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SYNOPSIS FILICUM;

OR,

A SYNOPSIS OF ALL KNOWN FERNS,

SYNOPSIS FILICUM;

OR,

A SYNOPSIS OF ALL KNOWN FERNS,

INCLUDING THE

OSMUNDACE^;, SCHIZ^ACE^E, MARATTIACE^E, AND
OPHIOGLOSSACE^E

(CHIEFLY DERIVED FROM THE KEW HERBARIUM).

ACCOMPANIED BY FIGURES

REPRESENTING THE ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS OF EACH GENUS. 0

4 » • •*, ' ^ c t *

BY THE LATH " <u '**= •

SIR WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.H.,

D.C.L., F.R.S., A.S., AND L.S.,
DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL GARDENS OF KEW,

AND

JOHN GILBERT BAKER, F.L.S.,

ASSISTANT CURATOR OF THE KEW HERBARIUM.

LONDON:
ROBERT HARDWICKE, 192, PICCADILLY.

1868.

WTMAN AND SONS,

ORIENTAL, CLASSICAL, AND GENERAL PRINTERS,
GREAT QUEEN STREET, LONDON, W.C.

EDITOR'S PREFACE.

WHILST the sheet which terminates at page 48 was passing through the
press, Sir W. Hooker's long career of botanical authorship was somewhat
unexpectedly terminated by his death. This is not the place to enlarge
upon the services which in many different ways hje ^(^ade.rejd.to bota*ai£|il
science, or to do more than allude to the regret wjhich will t)e felt by riiahy
who had waited for this long-planned work, thajb ^e jwa^act s^argcjoto,
complete it. I need only say that having been honoured by Dr. Hooker
with the request that I should carry it out, and having been entrusted by
him with the manuscript notes prepared by his father, and the copy of the
" Species Filicum " annotated in contemplation of this work, and having
had full access to the specimens from which the descriptions in the
" Species Filicum " were made, I have done my best to carry out this
" Synopsis " to a conclusion in strict accordance with the original plan.

The principal collection which we have received at Kew since the original
preface was written is a beautiful series of the ferns of New Granada,
gathered by MM. Lindig and Triana, for which we have to thank the
authorities of the Paris Museum. This contained a considerable number
of new species, which were described by Professor Mettenins, whose loss
in the prime of life we have also had to deplore since the work was
commenced. For other novelties we have also to thank Lady Barkly,
Dr. Thwaites, and Mrs. Lyell. Partly in consequence of these additions,
we have been obliged to extend the work to ten parts instead of nine,
as was planned originally. The total number of species admitted and
described is 2,235.

A paper by myself, containing a summary of the leading features of
fern -geography, based upon this work, will appear in the part for 1868
(vol. xxvi. part i.) of the " Transactions of the Linnean Society."

J. G. BAKEE.

KEW, February, 1868.

684200

PREFACE.

THE Author, having recently completed his " Species Filicum," * now
offers to the public a " Synopsis of all known Ferns," vHrxft'oohfems, be&cte
brief diagnoses of the species described more in detail in that wcrl^ together
with their geographical distribution as far as yet aseertairied/such^ddkidlis
and corrections as have come to his knowledge, together with an account
of the Sub-Orders OSMUNDACE^E, SCHIZ^ACE^E, MAKATTIACE^E, and OPHIO
GLOSSACE^E. He does not, however, propose to include the Lycopodiacece,
Salviniacece, Marsileacece, Isoetacece, and Equisetacece, which differ much
from these, and it may be said from -each other, and which have of late
engaged the study of several able monographers. He further intends to
depart from the scope of the " Species Filicum " in another point, which
requires a few words of explanation.

In the Introduction to the " Species Filicum," the Author stated that he
had included in that work a considerable number of imperfectly described
species, of which he had seen neither specimens nor figures, solely because
they had been proposed by authors of reputation. These he now thinks
it desirable to omit. No doubt many are described under different names ;
of others there is no prospect of anything further being known j and of
all the characters are so vague, or imperfect, or prolix, that it is impossible
to define them by brief diagnostic characters, such as alone are suited to
the pages of a Synopsis.

After upwards of half a century, more or less continuously passed in the
study of Ferns in the richest Herbarium of that Order in the world (his
own), and latterly with the aid of the finest in cultivation (that of the
Royal Gardens of Kew);t and after the devotion of fully half that number

* In 5 vols. 8vo, with 300 plates representing upwards of 500 speciea.

t The formation of this fine collection is mainly due to the exertions and ability of
Mr. John Smith, who for forty-three years held an important position among the officers
of the Royal Gardens. His knowledge of Ferns, and his writings upon them, justly
entitle him to rank among the most distinguished Pteridologists of the present day.

4 PREFACE.

of years to the preparation and publication of the " Species Filicum " and
other works on the same subject, the Author feels satisfied that these
doubtful and imperfectly described species form the greatest obstacle to
any satisfactory advance in descriptive Pteridology.* He in ay, indeed, point
with satisfaction to the fact, that before he undertook his work their
number was many times greater than that still cumbering the volumes. But
there is little satisfaction in the reflection that for the identification of a
great majority the Author is indebted more to some happy accident, to the
possession of copious and varying suites of specimens, or to circumstances
tfoaiiacted with fcfiti {ri$tory or locality of the species, than to their published
descriptions^ or tov scientific evidence.

: ; 'sjljdt^ hav^bftetaliWt fruitful sources of these " bad species" : — the first,
the idea that geographical limits must limit the dispersion of species ; the
second, that any single characteristic, however minute, if only either con-
stant or prevalent in a given area, is of specific value. Such arbitrary
conclusions have led to the well-known Osmunda regalis receiving different
names in many different countries, and to the forms of our Aspidium
(Polystichum} aculeatum having even more names in our own country, and
still others in exotic regions. The errors arising from the first are corrected
as rapidly as botanical and geographical discoveries advance together ; but
it is not so with those due to the second source, for the difficulty of limiting
these variable species is so great, that it often becomes impossible to frame
such diagnoses as shall include all the varieties of one species, and exclude
the varieties of another closely allied species. In all these cases we must
trust to time and experience to test our conclusions ; and such difficulties
should teach us to look with indulgence on the views of those who differ in
opinion from ourselves.

The same remarks apply to the genera as to the species of Ferns ; the
former having been, in the Author's opinion, unnecessarily multiplied. It

* In connection with Fern history, Mr. Thomas Moore undertook the publication of
an extremely useful work under the title of " Index Filicum," to consist of a Synopsis,
with characters of the genera, and an enumeration of the species of Ferns, with
synonyms, references, &c. &c., accompanied by excellent outline figures of the genera.
It is compiled with great industry and ability, and enumerates in an alphabetical
arrangement of the genera, from A crophorus to Goniopldebium inclusive, 1,730 species of
true Ferns. The list of synonyms, both of genera and species, shows at a glance how
much Pteridologists have been at variance on these points. The species enumerated
in our "Species Filicum" amount to 2,401 ; according to Mr. Moore, the number of
known Ferns would be 2,782.

PREFACE. 5

is the case here as with other scientific systems : those are the best cha-
racters which lead to a knowledge of the object sought for in the nearest
and clearest way, keeping in view also as much as possible its natural
affinities. The difficulties certainly are greater in the cryptogams than
among the flowering plants, because their characters are fewer, and the
forms of their organs more variable as regards size and shape.

In regard to the genera, the publisher has judiciously desired that nine
plates should be devoted to their illustration. They are all drawn from
nature by the talented Mr. Fitch, F.L.S., and on the same plan as the
plates of Ferns in Hooker and Arnott's late editions of the " British
Flora."

References are given to the volumes and pages of the " Species Filicum "
for fuller characters of the genera and species, as well as for figures, more
precise localities, and more copious observations ; and it is hoped that
the present volume will form a useful vade-mecum for the travelling
botanist and the cultivator of Ferns, and for ready consultation in the
Herbarium.

The Author cannot close these introductory remarks without expressing
his acknowledgments to numerous friends and correspondents for their
valuable communications of specimens (often accompanied by notes) from
various parts of the world. Many of these are recorded under their habitats
(or localities) in his former work ; and a repetition of them would be out of
place in this. But space must still be found for the names of those persons
to whom we are indebted for the discovery of any new species, or any new
or interesting locality in connection with the geographical distribution of
plants.

The commencement of the Author's formation of a Fern-Herbarium
dates as far back as 1811, with the correspondence of the illustrious Swartz,
only four years after the publication of his invaluable " Synopsis Filicum ; "
a model for future works of the kind. It is, however, from comparatively
new and distant regions, which have been within the last half century so
extensively explored by our men of science, that the most important collec-
tions have been derived, and to these botanists and travellers he is anxious
thus to express his obligations : —

From the East Indies, including the Malay Peninsula and Islands : —
From Wallich, Buchanan, Hamilton, Hooker fil. and Thomson, Gideon
Thomson, Beddome, Lady Dalhousie, Anderson, Falconer, Jamieson, Edge-
worth, Sir Frederick Adam Jacquemout, Blume, Miquel, De Vriese,
Teijsmann, Sir William Norris, Thomas Lobb, Cuming, Wallace, Low,

6 PREFACE.

Hindes, Barber, Parish, Teschemacher, Motley, Millett, Wight, Stocks,
Heifer, Mclvor.

Ceylon .-—General and Mrs. Walker, Gardner, Thwaites, Emerson.

Pacific Islands : — Forster, Menzies, Chamisso, Beechey, Brackenridge,
Seemann, Vieillard and Deplanche and Lenormand (from N. Caledonia),
Hillebrand, Rev. T. Powell, Milne and MacGillivray (in Denham's
voyage), Sinclair, Bid will, Harvey, Labillardiere, Macrae, Nightingale,
Barclay, Lay and Collie, Diell, Bennett, Douglas.

Africa, East and West, including the principal Islands in the Atlantic,
and on the east side, such as Madagascar, Mauritius, Bourbon, Seychelles,
Johanna, &c. : — Pappe and Kawson, Ecklon, Zeyher, Burke, Harvey,
Admiral Sir Fred. Grey, Telfair, Sir Henry and Lady Barkly, Bojer,
Ayres, Bouton, Carmichael, Kirk, Meller, Livingstone, Speke and Grant,
Mann, Barter (in Baikie's exped.), the two Yogels, Webb, Lowe, Lyall,
Forbes, Petit - Thouars, Mund, Krauss, Saltzmann, Schirnper, Miller,
Browne, Col. Blagrave, Gerrard, Yillette, Atherstone, Sanderson, Suther-
land, Melliss, Haughton, Gueinzius, Plant, Ansell, Curror, Hutton, Bowie,
Alexander Prior, Swinburne Ward (Seychelles).

China, Japan, and Formosa : — Brackenridge, Alexander, Hance, Vachell,
Oldham, Wilford, Champion, Urquhart, Loraine, Ringgold and Rogers,
C. Wright, Hodgson, Babington, Swinhoe, Taite.

South America, from Mexico to the extreme south of that continent,
including the West Indian Islands : — Swartz, Bancroft, Bertero, Poeppig,
Richard, Bridges, King, Jameson, Mathews, Skinner, Gardner, Sellow,
Tweedie, Galeotti, Imray, Hostmann, Linden, Martius, C. Wright, Chamisso,
Lockhart, Schiede and Deppe, Moricand, Guilding, Wiles, Parker, Sir
Hercules Robinson, Beyrich, Shach, Distin, Schomburgk, Appun, Raddi,
Macfadyen, Purdie, Boog, Salzmann, Hartweg, Wm. Lobb, Miers, Ruiz
and Pavon, Goudot, Humboldt, Blanchet, Burchell, Darwin, Le Prieur,
Tweedie, Yautier, Spruce, Consul Glennie, Swainson, Funck, Wilson,
Liebmann, L'Herminier, Claussen, Hindes, Jiirgensen, MacLean, Alex-
ander Prior, Moritz, Andrieux, Fendler, Schlim, Heward, Otto, Holton,
Jervisse, Sir Charles Bunbury, Philippi, Cuming, Lechler, March, Germain,
Hayes, Salvin and Godman, Cruickshanks.

North America, United States, Canada, and British Columbia, to the
extreme Arctic shores and Islands : — Pursh, Douglas, T. Drummond,
Bourgeau, Torrey, Short, Asa Gray, Peters, Menzies, Franklin, Parry,
Ross (uncle and nephew), Richardson, and various officers of all the
Government Arctic expeditions, Lyall, Booth, Scouler, Tolmie, Macoun,

PREFACE. 7

Mrs. Percival, Eaton, Bigelow, Nuttall, Greene, Chapman, Bridges, Geyer,
Goldie.

Australia and New Zealand : — Brown, Miiller (including his own collec-
tions and those of the various Government explorations in Australia), Hill,
Sieber, C. Moore, Allan and Richard Cunningham, Gunn, Lawrence, Archer,
Backhouse, Harvey, Bynoe, Fraser, Js. Drummond, Heward, Simmons,
Beckler, Colenso, Dieffenbach, Edgerley, Sinclair, Lyall, Raoul, Haast,
Bidwill, Travers, Maling, Hector and Buchanan, Miss Nelson, Mrs. Jones,
Bolton, Menzies, Stephenson, Jolliffe, Munro, Robertson.

Many of the above explorers have sent collections from other countries
they have visited, besides those under which their names stand ; and it
should be observed that this list does not include the names of numerous
travellers who have rendered themselves useful by disposing of their
collections to botanists.

ROYAL GARDENS, KEW,
April, 1865.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS OF WORDS OF FREQUENT
OCCURRENCE IN THE FOLLOWING PAGES.

BOTANICAL TERMS.

Caud. — caudex, from which arises the frond or stipes.

St.= stipes, or stipites, which support the frond.

Fr. = frond, or fronds.

Pinnl. = pinnule, or pinnules.

Invol. = involucre, by many botanists called indusium.

Reccpt. = receptacle, that which bears the sori or capsules ; pi-ominent in most Cyathecv ;
elongated and columnar, or even bristle -shaped, in Hymenophyllum and Trichomanes.

Caps. = capsule, or capsules.

Segm.= segment, segments, or lobes: often used indifferently ; but a segment generally
indicates a deeper or more elongated lobe.

Prim. = primary, or first division of a compoundly pinnate or pinnatifid frond ; thus
prim, div., or prim, pinna or pinnl.

Second. = secondary ; the second principal division, or pinna, of a frond.

MEASURES OF LENGTH.

Ft. = foot, or feet.

In. = inch, or inches.

Zw.=line, -^ of an inch.

1. = long ; thus, 1 in. 1., 1 ft. 1.

w. br. = wide or broad ; thus, 1 line w. or 1 in. br.

AUTHORS' NAMES AND THEIR WORKS.

W. = Willd. = Willdenow. Thus, W. Sp. = Willdenow's Species Plantarum.

Sw. = Swartz; generally, unless when otheiwise mentioned, referring to his Synopsis
Filicum.

Scfafe. = Schkuhr, as Schk. F. = Schkuhr's Filices.

KZG. in SchJc. = Kunze, in Schk. Fil. Suppl.

HTc. Sp. = Hooker, Species Filicum.

Hk. et Or. F. = Hooker and Greville's Icones Filicum.

HTc. Ic. = Hooker, Icones Plantarurn.

Hk. Cent. F. = Hooker's Century of Ferns, which corresponds with vol. 10 of Icones
Plantarum.

Hk. F. Ex. = Hooker's Filices Exoticae.

Hk. 0. P. = Hooker's Garden Ferns.

Hk. 2d. Cent. F. = Hooker's 2d. Century of Ferns.

Hab.= habitat, or locality, indicating the native country of the species.

Names of countries are so commonly abbreviated in descriptive Botany, that they
scarcely need explanation : N. Am. = North America, S.Am.= South America, &c. &c.
M alaya = Malay Islands and Archipelago. " India " generally implies the British posses-
sions of the mainland, exclusive of N. Ind. = North India, chiefly comprising the Hima-
layan range, and exclusive of the Indian islands. Mtx. = Mexico. Pacif. = Islands of the
the the Pacific, unless otherwise expressed, &c. &c.

TABLE OF THE ORDERS AND GENERA.

TABLE OF THE ARRANGEMENTS OF THE ORDERS AND GENERA OF THE
TRUE FERNS IN THE FOLLOWING PAGES, WITH REFERENCES TO
THE NUMBERING OF EACH GENUS, AND TO THE FIGURES OF THE
GENERA ON THE PLATES.

OED. PILICES. GEN. 1—75. TAB. I.— IX.

SuBOiia I. GLEICHENIACE^E. GEN. 1.* Platyzoma. TAB. I. f. 1.
GEN. 2. Gleicbenia. TAB. I. f. 2.

SUB-ORD. II. POLYPODIACE^E. GEN. 3-61. TAB. I. f. 3-12, and
TAB. II.-VIII. f. 61.

A. INVOLUCRATJS. GEN. 3-47. S or i furnished with an involucre,
Alsopliila excepted. TAB. I. f. 3-12. TAB. II.- V. f. 43-47.

TRIBE I. CYATHE^E. GEN. 3. Thyrsopteris. TAB. I. f. 3. GEN. 4. Cyathea.
TAB. I. f. 4. GEN. 5. Hernitelia. TAB. I. f. 5. GEN. 6. Alsopliila.
TAB. I. f. 6. GEN. 7. Diacalpe. TAB. I. f. 7. GEN. 8. Matonia.
TAB. I. f. 8.

TRIBE II. DICKSONIE^E. GEN. 9. Onoclea. TAB. I. f. 9. GEN. 10. Hypo-
derris. TAB I. f. 10. GEN. 11. Woodsia. TAB. I. f. 11. GEN. 12.
Sph^ropteris. TAB. I. f. 12. GEN. 13. Dicksonia. TAB. II. f. 13.
GEN. 14. Deparia. TAB. II. f. 14.

TRIBE III. HYMENOPHYLLE^E. GEN. 15. Loxsoma. TAB. II. f. 15. GEN.
16. Hymenophyllum. TAB. II. f. 16. GEN. 17. Trichoinanes. TAB. II.
f. 17.

TRIBE IY. DAVALLIE^. GEN. 18. Davallia. TAB. II. f. 18. GEN. 19.
Cystopteris. TAB. II. f. 19.

TRIBE V. LINDSAYE.E. GEN. 20. Lindsaya. TAB. II. f. 20. GEN. 20 bis,
Dictyoxiphipium. TAB. II. f. 20, b. c.

TRIBE VI. PTERIDEJL GEN. 21. Adiantuin. TAB. II. f. 21. GEN. 22.
Ochropteris. TAB. II. f. 22. GEN. 23. Lonchitis. TAB. II. f. 23.
GEN. 24. Hypolepis. TAB. II. f. 24. GEN. 25. Cheilanthes. TAB. III.
f. 25. ,GEN. 26. Cassebeera. TAB. III. f. 26. GEN. 27. Onychium.
TAB. III. f, 27. GEN. 28. Llavea. TAB. III. f. 28. GEN. 29. Crypto-
gramrne. TAB. III. f. 29. GEN. 30. Pellsea. TAB. III. f. 30. GEN.
31. Pteris. TAB. III. f. 31. GEN. 32. Ceratopteris. TAB. III. f. 3,2..
GEN. 33. Lomaria. TAB. III. f. 33.

The numbering which precedes each genus corresponds with the number of the
genus in the following pages ; and it may be observed that the same numbering cor-
responds with the respective compartments on the plates, the compartments bearing
the same numeral as that of the genus.

B

10 TABLE OF THE ORDERS AND GENERA.

TRIBE VII. BLECHNES. GEN. 34. Blechnum. TAB. IV. f. 34. GEN. 35.
Sadleria. TAB. IV. f. 35. GEN. 36. Woodwardia. TAB. IV. £ 36.
GEN. 37. Doodia. TAB. TV. f. 37.

TRIBE VIII. ASPLENIE^J, GEN. 38. Aspleniura. Tab. IV. f. 38. GEN. 39.
Allantodia. TAB. IV. f. 39. GEN. 40. Actiniopteris. Tab. IV. f. 40.

TRIBE IX. SCOLOPENDRIES. GEN. 41. Scolopendrium. TAB. IV. f. 41.

TRIBE X. ASPIDIES. GEN. 42. Didymochlama. TAB. IV. f. 42. GEN.
43. Aspidium (including Sagenia). TAB. V. f. 43. GEN. 44. Nephro-
dium: TAB. V. f. 44. GEN. 45. Nephrolepis. TAB. V. f. 45. GEN.
46. Oleandra. TAB. V. f. 46. GEN. 47. Fadyenia. TAB. V. f. 47.

B. EXINVOLUCRAT^E. Sori destitute of involucre. GEN. 48-61.
TAB. V. f. 48, TAB. VI.-VIII. f. 49-61.

TRIBE XI. POLYPODIES. GEN. 48. Poly podium. TAB. V. f. 48.

TRIBE XII. GRAMMITIDES. GEN. 49. Jamesonia. TAB. VI. f. 49. GEN.
50. Nothochtena. TAB. VI. f. 50. GEN. 51. Mouograrame. TAB. VI.
f. 51. GEN. 52. Gymnogramme. TAB. VI. f. 52. GEN. 53. Brainea,
TAB. VI. f. 53. GEN. 54. Meniscium. TAB. VI. f. 54. GEN. 55.
Antrophyum. TAB. VI. f. 55. GEN. 56. Vittaria. TAB. VI. f. 56.
GEN. 57. Tamitis. TAB. VI. f. 57. GEN. 58. Drymoglossum. TAB. VI.
f. 58. GEN. 59. Hemionitis. TAB. VI. f. 59.

TRIBE XIII. ACROSTICHE^. GEN. 60. Acrostichum. TAB. VII. and TAB.
VIII. f. 60. GEN. 61. Platycerium. TAB. VIII. f. 61.

SUB-ORD. III. OSMUND AOEL3EL GEN. 62. Osnmnda. TAB. VIII. f. 62.
GEN. 63. Todea. TAB. VIII. f. 63.

SUB-ORD. IV. SCHIZ^EACE^. GEN. 64. Schizsea. TAB. VIII. f. 64.
GEN. 65. Anemia. TAB. VIII. f. 65. GEN. 66. Mohria. TAB. VIII. f. 66.
GEN. 67. Trochopteris. TAB. VIII. f. 67. GEN. 68. Lygodium. TAB. IX.
f. 68.

SUB-ORD. V. MARATTIACE^. GEN. 69. Angiopteris. TAB. IX. f. 69.
GEN. 70. Marattia. TAB. IX. f. 70. GEN. 71. Dana^a. TAB. IX. f. 71.
GEN. 72. Kaulfussia. TAB. IX. f. 72.

SUB-ORD. VI. OPHIOGLOSSACEJE. GEN. 73. OpMoglossum. TAB. IX.
f. 73. GEN. 74. Helminthostachys. TAB. IX. f. 74. GEN. 75. Botry-
chium. TAB. IX. f. 75.

1. PLATYZOMA. 2. GLEICHENIA, § EUGLEICHENJA. 11

ORD. FILICES. Ferns.

Capsules (sporangia) 1 -celled, usually membranaceous and dorsal, or marginal,
encircled by a complete or incomplete, jointed, elastic ring, collected in clusters
(sori} of a definite but varied form, with or without a covering (involucre, often
called indusium) ; or panicled or even spicate, rarely laxly scattered ; or the
capsules have the ring obsolete, or none, or the ring is confined to the apex of the
capsule, where it forms a longitudinally striated crown, bursting vertically ; or
the capsules are sunk in a many-celled, fleshy or corky receptacle of varied forms,
opening by pores or clefts on the upper surface. Spores minute, various in form.
— Vernation generally circinate, rarely erect. GEN. 1-75. TAB. I.-IX. Fig. 1-75.

SUB-ORD. I. GLEICHENIACE^E, Br.

Sori dorsal, of few (2-10) capsules. Capsules opening vertically, surrounded by
a broad, transverse, complete ring. Invol. O. — Caud. mostly creeping. St. often
dichotomous. Fronds rigid, generally large and dichotomously branched, frequently
bearing axillary buds. Vernation circinate. (GEN. 1, 2.) TAB. I. f. 1, 2,

GEN. 1. PLATYZOMA, Br.

Sori of few sessile caps. (" mixed with a pulverulent substance," Br.}, arising
from the apex of simple veinlets, and concealed by the singularly revolute mar-
gins of the pinnse. — Caudex creeping, beautifully sericeo-paleaceous.* Stipites tufted.
— Fronds 8 in. to 1 ft. 1., pinnated, with small, coriaceous, cucullate pinnae, scarcely
1 line 1. TAB. I. f. 1.

1. P. micropliyllum, BY.— Ilk. Sp.l.p.2.'

Hab. Trop. and subtrop. Australia. — A genus too nearly allied to Gleichenia.

GEN. 2. GLEICHENIA, 8m.

Sori of few (2-4 rarely 5-10) sessile caps., situated on a lower exterior veinlet.
— Caud. mostly creeping. Fr. rarely unbranched, generally dichotomously divided,
often proliferous from the axils of the forks ; pinme deeply pinnatifid, with the seg-
ments small and concave, suborbicular, or pectinate with elongated lobes. TAB. I. f. 2.

§ Eugleichenia. Soti solitary at the apex of a veinlet on the superior base of a
lobe ; lobes of the pinnae small, suborbicular. Sp. 1-6.

1. G. (Eugl.)moniliformif, Moore ; caud. slender, substipitiform, erect,branched ;
st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1. ; fr. coriaceous, 8-12 in. 1., 3 in. br., linear, deeply pinnatifid ;
lobes numerous, broad, concave beneath ; sori solitary, mixed with ferruginous
hairs. — Stromatopteris, Mett. in Ann. Sc. N. 1861, p. 84. t. 3.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, n. 1571. — A very remarkable species, but scarcely
differing from the present genus.

2. G.(Eugl.}polypodioides, Sm. ; lobes of ihepinnce ovate, glaucous beneath; caps.
3-4, sunk in a cavity forming a flat-topped sorus. — Schk. F. t. 149; Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 3. G. glauca, Sw. (non Hk. Sp. 1. p. 4).

Hab. S. Afr. ; Cape Colony (north to Angola, Welwitsch).

3. G. (Eugl.) drcinata, Sw. ; lobes of the pinnos ovate or subrotund (most so
when fertile), more or less glaucous beneath, the margins slightly recurved ; caps*.
3-4, superficial, branches and rachis glabrous, or more or less clothed with chaffy
pubescence. — G. microphylla, Br. Hk. Sp. I. p. 3. G. Speluncse, Br. Hk. Sp. I.
p. 2. 1. 1. B. ; Guill. Ic. PL Amir. 1. 12. G. semivestita, Lab. Sert.N. Cal. 1. 11 ; Hk.
Sp. 1. p. 3. t. 2. A (rachises and young fr. very paleaceo-pubeseent).

Hab. Australia, Tasmania, N. Zeal., N. Caledonia, Malacca.

12 2. GLErCHENIA, § MERTENSIA.

4. G. (Eugl.) rupestris, Br. ; glabrous, lobes of the pinnae rounded or obtusely
subquadrangular, coriaceous, the margins thickened and recurved, subglaucous
beneath ; sori of 3-4 caps., superficial. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 2. t. 1. B.

Hab. Port Jackson and N. W. Austral., Mueller. — Too near, I fear, to Q. circinata.

5. G. (Eugl.)/?0»y«, Kze. ; small \fr. subelliptical, 4 in. Lby3in.br., bipinnate;
prim, pinna? 4, subopposite, ultimate pair constituting a fork ; terminal pinnl.
elongate ; lobes of the ultimate pinnce very small, j in. 1., suborbicular-concave,
glaucous beneath ; sori of few caps., mixed with copious ferruginous wool. —
Kze.inSchk.t.W.f. 1.

Hab. Bourbon, Bory.

6. G. dicarpa, Br. ; lobes of the pinnce orbicular, subhemispherical, very forni-
cate ; caps, about 2, concealed within the almost slipper-shaped lobes, and mixed
with ferruginous paleaceous hairs, which often extend to the rachis. — Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 3. t. 1. C. and F. Ex. t. 40. — /3 alpina ; generally smaller and more compact,
rachis and young shoots ferruginous, with paleaceous wool. G. alpina, Br. Hk.
et Gr. F. t. 58 ; Hook. Sp. 1. p. 2. G. hecistophylla, A. Cunn. Hk. Sp.l.p. 4.
t. 2. B. G. Vulcanica, Bl. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 4.

Hab. Australia and Tasmania, frequent. Isle of Pines, Denham. N. Cal., Vieillard.
— (3. High mountains, Tasmania, N. Zealand, Malay Isles (G. Vulcanica, Bl.).

§§ Mertensia. Sori near the middle of, or at the forking of, the veinlets, the ulti-
mate pinnce pectinate ; segm. linear or oblong, rarely subovate, much longer than in the
preceding section. St. forked, or, from the development of an axillary bud, prolife-
rous and pinnated; pinnce very long and pinnated ; pinnl. deeply pinnatifid. Sp.
7-21.

* Stipes forked, branched, and copiously bipinnate. Sp. 7.

7. G. (Mert.) lonqissima, Bl. ; large, often many ft. long ; st. stout, forked ;
branches very long, bearing numerous close-placed pinnce 4-6-8 in. 1., 1-2 in. br.,
deeply pinnatifid to the rachis ; the segm. linear, acuminated, or oblong, paler or
more or less glaucous beneath, glabrous, or (especially when found at great eleva-
tions) densely ferrugineo-tomentose, and very paleaceous on the st. rachis and
young shoots; caps. 3-5, often mixed with hairs. — Hk. Sp. 1 . p. 4. G. glauca,
Hk. Sp. 1. p. 4. t. 3. B., not Sw. M. glabra, Brack. G. gigantea, Wall, in Hk.
Sp. 1. p. 5. t. 3. A. G. excelsa, J. Sm. Hk. Sp. I. p. 5. t. 4. B. G. Bancroftii, Hk.
Sp. \.p.5. t. 4. A. M. pinnata, Kze. — /3. arachnoides, frond cobwebby. G. arach-
noides, Mett. in Ann. Bot. L. Bat A. p. 47. G. bullata, Moore.

Hab. China and Japan, common, and mostly very glaucous beneath ; Bengal, Malay
Islands and Peninsula, Sandwich Isles, W. Indies, N. Grenada, Mexico, and Guatemala.
— /3 Borneo, elev. 7,000 ft., Low. Java, Blume, De Vriese. — My copious specimens from
the above localities quite satisfy me that the supposed species enumerated are trifling
modifications of one and the same.

** Fr. dichotomous (rarely simple']; pinnatifid; in other words, the leafy or
frondose portion is not confined to the forked apices, but is decurrent upon the
branched portion of the st. Sp. 8-21.

8. G. (Mert.) fiabellata, Br. ; fr. very proliferous ; branches dichotomously
flabelliform, submembranaceous ; pinnce ascending, a span and more 1., 1-2 in.
br., lanceolate, subcaudato-acuminate, closely pectinato-pinnatifid ; segm. linear,
suberecto-patent.— Hk. Sp. l.p.Q. Hk. F. Ex. t. 71.

Hab. N. to S. Australia and Tasmania ; N. Zealand ; N. Cal., Vieillard.

9. G. (Mert.) tenera, Br.; "fr. dichotomous, proliferous; branches lanceolate
pinnatifid; pinnce (segm.} linear, entire, divaricated, slightly hairy ; rachis scaly,
caps. 3-5, inserted, sessile," Br. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 6.

Hab. Tasmania. — What I suppose to be this, is probably a small and young form of G. fla~
bellala with shorter and more sp reading segm., and is slightly and partially villous and scaly.

2. GLEICHENIA, § MERTENSIA. 13

10. G. (Mert.) Cunninghami, Hew. ; st. and costce beneath hairy and deci-
duously scaly ; jr. often proliferous, coriaceous ; brandies dichotomously flabel-
liform, glaucous beneath, and hairy ; pinnce linear-lanceolate, acuminate, often
falcate, 4-6 in. 1., -|-1 in. br. ; segm. linear, acute ; caps. 2-4 in a sorus. — Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 6. t. 6. B. Hk.fil. N. Zeal. 2. t. 71.

Hab. N. Zealand.

11. G. (Mert.) ttmbraculifera, Moore ; st. and rachis deciduously tomentose and
subpaleaceous ;fr. often proliferous, flaccido-coriaceous ; branches dichotomously
flabelliform, scarcely glaucous beneath ; pinnce 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. br., lanceolate, sub-
caudato-acuminate, pectinato-pinnatifid ; lobes narrow-linear ; sori of 3-5 caps.
— Mertensia, Kze. in Linn. 18. p. 114.

Hab. S. Africa. — Perhaps too near Q. Cunninghami of N. Zealand.

12. G. (Mert.) pedalis, Klfs. ; st. and rachis with deciduous, chaffy scales ; fr.
often proliferous ; brandies dichotomously flabelliform, subcoriaceous, yellow-
green when dry ; pinnce linear-lanceolate, spreading or recurved, 4-6 in. 1., ^-^ in.
br., deeply pinnatifid, oblong-ovate, subglaucous beneath, horizontal, the margins
scarcely recurved ; sori of 2-4 caps. — Hk. Sp. I. p. Q.f. 8. B.

Hab. Chili, as far south as Valdivia ; Juan Fernandez, Bertero.

13. G. (Mert.) cryptocarpa, Hk. ; glabrous ; fr. proliferous, coriaceous, deep
yellow or yellow-brown when dry ; branches dichotomously flabelliform ; pinnce
broad-lanceolate, suberect and compact, 4-5 in. 1., 1 in. br., pectinato-pinnatifid ;
segm. narrow- linear, strongly veined, the margins singularly revolute, concealing
the sori ; caps. 1-4 in a sorus. — Hk. Sp. \.p. 7. t. 6. A.

Hab. S. Chili and Chiloe ; Falkland Islands.

14. G. (Mert.) quadripartita, Hk. ; fr. coriaceous, black when dry, rufous-
brown beneath, and there deciduously chaffy on the costse, not proliferous, only
once forked ; each branch flabelliformly dichotomous ; pinnae lanceolate, acumi-
nate, falcately curved, pectinato-pinnatifid, 4-6 in. 1., 1-lJ in. br. ; lobes narrow-
linear, subfalcate, sharply acute, the margins a little recurved ; caps. 1-3 in a
sorus. — Mertensia, Poir. G. acutifolia, Hk. Sp. I. p. 7. t. 8. A.

Hab. Straits of Magellan, Port Famine. — Very dark coloured, quite black above when
dry, red-brown beneath, remarkable in not being proliferous. This and the three pre-
ceding species have a strong family resemblance, and a very compact habit ; yet each
seems to be uniform in its respective characters.

15. G. (Mert.) revoluta, H. B. K. ; st. and rachis paleaceous, especially beneath ;
fr. repeatedly dichotomous, rarely proliferous, rigid, subcoriaceous (gemmae often
foliaceous) ; pinnce linear-acuminate, 5-7 in. 1., ^-f in. br., deeply pinnatifid,
much and laxly divaricated and falcate ; lobes ovate, horizontal, obtuse with the
margin recurved, subglaucous beneath ; caps. 2-4. — Hk. Sp. l.p.7. t. 7. A. M. pru-
inata, Mart. (Kze.\ M. subflabellata, Brack. (Moore).

Hab. Andes of Quito, alt. 9-10,000 ft., Humloldt. Brazil (Klotzsch in fferb. Nostr.).
Brackenridge ? Summit of the Blue Mountains, Jamaica, Purdie. — My authentic speci-
men of M. subflabellata, Brack., is more glabrous, and has slenderer and less divaricating
•nnnae than true revoluta.

16. G. (Mert.) simplex, Hk. ; st. subpaleaceous, undivided ; fr. simple, linear-
lanceolate, pectinato-pinnatifid, acuminate at the apex, or, if undeveloped there,
^ericeo-paleaceous (rarely, in that state, with circinate heads), 6-14 in. 1., |-1 in.
)r. ; lowest segm. free, all' obliquely patent, from a broad base linear-oblong, glau-
cous beneath ; caps. 2-4, mixed with rufous hairs.— Hk, Ic. PI. 1. 1. 92. Sp. p. 7.

Hab. Andes of Quito and Peru.

17. G. (Mert.) pubcscens, H. B. K. ; st. and rachises often paleaceous or woolly ;
tranches of tlie/r. repeatedly dichotomous, subcoriaceous, leafy ; pinnce 6 in. to

14: 2. GLEICHENIA, § MERTENSIA.

2 ft. 1., 1-2 in. br., pectinate - pinnatifid, clothed with cobwebby, deciduous
pubescence, generally ferruginous beneath ; segm. spreading, linear, obtuse or
retuse ; caps. 2-5, often concealed among the pubescence. — Hk. Sp. 1 . p. 8. M. im-
mersa, Klf. Hk. et Grev. Ic. F. 1. 15 (excellent). Gl. tomentosa, Sw. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 13.
— /3 more or less glabrous. M. f urcata, Sw. G. Mathewsii, Hk. Sp. p. 9. t. 7. B.
M. farinosa, Klf. Hk. Sp. p. 9. — y longi-pinnata ; pinnae 2 ft. 1., 3 in. wide.
G. longipinnata, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 9. M. grandis, Fee, in lib. nostr.

Hab. Tropical America abundant ; very variable in the more or less decurrent lobes
of the frond, and in the presence or absence of tomentum and scales.

18. G. (Mert.) Owtyhensis, Hk. ; st. above much compressed, and winged with
2 elevated ciliated lateral lines ; fronds subcoriaceous, 3-4 times or more dicho-
tomous, leafy ; pinnce lanceolate, acuminate, a span to 1 ft. 1., 2-2| in. w. ; segm.
linear, horizontal, tapering and acute, cobwebby on the costa and veins beneath ;
caps. 2-4.— Hk. Sp. l.p.Q. Mert. Hawaiensis, Brack. Fil. U. S. Expl. Exp.p. 295.

Hab. Owhyhee. Macrae, Brackcnridge.

19. G. (Mert.) flagettaris, Spr. ; branches of the/K glabrous, repeatedly dicho-
tomous, copiously foliaceous, glabrous, often glaucous beneath, subcoriaceo-mem-
branaceous ; pinnce erecto-patent or divaricating, extremely variable, broad- or
narrow- or linear-lanceolate, 5-6 in. to a ft. and more 1. ; segm. ^-2 in. and more 1.,
linear, sometimes ferrugineo-tomentose at the base beneath ; caps. 2-4. — Hk. Sp. 1 .
p. 10. Mertensia, Bory. G. laevigata, W. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 10 G. bifurcata, Bl.
Hk. Sp. 1. p. 11. Mert. plumseformis, Pr. Epim. p. 24. 1. 15 (very good). G. brac-
teata, Bl. in Hb. Hook, (axillary gemmae pectinato-bracteated ; brandies of the/r.
contracted).

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon, Madagascar ; Java and Malay Islands abundant ; Fiji,
Milne. — The Malayan form of this is very large and rigid, yet the ramification and the
copious foliaceous branches are the same as in the Mauritian and Madagascar form.

20. G. (Mert.) hirta, Bl. ; "fr. chartaceous when dry, opaque, green above,
beneath cseruleo-pruinate (very glaucous on the rachises and costse), together

eh

with the (small) gemmce densely paleaceous with ferruginous, lanceolate scales,
paler at the margin and ciliated, at length bare on the costse, many times dicho-
tomous ; branches adscendenti-flabellate ; prim, ones 1 in. 1., nudate ; second, ones
1^ in. 1., subnudate ; tertiary ones subelongate ; ult. ones (or pinnce) 7-9 in. 1.,
standing at an angle of 30°, linear, gradually attenuated, deeply pinnatifid ; lobes
8 in. 1., 1| in. br. (oblong-) linear, obtuse, slightly curved, the margin re volute,
the sides entire, the apex denticulate ; veins lax, slender ; sori between the costa
and the margin, of 3-5 caps.1' Mett. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 11. Mett. in Miq. Ann. Mus.
Bot.L. Bat. 1. p. 48.

Hab. Malay Islands, Reinwardt, Sir W. Noms. — It is but recently that I have received
specimens of this from Sir W. Norris, but unfortunately all sterile ones.

21. G. (Mert.) vestita, Bl. ; "fr. chartaceous or subcoriaceous, dark opaque-
green above, pruinose beneath, ferruginously fimbriato-paleaceous on the rachises.
costce, and gemmce, many times dichotomous ; inf. branches 1-2 in. 1., subdivergent ;
ult. ones (or pinnce) 6-8 in. 1., all deeply pinnatifid ; segm. approximate, patent, 4-5
lines 1., 2| lines br., oblong or ovato-oblong, rather obtuse or shortly apiculate,
entire ; gemmce pinnatifidly bracteated ; veins lax, evident beneath, prominent above ;
ca/tf.5,large," Mett. — Hk.Sp.l.p.lQ. Mett. in. Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot.L. Bat. p. 48.

Hab. Malay Islands, Blume, Van Ifasselt. — I possess authentic specimens of this
from Blume, quite glaucous beneath ; those from Gede' ( Van Rasselt) are not at all
glaucous. Blume notices its close affinity with G. Icevigata, which we unite with (?. flayd-
laris. It is a stouter-growing plant, with broader and shorter segments. Mettenius, with
equal justice, says it is almost to be looked upon as a large form of G. revoluta (n. 15), with
large and less ciliated chaffy scales and more distinct veins.

§§§ Stipes zigzag, branched ; branches bearing from 1-3 pairs of forked divari-
cating pinnce ; segments never decurrent. Sp. 22.

3. THYKSOPTERIS. 15

22. G. (Mei-i.) pectin ata, Pr. (character given in the section). — G. glaucescens,
//. B. K. Hk. Sp. !./>. 11. Mertensia Hermann!, Hk. et Gr. Ic. F. t. 14 (excl.
synonyms}. Mertensia nervosa, Klfs. Gleichenia, Ilk. Sp. 1. p. 12. t. 5. A.

Hab. Tropical S. America, common. — /3. Brazil. — The only species of this section, and
not to be confounded with any other. Glabrous or pubescent beneath, very frequently
glaucous. Sori of 8-10 capsules. M. nervosa, Klfs., is merely a young form of this.

§ 4. Stipes zigzag , repeatedly di- or trichotomous, the ultimate branches bearing
a pair of forked pinnae : a distinct pair of pinnae also arises from the base of the
forked branches (not of the frond). Segments never decurrent. Sp. 23.

23. G. (Mert.) dichotoma, Willd. (character given in the section). — Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 12. G. Hermann!, Dr. (not Hk. & Gr.). Besides the many synonyms given in
Sp. Fil. 1. c., I may add M. pteridifolia, Pr. Epim. p. 23. t. 14 (a terminal fork
only) ; M. rufmervis, Mart. Hk. Sp. I. p. 11. G. Klotzschii, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 13.
t. 5. B. M. revoluta, Kl. Hb. nostr. (not of H. B. K.). M. crassifolia, Pr. Epim.
p. 23. 1. 13. G. ferruginea, Bl. (not Desv.}. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 10. Mett. in Miq. Ann.
Mus. Bot. L. 'Bat. 1. p. 50. M. emarginata,#rac£. Ml. U. S. Expl. Exp.p. 297. t. 42
(very ferrugineo-tomentose beneath, and with the segments often emarginate ;
as they are in the glabrous var. of G. dichotoma).

Hab. Tropical and subtropical regions, almost universal, in the New and in the Old
Worlds ; Pacific Islands, and as far north as Japan. — As G. pectinata is a solitary species
of its section, so is G. dichotoma of the present one. Besides being most extensively
geographically distributed, it is very variable in the size of the pinnae and in the shape
of the segments, and in being more or less glabrous or densely tomentose beneath, green
or glaucous, and very variable in the texture of the frond : but the pairs of accessory
pinnse at the base of a fork are invariably present. There are also abnormal or
aberrant forms. Among them I have specimens with lobes of the pinnse free (pin-
nules), and more or less deeply pinnatifid, from Penang and Java. I have others from
Java, which Mettenius (Ann. Mus. Bot. L. Bat.) calls var. alternans, in which the
primary divisions of the stipes are scarcely dichotomous, but alternate, " frondes
insequaliter dichotomse." — In regard to size, some of the pinnse are 1-1 4 ft« !•» and some
are 6 in. br. Occasionally, the lowest pair of lobes is much elongated, reflected, and
pinnatifid.

SUB-ORD. II. POLYPODIACE.E.

Sori dorsal or marginal, subglobose, of many capsules, with or without an involucre,
usually pedicellate, more or less completely surrounded with a jointed vertical and
elastic ring, and bursting transversely (except in Hymenophyllese). TRIBE I.-XIII.
GEN. 3-G1. TAB. I. f. 3-12, and TAB. I.-VIII. f. 13-61, inclusive.

A. INVOLUCRAT^E. Sori furnished with an involucre (except in Alsophila).
TRIBE I-VIII. GEN. 3-47.

TRIBE I. CYATHE.E.

Son dorsal, globose, often at or near the forking of a vein. Caps, numerous, often
very compact, sessile or stalked, generally on an elevated receptacle, often mixed with
hairs, obovate, usually with a broad, vertical, or suboblique elastic ring. Invol. (want-
ing in Alsophila) inferior, including the sorus, lateral and resembling a scale on the
under side of the sorus, or cup-shaped, often, when young, enveloping the sorus, eventually
opening at the summit, or breaking down, with a more or less regular margin. — Gaud,
very generally arborescent. Tropical or subtropical. GEN. 3-8.

GEN. 3. THYRSOPTERIS, Kze.

Sori globose, marginal, collected into a panicle distinct from the sterile pinnae.
Caps, sessile, on a globose receptacle. Invol. inferior, cup-shaped, the mouth entire.
— Fronds decompound, sterile portions bipinnate with lanceolate, incised pinnules ;
fertile ones 3-pinnate, of which each pinnule becomes a raceme of stalked involucres.
TAB. 1. f. 3.

16 4. CYATIIEA.

1. T. elegans, Kze., in Schk. Fil. Suppl. p. 3. t. 1. Hk. 8p. 1 . p. 65.

Hab. Juan Fernandez, Bertero. — A solitary and very rare Fern. T remove this genus
to the Tribe Cyathece, to which, I think, it has a closer affinity than to Dicksoniece.

GEN. 4. CYATIIEA, Sm.

Sori on a vein, or in the axil of the forking of a vein. Recept. elevated, globose,
or elongated. Invol. globose, inferior, covering the whole sorus, afterwards break-
ing at the summit and forming a more or less persistent cup, even or irregular at
the margin. — Arborescent, tropical or subtropical, St. often aculcated. Fronds
simple or pinnate, or decompoundly pinnate. TAB. I. f. 4.

* Fronds undivided. Sp. 1.

1. C. sinuata, Hk. & Gr. ; caud. slender, erect, 2-4 ft. 1. ; fr. simple, 2-3 ft. 1.,
l-2g in. w., elongato-lanceolate, sinuated at the margin, acuminate, tapering into
a short stipes at the base.— Hk. Sp, \.p. 15 ; and Gard. F. t. 21. Thw. En. PI. Cey.
p. 396.

Hab. Wooded mountains, Ceylon, rare ; most abundant in the Singhe-rajah Forest. —
If not among the smallest, certainly among the most elegant and graceful of cyatheaceous
plants, and the only one we know with quite simple fronds. A native only of Ceylon.

** Fronds pinnate. Sp. 2, 3.

2. C. Brunonis, Wall. ; fr. large, pinnate, glossy ; pinnce 8-14 in. 1., oblong-
lanceolate, finely acuminate. — Hk. Sp. p. 15 ; Gen. F. t. 2.

Hab. Malay Islands, frequent. — Caudex unknown to me.

3. C. Hookeri, Thw. ; small but arborescent ; caud. 1^ in. thick ; st. short,
black, muricated at the base and subpaleaceous ; fr. coriaceo-meinbranaceous,
2-3 ft. 1., 4-5 in. w., elongato-lanceolate, acuminate, pinnate, pinnatifid at the apex ;
pinnce from a broad base auricled on both sides, sublinear-lanceolate, acuminate,
subsessile, coarsely dentato-pinnatifid, more or less entire towards the apex ; veins
pinnated ; sori dorsal on the veins or in the lower axils ; invol. breaking into
irregular lobes. — Thw. En. PI. Cey.p. 396.

Hab. Forest of Singhe Kajah, Ceylon, Thwaites, C. P. 3722.— A very distinct and
peculiar species.

*** Fronds decompoundly pinnate.* Sp. 4-55.

f Species of tropical America. Sp. 4-24.

4. C. arborea, Sm. ; unarmed or copiously prickly, often strongly so at the
base of the st. ; st. and rachis pale brown, or dark purple, or black ; fr. ample,
bipinnate ; second, pinncv 5-8 in. 1., sessile, oblong-lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid or
again pinnate ; lobes or pinnl. oblong, subfalcate, serrated, paler beneath ; invol.
chartaceous,pale or dark brown, exactly cup-shaped in maturity, with a beautifull y
even margin. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 17. — Var. pallida ; st., rachis, and invol. pale-coloured.
C. elegans, Hew. C. Grevilliana. Mart. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 22. C. minor, Eat.

Hab. W. Ind. Islands ; most abundant in Jamaica, both varieties. Brazil, Pohl. —
I have again examined with great care the two states of this plant, and am only the
more confirmed in my opinion that they constitute but one species.

* The three preceding species are readily enough distinguished by the undivided or
simply pinnated structure of the frond, combined with other peculiarities : but it is far
otherwise with those which follow, whose fronds are more compoundly divided, which
present a much greater similarity one with another, and of which, on account of their
frequently gigantic size, we rarely receive other than mere fragments, telling nothing
of their arborescent trunks or caudices, and rarely of their stipites, which often present
useful characters. I am unable to offer any better sections or subdivisions than according
to the countries they inhabit.

4. CYATHEA. 17

5. C. serra, W. ; st. thicker than one's finger, more or less muricated (as well
as the rachis\ densely paleaceous with large whitish scales 1-1^ in. 1. ; fr.
bipinnate ; pinril. lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, 6-8 in. 1., lanceolate, acuminate,
deeply pinnatifid ; lobes linear-oblong, acute, serrated, falcate, glabrous ; racMs
and costce slightly hairy ; sori generally covering the whole of the lobes ; invol.
very thin and membranaceous, at length forming a shallow cup, entire or more or
less torn at the margin. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 17. t. 9. A. C. bicrenata, Liebm.

Hab. W. Indies, Brazil, Mexico. Guatemala ?, Salvin & Godwood (not at all muri-
cated).

6. C. insignis, Eat. ; st. very paleaceous at the base with long, glossy, subulate
scales; fr. ample, coriaceous, glabrous, dark-green, glaucous beneath, all the
rachises and costce beneath muricated; prim, pinnce 3 ft. 1. ; second, ones 7-8
in. 1,, ^-f in. w., elongato-oblong, finely acuminated, sessile, pinnatifid nearly to
the costa ; lobes oblong-falcate, obtuse, quite entire, the margin slightly reflexed ;
sori copious ; invol. firm-membranaceous, cinnabar-brown, sub-pruinose (with a
glaucous tint), often breaking down into 4 subequal valves. — Eat. in Fil. Wright ,
et Fendl. p. 215.

Hab. Jamaica, on St. Catharine's Peak ; elev. 5,000 ft., Wilson, n. 716. Cuba,
Wright, n. 1064. Mountain forests, Vera Cruz, Salvin. — A fine species, quite free from
scales, except in the stoutest portion of the stipes I possess, where there are traces of
long subulate glossy dark-brown ones, free from hairs ; fronds glaucous beneath, and
with very peculiar involucres.

7. C. Imrayana, Hk. ; st. and racMs pale or dark-brown, sparsely tuberculato-
asperous, beneath and on the costse and costules more or less copiously clothed
with ferruginous down and scurfy with small, laciniated, often bullate scales ;
fr. subcoriaceous, bipinnate ; pinnl. lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, deeply pin-
natifid ; lobes oblong or linear- subfalcate, generally nearly entire ; sori near the
costa ; invol. globose, membranaceous, fragile, breaking down very irregularly. —
Hk. Sp. 1. p. 18. t. 9. B. (excl. var. /?.). « C. Tussacii, Desv.," Kze. in H. nostr.
— ]3. submidata / main rachis with the scales deciduous. C. muricata W. ?
Griseb. ?

Hab. West Indian Islands. Caracas. — C. muricata is a species of Willdenow, founded
on the most unsatisfactory figure of Plumier. The generally copious scurfy scales on the
underside of the frond are mainly characteristic of our C. Imrayana. It appears to be a
high mountain species, gathered on the Blue Mountain Peak in Jamaica ; alt. 5,000ft.

8. C. balanocarpa, Eat. ; " st. sparsely aculeated at the base and paleaceous
\vithbrown, narrow scales ; fr. glabrous, ample, bipinnate '"pinnae 12-15 in. 1.,
2 in. br., oblong, acuminate ; pinnl. very numerous, 2-2^ in. 1., 2^ lines w., linear-
oblong, obtuse crenato-lobate in their lower half, with a distinct, rounded auricle
at the inferior base, the superior half of the pinnl., or less, entire ; sori, one cor-
responding to each lobe of the pinnl. ; invol. mamillseform, subcoriaceous with a
circular opening at the apex from which the capsules soon protrude. — Eat. Fil.
Wright, et Fendl. p. 215.

Hab. Cuba, C. Wright, n. 1063.— A most distinct and well-marked species, admirably
distinguished by Mr. Eaton, I. c.

9. C. cuspidata, Kze. ; "fr. bipinnate ; pinnl. alternate, subsessile, divergent,
oblong, cuspidate, 4|-6 in. 1. by 1| in. w., unequal at the base, deeply pinnatifid,"
having beneath a few deciduous whitish scales ; lobes linear-falcate, the lower
fertile portion a little contracted, crenulate at the apex, and acute ; sori costal ;
invol. cinnamon-brown, firm, bursting very irregularly, "stipes hairy at the
base."— Hk. Sp.l.p.lQ. t. 12. A.

Hab. Peru, Poeppig.—M.y fragments received from Dr. Kunze in many respects resem-
ble some of the forms of C. arborea; but the involucres are very different.

10. C. divtrgens, Kze. ; base of the stout st. muricated, furfuraceo-tomentos"

ri

18 4. CYATHEA.

and scaly (on the upper side) with firm, intensely black, lanceolate, very long-
pointed scales having a pale margin ; fr. large, glabrous, bipinnate, petiolate ;
pinnl. firm-coriaceous, 4-G in. 1., 1-1| in. w., from a broad base oblong, acuminate,
deeply pinnatifid ; lobes rather distant, oblong-falcate, acute, subserrated ; sori
costal, numerous ; invol. membranaceous, fragile, soon breaking in a very irre-
gular manner. — SJc. Sp. I. p. 19. t. 11. A.

Hab. Peru, Ecuador, alt. 11,000 ft., Spruce, n. 5367. N. Grenada, Schlim, n. 480.
— " Gaud, arboreous, 40 ft. high, 1 ft. in diain. Fr. 7 ft. long, including the stipes.
Pinnae 12 on each side, excluding the few minute terminal ones." Spruce.

11. C. gracilis, Griseb. ; st. strongly mnricated at the base ; fr. bipinnate,
glabrous ; prim, and second, pinnce long-petioled, deltoideo-acuminate, the latter
3-4 in. 1., 1-1| in. w. at the base, deeply pinnatifid ; lobes oblong, obtuse, serrated,
sori copious, generally confined to the superior half of the lobes ; invol. dark-
brown, bursting into somewhat regular valves or lobes to near the cup-like base.
—Griseb. Fl. B. \V. Ind. p. 704.

Hab. Jamaica, Wilson, Purdie. Antioquia, Jervise. — Allied, as Dr. Grisebach says,
to C. divergent, but very distinct. A peculiar feature is given to this plant by the
unusual length of the petioles, generally 2-2^ in. 1., and by the pinnules being truncated
at the base. Next to this species, Griesebach, /. c.y places " C. tenera,, Hook.," as a
W. Indian Fern, by which he probably intends Alsophila tenera, of J. Smith, which I
have placed among "species dubise," in Sp. Fil. p. 49. But the original specimens are
very imperfect ; and, unless better known to Dr. Griesebach than to me, I should doubt
the correctness of its being identical with Hemitdia multiflora, Br. ; the latter, I believe,
is a very dubious plant.

12. C. Mettenii, Karst. " caud. arborescent bald (not clothed with the bases of
old leaves), squamose above ; st. brunneo-squarrose at the base, unarmed ; fr.
lanceolate, 0 ft. and more long, 3-4 ft. w., ovate-lanceolate, acute, bipinnate ;
pinnl. 2 in. ]., from a broad base lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, deciduous ; costas
and veins on both sides squamoso-pilose ; lobes falcate, oblong, obtuse, obsoletely
serrated, glaucous beneath ; veins generally forked, soriferous at the fork ;
invol. globose, breaking open irregularly." — Karst. Fl. Columb. 1. p. 113. t. 56.

Hab. Andes of Bogota, alt. 14,200 ft., Karsten. Tarapota, Eastern Peru, Spruce,
n. 4723. — Mr. Spruce's fronds entirely correspond with the beautiful figure and the
description of Karsten. The stipes is castaneous, and very smooth ; the scales at its
base are unilateral, very large, and point upwards, glossy black, as if varnished, and have
a ferruginous margin.

13. C. squamipes, Karst. ; st. strongly aculeate, thick as a child's wrist below,
and -there clothed with long narrow castaneous scales ; rachis and costce more or
less muricated and downy; fr. 10-12 ft. 1., bipinnate; pinnce 12-14 in. 1.;
pinnl. 2-3 in. 1., hairy on the veins beneath, 5 lines w., linear-oblong, short-
acuminated ; sori copious, close to the costule ; invol. pale, membranaceous,
globose, opening at the apex by a circular but rather irregular mouth. — Karst. Fl.
'Columb. t. 99 & 100, 3 b.

Hab. Mountain of Merida, Columbia, alt. 6-9,000 ft., Karsten. Tarapota, E. Peru,
Spruce, n. 4729.

14. C. incana, Karst. ; " caud. arborescent, densely scaly ; st. scaly only below,
and tomentose with linear scales ; pinnce and pinnl. linear-lanceolate, deci-
duous ; lobes oblong, falcate, subacute, fertile ones nearly entire, sterile oties slightly
serrated, with the veins generally forked, soriferous at the fork ; invol. pilose,
membranaceous, irregularly opening at the apex." — Karst. Fl. Columb. t. 37.

Hab. Andes of Bogota, alt. 15,000 ft., Karsten. — Beautiful as is the figure, and
laboured as is the descriptive portion of the text, there is such an absence of allusion to
allied species (except slightly to " C. straminea, Karst.," and to C. Schansckin of Martius),
that 1 dare not express any opinion on its validity.

15. C.frondosa, Karst.; "caud. lofty, unarmed, squamose with linear-subulate

4. CYATHEA. 19

scales, acuminate, frondose at the summit ; fr. ovato-lanceolate, 12-14 ft. 1. l>y
C ft. w. ; pinnl. 4-5 in. 1., from a broad base lanceolate ; lobes oblong, margins
recurved, penniveined ; veins forked, their branches clavato-incrassate at the
apex, terminating near the margin, and as well on thejPrtJV. and second, costce
pilose and squamose ; sori near the costule at the furcature of the veins ; invol.
globose, glabrous, opening irregularly at the summit ; recept. globose, entire,
pilose.'* — Karst. FL Columb. 1. t. 74.

Hab. Andes of Bogota, alt. 14,400 ft., Karsten. — Apparently allied to C. arborca, var.
pcdlida, and to C. Sckanschin ; but, unfortunately, no essentially distinguishing features
are pointed out.

1G. C. equestris, Kze. ; <r'fr. vast, coriaceous, bipinnate ; pinnae long-petiolate,
lanceolate ; pinnl. remote, alternate, petiolate, confluent into an acuminated
apex of the pinna, lower ones divaricato-reflexed, middle ones divergent, superior
ones patent, all oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid, unequal at the base, acuminated ;
lobes falcato-oblong, rather obtuse, serrulate, lower ones soriferous ; sori near
the costule irregular ; costce and petioles hairy above ; partial rachises at the base
sparingly aculeolate, beneath towards the base hairy."— Kze. in Schk. SuppL
fc 70. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 19.

Hab. Peru, Poeppig. — The author compares this with our G. diveryens ; but his figure,
and a pinna I possess from the author, show a greater resemblance to Hemiteiia Gma-
neiisis, Hk. It is, however, a true CyatJiea. This was quite unknown to me at the time
I published the Sp. Fil. I have since received a pinna from the late Professor Kunze.
It is 5 in. 1., nearly 1£ in. br., oblong-acuminated, quite glabrous ; segments very close-
placed, 7 lines 1. by 3-4 br., quite plane.

17. C. Beyrichiana, Pr. ; st. aculeate and at the base clothed with long,
brown, chaffy hairs ; fr. ample, subcoriaceous, bipinnate ; rachises and costa
more or less downy ; prim.pinnce 1^ ft. 1. \pinril. 3-3± in. 1., sessile, oblong, acu-
minated, deeply, nearly to the costa, pinnatifid ; lobes linear-oblong, subfalcate,
the margins obscurely serrate, recurved ; sori rather copious and close to the
costule, not extending to the margin ; invol. dark-brown, firm, and persistent,
lax, often splitting at the back and spreading or bifid, to all appearance covering
the whole eorus in an early stage. — Hk. Sp. I. p. 21. and Ic. PL t. 023. Am-
phicosmia, Moore.

Hab. Brazil. — I scarcely think it correct to refer this to the Amphicosmia section of
Hemiteiia, as Mr. Moore has done ; but, indeed, both the genera and species of Cyathe-
aceous ferns present great difficulties in the way of accurate determination. Beyrich
looked upon this Fern as an Alsophila ; but that it cannot be,

IB. C. vestita, Mart. ; "fr. bipinnate ; st. and rachis shortly and sharply
aculeated ; partial racMs and veins with rusty hairs ; pinnl. pubescenti-villous
beneath, linear-acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, the lobes falcato-lanceolate, acute,
crenulate with G-10 sori in each."— Mart. Ic. PL Cr, p. 75. t. 52, C. Delgadii,
Pohl (Moore').

Hab. Brazil, Martins, PohL, Gardner, n. 1907 (Moore). — There seem to be no tangible
characters to mark this species, if such it be.

19. C. hirtula, Mart. ; "fr. bipinnate ; st. sharply aculeate and the rachis villous
with brownish hairs and sparingly paleaceous ; pinnl. slightly pubcscenti-hirsute
on both sides, linear, acute, pinnatifid ; the lobes ovato-lanceolate, rather obtuse,
subcrenulate or entire ; sori in each segment few and basal." — Mart. 1. c., p. 70.
t. 53. Hk. Sp. p. 20. . -

Hab. Brazil, Martins. Guiana, R. Sclwmburgk, n. 1124« (according to Kunze and
Moore). — Unknown to me.

20. C. Fchanschin, Mart ; "fr. bipinnate ; st. and rachis sharply aculeated, and,
as well as the rachis and -veins, strigoso-villous ; pinnl. downy, linear, cuspidato-
acumiuate, pinnatiiul ; lobes linear-oblong, obliquely rotundate, subcrenulate ;

20 4. CYATHEA.

sari 6-10 in each segment." — Mart. 1. c.,p. 77. t. 54. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 20. C. oligo-
carpa, Kze.

Hab. Brazil, Venezuela, Peru, Mexico, Guatemala, Salvin & Godman, n. 358 ? and
14 ?. — Martius has well represented in his plate the copious, glossy, ferruginous scales
which clothe the nascent frond (t. 54, f. 1), of which the author lakes no notice in his
diagnosis. In the absence of these on our copious specimens, named and unnamed, I could
not refer to any essential distinguishing character. Among our thus authenticated speci-
mens are Fendler's, n. 54, and Sellow, from Herb. Reg. Bras. — Such good figures as those
of Martius must not be thought light of ; but even they require to be accompanied by
good diagnoses, and, unless they are specially well-marked species, with some notice
also of the affinities.

21. C. Sprucei, Hk. ; caud. 15 ft. high; st. stout, furfuraceous brown, 1 ft. 1.,
bearing " long, slender, exceedingly fragile aculei," mixed with strong black
spines 1-3 lines 1., with a broad dilated base ; base of the st. clothed with very
long, silky or woolly, deciduous, crinite, pale scales, which have a dark line down
the centre ; fr. 5 ft. 1., lanceolate, bipinnate, glabrous or only slightly pubescent
on the costse, subrigido-coriaceous ; prim, pinnae 1-2 ft. 1., oblong, acuminate ;
pinnL approximate, horizontal, 2 in. 1., subsessile, narrow-oblong, deeply pinna-
tifid ; lobes narrow, ovate, acute, the margins slightly recurved, entire ; sori very
copious ; invol. fragile, breaking into irregular lobes.

Hab. Ecuador, Montana di Canelos, and Tungaragua, alt. 4,000-6,500 ft. ; and Chim-
borazo, alt. 3,000-4,000 ft., Spruce, n. 5744. — This I at first took for C. Schanschin, but
the stipes (a portion of a tree-Fern too much neglected by plant-collectors in general) is
quite different.

22. C. Mezicana, Schlecht. ; unarmed ; rachis and costa above pubescenti-
scabrous ; fr. bipinnate ; pinnl. lanceolate, acuminate, 3-4 in. 1., pinnatifid,
glabrous ; lobes oblong, slightly falcate, rather obtuse, serrated ; sori chiefly at
the lower half of the lobe, on the back of a simple vein or at the forking of a
divided vein ; invol. very thin and membranaceous, fragile, and soon obliterated.
—Schlecht. in Linn. 5. p. 616. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 15. C. denudans, Kze. and C.
hexagona, Fee (Moore}.

Hab. Mexico. — I find this species "to have the sorus sometimes on the back of a single
vein, and sometimes on the fork of a vein, so that there is no reason to separate this
species, as some authors have done, from the great mass of Cyailme which have bi-tripin-
nate fronds, with which, too, it is naturally allied. Presl. gives a figure of the venation
(Tent. Pterid. t. 1. f. 8), but only represents the simple form, with dorsal sori.

23. C. Gardneri, Hk. ; fr. bipinnate ; st. and main rachis nearly glabrous ;
pinnl. gradually and at the apex much acuminated, pinnatifid ; lobes oblong,
erecto-patent, obtuse, falcate, serrated, villous beneath, especially on the costa
and veins, lowest inferior one adnato-decurrent ; sori covering the whole under-
side of the lobe ; invol. almost globose, pale-brown, opaque, with a dark mam-
millate apex, at length bursting with a small aperture at the top. — Hk. Sp. p. 21.
t. 10. A. (where, for Tab. X. A. read Tab. X. B.).

Hab. Brasil, Gardner. — A species of peculiar aspect, and remarkable for the adnate
and subdecurrent base of the pinnules. The involucres seem also to be unusually per-
sistent.

24. C. ebenina, Karst. ; st. paleaceous below with large, lanceolate, glossy,
firm, acuminated scales, dark in the centre, and slightly asperous (scarcely
aculeate) ebeneous-black, as well the principal rachises ; fr. glabrous, 5-6 ft. 1.,
firm-membranaceous, bipinnate ; prim, pinnae 12-14 in. 1. ; pinnl. distant, all
rather long-petiolate, 3 in. 1., from a broad, oblong base, acuminate, pinnatifid,
deeply so and subpinnate below ; lobes broad, obtuse, serrate ; sori rather sparse ;
invol. with the cup breaking into unequal lobes. — Karst. Fl. Golumb. p. 3. t. 2.
and t. 100. /. 2. (caudex.}

Hab. Columbia, alt. 15,000 ft., Moritz, in lib. Noslr. — A very well-marked species ;

4. CYATHEA. 21

in its much- petiola ted pinnules resembling some species of IJemitelia. Caudex 18 ft. high,
very slender, denudate.

25. C. microphylla, Mett. ; caud. 4 ft. high ; st. and rachises very deciduously
ferrugineo-tomentose ; fr. 2-3 ft. long, oblong-ovate, acuminate, tripinnate ;
prim, pinnae sessile, broad-oblong, acuminate ; second, ones similar to them but
smaller, crowded ; pinnl. small, scarcely 2 lines 1., ovato-oblong, deeply pinna-
tifid ; lobes oblong, obtuse, single-veined, entire ; sorus solitary at the base of the
veinlet ; invol. globose, breaking irregularly into 3-4 portions. — Mett. in Lechl. F.
Per. p. 23 ; Hk. 2nd Cent, of Ferns, t. 99.

Hab. Andes of Peru and Ecuador, Lechler, Jameson, Spruce. — A remarkable and
most distinct species, with very compound fronds, and the smallest pinnules of any
species of the genus.

ft /Species of tropical and subtropical Africa, including the adjacent islands,
Madagascar, Mauritius, Bourbon, Seychelles, SfC. Sp. 26-34.

26. C. Dregei, Kze. ; unarmed, or only rough with small tubercles at the base
of the St., and there paleaceous with rather large, lanceolate-subulate, glossy,
ferruginous scales ; fr. bipinnate ; pinnl. sessile, 2-3 in. 1., glabrous or a little
arachnoid at the base beneath, narrow-oblong, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid ;
lobes oblong-ovate, subfalcate, obtuse, more or less serrated ; invol. fragile,
opening at the top and forming a cup with a small slightly irregular margin. —
Hk. Sp. -[.p. 23. t. 10. B. and t. 17. A. (lobes more serrated). C. Burkei, Hk.
Sp. 1. 1. 17. B. ; lobes of the pinnules rather broader.

Hab. S. E. Africa, Natal, Macalisberg, as far as the Zambesi ; Moramballa, alt.
3,000 ft., Livingstone, Kirk ("caudex 4 ft. high").— The only Cyathea, I believe, inha-
biting South Africa, but not extending to the extreme south.

27. C. Manniana, Hk. ; caud. 30 ft. 1. ; st. and rachises pale-brown, glossy,
muricate, glabrous ; fr. subcoriaceous, glabrous, tripinnate ; prim, pinnce 2 ft. 1.,
8 in. w. ; second, pinnce | in. w., sessile oblong, pinnatifid only towards the
narrow acuminated apices ; pinnl. narrow-oblong, falcate, acute, serrated ; veins
forked, not prominent ; sori rather large, few, mostly on the lower half of the
pinnl., and mixed with ovate, fringed scales ; invol. lax, deep-cupshaped, but
breaking down at the margin, and subpersistent.

Hab. Fernando Po and Cameroon Mountains, alt. 3-4,000 ft., G. Mann. — Quite
different from any other tropical African Cyathea I am acquainted with.

28. C. Welwitschii, Hk. ; caud. 20-25 ft. 1. ; st. scarcely any (2-3 in. 1. in
my specimens), as thick as a swan's quill, castaneous, paleaceous, with large,
subulate, firm, glossy scales, tuberculato-muricate, as is the base of the rachis, the
rest glabrous ; rachis also castaneous ; fr. 3 ft. and more 1., subcoriaceous, very
dark-green and slightly hairy above, paler and more villous with spreading
hairs beneath, ovato-lanceolate, contracted below and there bearing numerous
dwarfed pinnce, bipinnate ; prim. pinn. 6 in. 1., 1 in. w., sessile, pinnatifid only at
the short acuminate apex ; pinnl. and lobes very patent, oblong and obtuse, sub-
falcate, strongly crenato-serrate ; veins prominent beneath, forked ; sori mostly
near the base of the pinnl. at the forking, and near the costule ; invol. shallow-
cupshaped (possibly imperfect), surrounding the whole base of the sorus ; costce
on both sides densely and subferruginously villous.

Hab. W. Africa, Island of St. Thomas, in the Bight of Biafra, alt. 3-7,000 ft., Welwitsch,
n. 66, G. Mann. — Remarkable for the contraction of the lower portion of the frond,
formed by dwarfed pinnae, which extend nearly to the base of the stipes : thus the fronds
are subsessile.

29. C. Camerooniana, Hk. ; st. 1-2 ft. and more 1., paleaceous with appressed,
subulate scales at the base, scarcely asperous, and, as well as the rachis (p&leaceo-
hirsute upwards only) rufo-castaneous ; fr. 4 ft. or more 1., 14-16 in. w., sub-
coriaceo-membranaceous, bipinnate, quite glabrous, above dark green, paler

22 4. CYATHEA.

beneath ; the costce and costiiles paleaceo-hirsute on both sides ; pinnae 6-8 in. 1.,
sessile, oblong acuminate, pinnated, or very deeply pinnatifid nearly to the
costa ; pinnl. or lobes 7-8 lines 1., obtuse, subfalcate, serrato -dentate ; veins
forked ; sori at the fork ; invol. very thin, membranaeeous, fugacious, leaving a
shallow ragged cup, most permanent at the inferior side.

