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3 0864 1001 6093 9

SUPPORT OF AQUATIC LIFE USES

IN CARELESS CREEK, LODGEPOLE CREEEK,

AND THE SOUTH FORK OF LODGEPOLE CREEK

BASED ON THE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE

OF THE BENTHIC ALGAE COMMUNITY

Prepared for:

State of Montana Department of Environmental Quality P.O. Box 200901 Helena, Montana 59620-0901

Project Officer: Carol Endicott DEQ Contract No. 200012

DRAFT

STATE DOCUMENTS COLLECTION

OCT 1 5 2002

MONTANA STATE LIBRARY

1515 E. 5th AVE. HELENA, MONTANA 59620

/

Prepared by:

Loren L. Bahls, Ph.D. Hannaea 1032 Twelfth Avenue Helena, Montana 59601

February 2 00 0

RECEiVED

FEB 22 2000

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SUMMARY

In July and August 1999, composite periphyton samples were collected from natural substrates in Careless Creek, Lodgepole Creek, and the South Fork of Lodgepole Creek in the middle and lower Musselshell River drainage of central Montana. Samples were collected following MDEQ standard operating procedures, processed and analyzed using standard methods for periphyton, and evaluated following modified USEPA rapid bioassessment protocols for wadeable streams.

Diatom metrics indicated that Careless Creek fully supports its aquatic life uses when compared to biocriteria for prairie streams. A case may be made, however, based on algal floristics, that lower Careless Creek is transitional between cold and warm water aquatic life, and would b'e more appropriately classified as B-2 rather than C-3. If such were the case, diatom metrics for Careless Creek would be compared to biocriteria for mountain streams and this comparison would indicate moderate impairment from siltation and only partial support of designated uses.

Diatom metrics at the site near the mouth of Lodgepole Creek indicated moderate impairment and only partial support of aquatic life uses due to siltation, organic loading, and nutrient enrichment. Nitrogen is the likely nutrient of concern in Lodgepole Creek.

The South Fork of Lodgepole Creek had low diatom diversity and species richness for a prairie stream, resulting in a rating of moderate impairment and partial support of aquatic life uses. The low diversity was due mainly to the unusually large numbers of Achnanthes rninutissima at this site. The abundance of this species here and the presence of other cool -water and pollution sensitive algal taxa, indicate that the stress operating in the South Fork may be natural rather than cultural in origin.

INTRODUCTION

This report evaluates the support of aquatic life uses, and probable causes of impaiirment to those uses, in Careless Creek, Lodgepole Creek, and the South Fork of Lodgepole Creek in the Musselshell River basin of central Montana. This evaluation is part of a larger assessment that was conducted by staff of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA, and the Montana Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) .

Evaluation of use support in this report is based on the species composition and structure of periphyton (phytobenthos , benthic algae) communities at 3 sites, one on each stream, that were sampled in July and August of 1999. The periphyton community is a basic biological' component of all aquatic ecosystems. Periphyton accounts for much of the primary production and biological diversity in Montana streams (Bahls et al . 1992) .

Plafkin et al . (1989) and Stevenson and Bahls (1999) list several advantages of using periphyton in biological assessments of streams:

• Algae are universally present in large numbers in all streams and unimpaired periphyton assemblages typically support a large number (>30) of species;

• Algae have rapid reproduction rates and short life cycles, making them useful indicators of short-term impacts,-

• As primary producers, algae are most directly affected by physical and chemical factors, such as temperature, nutrients, and toxins;

• Sampling is quick, easy and inexpensive,, and causes minimal damage to resident biota and their habitat;

• Standard methods and criteria exist for evaluating the composition, structure, and biomass of algal associations;

• Identification co species is straightforward for the diatoms, far which there is a large body of taxonomic and ecological literature;

• Excessive algae growth in streams is often correctly perceived as a problem by the public.

