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David J. White and Karen L. Johnson

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SYLLOGEUS

NATIONAL MUSEUMS OF CANADA OTTAWA NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCES

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SYLLOGEUS is a publication of the National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada, designed to permit the rapid
dissemination of information pertaining to those disciplines and educational functions for which the National Museum of Natural Sciences is
responsible. In the interests of making information available quickly, normal publishing procedures have been abbreviated.
Articles are published in English, in French, or in both languages, and the issues appear at irregular intervals. A complete list of the titles issued
since the beginning of the series (1972) and individual copies of this number are available by mail from the National Museum of Natural Sciences,
Ottawa, Canada. K1A OMB.
Previous titles in the Rare Plants series:

No. 14 Argus, George W., and David J. White (1977)
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF ONTARIO/LES PLANTES VASCULAIRES RARES DE L'ONTARIO

No. 17 Argus, George W., and David J. White (1978)
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF ALBERTA/LES PLANTES VASCULAIRES RARES DE L'ALBERTA

No. 18 Maher, Robert V., David J. White, George W. Argus, and Paul A. Keddy (1978)
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF NOVA SCOTIA/LES PLANTES VASCULAIRES RARES DE LA NOUVELLE-ECOSSE

No. 20 Maher, Robert V., George W. Argus, Vernon L. Harms, and John H. Hudson (1979)
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF SASKATCHEWAN/LES PLANTES VASCULAIRES RARES DE LA SASKATCHEWAN

Syllogeus series No. 27

(c) National Museums of Canada 1980
Photo: Karen L. Johnson

Printed in Canada

ISSN 0704-576X

THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS
OF MANITOBA

David J. White

Botany Division
National Museum of Natural Sciences
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A OM8

and

Karen L. Johnson

Natural History Division
Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature
Winnipeg, Manitoba
R3B ON2

March 1980

ADDITIONS, DELETIONS, COMMENTS AND CORRECTIONS

Please send information to:

The Rare and Endangered Plants Project

Botany Division
National Museum of Natural Sciences
Ottawa, Ontario

KIA OM8

We would appreciate as complete documenta-
tion as possible on additions or deletions.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

4 Preface
5 Introduction
A. Definitions 5
Preparation of the List 5
Criteria 6
Format of the List 6
The Distribution Patterns of Rare Plants in Manitoba 8
Rare Canadian Plants in the Manitoba Flora 10
The Protection of Rare Plants in Manitoba 11
Al. Acknowledgements 13
15 List of the Rare Vascular Plants of Manitoba
41 References Cited
47 Appendices
I. Excluded Species 47
I. The Rare Vascular Plants of Manitoba in Taxonomic Sequence 50
Maps

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PREFACE

As part of a study of the rare and endangered vascular plants of Canada, the National
Museum of Natural Sciences has been publishing lists of the rare plants for each of the
provinces and territories. Since 1977 lists have been published for Alberta, Manitoba,
Nova Scotia, Ontario and Saskatchewan. Lists for the Yukon, New Brunswick and
Quebec are in preparation in cooperation with provincial botanists, and a list for British
Columbia is being written by a committee of botanists in that province. A list has also
been published for the continental Northwest Territories (Cody 1979).

Our purpose is to assemble annotated lists of rare and endangered vascular plants for
each of the provinces and territories in the hope that this information will be of use to
persons involved with the conservation of natural areas and particularly with the
protection of the habitats of rare and endangered plants. We are assembling the best
information available to us, but we are aware that much of our information is incomplete
and that considerable field work needs to be done before definitive lists can be realized.

As a list stimulates interest in rare and endangered plants and as new information
accumulates, revisions will be made as our resources permit. The Ontario list (Argus &
White 1977) is already in the process of being revised in the form of an atlas of maps
showing the historical distribution of the rare species based on verified herbarium
specimens.

As time permits we plan to conduct field studies of particular species. For example,
work will be undertaken in 1980 to assess the population size, status and habitat
requirements of Panax quinquefolius L., American ginseng, in Canada. The export of this
plant is controlled by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. At
present, little information is available on Canadian populations which would allow the
intelligent management of this economically important species. To provide this kind of
detailed information for the many species that are rare in some part of Canada will
require extensive field work which can only be done by dedicated local botanists and
naturalists.

In articulating our future plans, we recognize that rare vascular plants are only one
element in the biological diversity of Canada. An effective conservation policy will require
the assembling of equivalent information for other organisms. The magnitude of the task
and its role in the establishment of nature reserves can perhaps best be judged from the
experience in Great Britain. In a recent review of the British nature reserve system,
Ratcliffe (1977) has described the high quality of information essential to the
management of a network of reserves representative of the biological diversity of that
country. The prospect of applying a similar model to Canada with its unique political,
demographic and biogeographic character offers us all a thought-provoking perspective.

The Rare and Endangered Plants Project

INTRODUCTION

Rare plants represent a small but important part
of the flora of Manitoba. Because rare plants, by
definition, occur in small populations or at scattered
localities and because they are often confined to
unique and localized habitats, they are very suscep-
tible to the effects of environmental change. The
primary causes of such change are human activities,
such as land clearing, wetland drainage, overgrazing,
industrial and agricultural pollution, hydro projects
and recreational overuse. No one ever intentionally
sets out to destroy a species or a habitat - the
ploughing of the prairies was not done to eliminate
the grassland but rather to make use of a great
agricultural resource; but these activities have had
the effect of making some previously common
species rare by greatly reducing their habitats. We
are only beginning to appreciate the impact that the
loss of species can have on our well-being and on
that of our descendants and we are urgently seeking
some way to monitor the changes that are taking
place. It is possible that rare plants could serve as
part of an early-warning system, indicating by their
decline in numbers when we are approaching the
threshold between responsible and irresponsible
land-husbandry. It is the purpose of this list to make
available information on some plants which, because
of their rarity, could be used in such an early-warning
system.

A. Definitions

The word plant or species is used in the text to
indicate collectively all the individuals referable to a
plant name.

A rare plant is one that has a small population
within the province or state. It may be restricted to a
small geographical area or it may occur sparsely
over a wider area. In Manitoba, the two types of
distribution are illustrated by the maps of Astragalus
neglectus and Carex lividarespectively.

A threatened plant is one that is likely to become
endangered within the foreseeable future over all or
a significant portion of its range in the province or
state.

An endangered plant is one in danger of extirpa-
tion throughout all or a significant portion of its
range in the province or state.

Questions are often raised concerning rare plants
that are peripheral species, i.e. species whose main
range lies outside the province. Such species are
rare only with respect to their occurrence in the
province and they may be either rare or widespread

elsewhere. There are numerous examples of periph-
eral species on the Manitoba list: a number of arctic
plants reach their southern limit along the Hudson
Bay coast, such as Armeria maritima ssp. labra-
dorica and Carex bicolor; many eastern deciduous
forest species extend into southeastern Manitoba,
such as Panicum linearifolium and Pinus strobus;
many western species reach their eastern limit in
western Manitoba, such as /mpatiens noli-tangere,
Muhlenbergia andina and Poa cusickii; and many
Great Plains species reach their northern limits in
southern Manitoba, as for example Agalinis aspera
and Buchloe dactyloides.

Some people advocate the removal of peripheral
species from rare plant lists, arguing that the rarity
of these plants is an artifact of the relationship
between political and natural boundaries. They
believe that it is unnecessary to be concerned about
the welfare of a species which has its main range
outside of a particular political unit. We hold the
opposite point of view which emphasises the respon-
sibility of the public and governments for maintain-
ing the existing biological diversity within their own
political boundaries. There is widespread agreement
on the principles that biological diversity is a desir-
able attribute of a healthy environment and that
plants at the edge of a species’ range have unique
genetic characteristics which make them important.
In addition, with the availability of new information,
some peripheral species are proving to be rare or
endangered in the area of their main range and their
marginal populations may represent important
remnants of these once widespread plants.

B. Preparation of the List

In 1975, George Argus and David White compiled
from the literature a preliminary list of rare plants of
Manitoba. This list was circulated to botanists in the
province and to taxonomists with knowledge of
particular families. Comments on the preliminary list
and experience gained from the production of the
Alberta, Nova Scotia, Ontario and Saskatchewan
lists were used in preparing the present list.

As the preliminary list was refined, it became
necessary to check and record label data on
voucher specimens in the Ontario and Manitoba
herbaria. At that time we began to make use of the
distribution map file kept by the University of
Manitoba and the Manitoba Museum of Man and
Nature. By adding data to these maps from speci-
mens in other herbaria we were able to produce the
maps included here. The user should be cautioned,

however, that it was not possible for us to reidentify
every specimen; rather we checked specimens for
obvious errors. It is hoped that these maps will
encourage the submission of new distribution re-
cords, the confirmation of the continued occurrence
of plants at historical collection localities and the
reporting of errors and oversights.

C. Criteria

It is perhaps useful at this point to examine our
criteria for selecting species to be included on the
list. While botanical exploration has been going on in
the province for over a hundred years, including two
major periods of field work, one by Scoggan in the
early 1950's for the Flora of Manitoba (Scoggan
1957) and the other by Boivin in the late 1950's for
the Flora of the Prairie Provinces (Boivin 1967-79),
much remains to be done. Large areas of the
province have never been explored botanically, the
continued existence of plants at historical collection
localities needs to be monitored and many species
require taxonomic study before their status in the
province can be understood. For these reasons our
decisions to include or exclude a plant are subjective

DATA FIELDS

1) Scientific name with authority

2) Synonomy.

3) REFERENCE: Voucher specimens and
literature references.

4) RANGE: North American range.

5) MANITOBA: Distribution within the
province.

6) MAP: References to published maps.

7) HABITAT: Habitat description.

8) STATUS: Rare and endangered
status of the species elsewhere in
North America.

9) NOTE: Additional comments.

Field 1

The names used neither follow any one authority
nor necessarily imply our acceptance of one tax-
onomic opinion over another. In some cases the
name used is the one that was used in the original
reference, or a name that is in common use. In
arriving at appropriate names we referred to floras
published by Boivin (1967 and 1967-79), Fernald

and the distinction between included and excluded
plants is sometimes debatable.

Information on widespread rare plants is scanty
and some of those species that we have included
may simply be inconspicuous and therefore easily
overlooked. Others may have been omitted because
their geographical range appeared to be large when
in reality they were locally very rare. Some species
with a very restricted range may have a large
population at that locality, for example some of the
plants at Churchill. We have included them because
we feel that species having a limited range are at
risk, regardless of population size. Undoubtedly
there will be some differences of opinion about some
plants that have been listed or not and for this
reason we have provided the data on which we
based our decisions. Because of these problems any
list of rare plants will be provisional and will need
revision as new data become available.

D. Format of the List

The plants are listed alphabetically by their scien-
tific names. We have included all native plants rare in
Manitoba excluding forms and hybrids. Each entry in
the list may have nine data fields:

EXAMPLE

Astragalus lotiflorus Hook.

CAN, DAO; Boivin 1967-79.

BC-swMan: Mont-Tex-Mo-Minn.
Treesbank.

Barneby 1964, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cUS, Welsh 1960 US.

Dry slopes and prairies.

Rare in Alberta, lowa, Minnesota and
Missouri.

This plant has not been collected in
the province since 1930.

(1950), Gleason (1952), Hitchcock et al. (1955-69),
Hultén (1968) and Scoggan (1978-79) and the work
of monographers. We decided not to provide com-
mon names because of their inconsistent application
and translation problems.

Field 2

Synonyms have been provided only if they are
used by a cited reference.

Field 3

The official acronyms of herbaria containing sup-
porting specimens are given in this field (Holmgren &
Keuken 1974). They include herbaria at the National
Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa (CAN); the
Department of Agriculture, Ottawa (DAO); Harvard
University, Cambridge (GH); the Manitoba Museum
of Man and Nature, Winnipeg (MMMN); Queens
University, Kingston (QK); The University of Winni-
peg (UWPG); the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg
(WIN); and the Whiteshell Nuclear Research Estab-
lishment, Pinawa (WNRE). Herbaria which lack
official acronyms have been assigned acronyms as
follows: Riding Mountain National Park (RMNP); J.C.
Ritchie, Scarborough College, Toronto (JCR); and
R.M. Hardy and Associates Ltd., Calgary (HALC).

The literature cited in this field may either support
our judgement of the plant’s rarity in Manitoba or
provide additional information on the plant in the
province. The reader is directed to two other works
on the plants of the province: the Flora of Manitoba
(Scoggan 1957) and The Flora of Canada (Scoggan
1978-79). These works were not referenced in order
to avoid repetitiously citing them for most species.
In using these publications, however, one should
refer to our Appendix | which discounts a number of
the records found in them.

Field 4

The primary sources of information on the Cana-
dian range are Boivin (1967) and Scoggan (1978-79)
and, for the United States, Fernald (1950) and
Hitchcock et al. (1955-69). These sources have
been supplemented by comparing them with distri-
bution maps in Hultén (1968), Porsild (1964), Raup
(1947) and other floras, atlases and monographs.
The North American range is given in two parts
seprarted by a semicolon. The range for Canada and
Alaska precedes the range in the contiguous United
States. The Canadian and Alaskan range is ex-
pressed in terms of province and state in two tiers
across the region, roughly from west to east. The
first tier is from Alaska to the Northwest Territories
(Alas-YT-NWT) and the second is from British Colum-
bia to Labrador (BC-Alta-Sask-Man-Ont-Que-NB-PEI-
NS-Nfld-Lab). A hyphen indicates a continuous
distribution and a comma indicates a discontinuous
distribution. The exception to this rule is the Alaska-
Northwest Territories tier which is always followed
by a comma to indicate the end of the tier. The
range in the contiguous United States is described
by a list of states or geographic regions southward,
relative to the Canadian range, and generally coun-
ter-clockwise from the northwest. Once again a

comma is used to indicate a discontinuity in the
distribution.

Field 5

The distribution within the province gives the
known provincial localities of the species or circum-
scribes the range as shown on the distribution map.

Field 6

References are given in this field to published
distribution maps. Most of the map references were
obtained from the indices edited by H. Tralau (1969-
74), and Phillips & Stuckey (1976). If a map covers
only a portion of the species’ total North American
range this is indicated after the reference, for
example Porsild 1964 Can, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cUS.

Field 7

The brief habitat descriptions have been taken
from herbarium records and publications by Boivin
(1967-79) and Scoggan (1978-79).

Field 8

Comments are included on the rare, threatened,
endangered or extirpated status of the plant in other
provinces and in the United States. The status of the
species in Canada is based on published lists for
Alberta (Argus & White 1978), the continental
Northwest Territories (Cody 1979), Nova Scotia
(Maher et al. 1978), Ontario (Argus & White 1977),
Saskatchewan (Maher et al. 1979) and the Yukon
Territory (in preparation).

The status of the plant in the United States is
based on the compendium of state and federal lists
compiled by Kartesz & Kartesz (1977), and Ayensu &
DeFilipps (1978) supplemented by additional or
more recent literature for the following states:
Alabama (Thomas 1976), Colorado (Weber & John-
son 1976), Connecticut (Dowhan & Craig 1976;
Mehrhoff 1978), Kansas (McGregor 1977), Maine
(Eastman 1978), Massachusetts (Coddington &
Field 1978), New Hampshire (Storks & Crow 1978),
New York (Mitchell 1979; Zander 1976), North
Carolina (Cooper et al. 1977), Ohio (Stuckey &
Roberts 1977), Rhode Island (Church & Chaplin
1978), South Carolina (Rayner 1979), South Dakota
(Schumacher 1978), Tennessee (Collins et al. 1976)
and Vermont (Countryman 1978).

Field 9

This field may contain a variety of comments such
as the legislative protection afforded the plant in
Canada, the possibility that the plant is introduced
into the province and, in the case of possibly

extirpated plants, the date of the last known
collection.

Appendices

Two appendices follow the main list. Appendix |
lists excluded species, i.e. plants which have been
referred to as rare in the literature but which for one
reason or another have been excluded from the
present list.

Appendix Il lists the rare plants of Manitoba in
taxonomic sequence.

Maps

Distribution maps are included for each species on
the list. These maps are based on herbarium speci-
mens (dots) and on literature reports (circles). All
specimens were not reidentified but they were seen
by us and checked for obvious errors.

E. The Distribution Patterns of Rare Plants in
Manitoba.

It is difficult for us to analyze the phytogeography
of rare plants in Manitoba for several reasons.
Firstly, there are many gaps in the knowledge of the
distribution of rare plants, particularly those in
central and northern regions which have been little
botanized. Secondly, the distribution of a species as
shown by a map may be misleading because it tends
to over-emphasize the collecting patterns of bota-
nists. Thirdly, some plants presumed to be rare are
inconspicuous because they are small, because they
resemble more common species or because they
are not in flower and hence pass unnoticed by
collectors in the field.

It was hoped that by superimposing distribution
maps of rare plants that centres of rarity could be
detected. To a small extent this hope has been
realized. However, the ranges of most species do
not fall into simple patterns but rather represent the
individualistic nature of plant distribution. There are,
however, several apparent centres of rarity within
the province: the northern edge and coastal tundra
fringe along Hudson Bay where arctic species just
enter the province, the southeastern corner of the
province where eastern forest species enter the
province and the southwestern corner where west-
ern and Great Plains species reach their limits. Since
these areas consist of plants at the edge of their
range, it is perhaps easiest to understand the
distributional patterns in terms of their geographical
affinities outside the province.

Eastern deciduous forest species. One of the
largest groups of rare Manitoba plants consists of
eastern deciduous forest species. These plants
enter Manitoba chiefly in the southeastern corner

although some occur sporadically or disjunctly as far
north and west as The Pas. For example, Pinus
strobus and Panicum linearifolium are confined to
southeastern Manitoba while Arethusa bulbosa
occurs sporadically northwestward. Lycopodium
lucidulum is disjunct in Riding Mountain National
Park, the only known locality of the species for the
province. Typical eastern deciduous forest under-
story plants such as Sanguinaria canadensis, Hepat-
ica americana, Uvularia sessilifolia and Arisaema
triphyllum occur westward from the southeastern
corner in patches of deciduous forest on the higher
hills of the southern Manitoba escarpment such as
the Pembina Hills, Tiger Hills and Turtle Mountain. A
disjunct population of Celtis occidentalis, common in
forests south and east of Manitoba, occurs only ona
sandy beach ridge at the south end of Lake
Manitoba.

Grassland species. Another group, consisting of
grassland plants, has a range that can be traced to
two main areas: the eastern tall-grass or true prairie
and the western Great Plains. Most are found in the
southwestern corner of the province but some tall-
grass species occur in prairie areas along the Red
River Valley.

Examples of Great Plains species are Aristida
longiseta, Lomatium orientale and Oxytropis sericea.
Members of the true prairie element include Aster
sericeus andLysimachia quadriflora. Some members
of the grassland group such as Lomatium orientale
are restricted to the extreme southwestern corner of
the province while others, such as Aster sericeus are
found only in the Red River Valley.

Western and cordilleran species. Some rare spe-
cies have an essentially cordilleran range, such as
Arnica cordifolia, Astragalus aboriginum and Kalmia
microphylla, while others are more widely distrib-
uted in western North America, such as /mpatiens
noli-tangere, Muhlenbergia andina, Orobanche ludo-
viciana, Polanisia dodecandra and Woodsia oregana.
Some of these species, such as Muhlenbergia andina
and Orobanche ludoviciana, reach their eastern limit
in western Manitoba, others, such as Woodsia
oregana, occur as disjunct populations as far east as
Quebec.

Coastal species. A fourth group consists of marine
coastal species with occur in Manitoba along the
Hudson Bay coast. Some of these plants have a very
localized total range, such as the Hudson Bay
endemics Euphrasia vinacea, Linum lewisii ssp.
lepagei and Oxytropis bellii. Others, such as Zostera
marina, are widespread along the coasts of North
America. Within the province some marine coastal
species occur along much of the Hudson Bay coast,

such as Arenaria peploides, Hippuris tetraphylla and
Matricaria ambigua, while others are known from
only one locality, such as Draba incana known only
from Churchill and Carex paleacea known only from
York Factory.

Boreal forest species. Some rare boreal forest
species such as Carex pauciflora and Malaxis mono-
phyllos var. brachypoda, are widespread but spo-
radic across the vast stretches of boreal forest in
North America. Others can be classed as eastern
boreal forest species reaching their western limit in
Manitoba. Listera auriculata, known only from Duck
Mountain is an example. Still others can be consid-
ered western boreal forest species reaching their
eastern limit here, for example Astragalus bodinii
and Carex loliacea.

Tundra species. Areas of subarctic tundra are to
be found along the Hudson Bay coast and some
distance inland in the extreme northern part of the
province, such as areas around Baralzon Lake.
Diapensia lapponica, Hierochloe alpina and Salix
herbacea occur only in this inland northern section
while Alopecurus alpinus, Campanula uniflora and
Dryas integrifolia occur along the coast. Many
members of this coastal element, such as Carex
bicolor, Draba nivalis, Eriophorum callitrix and Pedic-
ularis lapponica are known thus far only from
Churchill. It is interesting that 27 species on this list
are known only from Churchill. This may be due to its
unique habitats or more probably because of the
intense collecting which has gone on there over
many years.

While the majority of rare plants fit into the above-
mentioned groupings, there are other patterns
which, while they each contain few species, are
nonetheless interesting. Some plants, such as
Dicentra cucullaria, Deschampsia atropurpurea and
Luzula spicata have two widely separated popula-
tions in North America, one in the east and one in the
west with the Manitoba localities occurring in the
central gap. Some of these apparent disjunctions
may be only an artifact resulting from the low level of
collecting in this area while others may be due to the
lack of suitable habitats in the prairie provinces. The
final pattern to be mentioned here is that of wide-
spread rare species. Malaxis paludosa, Adoxa mos-
chatellina and Botrychium matricariaefolium occur
very widely in North America but are rare in much of
their range.

A vegetation map of Manitoba (Figure 1) provides
a context for the species distribution patterns. Some
plants are closely associated with a particular
vegetation zone, for example Arnica fulgens with the
prairie zone, Stellaria humifusa with the subarctic

tundra and Pinus strobus with the eastern deciduous
forest zone. Many other species, however, grow in
habitats which cross several zones, for example
Carex livida and Drosera linearis of calcareous fens.

Tundra
Transition
Boreal forest
Aspen parkland

Prairie

RIE EIN

74 Eastern deciduous
forest

FIGURE 1. Vegetation map of Manitoba

Superimposed on the floristic patterns just dis-
cussed, we find there are patterns that are deter-
mined by the distinctive habitat tolerances of some
rare plants. In some cases, these habitat tolerances
are either so narrow or the required habitats so
infrequent as to represent a major factor in restrict-
ing their distribution. Examples of restrictive habitat
tolerances among Manitoba rare plants are the cliff
calciphiles, Pellaea glabella var. occidentalis and
Woodsia alpina; plants of calcareous fens, Drosera
linearis and Scirpus rufus; plants of sand dunes and
blowouts, Chenopodium subglabrum, Hudsonia to-
mentosa and Orobanche ludoviciana; plants of acidic
bogs, Arethusa bulbosa and Calopogon tuberosus;

10

and plants of alkaline flats and shores, Atriplex
argentea, Heliotropium curassavicum and Plantago
elongata spp. elongata.

The final point to be considered in this section is
man’s influence on rare plants. The human impact
on rare Manitoba plants has been rather minimal if
the entire province is taken into consideration. If we
consider the impact on just the prairie and southern
regions, however, it has been considerable. The
landscape of the southern third of the province has
been greatly modified by man during the past
century; native plants in this region have suffered
from the effects of fire control, tillage, drainage,
grazing, pasture improvement and from the spread
of weeds. It is not easy to evaluate the effect of these
activities because detailed “‘before and after”
studies were never done. Some species have not
been collected in the province for many years and
may have been extirpated by man’s activities.
Amaranthus tuberculatus and Carex woodii have not
been collected within the province for over 90 years,
while Allium tricoccum, Astragalus lotiflorus, Carex
hookerana, Krigia biflora and Minuartia stricta have
not been collected for over 50 years. Determined
efforts to relocate them, however, have not yet been
made and they may still prove to be extant.

While many plants have been considerably re-
duced in numbers in the province and some perhaps
even extirpated, others are extending their range. It
is possible that some plants, presently considered
rare, will become more common or widespread and
that others, not presently found in the province, will
appear as new immigrants.

In order for us to live in harmony with our
environment and be able to enjoy its natural diver-
sity it is important that we provide living space for
plants that already have a small population or which
require a specialized habitat. We should also avoid
depleting common species to rare or endangered
status. This does not mean that we advocate no
further development take place. What we are ad-
vocating is that the natural environment be taken
into consideration when development plans are
made and that sufficient space be set aside to permit
wilderness to flourish and maintain its natural

diversity. This will necessarily involve the setting
aside of a number of large undisturbed areas.
Although they will be lost to short-term economic
return, they will provide reservoirs of biological
diversity not only for ourselves but also for future
generations.

Finally, we would like to point out that further
studies on the distribution and ecology of Manito-
ba's rare plants are needed. Additional locations and
larger populations of many of these plants are likely
to be discovered, especially of the rare boreal and
coastal species. It is obvious, however, that sites
containing representatives of the various specialized
habitats and species associations that contain rare
plants should be legally protected as natural areas
before they are irretrievably lost. At the same time,
consideration must be given to obtaining legal
protection for certain individual rare species. This
list will hopefully give impetus to the efforts to reach
the above goals and provide information basic to
their accomplishment.

F. Rare Canadian Plants in the Manitoba Flora.

Although the focus of our work on the rare plants
of Manitoba has been at the provincial level many of
these plants are of national significance. These
include Canadian endemic plants which are found
either solely within the province or only in small
populations extending into adjacent provinces and
territories. These endemic species in Manitoba are
restricted to the Hudson Bay coast. A second group
includes peripheral species with their main range in
the United States. These species have a very limited
range in Canada and are considered to be rare in
every province in which they occur. Table 1 lists the
plants in these categories. Malaxis paludosa is a
special case: a plant which is rare throughout its
range in Canada with only a small population in
Minnesota. Carex rufina is also interesting: it is
known from only two areas in North America, one at
Nueltin Lake and the other in the Northwest Territo-
ries. The main range of the species is Greenland to
Scandinavia. A number of the species which have
their main range in the United States, such as
Cypripedium arietinum and C. candidum are re-
garded as threatened or endangered there (Ayensu
& DeFilipps 1978).

TABLE 1
RARE IN CANADA

A. Canadian endemics

Euphrasia vinacea
Linum lewisii ssp. lepagei
Oxytropis bellii

B. Peripheral species

11

1. Occur in Canada only in Manitoba
Agalinis aspera
Amorpha fruticosa var. angustifolia
Carex stricta var. elongata
Euphorbia geyeri
Muhlenbergia andina
Scutellaria parvula var. leonardii
Tradescantia occidentalis
Vernonia fasciculata var. corymbosa
2. Occur also in other Canadian provinces or

territories

Asclepias lanuginosa
Aster sericeus
Astragalus neglectus
Buchloe dactyloides

Carex rufina

Carex woodii

Conopholis americana
Cypripedium arietinum
Cypripedium candidum

Krigia biflora

Lactuca floridana
Lomatium orientale
Malaxis paludosa
Microseris cuspidata
Panicum perlongum
Panicum wilcoxianum
Ranunculus fascicularis
Saxifraga pensylvanica
Solidago riddellii
Veronicastrum virginicum

G. The Protection or Rare Plants in Manitoba

The most effective way to protect rare plants is to
preserve the habitats they need for continued
survival. To accomplish this, areas of undisturbed
prairie, parkland and forest, representing the com-
plete range of biological diversity in the province,
must be set aside by legislative acts or by private
purchase with dedication. Whether the legislation
deals with protection of individual species, such as
Ontario’s Endangered Species Act, or with protec-
tion of the habitat, as in the British Columbia
Ecological Reserves Act, the intent is the same: to
protect species in their natural habitats by prevent-
ing the modification or destruction of those habitats.
In Manitoba there is, at present, no legislation
dealing specifically with endangered or rare plant
species; however, portions of other legislative acts
are useful for the protection of plants and their
habitats.

The Wildlife Act of 1970 provides limited protec-
tion for habitats with its categories of Wildlife

Refuges and Wildlife Management Areas. Although
created and managed for animal species, preser-
vation of the habitats within them also offers some
protection for plant species. Endangered animal
species are protected by a separate listing for each
species under the regulations for the Act and
consideration had been given to using the Act in the
same way to protect rare or endangered plant
species but this was never done.

The Forest Act of 1974 and the Provincial Park
Lands Act of 1972 contain regulations which prohibit
the ‘‘taking, cutting, removal or destruction” of any
flora within provincial parks and provincial forests
without the permission of the Minister. These
regulations are seldom enforced, but individuals
have been prosecuted for digging or picking Cypripe-
dium reginae on forest land and for digging trees and
shrubs on provincial park land.

There are several categories of provincial parks
including natural parks, wilderness parks and heri-
tage parks. At present there are 12 provincial
natural parks, covering some 9600 km2 and ranging

12

from small intensively used parks (Bird’s Hill, 13.6
km2 ) in the southern part of the province to much
larger, less disturbed parks north of The Pas (Grass
River, 333 km2 ). No provincial wilderness parks
have yet been created and only two small provincial
heritage parks have been established. The Park
Lands Act states that provincial parks shall be
developed and maintained for conservation, for
preservation of areas of natural history interest and
for recreation. The Act seems to have a preservation
emphasis and parks planners have been attempting
to get regulations under the Act which would allow
the zoning of parks to limit human access and
activities in areas of ecological sensitivity. Nonethe-
less, most of Manitoba's largest and most diverse
provincial parks were created out of provincial forest
reserves and still carry the designation of multiple-
use forest as well as provincial park. Logging, mining,
trapping and hunting still take place in most provin-
cial parks, along with extensive recreational
developments.

Attempts by the Parks Branch to gain control over
the resource use and development of the parks was
making some headway until they were placed under
the Department of Natural Resources in a govern-
ment re-organization. Here they function only in a
planning, interpretive and administrative role with
the major resource allocation decisions coming from
other branches. This change is not encouraging for
the protection of the numerous rare plants that
occur in Manitoba’s parks and forest reserves. We
strongly urge the Department of Natural Resources
to adopt a comprehensive parks policy which in-
cludes, as one of its primary objectives, the protec-
tion of significant and representative vegetation.

The National Parks Act of 1970 offers somewhat
better protection for plants. In addition to not
allowing, or at least strictly controlling resource
exploitation, areas can be zoned within the park to
restrict the amount of human impact on ecologically
sensitive areas. Riding Mountain National Park,
presently Manitoba's only federal park, is close to
3000 km2 in area. It lies on a rolling plateau that
forms part of the Manitoba Escarpment and con-
tains a broad range of southern boreal, parkland and
northern fescue prairie communities. A number of
rare plants are known only from this park.

The Bloodvein River region is under consideration
for national park status. This prime and untouched
section of southern boreal forest on the Canadian
Shield is located on the east side of Lake Winnipeg.
Unfortunately, the many changes in government
which have occurred over the past two years have

prevented its designation and the whole project has,
at least temporarily, been dropped.

While many other areas could be proposed for
national or provincial park status, perhaps the most
significant is the area around Churchill. As men-
tioned previously, many rare plants are known only
from this area, and while further exploration will no
doubt extend the ranges of some of these plants
within the province, others are real disjuncts. Since
this area is the most visited spot along the Hudson
Bay coast, some form of protection is warranted.

Other forms of protection can be as effective as
the national or provincial parks systems. The Car-
berry Sand Hills, an area of active sand dunes
resulting from the remains of a large river delta
entering glacial Lake Agassiz, contains a number of
habitat-restricted rare plants. The dunes are pres-
ently under the jurisdiction of National Defense as
part of the Camp Shilo Military Reserve. The federal
government holds a long-term lease on the area
from the provincial government, and the adjoining
sand plains and prairies are used for NATO and
Canadian forces troop training manoeuvers. At
present a small part of the dunes is open to the
general public and administered by the provincial
parks branch but most of the dunes are off limits to
the public. A joint provincial, private and military
advisory committee presently monitors the environ-
mental impact of military use on the entire reserve.
Although it possesses only advisory powers, the
committee is aware of the presence of rare plants
and other unique features of the dunes and uses this
information in its recommendations to the military
for protection of sensitive areas. As actual manoeu-
vres do not take place on the dune areas themselves
they are protected at present. But the area is
sufficiently unusual, that national or provincial park
status should be sought if military use and control is
discontinued.

Another way that habitats and rare plants can be
protected is by the establishment of ecological
reserves, a method that has been used effectively in
British Columbia. Manitoba's present Ecological
Reserves Program uses the Crown Lands Act of
1954 to designate reserves and is the result of work
done under the auspices of the International Biolog-
ical Program (IBP) from 1967 to 1973. Biological
survey work led to the location and documentation
of about 75 ecologically important sites throughout
the province. While some were at least partially
protected by virtue of their location within national
and provincial parks, others were not and some
were being greatly disturbed by man’s activities.
Attempts by the Manitoba IBP Committee to gain an

ecological reserves act for Manitoba in the early
1970's were not successful. After continued pres-
sure, however, the Government of Manitoba created
an Ecological Reserves Program in 1973 using
Orders-in-Council as a legislative vehicle which
provided for their designation under the Crown
Lands Act of 1954. Although it took three years to
establish the first ecological reserve, a total of four
reserves ranging in size from 62 to 14,200 ha have
been set aside. One of them, Wampum Red Pine
Ecological Reserve, was set aside specifically for the
preservation of a stand of the rare plant Pinus
resinosa.

Ecological reserves are proposed, screened and
managed by a Technical Advisory Committee (ER-
TAC) composed of planners and biologists from the
provincial Department of Natural Resources as well
as from other organizations.

While at present there are no guidelines for the
establishment or management of ecological re-
serves, this shortcoming should be remedied in the
near future as ERTAC is considering a comprehen-
sive plan for the establishment of a system of
ecological reserves containing all major plant and
animal communities in Manitoba. This will hopefully
be forwarded to the Minister for approval in early
1980 and he has indicated that either a separate
ecological reserves act or a specific section under a
broad environment act will be forthcoming within
the next year. This would give existing and future
reserves much greater legal protection. The crea-
tion of ecological reserves, along with the restrictive
zoning of significant areas within provincial and
national parks, is probably the most effective
method for preserving the majority of rare plants
found in Manitoba. In addition to the ecological
reserves legislation, provision will be made in the act
for protecting individual endangered and rare animal
and plant species.

Active private groups have had some influence in
encouraging the government to adopt protective
legislation. The Manitoba Naturalists Society has
been a major voice in pressing for the preservation
of habitat, flora and fauna through its newsletters,

We

briefs to government organizations and lecture
series. It also supports Manitoba Nature, a quarterly
magazine dealing with natural history and conser-
vation issues in the province. The Manitoba Wildlife
Federation, Manitoba Wildlife Foundation, Ducks
Unlimited and a Sierra Club chapter have all been
instrumental in preserving habitats by various pri-

‘vate means and in lobbying both provincial and

federal governments to provide the necessary
legislation.

Although many areas have been lost to develop-
ment, others have been protected and if the prom-
ised environmental legislation is passed there will be
grounds for optimism for the protection of rare
plants and their habitats in Manitoba.

H. Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge the important
contribution of George W. Argus, Director of the
Rare and Endangered Plants Project, without whose
initiative, guidance and encouragement this publica-
tion could not have been produced. We would like to
thank J.K. Morton, University of Waterloo, for
allowing us access to the rare Canadian plants card
file of Linda Kershaw. We also wish to thank the
following individuals for their contributions to the
publication: B. Boivin, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa;
J. Canne, University of Guelph; W.J. Cody, Agricul-
ture Canada, Ottawa; J. Dawson, Agriculture
Canada, Ottawa; H.L. Dickson, National Museum of
Natural Sciences, Ottawa; J.R. Dugle, Whiteshell
Nuclear Research Establishment, Pinawa; J.M. Gil-
lett, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa;
E. Haber, National Museum of Natural Sciences,
Ottawa; M.I. Heagy, University of Western Ontario,
London; P. Hoch, Missouri Botanical Garden, St.
Louis; G. Keleher, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg;
W. Krivda, The Pas; R.V. Maher, Alberta Department
of Recreation, Parks and Wildlife, Edmonton; J.L.
Parker, Gilbert Plains; J.C. Ritchie, Scarborough
College, Toronto; J.M. Shay, University of Manitoba,
Winnipeg; V. Smith, R.M. Hardy & Associates Ltd.,
Calgary; J.H. Soper, National Museum of Natural
Sciences, Ottawa; R. Staniforth, University of Winni-
peg; M. Sussman, Ottawa; and S. Wolf, University of
Alberta, Edmonton.

15

LIST OF THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF MANITOBA

Acnida tamariscina = Amaranthus tuberculatus

Adlumia fungosa (Ait.) Greene

REFERENCE: WIN.

Rance: BC, seMan-NB, NS; Minn-Tenn-New England.

Manitosa: Whiteshell Provincial Park (West Hawk
Lake).

HABITAT: Moist woods.

Status: Endangered in North Carolina and Tennessee,
threatened in Wisconsin, and rare in Massachusetts,
Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Rhode Island
and Virginia.

Note: A specimen recorded from Winnipeg (WIN) was
probably planted.

Adoxa moschatellina L.

REFERENCE: MMMN; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw 1976,
Kershaw & Morton 1976.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-wMan-Ont; Mont-NM,nWyo, Minn-
Ill, NY.

MaNitoBa: Porcupine Mountains.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Maher et al. 1979 Sask,
Porsild 1966 Can.

HABITAT: Moist woods.

STATUS: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories,
Ontario and Saskatchewan. Endangered in Colorado,
South Dakota and Wisconsin, and rare in Illinois,
lowa and New York.

Agalinis aspera (Dougl.) Britt.
(Gerardia aspera Dougl.)
REFERENCE: CAN; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw 1976.
Rance: sMan; ND-Okla-Wisc.
MANITOBA: Stony Mountain.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS, Pennell 1929,
1935.

HABITAT: Gravelly loam.
Status: Rare in Canada and lowa.

Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf.
(Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, OAC, WIN; Boivin 1967-
79.

RANGE: seMan-swQue; ND-Colo-Okla-NY.
ManitoBa: Lettonia, Dugald and Vita.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS, Pennell 1929,
1995;

HABITAT: Wet places.
STATUS: Endangered in Colorado.

Agropyron latiglume = A. violaceum ssp. violaceum

Agropyron trachycaulum var. latiglume = A.
violaceum ssp. violaceum

Agropyron violaceum (Hornem.) Lange ssp. violaceum
(A. latiglume (Scribn. & Sm.) Rydb., A.
trachycaulum (Link) Malte var. latiglume (Scribn. &
Sm.) Beetle)

REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC-nMan, nOnt, Que, Lab; Mont.
ManiToBa: Churchill and York Factory.

Map: Porsild 1964 Can, Raup 1947.

HABITAT: Gravelly places.

STATUS: Rare in Ontario.

Alisma gramineum Gmel.
REFERENCE: WIN.
RANGE: SWBC-sMan-sQue; Wash-nCal-Colo-Minn-NY.
MANITOBA: Pruden Bay and Brandon.
Map: Hendricks 1957, Hultén 1958, McGregor & Bark-
ley 1977 cUS, Meusel et al. 1965.
HABITAT: Shallow water and muddy shores.

Allium tricoccum Ait.

REFERENCE: DAO.

RANGE: scMan-NB, NS; Minn-Ga-New England.

Manitosa: Morden.

Map: Doyon & LaVoie 1966 Que, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Rich woods.

STATUS: Threatened in Nova Scotia and rare in
Tennessee.

Note: This plant has not been collected in the prov-
ince since 1923.

Allocarya californica = Plagiobothrys scouleri

Alopecurus alpinus Sm. ssp. alpinus
REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN, OK.
Rance: Alas-NWT, BC, swSask, nMan-Que, Lab.
Manitosa: Nunulla to Cape Churchill.
Map: Hadac 1960, Hultén 1968, Porsild 1964, Savile
1961 nNA.
HABITAT: Meadows and stream margins.
STATUS: Rare in Ontario.

Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer

(Acnida tamariscina (Nutt.) Wood)

REFERENCE: CAN.

RANGE: swMan-swQue; ND-Kans-La-Tenn-Mich, Vt.

MANITOBA: Souris River.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Sandy shores.

Status: Rare in Vermont.

Note: This plant has not been collected in the prov-
ince since 1889.

Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hook.

(Franseria acanthicarpa (Hook.) Cov.)

REFERENCE: DAO, WIN.

Rance: sAlta-swMan; Wash-Cal-Tex-ND, introduced in
eUS.

MANITOBA: Grande Clariére.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS, Ramaley 1939.

HABITAT: Wind eroded sandhills.

Status: Rare in Alberta.

16

Amorpha fruticosa L. var. angustifolia Pursh
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Kershaw 1976.
Rance: seMan; ND-NM-Tex-Wisc.

MaNnitoBa: East Selkirk to Le Large.

Map: Fassett 1939a, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.
HABITAT: Dry prairies, thickets and shores.

STATUS: Rare in Canada.

Andropogon hallii Hack.

REFERENCE: CAN, WIN.

RANGE: SwWMan, introduced swOnt-sQue; Mont-Ariz-
Tex-ND, lowa.

MANITOBA: Grand Clarière to Treesbank.

Map: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 US, McGregor & Bark-
ley 1977 US, Ramaley 1939.

HABITAT: Dry prairies and sandhills.

Anemone richardsonii Hook.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC-nMan, nQue.
ManiToBa: Churchill and York Factory.
Map: Bocher 1951, Hultén 1968, Maher et al. 1979
Sask, Porsild 1964, Raup 1947.
HABITAT: Wet bogs.
STATUS: Rare in Saskatchewan.

Antennaria denikeana = A. plantaginifolia

Antennaria isolepis Greene
REFERENCE: CAN, WIN.
RANGE: Alas-NWT, nMan, Que, Lab.
MaNitoBa: Nueltin Lake.
Map: Hultén 1968, Porsild 1950, Raup 1947.
HABITAT: Gravelly shores.

Antennaria munda = A. parlinii

Antennaria parlinii Fern.

(A. munda Fern.)

REFERENCE: DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.

RANGE: seMan-Que, NS; Minn-lll-Ga-Me.

ManiToBa: Lac du Bonnet and Indian Bay.

HABITAT: Dry open places.

Status: Rare in Nova Scotia and Indiana, and threat-
ened in Pennsylvania.

Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Hook.
(A. denikeana Boivin)
REFERENCE: DAO, WIN.
RANGE: seMan, sOnt-sQue, NS; Mont-Okla-Ga-Me.
MANITOBA: Shoal Lake and near Winnipeg.
Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.
HABITAT: Dry fields.

Arabis alpina L.

REFERENCE: CAN, WIN.

Rance: NWT, nMan-Que, Nfld-Lab.

Manitosa: Churchill area.

Map: Hopkins 1937 neNA, Hultén 1958, Meusel et al.
1965, Porsild 1964.

Hapitat: Damp calcareous rocks and gravels.

STATUS: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories
and Ontario.

Arabis lyrata L.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC-wMan-Ont; Wash-Mont-Mo-nGa-
New England.

MANITOBA: Cowan.

Map: Hopkins 1937 eNA, Hultén 1968, Rollins 1941
WNA.

HABITAT: Sandy woods.

STATUS: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories
and Ontario. Threatened in North Carolina, and rare
in lowa and Virginia.

Aralia racemosa L.
REFERENCE: WIN.
RANGE: SMan-NS; Minn-SD-Tex-Ga-New England.
ManitoBa: Gimli and Camp Morton.
Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.
HABITAT: Moist woods.

STATUS: Probably extirpated in Texas, and rare in Ala-
bama, Kansas and South Dakota.

Arctagrostis latifolia (R. Br.) Griseb.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
Rance: Alas-NWT, nBC-nMan-nQue, Lab.
ManiToBa: Nunulla to Cape Churchill.
Map: Hultén 1964, 1968, Porsild 1964.
HABITAT: Damp or marshy tundra.
Status: Rare in Ontario.

Arenaria humifusa Wahl.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC-wAlta, nMan-Que, Nfld-Lab.
ManitoBa: Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1958, 1968, Raup 1947, Raymond
1950b, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Muskeg and tundra.
STATUS: Rare in Alberta and Ontario.

Arenaria peploides L.
(Honckenya peploides (L.) Ehrh.)
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a,
Schofield 1959.
Rance: Alas-NWT, nMan-Lab; Wash, Me-Va.
ManNITOBA: Long Point to Churchill, York Factory.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild
1964 Can.

HABITAT: Sandy marine shorelines.

STATUS: Rare in the Yukon, endangered in New Jersey
and rare in Massachusetts.

Arenaria rubella = Minuartia rubella
Arenaria stricta var. uliginosa = Minuartia stricta

Arenaria uliginosa = Minuartia stricta

Arethusa bulbosa L.

REFERENCE: DAO, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Shay
1974.

RANGE: n&cSask, wc&seMan-NS, Nfld-Lab; Minn-NJ- Me,
NC.

ManitosBa: Nopining Provincial Park to Richer, The Pas
to Wekuskow Lake.

