue-faced -
- - throated
cerulean
chirping =
Cinereous =
cochineal -
crimfoa-bellied
cupreous = =
Dirigang -
fulvous -
gartered ==
green-winged

hoary - -
ignoble -
Leona -
Mahratta -
mellivorous -
New Caledonian
New Holland
peregrine -
polifhed =

red-backed -
red-rumped -
red-fpotted -
flender-billed
fogar- =

"th the te te tht)

Tit) By poe) te Oh 8:

Page
107
363
364
190 ~

73
136

SSS:

+179

= 299

=. 208

=< tbs

Tey
=rTs
- 14
- ¥15
- 158
- +368
- 165
=) RI69 |
- 167
mane y/e2
S 163
- 169

- 166

- 160

- 167

Tt yaa PTF TVR

164,
162
166
- 159
- 162
- 163
- 168
- 160
- 164
- ib.
- 166
- 161
- ib.
- 162
- 15
- ee
- 169
- 161
- 165
fm dy ee |
Creeper,

Creeper, undulated

~~

—

wren - -
yellow-eared
- - - - winged

Crotophaga -
Crow, Alpine -

—

MGA IA ITAA Aa eel

black-breafted
- - - faced =
- - ~ and white
blue - =
- - and white
Caledonian -
carrion -
changeable -
Hermit =
hooded -
red billed -
- - legged -
rafous bellied
fhort-tailed -

Steller’s -
variable =
wattled =
white-breafted
- - - cheeked
- - - vented
wood - =
Crown bird =

Crying bird =
Cuckow, Saas

ete Steel tele

bee -

Bike headed’s -
common
cupreous
fan-tailed
gilded
glofly -
honey -
noify «=
pheafant

Guculus auratus

co
=
a2)
ins)
a
ow
1
Sr ek |

canorus

re) Yee eb es ee te aot te a ee a) age gh era

Le |

Ue ee Re Be we Ae Ea te het by 0 e8 Be heh ee Orr

PoN? “Diy Bt,

ri-Sat Wie Deca eat Quid (eee Vien elt Do Tat SoS bs Wah ap eed ical Worl Sepeal foeat Sree Tet (er Scat hoy hae

Page
160
163
169
1638

103

114
371
116
ib,
TIt
116
ib.
108
119
115
109
112
115
118
115
Ill
116
119
TIO
118
121
115
189
306
139
ib.
137
133
134
133
134
138
134
136
137
135
104.
138
136
135
133

Cuculus Indicator
—perla - -
— Vetvla =
Curlew, common
— crying =
Curruca fepiaria =
Curucui, Leverian
Cygnus cucullatus

Darter =
Darwang -
Dee-weed-gane
Dancers
Didus ineptus
Dilbong -
Djou - -
Diomedea Chilenfis
— Chiloenfis -
Dirigang -

Dodo - By
Dodar - -
Dornegas + -
Dourra = «
Duc 2 courtes oreilles
— grand - =
— moyen

Duck, Arabian =
— Alexandrine
— Gadwal

Garganey

Gattair

Gmelin’s

Golden-eye

Hawkfbury

Kekufchka

lobated

Mallard

Mofcovy -

New Holland

| boo ry

Pintail -
Pochard = -

Be ae

Poet Uh Baw e hes ret wie at ah og

Viet kU er ke Brake:

New Holland thoveler

Lied Saal ler Some Sa

Geter we 8

USS Oa ee sO oe oe Beth Ik
N
oo
oO

Ez.
Eagle, Blagre - 5
— Cinereous - -
— deftruétive - -
=— martial - -
— noily - = =
p= cccipital = °
— pifcivorous - -
—» Pondicherry :
— vulturine <
Ecorcheur - - ©

Effraie - 2 a
Einfiedlergeyer - -
Emberiza Badenfis -

rutila - ° .
fpodocephala e
Engovulevent 4 collier «

== a queue fourchue -
Epervier a ventre roux =

w= Cla - ° =
— ciris - - °
—— Cirlus 5 =
=— chryfophrys - »
— chryfoptera - >
= coccinea ° .
=— flavipes AU
== fucata - - .
== luteola FS O
= mixta ° ? °
= pufilla - e
e= rnftica - S
ee

= pie vc - 2

= tachera 2 e

Ephoufkyca ° =

Erkoom 2 °

Etourneau de la Daonrie

s= More -« = 2
PF,

Faico Albicila » «
_s~ apivorus

er aquilinus
a= bidentatus

a
1}

NDE.