• Periphyton and other biological communities reflect the biological integrity- of waterbodies ; restoring and maintaining the biological integrity of waterbodies is a goal of the federal Clean Water Act;

• Periphyton and other biological communities integrate the effects of different stressors and provide a measure of their aggregate impact; and

•

Periphyton and other biological communities may be the only practical means of evaluating impacts from non-point sources of pollution where specific ambient criteria do not exist (e.g., impacts that degrade habitat or increase nutrients).

Periphyton is a diverse assortm.ent of simple photosynthetic organisms called algae, and other microorganisms that live attached to or in close proximity of the stream bottom. Most algae, such as the diatoms, are microscopic. Diatoms are distinguished by having a cell wall composed of opaline glass- - hydrated amorphous silica. Diatoms often carpet a stream bottom with a slippery brown film.

Some algae, such as the filamentous greens, are conspicuous and their excessive growth may be aesthetically displeasing, deplete dissolved oxygen, interfere with fishing and fish spawning, clog irrigation intakes, create tastes and odors in drinking water, and cause other problems.

The federal Clean Water Act directs states to develop water

• Biological integrity is defined as "the ability of an aquatic ecosystem to support and maintain a balanced, integrated, adaptive community of organisms having a species composition, diversity, and functional organization comparable to that of natural habitats within a region" {Karr and Dudley 1981) .

pollution control plans (Total Maximum Daily Loads or TMDLs) that set limits on pollution loading to water-quality limited" waters . Water-quality limited waters are lakes and stream segments that do not meet water-quality standards, that is, that do not fully support their beneficial uses. The Clean Water Act and EPA regulations require each state to (1) identify waters that are water-quality limited, (2) prioritize and target waters for TMDLs, and (3) develop TMDL plans to attain and maintain water- quality standards for all water-quality limited waters.

The purpose of this report is to provide information that will help the State of Montana to determine whether Careless Creek, Lodgepole Creek, and the South Fork of Lodgepole Creek are water-quality limited and in need of TMDLs.

PROJECT AREA AND SAMPLING SITES

The project area is located in the middle and lower Musselshell River drainage of central Montana. Careless Creek heads in the Big Snowy Mountains and flows southeasterly for about 30 miles to where it enters the Musselshell River east of Ryegate in Golden Valley County. Lodgepole Creek heads in western Garfield County and enters the Musselshell River just before its confluence with the Missouri River.

The project area is located in the Northwestern Great Plains Ecoregion, although the headwaters of Careless Creek are in the Middle Rockies Ecoregion (Omernik and Gallant 1987) . The surface geology of the Careless Creek and Lodgepole Creek watersheds consists primarily of marine shales, sandstones, and siltstones of the Montana Group (Taylor and Ashley, undated) .

Vegetation along lower Careless Creek and in the upper Lodgepole Creek watershed is mixed grassland; river breaks along

lower Lodgepole Creek are dominated by an overstory of ponderosa pine and Rocky Mountain juniper (USDA 1976) . The main land use in both watersheds is livestock grazing, although water quality in lower Careless Creek is also affected by releases of water from Deadman's Basin Reservoir, an off -stream irrigation water storage reservoir.

Periphyton samples were collected at one site each on Careless Creek, Lodgepole Creek, and the South Fork of Lodgepole Creek in July and August 1999 (Table 1; maps) . Elevations at the sampling sites range from 3,600 feet near the mouth of Careless Creek to 2,850 feet on the South Fork of Lodgepole Creek, to 2,300 feet near the mouth of Lodgepole Creek. All three sites are classified C-3 in the Montana Surface Water Quality Standards, although Deadman's Basin Reservoir and Careless Creek above Swimming Woman Creek are "classified B-1. Both of these waters are immediately upstream from the reach containing the Careless Creek sampling site.

METHODS

Periphyton samples were collected following standard operating procedures of the MDEQ Planning, Prevention, and Assistance Division. Using appropriate tools, microalgae were scraped, brushed, or sucked from natural substrates in proportion to the rank of those substrates at the study site. Macroalgae were picked by hand in proportion to their abundance at the site. All collections of microalgae and macroalgae were pooled into a common container and preserved with Lugol ' s solution.