Map: Case 1964 Great Lakes, Luer 1975, Maher et al.
1979 Sask, Thien & Marcks 1972.

HaBITAT: Bogs and swamps.

Status: Rare in Saskatchewan. Extirpated in Illinois,
endangered in Delaware, Indiana, North Carolina,
Ohio and South Carolina, threatened in Connecticut,
Massachusetts, Michigan and Wisconsin, and rare in
Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont.

Note: Protected under CITES (Argus 1978).

Arisaema triphyllum L.

REFERENCE. DAO, MMMN, WIN; Johnson 1975, Shay
1974.

Rance: sMan-NB, NS; ND-La-Fla-Me.

ManitoBa: Winnipeg to Emerson.

Map: Marie-Victorin 1931, McGregor & Barkley 1977
cUS.

HaBITAT: Rich woods.

Aristida longiseta Steud.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO.

RANGE: SBC-sMan; Wash-Ariz-lowa-ND.

ManitoBa: Brandon to Treesbank.

Map: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 US, Maher et al. 1979
Sask, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Dry plains and gravelly slopes.

Status: Rare in Alberta, Saskatchewan and lowa.

Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd. ssp. labradorica (Wallr.)

Lawr.

REFERENCE. MMMN.

RANGE: NWT, nMan-nQue, Nfld-Lab; Colo.

Manitosa: Nunulla.

Map: Hultén 1958, 1968, Lawrence 1947, Porsild
1955, 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Tundra.

Status: Rare in Ontario and endangered in Colorado.

Arnica cordifolia Hook.

REFERENCE: DAO; Boivin 1967-79.

RANGE: YT-NWT, BC-swMan; Wash-Cal-NM-SD-Mich.

ManiToBA: Riding Mountain National Park.

Map: Hultén 1968, Maguire 1943.

HABITAT: Aspen forests.

Status: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories
and endangered in Michigan.

Arnica fulgens Pursh

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.

RANGE: SBC-sMan; Wash-Cal-Colo-ND.

MANITOBA: Broomhill to Medora to Brandon, Pembina
Hills.

Map: Maguire 1943.

HABITAT: Moist meadows and gravelly prairies.

17

Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. ssp. elatior (T. & G.) Hult.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-Alta, nMan, neOnt; Wash-Ore-
Mont.

ManITOBA: Churchill to York Factory.

Map: Cody 1971, Hultén 1968, Porsild 1964, Raup
1947.

HABITAT: Gravelly marine beaches.

STATUS: Rare in Ontario.

Asclepias lanuginosa Nutt.

REFERENCE: DAO; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw 1976.

RANGE: SMan-swOnt; ND-Wyo-Kans-lll-Wisc.

MANITOBA: Sidney and Aweme.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS, Woodson 1954
US.

HABITAT: Sandhills.

STATUS: Rare in Canada. Threatened in Wisconsin and
rare in Illinois.

Aster macrophyllus L.

REFERENCE: MMMN; Boivin 1967-79.

RANGE: seMan-NS; Minn-Penn-Tenn-Me.

Manitosa: Whiteshell Provincial Park (West Hawk
Lake).

Map: Fernald 1911, Parker 1932.

HaBitAT: Deciduous woods.

Status: Rare in Rhode Island.

Aster modestus Lindl.

REFERENCE: CAN, WIN.

Rance: Alas -YT, BC-seMan-Ont; Wash-lda-Mont, Minn,
Mich.

MANITOBA: Sandilands Forest Reserve and Marchand.

Map: Hultén 1968.

HABITAT: Wet meadows and clearings.

STATUS: Rare in the Yukon. Threatened in Michigan.

Aster sericeus Vent

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Kershaw 1976.

RANGE: seMan-wOnt; ND-Tex-Tenn-Mich.

MANITOBA: Pine Ridge to Arnaud.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS, Parker 1932.

HABITAT: Dry prairies.

STATUS: Rare in Canada. Endangered in Tennessee,
threatened in Michigan, and rare in Indiana, lowa
and Minnesota.

Astragalus aboriginum Richards.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-sMan, Que; Ore-Nev-Colo-ND.

ManitoBa: Gimli, St. Lazare to the mouth of the Qu'Ap-
pelle River.

Map: Barneby 1964, Hultén 1968, McGregor & Bark-
ley 1977 cUS, Wood 1972.

HABITAT: Streambanks and plains.

Status: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories.

18

Astragalus bodinii Sheld.

(A. yukonis M. E. Jones)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Kershaw 1976, Kershaw &
Morton 1976.

RaNce: Alas-NWT, Alta, ecSask, cMan, Nfld; Wyo-Utah-
Neb.

ManitoBa: Cross and Pipestone Lakes.

Map: Barneby 1964, Hultén 1968, Maher et al. 1979
Sask.

HABITAT: Cobble beaches and grassy places.

STATUS: Rare in Saskatchewan. Endangered in Utah
and rare in Colorado.

Astragalus gilviflorus Sheld.

(A. triphyllus Pursh)

REFERENCE: MMMN, WIN.

RAGE: Alta-swMan; Mont-Utah-Neb-ND.

ManitoBa: Reston and Boissevain.

Map: Barneby 1964, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS,
Welsh 1960 US.

HABITAT: Dry prairies.

Status: Possibly extirpated in Utah and rare in
Colorado.

Astragalus lotiflorus Hook.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO; Boivin 1967-79.
RANGE: BC-swMan; Mont-Tex-Mo-Minn.
MANITOBA: Treesbank.

Map: Barneby 1964, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS,
Welsh 1960 US.

HABITAT: Dry slopes and prairies.

STATUS: Rare in Alberta, lowa, Minnesota and Missouri.

Note: This plant has not been collected in the prov-
ince since 1930.

Astragalus neglectus (T. & G.) Sheld.
REFERENCE: DAO; Love & Bernard 1959.
RANGE: seMan-Ont; ND-SD-Penn-NY.
MANITOBA: Kleefeld area.

Map: Barneby 1964, Fassett 1939a, Lôve & Bernard
1959 Man, Welsh 1960 US.

HABITAT: Calcareous gravels and cliffs.
Status: Rare in Canada. Endangered in Wisconsin
and threatened in Pennsylvania.

Astragalus triphyllus = A. gilviflorus
Astragalus yukonis = A. bodinii

Atriplex argentea Nutt.

REFERENCE: CAN, WIN.

Rance: BC-swMan; Wash-Cal-NM-Kans-Minn.
ManITOBA: Melita.

Map: Frankton & Bassett 1970, McGregor & Barkley
MC W/7/ AUIS:

HABITAT: Alkaline soils.
STATUS: Rare in Minnesota.

Atriplex glabriuscula Edmonston
REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN; Schofield 1959.
RANGE: NWT, nMan-NB, NS-Lab; Minn, NJ-Me.
MANITOBA: Seal River and Churchill.
Map: Hultén 1958, Meusel et al. 1965.
Hasitat: Salt marshes.
STATUS: Rare in Minnesota and New York.

Bartsia alpina L.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
Rance: eNWT, nMan-Que, Nfld-Lab.
ManitoBa: Seal River and Churchill.
Map: Hultén 1958, Porsild 1964.
HABITAT: Coastal meadows.
STATUS: Rare in Ontario.

Blysmus rufus = Scirpus rufus

Boltonia asteroides var. occidentalis = B. asteroides
var. recognita

Boltonia asteroides (L.) L'Hér. var. recognita (Fern. &

Grisc.) Cronq.

(B. asteroides (L.) L'Hér. var. occidentalis Gray)
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw 1976.
Rance: scSask-sMan; ND-Okla-Ky-Mich, introduced

eastward.

ManitoBa: Melita to Red River.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Shores.

Status: Threatened in Pennsylvania, and rare in Michi-
gan and South Dakota.

Botrychium matricariaefolium A. Br.

REFERENCE: CAN, WIN.

Rance: BC-cMan-Nfld; Wash-Mont, SD, Minn-Tex-NC-
Me.

ManitoBa: Norway House.

Map: Hultén 1958, Maher et al. 1979 Sask, Meusel et
al. 1965.

HABITAT: Shores.

Status: Rare in Saskatchewan. Endangered in North
Carolina, and rare in Illinois, Tennessee and Texas.

Brasenia schreberi Gmel.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN.
RANGE: Alas, BC, seMan-NB, NS; Wash-Cal-Ida, SD-Tex-
Fla-Me.
ManitoBa: Near Richer and Whiteshell Provincial Park.
Map: Hultén 1968, 1971.
HABITAT: Ponds and slow streams.
STATUS: Rare in Illinois, lowa and Oklahoma.

Braya humilis (C. A. Meyer) Robinson
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
Rance: Alas-NWT, BC, swAlta, nMan-Que, Nfld-Lab;
Colo, Mich, Vt.
Manitosa: Churchill, York Factory and Gillam.
Map: Hultén 1971, Porsild 1966 Can.
HABITAT: Calcareous gravels.
STATUS: Threatened in Michigan.

19

Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. Carex arcta Boott.

REFERENCE: CAN, WIN; Kershaw 1976.

Rance: seSask-swMan; Mont-Ariz-La-Minn.

ManitoBa: Coulter.

Map: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 US, Maher et al. 1979
Sask, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Dry prairies.

Status: Rare in Canada. Endangered in Minnesota and
rare in lowa.

Calamagrostis deschampsioides Trin.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie
1956a and Schofield 1959.

Rance: Alas, NWT, nMan, nOnt, nQue.

ManitoBa: Churchill, La Pérouse Bay and York
Factory.

Map: Hultén 1964, 1968, Schofield 1959.

HABITAT: Brackish coastal marshes.

STATUS: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories
and Ontario.

Calopogon pulchellus = C. tuberosus

Calopogon tuberosus (L.) BSP.

(C. pulchellus (Salisb.) R. Br.)

REFERENCE: MMMN, WIN; Shay 1974.

Rance: seMan-Nfld; Minn-Tex-Fla-Me.

ManiToBA: Hecla Island to east of Winnipeg.

Map: Case 1964 Great Lakes, Luer 1975, Thien &
Marcks 1972.

HABITAT: Sphagnum bogs.

STATUS: Threatened in Rhode Island, and rare in Ar-
kansas, Delaware and Louisiana.

Campanula uniflora L.
REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC, Alta, nMan, Que, Lab; Cal,
Mont-Colo.
MANITOBA: Seal River to Cape Churchill.
Map: Hultén 1958, 1968, Porsild 1964 Can.
HABITAT: Meadows and tundra.

Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb.) BSP.

REFERENCE: DAO, WIN; Kershaw 1976, Love & Bernard
1959.

RANGE: seMan-swQue; ND-Tex-Fla-NH.

ManiToBA: Otterburne.

Map: Love & Bernard 1959 Man, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Wet ground.

STATUS: Possibly extirpated in New Hampshire, and
rare in Kansas and Vermont.

Carex amblyorhyncha Krecz.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO; Ritchie 1956a.
Rance: Alas-NWT, nMan-nQue.
ManiToBA: Churchill.
Map: Bôcher 1952, Hultén 1964, 1968, Meusel et al.
1965, Porsild 1964.
HABITAT: Wet boggy ground.
Status: Rare in Ontario.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO; Ritchie 1959.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-n&eMan-NB, Lab; Wash-Cal- Mont,
Minn-Me.

MANITOBA: Seal River and Sasaginnigak Lake.

Map: Hudson 1977 Sask, Hultén 1968, Maher et al.
1979 Sask, Raup 1930.

HABITAT: Moist soil in deciduous woods.

STATUS: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories,
Saskatchewan, the Yukon, Michigan, New York and
Vermont.

Carex arctata Boott.

REFERENCE: DAO, WIN.

RANGE: seMan-NS; Minn-Ohio-Conn.

ManITOBA: Whiteshell Provincial Park and Moose Lake.
Map: Raymond 1951b eCan.

HABITAT: Open woods and thickets.

Carex atrata L.

(C. atratiformis Britt. ssp. raymondii (Calder) Pors.,
C. raymondii Calder)

REFERENCE: DAO, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.

RANGE: Alas-YT, BC-nMan-nOnt.

MANITOBA: Churchill and Gillam.

Map: Calder 1952, Hudson 1977 Sask, Hultén 1968,
Packer 1971, Porsild 1966.

Hasitat: Moist soil.

STATUS: Rare in Ontario and the Yukon.

Carex atratiformis ssp. raymondii = C. atrata

Carex atrofusca Schkuhr

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
RANGE: Alas-NWT, nMan-Que, Lab.

MANITOBA: Seal River to Cape Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1964, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Wet tundra and calcareous soils.

STATUS: Rare in Ontario.

Carex bicolor Bellardi

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO; Boivin 1967-79, Ritchie 1956a.

Rance: Alas-NWT, Alta, neSask-nMan-Que, Nfld.

MANITOBA: Churchill.

Map: Hudson 1977 Sask, Hultén 1964, 1968, Maher et
al. 1979 Sask, Porsild 1964.

HaBitat: Damp meadows and shores.

Status: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories
and Saskatchewan.

Carex bipartita = C. glareosa ssp. glareosa
Carex blanda = C. laxiflora var. blanda

Carex capillaris L. var. williamsii (Britt.) Boivin

(C. williamsii Britt.)
REFERENCE: CAN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
Rance: Alas-NWT, nMan-Que, Lab.
ManitosBa: Nueltin Lake, Baralzon Lake and Churchill.
Map: Hultén 1964, 1968, Raymond 1951a.
HABITAT: Dry rocky barrens.
Status: Rare in the Yukon.

20

Carex castanea Wahl.

REFERENCE: DAO, MMMN, WIN.

Rance: seMan-NB, NS-Nfld; Minn-Mich-Conn.

MANitoBaA: Sandilands Forest Reserve area.

Map: Raymond 1950a eCan.

HABITAT: Damp thickets, wet meadows and swampy
ground.

STATUS: Rare in Nova Scotia, Connecticut and New
Hampshire.

Carex crinita Lam. var. crinita

REFERENCE: DAO; Boivin 1967-79.

Rance: seMan-Nfld; Minn-Mo-Ga-New England.

MANITOBA: Winnipeg.

Map: Raymond 1951b neNA.

HABITAT: Damp to swampy woods.

Note: The locality may be in the southeast corner of
the province and not in Winnipeg as stated on the
label (Boivin 1967-79).

Carex dutillyi = C. maritima
Carex emoryi = C. stricta var. elongata
Carex festivella = C. macloviana

Carex glareosa var. amphigena = C. glareosa ssp.
glareosa

Carex glareosa Wahl. ssp. glareosa

(C. bipartita auct., C. glareosa Wahl. var.
ampigena Fern.)

REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a,
Schofield 1959.

Rance: Alas-NWT, nMan-NB, NS-Lab.

MANITOBA: Seal River, Churchill and La Pérouse Bay.

Map: Hultén 1968, Porsild 1964, Potter 1932, Raup
1947, Schofield 1959.

HABITAT: Coastal salt marshes.

STATUS: Rare in the Yukon.

Carex heleonastes Ehrh.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO; Ritchie 1956b, 1956c.
Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-nMan-Que.
MANitoBa: Churchill and MacBride Lake.
Map: Bôcher 1952, Hudson 1977 Sask, Hultén 1968,
Meusel et al. 1965.
HABITAT: Peat bogs.
STATUS: Rare in Ontario and the Yukon.

Carex hookerana Dew.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO.
RANGE: Alta-swMan-wOnt; ND.
MANITOBA: Brandon and MacGregor.
Map: Hudson 1977 Sask.
HABITAT: Dry prairies and plains.
STATUS: Rare in Ontario.
Note: This plant has not been collected in the prov-
ince since 1918.

Carex laxiflora Lam. var. blanda (Dew.) Boott.

(C. blanda Dew.)

REFERENCE: CAN, WIN.

RANGE: ecSask-sMan-swQue; ND-Wyo-Tex-Ga-Mass.

MANITOBA: Brandon and Whiteshell Provincial Park.

Map: Maher et al. 1979 Sask, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Meadows, thickets and woodlands.

Status: Rare in Saskatchewan and Wyoming.

Carex livida (Wahl.) Willd.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-Lab; Wash-Cal, Ida, Minn-NJ.

Manitosa: Churchill, Sewell and Vivian.

Map: Hudson 1977 Sask, Hultén 1958, 1968.

HABITAT: Marshes, calcareous meadows and bogs.

STATUS: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories.
Possibly extirpated in California and rare in Massa-
chusetts, New York, Vermont and Washington.

Carex loliacea L.
REFERENCE: CAN, WIN.
RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC-nMan-Ont.
ManitoBa: Nueltin Lake.
Map: Hudson 1977 Sask, Hultén 1964, 1968, Raup
1947 wNA.
Hasitat: Wet, black spruce woods.
STATUS: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories.

Carex mackenziei Krecz.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
RANGE: Alas-NWT, nMan-Lab; Me.
ManitoBa: Churchill.
Map: Hultén 1958, 1968.
HABITAT: Coastal salt marshes.

Carex macloviana D'Urv.

(C. festivella Mack., C. microptera Mack.)

REFERENCE: CAN, WIN.

RANGE: SYT-wNWT, BC-wMan; Wash-Cal-NM-SD.

ManitoBa: Wellman Lake, Qu’Appelle River and Riding
Mountain National Park.

Map: Hudson 1977 Sask, Hultén 1968, McGregor &
Barkley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Muskeg and wet soil.

Status: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories,
the Yukon, Arizona and South Dakota.

Carex maritima Gunn.

(C. dutillyi O'Neill & Duman)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a,
Schofield 1959.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC, cAlta, nwSask, nMan-Que, Nfld-
Lab; Wash-nCal-wMont.

Manitosa: Churchill and York Factory.

Map: Hudson 1977 Sask, Hultén 1964, 1968, Maher et
al. 1979 Sask, Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild 1964.

HasBitat: Sandy or gravelly places along the coast.

Status: Rare in Alberta, Saskatchewan and the Yukon.

Carex microglochin Wahl.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Ritchie
1956a.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC-Alta, nMan-Que, Nfld-Lab; Colo.

Manitosa. Churchill, Cape Churchill and Gillam.

Map: Hultén 1958, 1968, Porsild 1964, Raup 1947
Can.

HABITAT. Peaty, calcareous soil.

Status: Threatened in Colorado.

Carex microptera = C. macloviana

Carex oligosperma Michx.

(C. oligosperma Michx. var. churchilliana Ray.)

REFERENCE: CAN, JCR, WIN; Ritchie 1956a, 1956b,
1956c.

Rance: NWT, Alta-NB, NS-Lab; Minn-Ohio-Penn.

ManitoBa: Churchill, Tod Lake, Gemmell Lake and
Whiteshell Provincial Park.

Map: Hudson 1977 Sask.

HABITAT: Peat bogs.

Status: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories.
Endangered in Ohio, and rare in Connecticut, Illinois
and Indiana.

Carex oligosperma var. churchilliana = C.
oligosperma

Carex paleacea Wahl.
REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Scho-
field 1959.
Rance: NWT, nMan-Lab; Me.
MANITOBA: York Factory.
Map: Hulten 1958, Potter 1932, Raymond 1951b eNA.
HABITAT: Coastal salt marshes.

Carex pauciflora Lightf.
REFERENCE: CAN, WIN: Boivin 1967-79.
Rance: Alas, BC-Alta, nMan-NB, NS-Lab; Wash, Minn-
Ind-Conn.
MANITOBA: Reindeer Lake.

Map: Hudson 1977 Sask, Hultén 1964, 1968, Ray-
mond 1950a eCan.

HABITAT: Peat bogs.

Status: Rare in Connecticut, Massachusetts and
Washington.

Carex physocarpa Presl.
(C. saxatilis L. var. major Olney)
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC-nMan-nQue, Lab; Wash-Colo-
Mont.

ManITOBA: Churchill area.
Map: Hultén 1964, 1968, Porsild 1964, Raup 1947.
Hasitat: Wet tundra.

Carex raymondii = C. atrata

ZA

Carex rufina Drej.

REFERENCE: CAN; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw & Morton
1976.

Rance: NWT, nMan.

ManitoBa: Nueltin Lake.

Map: Hultén 1958.

HABITAT: Rocky barrens and shores.

Status: Rare in Canada. |

Note: The only other stations known for this plant in
North America are a few in the Northwest
Territories.

Carex rupestris Bellardi
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.
RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC, swAlta, nMan, Que, Nfld-Lab;
Wyo, Utah-Colo.
ManitoBa: Seal River and Churchill.
Map: Hultén 1964, 1968, Porsild 1964 Can.
HABITAT: Rocky barrens.

Carex salina var. subspathacea = C. subspathacea
Carex saxatilis var. major = C. physocarpa

Carex stricta Lam. var. elongata (Bôck.) Gl.

(C. emoryi Dew.)

REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw
1976.

Rance: sMan; ND-Colo-Tex-Fla-NY.

MANITOBA: Pine Ridge and Roseile.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.

HaBiTAT: Marshes and wet ground.

Status: Rare in Canada, Colorado and New York.

Carex subspathacea Wormskj.
(C. salina Wahl. var. subspathacea Wormski.)
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, QK, WIN; Schofield 1959.
RANGE: Alas-NWT, nMan-Que, Lab.

ManiToBA: Churchill, La Pérouse Bay and York
Factory.
Map: Hultén 1964, 1968, Porsild 1964, Schofield
1959.

HABITAT: Coastal salt marshes.
Status: Rare in the Yukon.

Carex tetanica var. woodii = C. woodii

Carex ursina Dew.
REFERENCE. CAN; Boivin 1967-79.
Rance: Alas-NWT, nMan, nQue, Lab.
ManitoBa: Churchill.
Map: Hultén 1964, 1968, Porsild 1964.
HABITAT: Saline shores.
STATUS: Rare in the Yukon.

Carex williamsii = C. capillaris var. williamsii

22

Carex woodii Dew. Chenopodium subglabrum (Wats.) Nels.

(C. tetanica Schkuhr var. woodii (Dew.) Wood)
REFERENCE: CAN; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw 1976.
RANGE: swMan-Ont; Minn-Mo-WVa-Conn.

MANITOBA: Brandon.

HABITAT: Dry calcareous woods.

STATUS: Rare in Canada. Endangered in Missouri and
North Carolina, and rare in Connecticut, Indiana,
lowa, Massachusetts and New Hampshire.

Note: This plant has not been collected in the prov-
ince since 1880.

Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.

REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN, WIN; Shay 1974.

Rance: seMan-NB, NS; ND-Kans-SC.

MANITOBA: Portage la Prairie to Waugh.

Map: Dore 1964 Ont, Lloyd & Lloyd 1931, McGregor &
Barkley 1977 cUS.

Hasitat: Rich woods.

Status: Threatened in Nova Scotia. Endangered in
South Dakota, threatened in Rhode Island and
South Carolina, and rare in Kansas and North
Dakota.

Ceanothus herbaceus Raf.

(C. ovatus Desf.)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.

RANGE: seMan-swQue; Mont-Tex-Ga-Me.

MANITOBA: Pine Falls to Winnipeg to Piney.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Semi-open, sandy places.

STATUS: Rare in Illinois, Indiana, New York, South Da-
kota, Vermont and Wyoming.

Ceanothus ovatus = C. herbaceus

Celtis occidentalis L.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; IBP-CT 1974, Shay 1974.
RANGE: scMan-swQue; ND-eMont-Wyo-Okla-Ala-NC-New
England. |

MaNitoBa: Delta Marsh.

Map: Fowells 1965, Hosie 1969, Little 1971, McGregor
& Barkley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Well drained sand and gravel beach ridges.

Status: Rare in New Hampshire and Wyoming.

Cerastium alpinum L.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, QK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

RANGE: NWT, neSask-nMan-nQue, Nfld-Lab.

ManiToBa: Churchill and La Pérouse Bay.

Map: Hultén 1956, 1958, Maher et al. 1979 Sask,
Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Gravelly tundra.

STATUS: Rare in Ontario and Saskatchewan.

Ceratophyllum echinatum Gray

REFERENCE: CAN.

RANGE: SBC, seMan-NB, NS; widespread US.
MaNnitoBa: Whiteshell Provincial Park.
HABITAT: Shallow waters.

Status: Rare in Ontario.

Chenopodium leptophyllum var. subglabrum = C.
subglabrum

(C. leptophyllum (Moq.) Wats. var. subglabrum
Wats.)

REFERENCE: DAO; Boivin 1967-79.

RANGE: swSask-swMan-swOnt; eWash-Ore-Mo-ND.
ManitoBa: Oak Lake area.

Map: Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT. Active sand dunes.

STATUS: Rare in Saskatchewan and Wyoming.

Chrysanthemum arcticum L. ssp. polare Hult.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie
1956a, Schofield 1959.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, nMan-nQue.
MANITOBA: Seal River to York Factory.
Map: Hultén 1968, 1971.

HABITAT: Marine shores.

STATUS: Rare in Ontario and the Yukon.

Chrysanthemum bipinnatum ssp. huronense =

Tanacetum huronense

Circaea lutetiana L. ssp. canadensis (L.) Aschers &

Magnes

(C. quadrisulcata (Max.) Franch. & Sav. var.
canadensis (L.) Hara)

REFERENCE: WIN.

RANGE: seMan-NB, NS; ND-Okla-Ga-Me.

MANITOBA: Lac du Bonnet.

Map: Hultén 1958, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.
HABITAT: Rich woods.

STATUS: Threatened in South Carolina and rare in
Georgia.

Circaea quadrisulcata var. canadensis = C. lutetiana

ssp. Canadensis

Cirsium discolor (Muhl.) Spreng.

REFERENCE: DAO, MMMN, WIN: Boivin 1967-79.

RANGE: SMan-swQue; Minn-Neb-Ark-New England.

ManITOBA: Turtle Mountain and Emerson.

Map: Frankton & Moore 1963 Can, McGregor & Bark-
ley 1977 cUS, Moore & Frankton 1974 Can.

HABITAT: Wet meadows and shores.

Note: The Turtle Mountain record is based on a 1976
collection in MMMN and not on the 1875 Dawson
record discounted by Boivin (1967-79).

Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.

REFERENCE: DAO; Boivin 1967-79, Moore & Frankton
1974.

RANGE: BC-swMan: Wash-Ariz-Tex-Mo-Minn.
MANITOBA: Souris River.

Map: Frankton & Moore 1961, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cUS, Moore & Frankton 1974 Can.

HABITAT: Prairies, grasslands and roadsides.

Clematis virginiana L.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.

Rance: sMan-NS; ND-Okla-La-Ga-New England.

ManITOBA: Brandon, Roseau River and Whiteshell Pro-
vincial Park.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.

HasBitaT: Thickets and forest edges.

Status: Rare in Oklahoma.

Cochlearia officinalis L.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie
1956a, Schofield 1959.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC, nMan-Que, Nfld-Lab.

ManitoBa: Seal River, Churchill and La Pérouse Bay.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild
1964.

HABITAT: Saline shores.

STATUS: Rare in the Yukon.

Collinsia parviflora Lindl.

REFERENCE: DAO, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.

Rance: Alas-YT, BC-Sask, seMan, cOnt; Wash-Cal-Colo,
Mich, Vt.

ManitoBa: Mantario Lake to High Lake.

Map: Hulten 1968, Maher et al. 1979 Sask, McGregor
& Barkley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Hillsides and lakeshores.

Status: Rare in Ontario, Saskatchewan and the Yu-
kon. Threatened in Michigan and rare in Vermont.

Conopholis americana (L.) Wallr.

REFERENCE: DAO; Boivin 1967-79.

RANGE: SMan-Que, NS; Wisc-Ala-Fla-Me.

MANITOBA: Rathwell.

Map: Haynes 1971.

HABITAT: Woods, parasitic on tree roots.

Note: Rare in Canada, Illinois, New Hampshire and
Rhode Island.

Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.

REFERENCE: CAN, WIN.

RANGE: BC-swMan-swQue; Mont-Tex-Ga-NJ.
MANITOBA: Deloraine.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS, Smith & Parker
1971.

HABITAT: Grassy clearings.
Status: Rare in Minnesota.

Cornus rugosa Lam.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN, WNRE; Lôve &
Bernard 1959.

Rance: seMan-NB, NS; Minn-ill-Va-New England.

ManitoBa: Victoria Beach to Whiteshell Provincial Park
(Falcon Lake).

Map: Little 1976b.
HABITAT: Rich woods.
Status: Rare in Indiana and Rhode Island.

23

Coryphantha vivipara (Nutt.) Britt. & Brown

(Mamillaria vivipara (Nutt.) Haw.)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN, UWPG; IBP-CT
1974.

Rance: sAlta-swMan; Mont-Tex-Minn.

MaNiToBA: Hartney to Carberry.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Dry plains and sandhills.

STATUS: Threatened in Colorado and rare in
Minnesota.

Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.

Rance: sMan-NB; ND-Tex-Fla-Me.

MANITOBA: Portage la Prairie to Morden.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS, Rodgers 1950
seUS.

HABITAT: Rich damp woods.

Status: Endangered in Florida and Maine, and rare in
South Dakota.

Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN, UWPG; Kershaw
1976.

RANGE: sMan-swQue; ND-NM-Tex-Ark-Wisc.

ManitoBa: Grande Clarière to Spruce Woods Provincial
Park.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Sandy places.

Cyperus houghtonii Torr.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN.

RANGE: seMan-swQue; Minn-lll-Penn-Mass.

ManiToBa: Victoria Beach to Marchand.

HABITAT: Sandy soil.

Status: Rare in Ontario. Possibly extirpated in Maine,
threatened in Pennsylvania, and rare in Indiana, Min-
nesota, New Hampshire and Vermont.

Cyperus strigosus L.
REFERENCE: DAO, WIN.
RANGE: scSask-swMan-swQue; widespread US.
MANITOBA: Wawanesa to near the Ontario boundary.
Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.
HABITAT: Wet meadows and shores.
Status: Rare in Saskatchewan.

Cypripedium arietinum R. Br.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79,
Johnson 1975, Shay 1974.

RANGE: CSask-wc&seMan-sQue, NS; Minn-Mich, NY-
Me.

MANITOBA: Lake Winnipegosis to Whiteshell Provincial
Park (West Hawk Lake).

Map: Ayensu 1975 US, Case 1964 Great Lakes, Luer
1975, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT: Open coniferous woods.

STATUS: Endangered in Saskatchewan and rare in
Canada. Threatened in the United States (Ayensu
and Defilipps 1978). Possibly extirpated in Connecti-
cut, endangered in Wisconsin, threatened in Michi-
gan, and rare in Maine, Massachusetts, New Hamp-
shire and Vermont.

Note: Protected under CITES (Argus 1978).

24

Cypripedium candidum Muhl.

REFERENCE: DAO, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Cline
1974, Kershaw et al. 1976, Shay 1974.

RANGE: seSask-sMan-sOnt; ND-Neb-Mo-Conn.

ManitosBa: Brandon and Woodlands.

Map: Ayensu 1975 US, Luer 1975, Maher et al. 1979
Sask, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Marshy grasslands.

STATUS: Rare in Canada. Threatened in the United
States (Ayensu & Defilipps 1978). Probably extir-
pated in Pennsylvania, endangered in Ohio, South
Dakota and Wisconsin, threatened in Illinois, Ken-
tucky and Michigan, and rare in Montana, New York
and North Dakota.

Note: Protected under CITES (Argus 1978) and the
Ontario Endangered Species Act.

Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahl.) Scheele

(Vahlodea atropurpurea (Wahl.) E. Fries)

REFERENCE: CAN.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, swAlta, nMan, nOnt, Que, Nfld-Lab;
Wash-Cal, Mont-Colo, NY-Me.

MANITOBA: Baralzon Lake.

Map: Hultén 1958, 1968.

HABITAT: Dry rocky tundra.

Status: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories,
Ontario, the Yukon, California, New Hampshire and
New York.

Descurainia sophioides (Fisch.) O. E. Schulz
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN.
RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC, nMan.
ManiToBA: Churchill and York Factory.
Map: Detling 1939, Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964.
HABITAT: Damp soil.

Diapensia lapponica L.

REFERENCE: CAN, JCR, MMMN.

Rance: Alas, NWT, nMan, Que, NS-Lab; NY-Me.

MANITOBA: Baralzon Lake, Nejanilini Lake and Caribou
Lake.

Map: Hultén 1958, 1968, Porsild 1955, 1958, 1964.

HABITAT: Dry rocky barrens.

STATUS: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories
and Nova Scotia. Threatened in Vermont, and rare
in Maine, New Hampshire and New York.

Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh.

REFERENCE: MMMN.

Rance: seMan-NS; Wash-Ore-lda, ND-Okla-SC-Me.

ManITOBA: Whitemouth Lake.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS, Stern 1961,
Wood 1972.

HABITAT: Rich deciduous woods.

Status: Threatened in South Carolina, and rare in Ala-
bama, Georgia, Idaho, North Dakota, Oklahoma,
Oregon and Washington.

Dichanthelium oligosanthes var. wilcoxianum =
Panicum wilcoxianum

Draba alpina L.
REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
RANGE: Alas-NWT, nBC, nMan-nwQue.
ManitoBa: Churchill and La Pérouse Bay.
Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964.
HasBitat: Moist tundra and gravelly barrens.
STATUS: Rare in Ontario.

Draba aurea Vahl

REFERENCE: CAN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-nMan-Que, Lab; Wash-Ariz-NM-
Mont.

ManitoBa: Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1968, Porsild 1966 Can.

HABITAT: Gravelly slopes.

STATUS: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories,
Ontario and Washington.

Draba cana Rydb.

(D. lanceolata auct.)

REFERENCE: MMMN, WIN; Kershaw 1976, Kershaw &
Morton 1976, Ritchie 1956a.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-nwSask, nMan-NB; Wash-Utah-
Colo, Mich-Me.

ManitoBa: Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1968, Maher et al. 1979 Sask, Mulligan
1971 Can, Raup 1947 Can.

HABITAT: Calcareous gravels.

STATUS: Rare in Ontario, Saskatchewan, Maine, New
Hampshire, Vermont and Wisconsin.

Draba fladnizensis var. heterotricha = D. lactea

Draba glabella Pursh

(D. hirta auct.)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC-Alta, nMan-NB, NS-Lab; dis} Wyo-
Colo, NY.

ManitosBa: Seal River to Cape Churchill, Gillam.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Mulligan 1970 Can, Porsild
1964 Can, Raup 1947 Can.

HABITAT: Cliff ledges and talus slopes.

Status: Rare in Alberta, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Colo-
rado, New York and Wyoming.

Draba hirta = D. glabella

Draba incana L.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
Rance: NWT, nMan-Lab; nMich, Vt.
ManitoBa: Churchill.
Map: Hultén 1958, Mulligan 1970.
HABITAT: Gravel ridges.
Status: Rare in Ontario and threatened in Michigan.

Draba lactea Adams

(D. fladnizensis Wulf. var. heterotricha (Lindbl.)
Ball)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Kershaw 1976,
Kershaw & Morton 1976, Ritchie 1956a.

Rance: Alas-NWT, nMan, Que-NB, NS-Lab.

Manitosa: Churchill area.

Map: Hultén 1958, 1968, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Rocky exposed areas.

Draba lanceolata = D. cana

Draba nivalis Liljebl.
REFERENCE: DAO, MMMN, WIN.
Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-Alta, nMan-Que, Nfld-Lab.
ManitoBaA: Churchill.
Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Mulligan 1974 and Porsild
1964.
HagiraT: Rocky exposed areas.
Status: Rare in Ontario.

Drosera linearis Goldie

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, HALC, MMMN; Boivin 1967-79.

Rance: BC-Que, Nfld; Minn-Mich, Me.

ManitoBa: Easterville Road, God's River and Roseau
River.

Map: Maher et al. 1979 Sask, Wynne 1944.

HABITAT: Calcareous fens.

STATUS: Rare in Alberta, Ontario and Saskatchewan.
Endangered in Minnesota and Wisconsin, and rare in
Maine.

Dryas integrifolia Vahl

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, OK, WIN; Ritchie
1956a.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, eBC-swAlta, nMan-NB, Nfld-Lab.

MANITOBA: Seal River, Churchill, and La Pérouse Bay.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1947, 1964, Savile
1961, Young 1971.

HABITAT: Rock outcrops and gravel ridges.

Status: Rare in Ontario.

Dryopteris phegopteris = Phegopteris connectilis

Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britt.
REFERENCE: DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.

RANGE: BC, seMan-Nfld; Wash-Cal-Mont, Minn-Tex-Fla-
Me.

ManitoBa: Whiteshell Provincial Park.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS, Wood 1972.
HABITAT: Swamps and pond margins.

Status: Rare in lowa.

Dupontia fisheri var. aristata = D. fisheri ssp.
psilosantha

Dupontia fisheri R. Br. ssp. psilosantha (Rupr.) Hult.

(D. fisheri R. Br. var. aristata Malte & Polunin)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, QK, WIN; Schofield 1959.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, nMan-Que, Lab.

ManiToBa: Churchill, La Pérouse Bay and York
Factory.

Map: Hultén 1964, 1968, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Saltwater marshes.

Status: Rare in Ontario and the Yukon.

Elatine americana = E. triandra var. americana

20

Elatine triandra Schkuhr var. americana (Pursh)
Fassett

(E. americana (Pursh) Arnott)
REFERENCE: DAO, WIN; Love & Bernard 1959.
RANGE: seMan-NB; Kans-Va-Me.
ManitoBa: Otterburne.

Map: Fassett 1939b, Hultén 1971, Love & Bernard
1959 Man.

HABITAT: Shallow water and mud flats.

STATUS: Rare in Massachusetts and endangered in
Missouri.

Eleocharis engelmani = E. ovata
Eleocharis obtusa = E. ovata

Eleocharis ovata (Roth) R. & S.
(E. engelmani Steud., E. obtusa (Willd.) Schultes)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO; Léve & Bernard 1959.

RANGE: BC-sMan-Nfld; Wash-Cal-Tex-Ga-Me.

Manitosa: Killarney, Hecla Island and Otterburne.

Map: Lôve & Bernard 1959 Man, Maher et al. 1979
Sask, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS, Svenson 1939.

HABITAT: Wet muddy places.

STATUS: Rare in Saskatchewan. Endangered in Wiscon-
sin, and rare in Indiana, lowa, Massachusetts, Michi-
gan and South Dakota.

Note: Possibly adventive in Manitoba (Boivin 1967-
79).

Elymus arenarius ssp. mollis = E. mollis

Elymus hystrix L.

(Hystrix patula Moench)

REFERENCE: DAO.

RANGE: SMan-wNB, cNS; ND-Okla-Ga-Me.

MaNiToBA: Roseisle and Miami.

Map: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 US, McGregor & Bark-
ley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Rich moist woods.

Status: Rare in Nova Scotia. Endangered in South
Dakota and rare in Oklahoma.

Elymus mollis Trin.

(E. arenarius L. ssp. mollis (Trin.) Hult.)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie
1956a, Schofield 1959.

Rance: nAlas-NWT, BC, neAlta-Sask, nMan, Ont-Lab;
Wash-Cal, Minn-Mich, New England.

MANITOBA: Seal River to La Pérouse Bay, York Factory
and Gillam.

Map: Bowden 1957, Hultén 1964, 1968, Meusel et al.
1965, Porsild 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Saline shores.

Status: Rare in Alberta, Ontario and the Yukon.
Threatened in Michigan and rare in New Hampshire.

26

Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. glandulosum (Lehm.)

Hoch & Raven
(E. glandulosum Lehm.)

REFERENCE: GH.

Rance: Alta, Sask, nMan, Ont, NS; Wash-Cal-Mont,
nMinn-Wisc, Vt-Me.

ManitoBa: York Factory.

Map: Hultén 1968.

HABITAT: Wet ground.

Epilobium davuricum Fisch.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO.
Rance: Alas-NWT, BC, nMan-Que, Nfld.
ManitoBa: MacBride River, Churchill and Gillam.
Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964, Raup 1947.
HABITAT: Damp tundra.

Epilobium paniculatum Nutt.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO.
Rance: BC-sMan, introduced Ont-swQue; Wash-Cal-
NM-SD.
ManitoBa: Miniota to Virden, Stony Mountain to
Selkirk.
HABITAT: Open ground and disturbed areas.

Erigeron caespitosus Nutt.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN.
RANGE: Alas-YT, BC-swMan; Wash-Ariz-Neb-ND.
MANITOBA: St. Lazare to Brandon.
Map: Hultén 1968, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.
HABITAT: Sandy hillsides and prairies.

Erigeron humilis = E. uniflorus var. unalaschkensis

Erigeron uniflorus L. var. unalaschkensis (DC.) Boivin

(E. humilis Graham)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO; Ritchie 1956a.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC-Alta, nMan, Que, Lab; nwMont,
Wyo, Colo.

ManitoBa: Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1958, 1968.

HABITAT: Damp sand.

Status: Rare in Colorado and Wyoming.

Eriocaulon septangulare With.
REFERENCE: MMMN, WIN.
RaNGE: seMan-Lab; Minn-Ind-NC-New England.
MANITOBA: Wallace Lake.
Map: Hultén 1958, Kral 1966 US, McLaughlin 1932.
HABITAT: Shallow water of sandy lakeshores.
Status: Rare in North Carolina.

Eriophorum callitrix Cham.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-wAlta, nMan, Nfld-Lab; swMont.

ManitoBa: Churchill

Map: Hultén 1964, 1968, Packer & Vitt 1974, Porsild
1964 Can, Raymond 1951c.

HABITAT: Dry sphagnum bogs.

Status: Rare in Alberta.

Euphorbia geyeri Engelm.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Kershaw 1976.

RANGE: SwMan; ND-Colo-Tex-lll-Minn.

ManitoBa: St. Lazare, Grande Clariére and Rathwell.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS, Wheeler 1941
US:

HABITAT. Active sand dunes.

STATUS: Rare in Canada. Endangered in Missouri and
rare in Minnesota.

Euphrasia vinacea Sell & Yeo
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO; Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Mor-
ton 1976, Sell & Yeo 1970.
RANGE: nMan-neOnt.
ManiToBa: Churchill and York Factory.
HABITAT: Clay flats along the coast.
STATUS: Rare in Canada.
Note: Endemic to Hudson Bay.

Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq.
REFERENCE: MMMN, WIN.
RANGE: sYT, Alta-sMan; Wash-Cal-Tex-ND.
ManitoBa: Virden and Pembina Hills.
Map: Billings 1949, Hultén 1968, Neilson 1968.
HABITAT: Dry prairie.
STATUS: Rare in the Yukon.

Festuca obtusa Biehler
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN.
Rance: sMan-NB, NS; ND-Tex-Fla-Me.
ManitoBa: Winnipeg and Babcock.
Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.

HaBiTaT: Moist woods.
Status: Rare in Nova Scotia.

Franseria acanthicarpa = Ambrosia acanthicarpa

Galium aparine L.

REFERENCE: DAO, WIN.

Rance: Alas, BC-sMan-NB, NS, Nfld; Wash-Cal-Tex-Ga-
Me.

MaNitoBa: Delta and Winnipeg.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, McGregor & Barkley 1977
cUS.

HABITAT: Moist woods.

Gentiana linearis var. latifolia = G. rubricaulis
Gentiana propinqua = Gentianella propinqua

Gentiana rubricaulis Schwein.

(G. linearis Froel. var. latifolia Gray)

REFERENCE: DAO, WIN, WNRE; Shay 1974.

RANGE: SMan-Ont, NB; Minn-Mich, Me.

ManitoBa: Riding Mountain National Park to Shoal
Lake.

Map: Gillett 1963, Pringle 1967, 1968 Can.

HABITAT: Open marshes and wet meadows.

STATUS: Possibly extirpated in Maine.

Gentianella propinqua (Richards.) J. M. Gillett
(Gentiana propinqua Richards.)
REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN, WIN; Shay 1974.
Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-Alta, nMan-Que, Nfld-Lab; Mont.
ManitosBa: Churchill and York Factory.
Map: Gillett 1957, 1963, Hultén 1968, Raup 1947 Can.
HABITAT: Damp sands and gravels along the coast.

Gerardia aspera = Agalinis aspera
Gerardia tenuifolia = Agalinis tenuifolia

Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin.
REFERENCE: MMMN.
Rance: ecSask, seMan-Lab; Minn-lll-NC-Me.
ManitoBa: Wallace Lake.
Map: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 US, Maher et al. 1979
Sask.
Hasitat: Marshes.
STATUS: Rare in Saskatchewan and Illinois.

Goodyera tesselata Lodd.

REFERENCE: MMMN.

Rance: eMan-Nfld; Minn-Md-Me.

MANITOBA: Family Lake and Wallace Lake.

Map: Case 1964 Great Lakes, Kallunki 1976, Luer
1975.

HABITAT: Rich mixed woods.

Status: Endangered in Vermont, threatened in Rhode
Island, and rare in western New York.

Note: Protected under CITES (Argus 1978).

Habenaria hookeri = Platanthera hookeri
Habenaria lacera = Platanthera lacera
Hammarbya paludosa = Malaxis paludosa

Hedeoma hispida Pursh.
REFERENCE: DAO; Boivin 1967-79.
RANGE: sAlta-seMan-swQue; Mont-Tex-Miss-NY.
MANITOBA: Whiteshell Provincial Park (Falcon Lake).
Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.
HABITAT: Wind eroded hillsides and steppes.
Status: Rare in lowa.

