2 SUPPLEMENT TO COMMERCE EEPORTS.

prestige of the local port in relation to all Union ports to the south, especially Durban, suffered a sudden fall.

The change, as far as the northern ports are concerned, was en- couraging. It can be traced directly to individual development in each of the northern districts along agricultural and economic lines. The change with relation to the south was adventitious and is possibly temjoorary, but through the arbitrary diversion at Durban of many cargoes bound for Lourenco JNIarques, owing to exigencies arising from the war, and through the natural diminution in trade, the local port has lost not only its preeminence among all the ports of Africa but enough of its habitual revenue to cripple the entire improvement schedule of the Province. Harbor Improvements — Freight-Handling Facilities.

The extent of this schedule is the best index to the economic loss brought upon the colony through the war. During 191-1 the famous sea wall, which inspecting engineers condemned from time to time tliroughout its construction and which was expected to break off daily, was completed and is now firmly anchored in place. It adds approximately 10 acres reclaimed from the sea to the wharf area and gives to the actual wharf an unbroken berthing line of 5,200 feet, capable of accommodating 12 large steamers at a time. The 3'ear also saw practically the completion of the great work under- taken four years ago of replacing the entire length of the wharf by reinforced ferroconcrete.

The equipment of the wharf did not fall behind these basic re- forms. At the end of the year, besides a large increase in the power plant, it possessed a total of 15 electric cranes — eight 5-ton, three 2-ton, two 10-ton, one 20-ton, and one 60-ton (the largest traveling jib crane in the world) ; also 19 steam cranes, 1 Goliath of 30 tons' capacity and 18 others with capacity ranging from 4 to 10 tons. Besides these, two capstans were working and eight more electric cranes on order. American Coaling Equipment Installed — Coal Traffic.

The greatest single item of new equipment was the coaling ii^istalla- tion suj^plied by an American firm at an initial cost of about $125,000, which has an actual working capacity of 500 tons per hour, which will be considerably increased upon the completion of new approaches. The plant has given complete satisfaction since its installation, and export of Transvaal coal would undoubtedly have shown a material increase had not the war made it impossible to secure bottoms for the over-sea trade. The coal trade at this port is only one of the pe- culiar natural advantages that insure the continued importance of the harbor. Lourenco Marques provides the shortest rail haul to the Rand and the Eastern Transvaal. As a consequence almost all heavy shipments for the mines are billed through this port, which, during 1913, attracted vessels aggregating a tonnage of 2,624,234, which dis- charged locally 452,115 tons. Owing purely to the coal traffic there are no empties running down grade on the railway, and the ships that brought the above tonnage were enabled during the same year to take away 442,729 tons of cargo, or almost as much as they brought. Last year's report predicted that coal export, which had increased from 101,907 tons in 1911 to 577,246 tons in 1913, would show a large

PORTUGUESE EAST AFEICA. 3

advance in the item of cargo coal, as distinguislied from bimkers, during 1014. The war interrupted with expectations, but it is signifi- cant that in spite of an ahnost complete cessation of exports during three months the total for the year reached 510,479 tons.

Railway Construction.

Eailway activity throughout the Province kept step with the im- provements going forward on the wharf at Lourenco Marques. In October the new line that branches off from the trunk line 33 miles from the capital and runs northward 55 miles to the Incomati Sugar Estates (Ltd.) on the Incomati River was opened and is destined to be the first link of the series of railways that are to connect by land and act as feeders to the ports of Lourenco Marques, Chai-Chai, and In- hambane. A link of 51 miles is already working from Chai-Chai and another of 40 miles from Inharrime. Besides these railways one is under construction that is to link the port of Quelimane with British Nyassaland, and another line of penetration is under construction from the port of Mozambique Island, in the northern district of Mozambique. All the railways under construction had placed orders for American rails before the outbreak of war, but unfortunately de- liveries of material have come practically to a stop. Aside from this obstacle, as previously explained, the revenues of the Province have suffered such curtailment that it is doubtful if active construction can be continued.

The Government has been working on a definite plan, and the fin- ished scheme for the Province south of parallel 22, the southern boundary of the Mozambique Co.'s territories, embraces the follow- ing lines: Moamba to Xinavane, 55 miles (completed); Xinavane via Ghissane to Chai-Chai, TO miles (not yet begun) ; Chai-Chai via Manjacasse to Chigomo, 51 miles (completed) ; Chigomo via Jinagai to Inharrime, 51 miles (projected) ; Inharrime to Mutamba, 40 miles (completed) ; Mutamba to Inhambane, 15 miles (under construction). Activities north of the Mozambique Co. are also of great importance and are represented by two lines of penetration, one from the port of Quelimane, which will tap what is said to be the richest region on the Avhole coast and whose interior terminal will connect Avitli the existing railway in British Nyassaland, and the other from the port of Mozambique, capital of the district of that name and formerly capital of the Province.

In connection with Lourenco Marques several railways have been opened in the Transvaal which must inevitably act as feeders for this port. Most important of these is the Selati extension springing from the Lourenco Marques- Johannesburg trunk line at Komatipoort and already opened northward to Tzaneen, a distance of 201 miles from its junction with the main line. This railway will eventually tap Southern Khodesia and thence connect with the Cape to Cairo route. Other Eastern Transvaal extensions now open and of im- portance to Lourenco Marques are those from Belfast to Leyden- berg, Nelsprint to Graskop, Machadodorp to Breyton, and the line to Piet Iletief. Construction of Wharf at Inhambane — Opening of Sugar Mills,

Aside from railway enterprise proper the Government has con- tracted for the construction of a wharf at Inhambane. and it is to

4 SUPPLEMENT TO COMMERCE EEPOETS,

be hoped that diminished revenue will not force a postponement of this enterprise, for there is no feature of provincial progress more encouraging than the economic advance of the northern ports, Avhich heretofore have been overshadowed by that of Lourenco Marques.

