SURFACE WATER TEMPERATURES

AT
COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY TIDE STATIONS

ATLANTIC AND GULF COASTS

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution PLEASE RETURN RE

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REVISED 1947

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CONTENTS

Page

Index map ------------------------------ 25-22-2077 eee y)
List of stations ------------------------------------- 3
4

Introduction
Surface water temperatures - Tables of

monthly and yearly means and extremes

together with expectancy ranges -------------------- 5
Surface water temperatures - Graphs showing

mean and extreme temperatures for the

month and year 36
Fahrenheit - centigrade conversion

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LIST OF STATIONS

STATION LAT. LONG. PAGE
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North West

Bas tpOre, Messscssasheeseoseaseesun Saas A4 54 66 59 5
Pulpit Harbor, North Haven I., Me.------ 44 09 68 53 6
RowtelandipaMe nome 2a ce oe Soe Seon. o's ek 43 40 70 15 6 Eee
RomtsimoutiheNewH aos eee eS A3 05 70 45 7 ae
Bositionem Mas stare csic.< soe Sia ott e a treats ADD ie Bee eel i O)3 8
Woods Howliex Mass... 5222255 os ee ces le S Ate 70 40 9
Nanituekeit =Shoa lis) Lightship-2---.2--2225- AQ 37 OD Sts. ¢ 9
Willets Point, East River, N. Y.-------- 40 48 73 47 10
Newavonks (ihe vBattery)- N. Y.--222-5-2.- 40 42 74 01 a
News York (Fort Hamilton), N. Y.-----=--- 40 37 T4 02 12
SanGVvelOOkw oN Ive on oa eee eS oe 40 28 74 OL 3
AslyiieyasbaG kaN nati tain a oid ona Soto ne ee ee 40 13 74 00 13
Mtetomiencwemt ye GNC Sve a ee SOA CA 2S 14
Breakwater Harbor, Del.u.------+.---.2<- Bi) 2h 7/ CS OG 15
Proeladeliphiann Pan oa in2)- 2 ate cco SS Soil 75 08 16
Olderoints Comtort. Vasco. +o=5s-44see5e00 3 00 76 18 17
Malsihmetiont, De Cau a soca sc mie See ee 338) 7} Ue OI 18
Camlbre nla, Whlo cosseccsebecesceooser seers 38 34 76 04 18
Solomons Island, Patuxent River, Md.---- 38 19 CO ZU 19
Bapktsimomrer si Md cis) seerore sek ae a Soin Sica simi a a) NG UO 35 20 .
Damamond (Shoal lightship-.2-<=4----55-5-- 20) OS) 15 20 21
SOUGIN OE ee INNG WK Opera ey ee sea eee aes a a 3)8) 0 OD) 78 Ol 22
Char lestem, Sa (Gssésesscceccessoucosores 32 47 U2 dd aap
Fort Pulaski, Savannah River, Ga.------- 37° OP 80 54 24
hemnandana:, Nlayvais= soe 2 sites ahr oe aie 30 41 81 28 25
Wasypert , Ile. ssasessoassecsosoeeecouauess 30 24 81 26 25
Pilagler Boacin, IMlA5 scsscososceSocceoacease mB) WS) 81 08 25)
Davitona Beach (Ocean)» Elaj------s---5-- 29 14 81 00 26
Daytona Beach (Halifax River), Fla.----- BS) We} Sl 0t 27
(CAM@OWE! TBISEVSI TN 10 IG SeSS e e e e MR OR BOSS 2H
Palin Beaclis Jilin. ossssscoee see ss Seeesee ce 26 43 80 02 Il
Mitamneebeaehiy blanc saise sesso oie sar o.5 ie 25 46 80 08 28
Mey West, Pin. soeddéasasscsesossdoccsece 24 33 81 48 29
Cedarnsheys «ila c-sncec oe oe Bea cS 29 08 83 02 30
Pansacolla Sin ses oe ee Bae SS See eee 30 24 87 13 31
nogeme lista, |p eSeeeneosesosecossosee 2922 91 BS a
Galler tonmeilience = are aa als teenie aie meets 29 19 94 48 3)8)
Rortaplisiabellmmulexnis sciei= Se nies ani 4205 aie cca) = 26 04 OS 34
liyaygeme, Geoomilanclssesosaoccosacoccaases Opligel2 A8 11 34
Ferry Reach, St. Georges I., Bermuda----32 22 64 42 315
CralsitobaleaCanal Zone. 22.22 eece 2 chee oe 9 21 19 54 35

BavliboamuCanalievione -. 222.228 6 22 ees eo 1G Se 79 34 35

INTRODUCTION

The monthly and yearly mean and extreme surface water
temperatures given on the following pages are obtained
from observations made through 1946. The data were recorded
principally at tide stations maintained by the U. S. Coast
and Geodetic Survey along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of
the United States and in Greenland and Bermuda. There are
also included monthly mean and extreme temperatures for
Balboa and Cristobal which were furnished by the Department
of Operation and Maintenance, The Panama Canal.

The daily temperature observations are taken at what-
ever time the tide observer services the tide gage. The
visits are usually made during daylight hours, and it may
be assumed that in the course of a year the distribution
of the observations is fairly uniform over all phases of
the tide. The water samples are drawn with a bucket from
near the surface and may be regarded as representative of
the first one or two feet of water. Thermometer readings
are made in the bucket immediately after the sample has
been drawn and before it has become affected appreciably
by the temperature of the surrounding air. When ice has
prevented the observation of water temperatures at some
North Atlantic stations, temperatures based on the freezing
point of water at each station have been inferred and used
in computing monthly means.