The sample from Careless Creek was collected by Carole Mackin, MDEQ. The samples from Lodgepole Creek and the South Fork of Lodgepole Creek were collected by Warren PCellogg, NRCS .

Samples were examined to estimate the relative abundance and rank by biovolume of diatoms and genera of soft (non-diatom) algae according to the method described in Bahls (1993) . Soft algae were identified using Dillard (1999) , Prescott (1978) , Smith (1950) , and Whitford and Schumacher (1984) . These books also served as references on the ecology of the soft algae.

After the identification of soft algae, raw periphyton samples were cleaned of organic matter using sulfuric acid, and permanent diatom slides were prepared in a high refractive index mounting medium following Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA 1998) . For each slide, between 457 and 483 diatom cells (914 to 966 valves) were counted at random and identified to species. The following were used as the main taxonomic and autecological references for the diatoms : Krammer and Lange-Bertalot 1986, 1988, •1991a, 1991b; Patrick and Reimer 1966, 1975.

Lowe (1974) was also used as an ecological reference for the diatoms. Eahls et al . (1984) provide, autecological information on important diatom species that live in the Southern Fort Union Coal Region of eastern Montana, including many of the diatom species in Careless Creek and Lodgepole Creek.

The diatom proportional counts were used to generate an array of diatom association metrics (Table 2) . A metric is a characteristic of the biota that changes in some predictable way with increased human influence (Barbour et al . 1999) .

One additional metric was calculated for this study: percent of all diatom cells in the family Epithemiaceae . This family is represented in streams by two genera, Epithemia and Rhopalodia, that harbor endosymbiotic nitrogen- fixing bluegreen algae (cyanobacteria) within their cells. A diatom association that contains a large percentage of cells in these genera may

indicate nitrogen-limiting conditions, that is, low nitrogen to "phosphorus ratios (Stevenson and Pan 1999) .

Metric values from study sites were compared to numeric biocriteria developed for streams in the Great Plains Ecoregions of Montana (Table 3) using Protocol I in Bahls (1993) . These criteria are based on metric values measured in least-impaired reference streams (Bahls et al . 1992) and on metric values measured in streams that are known to be impaired by various sources, causes, and degrees of pollution (Bahls 1993).

The criteria in Table 3 distinguish among four levels of impairment and three levels of aquatic life use support: no impairment or only minor impairment (full support); moderate impairment (partial support) ; and severe impairment (nonsupport) . These impairment levels correspond to excellent, good, fair, and poor biological integrity, respectively.

Protocol II (Bahls 1993) is based on the percentage of change in metric values at study sites when compared to values measured at an upstream, control site. Protocol II may be used on relatively short segments of stream where an upstream control site fully supports its aquatic life uses, that is, where it has a rating of "good" or "excellent" biological integrity using Protocol I. Protocol II could not be applied to Careless Creek because a sample was not collected from an upstream control site,- it could not be applied in Lodgepole Creek because both sites in this drainage suffered moderate impairment under Protocol I.

For Protocol I, only periphyton samples collected in summer (June 21-September 21) can be compared with confidence to reference stream samples because metric values change seasonally and summer is the season in which reference streams and impaired streams were sampled for the purpose of biocriteria development. (Protocol II can be used at any time of the year.)

Quality Assurance. Several steps were taken to assure that the study results are accurate and reproducible. Upon receipt of the samples, station and sample information were recorded in a laboratory notebook and samples were assigned a unique number compatible with the Montana Diatom Database, e.g., 0379-04. The first part of this number (0379) designates the sampling site (Careless Creek near mouth) ,■ the second part of the number (04) designates the number of periphyton samples that have been collected at this site to date for v;hich data have been entered into the Montana Diatom Database.

Sample observations and analyses of soft (non-diatom) algae were recorded in a lab notebook along with station and sample information provided by MDEQ . A portion of the raw sample was used to make duplicate diatom slides.