Aside from activities directly due to Government enterprise, there was nothing of importance during 191 i in the way of private indus- trial advancement. The one feature standing out above others was the opening of the mills of the Incomati Sugar Estates (Ltd.) at Xinavane, Avhich did their first grinding toward the end of the year and are finding a ready market locally and in the Transvaal for all the sugar tliej' can produce.

Aside from this one important enterprise there was no concen- trated investment of capital anyvvhere in the Province, but the in- creased importation of agriculture machinery up the coast in small but scattered lots promises well for the future. Competition Between Ports. , •

Attention is called to the peculiar economic situation ,of the Province as a whole. Including the Mozambique and Nyassa- char- tered companies it controls a strip of coast which contains the natural ports for the Transvaal, Southern and Northern Rhodesia, British Nyassaland, and the vast region centering on Lake Nyassa. This situation has its benefits and its drawbacks. Among the benefits are the shorter mileage and unrivalled harbors; the drawbacks, the rivalry and artificial obstacles raised by more distant ports and so efficacious that they have up to the present forced trade to leave its natural channels and take detours which impose a constant and par- tial tax on the British consumers who are obstructed from shipping and receiving their goods by the shortest route.

It is natural that Durban should do all in its ]50wer to grasp and hold an unnatural share of the Transvaal trade, and that it has succeeded in doing so up to the present is due largely to the un- bounded energy and expenditure in making a dangerous open road- stead into a safe and Avell-equipped harbor. But the vital i^rinciple of the shortest haulage is one that can not be kept down indefiritely, and already Transvaal consumers are com})laining of the enoi,inous tax imposed upon them by the intei'colonial agreement embodied in the Mozambique convention as to proportional shipments to the competitive area.

This competitive area is definitely fixed by stations on the lines from Lourenco Marques, Durban, Port Elizabeth, and Cape ports to the TransA'aal, and it is stipidated that railway freight rates shall be arbitrarily modified at as frequent intervals as necessary to insure to Lourenco Marques 55 per cent, to Duban 30 per cent, and to Cape ports 15 per cent. The war told most heavily on Lourenco ISIarques, and at the end of the year the percentages stood at 35.57 per cent for this port as against 45.42 per cent for Durban and 19.01 per cent for Cape ports. These figures shoidd be contrasted with those for 1910, when, in spite of artificial adjustments, Lourenco Marques held 71.80 per cent against Durban's 18.97 per cent and 9.23 per cent for Cape ports.

How unnatural is the present state of affairs is illustrated by the fact that there is a route to the Rand from Lourenco Marques still shorter and of easier gradients than that now in operation which,

PORTUGUESE EAST AFEICA. 5

as it stands, is still 90 miles shorter than the hanl from Durban. A] railway along the imused route was planned and verbally iDromised 10 years ago, and the Province of Mozambique immediately under- took the construction of the provincial section of the line and carried it to the Swaziland border. Connection With Swaziland.

Swaziland is a crown colony and has never formed an integral part of the Transvaal. It is a rich region completely cut off from the outside w^orld by the failure of the Union Government to arrange to connect up its Transvaal lines with the portion already laid by the Province of Mozambique. As a result the mines of Swaziland and its inhabitants still depend on transport riders (wagon haulage) to cover TO to 80 miles in either direction to connect with the present aborted railways. The Crown colony in conjunction with the Trans- vaal consumer is paying the price of Durban's prosperity.

The year 1914 saw the beginning of an active campaign by the inhabitants of Swaziland for a more liberal policy on the part of the Union. These evidences gave a new impulse to the provincial gov- ernment which w%as taking energetic steps toward an understanding that would bring about the completion of the route to the Transvaal via Swaziland when the war broke out and postponed consideration of the question. Large Decrease in Provincial Eevenue.

Not alone in such matters of magnitude has the European war made itself felt locally. It is estimated that by the close of the year the Provincial revenues had fallen off 35 or 40 per cent, and that private business had suffered an equal diminution. Fortunately the Government has large sources of income, arising from the export of native labor and the collection of hut taxes, which have not been affected and show a tendency to rise rather than to diminish. This fact should hold out some encouragement to commerce throughout the Province and it can be safely affirmed that no economic crisis is imminent except to the community in LoureiiQo Marques itself, which depends largely on services in connection with the transit trade to the Transvaal. The prosperity of commerce throughout the Province in general depends almost entirely on the buying power of the native, and his buying power is derived almost exclusively from money earned on the Rand, in its total a large sum, which in spite of the war continues to increase. No Exports for United States.

During 1914 there were no declared exports from the Province to the United States, but it is believed that in this regard the war will be of ultimate benefit to direct American trade. Up to the present, various products of northern ports have reached New York via Hamburg, the indirect route being influenced by the frequent con- nections made with the East Coast by German lines fed by smaller coast boats. It is hoped that once freights are normalized again the American importer of mangrove bark, oil seeds, and copra will have established direct communication with sellers in Africa. Trade of the Various Ports. '

At the time the European war broke out there was a decided up- ward trend making itself felt in the Province both in constructive

SUPPLEMENT TO COMMERCE REPOETS.

policy and in commerce. From a total trade movement in imports, exports, reexports, and transits, of $42,312,195 in 1913, the fissures for 1914 show a decline to $35,144,062. Of this loss of $7,168,133 the port of Lourenco Marques alone was responsible for $6,205,806, and the onl,y Provincial port to show an increase Ayas that of Mozambique which showed a small gain of $24,515 over 1913.