Hab. Cameroon Mountains, alt. 3-4,000 ft., O. M ann.— Habit, of C. Welwitschii, but
not tubercled on the i;achis, quite glabrous on the fronds, except on the costse and
costules ; and the lower pinnae are not dwarfed.

30. C. Angolensis, Welw ; " caud. 12-15 ft. 1., 8 in. in diam. ; fr. 6-8 ft. 1."
(probably including the St., which in the specimens is 1| ft. or more, castaneous.
slightly muricato-tuberculate and fusco-paleaceous at the base, the rest smooth),
bipinnate, glabrous, subcoriaceo-membranaceous, paler and subglaucous beneath ;
prim, pinnce \\ ft. and more 1., oblong-acuminate ; pinnl. 3 in. 1., sessile, oblong.,
pinnatifid nearly to the base, sometimes ferrugineo-tomentose in the axils, deeply
and nearly to the rachis pinnatifid (subpinnate at the very base) ; lobes oblong,
subfalcate, obtuse, the margin a little thickened, subserrate ; sori at the forking
of the veins, chiefly on the lower half of the lobe and near the costule ; invol. cup-
shaped, short, but broken down and sublobed at the margin. — Welw. Phys.-
Geoff r. in Ann. Cons. Ultram. 1858, p. 358.

Hab. Benguilla, distr. Huilla, Trop.W. Afr., alt. 3,500-5,550 ft. ; very rare, Wdwitsch,
n. 186 and 83. — The sori are rather old, and the involucres do not probably represent their
earlier form.

31. C. KirJcii, Hk. ; main rachis unarmed, and, as well as the second, ones, deci-
duously pubescent and paleaceo-crinite with subulate, often spreading, black
scales, pale at the margin ; fr. firm-membranaceous, dark-green, a little paler
beneath, glabrous, hirsutulous on the costse on both sides ; prim.pinnas 22 in. 1.,
8 in. w., oblong-acuminate ; pinnl. ^-f in. w., oblong, rather suddenly acuminate, ,
deeply pinnatifid (almost pinnate) ; lobes or ult. pinnl. approximate, oblong, obtuse,
slightly crenate ; veins forked ; sori near the costule, and in my solitary specimen •
near the base of the lobe ; invol. membranaeeous, breaking down into irregular lobes,
but with the largest lobe generally at the inferior base of the sorus, hence some-
what hemitelioid.

Hab. Johanna Island, alt. 2,000 ft., Dr. Kirk. — Unwilling as I am to found a new
species on a mere fragment, though perfect in itself, I am, on the other hand, very
unwilling to leave unnoticed a tree-Fern from so little known a country as Johanna
Island.

32. C. Seclidlarum, Mett. ; st. tuberculato-asperous, and, as well as the main
rachis, ebeneous-purple ; fr. subcoriaceous, glabrous, dark-green above, paler
beneath ; prim, pinnce l|-2 ft. L, 8-9 in. w. ; pinnl. 6-8 lines w., oblong, acu-
minate, deeply pinnatifid ; lobes linear-oblong, acute, falcate, serrated ; veins j
distinct, forked ; sori mostly in the lower half of the lobes, and near the costule ; J
invol. membranaeeous, Dat'eriform, persistent. — Mett. in Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot*
L. Bat. 1. p. 58.

Hab. Seychelles, Perville, n. 365, bis, and 76a (ex Herb. Mus. Par. in Hb. Nostr.
since received from Sivinburne Ward, Esq. (No. 2). — My own specimens are from the same
source as those described by Mettenius, who observes that the species has the habit of
C. spinulosa, Wall, (from India), but the frond is coriaceous, the rachis muricate, not
spinulose, the invol. entire, persistent, not soon breaking down into fragments.

33. C. excelsa, Sw. ; unarmed ; fr. bipinnate, coriaceo- membranaeeous ; prim,
pinnce 2 ft. L, 6-8 in. w. ; pinnl. 3-4 in. 1., ^ in. w., sessile, deeply pinnatifid, sub-
pinnate at the base ; lobes oblong, obliquely subacute, serrated, scaleless ; veins
once forked near the base ; sori in the fork near the costa ; involf membranaeeous,
very glossy, fragile, bursting irregularly into lobes, rarely sub-2-valved. — I
3p. l.p. 24. t. 12. 13.

Hub. Bourbon aud Mauritius.

4. CYATHEA. 23

34. C. canaliculata, W. ; unarmed or indistinctly tuberculate ; fr. glabrous,
bipinnate ; prim, pinnae 8-18 in. ]., oblong, acuminate, bipinnate, pinnatifid at
the apex ; pinnl. sessile, 1-1 J in. I., oblong, subacute, entire or serrated ; veins
copious, twice or thrice forked ; sori copious near the costa ; invol. at first globose,
then breaking down into 3-4 tolerably regular lobes ; st. and the stout main rachis
brown or purple-black. — Rk. Sp. 1. p. 23. t. 11. B. — ]3 latifolia ; larger pinnL
broader.—/^. Fil p. 24. t. 13. A.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon ; Madagascar, Neivton. — It is possible that this may have
tripinnate fronds, but my numerous specimens are not large enough to indicate if it be so.
The species is very distinct, but varies much in the s^ze of the pinnules.

ff Species of India, including Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula and Islands.
Sp. 35-45.

35. C. spinuloscty Wall. ; st. and main rachis strongly aculeated, often dark-
purple ; fr. glabrous, ample, subflaccid ; pinnl. oblong, acuminate ; lobes acute,
serrulate, small bullate scales on the costules beneath ; sori copious, close to the
costules ; invol. globose, very thin, membranaceons, fragile, soon breaking irre-
gularly.— Watt. Cat. n. 178.* Hk. Sp. I. p. 25. t. 12. C.

Hab. Continent of India generally. Ousima, S. Japan, C. Wright, in lib,. Nostr.

36. C. crenulata, Bl. ; unarmed ; fr. bipinnate, subcoriaceous ; pinnl. oblong,
lanceolate, short-acuminate, 2-3 in. 1., dark, livid green, paler beneath, minutely
chaffy at the costse ; lobes approximate, oblong, subacute, subfalcate, crenulato-
serrate ; sori close to the costa ; invol. membranaceous, pale or chestnut-brown,
fragile, soon breaking into very irregular lobes. — HJc. Sp. 1. p. 25. Mett. in Miq.
Ann. Mus. Bot. L. Bat. 1. p. 56. C. excelsa, Kze.

Hab. Java. — This presents no very striking specific character. Mettenius, who gives
a very full description, 1. c. , remarks, " Indusio conditione et consistentia ab speciebus
antecedentibus diversa ; viz. C. Javanicci, Korthcdsii, hymenodes, Zollinyeriana, orientalis,
and SecheUarum."

37. C. Javanica, Bl. ; " arboreous, unarmed ; fr. bipinnate, subcoriaceous ;
pinnl. lanceolate, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, bullato-squamulose at the base of
the costa ; lobes linear-subfalcate, obtuso-crenulate or entire, plane ; sori 2-5,
parallel to the costa ; second, rachis paleaceo-tomentose ; prim, one asperulous,
with minute bristles."— £/. En. p. 245. Hk. Sp. I. p. 26. Mett. in Miq. Ann. Mus.
Bot. L. Bat. 1. p. 56.

Hab. Java, Sumatra. — Mettenius describes the involucres as rigidly membranaceous,
but breaking down into a nearly plane circular base : this is true in some of my authentic
•'pecimens ; in others it breaks into unequally-lobed cups. Notwithstanding the careful
lescriptions of Dr. Mettenius of the Malayan species of Cyathea, I fear we have yet much
io learn with regard to their limits.

38. C. integra, J. Sm. ; unarmed ; fr. firm-membranaceous, brownish-green,
laler beneath, glabrous ; prim, pinnae ample, 1^ ft. 1. ; pinnl. sessile or petiolate,
3-5 in. L, from a subtruncated base oblong-acuminate, pinnatifid -|-f of the way
;o the costa,*broad-oblong, subfalcate, acute, serrated ; sori in 2 series, intermediate
>etween the costule and margin ; invol. pale-membranaceous, breaking down into
i persistent, lobed cup. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 26 ; and in Ic. PL 7. t. 638. Mett. in Miq.,
. c., 1. p. 55.— j3 petiolata, Hk. Ic. PL 7. t. 638. /. 2. C. petiolata, J. Sm.

Hab. Amboyna, and Philippine Islands.

39. C. Sarawakensis, Hk. ; caud. 12 ft. 1. ; gen. and part, rachises smooth and
;lossy ; fr. ample, glabrous, subcoriaceous, bipinnate ; prim, pinnce distant, peti-
>late, 20 in. 1. or more, 6 in. w., broad-oblong, pinnatifid only at the acuminated
ipices ; pinnl. numerous, approximate, horizontal, sessile, 4-6 lines wide, oblong-
icuminate, crenato-serrate, obliquely cuneate at the base ; veins approximate,
)i-trifurcate ; sori dorsal or, rarely in the axils of the veins, globose ; invol. a thin,

24 4, CYATHEA.

fragile membrane, at first covering the whole sorus, breaking down into irregular
lobes.

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo, Thos. Lobb, n. 166. — Apparently a very distinct species, which

1 only possess from the above locality.

40. C. assimilis, Hk. ; caud. 20 ft. high ; st. bright chestnut, slightly muricated
and fringed on one side with long, ferruginous scales ; fr. ample, coriaceo-mem-
branaceous, bi-tripinnate ; prim, pinnae nearly 1 ft. 1., 3-4 in. w., broad-oblong
acuminate, petiolate, glabrous ; pinnl. and prim. sup. pinnae deeply, almost to the
costa, pinnatifid (lowest inf. lobe always the smallest), from 4-5 lines L, oblong,
very obtuse, subfalcate, coarsely toothed ; sup. rachis and underside of the costa
subsquamose ; veins simple or once or twice forked ; sori dorsal or, in the axis of
the fork, subglobose ; invol. at first entire, very thin and filmy, breaking down
into very irregular lobes.

Hab. Hills, Sarawak, Borneo, T. Lobb, n. 168. — This has much the general aspect
of Alsophila squamulata (Gymnosphera, £1.), but is more compound, and has the true
involucre of a Cyathea.

41. C. Lobbiana, Hk. ; fr. ample, subcoriaceous, pinnate, pinnatifid at the:
acuminated apex, everywhere smooth, glabrous, and destitute of scales ; pinna
petiolate ; inferior ones (the largest of our specimens) 9-10 in. 1., 2-2^ in. w.J
oblong, deeply acuminate nearly to the rachis, pinnatifid, or pinnate onfy at thai
very base ; lowest inferior pinnl. always the smallest ; lobes or pinnl. horizontal
spreading, obtuse, obscurely serrated ; super, pinnce gradually smaller, obtuse
sessile ; veins distinct, approximate, simple or forked ; sori globose, dorsal, 01
rarely in the axil of the veins, in 2 rows, one on each side the costule ; invol. a
very thin, delicate membrane, at first investing the whole sorus, at length deli-
quescent, as it were, at the summit, and breaking down irregularly.

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo, T. Lobb. — My largest pinnse have a very close affinity witi
those of Alsophila alternans; but here is a most distinct though almost filmy involucre.

42. C. hymenodes, Mett. ; glabrous ; prim, rachis dark purple-brown, subas-
perous ; pinnl. 3 in. L, oblong, acuminate, sessile, subcoriaceous, dark lurid green
on both sides ; costce beneath minutely and sparsely scaly ; lobes very compact
so as to close the sinus, oblong-falcate, very obtuse, obscurely serrate ; sori K
the base of the lobes, few, close to the costule ; " invol. membranaceous, fragilr
soon breaking down and falling away." — Mett. in Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. L. Bat
p. 57.

Hab. Sumatra, Korthals. — My authentic specimen has the sori far advanced anc
imperfect. May it not rather be an Alsophila ?

43. C. orientalis, Moore (name only) ; rachises scarcely punctato-muricate ;
ample, coriaceous, black-green, paler beneath, glabrous, bi-tripinnate ; prim.pinn<t

2 ft. 1. ; pinnl. 3-4 in. 1., 6-7 lines w., sessile, oblong-lanceolate, suddenly caudate
acuminate (acumen serrated), deeply near to the costa pinnatifid ; costce beneatl
ferrugineo-furfuraceous ; lobes linear-oblong, subfalcate, the margin serrated am;
recurved ; sori copious, close to the costule which they quite conceal ; invol. dark-
brown, firm-membranaceous, persistent, cupshaped, subglobose, rich chestnut-
brown, the mouth a little contracted, perfectly orbicular and even at the edge. —
Mett. in Miq. Ann. Bot. L. Bat. I. p. 38. C. arborea /3 pallida, IfassL

Hab. Java, Zippel, Zollinger, De Vriese, n. 98,118, 130. — It is no wonder that Hasskar
was disposed to consider this a var. of C. arborea, of the W. Indies : the involucre form;
an equally perfect cup, which seems to persist in that state without ever becoming
fragmentary.

44. C. arachnoidea, Hk. ; all the rachises dark-coloured and opaque, muricatct
with short, black, sharp spines, and clothed with rusty tomentum ; fr. tripinnatc
firm-coriaceous, glabrous above, cobwebby beneath ; second, pinnce 4-4\ in. 1.
% in. w., oblong, pinnate, pinnatifid only near the narrow acuminated apex ; pinnf

4. CYATHEA. 25

scarcely 3 lines 1., from a broad base linear, acute, subfalcate ; veins sunk, incon-
spicuous ; sori near the middle of the pinnl., occupying the whole space between
the costule and the recurved margin ; invol. thin-membranaceous, white and
delicate, breaking into variously lobed and laciniated segments.

Hab. Island of Ternate, De Vriese & Teijsmann, n. 1141. — Judging from the solitary
but very perfect specimen in my possession, this is a very distinct species.

45. C. Korthalsii, Mett. \fr. bipinnate, subcoriaceo-membranaceous, dull green ;
jyrim. pinnae 1 ft. 1. ; pinnl. sessile, 2-2^ in. 1., \ in. w., oblong, acuminate, sparingly
bullato-paleaceous beneath ; lobes narrow-oblong, obtuse, scarcely serrate, subfal-
cate ; sori more or less copious, chiefly in the lower part of the lobe close to the
costule ; invol. firm-membranaceous, breaking firstly at the summit, at length
falling away in fragments. — Mett. in Miq. Ann. Mm. Bot. L. Bat. 1. p. 57.

Hab. Sumatra, KortJials ; Java (ex Herb. Miquel.) . — My named specimens from
Sumatra have old fructifications : those from Java (without name) have the involucres
exactly as described by Mettenius. Perhaps too near his Hemitelia (not Cyathea) crenulata.

fft Species of Australia, N. Zealand^ and the Pacific Islands ; these latter 9 of
the N. Pacific, may be expected occasionally to extend to the Malay Archipelago and
Peninsula. Sp. 46-55.

46. C. Lindsayana, Hk. ; main and second, rachises quite unarmed ; fr. mem-
branaceous, glabrous, except on the costce and costules which are subvillous and
have many scattered, small, bullate scales ; prim, pinnce 2 ft. ]., pinnate nearly to
the apex ; pinnl. 3-4 in. 1., oblong, acuminated, deeply pinnatifid ; lobes oblong,
subfalcate, serrated ; sori on the lower half of the lobes on the forking of the
veins ; invol. globose, firm-membranaceous, brown, opening with a circular, rather
small and jagged mouth.

Hab. N. E. Australia, Mr. Lindsay, Walt. Hill.— The first true Cyathea found in
Australia. My specimens are very perfect as far as the primary pinnae and fructifications
are concerned. It might pass for a membranaceous form of 0. Javanica; but the cup-
furmed involucre is much more permanent.

47. C. medullaris, Sw. ; caud. lofty ; st. glaucous-black, and the rachises muri-
cated with short, spinous tubercles ; fr. ample, bi-tripinnate, coriaceous ; second,
pinnce 5-6 in. 1., f-1 in. br., deeply pinnatifid or again pinnate ; pinnl. or segm.
oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse, coarsely serrated in the sterile specimens, lobato-
pinnatifid in the fertile ones, with the margins re volute ; sori one to each lobule
of the pinnl. or lobe, intermediate between the subpaleaceous costule and the
margin ; invol. firm, membranaceous, brown, soon breaking open irregularly at the
apex with an irregular, often 2-lobed, margin (young/r. densely-paleaceous, with
soft, deciduous hairs). — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 27, and Gard. Ferns, t. 25.

Hab. N. Zealand. — A Fern similar to this, but differing chiefly in the ultimate pinnules
or lobes bearing sori, is found in Norfolk and other of the Pacific Islands, which may
possibly prove distinct : this is the C. Mertensiana, Bong., and perhaps the C. extensa,
Sw. & Sc/ik. Fit. p. 127. t. 132. In our dried native specimens of C. medMans, the
stipes and main rachises are often pale-brown. — See C. affinis, our n. 54.

48. C. Cunningham*, Hk. f. ; caud. 12-15 ft. 1. ; st. and main rachises stra-
mineous and asperous ; fr. subcoriaceous, but flaccid (" soft, withering on the
trunk"), tripinnate ; prim, pinnce 1^-2 ft. 1. ; second, ones 3-5 in. 1., f-1 in. w.,
oblong, acuminate, pinnatifid only at the apex ; lobes or ultimate pinnl. 4-6 in. 1.
linear, obtuse, pinnatifid some way down with great regularity ; lobules entire
veins forked ; sori one to each lobe, rather nearer the costule than the margin
invol. at first entire, globose, very thin, afterwards breaking down very irregularly
often leaving a large patent lobe or scale on the underside, as in Hemitelia ; costce
and costules villous and sparingly narrow-paleaceous.— HTc.fil. in Ic. PL t. 985.

Hab. N. Zealand.— Perhaps too near C. medullaris. I possess it among Forster's
plants from N. Zealand, as well as from Colenso and Allan Cunningham. It is well
represented in the Icones plant. I. c.

26 4. CYATHEA.

49. C. dealbata, Sw. ; unarmed or slightly asperous ; rachises and costce clothed
with pale, ferruginous, deciduous tomentum ; fr. subcoriaceous, bi-tripinnate :
pinnce oblong, acuminate, pure white beneath from the presence of a deciduous
powder, deeply pinnatifid or pinnate at the base ; lobes oblong, acute, falcate,
serrated ; sori copious, sometimes confined to the lower half of the lobes ; invol.
rather small, globose, membranaceous, fragile, soon breaking down in an irregular
manner, the base often remaining an orbicular membrane. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 27.
Rich. FL N. Zeal. p. 77. t. 10. — (3 subglaucous, but not white, beneath.

Hab. N. Zealand, where it seems generally to retain its pure white beneath. Penang,
Sir W. Norris, sterile. Lord Howe's Island (along with var. (3), Milne & McQilivray.
— This latter island may be reckoned as in the N. Zealand groupe.

50. C. Aneitense., Hk. ; unarmed ; main and second, rachises ebeneous, purple-
black, quite smooth ; fr. coriaceo-membranaceous ; prim, pinna? \-l\ in. 1., 4-5
in. w., sessile, or nearly so, oblong, shortly-acuminate, pinnatifid nearly to the
rachis ; lobes rather distant, oblong, acute, subserrated ; veins forked ; sori copious
intermediate between the costa and the margin ; invol. thin-membranaceous, per-
sistent, soon breaking down, and generally opening at the back so as to form a large,
lax, almost transparent, 2-lobed and ragged cup, often again irregularly lacerated ;
tilt, rachises and costce villous, with narrow scales.

Hab. Isle of Aneiteum, N. Hebrides, Milne, McG'iliway. Ternate, Herb. Hort. Gale.
— This is quite new, and not known, apparently, to Brackenridge.

51. C. nigricans, Mett. ; "fr. coriaceous, opaque, green above, paler beneath,
bipinnatisecto-pinnatipartite ; rachis unarmed, purplish, glossy ; prim, pinnce
subovato-lanceolate ; second, ones subsessile, elongato-oblong, acuminate, caudate
at the apex and sharply serrated, subglabrous above, beneath squamulose at the
costse and costules, with imbricated, white, bullate, ciliated scales ; lobes sub-
distinct, contiguous by the dilated base, elongato-oblong, subfalcate, attenuated
at the apex, obtuse or nearly so, serrated ; veins forked, rarely bifurcate ; sori
3-6 on each side the costule, the lowest ones distant from the costule, the rest near
to it ; recept. hemispherical ; parapJiyses few, filiform, curved, generally torulose,
formed of cells tumid in the middle, the terminal cell subglobose, or more or less
dilated." — Mett. in Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. L. Bat. 1. p. 36.

Hab. " Ualan, of the Caroline Islands, Mertens." — Unknown to me.

52. C. leucolepis, Mefct. ; unarmed, and hairy only on the costce above ;fr. ample,
firm-membranaceous, bipinnate, lurid-green, paler beneath ; prim, pinnce l^in. 1. ;
pinnl. sessile or subpetiolate, paleaceous, with whitish bullate scales on the costse
and costules beneath, 3-4 in. 1., from a broad base 1 in. w. (narrowest on the
inferior side), oblong, suddenly acuminate, pinnatifid f of the way to the
costule ; lobes oblong, obtuse, subfalcate, subentire ; veins all forked at the middle,
distant ; sori copious, rather distant, and forming a line on each side between the
costule and the margin ; invol. rather firm-membranaceous, of the same lurid-
green as the frond, long - persistent, then breaking away at the summit, and
eventually forming irregular lobes. — Mett. in Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. L. Bat. 1, 1. c.,
p. 56. C. Brackenridgii, Mett., 1 c.

Hab. Samoan Islands, Powell. Fiji, Harvey, Powell, n. 20 ; Aneiteum and Saloman's
groupe (Mettenius), Brackenridge ?, Milne. — Caudex 6 ft. high, 2 in. in diam. (Powell).
—This appears to be a good species, or it may be the C. affinis, Brack., if so, scarcely
of Swartz.

53. C. Milnei, Hk. ; caud. 30 ft. L, 9 in. diam. ; fr. subcoriaceous, dark
blackish-green above, paler beneath ; rachises palish-brown, asperous, woolly,
as well as the under side of the pinnce, near their base, with copious, deciduous
tomentum ; pinnce l|-2 ft. 1., 6-10 in. w. ; pinnl. elongato-oblong, deeply to the
costules pinnatifid ; lobes oblong, falcate, subobtuse, crenato-serrate, the margins
a little recurved ; sori copious, moderately large, mostly situated at the base of
the lobes, near the costule ; invol. membranaceous, rather firm, long-persistent

5. HEMITELIA, § EUHEMITELIA. 27

iii a cup-like form, with very irregular margins, occupying most of the breadth
of the lobes.

Hab. Sunday or Raoul Island (of the N. Zealand region), Milne & McGilivray). —
I give this as a new species with considerable hesitation. It has the deciduous wool of
C. dealbata (to which Mr. Moore is disposed to refer it), but the aspect rather of C. affinis,
of which, however, it wants the decided prickles.

54. C. affinis, Sw. ; st. and main rachis brown, strongly tuberculato-muricate ;
fr. amply firm-coriaceous, probably subcarnose in a recent state ; prim, pinnae
l|-2 ft. 1., 6-10 in. w. ; pinnl. sessile, J-l£ in. br., oblong-lanceolate, deeply to
the very costa pinnatifid, often towards the base again pinnate ; segm. ^-f in 1.,
oblong, falcate, obtuse, entire ; the ultimate pinnl., and generally the most fertile,
subpinnatifi do-serrate ; veins once or twice forked ; sort copious, rather nearer
the costule than the margin, compact to the apex ; invol. membranaceous, fragile,
breaking down from the apex in a very irregular manner ; costules beneath with
few small deciduous scales. — Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 140 and 358 ; Brack. Fil. p 283.?
Polypodium, Forst. C. extensa, Sw. Schk. Fil. t. 132. a-c. C. propinqua, Mett. ?

Hab. " Pacific Isles," Forster. Fiji, Brackenridge, Milne, Seemann. Lord Howe's
Island, Milne. Pitcairn's Island, Mathews, Owning (involucres rather more membrana-
ceous). Cape Otway Roughs, Victoria, Wilkinson, (Mueller}. — I possess a specimen of
this plant from Forster's Herbarium, but unnamed, and I believe it to be the true C.
affinis Sw., possibly the same as C. medullaris of N. Zealand.

55. C. Vieillardii, Mett. ; " unarmed ; fr. subcoriaceous, dark-green above,
densely hairy, rusty on the costcc and rachises, bi-subtripinnate ; prim.pinncel ft. 1. ;
second, ones sessile, ovato-oblong or lanceolate, deeply pinnatipartite, subpinnate
at the base, acuminate and obtusely serrate at the apex ; lobes oblong, obtuse or
acute, obtusely serrate ; sort at the forking of the veins, intermediate between the
costule and the margin ; invol. membranaceous, gradually breaking down and
disappearing (fatescens)."— Mett. Fil. N. Caled. Ann. tic. Nat. Bot. 1861, p. 82.

Hab. Balade, N. Caledonia, Vwillard. " Near D. Cunninghami (Hk. f.), which differs
in being rnuricated, the lobes sharply serrated, and in the sori being costular." — I have
•seen only a small specimen of this from M. Lenormand's collection.

GEN. 5. HEMITELIA, Br.

8ori globose, dorsal upon a vein or veinlet. Recept. elevated. Invol. a scale
situated on the underside of the sorus, varying in size, and shape, and texture,
often indistinct, and often very deciduous. — Mostly tropical and arbor escent,unth the
habit of Cy&thea, ; a connecting link, as it were, between the latter genus and Alsophila,
consequently often difficult to recognize. Fronds ample, pinnate or decompound.
Veins pinnated, simple or branched, free, or, the costal ones especially t more or less
TAB. I. f. 5.

§ Euhemitelia. Costal veins anastomosing. TAB. I. f. 5. b. Sp. 1-5.
* Pinnate. Sp. 1-5.

1. II. (Euhemit.) Karsteniana, Kl. ; st. muricated and scaly at the base ; scales
white, dark-brown in the centre ; fr. ample, coriaceo-membranaceous, pinnated ;
pianos sessile, a span to 1 ft. 1., H-2£ in. w., from a truncated base, elliptical,
short-acuminate, quite entire, or more or less lobed at the very margin ; sori
(when perfect) in two oblique lines, meeting towards the rachis, and forming a
series of the letter V between each pair of costules.— Kl. Bot. Zeit. 12. p. 439 ;
Mett. F. H. Lips. p. 111. t. 29. /. 1-4.

Hab. Caracas, Karsten, Fend/er, n. 386 Fund; n. 769.

2. II. (Euheimt.)^Mfo'wma, Kze. ; st. rough, but scarcely muricate ; fr. ample,
pinnate ; pinnce remote, subpetiolate, firm-membranaceous, from a cuneato-
truncated base, oblong or elliptico-lariceolate, finely acuminate, 10-12 in. 1. by
1-2 in. br., the margin inciso-lobate ; lobes 2-4 lines' 1., with generally an acute

5. HEMITELIA, § AMPHICOSMIA.

apex pointing upwards ; sori minute, in 2 irregular lines between each pair of
costules.— Kze. in B. Zeit. 1844, p. 296 ; Mett. Fil. Lechl. p. 23.

Hab. Tropical America (Pacific side), Peru, Poeppig, n. 244 (pinnae exactly lanceolate) ;
Andes of Ecuador, Spruce, n. 5365 (pinnae 2 in. br., elliptical, lanceolate, "caudex none ") ;
Guatemala, Forest of Vera Paz, Salvin (pinnae narrow, oblong, 1 in. w.). — This appears
to be a very distinct species. My specimen under this name from Lechler (Peru, n. 2172),
quite corresponds with my other specimens from Spruce and Salvin.

3. H. (Euhemit.) grandifolia, Spr. ; arborescent ; st. aculeated ; fr. ample, sub-
coriaceous, pinnated ; pinnce sessile, 1-1 \ ft. 1., elongato-oblong, acuminated, 1-2
in. br., ^ or f of the way to the costa pinnatifid ; lobes broad-oblong, obtuse,
serrated at the apex, slightly falcate ; sori on the free veins in a continued line,
intermediate between the costule and the margin, often nearer the latter. — Hk.
Sp. p. 30. t. 14. A. Cnemidaria Kohautiana, Pr. C. speciosa, Pr. — /3 smaller
pinnse, sori submarginal. H. obtusa, Klfs. — Hk. Sp. \.p. 29. t. 14. B.

Hab. W. Indies and N. Granada, Guiana ; abundant. Ecuador, Spruce, n. 536. —
Best distinguished from H. horrida by the smaller size, obtuse lobes, and non-marginal
sori. The anastomosing of the veins is very variable, present on some pinnae, absent on
others.

4. H. (Euhemit.) horrida, Br. ; arborescent ; st. strongly acnleated, decidu-
ously scaly, and often woolly near the base ; fr. very large, 7-10 ft. 1., pinnate ;
pinnce sessile, 1-2 ft. 1., broad oblong-lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, lowest segni.
sometimes free ; lobes 3 in. 1., oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, entire or lubato-
pinnatifid ; veins pinnated, subfascicled ; sori on the free veinlets, forming a
continued line just within the margin. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 30. t. 15, and Fil. Ex. t. 69.
H. horrida, et Hookeri, Auct. — /3 Imrayana ; veins less branched, anastomosing
at the costa. H. Imrayana, Hk. Sp. \.p. 33, and Ic. PL t. 669.

Hab. W. Indies, New Grenada. — (3 Dominica, Peru, Lechler, Spruce; Ecuador,
Jameson. — I am satisfied that my H. Imrayana is only a small form of H. horrida.

** Bi-tripinnate. Sp. 5.

5. H. (Euhemit.) petiolata, Hk. ; young fr. and base of the aculeated st. clothed
with large, glossy, castaneous scales, pale at the edge ; fr. ample, bi-tripinnate,
pinnatifid at the apex ; prim, pinnce and pinnl. petiolated, ult. ones from a trun-
cated and usually broad base, 2-6 in. 1., oblong-lanceolate, more or less acumi-
nate, entire, or variously and more or less deeply pinnatifid, with rounded or
broad-oblong lobes, entire or slightly lobulate ; pinnl. with free venation, the
deeply pinnatifid ones with the costal veins angularly anastomosing ; sori forming
a beautifully continuous border at the very margin, and following all the sinu-
osities of the lobes. — Hook. Sp. I. p. 31. t. 16.

Hab. Isthmus of Panama, Sinclair, Fendler, n. 471 and 421, Seemann. Isle of Gor-
gone, Barclay. — This, in venation, is intermediate between the present and the following
section (Amphicosmia}.

§§ Amphicosmia. Feins all free. TAB. I. f. 5. a. Sp. 6-19.
* Pinnate. Sp. 6-9.

6. H. (Amphic.) speciosa, Hk. ; caud. 20-24 ft. high ; young fr. clothed with
glossy, castaneous scales which have a pale, very narrow fringe ; st. tuber-
culato-submuricate ; fr. ample, pinnate, very long, pinnatifid at the extremity ;
pinnce firm, membranaceous, satiny, 8-12 in. 1., 1-1^ in. w., elongato-ensiform,
acuminate, entire or merely sinuato-sublobate ; veins all pinnated ; veinlets
free ; sori arranged in a sinuous continued chain or line jnst within the margin.
—Hk. Sp. \.p. 28. t. 13, and F. Ex. t. 66. Cyathpa, H.'ji. A', (not Cnemidaria
speciosa Pr., which is H. grandifolia, and, as I believe, Grisebach's//.s/>m'0s«).
II. integrifol., Kl. Kze. and others.

Hab. New Grenada, Sclilim, n. 842 ; Fendler, n. 4G. — German botanists do not seem

5. HEMTTELIA, § AMPHICOSMIA. 29

agreed as to what is the true 0. speciosa of Humboldt. My specimens here characterized
sufficiently accord with the description in Willd. & H. B. K.

7. H. (Amphic.) Lindeni, Hk. ; fr. pinnate ; pinnae distant, tliin-membrana-
ceous, opaque, green above, subpetiolate, 6-12 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., from a cuneato-
truncate base, elongato-ensiform, finely acuminated, the margin pinnatifid or
incised, with rather acute, regular short lobes about 2 lines 1., the apex directed
upwards ; veins all pinnate, the branches free ; sori in 2-3 irregular lines or
series at the margin. — Hk, Ic. PI. t. 706.

Hab. Caraccas, Linden, n. 663. — Allied to H. speciosa, but much more freely and acutely
lobed on the margins of the pinnae, and with a very different arrangement of the sori.

8. H. (Amphic.) bella, Reichenb. f. ; " st. aculeated at the base ; " fr. ample,
subcoriaceous, glabrous, pinnated ; pinnae distant, petiolate, 1-1^ ft. 1., 1^ m> w-»
from a subcuneate base, elongato-oblong, obtusely acuminated, entire at the
apex, the rest pinnatifid ^ way to the costa, with very blunt, broad, ovate,
spreading, subserrated lobes; veins copiously pinnated, all free; sori quite
marginal, and forming a continuous single line, following the sinuosities of the
lobes to the apex of the pini\3e.—2teichenback,fil. in Mett. F. H. Lips. p. 110.

Hab. Caraccas (Mett.}. — Doubtless allied to our H. speciosa and Lindeni, but very
different in the coriaceous fronds and the deeply-lobed pinnatifid margins of the pinnae.
I only possess a garden specimen from Mettenius.

9. H. (Amphic.) apiculata, Hk. ; fr. glabrous, pinnate, pale-green, subcoriaceo-
membranaceous ; pinnae sessile, 10-12 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., elongato-oblong, finely
acuminate, deeply (beyond the middle) pinnatifid ; lobes f in. 1.. oblong, subfal-
cate, aristato-acurninate, subserrate ; sori small, forming a single line or series
much nearer the margin than the costule ; veins all pinnated and free.

Hab. Mexico, Jurgensen, n. 273. — My specimen of 5 pairs of pinnae, partially fertile,
has very much the appearance of H. (Euhemitelia) grandifolia; but the lobes are sub-
mucronate and pungent at the apex, and the veins are everywhere quite free.

** Bi-tripinnate. Sp. 10-19.

10. H. (Amphic.) Copensis, Br. ; caud. 12-14 ft. high ; st. unarmed, scaly at
the base, and often bearing multifid anomalous pinnae (which have been mistaken
for some Trichomanes) \fr. ample, submembranaceous, bi-tripinnate ; prim.pinnce
petiolate, ovato-oblong ; pinnl. subsessile, 2-3 in. 1., 6-8 lines w., oblong-acumi-
nate, deeply pinnatifid, or again pinnate ; lobes linear-oblong, acute, strongly
serrated ; veins simple, 1 to each serrature ; sori frequently solitary at the base
of the lobe or pinnl., rarely 3-4, with a lax, deciduous scale at the base ; costae
and costules beneath with scattered, deciduous, bullate scales ; recept. large,
prominent.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 36. Amphicosmia riparia, Gardn. in L. J. Bot. 1.
t. 12 (excellent}.

Hab. South Africa ; Brazil ; Java, El. in Hb. nostr.

(Species of /S. America. Sp. 11-15.)

11. H. ( Amphic.) platylepisy Hk. ; st. stout, unarmed, clothed at the base with
very large, dark-brown, glossy scales, having a pale fringe at the margin ; fr.
ample, subcoriaceous, villous on both sides, tripinnate ; prim, pinnae 12-14 in. 1. ;
second, ones 2-3 in. 1., ^ in. w., again pinnated except at the very apex, oblong-
acuminate ; rachis very" hairy, slightly winged ; ult. pinnl. 3-4 lines long, oblong,
the margins recurved, inciso-serrate ; veins forked ; sori copious, 1 to each lobe
or serrature; invol. large, hemispherical, quite inferior. — Hk. 2nd Cent. F.
t. 100.

Hab. Kio Nigro, Brazil, Spruce, n. 3127.

12. A. (Amphic.) calolepis, Ilk. ; st. bright stramineous, tuberculated, the base
clothed with copious, white, imbricated, satiny wales, 1 in. and more 1., below

30 5. HEMITELIA, § AMPHICOSMIA.

subulate, with a brown line down the centre, much broader upwards ; fr. ample,
membranaceous, bright-green, bipinnate, glabrous but mealy, with small, white,
bullate scales on the costse and costules beneath ; prim, pinnae \\ ft. 1., broad
ovato-oblong ; pinnl. approximate, 4-5 in. 1., 1 in. w., deeply nearly to the costnle
pinnatifid ; lobes copious (lowest ones free), linear-oblong, obtuse, coarsely ser-
rated ; veins all forked ; sori (far advanced) small, at the forking of the veins,
mostly towards the costa, subtended by a broken invol., most conspicuous at the
inferior side. — " Hemitelia," Eat.

Hab. Cuba, C. Wright, n. 950. — Allied to A. platylepis, but very distinct.

13. H. (Amphic.) Wilsoni, Hk. ; caud. 12-14 feet high, rather slender ; st.
2% ft. 1. ; rachises everywhere glabrous and smooth, stramineous -brown ; fr.
12 ft. 1., 4| ft. w., membranaceous, bright-green, glabrous, bipinnate ; prim.pinnce
l|ft. 1., 4-5 in. br., oblong, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid at the apex ; pinnl.
oblong-lanceolate, horizontal, acuminate, sessile and adnate, pinnatifid only in
the middle (not deeply), regularly alternate ; superior ones slightly decurrent ;
lobes of the pinnse pinnatifid at the apex, quite entire, obtuse ; veins fasciculate-
pinnate, free ; sori small, forming a line equidistant between the costa and the
margin ; invol. membranaceous, pale-brown, permanent, irregularly yet often
2-lobed, and these lobes often spreading. — " Hemitelia 8p." Wils. in Herb, nostr.

Hab. Mansfield, near Bath, Jamaica, alt. 1,000 ft., Wilson, n. 731. — A very peculiar
and distinct species.

14. H. (Amphic.) Moricandiana, Kze. mst. ; caud. " 7-8 ft. high ; " rachises
everywhere unarmed, dark-brown \fr. ample, glabrous, subcoriaceous, bipinnate ;
prim.pinnce 12-14 in. and more 1., 6 in. br., petiolate, pinnate, pinnatifid above ;
pinnl. distant, sessile or subpetiolate, 3-4 in. 1., from a truncated or obliquely-
cuneate base, oblong, acuminate, pinnatifid about half-way to the costa with
triangular-ovate, obtuse, or acute, serrated lobes ; super, pinnl. Recurrent upon the
rachis ; veins free ; sori copious, forming a single series, generally on the forking
of a vein half-way between the margin and the costule ; invol. a small scale at
the base of the sorus. — Cyathea Moricandi, " Kze. Fil. Fl. Braz. ined."

Hab. Bahia, Blanchet, n. 3227 ; Brit. Guiana, Appun, n. 193. — This does not appear
to be hitherto anywhere described ; yet, it is perhaps too near some of the many forms of
H.

15. H. (Amphic.) Guianensis, Hk. ; st. muricate or aculeate ; fr. coriaceo-
membranaceous, bi-tripinnate, glabrous or (beneath especially) subhispido-hirsute ;
main rachises deciduously subulato-paleaceous ; super, rachises distinctly

winged ;

pinnl. sessile or petiolate, 3-5 in. or more 1., ^-f in. br., oblong-lanceolate, ending
in an entire more or less elongated acumen ; lobes ovate, obtuse, entire ; veins
forked ; sori few on each lobe in the forking of the veins, mostly nearer the costa
than the margin ; invol. variable, rather lax, often 2-3-lobed (rarely ciliated), the
base often extending round the sorns. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 31, and Ic. PI. 648. H. Host-
manni, Hk. Sp. p. 31, and Ic. PI. t. 646. H. Servitensis, Karst. Fl. Columb.
t. 95. — /3 Parkeri ; sori more copious, extending higher up the lobes. H. Parkeri,
Hk. Sp. 1. p. 32, and Ic. PI. t. 643. Alsophila oblonga?, Kl. in Hb. Hook. (Schomb.
n. 1125).

Hab. Guiana ; Para, Brazil, Spruce, n. 612 and 72 ?, and Tarapota, E. Peru, n. 4249,
4331, 4323, 4656, 4712, 4715, and 4717, and Ecuador, n. 5741 ?.— It is with reluctance,
and only after an examination of more perfect specimens, than I before possessed, that I
come to the conclusion that the above supposed species are slight varieties of one and the
same. Spruce's very fine and copious specimens have very strong spines on the stipes,
and very large, glossy, long-lanceolate scales, pale- coloured, but with a dark line down
the centre. The species appears to abound in Guiana, Caraccas, and the whole valley of
the Amazon, to Eastern Peru and Ecuador.

(Species of Ceylon, Pacific, India. Sp. 16-10.)
16. II. (Amphic.) Walkcrcc, Hk. ; st. unarmed or slightly muricated ;fr. ample,

6. ALSOPHILA. 31

bi-tripinnate, thick, firm, very coriaceous ; prim, pinnce 1^ ft. 1., second, pinnce
rather remote, 3-4 in. 1., deeply nearly to the costa pinnatifid, or again pinnate,
oblong, narrow-acuminate ; pinnl. or lobes oblong, very obtuse, entire or slightly
crenate, often deciduously scaly on the costule beneath ; veins copious, sunk,
forked once or twice ; sori occupying the lowest fork close to the costules ; invol.
large, hemispherical, inferior, at first covering the lower half of the sorus, then
more or less reflexed, and often 2-lobed. — Cynthea, Hie. Sp, \.p. 24, and Ic. PL
t. 047 ; Thw.En.Pl.CeyLp.3S6. Amphicosmia, Moore. Alsophila comosa /3,
Hk. Sp. 1. p. 53. not a. — (3 tripinnata; ult. pinnl. larger, lobulato-serrate.

Hab. Ceylon, to an alt. of 6,000 ft. — Our excellent friend Thwaites remarks that its
indusiutn "is very variable, sometimes hardly to be detected ;" and, indeed, while this
is in press, he sends me specimens, some of which might be referred to Hemitelia, some
to Alsophila, while others have the involucres nearly of Cyathea.

17. H. (Amphic.) denticulata, Hk. ; fr. ample, submembranaceous, bi-tripin-
nate, glabrous ; prim. pinnce 14-15 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., petiolate, dilated, and smaller
at the base of insertion on the main rachis, pinnate, pinnatifid at the acumi-
nated apex ; pinnl. 2-3 in. 1., ^ in. br., oblong, acuminate, pinnatifid about -|- way
to the costa, subsessile ; lobes broad ovato-oblong, denticulate-serrate ; veins pin-
nate, simple or forked, rather distant, about 4 on each side ; sori small, on the
back of the simple veins, or in the axil of the forked veins, nearer the margin
than the costule.

Hab. Elizabeth Island, S. Pacific, Cuming., n. 1360. — Readily distinguished in this
group by the membranaceous but firm texture of the fronds, the distant veins, and the
denticulate-serrated margins of the lobes.

18. H. (Amphic.) Smithii, Hk. ; "arboreous, unarmed ; st. below densely
crinite, with rigid, elongated, serrulated scales ; rachis and costa below sparsely
pilose, with lax, rufous, deciduous scales above, strigoso-villous ; fr. bipinnate";
prim, pinnce linear-elongate, acute, subfalcate, serrated or crenate, very glabrous,
the costules beneath paleaceous or pilose or glabrous ; sori on the forking of the
veins ; invol. hemispherical." — Cyathea, Hk.f. Fl. N. Zeal. 2. p. 8. t. 72.

Hab. N. Zealand, Rolfs.

19. H. (Amphic.) Junghuniana, Mett. ; "unarmed \fr. chartaceous or membra-
naceous, above deep-green, subglossy, paler beneath, at the costse sparingly clothed
with minute, flattish, adpressed, broadly-ovate, pale, ferruginous, deciduous scales ;

fr. bipinnatisecto-pinnatipartite ; prim. segm. 2 ft. 1., 6 in. w., subsessile, elongato-
acuminate ; second, ones 4^ in. 1., 8-10 lines w., elongato-oblong, crenulato-incised
or serrulate at the apex ; veins manifest, lax, 6-9 on each side, forked at the base ;
sori in the fork close to the costule, sometimes apart ; invol. squamiform, minute ;
recept. depresso-globose, here and there bifid ; parapliyses minute, partly piliform,
partly subulate."— Mett. in Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. L. Bat. 1. p. 55. Alsophila, Kze.
A. limulata, Bl.^ and Hemitelia Javanica, Pr. (f. Mett.}. Amphicosmia, Moore.

Hab. Java, Blame, in lib. nostr. ; Sumatra ; Antinanarivo, Madagascar ?, Metier. —
My specimens from Madagascar, if belonging to this species, are less coriaceous, and of
a paler, but livid, green colour, than those from the Malay Islands. Specimens named
in my Herbarium, from Blume and Miquel, are no doubt tbe true plant ; but I possess
other specimens which I am disposed to consider the same species, under different names.

GEN. 6. ALSOPHILA, Br.

Sori globose, dorsal, on a vein or in the forking of a vein. Recept. mostly
elevated, frequently villous. Tnvol. O. — Arborescent, chiefly tropical, Ferns, with the
general habit of Cyathea and Hemitelia, but destitute of invol. Veins simple or
forked, free. TAB. I. f. 6.

* {Species of S. America. Sp. 1-37.)
Pinnate or bipinnate, pinnl. entire or pinnatifid. Sp. 1-6.

32 G. ALSOPIIILA.

1 . A. blechnoides, Hk. ; fr. pinnate ; pinnae coriaceo-membranaceons, glossy,
0-12 in. ]., lanceolate, suddenly acuminate and serrate at the apex ; sori (mixed
with copious long hairs) scattered in very irregular lines near the costa, sometimes
extending towards the margin. — Hk.Sp. 1. p. 35. Metaxya, Pr. Polypod, Sw.
P. Parkeri, Hk. & Gr. Ic. F. t. 232.

Hab. W. Ind. and Trop. America.— Remarkable for the large nearly entire pinnae.

2. A. phegopteroides, Hk. ; caud. 3 ft. 1. ; St. unarmed, short, 3-4 in. 1., clothed
with large lanceolate, glossy, black scales having a pale margin ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1.,
subcoriaceous, black -green above, paler beneath, villous on both sides, especially
beneath, with long spreading hairs, broad-lanceolate, acuminate, pinnatifid at
the apex, lowest ones reflexed ; pinna? sessile, 3-4 in. 1., 8-9 lines w., oblong,
shortly and bluntly acuminated, deeply nearly to the costa pinnatifid ; lobes
oblong, very obtuse, entire, the margin a little recurved ; veins forked ; sori at
Ihe fork, in a line between the costule and the margin ; rachis and costce beneath
shaggy with whitish hairs, mixed with brownish, narrow scales.

Hab. Tarapota, E. Peru, Spruce, n. 4020. — A very peculiar species from the shortness
of the stipes, the simply pinnato-pinnatifid frond (resembling some Lastrea or Phegopteris),
and the hairy clothing, brown and shaggy beneath.

3. A. paleolata, Mart. ; "fr. bipinnato-partite, on both sides, but especially
beneath, pubescent ; veins and veinlets beneath densely clothed with ovate, white
scales ; st. and rachis aculeate ; common and partial 'rachi?, and veins strigillose
above; pinnce linear-oblong, shortly acuminated ; pinnl. linear, shortly acumi-
nated, pinnatifid, the apex serrated ; segm. linear-oblong, subfalcate, toothed in
the upper margin ; the ult. ones confluent, so as to form serrated pinnae ; sori
4-8, in the lower part of the segm., arranged in 2 rows." — Mart. Crypt. Bras. t. 43.
Hk. Sp. 1 . p. 44. Als. Sellowiana, Kl. Cyathea, Pr. Hk. Sp. \.p. 23. A. ferox,
y Hk.Sp. 1. p. 41.

Hab. Brazil ; N. Granada ; Peru, Lechler, n. 2190 ; Spruce, n. 4322.— Very faithfully
represented by Martius, and equally faithfully described ; but in my specimens the
scales (paleolae) are tawny and copious only on the immature fronds.

4. A. Tcenitis, Hk. ; fr. ample, coriaceo-membranaceous, bipinnate ; pinnl.
distant, 3-5 in. ]., lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, subentire, petioled ; petiole
articulated on the rachis ; sori in a single series, equidistant between the costa
and the margin, mixed with long, copious hairs. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 35. A. excelsa,
Mart. Or. Bras. t. 27 and 37. Trichopteris, Pr.

Hab. Brazil.

5. A. elegans, Mart. ; st. aculeated ; fr. bipinnate, carnoso-coriaceous ; pinnl.
distant, 2-2£ in. 1., linear-lanceolate, suddenly acute, obtuse at the base, petioled,
slightly ferruginously woolly and subpaleaceous beneath ; sori in 2 or 3 series,
forming an unequal, broad, and more or less interrupted series nearer the costa
than the margin. — Mert. PI. Cr. Bras. p. 63 and 38. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 36.

Hab. Brazil ; apparently rare.

6. A. marginalia, Kl. ; fr. ample, subcoriaceous, glabrous, bipinnate ; prim,
pinnce 12-14 in. 1., 4£ in. w., pinnated, pinnatifid at the apex, oblong, acuminate ;
pinnl. approximate, truncated at the base, quite sessile, oblong, subfalcato-obtuse,
entire, subsinuate at the margin ; sori in a single line, forming a flexuose conti-
nuous series a little within the margin ; prim, rachis very paleaceous. — Kl in
Linn. W. p. 542.

Hab. Brit. Guiana, R. Scliomlurylc, n. 1129. — A well-marked and very distinct species.
** Bi-tripinnate or decompound. Sp. 6-63.

7. A. Micrsii, Hk. ; racMs aculeate ; fr. firm-inembranaceous, bipinnate,
glabrous ; prim, pinnce 2 ft. or more ]., pinnated to the very apex ; pinnl.

6. ALSOPHILA. 33

remote, petiolate, 5-G in. ]., 5-6 lines w., spreading, linear-lanceolate, subflexuose,
finely acuminate, subirregularly pinnatifid about half-way to the costa ;
lobes ovate, entire ; veins pinnated ; veinlcts simple or rarely forked ; sori rather
copious, occupying the lower portion of the lobes half-way between the costule
and the margin ; recept. very hairy, very slightly elevated. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 38. "
Hab. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

8. A. procera, Klf. ; st. aculeated and paleaceous below with very large and
exceedingly glossy, dark brown scales; fr. submembranaeeous, bipinnate,
glabrous, pinnatifid at the apex ; prim, pinna? 1 ft. 1. or more, the rachis winged
above ; pinnl. 2-3 in. 1., from a truncated sessile base 4-5 lines w., oblong-
acuminate or obtuse, pinnatifid half-way down to the costa ; costce and costules
beneath bullato-squamulose ; lobes short subrotundate, often acute, mostly entire ;
veins simple ; sori small on all the lobes, between the costule and the margin. —
Mart. Cr. Bras. p. 64. t. 40 (o&y good). Hk. Sp. 1. p. 38. A. Hookeriana, KL
Hk. Sp. 1. p. 39. A. armigera, Kze. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 39.

Hab. Trop. America, frequent ; Brazil, Spruce, n. 2115 ; Venezuela, Fendler, n. 344
and 491 ; E. Peru, Spruce, n. 4715.

9. A. Schiedeana, Pr. ; "fr. ample submembranaceous, bipinnato-pinnatifid ;
pinnce and pinnl. alternate, remote, subsessile, the latter lanceolate, unequal at
the base, shortly acuminate, deeply pinnatifid ; segm. oblong, falcate, sinuato-
crenate, subdilatate and obtuse at the apex ; sori arranged between the costule
and the margin, small, somewhat apart; costce and costules sparingly fusco-
paleaceous ; part, and univ. rachises sulcated, fusco-tomentose above, 'beneath
aculeolate ; st. aculeate ; caud. arboreous." — Kze. in Linn. 13. p. 149. Hk. Sp.
1. p. 48. Polypod. ScJdecht.; an Als. ptmgens, Klf. ?

Hab. Mexico, ScMe.de, Liebmann, in lib. nostr. ; B. Guiana, Rd. Schomburgk (" Als.
pungens," Kl. in lib. nostr.) ; Amazon, Spruce, n. 2115. — Very near A. procera, but more
deeply pinnatifid, and with blunter lobes.

f 10. A. armata, Pr. ; "fr. bipinnato-partite ; st. aculeate ; rachises of the
pinna? aculeato-nodulose on both sides, together with the veins above hirsute ;
pinnce and pinnl. linear-lanceolate, acuminate, beneath hairy and paleolate,
subfalcate, rather obtuse, crenate ; sori 12-20 on the lobes." — Mart. Cr. Bras,
p. 73. t. 49 (A. Swartziana). Hook. Sp. 1. p. 40. Polypod. Sw.

Hab. S. America and W. Indies. — My numerous specimens sufficiently accord with
Martius's figure ; but neither that nor his description exhibits any marked feature by
which it can be distinguished from some of its allies.

11. A. Gardneri, Hk. ; aculeate; everywhere clothed with brownish woolly
hairs ; pinnl. lanceolate, acuminate, sessile, deeply pinnatifid nearly to the costa,
paleaceous with numerous small, bullate scales beneath ; lobes oblong, very
obtuse, entire, covered with sori even to the acuminated apices of the pinnules. —
Hk. Sp. I. p. 41.— j3 less hairy. Cyathea nigrescens, Kl. in Hb. nostr.

Hab. Brazil ; Caraccas, Birsliell. — Very hairy ; but my specimens are unsatisfactory.
It has some affinity with A. Poeppigii, and perhaps with A.plagiopteris: too hairy for
A. armata. — It must be confessed the aculeated S. American Alsophilw are in a state of
great confusion.

12. A. aspera, Br. ; st. and rachis strongly aculeated, main (sometimes strongly
aculeated too) and partial rac/iis above strigillose, slightly scaly beneath and on
the costa, the rest glabrous, often glossy ; fr. bipinnate, coriaceous ; pinnl.
shortly petiolate, oblong with an acuminated point ; pinnatifid ^ or f of the way
to the costa ; lobes oblong-ovate, often rather acutely serrulate ; costa and simple
or forked veins of the same colour and texture as the frond, bearing small,
deciduous, bullate scales beneath ; sori very deciduous, intermediate between the
costa and margin ; recept. elevated, with few hairs. — Hk. and Gr. Ic. F. t. 213-215.

E

34 6. ALSOPHILA,

Sp. 1. p. 39. t. 19. B. Cyathea muricata, Sieb. Klf. ? Als. nitens., J. Sm. (fide
Griseb.). A. gibbosa, Kl. (Moore).

Hab. W. Indies ; Cuba, C. Wright, with large, glossy, lanceolate scales at the base of
the stipes, 1 in. or more 1. — I fear different authors have different species in view under
the name of Als. aspera and muricata. See remarks in Sp. Fil. (I. c.), and consult the
W. Indian Alsophilce in Grisebach, the species of which I cannot match with my speci-
mens. It is necessary for an author, therefore, to be very cautious in quoting synonyms
and localities. A reference to good figures is better than to the most laboured descrip-
tions, often made from imperfect specimens.

13. A. ferox, Pr. ; more or less hirsute, especially on the veins ; rachis
and st. sharply aculeated ; fr. bipinnate ; pinnl. sessile, broadly lanceolate,
narrow-acuminate, deeply-pinnatifid almost to the costa ; lobes linear-oblong,
falcate, serrate, having small bullate scales beneath ; veins forked ; sori copious,
but not wholly covering the lobes. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 41. A. armata, Mart. Cr.
Bras. p. 72. t. 48, and Mett. Polyp, aculeatum, Rad. Fit. Bras. t. 41. Alsoph.
Klf.

Hab. Brazil, Guiana ; Amazon, Spruce, n. 614. — Bordering too closely on more than
one other supposed species of this group. Satisfactorily represented in the figures above
quoted, if the species be truly distinct.

14. A. leucolepis, Mart. ; (( st. aculeate ; fr. bipinnato-partite, slightly stri-
gilloso-hirsute on the veins and veinlets above, beneath paleaceous with long
and small white scales ; part, rachis unarmed ; pinnae linear-acuminate, pinna-
tifid ; lobes small, linear-lanceolate, subfalcate, sinuato-dentate ; sori on all the
lobes 10-12."— Mart. Cr. Bras. p. 70. t. 46. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 41.

Hab. Brazil, Martins, Gardner, n. 5329 and 5331 ; Venezuela, Fendler, n. 53 (young
state). — Some of my specimens (which I am disposed to refer to A. atrovirens, Pr.,
A. compta, Mart.) are very little removed from A. leucolepis, judging from the
figure, I. c.

15. A. infesta, Kze. ; "fr. bipinnate ; pinnl. unequal at the base, pinnatifid,
acuminate ; lobes oblong-falcate, rather obtuse ; sori uniseriate, approaching
the margin ; rachis puberulous, furrowed and paleaceous ; st. chaffy above,
aculeate below." — Kze. PL Cr. Poepp. p. 98. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 42. A. phalerata,
Mart. Cr. Bras. p. 67. t. 42. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 42. C. Caracasana, Kl.

Hab. S. America and W. I. Islands ; Para, Spruce, n. 22 ; Peru, Lechler, Spruce, n.
5724 ; Venezuela, Fendler, n. 56. — On many of my specimens, bearing this name, the
upper portion of the rachis of the primary pinnae is distinctly winged.

16. A. atrovirens, Pr. "fr. compound ; pinnae pinnate, subpetiolate ; pit
sessile, broadly lanceolate, coarsely and pinnatifidly dentato-serrate ; sori scat-
tered, arising from an hemispherical recept. ; st. with short spines. (Arbores-
cent ?)." — Polypod. atro-virens, Langsd. et Fisch. p. 12. t. 14. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 46.
Als. senilis, Kl. in Hb. nostr. Als. compta, Mart. Cr. Bras. p. 66. t. 41.

Hab. S. America, Brazil to Mexico.

17. A. elongata, Hk. ; sharply aculeated, glabrous, except on the rachis above ;
fr. bipinnate ; prim, pinnae 2-3 ft. 1., 8 in. w. ; pinnl. 6 in. and more 1., lan-
ceolate, much elongated, pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, terminating in a long,
narrow, serrated, caudate acumen ; lobes 5-6 lines 1., remote, linear, rather
acute, rigid, much falcated, the margins recurved, serrated ; veins twice or thrice
forked from near the base ; sori numerous, covering the entire segments except
at the apex ; bullate scales none, or quickly deciduous ; recept. very hairy. — Hk.
Sp. 1. p. 43.

Hab. Columbia, Hartweg, n. 1528 ; Central America, Barclay, Seemann — Since first
I published this, I have received specimens from other collectors, identically the
same with our plant, and to one of which Mr. J. Smith had given the name of Als.
Tumacensis.

6. ALSOPHILA. 35

18. A. Poeppigii, Hk. ; "glabrous except the rachis above; pinnae closely
pinnated ; pinnl. elongated, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, much and suddenly acu-
minated, pinnatifid nearly to the costa ; lobes thick and coriaceous, crowded,
narrow-oblong, falcate, very obtuse, densely clothed with sori to the very apex j
the margins slightly reflexed ; bullate scales none ; copious hairs among the
capsules." — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 43. A. villosa, Kze. not Pr.

Hab. Peru, Poeppig, Ruiz et Pav. in Herb, nostr. — This appears to me quite distinct
from the true Ah. mllosa, Kze. (which is the Chrioophora Humboldtii, Klf.), and more
allied to our Als. Gardneri.

19. A. mllosa, Pr. ; st. short, 1 ft. or more long, unarmed or only beset with
small, elevated, tubercular points, at the base densely clothed with ferruginous,
subulate, glossy scales 1^ in. 1. ; fr. coriaceous, bi-subtripinnate, glabrous above,
with a copious, lax, deciduous tomentum on both sides in the young state ; pinnl.
1-3 in. L, oblong-lanceolate, gradually but obtusely acuminate, more or less
deeply pinnatifid ; lobes oblong, obtuse, entire or coarsely serrated ; veins pin-
nated ; veinlets forked ; sori occupying nearly the whole space between the costule
and the margin ; capsules mixed with copious hairs. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 44. Cvathea,
//. B. K. Nov. Gen. 1. p. 24-7. t. 670. A. rigidula, Mart. Or. Bras. t. 51. A.
Humboldtii, Kl. Chnoophora, Klfs.

Hab. Tropical America ; New Granada, Brazil ; Venezuela, Fendler, n. 47 and 492 ;
S. Chili, Cuming, Capt. King. — Well figured by H. B. K. and by Martius.

20. A. plagioptcris, Mart. ; "fr. bipinnato-partite ; st. aculeate ; partial rachis
and veins downy above ; scales on the veins few and deciduous ; pinnae linear-
oblong, acuminate ; pinnl. linear, much acuminated and pinnatifid ; lobes
between the rather broad sinuses lanceolate, falcate, toothed at the apex ; the

fertile ones nearly entire, the sterile serrated ; in each pinnl. the lowest and
shortest lobe is obliquely adnate with the rachis ; sori upon all the segments
8-10."— Mart. Cr. Bras. p. 73. t. 50. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 44.

Hab. S. Brazil. — Moore alludes to its affinity with his A. axillaris, Polypod. axillare,
Rad. Fil. Bras. t. 41, which is A. hirta, Klf., and which my specimens very much
resemble.

21. A. hirta, Klf. ; t(fr. trifido-tripartite ; slightly hairy on both sides, more
so beneath and there minutely scaly ; st. and underside of the rachis aculeate,
and, as well as the partial rachis rough with hairs ; pinnce linear-oblong, shortly
acuminate, deeply pinnatifid ; lobes broad-lanceolate, inciso-semipinnatifid, ult.
ones obliquely ovate, acutely serrated above ; sori in each segment 8 16." — Mart.
Cr. Bras. p. 69. t. 44. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 45. (A. hirsuta). Polyp, arillare, Rad. Fil.
Bras. p. 2. t. 41.

Hab. Brazil.

22. A. nigra, Mart. ; st. rather slender, aculeated and as well as the principal
rachises ebony-black ; fr. deep green, submembranaceous, sparsely hairy on the
costse and costules, rarely with a few deciduous scales beneath ; prim, pinnce
12-14 in. 1., 4-5 in. w. ; pinnl. 2-2| in. 1., \ in. \v., oblong, shortly acuminate,
deeply f of the way to the costa pinnatifid, subpetiolate ; lobes oblong, obtuse,
crenato-serrate ; veins simple or forked ; sori intermediate between the costule
and the margin. — Mart. Cr. Bras. p. 71. t. 47. Hk. Sp. \.p. 45.

Hab. Rio Negro, Brazil. — It were to be wished that many other S. American A Isophilce
were as readily distinguished as this.

23. A. radens, Klf. ; " caud. 3 ft. high, 3 in. diam. ; st. 2-3 ft. I., clothed
with ovate, acuminated, pale brown scales, below together with the ramifica-
tions aculeate, above more densely paleaceo-subvillous ; fr. membranaceous,
lanceolato-ovate, bipinnatisect ; prim. segm. at length deciduous, 1^ ft. 1.,

36 6. ALSOPHILA.

elongato-oblong, acuminate, second ones 2-3 in. 1., not articulated, petiolulate,
on both sides, "and, more thickly at the costse hispido-pilose, from a truncated
or on the inferior side cuneate base (the superior rounded), linear-lanceolate,
pinnati-partite ; segm. oblong, the anterior side rotundato-obtuse, denticulate ;
second, veins of the segm. forked, soriferous at the fork, or, simple and soriferous
and the sori dorsal ; upper ones sterile ; sori between the costule and the
margin, 4-6 on each side the costule ; recept. with copious hairs (paraphyses),
scarcely longer than the capsules," Matt. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 46. Mett. F. H. Lips,
p. 109.

Hab. Brazil.— I only possess a garden (but authentic) specimen of this from Professor
Mettenius.

24. A. pycnocarpa, Kze. ; "fr. coriaceous, with elevated forked veins, ovate,
bipinnate ; prim, pinnae petiolate, approximate at the base and apex of the
frond, obliquely lanceolate ; st. articulated and incrassated at its base ; pinnl.
subsessile, divergent from a broader base, subcuneately oblongo-lanceolate,
crenate or incised at the base, obtuse at the apex ; subfalcate, entire ; costce
albo-squamose beneath ; sori approximate, subcontiguous ; rachises angulate,
Hexuose, aculeolate at their base ; partial ones margined towards the apex and
as well the aculeolate st. albido-paleaceous ; caud. short." — Kze. in Schk. Fil.
Suppl. I. p. 208. t. 86. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 46.

Hab. Peru. — A very peculiar-looking species, judging from the figure, for I have never
seen a specimen.

25. A. microphylla, Kl. ; "fr. 1| ft. 1., bipinnate ; rachis semiterette, convex on
the back, plane upwards, adpressedly hirsute ; pinnae 4-8 in. 1., lanceolate, patent,
thin ; pinnl. 9-15 lines 1. by 4 lines w., pinnatifid, remote, oblong, rather
obtuse, sessile, glabrous above, subhirsute at the rachis beneath, especially
below the middle, clothed at the costa with distant, ovate, acuminate, aureous
scales ; lobes oblong, subfalcate, obtuse ; veinlets simple ; sori small, whitish,
inserted on the middle of the back of the veins, globose ; recept. minute, glabrous."
— KL in Linn. 18. p. 541. A. squamata, Kl. (fide Moore}.

Hab. Caracas, Moritz, n. 110 ; Fund & Schlim, n. 976, 978, and 998.

26. A. Salmnii, Hk. ; principal racMses f in. thick, glossy-ebeneous black,
slightly rough to the touch, scarcely to the eye ; fr. firm, subcoriaceous, glabrous,
dark green, pale beneath, tripinnate, 3 ft. and more 1., ovato-lanceolate,
acuminate ; second, pinnce 4-5 in. 1., oblong-acuminate, again pinnate with close-
placed shortly petiolate pinnl., f in. 1., subhastato-lanceolate, acute, or obtuse,
pinnatifid, serrated at the apex, lowest pair of lobules frequently rounded and
free (separate from the rest) ; veins pinnated ; sori in a series nearer the costa
than the margin ; recept. often 2-lobed and shortly stipitate.

Hab. Chilasco, Guatemala, Salvin & Godman. — A very distinct and peculiar species.

27. A. Godmani, Hk. ; racMses asperous, stramineous ; fr. bipinnate, mem-
branaceous, full green and more or less hairy on both sides with sparse, white,
longish hairs ; prim, pinnce 16-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. w., oblong, much acuminate ;
pinnl. approximate, sessile, 2^-3 in. 1., 5-6 lines wide, narrow-oblong, horizontal,
deeply to the costa pinnatifid, almost pinnate ; lobes very compact and crowded,
so that the space between them can scarcely be seen except when held between
the eye and the light, pinnatifid about half-way down to the costa with small,
acute, ovate lobules, upper ones rarely toothed ; veins one to each lobule, once or
twice forked, the lowest lobule (exactly square), only one veinlet on each side
soriferous ; sori small, of few caps., receptacles hairy ; principal racMses and costce
stramineous, pubescent and villous, and partially paleaceous with small ciliated

Hab. Cuban, Guatemala, Salvin & Godman. — A very elegant and very distinct species,

6. ALSOPIIILA. 37

especially in the small, very close-spaced and strongly pinnatifid lobes, of which the lowest
pairs are exactly square, adnate on two sides with the costa and costule.

28. A. ? sagittifolia, Ilk. ; unarmed ? ;fr. hard-coriaceous, bipinnate, glabrous ;
prim, pinnae 8-9 in. 1., 1| in. w., petiolate ; pinnl. 1 in. 1., 2-3 lines w., all free to
the apex, shortly petiolate, oblong, acute, crenato-serrate, sagittate at the base,
the lobes obtuse, the margin recurved ; veins indistinct ; sori (far advanced) often
mixed with paleaceous scales, copious on the forking of the veins, nearer the
costule than the margin ; recept. often 2-lobed.

Hab. Trinidad ? (possibly the opposite coast of Venezuela), Cruger. — A very peculiar
species, and I regret my specimens are but imperfect.

29. A. melanopus, Hk. ; " caud. 8-15 ft. high, 1 ft. diam., unarmed, ramen-
taceous " (Spruce} ; st. 3 ft. 1., 1 in. thick, intense ebony -black (as well as iheprim.
racMses\ slightly tuberculate and at the base paleaceous with very long, narrow
scales ; fr. coriaceo-membranaceous, glabrous ; prim, pinnae 5 ft. 1., 12 pairs 3 ft.,
or nearly so 1., 1 ft. w. in the broadest part ; pinnl. 6 in. 1., 12-14 lines w., distinctly
petiolate, from a broad base oblong, rather suddenly tapering into a serrated
acumen, deeply pinnatifid to nearly the costa ; lobes oblong, falcate, 3 lines wide,
obtuse, entire ; veins distinct, all forked, sori at the forking of each vein, much
nearer the costule than to the margin ; costce and costules quite free from scales and
mostly quite glabrous. — ? /3 caudex slender, subflexuose, 3 ft. high ; pinnl. sessile ;
lobes narrower and more acute.

Hab. In woods, Chimborazo, alt. 3,000 ft., Spruce, n. 5742. — /3 Montana de Canelos,
Spruce. — Habit and size of the pinnules very much as in Cyatliea divergens (p. 17), but
clearly an Alsopliila, with intensely ebeneous prim, and second, rachises. I am doubtful
about my var. (3, which may prove a distinct species.

30. A. Chimborazensis, Hk. ; " caud. 15 ft. high, 4 in. diam., aculeate (Spruce) ;
st. very stout, 3-4 ft. L, furfuraceo-pubescent, dirty brown, aculeated with very
sharp, strong spines, and paleaceous with large, dark, brown, glossy scales ;" fr.
9-10 ft. ]., ovato-lanceolate, subcoriaceous ("subscandent amongst neighbouring
branches") ; prim, pinnce 2-| ft. 1., by 1 ft. w. ; pinnl. rather distant, distinctly
petiolate, 1-1^ in. w., horizontal, from a broad base oblong, acuminate, deeply
pinnatifid near to the costa ; lobes oblong, obtuse, subfalcate, entire, the margins
a little recurved ; veins conspicuous, forked near the base ; sori at the forks and
close to the costule ; main rachis thicker than a man's thumb, and as well as
the second, ones aculeate, having a dirty aspect from a clothing of furfuraceo-
pubescence.

Hab. Chimborazo, alt. 3,000-4,000 ft., Spruce, n. 5743. — This has still more the aspect
of Cyathea diveryens than our Als. mehtnopus ; but here, again, the sori are clearly those
of Alsophila. It is, however, the much more strongly aculeated of the two.

31. A. conjugata, Spruce ; "caud. 40 ft. high, 1 ft. diam., aculeate, destitute of
scales " (Spruce] ; st. 3 ft. 1., 1 in. and more thick, prickly with short, stout, not very
sharp spines; fr. 9ft. 1., ovato-lanceolate, coriaceous; prim, pinnce 23 pairs,
" all exactly opposite, save at the very apex," 2-3 ft. 1. ; pinnl. alternate, quite
sessile, 4-5 in. 1., G-7 in. w., pinnatifid nearly to the costa ; lobes linear, from a
broad base, acute, crenato-serrate at the slightly recurved margin ; sori rather
small, close to the costule, one to each serrature ; rachises (all) and costce and
costules rusty-pubescent and hairy. — Spruce, mst. in Hb. nostr.

Hab. Chimborazo, alt. 3,000-4,000 ft., Spruce, n. 4745. — Very remarkable for the
exactly opposite prim, pinnae : the second, ones are alternate.

32. A. Sprucei, Hk. ; " caud. none, reduced to a subglobose rhizome" (Spruce) ;
st. 4 ft. 1., stout, strongly aculeate at the base, clothed with ferruginous scales of
two kinds, long, very slender, dense, hair-like ones, and others large and lan-
ceolate ; jr. subcoriaceous, glabrous, 4 ft. 1. ; prim, pinnce 12-14 in. 1. ; pinnl.

38 6. ALSOPHILA.

2A-3 in. 1., £ in. w., oblong-acuminate, deeply nearly to the costa pinnatifid ;
lobes oblong, falcate, acute, entire, margins slightly reflexed ; sori copious, occu-
pying the space between the costule and the margin ; rachises and costce beneath
free from scales or pubescence.

Hab. Chimborazo, alt. 2,500 ft., Spruce, n. 5740. — "A pretty Fern when growing."
Spruce.