Heliotropium curassavicum L.
REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN, WIN.
RANGE: sAlta-swMan; widespread US.
ManiToBA: Lyleton to Deleau.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.
HABITAT: Alkaline shores.

Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker

REFERENCE: DAO.

Rance: sMan-NB, NS; Minn-Mo-Fla-Me.

ManitosBa: Notre Dame de Lourdes.

Map: Hultén 1958, Meusel et al. 1965.

HABITAT: Rich woods.

Status: Threatened in Nova Scotia. Endangered in
Florida and rare in Rhode Island.

27

Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM.

REFERENCE: WIN.

RANGE: SMan-swQue; Wash-nCal, Ariz, Tex-Fla-Me.

ManitoBa: Pine Dock Beach, La Salle River and
Bissett.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS, USDA 1970 US.

HABITAT: Streams and quiet waters.

Status: Endangered in North Carolina, and rare in
Maine and New Hampshire.

Hierochloe alpina (Sw.) R. & S.

REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN, WIN.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-wAlta, nMan, Que, Nfld-Lab; NY-
Me.

MANITOBA: Baralzon Lake and Seal River.

Map: Hadac 1960, Hultén 1964, 1968, Porsild 1964
Can.

HaBiTAT: Meadows and rocky tundra.

STATUS: Rare in Alberta, New Hampshire, New York
and Vermont.

Hierochloe pauciflora R. Br.
REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN.
Rance: Alas-NWT, nMan-Que, Lab.
MANITOBA: Seal River and Churchill.
Map: Hultén 1964, 1968, Porsild 1964.
HABITAT: Wet mossy tundra.
Status: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories,
Ontario and the Yukon.

Hippuris tetraphylla L. f.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie
1956a, Schofield 1959.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC, nMan-Que, Lab.

MANITOBA: Seal River to Cape Churchill, York Factory.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971.

HABITAT: Wet, sandy marine shores.

Status: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories
and the Yukon.

Honckenya peploides = Arenaria peploides

Hudsonia tomentosa Nutt.

REFERENCE: WIN.

Rance: NWT, Alta-sMan-NS, Lab; Minn-NC-Me.

ManitoBa: Kettle Hills, Victoria Beach to Sandilands
Forest Reserve.

HABITAT: Sand dunes.

Status: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories
and Nova Scotia. Endangered in North Carolina, and
rare in Connecticut, Illinois, Minnesota, New Hamp-
shire, Rhode Island, Vermont and West Virginia.

Hypopitys monotropa = Monotropa hypopitys
Hystrix patula = Elymus hystrix

Impatiens noli-tangere L.
REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN.
RANGE: Alas, BC-wMan; Wash-Ore.
MANITOBA: Wilkins Point and Duck Mountain Provincial
Park.
Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Ornduff 1967.
HaBiTAT: Damp thickets.

28

Juncus biglumis L.

REFERENCE: CAN; Boivin 1967-79.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC, wAlta, nMan, nOnt, nQue, Lab;
Wyo, Colo.

ManITOBA: Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1964, 1968, Porsild 1964 Can, Young
1971 Can.

HABITAT: Wet tundra.

STATUS: Rare in Colorado and Wyoming.

Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller

(K. polifolia Wang. ssp. microphylla (Hook.) Calder
& Taylor)
REFERENCE: CAN, WIN.
Rance: YT-NWT, BC-Alta, nMan; Wash-Cal, Wyo-Colo.
ManitoBa: Churchill.
Map: Hultén 1968.
HABITAT: Bogs and pond margins.

Kalmia polifolia ssp. microphylla = K. microphylla

Kobresia simpliciuscula (Wahl.) Mack.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC, swAlta, nMan-Que, Nfld-Lab;
Ore, Ida, Colo.

ManitosBa: Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1958, 1968, Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild
1964 Can.

HABITAT: Tundra and gravelly places.

Status: Rare in Ontario, Colorado and Oregon.

Koenigia islandica L.

REFERENCE: CAN; Schofield 1959.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC, wAlta, nMan, nOnt, nQue, Lab;
Mont, Colo.

Manitosa: Churchill.

Map: Cody 1971, Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964
Can, Schofield 1959.

HABITAT: Wet places.

STATUS: Rare in Alberta, the continental Northwest
Territories, Ontario and Colorado.

Krigia biflora (Walt.) Blake

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw 1976.

RANGE: sMan-swOnt; Minn-Ariz-Mo-Ga-Mass.

MANITOBA: Teulon.

HABITAT: Open sandy woods.

Status: Rare in Canada, Colorado and Mississippi.

Note: This plant has not been collected in the prov-
ince since 1929.

Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn.

REFERENCE: DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw 1976,
Love & Bernard 1959.

RANGE: seMan-swOnt; SD-Tex-Fla-Mass.

ManitoBa: Otterburne.

Map: Love & Bernard 1959 Man, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cUS, Radloff 1961 US.

HABITAT: Thickets and forest margins.

Status: Rare in Canada and Minnesota.

Lesquerella arctica (Wormskj.) Wats.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
Rance: Alas-NWT, BC, swAlta, nMan, Que, Nfld-Lab.
MANITOBA: Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964, Wood 1972.
HABITAT: Calcareous barrens.

Linum lepagei = L. lewisii ssp. lepagei

Linum lewisii Pursh ssp. lepagei (Boivin) Mosquin

(L. lepagei Boivin)
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
Rance: NWT, nMan-nOnt.
ManitosBa: Churchill.
Map: Mosquin 1971.
HABITAT: Sandy marine shorelines.
STATUS: Rare in Ontario.
Note: Endemic to Hudson Bay.

Listera auriculata Wieg.

REFERENCE: DAO; Whiting & Catling 1977.

RANGE: wWMan, Ont-Que, Nfld-Lab; Minn-Mich, Vt, NY,
Me.

ManitoBa: Duck Mountain Provincial Park.

Map: Case 1964 Great Lakes, Luer 1975, Whiting &
Catling 1977 Can.

HABITAT: Acid soil, inundated in spring.

Status: Threatened in the United States (Ayensu &
DeFilipps 1978). Endangered in Wisconsin, and rare
in Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire,
New York and Vermont.

Note: Protected under CITES (Argus 1978).

Lobelia dortmanna L.

REFERENCE: MMMN, WIN.

RANGE: SBC, nAlta, nSask, seMan-Lab; Ore, Minn-Penn-
NJ-Me.

ManitoBa: Wallace Lake.

Map: Hultén 1968, McVaugh 1936.

HABITAT: Shallow water of sandy lakeshores.

Status: Rare in Alberta. Threatened in Pennsylvania
and rare in New Jersey.

Lomatium orientale C. & R.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw
1976.

RANGE: seSask-swMan; Mont-NM-Tex-Minn.

ManitoBa: Coulter to Aweme.

Map: Cash 1954, Maher et al. 1979 Sask, McGregor &
Barkley 1977 cUS.

Hasitat: Dry plains and bluffs.

STATUS: Rare in Canada and Minnesota.

Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Boivin 1967-
79, Ritchie 1956a, Schofield 1959, Shay 1974.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-n&wMan-Que, Nfld-Lab; Ida,
Wyo-Colo, Me.

ManiToBa: Churchill, La Pérouse Bay, York Factory
and Gilbert Plains.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964 Can, 1966 Can.

HABITAT: Wet alkaline soil.

Status: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories
and Maine.

Lonicera hirsuta Eaton var. schindleri Boivin
REFERENCE: DAO; Boivin 1967-79.
RANGE: seMan-Que; Minn-Neb-Ohio-New England.
Manitosa: Whiteshell Provincial Park (Falcon Lake).
HaBiTAT: Rocky woods.

Luzula spicata (L.) DC.

REFERENCE: CAN, WIN; Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Mor-
ton 1976.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-Alta, nMan, Que, NS-Lab; Wash-
Cal-NM-Mont, NY-Me.

ManitoBa: Nueltin Lake area.

Map: Hultén 1958, 1968, Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild
1964 Can, Raup 1947 Can.

HagiTaT: Moist cliff ledges and tundra.

STATUS: Rare in Nova Scotia, Maine and New
Hampshire.

Lychnis affinis = Melandrium affine
Lychnis apetala = Melandrium apetalum
Lychnis gillettii = Melandrium affine

Lycopodium lucidulum Michx.
REFERENCE: JCR.
Rance: sMan-Nfld; Minn-Mo-SC-Me.
MANITOBA: Riding Mountain National Park.
HaBiTAT: Moist woods.
Status: Rare in Arkansas, Illinois, lowa and Missouri.

Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh
REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN, UWPG.
RANGE: se&cMan-Nfld; Minn-Ala-Me.
ManITOBA: Cross Lake, Elk Island and Belair Forest
Reserve.
Map: Hultén 1958, Marie-Victorin 1932.
HABITAT: Dry woods and clearings.
Status: Rare in Missouri and western New York.

Lysimachia quadriflora Sims
(Steironema quadriflorum (Sims) Hitchc.)
REFERENCE: DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Love & Bernard
1959.
RANGE: seMan-swOnt; ND-Ark-Ga-Mass.
ManIToBA: Kleefeld.
Map: Love & Bernard 1959 Man, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cUS, Ray 1956.
HABITAT: Chernozem prairies.
Status: Rare in Minnesota, New York and West
Virginia.
Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. var. brachypoda (Gray)
Morris & Eames
REFERENCE: DAO, CAN, MMMN; Boivin 1967-79, Parker
1976, Shay 1974.
Rance: Alas, BC-wMan-NB, NS-Lab; Cal, Colo, Minn-lll-
NJ-Me.

29

ManitoBaA: Duck Mountain Provincial Park to
Treesbank.

Map: Case 1964 Great Lakes, Hultén 1964, 1968,
Luer 1975, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT: Damp woods and bogs.

Status: Rare in Alberta, Nova Scotia and Saskatche-
wan. Extirpated in Illinois, possibly extirpated in New
Hampshire, endangered in Colorado, threatened in
Wisconsin, and rare in California, Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts and New Jersey.

Note: Protected under CITES (Argus 1978).

Malaxis paludosa (L.) Sw.

(Hammarbya paludosa (L.) Ktze.)
REFERENCE: WIN; Boivin 1967-79, IBP-CT 1974, Parker
1976, Shay 1974.

RANGE: Alas-sNWT, nBC, Alta, cSask, wMan, Ont;
nMinn.

MANITOBA: Gilbert Plains.

Map: Case 1964 Great Lakes, Hultén 1958, 1968,
Luer 1975, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT: Wet sphagnum bogs.
Status: Rare in Canada and endangered in Minnesota.
Note: Protected under CITES (Argus 1978).

Malaxis unifolia Michx.

REFERENCE. CAN, MMMN; Boivin 1967-79, Shay 1974.
RANGE: seMan-Lab; Minn-Tex-Fla-Me.

ManitoBa: Sandilands Forest Reserve.

Map: Case 1964 Great Lakes, Luer 1975.

HABITAT: Bogs, woods and pond margins.

Status: Possibly extirpated in Illinois, and rare in Con-
necticut, Florida, Indiana, Massachusetts, New Jer-
sey and western New York.

Note: Protected under CITES (Argus 1978).

Mamillaria vivipara = Coryphantha vivipara

Matricaria ambigua (Ledeb.) Kryl.

(M. maritima L. var. nana (Hook.) Boivin,
Tripleurospermum phaeocephalum (Rupr.) Pobed.)
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie
1956a, Schofield 1959.

Rance: Alas-NWT, nMan-nQue, Lab.

MANITOBA: Seal River, Churchill, La Pérouse Bay and
York Factory.

Map: Hultén 1968, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Sandy marine coasts.

Matricaria maritima var. nana = M. ambigua

30

Melandrium affine (J. Vahl.) Hartm.
(Lychnis affinis J. Vahl, M. furcatum (Raf.) Hult., L.
gillettii Boivin, Silene involucrata (C. & S.) Bocq.)
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC-wAlta, nMan-nQue, Lab.
ManitoBa: Churchill.
Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964, Young 1971.
HABITAT: Damp tundra.
Status: Rare in Alberta.

Melandrium apetalum (L.) Fenzl.

(Lychnis apetala L., Silene walbergella Chowdhuri)

REFERENCE: DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC-Alta, nMan-nQue, Lab; Mont,
Utah-Colo.

ManitoBa: Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964 Can, Raup
1947 Can.

HABITAT: Wet tundra and gravelly places.

Status: Rare in Ontario.

Melandrium furcatum = M. affine

Mentzelia decapetala (Pursh) Urban & Gilg
REFERENCE: WIN; Boivin 1967-79.
Rance: Alta-sMan; Mont-Nev-Tex-lowa-ND.
MANITOBA: Boissevain.
Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.
HABITAT: Bare, wind-eroded soil.
STATUS: Rare in lowa.

Mertensia lanceolata Pursh
REFERENCE: MMMN, WIN.
RANGE: sAlta-wMan; Mont-Colo-ND.
MANITOBA: Minitonas and Lyleton.
Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.
HABITAT: Steppes.

Mertensia maritima (L.) S. F. Gray

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN: Ritchie 1956a,
Schofield 1959.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC, nMan-NB, NS-Lab; Mass, Me.

MANITOBA: Long Point and Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1958, 1968, Porsild 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Gravelly marine beaches.

STATUS: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories,
Ontario, the Yukon and Massachusetts.

Microseris cuspidata (Pursh) Schultz-Bip.

(Agoseris cuspidata (Pursh) Raf.)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO; Boivin 1967-79, Lôve & Ber-
nard 1959.

RANGE: sAlta-swMan; Mont-Tex-Ark-lll-Minn.

MANITOBA: Brandon and Souris River.

Map: Maher et al. 1979 Sask, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Prairie slopes.

STATUS: Rare in Canada. Threatened in Wisconsin, and
rare in Illinois, Minnesota and Missouri.

Mimulus glabratus HBK. var. fremontii (Benth.) Grant

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, de Vries
1971, Kershaw 1976, Shay 1974.

RANGE: seSask-sMan-Que; ND-Ariz-Tex-Mo-Mich.

MANITOBA: Shilo area.

Map: Maher et al. 1979 Sask, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cUS, Pennell 1935.

HABITAT: Shady boggy springs.

STATUS: Rare in Ontario, Saskatchewan, Illinois and
Missouri.

Minuartia rubella (Wahl.) Graebn.

(Arenaria rubella (Wahl.) Sm.)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC-nMan-Que, Nfld-Lab; Wash-Cal-
NM-Mont, SD, Vt.

MANITOBA: Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Maher et al. 1979 Sask,
Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Dry open slopes.

Status: Rare in Ontario, Saskatchewan, Idaho and
Vermont.

Minuartia stricta (Sw.) Hiern

(Arenaria uliginosa Schleich., A. stricta Michx. var.
uliginosa (Schleich.) Boivin)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, nMan-Que; Colo.

ManiToBa: Churchill and York Factory.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Moist tundra.

Status: Rare in Colorado.

Note: This plant has not been collected in the prov-
ince since 1930.

Monotropa hypopitys L.

(Hypopitys monotropa Crantz.)

REFERENCE: RMNP.

Rance: Alas, BC-swAlta, swSask, wMan, Ont-Nfld; wide-
spread US.

ManitoBa: Riding Mountain National Park.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT: Coniferous woods.

STATUS: Rare in Alberta and Saskatchewan. Endan-
gered in Georgia and Texas, and rare in Colorado,
Florida, Illinois, lowa, Kansas and Oregon.

Muhlenbergia andina (Nutt.) Hitchc.

REFERENCE: DAO; Kershaw 1976, Looman 1973.

RANGE: wWMan; Wash-Cal-Colo-Mont.

MANITOBA: Birch River and Duck Mountain Provincial
Park.

Map: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 US, Pohl 1969.

HABITAT: Moist meadows and lakeshores.

Status: Rare in Canada and Colorado.

Musineon divaricatum (Pursh) Nutt.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.

RANGE: sAlta-sMan; Mont-Colo-ND.

Map: Mathias 1930, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.
Hasitat: Dry hillsides.

Myosurus minimus L.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.

Rance: BC-sMan-sOnt; Wash-Cal-Tex-Ga-Va.

ManitoBa: Melita to Morden.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS, Meusel et al.
1965.

Hasitat: Calcareous or alkaline soils.

STATUS: Rare in Ontario, South Dakota and lowa.

Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC.

REFERENCE: CAN, WIN.

Rance: NWT, nSask-nw&seMan-NB, NS-Nfld; Minn-
Mich, NY-Me.

MaNitoBA: Cochrane’ River, Reindeer Lake and
Whiteshell Provincial Park (West Hawk Lake area).

Map: Hultén 1958, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT: Shallow lakes.

Status: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories,
Saskatchewan, Connecticut, Michigan, New Hamp-
shire and New York.

Nymphaea odorata Ait.

REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN, WIN.

RANGE: se&cMan-Nfld; Minn-Tex-Fla-Me.

MANITOBA: Minago River and Whiteshell Provincial Park
area.

HABITAT: Quiet waters.

Status: Rare in Illinois.

Oenothera perennis L.

REFERENCE: MMMN; Boivin 1967-79.

RANGE: SWBC, sMan-Nfld; Minn-Mo-SC-Me.

MANITOBA: Teulon.

Map: Straley 1977.

HABITAT: Gravelly prairies.

Status: Endangered in North Carolina, and rare in
Illinois and Missouri.

Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.

RANGE: BC-swMan; Wash-Cal-Tex-Minn.

MaNitoBa: St. Lazare to Lauder to Glenboro.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Dry hills and sand dunes, parasitic on
Artemisia.

Status: Rare in Alberta. Endangered in Missouri, and

rare in Illinois, lowa and Kansas.

Oryzopsis canadensis (Poir.) Torr.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN.

RaNGE: BC-wMan-Lab; Wyo, Minn-Mich, WVa, NY-Me.

ManiToBA: Duck Mountain Provincial Park, Qu'Appelle
River and Riding Mountain Provincial Park.

Map: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 US, Raymond 1953
eNA.

HABITAT: Thickets and woods.

Status: Rare in Alberta and Nova Scotia. Endangered
in Wisconsin, threatened in Michigan, and rare in
New Hampshire and New York.

91

Oryzopsis hymenoides (R. & S.) Ricker

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN.

RANGE: seBC-swMan; Wash-Cal-Tex-ND.

MANITOBA: St. Lazare to Glenboro.

Map: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 US, Johnson 1945,
McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS, Ramaley 1939.

HABITAT: Dry prairie and sandhills.

STATUS: Rare in Minnesota.

Oryzopsis micrantha (Trin. & Rupr.) Thurb.

REFERENCE: DAO, WIN, UWPG.

RANGE: BC-swMan; Mont-Nev-NM-ND.

MANITOBA: Routledge to Spruce Woods Provincial Park.

Map: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 US, McGregor & Bark-
ley 1977 cUS, Shechter & Johnson 1968.

HABITAT: Open woods and rocky ridges or slopes.

Status: Rare in Alberta. Probably extirpated in Texas,
and rare in California and Oklahoma.

Osmorhiza claytoni (Michx.) Clarke

REFERENCE: WIN.

RANGE: seMan-Nfld; Minn-Kans-Ark-NC-Me.

MANITOBA: Pinawa.

Map: Constance & Shan 1948, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cUS.

HABITAT. Deciduous woods.

STATUS: Rare in Kansas.

Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) Koch

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO; Boivin 1967-79, Shay 1974.

RANGE: SMan-NB, NS; ND-Wyo-Tex-Fla-Me.

MANITOBA: Morden and Whiteshell Provincial Park (Fal-
con Lake).

Map: Hosie 1969 Can, Little 1971, McGregor & Bark-
ley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Rich woods.

STATUS: Rare in Wyoming.

Oxytropis bellii (Britt.) Palibine

REFERENCE: CAN.

RANGE: NWT, nMan, nQue.

MANITOBA: Long Point and Churchill.

Map: Barneby 1952, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Gravel bars and tundra.

STATUS: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories.
Note: Endemic to Hudson Bay.

Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC. var. johannensis Fern.

(O. johannensis (Fern.) Fern.)

REFERENCE: DAO; Ritchie 1956a.

Rance: NWT, nMan, Que, NB, NS-Lab; Me.

MANITOBA: Churchill.

Map: Barneby 1952, Fassett 1939a, Meusel et al.
1965, Raymond 1950b eNA.

HABITAT: Tundra.

Status: Rare in Nova Scotia, Ontario and Maine.

Oxytropis johannensis = O. campestris var.

johannensis

32

Oxytropis sericea Nutt.

(O. spicata (Hook.) Standl.)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO.

RANGE: sAlas-NWT, BC-swMan; Mont-Nev-Tex-SD.

ManitosBa: St. Lazare.

Map: Barneby 1952, Hulten 1968, McGregor & Bark-
ley 1977 cUS, Welsh 1960 cUS.

HABITAT: Prairie slopes and sandhills.

Status: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories
and the Yukon.

Oxytropis spicata = O. sericea

Panicum linearifolium Scribn.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN.

Rance: seMan-Que, NS; Wisc-Tex-Ga-Me.

MANITOBA: Quesnel Lake to Whiteshell Provincial Park.
Map: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 US.

Hasitat: Dry open woods.

Pedicularis lapponica L.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

RanGe: Alas-NWT, nMan-Que, Lab.

ManNITOBA: Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964, Young 1971.
HABITAT: Rocky tundra.

Status: Rare in Ontario and the Yukon.

Pedicularis macrodonta Richards.

(P. parviflora auct.)

REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN, WIN.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC, cAlta, Sask, n&wMan, Ont, Que.

ManitoBa: York Factory and Cowan.

Map: Hultén 1968, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT: Wet bogs and meadows.

STATUS: Rare in Alberta, the continental Northwest
Territories, Saskatchewan and the Yukon.

STATUS: Threatened in North Carolina and rare in

Pedicularis parviflora = P. macrodonta
Kansas.

Pellaea glabella var. nana = P. glabella var.

i ME : :
Panicum perlongum Nas entails

REFERENCE: DAO; Kershaw 1976.

Rance: SMan-w&sOnt; ND-Tex-Ark-Minn. : :
Pellaea glabella Mett. var. occidentalis (E. Nels.)

ManitoBa: Sydney, Sandilands Forest Reserve and
Whiteshell Provincial Park.

Map: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 US, McGregor & Bark-
ley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Dry prairies and open woods.

STATUS: Rare in Canada.

Panicum wilcoxianum Vasey
(Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schultes) Gould var.
wilcoxianum (Vasey) Gould & Clarke)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN.

RANGE: cAlta-swMan; Mont-NM-III-Minn.

MANITOBA: St. Lazare to Lyleton to Camp Shilo.

Map: Gould & Clarke 1978, Hitchcock & Chase 1950
US, Maher et al. 1979 Sask, McGregor & Barkley
l9772cUS;

HABITAT: Dry prairie, sandhills and sandy clearings.

STATUS: Rare in Canada, Colorado and Minnesota.

Parnassia parviflora DC.

REFERENCE: DAO.

RANGE: BC-nMan-Que, PEl-Lab; Utah, Colo, SD, lowa,
Wisc-Mich.

MANITOBA: Gillam.

HABITAT. Wet meadows and shorelines.

Status: Rare in Nova Scotia, lowa and Wisconsin.

Pedicularis flammea L.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN: Ritchie 1956a.

RANGE: NWT, wAlta, nMan-Que, Nfld-Lab.

MANITOBA: Seal River and Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1958, 1968, Packer & Vitt 1974, Porsild
1964.

HagiTaT: Wet tundra and exposed gravelly places.

STATUS: Rare in Alberta, the continental Northwest
Territories and Ontario.

Butters
(P. glabella Mett. var. nana (Rich.) Cody)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN.

RANGE: NWT, Alta-s&wMan; Mont-Wyo-ND.

MANITOBA: Athapapuskow Lake to Grand _ Rapids,
Stoney Mountain.

Map: Maher et al. 1979 Sask, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cUS, Rigby & Britton 1970 Can, Tryon 1957,
Tryon & Britton 1958.

HABITAT: Limestone outcrops and calcareous cliffs.

Status: Rare in Saskatchewan.

Penstemon nitidus Dougl.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN.

RANGE: seBC-swMan; Ida-ND, Colo.
ManitoBa: Russel to Virden.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.
HABITAT: Sandy or gravelly prairies.

Penstemon procerus Dougl.

REFERENCE: DAO, MMMN, WIN.

Rance: Alas-YT, BC-swMan; Wash-Utah-Colo-Mont.
MANITOBA. Miniota to Reston.

Map: Hultén 1968, Keck 1945 wNA, Pennell 1935.
HABITAT: Moist prairies.

Penthorum sedoides L.

REFERENCE: DAO, WIN: Boivin 1967-79, Love & Bernard
1959.

RANGE: seMan-NB; Minn-Tex-Fla-Me.

MANITOBA: Otterburne.

Map: Love & Bernard 1959 Man.

HABITAT: Shores and ditches.

Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt
(Dryopteris phegopteris (L.) Christens., P.
polypodioides Fée, Thelypteris phegopteris (L.)
Slossen)
REFERENCE: DAO, JCR, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79,
Looman 1973, Ritchie 1956b, 1956c.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-wMan-Lab;|Wash-Ore-Mont, Minn-

Ga-Me.
MANITOBA: Kasmere Lake and Cranberry Portage.

Map: Hultén 1964, 1968, Maher et al. 1979 Sask,
Meusel et al. 1965, Mulligan & Cody 1979 Can.

HABITAT: Rich wet woods.

Status: Rare in Alberta, the continental Northwest
Territories, Saskatchewan and the Yukon. Endan-
gered in North Carolina, and rare in Illinois, Oregon
and Tennessee

Phegopteris polypodioides = P. connectilis

Phyllodoce caerulea (L.) Bab.
REFERENCE: CAN, JCR; Cody 1953, Ritchie 1959.
RANGE: NWT, nMan, nOnt, Que, NS-Lab; NH, Me.
ManIToBA: Caribou Lake, McLeod Lake and Seal River.
Map: Cody 1953, Hultén 1958, Porsild 1964 Can.
HABITAT: Sands and gravels.
STATUS: Rare in Nova Scotia, Ontario and Maine.

Pinus resinosa Ait.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN: IBP-CT 1974.
RANGE: seMan-Nfld; Minn-Mich, Penn-Me.

ManitoBa: Whiteshell Provincial Park (Falcon Lake),
Sandilands Forest Reserve and Moose Lake.

Map: Fowells 1965, Hosie 1969 Can, Little 1971.
HABITAT: Dry woods.
STATUS: Rare in Connecticut and Illinois.

Pinus strobus L.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; IBP-CT 1974.
RANGE: seMan-Nfld; Minn-nGa-Me.

MANITOBA: Whiteshell Provincial Park (Falcon Lake) to

Lake-of-the-Woods.
Map: Fowells 1965, Hosie 1969 Can, Little 1971.
HABITAT: Well drained sandy soil.
STATUS: Rare in Illinois and lowa.

Plagiobothrys cognatus = P. scouleri

Plagiobothrys scouleri (H. & A.) Johnst.

(Allocarya californica (F. & M.) Greene, P.
cognatus (Greene) Johnston)

REFERENCE: WIN.

Rance: Alas-YT, BC-swMan; Wash-Cal-NM-Mont.
Manitosa: Melita.

Map: Hultén 1968.

HaBiTaT: Moist or wet soil.

Note: This plant may be introduced in the province.

33

Plantago elongata Pursh ssp. elongata

REFERENCE: CAN, WIN.

RANGE: BC-swMan; Wash-Cal-Tex-Minn.

MANITOBA: Miniota and Melita.

Map: Bassett 1966, 1973, McGregor & Barkley 1977
cUS:

HABITAT: Dry to moist alkaline regions.

STATUS: Rare in Minnesota.

Plantago juncoides = P. maritima

Plantago maritima L.

(P. juncoides Lam.)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie
1956a, Schofield 1959.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-Alta, nMan-Lab; Wash-Cal, Me-
NJ.

MANITOBA: Seal River to La Pérouse Bay, York Factory
and Dawson Bay.

Map: Bassett 1973, Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964
Can.

HABITAT: Salt marshes and alkaline soil.

STATUS:Rare in Alberta, Ontario the Yukon and New York.

Plantago patagonica Jacq.

(P. purshii auct.)

REFERENCE: DAO; Boivin 1967-79.

RANGE: BC-sMan; Wash-Ariz-Tex-Minn.

MANITOBA: Emerson.

Map: Bassett 1973 Can, Daubenmire 1942 US,
McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Wind-eroded steppes and dry alluvial flats.

STATUS: Rare in Indiana.

Plantago purshii = P. patagonica

Platanthera hookeri (Torr.) Lindl.

(Habenaria hookeri Torr.)

REFERENCE: DAO, MMMN, WIN.

RANGE: seMan-Nfld; Minn-lowa-Penn-Me.

Manitosa: Victoria Beach to Sandilands Forest
Reserve.

Map: Case 1964 Great Lakes, Luer 1975.

HABITAT: Rich woods.

STATUS: Threatened in Wisconsin, and rare in Indiana,
Illinois and lowa.

Platanthera lacera (Michx.) G. Don

(Habenaria lacera (Michx.) Lodd)
REFERENCE: MMMN.
RANGE: seMan-sOnt, NS, Nfld; Minn-Tex-SC-Me.
ManitosBa: Hecla Island.
Map: Case 1964 Great Lakes, Luer 1975, McGregor &
Barkley 1977 cUS.
HABITAT: Meadows, thickets and woods.

Status: Endangered in Texas, threatened in South
Carolina, and rare in Alabama, Delaware and Illinois.

34

Poa arctica R. Br.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-nSask, nMan-Que, Nfld-sLab;
Wash-Cal-NM-Mont.

ManitoBa: Seal River to Cape Churchill, York Factory.

Map: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 US, Hultén 1968, Ma-
her et al. 1979 Sask, Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild
1964 Can, Raup 1947 Can.

HABITAT: Sedge meadows.

Status: Rare in Ontario and Saskatchewan.

Poa cusickii Vasey

REFERENCE: CAN.

RANGE: sYT, BC-swMan; Wash-Cal-Colo-ND.

ManitoBa: Oak Lake and Brandon.

Map: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 US, Hultén 1968,
McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Dry prairie and sandhills.

Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey

REFERENCE: DAO, WIN.

Rance: BC-swMan; Mont-Cal-NM-Okla-ND.

MANITOBA: Brandon.

Map: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 US, McGregor & Bark-
ley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Open prairie.

Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC.

(P. graveolens Raf.)
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Shay 1974.
RANGE: Sask-swMan-swQue; Wash-Cal-Tex-Ala-NH.
ManiToBA: Shilo to Spruce Woods Provincial Park.
Map: Iltis 1958, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS,
Ramaley 1939.
HABITAT: Sandy or gravelly soil.
Status: Rare in Ontario and Connecticut.

Polanisia graveolens = P. dodecandra

Polygala verticillata L.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Love & Bernard 1959.

RANGE: seSask-sMan-swQue; Wyo-Colo-Tex-Fla-Vt.

ManitoBa: Ste Rose du Lac to Griswold to Otterburne.

Map: Gillett 1968, Love & Bernard 1959 Man, Maher
et al. 1979 Sask, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS,
Pennell 1931.

HABITAT: Prairie and dry hills.

Status: Rare in Saskatchewan, Indiana, Minnesota
and Wyoming.

Populus grandidentata Michx.

REFERENCE: DAO, WIN; Dugle 1969.

Rance: seMan-NS; Minn-Mo-NC-Me.

ManitoBa: Whiteshell Provincial Park (Betula Lake) to
Shoal Lake.

Map: Fowells 1965, Hosie 1969 Can, Little 1971,
Meusel et al. 1965.

HABITAT: Dry woods.

STATUS: Endangered in Missouri and North Carolina,
and rare in Tennessee.

Potamogeton amplifolius Tuckerm.

REFERENCE: DAO, WIN.

RANGE: SBC, cSask, w&seMan-NB, NS-Nfld; Wash-Cal-
Okla-Ga-Me.

MANITOBA: Athapapuskow Lake, Bissett to Whiteshell
Provincial Park (Caddy Lake).

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS, Ogden 1943,
Steyermark 1941.

Hasitat: Lakes and streams.

Status: Rare in Saskatchewan. Threatened in North
Carolina.

Potamogeton illinoensis Morong.

REFERENCE: MMMN; Kershaw 1976.

Rance: NWT, sBC-sMan-swQue; Wash-Cal-Tex-Fla-Vt.

ManitoBa: Valley River and Whitemouth.

Map: Hultén 1958, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS,
Meusel et al. 1965, Ogden 1943.

HABITAT: Lakes and streams.

STATUS: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories.
Endangered in North Carolina, and rare in Indiana
and Kansas.

Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. & Koch

REFERENCE: CAN.

RANGE: YT-NWT, BC-nMan-Que, NS; nwWash, nwMont,
nwWyo, Kans, Minn-Me.

ManitoBa: Churchill, Reindeer Lake and Cross Lake.

Map: Haynes 1974, Hultén 1958, Meusel et al. 1965.

HABITAT: Quiet lake edges and creek mouths.

STATUS: Rare in Alberta, Nova Scotia and Saskat-
chewan. Threatened in Pennsylvania, and rare in
Kansas and Wyoming.

Potamogeton pusillus L. Var. tenuissimus Mert &

Koch

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC-Lab; Wash-Cal-Fla-Me.

MaNitoBa: Gillam, Grand Rapids and Whiteshell Provin-
cial Park (Jessica Lake).

Map: Haynes 1974, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT: Small ponds.

STATUS: Rare in Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Potamogeton robbinsii Oakes

REFERENCE: DAO; Ritchie 1956b, 1956c.

Rance: Alas, NWT, swBC-eMan-NB, NS; Wash-Cal-
Mont, Minn-lll-Me.

MANITOBA: Bissett.

Map: Hultén 1968, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT: Shallow water.

Status: Rare in Alberta, the continental Northwest
Territories and Saskatchewan. Endangered in Ohio,
and rare in Illinois and Indiana.

Potamogeton strictifolius Ar. Benn.

REFERENCE: CAN, WIN.

RANGE: NWT, Alta-nMan-Que; ND-Utah-Neb-lll-Vt.

MANITOBA: Hayes River.

Map: Haynes 1974, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Calcareous waters.

Status: Rare in Alberta. Probably extirpated in Ohio,
and rare in Connecticut, Illinois and Massachusetts.

Potentilla egedii Wormskj. var. groenlandica (Tratt.)

Polunin

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie
1956a, Schofield 1959.

Rance: Alas-NWT, nMan-Que, NS-Lab; New England.

ManiToBA: Seal River to La Pérouse Bay, York Factory.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964 Can.

Hapitat: Wet meadows, sands and gravels along the
coast.

Potentilla flabelliformis = P. gracilis var.
flabelliformis

Potentilla finitima Kohli & Packer
REFERENCE: Kohli & Packer 1976.
RANGE: sAlta-sMan; ND.
MANITOBA: Carberry area.

Map: Kohli & Packer 1976.
HaBiTAT: Dry prairie.
Status: Rare in Alberta.

Potentilla gracilis Dougl. var. flabelliformis (Lehm.)

Nutt.
(P. flabelliformis Lehm.)

REFERENCE: CAN.

RANGE: sAlas, BC-swMan; Wash-Cal-Mont, Minn.

ManitoBa: Napinka.

Map: Clausen et al. 1940, Hultén 1968.

HABITAT: Meadows and prairies.

STATUS: Rare in Minnesota.

Potentilla nivea L.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN.
RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC-nMan, Que, Nfld-Lab; Mont, SD.
ManitoBa: Churchill and La Pérouse Bay.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Maher et al. 1979 Sask,

Porsild 1964 Can.
HABITAT: Calcareous rocks.
Status: Rare in Saskatchewan and the Yukon.

Potentilla pensylvanica L. var. litoralis (Rydb.) Boivin

(P. pensylvanica L. var. pectinata auct.)

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

Rance: NWT, Alta-nMan-Que, NS-Lab; New England.

ManitosBa: Churchill, York Factory and The Pas.

Map: Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT: Sandy and gravelly shorelines.

Status: Rare in Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan.

Potentilla pensylvanica var. pectinata = P.
pensylvanica var. litoralis

Potentilla plattensis Nutt.
REFERENCE: CAN, WIN.
RANGE: sAlta-swMan; Mont-Cal-Utah-NM-SD.
MANITOBA: Oak River, Napinka and Forrest.
HABITAT: Moist meadows and prairies.

35

Potentilla pulchella R. Br.

(P. rubricaulis Lehm.)

REFERENCE: DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a, Scho-
field 1959.

Rance: Alas-NWT, nMan, nOnt-Que, Nfld-Lab.

ManiIToBa: Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1958, 1968, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Dry tundra.

STATUS: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories,
Ontario and the Yukon.

Potentilla rubricaulis = P. pulchella

Primula stricta Hornem.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
RANGE: Alas-NWT, Alta, nMan-Que, Lab.
ManitosBa: Churchill, York Factory and Gillam.
Map: Baker 1959, Hultén 1958, 1968, Porsild 1964.
Hasitat: Dune slacks, damp meadows and shorelines.

Puccinellia lucida Fern. & Weath.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Kershaw
1976, Ritchie 1956a, Schofield 1959.
Rance: nMan-Que.
ManitosBa: Churchill and La Pérouse Bay.

HABITAT: Salt marshes and coastal sands.
Status: Rare in Ontario.

Puccinellia vaginata (Lange) Fern. & Weath.
REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN, OK; Kershaw 1976, Kershaw
& Morton 1976, Schofield 1959.
RANGE: Alas-NWT, nMan, Que, Lab.
ManiToBa: Churchill and La Pérouse Bay.
Map: Hultén 1968, Porsild 1964.
HABITAT: Coastal sands and clays.

Pyrola rotundifolia L. var. americana (Sweet) Fern.

REFERENCE: DAO, MMMN.

RANGE: seMan-Nfld; Minn-lll-NC-Me.

ManitoBa: Black Island to Sandilands Forest Reserve
to Wallace Lake.

Map: Hultén 1958.

HABITAT: Dry mixed woods.

STATUS: Endangered in Tennessee, and rare in Illinois
and Indiana.

Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl.
REFERENCE: DAO, WIN.
Rance: seMan-sOnt; Minn-Tex-Ga-NH.
ManitosBa: Whiteshell Provincial Park (Falcon Lake).
Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.
HABITAT: Open woods and calcareous ledges.
Status: Rare in Canada, New Hampshire, Maine and
Vermont.

Ranunculus pallasii Schlecht.
REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN: Schofield 1959.
RANGE: Alas-NWT, n&eMan-Que, Lab.
MANITOBA: Seal River, Churchill area and Berens River.
Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964.
HABITAT: Brackish shores and shallow water.
Status: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories
and Ontario.

36

Ranunculus pedatifidus Sm. ssp. affinis (R. Br.) Hult.
REFERENCE: MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-Alta, Sask, nMan-Que, Nfld-Lab;

Ida-Ariz-NM-Minn.
MANITOBA: Seal River, Churchill and La Pérouse Bay.
Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964 Can.
HABITAT: Tundra.
STATUS: Rare in Ontario.

Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir
REFERENCE: DAO, MMMN, WIN.
RANGE: seMan-PEl; ND-Tex-Ky-Va-New England.
ManitoBa: Gimli to Sandilands Forest Reserve.
Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.
HABITAT: Damp openings in woods.

Rhododendron lapponicum (L.) Wahl.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie
1956a.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-wAlta, nMan-Que, Nfld-Lab; Wisc,
NY-Me.

MANITOBA: Seal River, Churchill and La Pérouse Bay.

Map: Gillett 1971, Hultén 1958, 1968, Porsild 1964
Can.

HABITAT: Damp peat and stable dunes.

STATUS: Rare in Alberta and Ontario. Endangered in
Wisconsin, and rare in Maine and New York.

Rhynchospora capillacea Torr.

REFERENCE: DAO.

Rance: Alta-seMan, Ont-Nfld; ND-Mo-Tenn-Va-Me.

MANITOBA: Birds Hill.

Map: Gale 1944, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT: Bogs.

STATUS: Rare in Alberta, Nova Scotia and Saskatche-
wan. Endangered in South Dakota and Tennessee,
threatened in Pennsylvania, and rare in Illinois, lowa
and New Hampshire.

Ruppia maritima var. occidentalis = R. occidentalis

Ruppia occidentalis Wats.

(Ruppia maritima L. var. occidentalis (Wats.)
Graebn., R. spiralis auct.)
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.
Rance: Alas, NWT, BC-sMan; Wash-Cal, Mont-Tex-ND.
ManITOBA: Lake Manitoba.

Map: Hulten 1964, 1968, McGregor & Barkley 1977
CUS:

HABITAT: Saline or alkaline water.
STATUS: Rare in Alberta.

Ruppia spiralis = R. occidentalis

Sagina caespitosa (J. Vahl) Lange
REFERENCE: CAN, WIN.
Rance: NWT, nMan, Que, Lab.
MANITOBA: Baralzon Lake.
Map: Crow 1978, Hultén 1958, Porsild 1964.
Hasitat: Dry rocky barrens and gravelly hummocks.

Sagittaria rigida Pursh
REFERENCE: DAO, MMMN, WIN.
RANGE: seMan-sQue; Minn-Mo-Tenn-Me.

ManITOBA: Whiteshell Provincial Park to Sanford to
Shoal Lake.

Map: Bogin 1955.
HABITAT: Shallow water.

Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Cov.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
Rance: Alas-NWT, BC, swAlta, nMan, nQue.
ManitosBa: Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1968, Little 1976a, Porsild 1964, Raup
1947, 1959.

HABITAT: Gravelly shores, tundra and sand dunes.

Salix arbusculoides Anderss.
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
Rance: Alas-NWT, scBC-Alta, cSask-nMan, cQue.
ManitoBa: Churchill, Nelson River and Flin Flon.

Map: Hultén 1968, Little 1976a, Raup 1943 eCan,
1947, 1959.

HABITAT: Streambanks, open forests and muskegs.
Salix arbutifolia = S. fuscescens

Salix brachycarpa Nutt. ssp. brachycarpa

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie
1956a.

RANGE: YT-NWT, BC-Sask, nMan-Que; Wash-Cal-Colo-
Mont.

ManiToBa: Churchill to Cape Churchill, York Factory.
Map: Argus 1965, Hultén 1968, Raup 1959 Can.
HABITAT: Coastal tundra and estuaries.

Status: Rare in Ontario, the Yukon, California, Oregon
and Washington.

Salix calcicola = S. lanata ssp. calcicola

Salix fuscescens Ait.
(S. arbutifolia auct.)
REFERENCE: CAN.
Rance: Alas-NWT, nMan.
ManitoBa: Baralzon Lake to Seal River.
Map: Hultén 1968, Meusel et al. 1965, Raup 1959.

HABITAT: Wet meadows and muskegs.
STATUS: Rare in the Yukon.

Salix herbacea L.
REFERENCE: CAN, WIN.
Rance: NWT, nMan, Que, Nfld-Lab; NY-NH-Me.
Manitosa: Nueltin Lake, Baralzon Lake and Duck Lake.

Map: Hultén 1958, Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild 1964
Can, Raup 1943 Can, 1959 Can.

HaBiTaT: Wet tundra and lakeshores.
Status: Rare in New Hampshire and New York.

Salix lanata L. ssp. calcicola (Fern. & Wieg.) Hult.

(S. calcicola Fern. & Wieg.)
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, QK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
Rance: NWT, wAlta, nMan-Que, Nfld-Lab.
MANITOBA: Seal River to La Perouse Bay, York Factory.
Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964, Raup 1943
eCan, 1959.
Hasitat: Calcareous rocks, barrens and sand dunes.
Status: Rare in Alberta and Ontario.

Salix reticulata L.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, QK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC, wAlta, neSask-nMan-Que, Nfld-
Lab.

ManitosaA: Churchill, La Pérouse Bay and York
Factory.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Maher et al. 1979 Sask,
Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild 1964, Raup 1947, 1959.

Hasitat: Calcareous rocks and barrens.

STATUS. Rare in Alberta, Ontario and Saskatchewan.

Salix vestita Pursh

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

Rance: NWT, BC-Alta, nMan-Que, Nfld-Lab; Wash-Ore-
Mont.

ManiroBA: Churchill to York Factory to Hayes River.

Map. Meusel et al. 1965, Raup 1943 eCan, 1959 Can,
Wynne-Edwards 1937.

HABITAT: Forests, muskegs and calcareous rocky
places.

Status: Rare in Ontario, Oregon and Washington.

Sanguinaria canadensis L.

REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN, WIN; Shay 1974.

RANGE: SMan-NS; Wisc-Tex-Fla-Me.

ManiTOBA: Winnipeg to Pembina Mountains’ to
Sprague.

HABITAT: Rich woods.

Status: Endangered in Texas, and rare in Mississippi,
North Dakota and Rhode Island.

Saxifraga aizoides L.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.

RANGE: YT-NWT, BC-Alta, nMan-Que, NS, Lab; Vt, NY.

MANITOBA: Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1958, 1968, Love & Lôve 1951, Porsild
1964 Can, Raup 1947 Can.

HABITAT: Moist calcareous places.

Status: Rare in Nova Scotia, Ontario, the Yukon,
New York and Vermont.

Saxifraga caespitosa L.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-Alta, nMan-Que, Nfld-Lab; Wash-
Ore, Mont-Ariz-Colo.