On completion of the project, station information, sample information, and diatom proportional count data will be entered into the Montana Diatom Database. One set of diatom slides will be deposited in the University of Montana Herbarium in Missoula. The other set of slides will be retained by Hannaea in Helena.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results are presented in Tables 4 and 5 located near the end of this report following the Literature Cited section. Spreadsheets containing completed diatom proportional counts, with species pollution tolerance classes (PTC) and calculated percent abundances, are attached as Appendix A.

SAMPLE NOTES

Careless Creek. This sample was very silty. The sample also contained macrophytes . Trichomes of Phorrnidium in this sample were very narrow.

Lodgepole Creek. This sample was silty and contained sections of macrophyte stems and leaves. This sample also contained a species of Phormidium with very narrow trichomes.

South Fork Lodgepole Creek. The Chaetophora in this sample had long setae and compact colonies, which distinguished it from Stigeoclonium. This sample contained a species of Oscillatoria with narrow trichomes.

NON-DIATOM ALGAE

Careless Creek

The dominant alga in Careless Creek was Cladophora, a branched filamentous green that prefers cool, nutrient-rich, flowing waters. Also common here, besides diatoms, were two genera of cyanobacteria : Calothrix and Phormidium (Table 4).

LodQepole Creek

Lodgepole Creek and the South Fork of Lodgepole Creek both supported a rich variety of green, blue-green, and euglenoid algae, besides diatoms (Table 4) . The green macroalga Chara dominated the flora of Lodgepole Creek, while the unbranched filamentous green Spirogyra was most abundant in the South Fork, where Chara ranked second in abundance .

Chara prefers soft-bottom, low-gradient, hardwater streams. Spirogyra, along with Anajbaeria and Euglena, which were found in both streams, may indicate elevated concentrations of nutrients. The presence of Chaetophora and Cladophora in the South Fork (Table 4) indicates cool water temperatures relative to main Lodgepole Creek, where these genera were absent.

DIATOMS

Careless Creek

Careless Creek supported a rich diversity of diatom species (Table 5). Nevertheless, the dominant diatom here was the pollution-tolerant species Navicula durrenbergiana, which has been reported from brackish to saline waters in Europe and Israel (Krammer and Lange-Bertalot 1986) . In the Southern Fort Union

Coal Region of Montana, this species (misidentif ied as Navicula pavillardii) prefers brackish, sodium sulfate waters, water temperatures between 21 and 3 0''C, coarse sand substrates, and pH values greater than 8.10; it also tolerates some suspended sediment, turbidity, and chloride (Bahls et al . 1984).

The relative abundance of Navicula durrenbergiana and other pollution tolerant diatoms in Careless Creek resulted in a marginal pollution index that indicated minor impairment but still full support of aquatic life uses (Table 5) .

The relative abundance of diatoms in the genera Navicula and Nitzschia resulted in a siltation index value of 45.14 (Table 5) . This is a normal but marginal value for least -impaired prairie streams. Careless Creek is classified C-3 at the sampling site, but it is classified B-l about -10 miles upstream from this point, above its confluence with Swimming Woman Creek (Montana Surface Water Quality Standards 1994) . Careless Creek near its mouth has elements of both a cold-water and a warm-water flora, indicating that the stream here might be more appropritatelay classified as B-2. If such were the case, the siltation index would indicate moderate impairment and only partial support of aquatic life.

Careless Creek supported a modest number of cells in the diatom family Epithemiaceae , and the largest relative abundance of diatoms in this family of the three streams addressed in this report (Table 5) . This would indicate that, of the three streams, nitrogen would more likely be the limiting nutrient in Careless Creek than in the other two streams.

Lodqepole Creek

Diatom diversity and species richness in Lodgepole Creek were excellent, but a large percentage of pollution tolerant diatoms and a large percentage of diatoms in the genera Navicula

10

and Nitzschia resulted in pollution and siltation index values that indicated moderate impairment and only partial support of aquatic life uses (Table 5) .

Nitzschia frusculum was the dominant diatom in Lodgepole Creek. This species is widely distributed in eastern Montana and was the most common diatom in the Southern Fort Union Coal Region, where it tolerates large amounts of suspended sediment and turbidity, although it does best at smaller concentrations (Bahls et al . 1984) .