33. A. aterrima, Hk. ; st. castaneous, copiously aculeate, and at the base
shaggy with very long (1J in.), dense, ferruginous, flexuose scales and fine
hairs ; fr. ample, thick, carnoso-coriaceous ; black above, a little paler and
chocolate-coloured beneath, villous above ; rachis shaggy ; costce and costules, espe-
cially beneath, clothed with deciduous, tawny, lanose hair ; prim, pinnae 1 ft.
and more 1., pinnL 2-2J in. L, 4 lines w., deeply to the costa pinnatifid ; lobes
oblong, very obtuse, entire ; sori chiefly on the lower half of the lobes (about 6),
close to the costa, ferruginous.

Hab. Near Tarapota, E. Peru, Spruce, n. 4713.— The blackest-looking species, when
dry, I am acquainted with, and of a very firm and coriaceous texture.

34. A. pruinata, Klf . ; unarmed ; st. densely lanigerous at the base ; fr. coria-
ceous, glaucous, bi-tripinnate ; prim. pinnce' petiolate, 12-18 in. 1., ovato-lan-
ceolate ; pinnl. 3-4 in. L, 1 in. w. ; petiolulate, from a broad base oblong-
acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, or again pinnate ; lobes or ult. pinnl. | in. L,
lanceolate, very acute, deeply or pinnatifidly and sharply serrated ; sori solitary,
near the costule, one to each lobule or serrature ; costce and costules beneath
often very hairy, and hairs mixed with the capsules on a small recept. — Hk. Sp.
1. p. 47. Poloyp. griseum, Schk. Fil. t. 25. Trichosorus glaucescens, densus
et frigidus, Liebm. Lophosorus, Pr.

Hab. Tropical America and W. Ind., extending as far south as Chili ; Juan Fernandez.

35. A. friaida, Karst. ; " caud. not lofty ; st. and rachises clothed sparingly
with deciduous tomentum and, especially at the base, muricated ; fr. ovato-lan-
ceolate, tripinnate, coriaceous ; prim, and second, pinnce from a broad base
gradually narrower and acuminated ; pinnl. ^in. L, oblong, more or less adnate at
the base, densely squamose beneath, pinnatifid ; the lobes falcate, obtuse, crenate,
separated by a very narrow, acute sinus, penniveined ; the margin revolute ;
veins simple or forked, the lower ones on the middle of the back or in the fork
soriferous ; recept. semiglobose, pilose." — Karst. Fl. Columb. t. 30.

Hab. Andes of Bogota, alt. 15,300 ft., Karsten.

36. A. Mexicana, Mart. ; ftfr. tripinnatifido-partite, sparingly hirsute on both
sides ; st. and rachis rough with hairs and furnished with scales varying in size ;
pinnce linear-oblong, acute ; pinnl. linear-acuminate, deeply pinnatifid ; ultimate
lobes obliquely and broadly ovate, entire or emarginato-bidentate ; sori on each
lobe near the rachis 2-8."— Mart. Cr. Bras. p. 70. t. 45. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 47.

Hab. Mexico.

37. A. myosuroides, Liebm.; "caud. 10-16 ft. 1., 3-4 in. diam. ; fr. ample ;
pinnce patulous, petiolate, elongato-lanceol. 1^-2 ft. 1. ; pinnl. divergent, 3-3| in.
1., | in. w., elongato-lanceolate, long-acuminate, acute, deeply pinnatifid ; lobes
from a dilated base linear-lanceolate, falcate, rather obtuse, crenulato-falcate ;
margins a little revolute, the sinuses angled ; the apex of the pinnl. contracted,
\-\ in. 1., 1-2 lines w., crenated ; costa on both sides appresso-pilose ; sori
numerous on each lobe, at length confluent ; st. 1 ft. 1., 1 in. thick, aculeolate
with straight prickles." — Liebm. F. Mex. p. 134.

Hab. Mexico, on mountains, alt. 2,400 ft., Liebmann. — The author seems to allude to an
affinity with Als. armata, Pr. I possess copious specimens from Dr. Liebmann gathered

G. ALSOPHILA. 39

in Mexico, and from the Copenhagen Garden, where it is cultivated ; but, save in the
caudate apices of the pinnules, it possesses scarcely any distinguishing characters.

I may here mention, of S. American " Alsopliilce," A. tenera, J. Sm., from St. Vincents,
alluded to at p. 18 of this vol. under 0. gracilis, Gris. ; a fine-looking species from Tarapota,
E. Peru, Spruce, n. 472, with very long, dense, subulato-crinite scales ; tmAlsophila from
Porto Alegre, S. Brazil, Mr. Fox, n. 247, of which the two lowest lobes of the pinnule are
singularly reflexed upon the rachis ; a Guatemala species from Messrs. Salvin & Godman,
" n. 1 ; " a Cuban species, C. Wright, n. 1053, with oblong, falcate lobes, an inch long ;
and other Cuban species from the same collector, Nos. 1833, 1834, and 1834a. These,
however, and some other dubious species, I dare not attempt to characterize.

** Species of the Pacific Isles, Australia, and N. Zealand. Sp. 38-47.

38. A. Samoensis, Brack.; "arborescent, unarmed; st. and common rachis
fulvo-tomentose above ; fr. glabrous, nearly membranaceous, bipinnate ; pinnl.
elongate-lanceolate, scarcely acuminate, pinnatifid ; lobes oblong, obtuse, sub-
falcate, serrated ; part, rachises and costa and veins (which are slender, forked,
setose above) beneath bullato-squamose ; sori few, infra-axillary, nearer the
costa than the margin ; reccpt. columnar, with a lacerated scale beneath, and hairs
among the capsules." — Brack. Fil. p. 287. t. 40. f. 1.

Hab. Samoan Isles, Brackenridge ; Louisiade Archipelago, McGillivray. — I have seen
no authentic specimen of this ; but some of my specimens from the Louisiade sufficiently
accord with the description and figure above quoted.

39. A. decurrens, Hk. ; unarmed ; fr. membranaceous, bipinnate above, the
rest tripinnate, sparsely villous with long, white hairs on both sides, chiefly on
the costules and veins, the former scurfy with small bullato-acuminated scales ;
prim, pinnae 1-1^ ft. 1., 6 in w., oblong-acuminate ; second, pinncs 2-3 in. 1., oblong-
acuminate, pinnated ; ult. pinnl. 4-6 lines 1., 1^ line w., from an adnate and
decurrent base oblong, obtuse, pinnatifid half-way down to the costule ; lobes
ovate, acute, entire or with 1 or 2 teeth ; sori 1 to each lobe of few lax capsules.
— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 51.

Hab. Pacific Islands; Aneiteum, Samoan Islands; N. Caledonia (Vieillard). — A
species not likely to be confounded with any other.

40. A. truncata, Brack. ; main and second, rachises dark purple, glossy, sharply
muricate, deciduously furfuraceo-tomentose, as well as the costse and costules
beneath ; fr. tripinnate, firm, coriaceous, bright green above, paler beneath ; prim,
pinnos 10-16 in. 1., 4-5 in. w., oblong, acuminate ; second, ones 2-3 in. 1., J-| in.
w., oblong, sessile, pinnated to the very short pinnatifid acumination ; ult. pinnl.
very small, rather distant, from a truncated shortly petiolated free base, linear-
oblong, acute, the margin recurved, sinuato-lobate ; costule thick and prominent,
bullato-squamulose ; veins forked, almost from the base ; sori small, dark orange,
lax, near the costule. — Brack. Fil. p. 288.

Hab. Fiji and Samoan Islands, Brackenridge; Ngau, Milne. — A very distinct and
peculiar species.

41 . A. Novas Caledonice, Mett. ; main and second, rachises rufo-fuscous, muri-
cate and, as well as the costse beneath hirsuto-tomentose, and very minutely
paleaceous ; fr. coriaceous, dark blackish green above, glossy as if varnished
(beneath in our specimen wholly covered with fructification), tripinnate ;
prim, pinnae ] \ ft. L, 6 in. w. ; second, ones sessile, linear-oblong, 4-5 lines w.,
pinnated, except the acuminated serrated apex ; ult. pinnl. rather distant 2-2^
lines 1., less than 1 line w., linear-oblong, obtuse, sessile, and slightly decurrent
at the base, the margins recurved subcrenulate ; sori copious, occupying the
space between the costule and the margin. — Mett. Fil. N. Coded, n. 100.

Hab. N. Caledonia, Vieillard, n. 1633. — Mettenius compares this with A. truncata,
Brack. ; no doubt its nearest affinity, but it is truly distinct

40 6. ALSOmiLA

42. A. Tahitensis, Brack. ; "//*. bipinnate ; pinnl. small, sessile, glabrous,
oblong-lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid ; lobes oblong-obtuse, crenulate ; general
rachis flexuose and, as well as the partial ones, rufo-tomentose ; costa bullato-
squamose beneath ; veins simple or forked ; sori near the costule with a semi-
calyciform involucre, lacerated at the inner base ; recept. subglobose, with no
hairs among the capsules." — Brack. Fil.p. 288. t. 40. /. 1.

Hab. Tahiti, Brackenridge. — Unknown to me. Lobes of pinnules 2 in. 1., scarcely
1 in. w. An Hemitelia, § Amphicosmia ?

43. A. MacartJiurii, Hk. ; st. jointed upon the caud. ; main and second, rachises
all dark ebeneous purple, deciduously pulverulent, mucronato-spinulose ; fr.
firm, cartilagineo-chartaceous, dark green above, subglaucous beneath, glabrous
or nearly so and scaleless, tripinnate ; prim, pinnae 1^-2 ft. 1., 8 in. w., oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate ; second, pinnce oblong-acuminate, sessile, pinnatifid only
at the apex ; costa? beneath pubescenti-asperous ; ult. pinnl. and lobes linear-
oblong, acute, the margins slightly recurved, spinuloso- serrate ; sori copious,
close to the costa ; recept. small, not hairy.

Hab. Woods near Sydney, Sir Wm. Me Arthur ; Hastings and Marlony Rivers, Beckler ;
Illawara, Shepperd ; Mt. Lindsay (caud. 20-25 ft. 1., 9 in. w.). " Whip-stick Fern " of the
colonists.— Allied to A. australis, but assuredly distinct.

44. A. australis, Br. ; st. with very long, firm, subulate scales, 1^ ft. 1.,
and as well as the main rachises muricato-asperous, stramineous ; fr. ample,
coriaceo-submembranaceous, subglaucous beneath, more or less villous on the
costse and costule above, and very minutely bullato-paleaceous beneath, often
quite naked ; prim, pinnce 1^ ft. 1., 6-10. in. w. ; pinnl. 3-4 in. 1., ^-| in. w.,
oblong, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, or, towards the base even pinnate ; ult.
pinnl. or lobes oblong, acute, serrated, subfalcate ; sori copious, rather small,
intermediate between the costule and the margin ; recept. villous. — Hk. JSp.
1. p. 50. £.19. A.

Hab. Tasmania and Australia, especially in the South ; Hastings and Clarence Rivers,
Beckler ; Louisiade Archip., McGiUivray, n. 456.

45. A. Colensoi, Hk. f. ; unarmed, caud. small, to 4-5 ft. 1. ; st. short, densely
clothed with very long, white, silvery, subulate scales, 1 in. 1., and with copious
lesser dark brown ones on the rest of the stipes, rachises, and costce, mixed with
small bullate scales ; fr. submembranaceous, subhirsute, 2-4 in. 1., 10-12 in. or
more w. ; prim, pinnce 12-14 in. 1., oblong, acuminate ; pinnl. 2 in. 1., 4-5 in. w.,
rather distant, deeply nearly to the costa pinnatifid ; lobes 2-3 lines 1., ovato-
oblong, strongly serrated ; veins all simple ; sori small, nearer the costule than
the margin.— Hk.f. Fl. N. Zeal. 2. p. 8. t. 73.

Hab. New Zealand, Northern Island, Colenso ; Otago, Sinclair.

46. A. excelsa, Br. ; st. and main rachises muricated ; fr. ample, coriaceous,
dark green above, paler beneath, when young more or less ferrugineo-tomentose
beneath, mixed with copious, small, bullate scales on the costce and costules ;
prim. pinn. 1^-2 ft. 1., 6-10 in. w. ; pinnl. numerous, approximate, oblong-lan-
ceolate, acuminated, deeply to the costule pinnatifid, often quite pinnate ; lobes
or ult. pinnl. |-f in. 1., oblong or linear-oblong, acute or obtuse, falcate, the
margins subrecurved, serrated ; veins once or twice or more forked ; sori copious
near the costules.— Hk. Sp.l.p. 49. t. 18. A. A. Cooperi, VeitcKs Cat.

Hab. Norfolk Island ; Illawara, C. Moore, and Hastings River, Australia, Beckler ;
Mount Lindsay, Walter Hill. — Said to have a trunk 60-80 ft. 1. The segments of the
sterile fronds are larger and broader than the more coriaceous fertile ones, and of a
paler green. It appears to be a larger and stouter-growing plant than A. australis. A
plant, in every respect resembling the A. exceha, has been sent living to Mr. Veitch, and
has been cultivated in gardens under the name of A. Cooperi, in compliment to Sir Daniel
Cooper.

6. ALSOPHILA. 41

47. A. lunulata, Br. ? Brack. ; st. and main rachises mucronato-asperous, pale
brown ; fr. ample, coriaceous, dark blackish-green, glabrous or very slightly
villous and bullato-squamulose on the costules beneath ; bi-subtripinnate ;
prim, pinnae 1^-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. w. ; pinnl. oblong, subcaudato-acuminate, deeply
to the rachis pinnatifid ; lobes united or lower ones free ; lobes or ult. pmiiL
closely placed, 4 lines 1., 1-lj line w., oblong or linear-oblong, when fertile
falcate, acute, the margins refiexed and obscurely serrated in the upper half ;
veins forked below the middle ; sori copious, deep brown, nearer the costule than
the margin.— HL Sp. Fil 1. p. 51. Brack. Fil. 1. p. 286. t. 39 (excellent}.
Polypod. For st. Cyathea Mertensiana, Bong, in Hb. Nostr. an Hemitelia crenu-
lata, Mett, (who quotes Alsophila extensa, BL, not .5r.) ? An etiam Hemitelia
Junghuniana, Mett., Alsophila, BL, Als. intermedia, Metten. ?

Hab. "Pacific Islands," Forster ; Samoan and Fiji Islands, JBracJceniidge ; Isle of
Bonin, N. Caledonia, Aneiteura, M cGittivray ; Java?, Blume. Brackenridge gives
N. Zealand ; but I have never seen it from that country. This has much the habit of
our Cyathea affinis; but there is no trace of involucre. I think it is quite likely to be
the Polyp, lunulatum of Forster, and we have now happily a faithful figure given by
Brackeuridge.

*** Species of India, Ceylon, Malaya. Sp. 48-63.

48. A. alt-ernans, Hk. ; rachis much thicker than a swan's quill, glabrous,
smooth, tawny-brown ; fr. ample, subcoriaceous, glabrous, subtripinnate ; prim,
pinnce short-petiolate, very remote, 10-14 in. 1., 2-3 in. w., oblong, acuminate,
deeply pinnatifid, pinnated near the base ; lobes or pinnl. 1-lJ in. L, oblong,
acute, subfalcate, entire or serrate, all horizontal, the extremity of the frond
suddenly pinnated with oblong, undivided, sessile pinnl., serrated at the margin ;
veins approximate, once or twice forked, sori subbiseriate on each pinnl. or
lobe, subglobose compact, mixed with rather copious jointed hairs. — Polvpod.
Watt. Hemitelia? Hk. Sp. F.I. p. 29. Ic. PI. t. 622 (omitting f. 3).

Hab. Penang, WallicJi, Sir W. Norris. — In the figure above quoted, a depression
formed by the sorus on the lobe was mistaken by the artist for an involucre.

49. A. ? Celebica, Mett. ; "fr. tripinnate, coriaceous, glauco-sericeous beneath ;
pinnl. linear-! aiwjeol ate, acuminate ; second, pinnl. linear-subfalcate, rather
obtuse, crenulate at the apex, truncate and sessile at the base ; common rachis
furfuraceous, sparingly and slightly aculeated."- J!/e#. in Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot.
Lugd. 1. p. 26. Cyathea ? BL Hk. Sp. 1. p. 26.

Hab. Celebes and' Ternate, Blume. — A sterile fragment of this (and but little more
seems to be known) I owe to Dr. Blume. Its characters, such as they are, depend on
the adventitious clothing : the racfei sis muricated and furfuraceous ; tlie costa beneath
is shortly villous and furfuraceous ; and the general frond beneath ia "glauco-sericeous.'*

50. A. wmosa, Hk. ; unarmed ; st. paleaceous with long linear-subulate
scales, pale brown, as well as the rachises, which are tawny-villous on the upper
side ; fr. herbaceous, yellow-green, glabrous, and scaleless ; prim, pinnae 14-16
in. 1., 6-8 in w. ; pinnl. oblong-acuminate, from a rather broad and truncated
sessile or shortly petioled base serrated f of the way to the costule, pinnatifid
with very narrow -sinuses ; lobes close-placed, oblong- serrated ; veins rarely
forked, sori orange-colour, rather distant, between the costule and the margin,
nearer the latter, receptacle small, very slightly elevated. — Hk. Sp. I. p. 53. t,
20. A. (excl. var. /3).

Hab. Sylhet and Sincapore.

51. A. contaminans, Wall. ; st. zndrachides " paleaceous at the base," purplish-
brown, glossy, aculeate with short prickles tipped with a gland ; fr. ample,
coriaceous, glabrous, black-green above (when dry), glaucous beneath ; prim.

42 6. ALSOPHILA.

pinnae 2 ft. and more 1., oblong-ovate, acuminate ; pinnl. sessile, 4-5 in. 1., ^ to
nearly 1 in. w., deeply, near to the costule, pinnatifid, linear-oblong, subfalcate,
entire, the fertile ones often more contracted with margins (when dry) revolute,
obscurely crenate ; veins once or twice forked ; sori nearer the costule than the
margin ; a minute shallow-lobed and cut membrane surrounds the base of the
receptacle after the capsules are fallen. — Hk. Sp. \.p. 52. 18. B. Mett. in Miq.
1. p. 54 (Alsoph.). Chnoophora glauca, Bi. A. Brunoniana, Wall. H&.Sp.l.
p. 53.

Hab. Java and Malay Islands ; Sylhet ; Cachar, near Assam, Hk. & TJioms. — Some
of my specimens exhibit in a perfect state of the sori a thin membranous ? covering,
which breaks away from the top and gradually disappears. A. Brunoniana is probably
identical with this, but scarcely known, except from the cauclex and withered fronds
alluded to in Sp. Fil. I. c.

52. A. crinita, Hk. ; st. and main rachis stramineous, brown, hispido-
paleaceous and strongly muricate ; spines short, tipped with a black gland ; fr.
subcoriaceo-membranaceous ; rackises pilose above, beneath and on the costse
densely paleaceo-crinite ; scales so.netimes short and minute, generally elongate
and adpressed ; prim, pinnae 2 ft. 1., 10 in. w. ; pinnl. oblong, acuminate, sessile,
pinnatifid nearly to the costuli ; lobes narrow-oblong, subobtuse, falcate, the
margins recurved, serrated ; costce and veins often pilose ; veins forked ; sori
covering the whole underside of the lobes, mixed with ciliated scales. — Hk. Sp.
Fil. 1. p. 54, and Ic. Fil t. 671. Bedd. Fil. p. 20. t. 59.

Hab. Ceylon, Nilghiris (Ueddome) ; Java, De Vriese (excessively shaggy when young,
with very long, fulvous, paleaceous hairs). — A very shaggy-looking species from the
copious hairs and scales. Mettenius unites it with A. tomentosa, a species of Blume ;
but if what I receive under that name be the true plant, it is a very different species,
the A. lepifera of J. Smith, our A. tomentosa.

53. A. tomentosa, Hk. ; scarcely anywhere hairy or villous ; st. and main
rachises palish brown, strongly muricated with short spines tipped with a black
gland ; fr. coriaceous, blackish-green above, beneath in all my specimens
copiously cobwebby with small white subtomentose ragged scales, which fill up
all the interstices of the copious sori, which together cover the whole surface of
the frond in all my specimens (the rest as in A. crinita). — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 55.
Mett. in Miq. Ann. Mus. Hot. 1. p. 53. Chnoophora, Bl. Als. lepifera, J. tim. &
Hk. Sp.\. c.p. 54.

Hab. Java ; S. Comarines, Ouniing ; Formosa, Wilford.

54. A. caudata, J. Sm. ; unarmed ; fr. glabrous, firm, subcoriaceo-membrana-
ceous ; pinnl. sessile, oblongo-lanceolate, broadest at the base, the apex is sud-
denly contracted into a long, narrow-serrated, tail-like acumen ; the lobes oblong,
a little falcate, rather obtuse, serrated ; veins simple or forked ; bullate scales
none ; sori close to the costule on the lower half of the lobes. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 52.
t. 20. B.

Hab. Luzon, Cuming. — A very dubious species, having some affinity with con-
taminans and, as J. Smith thinks, with lunulata.

55. A. ramispina, Hk. ; st. subasperous, ebeneous (as well as the rachises and
costce}, a little paleaceous at the base and there bearing 3-5 subsecund, black
spines 1| in. 1., with numerous sharp divaricating branches ; fr. subcoriaceo-
membranaceous, dark green above, paler beneath, where the costa is quite scurfy
with small brown bullato-paleaceous scales ; prim. pinnae 1 ft. and more L, oblong,
pinnatifid at the apex; pinnl. 2^-3 in. L, £ in. w., oblong, subpetiolate, obtusely
acuminate, pinnatifid f of the way to the costules ; lobes oval-oblong, obtuse,
serrated towards the apex ; veins mostly simple (in the fertile pinnules) ; sori
small, of few capsules, chiefly on the lower veins, and near the costule, which is
very minutely hullato-sqnaniulose ; recept. minute.

6. ALSOPHILA. 43

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo ; alt. 2,700, T. Lobb. — Its nearest affinity is perhaps with
A. squamulata, from which the fronds differ in colour and texture ; and it is remarkable
for the large and curiously branched spines at the bases of the stipes.

56. A. podophylld) Hk. ; st. generally sharply mucronato-aculeate and, as weft
as the main rachises, purple-brown ; fr. subcoriaceo-menibvanaceous ; prim,
pinnce 1^-2 ft, and more long, pinmitifid at the apex ; pinnl. extremely variable
in size and shape, petiolate, 4-8 in. 1., ^-1 in. w., from a truncate, or subhustate,
or cordate base sword-shaped, acuminate, entire, or serrated only towards the
apex, or slightly lobed, or more or less pinnatifid, rarely deeply pinnatifid and
even pinnate towards the base ; veins pinnated ; veinlets often united in the more
entire pinnules towards the margin, bearing a sorus near their base, and conse-
quently parallel with the primary vein. — Hk. K. Gard. Misc. 8. />„ 334, and in
2nd Cent, of Ferns, t. 66.

Hab. Chusan ; Hong-Kong, frequent. Variable as is this handsome species, I cannot
but consider it quite distinct from A. glabra of Bl.

57. A. squamulata. J. Sm. ; st. paleaceous, at the base tuberculato-asperous, and,
as well as the rachises, dark, ebeneous-purple, subulato-squamulose ; fr. singu-
larly firm and coriaceous, rich brown when dry ; prim, pinnce 1^ ft. 1., 6-8 in.
w., stipitate ; pinnl. rather distant, all petiolate (petiole often 2 lines 1 ), oblong-
acuminate, pinnatifid rather less than half-way to the thickened costule ; lobes
ovato or rotundato-serrated ; costule with a few deciduous bullate scales ; sori
few, close to the costule. — Hk. Sp. I. p. 51. Mett. in Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot.
Lugd. Bat. 1. p. 52.? An Gymnosphsera squamul. BL ?

Hab. Malacca, Mt. Ophir, Griffith, Cuming. — The fragment I possess of this plant
from Java is, I think, only Als. glabra. Ours is, I believe, only from Mt. Ophir.

58. A. glabra, Hk. ; st. asperous, paleaceous at the base, and, as well as the
main rachises, purple-ebeneous, polished \fr. subcoriaceo-membranaceous \prim.
pinnae 1^-2 and more ft. 1., deeply pinnatifid at tbe apex ; pinnl., upper ones
sessile, lower ones petiolate, from a truncated base, oblong-acuminate, 3-6 in. 1.,
5-9 1. w., pinnatifid, \~\ way to the costule, rarely more ; lobes triangular or
rounded, rarely ovate, serrated ; veins pinnated, veinlets all simple ; sori on most
of the lobes, generally arranged in the shape of a V inverted, not extending to
the apex of the lobe. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 51. Bedd. Fil. p. 20. t. 60 (very good).
Als. gigantea, Hk. 1. c. p, 53.

Hab. Java and Malay Islands, generally (Moulmein, n. 3. Parish) ; China and
throughout India ; Ceylon.

59. A. latebrosa, Hk. ; st. aculeate at the base, muricated upwards, dark maho-
gany-brown in colour ; prim, pinnce oblong-acuminate, 12-24 in. 1., 6-8 in. br. ;
pinnl. lanceolate-acuminate, 3-4 in. 1., f in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis
into numerous linear-oblong, blunt, slightly-toothed lobes on each side ; texture
herbaceous, upper surface dark-green, naked, lower surface naked, or slightly
hairy and scaly ; veins all once forked ; sori elevated, conspicuous, occupying
often the lower two-thirds of the segment. — Hk. Sp. I. p. 37. Bedd. Fil. p. 19.
t. 58. Polypodium, Wall. Hemitelia, Mett. in Miq. 1. p. 54.

Hab. Common almost throughout India proper and the Malay Islands, Formosa,
&c. — There are plenty of scales amongst the fructifications, but none, I think, that can
constitute a Hemiteloid involucre.

60. A. lurida, Hk. ; st. smooth ; rachis slightly scabrous and scaly below,
densely tomontose and scaly above ; fr. broadly lanceolate ; prim, pinnce \ ft. 1. ;
pinnl. more than 2 in. 1., \ in. br., cut down to the rachis into numerous linear-
oblong nearly entire segments ; texture subcoriaceous, upper surface dark-green,
naked, lower densely scaly on the rachis and cost«v. — Chnoophora, Bl. Mett. in
Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. ];. Bat. 1. p. .53.

44 6. ALSOPHILA.

Hab. Java, Bl. in Herb, nostr. (but sterile), and Celebes. —I possess what I consider
quite another plant, with menibranaceous fronds, and quite free from scales beneath, ex-
cept «i few minute, widely scattered bullate ones, from Dr. Miquel, under the name, from
Java, and what I believe to be the same also, but quite destitute of bullate scales, from
Mr. Parish, Moulmein ; both in too imperfect a state to merit further notice.

61. A. crenulata, Mett. ; "fr. bipinnate (or 3-pinnatifid) submembranaceous,
beneath bullato-squamulose on the costse ; pinnl. lanceolate, acuminate, deeply
pinnatifid ; segm. linear-oblong, obtuse, serrulate ; sori (1-4) near the base of the
costules ; rachises tomentose above, asperulous beneath ; caud. arboreous." —
BL En. Fil. Jav.p. 246, under A Is. extensa, excl. Syn. (Mett.').

Hab. Java, Blume in Hb. nostr.— Some Indian AlsopUlce, in my Herbarium, I am
unable to refer to any known species, nor are the specimens sufficiently perfect to justify
me in describing them.

62. A. tristis, Bl. ; st. as thick as a goose-quill, 2 ft. 1. and more, dark purple,
glossy, and as well as the main rachis (oi the same colour) tuberculato-asperous ;

fr. siibcoriaceous, blackish-brown when dry, ovato-lanceolate, S ft. 1. and more,
tripinnate ; prim, pinnce distant (3-4 in. apart below), 1 ft. 1., often 4 in. w.,
ovato-lanceolate, much acuminated ; secund. pinnce 2-3 in. ]., oblong-acuminate ;
ultimate pinnl. sessile, 3-5 lines 1., oblong-obtuse, inciso-pinriatind about half-way
to the co >tule ; upper portion of the main rachis, the secund. rachises, and costa espe-
cially beneath, furfuraceo-hirsute ; veins pinnated in the ultimate pinnules ; sori
large, one to each lobule ; capsules, when young, apparently agglutinated, close-
pressed ; receptacle elevated. Alsophila tristis, Bl. in Hb. nostr. Cystopteris,
Metten. in Hb. nostr.

Hab. Java, Blume, Millett, De Vriese. — A very remarkable Fern, with much of the
general aspect of Diacalpe. 1 find no trace of an involucre ; yet Mettenius has referred
it to Cystopleris. I possess from Blume apparently a pinnule of another Java Fern,
somewhat allied to this, under the name of Alsophila tenuisecta, which also I cannot find
described : the fragment is 4 in. 1. and 1| in. w., bipinnate, dark olive-brown ; ultimate
segm. 2 lines 1., oblong-obtuse, sessile, pinnatifido -serrate, laxly villous, as is the pale
rachis ; veins pinnated ; one small sorus on the superior basal vein, of few capsules. It
is probably a Phegoptcris.

63. A. subglandulosa, Hance ; st. densely clothed at the base with long flaccid
linear light-brown scales ; fr. ample, tripinnate ; lower pinnce 1 ft. 1. ; pinnules
lanceolate pinnatifid, the lower segments cut down nearly to the rachis, ciliated
at the edge with glandular hairs ; the lateral veins once forked ; prim, and secund.
rachises densely clothed with small linear dark^coloured scales, texture herba-
ceous ; sori copious.

Hab. Island of Formosa, gathered by the late Mr. Oldham. Our specimens have the
fronds about 2 ft. 1. by 1 ft. br.

**** (Species of Tropical Africa. Sp. 64, 65.)

64. A, JZthiopica, Welw, msc., Hk. ; caud. 3-6 ft. 1., 2-3 in. w., knotted with
large tubercles, the cicatrices of the fallen stipites ; st. thick as a goose-quill,
a span and more long, asperous with small tubercles, nearly smooth on the main
rachis, purplish on the upper side ; fronds firm-membranaceous, dark green, 4 ft.
and more I., broad-lanceolate, quite glabrous, except on the costee and costules,
which are hairy on both sides, pinnated ; pinnce 8-10 in. ]., subsessile, oblong-
acuminate, pinnated below, the rest deeply pinnatifid with lobes f in. 1., oblong-
sublanceolate, scarcely falcate, acute, more or Jess coarsely serrated ; veins forked ;
sori at the forks, copious, rather nearer the costule than the margin, orbicular
compact. — A. Ourrori, Hk., Met.

Hab. Tropical Africa, S. of the Line, Dr. Curror ; Angola, Golungo alto, alt. 1,000-
2,400 ft., Welwitsch, n. 116 and 1162. — A very peculiar and well-marked species.

7. DIAOALPE. 8. MATONIA. 9. ONOCLEA. 45

65. A. obtusiloba, Hk. ; st. thicker than a swan's-quill, short, scarcely 4 in. 1.,
tuberculato - muricate, dark glossy purple like the rachis, which is nearly
smooth and quite glabrous; fr. firm-membranaceous, black-green, scarcely
paler beneath, 4 ft. and more long, pinnated, everywhere glabrous except on the_
costse above, pinnated ; pinnae 9-10 in. 1. (3-4 of the lowest pair much dwarfed),
shortly petioled, oblong, subacuminate, deeply pinnatifid nearly to the costse
below', less deeply upward ; lobes 5-7 lines 1., broad-oblong, scarcely falcate,
quite entire, very obtuse ; veins rather distant, forked, sori at the fork, copious,
small, prominent, nearer the costa than the margin.

Hab. Sierra del Crystal, Trop. Africa, Mann. — Equally distinct as a species^with the
preceding. Somewhat allied to this, I possess a specimen of an Alsophila? (sterile), from
Johanna Island, E. Trop. Afr., gathered by Dr. Kirk : the pinnce are all petiolate, 3 in.
1., oblong, shortly acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, especially towards the base, the lobes
rotundato-obscurely serrated, lowest inferior one generally free, glabrous ; costce sub-
pubescent and, as well as the forked veins, with scattered bullate scales beneath ; rachis
black-purple, below the apex winged between the superior pinnae.

GEN. 7. DIACALPE, BL

Sori globose, the receptacle small, scarcely elevated. Invol. inferior, globose,
hard-membranaceous, entire, at length bursting very irregularly at the summit.
Caps, numerous, nearly sessile ; ring broad. — Tab. I. f. 7«

1. D. aspidioides, Bl. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 59. D. pseudo-Ccenopteris, Kze. ?

Hab. Malay Islands ; Sylhet and Assam ; Ceylon. — Fr. tripinnate, submembrana-
ceous, often deciduously crinite ; pinnl. oblong-cuneate, lobed and more or less decur-
rent. This genus seems more appropriately placed with the Cyathece than with the
Dicksoniece. The fronds much resemble those of Davallia nodosa. — What is D. Mada-
gascariensis, Fee, Gen. Fil. p. 339. ?

GEN. 8. MATONIA, Br.

Recept. of the sori expanded into a firm-membranaceous, umbrella-shaped,
obscurely 6-lobed, stipitate invol., which covers and encloses 6 large sessile caps.
Not arborescent. Veins forked, free, except those around the sori, which are closely
reticulated. TAB. I. f. 8.

1. M. pectinata, Br. in Wall. PI. As. Rar. 1. 1. 16. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 286.

Hab. Summit of Mt. Ophir, Malacca. — One of the rarest and handsomest Ferns.
Fr. ample, fan-shaped, 1^-2 ft. w., hard-coriaceous, each portion subscorpioideo-pinnate on
one (the superior) side. Pinnl. consequently all secund pectinato-pinnatifid.

TRIBE II. DICKSONIEJS (excluding Hymenophyllese).

Sori globose, situated on the back or apex of a vein. Invol. inferior subglobose,
free, sometimes covering the whole sorus, closed, at length bursting irregularly; more
frequently cup-shaped, entire or with 2 lips. — Caudex rarely arborescent. Venation
free or anastomosing. GEN. 9-14.

GEN. 9. ONOCLEA, L. Sw., Mett., Hk.

Sori dorsal, globose, on the veins of the changed and contracted pinnoe of the
fertile fr. and quite concealed by their revolute margins. Invol. very thin,
delicate-membranaceous, hemispherical or half-cupshaped, originating from the
inferior side of the sorus, or wanting. — Gaud, erect or creeping. Fr. stipitate
dimorphous, pinnate or pinnatifid, with free or anastomosing veins. Large herba-
ceous Ferns of cold or temperate climates. TAB I. f. \).

46 10. HYPODERRIS. 11. WOODSIA, § £U WOODSIA.

§ Euonoclea. Pert. fr. bipinnate ; pinnl. recurvato-globose ; invol. a globose,
pellicle, bursting at the summit. Veins of the fertile fr. copiously anastomosing.

1. O. sensibilis, ~L.—Hlc. Sp. Fil. 4. p. 160.

Hab. N. Am., U. St., from Florida to Canada ; N. Asia, Amur, Japan, and Manchuria.

Struthiopteris, W. Hk. G. Fil. t. 69.— Sp. 2.3. Fert.fr. pinnate; pinnae
or flattish. Veins all free pinnated; invol. subhemispherical, very

2. O. Germanica, W. ; fr. broad-lanceolate, long-attenuated at the base ; fert.
pinnae short, much contracted, linear-terete, torulose, lobed and torn at the
margin ; invol. cup-shaped, very fragile and soon obsolete. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 161.

Hab. N. Europe, Scandinavia to Austria ; N. Asia, Manchuria to Altai ; N. America,
Canada to Pennsylvania.

3. 0. orientalis, Hk. ; fr. ovato-oblong, not attenuated at the base ; fert. ones
oblong (often 2 ft. 1.) contracted ; pinnae linear-oblong, flattened 2-edged, the
broad refracted margins covering the whole back, dark purple-brown, glossy, at
length spreading, torn at the margin, inv. 0. ? — Hk. 2nd Cent, of F. t. 4. Sp. 4.
p. 161.

Hab. Sikkim, alt. 12,000 ft. ; Assam ; Hakodadi, Japan.— I think Mettenius has
done well in uniting Onoclea and Struthioptens; and also in placing the genus near
Woodsia, on account of the involucre (when present) having its origin beneath the sorus.

GEN. 10. HYPODERRIS, Br.

Sori subglobose in lines or series parallel with the second, veins. Invol. calyci-
form, thin-membranaceous, fimbriated at the margin. — Frond simple, subcordato-
hastate, costate, pinnatedly veined, membranaceous; veins alter nato-flexuose.
Veinlets copiously anastomosing. TAB. I. f. 10.

1. H. Brownii, J. Sm.— Hk. Sp. p. 57. Ic. PI. t. 675, 676 ; and in Gard. F.
t. 24. Woodsia, Mett.

Hab. Trinidad.— Fr. 10-12 in. 1., often hastately 3-lobed.

GEN. 11. WOODSIA, Br.

Sori globose. Invol. inferior, soft-membranaceous, from the first calyciform
or more or less globose, and sometimes enclosing the sorus, at length opening at
the top, the margin or mouth irregular Jobed or fringed. — Small herbaceous Ferns
of cold or temperate climates, much tufted: the stipes often jointed and separating
at the joint. TAB. l.i. 11.

§ Euwoodsia. — Invol. smaller than the sorus, but fringed with hairs which extend
beyond it. TAB. I. f. 11. Sp. 1-3.

1. W. Ilvensis, Br. ; slightly hairy above, St., rachis, costules, and veins below
crinite, with copious, rufous, chaffy scales ; fr. broad-lanceolate ; pinnae oblong,
obtuse, broader at the base, sessile, deeply pinnatifid with many oblong, obscurely
crenated lobes.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 63, and Brit. F. t. 8.

Hab. Arctic regions and high mountains in the temperate zone, Europe, Asia, and
America.

2. W. hyperborea, Br. ; glabrous, or with the St., rachis, and costce beneath
slightly hairy, mixed with a few scattered scales; fr. linear-lanceolate, pin-
nated ; pinnae cordato-ovate, pinnatifid with few (5-7) broadly-obovate, entire
lobes ; the inf. lobes distant.— Hk. Sp^.p. 64, and Brit. F. t. 7.

Hab. Similar in its distribution to the preceding.

11. WOODSIA, §§ PHYSEMATIUM. 47

3. W. ylabeUa, Br. ; quite glabrous ; fr. linear, tapering a little below, pin-
nated ; pinnae very remote towards the short St., all of them deltoid, very obtuse,
cut into few (3-7) short-rounded or subcuneate, entire lobes. — Br. Hk. Sp, 1.
p. 64, and in Fl. B. Am. 2. t. 237.

Hab. America, from the hills of New York northward to the Arctic regions ; Arak-
amtchechene Island, Behring's Straits ; Norway, Tyrol, Carinthia. — Possibly a glabrous
form of W. hyperborea ; and there is a subglabrous Arctic American plant which closely
resembles W. Ihensis.

4. W. lanosa, Hk. ; fr. oblong pinnated, quite shaggy with most copious, soft,
long ferruginous hairs, mixed with very narrow, long, chaffy subulate scales ;
pinnae subcordate, dentate or lobato-dentate, scarcely pinnatifid (the rest as in

W. liyperborea).

Hab. N. India; Mountains of Kamaoun ; alt. 11-12,000', Strachey and Winter-
bottom; Sikkim, alt. 14-16,000', Hooker, ^.—Specimens from 3 different localities are
very uniform in the indument ; still, if W. glabella should prove a glabrous state of
W. hyperborea, this may prove a var. in the opposite extreme, sericeo-tomentose in a
very high degree.

§§ Physematium. Involucre larger than the sorus, not ciliated. Sp. 5-14.

5. W. mollis, J. Sm. ; fr. lanceolate pinnate, generally densely clothed, espe-
cially beneath, with soft jointed hairs, scarcely attenuated below ; pinnae sessile,
from a broader base, oblong, obtuse, pinnatifid ; lobes approximate, oval or
subrotund, entire or crenate ; sori marginal ; invol. opening with jagged, circular
mouth.— Hk. Sp. l.p. 60. Physematium, Kze. An. Pter. t. 27. W. fragilis,
Liebm.

Hab. Mexico ; Guatemala, Salvin & Godman, n. 123. Andes of Peru and Quito,
Jameson, McLean. — Our now copious specimens quite resemble Kunze's figure ; but the
involucres are rarely so perfect as he figures them.

6. W. Guatemalensis, Hk. ; fr. a span to 1-|- ft. 1., lanceolate, firm-mem-
braaaceous, much attenuated at the base with the lower pinnse remote,
glabrous or villous ; pinnae from a broad base oblong, very obtuse, pinnatifid ;
ultimate lobes oval, slightly crenato-serrate ; sori copious, submarginal ; invol
whitish, pale, globose, opening irregularly at the summit and very permanent in
that form.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 61. t. 21. A.

Hab. Guatemala (Salvin & Godman), Mexico (Liebmann, Schaffner). — What is W.
Cumingiana, Kze., Hk. Sp. 1. p. 61, supposed to be from Chili ?

7. W. Caucasica, J. Sm. ; fr. lanceolate, a span long, gland uloso-hirsute on
the rachises and costce, firm-membranaceous, bipinnate ; prim, pinnoe sessile,
nearly opposite, lanceolate, broadest at the base, acuminato-pinnatifid or again
pinnate ; lobes or ult. pinnl. oblong, acute, serrate ; sori large, 2 on each lobe or
pinnule, one on each side near the margin ; invoL globose, membranaceous, lax,
at first apparently entire with a central depression, at length opening with a
contracted, depressed, irregular and somewhat 2-lobed mouth. — Hk. Sp. l.p. 62.
Hymenocystis, C. A. Meyer.

Hab. Eare ; rocky places in the Caucasus, alt. 1,000-6,000 ft.

8. W. elongata, Hk. ; glanduloso-pilose, especially above ; fr. a span to 1 ft. 1.,
oblong, pinnated ; pinnce rather distant, alternate, sessile, from a broadish base,
oblong obtuse, pinnatifid not more than half-way down ; lobes short, rounded
inciso-dentate, each bearing a sorus (rarely more) on the lower anterior veinlet,
near the sinus ; invol. lax, very membranaceous, globose, soon bursting with an
irregular opening at the apex.— Hk. Sp. l.p. 62. t. 21. C.

Hab. N. W. India, alt. 10,000 ft. ; Edgeworth, Strachey, & Thomson.

48 11. WOODSIA, §§ PHYSEMATIUM.

9. W* polystichioides, Eat. \fr. a span long, subcoriaceo-membranaceous, opaque,
lanceolate-pinnate, sparsely subulato-squamulose ; pinnce patent, approximate,
sessile, 6-8 in* 1., lanceolate, acute, cuneato-truncate at the base, acutely auricled
at the superior base, entire or obsoletely crenate at the apex, indistinctly costate,
veins immersed, simple or forked ; sori marginal in a distinct line or series ; invol.
globose, of 4-5 concave, ciliated, incurved scales, strongly ciliated. — Hk. 2nd Cent.
of F. t> 2.— 13. Veitchii; fr. very villous. HJc. Gard. F.t. 32. ff. \. 2. 46.—
y. sinuata ; pinnae broader, more obtuse, lobato-pinnatifid. HJc. 1. c. t. 32. f. 3.

Hab. a. and /3. Japan, Eaton & Wilford. — y. Manchuria, a. Ta-lien-kwan, Yellow
Sea, China, Birnie.

10. W. Manchuriensis, Hk. ; fr. 6-8 in. ]., thin, membranaceous, oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, pinnated ; pinnce sessile, 1 in. or more L, rather remote,
oblong-obtuse, pinnatifid ; lobes oblique, patent, ovate, obtuse, entire or slightly
sinuate, unisorous ; veins pinnated in each lobe, lower superior vein soriferous ;
invol. globose, thin, membranaceous, at length opening with a toothed edge to the
contracted mouth.— HJc, 2nd Cent, of F. t. 98.

Hab. Manchuria, Wilford.

11. W. Burgessiana, Gerr. mst. ; fr. 6 in. 1., 2 in. w., lanceolate, glandulose-
pubescent, membranaceous, flaccid, pinnated ; pinnce sessile, from a broad trun-
cated base, oblong, pinnatifid ; lobes broad, subtruncated, toothed at the apex ;
sori small, rather sparse, submarginal ; invol. thin, membranaceous, depressed-
hemispherical, sublobate (apparently from the long capsules within), opening
irregularly at the apex, persistent, at length breaking down into a very irre-
gular margin.

Hab. Tugela R., Natal, Gerrard, McKen.

12. W. obtusa, Hk. ; fr. 6-10 in, L, broad-lanceolate, glabrous or minutel3r
glanduloso-pilose, firm membranaceous, pinnate or bipinn. ; prim, pinnce remote,
subopposite, slightly petiolafce, deltoideo-ovate, attenuated, obtuse, deeply pinna-
tifid, or the lower half again pinnate ; lobes or pinnl. oval-oblong, toothed or
inciso-lobulate ; sori submarginal, one to each lobe or lobule ; invol. very thin
and fragile, soon breaking down into irregular or laciniated lobes. — Hk. Sp. 1. p.
63, and Gard. F. t. 43.— W. Perriniana, Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 68.— (3. Lyattii;
pinnl. and lobes smaller, bright green. — y. andina; smaller and more coriaceous.

Hab. N. Mexico ; U. States, to the Rocky Mountains. )3. Brit. N. W. Am., LyalL
y. S. Am., especially on the Andes. — I am a little doubtful about some of the S. Am.
specimens, which I refer here, and which are smaller and more robust, and rarely, if at
all, bipinnate ; especially a " W. crenata and W. canescens," of Mandon, from Bolivia,
alt. 2,700-3,800 metres, "Cistopteris vestita, Pr.,"from Brazil, and an unnamed plant from
Venezuela, Funck & Schlim, n. 981 : — the peculiarities may, however, arise from great
elevation or other circumstances.

13. W.incisa, Gill. \fr. broad-lanceolate, minutely glanduloso-pilose pinnated ;
pinnce approximate, subopposite, sessile, oblong, obtusely attenuated, deeply
pinnatifid, or sometimes again pinnate ; lobes or pinnl. pinnatifidly lobed and
toothed or incised, with obtuse teeth ; sorus solitary on each lobule ne*r the
sinus; invol. glabrous, very thin and fragile, soon breaking down into spreading
lobes.— Hk. & Gr. Ic. F. t. 191. Hk. Sp. F. I. p. 63. Physematium, Kze.
Cheilanthes crenata, Kze. Hk. Sp. F. 2. p. 86.

Hab. Argentine Republic, Mendoza, San Luis Cordova, and Villavincenzia.

14. W. Peruviana, Hk. ; fr. oblong-lanceolate, piloso-glandulose, bipinnate ;
prim, pinnce nearly opposite, remote, sessile, ovate-acuminate ; pinnl. opposite
or rarely alternate, oblong, obtuse, sessile and decurrent, so that the rachis is
winged, somewhat pinnatifid with shallow bicuspidate lobes ; sorus solitary in

13. DICKSONIA, § CIBOTIUM. 49

eacli lobe, subglobose, at first entire, soon bursting with an irregular mouth and
breaking down into lobes and segments ; st. and main rachis glabrous. —
Ilk.Sp. I.^.GJ./. 21.B.

Hab. Andes of Peru. — Perhaps too near some of the Andine forms of W. obtusa. _

GEN. 12. SPH^EROPTERTS, Watt.

Sori globose, on the back of a vein or veinlet. Recept. large. Invol. inferior
globose, coriaceous, stipitate, at first enclosing the whole sorus, at length bursting
vertically into 2 spreading lobes or lips. TAB. I. f. 12.

1. S. barbata, Wall. PI. Asiat. liar. 1. t. 18. HJc. Sp. 1. p. 58. Peranema,

Don.

Hab. Nepal, Sikhim, Khasya (Hk. f. and Thorns.}, Western Ghats of Nilghiri,
Beddome. — Fr. 2-3 ft. 1., tripinnate. Pinnl. oblong, deeply pinnatifid,

GEN. 13. DICKSONIA, L'Herit.

Sori placed at the apex of a vein, intra-marginal. Invol. inferior, subglobose,
coriaceous or membranaceous, cup-shaped and entire, or more or less distinctly
2-valved. — About half the species are arborescent, with large decompound coriaceous
fronds ; the others have creeping rhizomes, and, with two exceptions, are at least
fully bipinnate. They principally inhabit Tropical America and Polynesia ; but one
species reaches as far north as Canada, and several others are scattered throughout
the southern parts of the Temperate Zone. Veins in all free. TAB. II. f. 13.

§ Cibotium, Kaulf. — Involucre distinctly 2-valved, the outer valve coriaceous,
distinct from the substance of the frond. Sp. 1-5.

1. D. (Cibotium} glauca, Smith ; arborescent ; Jr. bipinnate, ovate-lanceolate,
12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br. ; pinnL linear-acuminate, cut quite down to the rachis in
the lower part ; lobes linear-oblong, subfalcate ; texture subcoriaceous ; surface
naked on both sides, glaucous beneath ; veins prominent ; lateral veins of the
segments once or twice forked ; sori 2 to 12 to a lobe, inner valve oblong, nar-
rower than the outer.--.Hfc. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 82. t. 29. A.

Hab. Oahu, Sandwicb Islands, discovered by Menzies eighty years ago*

2. D. (Cibotium} Barometz, Link ; arborescent ; fr. bipinnate ; lower pinnce
ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br. ; pinnl. linear-acuminate, cut down within
a short distance of the rachis above, and sometimes quite down to it at the base ;
segm. linear-oblong, acute, subfalcate ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface
naked, shining, lower glaucous, sometimes furfuraceous ; veins prominent ; lateral
veins of the segments rarely forked ; sori 2 to 12 to a lobe, the valves nearly equal,
transversely oblong. — C. "glaucescens, Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 82. C. Assamicum,
Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 83. t. 29. B.

Hab. Assam, 8. China, Malayan Peninsula and Islands.

3. D. (Cibotium'] Menziesii ; arborescent ; fr. bipinnate ; lower pinnae 12-18
in. 1., 6-9 br. ; pinnl. linear-acuminate, cut down usually not more than half-way
to the rachis ; lobes rounded, blunt ; texture subcoriaceous ; surface naked on both
sides, not glaucous beneath ; veins prominent ; lateral veins of the segments simple
or forked ; sori 2 to. 8, rows with a broad space between them ; inner valve nar-
rower than the outer, oblong.— Hk. Sp. Fil. 1 . p. 84. t. 29. C.

Hab. Oahu and Honolulu, Sandwich Islands.

Gr

50 13. DICKSONIA, §§ EUDICKSONIA.

4. D. (Cibotiuin) Chamissoi ; arborescent;//1, bipinnate ; lower pinna? ovate*
lanceolate, 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br. ; pinnl. linear-acuminate, cut down to the
rachis below ; segm. oblong, bluntish, scarcely falcate ; texture coriaceous ; under
surface not glaucous, sometimes furfuraceous ; veins immersed ; lateral veins of
the segments usually once forked ; sori 2 to 12 to a lobe ; valves unequal, outer
one larger, suborbicular, inner one oblong.— ~Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 83.

Hab. Oahu, Sandwich Islands.

5. D. (Oibotiuin) Schiedei ; arborescent ; fr. bipinnate, ovate-lanceolate, 12-18
in. 1., 6-9 in. br. ; pinnl. linear, much acuminated, cut down nearly or quite to the
rachis ; lobes narrow, linear, acute, subfalcate ; texture suhcoriaceous ; upper
surface shining, dark-green, under side glaucous or arachnoid ; veins not promi-
nent ; lateral veins of the segments usually once forked ; sari 2 to 12 to a lobe,
the valves short, hemispherical, nearly equal. — Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 84. t. 30. A.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala. — All the five species appear to resemble one another
very closely. The caudex of this is said by Galeotti to attain a height of from 10-15 ft.

§§ Eudicksonia. Involucre distinctly 2-valved, the outer valve formed by the apex
of a segment. Sp. 6-17.

6. D. arborescens, L'Herit. ; arborescent ; fr. bipinnate ; lower pinna? 12-18
in. 1., 6-9 in. br. ; pinnl. linear, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis ; segm.
^ in. 1., J in. br., oblong ; rachises tomentose throughout, the main one densely
clothed ^at the base with linear ferruginous scales ; texture very coriaceous ;
fertile pinnl. often conspicuously contracted ; sori 2 to 6 to a lobe, large, globose ;
valves transversely oblong, nearly equal.— Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 66. t. 22. A.

Hab. St. Helena, near the summit of Diana's Peak ; caudex about 10 ft. high.

7. D. antarctica, Labill. ; arborescent ; fr. bipinnate ; lower pinnce 12-18 in. 1.,
6 in. br. ; pinnl. linear-acuminate, cut down to the rachis except at the apex ;
scgm.^ linear, acute, pinnatifid sometimes nearly to the rachis, J-J in. 1., -| in. br. ;
rachises naked or tomentose ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface naked, under
naked or more or less hairy, not glaucous ; fertile pinnl. slightly contracted ; sori
2 to 12 to a lobe, % a line across ; valves suborbicular. — Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 66.
D. fibrosa, Colenso, Hk. Sp. Fil. I. p. 68. t. 33. B, D. lanata, Colenso, Hk. Sp.
Fil. 1. p. 69. t. 33. C.

Hab. E. Australia, Van Diemen's Land, New Zealand, and New Caledonia. — Trunk
attaining 30-35 ft. ; fr. 2-3 yrds. 1., 2-2^ ft. across ; stems densely clothed at the base with
silky yellowish-brown fibres ; segm. often so narrow that the two rows of sori are quite
contiguous.

8. D. chrysotricha, _ Moore ; arborescent ; fr. bipinnate ; lower pinnce 12-18 in. 1.,
6-9 in. br. ; pinnl. linear, quite cut down to the rachis except towards the apex ;
segm. linear-oblong, deeply toothed, ^ in. 1., 2 lines br., bluntish ; main rachis
clothed with a thick coat of shining yellowish-brown hairs at the base ; rachis of
the pinnae and pinnules asperous and rather thickly tomentose ; texture coria-
ceous ; fertile pinnl. slightly contracted ; sori 2 to 6 to a lobe, | a line across ;
valves suborbicular. — Balantium chrysotrichum, Hassk. Cibotium speciosum,
Blume. D. Blumei, Mett. D. magnificum, De Vriese.

Hab. Java, ascending to 11,000 ft.— Probably this is D. Javanica, Blume (Hk. Sp.
Fil. 1. p. 78), and if so, this is the oldest name.

nate ; lower pinnce 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br. ; pinnl. linear, quite cut down to the
rachis in the lower part ; segm. ^ in. 1., less than | in. br., linear-oblong, acute,

13. DICKSONIA, §§ EUDICKSONIA. 51

subfalcate ; mainrachis usually smooth above, densely tomentose and subasperous
below ; texture coriaceous ; fertile pinnl. slightly contracted ; sori 2 to 6 to a
lobe, \ a line across ; valves suborbicular. — Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 67. t. 22. B. B. Kar-
stenianum, Klotzsch.

Hab. Tropical America, from Guatemala southward to Brazil and Peru. — Caudex
15-30 ft. high, 1 ft. thick ; " stipes £-2 ft. 1., so densely clad with long fulvous hairs,
changing to brown or blackish, as to precisely resemble the thighs of the howling
monkey . " — Spruce.

10. D. squarrosa, Swartz ; arborescent ;fr. bipinnate ; lower pinnae 12-18 in. 1.,
C-9 in. br. ; pinnl. of the barren frond linear-acuminate, cut down within a short
distance of the rachis above, quite to it below ; segm. % in. 1., | in. br., with close
mucronate teeth reaching about half-way down ; rachis rough with raised points,
densely clothed below with long, shining, light-brown hairs ; second, rachis also
dark-brown and asperous; texture coriaceous ; fertile pinnl. much contracted, cut
down nearly to the rachis ; sori 2 to 12 to a lobe, £-f line across ; valves subor-
bicular.— HL Sp. Fil. 1. p. 08.

Hab. New Zealand ; Richmond Kiver, N. S. Wales, C. Moore (D. Youngice, C. Moore,
MSS.). — "Trunk attaining 10-12 ft., slender, never more than 4 in. in diameter"
(C. Moore). Fronds about 1 yrd. 1., \ yrd. across.

11. D. Berteroana, Hk. ; arborescent ;fr. bipinnate ; lower pinnce 1 ft. 1., about
6 in. br. ; pinnl. of the barren frond linear-acuminate, cut down to the rachis except
at the very apex ; segm. ^-f in. 1., ^ in. br., subfalcate, nearly entire or broadJy
and bluntly toothed ; texture coriaceous ; rachis nearly naked, slightly asperous ;
fertile segm. consisting only of 2 to 8 stipitate sori with hardly any connecting
membrane ; valves of the invol. suborbicular, nearly equal. — Hk. Sp.Fil. I. p. 67-
t. 23. A. D. thyrsopteroides, Mett.

Hab. Juan Fernandez, Samoa, Fiji, and New Caledonia. — Trunk attaining a height
of 15 ft. This and the five preceding form a well-marked natural group, to which
J. Smith restricts the name Dicksonia ; but the present is very distinct by the character
of the fertile frond, connecting the others with Thyrsopteris ; but here sometimes there
are barren and fertile segments in the same pinnule.

12. D. Culcita, L'Herit. ; roots from a thick rhizome, densely clothed with
shining ferruginous hairs ; jr. 12-18 in. 1,, 1 ft. br., tripinnate ; lower pinnl. del-
toid, their divisions ovate, cut down to the rachis in the lower part, with oblong-
rhomboidal unequal-sided deeply-toothed segments, which are cuneate at the base
on the lower, truncate on the upper side ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises nearly
naked ; both surfaces naked ; fertile fr. so much 'contracted that there is very
little membrane between the sori, which are 1 line across, with reniform sub-
equal valves. — Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 70. Balantium, Kaulf., J. Sm.

Hab. Madeira and the Azores ; so abundant that the dense woolly covering of the
rhizome has now become an article of commerce.

13. D. coniifolia, Hk. ; fr. tripinnate ; lower pinnce 12-18 in. L, 12 in. br. ;
lower divisions of the pinnl. deltoid-acuminate, their segments cut down nearly
to the rachis, with ovate-rhomboidal, bluntish, deeply-tootbed lobes ; texture her-
baceous ; upper surface naked, lower and the rachises slightly hairy ; sori 2 to 8
to a lobe, a line across ; valves equal, reniform, several times broader than deep.
— Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 70. t. 24. A. D. Martiana, Klot. Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 70.
t. 24. B.

Hab. Jamaica and Columbia, southward to Brazil. — A much more divided plant than
any of the preceding, with sharply-cut acute ultimate segments, not more than |-| in. J.,
| in. br.

14. D. dubia, Gaud. ; fr. tri-quadripinimte ; lower pinnce 1-2 ft. L, 1 ft. br. ;

52 13. DICKSONIA, §§§ PATANIA.

lower divisions of the pinnl. deltoid-acuminate, their segments cut down to the
rachis, except at the very apex, with ovate-rhomboidal, acute, sharply- and
deeply- toothed lobes ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower naked
or somewhat hairy ; sori 2 to 12 to a lobe, minute, orbicular ; the outer valve
large, cucullate, the inner one inconspicuous. — Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 71. t. 24. C.
D, straminea, Labill., Hk. Sp. Fil. I. p. 71. D. Torreyana, Brack, t. 38. /. 2.

Hab. S. Australia, Van Diemen's Land, New Caledonia, Aneiteum, Fiji group and
other Polynesian islands. — Nearest to D. coniifolia, but easily distinguishable by its
coriaceous texture, minute sori, and very narrow and sharp ultimate segments.

15. D. Plumieri, Hk. ; fr. bipinnate ; louter pinnce 12-18 in. L, 6-0 in. br. ;
lower pinnl. lanceolate-triangular, 6-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., cut down at the lower
part to the rachis, with linear-acuminate broadly-toothed segments ; upper pinnl.
linear only, slightly lobed ; rachis and surface quite naked ; texture herbaceous ;
lateral veins of the segments simple or once or twice forked ; sori 2 to 20 to a
segment ; invol. small, membranaceous, suborbicular, deeply 2-valved, the outer
valve at length cucullate. — Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. 72. D. Lindeni, Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. 72.
t, 25. B. Davallia adiantoides, Swartz, Grisebach. Cibotium, Presl.

Hab. West Indian Islands and Columbia. — At first the involucre is that of a Davallia
rather than a Dicksonia, but the outer valve is ultimately hooded. Adiantoides is the
oldest specific name, but there is already a D. adiantoides, H. B. K.

16. D. sorbifolia, Smith ; fr. bipinnate ; lower pinnae about 1 ft. 1., 3-4 in. br. ;
pinnl. slightly stalked, linear, truncate or cordate at the base, undivided, with
small sharp serrations towards the apex ; rachis naked or slightly hairy ; tex-
ture subcoriaceous ; lateral veins of the segments usually once forked ; sori very
numerous to a pinnule ; invol. subglobose, membranaceous ; outer valve cucullate.
— Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 72. t. 25. A.

Hab. Moluccas and Isle of Henimpe, Hindostan.

17. D. abrupta, Bory ; fr. simply pinnate, 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnce ses-
sile, lanceolate, hardly toothed, the lower about 3 in. 1., 1 in. br., the two halves
rather unequal, the base of the upper one truncate, that of the lower slightly auri-
culate ; rachis naked ; texture coriaceous ; veins close, fine, inconspicuous I fertile
pinnce narrow, acuminate ; sori numerous, placed along both edges ; outer valve
reniform, nearly a line broad, inner smaller, suborbicular. — Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 72.
Nephrolepis, Mett. Leptopleuria, Presl.

Hab. Bourbon. — Very like Nephrolepis davallioides in habit and general appearance.

§§§ Patania, Presl. Dennstsedia, Bernh., Moore. — Involucre cup-shaped, not
ctt all or only very indistinctly 2-valved. Sp. 18-29.

* Fronds ample ; lower pinnce 9-24 in. in length. Sp. 18-25.

18. D. adiantoides, H, B. K. ; rhizome creeping ; fr. bipinnate ; lower pinnce
12-24 in. 1., 6-12 in. br. ; pinnl. linear, cut down in the lower part nearly to the
rachis ; the segm. oblong-rhomboidal, blunt, with 2 to 4 bluntish lobes in each
side, which do not reach half-way to the rachis ; texture herbaceous, under surface
and rachises finely hairy ; sori 2 to 8 to a segment, placed at the base of the
sinuses, about £ line across ; invol. cup-shaped. — Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 75. t. 26. B.
D. erosa, Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 75. D. obtusa, Moritz. D. consanguinea, Klotzsch.
D. dissecta, Grisebach, non Hooker.

Hab. Tropical America, from the West Indies southward to Brazil. — Fronds often
12 ft. 1. ; segments of the lower pinnules f-1 in. 1., A in. br. D. Sprucci, Moore, seems
closely allied to this ; but our specimens are very imperfect.

13. DICKSONIA, §§§ PATANIA. 53

19. D. cicutaria, Swartz ; rhizome creeping ; fr. bipinnate ; lower pinnce 12-18
in. 1., 6 in. br. ; pinnl. linear-acuminate, cut down in the lower part nearly or
quite to the rachis ; segm. oblong-deltoid, deeply inciso-pinnatifid ; texture her-
baceous ; under surface and rachi&es naked or finely hairy ; sori 2 to 12 J;o a
segment, placed at the base of the sinuses, about ^ line across ; invol. cup-shaped.
— Hk. Sp. Fit. 1. p. 76. non Grisebach. D. tenera, PresL D. ordinata, Kaulf.
Hk. Sp. Fil 1. p. 75. D. cornuta, Kaulf. Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 76.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Rio Janeiro
and Peru. — Segments of the lower pinnules about 1 in. 1., ^ in. br. Closely allied to the
preceding, from which it differs by its sharper and more divided segments : these two
are bipinnate only, all the other ample-fronded Dennstedice being tripinnate.

20. D. apiifolia, Swartz ;fr. tripinnate ; lower pinnae 12-18 in. l.,6-9 in. br. ;_
linear, quite cut down to 'the rachis throughout ; lower segm. deltoid or oblong-
rhomboidal, cut down very nearly to the rachis in the lower half, with deeply-
and sharply - toothed lobes ; texture herbaceous ; racMs and both surfaces
naked or nearly so, shining ; sori 2 to 12 to a segment, placed at the bottom of
the sinuses of the lobes ; invol. subglobose, cup-shaped, i line across. — Hk. Sp.
Fil. 1. p. 77. t. 26. C.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador and Peru. — A fully tripinnate plant with shining bright-green
subrigid fronds, the lowest segments 1 in. 1., ^ in. br. According to Grisebach, this is
the D. cicutaria of Swartz ; but I have not seen West Indian specimens. Sitolobium
samoense of Brackenridge, tab. 38, is described as closely allied to this species.

21. D. rubiginosa, Kaulf. ;fr. tripinnate ; lower pinnae 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br. ;
pinnl. linear, quite cut down to the rachis throughout ; lower segm. deltoid or
oblong-rhomboidal, deeply inciso-pinnatifid ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and
under surface finely tomentose ; sori 2 to 12 to a segment, placed at the base of
the sinuses ; invol. cup-shaped, subglobose, ^ line across. — Hk. Sp. Fil. 1.
p. 79. t. 27. A. D. dissecta, Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 77. j8. D. anthriscifolia, Kaulf. ;
segm. larger and more divided ; rachis and under surface nearly naked. — Hk.
Sp. Fil I. p. 79. t. 27. B.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Brazil and
Peru (both varieties), Bourbon and Mauritius. — A less elegant plant than D. apiifolia,
duller in colour, and with the under surface more or less hairy. Rachises slightly
asperous ; lower segments ^-1 in. 1.

22. D. flaccida, Swartz ; fr. tripinnate ; lower pinnce 9-15 in. 1., 6 in. br. ;
pinnl. lanceolate, quite cut down to the rachis throughout ; lower segm. ovate-
rhomboidal, bluntish, cut down nearly to the rachis three or four times on each
side, and the lobes again toothed ; texture herbaceous ; rachises densely tomen-
tose ; sori 2 to 8 to a segment, placed at the base of the sinuses ; invol. sub-
globose, cup-shaped, J line across. — Ilk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 77.

Hab. Aneiteum and New Hebrides, Milne. — Perhaps not distinct from D. rubiginosa,
with which it quite corresponds in the size and division of the frond, but the habit is more
rigid, and the rachises are densely tomentose throughout. The Cocos Island plant is
D. rubiyinosa.

23. D. Moluccana, Blume ; fr. tripinnate ; lower pinnce 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in br. ;
pinnl. linear-lanceolate, quite cut down to the rachis throughout ; lower segm.
oblong-rhomboidal, cut down to the rachis in the lower part, with blunt, oblong-
deltoid lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; main and second, rachises prickly ; sori
2 to 12 to a segment ; invol. subglobose, ^ line across. — Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 78.

Hab. Java. — Resembling D. rubiyinosa in habit, but more coriaceous in texture, and
the stems thickly furnished with strong hooked prickles. Lower segments f-1 in. 1.,
i in. br. D. scandens of Blume, also from Java, which is probably D. Zippdiana, Kunze,

54 13. DICKSONIA, §§§ PATANIA.

is said to differ from this by its more flaccid fronds, and in the larger teeth of the seg-
ments ; and a plant (probably the same) was gathered in Tahiti by the American expe-
dition under Captain Wilkes. (See Brackenridge, p. 275.)

24. D. davaBio&kg, R. Brown ; fr. tripinnate ; lower pinnae 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in.
br. ; pinnl. linear-acuminate, cut quite down to the rachis ; segm. oblong-rhom-
boidal, deeply inciso-pinnatifid ; rachis shining, not prickly, glabrous or nearly
so ; texture herbaceous, under surface slightly hairy ; sori 2 to 8 to a segment,
placed at the base of the sinuses ; invol. subglobose, cup-shaped, ^ of a line across.
—HL Sp. Fil. I. p. 71. D. nitidula, Kunze, Mett. Fil. Lips. t. 28.

Hab. Australia, both temperate and tropical. — Habit of growth lax, and texture of the
frond thinner than in any of the other species. Fronds 2-4 ft. 1. ; lower segments under |
in. 1., 2-3 lines br., and finely cut. The Philippine Island D. cuneata (Hk. Sp. Fil. 1.
p. 80. t. 28. C.) seems to be a form of this with broader segments than usual.

25. D. tSmithiij Hk. ; fr. tripinnate ; lower pinnae 9-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; //*/«,«(/.
linear-acuminate, cut down to the rachis throughout, with rather distant, narrow,
acute segments ; lower segm. \ in. 1., 2 lines br. ; rachises slightly inciso-pinnatifid ;
and under surface densely tomentoso-glandular ; texture subcoriaceous ; sori
2 to 8 to a segment ; invol. subglobose, cup-shaped, J line across. — Hk. Sp. Fil. 1.
p. 80. t. 28. D.

Hab. Philippine Islands, Cuming. — Rachises similar to those of D. flaccida, but pin-
nules narrower and segments much smaller and less divided.

** Entire frond not more than 12-18 in. long. Sp. 26-29.

26. D. obtusifolia, Willd. ; rhizome creeping ; fr. 12-18 in. ]., 9 in. br. at the
widest part, simply pinnate only, oblong-lanceolate ; pinnae linear, 4-5 in. 1.,
1 in. br., cut in the lower part f down to the rachis into oblong-quadrangular
blunt lobes, with 2 or 3 shallow blunt teeth on each side ; texture membrana-
ceous ; rachises tomentose ; sori 2 to 6 to a pinnule ; invol. subglobose, cup-
shaped, nearly £ lin. across.— D. Pavoni, Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 74. t. 26. A.

Hab. Andes of Peru, Barclay. — This coincides with D. adiantoides in the shape of the
lobes, but is simply pinnate only, so that a single large pinna of adiantoides equals in
size and division the whole frond here.

27. D. scabra, Wall. ; fr. 9-15 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., deltoid or lanceolate, bipin-
nate ; lower pinnae 4-8 in. 1., lanceolate ; pinnl. quite distinct, 3-1^ in. 1., \ in.
br., the lower ones cut down nearly to the rachis into numerous pinnatifid
oblong deltoid segments on both sides ; texture herbaceous or subcoriaceous ;
rachis and under surface more or less hairy ; sori 2 to 6 to the lower segments ;
invol. cup-shaped, subglobose, ^ line across. — Hlc. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 80. t. 27. B.
D. deltoidea, Hk.' Sp. Fil. 1. p. 80. t. 27. A. Sitolobium strigosum, J. Sm.

Hab. India, from the Himalayas to Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula. — Stipe sometimes
1 ft. 1., asperous, very hairy below ; rhizome wide-creeping.

28. D. punctilola, Hk. ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., lanceolate, bipinnate ; lower
pinnos lanceolate, 4-6 in. 1., cut quite down to the rachis except at the top ;
pinnl. ovate-rhomboidal, about \ in. 1., | in. br., deeply pinnatifid ; texture thinly
herbaceous ; rachis and under surface more or less glanduloso-pilose ; sori 2 to
12 to a pinnule, placed at the base of the simises ; invol. subglobose, cup-shaped,
£ line across.— Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 79.

Hab. Temperate N. America, from Canada southward to Carolina and Tennessee.

29. D. appendiculata, Wallich ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6 in. br., lanceolate, bipinnate ;
lower pinnw linear-lanceolate, 3-4 in. 1., cut down quite to the rachis unless at

14. DEPARIA. 55

the apex ; pinnl. linear-oblong, | in. 1., little more than 2 lines br., pinnatifid
within a short distance of the rachis into numerous linear lobes ; texture her-
baceous ; rachis and under surface glanduloso-pilose ; sori 2 to 16 to a pinnule,
placed at the base of the sinuses ; invol. cup-shaped, globose, |- line across. — Hk.
Sp. Fil. 1. p. 79. t. 27. C.

Hab. Nepaul and Kumaon. — This and the preceding resemble in habit A thyrium
filix-fcunina. Species 13 to 29, except 17, fall under the genus Sitolobium of /. Smith,
and have creeping rhizomes.

GEN. 14. DEPARIA. Hook. & GrevS

Sori protruded from the margin of the frond, or even stipitate. Invol. shal-
lowly-cupshaped, membranaceous, not 2-valved. — Three very rare tropical species
with broad, ample leafy segments, which differ from Dennstaedia mainly by their extra-
marginal sori. Veins anastomosing in one of the species (Cionidium, Moore}.