The total imports into the Province of jSIozambique in 1914 amounted to $8,609,124 as compared with $9,054,309 in 1913; ex- ports, $2,197,527 as against $2,318,931 in 1913; reexports, $4,771,859, a decrease from $5,221,724 in 1913; transit trade, $19,565,552 as com- pared with $25,717,231 in 1913. The following table shows the trade (exclusive of coin and gold and silver bars) of the Province of ^Mozambique with the principal foreign countries in 1914 :

Ports and countries.	Imports.	Exports (domestic and foreign national- ized prod- ucts).	Reexports.	Transit trade.	Total.
LOURENCO MARQUES.	J60,4G7 59, 914 530,938 2,127,533 1,693,585 216,143 284,217	$1,857 12, 731 2,380 503,346 170,808	$548 27,504 28,658 2,921,635 170,286 25, 488 926, 619	S385,737 109,168 3,639,611 10,851,298 232,969 2,382,235 1,834,453	$448,609 209, 317 4,101,587 16,403,812 2,267 648




United States	2,623,866 3,052,217
	6,928

Total	4.972,797	698,050	4,100,738	19,335,471	29,107,056

INHAMDANE.	1,402 22,668 34,572 191, 740 289, 792 40, 807 49,219	58, 016 191,239 122, 945 60, 777 24,030			59,418 213,907 157,517 253, 004


Great Britain and possessions ........	4S7 333
		314,155 40,807 49 349
United States
	130

Total	630, 200	457, 137	820		1,088.157

CHINDE. Belgium	1,099 32, 689 32,539 825,800 405,404 12,249 24, 449	5,068 25,760 30, 444 50,682 116,682			6,167 75 120
France and possessions	15,212 17, 146 134,415 453, 422	1,159 31,764 172, 478 6,364 16, 931 1,385
G ermany and possessions	111,893
	l; 183, 375 981,872 ' 29,180
Portugal and possessions
United States
		1,228	■27,062

Total	1,334,529	228,636	621,423	230, 081	2,414,669

QUELIMANE. Belgium	10,994 29, 908 128,865 117,492 364,618 20, 913 21,080	12,282 146,933 40,980 113,207 89,102			23,276
			176,841
Germany and possessions			169,845
			230,699
Portugal and possessions	1,038		454,818 20, 913
United States
Ail other countries	3,547			25,227

Total	694, 470	406, 111	1,038		J,, 101, 619

Belgium		1,386 36,0(il 62,244 38,910 154,840			1,386
Franco and possessions	28, 435 175, 825 137,340 603,548 15,269 16, 711			64, 496 239, 5S4
	1,515 411 44,625
		176, 667
Portugal and possessions		803,019
Uniled States		15, 269
All other countries	ii4,i46	1,289	'	132, 140

Total	977, 128	407, 593	47,840		1,432,561

Grand total	8,009,124	2,197,527	4, 771, 859	19,565,552	35,144,062

PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA.

Increased Imports from United States.

It is interestmg to note that imports from the United States showed an increase in every port in the Province excepting that of Loiirenco Marques, where they dropped from $252,899 in 1913 to $216,143 in 1914. This fall of $36,756 was a little more than made up by increases at the other ports of the Province, which were as follows : Inhambane, from $20,906 in 1913 to $40,807 in 1914; Chinde, from $10,682 to $12,249; Quelimane, from $9,106 to $20,913; and Mozambique, from $6,206 to $15,269. Detailed figures of the im- ports from the United States are given later in this report. The following table shows the value of the total trade with the United States and the Province for the past three years :

Port.	Imports from United States.	Exports to United States.
1912	1913	1914	1912	1913	1914
	8173, 438 12,375 5,865 8,656 12,552	$252,899 20,906 10,682 9,106 6,206	S216,143 40,807 12,249 20,913 15,269	S140 40,830
	$33




Total	212, 886	299, 799	305,381	40,970	33

The single large item of export to the United States was made up of one year's shipments of whale oil, which has since gone to other markets.

There were 6,212 tons of bituminous coal, valued at $37,243, in- voiced at the consulate at Lourenco Marquez for the Philippine Islands during 1914.

As stated, imports from the United States into the port of Lourenco Marquez fell from $252,899 in 1913 to $216,143 in 1914, but a study of the detailed table of imports from the United States to this port is anything but discouraging. Of the total falling off of $36,756, the sum of $20,041 is accounted for by the sole item of iron manufactures and is explained by the fact that the expensive coaling plant bought from the McMyler Co. in the United States arrived in 1913. In compensation American manufactures made a most significant ad- vance in agricultural machinery, increasing from $10,635 in 1913 to $56,587 in 1914. Automobiles, combined with automobile parts, ad- vanced from $3,780 to $4,627; fabrics, mostly cotton, from $847 to $1,678; oils of all kinds, from $38,698 to $55,391; paints and inks, from $1,322 to $2,307; steel bars and sheets, from $303 to $1,272; railway rolling stock, from $35 to $1,799 ; mosquito wire, from $758 to $1,533. While these sums are insignificant in themselves they indicate a general demand for American goods which promises well for the future. The only falling off appears in the figures for those articles the demand for which was most quickly affected by the war, such as timber, wood manufactures, wheat, typewriters, flour, etc. American Articles Imported from Other Sources.

