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SYLLOGEUS ii

NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCES

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Don E. McAllister, Anton B. Leere, Satya P. Sharma

A BATCH PROCESS

COMPUTER INFORMATION RETRIEVAL AND CATALOGUING SYSTEM
IN THE FISH COLLECTION

NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCES

MUSEE NATIONAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES

Ain

AGADEMY OF SCIENCES

BEY

MUSEES NATIONAUX DU CANADA OTTAWA

FES 2 0 1973
ISRARY |

NATIONAL MUSEUMS OF CANADA

Syllogeus includes papers on natural sciences and closely related topics that are not imme-
diately appropriate for inclusion in other publications and are issued in either English or
French. Syllogeus appears at irregular ‘ntervals and individual issues are available from

the Library and the Director, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa, KIA OM8, Canada.

La collection Syllogeus réunit un certain nombre d'articles sur les sciences naturelles ou
sur des sujets qui leur sont apparentés, et qui sont publiés soit en francais, soit en
anglais. Les articles paraissent irréguliérement et on peut les obtenir de la bibliothèque
des Musées nationaux, ou du cabinet du Directeur du Musée des Sciences naturelles, Ottawa,

KIA OM8, Canada.

Syilogeus Series No, 1 -- (c) Crown Copyrights reserved -- The National Museums of Canada,

Ottawa, Canada, 1972 Litho in Canada

Syllogeus No. I

A BATCH PROCESS COMPUTER INFORMATION RETRIEVAL AND CATALOGUING SYSTEM
IN THE FISH COLLECTION, NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCES

Don E. McAllister
: Curator of Fishes
National Museum of Natural Sciences
Ottawa, Ontario

Anton B. Leere
Systems Concepts Group Ltd.
Ottawa, Ontario
and
Satya P. Sharma

Systems Concepts Group Ltd.
Ottawa, Ontario

National Museum of Natural Sciences Musée national des Sciences naturelles

Ottawa, Ontario

RESUME

Le FIR (Fish Information Retrieval) est un systéme de traitement par lots, de cata-
logage mécanographique et de recherche documentaire qu'utilise la Section d'Ichthyologie
du Musée national des Sciences naturelles. Il se compose d'une téléimprimante DCT-500,
d'un miniordinateur PDP-8/L 4 K et d'une dérouleuse de bande magnétique Cipher, et est relié
par téléphone à un ordinateur Univac 1108. Le PDP-8/L et la dérouleuse de bande groupent
les données provenant de la téléimprimante et celles provenant du 1108 qui en sortent.

Les données comprennent des numéros de catalogue, des données relatives à la répar-
tition géographique et à la capture des spécimens, des données écologiques et des renseigne-
ments sur les espèces elles-mêmes. Les données relatives à la capture des poissons et les
mises à jour sont enregistrées au laboratoire dans le champ convenable des feuilles champ/
entrée qui servent aussi de feuilles de données à traiter. L'introduction de données sert
a mettre à jour le fichier principal et à produire par téléimprimante les fiches du cata-
logue et les cartes matricule/index. I] est possible d'interroger le fichier principal
pour obtenir des listes de renseignements ou des données concernant tel ou tel type de
collection.

Les renseignements que contient la documentation sur les espèces peuvent s'introduire
dans le système et être récupérés en procédant comme pour la documentation sur les collec-
tions. On peut produire si on le désire des fiches-matiére et des fiches-auteurs.

Le FIR est donc un système assez complet de mémorisation de renseignements. C'est un
instrument précieux de recherche documentaire et bibliographique sur les collections de

poissons du Musée, dont il facilite grandement le catalogage.

INTRODUCTION

Museum specimens and their associated colleczion records contain a
valuable store of biological, environmental, and historical information.

If readily accessible, this information can be made available to the public
and to outside researchers as well as to inhouse researchers for taxonomic,
anatomic, life history, ecological, biogeographic, environmental, pollution,
and other studies. It is the cataloguing procedures that will largely
determine the accessibility of the information and specimens.

Cataloguing and searches for information can be done manually. When
the number of records is small and their rate of accumulation is low,
when the records are short and the number of indices is small, relative
to the amount of technical help, then manual cataloguing and simple searching
is feasible. But as the size of these factors increase relative to the amount
of technical help, then manual cataloguing and searches will be less prac-
tical. . The full value of a large or active collection and its records will
not then be obtained unless a practical alternative to manual procedures
can be found. :

One alternative is computerizing. Several generalized museum computer
information retrieval systems have been initiated--TAXIR (Estabrook and Brill,
1969), GYPSEY (Addison, 1969), SELGEM (Creighton and Crockett, 1971), and
ROM (Anonymous, 1969).