1. D. prolifera, Hk. ; fr. once fully pinnate ; lower pinnae about 6-9 in. ].,
1-l^r in. br., pinnatifid down throughout within a short distance of the rachis ;
lobes oblong, slightly toothed, with often a space equalling their breadth between
them ; lateral veins of the lobes all simple ; texture herbaceous ; sori 4 to 12 to
a lobe, extra-marginal, sessile or stipitate. — Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 85 ; Fil.Exot. t. 82.
D. Macraei, H. & G. Ic. Fil. 1. 154.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

2. D. concinna ; fr. once fully pinnate ; lower pinnae more than 1 ft. 1., nearly
2 in. br., cut down to the rachis in the lower part, but becoming nearly entire
towards the apex ; lobes blunt, entire, broadly oblong-rhomboidal, unequal-sided
and decurrent downwards ; lateral veins of the lobes once or twice branched ;
texture subcoriaceous ; sori 2 to 6 to a lobe, placed round the outer edge. —
Davallia concinna, Presl. Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 74. Deparia Matthewsii, Hk. Sp.
Fil. \.p. 75. t. 30. B.

Hab. Peru, gathered by Matthews and Spruce. — This resembles closely JDicksonia
adiantoides in habit. It has the lower part of the sori included within the margin, and
is placed by Moore in Dennstcedia.

3. D. Moorei, Hk. ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., cordate-deltoid in general out-
line, pinnate below, pinnatifid only above ; lower pinnce 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., cut
down to the rachis below into deeply-pinnatifid broadly-toothed lobes ; veins
anastomosing ; texture thinly herbaceous ; sori copious, extra-marginal or stipi-
tate.— Hk. Exot. Ferns., t. 28. Cionidium, T. Moore. Trichocarpa, J. Smith.

Hab. New Caledonia, gathered by C. Moore and Lenormand. — A much smaller plant
than the others, with thin, broad, leafy fronds and anastomosing venation.

TRIBE III. HYMENOPHYLLE^J (including Loxsoma).

Sori terminal or marginal from the apex of a vein. Recept. elongated, often fili-
form and long, and exserted more or less, especially below clothed with sessile orbicular
imbricated subpeltate compressed capsules, surrounded by a complete transverse ring,
opening vertically. Invol. inferior, various in shape, generally of the same texture as
the frond. Small often epiphytal Ferns, herbaceo-membranaceous, more or less^ laxly
cellular, variously costate and veined. Caudex frequently long-creeping, and filiform.
(In Loxsoma the oblique ring of the subpedicellate capsule is incomplete ; the fronds
are coriaceous.) GEN. 15-17'

56 16. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

GEN. 15. LOXSOMA, Br.

Sori marginal, in the sinus of the teeth or lobes, terminating a vein, declined.
InvoL suburceolate, coriaceous, the mouth truncated, entire. Recept. elongated,
much exserted, clothed to the apex with stipitate caps, (mixed with jointed hairs),
which have a short broad incomplete oblique ring, opening vertically. Caudex
long, stout, creeping, paleaceous. Fr. long -stipitate, coriaceous, decompound, glaucous
beneath. Veins simple or forked. TAB. II. f. 15.

1. L. Cunninghami, Br. Sp. p. 86. Gard. F. t. 31.

Hab. N". Zealand ; Northern Island. — Fr. 1-1 ^ ft. high. A remarkable Fern, with
the habit of a coriaceous Dicksonia; the fructification rather of Trichomanes, but with a
very short and oblique ring to the capsule.

GEN. 16. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

Sori marginal, more or less sunk in the frond or exserted, terminating a costa
or vein. Invol. inferior, more or less deeply 2-lipped or 2-valved, of nearly the
same texture as the frond, toothed, or fringed, or entire. Recept. elongated^
columnar, exserted or included. Caps, mostly orbicular, depressed, attached by
the centre, furnished with a broad transverse ring, opening irregularly at the
apex. Small, sometimes very minute Ferns, of tropical and temperate climates,
frequenting trunks of trees and damp rocks, the fronds delicately membranaceous in
texture, often of a lurid or olivaceous green, simple or compound, costate or with simple
or branched (never anastomosing] veins.-)- TAB. II. f. 16.

* Fronds glabrous, simple or slightly lobed, or once or twice dichotomous.
Sp. 1-5.

1. H. cruentum, Cav. ; st. slender, naked, 3-6 in. 1. ; fr. ovate-lanceolate,
slightly sinuated, 3-5 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br. below ; the veins simple, prominent,
branching from the costa to the margin at regular intervals, erecto-patent ; sori
6-12 on each side, placed at the apex of the sinuations, the cuneate base sunk in
the frond, the lips divided about half-way down, free, entire. — Hk. Sp. Fil. 1.
p. 87. t. 31. A. Hymenoglossum, Presl.

Hab. Chili, especially in the province of Valdivia. — Quite peculiar in its habit of
growth.

2. H. parvifolium, Baker ; st. not more than 1 line 1. ; fr. very minute, 2-3
lines 1., 1 line br., linear-oblong, simple or cleft at the apex, sometimes half-way

f The principal, or at any rate the most copious, recent writer on Trichomanes and
Hymenophyllum is the late Dr. Van den Bosch, whose magnum opus, the " Hymeno-
phyllaceae Javanicae," contains engravings of many of the species, which, in point of beauty
and delicacy of execution, have rarely been equalled. But his views, and their practical
carrying out with regard to the limitation of genera and species, were the very opposite
of those of Sir William Hooker, as may be judged from the fact that in his Synopsis and
Supplement, 450 so-called species are given, and that out of what are here considered
two genera, he makes twenty-four. Upon this point Sir William Hooker wrote : " This
genus and the following one have had their species multiplied to an extent with which I
cannot at all concur. The late learned Dr. Van den Bosch, in his widely- scattered publi-
cations, has no doubt described many new species, which it has not been in my power to
identify ; but having been favoured with his opinion on a large portion of my collection,
I regret to be compelled to join with my friend Dr. Grisebach in the opinion expressed
in his 'Flora of the British West-Indian Islands,' that many of the species are not well
founded."

16. HYMENOPHYLLUM. 57

down, furnished only with a central costa and a few faint irregular free spurious
venules, the margin not thickened ; sori solitary, terminal, the cuneate base
sunk in the frond, divided about halfway down ; valves rounded, entire. — Baker,
in Linn. Proceed, inedit. cum icone.

Hab. Moulmeine, Rev. C. S. Parish. — The smallest and simplest species of the genus,
rivalling in minuteness Trichomanes Barklianum and Vitiense.

3. H. corticola, Hk. ; st. 2 to 4 lin. 1. ; fr. 1-1 \ in. 1., 1 lin. br., subcuneate in
circumscription, two or three times dichotomously divided ; segm. linear-oblong,
emarginate, with only a single central costa in each ; sori solitary, terminal, the
cuneate base sunk in the frond, the semi-orbicular lips free. — Hk. in Thwaites
Enum. PL Ceyl. p. 397.

Hab. Ceylon, on trees, Gardner, Thwaites. — Very like //. marginatum in habit, but
thinner in substance, darker in colour, the pagina nearly flat, and the margin not
thickened.

4. H. marginatum, Hk. & Gr. ; st. 2-4 lin. 1. ; fr. linear, once or twice forked,
about 1 in. 1., 1 lin. br., furnished with a central costa ; texture firm ; margin
bounded by a thickened line, the apex emarginate ; sori terminal, solitary, sub-
orbicular, divided down nearly to the base, with convex entire valves. — Hk. & Gr.
Ic. Fit. t. 34. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 87. Pachyloma, V. D. B.

Hab. Port Jackson, Australia, rare. — Substance of the frond undulated.

5. H. asplenioides, Sw. ; st. 1-2 in. 1., slender ; fr. 2-4 in. 1., by ^-1 in. br.,
pendulous, oblong in general outline, pinnatifid to within a short distance of
the rachis ; lower lobes rhomboidal-cuneate, cleft on both sides or one only ;
upper lobes simple, linear-oblong ; sori 1-4, terminal on the segments of the
lobes; invol. orbicular, free, cleft nearly to the base. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 87. Ic.
PL t. 957.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Mexico southward to Brazil. — Easily recog-
nizable by its peculiar habit of growth.

** Fronds glabrous, one to four times pinnatifid. — Sp. G-30.

6. H. abruptum, Hk. ; st. about | in. 1., very slender ; fr. £-1 in. 1., £-| in. br.,
oblong, pinnatifid to within a short distance of the main rachis ; pinnce linear,
erecto-patent, about £• in. 1., 1 lin. br., sometimes dichotoinously forked, only a
central midrib in each division ; sori 1 or 2 to a frond, terminal on the apex or
upper segments ; invol. not divided more than halfway down, the base cuneate,
the valves rounded ; recept. occasionally protruded. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 88. t. 31. B.
H. brevifrons, Kunze.

Hab. Jamaica, Cuba, Guatemala, Venezuela, and Brazil. — Allied to H. rarum, but
the main rachis has a broader wing below, and the pinnae are at most simply forked.

7. H. mnioides, Baker; st. not more than ^ in. 1., very slender ; fr. 1-2 in. 1.,
J in. br., linear, once pinnatifid ; rachis winged throughout ; the segm. all
quite simple, linear, the lower ones slightly imbricated, erecto-patent, 2 lin. 1.,
\ lin. br, the upper ones pressed close to the rachis and much imbricated ; sori
solitary on three or four of the upper segments, large compared with the size of
the plant, divided about halfway down, the base campanulate ; valves more than
half a circle, large, membranaceous.

Hab. New Caledonia, Pic du Mont Mu, Deplanche.—A minute moss-like plant, with
the habit of Mnium undulatum or serratum, but dark-brown in colour. It is allied to
the preceding and the following, but whilst the segments are quite simple, the main
rachis is scarcely winged below.

58 16. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

8. H. rarum,~R. Br. ; st. very slender, 1-3 in. 1. -,fr. flaccid, pendent, 2-6 in, 1.
by 1-2 in. br., linear-oblong or oblong, bipinnatifid, the main rachis winged
throughout ; pinnae simple, linear, or forked or pinnatifid, with two or three
deeply-cut segments on each side, which are |— | in. 1., 1 lin. br. ; swi large,
terminal on the segments of the upper pinnae, often 1 lin. br., divided halfway
down or more, the base cuneate, the valves rounded. — Hk. Sp. I. p. 101. H.
semibivalve, Hk. $ Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 33. H. Natalense and tabulare, F. D. B.

Hab. New Zealand, Auckland Isles, Van Diemen's Land, Mauritius, Natal, and Cape
Colony. — A plant from Chiloe, gathered by Cuming, must probably be referred here ;
and in the specimens to which I have access I cannot distinguish the Japanese H.
Wrightii, V. D. B., and the Fuegian H. Darwinii, V. D. B. The New Zealand //. imbri-
catum of Colenso differs by having the rachis much shortened, scarcely more than 1 in. 1.,
and the pinnae imbricated and slightly crisped. This and the two preceding differ from
the species that follow next by their much broader segments.

9. H. capillaceum, Roxb.; st. about 1 in. 1., slender ; fr. 2-4 in. 1., by 1 in. or
more br., oblong, pinnate, with distant segments ; main rachis free throughout ;
lower pinnae alternate, about \ in. distant from one another, broadly rhomboidal,
cut down to the rachis in the lower part but winged above ; segm. % in. 1., 1 lin.
br., simple or once forked ; sori 2-6 to each pinna, terminal on the lateral
segments ; invol. divided down nearly to the base ; the valves orbicular, strongly
toothed.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 109. t. 38. B.

Hab. Confined to the island of St. Helena, where it has been long known. — Much
resembling in habit a slender form of H. Tunbridgense.

10. H. gracile, Bory; st. 2-3 in. 1., slender, wiry ; fr. 2-6 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., lan-
ceolate or oblong-acuminate, tripinnatind ; main rachis nearly wingless through-
out ; pinnae distant, 1-3 in. 1., broadly rhomboidal, erecto-patent, cut down
within a very short distance of the rachis ; pinnl. sometimes simple, sometimes
again pinnatifid, with simple or forked narrowly linear divisions; sori large, 2-4
to a pinna, terminal or axillary on the lateral segments ; invol. not divided
more than halfway down ; valves rounded.— Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. ». 110. Hk. & Gr.
Ic. Fil. t. 198.

Hab. Bourbon and Mauritius. — The Van Diemen's Land H. Gunnii, V. D. B,, is
either the same plant or very near it ; and a plant from Chiloe, gathered by Cuming, is
probably the same. Intermediate in habit between the preceding and H. polyanthos.

11. H. exsertum, Wall. ; st. 1-2 in. 1., slender ; fr. 2-6 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., lanceo-
late-oblong, bipinnatifid ; main rachis winged above or throughout, more or less
densely clothed with deciduous ferruginous hairs; lower pinnae rhomboidal, lan-
ceolate-acuminate, divided more than halfway down to the rachis into simple
or forked linear pinnules, slightly hairy on the principal veins ; sori 2-8 to a
pinna, terminal or axillary on the segments on both sides ; invol. divided down
nearly to the base ; valves oblong, bluntly denticulate at the apex. — Hk. Sp. 1 .
p. 109. t. 38. A. H. macroglossum, V. D. B.

Hab. Hills throughout India, from the Himalayas southward to Ceylon. — See remarks
under //. scabrum. It is recognizable also by the large lanceolate pinnse which have the
central half entire.

12. H. axillare, Swartz ; st. 1-2 in. 1., very slender; fr. 3-8 in. 1., f-1 in. br.,
flaccid, pendent, linear-oblong, tripinnatifid ; main rachis winged throughout or
above only ; lower pinnae varying from under \ in. 1., with simple segments, to
\\ in. 1., divided down nearly to the rachis, with pinnatifid pinnules with several
segments ; ult. segm. not more than 1 lin. 1. ; sori 2-12 to a pinna, terminal
on the lateral segments ; invol. divided more than halfway down : valves rounded,
entire.— /$. Sp. I. p. 111. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. 1. 124. H. apicale, V.D.B. Griseb.

16. HYMENOPHYLLUM. 59

Hab. West Indian Islands and Venezuela. — Both this and H. myriocarpwm are some-
times slightly crisped.

13. H. reniforme, Hk. ; st. very slender, naked, 2-3 in. 1. \fr. 3-6 in. 1., 1 in. or
less br., flaccid, pendent, linear-oblong, fully bipinnate ; main rack-is wingless-
throughout ; pinna? usually under 1 in. 1., divided quite down to the rachis ;
pinnl. simple or forked, or slightly pinnatifid ; the ultimate segm. very narrowly
linear ; sori 2-6 to a pinna, at least twice as broad as the lobes ; invol. divided
down nearly to the base ; valves rounded and denticulate. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 1 10.
t. 38. C.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador and Peru. — Allied to H. axillare and crispum in habit, but
readily distinguishable by its truly bipinnate frond and very narrow segments. The
specific name applies here to the shape of the involucre, not, as in Trichomanes, to that
of the frond.

14. H. crispum, H. B. K. ; st. very slender, 1-2 in. 1., wingless ; jr. 3-6 in. 1.,
1 in. or less br., flaccid, pendent, linear-oblong, tripannatifid ; main rachis only
slightly or hardly at all winged above ; pinnae 1 in. 1. or less, rhomboidal-oblong,
beautifully and delicately undulato-crisped throughout, divided down nearly to
the costa'into pinnl., which are again pinnatifid ; sori numerous, very small,
placed at the apex of the segments ; invol. rather wider than the lobes, rounded,
crisped at the edge. — Hk. Sp. \.p. 106. H. amoenum, Sturm.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and Cuba southward to Peru and Brazil. —
Closely allied to H. axillare in habit, but distinguished by its crisped fronds.

15. H. undulatum, Swartz ; st. 1-2 in. 1., very slender ; fr. 3-6 in. 1., scarcely
more than 1 in. br., flaccid, pendent, ovate or linear-oblong, tripinnatifid ; main
rachis winged ; pinnae undulato-crisped, oblong-rhomboidal, divided down to a
narrow central portion ; pinnl. crowded, the lower ones a little pinnatifid ; sori
2-6 to a pinna ; invol. divided down nearly to the base ; valves rounded, slightly
crisped towards the margin, but not denticulate. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 105. Ic. PI. 964.

Hab. Mexico, Jamaica, Peru. — Both this species and H. crispum have the segments
so much crisped that they bear the appearance of being toothed like a Leptocionium.
This and the three preceding resemble one another in their small tender narrow flaccid
fronds.

16. H. myriocarpum, Hk. ; st. 2-3 in. 1., erect, slightly winged above ; jr. 3-12
in. 1., 2-3 in. br., flaccid, pendent, ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; rachis furnished
with a narrow wing throughout ; lower pinnae 1-3 in. 1., lanceolate-rhomboidal,
divided down nearly to the rachis on both sides into several pinnl., which are
again pinnatifid with numerous membranous linear segments, not more than
1 lin. 1. ; sori very numerous, terminal and lateral on the segments on both sides ;
invol. divided down to the base ; valves ovate or rounded, entire or sinuated at
the apex.— Hk.' Sp. I. p. 106. t. 57. D.

Hab. Mexico, southward to the Andes of Peru.— Closely allied to H. axillare, but
rather stronger in habit, and the fronds broader below. Connects the four preceding
species with H. polyanthos.

17. H. microsorum, V. D. B. ; st. 1-2 in. 1., slender, naked ; fr. 2-3 in. 1., about
1 in. br., flaccid, oblong-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis naked, furnished
with a narrow wing nearly or quite to the base ; lower pinnce oblong-rhomboidal,
about 1 in. 1., erecto-patent, divided down to a narrowly- winged rachis into
several pinnl., the lower of which are obversely triangular in shape and flabel-
lately cut ; sori 2-12, terminal on the segments of both sides of the upper pinnae,
very small ; invol. divided more than halfway down ; the valves rounded,
entire.

60 16. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

Hab. Gathered by Dr. Hooker in the Sikkim Himalayas, at an elevation of 11,000 ft.,
and determined by Van den Bosch from his specimens. — Intermediate in habit between
H. exsertum and polyanthos.

18. H. poli/anthos, Swartz ; st. 2-3 in. 1., slender, wingless ; fr. 2-8 in. 1., 1-3
in. br., ovate-oblong1, tripinnatifid ; main rachis usually only narrowly winged
above ; lower pinnce triangular-fhomboidal, divided down to a narrow centre
into several pinnl. on each side, the lowest of which are cuneate or rhomboidal,
deeply pinnatifid ; ultimate segm. linear, 1-1| lin. 1., less than £ lin. br. ; sori 2-12
to a pinna, terminal or axillary on the segments on both sides; invol. small,
divided down nearly to the base ; valves ovate or rounded, entire or slightly
denticulate. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 107. H. protrusum, Hk. Sp. I. p. 104. t. 37. B.

Hab. Widely diffused throughout the Tropics, and extending a little beyond them
both north and south ; America, from Cuba and Jamaica southward to Brazil, S. Chili, and
Juan Fernandez ; Asia, Nepaul and Sikkim to Ceylon, Tsus Sima, Malayan Peninsula,
Java, and New Zealand ; West Tropical Africa, Mauritius and Madagascar. This
includes nearly, or quite, thirty of the species defined by Van den Bosch. — It is a plant
of slender flaccid habit, as compared with species 19 to 28, with the segments sometimes
decurved, and when dry slightly crisped. The New Zealand H. mllosum of Colenso has
the stipes and rachis very slightly hairy. The Malayan H. Mumeanum, Spr., has
narrower and more elongated fronds than in the type, and pinnae sometimes simply pin-
natifid only.

19. H. Andinum, V. D. B. ; st. 3-6 in. 1., slender ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-2 in. br.,
flaccid, oblong, tripinnatifid ; main rachis narrowly winged above ; pinnce
.distant, the lower oblong-rhomboidal, divided down to "a narrow centre, with 2-3
pairs of pinnl. which are flabellately or laterally cut into a few linear segm. ;
sori 2-12 to a pinna, terminal or axillary on the segments on both sides ; invol.
divided more than halfway down ; valves rounded, with a blunt point, entire.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson. — Closely allied to H. polyanthos, but elongated and
flaccid in habit, with fewer, more distant and less divided segments.

20. H. badium, Hk. & Gr.; st. 2-3 in. 1., slender, winged above; fr. 4-12 in. 1., 2-3
in. br., oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis broadly
winged throughout ; lower pinnce lanceolate-rhomboidal, divided down to a broadly
winged rachis^into several pinnl. in each side, the lowest of which are a few
times deeply incised, ultimate divisions broadly linear; sori 2-12 to a pinna,
terminal and axillary on the segments on both sides ; invol. nearly 1 lin. br.,
divided down nearly to the base ; valves rounded, nearly twice as broad as deep,
the outer edge denticulate.— #£. Sp. 1. p. 102. Hk. $ Gr. Ic. FiL t. 76.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula, Sir W. Norris ; East Indies (probably Nepaul), Dr. Wallich.

21. H. Javanicum, Spreng. ; st. 2-4 in. 1., erect, margined above with a broad
crisped wing ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., triangular, tripinnatifid ; main rachis
bordered throughout with a broad crisped wing ; lower pinnce 1^-2 in. L, trian-
gular-rhomboidal, erecto-patent, divided down to a narrow crisped centre into
several plane or slightly crisped pinnl. on both sides, the lower of which are
several times deeply pinnatifid ; sori 6-20 to a pinna, terminal and axillary on
the segments on both sides ; invol. about as broad as the segments, divided down
nearly to the base ; valves orbicular, entire or denticulate.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 106.
H. fimbriatum, J. Sm. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 102. t. 36. C. H. flexuosum, Cunning.
Hk. Sp. I. p. 105. Ic. PL t. 962. H. crispatum, Wall. Hk. 8? Gr. Ic. FiL t.
77. H. daedaleum, Blunie. II. micranthum, V. D. J3. — P, H. atrovirens,
Colenso ; segm. of the frond nearly plane ; invol. smaller and narrower. H. Tas-
manicum, V. D. B.

16. HYMENOPHYLLUM. 61

Hab. India, from Nepaul and Sikkim to Ceylon, the Malayan Peninsula, the Philip-
pines, New Zealand, and Australia. H. erosum of Blume, and If. Reimvardii, V. D. B.,
also belong here.

22. H. demismm, Svvartz ; st. 4-6 in. 1., erect, firm, wingless ; fr. 4-12 ra. l^
3-4 in. br., ovate-triangular, 3-4 times pinnatifid ; rachis only slightly winged
above ; lower pinnae 2-3 in. I., triangular-rhomboidal, divided down very nearly
to the rachis into numerous pinnls. on both sides, which are again divided down
nearly into the rachis into pinnatifid segm. ; ult. lobes 1-2 lin. 1., ^ lin. br. ;
sori very numerous (20-80) to a pinna, terminal and axillary on the segments
on both sides ; invol. divided down nearly to the base ; valves ovate, entire, or
denticulate. — HJc, Sp. I. p. 109. H. productum, Kunze.

Hab. New Zealand, Fiji, Java, the Philippines, and adjacent Polynesian Islands. — A
larger and stronger plant than H. polyanthos, with which Sir W. Hooker was disposed to
join it, with ample glossy deeply-cut fronds and very numerous involucres.

23. H. caudiculatuni, Mart. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., wiry, broadly winged above ; fr.
6-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., ovate-acuminate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis furnished
throughout with a broad slightly crisped wing ; lower pinnce rhomboidal-lanceo-
late, erecto-patent, often 2 in. 1., divided down to a broad central* rachis, the
lower pinnl. again pinnatifid, the upper forked or simple, broadly linear; sori
2-12 to a pinna, placed at the apex of the segments on both sides ; invol. very
large (£ in. br.), divided down nearly to the base ; valves twice as broad as deep,
and bluntly toothed. — Hk. Sp. I. p. 102. — /3, H. caudatum, V. D. B. ; wing of
the main and also of the second, rachis considerably crisped and undulated.

Hab. Brazil, Peru, and Chili. — Wing of the main rachis often 2 lines wide. If. Fran-
cavillei, V. D. B., from Martinique, apparently belongs here.

24. H. recurvum, Gaud. ; st. 2-4 in. 1., winged above ; fr. 4-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br.,
flaccid, pendent, oblong-acuminate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis narrowly winged
throughout ; pinnce flaccid, erecto-patent, distant, elongated, divided down nearly
to the rachis into long simple or forked or slightly compound pinnls. ; ult. segm.
|-§ in. 1., | in. br., sori 2-6 to a pinna, generally axillary ; invol. divided about
halfway down ; valves rounded, slightly forked. — Hk. Sp. \. p. 109. t. 37. C.

Hab. Sandwich Islands, frequent.

25. H. flabellatum, Labill. ; st. 2-4 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 4-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br.,
ovate-acuminate, tripinnatifid, somewhat glossy and flaccid ; main rachis winged
above ; lower pinnae 1-2 in. 1., broadly rhomboidal-acuminate, erecto-patent,
divided down to a broadly winged rachis into several cuneate-based pinnls.^ which
are furnished on both si'des with several linear segm. ; sori 6-20 to a pinna, ter-
minal on the lateral segments ; invol. divided more than halfway down ; valves
rounded, entire.— Hk. Sp.l.p.lll. H. nitens, Br. Hk. & Gr. *Ic. Fit. 197.

Hab. Australia, New Zealand, Lord Auckland Isles. — Very variable in the compact-
ness, size, and degree of elongation of the fronds. H. Ilookeri, Bory and V. D. B., is a
small form with narrower involucres than in the type. A plant from Sumatra must
probably be referred to this species.

26. H. scabrum, A. Rich.; st. 2-4 in. 1., strong, wiry, ciliated ; fr. 6-15 in. I., 2-5
in. br., ovate-acuminate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis winged above, thickly ciliated
with long brown bristly hairs ; lower pinnce 2-3 in. 1., erecto-patent, oblong-
rhomboidal acuminate, divided down nearly to the rachis into several pinnl.
on both sides, which are again pinnatifid with compound lower and simple linear
upper segm.; sori 6-20 to a pinna, terminal on the lateral segments on both

62 16. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

sides ; invol. small, divided down nearly to the base, denticulate at the apex. —
Hk. Sp. Fil. I, p. 110. Sphseroeionium glanduliferum, Presl.

Hab. New Zealand. — By their hairy rachis, this species and H. exsertum form a
link between the glabrous and truly hirsute species.

27. H. dilatatum, Swartz ; st. 2-4 in. 1., erect, wiry, slightly winged above ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis winged
throughout, the wing quite flat ; lower pinnce rhomboidal-lanceolate, divided
down nearly to the rachis, the lower pinnl. again pinnatifid ; sori 2-12 to a
pinna, terminal or axillary on the segments on both sides, divided about
halfway down ; valves rounded, entire, clusters often exserted. — Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 104. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 60. H. formosum, Bracken. H. Junghuhnii &
eximium, V. D. B.

Hab. New Zealand, Java, Tahiti, Samoa, Aneiteum, Fiji and other Polynesian
Islands. — Closely allied to H. fuciforme, but different in the involucre.

28. H.fuciforme, Swartz ; st. strong, erect, 4-8 in. 1., narrowly winged above ;
fr. 12-24 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., triangular-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis
winged throughout ; lower pinnce rhomboidal-lanceolate, cut down nearly to the
rachis into numerous distant pinnl. on both sides, the lowest of which are trian-
gular in outline and again pinnatifid, with 2-3 forked lower segm. ; sori numerous,
very small, placed principally in the axils of the segments ; valves divided down
nearly to the base, rounded, entire ; recept. and even the cluster of capsules often
exserted.— #£. Sp. 1. p. 103. t. 36. D.

Hab. South Chili and Juan Fernandez.

29. H. pulcherrimum, Colenso ; st. 3-4 in. 1., wiry, erect, winged down to the
base ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., ovate-triangular, 3- or 4- pinnatifid ; main rachis
slightly winged throughout ; lower pinnce 2-3 in. 1., Itu.ceolate-rhomboidal, the
secondary rachis flexuose, slightly waved, the pinnse with several distant
pinnl. on both sides, the segm. of which are again pinnatifid with cuneate flabel-
lately pinnatifid lower divisions ; sori numerous, axillary and terminal on the
segments on both sides ; invol. orbicular, divided down nearly to the base ; valves
entire.— #£. Sp. 1. p. 103. t. 37. A. Hk.fil. Fl. N. Z. 232. t. 74.

Hab. New Zealand. — Species 20 to 29 much resemble one another in habit, and all
have ample tripinnatifid firm glossy fronds, with comparatively broad erecto-patent
segments.

30. H. Zollingerianum, Kunze ; st. 2-4 in. 1., wiry, deciduously hairy ;fr. 4-8
in. 1., 1-^-2 in. br., lanceolate-acuminate, with a flaccid apex, tripinnatifid \pinnce
rather distant, the lower ones ovate-rhomboidal, cut down to a rather broad
centre ; pinnl. close, the lower ones again deeply pinnatifid ; main rachis narrowly
winged and often slightly hairy, a single central vein in each segment, the lower
part of which is conspicuously winged on both sides ; sori 2 to 8 to a pinnule,
large, terminal or axillary ; invol. divided about halfway down, the mouth
roundish, entire.— V. D. B. Hymen. Jav. t. 50.

Hab. Java. — By its deciduously hairy rachis, this approaches the next section. The
habit is something like that of //. polyanthos, with an elongated flaccid apex, and the
curiously winged veins are very peculiar.

*** Fronds more or less ciliated and hairy upon the surface. — Sp. 31-51.

31. H. Borneense, Hk. MSS. ; st. about 1 in. 1., very slender ; fr. square or
fan-shaped in general outline, £-£ in. 1., % in. br., divided down like a fan nearly

16. HYMENOPHYLLUM. 63

to the base, the divisions linear, dichotomously branched ; ult. segm. 1-3 lin. ].,
•| lin. br., the surface hairy, and the margin ciliated with branched rufous hairs ;
sori terminal, solitary, orbicular, the cuneate base sunk in the frond ; valves
ciliated.

Hab. Borneo, on hills near Sarawak, at an alt. of 2,700 ft., Loll). — Peculiar in the
group by resembling in habit the species of the Gonocormus section of Trichomanes.

32. H. Mrsutwn, Swartz ; st. 1-2 in. 1., slender, naked or slightly winged and
ciliated above ; fr. linear-oblong, once pinnatifid, 2-6 in. 1., about ^ in. br.,
slender, flaccid, often pendulous, hairy over the surface ; pinnae short, close,
erecto-patent, simple, linear-oblong, or cuneato-flabellate, with 1 to 4 divisions ;
ult. segm. rather broad, closely ciliated ; sori 1 to 4 on a pinna, terminal on the
segments ; invol. suborbicular, the cuneate base sunk in the frond ; valves free,
very hairy. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 88. Hk. fy Gr. Ic. Fit. t. 84. H. venustum &
angustum, F. D. B. H. Raddianum, Muller.—fi, H. latifrons, V. D. B. ; fr.
larger and more dilated than in the type ; segm. \ in. br.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Jamaica southward to the Organ Mountains in
Brazil. — H. latifrons bears the same relation to the type that H. splendidum does to
ciliatum.

33. II. Chiloense^ Hk. ; st. 1-2 in. 1., not winged ; fr. triangular or ovate-
lanceolate, bipinnatifid, 1-2 in. 1., ^-1 in. br. below ; main rachis zigzag, ciliated,
and broadly winged ; lower pinnae rhomboidal-oblong, with several rounded or
linear /MAIM, on both sides, the margin regularly ciliated, with short strong hairs
and the under surface of the frond slightly hairy ; sori placed singly at the base
of the pinnae on the upper side, divided about halfway down, the cuneate base
free or sunk in the frond ; valves semiorbicular, strongly ciliated. — Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 90. t. 32. A. Leptocionium dicranotrichum, Presl.

Hab. S. Chili and island of Chiloe. — Placed by Presl and Van den Bosch in section 4 ;
but its proper position is here.

34. H. ciliatum, Swartz ; st. 1-2 in. 1., ciliated and decurrently winged above ;
fr. oblong-acuminate, tripinnatifid, 2-6 in. 1., 1-2 in. br. at the centre ; main
rachis broadly winged throughout and ciliated; lower pinnae oblong or rhomboidal,
with a broad central undivided portion, and numerous erecto-patent simple or
forked ciliated linear segm. 2-3 lin. 1. ; sori 2 to 12 on a pinna, placed at the end
of the lateral segments on both sides; invol. immersed, suborbicular ; valves divided
about halfway down, and conspicuously ciliated. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 88. Hk. &Gr.
Ic. Fil. t. 35. H. Plumieri, Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 123. H. Boryanum, Willd.
Hk.Sp. I. p. BQ.t. 31. C.

Hab. Common in Tropical America, from Cuba and Mexico southward to Chili and
South Brazil ; West Tropical Africa (Fernando Po, &c.), and in the East in the Zambesi
district and the islands (Mauritius, Madagascar, Bourbon, Seychelles, and Johanna
Island). — The African plant, well known under the name of Boryanum, seems quite to
coincide with the American ciliatum. It has also been gathered in New Zealand lately
by Mr. Travers. Eleven species, admitted by Van den Bosch, do not appear materially
different ; viz. those already mentioned, and trapezoidale, Liebm. ; vestitum, Presl ;
apterum, remotum, Surinamense, Presl ; commutatum, Presl ; Schiedianum, Presl, and
splendidum. The latter is a magnificent form, with fronds 1 ft. 1., pinnae ^ in. and
rachis \ in. br., which occurs in Guatemala, Ecuador, and West Tropical Africa.

35. H. obtusum, Hk. & Am. ; st. 2 in. 1., slender, ciliated ; fr. 2-4 in. l.,l-2 in.
br., lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis winged throughout ;
lower pinnae lanceolate or triangular- rhomboidal, cleft nearly to the rachis into
several linear simple or forked pinnl. on both sides, the surface and margin
copiously clothed with pubescence ; sori 2 to 6 to a pinna, terminal on the lateral

64 16. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

*

segments ; invol. as broad as the segments, divided about halfway down ; valves
rounded, strongly ciliated. — HJc. Sp. 1. p. 98. t. 33. D.

Hab. Oahu, Sandwich Islands, and found recently in fine condition by Col. Blagrove,
on Table Mountain, Cape of Good Hope.

36. H. ceruginosum, Carm. ; st. 1-2 in. 1., slender, tomentose ; fr. 2-3 in. 1.,

1 in. or less br., lanceolate or ovate-acuminate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis winged
above ; pinnce often much imbricated, the lower ones flabellate or broadly
rhomboidal in outline, divided down nearly to the rachis into simple or slightly
pinnatiiid linear segments, the surface and margin clothed copiously with
pubescence ; sori 2 to 12, terminal on the segments ; invol. small, divided nearly
down to the base ; valves rounded and densely ciliated. — H. aeruginosum, «, Hk.
Sp. !./>. 93.

Hab. Island of Tristan d'Acunha. — First gathered and described by Capt. Carmichael.

37. H. lanceolatum, Hk. & Arn. ; st. 2-3 in. 1., slender, wiry, naked;//1. 3-6
in. 1., 1-2 in. br., lanceolate or oblong tripinnatifid ; main rachis slender, wavy,
flexuose, winged only at the very top ; lower pinnce 1-2 in. 1., rhomboidal-oblong,
cut down nearly to the rachis into several simple or forked long linear segm. on
both sides, hairs few, mostly confined to the midrib and margin ; sori 2 to 8 to
a pinna, placed at the side or top of the lateral segments ; invol. divided more
than halfway down ; valves rounded and copiously ciliated. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 94.
t. 34. B.

Hab. Islands of the Sandwich group.

38. H. Franklinianum, Colenso ; st. 1-3 in. 1., wiry, erect, tomentose ; fr. 3-8
in. 1., l|-2 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis slightly winged
above ; lower pinnce spreading, divided down nearly to the rachis into numerous
alternate pinnl., which are again deeply divided into broad linear segm., the sur-
face and margin clothed copiously with tawny silky stellate pubescence ; sori

2 to 12 to a pinna, terminal on the lateral segments ; invol. divided down nearly
to the base ; valves rounded and copiously ciliated. — H. ceruginosum, /3, Hk.
Sp. 1. p. 93. t. 34. A. H. Berteroi, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 93. t. 33. C.

Hab. New Zealand, Chili, Chiloe, and Juan Fernandez.

39. H. hirtellum, S«*. ; st. 1-4 in. 1., tomentose, not winged ; fr. ovate-acumi-
nate, tripinnatifid, 3-6 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; main rachis only slightly winged above,
tomentose ; lower pinnce rhomboidal-lanceolate, with a narrow central undivided
portion ; lower pinnl. pinnatifid, with long narrow linear ciliated segments ; sori
2 to 12 to a pinna, placed at the end of the lateral segments on both sides ; invol.
orbicular, sunk in the frond, divided about halfway down ; valves strongly
ciliated.— Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 90. t. 31. D.

Hab. Mexico, Jamaica, and Guadeloupe.— Frond elastic in texture. This and the
next four species closely resemble one another in the shape of the frond, and the extent
to which it is divided.

40. H. elasticum, Bory ; st. 2-4 in. 1., wiry, erect, naked or slightly tomentose;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., ovate -acuminate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis winged

above, tomentose ; lower pinnce rhomboidal-triangular, 1-3 in. 1., divided down
very nearly to the rachis into numerous alternate pinnl., which again are cleft
very nearly to the rachis into long linear simple or forked scgm. ; texture firm
but elastic, moderately hairy both over the surface and at the margin ; sori very
numerous, terminal on the lateral segments ; invol. small, the base sunk in the
frond ; valves rounded, free, very hairy. — Hk. Sp. 1. 93. Hk. & Gr. Ic.
Fil. t. 135.

16. HYMENOPHYLLUM. 65

Hab. Confined to the Mauritius and Bourbon, where it is abundant. — It is question-
able whether this is distinct from the preceding.

41. H. Lindeni, Hk. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., stout, erect, villose ; fr. often recurved,
6-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., ovate-acuminate, tripinnatifid ; mainrachis villose, winged-
in the upper part ; lower pinnae 2-4 in. ]., elongate-lanceolate, with numerous
deeply-divided pinnl. on both sides, both surfaces hairy ; sori very numerous,
terminal on the segments ; valves short and broad, strongly ciliated. — Hie. Sp. \.p.
94. t. 34. C. H. spectabile, Moritz.

Hab. Andes of Venezuela and Ecuador.

42. H. microcarpum, Desv. ; rhizome clothed with woolly yellow hairs ; st. 4-6
in. 1., firm, tomentose, slightly winged above ; fr. ovate-triangular, tripinnatifid,
6-12 in. 1., 3-5 in. br. ; main rachis furnished with a narrow wing throughout,
and move cr less tomentose, the frond slightly hairy, the margin subdenticulate
and ciliated ; central pinnae rhomboidal-oblong, with several pinnl. on each side,
which are deeply cut into narrow linear segm. ; sori 2 to 12 to a pinna, placed
at the apex of the lateral segments of the upper pinnae ; invol. ovate, free, divided
down to the base ; valves between toothed and ciliated. — H. Organense, Hie. Sp.
I. p. 90. t. 32. B. H. Beyrichianum, Kunze. Hk. Sp. I. p. 91.

Hab. South America, Venezuela and Ecuador, southward to Peru and the South of
Brazil. — H. Lindigii, Mert., and H. Ruizianum, Klotzsch, are allied to this species.

43. H. valvatum, Hk. & Gr. ; st. 1-3 in. 1., naked or slightly winged above;
fr. ovate-triangular, acuminate, tripinnatifid, 4-6 in. ]., 1^-2^ in. br. below ;
main rachis winged throughout ; pinnae slightly hairy and ciliated, the lower
ones triangular, with deeply pinnatifid pinnl. ; ult. segm. linear, with the limb
(not the margin) on each side of the midrib considerably waved and undulated ;
sori 12 to 20 to a pinna, terminal on the segments of the upper ones on both
sides ; invol. ovate, divided down nearly to the base ; valves glabrous or slightly
ciliated.— HL & Gr. Ic. Fil. 219. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 90. II. pteropodum & piaty-
lobum, V. D. B.

Hab. Nicaragua, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Andes of Columbia and Peru, ascending
to 6,000 ft. — Of H. divaricatum and Orbignianum, placed by Van den Bosch near val-
vatum, I have not seen specimens.

44. H. Sprucei^ Baker ; st. 1-2 in. 1., slender, hairy ; fr. 3-6 in. 1., 1-2 in. br.,
lanceolate or oblong-acuminate, bipinnatifid ; rachis winged throughout, or only
in the upper half, pilose, the frond furnished with scattered stellate hairs on the
midrib and margin ; lower pinnce spreading, rhomboidal-lanceolate, cut down
nearly to the rachis into simple or once forked linear erecto-patent pinnl., which
are about | in. 1., and somewhat crisped or undulated as well as furnished with
rather distant strong stellate hairs along the edge ; sori 2 to 6, terminal on the
segments of the lateral pinnae ; invol. cut more than halfway down ; valves
rounded and ciliated with hairs like those of the segments.

Hab. Tarapota, E. Peru, Spruce. — This also, like H. Chiloense, might easily be taken
for a serrated species. It resembles in habit the small forms of H. interruptum, but the
frond is much thinner, and the hairs are confided to the ribs and edges.

45. H. interruptum, Kunze ; st. 1-2 in. 1., wiry, naked or slightly ciliated ; fr.
pendent, varying from 6 in. to nearly a yard in length, 2-5 in. br., elongato-
lanceolate or oblong in general outline, bipinnatifid ; rachis winged nearly
throughout, and like the frond, more or less densely clothed with soft shining
ferruginous hairs ; lower pinnce rhomboidal-lanceolate, cleft on both sides into
simple or bifid lobes, which reach about halfway down to the rachis ; sori 6 to 12,

66 16. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

terminal on the segments of both sides of the upper pinnae ; invol. divided more
than halfway down ; valves rounded and very hairy. — Hk. Sp. \. p. 92. t. 33. B.
H. aequabile, Kunze.

Hab. Guadeloupe, and mainland of S. America, from Venezuela and New Granada
southward to Peru. — Resembling H. sericeum in habit, but much thinner in texture, and
the rachis winged.

46. H. sericeum, Sw. ; st. 2-4 in. 1., wiry, naked ; fr. pendent, 6-24 in. 1., 2-3
in. hr., elongato-oblong, obtuse or acuminate, simply pmnatifid ; rachis densely
clothed with close tomentum, free throughout ; pinnae 1-2 in. ]., very numerous,
opposite, rhomboidal- lanceolate, with a cuneate base an«i much-acuminated apex,
sometimes only just crenated, sometimes pinnatifid more than haiivan (!CVM> to
the rachis, the substance almost coriaceous and soft, with a dense coating of
tomeiitum ; veins prominent, forked with nearly parallel branches, and often
furnished with curious membranaceous wings or lamella ; sori very numerous
to a pinna, small, terminal on the apex of the pinnae and lateral segments; valves
rounded, shaggy, with strong reddish-brown hairs. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 92.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba, Jamaica, and Mexico southward to Peru and
Brazil. — A curious species, quite peculiar in habit and texture, which Van den Bosch
divides into eight ; viz. sericeum, eriophwum, Cubense, Sturm, plumosum, Kaulf., Karsteni-
anum, speciosum, asterothrix, Kunze, and tomentosum, Kunze.

47. H. Malingii, Metten., MSS. ; st. 1-3 in. 1., slender, naked \fr. pendent, 4-6
in. 1., 1-l^r in br., linear-oblong, bi- or tripinnatifid ; main rachis densely clothed
with close tomeiitum, free throughout ; pinnae |-| in. 1., oblong or ovato-rhom-
boidal, cut down to a rounded rachis ; pinnl. deeply flabellately and subpin-
natifidly cut ; ult. segm. linear-filiform, 1-3 lin. 1., the substance coriaceous and
soft, with a dense coating of touientum, a single vein only in each segment ; sori
2 to 12 to a pinna, terminal on the segments ; invol. divided about halfway
down ; valves denticulate at the apex, and shaggy like the frond. — Trichomanes
Malingii, Hk. Gard. Ferns, t. 64.

Hab. New Zealand. — The connection of this curious novelty is certainly with H. seri-
ceum, from which it differs principally in the total absence of a connecting membrane
between the veins of the pinnae, which, in one form of the South American plant, is par-
tially deficient.

48. H. linearet Swartz ; st. about 1 in. 1., slender, villose ; fr. flaccid, pendu-
lous, 3-8 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., linear, elongated, fully pinnate ; rachis slender, wavy,
villose, free throughout ; pinnce spreading, ovato-rhomboidal, deeply cut into
simple or forked linear lobes, the surface and margin densely hairy ; sori 2 to 6,
terminal on the lateral segments ; invoL about as broad as the segments ; valves
rounded, strongly ciliated. — H. elegans, Spr. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 91. H. trifidum,
Ilk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 196. H. pendulum, Bory.

Hab. Tropical America, from Jamaica and Mexico southward to Brazil and Peru,
ascending on the Andes of Ecuador to 12,000 ft., and occurring also in the Mauritius,
from which we have just received specimens from Dr. Meller. — This species is very flaccid
in habit, and the long narrow fronds form densely interlaced masses on rocks and trees.
Van den Bosch gives the three plants already named as distinct, and his procerum, tricho-
phyllum, Crugeri, and Moritzianum are also included here.

49. H. elegantulum, V. D. B. ; st. 1-4 in. 1., slender, ciliated ; fr. flaccid, pen-
dulous, fi-18 in. ]., 2-6 in. br., linear-oblong and pinnate, or broadly oblong and
bipinnate ; rachis wavy, villose, free throughout ; lower pinnce in the bipinnate
form often with several pairs of pinnules ; pinnl. 1-3 in. 1., deeply pinnatifid
principally on the upper side ; ult. segm. 1-2 lin. 1., 1 lin. br., the 'surface and
margin densely hairy ; sori 6 to 12, terminal on the lateral segments ; invol. sunk

16. HYMENOPHYLLUM. 67

in the frond ; valves rounded, strongly ciliated. — H. pulchellum, Hk. Syn. 1. p.
91, in part.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador and Columbia, ascending to 13,000 ft. — Closely allied to
H. lineare in its manner of growth, but a much larger plant, with broader and shorter"
segments. The original H. pulchellum appears to be a small state of sericeum. This and
the preceding are the only simply pinnate hairy species with divided pinnae.

50. H. Catherines, Hk., MSS. ; st. 1-2 in. 1., erect, wiry, slightly ciliated ; fr.
2-3 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., oblong, fully bipinnate ; main rachis free throughout,
slightly ciliated ; lower pinnae broadly rhomboidal, cleft down to the rachis ; the
lower pinnl. several times forked, with very narrow linear ciliated segm. about
2 lin. 1. ; sori 6 or more to each pinna, terminal on the segments of the upper
pinnse on both sides, considerably broader than the segments, the cuneate base
sunk in the frond ; the ciliated valves divided about halfway down.

Hab. St. Catherine's Peak, Jamaica, at an elevation of 5,000 ft., Wilson; Guadeloupe,
L'Herminier. — A small, neat, deeply-cut plant with inconspicuous hairs. The Guade-
loupe plant was distributed by M. Fe"e as H. protrusum, Hook., which belongs to the
glabrous section, and is a form of H. pofyanthos.

51. H. Pastoensis, Hk., MSS. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., stout, erect, densely villose ; fr.
6-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., ovate-acuminate, fully bipinnate ; rachis strong, erect,
densely clothed with ferruginous hairs ; pinnae ovate-lanceolate, recurved ; lower
pinnl. 1 in. or more 1., divided down nearly to the costa into very long narrow
linear segments, hairy principally on the rachis and margin ; sori 12 to 20, ter-
minal on and broader than the segments ; invol. orbicular, free, deeply 2-valved ;
the valves only ciliated .

Hab. Volcano of Pasto, Andes of N. Ecuador, Jameson.— This and the preceding (both
new species) are interesting, as showing a much more divided type of form in the frond
than was known previously in this section.

**** Leptocionium, Presl, V.D.B.; margin of the frond spinuloso-dentate.
All the species are more or less compound. Sp. 62-71.

* Frond not crisped. Sp. 52-66.

52. H. Tunbridgense, Smith ; st. ^-l£ in. 1. ; fr. oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 in. 1.,
|r-l in br., pinnate throughout ; pinnce distichous, flabellato-pinnatifid ; the lobes
linear, 1-3 lin. 1., and, as well as the usually solitary axillary suborbicular com-
pound invol.., conspicuously spinuloso-serrated ; the rachis and upper part of the
main stem winged.— Hk. Sp. I. p. 95. Brit. Ferns, t. 43.— /3, H. Wilsoni, Hk. —
Invol. entire ; pinnce with fewer lobes, pinnatifid on the upper side only. — Hk.
Sp. \.p. 96. Brit. Ferns, t. 44.

Hab. Regarding these two as British plants alone, we should pronounce them readily
separable by the characters given, which are taken from our two indigenous plants ; but,
looking abroad, we find them connected by every intermediate stage of gradation. Four-
teen species admitted or proposed by Van den Bosch cannot be clearly separated. To
our a belong his Tunbridgense (Britain, Normandy, Corsica, Tyrol, Italy) ; Dregeanum,
Presl (S. Africa) ; minimum, Puchd. (Auckland Islands) ; antarcticum, Pr. (N. S. Wales
and V. D. Land) ; asperulum, Kunze (Chili) ; and Zeelandicum, V. D. B. (New Zealand).
Some of the Cape specimens are bipinnate, and have the lower pinnse fully 2 in. 1. A
plant from the Falkland Islands has the pinnae only once forked, or even simple : a grows
also in the Mauritius, JVIadeira, the Azores, Jamaica, and Venezuela. To j3 belong
Wilsoni (Britain, Feroe, Norway) ; megachilum, Pr. (Brazil) ; unilaterale, Bory (Bourbon) ;
Meyeri, Pr. (S. Africa) ; affine, Brack. (Fiji group) ; cupressiforme, Lab. (New Zealand
and Australia) ; Menziesii (Falkland Islands, Staten Land, Cape Horn) ; and Mettenii
(Chili) : and it grows also in Guatemala and the Peruvian Andes.

68 16. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

53. H. Serra, Presl ; St. slender, wiry, 1-2 in. 1. ; fr. narrowly oblong-acu-
minate, pinnate, 3-4 in. 1., about 1 in. br. ; pinnce distichous, flabeliato-pinnatifid,
recurved ; the ult. segm. 3-5 lin. 1., very narrow, conspicuously spinuloso-dentate ;
son placed 1 or 2 in the upper side near the base of the pinnse ; invol. divided
two-thirds of the way down ; valves oblong, entire, or slightly toothed.

Hab. Chiloe and Chili. — Very near the preceding, but the segments very narrow and
remote, and almost confined to one side of the pinnae.

54. H. tenerrimum, V. D. B. ; st. very slender, ^-f in. 1., naked ; fr. 1-2 in. 1.,
less than \ in. br., pinnate, only the very summit winged ; pinnce distant, very
small and slender, simple or once or twice forked, vaguely undulato-dentate ;
sori 1 or 2 together, terminal ; invol. divided down nearly to the base ; valves
rounded and ciliated. — V.D.B. Suppl.p. 101.

Hab. Peru, Spruce, 4700 and 4702. — Much the most slender and diminutive species
of the section.

65. H. Jamesoni, Hk. ; st. 1-2 in 1. ; fr. flaccid, linear, 3-9 in. 1., £-f in. br. ;
rachis only slightly winged towards the apex, fringed throughout with soft mem-
branous spines ; pinnce forked at the apex, and with only 1 or 2 linear segm.
on each side ; invol. axillary, solitary : valves obovate, conspicuously spinose. —
Hk. Sp. 1. p. 96. t. 35. A. '

Hab. Andes of Columbia, Jameson. — Readily distinguishable by its long narrow frond
and flaccid habit. The costa, like the rachis, is conspicuously fringed with membranous
spines.

56. H. barbatum ; st. slender, erect, naked, 1 in. or less 1. ; fr. oblong-trian-
gular, l|-2 in. 1., about f in. br., tripinnatifid ; rachis winged throughout ; lower
pinnce rhomboidal-oblong, with a broad winged rachis and short broadly linear
spinuloso-dentate segm. ; sori terminal on the segments of the upper pinnse ; invol.
suborbicular or broadly oblong ; valves divided more than halfway down, and
deeply spinulose-dentate. — Leptocionium barbatum, V. D. B. Suppl. p. 62.

Hab. Tsus Sima, near Japan, Wilford, 846.— A stouter plant than H. Tunbridgense,
with rachis winged throughout, broader segments, and terminal sori.

57. H. secundum, Hk. & Gr. ; st. 1-3 lin. 1., wiry, naked ; fr. pinnate, linear-
oblong, 3-4 in. 1., 1 in. br. ; pinnce recurved, flabeliato-pinnatifid ; ult. segm. nar-
rowly linear, spinuloso-dentate, usually falcato-secund ; sori usually solitary,
placed on the upper side of the pinnae near the base ; invol. 2-valved about half-
way down ; valves oval-oblong, entire.— ##. Sp. 1. p. 100. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil.
t. 133.

Hab. Staten-land and Cape Horn. — Near H. Tunbridgense, but a larger plant, with
two or three times dichotomous flabellate pinnse.

58. H. Simonsianum, Hk. ; st. slender, wiry, naked, 1-2 in. 1. ; fr. linear-
oblong, 2-3 in. 1., | in. br., once pinnatifid down to a broadly- winged rachis ;
segm. fan-shaped, with only shallow divisions directed from the'apex towards the
base ; veins dichotomous, the margins spinuloso-dentate ; sori 1 to 4, terminal on
the divisions of the upper pinnse ; invol. broadly oblong, divided nearly to the
base ; valves spinuloso-dentate. — Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 13.

Hab. Khasia Hills and Sikkim, Simons, Griffith, Dr. Hooker. — The least divided species
of this section.

59. H. pectinatum, Cav. ; st. 2-4 in. 1., wiry, naked ; fr. oblong, pinnate, 3-6
in. 1., 1^-2 in. br. ; main rachis only winged towards the apex ; pinnce with only

16. HYMENOPHYLLUM. 69

a slight wing to the rachis on the lower, but deeply pinnatifid on the upper side,
with long-, narrow, parallel, simple or slightly forked linear spinuloso-dentate
segm. ; sori often 6 to 8 to a pinna, terminal on the lower segments of the upper
side ; invol. divided nearly to the base with ovate entire valves. — Hk. 8p. 1. p. 96.
t. 34. D.

Hab. Chili and Chiloe. —A beautiful species, easily recognized by its peculiar pectinate
pinnse.

60. H. muUifidum, Swartz ; st. 2-4 in. 1., wiry, naked ; fr. broadly ovato-lan-
ceolate, tripinnatifid, 2-6 in. 1., 1-5 in. br. ; main rachis winged above, wingless

on both sides ; invol. obovate, tubular below ; valves divided not more than half-
way down, entire ; recept. sometimes exserted. — Hk. Sp. I. p. 98. Hk. & Gr. Ic.
Fil. t. 167. H. Feejeense, Brack, t. 37. f. 2.

Hab. New Zealand, and islands of the Pacific.— An elegant plant in the larger forms.
In exposed situations the fronds are much drawn together, and the segments are
recurved.

61. H. triangulare, Baker ; st. 2-4 in. 1., smooth, naked ; fr. ovate-triangular,
tripinnatifid, 4-6 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. at the base ; main rachis winged above ; the
second, rachis broadly winged throughout ; pinnae rhomboidal-lanceolate ; lowest
pinnl. deeply pinnatifid, with simple or forked conspicuously spinuloso-dentate
linear segm., 2-3 lin. 1. ; sori usually solitary, placed on the upper pinnse at the
base of the anterior pinnule at the outer side ; invol. large, ovate, fully a line deep,
divided about halfway down ; valves nearly entire.

Hab. Fernando Po, Mann, 333. — Much resembling H. multifidum and bivalve in habit,
but the segments are broader, and the sori are much larger and usually solitary. It is
the only Leptocionium which has yet been found in Tropical Africa.

62. H. bivalve, Swartz ; st. 2-4 in. 1., wiry, naked ;fr. ovate-triangular, tripin-
natifid, 3-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; main rachis slightly winged above ; the second.
rachis winged throughout ; lower pinnae triangular-acuminate ; ult. segm. linear,
2-3 lin. 1., spinuloso-dentate ; sori very numerous, often 6 to 8 on a single pin-
nule ; invol. suborbicular, entire, divided down nearly to the base ; recept. always
included.— #£. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 98. t. 35. D. H. pyriforme, V. D. B.

Hab. New Zealand. — Best distinguished from H. multifidum by the shape of the
involucre. The frond is broader below and the sori are more abundant.

63. H. Smithii, Hk. ; st. 1-2 in. 1., wiry, naked or slightly tomentose ; fr.
oblong-acuminate, 8-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., bipinnatifid ; rachis winged above, cili-
ated below ; pinnae oblong-triangular, with a winged rachis and simple or 1 to 4
times forked linear spinuloso-serrate segm. ; sori 1 to 4, terminal on the segments
of the pinnse on both sides ; invol. oblong-, small, divided about halfway down ;
valves entire. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 97. t. 35. B. L. serrulatum, Preslii, affine and
holochilum, V.D.B.

Hab. Philippine Islands, Java, and Malayan Peninsula. — L.flaccidum, V. D. B., is a
plant gathered by Drs. Hooker and Thomson in the Khasia Mountains, which resembles
this in habit, but has a broad undulato-crispate wing to the main rachis and slightly
crisped pinnse. Probably it is a distinct species ; but I have not seen the fruit.

64. H. fucoidcs, Swartz ; st. 2-4 in. 1., wiry, ciliated ; fr. oblong, tripinnatifid,
4-6 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br. ; main rachis winged above and ciliated ; the second, rachis
wiuged throughout ; pinnae rhomboidal-acuniinate, with long narrow spinuloso-

70 16. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

dentate entire or forked linear scgm. ; sori few in number, not more than 4 to a
pinna, and usually confined to the segments of the upper side, sessile or slightly
stalked, a line each way ; valves divided more than two-thirds of the way down,
roundish or oblong, spinuloso-dentate or entire. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 100. Ic. Fil.
t. 963. H. spinulosum, H. B. K. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 100. H. pedicellatum, Kunze.
H. blepharodes, Pr. H. cristatum, Hk. & Gr. Ic. FiL 148. H. Peruvianum,
Hk. $• Gr. t. 208.

Hab. Common in Tropical America, from Cuba and Mexico southward to Brazil,
ascending in the Andes to 9,000 ft.— The six plants quoted as synonyms are considered
as distinct by Van den Bosch. H. torquescens and aculeatum, V. D. B., must probably
be placed here also ; but I have not seen specimens.

65. H. Magellanicum, Willd. ; St. erect, wiry, rigid, 2-4 in. 1., naked or margined
with an undulato-crispate wing on each side \fr. oblong triangular, 3-6 in. 1., 2-3
in. br., tripinnatifid ; rachis winged throughout ; lower pinnce broadly triangular,
with pinnatifid pinnl., furnished with several linear spinuloso-dentate segm. on
each side ; sori 6 to 10, small, terminal on the segments of the upper pinnce ;
invol. oblong, with 2 short toothed valves. — H. attenuatum, Hk. tip. 1. p. 99.
t. 36. B. L. Magellanicum, V. D. B. H. Bibraianum, Sturm, in Flora 3853,
p. 361.

Hab. Chili, Chiloe, and Organ Mountains. — Rachis and stipe with an undulato-crispate
wing, but the frond plane.

66. H. Bridgesii, Hk. ; st. 2-6 in. L, wiry, naked or tomentose ; fr. broadly
ovafc-triangnlar, tripinnate, 4-6 in. L, 2-3 in. br. below ; main rachis only very
slightly winged near the apex ; pinnce oblong- triangular, with the pinnl. of the
lower ones pinnate quite to the rachis ; ult. segm. very narrowly linear, rigid, 1-2
lin. 1., erecto-patent ; sori minute, often 6 to 8 to a pinna, placed 1 or 2 at the
base of the pinnules ; invol. divided about two-thirds of the way down, oblong,
entire or very slightly toothed. — Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 97. t. 35. C.

Hab. Cbili and Chiloe. — The only species of this section that is fully tripinnate.
** Frond crisped. Sp. 67-71.

67. H. tortuosum, Hk. & Gr. ; st. 2-3 in. ]., erect, wiry, furnished with a narrow
crisped sinuated wing on both sides ; fr. broadly ovate-triangular, tripinnatifid,
3-6 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. below ; main rachis winged throughout ; lowest pinnce broadly
rhomboidal-triangular ; the segm. more or less crisped ; the ult. divisions 2-3 lin. 1.,
linear, irregularly toothed and undulated at the margin ; sori sometimes 10 to 20
to a pinna, terminal on the ultimate segments, sessile ; invol. broadly ovate,
divided about halfway down ; valves spinulose on the outer edge. — Hk. Sp, 1.
p. 99. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. 1. 129.

Hab. Chili, Patagonia, and neighbouring islands. — L. seselifoliutn and L. dentatum,
placed by Van den Bosch near H. tortuosum, I have not seen.

68. H. dichotomum, Cav. ; st. 2-3 in. L, naked or slightly margined with an
undulato-crispate wing on both sides ; fr. ovate-triangular, hi- or tripinnatifid,
4-6 in. L, 2-3 in. br. ; main rachis winged like the stipe throughout ; lower pinnce
three times as long as broad ; the segm. crisped, broadly linear, undulato-dentate
at the margin ; sori numerous, placed in the axils of the segments ; invol. small,
ovate ; valves spinose on the back, divided about halfway down, nearly entire at
the apex.— Hk. Sp. Fil. I. p. 98. t. 36. A.

Hab. S. Chili and Juan Fernandez. — A closely allied plant grows in Peru (Lechler,
2563) with robust fronds 10 in. L, a tomentose rachis, and the lower pinnae with deeply

17. TRICHOMANES, § FEE A. 71

pinnatifid pinnules more than \ in. 1. Doubtless it is a distinct species ; but I have not
seen the fruit.

69. H. denticulatum, Sw. ; st. 1-2 in. 1., erect, naked ; fr. ovate-triangular, tri-
pinnatifid, 2-3 in. 1., 1 in. or more br. at the base ; rachis margined throughout,
with a slightly undulated wing : pinnae slightly crisped, the lower ones rhom-
boidal, twice as broad as long, deeply cleft, with flabellate or pinnatifid linear
segm. ; sori usually single, placed at the axils on the upper side of the pinnae,
sometimes recurved ; invol. ovate, divided about two-thirds of the way down,
spinose on the back, with serrulated valves. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 101. V.D.B.Hym.
Jav. t. 29.

Hab. Moulmein, at7jOOO ft., and Java. — A larger and less crisped and more compound
plant than H. Neesii. It is beautifully figured, as are the other Javanese forms, by Van
den Bosch.

70. H. Neesii, Hk. ; st. 1-2 in. 1., naked or slightly winged, with a crispate
margin on both sides ; fr. ovate, about 2 in. 1., |-1 in. br., tripinnatifid ; rachis
winged throughout, the wing and pinnae much crisped ; pinnce with distant
narrow simple or 1-3 times deeply-forked deeply-toothed segm. ; sori small, usu-
ally single, supra-axillary on the upper pinnae ; invol. subcylindrical below,
divided more than halfway down, with 2 acute spinuloso-dentate valves. — Hk.
Sp. 1. p. 99.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula, Java, Borneo, Fiji, and Philippines. — It is quite an open
question whether this should be considered a Trichomanes or Hymenophyllum. The
Philippine plant is Leptocionium aculeatum of Van den Bosch Valves of the involucre
spinose on the back. L. acantkoides and Brawnii of Van den Bosch very closely approach
this species.

71. H. sabincefolium, Baker ; st. 1-2 in. L, naked or slightly winged \fr. broadly
ovate, triangular, deeply tripinnatifid, 1-2 in. 1., more than! in. br. below; rachis
margined throughout with a wing which is thickly beset with aristate teeth ; pinnce
crisped, the lower ones flabellato- pinnatifid nearly down to the midrib ; the ult.
segm. very narrow, 2-3 lin. 1., and deeply cut up nearly to the midrib by numerous
strong aristate teeth ; sori solitary, supra-axillary, spinose on the back, divided
about halfway down with ovate spinoso-serrated valves.

Hab. Salak, Java, Zollinger. — Allied to H. Neesii and aculeatum ; but here the leafy
part is so narrow, and so much cut up by the numerous strongly aristate teeth, that the
ordinary appearance of a Hymenophyllum is quite lost, and a frond looks more like a
miniature branch of Juniperus Sabina.

GEN. 17. TRICHOMANES, Smith.

Sori marginal, always terminating a vein, more or less sunk in the frond.
Invol. monophyllous, tubular, closely corresponding with the frond in texture,
the mouth truncated or winged, or slightly two-lipped. Recept. filiform elon-
gated, often considerably exserted beyond the mouth of the involucre, capsu-
Jiferous principally at the base. Caps', sessile, depressed, surrounde.l by an entire,
broad, nearly transverse ring, bursting vertically. — The ferns of this genus agree
with those of the last inhabit of growth and delicacy of 'texture ', the character furnished
by the shape of the involucre dividing a very natural tribe into two nearly equal
halves. The geographical range of the species is very similar, as is the range of
variation in size and circumscription of frond. TAB. II. f. 17.

§ Feea. — Sterile and fertile fr. different, the latter consisting of a narrow disti-
chous spike. Sp. 1-4.

72 17. TRICIIOMANES, § FEEA, §§ EUTRTCHOMANES.

1. T. elegans, Rudge ; caud. erect, tufted ; sterile fr. 6-8 in. ]., 2 in. br., onst.
2-3in.l.,pinnatifid nearly to the rachis,with finely-toothed linear-oblong segments,
the veins anastomosing, the apex often rooting and proliferous ; fertile fr. 6-12
in. 1., about | in. br., on st. 4-8 in. 1. ; sori placed in close rows along both mar-
gins, the tube quite sunk, the mouth not at all dilated. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 114.
Gard. F. t. 2. Hymenostachys diversifrons, Bory. Feea Boryi, V. D. B.

Hab. Tropical America, from Trinidad and Guatemala southward to Peru.

2. T. botryoides, Kaulf. ; caud. erect, tufted ; sterile fr. 2-3 in. 1., 1 in. or
rather more br., on very short st., pinnatifid to a slightly winged rachis, with
linear-oblong deeply-toothed lobes, the apex rooting and copiously proliferous ;
veins free ; fertile jr. on st. 1-2 in. 1., narrowly linear, the lower sori stalked,
usually free, the upper connected at the base, and the apex of the frond foliaceous.
— T. nanum, Bory. HJc. Sp. 1. p. 115.

Hab. Tropical America ; Guiana, Leprieur & Appun; Panama, Seemann. — Quite inter-
mediate in the character of the fertile frond between elegans and spicatum, and more
delicate in texture than either.

3. T. spicatum, Hedw. ; caud. erect, tufted ; sterile fr. 4-6 in. 1., 1-1£ in. br.,
on st. 1-2 in. 1., pinnatifid nearly to the rachis, with inciso-crenate linear-oblong
segments ; veins free ; the apex not rooting ; fertile fr. composed of a rachis and
two rows of sori, without any connecting membrane ; tube obconico-cylindrical,
firm in texture, mouth not dilated. — Hk. Sp, 1. p. 114. Gard. F. t. 60. Feea
polypodina, Bory.

Hab. West- Indian Islands, frequent ; Panama, Guiana, and Ecuador. — Maschalosorus
Mougeoti, V. D. B., is an abnormal state, with the sterile and fertile frond combined.

4. T. heterophyllum, H. B. K. ; rhizome creeping, widely ferrugineo-villose ;
sterile fr. 2-4 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., on st. 1 in. or less 1., pinnatifid to a narrowly
winged rachis, with closely-placed imbricated sinuato-pinnatitid crisped oblong
pinnae ; veins free ; fertile fr. on villose wiry st. 6-8 in. 1., the frond 2-3 in. 1.,
about TJ in.- br., subcoriaceous in texture, linear-oblong, pinnatifid down to a
broadly-winged rachis ; the lobes oblong, pinnatifid about halfwray to the midrib ;
sori 4-6 to each pinna, terminal on the upper ultimate segments ; the tube quite
sunk in the frond, the mouth not dilated. — T. Spruceana, HJc. Ic. PL t. 981.
Feea Humboldtii, V. D. B.

Hab. Tropical America; Essiquibo, SchomburgJtk ; N. Brazil, Spruce. — Connects in
habit this dimorphous-fronded group with T. crispum.

§§ Eutrichomanes.J Sterile and fertile fronds uniform or nearly so. Sori not
spiked.

* Fronds entire or slightly lobed. Sp. 5-20. See also No. 60 & 46.

t Fronds without a distinct central midrib, but with veins radiating from the base
as in a fan. Sp. 5-13.

J This includes numerous genera of Presl and Van den Bosch, founded primarily on
the texture of the frond (whether it is composed of one or more than one layer of cellules) ;
secondai'ily, upon whether the mouth of the involucre is entire or two-lipped, and after-
wards in the degree to which the frond is divided, and the character of the venation.

17. TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES. 73

5. T. reniforme, Forst. ; st. 4-8 in. 1., naked, wiry ; fr. orbicular, reniform,
entire, with a deep sinus at the base, 2-4 in. br. ; spurious venules none ; sori
often encircling the whole of the outer margin ; recept. much exserted, stout, and
covered with capsules.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 115. Hk. $ Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 31. Exot.
Ferns, t. 2. Crepidomanes, Presl.

Hab. New Zealand. — This is the only species in which the frond has four layers of
cellules, and the habit is quite peculiar.

6. T. lineolatum, Hk. ; st. none or short, tomentose ; base of the fr. nar-
rowed very gradually below ; fr. ^-1 in. 1., f in. br., suborbicular or obovate-
cuneate, nearly entire or subpalmate, or rather deeply pinnatihd, with linear-
oblong lobes, subopaque and prominently veined when dry \ spurious venules
none ; sori few, subterminal ; invol. sunk in the frond, the mouth distinctly two-
lipped. — Hemiphlebium, V. D. B.

Hab. Cuba, Jamaica, and Merida. — Allied in habit to T. reptans and punctatum, but
without spurious venules.

7. T. peltatum, Baker ; rhizome wiry, slender, wide-creeping, tomentose ; fr.
quite sessile, attached to the rhizome near its centre or towards the base, subor-
bicular in general outline, ^-1 in. each way, delicately membranaceous in texture,
the margin undulated, not thickened, sometimes irregularly cleft rather deeply ;
veins close, regularly dichotomous at a small angle, with numerous interrupted
spurious venules between them at the margin and towards the centre ; sori 1 to 3,
scattered, firm in texture, the tube more or less exserted, with a very much
dilated spreading slightly two-lipped mouth. — Baker in Linn. Proc. inedit. cum
icone.

Hab. Samoa, Rev. T. Powell; New Caledonia, Vieillard, 2166. — A very curious
novelty, quite peculiar in habit. " The different branches of the caudex," writes the
discoverer, "run upwards, but so closely together, that the margins of the fronds overlap
each other. The fronds all lie flat upon the tree, so that the whole fern has much the
appearance of a delicate foliaceous lichen or frondose Jungermannia."

8. T. membranaceum, L. ; fr. subsessile, membranaceous in texture, suborbi-
cular in general outline, 2-3 in. br., more or less deeply cut from the circum-
ference towards the centre, with broad rounded or narrow lobes, the margin
fringed with a double series of peltate scales ; spurious venules copious ; invol.
numerous, placed round the edge of the frond, the tube sunk, the mouth two-
lipped.— Hk. Sp. l.t. 115. Exot. Flora, t. 76. Lecanium, V. D. B.

Hab. Tropical America, both the islands and continent. — Here, although the frond
is so thin, there are two or three layers of cellules, and the curious peltate scales of the
frond are unique. The habit is that of Padina pavonia amongst Algce or a broad-lobed
Flu&tra.

9. T. cuspidatum, Willd. ; fr. distinctly but very shortly stalked, about ^ in.
br., the outer edge rounded and more or less lobed, the base truncate or more or
less cuneate ; spurious veins distinct ; invol. 1 to 6, the tube sunk in the frond,
the mouth dilated, but scarcely two-lipped. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 119. Microgonium,
V. D. B. T. Bojeri, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 116. Hk. $ Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 155.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.

10. T. Motleyi) V. D. B. ; fr. copious, imbricated, sessile, about \ in. br.,
cordate-orbicular, nearly entire ; spurious veins indistinct, the solitary exserted ;
sorus placed in a deep apical sinus, the mouth spreading and much dilated, but
entire.

Hab. Borneo, discovered by Messrs. Barber and Motley ; New Caledonia, Lenormand.

74 17. TRICIIOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES.

11. T. Godmani, Hk. MSS. ; fr. tomentose, strong, |-| in. 1., \-\ in. br., sub-
orbicular or obovate, the margin entire or slightly lobed ; venation flabellate
above, but the frond furnished with a distinct central costa through the lower
half ; spurious venules indistinct ; sori 1 to 9, the tube quite sunk in the frond,
the mouth dilated, entire.