MANITOBA: Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1958, 1968, Lôve & Lôve 1951, Porsild
1964 Can.

HABITAT: Rocky or gravelly places.

Status: Rare in Ontario.

37

Saxifraga cernua L.

REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN.

Rance: Alas, BC-Alta, nMan-nwOnt, Que, Lab; Wash-
Mont, Nev, Colo, SD, Minn, NH.

ManitoBa: Seal River, Nunulla and Cape Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Moist sands and gravels.

STATUS: Rare in Ontario, Minnesota, New Hampshire,
South Dakota and Washington.

Saxifraga hirculus L.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie
1956a.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, nMan-nQue; Colo.

MANITOBA: Seal River to La Pérouse Bay, York Factory.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Peat bogs.

Saxifraga oppositifolia L.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie
1956a.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-swAlta, nMan, Que, Nfld-Lab;
Wash-Ore-Mont-Wyo, Colo, Vt.

ManitoBa: Churchill and La Pérouse Bay.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild
1964 Can, Raup 1947 Can.

HABITAT: Tundra and calcareous gravels.

STATUS: Rare in Idaho, Oregon, Vermont and
Washington.

Saxifraga pensylvanica L.

REFERENCE: DAO; Kershaw 1976, Looman 1973.

Rance: seMan-wOnt; Minn-lll-NC-Me.

MANITOBA: Moose Lake.

Map: Burns 1942.

HaBiTAT: Muskegs, swamps and boggy thickets.

Status: Rare in Canada. Endangered in North Carolina
and rare in Maine.

Saxifraga rivularis L.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-Alta, nMan, Que, Nfld-Lab; Mont,
Wyo, Colo, NH.

ManiToBA: Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964 Can, Raup
1947 Can.

HABITAT: Streambanks and wet gravelly places.

Status: Rare in New Hampshire.

Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel.

REFERENCE: CAN, WIN.

RANGE: seAlta-swMan; Mont-Ariz-La-lll-Minn.

ManitoBa: Melita and Medora.

Map: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 US, McGregor & Bark-
ley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Plains and dry alkaline prairies.

Status: Rare in Alberta. Extirpated in Illinois, and rare
in lowa and Minnesota.

38

Scirpus nevadensis Wats.
REFERENCE: DAO.
RANGE: SWBC, Sask-sMan; Wash-Cal-Utah-ND.
MANITOBA: Delta.
Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.
HABITAT: Marshes.

Scirpus rufus (Huds.) Schrad.

(Blysmus rufus (Huds.) Link)

REFERENCE: CAN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Schofield 1959.

Rance: Alas, NWT, sSask-NB, NS-Nfld.

ManITOBA: Churchill, Red Deer River, Delta.

Map: Hultén 1964, 1968, Meusel et al. 1965, Potter
1932, Schofield 1959.

HABITAT: Saline or alkaline mud flats.

STATUS. Rare in the continental Northwest Territories,
Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan.

Scutellaria parvula Michx. var. leonardii (Epling) Fern.

REFERENCE: DAO; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw 1976,
Looman 1969.

Rance: seMan; ND-Kans-Me.

MANITOBA: Rennie.

Map: Epling 1942, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Peaty soil over rocky outcrops.

STATUS: Rare in Canada. Endangered in North Caro-
lina, and rare in Connecticut and Michigan.

Selaginella selaginoides (L.) Link

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC-nMan-NB, NS-Lab; Ida-Nev,Minn-
Mich, NY-Me.

MaNnitoBa: Churchill, York Factory, Gillam and north of
The Pas.

Map: Hultén 1958, 1968, Maher et al. 1979 Sask,
Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild 1966 Can.

HABITAT: Damp shores and rocks.

Status: Rare in Saskatchewan. Possibly extirpated in
Maine, and endangered in Minnesota and Wisconsin.

Silene involucrata = Melandrium affine

Silene menziesii Hook.
REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN, WIN.
Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-wMan; Wash-Cal-NM-Mont.
MANITOBA: The Pas.
Map: Hultén 1968.
HABITAT: Damp thickets and roadsides.
Note: This plant may be introduced in the province.

Silene walbergella = Melandrium apetalum

Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf.

REFERENCE: MMMN, WIN: Boivin 1967-79.

RANGE: Alas, BC-swSask, se&cMan-NS; Wash-Cal-Ariz,
ND-Tex-Ga.

MANITOBA: Easterville Road and Shoal Lake.

Map: Galway 1945, Hultén 1968, Maher et al. 1979
Sask, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Rich woods.

STATUS: Rare in Saskatchewan.

Solidago purshii = S. uliginosa

Solidago riddellii Frank

REFERENCE: DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Love & Bernard
1959.

Rance: seMan-swOnt; Minn-Mo-Va-Ohio.

ManitoBa: Kleefeld, Ste-Geneviève and Otterburne.
Map: Love & Bernard 1959 Man.

HABITAT: Chernozem soils.

Status: Rare in Canada, lowa and Minnesota.

Solidago uliginosa Nutt.

(S. purshii Porter)
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.
RANGE: NWT, seMan-NS, Lab; Mich-Ala-NC-Me.

ManiToBa: Nopining Provincial Park, Whiteshell Provin-
cial Park and Marchand.

HABITAT: Bogs.

STATUS: Threatened in North Carolina and rare in
Alabama.

Stellaria humifusa Rottb.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK; Ritchie 1956a,
Schofield 1959.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, nMan-Lab; Wash-Ore, Me.
MANITOBA: Seal River, Churchill and La Pérouse Bay.
Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Brackish shores.

STATUS: Rare in Nova Scotia, the Yukon, Oregon and
Washington.

Steironema quadriflorum = Lysimachia quadriflora

Stipa richardsonii Link

REFERENCE: DAO, WIN.

Rance: Alas-YT, BC-sMan; Wash-Ida-Colo-SD.
ManitoBa: Riding Mountain National Park.

Map: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 US, Hultén 1968.
HABITAT: Open woods.

Status: Rare in the Yukon and Colorado.

Note: The report from Duck Mountain (Looman 1969)
is based on Oryzopsis canadensis.

Subularia aquatica L. ssp. americana Mulligan &

Calder

REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN, WIN.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC, nSask-nw&seMan-Que, NS-Lab;
Wash-nCal-Wyo, Minn-Mich, NY-Me.

ManitoBa: Reindeer Lake and Whiteshell Provincial
Park.

Map: Hultén 1958, 1968, Maher et al. 1979 Sask,
Meusel et al. 1965, Mulligan & Calder 1964.

HABITAT: Lakeshores and slow streams.

Status: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories,
Ontario, Saskatchewan and the Yukon. Possibly ext-
irpated in Vermont, endangered in Minnesota,
threatened in Michigan, and rare in Maine.

Tanacetum huronense Nutt.

(Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. ssp. huronense
(Nutt.) Hult.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC, sAlta, nMan-NB, Nfld; Mich-
Wisc, Me.

ManitoBaA: York Factory, Nelson River and Hayes
River.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Mickelson & Iltis 1966.

HagiTaT: Cobble beaches.

Status: Rare in Alberta, the continental Northwest
Territories and Ontario. Endangered in Wisconsin,
threatened in Michigan and rare in Maine.

Thelypteris phegopteris = Phegopteris connectilis

Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt.) Richards.
REFERENCE: DAO, WIN; Shay 1974.
RANGE: Alta-swMan; Mont-Colo-Neb-ND.
Manitosa: Elkhorn to Lyleton to Killarney to Carberry.
Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS.
HABITAT: Dry prairies.

Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) Church var. fernaldii

(Hitchc.) Dore

REFERENCE: CAN, UWPG.

Rance: NWT, cBC, nSask, seMan-Nfld; Minn-Ohio-Me.

ManITOBA: Whiteshell Provincial Park (McGillivray
Falls).

Mar: Koyama & Kawano 1964.

HABITAT: Boggy stream margins.

Status: Rare in Saskatchewan, Ohio and Rhode
Island.

Townsendia exscapa (Richards.) Porter
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Shay 1974.
RANGE: seBC-swMan; Mont-Nev-Ariz-Tex-ND.
MANITOBA: Routledge to Cypress River.

Map: Beaman 1957, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS,

Porsild 1958 Can.
HaBiTaT: Sandhills.

Tradescantia occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth
REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Kershaw 1976.
Rance: swMan; Mont-Ariz-Tex-Ark-Minn.
ManiToBA: Routledge and Melita.

Map: Anderson 1954, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS,

Ramaley 1939.
HABITAT: Sandy places.
Status: Rare in Canada.

Tripleurospermum phaeocephalum = Matricaria
ambigua

Utricularia cornuta Michx.
REFERENCE: DAO, MMMN, WIN: Boivin 1967-79.

RANGE: neAlta-nSask, c&sMan-Lab; Great Lakes, Tex-

Fla-Me.
ManitoBa: Grand Rapids and Ste. Geneviève.

Map: Harms 1978 Sask, Kondo 1972, McLaughlin

1982:

STATUS: Rare in Alberta and Saskatchewan. Endan-

gered in Indiana and Ohio.

39

Uvularia sessilifolia L.

REFERENCE: DAO, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.

Rance: sMan-swNB, NS; ND-La-Fla-Me.

ManitoBa: Roseisle, Birch Valley and Sandilands Forest
Reserve.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS, Wilbur 1963.

HABITAT: Rich woods and thickets.

STATUS: Endangered in South Dakota and rare in
Oklahoma.

Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.

REFERENCE: CAN, MMMN, WIN.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-sMan-NB, NS-Lab; Wisc, Mich,
NY-New England.

ManiToBa: Duck Mountain Provincial Park, Riding
Mountain National Park and Wallace Lake.

Map: Hultén 1968, Porsild 1966 Can.

HABITAT: Open woods and clearings.

STATUS: Rare in Nova Scotia and endangered in
Wisconsin.

Vahlodea atropurpurea = Deschampsia atropurpurea

Vernonia fasciculata Michx. var. corymbosa (Schwein.)

Schub.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw
1976, Love & Bernard 1959.

RaNGe: seMan; Mont-Tex-lowa-Minn.

MANITOBA: Otterburne and Morris.

Map: Jones 1972, Lôve & Bernard 1959 Man, McGre-
gor & Barkley 1977 cUS.

HABITAT: Wet prairies.

STATUS: Rare in Canada.

Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.

REFERENCE: DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.

Rance: seMan-sOnt; ND-Okla-La-Ga-Vt.

ManitoBa: Arnaud and Green Ridge.

Map: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cUS, Pennell 1935.

HABITAT: Grassy shores and ditches.

STATUS: Rare in Canada. Extremely rare in western
New York and rare in South Dakota.

Viola novae-angliae House

REFERENCE: DAO; Kershaw 1976.

Rance: seMan-NB; Minn-Mich, NY, Me.

ManITOBA: Whiteshell Provincial Park.

Map: Russell 1965 US.

HABITAT: Shores and wet meadows.

Status: Rare in Ontario. Probably extirpated in Wis-
consin, threatened in Michigan and rare in New
York.

Viola selkirkii Pursh

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN.

Rance: Alas-NWT, BC-wMan-NB, NS-Lab; Wash, Colo-
NM, Minn-Penn-Me.

MANITOBA: The Pas and Riding Mountain National Park.

Map: Hultén 1968, 1971, Maher et al. 1979 Sask,
Russell 1956, 1965 eUS.

HABITAT: Wet woods.

STATUS: Rare in Alberta, Saskatchewan, the Yukon,
Colorado and Connecticut.

40

Wolffia columbiana Karst.
REFERENCE: DAO; Cody 1980.
RANGE: SMan, Ont-Que; Ore, ND-Tex-Fla-Me.
Manitosa: Riding Mountain National Park.
Map: Daubs 1965, Dore 1957 Ont, Soper 1962 Ont.
HABITAT: Beaver ponds.
Status: Rare in Maine and North Carolina.
Note: Due to its very small size, this plant may be
more overlooked than rare.

Woodsia alpina (Bolton) S. F. Gray

REFERENCE: DAO, MMMN, WIN; Cody & Lafontaine
1975, Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976,
Ritchie 1956b, 1956c.

Rance: Alas-NWT, wcBC, Alta, Man-NB, NS, Lab; Minn-
Mich, NY-Me.

ManitoBa: Tod Lake, Norway House, Island Lake and
Whiteshell Provincial Park (West Hawk Lake).

Map: Cody & Lafontaine 1975 Man, Hultén 1958,
1968, Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Shaded calcareous cliffs.

STATUS: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories
Nova Scotia and Ontario. Threatened in Michigan,
and rare in Maine and Vermont.

Woodsia glabella R. Br.

REFERENCE: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Cody & Lafon-
taine 1975.

RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC-cMan-NB, NS-Lab; nMinn, NY-
Me.

MANITOBA: Flin Flon area to Grand Rapids, Sasaginni-
gak Lake.

Map: Cody & Lafontaine 1975 Man, Hultén 1964,
1968, Maher et al. 1979 Sask, Porsild 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Limestone outcrops.

Status: Rare in Alberta, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Sas-
katchewan, Maine, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New
York and Vermont.

Woodsia oregana D. C. Eat.

REFERENCE: DAO; Cody & Lafontaine 1975.

RANGE: BC-wMan, Ont, Que; Wash-Cal-Colo, SD, Okla,
lowa-Wisc, NY.

MANITOBA: Flin Flon area.

Map: Cody & Lafontaine 1975 Man, Fernald 1925,
Maher et al. 1979 Sask, McGregor & Barkley 1977
cUS.

HABITAT: Dry crevices of schist cliffs.

Status: Rare in Ontario and Saskatchewan. Endan-
gered in Wisconsin, and rare in lowa, New York and
Oklahoma.

Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eat.

REFERENCE: DAO; Cody & Lafontaine 1975, Kershaw
1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976.

Rance: Alas-YT, BC-swAlta, nwSask, wMan, Ont, Que;
Wash-Cal-NM-Neb, Minn, Ark, NC.

MANITOBA: Flin Flon area.

Map: Cody & Lafontaine 1975 Man, Fernald 1925,
Hultén 1968, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT: Dry crevices of schist cliffs.

STATUS: Rare in Ontario, Saskatchewan and the Yu-
kon. Threatened in North Carolina, and rare in Ar-
kansas, Minnesota and Tennessee.

Zostera marina L.

REFERENCE: DAO, MMMN; Schofield 1959.
RANGE: Alas-NWT, BC, nMan-Lab; Wash-Cal, Me-Ga.
MANITOBA: Seal River and Churchill.

Map: Hultén 1964, 1968, Meusel et al. 1965, Potter
1932.

HABITAT: Shallow coastal waters.

STATUS: Rare in the continental Northwest Territories
and Georgia.

41

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1.

Appendix |
Excluded Species

UNCONFIRMED REPORTS

Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl. (Scoggan 1978-79)

Callitriche anceps Fern. (Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976)
Carex communis Bailey (Lôve & Bernard 1959, Scoggan 1978-79)
Carex conjuncta Boott (Lôve & Bernard 1959)

Carex cristatella Britt. (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79)

Carex membranacea Hook. (Scoggan 1978-79)

Carex misandra R. Br. (Boivin 1967-79, Scoggan 1978-79)

Carex muskingumensis Schwein. (Kershaw 1976, Scoggan 1957)
Crataegus punctata Jacq. (Scoggan 1957)

Danthonia intermedia Vasey (Looman 1969, Scoggan 1957, 1978-79)
Delphinium virescens Nutt. (Kershaw 1976, Scoggan 1957, 1978-79)
Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. (Kershaw & Morton 1976)

Draba cinerea Adams (Ritchie 1956a, Scoggan 1957)

Elymus interruptus Buckl. (Scoggan 1957)

Juncus canadensis J. Gay (Scoggan 1957)

Juncus effusus L. (Kershaw & Morton 1976)

Panicum oligosanthes Schultes (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79)
Paronychia depressa Nutt. (Kershaw 1976)

Potentilla furcata Pors. (Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976)
Potentilla saximontana Rydb. (Boivin 1967-79)

Puccinellia andersonii Swallen (Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976)
Puccinellia deschampsioides Sorens. (Kershaw & Morton 1976, Scoggan 1957, 1978-79)
Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. (Dugle 1969)

Scirpus torreyi Olney (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79)

. INTRODUCED

Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) Nels. & MacBr. (Kershaw & Morton 1976)
Chenopodium strictum Roth. var. glaucophyllum (Aellen) Wahl (Scoggan 1957)
Clematis ligustifolia Nutt. (Scoggan 1978-79)

Gnaphalium uliginosum L. (Scoggan 1957)

Hieracium albiflorum Hook. (Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976)

Lysichiton americanum Hult. & St. John (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79 where listed as Symplocarpus foetidus (L.)
Nutt.)

Madia glomerata Hook. (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79)

Oenothera fruticosa L. var. linearis (Michx.) S. Wats. (Scoggan 1957)
Phlox pilosa L. (Scoggan 1957)

Physalis pruinosa auct. (Scoggan 1957)

Salvia reflexa Hornem. (Scoggan 1957)

Sorbus americanus Marsh. (Scoggan 1957)

Thellungiella salsuginea (Pall.) O.E. Schulz (Scoggan 1957)

47

48

HYBRID
Puccinellia Xphryganodes (Trin.) Scribn. & Merr. (Ritchie 1956a, Scoggan 1957)

MISIDENTIFICATIONS

Bidens comosa sensu Dugle (1969) probably = B. tripartita L.

Carex argyrantha sensu Scoggan (1957, 1978-79) = C. argyrantha Tuckerm. var. aenea (Fern.) Boivin
Carex gravida sensu Lôve & Bernard (1959), Scoggan (1978-79) = C. alopecoidea Tuckerm.

Gentiana flavida sensu Scoggan (1957), Shay (1974) = G. andrewsii Griseb. f. albiflora Britt. and G. rubricaulis
Schwein.

Gerardia paupercula sensu Scoggan (1957) = Agalinis aspera (Dougl.) Britt. and A. tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf.
Hypericum canadense sensu Scoggan (1957) probably = H. majus (Gray) Britt.

Opuntia polyacantha sensu Scoggan (1957), Shay (1974) = O. fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.

Poa glaucifolia sensu Scoggan (1957) = P. arida Vasey

Polygonum boreale sensu Scoggan (1957) = P. aviculare L.

Polygonum pensylvanicum sensu Lôve & Bernard (1959), Scoggan (1957) = P. lapathifolium L.

Rumex arcticus sensu Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976 = R. occidentalis Wats.

Sambucus canadensis sensu Scoggan (1957, 1978-79) = S. pubens Michx.

Stellaria alsine sensu Scoggan (1957) = S. calycantha (Ledeb.) Bong. and S. crassifolia Ehrh.

Symplocarpus foetidus sensu Scoggan (1957, 1978-79) = Lysichiton americanum Hult. & St. John which is
introduced.

Thaspium barbinode sensu Scoggan (1957) = Zizea aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch

LOCALITY ERRORS

Claytonia bostockii Pors. (Scoggan 1957) - see McNeill & Findlay 1971
Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. (Scoggan 1957) - see Boivin 1967-79
Hydrophyllum virginianum L. (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79) - see Boivin 1967-79
Lobelia siphilitica L. (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79) - see Boivin 1967-79

WIDERANGING OR COMMON

Anemone patens L. (IBP-CT 1974, Shay 1974)
Aquilegia brevistyla Hook. (Shay 1974)
Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes (Shay 1974)
Galium palustre L. (Kershaw & Morton 1976)
Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. (Boivin 1967-79)

INCLUDED IN WIDERANGING SPECIES

Agoseris agrestis Osterh. (Scoggan 1957) = A. glauca (Pursh) Raf.

Carex abdita Bickn. (Ritchie 1956b, 1956c) = C. umbellata Schkuhr

Carex adelostoma Krez. (Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976, Scoggan 1978-79) = C. buxbaumii Wahl.
Carex convoluta Mack. (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79) = C. rosea Schk.

Carex cumulata (Bailey) Mack. (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79) = C. brevior (Dew.) Mack.

Carex hallii Olney (Lôve & Bernard 1959, Scoggan 1957) = C. parryana Dew.

Carex molesta Mack. (Scoggan 1957) = C. brevior Dew.

Carex morriseyi Pors. (Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976, Scoggan 1957) = C. buxbaumii Wahl.
Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. (Scoggan 1957) = C. leptophyllum Nutt.

Chrysopsis hispida (Hook.) DC. (Scoggan 1957) = C. villosa (Pursh) Nutt.

Corispermum simplicissimum Lun. (Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976, Scoggan 1957) = C.

hyssopifolium L.
Cuscuta campestris Yunker (Scoggan 1957) = C. gronovii Willd.
Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm. (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79) = C. gronovii Willd.
Cuscuta coryli Engelm. (Lôve & Bernard 1959, Scoggan 1957, 1978-79) = C. gronovii Willd.

Cystopteris dickieana Sim. (Ritchie 1956a, 1956b, 1956c, Scoggan 1957) = C. fragilis (L.) Bernh.

Dracocephalum virginianum L. (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79) = D. formosius (Lun.) Rydb.
Galium brandegei Gray (Ritchie 1956a, Scoggan 1957) = G. trifidum L.

Luzula groenlandica Bôcher (Scoggan 1957) = L. multiflora (Retz.) Lei.

Petalostemon occidentale (Gray) Fern. (Scoggan 1957) = P. candidum (Willd.) Michx.
Scirpus heterochaetus Chase (Kershaw 1976) = S. lacustris L.

Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledeb.) DC. s. str. (Scoggan 1957) = T. ceratophorum s. lat.
Taraxacum lapponicum kihlm. (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79) = T. ceratophorum s. lat.

49

50

Appendix II

List of the Rare Vascular Plants of Manitoba in Taxonomic Sequence

LYCOPODIACEAE

Lycopodium lucidulum
L. tristachyum

SELAGINELLACEAE
Selaginella selaginoides

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
Botrychium matricariaefolium

POLYPODIACEAE
Dryopteris phegopteris
Pellaea glabella var. nana
P. glabella var. occidentalis
Phegopteris connectilis
P. polypodioides
Thelypteris phegopteris
Woodsia alpina
W. glabella
W. oregana
W. scopulina

PINACEAE

Pinus resinosa
P. strobus

ZOSTERACEAE

Potamogeton amplifolius

P. illinoensis

P. obtusifolius

P. pusillus var. tenuissimus

P. robbinsii

P. strictifolius

Ruppia maritima var. occidentalis
R. occidentalis

R. spiralis

Zostera marina

ALISMATACEAE

Alisma gramineum
Sagittaria rigida

GRAMINEAE

Agropyron latiglume

A. trachycaulum var. latiglume

A. violaceum ssp. violaceum

Alopecurus alpinus ssp. alpinus

Andropogon hallii

Arctagrostis latifolia

Aristida longiseta

Buchloe dactyloides

Calamagrostis deschampsioides

Deschampsia atropurpurea

Dichanthelium oligosanthes var.
wilcoxianum

Dupontia fisheri var. aristata

D. fisheri var. psilosantha

Elymus arenarius ssp. mollis

E. hystrix

E. mollis

Festuca obtusa

Glyceria canadensis

Hierochloa alpina

H.

pauciflora

Hystrix patula
Muhlenbergia andina
Oryzopsis canadensis

O.
O.

hymenoides
micrantha

Panicum linearifolium

P. perlongum

P. wilcoxianum

Poa arctica

P. cusickii

P. fendleriana

Puccinellia lucida

P. vaginata
Schedonnardus paniculatus
Stipa richardsonii
Torreyochloa pallida var. fernaldii
Vahlodea atropurpurea

CYPERACEAE

Blysmus rufus
Carex amblyorhyncha

O

ODO5 FOG O99 DO 00999009 COG O0OSOG OOOO 0

arcta

. arctata

. atrata

. atratiformis ssp. raymondlii
. atrofusca

. bicolor

. bipartita

blanda

. Capillaris var. williamsii
. castanea

. Crinita var. crinita

. dutillyi

emoryi

. festivella

. glareosa var. amphigena
. glareosa ssp. glareosa

. heleonastes

. hookerana

. laxiflora var. blanda

livida
loliacea
mackenziei
macloviana
maritima

. microglochin

. microptera

. oligosperma

. oligosperma var. churchilliana

paleacea

. pauciflora
. physocarpa

raymondii
rufina

. rupestris

. Salina var. subspathacea
. Saxatilis var. major

. Stricta var. elongata

. subspathacea

C.

tetanica var. woodii

C. ursina

C. williamsii

C. woodii

Cyperus houghtonii

C. strigosus

Dulichium arundinaceum
Eleocharis engelmanni
E. obtusa

E. ovata

Eriophorum callitrix
Kobresia simpliciuscula
Rhynchospora capillacea
Scirpus nevadensis

S. rufus

ARACEAE
Arisaema triphyllum

LEMNACEAE
Wolffia columbiana

ERIOCAULACEAE
Eriocaulon septangulare

COMMELINACEAE
Tradescantia occidentalis

PONTEDERIACEAE
Heteranthera dubia

JUNCACEAE

Juncus biglumis
Luzula spicata

LILIACEAE

Allium tricoccum
Smilacina racemosa
Uvularia sessilifolia

ORCHIDACEAE

Arethusa bulbosa
Calopogon pulchellus
C. tuberosus
Cypripedium arietinum
C. candidum

Goodyera tesselata
Habenaria hookeri

H. lacera
Hammarbya paludosa
Listera auriculata
Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda
M. paludosa

M. unifolia

Platanthera hooker!

P. lacera

SALICACEAE

Populus grandidentata

Salix alaxensis

S. arbusculoides

S. arbutifolia

S. brachycarpa ssp. brachycarpa

S. calcicola

S. fuscescens

S. herbacea

S. lanata ssp. calcicola
S. reticulata

S. vestita

BETULACEAE
Ostrya virginiana
ULMACEAE
Celtis occidentalis

POLYGONACEAE
Koenigia islandica

CHENOPODIACEAE

Atriplex argentea

A. glabriuscula

Chenopodium leptophyllum var.
subglabrum

C. subglabrum

Cycloloma atriplicifolium

Eurotia lanata

AMARANTHACEAE

Acnida tamariscina
Amaranthus tuberculatus

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Arenaria humifusa

A. peploides

A. rubella

A. stricta Var. uliginosa
A. uliginosa
Cerastium alpinum
Honckenya peploides
Lychnis affinis

L. apetala

L. gillettii

Melandrium affine

M. apetalum

M. furcatum
Minuartia rubella

M. stricta

Sagina caespitosa
Silene involucrata

S. menziesii

S. walbergella
Stellaria humifusa

CERATOPHYLLACEAE
Ceratophyllum echinatum

NYMPHAEACEAE

Brasenia schreberi
Nymphaea odorata

RANUNCULACEAE

Anemone richardsonii
Clematis virginiana

Hepatica americana

Myosurus minimus

Ranunculus fascicularis

R. pallasii

R. pedatifidus ssp. affinis

R. septentrionalis
BERBERIDACEAE

Caulophyllum thalictroides

PAPAVERACEAE

Adlumia fungosa
Dicentra cucullaria
Sanguinaria canadensis

CAPPARIDACEAE

Polanisia dodecandra
P. graveolens

CRUCIFERAE
Arabis alpina
A. lyrata
Braya humilis
Cardamine bulbosa
Cochlearia officinalis
Descurainia sophioides
Draba alpina
D. aurea
D. cana
D. fladnizensis var. heterotricha
D. glabella
D. hirta
D. incana
D. lactea
D. lanceolata
D. nivalis
Lesquerella arctica
Subularia aquatica ssp. americana

DROSERACEAE
Drosera linearis

CRASSULACEAE
Penthorum sedoides

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Parnassia parviflora
Saxifraga aizoides

. Caespitosa

. cernua

. hirculus

. oppositifolia

. pensylvanica

. rivularis

NDNNNDNNDN

ROSACEAE
Dryas integrifolia
Potentilla egedii var. groenlandica
P. finitima
P. flabelliformis
P. gracilis var. flabelliformis
P. nivea
P. pensylvanica var. litoralis
P. pensylvanica var. pectinata
P. plattensis
P. pulchella
P. rubricaulis

où

LEGUMINOSAE
Amorpha fruticosa var. angustifolia
Astragalus aboriginum
A. bodinii
A. gilviflorus
A. lotiflorus
A. neglectus
A. triphyllus
A. yukonis
Oxytropis bellii
O. campestris var. johannensis
O. johannensis
O. sericea
O. spicata
Thermopsis rhombifolia

LINACEAE

Linum lepagei
L. lewisii ssp. lepagei

POLY GALACEAE
Polygala verticillata

EUPHORBIACEAE
Euphorbia geyeri

BALSAMINIACEAE
Impatiens noli-tangere

RHAMNACEAE

Ceanothus herbaceus
C. ovatus

ELATINACEAE

Elatine americana
E. triandra var. americana

CISTACEAE
Hudsonia tomentosa
VIOLACEAE
Viola novae-angliae
V. selkirkii
LOASACEAE
Mentzelia decapetala
CACTACEAE

Coryphantha vivipara
Mamillaria vivipara

ONAGRACEAE

Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis

C. quadrisulcata var. canadensis

Epilobium ciliatum ssp. glandulosum

E. davuricum

E. paniculatum

Oenothera perennis
HALORAGACEAE

Myriophyllum alterniflorum
HIPPURIDACEAE
Hippuris tetraphylla

ARALIACEAE
Aralia racemosa

UMBELLIFERAE

Cryptotaenia canadensis
Lomatium orientale
Musineon divaricatum

Osmorhiza claytoni

CORNACEAE
Cornus rugosa

PYROLACEAE
Hypopitys monotropa
Monotropa hypopitys
Pyrola rotundifolia var. americana
ERICACEAE

Kalmia microphylla

K. polifolia ssp. microphylla

Phyllodoce caerulea

Rhododendron lapponicum

Vaccinium caespitosum
DIAPENSIACEAE

Diapensia lapponica
PRIMULACEAE

Lysimachia quadriflora

Primula stricta

Steironema quadriflorum

PLUMBAGINACEAE

Armeria maritima ssp. labradorica

GENTIANACEAE
Gentiana linearis var. latifolia
G. propinqua
G. rubricaulis
Gentianella propinqua
Lomatogonium rotatum

ASCLEPIADACEAE
Asclepias lanuginosa

BORAGINACEAE

Allocarya californica
Heliotropium curassavicum
Mertensia lanceolata

M. maritima
Plagiobothrys scouleri
P. cognatus

LABIATAE

Hedeoma hispida
Scutellaria parvula var. leonardii

SCROPHULARIACEAE
Agalinis aspera
A. tenuifolia
Bartsia alpina
Collinsia parviflora
Euphrasia vinacea
Gerardia aspera
G. tenuifolia
Mimulus glabratus var. fremontii
Pedicularis flammea
P. lapponica
P. macrodonta
P. parviflora
Penstemon nitidus
P. procerus
Veronicastrum virginicum

OROBANCHACEAE

Conopholis americana
Orobanche ludoviciana

LENTIBULARIACEAE
Utricularia cornuta

PLANTAGINACEAE

Plantago elongata ssp. elongata
P. juncoides

P. maritima

P. patagonica

P. purshii

RUBIACEAE
Galium aparine

CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Lonicera hirsuta var. schindleri

ADOXACEAE
Adoxa moschatellina
CAMPANULACEAE
Campanula uniflora

LOBELIACEAE
Lobelia dortmanna

COMPOSITAE

Agoseris cuspidata

Ambrosia acanthicarpa
Antennaria denikeana

A. isolepis

A. munda

A. parlinii var. parlinii

A. plantaginifolia

Arnica cordifolia

A. fulgens

Artemisia tilesii ssp. elatior

Aster macrophyllus

A. modestus

A. sericeus

Boltonia asteroides var. recognita
B. asteroides var. occidentalis
Chrysanthemum arcticum ssp. polare
C. bipinnatum ssp. huronense
Cirsium discolor

C. undulatum

Coreopsis tinctoria

Erigeron caespitosus

E. humilis

E. uniflorus var. unalaschkensis
Franseria acanthicarpa

Krigia biflora

Lactuca floridana

Matricaria ambigua

M. maritima var. nana
Microseris cuspidata

Solidago purshii

S. riddellii

S. uliginosa

Tanacetum huronense
Townsendia exscapa
Tripleurospermum phaeocephalum
Vernonia fasciculata var. corymbosa

Agalinis tenuifolia

Agalinis aspera

Adoxa moschatellina

Adlumia fungosa

Alopecurus alpinus

Alisma gramineum Allium tricoccum

Agropyron violaceum

ssp. violaceum

Ambrosia acanthicarpa Amorpha fruticosa Andropogon hallii

Amaranthus tuberculatus

var. angustifolia

Antennaria plantaginifolia

Antennaria parlinii

Antennaria isolepis

Anemone richardsonii

Arctagrostis latifolia

Aralia racemosa

Arabis lyrata

Arabis alpina

Arethusa bulbosa Arisaema triphyllum

Arenaria peploides

Arenaria humifusa

Armeria maritima Arnica cordifolia Arnica fulgens

ssp. labradorica

Aristida longiseta

Aster macrophyllus Aster modestus

Asclepias lanuginosa

Artemisia tilesii

ssp. elatior

Astragalus gilviflorus

Astragalus bodinii

Astragalus aboriginum

Aster sericeus

Atriplex glabriuscula

Atriplex argentea

Astragalus neglectus

Astragalus lotiflorus

Brasenia schreberi

Botrychium matricariaefolium

Boltonia asteroides

Bartsia alpina

var. recognita

Calopogon tuberosus

alamagrostis deschampsioides

C

Buchloe dactyloides

Braya humilis

Carex arcta

Carex amblyorhyncha

Cardamine bulbosa

Campanula uniflora

Carex bicolor

Carex atrofusca

Carex atrata

Carex arctata

i 6

Carex glareosa

Carex castanea Carex crinita

Carex capillaris
var. williamsii

ssp. glareosa

var. crinita

Carex hookerana Carex laxiflora Carex livida

Carex heleonastes

var. blanda

Carex maritima

Carex mackenziei Carex macloviana

Carex loliacea

Carex pauciflora

Carex oligosperma Carex paleacea

Carex microglochin

Carex stricta
var. elongata

Carex rupestris

Carex rufina

Carex physocarpa

Caulophyllum thalictroides

Carex woodii

Carex ursina

Carex subspathacea

Ceratophyllum echinatum

Cerastium alpinum

Celtis occidentalis

Ceanothus herbaceus

Cirsium discolor

Circaea lutetiana

Chrysanthemum arcticum

Chenopodium subglabrum

ssp. canadensis

ssp. polare

Cochlearia officinalis Collinsia parviflora

Clematis virginiana

Cirsium undulatum

Coryphantha vivipara

Cornus rugosa

Coreopsis tinctoria

Conopholis americana

Cyperus houghtonii Cyperus strigosus

Cycloloma atriplicifolium

Cryptotaenia canadensis

Descurainia sophioides

Deschampsia atropurpurea

Cypripedium candidum

Cypripedium arietinum

: ::

Diapensia lapponica

Draba aurea

Draba alpina

Dicentra cucullaria

Draba lactea

Draba incana

Draba glabella

Draba cana

Dulichium arundinaceum

Drosera linearis Dryas integrifolia

Draba nivalis

Elatine triandra Eleocharis ovata Elymus hystrix

var. americana

Dupontia fisheri

ssp. psilosantha

Epilobium paniculatum

Epilobium davuricum

Epilobium ciliatum

Elymus mollis

ssp. glandulosum

Eriophorum callitrix

Eriocaulon septangulare

Erigeron uniflorus

Erigeron caespitosus

var. unalaschkensis

Euphrasia vinacea Eurotia lanata Festuca obtusa

Euphorbia geyeri

RS A nk, ee a eee eee

Gentiana rubricaulis Gentianella propinqua Glyceria canadensis

Galium aparine

Hepatica americana

Heliotropium curassavicum

Hedeoma hispida

Goodyera tesselata

Hippuris tetraphylla

Hierochloe pauciflora

Hierochloe alpina

Heteranthera dubia

= Bn SOS a ue ÈS us

Kalmia microphylla

Juncus biglumis

tangere

Impatiens noli

Hudsonia tomentosa

Lactuca floridana

Krigia biflora

Koenigia islandica

Kobresia simpliciuscula

RES re

Lobelia dortmanna

Listera auriculata

Linum lewisii

Lesquerella arctica

ssp. lepagei

Luzula spicata

Lonicera hirsuta

Lomatogonium rotatum

Lomatium orientale

var. schindleri

Lycopodium tristachyum Lysimachia quadriflora Malaxis monophyllos

Lycopodium lucidulum

var. brachypoda

Melandrium affine

Matricaria ambigua

Malaxis unifolia

Malaxis paludosa

Mentzelia decapetala Mertensia lanceolata Mertensia maritima

Melandrium apetalum

Mimulus glabratus Minuartia rubella Minuartia stricta

Microseris cuspidata

var. fremontii

Myosurus minimus

Musineon divaricatum

Muhlenbergia andina

Monotropa hypopitys

Orobanche ludoviciana

Oenothera perennis

Nymphaea odorata

Myriophyllum alterniflorum

Oryzopsis micrantha Osmorhiza claytoni

Oryzopsis hymenoides

Oryzopsis canadensis

Oxytropis sericea

Oxytropis campestris

Oxytropis bellii

Ostrya virginiana

var. johanensis

Panicum perlongum Panicum wilcoxianum Parnassia parviflora

Panicum linearifolium

Pellaea glabella
var. occidentalis

Pedicularis lapponica Pedicularis macrodonta

Pedicularis flammea

Phegopteris connectilis

Penstemon procerus Penthorum sedoides

Penstemon nitidus

Plagiobothrys scouleri

Pinus resinosa Pinus strobus

Phyllodoce caerulea

Platanthera hookeri

Plantago patagonica

Plantago maritima

Plantago elongata

ssp. elongata

Poa fendleriana

Poa cusickii

Poa arctica

Platanthera lacera

Potamogeton amplifolius

Populus grandidentata

Polygala verticillata

Polanisia dodecandra

Potamogeton robbinsii

Potamogeton pusillus

Potamogeton obtusifolius

Potamogeton illinoensis

var. tenuissimus

Potentilla gracilis
var. flabelliformis

Potentilla finitima

Potentilla egedii
var. groenlandica

Potamogeton strictifolius

Potentilla plattensis Potentilla pulchella

Potentilla pensylvanica

Potentilla nivea

var. litoralis

Puccinellia lucida Puccinellia vaginata Pyrola rotundifolia

Primula stricta

var. americana

Ranunculus septentrionalis

Ranunculus pedatifidus

Ranunculus pallasii

Ranunculus fascicularis

ssp. affinis

Sagina caespitosa

Rhynchospora capillacea Ruppia occidentalis

Rhododendron lapponicum

Salix arbusculoides Salix brachycarpa
ssp. brachycarpa

Salix alaxensis

Sagittaria rigida

Salix reticulata

Salix lanata
ssp. calcicola

Salix herbacea

Salix fuscescens

Saxifraga caespitosa

Saxifraga aizoides

Sanguinaria canadensis

Salix vestita

Saxifraga pensylvanica

Saxifraga oppositifolia

Saxifraga hirculus

Saxifraga cernua

Scirpus rufus

Scirpus nevadensis

Schedonnardus paniculatus

Saxifraga rivularis

Smilacina racemosa

Silene menziesii

Selaginella selaginoides

Scutellaria parvula

var. leonardii

Solidago uliginosa Stellaria humifusa Stipa richardsonii

Solidago riddellii

Torreyochloa pallida

Tanacetum huronense Thermopsis rhombifolia

Subularia aquatica

var. fernaldii

ssp. americana

Uvularia sessilifolia

Utricularia cornuta

Tradescantia occidentalis

Townsendia exscapa

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ae. oy al

Viola novae-angliae

Veronicastrum virginicum

Vernonia fasciculata

Vaccinium caespitosum

var. corymbosa

ee ee, ae

Woodsia glabella

Woodsia alpina

Wolffia columbiana

Viola selkirkii

Woodsia scopulina Zostera marina

Woodsia oregana

Les articles sont publiées en français, en anglais ou dans ae Sane) et ils Son
postale la liste des titres de tous les articles publiés depuis le de 12 collection (1972)
- s'adressant au Musée national des sciences naturelles, Ottawa, an K KIA OMB. oy

Titres precedents dans la série des plantes rares:

No. 14 Argus, George W., and David J. White (1977) * i a AMS
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF ONTARIO/LES PLANTES VASCULAI

No. 17 Argus, George W., and David J. White (1978)
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF ALBERTA/LES PLANTES VASCULAIRES

No. 18 Maher, Robert V., David J. White, George W. Argus, and Paul A. Keddy
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF NOVA SCOTIA/ LES, ge May

No. 20 Maher, Robert V., George W. Argus, Vernon L. Harms, Avene He Henan
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF SASKATCHEWAN/ ae VASCULAIRE S|

ee Syllogeus no 27

(c) Musées nationaux du Canada 1980
Photo: Karen L. Johnson

Imprimé au Canada

ISSN 0704-576X

EE + APE (pe 2 ee
Fe # TIR nt x se ae tal \ =.
METTRE : ae ea ae

y ll 0 Or REX ake. ‘Ae

LES PLANTES VASCULAIRES RARES
DU MANITOBA

David J. White

Division de la Botanique
Musée national des sciences naturelles
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A OM8

et

Karen L. Johnson

Natural History Division
Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature
Winnipeg, Manitoba
R3B ON2

Mars 1980

REVISIONS ET OBSERVATIONS
Prière de faire parvenir toute communication
a cette adresse:
Programme des plantes rares et menacées
Division de la Botanique
Musée national des sciences naturelles

Ottawa, Ontario

KIA OM8

Il y a lieu de joindre toute la documentation
possible aux demandes de radiation ou d’in-
scription de plantes sur la liste.

4
5

15
42
48

TABLE DES MATIERES

Preface
Introduction
A. Définitions 5
Elaboration de la liste 5
Critères 6
Présentation de la liste 6
Répartition des plantes rares du Manitoba 8
Plantes rares canadiennes de la flore du Manitoba 10
Protection des plantes rares du Manitoba 11
H. Remerciements 14
Liste des plantes vasculaires rares du Manitoba
Références
Annexes
|. Espèces exclues 48
Il. Liste des plantes vasculaires rares du Manitoba dans l'ordre taxonomique 51
Cartes

@) Sal Il Gy bs

PREFACE

Dans le cadre d'une étude sur les plantes vasculaires rares et menacées d'extinction
au Canada, le Musée national des sciences naturelles a entrepris de dresser une liste des
plantes rares de chaque province et territoire. Depuis 1977, des listes ont été publiées
pour l'Alberta, le Manitoba, la Nouvelle-Ecosse, l'Ontario et la Saskatchewan. Des listes
sont actuellement compilées pour le Yukon, le Nouveau-Brunswick et le Québec grâce à
la coopération des botanistes provinciaux. Un comité de botanistes de Colombie-
Britannique s’affaire également à dresser une liste pour cette province. Enfin, une liste a
aussi été établie pour les régions continentales des Territoires du Nord-ouest (Cody
1979).

Notre intention est de rassembler les meilleures données disponibles dans l'espoir
qu'elles servent à ceux qui oeuvrent pour la conservation de l'environnement et, en
particulier, pour la protection des plantes rares et menacées d'extinction. Nous
reconnaissons toutefois que bon nombre de ces données sont incomplètes et qu'il nous
reste beaucoup de travail à accomplir avant d'établir des listes définitives.

Si nos ressources le permettent, nous procéderons à la révision de ces listes à mesure
que de nouvelles données s'ajouteront par suite de l'intérêt nouveau qui devrait se
manifester pour les plantes rares et menacées d'extinction. On travaille actuellement à
convertir la liste des plantes rares de l'Ontario (Argus & White 1977) en un atlas
cartographique illustrant la répartition historique de ces plantes d’après des spécimens
d'herbiers dont les données ont été contrôlées.

Lorsque nous en aurons le temps, nous procéderons à des analyses détaillées de
certaines espèces. En 1980, par exemple, nous prévoyons d'évaluer les populations, les
conditions et l'habitat du ginseng américain Panax quinquefolius L. en Ontario. L'expor-
tation de cette plante est assujettie à la Convention sur le commerce international des
espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d'extinction. Nous possédons actuelle-
ment très peu d'information sur les populations canadiennes de ginseng américain qui
pourrait permettre une bonne gestion de cette importante ressource économique. Pour
obtenir ces information détaillées sur bon nombre de plantes rares dans certaines
régions du Canada, nous comptons sur le dévouement des botanistes et naturalistes de
chaque région, car des recherches approfondies s'imposent.

Dans l'élaboration de nos projets, nous reconnaissons que les plantes vasculaires
rares ne représentent qu'un élément de la mosaïque biologique du Canada. Pour établir
une politique de conservation valable, il faudra également recueillir des données
analogues sur d’autres espèces naturelles. L'expérience de la Grande-Bretagne dans ce
domaine révèle bien l'importance de la tâche et son rôle par rapport à la création de
parcs naturels. Dans une récente étude (1977) sur les parcs naturels en Grande-
Bretagne, Ratcliffe a insisté sur la qualité des données dont il faut disposer pour
administrer un réseau de parcs représentatifs de la diversité du milieu biologique de ce
pays. La perspective de l'application de modèles semblables au Canada, dans un
contexte politique, démographique et biogéographique unique en son genre, nous
fournit à tous matière à réflexion.

