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NVINOSHIIWS oe “na Aby = e) .O us a uw Z = or = lead x pe : Ww = w > ; a w” oa wn = w S CALRITWRIGA TARDE AA Pe Oe oe ie at el ie oe eT aerrrntemrre_eerepematt RILJIRLAO Oe) eae eon & ask nee we 6 om Yb ee Lin hes yt | ‘ Oo ep) WJ aE O i = oO LW al a) =) = fe OYSTERS FROM EAST POINT BED. 2 OYSTER BOTTOMS IN MATAGORDA BAY. 35 extending in a southeasterly direction for about 1,000 yards. At its inner end it is a dense body of small clustered oysters, but a short distance from the shore it becomes a scattering growth, gradually merging with the surrounding soft mud. The oysters are of very inferior quality. The bed next to this consists of a dense mass of dead shells near the shore, with very few marketable oysters and a scattered erowth of small oysters extending upon the surrounding mud. The other beds, which are smaller, consist of a shell bank nucleus with a fringe of small scattered oysters. The Creek Patches are of practi- eally no value commercially, and it is not known that they ever have been. The entire bight between the mouth of Live Oak Creek and Stump signal is covered with a foot of soft mud lying above a layer of shells. DRESSING POINT SHOALS. The oystermen give this name to a bed running down the bay for a distance of upward of a mile from Dressing Point, but in this report the designation is extended to include two newer and unnamed beds to the southward, which for convenience will be called Middle and South shoals, respectively. These beds have a combined area of about 477 acres, and it is estimated that at the time of the survey, in March, 1905, they contained about 26,000 barrels of oysters over 3 inches in length. ) The original bed, long known to the residents as Dressing Point shoal, and included in what this report calls the North shoal, lies at a distance of between one-fourth and one-half mile off Dressing Point. This old reef is about 400 to 600 yards in diameter, with a depth of about 14 feet of water on the crest at the low-water plane adopted in this report. The south side is abrupt, the soundings jumping from 44 feet to 24 feet within a few yards, but the north margin slopes off gradually from the crest to a depth of 3 feet at the edge of the bed. Probings show that the deposit of shells and oysters is about 24 feet thick, superimposed on a layer of sand and hard mud on the north side, which gradually changes to a soft, muddy bottom south- ward. That this part of the bed is quite old is shown by the thickness of the shell deposit, which must be the product of many years and by the circumstance that it was a well-defined shoal fifty years ago when the hydrographic survey by the Coast Survey was made. | The growth of oysters on parts of the old shoal is dense, one section examined giving an average per square yard of 100 oysters over 3 inches long and 40 of smaller size, but other sections were much less productive, especially in oysters of the larger size. From this nu- cleus of dense growth the north shoal stretches away in all directions, but especially to the eastward and westward, the oysters becoming 36 OYSTER BOTTOMS IN MATAGORDA BAY. gradually more and more scattered as the margins of the bed are appr oached, the small patches of clusters being separated by increas- ing areas a the hard mud which in general forms the bottom on which the bed reposes. The southern and western limits are rather well defined by the change from hard to soft muddy bottom, but to the northward the hard mud stretches away to the shore of the bay. It is evident from the conditions obtaining here that the bed has been extended beyond the limits of the original reef by the distribution through the agency of the oystermen of shells and small oysters re- jected in culling. The bed was formerly fished for the market, but / was untouched during the season of the survey. The oysters occur in clusters of 3 or 4 adults with small ones at- tached. The larger oysters average about 4 to 44 inches in length, are rather thin-shelled, and more or less narrow and elongate. Nearly all clusters bear great masses of young mussels, which are rapidly overgrowing the oysters, smothering them, appropriating their food, and in general reducing them to an extremely poor and watery condi- tion, totally unfit for market. The bed is commercially