Hab. Guatemala, Salvin & Oodman; Panama, Hayes. — Similar to T. Motleyi in habit,
but quite different in the fruit.

12. T. punctatum, Poiret ; fr. stalked or subsessile, J-J in. br., suborbicular or
obovate, undulated or slightly lobed at the margin ; veins closely placed, with
thick prominent spurious venules between them ; sori 1 to 4, placed on the
outer edge of the frond, and more or less exserted, the mouth distinctly two-
lipped.— -#£. Sp. I. p. 116. Hk. Sf Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 236. Hemiphlebium, V.D.B.

Hab. Tropical America, both the islands and mainland.

13. T. reptans, Swartz ; st. % in. 1. ; fr. £-| in. br. each way, obovate-cuneate,
often with short blunt lobes ; veins close ; spurious venules conspicuous ; sori
1 to 4, placed on the outer margin, tube partially or quite exserted, the mouth
distinctly two-lipped.— #£. Sp. 1. p. 116. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 32. Hemiphle-
bium, V. D. B. T. sphenoides, Kunse in Schk. F. t. 88.^. 2. in greater part.

Hab. Tropical America, both the islands and mainland.— There has been considerable
confusion between this species and the preceding, which are very closely allied .

ft Fronds with a distinct central costa from apex to base. Sp. 14-20.

14. T. Barklianum, Baker ; fr. very shortly stalked, 2-3 lin. 1., 1 lin. br.,
linear-oblong, entire, the margin undulated ; veins pinnate ; spurious venules
none ; sori solitary, terminal, the tube partially exserted, with a large dilated
entire mouth. Baker in Linn. Proc. inedit. cum icone.

Hab. Tamari Cascade, Mauritius. — A very interesting novelty, the discovery of which
we owe to Sir Henry Barkly, the Governor of Mauritius, and Lady Barkly.

15. T. Vitiense, Baker ; fr. subsessile or very shortly stalked, oblong, entire
or rarely bifid, 2-4 lin. 1., 1-2 lin. br., furnished with a midrib only ; lat. veins
none ; spurious venules none ; sori solitary, terminal, the tube partially exserted,
the mouth entire, slightly dilated. — Baker in Linn. Proc. inedit. cum icone.

Hab. Fiji Islands, Milne. — This species rivals in minuteness Hymenophyllum parvifo-
lium and the preceding. From this latter it is readily distinguishable by the absence of
lateral veins, and the two are the only pinnate-veined species that are without spurious
venules.

16. T. Neilgheriense, Beddome ; st. 1-2 lin. 1. ; fr. £-$• in. 1., 1-2 lin. br., oblong-
lanceolate, not lobed, but sometimes bifid at the apex ; spurious venules nume-
rous ; sori 1 to 2, the tube more or less sunk in the frond, the mouth exserted,
with two large rounded lips. — Bedd. Fil. S. Ind. t. 6.

Hab. Western slopes of the Neilgherry range, S. Hindostan, discovered and figured by
Captain Beddome.

17. T. Petersii, A. Gray ; st. 1-2 lin. 1. ; fr. £-£ in. 1., 1-2 lin. br., varying in
shape from linear to obovate-spathulate, crenate or slightly lobed ; spurious
venules few, short and often unconnected ; sori solitary, terminal, the tube sunk
in the frond, the mouth much dilated, but entire.— A. Gray, in Sill. Am. Journ.,
1853, p. 326. Hk. Ic. PL t. 986. Microgonium, V. D. B.

Hab. Near a waterfall in Winston co., Alabama, U. S. A.

17. TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTR1CHOMANES. T5

18. T. apodum, Hk. & Gr. ; rhizome strong, wide-creeping, tomentose, irregu-
larly pinnate ; fr. subsessile, \-\ in. each way, orbicular-cordate, with broad
deep lobes and scattered stellate tufts of cilise on the edge ; second, veins distant
and but little branched ; sori solitary, terminal, quite exserted, the mouth dilated
and distinctly two-lipped.— //£. Sp. 1. p. 118. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 111.
Didymoglossum, V. D. B.

Hab. Tropical America, both the islands and mainland.

19. T. Henzaianum, Parish ; st. 1-2 lin. 1. ; fr. £-| in. each way, thin in tex-
ture, orbicular or obovate-cuneate, bluntly lobed or slightly tending towards
palmate ; lat. veins rather distant ; spurious venules copious ; sori 1 to 6, placed
near the centre of the outer margin ; invol. sunk in the frond, the mouth dis-
tinctly two-lipped. — Parish in Hk. 2. Cent. Ferns, t. 1.

Hab. On trees, Moulmein, Pegu, Henzai & Parish.

20. T. muscoides, Swartz ; fr. shortly stalked, 1-3 in. 1., J-| in. br., varying
in shape from linear-oblong to suborbicular, nearly entire or bluntly lobed,
especially above ; spurious venules faint but copious ; sori 1 to 8, terminal on the
lobes, the tube sunk in the frond, the mouth free, dilated, but usually scarcely
two-lipped. — Hk. Sp. \.p. 117.

Hab. Tropical America, Asia, Polynesia, and Africa. — Sir W. Hooker was disposed to
place here eight species of Van den Bosch, authentically represented in his collection ;
viz. muscoides, sublimbatum, CKrugineum, erowm, Hookeri, Lenormandi, bimarginatum, and
Kapplerianum. The first of these is considered by that author as & Hemiphlebium (mouth
distinctly two-lipped), and the two next he separates from the other five by the character
of "spurious venules free, joined together towards the margin." T. Schaffneri, Schlt.,
T. Pabstianum, C. Mull., and T. crispulum, V. D. B., are closely allied plants not repre-
sented by name in the Hookerian collection.

** Fronds entire below, palmate or digitate above. — Gonocormus, V.D.B.

Sp. 21-30.

21. T. parvulutn, Poiret ; rhizome wide-creeping, interlaced ; st. 1 in. 1., wiry,
slender, tomentose below ; fr. ^-| in. each way, orbicular in general outline,
cuneate or truncate at the base, flabellately cut about halfway down from the
outer edge in the direction of the base into narrow irregular segments ; veins close,
prominent, so that the frond when dry appears channelled, dichotomous at a
very small angle ; spurious venules numerous ; sori 4 to 6, terminal on the
central segments, the tube quite sunk in the frond, the mouth dilated at the
sides.— Hk. Sp. p. 118. t. 39. A.

Hab. Japan, China, the Malaccas, Java, Polynesian Islands, Madagascar, and Johanna
Island.

22. T. saxifragoides, Presl ; st. J in. 1., slender, tomentose below ; fr. 2-3 lin.
each way, flabellato-suborbicular in general outline, cut from the margin in the
direction of the apex of the stipe into numerous linear-acute segments^ the
deepest divisions scarcely reaching halfway down ; veins close, prominent, irre-
gular; sori 2 to 4, the tube sunk in the 'frond, the mouth dilated, spreading,
scarcely two-lipped.

Hab. Java, New Ireland, Fiji and Philippine Islands. — Very near T. parvulnm,, from
which it differs by its smaller and less deeply cut fronds, and the dilated mouth of the
involucre. Van den Bosch assigns to T. minutum, Blume, proliferous stipes ; but I cannot
distinguish from this his specimens thus marked in the Hookerian collection.

23. T. Mannii, Hk. MSS. ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. |-1 in. 1., slender,
tomentose below ; fr. £-1 in. each way, suborbicular in general outline, deeply

76 17. TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES.

flabellately divided into narrow dichotomous linear segments ; spurious venules
few ; sori 4 to 8, terminal on the central lobes, the mouth much dilated and
spreading, but not two-lipped.

Hab. Fernando Po, Q. Mann. — Closely allied to T. parvulum, but a larger and more
deeply divided plant, with a broad plaited wing all round the mouth of the involucre.

24. T. proliferum, Blume ; rhizome wide-creeping, densely interlaced ; st.
1-2 in. L, slender, bearing 1 to 3 deeply divided fronds, which were not more
than 1 in. br. either way, varying from ovate-lanceolate to roundish in general
outline ; segm. narrow, dichotomously branched, divided down nearly to the
central rachis ; veins numerous, irregular; sori 4 to 12, terminal, the tube quite
sunk, the mouth obscurely two-lipped. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 118. t. 39. B. T. pal-
matum, Presl.

Hab. Java, Philippine Islands, Ceylon, and western slope of the Neilgherries. — Usu-
ally easily recognizable by its peculiar proliferous habit, but the fronds are very variable
in outline, and sometimes closely resemble the deeply-divided forms of section 3. T. diffu-
sum, Blume, and T. Teysmanni, V. D. B., are closely allied Javan plants, which I have
not seen. A plant collected by Barter at Sierra Leone is probably this species ; but it
is in a young state, and does not show the proliferous ramification. This species is cut
more deeply than the three preceding, and the segments are narrower.

25. T, flabellatum, Bory (non V. D. B.) ; st. 1 in. 1., slender ; fr. % in. br.,
flabellate-orbicular, the principal divisions reaching more than halfway down
from the circumference to the summit of the stipe, the ultimate divisions short,
the segments close together, broadly linear, obtuse, not toothed or ciliated ;
spurious venules none ; sori 2 to 4, terminal on the central segments ; invol.
turbinate, the mouth distinctly two-lipped, denticulate. — Hymenophyllum flabel-
latum, V.D.B.

Hab. Bourbon. — Our description is taken from specimens referred to the plant of
Bory, on Dr. Van den Bosch's authority. Bory's plant came from the Falkland Islands,
and he did not know the fruit. Dr. Van den Bosch considers this a Hymenophyllum, and
uses the name for a plant we have placed under T. digitatum. There is an allied
T. Tkouarsianum, Presl, from Bourbon, which we have not seen.

26. T. Powettii, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping, tomentose ; fr. quite sessile,
\ in. br., ^-1 in. L, simple or once or twice deeply forked, dark brown in colour, a
single central costa only in each segment, the texture rather thickly membranaceous,
the membrane on each side of the midrib slightly undulated, but the margin
neither ciliated nor toothed ; sori I to 4, terminal on the segments, nearly or
quite sunk ; invol. obconico-tubular, the mouth wide-spreading, two-lipped,
naked, not toothed.

Hab. Samoa, Rev. T. Powell. — Allied to T. digitatum, but readily distinguishable by
the characters given.

27. T. digitatum, Swartz ; st. very slender, naked, \ in. 1. ; fr. 1-2 in. 1.,
\-\ in. br., irregular in general outline, divided down nearly to the base or a
broadly- winged rachis into long broadly linear dichotomous ciliated segments, with
only a central costa in each ; sori 2 to 6, terminal on the segments ; invol. cup-
shaped, quite sunk, the mouth broadly dilated, slightly t\vo-lipped.— Hk. !Sp. 1.
p. 119. T. lanceum, Bory. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 33. T. flabellatum & nitidulum,

V.D.B. — /3, T. palmatifidum, C. Muller ; fr. ciliated more strongly and densely,
and not on the edge only, but also on the costa and margin of the invol.

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, Java, and Polynesian Islands. — This is given as a Cape
plant, on Dr. Brown's authority, and there is a scrap from E. India from amongst Mr.
Griffith's plants in Herb. Hooker. The Polynesian is generally more branched than the
African plant, and in the latter the cilise are sometimes scarcely visible.

17. TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES. 77

28. T. calvescens, V. D. B. ; at. 1-2 in 1., filiform, naked ; fr. about £ in. each
way, inversely triangular or rhomboidal in general outline, flabellately divided
down nearly to the rachis into slightly dichotomous denticulate broadly linear
sf-gm.^ with only a central costa in each ; sort 2 to 4 terminal on the central
segments ; invol. turbinate or obconical, sunk in the frond, with a free, broacl
dilated deeply and irregularly toothed naked two-lipped mouth. — V. D. B.
Suppl. 2. p. 115.

Hab. N. S. Wales, Major Vicary. — This also would be quite as suitably ranked under
Hymenophyllum in the section Leptocionium as here.

20. T. Lyattii, Hk. MSS. ; st. 1-2 in.L, slender, filiform ; fr. f-2 in. each way,
suborbicular in general outline, flabellately divided down very nearly to the
base into dichotomously-branched narrowly linear ciliated and minutely den-
ticulate segments ; sori 3 or 4, terminal on the segments ; invol. obconical, quite
sunk in the tube, the mouth ciliated, not dilated. — Hymenophyllum, Hk. fil.
FI.N.Z.2-IG.

Hab. Trees, south-west coast of the middle island, New Zealand, Dr. Lyall. — Quite
intermediate between the typical Hymenophylla and Trichomanes in the shape of its
involucre, the breadth of the orifice of which nearly equals the depth of the tube.

30. T. nanum, V. D. B. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st. very short ; fr.
not more than ^ in. each way, cuneate below, the outer margin rounded, central
portion not more than \ in. broad, divisions simple or once branched ; ult. segm.
]^-21in. 1. by ^ lin. br. ; texture thick but not rigid, surface somewhat undu-
lated, margin hounded by a thickened line ; a central vein only in each segment ;
sori 1 to 2 to a frond, "sub-terminal, tube turbinate, not at all exserted, the
mouth dilated, undulated in irregular plications. — V. D. B. 2. Suppl. p. 122.
Crepidomanes, V.D. B.

Hab. Assam, Griffith, — Closely resembling T. intramarginale in texture, but quite
different in size, &c., and in division agreeing best with this section.

**# fronds more or less deeply pinnatifid > but not truly pinnate. Sp. 31-57.
f Main rachis distinctly winged throughout. Sp. 31-47.

31. T. pusillum, Swartz ; rhizome wide-creeping, tomentose ; fr. nearly
sessile, 2-3 in. 1., ^-1 in. br., oblong or obovate, cuneate-attenuate below, once
deeply pinnatifid down to a broadly-winged rachis ; lobes linear or oblong,
toothed or deeply pinnatifid, texture membranaceous ; a central costa in each
pinna, with numerous erecto-patent secondary veins and spurious venules ; sori 1
to 4, round the apex of the frond, tube exserted, mouth with two large rounded
lobes.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 117. T. quercifolium, Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 115. Hemi-
phlebium, F. D. B. T. Robinsoni, Hk. MISS.

Hab. Tropical South America, from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Brazil
and Peru. Kranz-kop, Natal, Robinson; Moulmein, Rev. C. S. Parish.

32. T. Krausii, Ilk. & Gr. ; rhizome wide-creeping, tomentose ; fr. sessile or
nearly so, 1-3 in. 1., \ in. br., obJong, attenuate or cuneate at the base, once
deeply pinnatifid down to a broadly-winged rachis ; lobes linear-oblong, nearly
entire, or toothed or sinuato-pinnatifid, texture membranaceous ; a central costa
in each pinna, with distant pinnate secondary veins passing gradually into spurious
venules; sori 1 to 6, on the apex of the frond, tube more or less exserted, mouth
with two large rounded lips.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 120. Hk. $ Gr. Ic. Fil t. 149.
Hemiphlebium, V. D. B. — /3, crispatum ; pinnoz deeply lobed or pinnatifid,
broadly and conspicuously crisped, their secondary veins more numerous and
divaricated than in the type, sometimes again branched.

78 17. TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES.

Hab. West Indian islands and Mexico southward to Brazil and Peru ; j3, Andes of
Ecuador, Spruce, No. 5354. — Very near the preceding, but the undivided portion of the
frond is broader, and the central costa more clearly marked.

33. T. Kirleii, Hk. MSS. ; st. slender, 1 in. 1., winged above ; fr. 1-2 in. 1.,
1 in. br., subquadrate or rhomboidal in general outline, cut down to a narrowly-
winged rachis ; segm. 1-2 in. 1., erecto-patent, linear, crenulate at the margin,
with a considerable space between them ; a central costa and numerous short
oblique veins and manifest spurious venules in each segment ; son 2 to 12, the
tube sunk in the frond, the mouth spreading, slightly two-lipped.

Hab. Johanna Island, West Africa, Dr. Kirk, Sir F. Grey. — Allied to the two preceding,
rom which it differs by its long narrow little-divided pinnse and winged involucre.

34. T. simtosum, Rich. ; rhizome wide-creeping, sinuous, rather strong ; st.
varying from hardly any to 2 in. 1. ; fr. 2-9 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., linear-lanceolate,
very gradually decurrent below, pinnatifid down to a broadly-winged rachis ;
colour bright green, texture delicately membranaceous ; lobes oblong, obtuse,
crenate at the margin ; a central costa in each, with 2 to 4 pairs of erecto-patent
branches ; spurious venules none, the margin ciliated ; sori 2 to 4 to each lobe,
the tube sunk, the mouth dilated, slightly two-lipped ; recept. much exserted. —
Hk. Sp. 1. p. 120. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. 1. 13. T. incisum, Kaulf. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 121.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and Cuba southward to Peru and Brazil.

35. T. pinnatifidum, V. D. B. ; st. slender, 1-2 in. 1., winged above ; fr. 2-4
in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., ovate-lanceolate in general outline, cut down to within a short
distance of the rachis ; seam, linear, erecto-patent, the lower 1 in. 1., with deep
rounded lobes ; substance thin ; central veins of the segments with 2 to 6 pairs
of lateral veins ; spurious venules none, the margin ciliated ; sori 1 to 3, placed
principally near the base of the segments on the upper side, the tube quite sunk,
the mouth broadly dilated, two-lipped. — V. D. B. Suppl. 2. p. 118.

Hab. Jamaica. — Closely allied to T. sinuosum, but different in outline, and much more
deeply divided.

36. T. Bancroftii, Hk. & Gr. ; st. 1-2 in. 1., broadly winged down to the very
base ; fr. 3-6 in. 1., 1 in. br., ovate-oblong, pinnatifid down to a broadly-winged
rachis, texture subcoriaceous ; segm. oblong, blunt, crenate, either imbricated
or with a small space between them ; lat. veins of the segments branched ;
spurious venules none ; sori 2 to 6 to a pinna, the tube sunk, the mouth rather
dilated, but entire ; recept. long, filiform.— #£. /Sp. 1. p. 123. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil.
t. 204. Hk. Gard. Ferns, t. 56. T. coriaceum & holopterum, Kunze.

Hab. Tropical America, from the West Indian islands southward to Brazil and Peru.]

37. T. macilentum., V. D. B. ; rhizome creeping, wiry ; st. 2-6 in. 1., wiry,
winged above ; fr. 2-6 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, divided
down within a short distance of the rachis ; segm. oblong or linear-oblong, nearly
entire or divided more than halfway down into narrow linear lobes, texture
subcoriaceous ; veins thick ; spurious venules none ; sori 2 to 6 to a segment, the
tube sunk, the mouth slightly two-lipped ; recept. long, filiform. — V. D. B. 1st
Suppl. p. 12.

Hab. Trinidad, Demerara, and northern provinces of Brazil. — Near T. Bancroftii, but
distinguishable by its more divided fronds and creeping rhizome.

38. T. superbum, V. D. B. ; rhizome strong, wide-creeping ; st. 2-5 in. 1., strong,
winged nearly down to the base ; fr. 4-9 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., broadly ovate, pin-
natifid down to a narrowly-winged rachis, the substance subcoriaceous ; lower
pinnce lanceolate, divided more than halfway down to the rachis, with oblong

17. TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES. 79

crenate lobes ; main and secondary midribs tomentose ; lot. veins numerous ;
spurious venules none ; sori 2 to 6 to each lobe ; invol. sunk, the mouth scarcely
dilated ; recept. long, filiform.— F. D. B. SuppL 2. p. 119.

Hah. Trinidad and British Guiana. — This and the two preceding are very closely
allied.

39. T. Kaulfussii, Hk. & Gr. ; rhizome wide-creeping, strong, tomentose ; st.
2-4 in. 1., strong, compressed, winged above ; fr. 4-12 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate-acuminate, once pinnatifid down to a broadly-winged rachis ; segm.
linear-oblong, rounded or acute, toothed, the largest 1 in. 1., J in. br.; main rachis
densely and the surface slightly hairy ; lot. veins of the segments 1 to 4 times
forked ; spurious venules none ; sori 2 to 12 to a pinna, tube more or less exserted,
mouth with two lateral projections ; recept. long, filiform. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 122.
T. lucens, Hie. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 10 (non Swartz).

Hab. West Indian islands, Guiana, and N. Brazil.

40. T. alatum, Swartz ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., winged above ; fir. 3-12 in. 1., 1-4
in. br., lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, bi-tripinnatifid ; main rachis winged
throughout ; pinnce lanceolate acute, cut more than halfway down to the rachis;
lobes often again sharply toothed ; texture delicately membranaceous ; rachis rather
hairy; ult. segm. with several lateral veins; spurious venules none ; son 2 to 12
to a 'pinna, terminal on the segments, the tube sunk, the mouth spreading but
scarcely two-lipped ; recept. long, filiform. — Hk. Sp. I. p. 123. Hk. & Gr. Ic.
Fil. t. 21. T. attenuatum, Hk. Sp. I. p. 122. t. 39. C. T. ptilodes, lineare, &
delicatum, V. D. 23.

Hab. West Indies, Venezuela, and Ecuador. — Very variable in robustness and hairi-
ness. The large state is a very beautiful plant.

41. T. bicorne, Hk. ; rhizome strong, scarcely creeping ; st. 1-2 in. 1., winged
nearly or quite down to the base ; fr. 2-3 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., bi- or tri-pinnatifid,
ovate in general outline, divided down to a narrowly-winged rachis ; lower pinnce
ovate-triangular, cut down to a broadly -winged rachis, the lobes again deeply
divided ; ult. segm. linear ; substance subcoriaceous ; a central costa only in each
segment ; sori 2 to 4 to a pinna ; invol. tubular, quite sunk in the frond, the
mouth dilated into two lateral projections. — Hk. Ic. PL t. 982.

Hab. North of Brazil, Spi*uce. — This and the two preceding resemble one another
closely in delicacy of texture, but differ in the extent to which the frond is divided.

42. T. intramarginale, Hk. & Gr. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, tomentose ;
st. very short ; fr. 1-2 in. 1., ^-\ in. br., oblong-rhomboidal, bipinnatifid, tapering
gradually below, central portion 1 lin. br. ; segm. few, erecto-patent, linear, simple
or forked ; substance subcoriaceous, opaque, somewhat crisped when dry ; a
central costa only in each segment, but the margin thickened ; sori 1 to 4 to a
frond, terminal or axillary on the upper segments, tube sunk, mouth not dilated.
— Hk. $ Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 211. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 120. Crepidomanes, V. D. B.

Hab. Ceylon, rediscovered recently by Mr. Thwaites. — This resembles in texture the
next species and No. 31.

43. T. latemarginale, Eaton ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, tomentose ; st.
none or scarcely any ; fr. about ^ in. 1., J in. br., suborbicular or oblong-rhom-
boidal, pinnatifid ; main rachis with a wing about 1 lin. br. ; segm. linear, close,
simple, or once forked ; substance membranaceous, surface naked ; a central
costa only in each segment, but the margin thickened ; sori 1 to 3, terminal on
the upper segments, tube sunk, mouth dilated, two-lipped. — Eaton, Fil. Chin. &
Japan, p. 3.

80 17. TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES.

Hab. Hongkong, 0. Wright.— We owe the discovery of this species to the United
States North Pacific Exploring Expedition of 1853-6, under Capts. Blnggold and
Rodgers.

44. T. humile, Forster ; rhizome creeping, deeply intermatted ; st. J-| in. 1.,
slender, winged above ; fr. 1-2 in. 1., \ in. br., bipinnatifid, lanceolate-oblong in
general outline, cut down to a narrowly- winged rachis ; segm. pinnatifid, with
simple or once-forked linear lobes ; substance membranaceous, surface and margin
naked ; a central costa only in each segment ; no spurious venules ; sori solitary,
on the upper side of the pinnse, tube more or less exserted, the mouth spreading,
two-lipped.— HTc. Sp. 1. p. 123. Hk. Gr. Ic. FiL t. 35.— (3, T. Endlicherianum,
Presl ; fr. more elongated ; segm. narrower and less branched. T. erectum,
Brackenridge.

Hab. Java, New Zealand, and Pacific Islands. — T. aureum, V. D. B., differs from the
type by its longer and broader slightly-crisped segments.

45. T. brachypus, Kunze ; rhizome long, wiry, wide-creeping, more or less
tomentose ;fr. 1-2 in. apart, nearly sessile, 3-6 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., once pinnatifid,
cut down to a broadly-winged rachis ; lower pinnce oblong, blunt, ^-1 in. 1., |~^ br.,
varying from nearly entire to cut down to a broadly-winged rachis with linear
lobes ; texture membranaceous ; surface nearly naked or ferrugineo-tomentose,
especially on the veins ; veins prominent ; lot. veins of the pinnae parallel and
erecto-patent ; no spurious venules ; sori I to 12 to a pinna, placed at the edge of
the lower half on both sides, tube long, cylindrical, stalked, mouth scarcely
spreading.— Hk. Sp. I. p. 121. T. Ankersii, Parker, in Hk. Gr. Ic. Fit. t. 20i.
— (3, T. Tanaicum, Hk. ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., linear, undivided ; sori in long rows on
both sides.

Hab. Tropical America, from the West Indian Islands southward to Peru and the
South of Brazil. — A very distinct plant, which corresponds to the genus Lacostea of Van
den Bosch, who makes nine species.

46. T. pallidum, Blume ; rhizome wide-creeping, slender, tomentose ; st. 1-3
in. 1., slender but wiry ; fr. 2-6 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., ovate-lanceolate acuminate,
bipinnatifid, just divided down to a narrowly- winged rachis ; lower pinnce ovate-
rhomboidal, divided more than halfway down, and the lobes again slightly cut ;
substance subcoriaceous, both surfaces, when dry, often decidedly coated with
white, always more or less clothed with strong light-brown hairs ; veins broad
and few ; sori 1 to 4 to a pinna, axillary on the segments on both sides, the tube
nearly sunk, the mouth dilated, but scarcely two-lipped. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 139.
T. glauco-fuscum, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 128. t. 40. A. T. album, Blume, Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 129.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula, Ceylon, Java, Sumatra, and Pacific Islands. — This cor-
responds to the genus Craspedoneuron of Van den Bosch, who makes four species. The
pallid hue of the dry frond is very peculiar, arid the coating of hairiness is sometimes
very prominent, but is sometimes nearly deciduous.

47. T. serratulum, Baker ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st. slender, naked,
about J in. 1. ; fr. under \ in. 1., about |- in. br., oblong or subrhomboidal in
general outline, pinnatifid down to a narrowly- winged rachis ; segm. erecto-patent,
in 2-6 pairs, linear, simple or forked, J in. 1., under ^ lin. br., toothed at the
margin, texture membranaceous ; a central costa only in each segment ; spurious
venules none ; sori 1 to 2, terminal on the upper segments, the tube exserted or
even stipitate, the mouth slightly two-lipped, deeply ciliated with sharp linear
teeth.

Hab. On trees, Lobong Peak, Borneo. — Kesembling T. calvescens, Lyallii, and denticu-
latum in its toothed segments, but different in other respects, and a very distinct
species.

17. TRICIIOMANES, §§ EUTRTCHOMANES. 81

ft Main rachis hardly, if at all, winged in the lower part. Sp. 48-57.

48. T. Filicula^ Bory ; rhizome wide-creeping, tomentose, rather slender ; st. 1-2
in. 1., naked, slightly winged above ; fr. 1-4 in. I., 1^-2 in. br., ovate, tripinnatifid,"
main rachis with a very narrow wing or free below ; pinnae ovate-rhomboidal,
pinnatifid down to a narrowly-winged rachis ; the lower pinnl. again deeply
pinnatifid ; ultimate segm. linear ; texture firm, memhranaceous ; a central costa
in each segment, spurious venules none or indistinct ; sori 1 to 4 to a pinna,
axillary or terminal on the segments ; tube sunk or somewhat exserted, the
mouth very distinctly two-lipped, the lips subtriangular with a rounded apex. —
Hk. Syn. \.p. 124. Didymoglossum, Desv. — /3, T. tate-alatum, V. D. B. ; ultimate
segments very narrow and acute, wing of rachis somewhat crisped, spurious
venules distinct.— V. D. B. Suppl. l.p. 54. D. plicatum, V. D. B.

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, Madagascar, Natal, Cape Colony, and Fernando Po ;
Nepaul, Assam, Japan, N. Hindostan, Ceylon, Java, Borneo, and Polynesian Islands. —
Very like T. pyxidiferum in habit, and principally distinguishable by the distinctly two-
lipped involucre. It was formerly supposed that one of them was confined to the New,
the other to the Old World ; but T. pyxidiferum has now been found abundantly in Asia,
Africa, and the Polynesian Islands ; and I cannot distinguish from this, though labelled
pyxidiferum on high authority, a Mexican plant from Liehmann. Here are included
numerous species of Van den Bosch ; amongst which are his Didymoglossum Draytonia-
num, euphlebium, Qriffithii, racemulosum, insigne, capillatum, and dilatatum.

49. T. pyxidiferum, L. ; rhizome wide-creeping, tomentose, rather slender ; st. 1-2
in. L, naked, winged above ;fr. 1-6 in.L, 1-1| in. br., ovate-oblong, tripinnatifid,
main rachis with a very narrow wing ; pinnae ovate-rhomboidal, pinnatifid down
to a narrowly-winged rachis, with the lower pinnl. again deeply pinnatifid ;
ultimate segm. linear, often emarginate at the apex ; texture membranaceous ; a
central costa in each segment ; spurious venules none or indistinct ; sori 1 to 4 to
a pinna, axillary, tube more or less winged, mouth broadly dilated but scarcely
two-lipped ; recept. filiform, exserted.— #£. Sp. I. p. 124. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t.
206. — /3, T. emarginatum, Presl ; more divided, the segments of the pinnules
numerous and crowded. T. cavifolium, C. Muller. — y, T. olivaceum, Kunze ;
segments broader, less divided, wing of rachis somewhat crisped, spurious venules
distinct.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Brazil and
Peru ; Bourbon, Cape of Good Hope, Angola, Fernando Po, Hindostan as far north as
Khasia, Moulmein, Borneo, and New Caledonia. — Our a corresponds to numerous
species of Van den Bosch, including his hymenophylloides, Lechleri, JBrasiliense, Borboni-
cum, Milnei, Vieillardi, eximium, and Sclimidtianum.

50. T. radicans, Swartz ; rhizome wiry, wide-creeping, tomentose ; st. strong,
wiry, ascending, 2-6 in. 1., naked or nearly so, sometimes the upper part winged ;
fr. 4-12 in. 1., 2-6 in. br., tripinnatifid, main rachis very narrowly winged, often

free, except near the apex ; lower pinnae 1-4 in. 1., ovate-rhomboidal, cut down
to a narrowly-winged rachis ; pinnl. again deeply pinnatifid, ovate-rhomboidal,
with deeply toothed lower segm. ; texture membranaceous but firm ; a single vein
only carried into each ultimate segment ; sori lateral, 1 to 4 to a pinnule, the
tube small, subcoriaceous, more or less decidedly exserted, the mouth very
slightly two-lipped; recept. slender, elongated. — Hk. Syn. I. p. 125, non Hk. c$-
Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 218. Hk. Brit. Ferns, t. 42. T. speciosum, Willd.—^ T.
Kunzeanum, Hk. ; fr. 12-18 in. L, subcoriaceous, main and secondary rachises
hardly at all winged ; pinnae distant stalked, pinnules deeply pinnatifid, the
lowest lobes again pinnatifid, the segments very long and narrow. — Hk. Syn. 1,
p. 127. t. 39. D. T. Antillarum, V. D. B. T. umbrosum, Wall.—y, T. Luschna-
tianum, Presl \fr. lanceolate acuminate, quite sessile. — Hymenophyllum rupestre,
Raddi.

82 17. TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES.

Hab. Europe — Ireland, Wales, Spain ; Africa — Canaries, Madeira, island of St. Thomas,
Fernando Po, Angola, Johanna Island ; Asia — Japan and Northern Hindostan, Polyne-
sian Islands ; America, from Alabama, Mexico, and the West Indian islands southward
to Rio Janeiro.— -A very widely-diffused and variable plant. The two striking varieties
mentioned are both confined to the tropical zone. Van den Bosch refers T. scandcns,
Linn., to our fl, but the plant of the Linnsean Herbarium is our species 69.

61. T. auricuJatum, Blume ; rhizome strong, wide-creeping, tomentose ; fr. nearly
sessile, 6-12 in. ]., 1^-2 in. br., bipinnatifid, rachis wiry, very slightly winged
throughout or above only ; pinnce shortly stalked, ovate-rhomboidal, obliquely
cuneate at the base, irregularly pinnatifid halfway down or more, the lowest
anterior lobe often considerably prolonged beyond the others ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; venation close, flabellate ; sori 2-1 2 to a pinna, the tube nearly or
quite exserted, the mouth truncate. HJc. Syn. 1. p. 133. T. dissectum, J.Sm.
Hk. Syn. 1. p. 140. Cephalomanes, V. D.B.

Hab. Japan, Formosa, N. Hindostan, Philippines, Java, and Guiana. — Placed by
Van den Bosch in the same genus as T. Javanicum, on account of the agreement ia
venation.

52. T. denticulatum, Baker ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st. slender, naked,
j-^ in. 1. ; fr. 1-1^ in. 1., -| in. br., ovate or oblong, bipinnatifid, main rachis
winged above, free below ; pinnce pinnatind down to a narrowly-winged rachis ;
ultimate segm. linear, serrated, about ^ in. 1., \ lin. br. ; texture membranaceous ;
a costa only in each segment ; sori 1 to a pinna, terminal on the lowest segment
on the upper side, tube exserted, mouth with two bluntly triangular lips.

Hab. Borneo, discovered by the late Mr. Motley. — An interesting plant, combining
the habit of H, Tunbridgeme with the fruit of a Didymoglossum.

53. T.venosum, R. Br. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping; st. 1-2 in. L, very
slender, naked ; fr. 2-5 in. L, 1-]^ in. br., and pinnatifid, the main rachis free
in the lower half, broadly winged above ; lower pinnce about 1 in. L, varying
from linear and nearly simple to lanceolate deeply pinnatifid below; texture
membranaceous ; costa wavy, with numerous alternate once or twice dichotomous
secondary veins ; surface naked, shining ; sori only 1 to a pinna, axillary on the
upper margin, tube immersed, much dilated, slightly two-lipped. — Hk, Sp. 1. p.
132. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 78. Phlebiophyllum, F. D. B.

Hab. Australia and New Zealand. — A very distinct species.

54. T. crispum, L. ; rhizome short or somewhat elongated, strong, tomentose ;
fr. scattered or tufted; st. 2-6 in. 1., strong, wiry, tomentose ; fr. 4-12 in. 1.,
l|-2 in. br., lanceolate, fully pinnate or pinnatifid nearly to the rachis ; lower
pinnce f-1 in. 1., 2 lin. br., oblong, obtuse, spreading or even deflexed ; texture
membranaceous and the pinnse often incurved and crisped ; rachis more or less
clothed with reddish-brown hairs, the surface hairy, especially beneath, and the
margin ciliated ; lateral veins of the pinnae usually once dichotomous ; sori 1 to 3,
placed round the apex of the pinnae, tube quite sunk, mouth two-lipped ; recept.
long, exserted.— #£. Syn. 1. p. 130. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 12.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Mexico southward to Peru and Brazil, and
recently gathered in West Tropical Africa (banks of the Nun and Niger) by Barter ai.d
Mann. — Apparently we include here all the simply pinnatifid section of Achomanes of
Van den Bosch, who enumerates eighteen species. The principal variation is in the
vestitureof the frond and elongation of the rootstock, so that the fronds are either tufted
or scattered. The extremes of the series in the former respect are T. pellueens, Kunze,
which is nearly naked, and T. Marlinsii, Presl, and T, Plumula, Presl, in which the
rachis is densely clothed with long rust-coloured hairs, and the fronds also thickly coated,
especially beneath.

55. T. ciinitum, Swaitz; st. tufted, 1-3 in. 1., slender, villose ; fr. 2-8 in. 1,,

17. TRICIIOMANES, §§ EUTHICHOMANES. 83

|-| iii. br., ovate-lanceolate or linear-oblong, bipinnatifid ; pinnce reaching down
very nearly to the rachis, the lower ones ovate-oblong, cut about halfway down into
broadly linear segments ; substance membranaceous, the surface slightly hairy,
margin ciliated ; veins slender, the lateral v..4ns of the pinnse usually once
branched ; sori I to 2 to a pinna, terminal, tube sunk, mouth ciliated, spreading,
but scarcely two-lipped. — Hk.Sp. 1. p. 131.

Hab. West Indian Islands and Andes of Ecuador. — This constitutes the genus
Eagatelus of Presl.

56. T. lucens, Swartz ; caud. scarcely creeping ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., stout,
densely clothed with long, fine, ferruginous hairs; fr. 0-18 in. 1., 2-4 in. br.,
oblong-lanceolate, fully pinnate ; pinnce very close, often imbricated, transversely
crisped, pinnatifid about halfway down to the costa, the lower ones linear-
acuminate, 1-2 in. 1., !"§ in. br. ; substance delicately membranaceous ; rachis
densely tomentose ; costa and veins also rufo-villose ; sori as many as 20
to a pinna, occupying the greater part of both edges, tube quite sunk, mouth
with two lateral projections. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 139. t. 41. A. T. splendidum,
V. D. B.

Hab. Tropical America, from Guatemala and Jamaica southward to Peru.

57. T. Lambertianum, Hk. ; caud. scarcely creeping, tomentose ; st. stout, 4-5
in. 1., densely clothed with long, fine, reddish-brown hairs ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., not
more than 1 in. br., linear-oblong, acuminate, pinnate ; pinnce densely crowded,
imbricated, subsecund, oblong, obtuse, cut more than halfway down to the
rachis ; pinnl. again pinnatifid with linear-oblong segm.; substance thin, but
the frond much crisped, and especially the rachis, densely tomentose ; sori 4 to 12
to a pinna, the tube quite sunk, the mouth with two lateral projections. — Hk. Syn.
1. p. 139. t. 41. B.

Hab. Peru. — A singular plant, with very closely-crowded pinnae and segments, the
alliance of which is evidently with T. lucens.

]\fain rachis of the frond quite free or only very slightly winged towards
the apex. Sp. 58-77.

t Fronds simply pinnate, pinnules not divided. Sp. 58-60.

58. T. ccespitosum, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, densely interlaced ; fr. sessile
or nearly so, 1-2 in. 1., Jin. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce concave, linear-oblong,
entire, about J in. 1. by \ lin. br., the under surface, or solitary costa only,
clothed with strong brown hairs ; texture rather rigid ; sori 1 only to a pinna,
terminal, the tube obovate-cuneate, quite immersed, the mouth spreading, with
two rounded lips.— Hk. Syn. 1. p. 132. t. 40. B. Serpyllopsis, V. D. B.

Hab. S. Chili, Cape Horn, and Falkland Islands. — A very distinct plant, placed by
Van den Bosch in a genus by itself near Leptocionium.

59. T. Javanicum, Blume ; caud. tufted, with numerous strong wiry roots .;.- st.
1-4 in. 1., wiry, erect, naked or villose ; fr. 2-8 in. L, 1-2 in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, once fully pinnate ; lower pinnce often 1 in. 1., J in. br., oblong,
obtuse or acute, oblfquely cuneate at the base, finely toothed ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; veins numerous, close, central costa not clearly marked or con-
tinuous to the apex ; sori 1 to 4, placed in the axils of linear segments on the
upper side of the pinnse, tube free, the mouth broadly dilated but not two-
lipped ; recept. much exserted.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 130. Hk. $ Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 240.
Cephalomanes, V.D.B.

Hab. Tropical Hindostan, Malayan Peninsula, Borneo, Java, Polynesian Islands, and

84 17. TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES.

Madagascar. — This corresponds to the first section of the genus Cephalomanes of Van den
Bosch, who makes nine species.

60. T. pinnatum, Swartz ; caud. erect, tufted ; St. strong, wiry, erect, naked,
or slightly hairy, 3-12 in. 1. ; fr. simply pinnate in the typical state, 4-18 in. 1.,
3-12 in. br., the apex often rooting and proliferous ; pinnce in 2 to 10 opposite or
alternate pairs, and a terminal one, 2-6 in. 1., J to | in br., linear-obtuse or
acute, sharply and finely toothed, the upper edge usually free from the stem at
the base, the under one attached and often furnished with a broad decurrent
wing ; texture subcoriaceous ; central costa thick ; lateral veins fine and very
close, simple or forked, sometimes anastomosing ; son placed all round the
pinnee ; invol. small, tubular, exserted or stipitate, the mouth slightly dilated ;
recept. long, filiform, exserted.— T. floribundum, H.B.K. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 129.
Hk. 8f Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 9.— /3, T. Vittaria, D. C. ; Jr. 6-18 in. L, about 1 in br.,
linear-lanceolate, entire.— .#£. in Lond. Journ. Bot. I. p. 117. t. 5.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and Jamaica southward to Brazil and Peru. —
This corresponds to the genus Neurophyllum of Presl, Neuromanes of Van den Bosch.
The latter makes five species, of which N. dbruptum is distinguished from the other four
by the absence of spurious venules connecting the veins on each side of the central costa.
It is figured in Hk. G. F. t. 8, and is T. Rostmannianum, Klotzch. Some of Dr. Burchell's
specimens show the simple and pinnate-fronded forms from the same root.

ft Fronds decompound, slender, flaccid, ultimate segments very narrowly linear or
filiform. Sp. 61-68.

61. T. tenue, Brack. ; st. 1-2 in. 1., slender, naked ; Jr. 2-3 in. 1., 1-1| in.
br., ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatind, main rachis very narrowly winged in the
upper half ; pinnce cut down to a narrowly- winged rachis ; pinnl. again pin-
natifid, with a few long, narrow, distant, erecto-patent linear segm. ; both
surfaces naked, a central costa only in each segment ; sori 1 to 4 to a pinna, tube
exserted, the mouth widely dilated, naked, t \vo-lipped. — Brack, t. 36. /. 2.

Hab. Tahiti. — This and the next are not so flaccid in habit as the rest of the group,
and have distinctly two-lipped involucres.

62. T. brevipes, Baker ; rhizome tomentose, with numerous short-branched
rootlets ; st. very short ; fr. 2-3 in, 1., 1-1^ in. br., ovate-deltoid, fully pinnate,
or rachis very slightly winged at the apex ; pinnce spreading, ovate, cut down
to a very narrowly-winged rachis ; lowest pinnl. again deeply pinnatifid, with
narrow linear segm., 1 lin. 1., J lin. br. ; texture membranaceous, a single
costa only in each segment ; sori 2 to 8 to a pinna, axillary, tube more or less
exserted, mouth with two large rounded lips. — Didymoglossum brevipes, Presl,
Hym.p. 23. T. melanorhizon, Hk. Syn. 1. p. 140. Ic. PL t. 705.

Hab. Leyte, Philippine Islands, Cuming, No. 316. — Distinguished from the preceding
by its more numerous pinnules, each furnished with several comparatively short narrow
linear segments on both sides.

63. T. Smithii, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., slender, erect, naked ; fr. 4-8 in. 1.,
1-1^ in. br., flaccid, lanceolate-oblong, tripinnatifid, main rachis only slightly
winged towards the apex ; pinnce cut down to a narrowly-winged rachis, the
divisions usually simple, occasionally forked, long, linear (% lin. br., J-^ in. 1.) ;
texture membranaceous, a central costa in each segment, the cells several times
broader than deep, separated from one another by continuous oblique vein-like
lines ; sori to 4 to a pinna, axillary, the tube narrowly winged, the mouth
with two lateral projections.— //£. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 138. Hk. Ic. £.704. Habro-
dictyon Cumingii, Presl, Hym. t. 7.

Hab. Philippine Islands. — Resembling T. tenerum and caudatum in habit, but the
venation is quite unique and very peculiar.

17. TPICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES. 85

04. T. caudatmn, Brack.; rhizome creeping; st. 1-2 in. 1., naked ; fr. 3-12
in. 1., 1-3 in. br., lanceolate, tripinnatifid, main rachis only very sligtly winged
above ; lower pinna? ovate-rhomboidal, erecto-patent, pinnatifid down to a
narrowly- winged rachis ; pinnl. again pinnatifid ; ultimate segm. about 1 lin. 1.,
| lin. br. ; texture membranaceous, surface naked, a central costa only in each
segment ; sori 1 to 8 to a pinna, tube exserted, mouth spreading, not two-lipped.
— Brackenridge, t. 36. fig. 5.

Hab. Fiji Islands, Tahiti, and N. S. Wales. — Very near T. tenerum, but stronger in
habit, darker in colour, the erecto-patent pinnae broader and more divided.

65. T. tenerum, Sprengel ; rhizome creeping, tomentose, very slender ; st. 1-2
in. 1., slender, naked ; fr. 3-8 in. 1., 1-1^ in br., pendent, flaccid, lanceolate,
tripinnatifid, the main rachis only very slightly winged towards the apex ;
pinnae distant, flaccid, cut down to a narrowly-winged rachis., with distant
deeply incised or pinnatifid pinnl.; ultimate segm. 2-2£ lin. 1., \ lin. br.,
texture membranaceous, surface naked ; a central costa only in each segment ;
sori 1 to 4 to a pinna, tube more or less exserted, mouth spreading, but not
lipped.— T. angustatum, Carm* HL Sp. 1. p. 141. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 166.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico southward to Peru and Brazil and island of
Tristan d'Acunha.

66. T. exsectum, Kunze ; rhizome wide-creeping, slender, tomentose ; st. slender,
naked, 1-3 in. 1. ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., pendent, flaccid, lanceolate, tripin-
natifid, the main rachis narrowly winged in the upper half ; pinna? distant,
flaccid, the upper ones often 3-4 in. 1., the lower ones ovate or lanceolate,
divided down to a narrowly-winged rachis, with a few deeply toothed or
pinnatifid pinnl. ; texture membranaceous, surface naked ; a central costa only in
each segment ; sori 1 to 4 to a pinna, tube sunk, the mouth truncate. — Hk. Syn.
Fill. |.141.

Hab. S. Chili, Chiloe, and Juan Fernandez. — A much larger plant than T. tenerum,
with less divided pinnae and broader and more distant segments.

67. T. Colensoi, Hk. fil. ; rhizome slender, naked, wide-creeping ; st. about
1 in. 1., slender, naked ; fr. 2-4 in. 1., J-l in br., oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
fully pinnate ; pinnce distant, ovate or lanceolate-rhomboidal, stalked, and cut
nearly or quite down to a slender rachis ; segm. linear-acute, very narrow ;
substance flaccid, a central costa only in each segment; sori solitary, supra-
axillary, the tube stipitate, the mouth scarcely dilated ; recept. very long and
slender.— Hk. 2. Cent. Ferns, t. 79.

Hab. New Zealand, discovered by the Kev. W. Colenso.

68. T. trichoideum, Sw. ; rhizome creeping, slender ; st. 1-2 in. 1., very slender,
naked ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., pendent, flaccid, lanceolate, tripinnatifid, main
rachis only very slightly winged at the apex ; pinnce flaccid, 1-2 in. 1., the rachis
only winged above ; pinnl. deeply cut with distant linear-filiform segm. 1-2 lin.
1., j-^ lin. br. ; texture membranaceous, a central costa only in each segment ;
sori 1 to 4 to a pinna, the tube exserted, sometimes stalked, the mouth spreading,
not two-lipped.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 141. Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 199.

Hab. West Indian Islands and Mexico southward to Ecuador and Brazil. — Apparently
this is the T. capillaceum of Linnaeus.

ttt Fronds decompound, main rachis rigid, ultimate segments subcoriaceous,
except in No. 69. Sp. 69-78.

69. T. scandens, Linn. Herb. ; rhizome wiry, wide-creeping ; st. strong, erect,

86 17. TRICHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANES.

naked, 2-4 in. 1. ; Jr. 6-18 in. 1., 3-6 in. br., fully pinnate, or the rachis very
slightly winged above, ovate-acuminate in general outline, the rachis hairy ; lower
pinnae ovate-lanceolate, nearly pinnate, 2-4 in. 1. ; pinnl. divided down to a
narrow wing and segm. again pinnatifid about halfway down, margins finely
hairy ; substance finely membranaceous, several fine veins in each ultimate
segment; sari 1 to 4 to a pinnule, tube quite sunk, mouth slightly spreading
with two lateral projections. — HTc. Sp. 1. p. 140. T. macroclados, Kunze.
T. Lindeni, Presl.

Hab. Cuba and Jamaica. — Differs from all the following species by its membranaceous
segments.

70. T. rigidum, Swartz ; st. tufted, erect, wiry, 2-8 in. 1., naked or very
slightly winged above ; fr. 2-8 in. 1., 2-6 in. br., deltoid or ovate-acuminate, tri-
or quadri-pinnatifid, the main rachis usually only slightly winged towards the
top ; lower pinnae 2-3 in. 1., erecto-patent, ovate or lanceolate-rhomboidal, cut
down to a rachis which is very narrowly winged throughout or free below ;
pinnl. deeply pinnatifid, with deeply toothed or even pinnatifid linear lobes ;
texture subcoriaceous, colour dark-green, nearly black when dry, nearly naked,
often slightly crisped ; sort 2 to 12 to a pinnule, small, axillary, the tube more
or less exserted, the mouth slightly dilated.— //£. Sp. Fil. !./>. 133. Beddome,
Fil. Ind. t. 8. Sturm, Brasil. t. 18. /. 12. T. strictum, Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 122.
— /3, T. elongatum, Cunning. ; fr. deltoid, segments broader, pinnae and pinnules
often imbricated ; iwoal. slightly two-lipped.— #£. Sp. 1. p. 134. Ic. PL t. 701.

Hab. Tropical America, Cuba, and Mexico southward to Peru and Bio Janeiro ; Poly-
nesian Islands, New Zealand, Japan, Malayan Peninsula, S. China, S. Hindostan, Ceylon,
Mascaren Isles, Natal, Cape Colony, Angola, Fernando Po. — Here belong numerous
species of Van den Bosch, including Mandioccanum, obscurum, Dregei, Boivini, achitlece-
folium, tamarisciforme, flavo-fuscescens, pumilum, dentatum, and longicollum.

71. T. meifolium, Bory ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., strong, erect, more or less
fibrillose, and the tuft densely so at the crown ; Jr. 9-18 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., ovate,
quadri-pinnatifid, the main rachis only slightly winged towards the apex ; lower
pinnce 4-6 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., lanceolate-acuminate ; pinnl. with numerous segm.,
which are again cut down irrto slightly flattened ultimate divisions, about
1 lin. 1. ; texture subrigid, surface naked, a single costa only in each segment ;
sori 2 to 12 to a pinnule, small, the involucre short, turbinate. — Hk. Sp. \.p.
137. T. apiifolium, Presl. T. Bauerianum, Endl. T. exaltatum, Brack. —
/3, T. polyanthos, Hk. ; sori larger ; invol. | in. deep, 1 lin. br., cupshaped, two-
lipped.— -Hk. Sp.l.p. 138. Ic. PI. t. 703.

Hab. Philippine Islands, Java, Polynesian Islands, and Norfolk Island. — This resembles
T. maximum in general outline, but the habit is more graceful, the texture more delicate,
and the involucres are much smaller and shorter, verging upon those of Hymenophyllum.

72. T. maximum, Blume ; rhizome stout, creeping ; st. strong, erect, 3-6 in. 1. ;
fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate, quadripinnatifid ; pinnce erecto-patent, ovate-
lanceolate, the largest 4-6 in. 1., 2 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate-deltoid, 1 in. or
more 1., cut down to the rachis into segm., which are again deeply pinnatifid ;
ultimate segm. 1^-2 lin. 1., slightly flattened, texture subrigid, surface naked,
dark-green ; a central costa only in each segment ; sari 2 to 8 to a pinnule ;
invol. cylindrical, the mouth dilated, but not two-lipped. —Hk. Sp. 1. p. 137. T.
anceps, /3, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 135, t. 40. C. 3. T. intermedium, P. D. B.

Hab. Java, Borneo, and Polynesian Islands. — A larger plant than T. rigidum, with
more divided pinnae and narrower segments.

73. T. Prieurii, Kunze ; st. stout, tufted (sometimes 2 lin. thick below),
4-8 in. 1., naked or slightly tomentose, sometimes the upper part winged ; fr.

17. TIUCHOMANES, §§ EUTRICHOMANE8. 87

12-18 in. 1., 6-12 in. br., broadly ovate, tri- or quadri-pinnatifid ; main rachis
very narrowly winged throughout or above only ; lower pinnae 4-6 in. 1.,
ovate-rhomboidal, cut down to a narrowly-winged rachis ; pinnl. again deeply
pinnatifid, with rather distant, long, linear, sharply-toothed or pinnatifid segnir-f
texture subcoriaceous (three layers of cells), colour dark-green, nearly black
when dry, surface a little hairy ; veins close, often more than one in the ultimate
segments ; sori 2 to 12 to a pinnule, small, axillary, often recurved, tube free,
much dilated, not two-lipped. — T. anceps, a, Hk. Syn. 1. p. 135. t. 40. C. (non
WallicJi). T. Leprieurii, Hk. Gard. Ferns, £.11. Davalliopsis, F. D. B.

Hab. West Indian Islands southward to Peru and Brazil. — T. Weddellii, elegans, and
opacum, V. D. B., apparently must be referred here.

74. T. giganteum, Bory ; rhizome wide-creeping, tomentose ; st. 4-6 in. 1.,
strong, erect ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate, quadri-pinnatifid ; main rachis
hardly at all winged above ; lower pinnae ovate-lanceolate, 6-8 in. 1., cut down to
the rachis ; pinnl. 1 in. 1., cut down very nearly to the rachis, the divisions
again deeply pinnatifid ; ultimate segm. linear, distinctly flattened, 1 lin. 1.,
J lin. br., surface dark-green, naked, shining, texture between rigid and mem-
branaceous ; a central vein only in each segment ; sori 2 to 20 to a pinnule,
axillary ; tube more or less exserted, mouth rather dilated, not two-lipped. — Hk.
Sp. 1. p. 137. Ic. PI. t. 702. T. elatum, F. D. B.

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, Joanna Island, Malayan Archipelago and Fiji group. — A
handsome plant, distinctly quadri-pinnatifid, the most ample and divided species of the
genus, nearest T. meifolium, but neither so rigid or coriaceous, and with shorter ultimate
segments.

75. T. Sprucei^ Baker ; st. nearly tufted, 1-3 in. 1., wiry, erect, naked, slightly
winged above ; fr. 3-4 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., erect, ovate-deltoid, acuminate,
tripinnatifid ; main rachis very narrowly winged throughout ; pinnce erecto-
patent, cut down to a very narrowly- winged rachis ; lower pinnl. deeply pin-
natifid, with forked or even pinnatifid lower segm. ; ultimate segm. flat, linear,
1^-2 lin. 1., texture sub-membranaceous, surface naked, dark olive-green when
dry, a single vein only in each segment, cellules large ; sori 2 to 12 to a pinna,
tube small, nearly free, mouth slightly spreading.

Hab. North of Brazil, Spruce, 1399 and 2838.— A more deeply divided plant than
T. gemmatum, with a subdeltoid outline, more numerous sori, less rigid habit, and dis-
tinctly flattened segments.

76. T.gemmattim,J Smith ; rhizome strong, wiry, tomentose, beset with numerous
long black wiry fibres ; st. 1-3 in. 1., naked, wiry, winged above ; fr. 2-6 in. ].,'
1-2 in. br., erect, subrigid, ovate-oblong, bipinnatifid ; main rachis narrowly
winged ; pinnce erecto-patent, cut down to a narrowly-winged rachis ; lower
pinnl. deeply forked with subrigid, linear-filiform segm. 1^-2 lin. 1., cellules
large ; sori 1 to 8 to a pinna, minute, axillary, the tube turbinate, stalked, the
mouth nearly truncate. — T. cellulosum, Sturm, Hk. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 63. T,
filiforme, Sturm. T. longisetum, Brack. T. Asse-Grayi, F. D. B. T. foenicu-
laceum, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 135. (in part}.

Hab. Venezuela, north of Brazil, Polynesian Islands, Java, Philippines, and Malayan
Peninsula.

77. T. longisetum, Bory ; rhizome strong, wiry, tomentose ; st. 1-4 in. 1., erect,
wiry, tomentose, not at all winged ; fr. 3-8 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., erect, subrigid,
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate ; main rachis quite free ; pinnce spreading or
erecto-patent, 1-1^ in. 1., cut down to the rachis ; pinnl. cut down into numerous
filiform capillary segm. 1^-2 lin. 1., colour dark-brown or blackish ; a central
costa only in the segments, not visible except under a high magnifying power ;

88 18. DAVALLIA, § HUMATA.

sori 1 to 6, minute, axillary, the tube stalked, the mouth truncate. — V. D. B.
Hym. Jav. t. 21. T. Pluma, We. lc. PL t. 997.

Hab. Borneo, Java, Samoa, Bourbon. — A very singular plant, with the segments
spreading in all directions, and not at all flattened. T. Pluma of Hooker appears to
be a long narrow form of this species, in habit singularly resembling a bottle-brush.

78. T. fceniculaceum, Bory ; st. nearly tufted, erect, wiry, 2-4 in. 1., naked or
tomentose ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 1^-3 in. br., erect, rigid, ovate-lanceolate ; main rachis
naked or slightly winged above; lower pinnae spreading or erecto-patent, 1-1|
in. 1., cut down quite or very nearly to the rachis ; pinnl. regularly pinnatifid,
with simple or forked linear-filiform segm., 1-1^ lin. 1., colour dark-green or
brownish-black when dry, texture subcoriaceous ; sori 2 to 12 to a pinna, minute,
axillary, the mouth rather spreading but not two-lipped. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 135.
(in part).

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, Borneo, and Rockingham Bay, Australia (T. setilobum,
F. Mueller, MSS.). — Intermediate between rigidum and longlsetum, the segments rather
flattened.

TRIBE 4. DAVALLIE^E.

Sori marginal or submarginal, roundish, covered by a reniform or suborbicular
squamiform involucre, which is open at the apex, fastened broadly at the base, and
open or free at the sides. GEN. 18-19.

GEN. 18. DAVALLIA, Smith.

Sori intra- or submarginal, globose or elongated either laterally or vertically.
Invol. terminal on the veins, various in shape, united or free at the sides, the apex
always free. Caps, stalked. A large genus, which has its head-quarters in the
Tropics of the Old World. Fronds various in size and division, herbaceous or
coriaceous ; veins always free ; rhizome usually wide-creeping and scaly. There
are four principal types in the shape of the involucre (see plate), of which
Microlepia connects Eudavallia with Dicksonia and Odontoloma with Lindsaya.
TAB. II. f. 18.

§ Humata, Cav. Invol. ample, coriaceous, suborbicular or reniform, attached by a
broad base, the apex and sides free. — Sp. 1-11. Fronds in all coriaceous, usually
deltoid, 3 to 6 inches long, more or less distinctly dimorphous, the barren ones hardly
more than once pinnatifid. All plants of the Malayan islands, one reaching the
Himalayas and the Mauritius. Sp. 12 is an anomalous simply pinnate S. American
plant, which seems best placed here.

* Barren fronds entire. Sp. 1-2.

1. D. (Hum.) heterophylla, Smith; rhizome wide-creeping, scaly ; fr. shortly
stalked, 3-6 in. 1., 1 in. br,, glabrous ; texture coriaceous, the sterile one ovate-
lanceolate, entire or slightly lobed at the base, the fertile one narrower, deeply
sinuato-pinnatifid ; sori 2 to 10 to a lobe.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 152. Fil. Ex. t. 27.
Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 230.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Polynesian Islands.

2. D. (Hum.) angustata, Wallich ; rhizome wide-creeping, scaly ; fr. subsessile
or shortly stalked, 3-8 in. 1., ^-f in. br., linear, slightly and irregularly crenate
at the margin, sometimes once forked ; texture coriaceous, both surfaces naked ;
sori in a row along the edges.— Hk. Sp. \.p. 152. Hk. $ Gr. lc. Fil. t. 231.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Islands.

18. DAVALLIA, § HUMATA 89

** Barren fronds pinnatifid. Sp. 3-11.

3. D. (Hum.) parallel^ Wallich ; rhizome creeping, scaly ; St. 2-4 in. 1., .greet,
more or less scaly ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, cut down nearly
or quite to the rachis into long parallel linear-oblong entire bluntish or acute
lobes, the lowest pair sometimes auricled ; texture coriaceous ; sori oblique, in
two rows in the lobes, occupying the greater part of the space between the costa
and margin. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 153. t. 42. A. Pteroneuron, Fee.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Polynesian Islands. — Habit and size of Polypodium
vulgare. Rachis sometimes densely scaly.

4. D. (Hum.) pectinata, Smith ; rhizome creeping, scaly ; st. 2-4 in. 1., erect,
more or less scaly ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, cut down nearly or
quite to the main rachis into long parallel linear-oblong, entire or inciso-
pinnatifid pinnce, the lowest pair deeply pinnatifid on the lower side, with lobes
sometimes \ in. 1. ; texture coriaceous ; 'sori obliquely placed in two submarginal
rows.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 153. Hk. <& Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 139.

Hab. Tropical Polynesian Islands. — Quite similar to the preceding in size and
texture.

• 5. D. (Hum.) sessilifolia, Blume ; rhizome very long, wide-creeping, densely
clothed with rigid filiform scales ; fr. subsessile, 2-4 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., ovate-
lanceolate, cut down nearly to the rachis into parallel linear-oblong, entire or
sinuated lobes, the lower side of the lower one sometimes deeply pinnatifid ;
texture subcoriaceous ; sori in two rows in the lobes, occupying the greater
part of the space between the costa and margin. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 154. — /3, H.
polypodioides, Brack, t. 32; fr. stalked (st. 1-2 in. 1.), rather larger and more
acute.

Hab. Java, Celebes, and Fiji Islands. — Examples gathered by Milne in Fiji quite
connect the plant figured by Brackenridge with Blume's specimens.

6. D. (Hum.) pedata, Smith ; rhizome wide-creeping, scaly ; st. 2-4 in. L,
rather scaly ; fr. 2-4 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br. at the base, deltoid in general outline, cut
down nearly to the rachis ; upper segm. linear-oblong, acute, erecto-patent,
inciso-dentate, the lower pair broader, deeply inciso-pinnatifid, especially on the
lower side ; texture coriaceous ; sori placed in rows on the teeth on both sides of
the lobes.— Hk. Sp.l.p. 54. t. 45. A. Gard. Ferns, t. 7.

Hab. Hindostan, from 2,000 ft. in Khasia southward to Ceylon, Hongkong, Malayan
Peninsula, Java, Borneo, Queensland, Mascaren Isles.

7. D. (Hum.) alpina, Blume ; rhizome creeping, scaly ; st. 2-4 in. 1. ; fr. 2-3
in.l., 1-1^ in.br., deltoid in general outline, upper segments of barren frond slightly
dentate, blunt at the apex of the fertile frond, distant, deeply and sharply
toothed, the lower ones cut nearly to the rachis with sharply-toothed lobes ;
texture coriaceous, lower part of rachis winged narrowly ; sori placed in the teeth
on both sides. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 154. D. Belangeri, Boiy. H. serrata, Brack.

Hab. Mergui and Ledong, Java, Borneo, and Polynesian Islands. — Very near
7). pedata, but smaller and rather more deeply cut. We have not seen the Javanese
D. longula, Kunze (Bot. Zeit. 1848, p. 215), which is said to be very closely allied
to this.

8. D. (Hum.) j^mTfo, Metten. ; rhizome creeping, scaly ; st. 1 in. or less 1. ; fr.
\-\\ in. 1., i-f in. br., cordato-deltoid in outline, cut down to a narrowly-winged
rachis ; upper segm. linear-oblong, cuneate at the base, deeply inciso-dentate,
lower pair broader, deeply inciso-pinnatifid on the lower side, teeth very acute ;

M

90 18. DAVALLIA, §§ LEUCOSTEGIA.

texture coriaceous ; veins prominent ; sori small, placed at the base of the small
teeth.— Mett. Fil. Nov. Cal. No. 73.

Hab. Aneiteum and New Caledonia. — Near D. alpina, but the teeth of the fertile
fronds much sharper.

9. D. (Hum.) vestita, Blume ; rhizome wide-creeping, densely scaly ; st. 3-4 in.
]., rather scaly below ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., deltoid in outline ; all, except
the upper pinnce, cut down to a narrowly- winged rachis; barren frond with the
segm. of all, except the lower pinnae, blunt, scarcely toothed ; lobes of the
fertile pinnae narrower, sharper toothed ; of the lower ones deeply so ; texture
coriaceous ; sori placed on the teeth of the segments. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 156. t. 41. C.
D. bipinnatifida, Blume, Hk. 1. c.

Hab. Java and Ceylon.

10. D. (Hum.) Cumingii, Hk. ; rhizome creeping, scaly; st. 3-4 in. 1., both it
and the rachis rather scaly ; sterile fr. about 1 in. each way, deltoid-cordate, cut
down nearly to the rachis ; upper pinnae blunt, slightly toothed, the lower pair
deeply pinnatind below ; texture coriaceous ; fertile fr. 4-5 in. 1., 3 in. br., the
same shape, but much more divided ; lowest pinnl. deeply pinnatifid with sharply
toothed lobes ; sori placed in the teeth of the segments. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 155.
t. 45. B.

Hab. Philippine Islands.

11. D. (Hum.) botrychioides, Brack. ; rhizome wide-creeping, scaly ; st. 3-5 in.
1., scaly below ; fr. 6-8 in. 1., 3-5 in. br., deltoid in general outline, decidedly
dimorphous, the barren ones with a narrowly- winged rachis ; lowest pinnae cut
down nearly to the rachis, with deep bluntly-toothed ' segments ; fertile pinnae
much more finely divided ; pinnl. of the lower pinnse cut down to a narrow
rachis with narrow sharply-toothed segments almost covered with sori. — Brack,
t. 32. fig. 1.

Hab. Aneiteum and Fiji Islands.

12. D. (Hum.) Imrayana, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, paleaceous ; st. 4-8 in.
1., erect, brown or black, naked, polished ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., ovate, once
pinnate ; pinnce 7 to 15, the largest about 3 in. 1., 1 in. br., lanceolate, with broad
blunt teeth, somewhat unequal-sided and obliquely truncate at the base below ;
texture herbaceous, both surfaces naked ; sori placed in the teeth at a short
distance from the margin ; invol. rounded, broader than deep, attached by the
base only.— Hk. Sp. I. p. 171. t. 49. A.

Hab. Dominica, Guadeloupe, and Guiana.

§§ Leucostegia. Invol. attached as in Humata, but smaller, narrower, and
thinner. Sp. 13-24. Pinnules uniform on the lower and upper side. Fronds
various in size and texture, with one exception tri- or quadripinnatifid or pinnate,
mostly inhabiting Polynesia and tropical Asia, several extending to the Himalayas,
some to New Zealand, but none either to Africa or America. Acrophorus of Moore
includes this and Odontoloma.

13. D. (Leucos.) Parishii, Hk. MSS. ; rhizome creeping, scarcely scaly ; st.
slender, 3-4 in. 1. ; fr. flaccid, 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., deltoid, cut down to the
rachis below, but not above ; lower pinnce distant, the lowest pair broadest and
most deeply cut on the lower side ; lowest pinnl. reaching down nearly to the
rachis, toothed more than halfway down, with oblong blunt crenate lobes;
texture membranous ; sori few, marginal in the crenations.

Hab. Limestone rocks, Moulmein, Rev. C. S. Parish. — A very distinct species.

18. DAVALLIA, §§ LEUCOSTEGIA. 91

14. D. (Leucos.) membranulosa, Wallich ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely
clothed with lanceolate pale-brown scales ; St. 2-3 in. 1. ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in br.,
lanceolate, once fully pinnate, but the main rachis slightly winged above ; lower
pinnae lanceolate, 2-3 in. 1., |-in. br., cut down to a narrowly- winged rachi&inlQ .
numerous sharply-toothed oblong segments ; texture thinly herbaceous ; sori
2 to 8 to a segment, obliquely placed between the costa and margin. — Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 159. t. 53. A.

Hab. Himalayas of Nepaul, Kumaon, and Bootan.

15. D. (Leucos.) immersa, Wallich; rhizome hypogseous, wide-creeping, stout,
fibrillose ; st. 4-8 in. 1., strong, erect ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., deltoid, tripin-
nate ; lowest pinnl. lanceolate-deltoid, 2-3 in. 1., 1 in. br., with broad segm.,
which are obliquely truncate at the base below, and roundly lobed, with the
lobes again crenate above ; texture herbaceous ; sori large (1 lin. br.), 1 to 6
to a segment, oblique. — HTc. Sp. 1. p. 156. Fil. Ex. t. 79. Cyst, dimidiata,
Dec.

Hab. Hindostan, ascending on the Himalayas to 6-8,000 ft., Malayan Peninsula and
Java. — By its subdimidiate segments this connects Leucostegia with Odontoloma ; it is
also peculiar in having the rhizome developed beneath the surface of the soil.

16. D. (Leucos.) multidentata, Hk. MSS. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, scaly;
st. 4-6 in. 1., stout, clothed below with large ovate-lanceolate pale-brown scales ;
fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., ovate-deltoid, bipinnate ; pinnl. of the lower pinnce 2-3 in.
1., 1 in. br., deltoid-lanceolate, acuminate, cut down to a narrow rachis with
deeply inciso-pinnatind ovate-oblong lower segm. ; texture herbaceous ; sori
2 to 12 to a segment, placed at the base of its teeth on the upper side of
the central vein. — Aspidium multidentatum, Wall. Cat. 346. Aero. Thomsoni,
Moore.

Hab. Himalayas of Nepaul, Sikkim (5-7,000 ft.), Assam, &c.

17. D. (Leucos.) pulchra, Don; rhizome thick, creeping, densely clothed with
lanceolate bright-brown scales ; st. 2-6 in. 1., erect, scaly below ; fr. 6-9 in. 1.,
2-4 in. br., lanceolate- deltoid, tri- or quadripinnate ; lower pinnl. deltoid, their
lobes cut down to the rachis into very narrowly linear sharp-pointed segments ;
texture subcoriaceous ; sori copious, broader than the segments, placed at the
ultimate forks.— Hk. Sp.l.p. 160.

Hab. Himalayas of Khasia and Sikkim, up to 11-12,000 ft. — An elegant plant, with
all the copious divisions very narrow.

18. D. (Leucos.) falcinella, Presl; rhizome creeping, thickly clothed with
purplish-black rigid hairs ; st. 2-3 in. 1., erect ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., deltoid,
tri- or quadripinnatifid ; main rachis slightly winged ; lowest pinnce unequal-
sided, deltoid ; pinnl. oblong, cut down nearly to the rachis with segments
which are again deeply toothed, ultimate divisions of the fertile frond falcate
mucronate, of the barren frond rather broader and not so sharp ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; sori 2 to 6 to a lobe, placed at the base of the teeth.— HTc. Sp. 1.
p. 159.

Hab. Philippine Islands. — This would perhaps be better placed amongst the deltoid
Eudavallice, "with which it agrees in habit.

19. D. (Leucos.) Novce Zelandice, Colenso ; rhizome creeping, clothed with
filiform scales ; st. 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., deltoid,
tripinnate ; lower pinnl. deltoid-lanceolate, cut down to the rachis, except
towards the apex, into narrow deeply pinnatifid acute segments ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; sori numerous, placed on the teeth of the segments. — Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 158. t. 51. B. Gard. Ferns, t. 51. Acrophoius hispidus, Moore.

92 18. DAVALLIA, §§§ ODONTOLOMA.

Hab. New Zealand.— Allied to D.pulckra, but much larger in size, with broader more
divided segments.

20. D. (Leucos.) chcerophylla, Wallich ; rhizome wide-creeping, clothed with
broad obtuse adpressed scales ; st. 4-6 in. 1., naked ; fr. 9-15 in. 1., 4-8 in. br.,
lanceolate-deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lowest pinnl. 1-2 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut
down to a narrowly-winged rachis into deeply pinnatifid segm., ultimate lobes
narrow and acute in the fertile, rather broader in the barren frond ; texture
thinly herbaceous, rather flaccid ; sori copious, placed at the base of the teeth of
the segments, which they about equal in breadth. — Hk. Sp. FiL 1. p. 157- t. 51. A.
Cystopteris squamata, Dec., Hk. Sp. FiL 1. p. 201.

Hab. North of India, ascending in the Himalayas to 9-10,000 ft., Cashmere, Neil-
gherries, Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula.