Le Programme des plantes rares et menacées.

INTRODUCTION

Les plantes rares ne constituent qu'une petite
partie, néanmoins importante, de la flore du Manito-
ba. Comme on ne les trouve, par défénition, qu'en
populations réduites ou disséminées et qu'elles sont
souvent confinées à un habitat unique et localisé, les
plantes rares sont très sensibles aux changements
du milieu. Or, le principal facteur de changement est
l'activité humaine qui se manifeste dans le déboise-
ment, le drainage des terres humides, le surpâtura-
ge, la polution industrielle et agricole, les projets
hydroélectriques et l'exploitation excessive d'un
territoire à des fins récréatives. Personne ne se livre
intentionnellement à la destruction d'une espèce ou
de son habitat. Le laboureur des prairies n'avait pas
pour but d'éliminer les herbages, mais plutôt d’ex-
ploiter un territoire fertile à souhait; pourtant, son
activité a eu pour effet de raréfier certaines espèces
communes en limitant considérablement leur ex-
pansion. Nous ne faisons que commencer à évaluer
les conséquences de cette raréfaction sur notre
bien-être et sur celui des générations à venir et nous
devons trouver rapidement un moyen de remédier à
la situation. Il se peut que les plantes rares nous
donnent en quelque sorte un premier avertissement
en nous indiquant, par leur déclin même, que notre
exploitation du sol est en passe de devenir abusive.
La présente liste est donc destinée à divulguer
certaines données sur des plantes dont la rareté
nous signale peut-être l'approche du point de non-
retour.

A. Définitions

Les mots plante ou espèces employés dans le
texte désignent l'ensemble des individus auxquels
peut être attribué un nom de plante.

Une plante est dite rare lorsqu'elle ne présente
qu'une faible population dans la province, qu'elle est
concentrée dans une aire réduite ou qu'elle est
dispersée dans une vaste région. Au Manitoba, ces
deux types de répartition sont illustrés respective-
ment par les cartes géographiques d'Astragalus
neglectus et de Carex livida.

Une plante est dite menacée s'il est probable
qu'elle disparaisse dans un avenir prévisible, de
l'ensemble ou d'une partie considérable de l'aire
qu'elle occupe dans la province ou le territoire.

Une plante est dite menacée d'extinction lorsqu'il
y a danger d’éradication dans l'ensemble ou dans
une partie considérable de l'aire qu’elle occupe dans
la province oule territoire.

On souléve souvent le cas des plantes rares appar-
tenant a une espéce périphérique, c’est-a-dire a une

espèce concentrée surtout à l'extérieur de la provin-
ce. Ces plantes ne sont rares que dans la mesure où
seule une petite partie de leur aire de répartition est
comprise dans la province; elles peuvent donc être
rares ou abondantes en d'autres endroits. La liste
des plantes rares du Manitoba renferme bon nombre
d'espèces périphériques: certaines arctiques, com-
me Armeria maritima ssp. labradorica et Carex bico-
lor, s'étendent vers le sud le long de la côte de la baie
d'Hudson; de nombreuses espèces des forêts déci-
dues orientales, comme Panicum linearifolium et
Pinus strobus, se retrouvent jusque dans le sud-est
du Manitoba; bon nombre d'espèces occidentales,
comme /mpatiens noli-tangere, Muhlenbergia andina
et Poa cusickii, atteignent leur limite orientale dans
l'ouest du Manitoba; enfin, maintes espèces des
grandes plaines comme Agalinis aspera et Buchloe
dactyloides présentes dans le sud de la province ne
vont guère plus au nord.

Certains estiment que les espèces périphériques
devraient être exclues de nos listes de plantes rares
sous prétexte que cette rareté résulte de l'écart
entre les frontières politiques et les barrières natu-
relles. Il n’est pas nécessaire, croient-ils, de s’inquié-
ter du sort des espèces dont la majeure partie se
trouve à l'extérieur d’un territoire politique donné.
Nous croyons au contraire que c'est la responsabili-
té du public et des gouvernements de sauvegarder la
diversité de la flore et de la faune actuelles à l'inté-
rieur de leur propre territoire. On s'accorde généra-
lement pour reconnaître qu'un environnement sain
doit comporter une certaine diversité d'espèces et
que les plantes limitrophes possèdent des caracté-
ristiques génétiques particulières, d'où leur si gran-
de importance. De plus, selon de récentes données,
des espèces périphériques se raréfient ou sont en
voie d'extinction dans leur aire de concentration, et
les populations limitrophes constituent peut-être les
précieux vestiges d'espèces autrefois répandues.

B. Elaboration de la liste

En 1975, George Argus et David White ont établi
une liste préliminaire des plantes rares du Manitoba
à partir d'ouvrages spécialisés. Cette liste a ensuite
été envoyée aux botanistes de la province ainsi
qu'aux taxonomistes possédant des connaissances
sur des familles données. Les observations receuil-
lies et l'expérience acquise grâce à la publication des
listes de l'Alberta, de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, de l'Onta-
rio et de la Saskatchewan ont été utiles dans l'élabo-
ration du présent numéro.

Au fur et à mesure que notre liste préliminaire

s'étoffait, il est devenu nécessaire de verifier et de
consigner les données accompagnant les spécimens
des herbiers de l'Ontario et du Manitoba. C'est à ce
moment-là que nous avons commencé à utiliser les
cartes de répartition conservées par l'Université du
Manitoba et le Manitoba Museum of Man and Natu-
re. En ajoutant des données à ces cartes à partir des
spécimens d'autres herbiers, nous avons pu tracer
les cartes du présent ouvrage. Toutefois, il serait
bon de préciser que nous n'avons pas pu contrôler
l'identité de chaque spécimen; nous avons plutôt
cherché à corriger les erreurs manifestes. Nous
espérons que ces cartes inciteront le lecteur à nous
communiquer toute nouvelle découverte, à nous
confirmer la présence de certaines plantes dans les
endroits habituels et à nous signaler erreurs et
omissions.

C. Critères

Il serait peut-être bon ici d'examiner nos critères
en ce qui concerne l'inclusion ou l'exclusion de telle
ou telle espèces dans la liste. Les recherches botani-
ques se poursuivent au Manitoba depuis plus de cent
ans. Elles furent particulièrement intensives au dé-
but et à la fin des années 50, Scoggan s'étant
intéressé à la flore du Manitoba (ouvrage paru en
1957) et Boivin à celle de la Prairie en général
(ouvrage paru en 1967-79). Or, de grandes régions
de la province ont été négligées par ces recherches
botaniques, la presence continue de certaines plan-
tes au endroits habituels a aujourd'hui besoin d'être

RUBRIQUES

1) Nom scientifique et autorité
compétente.

2) Synonymes.

3) SOURCE: Spécimen d'herbier et
documentation.

4) REPARTITION: distribution en
Amérique du Nord.

5) MANITOBA: distribution de l'espèce
dans la province.

6) CARTE: renvoie aux cartes publiées.

7) HABITAT: Description de l'habitat.

8) CONDITIONS: rareté et extinction
possible de l'espèce en Amérique du
Nord.

9) NOTA: observations diverses.

2

confirmée, et bon nombre d'espèces requièrent une
étude taxonomique afin que leur condition au Mani-
toba soit bien comprise. Ainsi, nos décisions d’inclu-
re ou d’exclure telle ou telle plante sont subjectives
et parfois contestables.

L'information sur les plantes rares répandues est
insuffisante, et certaines des espèces inclues dans
cette liste peuvent être discrètes au point de passer
inaperçues. D'autres plantes peuvent avoir été omi-
ses parce que leur répartition géographique sem-
blait plus vaste qu'elle ne l'est en réalité. Des espè-
ces aux aires de répartition très restreintes peuvent
montrer une imposante population en certains en-
droits; c'est notamment le cas dans la région de
Churchill. Nous avons ajouté ces plantes à notre
liste, car nous sommes d'avis qu'une espèce dont
l'aire est limitée se trouve menacée, quelle que soit
sa population. Il ne fait aucun doute que cette liste
donnera lieu à des divergences d'opinion pour ce qui
est de l'inclusion ou de l'exclusion de certaines
plantes; c'est pourquoi nous avons ajouté les don-
nées sur lesquelles se fondent nos décisions. Ce
genre de problème fait que toute liste de plantes
rares demeure provisoire et doit être révisée à
mesure que de nouvelles données sont disponibles.

D. Présentation de la liste

Les plantes sont énumérées dans l'ordre alphabé-
tique des noms scientifiques. Il s'agit de plantes
vernaculaires et rares au Manitoba. La liste ne tient
pas compte des variétés ni des hybrides. Chaque
inscription peut comporter 9 rubriques.

EXEMPLES

Astragalus lotiflorus Hook.

CAN, DAO; Boivin 1967-79.
CB-soMan; Mont-Tex-Missouri-Minn.
Treesbank.

Barneby 1964, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cEU, Welsh 1960 EU
Pentes et prairies arides.

Rare en Alberta, dans l'Iowa, le
Minnesota et le Missouri.

Depuis 1930, on n’en a trouve aucun
spécimen au Manitoba.

lère rubrique

Les noms employés ne s'inspirent pas d’une sour-
ce unique et n'indiquent pas non plus notre préféren-
ce pour un usage plutôt qu'un autre. Dans certains
cas, il s'agit d'un nom employé précédemment ou
d'un nom usuel. Nous avons consulté à l'occasion les
ouvrages de Boivin (1967 et 1967-79), Fernald
(1950), Gleason (1952), Hitchcock et al. (1955-69),
Hultén (1968) et Scoggan (1978-79), ou encore des
monographies. Nous avons convenu de ne pas ins-
crire les noms vulgaires des plantes à cause de leur
diversité et des difficultés de traduction qu'ils
posent.

2e rubrique
Les synonymes n'ont été indiqués que lorsqu'ils
sont employés dans une source citée.

3e rubrique

Cette rubrique comprend le sigle officiel des her-
biers renfermant les spécimens étudiés (Holmgren &
Keuken 1974). Il s'agit notamment de l'herbier du
Musée national des sciences naturelles à Ottawa
(CAN), du ministère de l'Agriculture à Ottawa (DAO),
de l'Université Harvard à Cambridge (GH), du Mani-
toba Museum of Man and Nature à Winnipeg
(MMMN), de l'Université Queen's à Kingston (Qk),
de l'Université de Toronto (TRT), de l’Université de
Winnipeg (WIN), et de la station de recherches
nucléaires Whiteshell à Pinawa (WNRE). Les herbiers
sans sigle officiel se sont fait attribuer les suivants:
Parc national du mont Riding (RMNP), J.C. Ritchie,
Scarborough College, Toronto (JCR) et R.M. Hardy
and Associates Ltd., Calgary (HALC).

Ces références confirment la rareté de la plante
au Manitoba ou fournissent des données supplémen-
taires sur cette plante dans la province. Le lecteur
pourra aussi consulter deux autres ouvrages sur les
plantes du Manitoba: The Flora of Manitoba (Scog-
gan 1957) et The Flora of Canada (Scoggan 1978-
79). Ces deux ouvrages n'ont pas été cités pour
éviter d'en répéter trop souvent la mention. En
consultant ces publications, le lecteur ferait bien de
se reporter à l'Annexe |, qui rejette un certain
nombre de plantes qui y sont présentées.

4e rubrique

La principale source de renseignements sur la
répartition au Canada nous a été fournie par Boivin
(1967) et Scoggan (1978-79); dans le cas des Etats-
Unis, nous nous sommes inspirés de divers ouvra-
ges, dont ceux de Fernald (1950) et de Hitchcock et

al. (1955-69). Nous avons également puisé des
données utiles dans les cartes établies par Hultén
(1968), Porsild (1964), Raup (1947) et d'autres
monographies. La distribution des expeces en Ameé-
rique du Nord est présentée en deux parties, sépa-
rees par un point-virgule. Nous avons indiqué
d’abord la répartition de l'espèce au Canada et en
Alaska, puis dans les Etats contigus des E.-U. Au
Canada et en Alaska, les territoires sont désignés par
le nom de la province, ou de l'Etat, et sont présentés
en deux groupes qui vont, grosso modo, d'ouest en
est. Le premier groupe couvre l'Alaska jusqu'aux
Territoires du Nord-ouest (Alas-Y-TNO) et le second,
la Colombie-Britannique jusqu'au Labrador (CB-Alta-
Sask-Man-Ont-Qué-NB-IPE-NE-TN-Lab). Le tiret indi-
que une distribution continue et la virgule une distri-
bution discontinue. Fait exception à cette règle le
groupe Alaska-Territoires du Nord-ouest, toujours
suivi d'une virgule pour le distinguer du deuxième
groupe. La répartition de l'espèce dans les Etats
contigus est donnée par une liste des Etats ou des
régions géographiques considérés du nord au sud
par rapport à l'aire canadienne, et habituellement
d'ouest en est. Encore une fois, la virgule indique une
discontinuité dans la distribution.

5e rubrique

La distribution de l'espèce dans la province est
indiquée par les toponymes connus ou renvoi à la
carte de répartition.

6e rubrique

On y trouve des renvois à des cartes publiées. La
plupart de ces références sont tirées des index
publiés par H. Tralau (1969-74) et Phillips & Stuckey
(1976). Lorsqu'une carte ne couvre qu’une partie de
l'aire totale de répartition d’une espèce en Amérique
du Nord, le nom du territoire compris dans cette
partie est indiqué à la fin du renvoi, par exemple:
Porsild 1964 Can, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

7e rubrique

Les brèves descriptions d'habitats proviennent
des dossiers d’herbiers ou des ouvrages de Boivin
(1967-79) et de Scoggan (1978-79).

8e rubrique

L'usager trouvera, dans certains cas, des observa-
tions sur la rareté, l'extinction ou l'éradication de
l'espèce dans d'autres provinces ou aux Etats-Unis.
La condition des espèces au Canada se fonde sur les
listes déjà publiées sur l'Alberta (Argus & White
1978), la portion continentale des Territoires du

Nord-ouest (Cody 1979), la Nouvelle-Ecosse (Maher
et al. 1978), l'Ontario (Argus & White 1977), la
Saskatchewan (Maher et al. 1979) et le Yukon (en
préparation).

Les données analogues relatives aux Etats-Unis
sont tirées du receuil des listes du gouvernement et
des Etats américains compilées par Kartesz & Kar-
tesz (1977) et Ayensu & DeFilipps (1978), de même
que d'autres ouvrages plus récents sur |’Alabama
(Thomas 1976), le Colorado (Weber & Johnson
1976), le Connecticut (Dowhan & Craig 1976; Meh-
rhoff 1978), le Kansas (McGregor 1977), le Maine
(Eastman 1978), le Massachusetts (Coddington &
Field 1978), le New Hampshire (Storks & Crow
1978), New York (Mitchell 1979; Zander 1976), la
Caroline du Nord (Cooper et al. 1977), l'Ohio (Stuc-
key & Roberts 1977), le Rhode Island (Church &
Chaplin 1978), la Caroline du Sud (Rayner 1979), le
Dakota du Sud (Schumacher 1978), le Tennessee
(Collins et al. 1976) et le Vermont (Countryman
1978).

9e rubrique

Cette rubrique présente à l’occasion des rensei-
gnements sur les mesures législatives protégeant
l'espèce au Canada, sur la possibilité d'introduire
cette plante dans la province et, dans le cas des
plantes vouées à une éradication éventuelle, sur la
date du dernier prélèvement.

Annexes

La liste principale est suivie de deux annexes. La
première contient une liste des espèces exclues,
c'est-à-dire celles qui sont présentées comme espè-
ces rares dans les ouvrages spécialisés mais que
nous avons du retrancher pour une raison quelcon-
que. La deuxième annexe comprend une liste des
plantes rares du Manitoba dans l'ordre
taxonomique.

Des cartes de répartition sont données pour cha-
que espèce de la liste. Ces cartes sont fondées sur
des spécimens d'herbiers (points) et des ouvrages
spécialisés (cercles). On n'a pas procédé à la réiden-
tification de tous les spécimens, mais ceux-ci ont été
observés et vérifiés de manière à prévenir les er-
reurs flagrantes.

E. Répartition des plantes rares au Manitoba

Les données disponibles sur la flore du Manitoba,
en particulier celle du centre et du nord, ne sont pas
assez complètes pour permettre d'analyser en pro-
fondeur la phytogéographie de cette province. En
effet, la répartition connue d'une espèce, telle qu’el-
le apparaît sur une carte, est souvent trompeuse,
car elle tend à faire ressortir les endroits fréquentés

par les botanistes. De plus des espèces vraisembla-
blement rares, sont difficiles à repérer à cause de
leur taille minuscule, de leur ressemblance avec des
espèces plus communes ou parce qu'elles ne sont
pas écloses et qu'elles passent inaperçues.

Nous avions espéré que la superposition des car-
tes de distribution des plantes rares nous permet-
trait de circonscrire les refuges de ces espèces. Or,
les résultats n'ont pas toujours été probants car la
répartition de la plupart des espèces suit des modè-
les fort complexes. Il semble toutefois y avoir plu-
sieurs refuges au Manitoba: la partie nord et la
toundra côtière longeant la baie d'Hudson, c'est-
à-dire là où les espèces arctiques ne font que péné-
trer dans la province; le sud-est, où les espèces des
forêts de l'est tentent de s’insinuer dans la province;
et le sud-ouest, où les espèces de l'ouest et des
grandes plaines atteignent leur limite. Ces régions
comprennent surtout des espèces périphériques;
aussi, pour mieux comprendre leur mode de réparti-
tion, il faut tenir compte de leurs affinités avec les
espèces des autres provinces.

Espèces des forêts décidues de l’est. Un des plus
imposants groupes de plantes rares du Manitoba se
compose des espèces appartenant aux forêts déci-
dues de l’est. Ces plantes pénètrent dans la province
surtout par le sud-est; elles se rencontrent de façon
sporadique ou détaché jusque dans la région du Pas.
Par exemple, Pinus strobus et Panicum linearifolium
sont confinées dans le sud-est du Manitoba, tandis
qu'Arethusa bulbosa se retrouve par-ci, par-là au
nord et à l'ouest. Lycopodium lucidulum apparaît de
façon détachée dans le parc national du mont Ri-
ding, seul habitat connu de cette espèce au Manito-
ba. Des plantes plus timides typiques des forêts
décidues de l'est, comme Sanguinaria canadensis,
Hepatica americana, Uvularia sessilifolia et Arisae-
ma triphyllum croissent à l'ouest de la portion sud-
est dans les zones de foréts décidues des hautes
collines du sud de la province, comme les collines
Pembina, Tiger et le mont Turtle. Un population
détachée de Celtis occidentalis, espèce courante
dans les forêts au sud et à l'est du Manitoba, se
retrouve uniquement sur une dune de sable à l'extré-
mité sud du lac Manitoba.

Espèces des prairies. Les plantes des pariries se
répartissent dans deux zones principales: les herbes
hautes de l’est, ou prairie véritable, et les grandes
plaines de l'ouest. La plupart de ces espèces se
trouvent dans la partie sud-est de la province, mais
certains spécimens de la première catégorie pénè-
trent dans la vallée de la rivière Rouge.

Espèces de l’ouest et de la cordillère. Certaines
espèces rares croissent essentiellement dans les

zones montagneuses. C'est le cas d’Arnica cordifo-
lia, Astragalus aboriginum et Kalmia microphylla.
D'autres telles que /mpatiens noli-tangere, Muhlen-
bergia andina, Orobanche ludoviciana, Polanisia do-
decandra et Woodsia oregana se rencontrent çà et
la dans l'ouest de l'Amérique du Nord. Certaines de
ces espèces, comme Muhlenbergia andina et Oro-
banche ludoviciana, atteignent leur limite orientale
dans l'ouest du Manitoba et d'autres, comme Woog-
Sia oregana, se rencontrent en populations déta-
chées jusqu’au Québec.

Espèces côtières. Un quatrième groupe comprend
les espèces côtières maritimes que l'on rencontre
au Manitoba le long de la baie d'Hudson. Certaines
de ces plantes occupent un territoire très restreint;
c'est le cas d'espèces endémiques à la baie d’Hud-
son comme Euphrasia vinacea, Linum lewisii ssp.
lepagei et Oxytropis bellii. D'autres, comme Zostera
marina, sont très répandues le long des côtes
d'Amérique du Nord. Au Manitoba, certaines espè-
ces côtières maritimes se retrouvent le long d'une
grande partie de la baie d'Hudson; c'est le cas
d’Arenaria peploides, Hippuris tetraphylla et Matri-
caria ambigua. D'autres plantes sont concentrées
dans une seule zone, comme Draba incana à Chur-
chill et Carex paleacea à York Factory.

Espèces de la forêt boréale. Certaines espèces
rares de la forêt boréale, comme Carex pauciflora et
Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda, sont répan-
dues mais en population sporadique dans les vastes
forêts boreales d'Amérique du Nord. D'autres peu-
vent être classées comme des espèces de la forêt
boréale orientale qui atteignent leur limite occiden-
tale au Manitoba. Listera auriculata, propre au mont
Duck, en est un exemple. D'autres encore peuvent
être considérées comme des espèces de la forêt
boréale de l’ouest qui atteignent leur limite orientale
au Manitoba; c'est notamment le cas d'Astragalus
bodiniiet de Carex loliacea.

Espèces de la toundra. Les espèces de la toundra
subarctique se rencontrent le long de la côte de la
baie d'Hudson et dans les régions éloignées à l'extré-
me nord de la province, comme la région du lac
Baralzon. Diapensia lapponica, Hierochloe alpina et
Salix herbacea sont concentrées dans cette région
du nord, tandis qu'Alopecurus alpinus, Campanula
uniflora et Dryas integrifolia se retrouvent le long de
la côte. Bon nombre d'espèces côtières comme
Carex bicolor, Draba nivalis, Eriophorum callitrix et
Pedicularis lapponica ont été rencontrées unique-
ment dans la région du Churchill. Il importe de noter
que la liste compte 27 espéces propres a cette
region, situation peut-être attribuable aux caracté-
ristiques particulières de la région ou encore aux

recherches intenses qui s'y sont déroulées depuis
bon nombre d'années.

Bien que la majorité des plantes rares se retrou-
vent dans les groupes susmentionnés, il existe d’au-
tres catégories qui, si elles contiennent peu d’espe-
ces, n'en sont pas moins intéressantes. Des plantes
comme Dicentra cucullaria, Deschampsia atropurpu-
rea et Luzula spicata montrent deux populations très
distinctes en Amérique du Nord, l’un à l'est et l’autre
à l’ouest, au centre desquelles se trouve le Manito-
ba. Certains de ces ‘‘détachements”’ peuvent être le
résultat d'un faible collectionnement dans la région,
ou encore d’un manque d’habitats appropriés dans
les prairies canadiennes. Enfin, il faut signaler un
dernier mode de répartition, celui des espèces rares
mais répandues. Par exemple, Malaxis paludosa,
Adoxa moschatellina et Botrychium matricariaefo-
lium se retrouvent à bien des endroits en Amérique
du Nord, tout en demeurant rares dans l’ensemble
de leur aire.

Toundra

Transition

IN Ë

Forêt boréale

A
<

Forét de trembles

Prairie

bo ES Es

Forêt décidues de
l'est

FIGURE 1. Carte de la végétation du Manitoba

10

Une carte de la végétation du Manitoba (figure 1)
donne une idée des modes de répartition des espè-
ces. Certaines plantes sont étroitement associées à
une zone particulière de végétation. C'est le cas
d'Arnica fulgens dans la zone des prairies, de Stella-
ria humifusa dans la toundra subarctique et de Pinus
strobus dans la zone des forêt décidues de l'est.
Beaucoup d’autres espéces, toutefois, poussent
dans des habitats couvrant plusieurs zones: citons
Carex livida et Drosera linearis dans les marais
calcaires.

Nous constatons qu'aux modes de répartition
établis se superposent d'autres modes déterminés
par la marge de tolérance distincte de certaines
plantes rares. Quelquefois, cette marge de tolérance
est si étroite, ou encore les conditions idéales si peu
fréquentes, que cela constitue un facteur important
de restriction de la distribution. Les plantes rares du
Manitoba qui ne tolèrent guère un milieu défavorable
sont, par exemple, les plantes calciphiles de falaise
comme Pellaea glabella var. occidentalis et Woodsia
alpina; les plantes de marécage calcaire comme
Drosera linearis et Scirpus rufus; les plantes des
crétes et creux de dune comme Chenopodium sub-
glabrum, Hudsonia tomentosa et Orobanche ludovi-
ciana; les plantes des marais acides comme Arethu-
sa bulbosa et Calopogon tuberosus; et les plantes
des rives et terres alcalines comme Atriplex argen-
tea, Heliotropium curassavicum et Plantago elongata
ssp. elongata.

La derniére question a examiner ici est celle des
effets de l’activité humaine sur les plantes rares. En
général, ces effets sont minimes au Manitoba si l'on
considère la province dans son ensemble. Toutefois,
ses répercussions dans la région des prairies ou
encore dans le sud de la province sont considéra-
bles. Depuis le début du siècle, le paysage du sud de
la province, qui représente un tiers de la superficie
totale, a été sensiblement modifié par l'homme: les
plantes de cette région ont été gênées par les
incendies, le labourage, le drainage, le pâturage,
l'amélioration des prés et l'expansion des mauvaises
herbes. Evaluer ces répercussions n'est pas chose
facile, car il existe aucune étude détaillée sur la
situation antérieure et sur les conditions actuelles.
Au Manitoba, certaines espèces n'ont pas été re-
cueillies depuis bon nombre d'années et semblent
avoir disparu par suite de l’activité humaine. Ama-
ranthus tuberculatus et Carex woodii n'ont pas été
rencontrées depuis plus de 90 ans, et Allium tricoc-
cum, Astragalus lotiflorus, Carex hookerana, Krigia
biflora et Minuartia stricta depuis plus de 50 ans.

Toutefois, on n'a pas encore entrepris de recher-

ches sérieuses afin de localiser ces plantes, et il est
possible qu'elles existent toujours.

Tandis qu'un grand nombre de plantes du Manito-
ba ont vu leur population décimée au point de passer
pour disparues dans certains cas, d'autres élargis-
sent par contre leur territoire. Il est possible que
certaines plantes, considérées comme rares, de-
viendront de plus en plus courantes et que d’autres,
actuellement inconnues au Manitoba, pénétreront
un jour ou l’autre dans la province.

Si nous voulons vivre en harmonie avec notre
environnement et profiter de la diversité naturelle
qu'il offre, nous devons protéger les endroits où
croissent les plantes dont la population est déjà
restreinte ou encore celles qui ont besoin d'un
habitat particulier. Il faut également faire en sorte
que les espèces communes ne deviennent pas rares
ou menacées d'extinction. Il ne s’agit pas de renon-
cer au développement et au progrès mais bien de
prendre en considération le milieu naturel des plan-
tes au moment de tracer les grandes lignes des
programmes d'exploitation, et de protéger certaines
zones afin que la flore sauvage puisse s'y épanouir
dans toute sa diversité. Pour ce faire, il faudra
nécessairement délimiter un certain nombre de
grandes zones dans la province. Ces zones proté-
gées n'offriront aucun revenu économique à court
terme, mais elles permettront aux générations à
venir de profiter d'une saine diversité biologique.

Nous aimerions souligner, en dernier lieu, la né-
cessité d'effectuer d'autres études sur la distribu-
tion et l'habitat des plantes rares au Manitoba. Des
populations plus importantes seraient vraisembla-
blement découvertes en particulier dans le cas des
espèces boréales et côtières. Il est evident, toute-
fois, que les endroits où se manifeste la dépendance
entre les diverses espèces rares et leur habitat
doivent être reconnus comme zones naturelles et
protégés par la loi avant qu'il ne soit trop tard.
Parallèlement, nous devons envisager de recourir au
gouvernement pour assurer la protection de certai-
nes espèces. La présente liste des plantes vasculai-
res rares du Manitoba contribuera, nous l'espérons,
à la realisation de ces objectifs par l'apport de
quelques données fondamentales.

F. Plantes rares canadiennes de la flore du
Manitoba

Bien que notre étude des plantes rares du Manito-
ba ait été limitée au territoire même de la province,
bon nombre de ces plantes ont une valeur pour le
pays tout entier, notamment les plantes canadien-
nes endémiques qu'on ne retrouve qu’au Manitoba

ou alors seulement en petites populations empiétant
sur les provinces ou territoires voisins. Au Manitoba
ces espèces endémiques sont confinées aux côtes
de la baie d'Hudson. Un deuxième groupe comprend
les espèces périphériques concentrées surtout aux
Etats-Unis. Ces espèces se retrouvent en nombre
très limité au Canada et sont considérées comme
rares dans toutes les provinces où elles pénètrent.
Le Tableau | donne la liste des espèces appartenant
à ces catégories. Malaxis paludosa constitue une
exception: cette plante est rare partout au Canada

sla

et on ne lui connait qu’une petite population au
Minnesota. Le cas de Carex rufina est également
intéressant: on ne connaît de cette plante que deux
populations en Amérique du Nord, l’une au lac
Nueltin et l’autre dans les Territoires du Nord-ouest.
Cette espèce croît surtout au Groenland et en Scan-
dinavie. Un certain nombre d'espèces concentrées
au Etats-Unis, telles que Cypripedium arietinum et C.
candidum sont considérées comme menacées ou
même menacées d'extinction dans ce pays (Ayensu
& DeFilipps 1978).

TABLEAU |
PLANTES RARES DU CANADA

A. Plantes canadiennes endémiques
Euphrasia vinacea
Linum lewisii ssp. lepagei
Oxytropis bellii

B. Espèces périphériques

1. Concentrées au Manitoba
Agalinis aspera
Amorpha fruticosa var. angustifolia
Carex stricta Var. elongata
Euphorbia geyeri
Muhlenbergia andina
Scutellaria parvula var. leonardii
Tradescantia occidentalis
Vernonia fasciculata var. corymbosa
2. Présentes dans d’autres provinces
Asclepias lanuginosa
Aster sericeus
Astragalus neglectus
Buchloe dactyloides

Carex rufina

Carex woodii
Conopholis americana
Cypripidium arietinum
Cypripedium candidum
Krigia biflora

Lactuca floridana
Lomatium orientale
Malaxis paludosa
Microseris cuspidata
Panicum perlongum
Panicum wilcoxianum
Ranunculus fascicularis
Saxifraga pensylvanica
Solidago riddellii
Veronicastrum virginicum

G. Protection des plantes rares au Manitoba

Le meilleur moyen de protéger les plantes rares
consiste à préserver les habitats dont elles ont
besoin pour se reproduire et survivre. Pour ce faire,

il importe que des zones privilégiées de prairies, de
forêts et de parcs naturels soient protégées par le
législateur ou achetées par des particuliers sensibles
à la cause. Que les mesures législatives appropriées

12

s'appliquent d'abord aux espèces, par exemple l'En-
dangered Species Act de l'Ontario, ou au milieu
naturel, comme l'Ecological Reserves Act de la
Colombie-Britannique, l'esprit reste le même: proté-
ger les espèces dans leurs habitats naturels en
empêchant la modification ou la destruction de cet
habitat. Au Manitoba, il n'existe actuellement aucu-
ne loi semblable pour protéger les plantes rares ou
menacées, toutefois, des articles d'autres lois tou-
chent la protection des plantes et de leur milieu.

La Wildlife Act de 1970 assure une protection
limitée du milieu en prévoyant des ‘‘refuges’’ et des
“Zones de gestion de la faune”. Bien que ces zones
aient été créées et soient administrées en fonction
des animaux, les plantes se trouvent à en bénéficier.
Chaque espèce animale menacée est protégée en
vertu d’une annexe distincte qui s'inscrit dans les
règlements. On avait songé à procéder de la même
manière pour protéger les plantes rares ou mena-
cées, mais rienn’a encore été fait.

La Forest Act de 1974 et la Provincial Park Lands
Act de 1972 contiennent un reglement qui interdit
de ‘cueillir, couper, enlever ou détruire’’ toute
forme de flore dans les parcs et foréts de la province
sans l'autorisation du ministre. Il est rare que l'on
applique ce reglement, mais des poursuites ont été
intentées contre des personnes qui s'étaient appro-
prié des Cypridedium reginae dans les forêts ou
encore divers arbres et arbustes dans les parcs
provinciaux.

Au Manitoba, il existe plusieurs catégories de
parcs provinciaux, y compris les parcs naturels, les
parcs fauniques et les parcs du patrimoine. À ce jour,
la province compte 12 parcs naturels, qui couvrent
environ 9,600 km2 au total. Il en existe de petits,
très achalandés, dans le sud de la province (Bird’s
Hill, 13.6 km2 ) et de plus grands, peu fréquentés, au
nord du Pas (Grass River, 333 km2 ). La province n'a
pas encore créé de refuges fauniques, et seulement
deux petits parcs du patrimoine ont été délimités. La
Park Lands Act prévoit que des parcs provinciaux
seront créés et entretenus en vue de préserver des
zones naturelles présentant un intérêt biologique et
récréatif. Cette loi semble donc insister sur la pré-
servation, et les promoteurs de ces parcs ont cher-
ché à faire adopter un règlement de zonage de
manière à limiter l'accès et l’activité dans les régions
les plus sensibles du point de vue écologique. Néan-
moins, la plupart des grands parcs provinciaux (sur
le plan de la superficie et de la diversité) ont été
établis dans des réserves forestières et sont tou-
jours désignés comme forêts à usages multiples
parallèlement à leur désignation de parc provincial.
Ainsi, en plus des sports et loisirs, la coupe du bois,

l'exploitation minière, le piégeage et la chasse sont
encore des activités courantes dans la plupart des
parcs provinciaux.

La Direction des parcs a bien essayé d'obtenir la
régie de l'utilisation et du développement des parcs,
mais s'est trouvée léser en tombant sous la tutelle
du ministère des Ressources naturelles, à la suite
d'un remaniement gouvernemental. Aujourd'hui, la
Direction des parcs ne s'occupe plus que de planifi-
cation, d'interprétation et d'administration. De
grandes décisions concernant l'affectation des res-
sources sont prises par d'autres directions. Ce chan-
gement d'orientation est loin d’être favorable à la
protection de toutes ces plantes rares qui croissent
dans les parcs et réserves forestières du Manitoba.
Nous exhortons vivement le ministère des Ressour-
ces naturelles à adopter une politique globale en
matière de gestion des parcs, qui comprendra, dans
ses principaux objectifs, la protection des espèces
importantes et représentatives.

Au niveau fédéral, la Loi sur les parcs nationaux de
1970 prévoit une protection un peu plus efficace des
plantes. En plus d'interdire l'exploitation des res-
sources, ou du moins d'imposer des conditions très
sévères aux exploitants, cette Loi prévoit le zonage
de certaines parties de parcs en vue de restreindre
les répercussions des activités humaines sur l’écolo-
gie des régions vulnérables. Le parc national du
mont Riding, seul parc fédéral au Manitoba, possède
une superficie d'environ 3,000 km2. Il s'étend sur un
plateau onduleux qui fait partie de l'escarpement du
Manitoba et comprend un large éventail de popula-
tions propres au sud des régions boréales, aux
savanes et aux prairies de fétuques du nord. Un
certain nombre de plantes rares ne se trouvent que
dans ce parc.

On songe actuellement à constituer la région de la
rivière Bloodvein en parc national. Intacte et magni-
fique, cette région du sud de la forêt boréale est
comprise dans le Bouclier canadien à l'est du Lac
Winnipeg. Malheureusement, les nombreux change-
ments survenus au sein du gouvernement depuis
deux ans ont empêché la désignation de ce parc et
ont relégué le projet aux oubliettes.

Plusieurs régions pourraient, un jour ou l'autre,
devenir des parcs nationaux ou provinciaux, à com-
mencer par celle de Churchill. Comme nous l'avons
mentionné précédemment, bien des plantes rares
semblent propres à cette région et, même si des
recherches futures devraient révéler de plus gran-
des aires pour certaines espèces, les autres s’avére-
ront de toute évidence des populations détachées.
La région de Churchill étant la plus exploitée autour

de la baie d’Hudson, une protection quelconque
s'impose.

Il existe d'autres méthodes de protection tout
aussi efficaces que les parcs nationaux ou provin-
ciaux. Les collines de sable Carberry, région de
dunes actives formées des alluvions d'une grande
rivière qui se jetait autrefois dans le lac glaciaire
Agassiz, renferment un certain nombre de plantes
rares aux habitats restreints. Les dunes sont actuel-
lement sur le territoire de la Défence nationale
puisqu'elles font partie de la réserve militaire du
camp Shilo. Le gouvernement fédéral s'est vu accor-
der un bail à long terme par l'administration provin-
ciale, et les plaines sablonneuses adjacentes servent
à l'entrainement des forces du Canada et de l'OTAN.
A l'heure actuelle, une petite partie des dunes, gérée
par la Direction des parcs provinciaux, est accessible
au public; le reste demeure un terrain privé. Un
comité consultatif mixte, composé de fonctionnai-
res provinciaux, de particuliers et de militaires,
contrôle actuellement l'incidence des manoeuvres
militaires sur l’environnement. Bien que le comité ne
jouisse d'aucun pouvoir exécutif, ses membres sont
au courant de la présence de plantes rares et d’au-
tres caractéristiques particulières aux dunes. Aussi
prennent-ils ces données en considération au mo-
ment de formuler des recommandations à la Défen-
ce nationale en ce qui a trait à la protection de ces
zones sensibles. Pour le moment, les dunes sem-
blent protégées puisqu’aucune manoeuvre militaire
ne s'y déroule. Néanmoins, la région présente suf-
fisamment de particularités pour que soit envisagé
l'établissement d'un parc provincial ou national,
advenant le retrait de l'armée.

La création de réserves écologiques, comme en
Colombie-Britannique, est une autre façon de proté-
ger les plantes rares et leurs habitats. Le program-
me actuel de réserves écologiques au Manitoba se
réfère à la Crown Lands Act de 1954 pour désigner
les régions à protéger. Les efforts déployés en ce
sens de 1967 à 1973 sont dus au Programme
biologique international (IBP). Les relevés biologi-
ques effectués dans le cadre du programme ont
permis de localiser et de documenter environ 75
zones écologiques importantes dans la province.
Bien que certaines de ces zones fussent situées dans
l'enceinte de parcs provinciaux et nationaux et de ce
fait protégées, d'autres ne l'étaient pas du tout, et
quelques-unes étaient même grandement pertur-
bées par l'homme. Peu après 1970, le comité mani-
tobain du IBP a essayé en vain de faire adopter une
loi sur les réserves écologiques de la province. Après
des pressions soutenues, toutefois, le gouverne-
ment du Manitoba créait en 1973 un programme de

15

réserves écologiques en recourant à un décret qui
les désignait comme telles en vertu de la Crown
Lands Act de 1954. Même si la première réserve
écologique ne fut établie que trois ans plus tard, le
Manitoba compte maintenant 4 réserves dont la
superficie varie de 62 a 14,200 hectares. L'une
d'elles, la Wampum Red Pine, a été créée expressé-
ment pour protéger une population de Pinus
resinosa.

Ces réserves écologiques sont proposées, étu-
diées et gérées par un comité consultatif technique
(ERTAC), qui se compose de planificateurs et de
biologistes attachés au ministère provincial des Res-
sources naturelles ainsi qu’à d'autres organismes.

Il n'existe actuellement aucune ligne directrice
concernant l'établissement ou la gestion des réser-
ves écologiques, mais cette lacune devrait être
comblée d'ici peu car l'ERTAC envisage de créer un
réseau qui engloberait toutes les principales com-
munautés végétales et animales du Manitoba. Le
projet doit être soumis à l'approbation du ministre
au début de 1980; ce dernier a d’ailleurs déclaré que
le Parlement du Manitoba adopterait au cours de
l’année soit une loi distincte sur les réserves écologi-
ques, soit un article pertinent dans le cadre d’une loi
globale sur l’environment. Ces mesures accorderont
aux réserves d'aujourd'hui et de demain une protec-
tion légale beaucoup plus grande. La création de
réserves écologiques et le zonage des parcs provin-
ciaux et nationaux constituent probablement la meil-
leure façon de protéger la majorité des plantes rares
du Manitoba. En plus de la loi comme telle, des
dispositions seront prises pour protéger des espèces
végétales et animales déterminées.

Des groupes privés ont, par leurs démarches,
convaincu le gouvernement d'adopter des mesures
législatives de protection. La société des naturalis-
tes du Manitoba s'est faite le principal promoteur de
la préservation de l'habitat, de la flore et de la faune,
par l'entremise de conférences, de bulletins et de
mémoires aux organismes gouvernementaux. La
société parraine également Manitoba Nature, revue
trimestrielle qui traite de questions relatives à l'his-
toire naturelle et à la conservation dans la province.
La Manitoba Wildlife Federation, la Manitoba Wildlife
Foundation, Ducks Unlimited et une section du Sier-
ra Club participent activement à la préservation des
habitats, soit en agissant d'eux-mêmes, soit en
faisant pression auprès des gouvernements fédéral
et provinciaux pour qu'ils adoptent les mesures
voulues.

Bien qu'un grand nombre de régions aient été
victimes de l'exploitation, d’autres sont désormais
protégées et, si le gouvernement provincial adopte

14

les lois promises, il y aura lieu d'être optimiste quant
à la protection des plantes rares et de leurs habitats
au Manitoba.

H. Remerciements

Nous aimerions souligner l'importante contribu-
tion de Monsieur George W. Argus, directeur du
programme des plantes rares et menacées, dont les
initiatives, les conseils et les encouragements ont
permis à la présente publication de voir le jour. Nous
remercions aussi Monsieur J.K. Morton, de l'Univer-
sité de Waterloo, qui a bien voulu mettre à notre
dispoistion le fichier des plantes rares du Canada
constitué par MME Linda Kershaw. Nous voudrions
également exprimer notre gratitude aux personnes
suivantes pour leur aimable collaboration: B. Boivin,
Agriculture Canada, Ottawa; J. Canne, Université de

Guelph; W.J. Cody, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa; J.
Dawson, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa; H.L. Dickson,
Musée national des sciences naturelles, Ottawa;
J.M. Gillett, Musée national des sciences naturelles,
Ottawa; E. Haber, Musée national des sciences natu-
relles, Ottawa; M.I. Heagy, Université Western Onta-
rio, London; P. Hoch, Missouri Botanical Garden, St.
Louis; G. Keleher, Université du Manitoba, Winnipeg;
W. Krivda, Le Pas; R.V. Maher, ministère albertain de
la Récréation, des Parcs et de la Faune, Edmonton;
J.L. Parker, Gilbert Plains; J.C. Ritchie, Scarborough
College, Toronto; J.M. Shay, Université du Manito-
ba, Winnipeg; V. Smith, R.M. Hardy & Associates
Ltd., Calgary; J.H. Soper, Musée national des scien-
ces naturelles, Ottawa; R. Staniforth, Université de
Winnipeg; M. Sussman, Ottawa; et S. Wolf, Université
de l'Alberta, Edmonton.

LISTE DES PLANTES VASCULAIRES RARES DU MANITOBA

Acnida tamariscina = Amaranthus tuberculatus

Adlumia fungosa (Ait.) Greene
Sources: WIN.
REPARTITION: CB, seMan-NB, NE; Minn-Tenn-Nouvelle-

Angleterre.

MANITOBA. Parc provincial de Whiteshell (lac Hawk
ouest).

HABITAT: Bois humides.

CONDITIONS: Menacée d'extinction en Caroline du

Nord et au Tennessee, menacée dans le Wisconsin,
et rare dans le Massachusetts, le Michigan, le Min-
nesota, le New Hampshire, le Rhode Island et la
Virginie.

Nora: On a probablement planté un spécimen enregis-
tré à Winnipeg (WIN).

Adoxa moschatellina L.

Sources: MMMN: Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw 1976, Ker-
shaw & Morton 1976.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-oMan-Ont; Mont-NM, nWyo,
Minn-lll, NY.

ManitoBa: Collines Porcupine.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Maher et al. 1979 Sask,
Porsild 1966 Can.

HABITAT: Bois humides.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des
Territoires du Nord-ouest, l'Ontario et la Saskatche-
wan. Menacée d'extinction dans le Dakota du Sud et
le Wisconsin, menacée dans le Colorado, et rare
dans l'Illinois et l'Iowa.

Agalinis aspera (Dougl.) Britt.
(Gerardia aspera Dougl.)
Sources: CAN; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw 1976.
REPARTITION: SMan; DN-Okla-Wisc.
MANiToBA: Stony Mountain.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU, Pennell 1929,
1935.

HABITAT. Glaise graveleuse.
CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada et dans l'Iowa.

Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf.
(Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl)

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, OAC, WIN; Boivin 1969-
VS).

REPARTITION: SeMan-soQué; DN-Colo-Okla-NY.
MANITOBA: Lettonia, Dugald et Vita.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU, Pennell 1929,
1935.

HABITAT: Endroits humides.
CONDITIONS: Menacée d'extinction dans le Colorado.