Page
eres 4
138
Bi) Be)
- 16
ie P14
a
Os 5)
e 32
2 i
- 69
GO
- 3
- 200
e ib.
= 261
- 199
- 203
- 199
- 200
> .204.
2 202
- 203
- 202
= 201
wi Oe
e ib.
2 202
- 260
- 264
e- 39
Le 40
s gt
= 306
e . 99
» 175
> 376
e 18
ri zu3
oa 34
> 28

PEAT VTAT TAA ade

Falco, Bohemicus

borealis
brunneus
cirrhatus
deferti
difcolor
furcatus
glaucopis
gytfalco
Hyemalis
Javanicus
incertus
Lathami
marginatus
maritimus

melaneleucus

Milvus
Nifus -

palumbarius

pennatus

ponticerianus

rubiginofus
rnfipes
Sclavonicus
fubbuteo
Tharus
tigrinus

— Tinnunculug
Falcon, axillary

Cd

-=— black and white

Te eee ee ee ee De ee |

Racha.

- - - eyed

=

- > « thighed
2 - ~ winged

Bohemian
booted
chanting
Chicquera
Courland

=

es

c

e

2

crefted Indian

-dwarf =
fair
glaucous
Jackal -
Javan =

Iceland.

=
ba
2

e

i)

a &

Page

- 43
bce
- 44
< 25
3 50
A BSS)
+ 28
RRO
5 27
2 39
= 36
BUNA ea A
27 0-37,
Sei.
= 23
- 4a
o 30
43.5%
=t 237
> 24
td 32
ye ays)
- 46
46, 47
spinels
- 9
ots
= 42
° Zz
° 4a
Bods Ges
2 49
> 43
as
By HG)
°. 48
v 59
49
» 36
27

Falcon, Kite -
— lunated =
margined -
maritime -
Manduit’s -
northern =
notched -
Pacific -
Parafite -
yadiated =
red-legged -
rufous-bellied
Tufty - -
and gray
Sclavonian -
fhort tailed -
Sonnini’s -

fwallow-tailed

Tachard
teftaceous

Tharu -
tiger - -
winking ==
Falke, braunrothe
— bunte - -
— getieperte -
— rothfuffige -
— rothlichweiffe
Farha reheit -

Faucona croupion blanc

— a culotte noire
—— chanteur =
— huppé -- =
Fauvette tachetée
Ficedula cinerea -
— pectore fufco
Finch, bearded -
— Chili - =
—~-crimfon-headed

— foreft - -
— Georgian -
—nitid - é
— painted -
—pine -- -

— red-crowned
— red-pole =

he tte a)

OanG 8S Bde

Carel Timed Vaseline fea sy peat YS

BONS De OBS Xe

8 ' 68 6

Finch, rofy -

—
—
—
—

Fife

fharp-tailed -
fultry - -
{wamp - -
temporal
white-headed
al - -

Flamingo, Chili -

Flycatcher, black breafted

black-cheeked
black crowned
Cambaian -

— cat - -
— coach-whip -
— Cochin -
— crimfon-bellied
— deferc - -
— ferruginous -
— grey - -
— hooded -

melodious -
multachoe -‘
- orange rumped
Paradife -
particoloured
red-bellied -
“rofe-breafted
- - winged -
-rufous- fronted
foft-tailed -
fouthern ~
fupercilious -
white - =)5
yellow-eared
- - - tufted

Fowl, Moor -
Fringilla-barbata

caffra -
cannabina
caudacuta
Diuca -
Georgiana
ilidca -
Pinetorum
rofea -
ruticapilla

’

Y STU ee rae seh ed

teat | bees be i pat eo. 1

Ricoh tinc®) (eri gern

Fring

illa,

loNP DPE Xx

Page

Fringilla, fylvatica ° - 207
Fulica atra - = . = - 328
Full doon - ~ - ~ - 217
w= tail - - ~ - ~ ib.

G.