This paper discusses FIR, a specialized batching computer information
storage and retrieval system developed as a pilot project for the
Ichthyology Unit, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa. This system,
whose computer specifications were set by Michel de Tedesco, Chief of the

Information Systems Division, began capturing records in March 197e.

FIR SYSTEM

The Fish Information Retrieval (FIR) system at the National Museum
of Natural Sciences was designed under a limited annual budget. Hardware
and software are therefore not optimal. In spite of these limitations

we believe that the system offers some particularly advantageous features.

The hardware consists of a Digital Equipment of Canada PDP-8/L
minicomputer with 4 K of core interfaced with a Cipher magnetic tape unit,
a Univac DCT-500 teletype, and ASR-35 teletype and an IBM model B electric
typewriter, all located in the Ichthyology Unit. The last two devices are
not essential to FIR. The PDP-8/L system is connected by phone to a
Univac 1108 computer.

The PDP-8/L system works essentially as a batching input-output device.
Data are entered and output on the DCT-500 teletype. Input data are batched
onto a magnetic tape and sent ove» a phone line to the 1108 computer.
There, errors are detected and the data are added to the master file.

Error messages and formatted data are returned to the PDP-8/L magnetic tape
and output on the DCT-500. Queries follow the same route. The flow of
cataloguing information is portrayed tn lp, i.

The PDP-8/L programs are written in PAL III, the Univac programs
in FORTRAN V language. All PDP-8/L programs are stored on a magnetic tape
and accessed via MINI-TUS, a program which enables particular programs
to be selected and read into core. Since there is only one magnetic tape
unit, data tapes must be dismounted temporarily to permit remounting of

the program tape.

INPUT

Collection data are normally recorded on Field/Input (F/I sheets,
Fig. 2) sheets in the field. F/I sheets for donated or purchased-collections
are filled out at the Museum. In the laboratory the collections and
their sheets are assigned accession and catalogue numbers, one of the latter
per collection. The species in each collection are sorted and identified.
Each species lot is then placed in a container of alcohol tioketted with
a pressure-sensitive Hand Label (Fig. 3) bearing catalogue number,
number of specimens, the species name, the identifier, and date. This
information is then transferred to the back of the appropriate F/I sheet
with any particular data on each species lot. The species on the back
of a sheet are arranged according to a group number system and are numbered

sequentially starting with 1.

After a number of sheets have been preparéd and checked they are then
ready for input. First the CAPTOR program is read from the program tape
into the PDP-8/L core. This tape is then replaced with a data tape.
Following an initial message, the number of Catalogue sheets (Fig. 4) and
Label/Index cards (Fig. 5) required can be reset from the standard 1 and 3
respectively, if desired.

Input of a record is simple. Each field has a number. Each field number
with data is typed on the teletype followed by the data for that field and
a carriage return. In some cases the raw data is typed in, e.g., for
temperature 22A.13 might be typed in, 22A. being the field number for
temperature and 13 being the temperature in degrees Centigrade; or 6.ONT,

6. being the field number for province and ONT the accepted abbreviation for
Ontario. In other cases the data is typed in as a code. A tick in a
triangle beside a name with its code number on the F/I sheet means that the
code number would be typed in; gig, Poe field No. 17 (salinity) one of:

1. salt, .2 brackish and .3 fresh, might be ticked. If salt was ticked,
then 17.1 would be typed in.

After one field and its data are typed in, a carriage return is made.
Some fields may have no data; nothing is typed in for them; one skips to
the next field with data.

Before a carriage return has been made, characters can be erased back
as far as the beginning of the line. When all the data has been typed in
for a sheet, the operator stops and checks the typewritten copy. If an error
is noted the field number plus its data are correctly typed in; the second
typing of the line will be accepted over the first. If all the lines are
O.K. or have been corrected, an E is typed in to signify the end of the
record. One then proceeds to the next record.

When all the current batch of records are entered an E is typed in as
a new line after the last record, followed by a carriage return, a second E

and carriage return, and CTRL/G. The data tape is removed.