It should also be remembered that many manufactures of American origin are imported from the Transvaal and Great Britain in such a way as to make it impossible to credit them accurately. This con- dition arises from the fact that there are no direct banking arrange- ments with the United States and local merchants having credits or

SUPPLEMENT TO COMMERCE REPORTS.

agents in London often buy American goods and have them shipped from that market. A notable case in point is that of telephone sup- plies. In 1013-14: a complete telephone installation was put in at Lourenco Marquez the material for which cost about $54,000. The exchange plant in toto, as well as all instruments — in short, every- thing exce})t the outdoors installation — is of American manufacture, but the customs statistics do not credit the United States with tele- phone supplies for the two years mentioned.

Passing north to the port of Inhambane a correspondingly inter- esting increase from $3,404 to $G,120 in purchases of American agri- cultural machinery is noted; the imports of American railway ma- terial were valued at $16,740 in 1914, while there were no imports in 1913. The port of Quelimane also enters the market for American agricultural machinery for the first time with purchases amountinc: to $2,456 and increases its purchases of American boats from $1,615 in 1913 to $4,719 in 1914. The importance of the increase throughout the Province of sales of agricultural machinery can not be exag- gerated; it indicates the awakening of the Province to the possi- bilities of its vast stretches of undeveloped rich lands and promises an ever-growing market not only for American agricultural ma- chinery but for every article that can attract the attention of a growing buying povv'er.

Articles Iniported for Consumption and for Transit at Lourenco Marques.

The total iraj^orts for consumption into the port of Lourenco Marques in 1914, includin^^ articles imported by the Government, and coin and bulhon, and the imports in transit to the Transvaal, together with the principal imports from the United States, are shown in the followino; table:

Articles.

mPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION.

Agricultural machinery and

instruments

Animals, live

Arms andammunition

Asphalt

Automobiles

Automobile parts

Bedsteads

Boats

Boots and shoes:

Superior quality

Inferior quality

Building material

Butter

Canvas and tarpaulins

Cement ,

Ceramics ,

Coal

Codfish

Coin:

Gold, foreign

Silver, Portuguese

Crockery

Cutlery

Electrical material

Fabrics:

Cotton —

Dyed and printed.. Gray and bleaclied. .

All others

Fish, preserved

Total im- ports.

$226,6.T.i PC', G?,6 26,0.36 41, 43,') 29, 2-!0 10,0 Jo 10, GS2 10,062

32, 781 Hi, 020 11,001 64,897 5,118 113, 7S3 25,763 89,567 16,629

162, 608

19,2S0

10,042

20, 5S2

430, 5CS

67,732

337,261

7,709

Imports

from

United

States.

$56,587 43

3,374

1,253

406

1,146

4,271

1,231 747

576

438 1,240 1,587

Articles.

IMPORTS FOR CONSUMP- TION— continued.

Flour:

Corn

Oat

AVhcat

Fmits:

Dried

Fresh

Preserved

Furniture

Glas.s, manufactured

Gold, manulaetured

Hardware

Hats and bonnets

Iron and other metal manu-

facluresn.e.s. Iron:

Bars, sheets, and pig. . .

Galvanized

Lard

Leather:

Cut

Manufactured

Meats:

Canned

Dried

Medicines

Milk, preserved

Motorcycles

Nails

Total im- ports.

$186, 308

5,668

55, 312

5,922 19, 106

6,070 33,407 12, 332

4,985 33,004 22, 785

153, 557

71,830 31,685 24,991

8,886 11,104

61,208

1.013

27, 150

35,164

4,294

7,535

Imports

from United States.

118,789 391 222

292

372

7,690

891

303

2,917

9S0

4, SSI

416 1,366

463 '630

POETUGUESE EAST AFBICA.

Articles.

IMPORTS FOR CONSUMP- TION—coutinued.

Oils:

Linseed

Gasoliuo

I'eti oleum

Lubricating

Olive and other edible.

Paints and inks

Paper, n. e. s

Peanuts

Perfumery

Potatoes

Rice

Sardines, tunny, mackerel,

etc

Silver, bars

Soap

Steel bars and sheets

Sugar and candy

Sugar sirups

Tea

Telegraphic material

Telephone material

Typographic material

Typewriters

Tobacco

Turpentine

Vegetables

Vehicles, n. e. s

Wagons and other railway

rolling stock. Vv^iues, beer, and other

liquors. Vv^ire:

Mosquito

Smooih and barbed . . .

Wheat

Wood:

Manufactured

Timber

All other articles

Total

:N TEA2JSIT TO TR.YisSVAAL.

Ammunition

Automobiles

Bags and burlaps

Borax

Building materials

Candles

Carborato

Cement

Chemicals

Coffee

Cutlery

Cyanate

Electrical material

Fabrics, n. c. s

Tencing material

Ferment

Fish, preserved

Flour :

Corn

Oat

Wheat

Other

Total im- ports.

U, 620 7,990 30, 076 13.155 44. y4r, 29. 14.3 33, 9^3

12. .308 11.928 35, 321

173,247

43 952 l!405 5.3,111 11,195 13,sr.5 5, 954 15, C28

13, o;:g 7, 0.37 G, 255 C>, C(iS

42, 022

1,C.33

25, 23H

15, 294

£91,582

786, 796

r,47i

42,0^4 13, 879

13,327

109,754 515, 1.53

5, 136, 954

13,030

20. (-.05

521.225

47. 341

40,995

45, 095

104, 5-10

13, 225

160,959

17G, 474

23,115

1,295,876

753, 627

748.313

110,737

24,069

70,113

804, 358

17.357

6,013

14,007

Imports from

United States.

S7,S90

30, 076

12, 340

4,061

2,307

276

310

1,272

3,387

1,457

1.54

2,276

1,799

1,533

2,029

1,501 21,941 7,161

216, 143

12 1,105

32,657 172 4, -464 1,483 2, 303 64

29, 123 1,!-01 2,811 • 503

31,777

10, 770 2,023

22, 825 3,736

32, 843 1, 863 4, 145 2.204

Articles.