Gabar 2 - - ° = a4
Galbula - ° = = 126
Gallinula alba - 2 < = 327
=— Porphyrio - - - « 320

Gallinule, grey-headed - ® 375
== purple - - = ~ 326

— white - - ° © = 327)
Gannet - - < - ngos
Garganey ~- - - - - 360
Garroora - © - - ~ 32
Geai de Steller ~- - - o> iin
Ghaip - - < - mj Al
Girrenera - 2 5 “ cy. 2483
Gnat-fnapper - = - = 3148
Goadgang ~ - : ° = 207
Goat-fucker, banded - - = 262
=- Bombay - ° - > 260

a= fork-tailed - - ° ~ 264

ee gracile - ° ° = 263

= great-headed ° ° Saabs

== Leona - - ” . - 264

z= New Holland - . - 261

— ftrigoid ’ . ° = 262

Godwit, ~ - . ° * 309
«=~ Barbary < ° » «= ib.

Goe-re-e-gang = ~ . ~ OF
Gonolek ee : ° ° S - 92
Goo-gwar-neck - Seay ie = 151
Goo-gwareruck ~ ° - 153. 166
Goola-warrin ¢ DS ° 2 4326
Goolingnang = OS Bl ae an Sir
Goora-a-gang = wit Ne a BG
Goo-roo-wang se ° = wir
Goofander < ° e : » 330
Goofe, black and white - = 344
w= blue-winged 2 . = 340

== common ° ° ° Sy silts

se Gofcoraba - © ~ ™ 348

Goofe, grey lag -
— hybrid -
— Mufcovy -
— femipalmated

Gofhawk - -

Grakle, Abyffinia
— egyptian -
— black-headed
=— blue-eared -
= crefted
— green -
— Paradife
— pied -

Gracula Atthis
— criftatella
Grebe -
Grenouillard
Grifard - -
Grofbeak, afh-eoloured
e= black-lined -
blue-winged
Caffrarian
fafciated
ferruginous
frontal
fafcinating
Grenadier
Hudfonian
Mutftachoe
nitid -
Philippine

prafine

fociable

Sumatran
== Sunda.
= three-toed
==. waxbill
== white-throated

Grous, gooto 2°
w~e- hybrid °

Grus freti Hudfonis -

Grutto By os

Guifso balito =

Gull, browa eS
=~. Pagific °
==. Pulo condor -

Cia eat Vee ehh at Fa
Yess. sieach FO Watt fnesal Hau TnL Seek When Jour Varad fice, Jeet Jess pier Yous. Baer? t

ee ee OO

Rest Pees \icest Ira Peer Joes. Doel Pike joes Foul eset Yeeest Joe Yess” Pmt: Vesey Weer Youu Yoxet Jecaat Fra Jak Juusst et oat |

pues ee aves

foe ome Ex Wate oer at een Veet fiend Pest Ja7ay TAS near fae peet Ware) Ieent Yoni ru? Dead ead Yiee “C JER TOUay Wah “ened Parr Set Feeeat Semecr Peet boar seh biaet |

ty Jot Je Poo! Vee 1 Jew Yet eset fewr feat fier foie feeoe pany fesaY Pam Pune’ Vacca lem peed Vesa! fusca Suse Yeo lowe. Jeeew beet Jimet ive Joe fisek Foss Nise Hemet Poy Dass Wise lovaes Yonex foe Le Tae [eens eek JOP. J

PoN? Dp Exe

Gull, Skua - - 332 Humming-bird, Ekeberg’s

= as - - 170
Gungunnah - - - - 302 -— gilt-crefted - - - - 171
Gungunneer - - - - ib — great - - - - - 173
Gypaete des Alpes - - - 6 — Mango : : - - .7I

— orange-faced - - - 172
Huppard - - - - mel?
H.

Harfang - : - - - 59 Tand J.

Harle huppé - - - - 338

Hauben taucher - = - - 337 Jabiru, American - - - 204
Hawk, red-tailed - - - 34 — guacu - - > - ib.
Henharrier, long-legged - - 43 — New Holland - - =oeibs
Heron, black-breafted - - - 302 — Senegal - - - - 295
— blue-headed - - - - 303 Jacana, Chinefe - - - 324
— brown - - - - - 304 = Chili - - - - - ib.
— brun - = - - ib. Jay, red-billed - - - +4) Siz
— Caledonian night - - - 299 Ibis - - : - - - 9
— common - - - - 303 Jentje-bibi - : - - 179
— Demoifelle - - - - 297 Jilguero - - - - - 208
— lacteous - - - - 304 Jing-was - > : - - _ 92
— obf{cure - = - - 300

— Pacific > - - - 305

— red-crefted - . - - 302 K.