As the data feeds into tne computer, input lines are filled out to
or broken up into 80 character blocks. Each 80-character block is translated
into UNIVAC XS3 code and placed into a 320 character buffer. When the buf‘er
is filled, its contents are written onto the magnetic tape.

The communications program 1004SI is then loaded from the program tape,
then the data tape is remounted. Following initialization the data is
transmitted to the UNIVAC 1108, simulating a Univac 1004 terminal over

the phone line.

1108 UPDATE

The 1108 Main Update program adds new records sent from the PDP-8/L to
the 1108 master file or updates old records. The incoming records are
in catalogue number sequence. The master file is copied down to the position
of the first incoming record. New records are then added to the copy;
old records may be enlarged, corrected or deleted in whole or in part.
Copying then continues with the next old record, new record or update
until the new and update records are merged with the old records.

Update records must have the update field, 1B.1, present or they will be
ignored. Some records will have computer-detectable errors, i.e., wrong
field numbers, wrong kind of data for a field (alpha or numeric) or too
many characters. Records with these errors are put in the master file
together with a note of the presence of errors. Of course some kinds of
input errors are not detected; these should be detected by checking the
catalogue sheets and L/I cards output from the master file. Error messages
for computer-detectable errors return with and precede returning batches
of catalogue and L/I card output data. The necessary update F/I sheets
can then be prepared. A catalogue number output from a record with a
machine-detectable error is immediately followed by two asterisks.

The master file consists of variable length individual collection records
arranged in order of catalogue number. The first entry in a record indicates
the length of the record (number of words), followed by a count of the number

of fields, a list of the numbers of the fields with data and pointers to

where data is stored, a count and list of errors, if any, and finally,
the data for the variously listed fields. Data entered in coded form will

be stored in coded form; raw data as raw data. | mac’, Le à

OUT PUT
| For every properly numbered record input to. the 1108 computer, catalogue
sheet and L/I ere data are automatically prepared, detoded if necessary,
and transmitted to the PDP-8/L and recorded on its magtape. Additional
catalogue sheets and/or L/I card data from any records already in the
master file can be requested at any time using tHe CAPTOR program.

Following the toatteiianien of data to the PDP-8/L napeag 3 the program
DUMPRI is ipaded into the PDP-8/L, then the eT Me ihepiaeèé by
the data tape. Count, information and error messages are output on blank
paper on the DCT-500 teletype. €

The program DUMPUN is then loaded from the program tape and again
replaced with data tape. The catalogue sheet forms are mounted and
catalogue data is output on them. Then L/I card forms are mounted and
data is output onto them.

Catalogue sheets and L/I cards can be checked against the F/I sheets.
Errors detected by the user and the computer are corrected using the
update facility of CAPTOR and corrected catalogue sheets are ident alan
printed out following transmission to and return from the 1108 computer.

Correct catalogue sheets are burst and placed in the appropriate binders.
The L/I cards are burst and one is placed in the species index file and
two (one spare) in each specimen container.

For persons interested in data on any collections or on material that
is being lent to them, CAPTOR can be used to specify particular catalogue
sheets for printout with DUMPRI and DUMPUN from the master file.

Where there has been a publication on an existing collection, the
citation may be entered in field 47.

If it is necessary to interdigitate a collection between two adjacent

numbers, a letter or combination of up to 3 letters can be used in the

3 spaces following the catalogue number. But the letter combination VAC
is reserved for vacant collection numbers--catalogue numbers unused

in a series of used numbers.

LITERATURE MODE

The preceding discussions of input and output have concerned collection
data, that is, records associated with actual fish collections. The system
can also be used for storing and retrieving information, originating from
publications.

In this mode F/I sheets are filled out in the same manner as with
ordinary collections except the data comes solely from a publication and
the catalogue number is different.

Catalogue numbers in the literature mode must start with L. The first
publication in the file is given the catalogue number LO-0001, the second
LO-0002, and so on. A catalogue record normally represents a single
collection at one place and one time. So if a publication contains more
than one collection, the data obviously cannot be recorded on one F/I sheet.
In that case the one number is used for the publication, but for each col-
lectioa reported, a unique letter or combination of letters is added in the
3 letter spaces following the catalogue en e.g., LO-0012A, LO-0012B....
LO-00127, LO-0012AA, LO-0012AB, etc. Up to 17,575 stations could thus
be included for one publication. It is unlikely that more than two letters
need be used. The letter combination VAC is as before reserved for
vacant catalogue numbers in a series of used catalogue numbers.