worthless in its present condition, the effect, direct and indirect, of the low salin- ity resulting from the closure of Mitchells cut. The density of the water at the time of the survey (March, 1905) was between 1.0037 and 1.0061. The most promising fact in connection with the bed is the preponderance of young oysters, those under 3 inches outnumber- ing those over that length nearly two to one, indicating that if the proper density conditions should be brought about the bed would soon recover its former productiveness. The prolific growth of mus- sels is evidently a recent development traceable to the low salinity. The south and middle Dressing Point beds have areas of about 190 and 15 acres, respectively. They differ from the north bed in the fact that they have not old dense reefs as nuclei. They each consist of scattered patches of clustered oysters lying on the soft mud which forms the general bottom in this part of the bay. The growth is more sparse than on the northern bed, and all circumstances point to the conclusion that the beds are of comparatively recent origin. The oyster pilot attached to the survey stated that there were practically no oysters on either bed ten years ago. It is evident that we have here another case of the founding of a bed on rather soft muddy bottom through the medium of oysters and shells thrown overboard by the oyster boats culling on their way to market, this area lying directly in the course of vessels returning to Port Lavaca and Mata- gorda from the beds above Dressing Point. In this case the prac- tice results in an extension of the natural beds, but if the mud were a little softer the oysters would be engulfed and lost. The oysters on both beds in general resemble those of the northern bed, though somewhat more elongate. OYSTER BOTTOMS IN MATAGORDA BAY. 37 LIVE OAK BAY. The area regarded as embraced in this region hes east of a line drawn from Dressing Point to the mouth of Live Oak Creek. It contains a proportionately large area of oyster-bearing bottom, about 228 acres in all, divided into three general groups of beds—a scatter- ing growth interspersed with a few dense patches lying in the south- ern half of the bay, a rather dense bed southeast of the mouth of Live Oak Creek, and several small beds near the islet north of Dressing Island. The largest bed, with an area of about 160 acres, covers practically the entire southeastern part of the bay and sends a long narrow tongue down between Dressing Island and the mainland. Near the center of the bay there is a small reef about 35 yards long and 20 vards wide, a large part of which is bare at low water. Here the oysters are small and poor in shape and quality, and there is a great preponderance of dead shells and shell débris. The bed is about 1 foot thick, superimposed on a substratum of soft mud about a foot deep, beneath which hard bottom is found. From this reef the bed scatters off in all directions excepting the north, the oysters improv- ing somewhat in quality as they become fewer in numbers. In gen- eral they le in scattered patches surrounded by soft mud, but be- tween Dressing Island and the mainland the bottom is hard and shelly for a depth of 2 feet. In this place there is a fair growth of single oysters of good shape and from 34 to 4 inches long, with a con- siderable proportion of smaller ones. The best oysters found any- where above Dressing Point were produced in this locality, but the salinity of the water is so low that their flavor was insipid in the extreme. The small patch north of Grassy Island, shown on the chart, is practically a dead reef or shell heap, with very few adults, but a relatively larger number of small oysters than were found in other sections examined. The long bed running westward from Grassy Island is composed of about equal numbers of dead shells and clustered oysters about 34 inches long, together with a considerable proportion of smaller ones. Near the island the bed is practically a shell heap. The clustered oysters are thin-shelled, long, and elliptical, and bear large numbers _ of mussels, whose prolific growth is smothering the oysters. The bed south of the mouth of Live Oak Creek is a dense shelly shoal near the shore, but at its outer edge becomes more scattering. The oysters in general resemble those on the bed last described. Live Oak Bay