— Squacco - - = =\)2gb.

— fpotted = - - - 305 Kai-alora » - > - - 416
— Thula - - - - - 30z Karrangaba - - - =agoz
— variegated - - - - 304 Karrat - - - - - gr
— white-fronted : = - ib. Karrock - - - - - 117

. Hirundo efculenta - - - 257 Keftril - - - - 43544.
— javanica - - - - 259 — rufous-backed - - - 45
— pelafgia = = = - 258 Kikvors-vanger - = = Fy oe
Hobby, greater - - = - 47 Sing’s-fihher, azure - - 372
— orange-legged - - - 46 — brown . - - - 143
Hornbill, Abyffinian - < - 99 — Coromandel = = =| abs
— African - - - - 100 — little Indian - - - 144
— anomalous ~~ 5 5 - 96 Kolibri der grofste - - = 1G}
— crimfon - - - - 100 Kuerouden - te eh - 32
— helmet > - - = | 370
— Indian - - - - 100
— pfittaceous - - - - 96 L
— wreathed - - - - 371
Hornvogel - = - - =. (>) 100 Laemmergeyer 2 = = +. @ 6
Huhul, chouette - - - 62 lLanius barbarus - - - 72
Huamming-bird, blue-eaded - 172 —= collaris ro ati DLS ay 68
— Chili - - eu Ae yO == \colluria 1) <1 er ed =) 69

Supp. Il. : 3D Lanius

Lanius curviroftris

— jocofus - -
— Leverianus -
— picatus -
— rutilus - -

— Senegalus
— Tyrannus -
Lark, cinereous -
— Dixon’s -
— dukky - -
— ferruginous -
— rock -
— fea - -
—ftky - =
— Yeltonian
Larus catarractes
— Pulo Condor
Laubvolchen
Leeuwerk Vange
Leu-tze -
Linaria Ciris =
Linnet, red-headed
Lory, beautiful -
Loufoo 5
Loxia Caffra
=—— cinerea
— fafciata
— ferruginea
— Hudfonica
— hypoxantha
— Javenfis
— Orix -
— Philippina
— Prafina
— focia -

ASA fires Fa neh Wee

M.

Maccaw, hyacinthine
Maeufe habicht -
Magnakli - -
Magpie - >
— blue - -
— new Caledonian
Manakin, cerulean

(esha s(t Bee (Bat |

19 Pe fees Hi fecal |

on te

Ii. No Dy Bex.
Page

N
N
~“

Hoare t tb 4g

.

70
71
70
ib.

Manakin, crimfon-throated

— gold-breaited
— long-tatled -
— Miacatototl

— Picicitli =
— fpeckled -
-— fuperb - :

— fupercilious -
Mangeur de Opa
Manqgue_ -
Martin acridophage
Mawing -
Melino-orghi -
Menura = =
Merganfer, blue -

— brown - =

— cinereous -

— forked - -

— goofander -

— imperial 2

— minor -

— red- Bresned= =

—- Smew - =
Mergus czruleus -

— furcifer -

— fufcus

— minvtus -
Merion binnion -~
Merops apiatter -

— carunculatus

— corniculatus =

= erythropterus

— fafciculatus = -

Meflager - -
Milan = =
— blac -<- -
— parafite .
Mintle - =
Miffilauce - -
Montagnard- -
Moroc - =
Motacilla alba =
— Cantatrix =
— Carolinenfis =
— Fitis - -
— Hudfonica =

[ fee loeet Or Petal ieee aor eed J

We te

SARS
eee)

- 230

~ 238

= 244

- 236
234
Motaciila.

FN) Be eX.

