National Museums Musées nationaux of Canada du Canada National Museum Musée national of Natural Sciences des sciences naturelles SYLLOGEUS is a publication of the National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada, designed to permit the rapid dissemination of information pertaining to those scientific disciplines and educational functions for which the National Museum of Natural Sciences is responsible. In the interests of making information available quickly, normal publishing procedures have been abbreviated. Articles are published in English, in French, or in both languages, and the issues appear at irregular intervals. A complete list of the titles issued since the beginning of the series (1972) and individual copies of this number are available by mail from the National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa, Canada. K1A OM8 La collection SYLLOGEUS, publiée par le Musée national des sciences naturelles, Musées nationaux du Canada, a pour but de diffuser rapidement le résultat des travaux dans les domaines scientifique et @ducatif qui sont sous la direction du Musée national des sciences naturelles. Pour assurer la prompte distribution de cette publication, on a abregé les étapes de la rédaction. Les articles sont publiés en français, en anglais ou dans les deux langues, et ils paraissent irréguliérement. On peut obtenir par commande postale la liste des titres de tous les articles publiés depuis le début de la collection (1972) et des copies individuelles de ce numéro, au Musée national des sciences naturelles, Ottawa, Canada. K1A OM8 Syllogeus Series No. 52 Serie Syllogeus No. 52 (c) National Museums of Canada 1984 (c) Musées nationaux du Canada 1984 Printed in Canada Imprimé au Canada ISSN 0704-576X A distributional atlas of records of the marine fishes of Arctic Canada in the National Museums of Canada and Arctic Biological Station by J. G. Hunter and Shirley T. Leach Arctic Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 555 boul. Saint-Pierre, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3R4 Don E. McAllister and Michéle Bélanger Steigerwald Ichthyology Section National Museum of Natural Sciences Ottawa, Ontario K1A OM8 Syllogeus No. 52 National Museum of Natural Sciences Musée national des sciences naturelles National Museums of Canada Les Musées nationaux du Canada Ottawa, 1984 ABSTRACT Spot distribution maps are provided for species of fishes in the marine waters of Arctic Canada between Alaska and Labrador, James Bay and the North geographic pole, as well as freshwater records from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Only records from the Arctic Biological Station (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), and the National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada are included; literature records are excluded. A number of range extensions are mapped. Only 85 of the 137 species known from Arctic Canada are represented in our records/collections and are mapped. Gaps in our knowledge of distribution of our Arctic fish resources are pointed out. Recommendations are made for further exploration so that these resources may be better appreciated, developed and protected. At present we must rely on sparse Russian, American and Danish investigations for our knowledge of deepwater and offshore fishes in the Canadian Sector of the Arctic. Key words: Arctic Canada, marine fishes, freshwater fishes, distribution, maps, Arctic Archipelago, Arctic Ocean, Hudson Bay, Beaufort Sea. L'aire de répartition des poissons des eaux marines de l'Arctique canadien entre l'Alaska et le Labrador, la baie James et le Pôle Nord géographique, a été cartographiée dans cet ouvrage à l'aide de points de référence. Apparaissent aussi des renseignements provenant des eaux douces de l'Archipel arctique canadien. Seules les données détenues par la station biologique arctique, Pêcheries et Océans Canada, et par le Musée national des sciences naturelles, Musées nationaux du Canada, sont fournies. Les stations provenant de la littérature sont excluses. On a cartographié quelques extensions d'aire. Des 137 espèces rapportées dans l'Artique canadien, seulement 85 sont représentées dans nos collections et ces 85 espèces sont cartographiées. On dénote des lacunes dans la distribution des poissons arctiques et on recommande une exploration plus poussée afin que ces animaux soient mieux appréciés, aménagés et protégés. Nos connaissances actuelles des poissons des eaux profondes et pélagiques de l'Arctique canadien se limitent à quelques relevés russes, américains et danois. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Among numerous Arctic Biological Station employees who collected valuable specimens and data in the field, often under difficult weather and insect conditions, we venture to single out: Ingram G. Gidney, Joseph Bray, Jean Boulva, Margaret Breton Jones, Gus Bruinsma, and Alphonse Voudrach. At the National Museum of Natural Sciences the late Stanley W. Gorhan, Thomas A. Willock, Jennifer A. Lewis, and Jadwiga A. Frank catalogued fishes by hand or computer, often when the air in the Beamish warehouse was green with formalin fumes, enabling retrieval of Arctic data for this paper, and S.D. MacDonald collected valuable specimens from unexplored regions. Mary Hunter typed the pentultimate draft of the manuscript. Judy L. Camus proofread the text. To these persons and to those who are unnamed here but recorded in our permanent field and laboratory records, we express our deepest thanks. INUKTITUT ABSTRACT pat dS asa ASCDPLDC wah AbSbDS cf baCP< DPDSCS Do, denbTE ELDAI, SAM oPbod TS, L'an oabNATPC Not SUP GDLS SCC GP Dot , et bFDots CAo PPot > DR of 0€ baCD< DPDSCS Ddœ ALSFDCo? . CONTENTS ABSTRACT, 2 RÉSUMÉ, 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, 4 INUKTITUT ABSTRACT, 5 INTRODUCTION, 7 Area Covered, 7 Basis of Records, 7 Methods, 8 Classification, 8 Sampling, 9 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESOURCE EXPLORATION, 9 MAPS, 11 LITERATURE CITED, 35 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this atlas is to make available distribution records of marine fishes in Arctic Canada. The atlas summarizes collection records from field work carried out since 1947 by members of the Arctic Biological Station and the National Museums of Canada, as well as prior collections in the Museum back to 1875. Together these represent some 3000 records and 85 species. Our resources do not permit us to map records from the Arctic literature in our bibliography of some 990 references (Robinson, McAllister and Steigerwald MS). Frequent requests for our data lead us to publish these maps in advance of publication of planned detailed systematic and life history studies. The maps also make available a number of range extensions. We hope these maps will be useful to the Inuit and Dene peoples, resource developers, scientists, anglers, and naturalists. Area Covered The geographic area covered is shown in Fig. 1. This includes the Canadian sector of the Arctic from the Alaska-Yukon boundary north to the North geographic pole, south along 60 degrees west longitude to opposite Cape Union, Ellesmere Island, then along the mid-point between Canada's eastern Arctic and Greenland to 60 degrees north latitude, west to the northern tip of Labrador and along the coasts of Ungava Bay, Hudson Strait and Bay and the mainland Arctic coast to the Alaskan border. Collections of fishes occurring in the marine and brackish waters above about 10 to 13 parts per thousand salinity are included. In addition we include those records of fishes in the freshwaters of the Arctic Archipelago as most are tolerant of brackish if not salt water and the maps of freshwater fish distribution in Lee et al. (1980) omitted the northernmost Arctic Archipelago. Basis of Records Two types of records are included. Firstly, field records of the Arctic Biological Station are shown on the species maps (Pl. 1 to 21) by solid triangles. The