Agropyron latiglume = A. violaceum ssp. violaceum

Agropyron trachycaulum var. latiglume = A.
violaceum ssp. violaceum

Agropyron violaceum (Hornem.) Lange ssp. violaceum

(A. latiglume (Scribn. & Sm.) Rydb., A.
trachycaulum (Link) Malte var. latiglume (Scribn. &
Sm.) Beetle)

Sources: CAN, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-nMan, nOnt, Qué, Lab;
Mont.

ManitoBa: Churchill et York Factory.
Carte: Porsild 1964 Can, Raup 1947.
HaBITAT: Endroits graveleux.
CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario.

Alisma gramineum Gmel.
SOURCES: WIN.

REPARTITION: so CB -sMan-s Qué; Wash-nCal-Colo-Minn-
NY.

MANITOBA: Baie Pruden et Brandon.

Carte: Hendricks 1957, Hultén 1958, McGregor &
Barkley 1977 cEU, Meusel et al. 1965.

HABITAT: Eaux peu profondes et berges boueuses.

Allium tricoccum Ait.
Sources: DAO.

REPARTITION: SCMan-NB, NE; Minn-Géo-Nouvelle Angle -
terre.

MANITOBA: Morden.

Carte: Doyon & LaVoie 1966 Qué, McGregor & Bark-
ley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Bois luxuriants.

CONDITIONS: Menacée en Nouvelle-Ecosse et rare dans
le Tennessee.

Nota: Depuis 1923, on n’en a trouvé aucun spécimen
au Manitoba.
Allocarya californica = Plagiobothrys scouleri

Alopecurus alpinus Sm. ssp. alpinus
Sources: CAN, MMMN, OK.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, soSask, nMan-Qué, Lab.
ManitoBa: De Nunulla au cap Churchill.

Carte: Hadac 1960, Hultén 1968, Porsild 1964, Savile
1961 nAN.

HABITAT: Prairies et bords de cours d'eau.
CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario.

Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer
(Acnida tamariscina (Nutt.) Wood)
SOURCES: CAN.

REPARTITION: SoMan-soQué; DN-Kans-Louis-Tenn-Mich,
Ver.

MANITOBA: Rivière Souris.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.
HABITAT: Berges sablonneuses.
CONDITIONS: Rare dans le Vermont.

Nota: Depuis 1889 on n'en a trouvé aucun spécimen
au Manitoba.

16

Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hook.

(Franseria acanthicarpa (Hook.) Cov.)

Sources: DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: SAlta-soMan; Wash-Cal-Tex-DN, introduite
dans l'est.

ManitoBa: Grande Clarière.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU, Ramaley 1939.

Hasitat: Collines de sable erodées par le vent.

ConpiTions: Rare en Alberta.

Amorpha fruticosa L. var. angustifolia Pursh
Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Kershaw 1976.
REPARTITION: seMan; DN-NM-Tex-Wisc.
ManitoBa: D’East Selkirk au Large.
Carte: Fassett 1939a, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.
HABITAT: Prairies arides, bosquets et rives.
ConpiTIons: Rare au Canada.

Andropogon hallii Hack.

Sources: CAN, WIN.

REPARTITION: SOMan, introduite soOnt-sQué; Mont-Ariz-
Tex-DN, lowa.

ManitoBa: De Grand Clariére a Treesbank.

Carte: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 EU, McGregor &
Barkley 1977 EU, Ramaley 1939.

HABITAT: Prairies arides et collines de sable.

Anemone richardsonii Hook.
Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-nMan, nQué.
ManitoBa: Churchill et York Factory.
Carte: Bôcher 1951, Hultén 1968, Maher et al. 1979
Sask, Porsild 1964, Raup 1947.
HABITAT: Marais humides.
CONDITIONS: Rare en Saskatchewan.

Antennaria denikeana = A. plantaginifolia

Antennaria isolepis Greene
SOURCES: CAN, WIN.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan, Qué, Lab.
ManitoBa: Lac Nueltin.
Carte: Hultén 1968, Porsild 1950, Raup 1947.
HABITAT: Rives graveleuses.

Antennaria munda = A. parlinii

Antennaria parlinii Fern.

(A. munda Fern.)

Sources: DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: SeMan-Qué, NE; Minn-lll-Géo-Me.

ManITOBA: Lac du Bonnet et baie Indian.

HABITAT: Endroits arides et dégagés.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Nouvelle-Ecosse et dans l'Indiana,
et menacée en Pennsylvanie.

Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Hook.
(A. denikeana Boivin)
Sources: DAO, WIN.
REPARTITION: SeMan,sOnt-sQué, NE; Mont-Okla-Géo - Me.
MANITOBA: Lac Shoal et environs de Winnipeg.
Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.
HABITAT: Champs arides.

Arabis alpina L.

Sources: CAN, WIN.

REPARTITION: TNO, nMan-Qué, TN-Lab.

ManitoBa: Région de Churchill.

Carte: Hopkins 1937 neAN, Hultén 1958, Meusel et al.
1965, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Endroits rocheux et graveleux calcaires et
humides.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des Ter-
ritoires du Nord-ouest et en Ontario.

Arabis lyrata L.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-oMan-Ont; Wash-Mont-Mis-
souri-nGéo-Nouvelle-Angleterre.

MANITOBA: Cowan.

Carte: Hopkins 1937 eAN, Hultén 1968, Rollins 1941
oAN.

Hasitat: Bois sablonneux.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des
Territoires du Nord-ouest et l'Ontario. Menacée en
Caroline du Nord, et rare dans l'Iowa et la Virginie.

Aralia racemosa L.

SOURCES: WIN.

REPARTITION: SMan-NE; Minn-DS-Tex-Géo-Nouvelle Angle-
terre.

ManitoBa: Gimli et Camp Morton.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Bois humides.

CONDITIONS: Probablement éliminée dans le Texas, et
rare dans l’Alabama, le Kansas et le Dakota du Sud.

Arctagrostis latifolia (R. Br.) Griseb.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nCB-nMan-nQue, Lab.
ManitosBa: De Nunulla au cap Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1964, 1968, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Toundra humide ou marécageuse.
ConNDITIONS: Rare en Ontario.

Arenaria humifusa Wahl.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-oAlta, nMan-Qué, TN-Lab.

ManitosBa: Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1958, 1968, Raup 1947, Raymond
1950b, Porsild 1964.

Hasitat: Marécages et toundra.

Conpitions: Rare en Alberta et en Ontario.

Arenaria peploides L.

(Honckenya peploides (L.) Ehrh.)

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a,
Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan-Lab; Wash, Me-Vir.

ManitoBa: De la pointe Longue a Churchill, York
Factory.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild
1964 Can.

HABITAT: Rives marines sablonneuses.

Conpitions: Rare dans le Yukon. Menacée dans le New
Jersey et rare dans le Massachusetts.

Arenaria rubella = Minuartia rubella

17

Arenaria stricta var. uliginosa = Minuartia stricta Arnica fulgens Pursh
Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.
REPARTITION: SCB-sMan; Wash-Cal-Colo-DN.

ManitosBa: De Broomhill a Medora à Brandon, collines

Arenaria uliginosa = Minuartia stricta

Arethusa bulbosa L.

Sources: DAO, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Shay
1974.

REPARTITION: n&cSask, oc&seMan-NE, TN-Lab; Minn-
NJ-Me, CN.

ManitoBa: Du parc provincial de Nopining a Richer, du
Pas au lac Wekuskow.

Carte: Case 1964 Grands Lacs, Luer 1975, Maher et
al. 1979 Sask, Thien & Marcks 1972.

HABITAT: Marais et marécages.

CONDITIONS. Rare en Saskatchewan. Eliminée dans
l'Illinois, menacée d'extinction dans l’Indiana, la Ca-
roline du Nord, l'Ohio et la Caroline du Sud, mena-
cée dans le Connecticut, le Massachusetts, le Michi-
gan et le Wisconsin, et rare dans dans le Maine, le
New Hampshire et le Vermont.

Nota: Protegée par l'accord CITES (Argus 1978).

Arisaema triphyllum L.

Sources: DAO, MMMN, WIN; Johnson 1975, Shay
1974.

REPARTITION: SMan-NB, NE; DN-Louis-Flor-Me.

ManitoBa: De Winnipeg à Emerson.

Carte: Marie-Victorin 1931, McGregor & Barkley 1977
CEUPR

HABITAT: Bois luxuriants.

Aristida longiseta Steud.

Sources: CAN, DAO.

REPARTITION: SCB-sMan; Wash-Ariz-lowa-DN.

MaNnitoBaA: De Brandon a Treesbank.

Carte: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 EU, Maher et al. 1979
Sask, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Plaines arides et pentes graveleuses.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta, en Saskatchewan et dans
l'Iowa.

Armeria maritima (Mill) Willd. ssp. labradorica (Wallr.)

Lawr.

Sources: MMMN.

REPARTITION: TNO, nMan-nQué, TN-Lab; Colo.

Manitosa: Nunulla.

Carte: Hultén 1958, 1968, Lawrence 1947, Porsild
1955, 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Toundra.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario et menacée d'extinction
dans le Colorado.

Arnica cordifolia Hook.

Sources: DAO; Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: Y-T NO, CB-soMan; Wash-Cal-NM-DS- Mich.

MANITOBA: Parc national du mont Riding.

Carte: Hultén 1968, Maguire 1943.

HABITAT: Forêts de peuplier.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des Ter-
ritoires du Nord-ouest et menacée d'extinction dans
le Michigan.

de Pembina.
Carte: Maguire 1943.
HABITAT: Prairies humides et graveleuses.

Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. ssp. elatior (T. & G.) Hult.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-Alta, nMan, neOnt; Wash-
Oré-Mont.

ManitoBa: De Churchill à York Factory.

Carte: Cody 1971, Hultén 1968, Porsild 1964, Raup
1947.

HABITAT: Plages marines graveleuses.
CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario.

Asclepias lanuginosa Nutt.

Sources: DAO; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw 1976.
REPARTITION: SMan-soOnt; DN-Wyo-Kans-lll-Wisc.
MANITOBA: Sidney et Aweme.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU, Woodson 1954
EU.

HABITAT: Collines de sable.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada. Menacée dans le Wiscon-
sin et rare dans l'Illinois.

Aster macrophyllus L.

Sources: MMMN; Boivin 1967-79.
REPARTITION: SeMan-NE; Minn-Penn-Tenn-Me.

MANITOBA: Parc provincial de Whiteshell (lac Hawk
ouest).

CARTE: Fernald 1911, Parker 1932.
HABITAT: Bois feuillus.
CONDITIONS: Rare dans le Rhode Island.

Aster modestus Lindl.

Sources: CAN, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas -Y, CB-seMan-Ont; Wash-lda-Mont,
Minn, Mich.

MANITOBA: Réserve forestière de Sandilands et Mar-
chand.

Carte: Hultén 1968.
HABITAT: Prairies humides et clairières.
CONDITIONS: Rare au Yukon. Menacée dans le Michigan.

Aster sericeus Vent

SOURCES: CAN, DAO, WIN; Kershaw 1976.
REPARTITION: SeMan-oOnt; DN-Tex-Tenn-Mich.
ManitoBa: De Pine Ridge à Arnaud.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU, Parker 1932.
HABITAT: Prairies arides.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada. Menacée d'extinction
dans le Tennessee, menacée dans le Michigan, et
rare dans |'Indiana, l'Iowa et le Minnesota.

18

Astragalus aboriginum Richards.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-sMan, Que; Oré-Nev-Colo-
DN.

ManitoBa: Gimli, de St-Lazare a l'embouchure de la
rivière Qu'Appelle.

Carte: Barneby 1964, Hultén 1968, McGregor & Bark-
ley 1977 cEU, Wood 1972.

HABITAT: Berges des cours d'eau et plaines.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des Ter-
ritoires du Nord-ouest.

Astragalus bodinii Sheld.

(A. yukonis M. E. Jones)

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Kershaw 1976, Kershaw &
Morton 1976.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, Alta, ecSask, cMan, TN; Wyo-
Utah-Neb.

ManiTOBA: Lacs Cross et Pipestone.

Carte: Barneby 1964, Hultén 1968, Maher et al. 1979
Sask.

HABITAT: Plages de galets et endroits herbeux.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Saskatchewan. Menacée d'extinc-
tion dans l'Utah et rare dans le Colorado.

Astragalus gilviflorus Sheld.

(A. triphyllus Pursh)

Sources: MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alta-soMan; Mont-Utah-Neb-DN.

ManitoBa: Reston et Boissevain.

Carte: Barneby 1964, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU,
Welsh 1960 EU.

HABITAT: Prairies arides.

CONDITIONS: Peut-être éliminée dans |’Utah et rare
dans le Colorado.

Astragalus lotiflorus Hook.

Sources: CAN, DAO; Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: CB-soMan; Mont-Tex-Missouri-Minn.

MANITOBA: Treesbank.

Carte: Barneby 1964, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU,
Welsh 1960 EU.

HABITAT: Pentes et prairies arides.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta, dans I’lowa, le Minnesota
et le Missouri.

Nota: Depuis 1930, on n'en a trouvé aucun spécimen
au Manitoba.

Astragalus neglectus (T. & G.) Sheld.

SOURCES: DAO; Lôve & Bernard 1959.

REPARTITION: SeMan-Ont; DN-DS-Penn-NY.

ManITOBA. Région de Kleefeld.

Carte: Barneby 1964, Fassett 1939a, Lôve & Bernard
1959 Man, Welsh 1960 EU.

HABITAT: Falaises et endroits graveleux calcaires.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada. Menacée d'extinction
dans le Wisconsin et menacée en Pennsylvanie.

Astragalus triphyllus = A. gilviflorus

Astragalus yukonis = A. bodinii

Atriplex argentea Nutt.

Sources: CAN, WIN.

REPARTITION: CB-soMan; Wash-Cal-NM-Kans-Minn.

Manitosa: Melita.

Carte: Frankton & Bassett 1970, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Sols alcalins.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans le Minnesota.

Atriplex glabriuscula Edmonston

Sources: CAN, MMMN: Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: TNO, nMan-NB, NE-Lab; Minn, NJ-Me.

MANITOBA: Rivière Seal et Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1958, Meusel et al. 1965.

HABITAT: Marais salants.

ConDITIONS: Rare dans le Minnesota et l'Etat de New
York.

Bartsia alpina L.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
REPARTITION: eTNO, nMan-Qué, TN-Lab.

ManITOBA: Rivière Seal et Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1958, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Prairies côtières.

ConDITIONS: Rare en Ontario.

Blysmus rufus = Scirpus rufus

Boltonia asteroides var. occidentalis = B. asteroides

var. recognita

Boltonia asteroides (L.) L'Hér. var. recognita (Fern. &

Grisc.) Cronq.

(B. asteroides (L.) L'Hér. var. occidentalis Gray)
Sources: CAN, DAO; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw 1976.
REPARTITION: ScSask-sMan; DN-Okla-Ky-Mich, introdui-

te dans l'est.

ManitosBa: De Melita à la Rivière Rouge.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Berges.

CONDITIONS: Menacée en Pennsylvanie, et rare dans le

Michigan et le Dakota du Sud.

Botrychium matricariaefolium A. Br.

Sources: CAN, WIN.

REPARTITION: CB-cMan-TN; Wash-Mont, DS, Minn-Tex-
CN-Me.

MANITOBA: Norway House.

Carte: Hulten 1958, Maher et al. 1979 Sask, Meusel
et al. 1965.

HABITAT: Berges.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Saskatchewan. Menacée d’extinc-
tion en Caroline du Nord, et rare dans l'Illinois, le
Tennessee et le Texas.

Brasenia schreberi Gmel.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas, CB, seMan-NB, NE; Wash-Cal-lda,
DS-Tex-Flor-Me.

MANITOBA: Près de Richer et parc provincial de
Whiteshell.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971.

HABITAT: Etangs et cours d’eau peu agités.

CoNnpITIONS: Rare dans l'Illinois, l'Iowa et l'Oklahoma.

Braya humilis (C. A. Meyer) Robinson
Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, soAlta, nMan-Qué, TN-Lab;
Colo, Mich, Ver.
MANITOBA: Churchill, York Factory et Gillam.
Carte: Hultén 1971, Porsild 1966 Can.
HABITAT: Etendues de gravier calcaires.
Conpitions: Menacée dans le Michigan.

Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.
Sources: CAN, WIN; Kershaw 1976.
REPARTITION: seSask-soMan; Mont-Ariz-Louis-Minn.
Manitosa: Coulter.
Carte: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 EU, Maher et al. 1979
Sask, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.
HABITAT: Prairies arides.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada. Menacee d'extinction
dans le Minnesota et rare dans |'lowa.

Calamagrostis deschampsioides Trin.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, OK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a
and Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: Alas, TNO, nMan, nOnt, nQue.

Manitosa: Churchill, baie la Pérouse et York Factory.

Carte: Hultén 1964, 1968, Schofield 1959.

Hasitat: Marais côtiers saumatres.

ConpiTIons: Rare dans la portion continentale des Ter-
ritoires du Nord-ouest et en Ontario.

Calopogon pulchellus = C. tuberosus

Calopogon tuberosus (L.) BSP.
(C. pulchellus (Salisb.) R. Br.)
Sources: MMMN, WIN; Shay 1974.
REPARTITION: SeMan-TN; Minn-Tex-Flor-Me.
ManitoBa: De l'île Hécla jusqu'à l'est de Winnipeg.
Carte: Case 1964 Grands Lacs, Luer 1975, Thien &
Marcks 1972.

Hasitat: Marais couverts de sphaigne.
ConDITIONS: Menacée dans le Rhode Island, et rare
dans l'Arkansas, le Delaware et la Louisiane.

Campanula uniflora L.
Sources: CAN, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, Alta, nMan, Qué, Lab; Cal,
Mont-Colo.

ManitoBa: De la rivière Seal au cap Churchill.
Carte: Hultén 1958, 1968, Porsild 1964 Can.
HABITAT: Prairies et toundra.

Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb.) BSP.

Sources: DAO, WIN; Kershaw 1976, Love & Bernard
1959.

REPARTITION: seMan-soQué; DN-Tex-Flior-NH.

Manitosa: Otterburne.

Carte: Love & Bernard 1959 Man, McGregor & Bark-
ley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Terrains humides.

ConpiTIONsS: Peut-être éliminée dans le New Hampshi-
re, et rare dans le Kansas et le Vermont.

Carex amblyorhyncha Krecz.

Sources: CAN, DAO; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan-nQué.

ManitoBa: Churchill.

Carte: Bôcher 1952, Hulten 1964, 1968, Meusel et al.
1965, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Terrains marécageux humides.

ConpITIONS: Rare en Ontario.

Carex arcta Boott.

Sources: CAN, DAO; Ritchie 1959.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-n&eMan-NB, Lab; Wash-Cal-
Mont, Minn-Me.

ManITOBA: Rivière Seal et lac Sasaginnigak.

Carte: Hudson 1977 Sask, Hultén 1968, Maher et al.
1979 Sask, Raup 1930.

Hasitat: Sols humides dans les bois feuillus.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des Ter-
ritoires du Nord-ouest, la Saskatchewan, le Yukon, le
Michigan et le Vermont.

Carex arctata Boott.

Sources: DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: SeMan-NE; Minn-Ohio-Conn.

MANITOBA: Parc provincial de Whiteshell et lac Moose.
Carte: Raymond 1951b oCan.

Hasitat: Bois clairsemés et bosquets.

Carex atrata L.

(C. atratiformis Britt. ssp. raymondii (Calder) Pors.,
C. raymondii Calder)

Sources: DAO, MMMN, WIN: Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: Alas-Y, CB-nMan-nOnt.

MANITOBA: Churchill et Gillam.

Carte: Calder 1952, Hudson 1977 Sask, Hultén 1968,
Packer 1971, Porsild 1966.

HABITAT: Sols humides.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario et au Yukon.

Carex atratiformis ssp. raymondii = C. atrata

Carex atrofusca Schkuhr

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN: Ritchie 1956a.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan-Qué, Lab.

ManitosBa: De la rivière Seal au cap Churchill.
Carte: Hultén 1964, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Toundra humide et sols calcaires.
ConNDITIONS: Rare en Ontario.

Carex bicolor Bellardi

Sources: CAN, DAO; Boivin 1967-79, Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, Alta, neSask-nMan-Qué, TN.

ManITOBA: Churchill.

Carte: Hudson 1977 Sask, Hultén 1964, 1968, Maher
et al. 1979 Sask, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Prairies humides et berges.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des Ter-
ritoires du Nord-ouest et la Saskatchewan.

Carex bipartita = C. glareosa ssp. glareosa

Carex blanda = C. laxiflora var. blanda

20

Carex capillaris L. var. williamsii (Britt.) Boivin
(C. williamsii Britt.)

Sources: CAN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan-Qué, Lab.
MANITOBA: Lac Nueltin, lac Baralzon et Churchill.
Carte: Hultén 1964, 1968, Raymond 1951a.
HABITAT: Landes rocheuses arides.
CONDITIONS: Rare dans le Yukon.

Carex castanea Wahl.

Sources: DAO, MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: SeMan-NB, NE-TN; Minn-Mich-Conn.

ManitoBa: Region de la réserve forestière de
Sandilands.

Carte: Raymond 1950a oCan.

HABITAT: Bosquets et prairies humides, terres
marécageuses.

ConDITIONS: Rare en Nouvelle-Ecosse, au Connecticut
et au New Hampshire.

Carex crinita Lam. var. crinita

Sources: DAO; Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: SseMan-TN; Minn-Missouri-Géo-Nouvelle An-
gleterre.

MaNitoBa: Winnipeg.

Carte: Raymond 1951b neAN.

HABITAT: Bois humides et marécageux.

Nota: La plante pourrait bien se trouver dans la ré-
gion sud-est du Manitoba et non a Winnipeg comme
le prétend la vignette (Boivin 1967-79).

Carex dutillyi C. maritima

Carex emoryi C. stricta var. elongata

Carex festivella = C. macloviana

Carex glareosa var. amphigena = C. glareosa ssp.
glareosa

Carex glareosa Wahl. ssp. glareosa

(C. bipartita auct., C. glareosa Wahl. var.
ampigena Fern.)

Sources: CAN, MMMN, OK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a, Scho-
field 1959.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan-NB, NE-Lab.

ManitosBa: Rivière Seal, Churchili et baie La Pérouse.

Carte: Hultén 1968, Porsild 1964, Potter 1932, Raup
1947, Schofield 1959.

HABITAT. Marais salants côtiers.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans le Yukon.

Carex heleonastes Ehrh.
Sources: CAN, DAO: Ritchie 1956b, 1956c.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-nMan-Que.
MANITOBA: Churchill et lac Macbride.
Carte: Bocher 1952, Hudson 1977 Sask, Hultén 1968,
Meusel et al. 1965.
HABITAT: Marais de tourbe.
CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario et au Yukon.

Carex hookerana Dew.

Sources: CAN, DAO.

REPARTITION: Alta-soMan-oOnt; DN.

ManitoBa: Brandon et MacGregor.

Carte: Hudson 1977 Sask.

HABITAT: Prairies et plaines arides.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario.

Nota: Depuis 1918, on n'en a trouvé aucun spécimen
au Manitoba.

Carex laxiflora Lam. var. blanda (Dew.) Boott.

(C. blanda Dew.)

Sources: CAN, WIN.

REPARTITION: ecSask - SMan-soQué; DN - Wyo - Tex-Géo-
Mass.

MANITOBA: Brandon et parc provincial de Whiteshell.

Carte: Maher et al. 1979 Sask, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Prairies, bosquets et bois.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Saskatchewan et au Wyoming.

Carex livida (Wahl.) Willd.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-Lab; Wash-Cal, Ida, Minn-
NJ.

MANITOBA: Churchill, Sewell et Vivian.

CARTE: Hudson 1977 Sask, Hultén 1958, 1968.

HaBitaT: Marécages, prairies calcaires et marais.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des
Territoires du Nord-ouest. Peut-étre éliminée en Ca-
lifornie et rare dans le Massachusetts, le Vermont et
l'Etat de Washington.

Carex loliacea L.

Sources: CAN, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-nMan-Ont.

ManitoBa: Lac Nueltin.

Carte: Hudson 1977 Sask, Hultén 1964, 1968, Raup
1947 oAN.

HABITAT: Bois humides d'épinette noire.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des Ter-
ritoires du Nord-ouest.

Carex mackenziei Krecz.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN: Ritchie 1956a.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan-Lab; Me.
ManITOBA: Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1958, 1968.

HABITAT: Marais salants côtiers.

Carex macloviana D'Urv.

(C. festivella Mack., C. microptera Mack.)

Sources: CAN, WIN.

REPARTITION: SY-oTNO, CB-oMan; Wash-Cal-NM-DS.

ManitoBa: Lac Wellman, rivière Qu'Appelle et parc na-
tional du mont Riding.

Carte: Hudson 1977 Sask, Hultén 1968, McGregor &
Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Marécages et sols humides.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des Ter-
ritoires du Nord-ouest, le Yukon, |’Arizona et le Da-
kota du Sud.

Carex maritima Gunn.

(C. dutillyi O'Neill & Duman)

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a,
Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, cAlta, noSask, nMan-Qué,
TN-Lab; Wash-nCal-oMont.

ManitoBa: Churchill et York Factory.

Carte: Hudson 1977 Sask, Hultén 1964, 1968, Maher
et al. 1979 Sask, Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild 1964.
HABITAT: Endroits sablonneux ou graveleux le long de

la côte.
CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta, en Saskatchewan et au
Yukon.

Carex microglochin Wahl.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Ritchie
1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-Alta, nMan-Qué, TN-Lab;
Colo.

ManitoBa: Churchill, cap Churchill et Gillam.

Carte: Hultén 1958, 1968, Porsild 1964, Raup 1947
Can.

HABITAT: Sols calcaires et tourbeux.

Conpitions: Menacée dans le Colorado.

Carex microptera = C. macloviana

Carex oligosperma Michx.

(C. oligosperma Michx. var. churchilliana Ray.)

Sources: CAN, JCR, WIN; Ritchie 1956a, 1956b,
1956c.

REPARTITION: TNO, Alta-NB, NE-Lab; Minn-Ohio-Penn.

MANITOBA: Churchill, lac Tod, lac Gemmell et parc pro-
vincial de Whiteshell.

Carte: Hudson 1977 Sask.

HABITAT: Marais de tourbe.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des
Territoires du Nord-ouest. Menacée d'extinction
dans l'Ohio, et rare dans le Connecticut, l'Illinois et
l'Indiana.

Carex oligosperma var. churchilliana = C.

oligosperma

Carex paleacea Wahl.

Sources: CAN, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Schofield
1959.

REPARTITION: TNO, nMan-Lab; Me.

MANITOBA: York Factory.

Carte: Hultén 1958, Potter 1932, Raymond 1951b
eAN.

HABITAT: Marais salants côtiers.

Carex pauciflora Lightf.

Sources: CAN, WIN: Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: Alas, CB-Alta, nMan-NB, NE-Lab; Wash,
Minn-Ind-Conn.

ManITOBA. Lac Reindeer.

Carte: Hudson 1977 Sask, Hultén 1964, 1968, Ray-
mond 1950a eCan.

HABITAT: Marais de tourbe.

Conpitions: Rare dans le Connecticut, le Massachu-
setts et l'Etat de Washington.

21

Carex physocarpa Pres.
(C. saxatilis L. var. major Olney)
Sources: CAN, DAO.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-nMan-nQué, Lab; Wash- Colo-
Mont.

MaNitoBa: Région de Churchill.
Carte: Hultén 1964, 1968, Porsild 1964, Raup 1947.
HABITAT. Toundra humide.

Carex raymondii = C. atrata

Carex rufina Drej.

Sources: CAN; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw & Morton
1976.

REPARTITION: TNO, nMan.

MANITOBA: Lac Nueltin.

Carte: Hultén 1958.

HABITAT: Landes et berges rocheuses.
CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada.

Nota: Il n'existe en Amérique du Nord que quelques
endroits dans les Territoires du Nord-ouest ou cette
plante serait connue.

Carex rupestris Bellardi
Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, soAlta, nMan, Qué, TN-Lab;
Wyo, Utah-Colo.

MANITOBA: Rivière Seal et Churchill.
Carte: Hultén 1964, 1968, Porsild 1964 Can.
HABITAT. Landes rocheuses.

Carex salina var. subspathacea = C. subspathacea

Carex saxatilis Var. major = C. physocarpa

Carex stricta Lam. var. elongata (Bôck.) Gl.
(C. emoryi Dew.)
Sources: CAN, MMMN; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw 1976.
REPARTITION: SMan; DN-Colo-Tex-Flor-NY.
ManITOBA: Pine Ridge et Roseile.
Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.
HABITAT: Marécages et terrains humides.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada, au Colorado et dans
l'Etat de New York.

Carex subspathacea Wormski.

(C. salina Wahl. var. subspathacea Wormskj.)
Sources: CAN, DAO, QK, WIN; Schofield 1959.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan-Qué, Lab.

ManitoBa: Churchill, baie La Pérouse et York Factory.

Carte: Hultén 1964, 1968, Porsild 1964, Schofield
1959.

HABITAT: Marais salants côtiers.
CONDITIONS: Rare dans le Yukon.

Carex tetanica var. woodii = C. woodii

22

Carex ursina Dew.
Sources: CAN; Boivin 1967-79.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan, nQué, Lab.
Manitosa: Churchill.
Carte: Hulten 1964, 1968, Porsild 1964.
HABITAT: Rives salines.
ConDITIONS: Rare dans le Yukon.

Carex williamsii = C. capillaris var. williamsii

Carex woodii Dew.

(C. tetanica Schkuhr var. woodii (Dew.) Wood)
Sources: CAN; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw 1976.
REPARTITION: SOMan-Ont; Minn-Missouri-Vir de |’o- Conn.
MANITOBA: Brandon.

HABITAT: Bois calcaires arides.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada. Menacée d'extinction
dans le Missouri et la Caroline du Nord, et rare dans
le Connecticut, |’Indiana, l'Iowa, le Massachusetts et
le New Hampshire.

Nota: Depuis 1880, on n'en a trouvé aucun spécimen
au Manitoba.

Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.
Sources: CAN, MMMN, WIN; Shay 1974.
REPARTITION: SeMan-NB, NE; DN-Kans-Cs.
ManitoBa: De Portage-la-Prairie a Waugh.

Carte: Dore 1964 Ont, Lloyd & Lloyd 1931, McGregor
& Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Bois luxuriants.

CONDITIONS. Menacée en Nouvelle-Ecosse. Menacée
d'extinction dans le Dakota du Sud, menacée dans
le Rhode Island et la Caroline du Sud, et rare dans le
Kansas et le Dakota du Nord.

Ceanothus herbaceus Raf.

(C. ovatus Desf.)

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: SeMan-soQué; Mont-Tex-Géo-Me.

MANITOBA: De Pine Falls a Winnipeg a Piney.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Endroits sablonneux semi-dégagés.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans l'Illinois I’Indiana, l'Etat de New
York, le Dakota du Sud, le Vermont et le Wyoming.

Ceanothus ovatus = C. herbaceus

Celtis occidentalis L.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; IBP-CT 1974, Shay 1974.

REPARTITION: scMan-soQué; DN-eMont-Wyo-Okla-Ala-CN-
Nouvelle-Angleterre.

MANITOBA: Région marécageuse de Delta.

Carte: Fowells 1965, Hosie 1969, Little 1971, McGre-
gor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Corniches sablonneuses et graveleuses de
plages bien irriguées.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans le New Hampshire et le
Wyoming.

Cerastium alpinum L.
Sources: CAN, DAO, OK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
REPARTITION: TNO, neSask-nMan-nQué, TN-Lab.
ManitoBa: Churchill et baie La Pérouse.

Carte: Hultén 1956, 1958, Maher et al. 1979 Sask,
Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Toundra de gravier.
CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario et en Saskatchewan.

Ceratophyllum echinatum Gray
Sources: CAN.
REPARTITION: SCB, seMan-NB, NE; répandue aux EU.
MANITOBA: Parc provincial de Whiteshell.
HABITAT: Eaux peu profondes.
CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario.

Chenopodium leptophyllum var. subglabrum = C.

subglabrum

Chenopodium subglabrum (Wats.) Nels.

(C. leptophyllum (Moq.) Wats. var. subglabrum
Wats.)

Sources: DAO; Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: SOSask-soMan-soOnt; eWash-Oré-Missou-
ri-DN.

ManitoBa: Région de Oak Lake.

Carte: Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT: Dunes actives.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Saskatchewan et au Wyoming.

Chrysanthemum arcticum L. ssp. polare Hult.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a,
Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan-nQué.
ManitoBa: De la rivière Seal a York Factory.
Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971.

HABITAT: Berges marines.

ConDITIONS: Rare en Ontario et au Yukon.

Chrysanthemum bipinnatum ssp. huronense =

Tanacetum huronense

Circaea lutetiana L. ssp. canadensis (L.) Aschers &

Magnes

(C. quadrisulcata (Max.) Franch. & Sav. var.
canadensis (L.) Hara)

Sources: WIN.

REPARTITION: seMan-NB, NE; DN-Okla-Géo-Me.
MANITOBA: Lac du Bonnet.

Carte: Hultén 1958, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.
HABITAT: Bois luxuriants.

CONDITIONS: Menacée en Caroline du Sud et rare en
Géorgie.

Circaea quadrisulcata var. canadensis = C. lutetiana

ssp. Canadensis

Cirsium discolor (Muhl.) Spreng.

Sources: DAO, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION:SMan-soQue;Minn-Neb-Ark-Nouvelle Angle -
terre.

ManitoBa: Mont Turtle et Emerson.

Carte: Frankton & Moore 1963 Can, McGregor &
Barkley 1977 cEU, Moore & Frankton 1974 Can.

HABITAT: Prairies humides et berges.

Nota: Le rélevé du mont Turtle est établi d'après une
collection réalisée en 1976 (MMMN) et non d'après
le relevé de 1875 de Dawson écarté par Boivin
(1967-79).

Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.

Sources: DAO; Boivin 1967-79, Moore & Frankton
1974.

REPARTITION: CB-soMan; Wash-Ariz-Tex-Missouri-Minn.

MANITOBA: Rivière Souris.

Carte: Frankton & Moore 1961, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cEU, Moore & Frankton 1974 Can.

HABITAT: Prairies, prés et bas-côtés.

Clematis virginiana L.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: SMan-NE; DN - Okla-Louis-Géo-Nouvelle-
Angleterre.

MANITOBA: Brandon, rivière Roseau et parc provincial
de Whiteshell.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

HasBitat: Bosquets et orées de bois.

ConpiTIons: Rare dans l'Oklahoma.

Cochlearia officinalis L.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a,
Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, nMan-Qué, TN-Lab.

ManitoBa: Rivière Seal, Churchill et baie La Pérouse.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild
1964.

HABITAT: Berges salines.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans le Yukon.

Collinsia parviflora Lindl.

Sources: DAO, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: Alas-Y, CB-Sask, seMan, cOnt; Wash-Cal-
Colo, Mich, Ver.

ManitosBa: Du lac Mantario au lac High.

Carte: Hultén 1968, Maher et al. 1979 Sask, McGre-
gor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Flancs de collines et berges lacustres.

ConDITIONS: Rare en Ontario, en Saskatchewan et au
Yukon. Menacée dans le Michigan et rare dans le
Vermont.

Conopholis americana (L.) Wallr.

Sources: DAO; Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: SMan-Qué, NE; Wisc-Ala-Flor-Me.

MANITOBA: Rathwell.

Carte: Haynes 1971.

HABITAT: Bois, parasite des racines d'arbres.

ConpiTIons: Rare au Canada, dans l'Illinois, le New
Hampshire et le Rhode Island.

23

Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.

Sources: CAN, WIN.
REPARTITION: CB-soMan-soQué; Mont-Tex-Géo-NJ.
ManITOBA: Deloraine.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU, Smith & Parker
1971.

HABITAT: Clairières herbeuses.
CONDITIONS: Rare dans le Minnesota.

Cornus rugosa Lam.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN, WNRE; Love & Ber-
nard 1959.

REPARTITION: SeMan-NB, NE; Minn-lll-Vir-Nouvelle Angle-
terre.

ManitoBa: De Victoria Beach au parc provincial de
Whiteshell (lac Falcon).

Carte: Little 1976b.

HABITAT: Bois luxuriants.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans |’Indiana et le Rhode Island.

Coryphantha vivipara (Nutt.) Britt. & Brown

(Mamillaria vivipara (Nutt.) Haw.)
Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN, UWPG: IBP-CT
1974.

REPARTITION: SAlta-soMan; Mont-Tex-Minn.
ManitoBa: De Hartney a Carberry.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.
HABITAT. Plaines arides et collines de sable.

CONDITIONS: Menacée dans le Colorado et rare dans le
Minnesota.

Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.
REPARTITION: SMan-NB; DN-Tex-Flor-Me.
ManitoBa: De Portage-la-Prairie a Morden.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU, Rodgers 1950
seEU.

HABITAT: Bois humides luxuriantes.
ConDITIONS: Menacée d'extinction en Floride et dans le
Maine, et rare dans le Dakota du Sud.

Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN, UWPG: Kershaw
1976.

REPARTITION: SMan-soQué; DN-NM-Tex-Ark-Wisc.

MANITOBA: De Grand Clairière au parc provincial de
Spruce Woods.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.
HABITAT: Endroits sablonneux.

Cyperus houghtonii Torr.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: seMan-seQué; Minn-lll-Penn-Mass.

ManITOBA: De Victoria Beach a Marchand.

HABITAT: Sols sablonneux.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario. Peut-être éliminée dans
le Maine, menacée en Pennsylvanie, et rare dans
"Indiana, le Minnesota, le New Hampshire et le
Vermont.

24

Cyperus strigosus L.

Sources: DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: SCSask-soMan-soQué; répandue aux EU.

Manitospa: De Wawanesa jusqu'à proximité de la fron-
tière ontarienne.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Prairies humides et berges.

ConpiTIONS: Rare en Saskatchewan.

Cypripedium arietinum R. Br.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79,
Johnson 1975, Shay 1974.

REPARTITION: cSask-oc&seMan-sQué, NE; Minn-Mich,
NY-Me.

Manitosa: Du lac Winnipegosis au parc provincial de
Whiteshell (lac Hawk ouest).

Carte: Ayensu 1975 EU, Case 1964 Grands Lacs, Luer
1975, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT: Bois de conifères, dégagés.

ConpITIONS: Menacée d'extinction en Saskatchewan
et rare au Canada. Menacée aux Etats-Unis (Ayensu
& Defilipps 1978). Peut-être éliminée dans le Con-
necticut, menacée d'extinction dans le Wisconsin,
menacée dans le Michigan, et rare dans le Maine, le
Massachusetts, le New Hampshire et le Vermont.

Nota: Protégée par l'accord CITES (Argus 1978).

Cypripedium candidum Muhl.

Sources: DAO, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Cline
1974, Kershaw et al. 1976, Shay 1974.

REPARTITION:SeSask-sMan-sOnt; DN-Neb-Missouri- Conn.

MANITOBA: Brandon et Woodlands.

Carte: Ayensu 1975 EU, Luer 1975, Maher et al. 1979
Sask, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Prés marécageux.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada. Menacée aux Etats-Unis
(Ayensu & Defilipps 1978). Probablement éliminé en
Pennsylvanie, menacée d’extinction dans |’Ohio, le
Wisconsin, menacée dans l'Illinois, le Kentucky et le
Michigan, et rare dans le Montana, l'Etat de New
York et le Dakota du Nord.

NOTA: Protege par l'accord CITES (Argus 1978) et
l'Ontario Endangered Species Act.

Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahl.) Scheele

(Vahlodea atropurpurea (Wahl.) E. Fries)

Sources: CAN.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, soAlta, nMan, nOnt, Qué, TN-
Lab; Wash-Cal, Mont-Colo, NY-Me.

MANitoBaA: Lac Baralzon.

Carte: Hultén 1958, 1968.

HABITAT: Toundra rocheuse aride.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des
Territoires du Nord-ouest, en Ontario, dans le Yu-
kon, la Californie, le New Hampshire et l'Etat de New
York.

Descurainia sophioides (Fisch.) O. E. Schulz

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, nMan.

MaNnitoBa: Churchill et York Factory.

Carte: Detling 1939, Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964.
HABITAT: Sols humides.

Diapensia lapponica L.

Sources: CAN, JCR, MMMN.

REPARTITION: Alas, TNO, nMan, Qué, NE-Lab; NY-Me.

ManiToBa: Lacs Baralzon, Nejanilini et Caribou.

Carte: Hultén 1958, 1968, Porsild 1955, 1958, 1964.

HABITAT. Landes rocheuses arides.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des
Territoires du Nord-ouest et la Nouvelle-Ecosse.
Menacée dans le Vermont, et rare dans le Maine,
le New Hampshire et l'Etat de New York.

Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh.

Sources: MMMN.

REPARTITION: SeMan-NE; Wash-Oré-lda, DN-Okla-CS-
Me.

MANITOBA: Lac Whitemouth.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU, Stern 1961,
Wood 1972.

HABITAT: Bois feuillus luxuriants.

ConpiTIONS: Menacée en Caroline du Sud, et rare dans
l'Alabama, l'Idaho, le Dakota du Nord, l'Orégon et
l'Etat de Washington.

Dichanthelium oligosanthes var. wilcoxianum =

Panicum wilcoxianum

Draba alpina L.

Sources: CAN, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nCB, nMan-noQué.
ManiToBa: Churchill et baie La Pérouse.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964.
HABITAT: Toundra humide et landes graveleuses.
ConpiTIons: Rare en Ontario.

Draba aurea Vahl

Sources: CAN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-nMan-Qué, Lab; Wash-Ariz-
NM-Mont.

ManitoBa: Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1968, Porsild 1966 Can.

HABITAT: Pentes graveleuses.

ConDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des Ter-
ritoires du Nord-ouest, l'Ontario et l'Etat de
Washington.

Draba cana Rydb.

(D. lanceolata auct.)

Sources: MMMN, WIN: Kershaw 1976, Kershaw &
Morton 1976, Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-noSask, nMan-NB; Wash-
Utah-Colo, Mich-Me.

ManitoBa: Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1968, Maher et al. 1979 Sask, Mulligan
1971 Can, Raup 1947 Can.

HABITAT: Endroits grave/eux ca/caires.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario, en Saskatchewan, dans
le Maine, le New Hampshire, le Vermont et le
Wisconsin.

Draba fladnizensis var. heterotricha = D. lactea

Draba glabella Pursh
(D. hirta auct.)
Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-Alta, nMan-NB, NE-Lab; disj
Wyo-Colo, NY.

ManitoBa: De la rivière Seal au cap Churchill, Gillam.

Carte: Hulten 1968, 1971, Mulligan 1970 Can, Porsild
1964 Can, Raup 1947 Can.

HaBiTaT: Corniches des falaises, talus.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta, en Nouvelle-Ecosse, en
Ontario, dans le Colorado, l'Etat de New York et le
Wyoming.

Draba hirta = D. glabella

Draba incana L.
Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
REPARTITION: TNO, nMan-Lab; nMich, Ver.
ManitosBa: Churchill.
Carte: Hulten 1958, Mulligan 1970.
HABITAT: Corniches graveleuses.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario et menacée dans le
Michigan.

Draba lactea Adams

(D. fladnizensis Wulf. var. heterotricha (Lindbl.)
Ball)

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN: Kershaw 1976, Ker-
shaw & Morton 1976, Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan, Qué-NB, NE-Lab.
ManitoBa: Région de Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1958, 1968, Porsild 1964.
Hasitat: Endroits rocheux exposés.

Draba lanceolata = D. cana

Draba nivalis Liljebl.
Sources: DAO, MMMN, WIN.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-Alta, nMan-Qué, TN-Lab.
Manitoga: Churchill.

Carte: Hulten 1968, 1971, Mulligan 1974 and Porsild
1964.

HABITAT: Endroits rocheux exposés.
Conpitions: Rare en Ontario.

Drosera linearis Goldie
Sources: CAN, DAO, HALC, MMMN: Boivin 1967-79.
REPARTITION: CB-Qué, TN; Minn-Mich, Me.

ManIToBA: Route d’Easterville, rivière de Dieu et rivière
Roseau.

29

Carte: Maher et al. 1979 Sask, Wynne 1944.
HABITAT: Marecages calcaires.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta, en Ontario et en Saskat-
chewan. Menacée d'extinction dans le Minnesota et
le Wisconsin, et rare dans le Maine.

Dryas integrifolia Vahl

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, OK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, eCB-soAlta, nMan-NB, TN-Lab.

ManitosBa: Rivière Seal, Churchill et baie La Pérouse.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1947, 1964, Savile
1961, Young 1971.

HABITAT: Affleurements rocheux et corniches grav-
eleuses.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario.

Dryopteris phegopteris = Phegopteris connectilis

Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britt.
Sources: DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.
REPARTITION: CB, seMan-TN; Wash-Cal-Mont, Minn-Tex-
Flor-Me.
MANITOBA: Parc provincial de Whiteshell.
CARTE: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU, Wood 1972.
HABITAT: Marécages et bords d’étangs.
CONDITIONS: Rare dans l'Iowa.