Page Page
Motacilla longirofira | - - - 239 Oriole, Bonana - - weit 2 <cbis 5
— melanopa - - > 238 — Carthagena - - - - 126
— pectore ferrugineo - - - 244 — chefnut and black - - = 12
— Sibilarrix - - - - 237 0=— golden-- - - - - ~126
Maulgo = - - - 349 — olive - - - = = 4125
Matcicapa Aedon- - - - 215 Oriolus Galbula - = - - 126
—alba - - - - 219 Oftrich, American - - - 292
= bicolor - - - - 218 = black - = - - - 288
— Cambaientis - = - - 219 Otis Arabs - = = = - 284
— Carolinenfis = - - - 218 ©— Chilenfis - - - - ib.
— deferti - - = - - 217 Ourigourap - - 2 = - 4
— dichroa - - - -°:218 Ouzel; Penrith - - - SS Gy,
— erythrogaftra - = - - i216 Owl, bare- SERBed - - - = 65
— javanica - - - - 218 — barn - - - - 60
— meloxantha - = - - 220 — Boobook - - - - 64
— Neve Hollandie - - = 215 — booted - = - - 66
— Paradifi = - - =1 217 — China - - = = 368
— fuperciliofa - ~ - = - 220 — dwarf - ~~ Z 2 66
Mufophaga - - . - = 104 |= eared, great ~ - - Satire
Mafquito Hawk = = - - 262 !— --- - long - - ° - 56
Myéteria Americana - - - 294 == --- - fhort - = - - — 1b.
— ermine- - - - = ~ 60
— Falconine - - - > 61
N. — fafciated _ - - -- 62
: — Georgian - - - 64
Wharduapoa = = - - 204 — Javan - - - = = OF
Nhande guaeu - = - - 292 — Marfh - = - Zz - 58
Nightingale - - - = 233 — Snowy ~ = = - - ~59
Nifler Vokoor - - - - 15 — Spedlacle - - - - - 64
— werk - - = - = 6 — fupercilious « - = = 63
Nometjes - - - - - 2: — Tengmalm’s - - - 66
Wumenius Arquata = = - 306 .— variegated = - - = -62
Numida Aigyptiaca = - - - 272 ‘— undulated < - - - 368
— Meleagris - - - - ib. © — white - - - - - ~ 60
Nun, white- = - - - 338 — white-fronted - - 58
Nuthatch, Carolina = - -- 145
— Chinefe - - - ECi = I
— Grey black- Ses - =" 145 P
— leat - - - - Ib. : :
_ orange-winged - - - 146 Parakeet, Jonquil - - - - 83
— red-fhouidered - - 1 G0
— — fmall - . . ani La ne88
oO. :— Turcofine - * - - 89
; Parafite < = = E = 30
Oifeaubrame - - - - -32 Parra- - - al) Gu e7eg24
Oricou - ” - - - 11 Parrot, Alexandrine - = - --86
3Dz Parrot,

pF

Parrot, black-necked
Carolinas -
Chili - iS
crimfon-fronted
Gerini’s’ +
Ground os
Jaguilma -
Levaillant’s
orange-headed
- - - winged

lefslel (tell tel

Nonpareil -
Pacific -
— pale - =

— Pennantian -
— pileated -
— purple-tailed
— red-topped -
= - - crowned
== Sparrow =
— Tabuan -

— Thecau -
— Van Diemen’s
=— varied -
= vernal -

Partridge, Afiatic
=— Cambaian
— Cape -

— Cafpian

= Ceylon

== common
= crowned
= green -

— Kakerlic
w= New Hollan
— violaceous
Parus Alpinus
— aureus

= criftatus

— indicus -
= Knjaefcik -
— peregrinus -
Paffer Brafilienfis
Pauw. wilde. 2
Peacock, wild «=
Pelecanus Baflanus
«= Carbo -

2

ce 0 § Oot 8 G6 hy vu t 8

( Fox ae es Des TEN sy ee ed Det Red ot 4 )

oof Got erent

TiN Be Box.

USS (hes Oe eee ee

wo. € ee Be

Pelecanus onocrotalus =

Pelican, white -
Pendeur - -
Penguin, Chiloe -
— 3 toed =
Percnoptere -
Perdix Afiatica -
— Cambaienfis.
— Cafpia =
— Cinerea 2
— Coturnix -
Pettichaps =
Petrel, black =
— cinereous -
— fuliginous -
— Norfolk Ifland
— white-breafted

Phalacrocorax - ~
Phafianus criftatus

_ fuperbus -
— varius -

Pheafant, fre- bacbed

(oe fase Deity file Jerse Josey (rere forte) taod er Saeed }

— fuperb -
Pheenicopterus Chi'enfs
Phytotoma - -

.— dAbyfiinie -

—— duChili -

Picbeuf - =

Picus altivolans -
— capenfis -
— itterocephalus
— lignarius -
— minor - -
— pitius S =

Pie a culotte de Peau
— - pendeloques
= bleue - -
— commune -
— griefche roufle

Pies, Order of -

Pigeon, Bantamefe
— black-winged

— bronze-winged

— brown =

-— chefnut-fhouldered. -

== Egyptian =

Peet. FSO ade?