distribution of Arctic Biological Station records for all species is shown on Fig. 2. Many of these fishes were sampled primarily for life history data. Not all personnel were expert in fish identification and records involving taxonomically difficult groups should be regarded as tentative until verified. The second type of record is based on specimens deposited in the National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa (Fig. 3). These consist of specimens collected by the Arctic Biological Station, the National Museum of Natural Sciences, and other individuals and agencies. Museum records are shown on the species maps by solid circles. Taxonomic revisions of a number of Arctic families and genera are still wanting or under way, so some museum identifications cannot be taken as certain. Questionable identifications based on young specimens and poorly preserved material have been shown to genus only or omitted. Methods Records, stored on disks in the IKTHOS mini-computer system (McAllister, Murphy, and Morrison, 1978), were plotted on base maps using the computer's plotter. Lettraset symbols were then placed over those plotted by the computer to increase legibility. The symbols may in some cases represent several samples taken at a single locality or within a few kilometres of one another. Note that the diameter of the circle (used for Museum records) and the side of the triangle (Arctic Biological Station records) is about 80 kilometres. Plates 1 to 21 show the distribution of species from the Station and Museum records. Collections catalogued since 1979 were not yet computerized when our plates were prepared. Enquiries for documentation of any museum record should be directed to the third author at the National Museum of Natural Sciences. Data will be retrieved by computer free of charge for small requests, but a charge may be levied for time consuming requests. Stations made and hydrographic data collected during fisheries investigations by the Arctic Biological Station from 1947 to 1979 inclusive may be consulted in J.G. Hunter and S.T. Leach (1983a,b). The number of Canadian marine fish collections and specimens for each species deposited in the National Museum of Natural Sciences are listed in Steigerwald and McAllister (1982). Classification Classification of fishes, Inuktitut names, French and English vernacular names, and scientific names, may be found in McAllister, Hunter and Legendre (MS) and McAllister (MS). Literature on marine fishes of Arctic Canada is summarized in Robinson, McAllister and Bélanger Steigerwald (MS). Sampling Our two deepest collections were taken at 570 and 340 m, but most were shallower than 50 m. The majority of littoral and sublittoral collections were taken by seine and gill net, those in deeper water principally by otter trawls. Specimens were also occasionally collected by midwater trawling, jigging, angling, long lining, scuba diving, dipnetting, by hand, and other techniques. The majority of collections were made in July and August, during the summer open water period. Very few collections were made during winter months, and only a few in spring and fall. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESOURCE EXPLORATION Figures 2 and 3 show that sampling in the Arctic waters, with the exception of a few specific shallow inshore regions, has been light, although the large spots and scale of the map exaggerate the apparent extent of sampling. A number of important geographic, bathymetric and ecological zones have either been poorly sampled or not at all. The offshore fishes of the Canadian Basin of the Arctic Ocean are better explored by the Russians and Americans, and Baffin Bay and Davis Strait by the Danes, than by Canadians. However, a few benthic collections have been made by the Biological Station in Newfoundland and recently surface collections of small and larval fishes have been made by contract employees of oil companies interested in offshore oil drilling in Davis