: F , . Cr sibtnt ie atte tit i POO UOC Hit OTe eM eR CTU . « msl vt oi th ete K ; DU CCL $0" a e%e'g * ria yee ¢ . ar HL OT of thee u saute ‘5 © 0 esses 4S, ve ; ° 7 OU uf wee feepey x ‘ ee tees . we ey acai reste th tees Ste Beit ba ¢ : “° oy ney at Hi ° j Me We ie m , ‘ te eevee. ‘ U ie Ms ae Cen aut ‘ ; ECR Ae Mat {| ‘ Oretths ‘ DOE ity ° SOURS ‘5 oy ‘ MOH Cor M bre . i ‘ COT CUU Car i ith CPST aE TECH be bebe br} DCO OnE mM th nh) ‘ CoCbt Bte rbREL ' see Borin OUIOr OUMNH Beier i apa orbters : eee LAL eater) eatin oft Car rot ott at OY bet Ort Oe ee teelele weldiet aa tetat ae et ty ty eter beet Cre LT See EOC OE I St Oe SESE) Ceri aaret at | veel SCHR wate TTL Trae Oplbracaiacecera prarteerp brace at ‘ eibeteneres bere’ Cree err ert oft fie ee elle ae yy writ) sieve ete dle e ee be wiles ee tee ese be wets awa. treLylediietes Meritatbteule ttre are a brblbrariterereidierore. atarbrbie rt ott DOOR aa T ath oneta atite tieiencerbrefedererscerarais Pa bem iPetiearseiestets ett LIU OG isi titarers Meratars af G efter btererere CTC tt mee Bi y Book fi 3 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY O. H. TITTMANN, Superintendent SURVEY OF OYSTER BARS CHARLES COUNTY MARYLAND DESCRIPTION OF BOUNDARIES AND LANDMARKS AND REPORT OF WORK OF UNITED STATES COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY IN COOPERATION WITH UNITED STATES BUREAU OF FISHERIES AND MARYLAND SHELL FISH COMMISSION By C. C. YATES CHIEF OF COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY PARTY ASSISTANT, COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR U.S, COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY O. H. TITTMANN, Superintendent SeRVEY OF OYSTER BARS CHARLES COUNTY MARYLAND DESCRIPTION OF BOUNDARIES AND LANDMARKS AND REPORT OF WORK OF UNITED STATES COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY IN COOPERATION WITH UNITED STATES BUREAU OF FISHERIES AND MARYLAND SHELL FISH COMMISSION By C. C. YATES CHIEF OF COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY PARTY ASSISTANT, COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 PRET AT Aare APR 11 1911 DB GF Ps fy | WY), /, LETTER OF SUBMITTAL. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR, Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY, Washington, January 27, r9rt. Sir:.I have the honor to transmit herewith a report of the officer detailed from the Coast and Geodetic Survey to cooperate with the Bureau of Fisheries and the Mary- land Shell Fish Commission in surveying the oyster bars of the State of Maryland, together with certain technical results which are necessary for the interpretation and use of the plats of the survey made by the Government. This work has been done under the provisions of the act of Congress entitled “An act to authorize the Secretary of Commerce and Labor to cooperate, through the Bureau of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Bureau of Fisheries, with the shell fish com- missioners of the State of Maryland in making surveys of the natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks in the waters within the State of Maryland,” approved May 26, 1906, and of the acts of Congress making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1907, 1908, 1909, and 1910. Respectfully, O. H. Trrrmann, Superintendent. To Hon. CHARLES NAGEL, Secretary of Commerce and Labor. iss) CE Rae C7 Awl ION’; BaLTIMORE, MD., January 25, rgrt. The following publication is certified to contain correct technical descriptions of all boundaries and landmarks established in Charles County by the Maryland Shell Fish Commission in cooperation with the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. CIC] WATES; Chief of Coast and Geodetic Survey Party, Assistant, Coast and Geodetic Survey. BALTIMORE, Mb., January 25, rgrt. Examined and certified to be correct. WALTER J. MITCHELL, CASWELL GRAVE. BENJAMIN K. GREEN, Maryland Shell Fish Commission. SWEPSON EARLE, , Hydrographic Engineer. Note.—Certified copies of this publication and of the charts of the natural oyster bars of Charles County were filed in the office of the clerk of the circuit court of Charles County and in the office of the Board of Shell Fish Commissioners on January 27, 1911. 5 “4 he a: > = —, = sie CONTENTS. IDROCRENS ND, op gos soequm connec cobo mT EbOREs SoosORgaD Oo GODOT OORMEED Son Osta ononogte follows WEINER ORGS UBMILTAL, 2157s octet isiere ashe Neer et nee ee isiaic Bet oevala id ors ee RR Rete: al Sa el css (CHLTMIONMTON irolsooonaosshosecoRs Too boo Hs ndeDoNrSooUSG SH hesooonpahBepesoo so onaomeDeeDAAGoos INTRODUCTION: PESTO UT CALLONIS paps CTL N SSR ee Ce RCT OE TSI T stars ey sheer guy cueerel eye cieser ep etevesute image’ e aise ceca Cooperationlofebe) Coastandl Geodettenittey Cy ycteeercteete festa lsieteeeie yey ieee) inte eles iret CooperationvofithesBureartlofeHishernesnen as sjtssriieteele ielcieinie ie sein nie dee oeierelseisie tise sislejee en General statement of work of Coast and Geodetic Survey. ..............00.- cece eee e eee eee REPORT OF THE WORK OF THE COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY: Instructions. Organization ARLE CHUL TELE Caged pete Pies sents ees Nore era gece cts yen we eu a pate ensayo spniesnjen eter arere = Chronologtealistate mento fw On meatrtselinteeictetsarparets late tate yatta eben ake seteeeys hee rreve aiht=\ oie) ite sie Statistics. ... (Generalprenitarks emer saieeeens eter areata cy sl crev eterna res beper atch cieiseeve oieteo oy eye. c inscu he ahavaberateieveney ousioug epavetefers aie CHARTS AND MAPS: : Chartcrolenatiralvoy ster bars yeereraeicaacereece lars ictrcisicnls © «fel ciereceretstal javarn aie hioinategerorens easing CHALtS yen eect ae ese arate ate ee ap aTavee ed, lara vie alg mers siaialel eases Sis Gel dhaca) sie wsoralaraiat le eletereta a ole Projections. . Progress map BOUNDARIES OF BE dn co code foes Ao a ROSIN aos tae coe dodo ons Ot COU be er oo ton obo nA eeOoO ao o THE COUNTY WATERS: Watersimathiniterritoriale limits! Of COUN CY). .os ele eie)einiein o 6 =) sie cYsieeeimelaiarsls snlesaets siwtaie: tle afols WALLS! COMPIP OTIS COl COMME tetteter es These maps and reports can be obtained by application to Maryland Shell Fish Commission, Marine Bank Building, Baltimore, Md. BOUNDARIES OF THE COUNTY WATERS.2 WATERS WITHIN TERRITORIAL LIMITS OF COUNTY. The laws of Maryland relating to oyster culture provide that ‘‘no person shall be permitted, by lease, assignment, or in any other manner, to acquire a greater amount of land than ten acres situated within the territorial limits of any of the counties, or one hundred acres in any other place.” The boundary line’ between the waters “‘within the territorial limits’’ of Charles County and the waters in “any other place,’’ as established by the Shell Fish Com- mission for the purpose of carrying out the oyster laws, and delineated on the “‘oyster”’ charts and the smooth projections of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, is technically described and defined as follows: Patuxent River waters of Charles County.—Following the boundary line between Charles County and Prince Georges County along the middle of Swanson Creek as laid down on “Chart No. 26, Natural Oyster Bars, Maryland,” to a point defined by the intersection of this boundary line with the boundary line of Calvert County in Patuxent River; thence along the boundary line between Calvert and Charles counties in Patuxent River as laid down on ‘‘ Chart No. 26, Natural Oyster Bars, Maryland,’’ to a point defined by the intersection of this boundary line with the boundary line between Charles and St. Marys counties off the entrance to Indian Creek; thence along the boundary line between Charles and St. Marys counties in the middle of Indian Creek as laid down on ‘‘Chart No. 26, Natural Oyster Bars, Maryland.”’ Wicomico River waters of Charles County.—Following the boundary line between Charles County and St. Marys County along the middle of Wicomico River as laid down on “Chart No. 26, Natural Oyster Bars, Maryland,’’ from the upper end of Wicomico River, as shown on said chart, to a point at the mouth of Wicomico River defined by the intersection of this boundary line with the straight line between the center point of Cobb Point Bar Light defined by latitude 38° 14’ 33.3’ and longitude 76° 49’ 36.9 and a point on the northwest end of St. Catherine Island defined by latitude 38° 14’ 28.9 and longitude 76° 48’ 10.9’; thence along a straight line dividing the ‘‘ waters within territorial limits of eounty’’ and the ‘“‘ waters of Potomac River under joint jurisdiction of Maryland and Virginia as to fisheries”’ to the center point of Cobb Point Bar Light defined by latitude 38° 14’ 33.3’ and longitude 76° 49’ 36.9”; thence along a line following Cobb Point Bar, as laid down on “‘Chart No. 26, Natural Oyster Bars, Maryland,’’ to a point located on Cobb Point defined by latitude 38° 15/ 17.5” and longi- tude 76° 50’ 33.4”; thence along the mean low water line of the Maryland shore of Potomac River or a line across the mouth of all inlets less than 1oo yards in width, as the case may be, and then continuing along the Maryland shore of Potomac River, crossing the mouth of Potomac River entrances of Neals Sound, around Swan Point, and crossing the mouth of Cuckold Creek and all other creeks, bays, and inlets of Potomac River under the sole jurisdiction of Maryland, to the intersection of this line with the boundary line between Charles County and Prince Georges County.