was formerly a more or less prolific ground for the oystermen, but the beds, in common with those in other parts of the upper bay, have been much injured by the freshness of the water since the closure of Mitchells Cut. At the time of the survey the 38 OYSTER BOTTOMS IN MATAGORDA BAY. density ranged between 1.0018 and 1.0041. The bottom is generally composed of soft mud, with a substratum of shells almost everywhere at a depth of 6 or 8 inches, giving testimony to the former greater abundance of oysters in these waters. BEDS ABOVE DRESSING POINT. It is stated by persons possessed of local knowledge of the bay that, prior to the opening of Mitchells Cut, during the gale of 1875, the entire region above Dressing Point was practically devoid of oyster growth. This can well be believed from an inspection of the condi- tions obtaining in the winter of 1904-5, the cut having finally closed during the previous summer after a varied existence. It will be seen by reference to the chapter on “ Densities” (p. 57) that the salinity was altogether too low to produce satisfactory oysters; and as the tendency in isolated bodies of water so situated is to become progressively fresher, it will not be long, if the time has not already arrived, when the salinity will become so low as actually to imperil the existence of the oysters already established there. The oysters on all of the beds about here were poor and sickly in appearance, and were evidently having a hard struggle for existence against adverse conditions. Unless a new communication with the Gulf is established, these beds will forever be worthless, even should they not be exterminated. It is stated that until the season of 1904-5 the oysters in this part of the bay were generally of excellent quality, and Port Lavaca dealers paid $1 per barrel for them when those from Tiger Island were worth but 75 cents. All of the beds, which are discussed in more detail below, were highly productive and much frequented by the oystermen, sometimes from 400 to 500 barrels per season being taken from a half- _ acre patch. Although these beds are shown on the charts each as a continuous growth of scattered oysters, in reality they consist of innumerable small patches separated by areas of soft, muddy bottom. It is stated that the original growth in this part of the bay was initiated at Browns Lump, and extended gradually down the bay. It is evident that the beds were at one time all more compact, but have become scattered and widely extended by the operations of oystering and the distribu- tion by the oystermen of shells and cullings over the soft mud sur- rounding the beds, each shell or oyster thus distributed becoming a potential basis for the attachment of future generations of young. The beds above Dressing Point, as shown on the accompanying chart, include within their limits about 395 acres. On the best parts of these beds there is an average per acre of about 70 barrels of oysters over 3 inches in length; and as it is estimated that but 15 per OYSTER BOTTOMS IN MATAGORDA BAY. 59 cent of the area is thus productive, the total present accumulation is probably not far from 5,000 barrels of oysters above the size pre- scribed by law as the minimum which it is permissible to take.’ The average size on these beds as a whole is not much over 34 inches. The average number of oysters per square yard on the best parts of the beds are as follows: Over 3 inches in length, 14; between 1 and 38 inches, 8; under 1 inch, —; dead, 30. The recently dead oysters rarely measure 3 inches in length, but those showing evidence of death at a more remote period are larger. About three-fourths of the shells are old and rotten. The oysters are poor, the shells are thin, and there are practically no living things save oysters. On the whole, the beds are in bad con- dition. Browns Lump.