(Jee Pre Nace d Yeeed prea) See

LOE bob beste

J
&
= OV
e

Pigeon, grey-necked
leffer crowned

_
—
—
—
—
=
—

Norfolk
pale -
pied -
Southern
Surat -
Waalia

white-winged
Pindaramcoli
Pinquen -
Pipra Miacatototl

Picicitli
Superba

Plantain-eater
Plant-cutter, Abyfinian

Chili -

Plotus Anhinga

Plover, Alexandrine

bridled
brown -
Courland
Curonian

-

great-billed -
green-headed

grifled

— high-legged -

—

Kentifh

— rufty-crowned

Sibirian

Pluvian -~

Podiceps cafpicus

Porphyrio alter
Poobook -
Pouillot -
Procellaria alba

Phittacus Alexandri

-_

cinerea
equina

Auftralis
Ba: ikfit ~
capite albo
Carolinenfis -
chorzus
cyanolyfeos
elegans

Cc eS Ese a So tt Dies Sell tt Jaa ak Sate Bec Se Toe birt Poy Pon leant fe (jul)

TEN .D* EX.

Page
375
271
374
270
268

Pfittacus fringillaceus
— formofus -
— galeritus -
— Gerini -
— gloriofus -
— Hyacinthinus
— Jaguilma
— pacificus
— pallidus
— Pennantii
— pileatus
— purpuratus
— puiillus
— i{plendidus
— Tabuenfis
=—— varius -
— vernalis

Qs

Quail, Californian

— common -

— New Holland
Quethu = os
Quifcale Atthis -

— criftatelle -

—duChili 5

R.

Rabe alpen -
Rachamah -
Rail, doubtful
=— dwarf -=-
— Troglodyte
Rallus autftralis
=— dubius
— pufillus -
Rara - -
Ravén -
= SouthSea -
Reveilleur de Norfolk
Rhea Americana -

Roller, Bengal -

[tl facie! ove Weal Fess) Pay Fore)

t Doel Vise) Some) broth Sarl bool Seca) Jt Heal tert Yiniy Posed Soa pias baa |

,
\O
WwW

Diet baat Poet beep bevel Hieed eat Pale Yoh poe Yoel} yee] Sond boot}
oo
we

few 1. 6 8
ow
OV
=

PRO 78 a SS eae he
=
(eo)
“N

SRoller,crimfon -
-—~ docile
— hairy - =
— noify --
— pacific - -.
— 1P1)) -
— Eee teal
— ftriated =
Rollier tacheté -
Roloul - =
Rotter-vanger = -
Rougris - uy
Rounoir = - =
Rouffeau
Rufticola . - -

Sacre d’Egypte
Sanderling - -
Sandpiper - --
— brown-eared
— equeftrian

— fafciated

— Selninger
— wattled
— wood - -
Schwalbe chinefifche
Scolopax ASgocephala
Sa S2 toe
— Belgica -
=. Curonica
= Gallina
== major -
— media -
— paludofa
Scythrops -
SeaLark -
Secretaire - -
Sguacco - -
Shrike, African
— Barbary

Seana o-

DE S00 i

yet el ea Mil eat pet Pre) 1

1 oN

(90 fb)

fe 4 t 6

Page
122
120
123
121
371

Dak:

f
xe

Shrike, Cape

aS PSE ETE ital

— yellow-bellied

clouded
collared
cruel -
dubious
erect -
frontal

hook-billed -

Hottniqua
jocofe -
Leverian
Magpie
Mufiachoe

red-backed -

robuft -_
rufty -
Senegal

fupercilious -

Tyrant

Sifuil Boulboul
Sitta carolinenfis -

Pufilla-

Smew -
Snake Bird -_
— eater -_

Snipe, Courland

— N. Holland

great o

Sonneur -
Sparrow-hawk

Sparrow, {potted grafs

—

fwamp .