¢ «For a complete historical and legal description of the boundaries of the counties of Maryland, the valuable publication entitled “The Counties of Maryland—Their Origin, Boundaries, and Election Districts,’’ prepared by Dr. Edward B. Mathews and published by the Maryland Geological Survey under the direction of Dr. William Bullock Clark, Superintendent, should be consulted, as the boundaries described in this publication have been established and technically defined for the purpose of carrying out the oyster laws of the State, and may or may not be correct for other purposes. b See “Charts of Natural Oyster Bars,’’ published by the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and the progress map at the end of this publication. cLatitudes and longitudes based on the United States standard datum of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. 19 20 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. WATERS CONTIGUOUS TO COUNTY. The oyster laws of Maryland provide that a true and accurate delineation of all natural oyster bars shall be made on copies of charts of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, “which said copies shall be filed in the office of the said Commissioners in the city of Baltimore,” and “‘in the office of the clerks of the cireuit courts for the respec- tive counties wherein the grounds so designated may lie.” For the purpose of carrying out the latter part of this section of the law and for the purpose of establishing the limits of the oyster-culture area to be opened up for leasing with each county surveyed, it is necessary for the Shell Tish Commission to establish a boundary line between the waters contiguous to but not within the terri- torial limits of each county and the waters contiguous to but not within the territorial limits of adjacent counties. > This boundary line has been delineated on the “Charts of Natural Oyster Bars,” published by the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and is technically described and defined as follows: Commencing at a point located at the mouth and near the middle of Wicomico River defined by the intersection of the boundary line between Charles County and St. Marys County as laid down on “ Chart No. 26, Natural Oyster Bars, Maryland,’’ and the straight line between the center point of Cobb Point Bar Light defined by latitude 38° 14’ 33.3’ and longitude 76° 49’ 36.9 and a point on the northwest end of St. Catherine Island defined by latitude 38° 14’ 28.9’ and longitude 76° 48’ 10.9’; thence along a straight line dividing the “waters within territorial limits of county ’’ and the “ waters of Potomac River under joint jurisdiction of Maryland and Virginia as to fisheries”’ to the center point of Cobb Point Bar Light defined by latitude 38° 14’ 33.3’ and longitude 76° 40’ 36.9’; thence along a line following Cobb Point Bar as laid down on ‘‘Chart No. 26, Natural Oyster Bars, Maryland,”’ to a point located on Cobb Point defined by latitude 38° 15’ 17.5/’ and longitude 76° 50’ 33.4”; thence along the Maryland shore of the Potomac River across the entrances to Neals Sound, Cuckold Creek, and all other sounds, bays, creeks, or inlets under the sole jurisdiction of Maryland as to fisheries, to the intersection of this line with the boundary line between Charles County and Prince Georges County.¢ a Vatitudes and longitudes based on the United States standard datum of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. LANDMARKS (U. 8. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY TRIANGULATION STATIONS). EXPLANATION. The oyster laws of Maryland authorizing the survey to be made by the Shell Fish Commission provide for “‘an accurate report of said survey, setting forth such a descrip- tion of landmarks as may be necessary to enable the said board, or their successors, to find and ascertain the boundary lines of said natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks, as shown by delineation on the maps and charts.’’ ‘The law of the United States author- izing the cooperation of the Department of Commerce and Labor in the survey of natural oyster bars of Maryland provides for the erection of ‘‘such structures as may be necessary to mark the points of triangulation, so that the same may be used for such future work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey as the said Bureau may be hereafter required to perform in prosecuting the Government coast survey of the navigable waters of the United States located within the State of Maryland.” Under the provisions of the sections of the laws stated above, the markings and descriptions of landmarks must be sufficient for the present and future needs of both the Government and the State. With this end in view, considerable work has been expended in erecting permanent monuments at the triangulation stations and in the proper description of their location. An effort has been made to arrange the descriptions of location and character of landmarks in a uniform and logical manner. The descriptions start with the assump- tion that the individual seeking a landmark has only an indefinite idea of its location. They gradually proceed from description of the general locality of a landmark to the descriptions of its immediate surroundings. ‘This is followed by specific details of the character of the center and reference marks and a ‘“‘round”’ of reference angles and distances which in themselves frequently contain enough information to furnish an independent and reliable location of the triangulation station. METHOD OF DESCRIBING TRIANGULATION STATIONS. The separate descriptions of triangulation stations should not be used without reading the following explanation of the method of describing the triangulation stations, as it con- tains certain details that are common to all the landmarks described in this publication and which are omitted 1m the separate descriptions as being needless repetitions: Name. The title at the top of each separate description is the name by which the landmark or triangulation station is known and designated in all work and pub- lished oyster records or oyster charts of both the Government and State. The sSelec- tion of the name is usually left to the triangulator establishing the station, and it may or may not have geographic or other significance in reference to the locality. 21 to to Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. General locality —Under this heading is given the general locality of the landmark in reference to well-known and prominent natural or artificial features, such as the nearest body of water, town, river, steamer wharf, well-defined point of land, church, or any other feature that is likely to remain both permanent and prominent. This heading also covers a reference to the published chart or map which shows the location of the station most clearly. Nearly all the triangulation stations described in this publication are plainly indicated by name and a triangulation symbol on the published charts of oyster bars of Maryland. In this case they are referred to by serial number only, the words ‘“‘charts of oyster bars of Maryland’’ being omitted to avoid needless repetition. These published oyster charts are on the large scale of 1 part in 20,000 (approximately 314 inches to a statute mile) and show the location of the trian- gulation stations so clearly that in many cases the written descriptions will not be required to find them. y Immediate locality —Under this heading is given the description of the “observed station’? in reference to its immediate surroundings. This is supposed to include a statement of the station’s estimated elevation above high water or some other well- defined level of the locality, such as a road or house; the character of the ground on which it is located, such as marsh land, sand beach, cultivated field, or meadow; esti- mated bearings in points of the compass and estimated distances in yards from (not to) easily recognized features, such as extreme end of point, edge of bluff, bank of creek, line of telephone poles, shore line, barn, house, fence, ditch, trees, or any other definite detail, such as being on range with the tangent of an island and a church; and so forth. When a standard monument has been established near the station as a “reference station,” this heading also covers a statement of the true bearing of the monument in degrees and minutes and its measured distance in meters, as it is the first object that is likely to catch the eye when the immediate vicinity of the desired station is reached and might be mistaken for the center mark of the “observed station”’ unless special attention is called to it. The distinction between the “‘observed station’’ and ‘“‘reference station’’ should be carefully noted by anyone making use of the description of stations for any future surveying operations. The “observed station”’ is located at the particular triangulation point covered by the description of stations, and is the one whose geographic position is first computed, as it is the point which was “‘occupied”’ and “observed on”’ for horizontal angles. How- ever, in spite of the primary importance of the location of the “‘observed station,” it will be noted from the description of stations that frequently it is not marked as well as the “reference station,’’ and in many instances has only a pine stub to indicate its position. This is the case for the reason that the necessity of intervisibility of land- marks usually made it compulsory to locate ‘“‘observed stations’’ on edges of banks and ends of points of land, which in the tide-water section of Maryland generally means they will be washed away in a short period of years. The past experience of the Coast and Geodetic Survey in this region has shown the great need of “reference stations,” if the frequent reestablishment of a new framework of triangulation is to be avoided. The chief reason and need for the establishment of the ‘reference station,’ or secondary station, as it might be well named, is explained in the preceding paragraph, but in several instances other reasons, such as the location of the ‘‘observed station’’ , ’ Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 23 on an unstable sand dune, in a cultivated field, in front of a residence, or other places objectionable to the landowner, have led to establishment of “‘reference stations.” The location of the “reference station”’ in relation to the “‘observed station”’ is fixed for plotting on charts or for computation of its geographic position by checked measure- ments of its distances and azimuth from the ‘‘observed station.”’ @ Marks.—Under this heading is given a description of the character of the permanent monuments or other marks of the location of the “‘observed station,’ and of the “‘refer- ence station’’ where one has been established. All the marks designated in the descriptions as ‘‘the center point of triangle on standard cement monument”’ are exactly alike. These monuments are made of cement, sand, and gravel, and are 2 feet long and 8 inches square at top and bottom. Their tops are all marked with the same brass mold and show a center hole surrounded by a triangle, with the letters “‘M. S. F. C.”’ arranged around the vertex and the letters “U.S. C. 8.” underneath the base of the triangle. The center hole is always in the center of the top of the monument by construction, and if this is found to have been broken off without disturbing the bottom the center of its square section can be used as the location of the station. All the “‘standard cement monuments,’ whether used for marking the ‘“‘observed station” or “reference station,’ have been planted upright in exactly the same manner, with their tops projecting 3 or 4 inches above the surface of the ground, unless otherwise stated. Therefore, as the above facts in reference to the “‘standard cement monuments” are a constant element in all cases, the repetition of these facts in the description of stations is made needless by this one statement. References.—Under this heading are given the ‘‘rounds”’ of directions and distances to all objects that might be useful in locating the stations when the surface marks can not be found. It is also contemplated that for general purposes of topography, hydrog- raphy, or location of boundaries of oyster bars these references will be sufficient in many cases to relocate the position of an ‘‘observed station”’ or ‘‘reference station’? when both of them have been destroyed. The first reference object given in the descriptions is always a triangulation station visible from the station being described, this, if possible, being a light-house, church sp-re, or other permanent and prominent point. Its direction is taken as being 0° 00’ 007’, and the directions of all other objects are measured from it as an initial point, the angles being taken in a clockwise direction (left to right). The true bearing? of the initial object is always given in parentheses alongside its name. This furnishes means for the calculation of the bearings of any of the other reference objects for the purposes of locating a station by horizontal angles or for the relocation of corner buoys of oyster-bar boundaries by the method of compass directions described n this publication under the heading of ‘‘ Boundaries of oyster bars.” ce ras “ @ Geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude, distance, and azimuth) relating to any of the “‘ob- served stations’’ or of the “reference stations’’ described in this publication can be obtained by applica- tion to the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, at Washington, D. C. » The mean magnetic variation for Charles County was 5° 20’ west of north in 1910 and increasing at the rate of 4’ yearly. 5 24 4 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. The distances in the last column under ‘‘References’’ are given in three different units, which vary according to their accuracy. The ‘‘miles’’ are statute miles and may be considered only as rough estimates. The “‘yards’’ are more accurate, but must be looked on as-results generally obtained by pacing or careful estimating. The ‘‘ meters,” however, are accurate to the degree indicated by their decimals and in every case have been measured with a steel tape. In the same manner the accuracy of the directions are indicated by the refinement of angular measure with which they are recorded. DESCRIPTIONS OF TRIANGULATION STATIONS. BARBER. General locality.—Northeastern shore of Wicomico River about 34 mile north-northeast of Stoddard Point. (See Chart No. 26.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on grass land about 2 feet above high-water mark, 3 yards north of shore, 20 yards west of trees which extend inland along creek, 4 yards southwest by west of a corner of a fence and 15 yards southeast of another corner of a fence. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— OF, al ets ES work lergal! O((SiG)F AS Wi))s no ar Gd nen ancaenane te), eh Coy sa-c4- 1's miles. Left chimney of Stoddard house.............. Cy een ae rs 1 miles. Near peak of roof between two chimneys...... Ag 1LS. sete eee 14 miles. Chimney on left end of small house........... O22 cA ey eee 114 miles. Nail in blaze in top fence rail. ae i MIG UNMOON oo Wan. en 10.62 meters. Nail in blaze in cedar tree (5 PecEee Aemerene. GG. Cle) 2 ac ai Scie 10.75 meters, Nail in blaze in top of chestnut fence post.... 245 24 ~..~...... 3.43 meters. Nail in blaze in persimmon tree (5 inches ALAM STE) seek evans ne ce eRe reece erotane reat 2G CS MeRILOUE" athe Mia ate 13.94 meters. Manaentiok pout wche ste a)ecslolenne veces BOCK ig’ “ei abe care: 1, mile. Near large chimney of negro quarters......... BODO TaN, Petey ak ry miles. UPPER. General locality.—Southwestern shore of Wicomico River on Stoddard Point (upper point) about 214 miles north-northwest of Mills Point. (See Chart No. 26.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on a long narrow point about 2 feet above high-water mark, 5 yards south of side of point, 8 yards northwest of side of point, 38 yards west of high-water mark on middle of point and 138 yards west by north of high-water mark on extreme end of point. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— Chie ecdy 027 “AS Wore Kolevole (Sie CfA 18)) sn dard aacds pian COGAs DEE Ounoo; oon s.r Ly mile. IRUteAaiie Clauh sapeVayy Coyt Siorelsercal Moyo. vondscatochaneng wae) HA wae. \, mile. Banas) Sirens aR Baron SAR ian Me 1, mile. Bement! OU Sear RAMEE ls el-cine IRAQ EON Same Settee 1, mile. Tangent of next point. . dmAchne icon gece OPO Or MMes. Bieehc 5s mile. Right chimney of irawls on sage Jn thot BBO Sea 070) 05) Seer sea 3 miles. Chimney outside small house on opposite shore... 213 28 .. ...... 114 miles. Near corner post of piazza of large house.......... 247 47 .. ..-... 15§ miles. Chimmneyatoproh key houseren. eee se 206 on Mian ise 134 miles. KEY. General locality.—Northeastern shore of Wicomico River on a high bluff about 1 mile north of Cohouck Point. (See Chart No. 26.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is about 30 feet above high-water mark in an orchard, about 24 yards northeast of edge of bank, 49 yards north of edge of bank, 15 yards east of edge of bank, 130 yards south-southwest of negro quarters and 130 yards west of fence which incloses an orchard. Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 25 Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— “Stoddard’’ (S 70° 48’ W).. ae Near comer of near amnesia on a Stoddard howe. Near corner of near chimney of small house. ... Peak of roof between two chimneyson house... Peak of roof of very large barn................ Chimney on middle of roof on two-story house. . Near corner of near chimney of negro’s quarters. Nailin blaze in apple tree (12 inches diameter). - Chinn eyrok Key house eee esate saan ver Nail in blaze in apple tree (14 inches diameter) . Peak of roof of large barn.. Nail in blaze in apple tree e Sadites) diameter). Peak of roof of house on piles.. Between two chimneys of ‘eres. Briel Fone on STODDARD. General locality.—Western shore of Wicomico River about ! References.— ° pall pecan’ Nip 26 m7 aWilwnwer sterte ciciaeteeee a keer ° Outside chimney ‘of small house. . 23 Peak of front gable of large house o on niridge.. 52 Chimney on top of Key house.. 5 94 Chimney outside of two anda half Stony, onset 153 Right chimney of large house. . 172 Peak of roof of house on Chaptico W hart. 180 Chimney top of house on piles.. oe 228 Near corner of chimney on Stoddard inerres. 284 Nail in blaze in pear tree (24 inches diameter)... 315 Nail in blaze in pear tree (4 inches diameter).. 349 COHOUCK. o 259 281 347 / Mf pon MA sont, ae 13g miles. 1's miles. 2 miles. nite 3 miles. S255 3 miles. we agonyards: ~ 2. 22.55 meters: ae 14 mile. ene DSenQemleLers. Hy. Y4 mile. ... 