Subjects can be entered in the field used for genus by using the group
number 99. Author and subject cards can then be automatically output

when continuous blank 3 x 5 card forms are mounted.

QUERIES
Using the PDP-8/L RTRIVR program, the 1108 master file can be queried
and answers can be output. Queries are input and output on the teletype

and follow the same batching procedure as cataloguing--translation by

the PDP-8/L and batching onto tape, and transmission over the phone line
to the 1108 where they are used to search the master file. The prepared

replies follow the same route in reverse.

Ignoring punctuation, queries consist of:
1. The command REQUEST;

2. The request title which gives a distinguishing name to each request
which can paraphrase what is being sought;

3. The specification formula which uses the deliminators AND, OR, NOT,
=, <, >, MAX (biggest), MIN (smallest) to specify or define the kind
of record which is being searched for;

4, The command OUTPUT followed by the field numbers whose content you
wish listed from the specified records, or by the command CP which
will count the number of records with the specifications you have
indicated;

5. END is placed after the last (or only) query to signify that pe are
no further queries.

Some examples will clarify the above statements.

1) Query: REQUEST, WINTER COLLECTIONS ONTARIO;
6=ONT, AND, 12=DEC, OR, 12=JAN, OR 12=FEB;
OUTPUT; 1A; 8A;
END;

Answer: WINTER COLLECTIONS ONTARIO
(NMC) 61-34 LAKE ONTARIO
(NMC) 58-21 OTTAWA RIVER
etc.

2) Query: REQUEST, COUNT NO. COLLECTIONS PERCA FLAVESCENS IN NWT;
6=NWT, AND, 2.2A=PERCA, AND, 2.2B=FLAVESCENS;
‘CULEUTE CPs
END;

Answer: COUNT NO. COLLECTIONS PERCA FLAVESCENS IN NWT;
5 (collections)

3) Query: REQUEST, NORTHERNMOST COTTUS COGNATUS CANADA;
5=C, AND, 2.2A=COTTUS, AND, 2.2B=COGNATUS, AND,
9A=MAX; |
OUTPUT; 1A; 8A; 9A; 9B;

END;

Answer: NORTHERNMOST COTTUS COGNATUS CANADA;
(NMC) 61-85 GREAT BEAR LAKE 68 N 121 ow

4) Query: REQUEST, SPAWNING TEMPERATURE & DATE ONTARIO
ETHEOSTOMA NIGRUM;
6=ONT, AND, 2.2A=ETHEOSTOMA, AND, 2.2B=NIGRUM,
AND, 2.6=20;
OUTEUT: Las. 222%
END;

Answer: SPAWNING TEMPERATURE AND DATE ONTARIO ETHEOSTOMA NIGRUM;
29 MAY 1947 18
3 JUN 1962 13

These examples give a general idea of the type of question that can be
asked. All fields except 8B. Locality Description, 46. Additional Data,
47C. Citation and 2.9 Additional Notes on a Species, can be specified.

All fields can be output. Much more complicated specifications can be made
than were given in the examples--Records of Stisostedion vitreum from north
of 50 N.L. in clear and colourless, fast-running water over gravel bottoms,

in the Arctic drainage, in the month of June.

There exist in addition some specialized commands:

CS Count of the number of species in the master file, with or without
specifications;

LA Alphabetical list of taxons in the master file, with or without
specifications. Useful for detecting spelling errors in names or
in finding what species are available.

SUM Sum of number of specimens in the master file (with or without
specifications);

CO A list of other species found in the same collection as specified
species with frequency of occurrence. With this command ecological
associates of a species can be found.

Subjects of publications entered under group number 99 can be specified

or output just as can be done for data in other fields.

DISCUSSION

FIR has several general advantages, shared with most computer cataloguing
systems, over manual cataloguing and retrieval.

In manual systems each catalogue sheet, label and file card or
duplicate is dade out by hand. In computer systems, typing the data record
in once on the teletype will automatically produce catalogue sheets,
label/index cards, or duplicates when desired, and stores the data for
queries.