—This is a small bed lying off Browns Cedars, at a distance of about 400 yards from shore. It has a length of about 400 yards, a width of 250 yards, and an estimated area of 18 acres. It is stated that this was formerly a dense and much smaller body of oysters, but owing to extensive fishing in recent years and the custom of throwing culls and shells on the mud surrounding the original area this has now become transformed into a diffuse bed in which the oysters lie in scattered patches. Within recent years a thin deposit of mud has been laid down, and many of the oysters and shells have been covered, though their presence is readily detected with the sounding pole. The oysters are now few in number and inferior in shape and quality. This bed has apparently suffered severely from the closure of Mitchells Cut, but should the cut at Browns Bayou be soon opened there is good reason to expect that Browns Lump will again become productive. Marsh Patch—This name is given in this report to a small bed of about 9 acres of scattering oysters lying near the north shore oppo- site Browns Lump. The oysters are few in quantity and inferior in quality, but the new cut should improve them in both respects. Root Lumps.—These beds lying in the middle of the bay between Brown and Smith signals have a total area of about 170 acres. They are composed of patches, which can be grouped in five general beds, varying in size from 1 to 100 acres, as shown on the chart. They are discontinuous in character, the oysters being found in small patches, each composed of a few clusters separated by soft mud. They cover a much greater area than formerly, and, like the other beds of this part of the bay, have apparently become much extended beyond their original dimensions by the custom of culling and throwing overboard the shells and small oysters on the bottom sur- Bnding the reef. In former years, when excellent oysters were produced here, oystermen discovering the small productive patches 40) OYSTER BOTTOMS IN MATAGORDA BAY. or lumps of which the beds consisted observed much secrecy in their operations and upon the approach of another boat withdrew to the barren areas and utilized the opportunity in culling their catch. The dead shells, together with the young oysters, when not ingulfed in the soft mud, became the nuclei to which the spat of succeeding years attached. That many of the oysters and shells gradually sank beneath the surface mud is shown by the almost universal presence of a substratum of shells easily detectable with the sounding pole. ‘There is no doubt that under favorable conditions of density this diffusion of material suitable for cultch would eventually result in the establishment of more extensive productive beds. In former years the Root Lumps were systematically worked and produced a fair yield of good oysters. As in the case of the other beds of this region, they were unproductive during the season of 1904-5. Ranch Patches.—This name is given to a chain of six beds lying between Ranch signal and the cut into Live Oak Bay east of Dressing Island. The area of the individual beds varies from less than 1 acre to over 50 acres, and the total acreage of the group is about 108. The general character of the beds is about the same as those constituting the Root Lumps, though there are small areas where the growth is more dense and with a greater accumulation of shells. Nearer the shore there is a substratum of hard mud upon which is superimposed a stratum of soft mud and shells, but toward the middle of the bay the bottom, to a depth of 4 to 5 feet at least, is composed entirely of soft mud and engulfed shells. The living oysters are all small, badly clustered, and of very poor quality and shape. There is a great pre- ponderance of dead shells, many of the old ones being large, while the recently dead are of smaller size. The shells of the living oysters are thin and fragile, and the whole aspect of the beds indicates that they are far on the highway to extinction. Off-the-Cut Lumps.—The beds so designated by the oystermen are four in number, ranging from about 4 to 115 acres in area, with a total acreage of about 160. The conditions here are practically the same as those found on the Root Lumps and the other beds in the vicinity. The beds le on the southeast side of the bay opposite to the cut east of Dressing Island. East Side Lump.—This is a bed with an area of about 40 acres, extending for about 350 yards along the shore of Dressing Island and projecting out into the bay for a distance of about 800 yards. It con- sists of a scattering growth of about the same general character as in the preceding beds. About 350 yards to the eastward there is a small lump with a dense growth forming a shoal projecting out from the island. This bed is now continuous with the scattering growth along shore, but was formerly a detached circular body of a good quality and productiveness. | PLATE |X. 1. GOVE BAYOU OYSTER. Reduced }. 