Dupontia fisheri var. aristata = D. fisheri ssp.
psilosantha

Dupontia fisheri R. Br. ssp. psilosantha (Rupr.) Hult.
(D. fisheri R. Br. var. aristata Malte & Polunin)

Sources: CAN, DAO, QK, WIN; Schofield 1959.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan-Qué, Lab.
ManitoBa: Churchill, baie La Pérouse et York Factory.
Carte: Hultén 1964, 1968, Porsild 1964.
HABITAT: Marais d'eau salée.
ConpITIONS: Rare en Ontario et au Yukon.

Elatine americana = E. triandra var. americana

Elatine triandra Schkuhr var. americana (Pursh)

Fassett
(E. americana (Pursh) Arnott)

Sources: DAO, WIN; Love & Bernard 1959.

REPARTITION: seMan-NB; Kans-Vir-Me.

MANITOBA: Otterburne.

CarTe: Fassett 1939b, Hultén 1971, Lôve & Bernard
1959 Man.

HABITAT: Eaux peu profondes et étendues de vase.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans le Massachusetts et menacée
d'extinction dans le Missouri.

Eleocharis engelmani = E. ovata

Eleocharis obtusa = E. ovata

26

Eleocharis ovata (Roth) R. & S.

(E. engelmani Steud., E. obtusa (Willd.) Schultes)
Sources: CAN, DAO; Love & Bernard 1959.
REPARTITION: CB-sMan-TN; Wash-Cal-Tex-Géo-Me.
ManitoBa: Killarney, ile Hecla et Otterburne.

Carte: Love & Bernard 1959 Man, Maher et al. 1979

Sask, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU, Svenson 1939.
HABITAT. Endroits vaseux humides.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Saskatchewan. Menacée d’ex-
tinction dans le Wisconsin, et rare dans l'Indiana,
l'Iowa, le Massachusetts, le Michigan et le Dakota du
Sud.

Nota: Peut-être adventive au Manitoba (Boivin 1967-
79).

Elymus arenarius ssp. mollis = E. mollis

Elymus hystrix L.
(Hystrix patula Moench)
Sources: DAO.
REPARTITION: SMan-oNB, cNE; DN-Okla-Géo-Me.
MANITOBA: Roseisle et Miami.

Carte: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 EU, McGregor &
Barkley 1977 cEU.

HaBitat: Bois luxuriants humides.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Nouvelle-Ecosse. Menacée dans
le Dakota du Sud et rare dans l'Oklahoma.

Elymus mollis Trin.
(E. arenarius L. ssp. mollis (Trin.) Hult.)

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a,
Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: nAlas-TNO, CB, neAlta-Sask, nMan, Ont-
Lab; Wash-Cal, Minn-Mich, Nouvelle-Angleterre.

ManitoBa: De la rivière Seal à la baie La Pérouse, York
Factory et Gillam.

Carte: Bowden 1957, Hultén 1964, 1968, Meusel et
al. 1965, Porsild 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Berges salines.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta, en Ontario et au Yukon.
Menacee dans le Michigan et rare dans le New
Hampshire.

Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. glandulosum (Lehm.)
Hoch & Raven

(E. glandulosum Lehm.)

Sources: GH.

REPARTITION: Alta, Sask, nMan, Ont, NE; Wash-Cal-
Mont, nMinn-Wisc, Ver-Me.

MANITOBA: York Factory.

Carte: Hultén 1968.

HABITAT: Terrains humides.

Epilobium davuricum Fisch.
Sources: CAN, DAO.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, nMan-Qué, TN.
MANITOBA: Rivière MacBride, Churchill et Gillam.
Carte: Hulten 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964, Raup 1947.
HABITAT: Toundra humide.

Epilobium paniculatum Nutt.
Sources: CAN, DAO.

REPARTITION: CB-sMan, introduite Ont-soQué; Wash-
Cal-NM-DS.

ManitoBa: De Miniota a Virden, de Stony Mountain a
Selkirk.

HABITAT: Terrain dégagé et endroits perturbés.

Erigeron caespitosus Nutt.
Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN.
REPARTITION: Alas-Y, CB-soMan; Wash-Ariz-Neb-DN.
ManitoBa: De St-Lazare a Brandon.
Carte: Hultén 1968, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.
Hasitat: Flancs sablonneux de collines et prairies.

Erigeron humilis = E. uniflorus var. unalaschkensis

Erigeron uniflorus L. var. unalaschkensis (DC.) Boivin
(E. humilis Graham)
Sources: CAN, DAO; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-Alta, nMan, Qué, Lab; no-
Mont, Wyo, Colo.

ManiToBA: Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1958, 1968.

HABITAT: Sable humide.

ConpiTions: Rare dans le Colorado et le Wyoming.

Eriocaulon septangulare With.
Sources: MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: SeMan-Lab; Minn-Ind-NC-Nouvelle Angle -
terre.

MANITOBA: Lac Wallace.
Carte: Hultén 1958, Kral 1966 EU, McLaughlin 1932.

HABITAT: Eaux peu profondes le long des rivages
sablonneux.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Caroline du Nord.

Eriophorum callitrix Cham.
Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-oAlta, nMan, TN-Lab;
soMont.

MANITOBA: Churchill

Carte: Hultén 1964, 1968, Packer & Vitt 1974, Porsild
1964 Can, Raymond 1951c.

HABITAT: Marais arides couverts de sphaigne.
Conpitions: Rare en Alberta.

Euphorbia geyeri Engelm.
Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Kershaw 1976.
REPARTITION: SoMan; DN-Colo-Tex-lll-Minn.
ManitoBa: St-Lazare, Grande Clairière et Rathwell.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU, Wheeler 1941
EUR

HABITAT: Dunes actives.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada. Menacée d'extinction
dans le Missouri et rare dans le Minnesota.

Euphrasia vinacea Sell & Yeo
Sources: CAN, DAO; Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Mor-
ton 1976, Sell & Yeo 1970.
REPARTITION: NMan-neOnt.
ManitosBa: Churchill et York Factory.
HABITAT: Etendues d'argile le long de la côte.
ConpITIONS: Rare au Canada.
Nota: Endémique jusqu'à la baie d'Hudson.

Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Mog.
SOURCES: MMMN, WIN.
REPARTITION: SY, Alta-sMan; Wash-Cal-Tex-DN.
ManitosBa: Virden et collines Pembina.
Carte: Billings 1949, Hultén 1968, Neilson 1968.
HABITAT: Prairies arides.
CONDITIONS: Rare dans le Yukon.

Festuca obtusa Biehler
Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN.
REPARTITION: SMan-NB, NE; DN-Tex-Fior-Me.
ManitoBa: Winnipeg et Babcock.
Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

Hasitat: Bois humides.
CONDITIONS: Rare en Nouvelle-Ecosse.

Franseria acanthicarpa = Ambrosia acanthicarpa

Galium aparine L.

Sources: DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas, CB-sMan-NB, NE, TN; Wash-Cal-Tex-
Géo-Me.

ManitoBa: Delta et Winnipeg.

Carte: Hulten 1968, 1971, McGregor & Barkley 1977
CEU?

HABITAT. Bois humides.

Gentiana linearis var. latifolia = G. rubricaulis
Gentiana propinqua = Gentianella propinqua

Gentiana rubricaulis Schwein.

(G. linearis Froel. var. latifolia Gray)

Sources: DAO, WIN, WNRE; Shay 1974.

REPARTITION: SMan-Ont, NB; Minn-Mich, Me.

MANITOBA: Du parc national du mont Riding au lac
Shoal.

CARTE: Gillett 1963, Pringle 1967, 1968 Can.

HaBiTaT: Marais dégagés et prairies humides.

CONDITIONS: Peut-être éliminée dans le Maine.

Gentianella propinqua (Richards.) J. M. Gillett

(Gentiana propinqua Richards.)

Sources: CAN, MMMN, WIN; Shay 1974.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-Alta, nMan-Qué, TN-Lab;
Mont.

ManiToBA: Churchill et York Factory.

Carte: Gillett 1957, 1963, Hultén 1968, Raup 1947
Can.

HaBiTaT: Sables et graviers humides le long de la côte.

Gerardia aspera = Agalinis aspera

Gerardia tenuifolia = Agalinis tenuifolia

27

Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin.

Sources: MMMN.

REPARTITION: ecSask, seMan-Lab; Minn-lll-CN-Me.

MANITOBA: Lac Wallace.

Carte: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 EU, Maher et al. 1979
Sask.

HABITAT: Marais.

CoNnpDITIONS: Rare en Saskatchewan et dans l'Illinois.

Goodyera tesselata Lodd.

Sources: MMMN.

REPARTITION: @Man-TN; Minn-Md-Me.

MANITOBA: Lacs Family et Wallace.

Carte: Case 1964 Grands lacs, Kallunki 1976, Luer
1975.

HABITAT: Bois luxuriants mixtes.

CONDITIONS: Menacée d'extinction dans le Vermont,
menacée dans le Rhode Island, et rare dans l'ouest
de l'Etat de New York.

Nota: Protégée par l'accord CITES (Argus 1978).

Habenaria hookeri = Platanthera hookeri
Habenaria lacera = Platanthera lacera
Hammarbya paludosa = Malaxis paludosa

Hedeoma hispida Pursh.

Sources: DAO; Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: SAlta-seMan-soQué; Mont-Tex-Miss-NY.

MaNitoBa: Parc provincial de Whiteshell (lac Falcon).

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

HaBiTaT: Flancs de collines érodés par le vent,
steppes.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans l'Iowa.

Heliotropium curassavicum L.

Sources: CAN, MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: SAlta-soMan; répandue aux EU.
ManitoBa: De Lyleton à Deleau.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.
HABITAT: Berges alcalines.

Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker

Sources: DAO.

REPARTITION: SMan-NB, NE; Minn-Missouri-Flor-Me.

MANITOBA: Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes.

Carte: Hultén 1958, Meusel et al. 1965.

HABITAT: Bois luxuriants.

CONDITIONS: Menacée en Nouvelle-Ecosse, menacée
d'extinction en Floride et menacée dans le Rhode
Island.

Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM.

Sources: WIN.

REPARTITION: SMan-soQué; Wash-nCal, Ariz, Tex-Flor-
Me.

ManitosBa: Plage Pine Dock, rivière La Salle et Bissett.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU, USDA 1970
EU.

HaBITAT: Cours d’eau et étendues d'eau peu agitées.

ConpiTions: Menacée d'extinction en Caroline du
Nord, et rare dans le Maine et le New Hampshire.

28

Hierochloe alpina (Sw.) R. & S.
Sources: CAN, MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-oAlta, nMan, Qué, TN-Lab;
NY-Me.

ManitoBa: Lac Baralzon et rivière Seal.

Carte: Hadac 1960, Hultén 1964, 1968, Porsild 1964
Can.

HABITAT: Prairies et toundra rocheuse.

Conpitions: Rare en Alberta, dans le New Hampshire,
l'Etat de New York et le Vermont.

Hierochloe pauciflora R. Br.

Sources: CAN, MMMN.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan-Qué, Lab.
ManitosBa: Rivière Seal et Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1964, 1968, Porsild 1964.
HABITAT: Toundra humide couverte de mousses.

ConpiTions: Rare dans la portion continentale des Ter-
ritoires du Nord-ouest, l'Ontario et le Yukon.

Hippuris tetraphylla L. f.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a,
Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, nMan-Qué, Lab.

Manitosa: De la rivière Seal au cap Churchill, York
Factory.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971.
HABITAT: Berges marines sablonneuses et humides.

ConDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des Ter-
ritoires du Nord-ouest et le Yukon.

Honckenya peploides = Arenaria peploides

Hudsonia tomentosa Nutt.

Sources: WIN.

REPARTITION: TNO, Alta-sMan-NE, Lab; Minn-CN-Me.

MANITOBA: Collines Kettle, de Victoria Beach à la réser-
ve forestière de Sandilands.

HABITAT: Dunes.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des
Territoires du Nord-ouest et la Nouvelle-Ecosse. Me-
nacée d'extinction en Caroline du Nord, et rare dans
le Connecticut, l'Illinois, le Minnesota, le New Hamp-
shire, le Rhode Island, le Vermont et la Virginie de
l'ouest.

Juncus biglumis L.

Sources: CAN; Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, oAlta, nMan, nOnt, nQué,
Lab; Wyo, Colo.

ManiToBa: Churchill.

Carte: Hulten 1964, 1968, Porsild 1964 Can, Young
1971 Can.

HABITAT: Toundra humide.
ConpITIONS: Rare dans le Colorado et le Wyoming.

Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller

(K. polifolia Wang. ssp. microphylla (Hook.) Calder
& Taylor)

Sources: CAN, WIN.

REPARTITION: Y-TNO, CB-Alta, nMan; Wash-Cal, Wyo-
Colo.

ManitosBa: Churchill.
Carte: Hultén 1968.
HaBitaT: Marécages et bords des étangs.

Kalmia polifolia ssp. microphylla = K. microphylla

Kobresia simpliciuscula (Wahl.) Mack.

Sources: CAN, DAO.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, soAlta, nMan-Que, TN-Lab;
Oré, Ida, Colo.

MANITOBA: Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1958, 1968, Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild
1964 Can.

Hasitat: Toundra et endroits graveleux.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario, au Colorado et dans
Oregon.

Koenigia islandica L.

Sources: CAN; Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, oAlta, nMan, nOnt, nQue,
Lab; Mont, Colo.

MANITOBA: Churchill.

Carte: Cody 1971, Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964
Can, Schofield 1959.

HABITAT. Endroits humides.

ConpiTions: Rare en Alberta, dans la portion continen-
tale des Territoires du Nord-ouest, en Ontario et au
Colorado.

Hypopitys monotropa = Monotropa hypopitys

Krigia biflora (Walt.) Blake
Sources: CAN, DAO, Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw 1976.
REPARTITION: SMan-soOnt; Minn-Ariz-Missouri-Géo-Mass.

Hystrix patula = Elymus hystrix

Impatiens noli-tangere L.

Sources: CAN, MMMN.
REPARTITION: Alas, CB-oMan; Wash-Oré.

MANITOBA: Pointe Wilkins et parc provincial du mont
Duck.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Ornduff 1967.
HABITAT: Bosquets humides.

ManITOBA: Teulon.

HaBITAT: Bois sablonneux dégagés.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada, dans le Colorado et le
Mississippi.

Nota: Depuis 1929, on n'en a trouvé aucun spécimen
au Manitoba.

Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn.

Sources: DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw 1976,
Love & Bernard 1959.

REPARTITION: SeMan-soOnt; DS-Tex-Flor-Mass.

MANITOBA: Otterburne.

Certe: Love & Bernard 1959 Man, McGregor & Bark-
ley 1977 cEU, Radloff 1961 EU.

HABITAT: Bosquets et bords des foréts.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada et dans le Minnesota.

Lesquerella arctica (Wormskj.) Wats.
Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, soAlta, nMan, Qué, TN-Lab.
ManitoBa: Churchill.
Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964, Wood 1972.
HABITAT: Landes calcaires.

Linum lepagei = L. lewisii ssp. lepagei

Linum lewisii Pursh ssp. lepagei (Boivin) Mosquin

(L. lepagei Boivin)

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: TNO, nMan-nOnt.

ManiToBA: Churchill.

Carte: Mosquin 1971.

HABITAT: Berges marines sablonneuses.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario.

Nota: Endémique jusqu'à la baie d'Hudson.

Listera auriculata Wieg.

Sources: DAO; Whiting & Catling 1977.

REPARTITION: OMan, Ont-Qué, TN-Lab; Minn-Mich, Ver,
NY, Me.

MANITOBA: Parc provincial du mont Duck.

Carte: Case 1964 Grands Lacs, Luer 1975, Whiting &
Catling 1977 Can.

HABITAT: Sols acides, inondés au printemps.

CONDITIONS: Menacée aux Etats-Unis (Ayensu & Defi-
lipps 1978). Menacée d'extinction dans le Wisconsin,
et rare dans le Maine, le Michigan, le Minnesota, le
New Hampshire, l'Etat de New York et le Vermont.

Nota: Protégée par l'accord CITES (Argus 1978).

Lobelia dortmanna L.

Sources: MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: SCB, nAlta, nSask, seMan-Lab; Oré, Minn-
Penn-NJ-Me.

ManiToBa: Lac Wallace.

Carte: Hultén 1968, McVaugh 1936.

HABITAT: Eaux peu profondes le long des rivages
sablonneux.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta. Menacée en Pennsylva-
nie et rare dans le New Jersey.

Lomatium orientale C. & R.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw
1976.

REPARTITION: seSask-soMan; Mont-NM-Tex-Minn.

Manitosa: De Coulter a Aweme.

Carte: Cash 1954, Maher et al. 1979 Sask, McGregor
& Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Plaines arides et falaises.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada et dans le Minnesota.

29

Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Boivin 1967-
79, Ritchie 1956a, Schofield 1959, Shay 1974.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-n&oMan-Qué, TN-Lab; Ida,
Wyo-Colo, Me.

ManiToBa: Churchill, baie La Pérouse, York Factory et
Gilbert Plains.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964 Can, 1966
Can.

HABITAT: Sols alcalins humides.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des Ter-
ritoires du Nord-ouest et le Maine.

Lonicera hirsuta Eaton var. schindleri Boivin
Sources: DAO; Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: seMan-Qué; Minn-Neb-Ohio-Nouvelle Angle-
terre;

MANITOBA: Parc provincial de Whiteshell (lac Falcon).
HABITAT: Bois rocheux.

Luzula spicata (L.) DC.

Sources: CAN, WIN: Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Mor-
ton 1976.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-Alta, nMan, Qué, NE-Lab;
Wash-Cal-NM-Mont, NY-Me.

ManITOBA: Région du lac Nueltin.

Carte: Hultén 1958, 1968, Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild
1964 Can, Raup 1947 Can.

HABITAT: Corniches humides des falaises, toundra.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Nouvelle-Ecosse, dans le Maine et
le New Hampshire.

Lychnis affinis = Melandrium affine
Lychnis apetala = Melandrium apetalum
Lychnis gillettii = Melandrium affine

Lycopodium lucidulum Michx.
Sources: JCR.
REPARTITION: SMan-TN; Minn-Missouri-CS-Me.
MANITOBA: Parc national du mont Riding.
HABITAT: Bois humides.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans l’Arkansas, l'Illinois, l'Iowa et le
Missouri.

Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh
Sources: CAN, MMMN, UWPG.
REPARTITION: se&cMan-TN: Minn-Ala-Me.

MANitoBA: Lac Cross, ile Elk, réserve forestière de
Belair.

Carte: Hultén 1958, Marie-Victorin 1932.
HABITAT: Bois arides et clairières.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans le Missouri et l'ouest de l'Etat
de New York.

30

Lysimachia quadriflora Sims
(Steironema quadriflorum (Sims) Hitchc.)

Sources: DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Love & Bernard
1959.

REPARTITION: SeMan-soOnt; DN-Ark-Géo-Mass.

MANITOBA: Kleefeld.

Carte: Love & Bernard 1959 Man, McGregor & Bark-
ley 1977 cEU, Ray 1956.

HABITAT: Prairies chernozémiques.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans le Minnesota, l'Etat de New
York et la Virginie de l'ouest.

Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. var. brachypoda (Gray)
Morris & Eames

Sources: DAO, CAN, MMMN; Boivin 1967-79, Parker
1976, Shay 1974.

REPARTITION: Alas, CB-oMan-NB, NE-Lab; Cal, Colo,
Minn-lll-NJ-Me.

MANITOBA: Du parc provincial du mont Duck à
Treesbank.

Carte: Case 1964 Grands Lacs, Hultén 1964, 1968,
Luer 1975, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT. Bois humides et marais.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta, en Nouvelle-Ecosse et
en Saskatchewan. Eliminée dans l'Illinois, peut-être
éliminée dans le New Hampshire, menacée d’extinc-
tion dans le Colorado, menacée dans le Wisconsin,
et rare en Californie, dans le Connecticut, le Maine,
le Massachusetts et le New Jersey.

Nota: Protegée par l'accord CITES (Argus 1978).

Malaxis paludosa (L.) Sw.

(Hammarbya paludosa (L.) Ktze.)

Sources: WIN; Boivin 1967-79, IBP-CT 1974, Parker
1976, Shay 1974.

REPARTITION: Alas-sTNO, nCB, Alta, cSask, oMan, Ont;
nMinn.

MANITOBA: Gilbert Plains.

Carte: Case 1964 Grands Lacs, Hultén 1958, 1968,
Luer 1975, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT: Marais humides couverts de sphaigne.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada et menacée d'extinction
dans le Minnesota.

Nota: Protégée par l'accord CITES (Argus 1978).

Malaxis unifolia Michx.

SOURCES: CAN, MMMN; Boivin 1967-79, Shay 1974.
REPARTITION: SeMan-Lab; Minn-Tex-Flor-Me.
MANITOBA: Réserve forestière de Sandilands.

Carte: Case 1964 Grands Lacs, Luer 1975.

HABITAT: Marais, bois et bords d’étangs.

CONDITIONS: Peut-être éliminée dans l'Illinois, et rare
dans le Connecticut, la Floride, l'Indiana, le Massa-
chusetts, le New Jersey et l'ouest de l'Etat de New
York.

Nota: Protégée par l'accord CITES (Argus 1978).

Mamillaria vivipara = Coryphantha vivipara

Matricaria ambigua (Ledeb.) Kryl.

(M. maritima L. var. nana (Hook.) Boivin,
Tripleurospermum phaeocephalum (Rupr.) Pobed.)

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, OK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a,
Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan-nQué, Lab.

ManitoBa: Rivière Seal, Churchill, baie La Pérouse,
York Factory.

Carte: Hultén 1968, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Côtes marines sablonneuses.

Matricaria maritima var. nana = M. ambigua

Melandrium affine (J. Vahl.) Hartm.
(Lychnis affinis J. Vahl, M. furcatum (Raf.) Hult., L.
gillettii Boivin, Silene involucrata (C. & S.) Bocq.)
Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-oAlta, nMan-nQué, Lab.
ManNITOBA: Churchill.
Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964, Young 1971.
HABITAT: Toundra humide.
CoNDITIONS: Rare en Alberta.

Melandrium apetalum (L.) Fenzl.

(Lychnis apetala L., Silene walbergella Chowdhuri)
Sources: DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-Alta, nMan-nQué, Lab:

Mont, Utah-Colo.

ManitoBa: Churchill.
Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964 Can, Raup

1947 Can.

HABITAT: Toundra humide et endroits graveleux.
CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario.

Melandrium furcatum = M. affine

Mentzelia decapetala (Pursh) Urban & Gilg
Sources: WIN; Boivin 1967-79.
REPARTITION: Alta-sMan; Mont-Nev-Tex-lowa-DN.
MANITOBA: Boissevain.
Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.
HaBiTaT: Sols nus, érodés par le vent.
CoNpITIONS: Rare dans l'Iowa.

Mertensia lanceolata Pursh
Sources: MMMN, WIN.
REPARTITION: SAlta-oMan; Mont-Colo-DN.
ManitoBa: Minitonas et Lyleton.
Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.
HABITAT: Steppes.

Mertensia maritima (L.) S. F. Gray

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN: Ritchie 1956a,
Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, nMan-NB, NE-Lab; Mass,
Me.

MANITOBA: Pointe Longue et Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1958, 1968, Porsild 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Plages marines graveleuses.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario, dans la portion continen-
tale des Territoires du Nord-ouest, le Yukon et le
Massachusetts.

Microseris cuspidata (Pursh) Schultz-Bip.
(Agoseris cuspidata (Pursh) Raf.)

Sources: CAN, DAO; Boivin 1967-79, Love & Bernard
1959.

REPARTITION: SAlta-soMan; Mont-Tex-Ark-lll-Minn.
Manitosa: Brandon et rivière Souris.

Carte: Maher et al. 1979 Sask, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Pentes des prairies.
CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada. Menacée dans le Wiscon-
sin, et rare dans l'Illinois, le Minnesota et le Missouri.

Mimulus glabratus HBK. var. fremontii (Benth.) Grant
Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, de Vries
1971, Kershaw 1976, Shay 1974.

REPARTITION: seSask-sMan-Qué; DN -Ariz- Tex-Missouri-
Mich.

ManitoBa: Région de Shilo.

Carte: Maher et al. 1979 Sask, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cEU, Pennell 1935.

HABITAT: Sources ombragées et marécageuses.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario, en Saskatchewan, dans
l'Illinois et le Missouri.

Minuartia rubella (Wahl.) Graebn.
(Arenaria rubella (Wahl.) Sm.)
Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-nMan-Qué, TN-Lab; Wash-
Cal-NM-Mont, DS, Ver.
Manitosa: Churchill.

Carte: Hulten 1968, 1971, Maher et al. 1979 Sask,
Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Pentes arides et dégagées.
CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario, en Saskatchewan, dans
l'Idaho et le Vermont.

Minuartia stricta (Sw.) Hiern
(Arenaria uliginosa Schleich., A. stricta Michx. var.
uliginosa (Schleich.) Boivin)

Sources: CAN, DAO.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan-Qué; Colo.

ManitosBa: Churchill et York Factory.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Toundra humide.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans le Colorado.

Nota: Depuis 1930, on n’en a trouvé aucun spécimen
au Manitoba.

Monotropa hypopitys L.
(Hypopitys monotropa Crantz.)

Sources: RMNP.

REPARTITION: Alas, CB-soAlta, soSask, oMan, Ont-TN;
répandue aux EU.

MANITOBA: Parc national du mont Riding.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT. Bois de conifères.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta et en Saskatchewan. Me-
nacée d'extinction en Géorgie et dans le Texas, et
rare dans le Colorado, la Floride, l'Illinois, l'Iowa, le
Kansas et l'Orégon.

31

Muhlenbergia andina (Nutt.) Hitchc.
Sources: DAO; Kershaw 1976, Looman 1973.
REPARTITION: OMan; Wash-Cal-Colo-Mont.
MANITOBA: Birch River et parc provincial du mont

Duck.

Carte: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 EU, Pohl 1969.
HABITAT: Prairies humides et berges lacustres.
CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada et dans le Colorado.

Musineon divaricatum (Pursh) Nutt.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: SAlta-sMan; Mont-Colo-DN.

Carte: Mathias 1930, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.
Hasitat: Flancs de collines arides.

Myosurus minimus L.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: CB-sMan-sOnt; Wash-Cal-Tex-Géo-Vir.

MANITOBA: De Melita a Morden.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU, Meusel et al.
1965.

HABITAT. Sols calcaires ou alcalins.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario et dans le Dakota du Sud
et l'Iowa.

Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC.

Sources: CAN, WIN.

REPARTITION: TNO, nSask-no&seMan-NB, NE-TN; Minn-
Mich, NY-Me.

MANITOBA: Rivière Cochrane, lac Reindeer et parc pro-
vincial de Whiteshell (region du lac Hawk ouest).

Carte: Hultén 1958, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT: Lacs peu profonds.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des
Territoires du Nord-ouest, la Saskatchewan, le Con-
necticut, le Michigan, le New Hampshire et l'Etat de
New York.

Nymphaea odorata Ait.

Sources: CAN, MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: se&cMan-TN; Minn-Tex-Flor-Me.

ManiToBa: Rivière Minago et région du parc provincial
de Whiteshell.

HABITAT: Eaux peu agitées.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans l'Illinois.

Oenothera perennis L.

Sources: MMMN; Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: SOCB, sMan-TN: Minn-Missouri-CS-Me.

MANITOBA: Teulon.

Carte: Straley 1977.

HABITAT: Prairies graveleuses.

ConpDITIONS: Menacée d'extinction en Caroline du
Nord, et rare dans l'Illinois et le Missouri.

Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: CB-soMan; Wash-Cal-Tex-Minn.

ManitoBa: De St-Lazare a Lauder a Glenboro.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Collines arides et dunes, parasite de
|’ Artemisia.

ConpiTions: Rare en Alberta. Menacée d'extinction dans
le Missouri, et rare dans l'Illinois, l'Iowa et le Kansas.

32

Oryzopsis canadensis (Poir.) Torr.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: CB-oMan-Lab; Wyo, Minn-Mich, Vir de l'o,
NY-Me.

MANITOBA: Parc provincial du mont Duck, rivière
Qu'Appelle, parc national du mont Riding.

Carte: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 EU, Raymond 1953
eAN.

HABITAT: Bosquets et bois.

Conpitions: Rare en Alberta et en Nouvelle-Ecosse.
Menacée d'extinction dans le Wisconsin, menacée
dans le Michigan, et rare dans le New Hampshire et
l'Etat de New York.

Oryzopsis hymenoides (R. & S.) Ricker

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: SeCB-soMan; Wash-Cal-Tex-DN.

Manitosa: De St-Lazare a Glenboro.

Carte: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 EU, Johnson 1945,
McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU, Ramaley 1939.

HABITAT. Prairies arides et collines de sable.

ConpiITIONS: Rare dans le Minnesota.

Oryzopsis micrantha (Trin. & Rupr.) Thurb.

Sources: DAO, WIN, UWPG.

REPARTITION: CB-soMan; Mont-Nev-NM-DN.

ManitoBa: De Routledge au parc provincial de Spruce
Woods.

Carte: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 EU, McGregor &
Barkley 1977 cEU, Shechter & Johnson 1968.

HABITAT: Bois dégagés et corniches ou pentes
rocheuses.

ConDITIONS: Rare en Alberta. Probablement éliminée
dans le Texas, et rare en Californie et dans
l'Oklahoma.

Osmorhiza claytoni (Michx.) Clarke

SOURCES: WIN.

REPARTITION: seMan-TN; Minn-Kans-Ark-CN-Me.

MANITOBA: Pinawa.

Carte: Constance & Shan 1948, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cEU.

HABITAT. Bois feuillus.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans le Kansas.

Ostrya virginiana (Mill) Koch

Sources: CAN, DAO; Boivin 1967-79, Shay 1974.

REPARTITION: SMan-NB, NE; DN-Wyo-Tex-Flor-Me.

ManitoBa: Morden et parc provincial de Whiteshell (lac
Falcon).

Carte: Hosie 1969 Can, Little 1971, McGregor & Bark-
ley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Bois luxuriants.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans le Wyoming.

Oxytropis bellii (Britt.) Palibine

Sources: CAN.

REPARTITION: TNO, nMan, nQué.

MANITOBA: Pointe Longue et Churchill.

Carte: Barneby 1952, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Bancs de gravier et toundra.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des Ter-
ritoires du Nord-ouest.

Nota: Endémique jusqu'à la baie d'Hudson.

Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC. var. johannensis Fern.

(O. johannensis (Fern.) Fern.)

Sources: DAO; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: TNO, nMan, Qué, NB, NE-Lab; Me.

MANITOBA: Churchill.

Carte: Barneby 1952, Fassett 1939a, Meusel et al.
1965, Raymond 1950b eAN.

HABITAT: Toundra.

CONDITIONS. Rare en Nouvelle-Ecosse, en Ontario et
dans le Maine.

Oxytropis johannensis = O. campestris var.

johannensis

Oxytropis sericea Nutt.

(O. spicata (Hook.) Standl.)

Sources: CAN, DAO.

REPARTITION: SAlas-TNO, CB-soMan; Mont-Nev-Tex-DS.

MANITOBA: St-Lazare.

Carte: Barneby 1952, Hultén 1968, McGregor & Bark-
ley 1977 cEU, Welsh 1960 cEU.

HABITAT: Pentes des prairies et collines de sable.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des Ter-
ritoires du Nord-ouest et le Yukon.

Oxytropis spicata = O. sericea

Panicum linearifolium Scribn.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: SeMan-Qué, NE; Wisc-Tex-Géo-Me.

ManitoBA: Du lac Quesnel au parc provincial de
Whiteshell.

Carte: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 EU.

HABITAT: Bois arides et dégagés.

ConpITIONS: Menacée en Caroline du Nord et rare
dans le Kansas.

Panicum perlongum Nash.

Sources: DAO; Kershaw 1976.

REPARTITION: SMan-o&sOnt; DN-Tex-Ark-Minn.

MANITOBA: Sydney, réserve forestière de Sandilands et
parc provincial de Whiteshell.

Carte: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 EU, McGregor &
Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Prairies arides et bois dégagés.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada.

Panicum wilcoxianum Vasey

(Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schultes) Gould var.
wilcoxianum (Vasey) Gould & Clarke)

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: CAlta-soMan; Mont-NM-III-Minn.

ManiToBa: De St-Lazare à Lyleton à Camp Shilo.

CARTE: Gould & Clarke 1978, Hitchcock & Chase 1950
EU, Maher et al. 1979 Sask, McGregor & Barkley
1O77AcEU,

HABITAT: Prairies arides, collines de sable, clairières
sablonneuses.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada, dans le Colorado et le
Minnesota.

Parnassia parviflora DC.

Sources: DAO.

REPARTITION: CB-nMan-Qué, IPE-Lab; Utah, Colo, DS,
lowa, Wisc-Mich.

MANITOBA: Gillam.

HABITAT: Prairies humides et berges.

ConpITIONS: Rare en Nouvelle-Ecosse, dans l'Iowa et le
Wisconsin.

Pedicularis flammea L.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: TNO, oAlta, nMan-Qué, TN-Lab.

ManitoBa: Rivière Seal et Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1958, 1968, Packer & Vitt 1974, Porsild
1964.

HABITAT: Toundra humide et endroits graveleux
exposes.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta, dans la portion continen-
tale des Territoires du Nord-ouest et en Ontario.

Pedicularis lapponica L.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan-Qué, Lab.

MANITOBA: Churchill.

Carte: Hulten 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964, Young 1971.
HABITAT: Toundra rocheuse.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario et au Yukon.

Pedicularis macrodonta Richards.

(P. parviflora auct.)

Sources: CAN, MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, cAlta, Sask, n&oMan, Ont,
Qué.

ManITOBA: York Factory et Cowan.

Carte: Hultén 1968, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT: Marais humides et prairies.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta, dans la portion continen-
tale des Territoires du Nord-ouest, le Yukon
et en Saskatchewan.

Pedicularis parviflora = P. macrodonta

Pellaea glabella var. nana = P. glabella var.
occidentalis

Pellaea glabella Mett. var. occidentalis (E. Nels.)
Butters
(P. glabella Mett. var. nana (Rich.) Cody)

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: TNO, Alta-s&oMan; Mont-Wyo-DN.

ManitoBa: Du lac Athapapouskaw à Grand Rapids, Sto-
ny Mountain.

Carte: Maher et al. 1979 Sask, McGregor & Barkley
1977 cEU, Rigby & Britton 1970 Can, Tryon 1957,
Tryon & Britton 1958.

HABITAT: Affleurements et falaises de calcaire.

Conpitions: Rare en Saskatchewan.

Penstemon nitidus Doug.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: seCB-soMan; Ida-DN, Colo.
ManitoBa: De Russel a Virden.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.
HABITAT: Prairies sablonneuses ou graveleuses.

33

Penstemon procerus Dougl.
Sources: DAO, MMMN, WIN.
REPARTITION: Alas-Y, CB-soMan; Wash-Utah-Colo-Mont.
MANitoBA: De Miniota a Reston.
Carte: Hultén 1968, Keck 1945 oAN, Pennell 1935.
HABITAT: Prairies humides.

Penthorum sedoides L.
Sources: DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Lôve & Bernard
1959.
REPARTITION: seMan-NB: Minn-Tex-Flor-Me.
ManITOBA: Otterburne.
Carte: Love & Bernard 1959 Man.
HABITAT: Berges et fossés.

Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt
(Dryopteris phegopteris (L.) Christens., P.
polypodioides Fée, Thelypteris phegopteris (L.)
Slossen)

Sources: DAO, JCR, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79,
Looman 1973, Ritchie 1956b, 1956c.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-oMan-Lab; Wash-Oré-Mont,
Minn-Géo-Me.

MaNitoBA: Lac Kasmere et Cranberry Portage.

Carte: Hultén 1964, 1968, Maher et al. 1979 Sask,
Meusel et al. 1965, Mulligan & Cody 1979 Can.

HABITAT: Bois luxuriants humides.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta, dans la portion conti-
nentale des Territoires du Nord-ouest, en Saskat-
chewan et au Yukon. Menacée d'extinction en Caro-
line du Nord, et rare dans l'Illinois, l'Orégon et le
Tennessee.

Phegopteris polypodioides = P. connectilis

Phyllodoce caerulea (L.) Bab.
Sources: CAN, JCR; Cody 1953, Ritchie 1959.
REPARTITION: TNO, nMan, nOnt, Qué, NE-Lab; NH, Me.
ManitoBa: Lac Caribou, lac McLeod et rivière Seal.
Carte: Cody 1953, Hultén 1958, Porsild 1964 Can.
HABITAT: Sables et graviers.
CONDITIONS. Rare en Nouvelle-Ecosse, en Ontario et

dans le Maine.

Pinus resinosa Ait.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; IBP-CT 1974.

REPARTITION: SeMan-TN; Minn-Mich, Penn-Me.

ManitoBa: Parc provincial de Whiteshell (lac Falcon),
reserve forestiére de Sandilands, lac Moose.

Carte: Fowells 1965, Hosie 1969 Can, Little 1971.

HABITAT: Bois arides.

ConpITIONS: Rare dans le Connecticut et l'Illinois.

Pinus strobus L.
Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; IBP-CT 1974.
REPARTITION: SeMan-TN; Minn-nGéo-Me.
ManitoBa: Du parc provincial de Whiteshell (lac Fal-
con) au lac des Bois.
CARTE: Fowells 1965, Hosie 1969 Can, Little 1971.
HABITAT: Sols sablonneux bien irrigués.
ConpITIONS: Rare dans l'Illinois et l'Iowa.

Plagiobothrys cognatus = P. scouleri

34

Plagiobothrys scouleri (H. & A.) Johnst.

(Allocarya californica (F. & M.) Greene, P.
cognatus (Greene) Johnston)

Sources: WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas-Y, CB-soMan; Wash-Cal-NM-Mont.

MANITOBA: Melita.

CARTE. Hultén 1968.

HABITAT. Sols humides.

Nota: Cette plante est possiblement introduite dans la
province.

Plantago elongata Pursh ssp. elongata
SOURCES: CAN, WIN.
REPARTITION: CB-soMan; Wash-Cal-Tex-Minn.
MANiToBA: Miniota et Melita.

Carte: Bassett 1966, 1973, McGregor & Barkley 1977
CEU?

HABITAT: Régions alcalines arides et humides.
CONDITIONS: Rare dans le Minnesota.

Plantago juncoides = P. maritima

Plantago maritima L.

(P. juncoides Lam.)

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a,
Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-Alta, nMan-Lab; Wash-Cal,
Me-NJ.

MANITOBA: De la rivière Seal a la baie La Pérouse, York
Factory et Dawson Bay.

Carte: Bassett 1973, Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964
Can.

HABITAT: Marais salants et sols alcalins.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta, en Ontario, au Yukon et
dans l'Etat de New York.

Plantago patagonica Jacq.

(P. purshii auct.)

Sources: DAO; Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: CB-sMan; Wash-Ariz-Tex-Minn.

MANITOBA: Emerson.

Carte: Bassett 1973 Can, Daubenmire 1942 EU, Mc-
Gregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Steppes érodées par le vent et plaines alluvia-
les arides.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans l'Indiana.

Plantago purshii = P. patagonica

Platanthera hookeri (Torr.) Lind.
(Habenaria hookeri Torr.)
Sources: DAO, MMMN, WIN.
REPARTITION: SeMan-TN; Minn-lowa-Penn-Me.

MANITOBA: De Victoria Beach à la réserve forestière de
Sandilands.

Carte: Case 1964 Grands Lacs, Luer 1975.

HABITAT: Bois luxuriants.

CONDITIONS: Menacée dans le Wisconsin, et rare dans
l'Indiana, l'Illinois et l'Iowa.

Platanthera lacera (Michx.) G. Don

(Habenaria lacera (Michx.) Lodd)

Sources: MMMN.

REPARTITION: SeMan-sOnt, NE, TN; Minn-Tex-CS-Me.

MANITOBA: lle Hecla.

Carte: Case 1964 Grands Lacs, Luer 1975, McGregor
& Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Prairies, bosquets et bois.

CONDITIONS: Menacée d’extinction dans le Texas, me-
nacée en Caroline du Sud, et rare dans |’Alabama, le
Delaware et l'Illinois.

Poa arctica R. Br.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-nSask, nMan-Que, TN-sLab;
Wash-Cal-NM-Mont.

ManitoBa: De la rivière Seal au cap Churchill, York
Factory.

Carte: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 EU, Hultén 1968, Ma-
her et al. 1979 Sask, Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild
1964 Can, Raup 1947 Can.

HABITAT: Prairies couvertes de roseaux.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario et en Saskatchewan.

Poa cusickii Vasey
SOURCES: CAN.
REPARTITION: SY, CB-soMan; Wash-Cal-Colo-DN.
ManitoBa: Oak Lake et Brandon.
Carte: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 EU, Hultén 1968, Mc-
Gregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.
HABITAT: Prairies arides et collines de sable.

Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey
Sources: DAO, WIN.
REPARTITION: CB-soMan; Mont-Cal-NM-Okla-DN.
MANITOBA: Brandon.
Carte: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 EU, McGregor &
Barkley 1977 cEU.
HABITAT: Prairies dégagées.

Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC.

(P. graveolens Raf.)

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Shay 1974.

REPARTITION: Sask-soMan-soQué; Wash-Cal-Tex-Ala-NH.

ManitoBa: De Shilo au parc provincial de Spruce
Woods.

Carte: Iltis 1958, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU, Ra-
maley 1939.

Hasitat: Sols sablonneux ou graveleux.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario et au Connecticut.

Polanisia graveolens = P. dodecandra

Polygala verticillata L.
Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Love & Bernard 1959.
REPARTITION: seSask-sMan-soQué; Wyo-Colo-Tex-Flor-
Ver.
ManitoBa: De Ste-Rose-du-Lac à Griswold a Otter -
burne.

CARTE: Gillett 1968, Love & Bernard 1959 Man, Maher
et al. 1979 Sask, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU,
Pennell 1931.

HABITAT. Prairies et collines arides.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Saskatchewan, dans l'Indiana, le
Minnesota et le Wyoming.

Populus grandidentata Michx.
Sources: DAO, WIN; Dugle 1969.
REPARTITION: SeMan-NE; Minn-Missouri-CN-Me.
ManitoBa: Du parc provincial de Whiteshell (lac Betula)
au lac Shoal.

Carte: Fowells 1965, Hosie 1969 Can, Little 1971,
Meusel et al. 1965.

HaBITAT: Bois arides.

CONDITIONS: Menacée d'extinction dans le Missouri et
la Caroline du Nord, et rare dans le Tennessee.

Potamogeton amplifolius Tuckerm.

Sources: DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: SCB, cSask, o&seMan-NB, NE-TN; Wash-
Cal-Okla-Géo-Me.

MANITOBA: Lac Athapapouskaw, de Bissett au parc pro-
vincial de Whiteshell (lac Caddy).

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU, Ogden 1943,
Steyermark 1941.

HABITAT: Lacs et cours d’eau.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Saskatchewan. Menacée en Caro-
line du Nord.

Potamogeton illinoensis Morong.

Sources: MMMN; Kershaw 1976.

REPARTITION: TNO, SCB-sMan-soQué; Wash-Cal-Tex-Flor-
Ver.

Manitosa: Rivière de la Vallée et Whitemouth.

Carte: Hulten 1958, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU,
Meusel et al. 1965, Ogden 1943.

HABITAT: Lacs et cours d’eau.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des
Territoires du Nord-ouest. Menacée d'extinction en
Caroline de Nord, et rare dans l'Indiana et le
Kansas.

Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. & Koch

Sources: CAN.

REPARTITION: Y-TNO, CB-nMan-Qué, NE; noWash, no-
Mont, noWyo, Kans, Minn-Me.

ManiToBa: Churchill, lacs Reindeer et Cross.

Carte: Haynes 1974, Hultén 1958, Meusel et al. 1965.

HABITAT: Berges des lacs peu agités et embouchures
des ruisseaux.

Conpitions: Rare en Alberta, en Nouvelle-Ecosse et
en Saskatchewan. Menacée en Pennsylvanie, et rare
dans le Kansas et le Wyoming.

35

Potamogeton pusillus L. var. tenuissimus Mert &
Koch

Sources: CAN, DAO.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-Lab; Wash-Cal-Flor-Me.

ManitosBa: Gillam, Grand Rapids et parc provincial de
Whiteshell (lac Jessica).

Carte: Haynes 1974, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.
HABITAT: Petits étangs.
CoNnpDITIONS: Rare en Alberta et en Saskatchewan.

Potamogeton robbinsii Oakes
Sources: DAO; Ritchie 1956b, 1956c.

REPARTITION: Alas, TNO, soCB-eMan-NB, NE: Wash-Cal-
Mont, Minn-lll-Me.

MANITOBA: Bissett.
Carte: Hultén 1968, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.
HABITAT: Eau peu profondes.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans l'Alberta, la portion continen-
tale des Territoires du Nord-ouest et la Saskatche-
wan. Menacée d'extinction dans l'Ohio, et rare dans
l'Illinois et l'Indiana.

Potamogeton strictifolius Ar. Benn.
Sources: CAN, WIN.
REPARTITION: TNO, Alta-nMan-Qué; DN-Utah-Neb-lll- Ver.
MaNitoBa: Rivière Hayes.
Carte: Haynes 1974, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.
HABITAT: Eaux calcaires.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta. Probablement éliminée
dans l'Ohio, et rare dans le Connecticut, l'Illinois et
le Massachusetts.