The other major diatom species near the mouth of Lodgepole Creek was Nitzschia palea (Table 5) . N. palea is a facultative nitrogen heterotroph and, in large numbers, a good indicator of elevated concentrations of organic nitrogen. In the Southern Fort Union Region, this diatom "prefered fresh to brackish and very hard to extremely hard waters,- it was also indifferent to moderate amounts of suspended sediment, turbidity, and chloride (Bahls et al . 1984) .

South Fork Lodcrepole Creek

The South Fork of Lodgepole Creek had very low diatom diversity and species richness for a prairie stream (Table 5) . These low values resulted in a rating of moderate impairment and partial support of aquatic life uses.

The low diversity in the South Fork was due in part to the unusual abundance of the pollution sensitive species Achnanthes winutissima (Table 5) . Although often abundant in mountain streams, A. minutissiwa rarely accounts for more than a few percent of the diatom cells in prairie streams. Its abundance in the South Fork is another indicator of the cool water temperatures that evidently prevailed in this stream prior to sampling. This indicates that at least a portion of the stress

11

that caused the low diversity in the South Fork was natural, rather than cultural, in origin.

Besides Nitzschia frustulum, the other major diatom in the South Fork of Lodgepole Creek was Synedra famelica (Table 5) . In the Southern Fort Union Coal Region of Montana, this diatom prefers brackish, extremely hard waters with large concentrations of sulfate and small amounts of suspended sediment and turbidity (Bahls et al . 1984) . Overall, the major diatoms in the South Fork of Lodgepole Creek indicate cool, clear waters of moderate conductivity and low levels of suspended sediment and siltation.

LITERATURE CITED

APHA. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Edition. American Public Health •Association, Washington, D.C.

Bahls, L.L. 1979. Benthic diatom diversity as a measure of water quality. Proc . Mont. Acad. Sci . 38:1-6.

Bahls, L.L. 1993. Periphyton Bioassessment Methods for Montana Streams (Revised) . Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena.

Bahls, L.L., Bob Bukantis, and Steve Tralles. 1992. Benchmark

Biology of Montana Reference Streams. Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena.

Bahls, L.L., E.E. Weber, and J. 0. Jarvie . 1984. Ecology and Distribution of Major Diatom Ecotypes in the Southern Fort Union Coal Region of Montana. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1289, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington .

Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.D. Snyder, and J.B. Stribling.

1999. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish. Second Edition. EPA/841-B-99- 002 . U.S. EPA, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.

12

Dillard, G.E. 1999. Common Freshwater Algae of the United States. J. Cramer, Berlin.

Karr, J.R., and D.R. Dudley. 1981. Ecological perspectives on water quality goals. Environmental Management 5:55-69.

Krammer, K., and H. Lange-Bertalot . 1986. Bacillariophyceae, Part 2, Volume 1: Naviculaceae . In Ettl, H., J. Gerloff, H. Heynig, and D. Mollenhauer (eds.), Freshwater Flora of Middle Europe. Gustav Fischer Publisher, New York.

Krammer, K., and H. Lange-Bertalot. 1988. Bacillariophyceae, Part 2, Volume 2: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae , Surirellaceae . In Ettl, H., J. Gerloff, H. Heynig, and D. Mollenhauer (eds.), Freshwater Flora of Middle Europe. Gustav Fischer Publisher, New York.

Krammer, K., and H. Lange-Bertalot. 1991a. Bacillariophyceae, Part 2, Volume 3: Centrales, Fragilariaceae , Eunotiaceae. In Ettl, H., J. Gerloff, H. Heynig, and D. Mollenhauer (eds.), Freshwater Flora of Middle Europe. Gustav Fischer Publisher, Stuttgart.