Where queries are simple and/or the number of records is low, retrieval
is easy with either system. But as queries become more complex (search
qualifications are more numerous) and the number of records rises, computer

retrieval becomes more attractive. If the mapping potential of the computer

10

is tapped by providing co-ordinate data for a plotter, then the
time-consuming task of plotting hundreds of record localities can be
discarded. i

The error rate in recording deta in computer systems is probably

about equal to that in manual systems. Most computer systems are programmed

to detect certain kinds of errors. If one desires a quite strick error
detection system then, funds being available, an appropriate program
could be written for the computer. FIR has a trenchant transmission
parity error detection system; aside from this, only excessive data length
and type of data (alpha or numeric), and catalogue number duplication

is automatically checked. However one visual check is made of the copy
produced by the inputting on the teletype, and a comparison of the output
copy and the source document is usually made.

Compared to handwritten (but not typed) catalogue sheets and labels,
the legibility of computer-printed sheets and labels is higher. More
complete file cards and labels can be output with less work.

Computer systems also have disadvantages over manual systems. One is
less free to change fields and formats in a computer system. One usually
has to change programs and computer files as well as forms in a computer
system. In a manual system one would only have to change the forms.

Manual systems have little to go wrong with them. Any one of the

essential links in the computer system may fail. But even if the computer

does "blow", one still has two catalogues--the input sheets and the output

catalogue sheets, as well as the index files. So one is no worse off
while the computer system is done. Three recent duplicates of the master
file of FIR are always kept, one in a different building. If something
happens to the current master file, one only has to update a recent

duplicate.

Although computer systems can handle upper and lower case, most don't.

Computerizing requires a considerable investment in time and money,

although once the backlog is in, the running costs are quite moderate.

ai

The computer system will help extract the maximum value from museum
records and make it easier to produce catalogue sheets, labels and file
cards.

FIR has useful features not found in some cataloguing retrieval systems.
Data is input and output in the Ichthyological Unit facilitating the flow
of information in and out of the system.

Field/Input sheets enable the collector to make decisions on classif-
ication of ecological factors. The form reminds the collector which data
to record and makes data easier to record--the field names and units
are preprinted; some data have only to be ticked.

Species data are added to the same sheet in the lab and after checking
the sheet, it then serves its second function as an input worksheet.
Afterwards it can serve as a spare catalogue sheet. The F/I sheet precodes
data for input. This avoids the necessity and the chance of error
involved in looking up codes in code books. Using the code on the master
file saves storage space and search time. Some decoding of replies to
queries is, of course, needed.

Input is operator driven. The operator neither has to type in field
names when there is no data for them, nor does she have to wait while
the computer prints out field names and then indicate that some are empty.
When fields do have data,she types in only the field number (not its name)
followed by its data, then jumps to the next field which has data. This
interactive procedure makes the best use of operator and Sompaver, tamed

The species names from a collection are stored with the collection data
in the file. The collection data is not replicated for the one or several
species sharing identical collection data. This saves space in the master
file, speeds searches and requires less manipulation of data for output of
catalogue sheets.

Documents (catalogue sheets and L/I cards) originate from the master

file, not from the input process as in some systems. Parity checks reduce

Le

return line transmission as a source of error in the output documents.
Checking the documents for errors is therefore a check on the actual
contents of the master file.

Because the PDP-8/L is essentially a batching I/0 device, there is
no iMMÉdi te computer Getection of errors as would be the case with a
time-sharing system. With only one tape drive on the PDP-8/L, program tapes
and data tapes must be switched back and forth during input and output.
In formulating queries, field number and attribute code numbers must be
used rather than their names. However the codes and names are listed
together on the F/I sheets, so that with a F/I sheet in front of one

it is not too difficult to formulate a query.

SUMMARY

FIR (Fish Information Retrieval) is a working batch process computer
cataloguing and retrieval system in the Ichthyology Unit, National Museum
of Natural Sciences. It consists of a DCT-500 teletype, a PDP-8/L UK
minicomputer with a Cipher magnetic tape unit connected over a phone to
a Univac 1108 computer. The PDP-8/L and magtape batches data accepting
input. from the teletype and eee data from the 1108 which is output
on the teletype.

Data includes catalogue numbers, distribution, ecological and
collection data as well as species data. Collection data and updates
are recorded in the field and in the lab on Field/Input sheets. These sheets
also serve as input worksheets. Input of data results in updating the
master file and output of catalogue sheets and Label/Index cards on the
teletype. Queries can be made of the master file, resulting in lists or
counts from specified types of collections.