2. MAVERICK BAYOU OYSTER. Reduced 3. a OYSTER BOTTOMS IN MATAGORDA BAY. 41 SHORES AND BAYOUS. Above Dressing Point there is a practically continuous fringe of =eattering oysters along shore and in the bayous, a condition which also prevails at intervals along the south shore almost as far as Tiger Island. Excepting in the deeper bayous most of these oysters are young and lie in such shallow water as to be exposed for longer or shorter periods during the winter. At the time of the survey a large proportion of them had died, undoubtedly for lack of food and water, as the bottom on which they lay was cracked and seamed from the action of sun and wind. Below Tiger Island there are numerous long narrow bayous, usu- ally with muddy bottoms, penetrating the peninsula to the line of sand dunes which fringes the gulf shore. Some of these apparently contain no oysters whatever, but in Zyprian, Thompson, Gove, Big. Maverick, Boggy, Hibber, Cotton, and one or two other bayous there was found a scattering growth in the general localities indicated on the chart. In most cases these oysters were large and fat, some of them being the best found during the survey. It is understood that certain of these bayous have been planted. OYSTER CULTURE. NECESSITY AND GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. That the natural oyster beds of Matagorda Bay will not be able to produce sufficient stock to keep pace with the demands of the grow- ing oyster industry is a proposition which hardly demands demon- stration. The universal history, not only of oysters but of other natural products—of lumber, of natural gas, of land-locked fishes— shows that the belief in unlimited and exhaustless supply eventually brings disaster and the conviction, often too late, that nature’s bounty must be aided by man’s economy and foresight. On all parts of our coast, even in Maryland, whose waters are vastly more productive than the coast of Texas, the natural oyster beds have been more or less completely exhausted, and the only salvation from extinction of the oyster industry is recourse to planting under some scheme of private ownership. DEMAND UPON NATURAL BEDS. With the small business of past years the drain upon the natural beds of Matagorda Bay never would have been such as to imperil the supply, but changing conditions incident to the increasing de- mands of a greater population, the mulitiplication of railroads and their competition for traffic, and the depletion of formerly produc- tive beds on other parts of the Atlantic and gulf coasts have operated 42 OYSTER BOTTOMS IN MATAGORDA BAY. to induce a comparatively rapid expansion of the oyster industry on the shores of the bay during the past few years. Formerly Port Lavaca, being the only point having railway communication, was the sole locality in which more than a purely local oyster trade could be conducted, but the recent entry of railroads into Matagorda and Palacios has enabled those towns to become competitors. Far from detracting from the importance of Port Lavaca as an oyster center, the rise of this competition has but served to stimulate shipments from that place, with the result of a recent rapid increase in the oyster trade of the entire Matagorda region. Im the season of 1904-5 there were 9 shucking establishments in actual operation on the bay. According to the report of the state oyster commission the ship- ments from Matagorda Bay points in 1902-8 represented 55,000 barrels, in 1903-4 94,600 barrels, and in 1904-5, according to ap- proximate estimates obtained from the dealers, about 125,000 barrels, of unshucked oysters. PREVIOUS OUTPUT AND POSSIBLE YIELD. In the earlier years many of the oysters came from above Dog Island Reef, but in 1904—5 practically all came from between Dog Island and Half Moon reefs, the majority of them from the two beds , named. As shown in the table on page 14, Dog Island, Forked Bayou, Shell Island, Mad Island, and Half Moon Reef are estimated to have contained at the close of the season 1904-5 about 264,000 barrels of oysters over 3 inches long, or, if the estimate be restricted to the parts of the reef which are worked, about 234,000 barrels. To arrive at the number on the workable