Krammer, K., and H. Lange-Bertalot. 1991b. Bacillariophyceae, Part 2, Volume 4: Achnanthaceae, Critical Supplement to Navicula (Lineolatae) and Gomphonema, Complete List of Literature for Volumes 1-4. I.t Ettl, H., G. Gartner, J. Gerloff, H. Heynig, and D. Mollenhauer (eds.), Freshwater Flora of Middle Europe. Gustav Fischer Publisher, Stuttgart.

Lange-Bertalot, Horst. 1979. Pollution tolerance of diatoms as a criterion for water quality estimation. Nova Hedwigia 64 :2S5-304 .

Lowe, R.L. 1974. Environmental Requirements and Pollution Tolerance of Freshwater Diatoms. EPA-670/4-74-005 .

McFarland, B.H., B.H. Hill, and W.T. Willingham. 1997. Abnormal Fragilaria spp . (Bacillariophyceae) in streams impacted by mine drainage. Jour, of Freshwater Ecology 12 (1 ): 141-149 .

Omernik, J.M., and A.L. Gallant. 1987. Ecoregions of the West

Central United States (map). U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon.

Patrick, Ruth, and C.W. Reiraer. 1966. The Diatoms of The United States Exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii. Volume 1: Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae, Achnanthaceae, Naviculaceae. Monograph Number 13, The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia .

13

•

Patrick, Ruth, and C.W. Reimer. 1975. The Diatoms of The United States Exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii. Volume 2, Part 1: Entomoneidaceae, Cymbellaceae, Gomphonemaceae , Epithemiaceae . Nonograph Number 13, The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

Plafkin, J.L., M.T. Barbour, K.D. Porter, S.K. Gross, and R.M. Hughes. 1989. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Rivers and Streams: Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish. EPA 440-4-89-001.

Prescott, G.W. 1978. How to Know the Freshwater Algae. Third Edition. Wm. C. Brown Company Publishers, Dubuque, Iowa.

Smith, G.M. 1950. the Fresh-Water Algae of The United States. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.

Stevenson, R.J., and L.L. Bahls. 1999. Periphyton Protocols. Chapter 6 in Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.D. Snyder, and J.E. Stribling. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish. Second Edition. EPA/841-B- 99- 002. U.S. EPA, Office of -Water, Washington, D.C.

Stevenson, R.J., and Y. Pan. 1999. Assessing Environmental

Conditions in Rivers and Streams with Diatoms. Chapter 2 in . Stoermer, E.F., and J. P. Smol (eds.), The Diatoms: Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences. Cambridge University Press, New York.

Taylor, R.L, and J.M. Ashley. Undated. Geological Map of

Montana and Yellowstone National Park. Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman.

USDA. 1976. Climax Vegetation of Montana (map). U. S.

Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Cartographic Unit, Portland.

Whitford, L.A., and G.J. Schumacher. 1984. A Manual of Fresh- Water Algae (Revised) . Sparks Press, Raleigh, North Carolina .

Whittaker, R.H. 1952. A study of summer foliage insect

communities in the Great Smoky Mountains. Ecological Monographs 22:1-44.

14

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Careless Creek near mouth (08/23/1999)