Spipola paluftris -

Starling, Dauurian

— magellanic -

Perfian

Stourne Spreo
Strix ar@lica _
— brachyotus -

Bubo ~-
flammea
nyétea

Otus -
paluftris

— perfpicillata -

1-0 ph 0

ho to 0-0 0-92 9-00
Cet eal ea Yan Teter)

' i] ir Peet} 4 t | on) i ‘ ' 1

11st same Deseo. acest Veacl Janet ee |

L}

4
‘I
==

O20 0 0
“I
1°}

1 1 i} i
NI
N

'
w
en
PS fs

PE Se Stat
-
i
wm

ME aU et DU ahem feota ta)
ON
.
in
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Strix Tengmalmi

— Ulula - -
Stront Vogel -
Struthio Camelus

— Nove Hollandiz

Sturnus Dauuricus
— Loyca -
— militaris -
— moritanicus -
Sugar. eater -

Sumpfeule - -
Swallow, aculeated
= efculent -
— Javan .

— needle-tziled
— New Holland
— fmall grey -
Swan - - =
— black - -
— - - - necked
Sylvia Afiatica -

Locuftella -
longiroftris ~

Ludoviciana
Lufcinia =
mediterranea
melanocephala
mofchita -
ochrura -
Platenfts -
Protonotarius
ftriata = -

fylvicola =~
fylviella -
funamifica =
Trochilus -
— Tifchecant{chia

Fa TST USIET SST 1S PTY SP SI SPST ET

Cambaienfis
eucullata-
cyane - =
Dartfordienfis
gularis -
Guzurata =
Hippolais --
hortenfis =
Kamtfchatchenfis
littorea =

Taaou-yu-tchin -
Tachiro ~- -
Tanas ~ -
Tanager, rude -
— fhowy - -
— filent - -
— yellow-fronted
Tanagra ornata -
— rudis - -
— filens ~- -

Tanagre de la Guiane

Tantalus pinuehs =
Tchagra -

Tchil - -
Tchoug - -
Teal -- -
Temia - -
Tern; brown
Tetrao Salone
— hybridus -
— viridis - -
Thili- = -
Thro#le, Heath ~-
Thrush, afh-headed
— Afiatic -
— black-browed
—- -~- eyed
— blue-cheeked
— - - headed -
brown-crowned
Ceylon -
Chili - a
dilute - -
doubtful -
Ethiopian
fafcinating -
fly-catching =
frivolous -
guttural -
harmonic =
locuft-eating
lunulated = =-
maxillary -
minute -

Thrufh, Penrith -
Wew Zealand
Port Jackfon

— prafine -
— punctated =
— red-lesged
— reftlefs -
— fhort-winged
— Song - -
— footy - -
— fordid - -
— Thenca -
— volatile -
— white-browed
- - - eared -

— — yellow- -bellied
— white-rumped
Tifferin - -
Titmoufe, Alpine

— crefted -

— crimfon-rumped _

— Indian -
— Kojaefcik -
Todus flavigafter
Tody, red-breafted
— yellow-bellied
Touraco -
‘Touyouyou
‘Tringa atra
— equeftris
— fafciata
— glareola
— Keptufcha
— maritima
— ochropus -
Trochilus capenfis
— cyanocephalus
= galeritus =
Mango =
— maximus -«
— varius - -
Trogon - -
Tropic Bird -
‘Turdus Athiopicus
— auftralis -
— bicolor, .

BSD eee <0 0580

J Fece] Paes! Lseaanl bene] Vesced fest ei Weed Jeol based Fig’ Kermel Joma |

ete Ue 00 Ses O Se

yt re ba a USS ert Boat feet (2 an tee)

t Poel Meee) Fara Keeet Mies ot foorel oeort cl Sod Peal teen feat |

EON Dee: ix.

at te cer eee pet et et

Page
177
178
183
ib.
187
177
181
187
176
185
186
178
183
373
ib.
187
179
193
256
255
ib.
256
ib.
147
ib.
147
136
294
312
311
312
311
312
ib.
31
170
172
170
17t
173
158
131
366
180
178
179

Turdus cureus -
— minutus -
— moficus -
— plumbeus -
— Thenca -
— trioftegus =
— Zeylonus =