IN TRANSIT TO TRANSTA.tL-

continued.

Food preserves, n. e. s

Food products, n. e. s

Fruits, dried

Furniture

Gasoline

Glass, manufactured

Grea,=e, lubricating

Gums

Hardware

Instruments:

Agricultural

Surveying

Iron:

Bars and sheets

Corrugated

Enameled

I'ig

Iron and other metal man- ufactures, n. e. s

Lard

Machines, n. e. s

Meats, canned

Medicines

Milk, preserved

Blining material

Nails

Oil:

Castor

Cottonseed

Linseed

Mineral, lubricating

Olivo and other edible .

Petroleum

Packing, engine

Paints

Paper, n. o. s

Paper bags

Parafhn

Raihvay material

Kico

Rope

Sardines

Sewing machines

Soap:

Toilet

Washing

Sf eel bars and sheets

Sugar

Sugar sirups

Sweets

Tea

Tobacco

Turpentine

Vegetables

Vehicles, u. e. s

Whisky, brandy, gin, etc.. Wire:

Smooth and barbed . . .

Kope

Wood:

Timber

Manufactured

Zinc

All other articles

Total

Total im- ports.

$32 986 79, 470 59, 824 47, 736

450, 154 16, .366 96,425 21, -4(54 25, 445

271,094 9,753

102, 124

455, 723

17,391

6,762

1, 185, 236 41,,':38 2,037,911 153, 044 18, 783 6.5.3,113 427, 41)2 3G, 217

9 090

22' 358

20, 232

274,668

23, 503

324,513

37, 875

92, 883

90, 664

31,179

202, 225

736,476

231,470

53, 202

82,117

6,643

13, GOG

119,917

574,317

192, 632

152, 112

93,378

164,026

35, 868

18,417

45, 355

13, 843

297, 612

184, 326 153, 304

1,414,978

64, 283

225, .331

2, 055, 535

19,335,471

Imports from [fnited States.

SI, 318

2,170

7, 126

8,027

251,332

2,651

65,742

111

1,139

84, 730 6

37,620

14,387

168

52, 872 34, £43 82, 90o 22,096 452 66, 835 14,913 11,002

467

22, 043

239'

252,495

625

240, 420

28. 832

r>; G83

1,969

10, 773

179, 758

39, 549

340

157

257

1,0S9

2,4,57

70,383

702

824

1,553

3,495

7,142

17, 444

2,303

6,065

897

fO.eOD 2,057

435, 689 2G,3'lo 3,046 14,619

2,3S2,23£

SUPPLEMENT TO COMMERCE EEPOETS.

Articles of Import from United States into Other Ports.

The imports and their value from the United States into the other ports of the district — Inhambane, Cliindo, Quehmane, and Mozam- bique— during 1914 are given in the following table:

Articles.	Values.	Articles.	Values.	Articles.	Values.
INHAMBANE. Fabrics, n.e. s	?10^ l,So8 302 1,603 92 936 259 G, 120 730 9,070 16, 740 239 265 1,101 065 047	ciiiXDE — continued. Locks, bolts, hinges, etc	5104 511 1,351 1,842 991 1,420 400 12,249	QDELIMANE — Cont'd. Tools and instruments, n.e.s Turpentine	$300
	Oils: Gasoline	224
	Wood- Manufactured Timber . . .
	I'etroleum Mineral, lubricat- ing	£35
	1,344
Iron and other metal	All other articles Total	241
	Typewriters
Machines, agricultural Oils: Mineral, lubricat-	W ood , timber	20,913
All otlier articles Total	MOZAMBIQUE. Agricultural machin- ery

rctroleiim Railway inciter iai, n.e.s Turpentine	QUELIMANE. A jrricultural machines. Boats
2,4.56 4,719 5,922 1,247 634 624 1,004 118 1,310 335	348
Fabrics: Cotton	113
Vehicles, n.e. .s	Other	72
	Flour, corn	Flour, com	6,956
Manufactured . .	Furniture	Oils: Mineral, lubricat- ing
	Gasoline
	Instrumonts, survey- ing Iron and steel sheets	170
	Petroleiun Wood, timber	5,572 267
Total	40, S07
	All other articlo3 Total	1,771
	5,402 13S	1 Locks, bolts, etc Oils: Mineral, lubricat- ing
	15,269
Flour, corn
	Petroleum

The Export Trade.

The total exports of local produce throughout the Province fell from $2,157,472 in 1913 to $1,942,684 in 1914, a loss of $213,788, which was divided by the ports of Lourenco Marques and Quelimane, the other three ports — Inhambane, Chinde, and Mozambique — each showing a marked advance in their export trade. The decrease in exports from Lourenco Marques and Quelimane can be directly ascribed to the war, and also in the case of the latter port to the disappearance of the large item of rubber from its export list.

The following table shows the exports and their value of local produce from the ports of Lourenco Marques, Inhambane, Chinde, Quelimane, and Mozambique:

Articles.

LOURENCO MAEQUES.

Animals, live

Banguo

Beans, Kafir

Ceramics

Coir, liber

Fertilizer (whaling

by-product)

Fish:

Fresh

Dried

Flour, wheat

Forage

Hides and skins

Indian corn

Mangrove wood

Mapira (Kafir corn) . .

Values.

32,440 2,290

02, 726

1,421

945

2,144

1,369 637

1,314

210

17,235

5,424 185

4,590

Articles.

LOURENCO MARQUES

continued.

Oil seeds:

Castor

Mafureira

Peanuts

Sesame ...'.