2/12/2000

Sample | Genus/Species/Variety i	PTC	Count 1	Percent
037904 Achnanthes minutissima	3	- 58	6.03
037904, Amphipleura pellucida	2	12	1.25
037904 Amphora pediculus	3	2	0.21
037904 Cocconeis pediculus	3	3	0.31
037904 Cocconeis placentula	3	57	5.93
037904 Cyclotella bodanica ,	3	2	0.21
037904 Cycloiella meneqhiniana	2	i;	0.10
037904 Cymbella affinis 1	3	19i	1.98
037904 Cymbella caespitosa j	2	21	2.18
037904 Cymbella microcephala	2	15:	1.56
037904Cymbella minuta	2	17	1.77
037904 Cymbella muelleri	2	4	0.42
037904 Cymbella silesiaca	2	12	1.25
037904 Cymbella sinuata '	3	12	1.25
037904 Diatoma tenue	2	19	1.98
037904 Diploneis puella '	2	10	1.04
037904 Entomoneis paludosa	2	1	0.10
037904 Epithemia sorex ;	3	23	2.39
037904 Epithemia turqida	3	2	0.21
037904 Fraqilaria atomus	3	2i;	2.18
037904 Fraqilaria construens	3	18	1.87
037904 Fraqilaria vaucheriae	2	106	11.02
037904 Gomphonema minutum	3	2	0.21
037904 Gomphonema olivaceum	3	32	3.33
037904 Gomphonema parvulum	1	5'	0.52
037904 Gyrosiqma spencerii	2	2	0.21
037904 Masloqioia elliptica	2	2	0.21
037904 Mastoqioia smithli	2	4	0.42
037904Na\/icula capitata	2	0	0.00
037904 Navicula capitatoradiata	2	18	1.87
037904 Navicula caterva	2	6-	0.62
037904 Navicula circumtexta 037904 Navicula cryptotenella	1 2	0	0.00
5	0.52
037904 Navicula cuspidata	2	1	0.10
037904 Navicula durrenberqiana	1	144	14.97
037904 Navicula erifuqa	2	3	0.31
037904 Navicula qreqaria	2	4	0.42
037904 Navicula halophila	1	3	0.31
037904 Navicula notha	2	0	0.00
037904 Navicula omissa	1	0	0.00
037904 Navicula pereqrina	2	0	0.00
037904 Navicula reichardtiana	2	7	0.73
037904 Navicula schroeterii :	2	14	1.46
037904 Navicula slesvicensis	2	3	0.31
037904 Navicula vandamii	2	5	0.52
037904 Navicula veneta	1	2	0.21
037904 Navicula vindula	2	0	0.00
037904 Nitzschia aciculans	2	2	0.21
037904 Nitzschia anqustata j	2	Ol	0.00
037904 Nitzschia anqustatula	2	2,	0.21
037904 Nitzschia apiculata	2	4	0.42
037904 Nitzschra auranae	1	2	0.21
037904 Nitzschia capitellata	2	2	0.21
037904 Nitzschia dissipata	3	73	7.59
037904 Nitzschia filiformis	2	6	0.62
037904iNitzschia frustulum	2	34i	3.53
037904 Nitzschia qracills	2	14	1.46
037904 Nitzschia incoqnita	2	i.	0.21
037904 Nitzschia inconspicua	2	2	0.21
037904 Nitzschia levidensis	2	4	0.42

Page 1

Lodgepole Creek near mouth (LC-8) (07/29/1999)