21. D. (Leucos.) parvula, Wallich ; rhizome wide-creeping, scaly ; st. 1-2 in. 1.,
or fr. subsessile, -|-f in. 1. by ^ in. br., deltoid in outline, bi- or tripinnate, with
all the divisions of the frond almost filiform and the ultimate segm. sharp at the
point ; texture coriaceous ; sori placed at the sinuses of the ultimate forks ; invol.
broader than the segments. — Hk. Sp. \.p. 160. HTc. & Gr. Ic. FiL 138.

Hab. Singapore and Borneo. — Placed by Mettenius in Humata, with which it quite
agrees in habit.

22. D. (Leucos.) affinis, Hk. ; rhizome thick, densely clothed with sharp-
pointed ferruginous scales ; st. 4-9 in. 1., erect, strong ; fr. 12-24 in. 1., 6-12 in.
br., deltoid-lanceolate, tri- or quadripinnate ; lower pinnl. with oblong rhom-
boidal lobes, the segm. of which are deeply and finely inciso-pinnatifid with
sharp teeth ; texture herbaceous ; sori 2 to 6 to a segment, small, placed at the
base of the teeth.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 158. t. 52. B.

Hab. Neilgherries, Ceylon, Java, and Polynesian Islands, frequent. — Lowest pinnules
often 2 in. 1., 1 in. br. Very like D. chcerophylla in texture and cutting, but much
larger.

23. D. (Leucos.) nodosa, Hk. ; fr. tufted ; st. 12-24 in. 1., strong, erect, scaly
below ; fr. 2-4 ft. L, broadly ovate, quadripinnate ; lower pinnae 12-18 in. 1., 6-9
in. br. ; lower pinnl. lanceolate, 4-6 in. L, 2 in. br., the segm. cut down to the
rachis with distant, small, rather bluntly-toothed oblong-deltoid lobes ; texture
herbaceous ; sori small, 1 to 4 to a lobe, placed between the costa and margin.
— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 157. Kew Gard. Misc. 9. t. 10. Acrophorus, Presl.

Hab. North Hindostan, ascending in Sikkim to 7-10,000 ft., Malayan Peninsula, Java.
— Fronds like those of an Alsophila, but habit not arborescent. It is the original Acro-
phorus of Presl.

24. D. (Leucos.) trichomanoides, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, strong ;fr. 9-18 in. L,
6-9 in. br., supra- decompound; pinnl. of the lower pinnse 2-3 in. 1., 1 in. br.,
deltoid, their segments cut down to the rachis, and the lobes again cut down into
linear- filiform ultimate divisions, about \ lin. 1. ; texture thinly herbaceous ; sori
placed at the dilated apices of the ultimate divisions ; invol. oblong. — Hk. 2nd
Cent. Ferns, t. 64. D. ferulacea, Moore.

Hab. Fiji Islands ; gathered by Mr. Milne.

§§§ Odontoloma. Invol. as in Leticostegia, but with a tendency to become confluent,
and the pinnules pellucido-herbaceous in texture and dimidiate (resembling a quarter
of a circle) in shape. Sp. 25-30. A small natural group very near the dimidiate
Lindsay ce. All but one are inhabitants of S. E. Asia and Polynesia, one being
S. American and one Mauritian.

18. DAVALLIA, §§§ ODONTOLOMA. 93

* Fronds not branched. Sp. 25-27.

25. D. (Odont.) hymenophylloides, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping, slender, scan-
dent, paleaceous \fr. subsessile, simply pinnate, 4-6 in. 1., about f in. br. ; pinnae
1^-2 lin. deep, cut down into narrow simple or forked linear segments to a nearly
straight rachis ; texture thinly herbaceous, both surfaces naked ; sori subrotund.
— Lindssea, Blume, Enum. Fil. Jav. p. 218.

Hab. Java. — This agrees with 0. triquetra, except that the main rachis is not
branched.

26. D. (Odont.) pulchetta, Hk. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, and much
branched ; st. slender, wiry, erect, naked, 2-3 in. 1. ; fr. 4-12 in. 1., \ -f in. br. ;
pinnce slightly stalked, about |- in. across, ^ in. deep, the lower margin more
or less curved upwards, oblique at the base, the upper cut into 2 to 4 blunt
lobes ; texture herbaceous, rachis and both surfaces naked ; sori small, placed
in the lobes at a short distance from the edge ; veins sometimes anastomosing
at the apex, and then their sori become confluent. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 177. t. 548,
Synaphlebium Pickeringii, Brack, p. 223. t. 50.

Hab. Philippine Islands, Fiji, and Samoa. — The original Philippine 0. pulchella quite
corresponds with Dr. Seemann's smaller specimens of the Feejean plant.

27. D. (Odont.) repens, Desv. ; rhizome wide-creeping, paleaceous, climbing ;
fr. simply pinnate, 8-18 in. 1., ^-1^ in. br. ; pinnce %-% in. 1., about half as broad

as deep, the lower line slightly curved, oblique at the base, the upper rounded,
nearly entire or crenately lobed ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; sori marginal,
large, about as broad as deep, often confluent in the not crenated form. — D.
Boryana, Presl, HJc. Sp. I. p. 175. D. hemiptera, Bory, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 176.

Hab. Assam, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Java, Sumatra, Polynesian Islands, and Mauritius.
— Very variable in size. Quite doubtful between Odontoloma and Lindsay a, and perhaps
not distinct from L. oblongifolia.

** Fronds more or less branched. Sp. 28-30.

28. D. (Odont.) Parkeri, Hk. ; rhizome slender, creeping ; st. flexuose, wiry,
naked, 2-6 in. 1. ; fr. simple or branched, with one or two pairs of lateral pinnae ;
the main fr. 4-6 in. L, about f in. br. ; pinnl. a quarter of a circle, about f in.
br., J in. deep, the outer edge slightly crenate ; texture herbaceous, both surfaces
naked ; sori small, submarginal ; invol. rather broader than deep. — Hk. Sp. 1. p.
176. t. 53.

Hab. British Guiana. — Like 0. pulchella, but the rachis branched.

29. D. (Odont.) triquetra, Baker ; rhizome creeping, fibrillose ; st. strong, erect,
4-6 in. 1. ;fr. with 2 to 7 pairs of pinnae and a terminal one ; lateral pinnce spread-
ing with subrigid rachises, 3-4 in. 1., ^-f in. br. ; pinnl. cut down on the upper
side into narrow simple or forked linear segments to a nearly straight flattened
leafy rachis ; texture pellucido-herbaceous, both surfaces naked ; sori small,
terminal on the segments ; invol. suborbicular. — Lindsaya triquetra, Metten.
O. tenuifolia, Brack, non J. Sm.

Hab. Java, Zollinger, 3714. — Gathered in Samoa by the American Expedition under
Captain Wilkes ; and beautiful specimens have recently been forwarded from the same
group by the Rev. T. Powell.

30. D. (Odont.) Blumeana, Hk. ; rhizome creeping ; st. strong, erect, 4-6 in. 1. 5
fr. 8-12 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., bipinnate ; pinnce rigid, erecto-patent, 4-6 in. L, £ in.

94 18. DAVALLIA, §§§§ EUDAVALLIA.

br. ; pinnl. thinly herbaceous, cut down on the upper side into very slender filiform
simple or forked segments to a recurved filiform rachis ; sori small, nearly
terminal on the dilated apices of the segments ; invol. suborbicular. — Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 177. t. 54. Lindsaya tenuifolia, Blume.

Hab. Java and Philippine Islands. — A very distinct and beautiful species, easily recog-
nizable by its slender filiform segments.

§§§§ Eudavallia. Invol. coriaceous, semicylindrical or half-cupshaped, attached
at the sides as well as the base. Sp. 31-48.

t Prosaptia, Presl. Habit of Lomaria Spicant. Invol. quite homogeneous with
the texture of the frond. Sp. 31-32.

31. D. (Prosap.) Emersoni, Hk. & Gr. ; fr. tufted, sessile, 6-12 in. 1., nearly
1 in. br. at the widest part, linear-lanceolate, cut more than halfway down to the
rachis into numerous linear-oblong, or at the lower part triangular, lobes ; texture
coriaceous ; sori 1 to 6, placed round the edge of the lobes. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 161.
Hk. & Gr. Ic. Fil. t. 105.

Hab. Madras, Ceylon, Penang, Java, Borneo, and Philippine Islands.

32. D. (Prosap.) contigua, Swartz; fr. tufted, sessile or nearly so, 12-18 in. 1.,
1-1^ in. br., linear-lanceolate, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into numerous
linear-acuminate or bluntish slightly- toothed lobes ; texture coriaceous ; sori 2 to
8 to a lobe, placed in the teeth on their upper part. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 161. Hk. &
Gr. Ic. Fil. 1. 141. D. Preslii, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 161.

Hab. Ceylon, Java, and Polynesian Islands.

ft Scyphularia, Fee. Fronds once pinnate. Segments few, linear, 4-6 in. I.,
•jjr-| in. br., nearly entire. Sp. 33-34.

33. D. (Scyph.) triphylla, Hk. ; rhizome stout, creeping, densely fibrillose ; st.
erect, strong, 2-4 in. 1. ; fr. ternate, the central segment the largest, 4-6 in. 1.,
£-f in. br., linear, scarcely toothed, cuneate at the base ; texture coriaceous ; sori
placed in close rows along the margin, edge to edge ; invol. semicylindrical. —
Hk.Sp.l.p. 162. t. 46. A.

Hab. Singapore ; discovered by Mr. Cuming. — Veins more prominent than in the next,
of which it may be a reduced form.

34. D. (Scyph.) pentaphylla, Blume ; rhizome creeping, stout, densely fibrillose ;
St. erect, strong, 2-4 in. 1.; fr. with a terminal segment and 2 to 3 pairs of lateral
pinnse ; terminal segment of fertile frond linear, 4-6 in. 1., ^ in. br., of the barren
frond broader and shorter ; lateral pinnae similar, sessile or slightly stalked,
lowest pair sometimes with one or a pair of similar smaller pinnl. at the base ;
texture coriaceous ; sori in rows along the slightly-toothed margin ; invol. semi-
cylindrical. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 163. D. pycnocarpa, Brack, t. 35.

Hab. Java and Polynesian Islands.

ftt Fronds ample, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid, coriaceous in texture. Sp.
35-48. A well-marked group, all of the species of which closely resemble one another.
It has its head-quarters in Polynesia and S. E. Asia, and is entirely absent from the
New World.

35. D. Lobbiana, Moore ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid, bi- or
tripinnatifid ; main rachis slightly winged above ; lower pinnae 4-6 in. 1., 2 in.
br., lanceolate-deltoid, acuminate, cut down to the rachis in the lower part into
linear- or deltoid-oblong blunt segm., only the lowest of which are toothed deeply;

18. DAVALLIA, §§§§ EUDAVALLIA. 95

sori copious, placed obliquely in two long rows in the pinnules near the edge ;
invol. broader than deep. — Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 296.

Hab. Borneo ; discovered by Mr. Thos. Lobb. — A very distinct species, with the invo-
lucre resembling in shape that of Humatct, but not free at the sides.

36. D. micans, Metten. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely clothed with
large lanceolate-acuminate silvery-brown scales ; st. 1-2 in. 1., erect ; fr. 6-8 in.
1., 2-3 in. br., lanceolate, hi- or tripinnatifid ; lower pinnae 1-1^ in. 1., | in. br.,
lanceolate, spreading from the rachis at a right angle, cut down to the rachis at
the base into oblong-rhomboidal deeply-toothed pinnules ; texture subcoriaceous ;
sori 1 to 4 to a pinnule, large, suborbicular (^ lin. br.), placed at the base of the
teeth at some distance from the margin.

Hab. Bootan, Griffith, 2790.

37. D. Moorei, Hk. ; rhizome creeping, fibrillose ; st. erect, strong, 4-8 in. 1. ;
fr. 4-6 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., bi- or tripinnatifid ; main rachis slightly winged above ;
lowest pinnl. cut down nearly to the rachis below, the lobes oblong, bluntly
toothed ; texture coriaceous ; sori 4 to 6 to a lobe, placed in the teeth at a little
distance from the edge ; invol. half-cupshaped. — Hk. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 63.

Hab. New Caledonia, discovered by Mr. C. Moore.

38. D. decurrens, Hk. ; rhizome stout, creeping, densely fibrillose ; st. 4-6
in. 1,, stout, erect ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 9-15 in. br., deltoid, tripinnatifid ; main rachis
hardly at all winged at the apex; pinnl. of the lower pinnse lanceolate-acuminate,
3-4 in. 1., about 1 in. br., cut down throughout within a short distance of the
rachis, with broadly-toothed linear-oblong segm. ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins
uniform ; sori falling short of the margin ; invol. half-cupshaped. — Hk. Sp. Fil.
1.^.167.^.44. B.

Hab. Philippine Islands. — Resembles D. divaricata in the shape and position of the
sori, but the fron.d less divided.

39. D. solida, Swartz ; rhizome stout, densely clothed with adpressed scales or
fibres ; st. strong, erect, 4-6 in. I.;//*. 1-2 ft. 1., 12-15 in. br., deltoid, tripinnatifid ;
apex with a moderately broad undivided centre ; segm. ovate-rhomboidal, deeply
toothed, narrower and sharper in fertile frond ; veins uniform ; texture coriaceous ;
sori nearly or quite marginal ; invol. semicylindrical. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 164. t. 42.
Fil. Exot. t. 57. — ft D. caudata, Cav. ; pinnules more divided with narrower
segments. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 164. D. Lindleyi, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 163. t. 48. B.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula, Java, and Polynesian Islands. — The reported station in
New Zealand appears to be a mistake. D. stenomera, Kunze, from Java, which I have
not seen, is said to differ from D. solida by its smaller size, obtuse or rounded pinnules,
cuneate-oblong segments, and urceolate involucres. D. ornata, Wall., is a large hand-
some form, with broad slightly-cut segments.

40. D. elegans, Swartz ; rhizome stout, creeping, densely clothed with woolly
fibres ; st. firm, erect, 4-8 in. 1. ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 9-1 d in. br., deltoid, tripinnatifid ;
main rachis slightly winged towards the apex ; pinnl. of the lower pinnse 2-3 in.
1., 1 in. br., deltoid-lanceolate, cut down quite to the rachis in the lower part,
with oblong-deltoid segm., which are slightly toothed and obliquely truncate at the
base on the lower side ; texture coriaceous ; venation close, prominent, irregular ;
sori several to a segment, marginal, but the sharp teeth projecting beyond them
at the edges ; invol. half-cupshaped. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 164. — ft D. elata, Swartz ;
fr. larger and less coriaceous ; segm. narrower, more deeply and sharply cut.— •
Hk. Sp. 1. p. 166. t. 55. A. D. Vogelii, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 168. t. 59. B.

Hab. Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula, China, Java, Borneo, Polynesian Islands, Tropical

96 18. DAVALLIA, §§§§ EUDAVALLIA.

Australia, Madagascar, Angola, Fernando Po, Johanna Island. — Very near D. solida.
Both vary much in division, but they are universally regarded as distinct. The best
character for this seems to be the presence of numerous intermediate spurious venules
between the veins proper, as in various species of Trichomanes. D. coniifolia is quite
intermediate between D. elata and the type. D. patens, Swz. (Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 167), must
probably also be referred here, and D. flaccida, J. Smith, is a tender finely-cut form.

41. D. epiphylla, Blume, not Forster ; rhizome thick, fibrillose ; st. 4-6 in. 1.,
erect, firm ; fr. 12-15 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., deltoid-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; main
rachis hardly at all winged ; pinnl. of the lowest pinnse lanceolate, 1^ in. 1., \ in.
br. ; segm. narrow, mucronate, sharply toothed ; texture coriaceous ; veins not im-
mersed, one or two carried into each tooth ; sori smalt, suhmarginal, half-cup-
shaped, with the sharp mucro of the tooth extending beyond them. — D. elegans,
/3, pulchra, Hk. Sp. I. p. 165. t. 43. A. D. corniculata, Moore, Ind. Fil. 2. p. 292.

Hab. Java and Malayan Peninsula. — Still more coriaceous than D. elegans, with more
finely- divided segments, very small sori, and sharp teeth protruded considerably beyond
them.

42. D. divaricata, Blume ; rhizome creeping, stout, clothed with linear ferru-
ginous scales ; st. firm, erect, 6-12 in. 1. ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., tripinnatifid ; lower pinnae
often 12 in. 1., by 6 in. br. ; segm. deltoid, cut down to the rachis in the lower part,
with linear-oblong sharply-toothed lobes ; texture coriaceous ; veins uniform,
not conspicuous ; sori half-cupshaped, placed obliquely as regards the central
veins in the teeth at some distance from the edge. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 167- D. poly-
antha, Hk. Sp.l.p. 168. t. 59. A.

Hab. Khasya and Mishmee, N. India, Malayan Peninsula, Hongkong, and Java. —
Best distinguished from solida and elegans by the position of the sori.

43. D. Mauritiana, Hk. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely fibrillose ; st.
6-8 in. 1., stout, erect ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 12-15 in. br., deltoid, quadripinnatifid ;
main rachis very slightly winged above ; ultimate pinnl. 3-4 in. 1., 2 in. br.,
lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis in the lower part, with deeply inciso-
pinnatifid lobes ; texture coriaceous ; sori copious, marginal, placed in the teeth
of the ultimate segments ; invol. semicylindrical. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 164. t. 55. B.

Hab. Mauritius.— Sir William Hooker was latterly disposed to consider this an
extreme form of D. solida.

44. D. Griffithiana, Hk. ; rhizome stout, clothed densely with pale-brown or
whitish linear scales; 'st* erect, wiry, 4-6 in. 1.; fr. 9-12 in. 1., 4-8 in. br.,
deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; pinnl. of the lower pinnae lanceolate-deltoid,
2-3 in. 1., 1 in. or more br. ; lower segm. toothed on the barren frond, cut down
nearly to the rachis in the fertile one ; texture coriaceous ; sori very large (1 lin.
br.), cupshaped, submarginal or marginal, with the teeth projecting beyond
them.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 168. t. 49. B.

Hab. Himalayas of Khasya, Assam, Bootan, &c., Malayan Peninsula and China
(Amoy, Chusan, Formosa), — Distinguishable from all the other species of the group by
its large broadly-cupshaped sori.

45. D. pyxidata, Cav. ; rhizome stout, creeping, densely clothed with pale-
brown linear scales ; st. strong, erect, 4-6 in. 1. ; fr. 9-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br.,
deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; pinnl. of the lower pinnse lanceolate, 2-3 in. 1.,
1 in. br., with deltoid or oblong segm., the lowest of which are cut down nearly
to the rachis ; texture coriaceous ; sori deeply half-cupshaped in the teeth, with a
broad space outside them, which projects like a horn beyond them. — Hk. Sp.
Fil. I. p. 170.?. 55. C.

Hab. New South Wales. — Very near D. canariensis in habit and texture, but some-
what more finely cut and veined.

18. DAVALLIA, §§§§§ MICROLEPIA. 97

46. D. Canariensis, Smith ; rhizome stout, creeping, densely clothed with pale-
brown linear scales ; st. strong, erect, 4-6 in. 1. ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 9-12 in. br.,
deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; pinnl. of the lower pinnse lanceolate-deltoid, 2-3 in. h,
more than 1 in. br., with ovate - rhomboidal deeply inciso-pinnatifid segm. ^
texture coriaceous ; sori occupying a whole ultimate division or with a horn
beyond them ; invol. half-cupshaped. — Hk. Sp. I. p. 169. t. 56. A.

Hab. Spain, Portugal, N. Africa, the Canaries, and Madeira.

47. D. bullata, Wallich ; rhizome creeping, stout, densely clothed with light-
brown or whitish fibrillose scales ; st. strong, erect, 3-4 in. 1. ; fr. 8-12 in. 1.,
4-8 in. br., deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; pinnl. of the lower pinnse lanceolate, 2-3
in. 1., 1 in. br., with deeply inciso-pinnatifid. oblong-rhomboidal segm.; texture
coriaceous ; sori deeply half-cupshaped, occupying the greater part of the tooth in
which they are placed, marginal, with usually a horn on the outside. — Hk. Sp.
Fil. 1. p. 169.*. 50. B.

Hab. Hindostan, ascending in the north to 3-4,000 ft., Japan, Java, and Malayan
Peninsula. — Very near D, Canariensis and pyxidata, but smaller, and somewhat thinner
in texture, and the scales of the rhizome different.

48. D. nitidula, Kunze ; rhizome stout, creeping, fibrillose ; st. 6-8 in. 1., firm,
but rather slender; fr. 12-24 in. 1., 9-15 in. br., deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; pinnl.
of the lower pinnse deltoid, cut down to the rachis into rather distant deltoid
segm., the lobes of which are again deeply pinnatifid ; texture between herbaceous
and coriaceous ; sori half-cupshaped, two-horned, occupying the whole of the
end of the ultimate teeth. — Hk. Sp. Fil. I. p. 165. t. 44. A.

Hab. Natal, Dr. Pappe ; and fine specimens have recently been gathered by Dr. Wel-
witsch in Angola at 1-2,000 ft. Frond rather flaccid, rachises slender and flexuose.

49. D. Fijiensis, Hk. ; rhizome creeping, stout, densely fibrillose ; st. 6-9 in. 1.,
erect, strong ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-12 in. br., deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; pinnl. of the
lower pinnae deltoid-lanceolate, the lobes of the segment cut down nearly to the
rachis into narrow linear divisions, £-£ in. 1. ; texture coriaceous ; sot~i half-
cylindrical, terminal on the dilated apices of the segments, sometimes with a
slight wing, but no horn. — Hk. Sp. I. p. 166. t. 55. D.

Hab. Fiji Islands, plentiful. — The most finely-divided species of the series.

§§§§§ Microlepia. Invol. membranaceous, shallowly half-cupshaped, attached at
the sides as well as the base. Sp. 50-65. Fronds very various in size, texture, and
cutting. This sub-genus has its head-quarters in S. E. Asia and Polynesia. Four
species are American and one African. Differing also from Humata, Eudavallia,
and Leucostegia, in having the stems, except in D. ciliata, continuous with the
caudex, and consequently falling under a different primary division (Desmobrya} of
J. Smith's classification.

50. D. (Micro.) Hookeriana, Wallich ; rhizome creeping, both it and the lower
part of stem pubescent-fibrillose ; st. stout, erect, 4-6 in. 1. ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-8
in. br., simply pinnate ; largest pinnae 4 in. 1., f in. br., linear-adimiriato,
truncate and auricled at the base above, slightly undulated below, and tootheu
towards the point ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and veins beneath villose ; sori
in continuous rows along the edges ; invol. small, about as broad as deep. — Hk.
Sp. I. p. 172. t. 47. B.

Hab. Sylhet, Kamoun, and Assam, Hongkong.

51. D. (Micro.) Saccoloma, Spreng. ; rhizome wide-creeping, often climbing ;
fr. 4-6 ft. 1., simply pinnate ; lower pinnae 1 ft. 1., rather over 1 in. br., linear-
acuminate, sharply but not deeply toothed towards the point, undulated

98 18. DAVALLIA, §§§§§ MICROLEPIA.

below ; texture subcoriaceous, but thin ; sori in long continuous rows along the
edges; invol. thin, twice as broad as deep. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 171. Saccoloma
elegans, Kaulf., J. Smith.

Hab. Tropical America, from Guatemala and W. Indies southward to Rio Janeiro.

52. D. (Micro.) pinnata, Cav. ; rhizome creeping, fibrillose ; st. strong, erect,
6-12 in. 1. ; fr. 9-15 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., with distant linear slightly toothed pinnae
6 in. 1., |-f in. br. ; texture coriaceous ; sori one to each tooth, small, sub-
marginal. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 173. t. 60. /. 1. and 4. D. serrata, Blume. — ]3, D. gracilis,
Blume ; lower pinnae cut down nearly to the rachis into narrow, linear, oblong
lobes.— D. Luzonica, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 174. t. 60. /. 2. 3. and 5.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula, Java, and Polynesian Islands. — This and the two preceding
are very distinct species, easily distinguishable from the rest by their simply pinnate
habit and long narrow pinnae.

53. D. (Micro.) Wilfordii, Baker ; rhizome creeping ; st. 4-6 in. 1., slender,
naked, flexuose ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; lower pinnae
deltoid, stalked, about 1 in. 1., f in. br., cut down to the rachis below with broadly
ovate-rhomboidal sharply toothed pinnules ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both
surfaces naked ; sori 2 to 6 to a pinnule, apical in the teeth.. — D. rhomboidea,
Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 48. not Wallich. Microlepia Wilfordii, Moore.

Hab. Japan ; gathered both by Messrs. Wilford and Oldham. — This and the next, it
will be seen, are very diminutive compared with all the species that follow.

54. D. (Micro.) pilosetta, Hk. ; rhizome creeping, slender, pubescent j st.
slender, erect, 3-4 in. 1., pubescent ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 2 in. br., lanceolate, tripin-
natifid ; lower pinnae deltoid-lanceolate, about 1 in. 1., cut down to a broadly-
winged rachis with oblong, rather sharply toothed, lobes ; texture herbaceous ;
rachises and both surfaces softly hairy ; sori 2 to 6 to a pinnule, marginal in the
teeth.— Hk. 2nd Gent. t. 96.

Hab. Japan and Tsus Sima ; gathered by Messrs. Wilford and Oldham.

55. D. (Micro.) ciliata, Hk. ; rhizome creeping, covered with soft brown
hairs ; st. 3-4 in. 1., firm, erect, pubescent ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pinnae spreading, lanceolate, the central ones the
largest, 3-5 in. 1., If in. br., cut down to a broadly- winged rachis, with oblong
pinnl. cut about halfway down with falcate, mucronate teeth ; texture thinly
herbaceous, flaccid ; rachises and under surface softly hairy ; sori 2 to 12 to a
pinnule, very small, placed near the centre of the teeth near the base. — Hk. Sp.
Fil. 1. p. 184. t. 60. A. Leucostegia hirsuta, J. Smith.

Hab. Philippine Islands.

56. D. (Micro.) vittosa, Wallich ; rhizome strong, creeping, villose ; st. 1-2 ft. 1.,
erect, strong ; fr. 18-24 in. 1., 9-15 in. br., once pinnate ; pinnae 4-8 in. 1., about
1 in. br., linear, cut down about halfway to the rachis, or less, into bluntish
oblong lobes, the base above parallel with the stem, that of the lower side
obliquely truncate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises densely villose and under
surface also hairy ; sori 2 to 8 to a lobe, submarginal. — Hk. Sp. 1 . p. 172. t. 48. A.
D. calvescens, Wallich. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 172. t. 48. B.

Hab. Ceylon, and flank of the Himalayas, Japan, China.

57. D. (Micro.) strigosa, Swartz ; rhizome stout, creeping, pubescent ; st. erect,
strong, 6-12 in. 1., both it and the rachis pubescent throughout ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1.,
6-12 in. br., lanceolate, bipinnatifid ; lower pinnae 4-8 in. 1., f-1 in. br., linear-
lanceolate, much acuminate, cut down to the rachis with unequal-sided, broadly

18. DAVALLIA, §§§§§ MICROLEPIA. 99

and rather bluntly toothed, oblong, rhomboidal pinnl. ; texture subcoriaceous ;
veins beneath prominently raised and, like the rachises, more or less hairy ; sori
2 to 12 to a pinnule, small, placed at the base of the sinuses. — D. Khasiyana,
Hk. Sp. I. p. 173. t. 47. A. and 57. A. — /3 D. rhomboidea, Wall. ; similar to a
in texture and hairiness, but rather larger in all its parts, lower pinnl. lanceolate"
deltoid, 1| in. 1., cut down nearly to the rachis into oblong lobes.— D. poly-
podioides y and d, Hk. Sp. Fil. 1 . p. 182.

Hab. North of India, ascending in the Himalayas to 3-5,000 ft., Ceylon, Japan,
Malayan Peninsula and Isles, S. E. China, Sandwich and Fiji Islands. — This is very
similar to the last in habit, but is at least bipinnatifid.

58. D. (Micro.) platyphylla, Don. ; rhizome creeping, stout, scaly ; st. 2-3 ft. 1.,
firm, erect; Jr. 3-4 ft. L, tripinnatifid ; lower pinnae 12-15 in. 1., 6-9 in. br,,
lanceolate, with distant linear lanceolate pintiL, which are cut nearly to the
rachis below into broad bluntish, toothed, oblong-deltoid lobes ; texture sub-
coriaceous, both surfaces naked ; sori 2 to 12 to a segment, placed one in each
tooth a short distance from the edge, about a line across. — D. lonchitidea, Wall.
Hk. Sp. 1. p. 173. t. 46. B. Exot. F. t. 19.

Hab. Throughout Hindostan from Ceylon to the Himalayas.

59. D. (Micro.) urophylla, Hk. ; st. strong, erect, 2-3 ft. 1. ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1.,
tripinnatifid ; lower pinnae 9-12 in. 1., 6-8 in. br«, lanceolate with distant lan-
ceolate lower pinnl, which are cut down to the rachis below into ovate-deltoid,
acuminate, unequal-sided, broadly-toothed lobes ; texture coriaceous, both surfaces
naked ; sori submarginal, one to each of the lower sinuses of the lobes.— HL Fil.
Exot. t. 19. note.

Hab. Bootan, Griffith.

60. D. (Micro.) Thwaitesii, Baker ; rhizome creeping, tomentose ; st. 6-12 in. L,
erect, naked ;fr.2-3 ft.l., lanceolate-deltoid, tripinnatifid ; Iower/>wwce9-12 in. L,
3-4 in. br., lanceolate ; pinnl. lanceolate-acuminate, cut down nearly or quite to
the rachis into blunt slightly crenated oblong lobes ; rachis and both surfaces
slightly hairy, the upper bright-green, shining ; texture subcoriaceous ; sori
small, submarginal, 2 to 12 to a segment. — D. proxima, Thwaites Enum. PI.
ZeyL p. 238. non Blume.

Hab. Ceylon. — This comes nearest to urophylla, but the segments are shorter and
blunter and the sori are smaller. An authenticated specimen of Blume's plant is
probably D. hirta.

61. D. (Micro.) inaequalis, Kunze ; rhizome creeping ; st. stout, 2-3 ft. 1. ; fr.
2-3 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ; ovate-lanceolate, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnae 9-12
in. L, 4-8 in. br., with lanceolate pinnl. 3-5 in. L, 1-2 in. br. ; lower segm. cut
down nearly to the rachis with oblong toothed lower lobes ; texture herbaceous,
both surfaces naked ; sori 2 to 12 to a segment, small, placed in the teeth at a
short distance from the margin. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 180. excl. var. y. t. 57. B.

Hab. Tropical America from Jamaica and Guadeloupe, southward to Peru and Rio
Janeiro, Aneiteum, and Philippine Islands. — The var. nigrescens, Kunze, is a large form
which turns nearly black when dried. A plant from Burchell, No. 3549, marked by
Professor Mettenius Saccoloma Brasiliensis, Mett. (Davallia, Hook.), has the lower
pinnules only cut down to the rachis at the very base.

62. D. (Micro.) campyleura, Kunze ; st. strong, erect, about 1 foot high ; fr.
2-3 ft. L, 9-18 in. br., deltoid, quadripinnatifid; lower pinnce lanceolate, 9-12
in. L, 4-6 in. br., the segm. of the pinnules cut down to the rachis into broadly-
toothed, oblong lobes in the lower part ; texture subcoriaceous, both surfaces
naked ; sori 1 to 6 in a lobe, placed in the teeth, small,j submarginal. — D.
ineequalis, y minor, Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 180. t. 58. A.

100 18. DAVALLIA, §§§§§§ LOXOSCAPHE.

Hab. Polynesian Islands. — M. papillosa of Brackenridge seems to belong here.
D. Amboynensis, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 178. t. 56. C., is apparently a reduced form of this, with
only the lowest pinnules cut down to the rachis.

63. D. (Micro.) Denhami, Hk. ; rhizome creeping ; st. 4-8 in. 1., slender,
erect ; fr. 12-24 in. 1., 6-12 in. br., ovate, quadripirmatind ; pinnl. of the lower
pinnae lanceolate, 1^-3 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down to the rachis into oblong
toothed segm., the lower ones \ in. 1., \ in. br. ; texture herbaceous, both surfaces
naked ; sori numerous, very small, terminal in the teeth ; invol. half-cupshaped.
- Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 47. Brack, p. 236.

Hab. Fiji and Samoa. — Near D. campyleura, but much more finely cut and thinner
in texture.

64. D. (Micro.) hirta, Kaulf. ; st. strong, 12-24 in. 1. ; fr. 3-6 ft. 1., 12-24 in.
br., deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnae 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into oblong broadly-toothed
lobes ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and especially the under surface pubescent ;
veins beneath prominently raised ; sori 2 to 20 to a segment, placed one or more
together at the base of the teeth. — Hk. /Sp. 1. p, 181. f). proxima, Blume ?

Hab. North of India, Ceylon, Malayan and Polynesian Islands. — This has the stature
and habit of D. Speluncce combined with the coriaceous texture and prominent venation
of D. strigosa.

65. D. (Micro.) Speluncce, Baker; st. strong, 12-18 in. 1. ; fr. 3-6 ft. 1., 12-24
in. br., deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnae 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into oblong
deeply-toothed lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and under surface hairy ; veins
beneath neither prominent nor rigid ; sori 2 to 20 to a segment, placed one or
more together at the base of the lobes.— Polyp., L. D. polypodioides, a and /3,
Hk. Sp. 1. p. 181. D. Jamaicensis, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 183. D. trichosticha, Hk.
Sp. I. p. 183. D. Madagascariensis, Kunze.

Hab. Hindostan, ascending in the Himalayas to 1-7,000 ft., S. E. China, Ceylon, and
Polynesian Islands, southward to Norfolk Island, and Queensland, Madagascar, Bourbon,
West Tropical Africa, andMacalisberg mountains, west of Natal. West Indian Islands,
southward to Brazil. — This is much more tender in texture than D. strigosa and hirta,
so much so, that the pin nee are liable to shrivel up when the plant is gathered in a hot
country. It resembles Dicksonia rubiginosa considerably in general appearance, and has
a wide geographical range.

§§§§§§ Loxoscaphe, Moore. Invol. forming a compressed suborbicular or cup-
shaped pouch at the side of the segments, which is open only at the top. All
decompound with linear ultimate segments. Sp. 66-69. A very natural group,
allied in habit to Darea, but quite different in the fructification.

. D. (Lox.) concinna, Schrad. ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., erect, naked ; fr. 6-9
i., 2-3 in. br., oblong-acuminate, bipinnate ; lower pinnce erecto-patent,-

66.
in. i.

1^-2 in. L, ^ in. br., with simple or forked branches equalling the rachis in
breadth, 2-3 lin. L, \ lin. br. ; texture stoutly herbaceous, surfaces naked ; sori
half-cupshaped, 1 lin. br., sunk in the dilated apices of the segments. — Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 193. D. Schimperi, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 193. t. 50. B, D. thecifera, H. B. K. Hk.
Sp. Fil. 1. p. 189. D. Lindeni, Hk. Sp. I. p. 193. t. 56. B.

Hab. Andes of Colombia and Ecuador, Brazil, Cape Colony, Natal, Bourbon,
Abyssinia, Angola, and Fernando Po.

67- D. (Lox.) gibberosa, Swartz ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., erect, naked ; fr.
12-18 in. L, 6-9 in. br., .lanceolate-deltoid, quadripinnatifid; pinnl. of lower
pinnce lanceolate-deltoid, 2-3 in. 1., 1 in. br. ; segm. cut down to the rachis with

18. DAVALLIA, §§§§§§§ STENOLOMA. 101

linear or forked ultimate divisions, 1-2 lin. 1., equalling the rachis in breadth ;
texture stoutly herbaceous, surfaces naked ; sori terminal in the ultimate
divisions or with a horn beyond ; invol. half-cupshaped, \ lin. across. — Hk. Sp.
1. p. 192.

Hab. Polynesian Islands.— Like D. concinna in habit, several times multiplied.

G8. D. (Lox.) nigrescens, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., stout, erect, paleaceous below ; fr.
12-24 in. 1., 9-15 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnae 4-8
in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., lanceolate, acuminate ; pinnl. deltoid, unequal-sided, cut down
to the rachis throughout ; segm., especially on the upper side, deeply inciso-
piunatifid, ultimate divisions linear, about | in. 1., \ lin. br. j; t^x^re herbaceous ';'
sori 2 to 6 to a pinnule, lateral on the upper side of the ^divisions *, irtvol. half-
cupshaped. — Hk. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 93. " /„ j J,l" •' > I '» ^ >

Hab. Fernando Po, at an elevation of 3,000 ft., G. Mann.— fte&restZ/.'gibberbsa, but
the pinnules shorter and more divided, with flatter segments and pubescent rachises.

69. D. (Lox.) fceniculacea, Hk ; st. erect, firm, 6-8 in. 1. ; fr. 9-18 in. 1., 6-12
in. br., lanceolate- deltoid, quadripinnate ; lower pinnl. lanceolate-acuminate,
2-3 in. 1., 1 in. br. ; segm. cut down to the rachis into simple or forked linear
filiform ultimate divisions, 1-2 lin. 1., equalling the rachis in breadth ; texture
herbaceous ; sori 2-6 to a segment, lateral, deeply half-cupshaped, under \ lin. br.
— Hk. 2nd Gent. Ferns, t. 54.

Hab. Fiji group ; gathered by Mr. Milne. — A very distinct and finely-cut species.
Habit of D. trichomanoides, but sori quite different.

§§§§§§§ Stenoloma, Fee. Invol. as in Loxoscaphe, but terminal on the seg-
ments. Sp. 70-79. Fronds very various in size, but the ultimate segments always
cuneate, growing gradually wider from the base to the apex. Scattered throughout
the tropics. Odontosoria, J. Smith. This goes with Microlepia into J. /Smith's
Desmobrj/a.

* Fronds 6-18 in. I., not climbing.

70. D. (Steno.) Goudotiana, Kunze ; rhizome creeping, slender, fibrillose ; st.
not more than 1 in. 1. ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., J-^ in. br., linear-oblong ; main rachis not
branched ; largest pinnce deltoid, ^ in. 1., more than j in. br., cut down to a
slender subfiliforin rachis into simple or forked linear-cuneate thinly herbaceous
segments ; sori terminal, suborbicular, 1 to each segment. — Hk. Sp. I. p. 189. t.
50. C., 2 Cent. t. 23.

Hab. Madagascar.

71. D. (Steno.) biftda, Kaulf. ; rhizome short ; st. 4-8 in. 1., wiry, naked,
flexuose ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., ovate-deltoid, quadripinnatifid; pinnce flaccid,
2-4 in. 1., lanceolate-deltoid, the lower pinnl. cut down to a filiform rachis, with
deeply-cut pinnatifid or flabellate segm., ultimate divisions linear-cuneate, thinly
herbaceous, 1^-2^ lin. 1., less than % lin. br. at the point ; sori small, terminal,
suborbicular.— ilk. Sp. 1. p. 188. Hk. $ Gr. Ic. t. 238.

Hab. Minas Geraes and Organ Mountains, Brazil.

72. D. (Steno.) scoparia, Hk. MSS.; rhizome strong, creeping ; st. strong, erect,
6-12 in. 1. ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; pinnce
lanceolate, erecto-patent ; pinnl. again pinnatifid with forked or pinnatifid lower
segm., ultimate divisions subcoriaceous, linear-cuneate, J in. 1., \ lin. br. at the
point ; sori small, suborbicular, often not occupying the whole apex of the
segment. — Lindsay a, Mett. Fil. N. Caled. p. 64.

102 18. DAVALLIA, §§§§§§§ STENOLOMA.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, No. 1550. — Very near D. clavala, but the pinnae and
segments are rather stouter and more rigid in texture.

73. D. (Steno.) clavata, Swartz ; rhizome stout, creeping, densely villose ; st.
strong, erect, 6-9 in. 1. ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, tri- or quadri-
pinnatifid ; pinnce distant, with distant pinnl., the latter cut down to a filiform
rachis ; segm. again pinnatifid, ultimate divisions herbaceous in texture, linear-
cuneate, j-f in. 1., ^ lin. br. at the top ; sori terminal, suborbicular or reniform,
sometimes confluent.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 187.

Hab. 0We sjfc .Indian ^Islands.

tfo ,„__

pinnl. lanceolate, their segments cut down to the rachis below with toothed
cuneate lobes, 1-1^ lin. across at the apex ; texture subcoriaceous, both surfaces
naked, the upper shining ; sori terminal, usually solitary, often rather broader
than deep. — Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. p. 186.— /3, D. Chinensis, Smith ; fr. smaller ; segm.
broader ; sori 1 to 4 in a lobe.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 187.

Hab. Common in tropical Asia and Polynesia, ascending northward to Japan, and
5,000 ft. in the Himalayas, Madagascar, Bourbon, and Mauritius.

** Fronds several feet long, usually climbing.

75. D. (Steno.) tmcinella, Kunze ; st. 6-8 ft. 1., wide-climbing, flexuose, prickly;
fr. tripinnate; lower pinnce 1-2 ft. 1., with a long unbranched terminal segment
and a few lateral ones, the lowest of which are also long and flexuose ;

^ in. br. and deep, obliquely truncate below, blunt at the point, broadly and
bluntly lobed above ; veins not prominent ; texture thick, subcoriaceous; sori
small, cupshaped, marginal. — Kunze in Schk. Suppl. 2. p. 96. 1. 140.

Hab. Cuba and Porto Rico.

76. D. (Steno.) aculeata, Swartz ; rhizome creeping, stout, fibrillose ; st.
(including rachis) 4-6 ft. 1., strong, scandent, spinoso-flexuose ; fr. tripinnatifid ;
lower pinnce 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., ovate-lanceolate ; pinnl. lanceolate, 2-3 in.
1,, 1 in. br. ; segm. % in. br., cuneate, deeply 2 to 4 lobed, lobes with 2 or 4 veins;
texture herbaceous ; veins prominent beneath, once or twice flabellately forked ;
sori small, cupshaped, terminal. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 191. t. 54. B.

Hab. West Indian Islands, common.

77. D. (Steno.) Melleri, Hk. MSS. ; st. wide-creeping, scandent, not prickly ;
fr. quadripinnatifid ; pinnl. of lower pinnse 2-3 in. 1., 1J in. br., ovate ; segm.

1 in. 1., | in. br., cut down to the rachis below, lobes £-f in. br., cuneate at the
base, both deeply toothed and shallowly crenate ; texture herbaceous ; veins not
prominent ; sori small, marginal, shallow, usually cupshaped, sometimes but not
always as broad as the lobe in which they are placed, sometimes two confluent.

Hab. Madagascar ; gathered by Meller and Lyall. — Intermediate between D. aculeata
and Lindsaya relusa, and according to our definitions, with as good a right to be placed
in one genus as the other.

78. D. (Steno.) fumarioides, Swartz ; habit of D. aculeata and the stem and
rachises similarly prickly, but segm. smaller and more deeply cut, the lobes but
slightly broader at the apex than the base, usually only one-veined ; sori cup-
shaped, as broad as the segment. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 191.

Hab. West Indian Islands.

19. CYSTOPTERIS. 103

79. D. (Steno.) Schlechtendahlii, Presl ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1-2 ft. br. ; main rachis
strong, straight, naked ; lower pinnae 9-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
spreading or deflexed, with a zigzag rachis ; pinnl. 2-3 in. 1., about 1 in. br.,
cut down to a narrowly-winged strong rachis ; segm. cut down to a centre which
equals in breadth the narrow linear forked or flabellate ultimate divisions ;
texture herbaceous ; sori small, terminal, suborbicular. — Hk. /Sp. I. p. 189. t. 54. C.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala, ascending to 3,500 feet.

GEN. 19. CYSTOPTERIS, Bernh.

Sori globose, placed on the back of the veins. Invol. membranaceous, subor-
bicular, inserted by its broad base under the sorus, which at the beginning it
covers like a hood. — Fronds small, two or three times divided, thin in texture, veins
free. Allied to Woodsia and Microlepia, and exceptional amongst the ferns in its
geography, having its head-quarters in the Temperate Zones of both hemispheres.
TAB. II. f. 19.

1. C. fragilis, Bernh. ; st. 2-4 in. 1. ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., ovate-lan-
ceolate, tripinnatifid ; main rachis slightly winged above ; largest pinnae 1-1^ in.
]., -|-^ in. br., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinnl. oblong- rhomboidal, cut down to a broad
central space into bluntly- or sharply-toothed lobes ; texture herbaceous ; sori
2 to 12 to a pinnule. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 197. Brit. Ferns, t. 23.

Hab. Europe and Asia, everywhere from Iceland to Kamschatka, from the Arctic
regions to Madeira, and the Himalayas, where it ascends to 15,000 ft. ; mountains of
Abyssinia and Fernando Po ; South Africa ; Van Diemen's Land, New Zealand,
Sandwich Islands ; Temperate N. and S. America, and mountains in the intermediate
Tropical Zone. C. Tasmanica, Sandwicensis, and Douglasii, do not appear to be safely
separable.

2. C. alpina, Desv. ; st. 2-4 in. 1. ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., oblong-lanceolate,
tripinnatifid ; main rachis more or less winged above ; largest pinnae deltoid,
lanceolate, 1-1 \ in. 1., \-\ in. br. ; pinnl. ovate-rhomboidal, cut down to the
rachis below into slightly toothed segm.; texture herbaceous ; sori small, 2 to 12
to a pinnule. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 199. Brit. Ferns, t. 24. Aspid. Taygetense, Bory
and Chaub.

Hab. Mountains of Europe from Sweden to Greece and Spain, and Asia Minor. — In
England naturalized on a wall at Low Leyton, Essex. A more tender and usually more
finely-divided plant than the last, but often difficult to distinguish.

3. C. bulbifera, Bernh. ; st. 4-6 in. 1. ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. at the widest
part, ovate-lanceolate, often much elongated upwards, bi- or tripinnatifid ; lower
pinnl. lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 in. 1., 1 in. br. ; segm. linear-oblong, cut
down to the rachis below, very slightly toothed ; sori 2 to 12 to a pinnule,
usually in two rows, one in each segment. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 199. C. atomaria,
Presl.

Hab. N. America from Canada southward to Virginia and N. Carolina. — A very
distinct plant, which takes its name from the large fleshy bulblets which are formed in
the axils of the upper pinnse. These often fall to the ground and become new plants,
which, Prof. Eaton says, are about two years in coming to maturity.

4. C. sudetica, A. Br. & Milde ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. slender, 6-9 in. 1. ;
fr. 6-8 in. each way, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lowest pinnl. deltoid-
lanceolate, 1-1| in. 1., less than ^ in. br. ; lower segm. % in. 1., 2 lin. br., ovate-
rhomboidal, deeply toothed ; texture herbaceous ; sori much larger than in
C. montana, only 2 to 6 to the lower segments. — Nov. Act. vol. 26. P. 2. p. 554.
t. 44.

104 20. LINDSAYA, § EULINDSAYA.

Hab. Silesia, Sudetes of Moravia, and the Carpathians. — This species combines the
habit of C. montana with the texture of C. fragilis.

5. C. montana, Link ; rhisome wide-creeping ; st. slender, erect, 6-9 in. 1. ; fr.
about 6 in. each way, deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lowest pinnl. deltoid-lanceolate,
1-1J in. 1., -|-f in. br. ; segm. cut down to the rachis below, the lobes oblong,
2 lin. 1., 1 lin. br., deeply and sharply toothed ; texture thinly herbaceous ; sori
small, 18 to 24 to the lower segments.— Hk. Sp.l.p. 200. Brit. Ferns, t. 25.

Hab. Mountains of Scandinavia, Scotland (very rare), and Central Europe ; Kam-
schatka, east side of the Rocky Mountains, N. America.

TRIBE 5. LINDSAYE.E.

{Sori placed in a line at or very near the edge of the frond, covered with an
involucre, the inner valve of which is membranaceous, the outer (obsolete in Dicty-
oxiphium)/0rwed of the margin of the frond. GEN. 20-20*.

GEN. 20. LINDSAYA, Dryand.

Sori marginal or submarginal, placed at the apex of and uniting two or more
veins. Invol. double, opening outwardly, the inner valve membranaceous, the
outer formed of the more or less changed (scarcely changed in Diellia and some
other species) margin of the frond. A moderately extensive genus, only a few
species of which pass outside the tropics, most, but not all, the species of which have
one-sided pellucido- herbaceous or coriaceous pinnce, approximating in shape to a
quarter of a circle. TAB. II. f. 20.

§ Eulindsaya. Pinnce unilateral, veins free. Sp. 1-25. A well-marked section,
which has its head-quarters in Tropical America, Asia, and Polynesia, but reaches
the Mauritius, Japan, and Australia, with the habit o/"Adiantum, with fronds often
pellucid.

•f Main rachis unbranched. Sp. 1-12.

1. L. linearis, Swartz ; rhizome wiry, creeping ; st. wiry, flexuose, black,
shining, 4-8 in. 1. ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., ^ in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce 3 lin. ].,
2 lin. deep, the upper edge very slightly toothed, the lower ones with often a
considerable space between them ; texture thickly pellucido-herbaceous ; sori in
a continuous line along the upper edge. — Hk. /Sp. 1. p. 206.

Hab. Australia, Van Diemen's Land, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. —
Pinnules often distinctly flabellate in shape, readily curling up when dry. It has much
the smallest pinnae of the unbranched group.

2. L. falciformis, Hk. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. very short, close together ;
fr. 3-4 in. 1., ^-| in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce 4 lin. 1., •£• in. deep, distinctly
falcate towards the outside, both margins entire, close together, but not imbri-
cated ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; the costal vein parallel with the lower edge
at a short distance from it ; sori in a continuous marginal line. — Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 208. t. 64. B.

Hab. British Guiana ; gathered by Sir R. Schomburgk. — A very doubtful plant,
perhaps young, unbranched L. trapeziformis.

3. L. adiantoides, J. Sm. ; st. nearly tufted, black, polished, wiry, 1-2 in. 1. ;
fr. 4-6 in. L, about 1 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce ^ in. 1., ^ in. deep, the upper
imbricated, the lower edge straight or slightly curved, the upper rounded and
broadly lobed about one-third of the way down ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ;
sori marginal in the lobes. — Hk. Sp. \.p. 204. t. 61. C.

20. LINDSAY A, § EULINDSAYA. 105

Hab. S. Camarines, Malay Archipelago ; gathered by Cuming. — Much resembling
small unbranched forms of L. nitens, but recognizable by its simple venation.

4. L. ovata, J. Sm. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 2-3 in. 1., wiry, flexuose,
black ; Jr. 4-6 in. 1., f in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce 4 lin. 1., 2 lin. deep,^n6T
imbricated, the lower ones with their own breadth between them, horizontally
oblong, the point very blunt, the lower side obliquely truncate at the base, the
upper slightly auricled ; texture subcoriaceous ; sori in a continuous marginal
line.— Hk. Sp. 1. -p. 205. t. 64. A.

Hab. Same station as L. adiantoides ; gathered also by Cuming.

5. L. concinna, J. Sm. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 2-4 in, 1., wiry, erect ; fr.
€-12 in, 1., | in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce 4 lin. 1., 2 lin. deep, very blunt on
the outer edge, the upper edge very slightly crenate, the upper ones close together,
but scarcely imbricated ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; sori in a continuous or
slightly interrupted line along the upper edge. — Hk. Sp. 1. p, 205. t. 61. B.

Hab. Philippine Islands and Borneo.

6. L. Seemanni, J. Sm. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. wiry, flexuose, 3-6 in. 1. ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., about 1 in. br., simply pinnate ; largest pinnae ^-| in. 1., ^ in.
deep, the same shape as those of L. cultrata, but the teeth, especially the lower
one, deeper and the texture thinner. — J. Smith in Bot. Herald, p. 239.

Hab. Bay of Choco, Panama, discovered by Dr. Seemann. — Perhaps an American
form of L. cultrata.

7- L- cultrata, Swartz ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. wiry, flexuose, 3-6 in. 1. ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., about 1 in. br., simply pinnate ; largest pinnce ^-f in. 1., ^ in.
deep, not imbricated, the lower margin straight or slightly curved, usually
upwards, the upper edge slightly lobed, so that the continuity of the line of the
fructification is broken, sometimes nearly entire, lower pinnae stalked ; texture
coriaceo-membranaceous. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 203. Hk. Sf Gr. Ic. t. 144. Hk. Fil.
Exot. t. 67. L. Lobbiana, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 205. t. 62. C. L. gracilis, Blume, Hk.
E. C. — j3, japonica ; fr. 2-3 in. 1. ; pinnce nearly triangular, with the point at
the base, upper edge nearly entire.

Hab. North of India, ascending in the Himalayas to 4,000 ft. ; Neilgherries,
Malayan Peninsula and Islands, Bourbon ; and gathered lately by Mr. Hill in Queens-
land, by Dr. Meller in Madagascar. /3 is a remarkable variety discovered by Mr. Oldham
in Japan.

8. L. botrychioides, St. Hil. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., wiry, erect, polished, dark chesnut-
brown ; fr. 9-12 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce ^ in. each way, with
only the inner third of the lower half cut away, the lower line more or less
decurved, the upper line broadly rounded, scarcely lobed, and the outer margin
broad and blunt ; texture herbaceous ; rachis naked, polished ; sori in a continuous
line round the upper and outer edge and the inner half of the lower one, the
outer valve projecting beyond the inner.

Hab. Brazil. Burchell, 4402. — Probably this is only an unbranched form of L.
flabellulata, which, however, is not known to occur in the New World. Our description
is taken entirely from Burchell's specimens named by Metteniua.

9. L. dubia, Spreng. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. close together, wiry, 3-6 in.
1. ; Jr. 4-8 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce f-1 in. J., not more than 1 in.
br., the upper edge crenated towards the gradually narrowing point, even the upper
ones with usually £-| in. between them, often not truly dimidiate, but with the
costa becoming central towards the point ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; line &
the sori not interrupted till it reaches the cremations of the outer third of the
upper margin.— //£. bp. I. p. 209. t. 64. C.

106 20. LINDSAYA, § EULINDSAYA.

Hab. Venezuela, Guiana, and valley of Amazon. — A very distinct species and
interesting as showing a transition from Eulindsaya to Jsoloma.

10. L. pectinata, Blume ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, scandent, paleaceous ;
st. erect, very short ; Jr. 12-18 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce\-^\u. 1.,
^ in. deep, the lower line nearly straight, the upper margin round, slightly
crenate, the point not very blunt, close together, but not imbricated ; texture
pellucido-herbaceous ; sori in an interrupted line along the upper edge. — HTc. Sp.
1. p. 287. L. oblongifolia, Reinw. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 206. t. 61. D.

Hab. Assam and Malayan Peninsula and Islands. — Habit of Odontoloma repens,
which see. L. Calomelanos, Kunze, from Java, is said to be closely allied.

11. L. scandens, Hk. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, scandent, paleaceous ; fr.
9-12 in. 1., l£-lf in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnae f in. 1., \ in. br., the lower line
slightly decurved, the upper rounded, entire, the point broadly rounded, placed
in a long row close together, but not imbricated ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ;
costa marginal ; sori in a continuous marginal line. — -Hk. Sp. I. p. 205. t. 63. B.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Philippine Islands ; gathered by Sir W. Norris, Lady
Dalhousie, and Mr. Cuming.— Said to be sometimes bipinnate, but very doubtfully
distinct from L. pectinata. The two may readily be known from the rest of the group
by the stout scandent rhizome.

12. L. Lapeyrousii, Baker ; st. tufted, very short ; fr. 9-15 in. 1., about 1| in.
br. at the widest part, not branched ; pinnce very numerous, about £ in. L, with
4-8 spathulate-cuneate secund segments cut down to a narrow rachis; texture
herbaceous, both surfaces naked ; sori subterminal on the segments ; invol.
shallow, nearly as broad as the segments, which measure a line or more across at
the apex.— Davallia, Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 56.

Hab. Vanekolla and Fiji ; gathered by Messrs. C. Moore and Milne. — Readily distin-
guishable from all the preceding by the pinnae being cut down to the rachis into narrow
linear-cuneate segments.

ft Main rachis more or less branched when the plant attains its full development.
Sp. 13-25.

13. L. filiformis, Hk. ; st. slender, wiry, very flexuose, brownish-black,
polished, 2-4 in. 1. ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., with a long simply pinnate apex, and below
several pairs of short, spreading, flexuose branches ; pinnl. 2 lin. br., 1 lin. deep,
the lower line curved upwards or downwards, the upper nearly entire, placed
near together but not imbricated, obliquely truncate on the side towards the
rachis ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; sori in a continuous line along the upper
edge.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 212. t. 63. D.

Hab. British Guiana ; gathered by Sir R. Schoniburgk. — The smallest and most slender
of the branched species.

14. L. Catherines, Hk. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. slender, erect, wiry,
polished, 6-9 in. 1. ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., with a pinnate summit, and below several
spreading branches, the lowest of which are sometimes again branched at the
base ; pinnl. \ in. 1., £ in. deep, cut down nearly to the costa into two or three
cleft obversely triangular lobes ; texture thinly pellucido-herbaceous ; sori not
quite as broad as the lobes, the outer valve considerably broader than the inner,
and finely toothed.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 212. t. 65. B.

Hab. St. Catherine's, Brazil ; gathered by Captain Beechey.— The most divided plant
in the pinnules of the branched, as L. Lapeyrousii is of the unbranched group.

•

15. L. virescens, Swartz ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, flexuose,
polished, dark-coloured ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., deltoid in general outline, with

20. LINDSAYA, § EULINDSAYA. 107

a simply pinnate point, and several pairs of erecto-patent branches, some of
which are again a little branched below ; pinnl. 4 lin. br., 3 lin. deep, nearly
entire or once or twice cleft from the upper margin, placed close together, but
not imbricated ; texture thickly pellucido-herbaceous ; sori in a continuous line
except when interrupted by the lobes. — L. Gardneri, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 213. t. 65. B.

Hab. Organ Mountains, Brazil ; gathered by Burchell and Gardner. — Allied in habit
to L. fldbellulata, but the pinnules are smaller and more divided.

16. L. flabettulata, Dry. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. wiry, erect, brownish-
black, polished, 4-12 in. 1. ; fr. 6-12 in. L, simple or with one or several pairs of
lateral branches ; pinnl. J-J in. 1., about ^ in. deep, the lower line nearly straight
or decurved, the upper rounded, entire, or lobed, the point broadly rounded ;
texture pellucido-herbaceous ; rachis naked ; venation flabellate ; sori in a con-
tinuous line except when interrupted by the lobes. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 211. t. 63. C.
Hk. & Gr. Ic. 75.

Hab. N. Hindostan, S. E. China, Malayan Peninsula and Islands, Ceylon, .N. Australia.
— Very variable in the size of the pinnae and in ramification. Var. gigantea of Hooker is
an abnormal state, with some of the pinnae of the central rachis 1-2 in. L, and lengthened
out to a narrow point. L. tenera, Dryander, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 211. (L. striata, Blume), only
differs by its thinner texture. In this and the preceding the lower pinnae are often nearly
as deep as broad.

17. L. trapeziformis, Dry. ; rhizome short-creeping; st. strong, erect, 6-12 in. 1.;
fr. 6-15 in. L, with a long entire point and 1 to 4 pairs of rather rigidly erecto-
patent branches, which are often 6-12 in. 1. ; pinnae f-1^ in. L, ^-\ in. deep, the
lower line nearly straight or curved upwards or downwards, the upper rounded,
entire, closely placed, but scarcely imbricated ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; sori
in a continuous line round the upper margin. — Hk. Sp. I. p. 214. L. quadran-
gularis, Raddi, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 214. L. horizontinalis, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 214. t. 62. B.
L. arcuata, Kunze, HL Sp. 1. p. 215. L. caudata, Hk. Ic. PL t. 958. Sp. 1. p.
215>— /3, L. laxa, Kunze, upper margin broadly lobed, so that the line of the fruit
is more or less interrupted. L. Klotzschiana, Moritz. — y, L. falcata, Willd. ; fr.
not branched ; pinnae often very large. L. Leprieurii, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 208. t. 62. D.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Guatemala southward to Rio Janeiro ; Ceylon,
Malayan Peninsula and Islands. — L. caudata is a large handsome Ceylonese form, with
more branches than usual ; L. arcuata, a form with long narrow falcate pinnules ; and
L. L'fferminieri, F6e, a plant from Guadeloupe, with the pinnules broadest at the outer
edge and the upper margin concave.

18. L. Borneensis, Hk. MSS. ; rhizome short-creeping, paleaceous ; st. strong,
erect, polished, 9-15 in. 1. ; fr. 12-18 in. L, 9-12 in. br., with a long unbranched
apex, and 6 to 9 erecto-patent branches on each side, which are 6-9 in. 1. ; pinnl.
3-4 lin. L, l|-2 lin. deep, closely placed or even imbricated, quite entire, the
outer edge blunt ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; veins prominent ; sori in a
continuous marginal line.

Hab. Forests of Borneo ; gathered by Messrs. Lobb and Barber. — This comes very
near L. Guianensis in habit, but the sori are quite marginal.

19. L. Guianensis, Dry. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 6-12 in. 1., rigid, erect,
polished ; fr. 1-2 ft. L, with an entire point and 1 to 6 pairs of lateral erecto-patent
branches, 6-9 in. L, which are sometimes again branched ; pinnl. 4 in. 1., £ in.
br., not lobed and the outer edge bluntly rounded, closely placed and sometimes
imbricated ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins prominent beneath ; sori in a contin-
uous line, with the outer valve produced, but altered in texture. — Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 172. t. 62. A.

Hab. Tropical America from Jamaica southward to Rio Janeiro. —This is inter-

103 20. LINDSAYA, § EULINDSAYA.

mediate between traptziformis and stricta, and is sometimes distinguishable from the
former only with difficulty.

pairs

lower line often considerably decurved, the upper rounded, nearly entire, closely
placed but imbricated ; colour bright-green, but texture coriaceous ; sori in a
continuous line round the upper edge. — Hk. tip. I. p. 216. L. elegans, Hk. Ic.
PL t. 98. (an unbranched form}.

Hab. Tropical America from Mexico and the West Indian Islands southward to "Rio
Janeiro. — The plant well deserves its name. The pinnules and stems are so rigid, that
specimens can be only made to adhere to paper with great difficulty. It is occasionally
even tripinnatifid.

21. L. rigida, J. Sm. ; rhizome wide-creeping; st. 4-6 in. 1., rigid, erect,
prickly towards the base ; fr. with a long unbranched central point and 1 to 4
pairs of flexuose lateral branches, 4-8 in. 1. ,' pinnl. 3-4 lin. br., 2 lin. deep, the
lower edge often falcate, the upper 3 or 4 times bluntly, not deeply lobed, placed
close together but not imbricated ; texture very thick and coriaceous ; veins pro-
minent ; sori in a marginal line on the lobes. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 217. t. 63. A.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula, on Mount Ophtr. — Much resembling L. stricta, but the
texture is thicker, the veins more conspicuous, and the upper margin of the pinnules is
conspicuously crenate. The colour of the mature frond is sepia-brown, and the pale
veins stand out from the groundwork in relief.

22. L. Kirkii, Hk. MSS. ; st. 1-2 ft. L, stout, suberect ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in.
br., with a long unbranched point and numerous (6-9) erecto-patent branches on
each side, 6-9 in. 1. ; pinnl. about \ in. bi\, j in. deep, much decurved at the
base, the outer edge rounded, the upper crenate, that nearest the rachis fre-
quently overlapping it, and the pinnules placed so close that one overlaps the
base of the next above it ; texture thinly herbaceous ; veins prominerttly
channelled ; sori numerous round the upper edge, not more than twice as
broad as deep, protruded from the margin, terminating only one or two of
the veins.

Hab. Seychelles flslands ; gathered by M. Bouton, Dr. Kirk, and E. W. Eawson,
Esq. — A very distinct and handsome species. The veins occasionally anastomose.

23. L. pendula, Klotzsch ; rMzome wide-creeping, densely clothed with dark
chesnut-brown fibrils ; st. erect, 6-9 in. 1., naked except below, polished ;fr. 9-12
in. L, 3-4 in. br., oblong in general outline, the main rachis without pinnae except
above the branches, which are 1^-2 in. 1., and spread from the stem at right
angles, or even curved slightly downwards ; pinnl. nearly 2 lin. br., hardly over
1 lin. deep, almost obversely triangular in shape, placed close together, but not
imbricated, those of the upper side of the branches often deflexed and pendulous ;
texture subcoriaceous ; sori in a continuous line along the upper edge of the pinnse.
—Hk.Sp. 1.^.213.

Hab. British Guiana ; gathered by Schomburgk, and again recently by Appun.

24. L. Sprucei, Hk. MSS. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. erect, wiry, 6-15 in. 1. ;
fr. 3-6 in. 1., about 1-|- in. br., ovate, bi- or tripinnatifid, branches f-1 in. 1., rigid,

filiform, spreading or decurved towards the point ; pinnl. about 1 lin. deep, fiabel-
late, cut down to the rachis into narrow linear mucronate segments, ^-1 lin. 1.,
those of the upper side of the branches often deflexed and pendulous ; texture
coriaceous ; fertile segm. broader at the apex (^ lin. br.) ; sori not quite occu-
pying the whole point.

Hab. San Carlos, on the Rio Negro, N. Brazil, Spruce, 2988.— A very curious plant,

20. LINDSAYA, §§ ISOLOMA. 109

resembling L. pendula in its subsecund fertile pinnules, but with the ultimate divisions
so narrow, that the sorus is usually as deep as broad ; so that we place the plant here
rather from analogy than because it fulfils the technical character of the genus.

25. L. ? Parishii, Baker ; rhizome slender, wiry, wide-creeping ; fr. 1 ft. 1., 3-4~
in. br., tripinnatifid, the rachis flexuose, and rooting at its extremity ; pinnae
15 to 20 on each side, 1-2 in. 1., flexuose, spreading from the stem at about a
right angle ; pinnl. oblong, blunt, the largest about 4 lin. 1., 2 lin* br., cut down
to a narrow flattened rachis into 3 or 4 segm. on each side, which are rather
broader at the point than below, placed only on the lower side of the main rachis
of the pinnae, except one at its base, and often, but not always, a few towards its
extremity ; texture herbaceous ; fruit unknown.

Hab. Banks of Packchang river, the southern boundary of the province of Tenasserim,
Rev. C. S. Parish. — The fruit is quite unknown, but I was unwilling to leave this very
curious fern unnoticed. In habit it comes nearest L. Sprucei ; but the pinnules here are
larger and different in texture, and confined principally to the under side of the rachis.
The general aspect is very like that of a large leaf of a bipinnate Acacia, but with
compound and subsecund leaflets.

§§ Isoloma, J. Smith. Pinnce equilateral ; veins free. Sp. 26-35. This section
in habit and texture resembles Pteris rather than Adiantum, and the cuneate species
approximate very closely to Stenoloma.

* Fronds simple. Sp. 26-27.

26. L. (Iso.) reniformis, Dry. ; st. wiry, flexuose, 4-6 in. 1., black, polished ;
fr. 2-2?r in. across, orbicular-reniform, with a deep basal sinus ; texture coriaceo-
membranaceous, not pellucid ; sori continuous all round the edge, except in the
sinus.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 203.

Hab. Guiana and the Amazon valley.

Hab. Guadeloupe and French Guiana.

** Fronds simply pinnate, with linear pinnae. Sp. 28-30.

28. L. (Iso.) Walkerce, Hk. ; rhizome creeping, paleaceous ; st. wiry, erect,
black, polished, 6-12 in. 1. ;fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce l|-2
in. L, ^ in. br., entire, equilateral, erecto-patent, with several times their breadth
between them ; texture coriaceous ; rachis naked, shining, brownish-black ; sori
in a continuous line along both edges — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 209. t. 69. A.

Hab. Ceylon and island of Banca, east of Sumatra.

29. L. (Iso.) divergens, Wall. ; rhizome creeping, wiry, fibrillose ; st. wiry, erect,
black, polished, 4-6 in. 1. ; fr. 6-12 in. L, 1^-2 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce j-1
in. 1,, 2-3 lin. br., obliquely truncate at the base below, auricled at the base above,
the margin entire, the point bluntish ; texture coriaceous ; rachis naked and
polished ; sori in a continuous line along both edges. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 210. Hk.
& Gr. Ic. t. 226.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Borneo. — Here the pinnae are placed close together, and
spread from the rachis at a right angle.

30. L. (Iso.) lanuginosa, Wall. ; rhizome stout, creeping, clothed with fibrillose

110 20. LINDSAYA, §§ ISOLOMA.

scales ; st. stout, erect, 4-6 in. 1. ; fr. 12-24 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnae
1^-2 in. 1., j-^ in. br., linear, entire or very slightly toothed towards the point, which
is acute in the fertile, bluntly rounded in the barren frond ; texture coriaceous ;
rachis pubescent ; sori in a continuous line along both edges. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 210.
t. 69. B.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula, southward to Tropical Australia, Mauritius, and gathered
by the Livingstone Expedition at the mouth of the Kongone river. — This has quite the
habit of Nephrolepis acuta,, and similar white cretaceous dots on the upper side of the
very deciduous pinnae.

*#* Fronds frj. ^ tripinnatifid, ultimate divisions cuneate. Sp. 31-36.

31. L. (Tso.) alutacea, Metten. ; st. strong, erect, 4-6 in. 1. \fr. 4-6 in. l.,l J-2 in. br.,
bipinnatifid, lower branches wiry, flexuose, 2-3 in. ]., erecto-patent, furnished with
6 to 8 stalked obversely-triangiilar pinnl., which are about 3 lin. br., 4 lin. deep,
2- to 3-lobed, and the lobes again crenate at the apex ; texture coriaceous ; vena-
tion flabellate ; sori in a line across the point of the pinnules. — Metten. Fil. Nov.
Cat. p. 63.

Hab. New Caledonia ; gathered by M. Deplanche.

32. L. (Iso.) trichomanoides, Dry. ; rhizome creeping, fibrillose ; st. 4-6 in. L,
slender, wiry, polished, chesnut-brown ; fr. 4-9 in. L, 2-3 in. br., ovate-oblong,
bipinnatifid ; pinnce 2-3 in. 1., lanceolate, erecto-patent, cut down quite to the
rachis below into cuneate pinnl., which are again broadly lobed on the upper
edge ; texture herbaceous ; venation obscure, flabellate ; sori in a continuous mar-
ginal line. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 218. — /3, L. Lessonii, Bory ; simply pinnate, with
broadly-lobed linear-lanceolate pinnce. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 217.

Hab. New Zealand, Van Piemen's Land, and N. S. Wales ; gathered also lately in
Fiji by Mr. Cairns.

33. L. (Iso.) micropliylla, Swartz ; rhizome creeping, fibrillose ; st. flexuose, wiry,
3-6 in. 1. ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., bi- or tripinnatifid ; primary pinnce distant,
flexuose, 1-4 in. 1. ; pinnl. entire, or cut down to the rachis into several obversely
triangular lobes, which when fertile are often not more than 1 lin. br. ; texture
herbaceous ; venation flabellate ; sori in a continuous marginal line. — Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 218. Hk. & Gr. t. 194.

Hab. New Zealand and Temperate Australia.

34. L. (Iso.) elongata, Lab. ; rhizome stout, creeping, densely fibrillose ; st. 6-9
in. 1., stout, erect, naked, chesnut-brown, polished ; fr. 12-18 in. L, 6-9 in. br.,
ovate-deltoid, tripinnatifid ; lower pinnl. lanceolate-acuminate, 2-3 in. 1., f in. br.,
cut down nearly to the rachis, but only slightly above into lobes which are
broader at the apex than the base, and sometimes quite obversely triangular ;
texture coriaceous ; veins prominently raised on the under side ; sori occupying
nearly or quite the whole margin of the lobes. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 213.

Hab. New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Isle of Pines.

35. L. (Iso.) retusa, Metten. ; st. strong, erect, not prickly or climbing ; fr. tri-
pinnatifid ; lower pinnce 12-15 in. 1., 6-8 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate-deltoid, the
lower segm. the same shape, 1-1| in. 1., if in. br., cut down to the rachis below,
the lobes 2-3 lin. br., cuneate ; texture herbaceous ; sori narrow, marginal,
occupying the whole breadth of the lobes. — Davallia, Oav. Hk. Sp. 1. p. 188.
t. 52. A.

Hab. Philippine Islands, Amboyna, Solomon's Isles, New Caledonia. — This species
and No. 31 in particular in texture and habit approximate to Stenoloma very closely.