Recording thermometers, recently installed at a few
stations, give continuous records of the temperatures of
the water a foot or two below extreme low water.

An expectancy range table is included for each station
for which there are five or more years of observations.
The table shows the percentage of the individual tempera-
ture readings which agree with the monthly means within
the indicated limits. Graphs showing mean temperature
variations during the month and year and monthly extreme
temperatures are also included for these places. The un-
usual shape of the temperature curve for Daytona Beach
reflects the upwelling which occurs along this section
of the coast during the summer months.

All temperatures in this publication are given in
degrees Fahrenheit. A table for converting into degrees
centigrade is provided on the inside back cover.

The following publications complete this series and
may be obtained from the Director, U. S. Coast and Geodetic
Survey, Washington (25), D. €.-:

TW-2. Surface Water Temperatures, Pacific Coast.
DW-1. Density of Sea Water, Atlantic and Gulf Coasts.
DW-2. Density of Sea Water, Pacific Ocean.

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*siejououleyy ZUTpiooea jo sdutpwes ATANoYTG JO (9PG6T-8O6T) SABEA GE WOTT CAB SeUlEt4xXe pUB sUBEL| x

SUBOTT

9.90

9L 8L

88 68

IGS es
dy

eadeg °2@ny Arne eunp

SOUIBIJXY PU SUBETI[

«ANOZ 'TVNVO ‘VOdIva

souler1xy pue suBo
»4ANOZ TVNVO “IVEOLSIXO
O86 Liat:
Leos, e° oh
; a,

*4dag Aqup eune Key

SOULBIJXY pue suvojfil

VaOWEa “I SHOYORD LS “HOVAN AUVNAA

@ xB N

suse

36 Surface Water Mean Temperature Curves

The mean temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit of the surface water during the month and year
are shown by the solid lines. The dots indicate the maximum and minimum temperatures
observed each month.

a JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC.

EASTPORT, ME.
1930 - 1946

PORTLAND, ME.
1922 - 1946

BOSTON, MASS.
1922 - 1946

WIEEETS POINT, “N: Y:
1932 - 1946

NEW YORK
(The Battery), N. Y.
1927 - 1946

Surface Water Mean Temperature Curves - Continued

a JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC.

NEW YORK
(Fort Hamilton), N. Y.
1911-1920, 1927-1928

SANDY HOOK, N. J.
1887 - 1893, 1944 - 1946

ATLANTIC CITY, N. J.
1912-1920, 1923-1946 <=)

2 1a oe doen ee
cca | oa) cae
oe i ee
a ae a

PHILADELPHIA, PA.
1923 - 1946

S)//

38 Surface Water Mean Temperature Curves - Continued
SAN. FEB. MAR, APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC.

ale] al slo al eg eee
BPMs
SC
Cen s Ce
Poe Ch
Sra a =
Ff ek | oa

ee | oe ea
ee ae
SU As
‘ollie SAVARES ae oy SOR

BALTIMORE, MD. Se
1914 - 1946 a

SOLOMONS ISLAND, MD.
1938 - 1946

CHARLESTON, S.C.
1922 - 1946

rout muuasyen. of fet | rE | Ne

a Se a
a ieee |
gel [pel dais ae

a eeiiice
reg = oil MO caALSS Tas OST
1925 = 1932,.1939- 1946 ¢) h/t
Ea ie ee ee ee
en ee aie cee bs SES

Surface Water Mean Temperature Curves - Continued

“ea JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC.

MIAMI BEACH, FLA.
1940 - 1946

_ KEY WEST, FLA.
1926 - 1940, 1946

| ee ee:
Ait ig edi uy ep
SHEERS
pe rele Tes aaa

CEDAR KEYS, FLA. 7°
1922-1926, 1944-1946

PENSACOLA, FLA.
1924 - 1946 ny

rie ee
Sage ag oe
7 ee Se
oe Aa oes

GALVESTON, TEX.
1922 - 1946

39

CONVERSION TABLE
FAHRENHEIT TO CENTIGRADE

es eatin aa oom a alae to aie a ee Bios Seater mien eC Pah auc
ADOT ee 55.0 12.8 65.0 18.3 Foeomes
AG Oe Sore) e.9 Bee aI EM 75.2 24,0
45.4 7.4 55.4 13.0 65.4 18.6 7504 24.1
45.6 7.6 556) 1 oeL 65.6 18.7 T5s6 24,2
ANNI irl Bish) absiie) 65.8 18.8 75.8 24.3
AGeOMn une HERO Lois 66.0 18.9 76.0 24.4
46.2 7.9 56.2 15,4 66.2 19.0 76.2 24.6
46.4 8.0 56.4 13.6 66.4 19.1 W6ee 2027
46.6) 8el 5Ge6y 1ST 66.6 19.2 76.6 24.8
AGB, sBlse 56.8 13.8 66.8 19.3 76.8 24
= 1, ° 7 25
25.1
25.2
=23s Bea
of B&B 25.4
| Ga 8
Q =o 256
S m wo We5n7
> 5 ang
ct a 25.9
| G& @ Oo 26.0
| ~z —! nm
26.1
26.2
26.3
: ra AREAS ev ABO 26.4
PLEASE RETURN pa
TO :
26
INSTITUTION DATA LIBRARY 3
aie
27

McLEAN

Woods Hole Oceanographic institution
ATLAS - GAZETTEER COLLECTION