Other

Oil:

Coconut

Peanut

Whale

Rico

Rubber, crude

Sugar

Tobacco :

Manufactured . .

Raw

Values.

$648

5,984

63,687

1,041

772

290

28, 908

1,400

910

:50, 449

6.075 7,213

Articles.

LOURENCO MABQUES—

continued.

Wax

All other articles

Total

INHAMBANE.

Copra

Ferdlizcr (whaling

by-product)

FL-Jh. dried

Hides and skins

(iurn copal

Oil seeds:

Mafureira

Peanuts

Values.

$1,846 4,702

482,905

$25,524

31,8.36

0,16S

1,750

774

26,579 66,852

POETtTGUESE EAST AFRICA.

Articles.	Values.	Articles.	Values.	Articles.	Values.
INHAM BANE— cont'd. Oil, whale	S234,917 0, 562 39,696 6,035 2,179	CHIKDE— conl inucd. Wood, timber All other articles Total	S9S1 5,321	MOZAMBIQUE. \nimnK, Ii'vn	?3,445
Rubber	BanfiiTe	2,629 29,026 9,285

Wax .	219, S74	Cai'hew nuts
AU other art icles	QUELIMANE.	Columbo root	998 2,265 98,400
60,300 264, 3.33 748 6,922 210 44, 270 618 23 23,597 3, 157 1,340
Total	448,872
	Mangrove bark Map j-a (Kafir corn) .. Oil seeds: Castor	22, 080 2S, 329
CIIINDE.	IS, 757 21,528 4,320 1,.565 1,129 6,792 1,862 28, 351 5,203 93, 667 30,398	Copra
Animals , live	Hides
Cotton, law	Mangrove bark Oil seeds: Cotton	2,671
Firewood	Peanuts	142, 544
Gold Ijars	Sesame	24,082 1,824
Ivorv	Peanut	Other
		Rice	6,832 3, .595
Oil seeds:	Other	Rubber
Cotton		Shells	1,718
Peanuts	\v ax	V>'ax	3, 515
Salt	All other articles Total	All other articles Total....-	3,277

wax.!i!!i!l!!l!!."!!l	405, 518	385,515

Large Decrease in Exports of Rubber.

As predicted in last year's report, it was found impracticable to work landolphia rubber at the extremely low prices prevailing in European markets. In 1913 exports of rubber from the Province had already shown a large decline, but still attained a value of $1-1,GG5. This smn fell in 1911 to $11,073, and unless there is a big improvement in the European prices the item will probably disap- pear from provincial statistics next year. However, the production of rubber under present conditions in this colony is in no way con- nected w^ith the vital industrial life of the Province. As previously stated, the supply of rubber in the Province is practically unlim- ited, but it is only available when high prices abroad allow a wide margin for profit. Shipments of Oilseeds — Whale Oil.

The large export of oilseeds fell from $675,130 in 1913 to $111,278 in 1914, a decrease due in part to the war, as the collection of these seeds for export was largely in the hands of German firm.s, and also to internal conditions. Again, the detailed figures, in spite of the large decrease, are encouraging. For instance, mafitreira, which grows wild, requires no attention from the native, and is gathered in largest quantities in time of famine, fell from $1590,429 in 1913 to $32,563 in 1914, but peanuts and cotton seed, cultivated crops, not only held their own but made a slight increase in spite of the adverse conditions confronting" the export trade. When it is remembered that the districts producing most oilseeds depended in the past almost entirely on the German East African Line steamers and their feeders, it can be seen that had communications not been interrupted by the war the year would have been a banner one for cultivated crops.

The following table gives comparative values of oilseeds exported during the last three years:

Seeds.	1912	1913	1914	Seeds.	1912	1913	1914
	$1,949 1,0S1 45, 354 406,893 1,881	Sll,381 1,443 290, 429 3.38, 149 1,923			520,104 11,796	$28,622 3, 183	S24, 732
Cotton	$2, 072 32, 563 345, 704 3,319	Other	2, SSS
	Total
Peanuts	495, 058	675,130 411.278
Castor beans

SUPPLEMENT TO COMMERCE EEPOKTS.

The export of whale oil fell off entirely from Quelimane, owing to the closing down of the floating factories, and decreased from Loiirenco Marques from $55,197 in 1013 to $28,908 in 1914, but the plant established at Inham})ane increased its output from $98,850 in 1913 to $234,917 in 1914, bringing the total exports of whale oil from the Province for the year up to $203,825 as against $220,456 for 1913. Exchange Rates.

In preparing the tables in this report the exchange is kept at the same par rate as for previous years, namely, $1.08 to the escudo (the new name for the Portuguese milreis) to make comparisons. Owing to the war there have been great variations in Portuguese exchange, and the actual average value of the escudo for the year was 8G cents in American gold, but under the peculiar circumstances of the Province this low figure did not affect the volume of trade. The English sovereign is legal tender throughout the Province, and not only the bulk of business is done in terms of English gold, but the provincial revenue from hut taxes, labor immigration, and customs is in gold. As a consequence, in spite of the depreciation of the escudo in Portugal, the finances and commerce of the Province have continued on a gold basis with an ample local gold reserve. Shipping at Lourenco Marques.