portions of the beds at the beginning of the season, in the fall of 1904, there must be added to this about 125,000 barrels, the quantity gathered during the year, making the estimated total of about 359,000 barrels, say, in Septem- ber, 1904. The oysters marketed, therefore, represented approxi- mately 85 per cent of the total available supply of those over 3 inches long, although of course a considerable proportion of the lat- ter were too small for the trade. Numerous detailed examinations of the workable areas of the beds show that the oysters under 3 inches were numerically to those over that length in the proporticn of about 68 to 100 at the close of the season. Assuming that practically all of these small oysters survive and that they will grow to an average marketable size within one year, which is a rapid rate of growth, there would be added to the available supply of oysters for the season 1905-6 about 159,000 barrels, or, allowing a mortality of 25 per cent during the year, about 120,000 barrels. If the conditions at the time of the survey were nor- mal and the annual supply of spat in succeeding years were to be OYSTER BOTTOMS IN MATAGORDA BAY. 43 equal to that which had set in each of the two years preceding, the catch during the season 1904—5, estimated at 125,000 barrels, must be approximately the maximum allowable for all the beds between Dog Island and Half Moon light. Any greater demands upon the beds would speedily exhaust them, and in the face of unfavorable condi- tions even this draft can not be maintained upon any of the beds in question. . The best parts of Half Moon Reef, which supplied an important part of the yield for 1904-5, are already practically exhausted, and even with a heavy set of spat during the summer of 1905, which is by no means certain, can not hold their own again for several years to come. The other beds are in their turn likely to meet with the same conditions. As has been stated before in this report, the beds above Dog Island Reef were relatively of little economic value at the time of the survey, owing to the freshness of the water. They yielded practically, if not absolutely, nothing during the season, but are esti- mated to have contained at that time about 181,000 barrels of oysters over 3 inches long. The small oysters were numerically to those over % inches long in the proportion of 175 to 100, the great preponder- ance of them being on Dressing Point shoal, Middle Lump, Raymond Landing Shoals, Boiler Bayou Reef, and Spring Bayou Reef. From the fact that they were mainly on old dense beds it is not improbable that many of them were old oysters stunted by reason of their crowded condition, though it is true that the set of spat on some of the beds has been heavy in recent years, and the character and condi- tion of the oysters, as well as the productiveness of the beds, would undoubtedly be improved if the beds were worked. On account of their poor quality and freshness most of these oysters were during the survey unfit for the raw trade, but many of them would be utilized by canneries. Owing to the mixed character of the clusters and the difficulty in culling off the small oysters, a very large proportion of the latter would necessarily be destroyed if the beds were worked, especially if the stock were steamed. The oysters of Raymond Landing Shoals in their present condition could not be used except for canning, and as this bed contains numerically about half of all the young oysters above Dog Island Reef, the destruction for several years at least would necessarily be enormous. Taking everything into consideration, it is doubtful whether the beds in the upper bay could produce more than 75,000 barrels of oysters per annum for a term of years, even were the density conditions to be so modified as to become much more favorable than at present. RO00S TE NGC9:6 SIP ‘9 Gal ‘P E8¢ 2 i ed S2o"°E =| £99°S =| 80B°S) | 928s =| 000‘ =| «8a6 000°S =| 096°S | LIG*S | OGL°T \ Oh Ce ieee OCT ‘6 cOO“OT =| SPZ‘ST | OGZ‘ZT | 000‘ZE | oGG‘g 000‘ZE | O9L*LE | GOG‘LT | 009 ‘oT 000°% 00g°F | 266°S | 999°¢ | 999°F | 28s | 00's | oco'F | osz‘e | sso‘F | sto‘F | EeF‘s \ 000 OFT || 0OG LET | OGL SIT | OLS *S6T | OLE"E9T | QzO‘GET | OOG'GSE | OGL‘TPT | OGL ‘EST | G06‘ZFT | OLF ‘TFT | GOS ‘TZE (eae og9 Raucegeteae HL | B6L 263 GLE 009 00r 093 LI6 oe O08 ‘sreugsis | ‘sreuSts ‘S[BU ‘S[Bu *[BuSsIS *sJool “‘sJoor ‘STBUSIS | . : ‘{ul0d Jee i d ae 5 -SI8 O[TUI | -SIS aylut | UOITIA pues] puByIsT OV] Bore ee Bron Surssoiq @ | Sujssorq | pus oprur| “Uses | -2oIUL | -Vd PUB [IOUS DUB PEN DUB! PUBISOM! OHoW | ystH 5 BO OATT Jee : F pues [tur pus puvlsy PuUvBIST PUBIST puBys] 0 dAOq VY PUBSSBID| -UdAIS gary, | WOLLAR Soc Soc TEU pen ystH |pus purs BOeS Pk: Meese UvsMJog | WaoMjog | UadMjog | VaaMjog | WoaAMjJog | VooMOg ees oe ola ay ‘a ‘i I ‘H ‘D ‘Al “a ‘a 0) al Ve eIOYS BINSUIUOg Avq JO 9[PPUN ee al og a OOo o1OYS OWTBIdg “SUISIUBSIO JO IOQUINU [BIOJ, 2 SaaS oan ON[BA POO] 10 ‘OWUN[OA [BIOT, BRD OS ODE SRO OCDE SOOO D0Ock a0 SULO}BIP IOyIO weet eee eee ee eee eee === Gs el E bs) A ay OYSTER BOTTOMS IN MATAGORDA BAY. 79 merically about one-fifth, and in volume about one-eighth of the available oyster food. Like the preceding species, it is taken up by the oysters in relatively large numbers, and constitutes about 3.4 per cent of their food. Average specimens measure in length 10 ¢. d. m., breadth 0.75 c. d. m., thickness 0.75 ¢c. d.m., volume=0.65 (1XbXt) = 3.5 cu. c. d. m. Se Melosira distans Wiitzing (pl. x1, fig. 3) is a circular diatom fre- quently aggregated by the circular faces to form filaments. It is much more abundant below Dog Island, and is entirely absent in Live Oak Bay and above Dressing Point. Between Mad Island and Half Moon reefs it comprises numerically about 12 per cent, and in volume over 25 per cent of the food contents of the water. Itistaken . up by the oysters in about the same proportion relatively to its abundance as (’. lineatus, and in the lower bay constitutes about 12.3 per cent in volume of the stomach contents. Average specimens measure about 3.3 c. d. m. in diameter and 2.3 c. d. m. in thickness, mumme—0.(o (d* Apeze 10la7 Ageee tise eb loike “D2R AT 5 BB! ts a Sitar 4,527 101s? “ 2Ls. es WS Son HS. LareLumpe Sina Sia St rg “Mpa ZB L037 a Ma sh 3 RHA 5 Apct5 Lolir s L Fon, way . 5 aferPELereeliy Apr? 100) : e/ “ 5 Re 2) 10046 15 100 Colerado 6 5 ee 3AM a Apets 100te | Asess. 1004 2fre!9 Loos Team Apc2B, 10155 Gl At eek a Apri® 10005 eat 10 oy : et x 3 . Apez6 10a s 1 Sram GH 2 jo s = x 3a J? Apres tose Lg Ayr 22,1017 PLS 2 ‘ pee {0180 : perce 10 Se ‘Aprils 10019. 1s ¥. 954M Aprz(/ tole) “Apek) 101 APES, t0pB« Apr26 10188 Gist 6 5 AprZ6. 1.0168 2: a 7 2M Apr27. 1074 1354 . Ape25, 10176 ‘Apr25 Lovee 5 i 134 13h Apr26 10164 7 Boho. Apes 100\6 2 10 ; st 3 es i Reeve bre Se PveA 7 Gh im dM, aa oa pr26.10157 2 Ps 9 ifn © = aT no sed Mperi tae Boggy Lunp eleven MI1® @ Explanation of Symbols Mar23, 12020 0°23 10040 > Oysters, very scattering, beds averaging per acre Jess than 25 bushels of oysters over 3 /nches long 5 456M 3t ae a 4 Oysters, scattering,beds averaging per acre between 25 and 100 bushels of oyslers over s inches long \f st ‘a Morz0. 10052 2 eD Oysters, dense, beds averaging per acre more than 100 bushels of oysters over 3 inches long 5 4st. ya Mae25.10045 3AM eS) Reefs ond shell banks exposed during low winter tides st « ar2e. 10040 4st 2p Mor7 1906\Dote and figures In red indicote bottom density of water and dote of observation Bish 5 8,41,5 Figures in black indicate depth in feet at mean /ow water in winter Stare 4 4 oe at 16M ae 7 Gob. 2B & Coast Survey triangulotion sfafions Used in The present survey x 7 Mar2é. 16038 jae Tyo Beprat mut eee, e Triangulation stations established for the present survey Mor23.tboz3 a or I z a Apr 6.10027 Ape& Loos: i 5 vas a Pa, is ev o Abbreviotions 1 KET 4 Middle Lump 2s a Ark @ . 4 2 a sond wo tat Py e Ae et GS : __...--hord Mud 4 Asp ives at OC a shools * # Hoczs/ionse pot a _-.soft Mud "YN ong Lond! "fg, e Nauncal Miles ye anon aasteit FS ok arene ioeer a) 1 4s 4 y => g Mores 10052 me Foverty Poi y, br Maree 10060 Sy Whee cL Ter, 4m oe a 40 ‘ Moni. i | eG ass Pee et Weed 5 . Meee tata eb are i00e be ss eefs At 2 ret, 100%: : Sard fy ou Ss rent ‘Apr, 10040 ara voorg TEP2S 10056 Mar2l, (0065 a i Agcy 10080 Pa ° at fe. ae pee Mor ig 10008 2) oye ay Sint he a ie aaa s at “a aus eh Nici Prerre > at Star2a 108 — /a//ebach Patches SY 21s se Spe) Pam pore Grassy Private Bed Marie too UNH 2 Ae archipelago OM aris Lote gears loatty A x Lah M eS /ntersected by = 1 2 , beyous and channe/s aW.Bose,/865 WMaragorda) oa pe git. 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