Information from the literature on species can be input into the system
and querried similarly to collection records. Subject and author cards

can be output if desired.

15

FIR thus offers a reasonably complete ichthyological collection and
literature information storage and retrieval system, as well as a

cataloguing tool.

REFERENCES

sce: oo C.H. (1969). "What is GYPSEY?" Univ. Oklahoma Computing Center.
pp:

Anonymous (1969). "Specifications for an information storage and retrieval
system and X, Y co-ordinate digitizer for the Royal Ontario Museum".
Ruscom Logics Ltd., Weston, Ontario. 30 pp.

Creighton, R.A. and Crockett, J.J. (1971). "SELGEM: A system for
collection management". Smithson. Information Syeteme 2(3):1-24 + 1-3,

Estabrook, G.F. and Brill, R.C. (1969). "The theory of the TAXIR
accessioner". Math. Biose. 5:327-340.

14

CATALOGUING
PROCEDURE

ICTHYOLOGY COLLECTION

National Museum of Natural Sciences
National Museums of Canada
OTTAWA

collection data completed
on F/| sheet

transfer to alcohol

species names J
SORTING AND
IDENTIFICATION

bottles to
shelves

labels to bottles

FA sheets-

Donated or
purchased
collection

catalogue no. given

hand labels

to back of
F/1 sheet

collection

data input Main Computer — Master File

one fi card
to species
index file

catalogue sheets
and L/l cards
output and
checked. Errors
detected by
computer or
people

corrections recycled OR correct catalogue sheets to catalogue binders ls
oh f spt

COMPUTER

Fig. 1.

15

FIELD/INPUT SHEET ICHTHYOLOGY COLLECTION, NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCES,
SIDE _1. COLLECTION DATA

A.

NATIONAL MUSEUMS OF CANADA, OTTAWA, CANADA
COLLECTION NUMBERS RAUF. Ace. /\ mc [719 lobIels1 | | | |

18. CATALOG NUMBER 1C. LETTER
2. ACCESSION NO: 3. STATION/FIELO NO: 4. CRUISE/OLD CATALOG NO:

i UPDATE AS 1 DELETE a Cat Sheets [] | |

& L/1 CARDS
GEOGRAPHICAL DATA i

S COUNTRY: — 8 ht... — = eee ee 6. PROVINCE: Be
(32) (STATE) (30)