The following table shows the number and nationahty of vessels arriving at and departing from Lourenco Marques and the amount of cargo arrived and departed during the past two years:

	Arrivals.	Departures.
Nationality.	Number of vessels.	Cargo discharged.	Number of vessels.	Cargo shipped.
	1913	1914	1913	1914	1913	1914	1913	1914
American		1 380 2	Tons.	Tom. 1,380 192,868 544	'"'465' 2 1 f6 23 248 3 2 1 8	1 379 2 7 C2 18 201 3	Tons.	Tons.
British	404 2 1 8 86 25 249 4 2 1 8	253, 638 1,300	310,347	208 492
Danish	6,000
Dutch	300 211 9.268 82,588 29, 088 4,527
French	7 C5 14 199 2	498 99, 3S4 CO, 350 26,904 8,800 1,214	1,098 55, 790 7,757 24,318 2,655	1 500
	8,442 35 106
Norwegian
Portuguese	27 181
	4 700
Siamese
Spanish		ii'	1,000 4,800
Swedish	12	10, 027	13,862	25 700

Total	790	682	452, 115	300,272	786	684	442,729	377 121

The total tonnage of vessels entering the port of Lourenco Marques in 1914 was 2,416,962, compared with 2,024,234 tons for 1913.

THE CHARTERED COMPANIES.

At present the governor general of the Province of Mozambique, with residence at Lourenco Marques, rules over only 293,580 out of the 426,712 square miles, which is the total area of Portuguese East Africa, a strip of territory over 1,000 miles long, whose principal wealth lies in the fact that it contains the four best natural harbors on the entire east coast of Africa. The Mozambique Co. and the Nyassa Co. control the remaining territory, the former having 59,840 and the latter 73,292 square miles.

PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA.

This division of sovereignty which has just been emphasized by the autonomy granted to that section of the colony which is under the governor general, is as real and complete as though the three entities were separated by seas instead of by boundary lines. Not only are there three distinct governments, each equally subject to the mother country, but the division is carried down to the smallest com- mercial and fiscal detail. Mozambique Co. Leads Commercially.

The Mozambique Co., while controlling a smaller area than the Nyassa Co., is beyond the latter in development and general commer- cial importance.

The relative position of the two companies is shown in the follow- ing tables which. are given in some detail, so that American manu- facturers caji judge for themselves the possibilities of each company either as a I'larivct or a producer.

The entire European or white population of the Mozambique Co. does not exceed 2,000, while a rough estimate of the same class of inhabitants in the Nyassa Co. would put the figure at about 500.

The value of the two companies to their stockholders, measured in dividends, has been practically nil since their foundation, but never- theless, in the case of the Mozambique Co., steady progress h'ls been made, and the port of Beira is rapidly approaching the proportions of an important commercial and transshipment center. Trade of the Chartered Companies.

The total value of the trade of the chartered companies of Portu- guese East Africa, exclusive of coin and bullion, for 1913 and 1914 follows :

Ports and year.	Imports.	Ex]iorts (domestic and for- eign na- tionalized).	Reexports.	Transit trade.	Total.
Mozambique Co. (port of Beira): 1913	S3,C49,1S]	S2, 704, S90 2,569,114 382,804 253, 126	$.3,650,371 4,846,345 64,929 30,266	$8, 327, 204 6, 136, 730	§17,731,655
1914	2,229,765 627,960 513,261	15,781,954 1, 075, 693
Nyassa Co. (port of Ibo and Porto Amelia): 1913
1911	1,336	797,989

Total chartered companies: 1913	3,677,141 2, 743, 026	3,087,703 2, 822, 240	3, 715, .300 4,876,611	8,327,204 6,138,066	18,807,348
1911	16,579,943

As shown by the foregoing table, the total trade figures for the Nyassa Co. are small compared with those of the Mozambique Co. In 1914 the total imports for local consumption at the port of Beira (Mozambique Co.) were $2,229,765, as compared with $3,049,181 in 1913. The exports of domestic products of the Mozambique Co. for 1914 were valued at $2,003,648, compared with $2,131,580 for 1913. The domestic exports of the Nyassa Co. vrere valued at $248,419, compared with $355,620.

Importance of the Port of Beira — Imports.

Owing to the war and the consequent paralization of the three branches of the German steamship line which converged on Beira and made it a collecting port for all coast products from parallel 22 south to the northern limits of Portuguese territory the figures for 1914 show a sharp decline from those for the preceding year. But

SUPPLEMENT TO COMMERCE EEPOETS.

T^-hen due alloTrance is made for the unusual conditions obtaining it "u-ill be seen that Beira is still a center of importance and bound to grow owing to its commercially strategic position with reference to Southern Ehodesia and the Katanga, which district of the Belgian Congo is already exporting its copper through this far-away port on the east coast of Africa.

The following table shows the imports for local consimiption and their value intothe port of Beira (Mozambique Co.) for 1914:

Articles.

Aerated waters

AgricTiltural machines

Alcohol

Animals

Bags and burlaps

Beer

Boats

Boots and shoes

Butter

Canvas

Cement

Coal

Fabrics:

Cotton- Dyed and

printed

Gray and bleached

Other, n. e. s

Fish, dried

Flour, corn

Food preserves

Value.

Articles.

W.330

485,6.32

27,557

lo,G4o

140,051

2t5. 13J

74.970

12,522

20,977

7, .354

10, 169

28,964

1S9, 131

90,072 25,606 S,8SS 21,832 30,762

Food products

Guns

Hats and bonnets

Instruments and tools

Iron, galvanized

Iron and steel:

Bars and sheets.. Tubes, columns,

etc

Lard

Legumes (dried beans,

peas, etc.)

Medicines

Meats, preserved

Metal manaiaotures,

n. e. s

Oils:

Olive

Mineral—

Petroleum . . .

Other

Paints

Value.

Articles.