20. LINDSAYA, §§§ SYNAPHLEBIUM, §§§§ SCHIZOLOMA. HI

§§§ Synaphlebium, J. Smith. Pinnce unilateral ; veins more or less anasto-
mosing. Sp. 36-38. Habit and texture of Eulindsaya, from which it differs only
by its anastomosing veins.

36. L. (Syn.) media, R. Br. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., wiry, flexuose, shining, pale ; fr.
6-12 in. L, deltoid in general outline, bi- or tripinnate ; pinnce 3-4 lin. 1., 2-3 lin.
deep, the lower line nearly straight, the upper one rounded ; texture subcoria-
ceous ; veins flabellate, free or anastomosing ; sori in a continuous marginal line.
— Hk. Sp. I. p. 112. Ic. PL t. 957.

Hab. Tropical Australia and adjacent islands. — Habit of L. fldbellulata, but thicker
in texture, and different in venation. The tertiary divisions, when present, are very
short.

37. L. (Syn.) nitens, Blume ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect ;
fr. simple or with a long unbranched apex, and 1 to 6 pairs of erecto-patent

branches, 3-6 in. 1. ; pinnl. about ^ in. 1., J in. br., the lower decurved principally
at the base, the outer margin rounded, the upper three or four times broadly not
deeply lobed, close placed, but not imbricated ; texture thinly pellucido-herbaceous ;
veins anastomosing in the iipper half of the lobes ; sori marginal in the lobes,
the inner valve of the invol. narrow and membranous, the edge of the frond pro-
duced beyond it and scarcely altered. — L. recurvata, Wall. L. propinqua and
L. obtusa, Hk. Sp.l.p. 222-4. t. 68. A. 66. B. and 70. A. Syn. pulchrum, Brack,
p. 223.

Hab. Neilgherries and Ceylon (up to 5,000 ft.), westward to Queensland and the
Polynesian Islands. — Much resembling L. davallioides in size and general appearance,
but the pinnules are deeper and not so much lobed, and the nervation and position of
the fruit differ. L. intermedia (Hk. t. 67. B.) appears to be a curious state of this
species, in which the pinnule shows a strong tendency towards the equilateral type of
form. Only the basal half of the lower moiety of the pagina is deficient, and the fruit
is continued round the edge of the rest. S. pulchrum of Brackenridge is a small simple
unbranched form.

38. L. (Syn.) davallioides, Blume ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 6-12 in. L, firm,
erect ; fr. with a long central point and 2 or 3 pairs of erecto-patent curved
branches, 4-8 in. 1. ; pinnce 4-6 lin. L, 2-3 lin. br., the lower margin straight or
slightly curved, the upper with 4 to 6 regular rounded but not deep lobes, placed
close together but not imbricated ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; veins anasto-
mosing at the base of the lobes ; sori marginal in the lobes. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 224.
t. 68. A. Davallia Kunzeana, Hk. Sp. 1. p. 177.

Hab. Malayan peninsula and islands.

§§§§ Schizoloma, Gaud. Pinnce equilateral ; veins more or less anastomosing.
Sp. 39-48. Fronds entire or simply pinnate, not pellucid.

* Fruit in a continuous line along both margins. Sp. 39-44.

39. L. (Schiz.) cordata, Gaud. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 3-6 in. 1., slender,
erect, wiry ; barren frond 2-3 in. 1., 1-1| in. br., cordate-oblong, quite entire,
fertile one 3-6 in. L, linear, entire or forked ; texture coriaceous ; sori in a con-
tinuous marginal line. — HJc. Sp. 1. p. 219. t. 66. A.

Hab. Malayan peninsula, rare.

40. L. (Schiz.) Gueriniana, Gaud. ; rhizome creeping, paleaceous ; st. 4-6 in. 1. ;
fr. 6-9 in. 1., oblong-lanceolate, simply pinnate ; pinnce ^-f in. 1., ovate or
oblong, nearly entire, horizontal or falcate, slightly auricled at the base on the
upper edge ; texture subcoriaceous ; sori in a continuous line along both margins.

112 20. LINDSAYA, §§§§ SCHIZOLOMA.

Hab. Malayan islands. — There is no specimen of this in the Hookerian Herbarium.
The pinnae are said to be very deciduous.

41. L. (Schiz.) ensifolia, Swartz ; rhizome creeping, stout, paleaceous ; st. 6-9
in. 1., wiry, flexuose ; fr. 6-12 in. L, 3-4 in. br., with a linear-lanceolate simple
or pinnatifid point, simply pinnate below ; pinnae usually in numerous pairs, all
stalked, 1^-6 in. 1., J-l in. br., varying from linear-acuminate to lanceolate in
shape, only the sterile ones, which are broader than the others, a little toothed ;
texture herbaceous ; veins copiously anastomosing ; sori in a continuous marginal
line.— Hk. Sp. \. p. 220. Gard. F. t. 62. Hk. & Gr. t. 3. S. Agatii, Brack,
t. 30. L. Griffithiana, Hk. Sp. \.p. 219. t. 68. B. L. pentaphylla, Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 219. t. 67. A.

Hab. Hongkong, and 4,000 ft. in the Himalayas, southward to Queensland, and east-
ward to the Polynesian Islands, Mauritius, Madagascar, Natal, Cape Colony, and Guinea
coast. — This has quite the general habit of Pleris cretica, and is very variable in size and
the number of pinnae. L. Griffithiana is an unbranched form.

42. L. (Schiz.) macrophylla, Kaulf. ; st. 12-18 in. 1., strong, erect, polished ; .fr.
about 12 in. L, with an entire ovate undivided apex, about 6 in. 1., 2 in. br. ;
pinnce about as long but rather narrower, ovate-lanceolate, oblique at the base,
decurrent on a short petiole, not toothed ; texture between herbaceous and
coriaceous ; sori in continuous submarginal lines.— Hk. Sp. 1. p. 220.

Hab. Brazil and Guiana. — The inner valve of the involucre is a membranous line,
and the edge of the frond is produced beyond the line of the sorus, and cannot be said to
be altered in texture.

43. L. (Schiz.) Fraseri, Hk. ; rhizome slender, creeping, fibrillose ; st. 2-3
in. 1., slender, erect ; fr. 9-12 in. L, 1 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce in distant
pairs, the largest ^-f in. L, ^-f in. br., cordate-ovate, toothed above and some-
times deeply lobed at the base, the upper ones almost as broad as long ; texture
thinly herbaceous ; sori in a continuous marginal line. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 221. t. 70. B.

Hab. Queensland. — It is not at all unlikely that this is a small delicate variety of
L. heterophylla.

44. L. (Schiz.) heterophylla, Dry. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 4-8 in. 1.,
firm, naked, erect; fr. 6-12 in. L, 3-6 in. br., lanceolate or oblong-deltoid,
varying from simply pinnate, with large linear-lanceolate entire pinnce, to bipin-
nate, with erecto-patent branches, 3-4 in. 1., with oblong lanceolate blunt pinnl.

in. L, £ in. br. ; texture herbaceous ; sori in continuous marginal lines. —
k. Sp. 1. p. 223.

Hab. Neilgherries, Ceylon, Hongkong, Malayan peninsula and islands. — The pinnae
or pinnules of the barren frond are slightly toothed. L. cuneata, Willd., is this species
from the Mauritius.

** Diellia, Brack. Sori not quite marginal, transversely oblong or linear, the
outer valve of the involucre membranaceous, similar in shape to the sorus, but the
frond on the other side usually produced beyond them and not altered in texture.
Sp. 45-48.

45. L. (Diellia) pumila, Hk. MSS. (non Klotzsch) ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., wiry,
blackish, polished ; fr. 4-9 in. L, £-1 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce 4-6 lin. 1.,
1-^-2 lin. br., ovate-rhomboidal, rounded at the point, slightly undulated,
auricled at the base on the upper side ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins immersed ;
sori transversely oblong, submarginal. — Diellia pumila, Brack, p. 219.

Hab. Sandwich Islands. — A very distinct plant, with the habit of a large form of
Aspknium Trichomanes.

20*. DJCTYOXIPHIUM. 21. ADIANTUM. 113

46. L. (Diellia) erecta, Hk. MSS. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., strong, erect, polished, chesnut-
brown ; fr. 9-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., lanceolate, simply pinnate ; pinnce 1-2 in. 1.,
j-§ in., br., linear-lanceolate, slightly undulated at the margin, the upper half
rather the broadest and auricled at the base, the lower ones shorter and broader 9
texture herbaceous ; sori 2 to 3 times as long as broad, falling short of the margin.
—Diellia erecta, Brack, t. 31. f. 2.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

47. L. (Diellia) falcata, Hk. MSS. ; st. 3-4 in. ]., strong, erect, densely
paleaceous ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., lanceolate, simply pinnate ; pinnce 1-2
in. L, J-f in. br., linear-lanceolate, falcate, acuminate, slightly undulated at the
margin, the upper half rather broadest and auricled at the base, the lower ones
very short and blunt ; texture herbaceous ; sori marginal, transversely oblong. —
Diellia falcata, Brack. t.Sl.f.l.

Hab. Sandwich Islands. — Distinguished from D. erecta by its short paleaceous stem
and marginal sori.

48. L. (Diellia) Michleriana, Eaton ; st. slender, elongated, slightly paleaceous;
fr. 12-15 in. 1., ovate-lanceolate in general outline, pinnate below with pinnce
3-5 in. 1., 1 in. br., the upper half linear, undulated at the margin; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous; veins forming hexagonal areolae with free included
veinlets ; sori nearly marginal, transversely oblong or linear, the outer valve of
the involucre the same shape as the sorus, but the margin of the frond produced
'beyond it and unaltered. — Eaton, Fil. Wright $ Fendl. p. 213.

Hab. Cataract of Truando, New Granada, Schott, No. 8. — A very curious plant, with
the venation of Dictyoxiphium, but quite different in the fruit, which agrees very well
with that of the three species for which Diellia was proposed as a genus.

GEN. 20*. DICTYOXIPHIUM, Hook.

Sori marginal, continuous. Invol. like that of lAndsaya, but the outer valve
obsolete. — A single species with anastomosing areolar venation and free included
veinlets. TAB. 2. /. 20. B. erroneously represents the inner instead of the outer
valve of the involucre as suppressed.

1. D. Panamense, Hk. ; fr. tufted, sessile, 2-3 ft. 1., the barren one 2-3 in.,
the fertile ^-1 in. br., narrowed from the middle gradually downwards, quite
entire ; texture subcoriaceous, the midrib strong and prominent ; sori in a con-
tinuous marginal line. — Hk. Sp. 1. p. 224.

Hab. Tropical America, from Guatemala to New Granada. — When the involucre is
rolled over the sorus, the latter appears to be placed on the upper surface of the frond.

TRIBE 6. PTERIDE^E.

Sori marginal, oblong or linear. Invol. of the same shape as the sorus, formed of a
more or less changed and reflexed portion of the frond, opening inwardly. GEN.
21-33.

GEN. 21. ADIANTUM, L.

Sori marginal, varying in shape from globose to linear, usually numerous and
distinct, sometimes confluent and continuous. Invol. the same shape as the
sorus, formed of the reflexed margin of the fronds bearing the capsules on its
under side. A large genus, which has its head-quarters in Tropical America, most
of the species of which are recognizable from all other Ferns but the typical Lindsay ae

114 21. ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM.

by the texture and one-sidedness of their segments. One group has flabellato-cuneate
segments, but still without any distinct midrib, whilst a few species have equilateral
segments, and approach in habit Pteris and Schizoloma. The veins only anastomose
in four species out of sixty. TAB. II. f. 21.

§ Euadiantum. Veins not anastomosing.-^ Sp. 1-57.
* Frond simple. — Sp. 1-2.

1. A. reniforme, L. ; St. tufted, polished, chesnut- brown, 4-6 in. 1. ; fr. or-
bicular-reniform, 1|-2| in. across, with usually a broad open sinus; texture
subcoriaceous ; sori all round the edge, l|-3 lin. br. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 2. t. 71. A.
Fil. Exot. rt. 8. — /3, A. asarifolium, Willd. ; st. stronger, 6-12 in. 1. ; fr. 2-4
in. br., thicker in texture, with a deep narrow sinus, the basal lobes sometimes
even overlapping.— #£. Sp. 2. p. 2. t. 71. B. Fil. Exot. $.11.

Hab. a, Madeira and Teneriffe ; /3, Mauritius and Bourbon.

2. A. Parishii, Hk. ; st. tufted, slender, naked, dark-brown, polished, J-^
in. 1. ; fr. ^-1 in. each way, suborbicular, slightly undulated, cuneate at the
base ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; veins not prominent ; sori few, placed in
crenations of the frond, £ in. br.—Hk. Sp. 2. p. 237. v. 3. 1. 142. A. Fil. Exot. t. 51.

Hab. Moulmein, Malayan Peninsula ; discovered by the Rev. C. S. Parish.

** Radicantes -group. — Frond essentially simply pinnate, the rachis often elongated
and taking root at the apex. Sp. 3-6.

3. A. lunulatum, Burm. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., tufted, wiry, naked, polished, dark
chesnut-brown ; fr. 6-12 in. L, 2-3 in. br., simply pinnate, often elongated and
rooting at the extremity ; pinnae f-l£ in. br., \-\ in. deep, subdimidiate, the
lower edge nearly in a line or oblique with the petiole, the upper edge rounded
and, like the bluntly-rounded sides, usually more or less lobed ; petioles of the
lower ones spreading, \-\ in. 1. ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous, the rachis and
both surfaces naked ; sori in continuous lines along the edge. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 11.
Hk. & Gr. t. 104. A. dolabriforme, Hk. Ic. PI. t. 191. A. deflectens, Mart.
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 12. — /3, A. tremulum, Kunze ; whole plant more slender, the pin-
nules smaller and more membranaceous. — A. filiforme, Gardn. Hk. Ic. PI. t. 503.
Sp. 2. p. 15.

Hab. Hongkong, Cochin China, Himalayas (4,000 ft.), southward to Polynesian
Islands and Tropical Australia, Madagascar, Zambesi Land, Angola, Guinea, Cape
Verde Islands, Tropical America, from Mexico southward to the Organ Mountains. —
An easily-recognizable and widely-diffused species. The two varieties are evidently
connected together by gradual intermediate stages. When the upper edge of the pinnae
is much lobed, the sori appear transversely oblong, but in some of the specimens the line
is quite continuous. A. Philippense, Linn., adopted from Petiver, though described by
Linnaeus as simple, is figured by Petiver as pinnate, and is doubtless this species.

4. A. Oantoniense, Hance ; st. slender, naked, polished, blackish, 2-3 in. 1. ;
fr. 4-6 in. L, f in. br., simply pinnate with a terminal pinna, or prolonged and
rooting at the extremity ; pinnce in 3 to 5 distant opposite pairs, | in. br.. £-f in.
deep, suborbicular, nearly entire or slightly lobed, shortly stalked ; texture
pellucido-herbaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked ; sori few round the outer edge,
not contiguous, roundish or transversely oblong.

t Except casually in A. macrophyllum, lucidum, and perhaps some other species.

21. ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM. 115

Hab. Ramparts of Canton, Hance, 7542. — This much resembles A. tremulum; but the
petioles are shorter, and the lower pinna) opposite and round, not dimidiate.

5. A. caudatum, Linn. ; st, 2-4 in. 1., tufted, wiry, spreading, dark chesnut-^
brown, tomentose ; fr. 0-12 in. 1., simply pinnate, often elongated and rooting at
the extremity ; pinnce £-f in. 1., £• in. deep, dimidiate, nearly sessile, the lower
line straight and horizontal, the upper rounded, more or less cut, often deeply
and repeatedly, the point usually blunt, the lower ones slightly stalked ; texture
coriaceous, the veins prominent, the rachis and both surfaces of the frond villose ;
sori roundish or transversely oblong on the edge of the lobes. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 13.
Ex. Fl. t. 104.— )3, A. rhizophorum, Swartz ; pinnce and rachis nearly or quite
glabrous. — A. Edgeworthii, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 14. t. 81. B.

Hab. Arabia Felix, Himalayas (3,000 ft.), and Hongkong, southward to Ceylon and
Java, Madagascar, Mauritius, Zambesi Land, Angola, banks of the Niger, and Cape
Verde Islands. — A. soboliferum, Wallich (Hk. Sp. v. 2. t. 74. A.), appears to be a form
of this with winged petioles and stipes. A similar form of A. lunulatum has been
gathered by Drs. Kirk and Welwitsch in South Africa.

from the circumference towards the centre 2 or 3 times half the way down, and
the main lobes again cleft less deeply ; texture thinly herbaceous ; rachis and
both surfaces naked ; sori roundish or transversely oblong, placed in small
depressions at the apex of the lobes. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 15. Ic. PL t. 467.

Hab. Province of Goyaz, Brazil ; gathered by Mr, Gardner. — A more tender plant
than A. caudatum, which is not known in America, but not clearly distinct. A. rhizo-
phytum, Schrad., also from Brazil, is closely allied, or may be the same.

*** Polysorous group. — Fronds once or more pinnate, the fruit in numerous
roundish or oblong or transversely reniform marginal patches. Sp. 7-31.

t Ultimate segments not dimidiate, but having two more or less distinctly opposite
rows of sori. Sp. 7-12.

7. A. Kaulfussii^ Kunze ; st. 4-9 in. 1., wiry, erect, naked, polished, blackis'h ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., with a large terminal lobe and 1 to 12 alternate pinnce
on each side, the lowest 2-3 in. 1., ^-1 in. br., cordate and auricled broadly at
the base above, roundly cut away on the lower side, slightly stalked, and
those of the barren frond slightly toothed ; texture coriaceous ; rachis pubescent ;
sori in interrupted marginal lines. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 7. Hk. &f Gr. t. 190.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies, southward to Brazil and Peru. — This and the next
are the only species of the group with a clearly-defined midrib.

8. A. obliquum, Willd. ; st. 3-6 in. 1., erect, wiry, polished, blackish, slightly
pubescent ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., with a terminal lobe and 3 to 12 pairs of
alternate pinnae, the lowest 1-2 in. 1., |-| in. br., costate nearly to the apex, the
upper half the largest, rounded at the base, the lower half obliquely truncate at
the base, shortly stalked, those of the barren frond slightly toothed ; texture
coriaceous ; racJiis pubescent ; sori in numerous interrupted marginal patches
1-2 lin. br.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 8. t. 79. A.

Hab. West Indian Islands, Columbia, and Guiana. — Very doubtfully distinct from
A. Kaulfussii. The characters relied upon are the thicker texture of this, its more con-
tinuous sori, and the absence of a glaucous tinge on the under side of the leaves. Grise-
bach refers the obacure A . denticulatum, Swartz, to this species.

116 21. ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM.

9. A. Galeottianum, Hk. ; st. 3-4 in. 1., naked, erect, dark chesnut-brown,
wiry, polished ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., simply pinnate, or branched at the base ;
pinnce in numerous opposite pairs, f in. each way, suborbicular, nearly entire,
slightly stalked ; texture coriaceous ; veins very close and fine but prominent ;
sori obverselv reniform, about 1 lin. across, placed in shallow sinuses all round
the frond.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 10. t. 80. B.

Hab. Mexico, province of Oaxcaca, at an elevation of 3,000 ft., Galeotti, 6561.— A very
distinct species, easily recognized by its large round equal-sided pinnules. The venation
is very clearly marked on the under side of the frond, but is quite flabellate, and there is
no central rib which is stronger than the others.

10. A. JPeruvianum, Klotzsch ; st. 6-9 in. 1., strong, erect, nearly black,
polished, naked ; fr. simply pinnate, or with 1-3 branches at the base, or even
with some of the latter again slightly branched ; pinnules 2 in. or more br.,
l£ in. deep, unequally ovate, cuneate at the base, sometimes with an
acuminated point, finely toothed and lobed round the upper and outer edge, the
lowest on stalks -|s~f in. 1. ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both
surfaces naked ; sori in interrupted patches round the sides of the pinnules. —
Hk.Sp. 2.^.35. t. 81. C.

Hab. Peru ; gathered by Mathews, and lately again by Spruce. — A very fine and
well-marked species, which the size and shape of its pinnules will readily distinguish in
the group.

11. A. subcordatvm, Swartz; st. 6-12 in. 1., strong, erect, blackish, naked,
polished ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., deltoid, tripinnate ; lower pinnce deltoid, 1 ft. 1.,
6-9 in. br. ; segm. about 2 in. 1., 1 in. br., ovate-acuminate, equal at the base, or
the lower side obliquely truncate, slightly lobed, on stalks ^-\ in. 1. ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; sori in roundish or trans-
versely oblong patches along both sides. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 34. A. betulinum,
Kaulf.

Hab. Guiana and Brazil. — This resembles in general habit A. trapeziforme, but differs
in the shape of the pinnules, which are equilateral or slightly oblique at the base on the
lower side.

12. A. intermedium, Swartz ; st. 6-12 in. 1., erect, strong, polished, but
somewhat tomentose ; fr. with a terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., and
1 to 3 small spreading lateral ones on each side ; pinnl. 1-1£ in. 1., J-J in. br.,
unequal-sided, but not dimidiate, the lower half being the smallest, about the
inner third being cut off, the point bluntish or acute, the inner edge nearly
parallel with the stem, the upper nearly straight, scarcely toothed ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis tomentose ; sori in interrupted marginal patches, 1-2 lin.
across, placed round the upper edge and outer two-thirds of the lower one. —
Hk, Sp. 2. p. 25. A. fovearum, Raddi. A. triangulatum, Kaulf.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Peru and Rio
Janeiro. — A widely-diffused and well-known species, distinguished from A. tetraphyllum
by the outer edge being often brought down so as to be parallel with the upper edge,
so that we have two opposite rows of sori instead of one at an acute angle with the
other.

ft Ultimate segments dimidiate, the stems naked and polished. Sp. 13-20.

13. A. Shepherdi, Hk. ; st. 3-4 in. ]., naked, polished, blackish ; fr. 6-12 in. ].,
simply pinnate ; pinnce f in. br., £-f deep, dimidiate, the lower line nearly
straight, the upper rounded and, like the two bluntly rounded sides, broadly
lobed, quite sessile and usually reflexed, so that the pinnules of the opposite sides
of the rachis are brought face to face, the inner quarter of the blade being
imbricated over the stem ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ;

2 1 . ADIANTUM, § EUADI ANTUM. 117

sori numerous, obversely reniform, as deep as broad, placed in distinct hollows
round the outer edge. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 9. t. 73. B.

Hab. Mexico, gathered originally by Mr. Bates in 1834 ; and fine specimens have
been received lately from Morelia from Mr. Glennie. — In the texture of the frond anol
form of the sori this curious plant closely resembles A. Galeottianum, but the stem is
quite simple, so far as we know, the form of the pinnules quite different, and the habit
is very peculiar.

14. A. sinuosum, Gard-. ; st. 4-8 in. 1., erect, naked, polished, nearly black ;
fr. with a long terminal central pinna, 2-3 in. br., and 1 or 2 pairs of erecto-
patent branches at the base ; pinnl. 1^-in. br., ^-f in. deep, the lower line obliquely
decurved, the upper irregularly rounded and deeply lobed, the lobes again
crenate, the lower ones on stalks £-£ in. 1. ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ;
racliis and surfaces naked ; sori obreniform, placed in rounded sinuses of the
crenatious of the lobes. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 35. Ic. PL t. 504.

Hab. Brazil, Gardner, 3552, Burchell, 6752 ; and a similar plant has been gathered by
Prof. Jameson near Guyaquil. — This resembles most A. Capillus-veneris in the segments.
They come generally about halfway between the flabellato-cuneate and truly dimidiate
types of form, so that its position may be said to be about midway between that species
and^L trapeziforme.

15. A. diaphanum, Blume ; st. 4-8 in. 1., slender, erect, blackish, polished ;
fr. 4-8 in. 1., 1 in. br., simply pinnate or with 1 to 3 branches at the base, which
are sometimes nearly as large as the terminal one ; pinnl. ^ in. br,, ^ in. deep,
the lower line rather decurved, the upper nearly parallel with it, crenate like
the blunt outer edge ; texture thin ; rachis naked, surfaces nearly so ; sori
obversely reniform, numerous, but not contiguous, placed in the sinuses of the
upper and outer edge. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 11. t. 80. C. A. affine, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 32.
non Willd. A. setulosum, J. Sin.

Hab. S. E. China, Aneiteum, Java, Fiji, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, N. Zealand, N. S.
Wales. — This is nearest the next species, but is much less branched, and the pinnules are
thinner in texture. In habit it shows an approximation towards the pedate group. It
is not unlikely that A. erectum, Kuuze (Bot. Zeit. 1848, p. 211), is the same.

16. A. affine, Willd. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, polished, blackish, glossy ; fr. with a
terminal central pinna 4-6 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., and several smaller erecto-patent
lateral ones, the lowest of which are again branched ; pinnl. £-f in. 1., J in. deep,
dimidiate, the lower edge straight, the upper nearly parallel with it, crenate like
the oblique or bluntly rounded outer edge ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and
surfaces quite naked, the latter very glaucous ; sori numerous, roundish, placed
in small hollows round the upper and outer edge.— A. Cunninghami, Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 52. t. 86. A. (not A. affine, Hk., which is A. diaphanum, Blume).

Hab. New Zealand. — A somewhat variable plant in branching and the size of the
segments, but not likely to be confused with any other, especially as it is known only in
New Zealand.

17. A. nigrescens, Fee ; st. 6-12 in. 1., strong, erect, naked, blackish, polished ;
fr. 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with a terminal pinna and several lateral ones on each
side, the lowest of wrhich are again branched ; segm. about ^ in. 1., J in. br.,
dimidiate, the upper and lower margins nearly parallel, the point bluntly rounded,
the upper and outer edges finely toothed ; texture coriaceous ; rachis nearly
naked, polished, surfaces naked ; sori in transversely oblong patches along the
upper edge. — Fee, Icon. t. II. f. 2.

Hab. Guadeloupe, UHerminier. — Probably this should be regarded as a subglabrous
state of A. cristatum. From all the species placed near, it may be known by its coriaceous
and much smaller segments.

118 21. ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM.

18. A. trapeziforme, L. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, naked, polished, blackish ;
fr. with a central pinna 4-8. in. L, 2-3 in. br., and 2 to 4 large spreading- ones on

each side, the lowest of which are often branched again ; segm. 1^-2 in. 1.,
•jr-f in. br., dimidiate, the sides nearly parallel, the outer edge oblique, both it
and the upper one bluntly, not deeply lobed, the lowest on stalks %-% in. 1. ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; sori numerous, con-
tiguous, transversely oblong, placed round the upper and outer edge. — Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 33. Hk. & Gr. t. 98.— /3, A. pentadactylon, L. & F. ; lower margin of the
segments somewhat decurved obliquely from the petiole. — y, A. cultratum,
J. Sm. ; outer edge of the segment bluntly rounded. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 34.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Brazil. — A
well-known plant, readily distinguished from its neighbours by its ample trapezoid seg-
ments. A . Catherine of the gardens appears not to differ materially.

19. A. polyphyllum, Willd. ; st. 12-18 in. L, strong, erect, blackish, polished,
rather scabrous ; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 12-18 in. br., the upper part simply pinnate ;
lower pinnae sometimes 1 ft. 1., 6 in. br., with a long terminal and numerous
erecto-patent lateral pinnules ; segm. f-1 in. 1., J in. deep, dimidiate, the upper
and lower edge nearly parallel, the -point bluntly rounded, the upper edge
sharply but not deeply toothed ; texture coriaceous, veins prominent ; rachis and
surfaces naked ; sori in numerous suborbicular patches placed in hollows in lobes
along the upper edge. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 49. A. cardiochlaena, Kunze, Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 50. t. 83. A. A. Matthewsianum, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 35. t. 84. A. A. macro-
cladum, Klotzsch, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 49. t. 83. B.

Hab. Columbia and Peru. — A large Copiously-branched plant, with very numerous
(sometimes fifty to a pinna) closely-placed subsessile segments. A. tomentosum, Klot.zsch
(A. Klotzschianum, Hk.), and A. urophyllum, Hk., seem forms of this with slightly-
pubescent rachises.

20. A. glaucescens, Klotzsch ; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, erect, naked, polished ;
fr. 1 ft. each way, with a terminal pinna and several loosely-spreading ones on

each side ; pinnl. f-1 in. L, ^-f in. deep, dimidiate, the lower border nearly
straight, the upper nearly parallel with it, almost entire, the outer margin
bluntly rounded, the lowest on short stalks ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ;
rachises naked, under surface glaucous ; sori in numerous patches, 1-1^ lin.
br., with a space between them, placed round the upper and outer edge. —
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 26.

Hab. Ecuador, Guiana, and north of Brazil. — Perhaps this also is not distinct from
A. polyphyllum, but it is less copiously branched, and the segments are fewer and thinner
in texture.

*** Ultimate segments dimidiate, the stems pubescent. Sp. 21-31. >

21. A. Henslovianum, Hk. fil. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., erect, dark chesnut-brown, naked,
glossy ; fr. 12-18 in. L, 6-9 in. br., ovate tripinnate, furnished with numerous
distant pinnce on each side, the upper of which are simple, but the lowest slightly
branched ; segm.^-% in. br., J-f in. deep, dimidiate, the lower line nearly straight,
the upper rather rounded, a good deal lobed, the point bluntly rounded ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and under surface hairy ; sori obversely reniform,
placed in the hollows of the lobes of the upper and outer edge. — Ilk. Sp. 2. p. 43.
A. sessilifolium, Hk. p. 44. A. Reichenbachii, Moritz.

Hab. Columbia, Peru, Galapagos group.— -This is well-marked amongst its neighbours
by the shape of its segments, the inner edge of which is often imbricated over the i-achis,
as in A. Shepherdi and concinnum, and by the reuiform sori which encircle a very distinct
hollow.

22. A. cristatuniy L. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., strong, erect, tomentose ; fr, 1^-3 ft. L,

21. ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM. 119

9-12 in. br., with a terminal central pinna 6-9 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., and numerous
rather distant lateral ones on each side, the lowest of which are sometimes again
branched ; segm. ^-f in. 1., J-§ in. br., dimidiate, the lower line nearly straight,
the upper nearly parallel or rounded, the point blunt, texture coriaceous ; rachts
tomentose ; sorzin several oblong or linear patches round the upper and outer
edge.— Hie. Sp. 2. p. 46. A. Kunzeanum, Klotzsch. HJc. Sp. 2. p. 47.

Hab. West Indies and Venezuela. — This species and the two next are distinguished
from their neighbours by their smaller and more rigid segments. They bear the same
relation to A . tetrapliyllum that Lindsaya stricta bears to L. Guianensis and trapeziformis.

23. A. obtusum, Desv. ; st. 6-12 in. L, wiry, erect, polished, blackish, slightly
tomentose ; fr. with a terminal and several pairs of erecto-patent lateral pinnae ;
pinnl. ^-if in. br., l|-2 lin. deep, subdimidiate, the lower line nearly straight,
without sori, the upper bluntly rounded, nearly entire, placed close, and the
lower slightly stalked ; texture coriaceous, venation flabellate ; rachis often
densely tomentose ; sori in numerous close transversely oblong patches round
the up'per and outer edge.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 19. Hk. & Gr. t. 188.— p, A. Kunzei,
Miquel ; pinnules larger, sometimes ^-f in. br., £ in. deep.

Hab. West Indian Islands and Panama southward to Peru and Rio Janeiro. — This
comes very near in habit and texture to A. cristatum, from which it may be best known
by its closer, more numerous, and shorter sori. A plant gathered by Barter in the
Niger Expedition appears to agree with the copious American specimens.

24. A. hirtmn, Klotzsch ; st. 6-9 in. ]., wiry, erect, polished, dark chesnut-
brown, tomentose ; fr. with a terminal and several pairs of erecto-patent lateral
pinnce ; pinnl. ^-\ in. br., 1^-2 lin. deep, dimidiate, the lower line straight and
barren, the upper bluntly rounded, finely toothed, placed close, and the lower
slightly stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ; venation fine, prominent, under surface
slightly and rachis very tomentose ; sori transversely oblong, placed in small
lobes of the upper and outer margin. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 20. t. 82. A.

Hab. Tropical America, from Panama and Guiana southward to Peru and Brazil. —
This is more closely and regularly branched than the two preceding, with the segments
longer in proportion to their breadth, and the sori very close, small, and numerous.
A. gracile, Fe*e, which I have not seen, seems near this.

25. A.formosum, R. Br. ; st. 12-18 in. L, strong, erect, scabrous ; fr. 18-24
in. L, 12-18 in. br., tri- or even quadripinnate ; lower pinnce 12-15 in. L, 6-9 in.
br., deltoid ; pinnl. deltoid ; ult. segm. J-| in. br., If -2 lin. deep, dimidiate, the
lower edge straight, the upper rather rounded and deeply lobed, the outer also
oblique and lobed, the lower ones distinctly stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
glossy, scabrous ; sori numerous, between obreniform and transversely oblong,
placed at the edge of the lobes along the upper and outer margin. — Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 51. t. 86. B.

Hab. Temperate Australia and New Zealand. — This has pinnules as small but not
nearly so thick and rigid as in the three preceding. It comes from a different part of the
world, and the ample compound pinnae will at once distinguish it from all its allies.

26. A. Cubense, Hk. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., polished, blackish, naked, erect ; fr. 6-9
in. L, 1-lf in. br., simply pinnate, or with a single pair of short erecto-patent
branches ; pinnl. f in. br., § in. deep, unilateral, the lower line slightly recurved,
the upper rounded and broadly lobed, the outer edge blunt, lowest short-stalked ;
texture pellucido-herbaceous ; rachis slightly pubescent ; sori in shallow hollows
of the lobes, 1-1^ lin. br. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 28. t. 73. A.

Hab. Jamaica and Cuba. — This species is marked by the simple or slightly-branched
stem and character of the sori, which are not more than five or six in number, and placed
in the centre of distinct hollows along the upper and outer edge.

120 21. ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM.

27. A.fulvum, Raoul; st. 6-9 in. 1., strong, erect, polished, dark chesnut-brown,
rough below, with strong hairs \fr. 9-12 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., deltoid in general out-
line, with a terminal pinna 4-6 in. 1., about 1^ in. br., and several erecto-patent
branches, the lower of which are branched again \pinnl. about f in. ]., \ in. deep,
dimidiate, the lower edge nearly straight, the upper almost parallel, with sharply-
toothed lobes like the oblique outer edge ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis
glossy, but scabrous and rather hairy ; sori large, numerous, obversely reniform,
placed in small depressions round the upper and outer edge. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 62.
t. 85. A.

Hab. New Zealand, Norfolk Island, N. S. Wales, and Fiji.— Very variable in the
shape of its pinnules. It is much less compound than A . formosum, and the pinnules are
larger.

28. A. pulchellum, Blume ; st. 6-12 in. 1., erect, naked, polished, nearly black ;
fr. a foot or more each way, with a terminal central pinna 6-9 in. 1., 1| in. br.,
and a few large spreading lateral ones on each side, the lower ones branched again
with 2 to 4 erecto-patent branches ; segm. |-| in. 1., J-§ in. deep, dimidiate, the
lower line upcurved, the upper nearly straight, slightly toothed ; texture cori-
aceous ; rachis tomentose ; sori small, numerous, roundish, placed on the upper
edge.— Hlc. Sp. 2. p. 38. A. Lobbianum, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 61. t. 86. C.

Hab. Java, and gathered also by Milne in Aneiteum. — This comes very near A. fulvum
in the shape, size, and texture of the segments, but is a larger plant with a more hairy
rachis.

29. A. crenatum, Willd. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., polished, blackish, naked or nearly so ;
fr. with a terminal central pinna 6-9 in. 1., and several large erecto-patent lateral
ones on each side, the lowest of which are branched again ; segm. ^-f in. 1., £• in.
deep, dimidiate, the lower line upcurved, the upper nearly straight, slightly crenate ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis slightly tomentose ; sori numerous, round, placed on
the upper and sometimes the outer edge. — A. Wilesianum, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 50.
t. 83. C.

Hab. Mexico and West Indian Islands. — This also comes very near A. tetraphyllum,
but the rachis is only very slightly tomentose, and the main stem is glossy and polished,
and the segments are perhaps more papyraceous in texture. A. politum, H. B. K., is
referred here by Sprengel.

30. A. pectinatum, Kunze ; st. l-|-2 ft. 1., strong, erect, nearly black, scabrous ;
fr. 3-6 ft. 1., 2-3 ft. br., tri- or quadripinnate ; lower pinnae 12-18 in. ]., 6-9 in. br.,
their lower branches with a long terminal pinnule and several erecto-patent
lateral ones, the lowest of which are sometimes branched again ; segm. % in. br.,
less than | in. deep, dimidiate, the lower line straight, the upper slightly rounded,
the point not very blunt ; rachis tomentose ; surfaces naked ; sori suborbicular,
numerous, placed round the upper and outer edge.

Hab. Brazil, Burchell, No. 7416 ; Eastern Peru, Spruce, 4781. — A very fine plant, which
size and habit at once clearly characterize. A. velutinum and Lindeni, described by Mr.
Moore in Gard. Chron. 1866, p. 777, seem to be allied to this species.

31. A. tetraphyllum, Willd. ; st. 6-32 in. L, strong, erect, tomentose ; fr. with
a long terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., and numerous erecto-patent or
spreading lateral ones nearly as large on both sides, so that the frond is not
unfrequently half a yard long by nearly as much broad ; segm. ^-f in. br., J in.
deep, subdimidiate, the lower line straight or somewhat decurved, the upper
nearly parallel, finely toothed, the outer edge very oblique ; texture coriaceous ;
rachis and under surface tomentose ; sori interrupted, marginal, usually trans-
versely oblong or transversely reniform, placed round the upper and outer
edge. — A. prionophvllum, H. B. K. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 21. A. fructuosum, Spr.
Hk. 2. p. 24.

21. ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM. 121

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Brazil ;
gathered also iu West Tropical Africa by Barter, Vogel, and Mann. — I am not prepared
to point out any good character by which A. Cayennense, Willd., and A . Brasiliense,
Raddi, may be distinguished from this widely-diffused and variable species.

***# Oligosorous group. — Frond once or more pinnate, the fruit in continuous
or slightly interrupted marginal lines. Sp. 32-40.

t Segments with a line of fruit on both sides, therefore not dimidiate. Sp. 32-36.

32. A. lucidum, Swartz ; st. 6-9 in. 1., strong, erect, scabrous, tomentose ; fr.
9-15 in. L, 4-8 in. br., simply pinnate, with a large terminal pinna and 6 to 10
lateral ones on each side, or the lowest very slightly branched, 3-4 in. L, ^-1 in.
br., nearly equal-sided, but obliquely truncate at the base below, lanceolate-
acuminate, slightly serrated towards the point ; texture coriaceous ; rachis
densely tomentose ; veins free or anastomosing casually towards the edge, midrib
distinct ; sori in a continuous row along each side. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 4. t. 79. C.

Hab. West Indian Islands and Panama southward to Brazil. — This comes so near the
polysorous A . obliquum in everything but the fruit, that Dr. Grisebach unites them.
A. platyphyllum, Swartz, is a little-known plant allied to this species.

33. A*. Phyttitidis, J. Smith ; st. strong, erect, naked, nearly black, polished,
6-12 in. 1. ; fr. 6-12 in. L, 3-6 in. br., simply pinnate, with a large terminal
lobe, and 1 to 6 pinnae on each side, or the lower pair again branched below ;
pinnce 3-4 in. L, f-1^ in. br., ovate or lanceolate-acuminate, very nearly entire,
narrowed or rather rounded and stalked at the base ; texture coriaceous ; sori in
a continuous line along both margins. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 5. t. 72. B.

Hab. Guiana and Eastern Peru ; gathered by Schomburgk, Spruce, and Appun. — This
comes very near A. lucidum, but the pinnae are fewer in number and broader, and the tex-
ture is thicker, and the venation consequently less distinct. They are the only polyso-
rous species with a distinct midrib, and the shape of the pinnae also characterizes them
clearly.

34. A. macrophyllum, Swartz ; st. 6-12 in. L, strong, erect, polished, naked,
nearly black ; fr. 9-15 in. L, 4-8 in. br., simply pinnate (4 to 6 pairs of pinnae') ;
lower ones of the barren frond 3-4 in. 1., 2 in. br., ovate, so broad at the base that
the opposite ones frequently overlap, the margin rather deeply lobed, fertile ones
narrower ; texture membranaceo-herbaceous ; sori in long continuous or slightly
interrupted marginal lines. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 3. Hk. fy Gr. Ic. t. 132. Hk. F.
Ex. t. 55.

Hab. Mexico and West Indian Islands southward to Brazil and Ecuador. — Occasionally
this fine and well-known species becomes bipinnate in the lower part. The young fronds
are often beautifully tinged with red. Its large equal-sided sessile pinnae mark it
clearly.

35. A. Seemanni, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, blackish, polished ; fr. 6-12 in. L,
simply pinnate or the lower branches compound ; pinnl. 3-4 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br.,
ovate-acuminate, but rather unequal-sided, the barren ones finely serrated, one
side usually cordate at the base, the other obliquely truncate, petioles of the
lowest nearly an inch long ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins prominent and the
under surface glaucous ; rachis naked, polished ; sori in long continuous marginal
lines.— #£. Sp. 2. p. 5. t. 81. A.

Hab. Veraguas and Guatemala ; gathered by Dr. Seemann and Messrs. Salvin and
Godman. — This also is a very fine plant. It comes very near the polysorous A. Peruvi-
anum in habit, but is less branched. The pinnse are larger even than those of A. macro-
pfiyllum, and have black polished stalks often an inch long.

36. A. deltoideum, Swartz ; &. densely tufted, 3-4 in. J., wiry, erect, polished,

Q

122 21. ADIANTTTM, § EUADIANTUM.

naked, dark chesnut-brown ; Jr. 4-6 in. 1., f in. br., with a terminal lobe and
numerous subopposite pairs of pinnae, the lower ones distant, distinctly stalked,
^ in. 1., |-§ in. br., hastate-deltoid, cordate or cuneate at the base ; texture
pellucido-herbaceous ; venation flabellate ; sori in interrupted lines along the
sides of the pinnae, not reaching the rounded apex. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 9.

Hab. West Indian Islands. — Stem casually once branched below. A very clearly-
marked species. The pinnae resemble an ivy-leaf in miniature, but there is no clearly-
defined central midrib.

tf Segments dimidiate, with the line of fruit absent altogether from the lower
margin. Sp. 37-40.

37. A. mUosum, Linn. ; st. 9-12 in. 1., strong, erect, blackish, polished,
tomentose ; fr. with a terminal central and several erecto-patent pinnce on each
side, 6-12 in. 1., l-jr-2 in. br. ; pinnl. dimidiate, about 1 in. 1., \ in. br., the lower
line nearly straight, the upper nearly parallel with it, but considerably larger,
slightly toothed and the outer edge auricled at the base ; texture coriaceous ;
rachises tomentose, both surfaces naked ; sori in a continuous line round the
upper and outer edge. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 18. A. falcatum, Sw. S. F. p. 19.

Hab. West Indies and Panama southward to Brazil. — Easily recognizable by having
the line of fructification continued all along the upper and then usually down the oblique
outer edge. A . oblique-truncatum, Fe*e, seems to be the ordinary form of this species.

38. A. pulverulentwn, L. ; st. 6-12 in. ]., strong, erect, blackish, tomentose ;
fr. with a terminal pinna and several spreading lateral ones on each side, which
are 4-8 in. 1., 1 in. br. ; pinnl. % in. 1., l|-2 lin. deep, dimidiate, the lower line
nearly straight, the upper one nearly parallel, both it and the outer edge finely
toothed ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises tomentose, surfaces naked ; sori in
a continuous line along the lower two-thirds of the upper edge. — Hk. Sp. 2.
p.V.

Hab. West Indies southward to Brazil. — Here the line of fruit does not usually extend
beyond the inner half or two-thirds of the upper margin.

branches

often considerably curved upwards and^toothed in its outer half, the upper one
also more or less falcate and not deeply lobed ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
nearly naked ; sori in a continuous marginal line on the edge of the lower two-
thirds of the upper margin. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 16. A. alarconianum, Gaud.

Hab. West of Mexico and Columbia, Galapagos Island. — Very near A . pulverulentum,
with which it quite agrees in the fruit. The frond is less branched, and the pinnules
are larger and more toothed.

40. A. microphyllum, Kaulf. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., strong, erect, tomentose ; fr. with a
terminal pinna 6-9 in. L, and several erecto-patent lateral ones on each side, the
lowest of which are branched again ; segm. i-f in. 1., £ in. br., unequal-sided,
with a midrib, the lower at first at a right angle with the stem and afterwards
decidedly upcurved, the upper nearly entire, upcurved, so that the segment is
falcate and narrowed to an acute point ; texture coriaceous ; rachis tomentose or
nearly naked ; son in a few elongated patches along the upper edge.— Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 47.

Hab. West Indies, rare. — Very doubtfully distinct from A. pulverulentum. In habit
and general appearance they are identical, but this has the line of fructification slightly
interrupted. Grisebach suggests that this is probably A . pyramidale, Willd.

21. ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM. 123

***** Capillus- Veneris group. Fronds at least bipinnate, segments flahellato-
cuneate, with the petiole near the centre, sori obversely reniform. Sp. 41-51.

41. A. Capillus- Veneris^ L. ; st. suberect, rather slender, 4-9 in. 1., polisheo^
blackish, naked ; fr. with a short terminal and numerous erecto-patent lateral
branches on each side, the lowest slightly branched again ; segm. ^-1 in. br., the
base cuneate, the outer edge rounded, deeply lobed from the circumference in
the direction of the centre, and the lobes again bluntly crenated, lowest petioles
j in. 1. ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; sori
roundish or obreniform, placed in roundish sinuses of the crenations. — Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 36. Brit. F. t. 41. A. pseudo-capillus, I%e, Icon. t. 12. /. 1.

Hab. Europe, from S. W. Britain, Jura, and Tyrol, to Greece, Sicily, and Portugal.
Africa : Abyssinia, Western Islands, Niger Valley, Angola, Cape Colony, Natal, Zam-
besi Land, Mascaren Isles, Barbary States. Asia : Caucasus, Ural, Syria, Persia,
Arabia, Himalayas (up to 6,000 ft.), Bombay, S. E. China and Japan, Polynesian
Islands. America : Florida southward to Venezuela and Amazon Valley. — A. Capillus-
Junonis, Euprecht, has the base of the pinnules somewhat rounded instead of cuneate,
and a very deeply-lobed variety is figured by Hooker Sp. Fil. 2. t. 74. B.

42. A. jSSthiopicum, L. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., rather slender, erect, dark chesnut-brown,
polished, naked ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., deltoid in general outline, tri- or
quadripinnate ; lower pinnl. 3-4 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., deltoid ; ultimate segm. |-|- in.
across, J in. deep, suborbicular, straight or subcuneate or rounded at the base,
the upper part broadly, not deeply lobed ; texture thinly pellucido-herbaceous ;
rachis and surfaces naked; sori' in several roundish or transversely oblong
patches in rounded hollows of the outer edge. — Hie. Sp. 2. p. 37. t. 77. A. A.
assimile, Sw. Hk. Sp. Fil. 12. p. 37. A. emarginatum, Bory, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 39.
t. 75. A.

Hab. Spain ; Africa — Cameroon Mountains at 7,000 ft., Natal, Cape Colony, Abyssinia,
Zambesi Land, Bourbon and Madagascar ; Neilgherries, New Zealand, Temperate and Tro-
pical Australia ; America, from Texas and California southward to Valparaiso and Monte
Video. — Very like A. Capillus- Veneris in general habit, but the segments are more tender,
smaller, broader at the base, and not so deeply lobed. A. Chilense, Kaulf., A. glanduli-
femm, Kunze, A. dilatatum, Nuttall, A. scabrum, Kunze, and A. sulphureum, Kaulf.,
appear to be forms of this with the segments hairy or more or less dusted over with
white or yellow ceraceous dust beneath.

43. A. ezcisum, Kunze ; st. 2-3 in. 1., wiry, chesnut-brown, naked, densely
tufted ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., with numerous flexuose short branches on
each side, the lowest of which are slightly branched again ; segm. 2-3 lin. br.,
broadly cuneate at the base, the upper edge rounded and bluntly lobed ; texture
thin ; rachis naked, polished ; sori 2 to 4, large for the size of the plant,
obversely reniform, placed in distinct hollows on the lobes. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 41.

Hab. Chili. — Perhaps this also should be considered a variety of ^Ethiopicum, but it ia
smaller and more slender, and in habit resembles A. continuum, the lateral branches of
the pinnae being but little developed.

44. A. concinnum, H. B. K. ; st. 4-8 in. 1., polished, blackish, naked ; fr.
1 2-1 8 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate-deltoid, tripinnate ; pinnce numerous, spreading,
flexuose, the lowest 4-6 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; segm. J-f in. across, broadly cuneate
at the base, the upper edge irregularly rounded, deeply lobed and the lobes again
crenate, the lowest segment of each pinna and pinnule large, sessile, adpressed to
the main rachis ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis naked, glossy ; sori
numerous, obversely reniform, placed in distinct hollows of the outer edge. —
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 42. — ]8, subscandens ; fr. 4-5 ft. 1., subscandent.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico to the West Indies, southward to Peru and
Brazil. — /3 is a plant collected by Spruce at the foot of Mount Chimborazo (No. 5706),

124 21. ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM.

which seems strikingly different from the normal form in habit, but resembles it closely
in other respects. In the shape and size of the pinnules this species is not strikingly
different from A. Capillus-Veneris, but is pinnately branched very regularly and copiously,
and even when the pinnae are furnished with long pinnules, there is an almost sessile
single segment at the base adpressed to the main rachis.

45. A. colpodes, Moore ; st. 4-6 in. 1. ; slender, glossy, dark chesnut-brown,
polished, slightly nbrillose ; fr. 9-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., deltoid in general outline,
tripinnate ; lower pinnae spreading at right angles from the rachis, 2-3 in. 1.,
\\ in. br., only slightly branched below ; ultimate segm. about ^ in. 1., J in. br.,
the lower line often straight for some distance, the upper irregularly rounded,
lobed, and toothed, all nearly or quite sessile ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ;
rachises and both surfaces naked ; sori placed in distinct teeth of the outer edge,
the invol. obversely reniform. — Gardn. (Jhron. 1865.

Hab. Ecuador and Peru. — This has much of the regularly-pinnate habit of A. concin-
num, with which it also agrees in its nearly sessile segments, which in shape resemble
more nearly those of A. JEthiopicum, showing, however, more of a tendency to the
truncate-dimidiate type of form.

46. A. tenerum, Swartz ; st. 1 ft. high, erect, naked, glossy ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1., 9-18 in.
br., deltoid, tri- or quadripinnate ; segm. \-\ in. br., cuneate or tending towards
rhomboidal-dimidiate in shape, the upper edge rounded or somewhat angular,
broadly and often rather deeply lobed, all stalked ; texture very thin ; rachis
naked and glossy, surfaces naked ; sori placed in numerous roundish or trans-
versely oblong patches in the lobes of upper half. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 45.

Hab. Mexico and West Indian Islands southward to Juan Fernandez and Peru. —
Resembling A. Capillus- Veneris, but a larger and more branched plant, the segments
smaller, more delicate, and less lobed, easily falling from the apex of the petiole when
dry. The ramification is much more straggling and confused than^in A. concinnum, and
the lower segments have stalks half as long as themselves. A. Farleyense, Moore, appears
to be an abnormal form of this species of garden origin.

47. A. cuneatum, Langs. & Fisch. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, erect, blackish, naked,
polished ; fr. 9-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., deltoid, tri- or quadripinnate ; lower pinnae
4-6 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; segm. numerous, ^-| in.-br., cuneate at the base, the upper
edge deeply lobed ; texture thin ; rachis naked ; sori 4 to 6, obversely reniform,
placed in distinct hollows in the lobes of the outer edge. — Hk. tip. 2. p. 39.
Hk. & Gr. t. 30.

Hab. Brazil. — This also comes near ^Ethiopicum, but" is a larger and more branched
plant, with numerous pinnae, pinnules, and segments, the latter usually distinctly cuneate
in the lower half.

48. A. glaueophyllum, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., blackish, glossy, erect, naked ; fr.
12-24 in. 1., 9-15 in. br., deltoid, quadripinnate ; lower pinnae 6-9 in. 1., 3-6 in.
br,, deltoid, erecto-patent ; segm. f in. br., cuneate at the base, the upper edge
irregularly rounded, more or less lobed ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachises
glossy ; veins prominent, under side glaucous ; sori 4 to 6, obversely reniform,
placed in distinct hollows in the apex of the lobes of the upper edge. — Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 40. Cent. 61.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala. — Very near A. cuneatum. The principal difference is in
the more rigid texture and more prominent venation, and this is only known in North,
the other in South America.

49. A. fragile, Swartz ; st. tufted, very short, polished, glabrous, blackish ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-6 in. br., with numerous pinnae, the lowest of which are

branched again ; segm. articulated at the base, very deciduous, £ in. br., cuneate
in the lower half, the upper edge rounded, broadly lobed ; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous ; rachis naked ; sori obversely reniform, 2 to 4, placed in distinct

21. ADIANTUM, § EUADIANTUM. 125

hollows in the lobes of the upper edge. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 41. Ic. PL t. 965. A.
parvifolium, Fee.

Hab. West Indian Islands. — The segments are so deciduous that they have entirely!
fallen from nearly all the specimens in the Hookerian Herbarium, so that nothing
remains but a dense tuft of rigid stems with numerous slender glossy branches. In shape
the segments most resemble those of cuneatum, but they are smaller and less lobed.

50. A. venustum, Don ; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, erect, wiry, naked, polished ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., deltoid, tri- or quadripinnate ; pinnae erecto-patent,
the lower ones deltoid ; segm. J in. across, cuneate at the base, the upper edge
irregularly rounded, sometimes broadly lobed, finely toothed ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis naked ; sori 1 to 3, large, roundish, placed in distinct hollows
of the upper edge. — Hk. tip. 2. p. 40. t. 96. B. A. microphyllum, Roxb.

Hab. Afghanistan and Himalayas up to 7-8,000 ft. — The more rigid texture, the small
numerous scarcely lobed segments and few large sori, will clearly distinguish this from
the preceding.

51. A. monochlamys, Eaton ; st. 6-9 in. 1., wiry, erect, glossy, dark chesnut-
brown, naked ; fr. 6-] 2 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., ovate-deltoid, tripinnate ; pinnce rather
distant, rigid, erecto-patent ; segm. % in. br., cuneate at the base, the upper edge
rounded, slightly toothed ; texture coriaceous ; rachis naked ; sori single or very
rarely two, placed in a decided hollow of the upper edge. — Hk. 2nd Cent. F. t. 50.
A. Veitchii, Ilance, Ann. £>c. Nat. Ser. 4. v. 15. p. 238.

Hab. Discovered by the American Exploring Expedition under Capts. Ringgold and
Rogers in Japan, and since gathered there by Mr. J. G-. Veitch and by Mr. Wilford in
Tsus-Sima. — It comes near A. venustum, but seems to be truly distinct.

Scandentes group. Stems scandent, several feet long, tri- or quadri-
pinnate. Sp. 52-53.

52. A. digitatum, Presl ; st. 12-18 in. 1., erect, blackish, glossy, nearly naked ;
fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., furnished with numerous distant spreading or erecto-

patent branches, which grow gradually shorter upwards, the lowest of which are
branched again, the pinnse being 6-9* in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; segm. f-1 in. each way,
varying from deflexed to cuneate at the base, the upper edge rounded, deeply cut
from the circumference towards the centre, and the lobes again less deeply cut,
the lower ones distinctly stalked ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachises naked,
glossy ; sori in lines along the edge of the lobes all round, except the base. —
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 39. A. speciosum, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 45. t. 85. C.

Hab. Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador.

53. A. Feei, Moore; st. 12-18 in. 1., strong, scandent, brownish-black,
tomentose ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., tripinnate, the main and secondary
rachises zigzag, all the branches firm and spreading at a right angle ; lower
pinnce 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl. 1-2 in. 1., | in. br., consisting of a terminal
segment and several distant staiked suborbicular-cuneate lateral ones ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachises densely brown-tomentose ; sori marginal, roundish or
transversely oblong, more than half a line deep, — A. flexuosum, Hk. 2nd Cent.
t. 61.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.

****** Pedatum group. Fronds not pinnately branched, but dichotomously
forked, with numerous pinnce springing from the upper side of each of the two
branches. Sp. 54-56.

54. A.pedatum, Linn. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., polished, dark chesnut-brown, glabrous ;
fr. dichotomous, with the main divisions flabellately branched ; central pinnce

126 21. ADIANIUM, § EUADIANTUM.

6-9 in. 1., 1-1^ in br. ; pinnl. |-| in. 1., £ in. deep, dimidiate, broadest on the
side nearest the stem, the upper and outer margin lobed, sometimes one-third
down, the lowest on short slender stalks ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; rachises
and surface naked; sori roundish or transversely oblong, 1-2 lin. br. — Hk.
Sp. 2. p. 55.

Hab. North Hindostan, ascending to 7-9,000 ft., Japan, Mantchuria, Unalaschka,
and Canada southward to Virginia and California. — In this the main forks curve
gracefully, and have from 4 to 6 branches, each springing from the upper side, the central
ones of which are most developed.

55. A. tetragonum, Schrad.' ; st. 6-12 in. 1., polished, blackish, glabrous ; fr.
dichotomous, with main divisions again once or twice forked ; pinnoe 8-12 in. 1.,
2-3 in. br. ; pinnl. 1 j-1^ in. 1., f~|- in. deep, not truly dimidiate, but only the
lower two-thirds of the under half cut away, the upper margin rounded and
broadly lobed, with the lobes finely toothed and point often lengthened out ;
texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked ; sori linear or trans-
versely oblong, placed round the upper edge, and sometimes also the outer third
of the lower one.— Ilk. Sp. 2. p. 28. A. curvatum, Raulf. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 29.
t. 84. C.

Hab. Brazil. — Easily recognizable from the preceding by the difference in the branch-
ing and by the pinnules not being quite unilateral. A. Lindscea, Cav., A. humile,
Kunze, and A. angmtatum, Kaulf., are little-known pedate plants.

56. A. patens, Willd. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, dark chesnut-brown, polished, but
slightly tomentose ; fr. dichqtomously branched, and the branches once or twice
branched again ; central pinnae 6-9 in. 1., 1^ in. br. ; pinnl. ^-f in. 1., j in. deep,
dimidiate, the two sides nearly parallel, the upper one broadly and bluntly
lobed, and the outer blunt and lobed also ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachises
slightly tomentose, under surface slightly hairy ; sori placed round the upper
and outer edge, obversely reniform, and placed in distinct small rounded hollows.
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 29. t. 87. A.

Hab. Mexico, southward to Ecuador and Galapagos Islands. — The large horny sub-
orbicular involucres, sometimes ^ in. br. and nearly as deep, distinguish this readily from
the other plants of the group.

57. A. hispidulum, Swartz; st. 6-15 in. 1., strong, erect, polished, dark
chesnut-brown, scabrous ; fr. dichotomous, with the main divisions flabellately
branched ; central pinnoe 6-9 in. 1., ^-1 in. br. ; pinnl. f -f in. 1., 2-4 lin. br.,
dimidiate, subrhomboidal, rather broader on the side nearest the stem, the outer
edge bluntly rounded or oblique, upper and outer margin finely toothed, lower
ones slightly stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises and both surfaces hispid ;
sori roundish, numerous, contiguous round the upper and outer edge. — HJc. Sp. 2.
p. 31. A. pubescens, Schk.

Hab. Asia — Neilgherries and Ceylon eastward to Fiji, southward to N. S. Wales and
New Zealand ; Africa— Bourbon, Mauritius, Zambesi Land, banks of the Niger. — Easily
distinguished from the other species by its densely pubescent segments and rachises.

58. A. flabelhdatum, Linn. ; st. erect, strong, polished, blackish, naked ; fr.
dichotomously branched and the branches once or twice branched again ; central
pinnae 4-8 in. 1., f in. br. ; pinnl. about 4 lin. br., 3 lin. deep, dimidiate, the
lower edge nearly straight, the upper rounded, the outer blunt, both entire or
slightly toothed ; texture coriaceous, rachises and surfaces naked ; sori in several
transversely oblong patches round the upper and outer edge.i — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 30.
A. amcenum, Hk. & Gr. t. 103.

Hab. Hindostan from the Himalayas to Ceylon, Japan, S. China, Malayan Peninsula
and Islands. — The pinnules are larger and broader than those of A . hispidulum, and only
the rachis is finely pubescent.

22. OCHROPTERIS. 127

§§ Hewardia, J. Smith. — Veins anastomosing. Sp. 59-62.

59. A. (Hew.) Hewardia, Kunze ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, blackish, glossy, naked ;_
fr. simply pinnate or bipinnate, with a terminal pinna and 2 to 4 lateral ones on
each side, the lowest pair of branches sometimes with 2 to 4 pinnules each ;
pinnl. 3-4 in. 1., |-1 in. br., nearly equal-sided except at the base, ovate-lan-
ceolate, very nearly entire ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis polished, naked ;
veins copiously anastomosing, midrib distinct, blackish ; sori in continuous lines
along both edges. -^-HJc. Sp. 2. p. 7. Hewardia adiantoides, J. Smith.

Hab. Guiana.— The texture of the frond is thinner than in the next species, and the
veins are more distinct and copiously and conspicuously reticulated.

60. A. (Hew.) dolosum, Kunze ; st. 6-12 in. 1., erect, polished, blackish,
slightly hairy ; Jr. 9-12 in. 1., 6-12 in. br., simply pinnate, with a large terminal
pinna and 2 to 6 subsessile lateral ones on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1., 1-2 in.
br., ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly entire ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis hairy, veins inconspicuous and only uniting towards the edge, midrib
black, distinct ; sori in continuous lines along both edges. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 6. t. 79.
B. A. Wilsoni, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 6. t. 72. A.

Hab. Jamaica, Guatemala, Panama, Granada, Guiana, and Brazil. — Scarcely deserving
a place in Hewardia, and, except in venation, the resemblance of the plant is altogether
to A. lucidum and Phyllitidis.

61. A. (Hew.) olivaceum, Baker ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, glossy, blackish, naked ;
fr. about 1 ft. each way, with a terminal central pinna and one nearly equalling
it on each side ; pinnae with a large terminal pinnule and several stalked lateral
ones on each side, which are 4-5 in. 1., about f in. br., lanceolate-acuminate,
equal-sided, but obliquely truncate at the base below, broadly lobed throughout ;
texture papyraceo-herbaceous, the rachis slightly tomentose ; veins conspicuous
and copiously anastomosing, the midrib distinct, black, glossy ; sori in linear
patches £ in. br. in the lobes on each side.

Hab. British Guiana, Appun, No. 646. — This resembles A. Hewardia in texture and
venation, differing in the branching and sori.

62. A. (Hew.) Leprieurii, Ilk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, naked, blackish, glossy ;
fr. 9-15 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., deltoid tripinnate, with a terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., 2 in.

br., and 2 or 3 branches on each side, the lowest of which are branched again ;
pinnl. 1-l^r in. 1., ^-| in br., subdimidiate, the lower line curved so that the
inner part of the lower half is cut away, the upper edge rounded, the point
bluntish or acuminate ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis tomentose ; veins
anastomosing but not copiously, no distinct midrib ; sori in linear patches
I-! in. across on the broad lobes of the upper edge and outer part of the lower
edge.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 31. t. 82. B.

Hab. Guiana; gathered by Leprieur, Schomburgk, and Appun. — Easily distin-
guished from the other three by the subdimidiate pinnules without any distinctly-defined
midrib.

GEN. 22. OCHROPTERIS, J. Sm.

Sori marginal, transversely oblong, occupying the apices of the lobes of the
segments. Invol. the same shape as the sorus, formed of the reflexed margin of
the frond, with which it coincides in texture and covering the sorus. A single
Mauritian species with free veins, and the texture and habit of an ample decompound
Davallia. TAB. II. f. 22.

1. Q.pallens, J. Smith ; st. 2 ft. 1., pale straw-coloured, naked ; fr. about the
same length, about 1 ft. br., deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnl. 3-4 in. L,

128 23. LONCHITIS. 24. HYPOLEPIS.

2 in. br., their segm. cut down to the rachis below, with oblong toothed lower
lobes ; texture coriaceous. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 54. t. 77. B.

Hab. Mauritius.

GEN. 23. LONCHITIS, Linn.

Sori marginal, placed in the sinuses of the frond, more or less distinctly
reniform but often considerably elongated. Invol. the same shape as the sorus
and covering it, membranous 'in texture, formed from the reflexed margin.
TAB. II. f. 23. United by Mettenius with Pteris, from which it differs only by the
position of the sori.

1. L. pubescens, Willd. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, erect, densely clothed with
woolly pubescence ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., deltoid, tripinnatifid, cut down to the rachis
except towards the apex; lower pinnce sometimes 12-18 in. L, 9-12 in. br. ;
pinnl. lanceolate, cut down nearly to the rachis below, with blunt, oblong,
sinuated segm.; rachis and under surface, especially the midrib, tomentose ;
veins copiously anastomosing into irregular hexagonal areolse ; sori placed round
the main sinuses of the pinnules and in two or three of the hollows of the
segments on each side. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 56.— j3, L. glabra, Bory ; fr. thinner in
texture and less hairy.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 57. L. Natalensis, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 57.
t. 89. B.

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, Jobanna Island, Seychelles, Natal, Cape Colony, and in
West Tropical Africa on the Cameroon Mountains and the islands of Fernando Po and
St. Thomas. — I cannot point out any character by which the South American plant,
gathered in the Caraccas by Linden (L. Lindeniana, Hook.), may be distinguished ; and
that from Madagascar (L. Madagascariensis, Hook.) only differs by having the lower
segments of the pinnules distinctly separated, or even stalked, bluntly rounded at the
point, and scarcely at all lobed. The venation is identical in all the forms. L. aurita, L.,
taken up from Plumier, is no doubt this, figured with a muricated stem by mistake.

2. L. occidentals, Baker ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, erect, naked ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1.,
deltoid, tripinnatifid, cut down to the rachis except very near the apex ; lower
pinnce 12-18 in. L, 9 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down
below about three-quarters of the way to the rachis into blunt oblong lobes ;
rachis and both surfaces naked ; main veins forked at a broad angle towards the
apex, but only anastomosing rarely, and the lowest vein from the midribs of the
lobes sometimes meeting so as to form a costal arch ; sori reniform, placed in the
sinuses at the base or along the margin of the ultimate lobes.

Hab. Gathered by Dr. Welwitsch in Angola (No. 132), by Barter at Fernando Po, and
by Gustave Mann, at an elevation of 4,000 ft., on the Cameroon Mountains. The naked
surfaces and rachis and only casually anastomosing venation will distinguish this clearly
from the preceding, and the lateral sinuses of the lobes in which the sori are placed are
not nearly so distinct, and in the lower lobes of the pinnule there is often no sorus at
the base.

GEK. 24. HYPOLEPIS, Bernh.

Sori marginal, placed usually in the sinuses of the frond, small, subglobose,
uniform, distinct. Invol. the same shape as the sorus and covering it, mem-
branous in texture, formed out of the reflexed margin. This genus seems only
intelligible as distinct when restricted to those species which have equal roundish sori
placed in the sinuses of the ultimate divisions of the frond. In this sense it is
employed here, which excludes several plants placed under it in the Species Filicum.
TAB. II. f. 24.

24. IIYPOLEPIS, § EUHYPOLEPIS. 129

§ Euhypolepis. Rhizome wide- creeping, fronds ample, tri- or quadripinnatifid.
Sp. 1-10.

1. H. tenuifolia, Bernh. ; rhizome wide-creeping, puberulous ; st. 1 ft. 1.,
strong, erect, slightly asperous, naked or pubescent; fr. 4-5 ft. 1., quadri-
pinnatifid ; lower pinnae ovate-acuminate, 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br. ; pinnl. lan-
ceolate ; segm. rather distant, 1-1^ in. 1., ^ in. br., lanceolate, cut down to
the rachis into numerous linear-oblong toothed ultimate divisions ; texture
herbaceous ; rachises tomentose, the costa and sometimes the surface beneath
slightly hairy and glandular ; sori 2 to 6 to an ultimate division, placed at the
sinuses of the teeth. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 60. t. 89. C. and 90. A. H. dicksonioides,
We. Sp. 1. c. H. pallida, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 64.

Hab. Java, Polynesian Islands, New Zealand, Australia, Norfolk Island. — Closely
allied to this are a number of Javan forms, deseribed as species by Blume and Kunze, for
which I cannot give distinctive characteristics ; viz., 0. setigera, alpina, resinifera, poly-
podioides, javanica, and pallida of the former, rudis and stenophylla of the latter author.
For an account of these, reference may be made to Blume's " Flora," Hooker's " Species
Eilicum," and the volume of the " Linnaea" for 1848. H. resistens and amaurorachis of
Kunze are referred by Mettenius to Polypodium rugulosum.

2. H. distans, Hk. ; st. 6 in. high, slender, flexuose, chesnut-brown, naked,
slightly asperous ; fr. about 1 ft. 1., 4-5 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, bipinnate ;
pinnce spreading at right angles with the rachis, distant, especially the lower
ones, lanceolate, 2-3 in. 1., ^ in. br. ; pinnl. oblong, the lower ones approaching
to deltoid, cut about halfway down ; texture herbaceous ; rachis scabrous but not
tomentose ; sori small, 2 to 4 to a pinnule, placed in the lower sinuses. — Hk.
Sp. 2. p. 70. t. 95. C.

Hab. New Zealand. — Habit of a slender form of Athyrium fllix-foemina.

3. H. anthriscifolia, Presl ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, erect, straw-coloured, naked
but rather rough, with small raised points ; fr. ample, quadripinnatifid ; lower
pinnce deltoid-lanceolate, 1 ft. or more 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, rather
distantly placed, the segm. cut down to the rachis into small oblong deeply
pinnatifid ultimate divisions 2 lin. 1., \ lin. br. ; texture thinly herbaceous ;
rachis and under surface slightly hairy ; sori 2 or 4 to each of the ultimate
divisions, placed in the lower sinuses. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 66. t. 95. A.

Hab. Bourbon, Mauritius, Cape Colony, Fernando Po. — The fronds are said by Bojer,
who called \i Adiantum datum, to be from 10 to 18 feet in length. H. elata, Presl,
and H. aspera, Presl, appear to be forms of this species. This is generally a more flaccid
and more finely-cut plant than If. repens and tenuifolia; but some of the Fernando Po
specimens have the rachis brown and very rough.

4. H. repens, Presl ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, erect,, naked or puberulous, straw-
coloured, more or less densely prickly ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., quadripinnatifid ; lower
pinnce 1-2 ft, 1., 6-12 in. br,, ovate-acuminate ; pinnl. about 6 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br.,
lanceolate ; segm. oblong- lanceolate, blunt, cut down nearly to the rachis into
numerous bluntish lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachises like the main stem ; sori
2 to 6 to a segm., placed at the sinuses. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 64. t, 90. C. — /3, inermis,
Hk. ; st. and rachis not at all prickly.

Hab. Tropical America, frcfm the West Indies southward to Brazil and Peru.

5. H. nigrescens, Hk. ; st. 12-18 in. 1., strong, erect, glabrous, rather thickly
armed with strong prickles ; fr. ample, quadripinnatifid ; pinnae numerous,
spreading from the main rachis at right angles, the lowest 1 ft. 1., 6 in. br. ;
pinnl. 3-4 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br,, lanceolate, spreading or even deflexed ; segm. ovate-
oblong, cut down to the rachis below ; texture herbaceous ; rachises like the main

R

] 30 24. HYPOLEPIS, § EUHYPOLEPIS.

stem ; under surface nearly naked ; sori small, placed at the b.tse of the sinuses.
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 66. t. 90. C.

Hab. Jamaica, Martinique, Venezuela, and banks of the Amazon. — Cuming's Philip-
pine plant, referred here in " Species Filicum," is Dicksonia Molaccana.

6. II. hostilis, Presl ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., erect, tomentose, scabrous ; Jr. ample,
quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnce 6-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., ovate-lanceolate ; pinnl.
lanceolate ; segm. £-£ in. 1.; £ in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis throughout
into numerous linear-oblong toothed ultimate divisions ; texture thinly herba-
ceous ; rachises tomentose ; sori very small, placed against the sinuses of the
ultimate divisions. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 69.