8. 1OCAUTY. - 101 DING = CREEK

(136) . WATER BODY 8B. LOCALITY DESCRIPTION |

sum “ BaLige ool" Vaal g2ia0 b oP 2 fii

LOCATION
A ACCURACY: # 1 < 10.XM x 2< 2m /\ 3<40xm A 4 <200Km /\ 5 > 200 KM AN Oe GACeRTain A
CHECKING
ANT- INTERNAL
[e | . DRAINAGE 1 PACIFIC A 2 ATLANTIC A 3 ARCTIC à 4 INDIAN A s arcic AV 6 (DRAINAGE
ia es CANADA & US HUDSON GULF OF
NUMBERS DRAINAGE ONLY —* 7 BAY A 8 MEXICO
or
LETTERS c TE MPO!
; = 14A. 148.
s canon sg GIelob) le sls
KM V2. DATE: Hie Riu G| 1? A STARTED: JO PUR HOURS
crossout a DAY 128. MONTH C. YEAR 12D. APPROX (MILITARY HOURS)
srrivins | D. ECOLOGICAL DATA
15. WATER TYPE (TICK |; 33) SALT MARINE . OPEN
MARINE i TIDE Poot Z\ 2 LAGOON apay /\ «reer A stra À 6 COAST A 7 OCEANIC A
SALT MARSH SALT SWAMP BRACKISH BRACKISH
BRACKISH estuary /\ ocrpeetessy /\ 10 (WITH TREES) 1 LAGOON 12 SALT LAKE A 13 SPRING
RUNNING FRESH STREAM/ RIVER-LAKE FLOODED
FRESH 14 SPRING /\ 15 CAVE /\ 16 canal /\ arriver AX 18 JUNCTION 19 AREA /\
smu FRESH MARSH SWAMP
FRESH 20 Poot /\ a pono À 22 LAKE A aa (TREELESS) /\ .24 (with trees) /\ 25 RESERVOIR A
et Lt | tre ou TT TL IE MIT LILI ]
17A. SALINITY (TICK 1) ; 178. SALINITY eae] ET
QUALITATIVE: 1 SALT 2 BRACKISH A 3 FRESH x &/OR QUANTITATIVE: . I
188. TIDE ZONE:
18A. TIDE ZONE (TICK 1): a net | M
(QUALITATIVE) 1 SPLASH anon À 3 mo À atow /\ ssusrmar /\ 8/08 (QUANTITATIVE) 2
20. SECCHI pete
ie 19. WAVE EXPOSURE SEMI | |
=a _ (TICK 1) .1 PROTECTED .2 PROTECTED A 3 EXPOSED A 4 SURF A DISK READING: A
® &
= 21. WATER QUALITY CLEAR &
ove MER 1-2. 30) 1 COLOMESS /\, 2 BROWN-TINGED 3 ciouoy /\ amuooy /\ spouuren /\ 6 ommER
a oe
Ei] man Bodo: 2 ee CLIC) eae CLD * 10
ooo TEMPERATURE: CT AN souD: PPM GEN: MUL
#35 26. STREAM/LAKE/ 28A, DISTANCE oe DEPTH * 29C. DEPTH reg
29 POOL WIDTH: ol! OFFSHORE: MIN WATER: MIN CAPTURE, MIN
“wz 27 LAKE/POOL Oe aba 290U .
© LENGTH: 288. MAX 298. MAX 29D. MAX 510.) sw
JOA. METRES iL 308. WIRE ue 0 à Ci 31A. CURRENT (TICK 1-2) &/OR i | a
a WIRE OUT ES [Te ANGLE: QUALITATIVE, 1 STILL XY 2stow /\ 3 me es a Fast /\ quanr:L_ |.
gz M/SEC
Vets 32. PLANT TYPE
Nas (TICK 1-3) 1 ENCRUSTING es 2 rouose /\ à suBMeERGENT Pa 4 FLOATING A .5 EMERGENT A
x 3 =” SHORE SHORE x SHORE BARREN 33. PLANT/CORAL KIND
mao 6 FORESTED 7 BUSHY 8 OR GRASSY (NAME 1-2 MAIN KINDS):
reIw
Bee 34. PLANT AMOUNT (TICK 1): a none AX” 2 some /\ amoverate /\ 4 MUCH A
aust
oe BOTTOM
35. (nick 1-2, 25. 1 eeorock /\ 2e0uoers /\ 3 stones /\ acraver XX sreeses /\ 6 san /\ 7 mun À
LOGS,
aciay À 9 verritus /\ 10 corAt /\ or swe À 12 BRANCHES IN Te ==="
VER
UE. 1 NONE /\ 2some AX 3 moverare /\ a much /\ s
ICE EXTENT
7. eRe 1 NONE Â 2some /\ 3 MODERATE /\ a MUCH /\ 38. WEATHER (25): UNNY.--E
CAPTURE DATA
39A. GEAR BOTTOM BOTTOM MIDWATER PLANKTON
(TICK 1-2; 37) 1 SEINE -2 GILL NET A 3 TRAWL 4 DREDGE 5 TRAWL Fa 6 NET
NEUSTON PURSE BAITED HOOK LURE & MINNOW LARGE
7 NET A BIDE SET 9 SEINE A 10 & LINE 11 LINE 12 TRAP 13 TRAP

F

NIGHT SLURP
A 16 SPEAR

A ANAES- ELECTRO- A

14 LIGHT 15 GUN 17 POISON 18 THETIC 19 FISHING -20 HAND
CLOSING NON-

21 DIVING A PO OTHERS. tg es ee I oS 39B. (TICK 1): 1 CLOSING 2 CLOSING A

40. SIZE OF NET OR OF MOUTH 41. NET MESH SIZE, A. SMALLEST 6 42A. over eta (a)
OF TRAWL/PLANKTON NET ee Lo). STRETCHED: o MM KNOTS

8. LENGTH 8. LARGEST

428. DISTANCE ae a "a 43: SELECTIVITY OF SAMPLE: SAMPLE 44. VESSEL SSF L'ETAT
HAULED | (TICK 1) 1 AU KEPT | > Stecten NAME.

>

te. LI MEIMNUIELT TT TL LT ] one. omer-D. -DE PLE EDGE a ME eee

(INITIALS) (SURNAME) (COLLECTORS OR INSTITUTION)

| A
4 pi BAR ATER eme ee

Fig. 2 (a) Front of Field/Input sheet, used for cote data in the field

16

and lab and as a worksheet from which to enter data into
the computer.