Valk nast. - -
— rooye -

— Steen - -
— witte - -
Vantour de Malthe
=—= moine -
— norwege =
— petit - =
— Roi de, varié
Vis vanger =
Vocifer -

Vultur ncolenta)
— barbarus -
— barbatus -
— cinereus -
— Gryphus -
— leporatius -«
— leucocephalus
— magellanicus
— Monachus -

— Papa = =
— Perenopterus
— facra -

— ferpentarius ~-
Volture, alpine -
— Angola =
— Arabian -
=—— bearded -
— Bengal -
— bold -

— Californian
— Chagoun

= cinereous

— Condur

King -

one oe epee

(eal Pai oe Uae See)
~ bat
NI “I
XO “I

forename Soak ied el i Pen |
bao Panay IS fates
Tor TH woQn on Fu

>

PROV AN OH BIO HOD

DUE ih 2b ai gest Cees. chs, SN ye) ge a eck

8
7
3
6
eS.
33
3
I
7

Valture,

Wulture, Kolben’s

st

Secretary

— Sociable
— white-tailed -

*Vaddergal

Wagtail, black-crownec

~_—

— New Holland

Dauurian
Hudfonian

white ~

Varbler, Afiatic -

-— black. backed

s— - - - cheeked

Se tet hE SS Tete |

- - - poll
Cambaian
Cafpian
chafte
cowled

W.

crim{on-breafted

artford
dwarf -

ferruginous

flame-coloured

gold-bellied
grafshopper
Guzurat
Indigo
long-billed
Louifiane .

Mediterranean

Perfian -
Plata -

-

Prothonotary

Surr. Il,

Chie Tee pat lime Ioev tk GC Une e) fectaeal Pe Chee PD)

Tiga. Dee Ox:

Wo Br

Page
12
9

11

Warbler, ruddy «
— rufous-crowned

— - - - vented
— rufty-fided -
— Sardinian -
— fhore = -
— ftreaked =
— Swailow 4
— Terrene -
— variable 5
— white-collared
— -- - tailed -
— woodwren -

— yellow-vented
Warda - -
Wayway - -
Weidenzeifig :
White-throat, lefler
Wigeon - -
Woodcock, Savannah
Woodpecker, Banka
— Cape - -

— Chili -
— Gorget =
— Guinea -

— Mahratta -
— leffer fpotted
— yellow-headed
Wren, great -

— green - -
— larger - -
-— widow chirping
— wood - -
— yellow =

Wrongi - -
Wye-wa - -

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6 8 Bh eer Pees

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NS

FRonrTISPIECE =) = a) = TLAWKSBURY, DUCK,
Pate.
CXX. Conpur Vurture = - = - to face Page rt
CXXI. Raptatep Fatcon -8-= = = ~ - 53
OO. Ronin Seiwa, sees +o ls ye ake 75
CXXII. Jonquit Parakeer = - - - oe 83
CXXIV. New Hotianp..CHanNeEL-BILL -~ = -= 96
CXXV.-“WioLeT PLanTaIN-faTER -*- - - = 104
CXXVI. Fan-ramrep Cucxow - - = -.- - 138
CXXVIiI. Orancr-wine:p NutrwatcH = - ~-° = 146
CXXVII[. VarizGaTeD Bug-zaTeRie-- ~ -- ~ 9 - 155
CXXIX. SLeNDER-BILLED Gerben =) f= 0 2) Sy ee 165
CXXX. Saneuinzous Creeper -*- = = - 167
CXKUMWeL Nir GRosepaki-.o7(# ) auceet uti 1 198
CXXXII. WuitTe-HEADED FincH- - -

CXXXIII. Asyssintan PLantT-cuTTEr -
CXXXIV. Crimson-BELLieD FuycatcHEr
CXXXV. Escutent SWALLOW, AND Nest
PCXXXVI. Banpdep GoatsuckeR --., -
CXXXVI.* Supsae Menura “2? - - -
CXMRVsy American Rupa 20-27) -
CXXXVIII. New Hottanp Jap:iru *-
CXXXVIII.* New HoLttanpD CEREOPSIS - -

CXXXIX. Semipatmated Goose - )-* -
CXL. Rep-crownep Parror #- , -
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