Strait. The fauna of the offshore waters of Canada's inland sea, Hudson Bay, is almost entirely unrepresented in Canada's museums and only one or two brief reports in the 1930s deals with offshore fishes in the middle of the bay. South of Barrow Strait the fauna of the waters of the central Arctic Archipelago is little explored. A few collections from shallow areas are the only representation of the entire fauna of these unexplored regions. The fishes of our northernmost islands, the Queen Elizabeth Islands, are less well known than those of McMurdo Sound in Antarctica. The North Canadian Basin lies in the Canadian sector of the Arctic between the North Pole and Lomonosov Ridge, the Yukon Territory and the Arctic Archipelago. This includes depths of over 4 kilometres, and seamonts rising over 1.5 kilometres from the abyssal plain. The fauna of this region is virtually unknown from Canadian studies but has been touched upon by Russian and American investigators working from drifting ice islands. Most of our knowledge of Arctic fishes is drawn from studies in June, July and August. Thus important segments of life cycles are unknown. The establishment of a permanent Arctic marine biological station in the High Arctic might provide many valuable returns. An adequate baseline Arctic marine exploration program with modern equipment for deep and midwater sampling would enormously enhance our knowledge of the under-ice world. At the same time it would offer the opportunity for the participation and training of Inuit students. The increased knowledge from undersea exploration of our little-known sovereign Arctic regions would enable us to develop, protect and appreciate our unknown Arctic marine resources. 10 ‘penojd osje ase obejadiyouy 9121 UeIPEULO eu] JO S19}EMUSE1} 94} LOI} SP10981 Jeu} jdeoxe pepnjoul 21e Ldd £L-OL UEU} aUI[ES 810 S19}EM WO1} SP10981 AJUO ‘18P10Q UEXSE|Y OU} 0} EPeUeD JO JSEO9 puR|UIeEW 91}91Y eu} Buoje pue Jopesqe JO di} UI8UJIOU 8} 0} JSAM Ua} ‘epn}l}e] YOU saesBap 09 0} unos papue]xe epeue{ pue pue|usel5 Usamjeq 18p10q ay} Buo/e pue 0} 8pn}IBuo] sem saeiBap 09 Huoje 8104 ay} W01 YJNOS pue 19p10q UOYNA -BYSE|\ AU} O} YINOS 8104 UHON 94} O1] :S18p10q Hulmo}|O} au} Aq pajiwijap si see eu} Aq p218109 UoiBei eu ‘L 614 LIVY1S 3H NT ——= SUD 00e ox — S251} Ne 008 cs INMOI - T6 INOILIAV VOVNV)D DI194Y 11 ‘SI8JEM URIPPURD OI} UI ‘aNA9||9G-9P-BuU-9}S ‘UOIJEJS [29!1H0/O1g 91}91Y BY} JO Sp10981 10} Says Buljdwwes jeo1BojoAyyyo! Jo uoneo0o7 ‘z “B14 SNOILOITIOO 8 H41 Ve 1172 ‘6L6L IHUN dn Siejem URIPeUeD Ody UI ‘EMEJO ‘EPEUEI JO swNasny; IBUOIJEN ‘SSOU819S |BINJEN JO WNESNW IBUOIJEN AU} JO SP10981 104 Sais Bu11981109 jeOIBOJOAY YO! Jo uore907 ‘€ “B14 13 L 2}eId INDI41IVd NG ONIYVH ONIYYSH JId1IVd 2V1 30 O9S19 09S19 3Xv1 3N0ILIUV 310UdWV1 A3HdWNVT1 21194V 3SN3NI d3 31Vv4 31VXS ANYOHL 14 € 9}eld VITANIGHVYS SNNOD3FHO09 3113NI0NVS 02S19 L BK —- , YIHISL 3N093409 7 Ss Ai 7 ats a Y HSI43LIHM GvOUS 1 \ 3N093409 aNvy9 INDILIYY 02S19 HST43L1HM 3Xv1 09S19 31194v 15 € 2}eId 1av1n01 UUVHI 3x7] #311VA3HI 318H0 YUVHI J1198V HSNOAWWYN SNNITIAIVS SA w ANIVINOA 30 318W0 YYVHI XOOUA INDILNVILY NOWNYS NOW1VS JILNVILV ÿ 9}eld SITVNILNOF SNNITIAIVS | À AS 17 CAPELIN SMELT POND CAPELAN us (=) a ui = w a ox = < — a ui a us HYPOMESUS OLIDUS LONGNOSE SUCKER MEUNIER ROUGE RAINBOW SMELT ÉPERLAN ARC-EN-CIEL OSMERUS MORDAX Plate 5 NORTHERN SAILLAMP GLACIER LANTERNFISH LANTERNE GLACIAIRE LAMPE-VOILIÈRE DU NORD a = S = Ô — uy Y = dy Q Ô 9 S S = BENTHOSEMA GLACIALE \ (ras TOOTHED COD POLAR COD SAIDA BARBU SAIDA IMBERBE ARCTOGADUS GLACIALIS 19 Plate 6 LZ e}eld VNHHON SNaVvo a | \ rs BIGEYE UNERNAK UNERNAK À GRANDS YEUX LOTA LOTA LE = œ w > ) w o us n =. rm = = < = Mw w < = THREESPINE STICKLEBACK EPINOCHE A TROIS EPINES KELP SNAILFISH LIMACE DES LAMINAIRES GASTEROSTEUS ACULEATUS « (eas LIPARIS TUNICATUS Plate 19 CANADIAN PLAICE NINESPINE STICKLEBACK ÉPINOCHE À NEUF ÉPINES PLIE CANADIENNE Q O A | SS [ou n en Q 9 D D [®) — © © a Qa <= LONGHEAD DAB FLOUNDER BERING LIMANDE CARLINE PLIE DE BERING HIPPOGLOSSOIDES ROBUSTUS 33 Plate 20 ANVIN30u9 na NV1374 1N8171VH GNVIN3349 3SS11 311d Y3JONNO14 HLOOWS 311013 1314 UAIONN0O 7141 AUUVIS AN0ILIUV 3171d UAIONNO 14 JI1194V Le 9}2]d 34 LITERATURE CITED Hunter, J.G. and S.T. Leach. 