7-94 meters. eee sce ouatles: 21% miles. 2 mile south-southeast of Stoddard Point and 1 mile west-northwest of Cohouck Point. (See Chart No. Hea Immediate locality.—Observed station is on gravel, grass, and shell point, near a lone gum tree, about 2 feet above high-water mark, 6 yards south-southwest of side of point, 6 yards north of side of point, ro yards west of extreme end of point and 158 yards east-northeast of Stoddard house. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. 7 4/ ya 1% miles. ... 238 miles. 178 miles. Sats 2 miles. is} a S¢ miles. > mile. aye 158 yards. ... 4.58 meters. 9.41 meters. General locality.—Eastern shore of Wicomico River on Cohouck Point on the northern side of entrance to Chaptico Bay. (See Chart No. 26.) Immediate locality —Observed station is on Cohouck Point, about 6 feet above high-water mark, 12 yards east of edge of bank, 35 yards south of edge of bank, 85 yards northeast of extreme point and about 25 yards north of marsh. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— ° SUE NON] GPG) Be ae toiaheheo lbs Soe ain eI aE ° Nearest chimney on negro quarters.............. ° Near peak of roof of barn. s 26 Chimney outside near eat os 7 aul: a Shale story Jeloyb Gono me es FA DRC pci TAOS OOSD RC eRTO Ieee ORI 128 Right chimney of Lyon house near Mills Point.... 171 Chimney on flat roof house near mouth of Bowmans CreCke yet Saat cee te ition tetas miata 28 Chinneyrontarendiofitotsesssea cess sete er ee 261 Chimimeyaoniiouseion\pilesaes seer eerie ae 270 Peak of front gable of house on ridge............. 352 4/ Meets § mile. Taare 1 mile. Fete. wif 1 mile. siteared 34 mile. anes 76 1'@ miles. eae 2 miles. We. Sof 134 miles. g miles. 26 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. HAYDEN. General locality.—Western shore of the Wicomico River about 1's miles west of Cohouck Point. (See Chart No. 26.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is surrounded by water bushes on marshy land, about 1 foot above high water, 5 yards northwest of shore and 17 yards southeast of line of trees on top of bank. Cement monument marking reference station is 11.50 meters N 54° 34’ W of observed station. Marks.—Observed station is nail in stub with top 3 inches above ground. Reference station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— Wee 72 Bs Specs aN (Shy- 0 Gale Tove 1D) erratic any poet Meee aor QO) (OO; COW. lee 138 miles. Between two main chimneys of large house be- lows@haptieo Whar). crs «femcieiysts!satas ss 5 CUR Aes. Eee 234 miles. West roof peak of house on ChapticoWharf.... 6 5r .. ...... 214 miles. Chimney on middle of square house............ 65 06 ........ 5g mile. Nail in blaze in cedar tree (18inches diameter). 124 14 .. ...... 23.45 meters. Nail in blaze in locust tree (8 inches diameter) 155 23 ........ 16.55 meters. RERORENCE STATION sy o\pirtcie aieie)s1s\«, o)s)eiel sisted =) =) eh Tee AS) vB 11.51 meters. Nail in blaze in oak tree (8 inches diameter).... 213 29 .. ...... 18.74 meters. Ghimneyion) Key fopse: . 22 .c.02. fecpee oh eee BIAS: FA 5» Sayceenete See 134 miles. Chimney of Maddox house. . Even tele tip) 2A ASOD tl ects ame 334 miles. Right chimney outside of aie harness, SONOS yma ened eat, Ae 154 miles. PERRY. General locality.—Southeastern shore of Chaptico Bay, about 1 mile northeast of Mills Point and 5¢ mile southeast of Cohouck Point. (See Chart No. 26.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is in an open field, about 20 feet above high-water mark, 8 yards northwest of edge of bank, 9 yards south-southwest from edge of gully in bank, 5 yards south of edge of bank of gully, and about 150 yards north-northeast of creek. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— pore See Mabacte (Signe Lo? Wiis apeetetiocis facial eieey- a nO ROOMNOON, Sat fe 1 mile. Chimney, onirightend| ofjhousey.- a: eeieey 4k eyeieee 23 miles. Chimney on flat-roof house.........-.......... I5 03 2'4 miles. Left chimney of Crane house................. BME RG nba s 35% miles. Nail in blaze in locust tree (3 inchesdiameter). 42 34 ........ 10.49 meters. Nearest chimney on larger part of double brick HOUSE co. ajote Hacins wed alee eee epee AZ” AROS At cies 356 miles. Wefichimney ofhouseionipiles seas sei) 5) Zoe eell ear 134 miles. Near peak of roof on house.................... Oey Yen ne ee 2 miles. Near corner of near chimney of Stoddard house. 66 59 .. ...... 2 miles. Nail in blaze in locust tree (3 inchesdiameter). 81 go . ..... 8.44 meters. Peak of front gable of house on ridge.......... MZ, (5 IL)». fe - wei GQ COs: Nail in blaze in locust tree (8 inches diameter). 136 40 ........ 5-95 meters. Near chimney of large house on ridge.......... 169 o8 ........ 154 miles. Chimney outside of two-and-a-half-story house. 289 15 ........ 150 yards. BURR. General locality.—Westerm shore of Wicomico River directly opposite mouth of Chaptico Bay and 34 mile north of Bowmans Creek. (See Chart No. 26.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on hard ground between a sloping bank ro feet high covered with trees and a marshy shore, about 2 feet above high-water mark, 18 yards northwest of extreme point, 23 yards north of shore, 17 yards southwest of shore, and 9 yards southeast of bottom of bank. Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 24 Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— ee ok Cia (SIGH S02) de aa ano anne ean eae Aecmcae 8). Gs) Mele) ease ce 114 miles. Between two chimneys of large houseonridge. 16 39 .. ...... 434 miles. West end of peak of roof of house on Chaptico Wiktar pce S24), Seip Stn ey Apa t. Ne 2i TLS Mee er. 21g miles. Right chimney of two-and-a-half-story house... 72 2Ir ........ 114 miles. Chimney in middle of large house. . ae Soi et tee et iciee 1% miles. Nail in blaze in persimmon tree Cn inghes ah AMELEL): ce cay-vei Ae eee Bee tee ae reeie hee Cy) Din nos Woamioer 7.67 meters. Nail in blaze in persimmon tree (9 inches di- Arrieteh) WA axle edn cee ae ieee eso: HO2ME SOM eke Pele 2 2.60 meters. Nail.in blaze in persimmon tree (10 inches di- EhsoCie) | nando ne aerate oe Cae Ree ne 2360 (22 .En wali 3-86 meters. Main chimney of Key house.................. BO SENOS MMi ttc it 2% miles. Chimney on Maddox house................... BESy c2Bu pas eme ses 3's miles. FACT. General locality.—Eastern shore of Wicomico River on Mills Point on south side of mouth of Chaptico Bay. (See Chart No. 26.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on a long point covered on the southern side with gum and cedar trees, about ro feet above high-water mark, 23 yards from extreme end of top of bank, 6 yards north of edge of bank, and’8 yards southeast of edge of bank. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— “Cobb) Point Barn Wieht(S 7° 13°)... © 60 (oO ...... 6% miles. Nail in blaze in cedar tree (7inchesdiameter).. 5 07 ........ 6.20 meters. Nail in blaze in-oak tree (28 inches diameter).. 56 16 ........ 6.37 meters. Chimney on ell end of Stoddard house......... 157 08 .. ...... 178 miles. ChimneyioniKeyOUses a )-)-\ dita « ieteos TOG) AGAR rey terrarie = 21 miles. Near peak of roof of large house............... DTA Ou en leyere 14 mile. Nail in blaze in cedar tree (6 inches diameter). 301 45 .. ...... 16.26 meters. Near chimney of large house near shore....... BU NG Be en ehh eee: 54 mile. West end of peak of house on Chaptico Wharf.. 342 53 .. ...... 7% mile. BOWMAN. General locality —Western shore of Wicomico River at northeast side of mouth of Bowmans Creek and 1!4 miles west by south of Mills Point. (See Chart No. 26.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is sutrounded by water bushes on point of land about 1% feet above high water, 14 yards east of high-water mark, 16 yards north of extreme end of point, 20 yards northeast of side of point, 20 yards south of several cedar trees, and about 150 yards south of a house. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— ca tad were “Sacred Heart Church Spire’ (S 62° 50’ E)... 0 00 o©0...... 454 miles. Chimrneysonsendion long hOUSeuy rere eters en LON 37 eels 314 miles. Chimney of Lyon house. . ae Boh Ol yates 34 miles. Nail in blaze in cedar tree G facings amereon BO) O4mrA Ola tara! =i SacreduHeart: Chiuee Mm Spire antes ccrieciecmccrtse 1230) Of 20) stil 3 miles. Gable of house on wharf at Brentood! Nee 2 50% 1O0)* reed rcs Se 134 miles. Westirablejot Honse san scot. orice teers siege ene tewins 208). 100). Be ayavctste = 2 miles. West gable on one-story house................... BEG TOI pay lepers = 2'4 miles. North chimney of two-story house................ 330 12 .. ...... 2'% miles. ROCK POINT CATHOLIC CHURCH CROSS. General. locality —Eastern shore of Wicomico River at Rock Point. (See Chart No. 26.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is in settlement called Rock Point. It is on the larger of two similar buildings, the smaller one being the schoolhouse. Marks —Observed station is center point of cross on Rock Point Catholic Church. References.—None necessary. : PREC. General locality.—Eastern shore of Wicomico River on Bluff Point about 2 miles north-northeast of Cobb Point Bar Light. (See Chart No. 26.) Immediate locality —Observed station is about 10 feet above high-water mark, 34 yards southeast of nearest end of neck of Bluff Point, 29 yards south-southeast of shore, 16 yards northeast of shore, and 88 yards west by southwest of house. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— ie eS “Cobb Point Bar Light’’ (S 28° 377 W)........ OF, CONCOla. eee 2 miles. Mangentiof woodsion Cobb) Point. .........-..-- 34. 04 :- ...--. 2 miles. mRocksboint Catuolie: Church Crosswawer.s... 70. 10) 30) 42) 158 miles. Nail in blaze in locust tree (3 inches diameter)... 116 14 4o ...... 20.64 meters. Left chimney of Garner house. . RG. at ne SASS Aza tena ene se 1's miles. Nail in blaze in left one of twin ecused trees (12 inches diameter). . Hise ene tie fol sre ban 30.36 meters. “Sacred Heart Church Spire” 7/2 eS LON elers - 234 miles. Near chimney of Sherrer house. . 5 22837) RENE RSs). 88 yards. Nail in blaze in poplar tree (6 aiches diame)! ZAZT TOD 50) !.- 4-1: 33-74 meters. Nail in blaze in poplar tree (5 inches diameter). 282 00 4o ...... 27.71 meters. Pertichtmney of cottagensssse hues. ese os. Ai |s} OE oe Sarit c Vg mile. Right chimney of Bailey house on St. Margarets USL an Ge cape prene verse norte delays e ss aa scale al avsiche RE) OG Sa esate 114 miles to Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. ios) CORNER. General locality.—Western shore of Wicomico River on the eastern side of an island known as Cobb Point Neck about halfway between Cobb Point and the entrance to Neales Sound. (See Chart No. 26.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is in a cultivated field on a bluff bordered with pine trees about 15 feet above high-water mark, 3 yards west of a wire fence running along edge of bluff and 21 yards east-northeast of a wire fence which separates cornfield from pine woods. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— . ve bac! “Cobb Point Bar Light’ (S 29° 39’ E)........ 0) ,00) (col eats 134 miles. Nail in blaze in cedar tree (3 inches diameter).. 50 02 .. ...... 16.98 meters. Nail in blaze in pine tree (8 inches diameter)... 111 43 .. ...... 21.41 meters. Nail in blaze in pine tree (12 inches diameter). 135 20 .. ...... 33-22 meters. Middilechimneysonbousesieere swe sae. oes 177) 07 Avon eee 14 mile. a Catho el@hiir chs Grosswaeranen vies aot putea 207) Ove Omen 7% mile. Left chimney of house on St. Margarets Island.. 318 56 .. ...... 15% miles. ST. MARGARET 2. General locality.—Northwestern side of Potomac River on the southwestern side of St. Margarets Island in the mouth of the Wicomico River about 1 mile northeast of Cobb Point Bar Light. (See Chart No. 26.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on a bluff about 12 feet above high-water mark, 15 inches northeast of edge of bluff, 86 yards northwest of cow shed, 129 yards south-southwest of several houses and 154 yards west-southwest of Bailey (large) house. Cement monument marking reference station is 79.19 meters N 46° 26’ E of observed station and at corner of cow shed. Marks.—Observed station is center of a stub in a 2'3-inch tile pipe set in cement with top flush with ground. Reference station is center point of triangle of standard cement monument. References.— Shy fees “Cobb Point Bar Light’’ (S 53° 22’ W)........ Oop Sool het 1 mile. Waraesant Oi (Co)o) y leoywehe Coogan sean. 450 03" Le... 2h) Dgumiles? mRock Point (Catholic ChurchiGross!* ese en wog 42 50) -nnek 17% miles. Chimney on left of Garner new house.......... 129 4o .. ...... 235 miles. masactedukleart Chichi Spire alan aiees eiiseer lien x3) 127 Cm ie 4 miles. RERPRENGCE STATION. 2. secon cee center 7S (OMe IDS Ne sities 79-19 meters. Left chimney of Bailey house................. LOM 50 ae ew-he SSOMyaALasE Nearest chimney of small house on Bullock DRS earn 8 rss elev «72a she) RE ER 220) SOR Met (tel ela 1 mile. Left chimney of small house on St. Catherine JISC 50(G Woe ae eee SG. 30 Aor colo Sao Nee 250 32 eee pee 134 miles. COBB POINT BAR LIGHT. General locality.—Northerly side of Potomac River at mouth of Wicomico River on the southeastern extremity of Cobb Point Bar. (See Chart No. 26.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on the end of Cobb Point Bar at the mouth of the Wicomico River. Marks.—Observed station is center point of black lantern on screw pile structure known as “Cobb Point Bar Light.”’ References.— peblakistonmslancdiligiit 2 (S)orS 2516) i ese COO OO syne 5 miles. Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 33 RIVER SPRINGS CATHOLIC CHAPEL CROSS. General locality —Northern side of Potomac River inland about 34 mile north by west of River Springs. (See Chart No. 26.) Immediate locality —Observed station is on building known as River Springs Catholic Chapel. Marks.—Observed station is center of cross on River Springs Catholic Chapel. References.—None necessary. SOUND. General locality.—Northern shore of St. Catherine Sound about 214 miles east by north of Cobb Point Bar Light and 14 mile east of Bullock Island. (See Chart No. 26.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is about 15 feet above high-water mark, 35 yards north of edge of bank, 2 yards east of wire fence, 65 yards east of edge of bank, 57 yards south of southeast corner of fence of house yard, and 63 yards south by west of telephone pole line which is on the same side of the road. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on SERRE: cement monument. References.— As sake “Cobb Point Bar Light” (S 84° 53’ W)........... © CONCO Ganaos 214 miles. Right chimney of house on Bullock Island....... SIA rsideke ers 14 mile. Near end of small chimney on large house........ CY aI das sasricg I mile. Left corner post of fence. . ae Ber reise yao Wl OS OSE ann er ake Near. Near corner of chimney of seem inves. pipes c pel) iS ve Scie Near. Neer camace 908: 8 GE ce ee He) 3. be ecucoe Near. Richt) peal offroofiofibarn. vet... TEAGUE. (Upper Patuxent River—Chart No. 20.) 53 Cor- True bearing. ot Latitude. Longitude. 2 : a) Distance. | U- 5: Coe Cp nangula ar. orwar ack. ° / tf ° / sf ° / ° / Yards. 1} 38 3r 26.32 | 76 40 15.01 | N 74 28 E |S 74 29 W » 1,750 | Buena. N 4012 W |S 4012 E 408 | Teague. Sx3.24 W | N 13) 24 2 I, 222 | City. 2| 38 31 47.57 |- 76 40 25.32 |S x 23 E N 1 23 W. 405 | Teague. S 82 47 E N 82 46 W 1,974 | Buena. N 23 49 E S 23 49 W 1, 208 | Leitch. 3} 38 32 41.00] 76 40 05.60/}S 88 56 E N 88 56 W | 1,436 | Buena. N 128 W S 1288 1,328 | Leitch. S 7o 21 W N 7o 21 E 545 | Teague. 4] 38 31 31.00 | 76 40 00.50] N 76 34 E S 76 35 W I, 337 | Buena. N 5 48 W © 548E 1, 673 | Leitch. N 76 37 W S 76 38 E 666 | Teague. 3 § ELBOW. (Upper Patuxent River—Chart No. 20.) ° / 4 ° J 4/ ° Me | ° / Yards. Z| 38 3% r1.40| 76 40 07.18| N 3001 W |S 30 o2 E 942 | Teague S 35 30 W N 35 30 E 844 | City. S22) Oe Nz OW 1,346 | Hallowing. 2 | 38 31 21.38 | 76 40 07.64|N 6655 E |S 66 56 W 1,620 | Buena. | N 43 48 W S 43 48 E 663 | Teague. S 25 o2 W N 25 o2 E I, 131 | City. 3 | 38 3m 23.96 | 76 39 59. 32 || N 66.36 EF S 66 37 W I, 383 | Buena. N 6002 W |S 6003E | 784 | Teague. S 3210 W | N 32 10 E | 1,312 | City. 4 | 38 3r 15.42 | 76 39 58.63 | N 56 15 E S 56 16 W 1,505 | Buena [N45 45W |S 4545 E 973 | Teague |S 4107 W | WN 4t o7 E 1,090 | City. Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. o4 CARPENTERS YARD. (Upper Patuxent River—Chart No. 26.) Cor ‘True bearing. mr | Latitude. Longitude. | ~ Distance. bar. Forward. Back. ° / 4/ ° / 4/ ° / ° / Yards: x | 38 30 14.21 | 76 40 28. 3219 59 32 EB N59 32 W I, 260 | N 54 22 E 1S 54 23 W I, O51 N 54 57 W S 5457 E 494 2| 38 30 14.56| 76 40 37.12 |S 63 45 E N 63 44 W 1,471 : N 61 02 E S 61 03 W I, 240 | N 32 13 W 532003 8r 322 | 3 | 38 30 24.62 | 76 qo 38.64] N 76 57 E |S 76 58 W 1,158 N2r05 E |S 21 o5 W 954 S 6254 W |N 62 54 E 148 | 4 | 38 30 39.94 | 76.40 25.60|S 71 56 E | N 72 56 W 822 N o 24 W 5 0248 373 |S 39 33 W | N 39 18 E 752 5 | 38 30 29.62 | 76 40 20.02 | N 81 39 E |S 81 40 W 641 Nir 47 W |S 11 48 E 736 | S 6919 W |N 6919 E 667 | | 6 | 38 30 24. 08 | 76 40 27.79 | N 71 36 E |S 71 37 W 886 NG ep 1 US epee WY gto S) N . oo a iS] fo) oo oo tn ° be | a nN U.S.C. & G. S. triangula- tion station. Dwarf. _ Hallowing. Indian. Dwarf. Hallowing. Indian. | Hallowing. City. Indian. Hallowing. City. Indian, Hallowing. City. Indian. Hallowing. City. Indian. AU ER NDA Se AppeNnDIx A.—LAWS RELATING TO THE COOPERATION OF THE COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY AND BUREAU OF FISHERIES WITH THE MARYLAND SHELL FISH COM- MISSION. The work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and of the Bureau of Fisheries, in cooperation with the Maryland Shell Fish Commission, in surveying the oyster bars, establishing permanent landmarks at triangulation stations, and preparing for publication the necessary charts and technical and legal descriptions of boundaries and landmarks shown on these charts, has been executed in compliance with a request from the governor of the State of Maryland to the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, and by the authority of the following laws of the United States and Maryland: [Act of Congress approved May 26, 1906.] AN ACT To authorize the Secretary of Commerce and Labor to cooperate, through the Bureau of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Bureau of Fisheries, with the shellfish commissioners of the State of Maryland in making surveys of the natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks in the waters within the State of Maryland. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of Commerce and Labor be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed, upon the request of the governor of the State of Maryland, to designate such officers, experts, and employees of the Bureau of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and of the Bureau of Fisheries as may be necessary to cooperate with the Maryland State board of shellfish commissioners in making a survey of and locating the natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks in the waters within the State of Maryland; and the Secretary of Commerce and Labor is hereby authorized and directed to furnish to the officers, experts, and employees of said Bureaus so detailed as aforesaid such instruments, appliances, and steam launches as may be necessary to make the survey aforesaid; and the Secretary of Commerce and Labor is hereby authorized to have made in the Bureau of the Coast and Geodetic Survey all the plats necessary to show the results of the aforesaid survey and the locations of the said natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks in the waters within the State of Maryland, and to furnish to the board of shell- fish commissioners of the State of Maryland such copies as may be necessary, and for this purpose to employ, in the District of Columbia and elsewhere, such technically qualified persons as may be necessary to carry out the purpose of this act. Sec. 2. That the Secretary of Commerce and Labor is hereby further authorized to have erected or constructed by the officers so detailed as aforesaid, while making such survey, such structures as may be necessary to mark the points of triangulation, so that the same may be used for such future work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey as the said Bureau may be hereafter required to perform in prosecuting the Government coast survey of the navigable waters of the United States located within the State of Maryland. Sec. 4. That this act shall take effect from the date of its passage. [Act of Congress approved June 30, 1906.] AN ACT Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and seven, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropriated, for the objects herein- after expressed, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and seven, namely: *°* * 55 56 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. Coast AND GEopETIC SuRVEY: * * * For any special surveys * * * including the expenditures authorized under Public Act Numbered One hundred and eighty-one, approved May twenty-sixth, nineteen hundred and six, and contingent expenses incident thereto, five thousand dollars, together with the unexpended balance under this appropriation for nineteen hundred and six and prior years which is hereby reappropriated and made available on this account for the fiscal year nineteen hundred and seven. * * * {Act of Congress approved March 4, 1907.] AN ACT Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eight, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropriated, for the objects herein- after expressed, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eight, namely: * * * Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY: * * * For any special surveys * * * including expenses of surveys in aid of the shellfish commission of the State of Maryland, to be immediately available and to continue available until expended, twenty-five thousand dollars. * * * [Act of Congress approved May 27, 1908.) AN ACT Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nine, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropriated, for the objects herein- after expressed, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nine, namely: * * * Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY: * * * For any special surveys * * * including expenses of surveys in aid of the shellfish commission of the State of Maryland, which expenses, including cost of plats and charts, shall not exceed fifteen thousand dollars in any one year, to be immediately avail- able, twenty thousand dollars. [Act of Congress approved March 4, 1909.] AN ACT Making appropriation for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and ten, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropriated, for the objects herein- after expressed, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and ten, namely: * * * Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY: * * * For any special surveys * * * including expenses of surveys in aid of the shellfish commission of the State of Maryland, which expenses, including cost of plats and charts, shall not exceed fifteen thousand dollars in any one year, to be immediately avail- able, twenty thousand dollars. [Act of Congress approved June 25, ror0.] AN ACT Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eleven, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropriated, for the objects herein- after expressed, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eleven, namely: * * * Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY: * * * For any special surveys * * * including expenses of surveys in aid of the shellfish commission of the State of Maryland, to be immediately available fifteen thousand dollars. ; ; Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 7 [Act of the Legislature of Maryland approved April 2, 1906.) AN ACT To establish and promote the industry of oyster culture in Maryland, to define and mark natural oyster beds, bars and rocks lying under the waters of this State, to prescribe penalties for the infringement of the provisions of this Act, and) ane SEcTION 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That the following sections be, and they are hereby, added to article 72 of the Code of Public General Laws, title “Oysters.” * * * Sec. 86. The Board of Shell Fish Commissioners shall, as soon as practicable after the passage of this Act, cause to be made a true and accurate survey of the natural oyster beds, bars and rocks of this State, said survey to be made with reference to fixed and permanent objects on the shore, giving courses and distances, to be fully described and set out in a written report of said survey, as hereinafter required. A true and accurate delineation of the same shall be made on copies of published maps and charts of the United States coast and geodetic survey, which said copies shall be filed in the office of the said commissioners in the city of Annapolis, and the said commissioners shall further cause to be delineated upon copies of the published maps and charts of the United States coast and geodetic survey, of the largest scale, one copy for each of the counties of this State in the waters of which there are natural oyster beds, bars and rocks, all natural beds, bars and rocks lying within the waters of such county, which maps shall be filed in the offices of the clerks of the Circuit Court for the respective counties wherein the grounds so designated may lie. * * * SkEc. 87. The Governor of this State is hereby requested to ask the assistance of the United States coast and geodetic survey, and of the United States Fish Commissioner, to aid in the carrying out of the provisions of the preceding section. * * * * * * * * Sec. 89. As soon as practicable after the first day of April, 1906, the said commissioners shall organize, arid shall at once proceed, with the assistance of such person or persons as may be detailed by the United States coast and geodetic survey and the United States Fish Commissioner, to aid them in their work, and of such persons as may be appointed under the preceding section, to have laid out, surveyed and designated on the said charts, the natural beds and bars, and shall cause to be marked and defined as accurately as practicable the limits and boundaries of the natural beds, bars, and rocks as established by said survey, and they shall take true and accurate notes of said survey in writing, and make an accurate report of said survey, setting forth such a description of landmarks as may be necessary to enable the said board, or their successors, to find and ascertain the boundary lines of the said natural oyster beds, bars and rocks, as shown by a delineation on the maps and charts provided in this Act; said report shall be completed and filed in the office of the board in the city of Annapolis within ninety days after the completion of the survey of any county. Said commissioners shall cause the same to be published in pamphlet form, and transmit copies of the said to the Clerks of the Circuit court for the respective counties, where the charts have been filed or directed to be filed as hereinafter provided; the said report to be filed by the clerks of the several counties in a book kept for that purpose. And the said survey and report, when filed, subject to the right of appeal hereafter provided forin this Act, shall be taken in all of the courts of this State as conclusive evidence of the boundaries and limits of all natural oyster beds, bars and rocks, lying within the waters of the county wherein such survey and report are filed, and shall be construed to mean in all of the said courts that there are no natural oyster beds, bars or rocks lying within the waters of the counties wherein such report and survey are filed other than those embraced in the survey authorized by this Act, and that all areas of the Chesa- peake Bay and its tributaries within the State of Maryland, not shown in the survey to be natural oyster beds, bars or rocks shall be construed in all the courts of the State to be barren bottoms and open for disposal by the State for the purpose of private planting or propagation of oysters thereon under the provisions of this Act; provided, that the said survey and report shall not be construed as to affect in any manner the holdings by citizens of this State in any lot which may have been appro- priated or taken up under the laws of this State prior to the approval of this Act. 58 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. The law of the State of Maryland, passed March 9, 1842, authorizing officers of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey to enter upon the lands within the State limits for the purposes of the survey, is as follows: AN ACT Concerning the Survey of the Coast of Maryland. Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That it shall and may be lawful for any person or persons employed under and by virtue of an act of the Congress of the United States, * * * at any time hereafter to enter upon lands within this State for the purpose of exploring, sur- veying, triangulating, or leveling, or doing any other matter or thing which may be necessary to effect the objects of said act, and to erect any works, stations, buildings, or appendages requisite for that purpose, doing no unnecessary injury to private or other property. Sec. 2.4 And be it enacted, That in case the person or persons employed under the act of Congress aforesaid, can not agree with the owners or possessors of the land so entered upon and used as to the amount of damage done thereto by reason of the removal of fences, cutting of trees or injury to the crop or crops growing on the same, it shall and may be lawful for the said parties or either of them to apply to the chief justice for the time being or one of the associate judges of the judicial district in which such land may be situated, who shall thereupon appoint three disinterested and judicious free- holders, residents of the same judicial district, to proceed with as much despatch as possible to the examination of the matter in question, and the faithful assessment of the damages sustained by the owners or possessors aforesaid, and the said freeholders or a majority of them, having first taken and subscribed an oath or affirmation before the chief or associate justice aforesaid or other person duly authorized to administer the same, that they will well and truly examine and assess as aforesaid, and having given five days’ notice to both parties of the time of their meeting, shall proceed to the spot, and then and there upon their own view and if required, upon the evidence of witnesses (to be by them sworn or affirmed and examined), shall assess the said damages, and shall afterward make report thereof and of their proceedings in writing under their hands and seals and file the same within five days thereafter in the office of the clerk of the county in which the land aforesaid is situated, subject to an appeal by either party to the county court of the said county within ten days after filing as afore- said, and the said report so made as aforesaid if no appeal as aforesaid be taken, shall be held to be final and conclusive as between the said parties, and the amount so assessed and reported shall be paid to the said owners or possessors of the land so damaged within twenty days after the filing of said report, and the said chief or associate justice as aforesaid, shall have authority to tax and allow upon the filing of said report, such costs, fees and expenses to the said freeholders for the performance of their duty as he shall think equitable and just, which allowance shall be paid by the person or persons employed under the act of congress aforesaid, within the time last above limited, but if an appeal as aforesaid be taken, the case shall be set down for hearing at the first term of county court aforesaid, ensuing upon and after appeal, and it shall be lawful for either party immediately after the entry of such appeal, to take out summons for such witnesses as may be necessary to be examined upon the hearing aforesaid, and the said court shall have power in its discretion to award costs against which ever the final judgment shall be entered, and such appeal at the option of either party may and shall be heard before and the damage assessed by a jury of twelve men to be taken from the regular panel and elected as in other cases. Sec. 3. And be it enacted, That if any person or persons shall wilfully injure or deface or remove any signal, monument or building or any appendage thereto, erected, used or constructed under and by virtue of the act of congress aforesaid, such person or persons so offending shall severally forfeit and pay the sum of fifty dollars with costs of suit to be sued for and recovered by any person who shall first prosecute the same before any justice of the peace of the county where the person so offending may reside, and shall also be liable to pay the amount of damages thereby sustained, to be recovered with costs of suit in an action on the case, in the name and for the use of the United States of America, in any court of competent jurisdiction. @ Under the rulings of the Comptroller of the Treasury no damages can be collected except through the United States Court of Claims unless an agreement has been made in advance. Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 59 _AppENDIX B.—THE HAMAN OYSTER CULTURE LAW. : [Extract from Second Report of Shell Fish Commission ] OBJECT. “The legislature in placing chapter 711 of the acts of 1906, better known as the Haman Oyster Culture Law, upon the statute books of Maryland, had a twofold object in view: 1. To encourage an industry in oyster culture upon the barren bottoms beneath the tidewaters of the State. 2. To prevent the leasing of natural oyster bars for the purpose of oyster culture.’’ SURVEY. “To make the leasing of barren bottoms possible and the leasing of natural bars impossible, pro- vision was made for a survey of the natural bars for the purpose of accurately locating and marking the same. It was definitely provided that no barren bottoms should be leased in any part of the State until the natural bars of that region had been surveyed, charted, and marked with buoys.”’ DEFINITION OF A NATURAL OYSTER Bar. NATURAL BAR NOT DEFINED. “The Shell Fish Commission is instructed by section go of the Haman Oyster Culture Law to exercise its judgment liberally in favor of the natural bars when surveying, charting and buoying them, but other than this the Commission is uninstructed in this important matter. The responsibility of defining a natural bar is placed upon the Commission.”’ DIVERSITY OF OPINION. “No definition of a natural oyster bar could be formulated by any man or body of men which would meet with the approval of all parties concerned. Oystermen, as a rule, hold that all bottoms where oysters grow or have grown naturally even though now practically barren of oysters should be considered natural bars. Other citizens of the State who are not directly interested in the oyster business, but interested in the oyster industry from the standpoint of revenue, hold, as a rule, that no bottoms should be excluded from leasing for oyster culture which, by methods known to oyster culturists, may be made to yield a greater number of oysters than they now produce.”’ “Tt should be evident to every one that neither of these definitions could be adopted by the Com- mission as a working basis for determining which of the grounds surveyed are natural oyster bars.’’ THE GOLDSBOROUGH DEFINITION. The definition of a natural oyster bar which very nearly approaches a reasonable and satisfactory compromise between the views of the subject held by oystermen on one hand and by oyster culturists on the other is that contained in an opinion rendered by Judge Charles F. Goldsborough in the circuit court for Dorchester County in the July term, 1881, in the case of William T. Windsor and George R. Todd v. Job T. Moore. This definition has been adopted by the Shell Fish Commission as the basis for the determination of the status of the various oyster bottoms surveyed and is as follows: What then is a natural bar or bed of oysters? It would be a palpable absurdity for the State to attempt to promote the propagation and growth of oysters and to encourage its citizens, by a grant of land, to: engage in their culture, if the lands authorized to be taken up were only those upon which oysters do not and can not be made to grow. That there may be lands covered by water in the State where no oysters can be found, but where, if planted, they could be cultivated successfully, may be possible, but, if so, I imagine that their extent must be too limited for them to be of much practical, general advantage for the purposes of such a law as the one under discussion; but there are thousands of acres of hard and shifting sands where oysters not only are not found, but where it would be folly to plant them, and these latter it can not be supposed that the State intended to offer to give away, for the simple reason that the State could not help knowing that nobody would have them. 60 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. Upon the other hand there are large and numerous tracts where oysters of natural growth may be found in moderate numbers, but not in quantities sufficient to make it profitable to catch them, and yet where oysters may be successfully planted and propagated. In my opinion these can not be called natural bars or beds of oysters, within the meaning of the Act of Assembly, and it is just such lands as these that the State meant