2/1 2/2000

Sample | Genus/Species/Varicty	PTC	Count	Percent
1 87501 Achnanthes minutissima	J3	6	0.62
1 87501 iBacillana paradoxa	2	0	0.00
187501 Caloneis bacillum	2	2	0.21
187501 Chaetoceros muelleri	1	28	2.90
1 87501 jCYClotella meneqhiniana	2	2	0.21
1 87501 'Cymbella pusilla	1	34	3.52
1 87501 Cymbella silesiaca	2	4	0.41
187501 Diploneis puella	2	76	7.87
187501 iEntomoneis alata	2	1	0.10
187501 Entomonels paludosa	2	4	0.41
187501 Epithemia adnata	2	3	0.31
1 87501 iGyrosiqma macrum	2	1	0.10
1 87501 IMastoqIoia elllptica	2	7	0.72
1 87501 'Mastoqioia smithii	2	59	6.11
187501 INavicula capitata .	2|	6	0.62
1 87501 INavicula caterva	2	27	2.80
187501	Navicula cincta	1	0	0.00
1 87501 INavicula circumtexta	1	18	1.86
187501 Navicula durrenberqiana	1	4	0.41
187501 INavicula erifuga	2	27	2.80
1 8750TNavicula qcersii	2	18	1.86
1 87501 Navicula qreqana	2	5	0.52
1 87501 Navicula omissa	1	2	0.21
1 87501 Navicula pyqmaea	2	2	0.21
1 87501 Navicula salinicola	1	14	1.45
1 87501 Navicula slesvicensis	2	2	0.21
187501 Navicula tenelloides	1	6	0.62
187501 Navicula vandamii	2	18	1.86
1 87501 Navicula venela	1	44	4.55
1 87501 INavicula vindula	2	0	0.00
1 87501 'Nitzschia amphibia	2	3	0.31
187501 Nitzschia apiculata	2	2	0.21
187501 Nitzschia aurariae	1	2	0.21
187501 Nitzschia calida	2	3	0.31
187501 Nitzschia compressa	1	3	0.31
187501 Nitzschia filiformis	2	41	4.24
187501 Nitzschia frustulum	2	170	17.60
1 87501 Nitzschia hunqarica	2	0	0.00
187501 Nitzschia incoqnila	2	2	0.21
187501 Nitzschia liebetruthii	3	18	1.86
187501 Nitzschia microcephala	1	76	7.87
187501 Nitzschia palea	1	104	10.77
187501 Nitzschia paleacea	2	! 46	4.76
187501 'Nitzschia pusilla	! 1	4	0.41
1 87501 INitzschia reversa	! 2	36	3.73
1 87501 INitzschia sociabilis	: 2	! 4	0.41
187501 (Nitzschia solita	1	! 12	] 1.24
1 87501 Nitzschia valdestriata	2	6	i 0.62
187501 Rhopalodia acuminata	1	1 5	; 0.52
187501 Rhopalodia qibba	! 2	1	0.10
1 87501 Rhopalodia operculata	; 1	4	0.41
1 87501 ISurirella brebissonii	; 2	2	0.21
1 87501 [Synedra fasciculata	2	2	0.21
1 87501 iSynedra pulchella	2	0	0.00

Page 1

Careless Creek near mouth (08/23/1999)

2/12/2000

Sample | Genus'Species/Variety	PTC	1 c	ount	Percent
037904 Nitzschia liebetrulhii		3|	6	0.62
037904 Niuschia palea		1	35	3.64
037904 Nitzschia paleacea		2	2	0.21
037904 Nitzschia perspicua		1	1	0.10
037904 Nitzschia recta		3'	2	0.21
037904 Nitzschia valdestriata		2'	4	0.42
037904 Nitzschia vermicularis		2	1	0.10
037904 Pleurosiqma delicatulum		2	1	0.10
037904;Rhoicosphenia curvata		3l	33	3.43
037904 Rhopalodia brebissonii		1	0	0.00
037904 Rhopalodia qibba		21	2	0.21
037904 Surirella brebissonii		2	14	1.46
037904 Surirella minula		2	7	0.73
037904 Synedra acus		2:	1	0.10
037904 Synedra ulna		2	14	1.46

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Page 2

South Fork Lodgepole Creek (LC-4) (07/28/1999)

2/1 2/2000

Sample I Genus/Species/Varie«v	PTC	Count	Percent
187401 Achnanthes minutissima	3	445	48.69
187401 Amphora veneta	1	45	4.92
187401 Cyclotella meneghinrana	2	6	0.66
187401 Cymbella sinuata	3	1	0.11
187401 Entomoneis paludosa	2	6	0.66
187401 Gomphonema qracile	2	11	1.20
1 87401 Gomphonema parvulum	1	18	1.97
1 87401 :Navicula capitata	2	2	0.22
187401 Navicula cincta	1	1	0.11
187401 Navicula circumtexta	1	1	0.11
1 87401 Navicula qreqaria	2	2	0.22
187401 Navicula pelliculosa	1	2	0.22
187401 Navicula veneta	1	52	5.69
1 87401 Nitzschia aurariae	1	4	0.44
1 87401 ;Nitzschia frustulum	2	193	21.12
187401 Nitzschia liebetruthii	3	2	0.22
1 87401 INitzschia palea	1	4	0.44
1 87401 'Nitzschia perspicua	1	2	0.22
1 87401 :Nitzschia supralitorea	2	6	0.66
1 8740VSurirella brebissonil	2	8	0.88
187401 Synedra famelica	2	102	11.16

Page 1

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