1983a. Station lists of fisheries investigations carried out by the Arctic Biological Station during the years 1947 to 1979. Canadian Data Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (413):1-220. and 1983b. Hydrographic data collected during fisheries activities of the Arctic Biological Station, 1960 to 1979. Canadian Data Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (414):1-87. Lee, D.S., C.R. Gilbert, C.H. Hocutt, R.E. Jenkins, D.E. McAllister, and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh. 854 pp. McAllister, D.E. MS. A list of the fishes of Canada. 400 pp. McAllister, D.E., J.G. Hunter, and V. Legendre. MS. List of Inuktitut (Eskimo), French, English and scientific names of marine fishes of Arctic Canada. / Liste des noms inuktituts (esquimaux), français, anglais et scientifiques des poissons marins du Canada arctique. 106 pp. ; R. Murphy, and J. Morrison. 1978. The compleat minicomputer cataloguing and research system. Curator 21(1):63-91. Robinson, K.E., D.E. McAllister and M. Bélanger Steigerwald. MS. Bibliography of the marine fishes of Arctic Canada. 90 pp. Steigerwald, Michéle Bélanger and D.E. McAllister. 1982. List of the Canadian marine fish species in the National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada. / Liste des espéces de poissons marins du Canada au Musée national des Sciences naturelles, Musées nationaux du Canada. Syllogeus (41):1-30. 35 RECENT SYLLOGEUS TITLES / TITRES RÉCENTS DANS LA COLLECTION SYLLOGEUS No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 Russell, D.A. and G. Rice (ed.) (1982) K-TEC II: CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY EXTINCTIONS AND POSSIBLE TERRESTRIAL AND EXTRA- TERRESTRIAL CAUSES. 151 p. Fournier, Judith A. and Colin D. Levings (1982) POLYCHAETES RECORDED NEAR TWO PULP MILLS ON THE NORTH COAST OF BRITISH COLUMBIA: A PRELIMINARY TAXONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL ACCOUNT. 91 p. Bélanger-Steigerwald, Michèle and/et Don E. McAllister (1982) LIST OF THE CANADIAN MARINE FISH SPECIES IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCES, NATIONAL MUSEUMS OF CANADA / LISTE DES ESPECES DE POISSONS MARINS DU CANADA AU MUSEE NATIONAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES, MUSEES NATIONAUX DU CANADA. 30 P- Shih, Chang-tai, and/et Diana R. Laubitz (1983) SURVEY OF INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGISTS IN CANADA - 1982 / REPERTOIRE DES ZOOLOGISTES DES INVERTEBRES AU CANADA - 1982. 93 p. Ouellet, Henri et Michel Gosselin (1983) LES NOMS FRANÇAIS DES OISEAUX D'AMERIQUE DU NORD. 36 p. Faber, Daniel J., editor (1983) PROCEEDINGS OF 1981 WORKSHOP ON CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF NATURAL HISTORY COLLECTIONS. 196 p. Lanteigne, J. and D.E. McAllister (1983) THE PYGMY SMELT, OSMERUS SPECTRUM COPE, 1870, A FORGOTTEN SIBLING SPECIES OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN FISH. 32 p. Frank, Peter G. (1983) A CHECKLIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE SIPUNCULA FROM CANADIAN AND ADJACENT WATERS. 47 p. Ireland, Robert R. and Linda M. Ley (in press) TYPE SPECIMENS OF BRYOPHYTES IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCES, NATIONAL MUSEUMS OF CANADA. Bouchard, André, Denis Barabé, Madeleine Dumais, et/and Stuart Hay (1983) LES PLANTES VASCULAIRES RARES DU QUEBEC. / THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF QUEBEC. 13 iD) pre Harington, C.R., editor (1983) CLIMATIC CHANGE IN CANADA 3. 343 p. Hinds, Harold R. (1983) THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF NEW BRUNSWICK. / LES PLANTES VASCULAIRES RARE DU NOUVEAU- BRUNSWICK. 38, 41 p.° Harington, C.R., editor (in press) CLIMATIC CHANGE IN CANADA 4. OF SCIENCES LIBRARY UN 3 1853 00040