[161 Hav

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De ET. À à ae == = us ar,

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en ER ee ere Je Are

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Snivis LOIR Aes pale oe . = a ky ae ae saved $3) eueant SDS eo [ON
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| + à | TORRES | xrle te 4 Sr dr SU. plan id, cime + À 2 D2. 7200Vou ~~~" sry FLOODS we

Back of Field/Input sheet.

2 (b)

Fig.

17

AE RAG IE LEME secession
iwenTiFIER DE... MCA AM STER, vate JUNE... VIR

Ichthyology Collection

H AND LABEL National Museum of Natural Sciences

Ottawa, Canada August 1970

SPECIES Catostonus..... CArunersoRi eth
soa BCE LEIBA ES, SPEER ccseviscsvineieneies
ieNTIFIER DE... NCALMATER. cate JUNE... IQ TR

i
HAND LABEL] ro forum of rete Scene
CAE

species (AUESILLS ne plumteus Bn ctrisodbatiehawahiciee

ale BCE LA UM GAN ACE FMS 3 Eo id

IDENTIFIER DE. MCLAISTER... oaTEOWNE..... IVT...
Ichthyology Collection

H AND LABEL National Museum of Naturel Sciences

Ottawe, Canada August 1970

Fig. 3. Hand Label for recording
identifications on containers

while full computer labels
are being processed.

CATALOG SHEET

ACCESSION a
2N0 72136

6. PROVINCE: BC

STATION/FIELO NO

WM7162

8 tocaury, HIDING CREEK

ICHTHYOLOGY COLLECTION, NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCES
NATIONAL MUSEUMS OF CANADA, OTTAWA, CANADA

1. CATAIOG NUMBER: NM | 072-0088
4. CRUISE/OLD CATALOG NO: 5. COUNTRY:
CANADA
7,county: PEACE RIVER

9. LATITUDE-LONGITUDE. 549 58"O00"N X 120° 07°00"W

9E. ALTITUDE:

12. oat: L1 AUG 1

15. water TYPE S TREAM/RIVER
17, saunity. FRESH

SECCHI DISK
20. READING:

23 pH:

27. LAKE/POOL LENGTH:

29. oepTH oF water. OÙ
WIRE

308. ANGLE:

3s. 8orrom GRAVEL
38. WEATHER: SUNNY

424. SPEED HAULED:
44 VESSEL:
46. ADDITIONAL DATA:

M 10. LOCATION ACCURACY: SE 10 KM 11, OCEAN/DRAINAGEAR CT IC
971 13. COLLECTION starteon: 1600 HOURS. 14, DURATION: 0 () « SHOURS
16. HABITAT:
WAVE
Ye 18. TIDE ZONE: 19. EXPOSURE:
M 2). water Quauty, CLEAR & BROWN-TINGED 22. 1eme 23e 50°c
DISSOLVED
24. SOLIDS: ppm 25. OXYGEN: mut 26. STREAM/LAKE/POOL wioTH:00 10. (M
28. DISTANCE OFFSHORE, O()0 3M
50CM PSprure. ODOOOCM = O0050CM 20 mine our:
3). current. STILL M/SEC. 92. Hiro SHORE BUSHY
PLANT \ PLANT
33. CORAL KIND: | 1 38. AM, NONE
36. cover. SOME a7. extent. NONE
: 39. Gear: SE INE
40. OF MOUTH OF TRAWL/PLANKTON ner, 02.0M X OS.0m arstrercn” 006 TO MM
KNOTS 428. DISTANCE HAULEO: (01) (OM 43. SELECTIVITY:
«5. couecror. W MENNIE» D DE PLEDGE
BACKWATER

C21 CATOSTOMUS CATOSTOMUS (5)

SMALL

JAR

C21 CATOSTOMUS COMMERSONI (2)

SMALL

JAR

C22 COUESIUS PLUMBEUS (22)

SMALL

JAR

C22 RHINICHTHYS CATARACTAE (4)
SMALL JAR

C22 SEMOTILUS MARGARITA (AA)
SMALL JAR

rig. 4.

Catalogue

sheet output by the computer.

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A Label/Index card, copies of which are placed in specimen

containers and a species index card file.

5.

Fig.
20