to allow to be taken up under the provisions of the above-mentioned section of the Act. But there is still another class of lands where oysters grow naturally and in large quantities and to which the public are now and have been for many years in the habit of resorting with a view to earning a livelihood by catching this natural growth, and here, I think, is the true test of the whole question. Land can not be said to be a natural oyster bar or bed merely because oysters are scattered here and there upon it, and because if planted they will readily live and thrive there; but whenever the natural growth is so thick and abundant that the public resort to it for a livelihood, it is a natural oyster bar or bed and comes within the above-quoted restriction in the law, and can not be located or appropriated by any individual. APPLICATION OF DEFINITION. Before this definition may be of use in determining, accurately and scientifically, the status of an oyster ground, its central idea, “‘livelihood,’’ must be expanded into accurately determinable factors, and these factors must be combined into a practical scheme of investigating the condition of the ground under consideration. Stated briefly, a livelihood is represented by a sum of money obtained from the sale, at a fixed price, of a certain quantity of oysters gathered in a given time from an allotted area of ground. Knowing the value of each of these factors it becomes possible to calculate the number of oysters an oyster ground must produce per square yard in order that oystermen may secure a livelihood by working upon it. Note.—The factors into which the Commission resolved the livelihood problem, the valyg assigned to each factor, and the scheme devised for practical use in examining and applying the abate to oyster bottoms are given in outline in their second report under the heading of the preceding extract, and in detail in their first report on pages 32 to 69. AppENDIxX C.—SUMMARY OF THE PARTICULAR SURVEYING OPERATIONS WHICH CON- STITUTE AN “OYSTER SURVEY” AS NOW BEING CARRIED ON IN MARYLAND. “ Explanation.—A brief account of the particular surveying operations which constitute an “oyster survey’’ as now being carried on in Maryland will assist in the interpretation of records contained in the technical part of this report, and will be of interest to many who may not understand the necessity for the great amount of work being done or its complicated character. To those familiar with methods used in surveying and charting the characteristic features of large bodies of water there is an evident necessity for the various operations performed, especially when it is known that the boundaries of the public oyster bars and of the private lots leased for purposes of oyster culture must be surveyed and charted with the greatest practical accuracy. To others it will be sufficient to state that the actual experience gained from oyster surveys in other States has proven that in order to avoid endless dissatisfaction and litigation it is necessary to accurately locate and per- manently establish oyster boundaries as is now being done in Maryland. Triangulation survey.—Such refinement of survey work as that demanded by the conditions of an oyster survey when carried on at considerable distances offshore can only be obtained by the use of a system of triangulation as a framework or foundation. ‘Therefore, a triangulation survey including the permanent marking of the positions of landmarks with monuments and a record of the descriptions of their locations for future recovery is a necessary operation of a complete oyster survey. Topographic survey.—The technical records which establish the relation between the offshore oyster boundaries and triangulation landmarks are sufficient for the requirements of engineers in making resurveys, but do not supply the needs of others who are interested in the same boundaries by reason of their occupation as oystermen concerned as to the public oyster bars, or oyster culturists concerned as to the leasable bottoms. For these it is necessary to have the charts of the survey show the relation of the shore line and other topographic features to the boundaries of the public oyster bars and private oyster farms. ‘Therefore, a topographic survey is a necessary operation of a complete oyster survey Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 61 Hydrographic survey.—iIn the settlement of the important question of what is, or what is not, a natural oyster bar, and in the consideration of bottoms to be selected for purposes of oyster culture, information as to the depth of water and the character of the bottom is required. Therefore, a hydro- graphic survey is a necessary operation of a complete oyster survey. Necessary foundation for an oyster survey.—Consequently, the necessary components of a satis- factory foundation for a complete oyster survey are the three classes of survey operations technically named triangulation, topography, and hydrography, or, stated in another way, the foundation of a practical oyster survey includes the surveying operations usually followed by the Coast and Geodetic Survey leading up to the preparation and publication of nautical charts. Special surveys and investigations pertaining to oysters —Having obtained this cartographic survey for a foundation, partly by new work and partly from records of previous work of the Government, the combined operations? making up an “‘oyster survey’’ are completed by superimposing on this foundation special surveys and investigations pertaining particularly to oysters or other shell fish. The special surveys pertaining to oysters furnish information as to the location and outline of oyster- shell bottoms, and are carried on by the sounding boat party in addition to the usual hydrographic work.5 This operation consists of the observation and record of the character of vibration of a wire and chain apparatus which is dragged over the bottom, the vibrations or lack of vibrations indicating the presence and quantity of shells or absence of shells. The special oyster investigations © consist of the actual determination of the kind and quantity of oysters on the bottom, and such economic and biological studies of the supply of oyster food, density of water, character of the bottom, and other important matters as affect the growth of oysters. In this work the oyster investigation stations are located and buoyed by the hydrographic party while engaged in the survey of the oyster-shell limits. They are selected with the view of obtaining characteristic data which can be used for the interpretation of the recorded vibrations of the chain apparatus at all other points covered by the survey. Preparation of results—The actual surveying operations and oyster investigations having been completed for any one county, there still remains technical work of nearly equal magnitude to that described.@ This work consists of the preparation of charts and technical descriptions of boundaries and landmarks for publication by the Government, the preparation of that part of the annual report of the Commission covering the special oyster surveys and investigations, the making of the leasing charts and finished projections, and finally the filing of the oyster charts and records with the courts and the Commission, thus opening a county for oyster culture. Summary.—From the foregoing account it can be seen that a complete oyster survey properly conducted so as to answer all practical requirements of the present and permanency of results for the future is a very complicated affair, involving many lines of surveying and other scientific work, and requiring the professional services of experts in the various operations of cartographic surveying and shell-fish investigations. a See Appendix D of this publication for “Statistics of results of combined operations of the Govern- ment and State.” bSee pages 104 to 123 of ‘‘ First Annual Report of Maryland Shell Fish Commission.”’ ¢ See pages 30 to 67 and 129 to 199 of ‘‘ First Annual Report of Maryland Shell Fish Commission.’’ @ No mention is made here of the large amount of administrative work of the Commission, which is greatly complicated and increased by the effect of the oyster-survey operations on many thousands of people whose interests are more or less involved; or of the large amount of survey work involved in the survey and record of the boundaries of oyster lots leased from the State by private individuals for the purposes of oyster culture. 4% Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 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VP A > Borner iw 30) COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY PROGRESS MAP CHARLES COUNTY bk % Fodder QCHAR, XN s MARYLAND Ue Te To accompany report of work of United States 7 Coast and Geodetic Survey in cooperation 4 AF with the Maryland Shell Fish Commission /~ / 1910 Notes Area covered by Chart No. 19a. ia printed on this tection of Chart No.]9.and is aleo shown on uBichart oni Chart | No. 26 CHART No.26 © Landmarks Coast Survey Triangulation Stations — — — Waters contiguous to county —~———~ Waters within territorial limits of county Limits of projections on file at Washington Limits of charts published by Coast and Geodetic Survey Scale s0000 Statute Mes hi o 2 z jautical Miles t o ry 2 Kilometers ——— : 3 . Note: Area covered by Chart No.}0a ts printed on this section of Chart No. 26 O yr es Sh We yeh \ 2