Potentilla egedii Wormskj. var. groenlandica (Tratt.)
Polunin

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a,
Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan-Qué, NE-Lab; Nouvelle-
Angleterre.

MANITOBA: De la riviére Seal a la baie La Pérouse, York
Factory.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Prairies humides, sables et graviers le long de
la cote.

Potentilla flabelliformis = P. gracilis var.
flabelliformis

Potentilla finitima Kohli & Packer
Sources: Kohli & Packer 1976.
REPARTITION: SAlta-sMan; DN.
ManIToBA: Région de Carberry.
Carte: Kohli & Packer 1976.
HABITAT: Prairies arides.
CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta.

36

Potentilla gracilis Dougl. var. flabelliformis (Lehm.)
Nutt.

(P. flabelliformis Lehm.)
Sources: CAN.
REPARTITION: sAlas, CB-soMan; Wash-Cal-Mont, Minn.
ManitoBa: Napinka.
Carte: Clausen et al. 1940, Hultén 1968.
HABITAT: Prairies.
CONDITIONS: Rare dans le Minnesota.

Potentilla nivea L.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, OK, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-nMan, Qué, TN-Lab; Mont,
DS.

ManitosBa: Churchill et baie La Pérouse.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Maher et al. 1979 Sask,
Porsild 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Roches calcaires.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Saskatchewan et au Yukon.

Potentilla pensylvanica L. var. litoralis (Rydb.) Boivin

(P. pensylvanica L. var. pectinata auct.)

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: TNO, Alta-nMan-Qué, NE-Lab; Nouvelle-
Angleterre.

Manitosa: Churchill, York Factory et Le Pas.

Carte: Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

HABITAT: Berges sablonneuses et graveleuses.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Nouvelle-Ecosse et en Saskat-
chewan.

Puccinellia lucida Fern. & Weath.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Kershaw 1976,
Ritchie 1956a, Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: nMan-Qué.

ManitoBa: Churchill et baie La Pérouse.

HABITAT: Marais salants et sables côtiers.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario.

Puccinellia vaginata (Lange) Fern. & Weath.

Sources: CAN, MMMN, QK; Kershaw 1976, Kershaw &
Morton 1976, Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan, Qué, Lab.

ManitoBa: Churchill et baie La Pérouse.

Carte: Hultén 1968, Porsild 1964.

HaBITAT: Sables et argiles côtiers.

Pyrola rotundifolia L. var. americana (Sweet) Fern.

Sources: DAO, MMMN.

REPARTITION: SeMan-TN; Minn-lll-CN-Me.

ManitosBa: De l'île Black a la réserve forestière de San-
dilands au lac Wallace.

Carte: Hultén 1958.

HABITAT: Bois mixtes arides.

CONDITIONS: Menacée d'extinction dans le Tennessee,
et rare dans l'Illinois et l'Indiana.

Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl.

Sources: DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: SeMan-sOnt; Minn-Tex-Géo-NH.

MaNitoBa: Parc provincial de Whiteshell (lac Falcon).
CARTE: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Bois dégagés et corniches calcaires.
CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada, dans le New Hampshire,

Potentilla pensylvanica var. pectinata = P.
pensylvanica var. litoralis

le Maine et le Vermont.

: : Ranunculus pallasii Schlecht.
Potentilla plattensis Nutt.

Sources: CAN, WIN.

REPARTITION: SAlta-soMan; Mont-Cal-Utah-NM-DS.
ManiToBA: Oak River, Napinka et Forrest.
HABITAT: Prairies humides.

Potentilla pulchella R. Br.
(P. rubricaulis Lehm.)

Sources: DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a, Schofield
1959.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan, nOnt-Que, TN-Lab.

MANitoBa: Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1958, 1968, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Toundra aride.

Conoirions: Rare en Ontario, dans la portion continen-
tale des Territoires du Nord-ouest et au Yukon.

Sources: CAN, MMMN; Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, n&eMan-Qué, Lab.

ManitosBa: Riviére Seal, région de Churchill et riviere
Berens.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Berges saumatres et eaux peu profondes.

ConDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des Ter-
ritoires du Nord-ouest.

Ranunculus pedatifidus Sm. ssp. affinis (R. Br.) Hult.

Sources: MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-Alta, Sask, nMan-Que, TN-
Lab; Ida-Ariz-NM-Minn.

ManitosBa: Rivière Seal, Churchill et baie La Pérouse.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964 Can.

HaBITAT: Toundra.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario.

Potentilla rubricaulis = P. pulchella

. ; Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir
Primula stricta Hornem.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, Alta, nMan-Qué, Lab.
ManitoBa: Churchill, York Factory et Gillam.

Carte: Baker 1959, Hultén 1958, 1968, Porsild 1964.

HABITAT: Couloirs interdunaires, prairies humides et
berges.

Sources: DAO, MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: seMan-IPE; DN-Tex-Ky-Vir-Nouvelle Angle -
terre.

Manitopa: De Gimli à la réserve forestière de
Sandilands.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

HaBiTaT: Clairières humides dans les bois.

Rhododendron lapponicum (L.) Wahl.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-oAlta, nMan-Qué, TN-Lab;
Wisc, NY-Me.

ManitosBa: Riviere Seal, Churchill et baie La Pérouse.

CARTE: Gillett 1971, Hultén 1958, 1968, Porsild 1964
Can.

HaBITAT: Tourbe humide et dunes stables.

Conpitions: Rare en Alberta et en Ontario. Menacée
d'extinction dans le Wisconsin, et rare dans le Maine
et l'Etat de New York.

Rhyncospora capillacea Torr.

Sources: DAO.

REPARTITION: Alta-seMan, Ont-TN; DN-Missouri-Tenn- Vir-
Me.

MANITOBA: Birds Hill.

Carte: Gale 1944, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta, en Nouvelle-Ecosse et
en Saskatchewan. Menacée d’extinction dans le Da-
kota du Sud et le Tennessee, menacée en Pennsyl-
vanie, et rare dans l'Illinois, l'Ilowa et le New
Hampshire.

Ruppia maritima var. occidentalis = R. occidentalis

Ruppia occidentalis Wats.

(Ruppia maritima L. var. occidentalis (Wats.)
Graebn., R. spiralis auct.)

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas, TNO, CB-sMan; Wash-Cal, Mont-Tex-
DN.

MANITOBA: Lac Manitoba.

Carte: Hulten 1964, 1968, McGregor & Barkley 1977
cEU.

HasBitat: Eaux salines ou alcalines.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta.

Ruppia spiralis = R. occidentalis

Sagina caespitosa (J. Vahl) Lange
Sources: CAN, WIN.
REPARTITION: TNO, nMan, Qué, Lab.
ManitoBa: Lac Baralzon.
Carte: Crow 1978, Hultén 1958, Porsild 1964.
HABITAT: Landes rocheuses arides et tertres graveleux.

Sagittaria rigida Pursh
Sources: DAO, MMMN, WIN.
REPARTITION: SeMan-sQué; Minn-Missouri-Tenn-Me.
ManiToBA: Du parc provincial de Whiteshell a Sanford
au lac Shoal.
Carte: Bogin 1955.
HABITAT: Eaux peu profondes.

Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Cov.
Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, soAlta, nMan, nQué.
MaNnitoBa: Churchill.
Carte: Hultén 1968, Little 1976a, Porsild 1964, Raup
1947, 1959.
HABITAT: Berges graveleuses, toundra et dunes.

37

Salix arbusculoides Anderss.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, scCB-Alta, cSask-nMan, cQué.

ManiToBa: Churchill, fleuve Nelson et Flin Flon.

CARTE: Hultén 1968, Little 1976a, Raup 1943 eCan,
1947, 1959.

HABITAT: Berges des cours d'eau, forêts dégagées et
marécages.

Salix arbutifolia = S. fuscescens

Salix brachycarpa Nutt. ssp. brachycarpa

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, OK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Y-TNO, CB-Sask, nMan-Qué; Wash-Cal-
Colo-Mont.

ManitosBa: De Churchill au cap Churchill, York Factory.

Carte: Argus 1965, Hultén 1968, Raup 1959 Can.

HABITAT: Toundra côtière et estuaires.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario, au Yukon, en Californie,
dans l'Orégon et l'Etat de Washington.

Salix calcicola = S. lanata ssp. calcicola

Salix fuscescens Ait.

(S. arbutifolia auct.)
Sources: CAN.
REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan.
MANITOBA: Du lac Baralzon à la rivière Seal.
Carte: Hultén 1968, Meusel et al. 1965, Raup 1959.
HABITAT: Prairies humides et marécages.
ConpiTIons: Rare dans le Yukon.

Salix herbacea L.

Sources: CAN, WIN.

REPARTITION: TNO, nMan, Qué, TN-Lab; NY-NH-Me.

MANITOBA: Lacs Nueltin, Baralzon et Duck.

Carte: Hultén 1958, Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild 1964
Can, Raup 1943 Can, 1959 Can.

HaBiTaT: Toundra humide et rives des lacs.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans le New Hampshire et l'Etat de
New York.

Salix lanata L. ssp. calcicola (Fern. & Wieg.) Hult.

(S. calcicola Fern. & Wieg.)

Sources: CAN, DAO, QK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: TNO, oAlta, nMan-Qué, TN-Lab.

ManitoBa: De la rivière Seal à la baie La Pérouse, York
Factory.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964, Raup 1943
eCan, 1959.

Hasitat: Roches calcaires, landes et dunes.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta et en Ontario.

Salix reticulata L.

Sources: CAN, DAO, QK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, oAlta, neSask-nMan-Qué,
TN-Lab.

ManitosBa: Churchill, baie La Pérouse et York Factory.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Maher et al. 1979 Sask,
Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild 1964, Raup 1947, 1959.

HABITAT: Roches calcaires et landes.

CoNpITIONS: Rare en Alberta, en Ontario et en
Saskatchewan.

38

Salix vestita Pursh Saxifraga oppositifolia L.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: TNO, CB-Alta, nMan-Qué, TN-Lab; Wash-
Ore-Mont.

ManitoBa: De Churchill a York Factory à la rivière
Hayes.

Carte: Meusel et al. 1965, Raup 1943 eCan, 1959
Can, Wynne-Edwards 1937.

HABITAT: Fôrets, marécages et endroits rocheux
calcaires.

ConpiTIONS: Rare en Ontario, dans l'Orégon et l'Etat
de Washington.

Sanguinaria canadensis L.

Sources: CAN, MMMN, WIN; Shay 1974.

REPARTITION: SMan-NE; Wisc-Tex-Flor-Me.

ManITOBA: De Winnipeg aux collines Pembina a
Sprague.

HABITAT: Bois luxuriants.

CONDITIONS: Menacée d'extinction dans le Texas, et
rare dans le Mississippi, le Dakota du Nord et le
Rhode Island.

Saxifraga aizoides L.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: Y-TNO, CB-Alta, nMan-Qué, NE, Lab; Ver,
NY.

MANitoBA: Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1958, 1968, Love & Love 1951, Porsild
1964 Can, Raup 1947 Can.

HABITAT. Endroits calcaires humides.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Nouvelle-Ecosse, en Ontario, dans
le Yukon, l'Etat de New York et le Vermont.

Saxifraga caespitosa L.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-Alta, nMan-Qué, TN-Lab;
Wash-Oré, Mont-Ariz-Colo.

ManitoBa: Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1958, 1968, Love & Lôve 1951, Porsild
1964 Can.

HABITAT: Endroits rocheux et graveleux.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario.

Saxifraga cernua L.

Sources: CAN, MMMN.

REPARTITION: Alas, CB-Alta, nMan-noOnt, Qué, Lab;
Wash-Mont, Nev, Colo, DS, Minn, NH.

MANITOBA: Riviere Seal, Nunulla et cap Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Sables et graviers humides.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario, dans le Minnesota, le

New Hampshire, le Dakota du Sud et l'Etat de
Washington.

Saxifraga hirculus L.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan-nQué; Colo.

MANITOBA: De la rivière Seal à la baie La Pérouse, York
Factory.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Marais de tourbe.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, OK, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-soAlta, nMan, Qué, TN-Lab;
Wash-Oré-Mont-Wyo, Colo, Ver.

ManiToBa: Churchill et baie La Pérouse.

CARTE: Hultén 1968, 1971, Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild
1964 Can, Raup 1947 Can.

HABITAT: Toundra et graviers calcaires.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans l’Idaho, l'Orégon, le Vermont et
l'Etat de Washington.

Saxifraga pensylvanica L.

Sources: DAO; Kershaw 1976, Looman 1973.
REPARTITION: S@eMan-oOnt; Minn-lll-CN-Me.
MANITOBA: Lac Moose.

Carte: Burns 1942.

HABITAT: Marécages et bosquets marécageux.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada. Menacée d’extinction en
Caroline du Nord et rare dans le Maine.

Saxifraga rivularis L.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-Alta, nMan, Qué, TN-Lab;
Mont, Wyo, Colo, NH.

ManitoBa: Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964 Can, Raup
1947 Can.

HABITAT: Berges des cours d’eau et endroits graveleux
humides.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans le New Hampshire.

Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel.

Sources: CAN, WIN.

REPARTITION: SeAlta-soMan; Mont-Ariz-Louis-lll-Minn.

MANITOBA: Melita et Medora.

Carte: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 EU, McGregor &
Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Plaines et prairies alcalines arides.

ConpITIONS: Rare en Alberta. Eliminée dans l'Illinois, et
rare dans |’lowa et le Minnesota.

Scirpus nevadensis Wats.

Sources: DAO.

REPARTITION: SOCB, Sask-sMan; Wash-Cal-Utah-DN.
ManITOBA: Delta.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Marais.

Scirpus rufus (Huds.) Schrad.

(Blysmus rufus (Huds.) Link)

Sources: CAN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79, Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: Alas, TNO, sSask-NB, NE-TN.

MANitoBa: Churchill, rivière Red Deer et Delta.

Carte: Hultén 1964, 1968, Meusel et al. 1965, Potter
1932, Schofield 1959.

HABITAT. Etendues vaseuses, salines ou alcalines.

CoNpbITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des Ter-
ritoires du Nord-ouest, la Nouvelle-Ecosse et la
Saskatchewan.

Scutellaria parvula Michx. var. leonardii (Epling) Fern.

Sources: DAO; Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw 1976, Loo-
man 1969.

REPARTITION: SeMan; DN-Kans-Me.

MANITOBA: Rennie.

Carte: Epling 1942, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Affleurements rocheux couverts de sols
tourbeux.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada. Menacée d'extinction en
Caroline du Nord, et rare dans le Connecticut et le
Michigan.

Selaginella selaginoides (L.) Link

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN: Ritchie 1956a.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-nMan-NB, NE-Lab: Ida-Nev,
Minn-Mich, NY-Me.

ManitoBa: Churchill, York Factory, Gillam et région au
nord du Pas.

Carte: Hultén 1958, 1968, Maher et al. 1979 Sask,
Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild 1966 Can.

HABITAT: Berges et rochers humides.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Saskatchewan. Peut-étre éliminée
dans le Maine, et menacée d’extinction dans le Min-
nesota et le Wisconsin.

Silene involucrata = Melandrium affine

Silene menziesii Hook.

Sources: CAN, MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-oMan; Wash-Cal-NM-Mont.

MANITOBA: Le Pas.

Carte: Hultén 1968.

HABITAT: Bosquets humides et en bordure des
chemins.

Nota: Cette plante est possiblement introduite dans la
province.

Silene walbergella = Melandrium apetalum

Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf.

Sources: MMMN, WIN: Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: Alas, CB-soSask, se&cMan-NE; Wash-Cal-
Ariz, DN-Tex-Géo.

MANITOBA. Chemin Easterville et lac Shoal.

Carte: Galway 1945, Hultén 1968, Maher et al. 1979
Sask, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Bois luxuriants.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Saskatchewan.

Solidago purshii = S. uliginosa

Solidago riddellii Frank

Sources: DAO, WIN: Boivin 1967-79, Léve & Bernard
1959.

REPARTITION: SeMan-soOnt; Minn-Missouri-Vir-Ohio.

MANITOBA: Kleefeld, Ste-Geneviéve et Otterburne.

Carte: Love & Bernard 1959 Man.

HABITAT: Sols chernozémiques.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada, dans I'lowa et le
Minnesota.

39

Solidago uliginosa Nutt.

(S. purshii Porter)

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: TNO, seMan-NE, Lab; Mich-Ala-CN-Me.

MANITOBA: Parc provincial de Nopining, parc provincial
de Whiteshell et Marchand.

HABITAT: Marais.

CONDITIONS: Menacée en Caroline du Nord et rare
dans |’Alabama.

Stellaria humifusa Rottb.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, QK; Ritchie 1956a,
Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, nMan-Lab; Wash-Oré, Me.

MANITOBA: Rivière Seal, Churchill et baie La Pérouse.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Porsild 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Berges saumatres.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Nouvelle-Ecosse, au Yukon, dans
l'Orégon et l'Etat de Washington.

Steironema quadriflorum = Lysimachia quadriflora

Stipa richardsonii Link

Sources: DAO, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas-Y, CB-sMan; Wash-Ida-Colo-DS.

MANITOBA: Parc national du mont Riding.

Carte: Hitchcock & Chase 1950 EU, Hultén 1968.

HABITAT: Bois dégagés.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans le Yukon et le Colorado.

Nota: Le rapport du mont Duck (Looman 1969) est
fondé sur |’ Oryzopsis Canadensis.

Subularia aquatica L. ssp. americana Mulligan &

Calder

Sources: CAN, MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, nSask-no&seMan-Qué, NE-
Lab; Wash-nCal-Wyo, Minn-Mich, NY-Me.

ManITOBA: Lac Reindeer et parc provincial de
Whiteshell.

Carte: Hultén 1958, 1968, Maher et al. 1979 Sask,
Meusel et al. 1965, Mulligan & Calder 1964.

HABITAT: Berges lacustres et cours d’eau lents.

CONDITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des
Territoires du Nord-ouest, en Ontario, en Saskatche-
wan et au Yukon. Peut-être éliminée dans le Ver-
mont, menacée d'extinction dans le Minnesota, et
menacée dans le Michigan et rare dans le Maine.

Tanacetum huronense Nutt.

(Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. ssp. huronense
(Nutt.) Hult.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, sAlta, nMan-NB, TN; Mich-
Wisc, Me.

MANITOBA: York Factory, fleuve Nelson et rivière
Hayes.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Mickelson & IItis 1966.

HABITAT: Plages de galets.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta, dans la portion conti-
nentale des Territoires du Nord-ouest et en Ontario.
Menacée d'extinction dans le Wisconsin, menacée
dans le Michigan et rare dans le Maine.

Thelypteris phegopteris = Phegopteris connectilis

40

Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt.) Richards.
Sources: DAO, WIN; Shay 1974.
REPARTITION: Alta-soMan; Mont-Colo-Neb-DN.
ManitoBa: D'Elkhorn a Lyleton à Killarney a Carberry.
Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.
HABITAT: Prairies arides.

Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) Church var. fernaldii
(Hitchc.) Dore
Sources: CAN, UWPG.
REPARTITION: TNO, cCB, nSask, seMan-TN; Minn-Ohio-

Me.

MANITOBA: Parc provincial de Whiteshell (Chute-
McGillivray).

Carte: Koyama & Kawano 1964, Maher et al. 1979
Sask.

HABITAT: Bords de cours d'eau marécageuses.
CONDITIONS: Rare en Saskatchewan et dans l'Ohio et le
Rhode Island.

Townsendia exscapa (Richards.) Porter
Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN; Shay 1974.
REPARTITION: seCB-soMan; Mont-Nev-Ariz-Tex-DN.
ManitoBa: De Routledge à rivière Cypress.
CARTE: Beaman 1957, McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU,
Porsild 1958 Can.
HABITAT: Collines de sable.

Tradescantia occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth
SOURCES: CAN, DAO, WIN; Kershaw 1976.
REPARTITION: SOMan; Mont-Ariz-Tex-Ark-Minn.
ManitoBa: Routledge et Melita.
Carte: Anderson 1954, McGregor & Barkley 1977
cEU, Ramaley 1939.
HABITAT. Endroits sablonneux.
CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada.

Tripleurospermum phaeocephalum = Matricaria
ambigua

Utricularia cornuta Michx.

Sources: DAO, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: neAlta-nSask, c&sMan-Lab; Grands Lacs,
Tex-Flor-Me.

MANITOBA: Grand Rapids et Ste-Geneviéve.

Carte: Harms 1978 Sask, Kondo 1972, Maher et al.
1979 Sask, McLaughlin 1932.

HABITAT: Prairies et marécages calcaires.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta et en Saskatchewan. Me-
nacée d’extinction dans l’Indiana et l'Ohio.

Uvularia sessilifolia L.

Sources: DAO, MMMN, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: SMan-soNB, NE; DN-Louis-Flor-Me.

ManitoBa: Roseisle, Birch Valley et réserve forestière
de Sandilands.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU, Wilbur 1963.

HABITAT: Bois et bosquets luxuriants.

CONDITIONS: Menacée d'extinction dans le Dakota du
Sud et rare dans l'Oklahoma.

Vaccinium caespitosum Michx.

Sources: CAN, MMMN, WIN.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-sMan-NB, NE-Lab; Wisc,
Mich, NY-Nouvelle-Angleterre.

MANITOBA: Parc provincial du mont Duck, parc national
du mont Riding et lac Wallace.

Carte: Hultén 1968, Porsild 1966 Can.

HABITAT: Bois dégagés et clairiéres.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Nouvelle-Ecosse et menacée
d'extinction dans le Wisconsin.

Vahlodea atropurpurea = Deschampsia atropurpurea

Vernonia fasciculata Michx. var. corymbosa (Schwein.)

Schub.

Sources: CAN, DAO, WIN: Boivin 1967-79, Kershaw
1976, Love & Bernard 1959.

REPARTITION: seMan; Mont-Tex-lowa-Minn.

MANITOBA: Otterburne et Morris.

Carte: Jones 1972, Love & Bernard 1959 Man, Mc-
Gregor & Barkley 1977 cEU.

HABITAT: Prairies humides.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada.

Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.

Sources: DAO, WIN; Boivin 1967-79.

REPARTITION: SeMan-sOnt; DN-Okla-Louis-Géo-Ver.

MANITOBA: Arnaud et Green Ridge.

Carte: McGregor & Barkley 1977 cEU, Pennell 1935.

HABITAT: Berges herbeuses et fossés.

CONDITIONS: Rare au Canada. Extrêmement rare dans
l'ouest de l'Etat de New York.

Viola novae-angliae House

Sources: DAO; Kershaw 1976.

REPARTITION: seMan-NB; Minn-Mich, NY, Me.

MaNitToBa: Parc provincial de Whiteshell.

Carte: Russell 1965 EU.

HABITAT: Berges et prairies humides.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario. Probablement éliminée
dans le Wisconsin, menacée dans le Michigan et rare
dans l'Etat de New York.

Viola selkirkii Pursh

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-oMan-NB, NE-Lab; Wash,
Colo-NM, Minn-Penn-Me.

Manitosa: Le Pas et parc national du mont Riding.

Carte: Hultén 1968, 1971, Maher et al. 1979 Sask,
Russell 1956, 1965 eEU.

HABITAT: Bois humides.

ConpiTions: Rare en Alberta, en Saskatchewan, au Yu-
kon, au Colorado et au Connecticut.

Wolffia columbiana Karst.

Sources: DAO; Cody 1980.

REPARTITION: SMan, Ont-Qué; Oré, DN-Tex-Flor-Me.

ManiToBA: Parc national du mont Riding.

Carte: Daubs 1965, Dore 1957 Ont, Soper 1962 Ont.

HABITAT: Etangs des castors.

ConpiTtions: Rare dans le Maine et la Caroline du Nord.

Nota: A cause de sa petite taille, cette plante peut
souvent passer inaperçue.

Woodsia alpina (Bolton) S. F. Gray

Sources: DAO, MMMN, WIN; Cody & Lafontaine 1975,
Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976, Ritchie
1956b, 1956c.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, ocCB, Alta, Man-NB, NE, Lab;
Minn-Mich, NY-Me.

ManitoBa: Lac Tod, Norway House, lac Island et parc
provincial de Whiteshell (lac Hawk ouest).

Carte: Cody & Lafontaine 1975 Man, Hultén 1958,
1968, Meusel et al. 1965, Porsild 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Falaises calcaires ombragées.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Nouvelle-Ecosse, en Ontario et
dans la portion continentale des Territoires du
Nord-ouest. Menacée dans le Michigan, et rare
dans le Maine et le Vermont.

Woodsia glabella R. Br.

Sources: CAN, DAO, MMMN, WIN; Cody & Lafontaine
1975.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB-cMan-NB, NE-Lab; nMinn,
NY-Me.

ManitoBa: De la région de Flin Flon a Grand Rapids, lac
Sasaginnigak.

Carte: Cody & Lafontaine 1975 Man, Hultén 1964,
1968, Maher et al. 1979 Sask, Porsild 1964 Can.

HABITAT: Affleurements de calcaire.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Alberta, en Nouvelle-Ecosse, en
Ontario, en Saskatchewan, dans le Maine, le Minne-

sota, le New Hampshire, l'Etat de New York et le
Vermont.

41

Woodsia oregana D. C. Eat.

Sources: DAO; Cody & Lafontaine 1975.

REPARTITION: CB-oMan, Ont, Qué; Wash-Cal-Colo, DS,
Okla, lowa-Wisc, NY.

ManitoBa: Région de Flin Flon.

Carte: Cody & Lafontaine 1975 Man, Fernald 1925,
Maher et al. 1979 Sask, McGregor & Barkley 1977
GEU?

HABITAT: Crevasses arides des falaises schisteuses.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario et en Saskatchewan.
Menacée d'extinction dans le Wisconsin, et rare
dans l'Iowa, l'Etat de New York et l'Oklahoma.

Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eat.

Sources: DAO; Cody & Lafontaine 1975, Kershaw
1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976.

REPARTITION: Alas-Y, CB-soAlta, noSask, oMan, Ont,
Qué; Wash-Cal-NM-Neb, Minn, Ark, CN.

ManITOBA: Région de Flin Flon.

Carte: Cody & Lafontaine 1975 Man, Fernald 1925,
Hultén 1968, Maher et al. 1979 Sask.

CONDITIONS: Rare en Ontario, en Saskatchewan et au
Yukon. Menacée en Caroline du Nord, et rare dans
l'Arkansas, le Minnesota et le Tennessee.

Zostera marina L.

Sources: DAO, MMMN; Schofield 1959.

REPARTITION: Alas-TNO, CB, nMan-Lab; Wash-Cal, Me-
Géo.

ManIToBA: Rivière Seal et Churchill.

Carte: Hultén 1964, 1968, Meusel et al. 1965, Potter
1932.

HABITAT: Eaux côtières peu profondes.

ConpITIONS: Rare dans la portion continentale des Ter-
ritoires du Nord-ouest et la Géorgie.

42

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il

Annexe |
Espèces exclues

RAPPORTS NON CONFIRMES.

Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl. (Scoggan 1978-79)

Callitriche anceps Fern. (Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976)
Carex communis Bailey (Lôve & Bernard 1959, Scoggan 1978-79)
Carex conjuncta Boott (Lôve & Bernard 1959)

Carex cristatella Britt. (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79)

Carex membranacea Hook. (Scoggan 1978-79)

Carex misandra R. Br. (Boivin 1967-79, Scoggan 1978-79)

Carex muskingumensis Schwein. (Kershaw 1976, Scoggan 1957)
Crataegus punctata Jacq. (Scoggan 1957)

Danthonia intermedia Vasey (Looman 1969, Scoggan 1957, 1978-79)
Delphinium virescens Nutt. (Kershaw 1976, Scoggan 1957, 1978-79)
Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. (Kershaw & Morton 1976)

Draba cinerea Adams (Ritchie 1956a, Scoggan 1957)

Elymus interruptus Buckl. (Scoggan 1957)

Juncus canadensis J. Gay (Scoggan 1957)

Juncus effusus L. (Kershaw & Morton 1976)

Panicum oligosanthes Schultes (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79)
Paronychia depressa Nutt. (Kershaw 1976)

Potentilla furcata Pors. (Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976)
Potentilla saximontana Rydb. (Boivin 1967-79)

Puccinellia andersonii Swallen (Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976)
Puccinellia deschampsioides Sorens. (Kershaw & Morton 1976, Scoggan 1957, 1978-79)
Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. (Dugle 1969)

Scirpus torreyi Olney (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79)

. ESPECES INTRODUITES.

Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) Nels. & MacBr. (Kershaw & Morton 1976)
Chenopodium strictum Roth. var. glaucophyllum (Aellen) Wahl (Scoggan 1957)
Clematis ligustifolia Nutt. (Scoggan 1978-79)

Gnaphalium uliginosum L. (Scoggan 1957)

Hieracium albiflorum Hook. (Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976)

Lysichiton americanum Hult. & St. John (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79 était enregistree sous Symplocarpus foetidus
(L.) Nutt.)

Madia glomerata Hook. (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79)

Oenothera fruticosa L. var. linearis (Michx.) S. Wats. (Scoggan 1957)
Phlox pilosa L. (Scoggan 1957)

Physalis pruinosa auct. (Scoggan 1957)

Salvia reflexa Hornem. (Scoggan 1957)

Sorbus americanus Marsh. (Scoggan 1957)

Thellungiella salsuginea (Pall.) O.E. Schulz (Scoggan 1957)

49

3. ESPECES HYBRIDES.
Puccinellia Xphryganodes (Trin.) Scribn. & Merr. (Ritchie 1956a, Scoggan 1957)

4. ERREURS D'IDENTIFICATION.
Bidens comosa sensu Dugle (1969) probablement = B. tripartita L.
Carex argyrantha sensu Scoggan (1957, 1978-79) = C. argyrantha Tuckerm. var. aenea (Fern.) Boivin
Carex gravida sensu Lôve & Bernard (1959), Scoggan (1978-79) = C. alopecoidea Tuckerm.

Gentiana flavida sensu Scoggan (1957), Shay (1974) = G. andrewsii Griseb. f. albiflora Britt. et G. rubricaulis
Schwein.

Gerardia paupercula sensu Scoggan (1957) = Agalinis aspera (Dougl.) Britt. et A. tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf.
Hypericum canadense sensu Scoggan (1957) probablement = H. majus (Gray) Britt.

Opuntia polyacantha sensu Scoggan (1957), Shay (1974) = O. fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.

Poa glaucifolia sensu Scoggan (1957) = P. arida Vasey

Polygonum boreale sensu Scoggan (1957) = P. aviculare L.

Polygonum pensylvanicum sensu Lôve & Bernard (1959), Scoggan (1957) = P. lapathifolium L.
Rumex arcticus sensu Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976 = R. occidentalis Wats.

Sambucus canadensis sensu Scoggan (1957, 1978-79) = S. pubens Michx.

Stellaria alsine sensu Scoggan (1957) = S. calycantha (Ledeb.) Bong. et S. crassifolia Ehrh.

Symplocarpus foetidus sensu Scoggan (1957, 1978-79) = Lysichiton americanum Hult. & St. John qui est
introduite.

Thaspium barbinode sensu Scoggan (1957) = Zizea aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch

5. ERREURS DE LOCALISATION.
Claytonia bostockii Pors. (Scoggan 1957) - voir McNeill & Findlay 1971
Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. (Scoggan 1957) - voir Boivin 1967-79
Hydrophyllum virginianum L. (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79) - voir Boivin 1967-79
Lobelia siphilitica L. (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79) - voir Boivin 1967-79

6. ESPECES REPANDUES OU COMMUNES.
Anemone patens L. (IBP-CT 1974, Shay 1974)
Aquilegia brevistyla Hook. (Shay 1974)
Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes (Shay 1974)
Galium palustre L. (Kershaw & Morton 1976)

Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. (Boivin 1967-79)

7. ESPECES INCLUSES DANS LES ESPECES REPANDUES.
Agoseris agrestis Osterh. (Scoggan 1957) = A. glauca (Pursh) Raf.
Carex abdita Bickn. (Ritchie 1956b, 1956c) = C. umbellata Schkuhr
Carex adelostoma Krez. (Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976, Scoggan 1978-79) = C. buxbaumii Wahl.
Carex convoluta Mack. (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79) = C. rosea Schk.
Carex cumulata (Bailey) Mack. (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79) = C. brevior (Dew.) Mack.
Carex hallii Olney (Lôve & Bernard 1959, Scoggan 1957) = C. parryana Dew.
Carex molesta Mack. (Scoggan 1957) = C. brevior Dew.
Carex morriseyi Pors. (Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976, Scoggan 1957) = C. buxbaumii Wahl.
Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. (Scoggan 1957) = C. leptophyllum Nutt.

50

Chrysopsis hispida (Hook.) DC. (Scoggan 1957) = C. villosa (Pursh) Nutt.

Corispermum simplicissimum Lun. (Kershaw 1976, Kershaw & Morton 1976, Scoggan 1957) = C.
hyssopifolium L.

Cuscuta campestris Yunker (Scoggan 1957) = C. gronovii Willd.

Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm. (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79) = C. gronovii Willd.

Cuscuta coryli Engelm. (Lôve & Bernard 1959, Scoggan 1957, 1978-79) = C. gronovii Willd.
Cystopteris dickieana Sim. (Ritchie 1956a, 1956b, 1956c, Scoggan 1957) = C. fragilis (L.) Bernh.
Dracocephalum virginianum L. (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79) = D. formosius (Lun.) Rydb.

Galium brandegei Gray (Ritchie 1956a, Scoggan 1957) = G. trifidum L.

Luzula groenlandica Bocher (Scoggan 1957) = L. multiflora (Retz.) Lej.

Petalostemon occidentale (Gray) Fern. (Scoggan 1957) = P. candidum (Willd.) Michx.

Scirpus heterochaetus Chase (Kershaw 1976) = S. lacustris L.

Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledeb.) DC. s. str. (Scoggan 1957) = T. ceratophorum s. lat.

Taraxacum lapponicum Kihlm. (Scoggan 1957, 1978-79) = T. ceratophorum s. lat.

Annexe Il

Liste des plantes vasculaires rares du Manitoba dans l’ordre taxonomique

LYCOPODIACEAE

Lycopodium lucidulum
L. tristachyum

SELAGINELLACEAE
Selaginella selaginoides

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE

Botrychium matricariaefolium
POLYPODIACEAE

Dryopteris phegopteris

Pellaea glabella var. nana

P. glabella var. occidentalis

Phegopteris connectilis

P. polypodioides

Thelypteris phegopteris

Woodsia alpina

W. glabella

W. oregana

W. scopulina

PINACEAE

Pinus resinosa
P. strobus

ZOSTERACEAE

Potamogeton amplifolius

P. illinoensis

P. obtusifolius

P. pusillus var. tenuissimus

P. robbinsii

P. strictifolius

Ruppia maritima var. occidentalis
R. occidentalis

R. spiralis

Zostera marina

ALISMATACEAE

Alisma gramineum
Sagittaria rigida

GRAMINEAE

Agropyron latiglume

A. trachycaulum var. latiglume

A. violaceum ssp. violaceum

Alopecurus alpinus ssp. alpinus

Andropogon hallii

Arctagrostis latifolia

Aristida longiseta

Buchloe dactyloides

Calamagrostis deschampsioides

Deschampsia atropurpurea

Dichanthelium oligosanthes var.
wilcoxianum

Dupontia fisheri var. aristata

D. fisheri var. psilosantha

Elymus arenarius ssp. mollis

E. hystrix

E. mollis

Festuca obtusa

Glyceria canadensis

Hierochloa alpina

H. pauciflora

Hystrix patula
Muhlenbergia andina
Oryzopsis canadensis

O. hymenoides

O. micrantha

Panicum linearifolium

P. perlongum

P. wilcoxianum

Poa arctica

P. cusickii

P. fendleriana

Puccinellia lucida

P. vaginata
Schedonnardus paniculatus
Stipa richardsonii
Torreyochloa pallida var. fernaldii
Vahlodea atropurpurea

CYPERACEAE

Blysmus rufus

Carex amblyorhyncha
arcta

. arctata

. atrata

. atratiformis ssp. raymondil
. atrofusca

. bicolor

. bipartita

. blanda

. Capillaris var. williamsii
. castanea

. Crinita var. crinita

. dutillyi

. emoryi

. festivella

. glareosa var. amphigena
. glareosa ssp. glareosa
. heleonastes

. hookerana

. laxiflora var. blanda
livida

loliacea

mackenziei

. macloviana

. maritima

. microglochin

. microptera

. oligosperma

. oligosperma var. churchilliana
. paleacea

. pauciflora

. physocarpa

. raymondlii

rufina

rupestris

. Salina var. subspathacea
. Saxatilis Var. major

. Stricta var. elongata

. Subspathacea

C. tetanica var. woodii

G'AOISPIOIDISIOIO OINIDIDIOIDOIMDIDOISISIOOOIDIDSBSOIDISIO0INI®

ONE)

C. ursina

C. williamsii

C. woodii

Cyperus houghtonii

C. strigosus

Dulichium arundinaceum
Eleocharis engelmanni
E. obtusa

E. ovata

Eriophorum callitrix
Kobresia simpliciuscula
Rhynchospora capillacea
Scirpus nevadensis

S. rufus

ARACEAE
Arisaema triphyllum

LEMNACEAE
Wolffia columbiana

ERIOCAULACEAE
Eriocaulon septangulare

COMMELINACEAE
Tradescantia occidentalis

PONTEDERIACEAE
Heteranthera dubia

JUNCACEAE

Juncus biglumis
Luzula spicata

LILIACEAE

Allium tricoccum
Smilacina racemosa
Uvularia sessilifolia

ORCHIDACEAE

Arethusa bulbosa
Calopogon pulchellus
C. tuberosus
Cypripedium arietinum
C. candidum

Goodyera tesselata
Habenaria hookeri

H. lacera
Hammarbya paludosa
Listera auriculata
Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda
M. paludosa

M. unifolia

Platanthera hookeri

P. lacera

SALICACEAE

Populus grandidentata

Salix alaxensis

S. arbusculoides

S. arbutifolia

S. brachycarpa ssp. brachycarpa

51

52

S. calcicola

S. fuscescens

S. herbacea

S. lanata ssp. calcicola
S. reticulata

S. vestita

BETULACEAE
Ostrya virginiana
ULMACEAE
Celtis occidentalis
POLYGONACEAE
Koenigia islandica
CHENOPODIACEAE

Atriplex argentea
A. glabriuscula

Chenopodium leptophyllum var.

subglabrum
C. subglabrum
Cycloloma atriplicifolium
Eurotia lanata

AMARANTHACEAE

Acnida tamariscina
Amaranthus tuberculatus

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Arenaria humifusa

A. peploides

A. rubella

A. stricta var. uliginosa
A. uliginosa
Cerastium alpinum
Honckenya peploides
Lychnis affinis

L. apetala

L. gillettii

Melandrium affine

M. apetalum

M. furcatum

Minuartia rubella

M. stricta

Sagina caespitosa
Silene involucrata

S. menziesii

S. walbergella
Stellaria humifusa

CERATOPHYLLACEAE
Ceratophyllum echinatum

NYMPHAEACEAE

Brasenia schreberi
Nymphaea odorata

RANUNCULACEAE

Anemone richardsonii
Clematis virginiana
Hepatica americana
Myosurus minimus
Ranunculus fascicularis
R. pallasii

R. pedatifidus ssp. affinis
R. septentrionalis

BERBERIDACEAE
Caulophyllum thalictroides

PAPAVERACEAE

Adlumia fungosa
Dicentra cucullaria
Sanguinaria canadensis

CAPPARIDACEAE

Polanisia dodecandra
P. graveolens

CRUCIFERAE

Arabis alpina

A. lyrata

Braya humilis

Cardamine bulbosa

Cochlearia officinalis

Descurainia sophioides

Draba alpina

. aurea

. cana

. fladnizensis var. heterotricha
. glabella

. hirta

. incana

. lactea

. lanceolata

. nivalis

Lesquerella arctica

Subularia aquatica ssp. americana

DROSERACEAE
Drosera linearis

CRASSULACEAE
Penthorum sedoides

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Parnassia parviflora
Saxifraga aizoides

. caespitosa

. cernua

. hirculus

. oppositifolia

. pensylvanica

. rivularis

OO

oe woes

NNNNNW

ROSACEAE

Dryas integrifolia
Potentilla egedii var. groenlandica

P. finitima

P. flabelliformis

P. gracilis var. flabelliformis

P. nivea

P. pensylvanica var. litoralis

P. pensylvanica var. pectinata
P. plattensis

P. pulchella

P. rubricaulis

LEGUMINOSAE

Amorpha fruticosa var. angustifolia
Astragalus aboriginum

A. bodinii

A. gilviflorus

A. lotiflorus
A. neglectus
A. triphyllus
A. yukonis
Oxytropis belli
O. campestris var. johannensis
O. johannensis
O. sericea
O. spicata
Thermopsis rhombifolia
LINACEAE
Linum lepagei
L. lewisii ssp. lepagei
POLY GALACEAE
Polygala verticillata

EUPHORBIACEAE
Euphorbia geyeri |
BALSAMINIACEAE |

Impatiens noli-tangere

RHAMNACEAE

Ceanothus herbaceus
C. ovatus

ELATINACEAE

Elatine americana
E. triandra var. americana

CISTACEAE
Hudsonia tomentosa

VIOLACEAE
Viola novae-angliae
V. selkirki

LOASACEAE

Mentzelia decapetala

CACTACEAE

Coryphantha vivipara
Mamillaria vivipara

ONAGRACEAE

Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis
C. quadrisulcata var. canadensis
Epilobium ciliatum ssp. glandulosum
E. davuricum

E. paniculatum

Oenothera perennis

HALORAGACEAE
Myriophyllum alterniflorum
HIPPURIDACEAE
Hippuris tetraphylla
ARALIACEAE
Aralia racemosa
UMBELLIFERAE

Cryptotaenia canadensis
Lomatium orientale
Musineon divaricatum
Osmorhiza claytoni

CORNACEAE
Cornus rugosa

PYROLACEAE

Hypopitys monotropa
Monotropa hypopitys
Pyrola rotundifolia var. americana

ERICACEAE

Kalmia microphylla

K. polifolia ssp. microphylla
Phyllodoce caerulea
Rhododendron lapponicum
Vaccinium caespitosum

DIAPENSIACEAE
Diapensia lapponica

PRIMULACEAE

Lysimachia quadriflora
Primula stricta
Steironema quadriflorum

PLUMBAGINACEAE
Armeria maritima ssp. labradorica

GENTIANACEAE

Gentiana linearis var. latifolia
G. propinqua

G. rubricaulis

Gentianella propinqua
Lomatogonium rotatum

ASCLEPIADACEAE
Asclepias lanuginosa

BORAGINACEAE

Allocarya californica
Heliotropium curassavicum
Mertensia lanceolata

M. maritima

Plagiobothrys scouleri

P. cognatus

LABIATAE

Hedeoma hispida
Scutellaria parvula var. leonardii

SCROPHULARIACEAE
Agalinis aspera
A. tenuifolia
Bartsia alpina
Collinsia parviflora
Euphrasia vinacea
Gerardia aspera
G. tenuifolia
Mimulus glabratus var. fremontii
Pedicularis flammea
P. lapponica
P. macrodonta
P. parviflora
Penstemon nitidus
P. procerus
Veronicastrum virginicum

OROBANCHACEAE

Conopholis americana
Orobanche ludoviciana

LENTIBULARIACEAE
Utricularia cornuta

PLANTAGINACEAE

Plantago elongata ssp. elongata
P. juncoides

P. maritima

P. patagonica

P. purshii

53

RUBIACEAE
Galium aparine

CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Lonicera hirsuta var. schindleri

ADOXACEAE
Adoxa moschatellina

CAMPANULACEAE
Campanula uniflora

LOBELIACEAE
Lobelia dortmanna

COMPOSITAE

Agoseris cuspidata

Ambrosia acanthicarpa
Antennaria denikeana

A. isolepis

A. munda

A. parlinit var. parlinii

A. plantaginifolia

Arnica cordifolia

A. fulgens

Artemisia tilesii ssp. elatior

Aster macrophyllus

A. modestus

A. sericeus

Boltonia asteroides var. recognita
B. asteroides var. occidentalis
Chrysanthemum arcticum ssp. polare
C. bipinnatum ssp. huronense
Cirsium discolor

C. undulatum

Coreopsis tinctoria

Erigeron caespitosus

E. humilis

E. uniflorus var. unalaschkensis
Franseria acanthicarpa

Krigia biflora

Lactuca floridana

Matricaria ambigua

M. maritima var. nana
Microseris cuspidata

Solidago purshii

S. riddellii

S. uliginosa

Tanacetum huronense
Townsendia exscapa
Tripleurospermum phaeocephalum
Vernonia fasciculata var. corymbosa

IRES
LES PLANTES VASCULA
RARES DU MANITOBA

David J. White et Karen L. Johnson

SYLLOGEUS

842S 28000 £sel

LAT

Auvusit S39N319$ 10 avov 411v9 |

S SCIENCES NATUR
| MUSEE NATIONAL DE
‘ANADA OTTAWA