$13,045 5.G9-5 7,130 11,510 19,457

16,630

9,3S7 10, 74S

9,65S 9,900 16, 726

52,871

9,904

10, OW 23,090

5,493

Paper, writing

Quicklime

Railway material

Rice

Soap, washing

Suzar

Sweets

Tea

Tobacco, manofcic tured

Uniforms

Wines

Wire, barbed

Wood:

Manufactured

Timber

All other articles

Total

Value.

r,3i3

10,035

112,980

74,103

15,300

5,6S2

7,202

7,047

24,9S3 6.970

78,296 9,904

15,463 141,615 230,020

2,229,765

Imports from United States into Beira.

The imports from the United States into the port of Beira de- creased in value from $-292,6-22 for 1913 to $17.5.317 for 1911. Agri- cultural machines represent an important item in the imports from the United States, and these declined in value from $21.5.482 for 1913 to $123,827 for 1914. The following were the articles and their value from the United States for last vear :

Articles.	Value.	Articles.	Value.	1 Articles.	v'aluc.
Agricultural machines	5123,827 173 103 14,879 76 259 60 441 116	Hats and bonnets Iron bars	S19S SOS 1,400 6,893 3,023 432	Tobacco, manufac- tured	$167
	Metal manufactures, n. e. s Oils, mineral: Petroleum Othor	Wire, fencing	2,978
	; Wood: 1 Manufactured Timber
Fabrics: Cotton-	1,814 13,298 3,614
All othfr articles
	Paper, writing
	465 104 1S9	; Total	175 317
Food preserves Food products	Sewing machines

Exports from the Port of Beira.

The exports of local produce from the port of Beira during 1914 were valued at $2,003,648, compared with $2,131,580 for 1913. The prmcipal items were sugar, gold bars, Indian corn, peanuts, man- errove bark, etc. The items and their value were as follows for 1914 :

Articles.	Value.	Articles.	Value.	Articles.	Value.
	S20.CS3 4,7S1 317,-5.37 2. 12.S 232,417		S9.1S1 34.540 , 42,090 ! 7.242 7,-378 i	Sugar Wax All other articles Total	$1,280,468
	Mangrove bark Oilsecd.s: Peanuts	33,070
	12,223
Hides and skins
[ Salt '.'.	2,003,&48

PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA.

The exports of local produce to the United States from the port of Beira during last year were valued at $24,952, as compared with $30,314 for 1913. The items were: Mangrove bark, $15,394; raw cotton, $9,342 ; and other articles, $216.

Shipping Statistics.

The number of vessels arriving at the port of Beira decreased from 534 in 1913 to 499 for 1914, and those leaving from 529 to 493. The nationality of vessels arriving and leaving and the amount of cargo discharged or shipped follow :

	AiTivals.	Departures.
Nationality.	Number of vessels.	Car^jo d Ls- chargod.	Number of vessels.	Cargo shipped.
	191.3	19U	1913	1914	1913	1014	1913	1914
British	23G	224 1 1 143 3 121 6	Tons. 103, 002	Tons. 01.996 '908	231	221 1 1 141 3 120 6	Tons. 55,358	Tons. £6, 453

Frcncli
German	197	23,814 "i'/V)?'	17,.S25 1,090 6,123 4,339	106 94' s'	22, 057 "'5,564' 4'	14,737
Norwegian	3,818
PorlueuesQ	93	7,343
Swedish	3
	S

Total	53-1	499	130,942	92, 281	529	493	82,923	92,357

Imports of the Hyassa Co.

The total imports for consumption into the territory of the Nyassa Co. for 1914 were valued at $607,138. The principal items were as follows :

Articles.

Agricultural and in- dustrial machinery.. Animals, live:

Mules

Oxen

Bags, burlaps, and

cotton waste

Beads

Boats

Boots and shoes

Butter

Canvas and tarpau- lins

Cement and quick- lime

Cigarette paper

Coin:

Copper

Gold

Silver

Corn flour

Crockery

Fabrics: Cotton- Dyed and

printed

Gray and

bleached

Firearms

Food preserves

Food products

Value.

$2,614

1,340 39, 420

17,949 3, 083

10, 8S2 2,394 8, 097

3,33s

2, 265 1,503

2,160 86,315 5,400 5,898 2,854

106, 707

86, 324 1,170

0,255 12,684

Articles.

Fruits

Hardware

Hoes, kafir

Lamps

Lard

Locks, bolts, hinges,

etc

Matches

Meats, canned

Medicines

Metals:

Copper

Iron manufactures

Ii-on and steel bars, sheets

Lead and zinc — Bars and sheets Manufactures.

Military supplies

Milli. preserved

Nails

Oils:

olive and other food oils

Petroleum

Paints and inks

Paper, blank books, and office supplies..

Potatoes

Printed matter

Rico

Value.

81,499 7,939 2,129 2, 268 805

9,648 1,067 2,580 2,008

694 5,822

C67

9, 280

.543

1,080

1, 056

908

3,090 2,845 1,500

1,618 1,444 1, 734 5, 963

Articles.

Sardines, mackerel,

tunny, etc

Soap:

Toilet

Washing

Spices

Sugar and candy

Tea

Telegraphic material. . Tobacco, manufac- tured

Tools and instruments

Twine, cotton

Vegetables

Vehicles, all kinds

War material

Wheat

Wines, beer, etc.: Beer, cider, and other fermented. Brandy, gin, whis- ky

Champagne, port, Madeira, and all

other

Wood, timber

All other articles

Total

Value.

$1, 422

912 3,402 1,286 9, 12.5 2,290 20, 531

6, 831 6,923 1,743 2, 583 12 482 19^991 1,915

1,011 2,32S

7,349 4, 688 23,392

607, 133

The imports from the United States into the Nyassa Co.'s terri- tory during 1914 were valued at only $226, made up of hardware, tools, and other iron and steel goods.