Hab. Jamaica, Cocos Island, and Peru. — A more delicate plant than H. repens, with
smaller and more deeply divided ultimate lobes, in which respect, as well as in general
habit, it very closely resembles the South African If. anthriscifolia.

7. H. Purdieana, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, strong1, bright-brown, scabrous ;
Jr. 9-12 in. l.,.3-4 in. br., lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; largest pinnce 2 in. 1., 1 in.

br., lanceolate-deltoid, cut down below to a narrowly-winged rachis, into
numerous linear-oblong deeply crenato-pinnatifid pinnules; texture herbaceous ;
rachis scabrous and densely clothed with brown filiform scales ; cofta also
paleaceous ; sori nearly a line across, roundish, placed against the sinuses of the
pinnules.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 69. t. 91. B.

Hab. New Granada ; gathered by Mr. Purdie. — I give this and the six preceding
species with great doubt as to how far they are distinct from one another, and with a,
suspicion that some of them at least, like other plants which have been placed in Hypo-
lepis, will prove not really distinct from Polypodium ruc/ulosum. With regard to the
present one, for instance, Dr. Grisebach writes ( blora Brit. West Indies, p. 67), " Not to be
distinguished from P. rugulosum but by the specially transformed involucral appendages,
and probably passing into that widely-ranging species." Sir W. Hooker has expressed
the same doubt with regard to II. distant; and reference may be made also, in connec-
tion with the same point, to Dr. Hooker's remarks in the Floras of New Zealand and
Tasmania.

8. 1J. parattelogramma, Hk. ; st. 2-4 ft. 1., strong, scabrous and prickly, but
scarcely pubescent; fr. 10-20 ft. 1., deltoid ; pinnce 1-3 ft. 1., ovate-lanceolate;
pinnl. 6-9 in. 1., not much over 1 in. br., linear-lanceolate, with numerous linear-
oblong segm. about 9 lin. ]., 3 lin. br., which are si nuato- dentate and have about
their own breadth between them ; texture subcoriaceons ;'racMses like the stipes ;
sori sometimes 12 to a segm., placed at the sinuses. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. Co. t. 98. A.
-Cheilanth.es scabra, Karst. C. Radula, Kunze.

Hab. Tropical America, from Guatemala southward to Brazil and Peru. — The segments
are much larger than in any of the preceding, more coriaceous in texture, with the sides
parallel for some distance and the point blunt, the veins beneath prominent.

9. H. millefolium) Ilk. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping ; st. about 6 in. I., erect,
pale-brown, glossy, scarcely scabrous; fr. I ft. or more 1., 4-6 in. br., ovate-
triangular, quadripinnatind ; lower pinnce erecto-patent, 4-6 in. 1., 1-2 in. br. ;
pinnl. ovate-deltoid, their segm. cut down nearly to the rachis into several small
sharply-toothed lobes; texture herbaceous, under surface of the frond slightly
hairy ; rachises of the pinna? winged ; sori small, roundish, placed in the lower
sinuses.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 68. t. 95. B.

Hab. New Zealand. — A much smaller plant than H. tenuifolia, with the ultimate
segments more frequently and sharply toothed.

10. H. Bergiana, Ilk. ; st. tufted, 2 ft. L, strong, erect, dark chesnut-brown,
tomentose ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., deltoid, quadripinnatind ; pinnce deltoid ;
pinnl. ovate-deltoid ; segm. ovate, £-{ in. 1., J-f in. br., cut down to the rachis

25. CHEILANTHES, § ADIANTOPSIS. 131

into oblong blunt-toothed ultimate divisions; texture thinly herbaceous ; rachis
rig-id, zizgag, dark-brown, tomentose, and the under surface of the frond hairy ;
sori very smnll, placed in the sides of the lobes of the segments or ultimate
divisions. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 67.

Hab. Cape Colony, Kaffraria. Natal, and Zambesi Land. — A well-marked plant.
§§ Aspidotis, Nuttall. Fronds small, densely tufted, Sp. 11.

11. IT. (Aspid.) Californica, Hk. ; st. densely tufted, about 6 in. 1., strong-,
erect, brown, glossy ; fr. about 3 in. each way, deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lower
pinnae deltoid, the pinnl. of the lower side much larger than the others, cut down
to the rachis into numerous segm., which are again very sharply cut nearly to
the centre ; texture subcoriaceous ; racliises naked, glossy, dark-brown ; sori
roundish, 2 to G to a segm., placed at the base of the sinuses. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 71.
t. 88. A.

Hab. California. — This has quite the habit of the more finely-divided coriaceous species
of Eucheilanthes (C. tenuifolia, &c.).

GEN. 25. CHEILANTHES, Swarlz.

Sori terminal or nearly so on the veins, at first small, subglobose, afterwards
more or less confluent. Invol. formed from the changed reflexed margin,
roundish and distinct, or more or less confluent., but not quite continuous.
TAB. III. f. 25. A considerable genus., with many species extending beyond the
tropics, the fronds mostly under a foot long, often under six inches, tri- or quadripin-
natifid, subcoriaeeous in texture. Veins free in all the species. Adiantopsis differs
from Hypolepis in habit and the position of the sori, and Eucheilanthes from
Pelicea and Pteris, by its more or less interrupted involucres. It is very difficult to
draw the line between Cheilanthes and Nothochlasna, which is the corresponding
non-indusiate genus.

§ Adiantopsis, Fee. Involucres distinct, roundish, confined to the apex of a single
veinlet. Sp. 1-13.

1. C. (Adiant.) monticola, Gardn. ; st. densely tufted, under 1 in. 1., naked,
wiry, polished, blackish ; fr. 3-4 in. 1., ^ in. br., linear-lanceolate, simply
pinnate ; pinnae J-f in. 1., J in. br., oblong, obtuse, auricled at the base on the
upper side ; texture herbaceous ; rachis naked ; sori small, numerous, roundish.
—Gard. in Hk. Ic. PI. t. 477. Hypolepis Gardneri, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 74. t. 92. B.

Hab. Brazil, province of Goyaz ; discovered by Mr. Gardner. — The only simply pinnate-
species of the subgenus.

2. C. (Adiant.) pteroides, Swz. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., strong, erect, polished, dark
chesnut-brown, naked ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., deltoid, tripinnate, upper part
simply pinnate, lower with several opposite pairs of wiry erecto-patent branches
growing gradually larger downwards, the lowest often again branched ; segm.
^-f in. 1., |-f in. br., oblong, entire, broadly rounded at both ends, sessile ~
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis polished, naked, both surfaces naked ; sori small,
roundish, distinct but contiguous. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 80. t. 101. A.

Hab. Cape Colony, on mountains from 1-3,000 ft., and found also in Java. — Closely
resembles in habit some of the Platylomce.

3. C. (Adiant.) regularis, Mett. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., densely clothed with ferru-
ginous hairs ; fr. 6-8 in. 1., lanceolate- oblong, bipinnate ; pinna? spreading from
the rachis at right angles, the lowest 2 in." 1., oblong-obtuse ; pinnl. 4-5 lin. 1.,
stalked, oblong-rhomboidal, cuneate at the base below, truncate or auriclect

132 25. CHEILANTHES, § ADIANTOPSIS.

above, slightly crenate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis pubescent like the stipe ;
sori roundish, placed at intervals round the edge of the pinnules. — Adiantum,

Kunze.

Hab. Brazil ; gathered by Beyrich and Bongard. — We have not seen this, and our
description is an abstract of that of Prof. Mettenius.

4. C. (Adiant.) paupercula, Mett. ; st. tufted, wiry, slender, erect, 4-6 in. ].,
dark chesnnt-brown, glossy, naked ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., triangular-
acuminate in general outline, simply pinnate half or one-third of the way down,
with 2 to 4 erecto-patent pinnae on each side of the lower half ; pinnl. 3 lin. 1.,
Ij lin. br., oblong, scarcely toothed ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis like the stipe ;
sori 1 to 3 to a segment, small, roundish. — Hypolepis, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 73. t. 88. C.

Hab. Cuba ; gathered by Linden and Wright.

5. C. (Adiant.) radiata, R. Br. ; st. tufted, 12-18 in. 1., strong, erect, wiry,
glossy, blackish, polished ; pinnae 6 to 9, all radiating from a common centre
like the spokes of a wheel, with a whorl of bract-like segments at the axis, the
longest 6-9 in. 1., f-1 in. br. ; pinnl. numerous, close, \ in. 1., 1-1^ lin. br.,
unequal-sided, truncate at the base below, auricled at the base above ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis glossy, naked ; sori small, very numerous, placed along
both margins of the entire pinnules. — Hypolepis radiata, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 72.
£.91. A.

Hab. Tropical America, from the West Indies and Mexico southward to Peru and Eio
Janeiro.

6. C. (Adiant.) Capensis, Swz. ; st. tufted, erect, 4-6 in. 1., naked, dark
chesnut-brown ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., ovate-deltoid, bipinnatifid ; lower pinnae
much the largest ; pinnl. on the lower side larger than the others, ovate, bluntish,
1 in. 1., £ in. br., cut down below to a narrowly-winged rachis into oblong
blunt nearly entire s<?£w». 3-4 1. lin., 2 lin. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis polished,
chesnut-brown ; under surface naked, bright-green ; sori small, placed all round
the edge of the segments ; invol. ciliated.— Hypolepis, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 72. t. 77. C.

Hab. Cape Colony. — This and the next differ from all the others by their more herba-
ceous texture.

7. C. (Adiant.) KirJcii, Hk. ; st. densely tufted, 6-9 in. 1., erect, chesnut-
brown, polished, naked, but fibrillose towards the base ; fr. 4-6 in. each way,
deltoid, bipinnatifid, the upper pairs of pinnae narrowly decurrent, the lower
pair much the largest and the pinnl. of the lower side much larger than those of
the upper, 1-1^ in. 1., lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, cut down nearly to] the
rachis into several linear-oblong segm., with about their own breadth between
them ; texture herbaceous ; rachis dark chesnut-brown, both surfaces nearly
naked ; sori numerous, small, roundish, marginal, contiguous but not confluent.
— Hk. 2nd Cent. F. t. 81.

Hab. Gathered by Dr. Kirk in Zambesi Land on rocks in the Moramballa Mountains
at an elevation of from 2-3,500 ft., and by Dr. Welwitsch in Angola. — This has entirely
the habit and other characters of Pellcea geraniifolia, but the fructification is that of this
section of Cheilanthes.

8. C. (Adiant.) pedata, A. Br. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. ]., wiry, erect, naked, dark
chesnut-brown, glossy ; fr. about 6 in. each way, ternately divided, the central
portion triangular-acuminate, with numerous linear-lanceolate pinnl., growing
gradually larger downwards, the lateral portions lanceolate, with the lowest
pinnl. on each side 1-2 in. 1., pinnate ; segm. 3-4 lin. 1., 1-1^ lin. br., oblong,
narrowed suddenly to a point, auricled at the base above ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis dark-coloured and polished like the stipe ; sori numerous, placed round

25. CHEILANTHES, § ADIANTOPSIS. 133

both edges of the segments, small, roundish. — Hypolepis, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 73,
t. 92. A.

Hab. Jamaica ; discovered by Mr. Purdie.

9. C. (Adiant.) dichotomy Swartz ; st. densely tufted, slender, 4-6 in. 1.,
polished, naked, dark chesnut-brown ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., oblong, tri- or
quadripinnate, the main rachis very slender, zigzag, the secondary ones the
same, spreading at right angles ; pinnae 2-3 in. 1., deltoid ; pinnl. lanceolate-
oblong, cut down to the rachis into a few ternately-divided roundish or oblong
segm. or even again slightly branched at the base ; ult. divisions ^ in. each way ;
rachis naked and polished, both surfaces naked ; sori small, roundish, marginal,
distinct.— #£. Sp. 2. p. 104. t. 102. B.

Hab. Quito, Brazil, and Uraguay. — Very different from all the others in manner of
growth, &c.

10. C. (Adiant.) Seemanni, Hk. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., strong, wiry, erect,
dark chesnut-brown, fibrillose below ; fr. 4-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
tripinnatifid ; pinnce in numerous nearly opposite pairs, the lowest 1^-2 in. 1.,
| in. br., lanceolate ; the pinnl. oblong-lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces nearly naked ; sori roundish,
1 to 4 to the segments, lateral, not confluent ; invol. pale-brown. — Hk. Sp. Fil. 2.
p. 85. t. 97. A.

Hab. Sierra Madre, N,W. Mexico ; discovered by Dr. Seemann. — This may be a form
of C. microphylla, from which it differs only in its distinct involucres.

11. C. (Adiant.) Schimperi, Hk. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., erect, wiry, naked,
chesnut-brown, glossy ; fr. 3-4 in. 1., nearly as broad, deltoid, quadripinnatifid ;
lower pinnce much the largest ; pinnl. lanceolate- deltoid, ult. divisions linear,
acute, entire or toothed, 2 lin. 1., less than | lin. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis glossy, naked ; sori numerous, small, placed along both margins of the
ult. divisions.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 70.

Hab. Abyssinia ; discovered by Schimper.— Habit of Hypolepis Californica and Chd-
lanthes tenuifolia.

12. C. (Adiant.) incisa, Kunze ; st. 1-2 in. ]., erect, polished, naked, dark-
brown; fr. 2 in. 1., 1 in. br., ovate-deltoid, tripinnatifid ; lower pinnce 1 in. 1.,
cut down to the rachis into several oblong pinnl. ; segm. narrow, linear, sharp-
pointed ; texture subcoriaceous ; sori few, distant, marginal, roundish or trans-
versely oblong. — Mett. Cheil. No. 65. t. 3./. 28-31.

Hab. South of Brazil, fide Mettenius. — There is no specimen of this in the Hookerian
Herbarium, but it is carefully figured and described by Prof. Mettenius, and seems a
very distinct plant.

13. C. (Adiant.) chlorophylla, Swz. ; rhizome stout, paleaceous ; st. contiguous,
12-18 in. 1., strong, erect, polished, naked, dark chesnut-brown ; fr. 12-18 in. 1.,
4-8 in. br., ovate-lanceolate tripinnatifid ; pinnce 3-5 in. 1., f to 1^ in. br.,
distant, lanceolate ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into numerous
entire linear-oblong segm. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis like the stipe ; sori
numerous, small, roundish, placed on both edges. — Hypolepis spectabilis, Link,
Hk.Sp.Z.p.lZ.t.W.'B.

Hab. South America, from New Granada southward to Monte Video.

134 25. CHEILANTHES, §§ EUCHEILANTHES.

§§ Eucheilanthes. Involucres more or less confluent, fronds not powdered
beneath, segments larger and /latter than in Physapteris. Sp! 14-35.

* Stipe scaly throughout, or more or less tomentose. Sp. 14-24.

14. C. micropteris, Swartz ; st. densely csespitose, why, erect, tomentose,
densely clothed with fibrillose light-brown scales at the base ; fr. 3-4 in. 1.,
2-3 lin. br., simply pinnate ; pinna? 1-1^ lin. br., ovate or roundish, crenate at
the base, deeply lohed, the outer surface convex, pubescent ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis wiry, tomentose like the stipe ; sori roundish, 3 to 5 to each
pinna. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 76.

Hab. Tropical America, from Ecuador southward to Peru and the Argentine territory.
— The extreme forms of this and (7. Mattheivsii look very different ; but upon view of the
set of the Hookerian specimens, it seems doubtful whether they -are really distinct.

15. C. Matthewsii, Kunze ; rhizome stout, creeping, densely clothed with
linear-lanceolate dark-brown scales ; st. numerous, almost tufted, strong, erect,
wiry, densely pubescent ; fr. 4-12 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., linear-lanceolate, bi- or
tripinnatifid ; pinna? |-1 in. 1., numerous, deltoid, much upcurled and incurved,
cut down to the rachis below into linear-oblong, crenate or pinnatifid pinnl. ;
rachis stout, rigid, densely tomentose ; texture subcoriaceous ; sori numerous ;
invol. roundish, slightly confluent. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 91. C. fasciculata, Goldm.

Hab. Andes of Bolivia and Peru. — C. prwnata, Kaulf., appears to be the oldest name,
but the plant is not at all pruinate. The pinnules have the margins so much incurved,
that it gives them the beaded habit of those of Eugleichenia.

16. C. fragrans, Webb & Berth, (non Swartz) ; st. csespitose, wiry, 1-3 in. 1.,
densely clothed with reddish-brown linear scales ; fr. 2-3 in. 1., about 1 in. br.,
ovate-acuminate, bi- or tripinnatifid ; pinna? opposite, ijr-f in. 1., £-•§• in. br.,
deltoid, cut down to the rachis below into several sinuato-pinnatitid linear-
oblong lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis polished but slightly scaly, both
surfaces green and naked ; sori small, copious ; invol. light-brown, membranous,
toothed. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 81. Polypodium fragrans, Linn. Mant. C. odora and
suaveolens, Swartz. C. maderensis, Lowe.

Hab. South of France, Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Canaries, Madeira, Algeria,
Syria, Afghanistan, and N. W. Himalayas at 5,000 ft. ; and I cannot point out any good
distinctive character for the South American C. andina (Hk. Sp. 2. p. 115), gathered by
Mr. Maclean on the Peruvian Andes. Mettenius retains C. maderensis as distinct from
the common S. European form.

17. C. arabica, Decaisne ; st. tufted, 1-3 in. 1., wiry, erect, dark chesnut"
brown, fibrillose and tomentose ; fr. 2-3 in. 1., 1-1-2 ^n* ^r., lanceolate-deltoid, bi-
or tripinnatifid ; pinna? opposite, the lowest -|-f in. 1., cut down to the rachis into
numerous linear-oblong scgm., or slightly again branched at the base ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis chesnut-brown, fibrillose, upper surface naked, lower
slightly hairy ; sori copious. — Kunze, Linncea, 23. p. 207. Mett. Cheil. p. 50.

Hab. Abyssinia, Schimper, 1431. — C. coriacea, Dec. (Hk. Sp. 2. p. 109), from Arabia,
appears to be either this or very closely allied. This comes very near C. pulcliella, but
is smaller in size, with a distinctly tomentose stipe and rachis. The ultimate segments
are longer and narrower, and the involucre more continuous than in Q. fragrans.

18. C. vestita, Swartz (non Hook.) ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., wiry, polished*
chesnut-brown, slightly tomentose, fibrillose ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; lower pinna? distant, opposite, -|-f in. 1., ^-f in. br.
lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis into several oblong pinnl. on each side
the largest of which are quite J in. 1., | in. br., cut down nearly or quite to the

25. CHEILANTHES, §§ EUCHEILANTIIES. 135

rachis below ; texture subcoviaceous, upper surface nearly naked, lower only
slightly hairy, not densely matted ; rachis thinly tomentose ; sori copious. —
Gray, Manual, p. 592.

Hab. Delaware and Pennsylvania southward to New Carolina. — This is not described
in the "Species Filieum," the C. veslita there given being our C. lanuginosa. We owe
the unravelling of the synonymy to Prof. Eaton, who has ascertained, through the inter-
vention of M. Naudin, that this is the Nephrodium lanosum of Michaux's Herbarium.

19. C. pilosa, Goldra. ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. ]., ilexuose, dark chesnut-brown,
pilose, brittle ; jfr. 6-12 in. 1., l|-2 in. br., linear-oblong, tripinnatifid ; lower
pinnae distant, |-1 in. 1., deltoid, cut down to the rachis below into oblong1
pinnl., 8-4 lin. 1., 2 lin. br., deeply lobato-pinnatifid ; texture herbaceous ;
rachises and both surfaces glandulose-pilose ; sori copious, slightly confluent. —
C. MacLeanii, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 93. t. 1 10. B.

Hab. Andes of Peru. — This cornea nearest the true C. vestita, but is very flaccid in
habit, larger, and more hairy.

20. C. micropfy/Ua, Swartz ; rhizome slightly creeping ; st. 2-6 in. 1., wiry,
flexuose, polished, dark chesnut-brown, tomentose below when young ; fr.
3-9 in. L, 2-3 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, bi- or tripinnatifid ; pinnce in numerous
nearly opposite pairs, the lowest 1-2 in. 1., -|-f in. br., lanceolate or tending
towards deltoid ; pinnl. linear-oblong, entire or subdeltoid, and cut down to the
rachis below ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis usually naked ; both surfaces green
and glabrous ; sori roundish or elongated ; invol. narrow, pale. — Hk. Sp. 2. />.e84.
t. 98. A. C. elongata, Willd. Hk. I. c. p. 86. C. pygmsea, Kfotzch, Hk. I. c.
p. 88. — ]8, C. pubescens, 11. B. K. ; rachis tomentose, both surfaces of the frond
pubescent. Ilk, Sp. 2. p. 93. — y, C. micromera, Link; pinnce numerous, close,
spreading, pinnules ovate-oblong, entire or nearly so ; invol. subcontinuous. C.
aspidioides, Fee. — 5, C. Moritziana, Kunze ; whole plant larger ; pinnl. often
^ in. L, cut down nearly to the rachis for the lower two-thirds into oblong segm.
—Hk. Sp. 2. p. 85. t. 99. B.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the "West Indies southward to Peru. — A very
variable plant, and it is to be feared that C. Tweediana, Hook., C. obtusata, Presl, and
C. cucullans, Fee, must also rank here.

21. C. Afysurensis, IVallich ; st. densely tufted, very short, wiry, dark chesnut-
brown, polished, fibrillose below when young; fr. 3-12 in. ]., 1^-3 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pinnce numerous, the lowest opposite, f-1^ in. 1.,
lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis into numerous linear-oblong inciso-
pinnatifid pinnl.; texture herbaceous when young, subcoriaceous when mature ;
rachis polished, chesnut-brown, slightly fibrillose, both surfaces naked ; sori
small, roundish, distinct or slightly confluent.— //£. Sp. 2. p. 94. t. 100. A.
C. Chusana, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 95. t. 106. B.

Hab. Abundant in Tropical Hindostau, but not known in the Himalayas. Found
also in Ceylon, West China, and at Canton and Chusan, and gathered lately by Mr.
Oldham in Japan. — It resembles C. microphylla very closely, but the stipe is shorter and
more scaly.

22. C. fragilis, Hk. ; st. densely tufted, not more than 1-2 in. 1., strong,
erect, tomentose and fibrillose ; fr. 6-12 in. L, 2-4 in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
bipinnatifid ; pinnce numerous, alternate, the lowest 1-2 in. apart, 1-2 in. L,
\ in. br., oblong-lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into numerous linear-
oblong, blunt, sinuato-crenated lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachises bright -brown,
tomentose, both surfaces green and naked except the midrib beneath ; sori
small, roundish or subcontinuous ; invol. pale-brown, membranaceous. — Hk. Fil,
Exot. t. 96.

136 25. CHEILANTHES, §§ EUCHEILANTHES.

Hab. Limestone rocks near Moulmein, Malayan Peninsula ; discovered by the Rev.
C. S. Parish. — A larger plant than C. Mysurensis, but very doubtfully distinct. — From the
Ceylonese C. laxa, Moore, it differs mainly by its tomentose rachis.

23. C. hirta, Svvartz ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., strong, erect, densely coated with
spreading bright reddish-brown woolly hairs ; fr. 4-12 in. 1., 2-5 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate, tripinnatind ; pinnae opposite, spreading from the main rachis at
right angles, lanceolate, 1-3 in. 1., cut down to the rachis into numerous oblong
pinnl. which are scarcely more than £ in. 1., and again inciso-pinnatifid ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces more or less tomentose ; margin of the
segm. much incurved ; swi copious.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 92. t. 101. B. — jfl, C. parviloba,
Swz. ; rachis and surfaces less tomentose ; pinnae shorter, with the segm. and apex
slightly divided and convolute. — Hk. Sp. I. c.

Hab. Cape Colony northward on the east to Natal, on the west to Angola. — There is a
specimen from Java from Dr. Blume in the Hookerian Herbarium, and Mr. Moore gives
it as Chinese. Our a varies much in size and hairiness, and includes three species of
Fe'e; viz., his Cheilanthes olivacea (a large form, with the margin of the segm. less incurved)
and his Myriopteris contracta and intermedia. It might as suitably be placed in Physa-
pteris as here. C. glandulosa, Pappe and Rawson, is said to be closely allied.

24. C. viscosa, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., strong, erect, wiry, dark chesnut-
brovvn, polished, pubescent ; fr. 4-6 in. each way, deltoid, tri- or quadripin-
natifid ; pinnce in pairs, the lowest much the largest ; pinnl. of the lower side
larger than the others, sometimes 1^-2 in. 1., lanceolate, with narrow linear-
oblong segm., which are again cut down to the rachis into small beaded ultimate
divisions ; texture herbaceous in the barren frond, subcoriaceous in the fertile one
when mature ; rachises pubescent, like the stipe, both surfaces pilose ; sori more
or less confluent. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 105. t. 93. B.

Hab. New Mexico southward to Venezuela. — Easily distinguished from its allies by
the deltoid outline of the frond. C. leucopoda, Link, is an allied Mexican plant, said to
have a straw-coloured stipe and smaller fronds, and C. tennis, Presl, another allied Mexican
plant which I have not seen. From Allosorus hirsutus, Presl, this differs by its hairy
stipes and rachis and Cheilanthoid involucre.

** Stipe not hairy and slightly scaly only towards the base. Sp. 25-35.

25. C. hispanica, Metten. ; st. csespitose, wiry, naked, dark chesnut-brown,
polished, 2-3 in. 1., with a dense tuft of wiry linear-filiform dark chesnut-brown
scales at the base : fr. 1-1^ in. 1., f in. br., deltoid, bi- or tripinnatifid ; pinnce in
opposite pairs, the lowest the largest, oolong or again branched on the lower
side ; segm. roundish-oblong, crenate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis polished, upper
surface green, naked, under brown, tomentose ; sori small, copious. — Metten.
Cheil.p.W.

Hab. Rocks on the banks of the Mondego, near Coimbra, Portugal, Wdwitsch ; Spain,
fide Mettenius.

26. C. pulchetta, Bory ; st. densely tufted, 3-9 in. 1., strong, erect, dark
chesnut-brown, polished, slightly fibrillose below ; fr. 3-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate or deltoid, tripinnate ; lower pinnce opposite, subdeltoid,
2-3 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into numerous
linear-oblong segm. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ;
sori copious.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 109. t. 94. A.

Hab. Madeira and the Canaries. — The Abyssinian plant placed here in " Species
Filicum" is C. coriacea.

27. C. varians, Hk. ; st. densely tufted, 2-6 in. 1., chesnut-brown, polished
but rather slender and brittle, nbrillose below ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 1J-2 in. br., Ian-

25. CHEILANTHES, §§ EUCHEILANTHES. 137

ceolate, bipinnatifid ; pinnos in numerous pairs, the lower ones opposite, often
1^-2 in. apart, 1-1 £ in. 1., f in. br., deltoid acuminate, cut down to the rachis in
the lower part into oblong or linear-oblong entire or slightly toothed lobes ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis like the stipe, both surfaces naked ; sori copious^
continuous ; invoL narrow, membranaceous. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 89. t. 93. A. C.
Malaccensis, Fee.

Hab. Himalayas, ascending to 2-3,000 ft., Malayan Peninsula, Luzon, & China.

28. C. subvillosa, Ilk, ; sL densely tufted, 2-4 in. 1., polished, naked, bright
chesnut-brown, rather brittle, clothed with lanceolate acuminate scales below ;

fr. 6-12 in, 1., 2-3 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pinnos in numerous
pairs, the lower ones distant, 1|- in. 1., more than 1 in. br., deltoid ; pinnl. on
the lower side the largest, sometimes 1 in. 1., oblong-lanceolate, cut down to
the rachis below into oblong lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachis bright chesnut-
brown, slightly pubescent, upper surface naked., lower villose, especially on the
costa ; sori copious ; invol. greenish. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 87. t. 98. B.

Hab. Pabur Valley and Simla, Himalayas ; gathered by Mr. Edgeworth. — This species
and C. Dalkousics differ from all the rest of the subgenus in their broader segments arid
more herbaceous texture, in which they agree with Adiantopsis Capensis and Kirkii.

29. C. Dalhousice, Hk. ; st. densely tufted, 36 in. 1., wiry, polished, dark
chesnut-brown, when younsjf -clothed with linear scales ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate or subdeltoid, tripinnatifid ; pinnce in numerous opposite pairs,
the lowest 2-3 in. 1., 1-1^- in. br. ; pinnl. on the lowest side the largest,
sometimes 1 in. 1., linear-oblong, blunt, deeply sinuato-pinnatifid ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis and costa naked and glossy like the stipe, both surfaces
nuked ; sori numerous, roundish, small. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 80.

Hab. North of Hindostan, ascending in the Himalayas to 10,000 ft. — This occasionally
shows a tendency to become farinose beneath. The involucres, though often crowded,
are very slightly confluent.

30. C. allosuroides, Mt-tten. ; st. tufted, densely fibrillose at the base, 2-3 in. I.,
wiry, erect, chesnut-brown, polished ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 2 in, br., ovate-lanceolate,
bipinnatifid ; pinnce alternate, about 1 in. 1., |r in. br., lanceolate, cut down to
the rachis into several ovate-acute pinnl., winch are civneate at the base and
slightly lobed below ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis like the stipe, slightly hairy
above when young, glabrous when mature ; invol. narrow, greenish, nearly con-
tinuous.— Mett. Cheil. p. 32.

Hab. Mexico. — Our description is taken from specimens gathered by Schaffner. It
comes nearest C. Sleberi in habit, but is less rigid, and the involucre is more continuous.

31. C. Sieberi, Kunzs ; st. densely tufted, 3-6 in. 1., strong, wiry, polished,
dark ehesnut-brown, fibriilose towards the base ; fr. 3-6 in. 1., 1-1J in. br,,
oblong-acuminate, tripinnatifid \pinnce in pairs, the lowest often distant, |-]^in.
L, §-f in* br-, deltoid, with several opposite oblong- deltoid pinnl., which are
cut down to the rachis in the lower part ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis wiry,
naked, polished, both surfaces naked ; invol. small, narrow, mle-brown, roundish
and separate, or combined, —Hk. Sp. 2. p. 83. t. 97. B. C. Preissiana, Kunzc,
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 83.

Hab. Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Isle of Pines.— Species 31 to 35 form a
group of very closely allied plants.

32. C. lullata, Kunze ; st. densely tufted, 4-8 in. 1., dark chesnut-brown,,
polished, wiry, slightly tomentose below, and clothed with lanceolate scales ; fr.
69 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pinnce in numerous opposite
pairs, the lower ones 1-H in. apart, 1| in. 1., f-1 in. br,, lanceolate or su!>

138 25. CHEILANTHES, §§§ PHYSAPTERIS.

deltoid ; pinnl. of the lower side the largest, cut down nearly to the rachis into
numerous linear-oblong segm. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis like the stipe,
upper surface naked, lower glandular ; sori copious ; invol. pale-brown. — Hk.
Sp. 2. p. 88. t. 96. A.

Hab. Neilgherry Hills, S. Hindostan. — Very near C. Sieleri, of which it is not unlikely
only a larger and more robust variety, and both have a close connection with C. inul-
tifida,

33. C. multifida, Swartz ; at. tufted, 3-9 in. ]., strong, erect, dark chesnut-
hrovvn, polished, slightly scaly towards the base ; fr. 3-12 in. 1., 2-8 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate or deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnl. opposite,
remote, erecto-patent, deltoid, 2-0 in. 1. ; uU. divisions linear-oblong, deeply
lobed and the margin in the fertile plant much recurved ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis dark chesnut-brown, naked and polished, both surfaces naked ; sori
terminal on the lobes, small, roundish, slightly confluent ; invol. membranaceous.
— HJc. Sp. 2. p. 90. t. 100. 13. Gard. F. t. 39.

Hab. Cape Colony northward to Zambesi Land arid St. Helena, and sent also from
Java by Dr. Blutne. — Dr. Kirk's tropical specimens are larger and more compound than
those from further south, but appear to be the same plant.

34. C. Wrightii, Hk. ; gt. 2-4 in. 1., strong, wiry, chesnut-brown, polished,
finely nbrillose below when young ; fr. 2-3 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
tripinnatifid ; pinnae in several opposite pairs, the lowest about 1 in. 1., \ in. br.,
deltoid ; pinnl. cut about halfway down into oblong-acute lobes ; texture sub-
eoriaceous ; rachis like the stipe, both surfaces naked ; sori copious, the margin
of the fertile fronds much incurved. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 87. t. 90. A.

Hab. Gathered by Mr. Wright in 1849 in an expedition from Texas to New Mexico,
U. S. A. — In habit it comes very near the small forms of C. tenuifolia, but the involucres
are less confluent.

35. C. tenuifolia, Swartz ; st. not tufted, 4-8 in. 1., wiry, flexuose, naked, dark
chesnut-brown, polished, slightly nbrillose towards the base ; fr. 4-8 in. 1.,
3-4 in. br., deltoid, tripinnatifid ; pinnae in numerous opposite pairs, the lowest
2-4 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., deltoid ; pinnl. on the lowest side the largest, the lowest
1 in. 1., cut down to the rachis into oblong entire or sinuato-pinnatind segm. ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis polished like the stipe, both surfaces green and
naked ; sori roundish or subcontinuous ; invol. narrow, brownish, more or less
toothed.—//*. Sp. 2. p. 82. t. 87. C.

Hab. Himalayas (sub-tropical region), Madras, Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula and Islands,
S. E. China, Polynesian Islands, New Zealand, Australia, and southward to Van Diemen's
Land.

§§§ Physapteris,.FVes/ (Myriopteris, Fee]. Involucres confluent, ultimate segments
very small y beadlike. Sp. 30-48.

30. C. flexuosa, Kunze; st. about 2 in. 1., erect, wiry, dark chesnut-brown,
naked, polished ; fr. 2-3 in. 1., rather more than 1 in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
bipinnate ; pinnae numerous, close, spreading at right angles from the rachis,
with 8-10 small beadlike nearly sessile pinnl. on each side, which are hardly
more than \ lin. each way and rolled up like a ball ; rachis rigid, chesnut-
brown, glandular ; texture coriaceous ; sori hidden. — Hk. Sp. Fil.p. 104.

Hab. Brazil. — Our description is taken from Brazil! an specimens gathered by Lindberg,
which are marked by Mettenius as Kunze's var. minor. The typical plant is described
as tri- or quadripitinate.

S7. C. induta, Kunze ; st. 3-0 in. li, naked, polished, chesnut-brown, clothed
thinly with linear-lanceolate scales when young ; fr. 3-0 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br.,

25. CHEILANTHES, §§§ PHYSAPTERIS. 139

ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; lower pinnae rather remote, deltoid ; pinnl. i-| in.
1., cut down to the rachis into oblong- lobed segm. ; rachis polished like the
stipe, but more or less tomentose ; texture subcoriaceous, upper surface naked,
very convex in the mature fertile frond, under surface tomentose like the rachis^
sori marginal.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 92. t. 102. A.

Hab. Cape Colony ; discovered by M. Drege. — It resembles C. lanuyinosa and Szovitzii
in size and general appearance, but is naked on the upper surface, and not at all matted
beneath.

38. C. lanuginosa^ Nuttall ; st. densely tufted, erect, wiry, polished, dark
chesnut-brown, thinly clothed with spreading; woolly hairs; fr. 4-8 in. 1.,
1-1^ in. br., ovate-lanceolate, bipimiatifid ; piunce in opposite pairs, the lower
ones deltoid ; pinnl. linear-oblong, contiguous, cut down to the rachis into
numerous small roundish or oblong segm.; rachis tomentose ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; upper surface grass-green, slightly tomentose ; lower surface densely
matted with a coat of pale-brown woolly tomentum, the margin of the segm'.
much incurved ; sori copious, marginal. — C. lanosa, Moore. C. vestita, Hk. Sp.
2. p. 99. C. gracilis, RiehL

Hab. Illinois and Wisconsin westward and southward to the Rocky Mountains, Cali-
fornia, and New Mexico.

39. C. Szovitzii, Fisch. & Meyer ; st. densely tufted, erect, wiry, polished,
chesnut-brown, thinly coated with spreading Woolly hairs, mixed with linear
scales ; fr. 3-6 in. 1., 1-1| in. br., ovate-lanceolate, bipinnatitid ; pinnae in
opposite pairs, the lower ones deltoid ; pinnl. linear-oblong, contiguous, cut
down to the rachis below into small roundish beaded segm.; rachis scaly and
tomentose like the stipe ; texture subcoriaceous, upper surface green, slightly
tomentose, lower surface densely matted with a coat of pale-brown woolly hairs,
the margin of the segm. much incurved ; sori copious, marginal. — Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 98. t. 98. C. fimbriata, Visiani.

Hab. Asia Minor and Persia southward to N. Hindostan, ascending in the Himalayas
to 8,500 ft., Italy and Dalmatia. — Very near C. lanuginosa, from which it only differs
by having distinct scales mixed with the tomentum upon the stipes and rachis. Notho~
Icena persica, Bory, is apparently this species.

40. C. gracillima, Eaton ; st. densely tufted, 2-6 in. 1., wiry, slender, dark
chesnut-brown, polished, only slightly scaly towards the base ; fr. 3-4 in. 1.,
1 in. br., narrowly ovate-lanceolate, hi- or tripinnatifid ; lower pinnae opposite,
lanceolate-deltoid, about £ in. 1., £ in. br., cut down to the rachis into several
linear-oblong segm. on each side, the largest of which are |- in. 1., and the lowest
again slightly divided ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis slightly fibrillose, upper
surface naked, the lower densely matted with pale-brown woo'lly tomentum, the
margin of the segm. much incurved ; sori copious, marginal. — Eaton in Report
Mex. Bound. Survey, vol. 2. p. 234. C. Fe'ei, Moore.

Hab. British Columbia, Oregon, California, Missouri, New Mexico, Guatemala. — A
much less hairy and less divided plant than C. lanuginosa, with larger and less distinctly
beaded segments.

41. C. Fendlerij Hk. ; st. scattered, 2-4 in. 1., wiry, chesnut-brown, polished,
slightly scaly ; fr. 3-4 in. 1., 1-1^ in br., ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pinnae
lanceolate-deltoid, about f in. 1., § in. br. ; pinnl. linear-oblong, cut down to
the rachis into numerous small oblong beaded segm.; rachis densely clothed
above with lanceolate acuminate entire scales, which are bright reddish-brown in
the centre, silvery-white towards the edge ; upper surface quite naked, under
surface scaly only, not matted ; texture subcoriaceous, margin much incurved ;
sori copious, marginal. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 103. t. 107. B.

Hab. Rocky Mountains southward to California and New Mexico.

140 25. CHEILANTHES, §§§ PHYSAPTERIS.

. 42. C. Lindheimeri, Hk. ; st. scattered, 3-6 in. 1., wiry, dark chesnut-brown,
polished, thinly clothed with linear-lanceolate scales, scarcely tomentose ; fr.
3-6 in. L, 1^-2 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pinnce numerous, con-
tiguous, the lowest about 1 in. 1., | in. br., lanceolate; pinnl. numerous, linear-
oblong ; ult. segm. numerous, minute, roundish ; yachis densely scaly above ;
upper surface woolly, the lower densely matted with wool and ovate-acuminate
bright reddish-brown scales,, margin of the segments much incurved ; sori
copious, marginal. — Hk. Sp. 2. ^.101. t. 107. A.

Hab. Texas and New Mexico. — This quite agrees with C. myriophylla in habit and
texture, differing only in its wide - creeping rhizome and stipes without woolly
tomentum.

43. C. myriophylla, Desv. ; at. densely tufted, 3-6 in. 1., strong, wiry, erect,
densely clothed with pale woolly tomentum ;//\4-6 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., ovate-lan-
eeolate, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnce about 1 in. ]., ^ in- br., lanceolate-
deltoid, cut down te> the rachis into numerous linear-oblong pinnl. on both sides,
which are again slightly branched at the base ; ult. segm. very small, roundish,
beadlike ; 'texture subcoriaceous ; rachis clothed with tomentum like the stipe and
also with distinct lanceolate-acuminate entire scales ; upper surface green and
pilose, lower densely matted and scaly, the margin of the segments much
incurved ; sori copio'us, marginal. — HJc. Sp. 2. p. 100. t. 105. A. — /3, C. elegans,
Desv. ; ult* segm. obovate-pyriform, usually tapering into a distinct stalk. — Hk.
Sp. t. 105. B. C. paleacea, Mart. & Gal. M. marsupianthes, Fee.

Hab. Tropical America, especially in the west side, from Mexico southward to Peru
and Chili, and discovered lately by Capt. Beddome in the Neilgherries. Of M. cheilogly-
yhus and rufa of Fde, both Mexican plants gathered by Schaffner, I have not seen
specimens.

44. C. scariosa, Kaulf. ; st. densely tufted, not more than 1-2 in. 1., densely
coated with large lanceolate whitish-brown scales ; fr. 6-8 in. L, 1 in. br.,
narrowly ovate-lanceolate, bipinnate ; pinnae numerous, contiguous, linear-
oblong, ^r-f in. 1., cut down to the rachis into numerous linear-oblong pinnl.;
rachis and both surfaces densely coated with lanceolate-acuminate scales, which
are about 2 lin. 1., -| lin. br., bright-brown in the centre, silvery-white towards
the ciliated and villous margin : edge of the segments much incurved. — Hk. Sp.
2. p. 99. t. 104. A.

Hab. Andes of Peru, and said to have been also gathered in Mexico. — The only species
of the group with a dense coating of large scales.

45. C. Eatoni, Baker ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., wiry, erect, densely clothed with
pale-brown linear-subulate scales ; fr. 3-8 in. 1., 1-^-2 in.br., ovate-lanceolate,
tripinnatifid ; lower pinn. distant, alternate or opposite, deltoid ; pinnl. linear-
oblong, pinnatifid ; rachis rigid, covered with scales like the stipe, which also
cover thickly the midrib of the pinnse beneath ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface
densely clothed with white woolly tomentum, lower also densely matted, the
margin of the segments incurved. — C. tomentosa, Ilk. Sp. 2. p. 96. (in part}, t.
109. A. non Link.

Hab. Gathered in an expedition from Western Texas to El Paso, New Mexico, October
3849, C. Wright, No. 816. — This differs from C. tomentosa by being coated with distinct
scales instead of mere woolly hairs on the stipe, rachis, and midrib of the pinna? beneath,
and by being matted with tomentum on the upper surface. Gordon's Colorado plant is
perhaps the same, but is more slender and less distinctly scaly. "We are indebted to
Prof. Eaton far the elucidation of the United States species of the genus.

46. C. tomentosa, Link ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. L, strong, erect, densely matted
with pale-brown woolly tomentum j fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
tripinnatifid ; lower pinn. distant, opposite, 1-H in. 1., ^-f in. br., deltoid ;
pinnl. linear-oblong, cut down to the' rachis into numerous small oblong bead-

25. CIIEILANTIIES, §§§§ ALEURITOPTERIS. 141

like segm.; texture subcoriaceous ; rackis densely woolly like the stipe; upper
surface grey-green, pubescent, lower densely matted, the margin of the segm.
incurved ; e'm?o£.pale, membranaceous. — C. Bradburii, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 97. t. 109. B.
and C. toinentosa, Hk. (in part).

Hab. North Carolina and Tenessee southward to Mexico. — The American botanists
have the authority of Prof. Kunze for referring the common Physapteris of the Southern
States to C. lomentosa. There is a specimen, said to be from Jamaica, from Mr. A. B.
Lambert, in the Hookerian Herbarium. The Afghanistan plant mentioned in " Species
Filicum " is C. Szovitzii.

47. C. lendigera, Svvartz ; st. 3-12 in. 1., strong, erect, polished, chesnut-
brown, clothed with copious rusty-brown tomentum ; fr. 4-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br.,
lanceolate, tri- or quadripinnatiiid ; pinnce numerous, the lowest opposite,
erecto-patent, 2-3 in. 1., ^-| in. br., lanceolate ; pinnl. numerous, linear-oblong,
cut down to the rachis into numerous distinct convex small segm. \ lin. or less
each way ; rachis densely tomentose ; texture subcoriaceous ; tipper surface
naked, lower villose ; sori subcontinuous ; invol. membranaceous, whitish. — Hk.
Sp. 2. p. 95. t. 104. B.— /3, C. minor, Mart. & Gal. ; hairs of the rachis less
copious and more chaffy. — Hk. I. c. t. 106. A.

Hab. Mexico (ascending to 9-11,000 ft.), southward to the Andes of New Granada and
Ecuador. — (7. frigida, of Linden and Moore we have not seen.

48. C. speciosissima, A. Br. ; st. 3-6 in. 1., stout, erect, densely clothed with
large (1-1^ in. 1., ^-J in. br.) linear-lanceolate ferruginous scales ; fr. 12-24 in.
1., 4-6 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, tripinnate ; pinnce numerous, contiguous, 2-3 in. 1.,
f in. br., spreading, lanceolate ; pinnl. numerous, close, linear-oblong, cut down
to the rachis into numerous small beaded segm.; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
densely paleaceous below like the stipe, the upper part of the rachis of the pinrise
densely clothed with long rusty woolly hairs ; upper surface nearly naked,
under side tomentose ; sori not quite marginal, the edge of the segments much
incurved, membranaceous and toothed at the border so as to form a subcontinent
involucre.— //£. Sp. Fil. 2. p. 103. Plecosoras mexicanus, Fee.

Hab. Mexico (ascending to 12,000 ft.) and Guatemala. — The genus Plecosorus of Fe"e is
characterized by distinctly intramarginal sori.

§§§§ Aleuritopteris, Fee. Involucres more or less confluent, fronds coated
beneath with white or yellow powder. Sp. 49-53.

49. C. rufa, Desv. ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., densely clothed with rusty-brown
woolly tomentum ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, bipinnatifid ;
pinnce opposite, the lower ones with 1-2 in. between them, oblong; pinnl. -on
the lower side the largest, ^-^ in. 1., linear-oblong, sinuato-dentate ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis densely tomentose like the stipe ; upper surface tomen-
tose, under surface more or less coated with white powder ; sori copious,
marginal, roundish, small ; invol. brown, ciliated. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 79. t. 99. A.

Hab. North of Hindostan, ascending to 4,000 ft. — The only tomentose plant of the
group.

50. C. aurantiaca, Moore ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., chesnut-brown, polished,
hbrillose below ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., bipinnate ; pinnce opposite, the lower
ones spreading, lanceolate, l-l£ in. 1., J-| in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis
into numerous linear-oblong entire or slightly cremated pinnl.; rachis and
upper surface naked, lower" densely coated with bright orange meal ; texture
herbaceous ; sori maginal, copious. — Allosorus, Presl. Pteris, Cav. C. ochracea,
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 114. Ic. PI. t. 904.

Hab. Mexico.

142 26. CASSEBEERA.

51. C. Welwitschii, Hk. MSS. ; st. densely tufted, 4-6 in. ]., wiry, naked,
dark chesnut-brown, polished ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., lanceolate, bipinnatifid ;
pinnce with lf-2 in. between the lowest, in opposite pairs, the lowest deltoid,
1^ in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down to the rachis below into long linear-oblong sinuato-
dentate pinnL ; texture subcoriaceous ; lower surface densely coated with bright-
yellow meal, the costae and rachis polished Jike the stipe ; sori numerous, small,
subcentinuous, marginal.

Hab. Angola, frequent, 2,400-3,800 ft., Dr. Welwitsch, 148 & 198.— This comes near
C. aurantiaca, but is much more lengthened out in the stipe and frond.

52. C. argentea, Hk. ; st. densely tufted, 3-6 in. 1., wiry, polished, dark
chesnut-brown, clothed at the base with linear scales when young ; fr. 3-4 in. 1.,
2 in. br., deltoid, bi- or tripinnatifid, upper part not cut down to the rachis ;
lower pinnce much the largest, cut down nearly to the rachis; lowest pinnl.
sometimes f in. 1., sinuato - pinnatifid ; rachis and costa polished like the
stipe ; upper surface naked, green, lower thickly covered with white ceraceous
powder ; sori numerous, very small, brownish, united at the base, marginal. —
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 97. — /3, C. chrysophylla, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 113 ; pinnl. more nearly
equal, in numerous opposite pairs, the frond narrower and longer, densely coate'd
with yellow, not white, powder on the undef side.

Hab. a, Siberia, from the Altai to Kamschatka, Japan, China, Malayan Peninsula, and
Khasya ; /3, Khasya, ascending to 5,500 ft. — There is a wide range of forms, as may be
well seen in the large quarto figure in Fil. Exot. t. 95, in the shape of the frond and
thickness and colour of the ceraceous coating.

53. C. farinosa, Kaulf. ; st. densely tufted, 3-6 in. 1., wiry, polished, dark
chesnut-brown, clothed with linear scales when young ; fr. 3-12 in. 1., 3-6 in.
br., lanceolate or deltoid, bi-tripinnatifid ; pinnae in numerous opposite pairs,
the lower ones often much the largest, with the lowest pinnules longer than the
others (1-2 in. 1.) and deeply sinuato-pinnatind, most of the others with a broad
entire central space ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and costa naked and polished
like the stipe ; under surface densely coated with pure white powder ; sori small,
brown, placed in a continuous line along the edges. — Hk. tip. 2. p. 77. Hk. &
Gr. Ic. 134. Bot. Mag. t. 4765.

Hab. Africa — Cameroon Mountains, Angola, Zambesi Land, Bourbon, Abyssinia.
Asia — Arabia, Himalayas (up to 7,000 ft.), Bombay, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Malayan
Peninsula, Java, Philippine Islands. America — Mexico (up to 8,000 ft.), Guatemala,
New Granada. — Very variable in size. The coriaceous coating is occasionally thin, and
sometimes yellowish. M. Fe*e makes two species ; one, A.farinosa, with more distinct,
the other, A. dealbata, with more confluent sori.

GEN. 26. CASSEBEERA, Kaulf.

Sori terminal on the veins, subglobose or oblong, not reaching beyond the
branches of a single vein. Invol. inserted distinctly within the margin and
separate from it, of the same shape as the sorus and pressed down upon it.
TAB. III. f. 26. Three local Brazilian species.

1. C. triphylla, Kaulf. ; st. slender, wiry, 2-3 in. 1., naked, blackish, polished ;
fr. digitate, f in. each way, formed of 3 to 5 nearly equal linear-oblong seg-
ments ; texture coriaceous ; both surfaces naked ; sori in close rows along the
margin of the segments. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 118.

Hab. S. Brazil and Monte Video.

2. C. pinnata, Kaulf. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., stout, erect, polished, dark-brown,
naked ; fr. about 6 in. each way, simply pinnate with crenate linear-oblong

27. ONYCHIUM. 143

pinnce 2-3 in. ]., £-§ in. br. when flat, or somewhat compound below, the margins
of the segments much incurved in the mature plant ; texture coriaceous, both
surfaces naked ; sori in close rows along the margins. — Hie. Sp. 2. p. 119.

Hab. South Brazil.— 0. petiolata (F4e, Mem. p. 30. t. 12), which we have not seen, is
perhaps a small form of this species.

3. C. gkichenioides, Gardn. ; st. 6 in. ]., stout, erect, naked, polished ; fr.
6-9 in. 1., bipinnate, with stalked linear pinnce 1-2 in. 1., cut down to the rachis
into numerous quadrangular pinnl. 1 lin. br., which are incurved and rolled
over the rachis, sometimes the lower branches again branched ; texture coria-
ceous ; sori occupying the whole margin of the segments on which they are
placed.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 119. Ic. PI. t. 507.

Hab. Diamond district, Brazil, Gardner, 5295.— A very distinct and peculiar plant,
with the habit of Eugleichenia.

GEN. 27. ONYCHIUM, Kaulf.

Sori placed upon a continuous linear receptacle, which connects the apices of
several veins. Invol. parallel with the margin of the segments, linear, opposite,
pressed down over the sori, the edge nearly or quite reaching the midrib.
TAB. III. f. 27. Unitedly Mettenius with Pteris,from which the four closely allied
species differ rather in the cutting of the frond and the smallness and narrowness of
the ultimate segments than essentially in fructification.

1. 0. melanolepis, Decaisne ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., slender, naked, straw-
coloured ; fr. 3-4 in. 1., 2 in. br., ovate, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnce 1-1^ in. 1.,
deltoid ; pinnl. deltoid, distant ; ult. divisions linear-oblong when barren, not
more than 1-1^ lin. 1. ; texture thinly herbaceous, both surfaces naked ; invol.
pale, membranaceous. — Hk. Sp. 2. p\ 124. Ic. PL t. 902.

Hab. Persia and Abyssinia.

2. O. strictum, Kunze ; st. tufted, slender, 6-12 in. 1., naked, polished, straw-
coloured ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., ovate, quadripinnatifid ; pinnce deltoid ;
pinnl. with a few distant segm., which are very narrow and acute, entire or once
or twice cleft at the apex or slightly again branched ; ult. divisions sharp-
pointed and very narrow ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked,
the fertile segments larger than the others ; invol. often considerably shorter than
the segments on which they are placed, pale, membranaceous. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 123.
2nd Cent. t. 32.

Hab. Cuba ; gathered by Linden and Wright.

3. O. auratum, Kaulf. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., stout, erect, naked, straw-coloured or
pale-brown ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 6 in. br., ovate, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnce
4-6 in. 1., subdeltoid, erecto-patent ; pinnl. and segm. numerous, usually deltoid ;
ult. divisions of the sterile frond often obovate-cuneate, trifid at the apex, not
more than 1 lin. 1., -^-j lin. br. when entire, coriaceous in texture, of the fertile
frond podlike. £-1 in. ]., | in. br. ; rachis and both surfaces naked, the mem-
branous involucres and copious sori a rich golden-yellow. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 121.
Hk. & Gr. t. 121.

Hab. Himalayas, ascending 5,000 ft., and Malayan Peninsula and Islands.

4. 0. japonicum, Kunze ; st. 6-12 in. ]., stout, erect, naked, straw-coloured or
pale-brown ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 6 in. br., ovate, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnce
4-6 in. 1., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinnl. and seam, numerous, usually deltoid, the
copious linear-mucrunate ult. divisions l|-2 fin. 1., nearly uniform in the barren

144 28. LLAVEA. 29. CRYPTOGRAMHE. 30. PELL^A.

and fertile frond ; texture herbaceous or, when mature, subcoriaceous ; rachis and
both surfaces naked ; invol. pale, membranaceous ; sori brown. — Hk. Sp. 2. p.
122. O. lucidum, Spreng. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 121.

Hab. Japan, China, North of India (ascending in Sikkim to 9-10,000 ft.), Java. — The
plant common in Japan does not differ from the ordinary Himalayan form. 0. Capense,
Kunze, seems to be this reported from South Africa by mistake.

GEN. 28. LLAYEA, Lagas.

Sori linear, occupying the whole length of the changed pod-like segments of
the upper part of the frond. Invol. the same shape, rolled over and quite con-
cealing them. TAB. III. f. 28.

1. L. cordifolia, Lagasca ; st. 1 ft. 1., strong, erect, naked, straw-coloured,
fibrillose towards the base ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br., tri pinnate, the lower part
sterile with stalked ovate segm. 1^-2 in. 1., ^-f in. br., the fertile segments of the
upper part pod-like, 1^-3 in. 1. ; texture subcoriaceous; both surfaces naked;
veins prominent.— //£. Sp. 2. p. 125. Ic. PL t. 387-8. Ceratodactylis, J. Sm.
Mett.

Hab. Mexico, ascending to 7,500 ft.

GEN. 29. — CRYPTOORAMME, R. Br.

Sterile and fertile fronds usually different from tho same root; sori terminal
on the veins, at first separate, subglobose, afterwards confluent, the continuous
invol. formed of the changed margin of the frond, rolled over them till full
maturity. TAB. III. f. 29. This and Llavea differ from Pellaea § Allosorus
rather in the dimorphic fronds than in anything else.

1. C. crispa, R. Br. ; st. tufted, straw-coloured, polished, brownish, and
slightly scaly towards the base ; fr. 2-4 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., oblong, tri- or
quadripinnatifid ; ult. segm. of the barren frond obovate-curieate, deeply pin-
natifid, those of the fertile frond pod-shaped, |--f in. 1. ; texture thickly
herbaceous, both surfaces naked. — /3, C. JBrunoniana, Wall. ; habit of «, but the
fertile segments oblong, about 3 lin. 1., 1 lin. br., with the invol. spreading in the
mature plant and a space left free from fruit in the centre. — Hk. Sc Gr. t. 158. —
y, C, acrostichoides, R. Br. ; habit larger and stronger, barren segments thicker
in texture and more prominently veined and not so deeply cut, the fertile ones
f in. or even \ in. 1., 1 lin. br., the invol. spreading when mature. — Hk. & Gr.
t. 29. Hk, 8p. 2. p. 130.

Hab. a, Arctic Europe to Lake Baikal, Mount Olympus in Bithynia, Etruria and
Sierra Nevada ; (3, Himalayas, at 10-15,000 ft. ; y, N. W. America, from Sitka and the
Arctic regions southward to Lake Superior, Oregon, and California.

GENUS 30. PELL^EA. Link. Hooker.

Sori intramarginal, terminal on the veins, at first dotlike or decurrent on the
veins, but soon running into a line. Invol. formed of the more or less changed
edge of the frond, quite continuous, sometimes very narrow. Allied to
Cheilanthes in habit of growth and geographical distribution, differing by the con-
tinuous involucre. Veins free in all the species except the last two. TAB. III. f. 30.

30. PELL^EA, § CHEILOPLECTON. 145

§ Cheiloplecton, Fee extent Texture herbaceous or subcoriaceous, and veins
clearly visible, the involucre broad, and in most of the species rolled over the sorus
till full maturity. Sp. 1-11.

* Fronds lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. Sp. 1-4.

1. P. auriculata, Link ; st. tufted, 2-3 in. 1., flaccid, bright chesnut-browa,
slightly scaly ; fr. 3-9 in. 1., 1-14 in. br., linear-lanceolate, with 12 to 18 rather
distant pinnce on each side, which are slightly stalked and broader in the barren
than in the fertile frond, and vary in shape from lanceolate-oblong and entire, t®
.auricled at one or both sides at the base, or cut down nearly to the rachis in the
lower part into oblong lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; invol. similar in colour and texture to the frond, broad and much
wrinkled.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 140. HL & Gr. Ic. t. 116.

Hab. Cape Colony.

2. P. Breweri, Eaton ; st. tufted, densely fibrillose at the base, 2-3 in, 1., wiry,
polished, chesnut-brown, nearly naked ; fr. 2-3 in. L, under 1 in. br., linear-
oblong, simply pinnate ; pinnce opposite, 6 to 8 on each side, the upper ones
ovate, undivided, sessile, the lower ones cleft down the centre nearly to the base
into two unequal halves, of which the lowest is the smallest, each the same shape
as the upper pinnse, and not toothed or further divided, the largest half about
T| in. 1., % in. br. ; texture thick, but scarcely coriaceous ; rachis naked, polished
like the stipe ; both surfaces pale-green, naked ; sori in continuous marginal
lines ; invol. broad, pale, membranous. — Eaton, Proc. Am. Ac. Art. fy Sc. vol. 6.
p. 555.

Hab. California ; gathered by Messrs. Brewer and Hillebrand. — Very near P. auricu-
lata, but the cutting of the pinnae is different, and also the venation.

3. P. Seemanni, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. L, slender, wiry, naked, slightly scaly
at the base ; fr. 3-4 in. L, 1-2 in. br., deltoid-oblong, bipinnatifid ; lower pinnce
not more than 1 in. 1., lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis below into a few
broad oblong blunt slightly-lobed pinnL ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; texture,
herbaceous, but the venation scarcely visible ; invoL narrow, membranous. —
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 141. Z. 117. B.

Hab. Mazatlan, Mexico ; gathered by Dr. Seemann. — Very like P. auriculata in habit,
•differing by its finer venation and narrower involucre.

4. P. gracttis, Hk. ; st. scattered, slender, 2-3 in. 1., naked, straw-coloured or
pale-brown, polished ; fr. 2-4 in. L, 1-2 in. br., ovate, bi- or tripinnatind ; pinnce
lanceolate-deltoid, 1-2 in. 1., cut down to the rachis; lower pinm. sometimes again
slightly divided ; ult* segm. of the barren frond obovate, slightly crenate, of the
fertile one linear-oblong, terminal one much larger than the others ; texture
thinly herbaceous and flaccid ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins visible ;
invol. broad, continuous, membranous. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 138. t. 133. B.

Hab. Canada to Wisconsin, rare; Himalayas of Tibet and N. India at 9-10,000 ft. —
This has been confounded with Cryptogramme crispa, but is not tufted, and is much more
delicate in texture.

** Frond deltoid. Sp. 5-11.

5. P. pilosa, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. L, strong, wiry, brownish-black, more or less
clothed with small linear scales throughout ; barren and fertile fr. different,
the former deltoid, \\ in. each way, cut down to within £ in. of the rachis ; lowest
pinnce much the largest, deeply lobed, with the lobes again broadly crenate on the
under side, the lower surface densely pilose, and the midrib scaly like the stipe 4

146 30. PELL^LA., § CHEILOPLECTON.

fertile fr. larger and quite cut down to the rachis, with narrower, larger, and
more deeply-divided pinnse ; texture subcoriaceous ; invol. membranous, incurved.
— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 132. t. 114. B.

Hab. Bourbon.

6. P. colwnlrina, Hk. ; barren fr. with slender, wiry, naked, polished, brownish-
black stems 6 in. 1., the frond not much over 1 in. each way, deltoid, cut down
to a broadlv-winged rachis into two lobes on each side, the lowest of which is
much the largest and again deeply lobed and sinuated on the lower side ; fertile

fr. on longer and stronger stems, 2-3 in. each way, cut down nearly to the rachis
into about four lobes on each side, the upper of which are linear and entire, the
lowest again deeply lobed below with a compound lower and simple upper linear
segments ; texture 'subcoriaceous, both surfaces naked ; veins inconspicuous ; sori
soon hiding the narrow spreading membranous invol. — P. lomariacea, /3, Hk. Sp.
2. p. 133. t. 112.— j3, vestita; st. shorter, clothed throughout with brown fibrillose
scales.

Hab. Brazil, summit of the Organ Mountains ; gathered by Mr. Gardner. — The alliance
of this seems to be with P. pttosa and cjeranicefolia. The barren fronds in size and
cutting much resemble those of the former.

7. P. geranicefolia, Fe'e ; st. 6-9 in. 1., naked, erect, wiry, brownish-black,
polished, slightly scaly towards the base ; fr. 2-4 in. each way, deltoid, cut
down nearly to the rachis into 3 or 4 pinnce on each side, of which the lowest
pair is much the largest, with the pinnl. on the lower side much larger than the
others and deeply lobed with linear-oblong segm.; rachis and costa dark-coloured
and polished like the stipe ; texture herbaceous, lateral veins once forked ; sori
in broad marginal lines.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 132. Ic. PI. t. 915.

Hab. Tropical America, from Guatemala southward to Brazil and Peru ; Polynesian
Islands from New Caledonia northward to the Neilgherries, N. China, and Subtropical
Australia, Mascaren Isles, Zambesi Land, Angola, and Cape Colony. — This and the two
preceding agree in habit with Pteris pedata and Cheilanthes Kirkii. From the former
their simple veins furnish the readiest mark of distinction. The plant from Australia,
sent by Dr. Mueller, gathered at Rockhampton by Messrs. Thozet and Dallachy, is not
unlikely distinct. It has fronds not more than 1 in. each way, resembling closely in
cutting and texture the barren fronds of the preceding.

8. P. Tamburii, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, naked, chesnut-brown, polished ;
fr. about 6 in. each way, deltoid, with three principal pinnce, the terminal one

cut down nearly to the rachis into several broad, opposite, lanceolate lobes, of
which the upper ones are entire and the lower ones larger and sinuated ; lateral
pinnce with the lobes on the upper side nearly entire, but those on the lower side
prolonged and again deeply lobed, the largest entire divisions about 1 in. deep,
| in. br. at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis polished, brown like the
stipe ; under surface thinly coated with white farina ; invol. brownish, continuous
but regularly crenated along the outer edge. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 134. t. 129. A.

Hab. Tambur Valley, East Nepaul ; gathered by Dr. Hooker. — A very distinct
species.

9. P. deltoidea, Baker ; st. tufted, lf-2 in. 1., erect, wiry, dark chesnut-brown,
naked, polished ; fr. l|-2 in. each way, deltoid, bipinnate ; lower pinnce much
the largest, lanceolate-deltoid ; lowest pinnl. cut down to the rachis below into
oblong lobes ; ult. segm. oblong, or obovate obtuse, about 2 lin. 1., 1 lin. br. ;
texture herbaceous or, when mature, subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; veins immersed ; sori in continuous lines ; invol. membranous, crenate.
— Cheil., Kunze, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 107.

Hab. Cape Colony, Bwchell, 2033. Namaqua Land j gathered by Dre"ge, and latterly
by the Rev. Mr. Whitehead.

30. PELL^A, §§ ALLOSORUS. 147

10. P. Skinneri, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., stout, erect, straw-colour or pale-brown,
naked or slightly fibrillose ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., deltoid, tripinnatifid ;
lower pinnce deltoid; lowest pinnl. 1-2 in. ]., 1 in. br., deltoid-acuminate, cut
down nearly to the rachis into broad oblong acuminate lobes ; rachis slightly
tornentose, both surfaces naked ; texture scarcely coriaceous ; veins fine, incon-
spicuous; invol. narrow, membranous. — HJc. Sp. *2. p. 141. t. 118. B.

Hab. Guatemala ; discovered by Mr. Skinner ; and much finer specimens have recently
been gathered by Messrs. Salvin and Godman.

11. P. rigida, Hk.; st. 4-6 in. 1., stout, erect, dark chesnut-brown, naked or
slightly scaly ; fr. 4-9 in. 1., 3-6 in. br., deltoid, bi- or tripinnate ; lowest pinnce
the largest, erect, patent, 3-4 in. 1., subdeltoid ; pinnl. of the lower side larger
than the others ; ult. segm. linear-oblong, obtuse, decurrent at the base, J-^ in. L
in the barren frond, 1^-2 lin. br. ; rachis naked or slightly scaly, both surfaces
naked or slightly hairy ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins close and fine ; sori in a
continuous marginal line, the broad pale wrinkled invol. rolled down tightly over
li.—Hk. Sp. 2. p. 144. Cheiloplecton, Fee.

Hab. Mexico, Guatemala, and said to have been also found by M. Nee in Peru.

§§ Allosorus, Presl. Texture coriaceous ; the veins not perceptible ; the ultimate
segments of the frond at least twice as long as broad, often revolute at the margin ;
invol. broad, conspicuous. Sp. 12-32.

* Frond not more than bipinnately cut. Sp. 12-21.

12. P. (Allo.) ambigua, Baker ; st. 6-9 in. 1., wiry, erect, polished, dark chesnut-
brown, naked ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., oblong, simply pinnate, or bipinnate
at the base ; pinnce 1^-2 in. 1., 1 lin. br., linear, erecto-patent, flexuose ; texture
subcoriaceous, brittle ; rachis and both surfaces naked, margin incurved ; invol.
distinct from it, papyraceous, brown, continuous, mapped out into a series of
roundish depressions, the two opposite edges interlacing by a marginal fringe,
and sometimes concealing the dark-coloured polished midrib. — Cheil., Metten.
Cheil. p. 49. Synochlamys ambigua, Fee, 8. Mem. t. 20.

Hab. New Granada ; discovered by M. Schlim in 1852.

13. P. (Allo.) atropurpurea, Link ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., rigid, erect, more or
less tomentose ; fr. 4-12 in. 1., 2-6 in. br., varying from lanceolate and simply
pinnate to ovate-lanceolate, with deltoid pinnce 2-3 in. 1., with several pinnl. on
each side, the latter nearly sessile, 1-2 in. 1., at most J in. br., entire or sharply
auricled at one or both sides at the base ; texture coriaceous ; rachis tomentose
like the stipe ; both surfaces naked, except the costa beneath ; veins hidden ; invol.
formed of the slightly altered incurved edge of the pinnules, at length nearly
hidden by the broad line of the fruit. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 139.

Hab. N. America, from sub-arctic latitudes southward to Texas, the Rocky Mountains,
and British Columbia ; and Prof. Eaton informs us it has also been gathered in the
South of Mexico.

14. P. (Allo.) dura, Ilk. ; st. strong, erect, 6-12 in. 1., naked, dark chesnut-
brown, polished ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., linear-oblong and simply pinnate,
or branched at the base with short deltoid pinnae ; segm. quite sessile, 1-1^ in. 1.,

yin. br. ; texture coriaceous ; rachis naked or slightly pubescent ; veins hidden ;
'i surfaces pale-green, naked ; sori broad, soon hiding the narrow membranous
involucre. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 139. t. 113. A.

Hab. Mauritius, Madagascar, and discovered recently by Dr. Welwitsch in Angola at
3,800-5,500 ft. — This and P. atropurpurca differ from all that follow by having the lower
pinnae pinnate.

148 ?0. PELL^EA, §§ ALLOSORUS,

15. P. (Allo.) ternifolia, Fee ; st. tufted, densely fibrillose at the base, 2-4 in. 1.,
strong, erect, dark chesnut-brown, naked, polished ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br.,
linear-lanceolate, with 6 to 12 opposite pairs of pinnse, which are cleft down
nearly to the base into three linear mucronate rigid segments with enrolled edges ;
texture coriaceous ; rachis dark-coloured and polished like the stipe ; both surfaces
pale glaucous-green, naked ; invol. formed out of the edge of the frond, rolled over
the sori till they attain full maturity. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 142. Fil. Exot. t. 15.

Hab. Tropical America, especially in the Andes, from Mexico southward to Peru and
€hili ; Sandwich Islands. — Easily recognizable by its claw-like pinnae.

16. P. (Allo.) mucronata, Eaton ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., strong, erect, naked,

point ; rachis chesnut-brown, polished like the stipe ; texture coriaceous ; both

'surfaces naked, pale glaucous-green ; invol. broad, coriaceous, rolled permanently
over the sori. — A. mucronatus, Eaton in Sill. Journ. July 1856. P. Wrightiana,
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 142. t. 115. B. P. longimucronata, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 143. t. 115. A.

Hab. California, New Mexico, and valley of the Rio Grande.

17. P. (Allo.) profusa, J. Sm. ; st. tufted, 2-3 in. L, wiry, erect, blackish,
polished, more or less fibrillose throughout ; fr+ 3-4 in. 1,, 1-1^ in. br., oblong-
lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; lower pinnce opposite, lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to
the rachis into several deltoid pinnl^ the upper of which are ternately lobed, the
lower cut down to the rachis below ; texture coriaceous ; rachis blackish, naked,
polished ; both surfaces green and naked ; sori continuous ; invol. distinct and
pale membranous. — Cheil., Kunze. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 108.

Hab. Namaqua Land and Cape Colony. — G. cornwta, from Zeyher and Dre"ge, appears
to be safely referrible here ; but whether Ecklon's plant,, described by Mettenius (CheiL
No. 33), be the same, is doubtful.

18. P. (Allo.) aspera, Baker ; st. densely tufted, 2-3 in. L, wiry, blackish, more
or less densely clothed with narrow scales and pale-brown tomentum ; fr. 4-6 in. L,
about 1 in. br., narrowly ovate-lanceolate, feipinnate ; lower pinnae distant, deltoid,
f-f in. 1., \ in. or more bri, cut down to the raehis into a few linear or ovate-
oblong nearly entire pinnl. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis scaly and tomentose
like the stipe ; both surfaces pale-green and scabrous, with short white bristly
hairs ; sori copious, marginal, confluent. — Cheil., Hk* Sp. 2. p. 111. t. 108. A.

Hab. New Mexico ; gathered by Mr. C. Wright. — Very like P. profusa in size and
habit, but easily recognizable by its scabrous hairy surface.

19. P. (Allo.) Alabamensis, Baker ; st. subtufted, 2-4 in. 1., wiry, polished,
blackish, fibrillose below, and at the base with copious fine woolly reddish-brown
scales ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, bi- or tripinnatifid ; pinnce
numerous, the lower ones opposite, about f in. L, J in. br., lanceolate, cut down
to the rachis into numerous linear-oblong segm., most of which are entire, but
the lowest often again pinnatifid ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis blackish,
polished ; both surfaces naked ; sori continuous along both edges of the pinnules ;
invol. pale-green, membranous. — Cheil., Kunze. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 89. t. 103. B»
Ex. F. t. 90.

Hab. Alabama, Georgia, and Tenessee.

20. P. (Allo.) intramarginalis, J. Sm. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., erect, dark chesnut-
ferown, polished, slightly fibrillose below ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate, bipinnatifid ; pinnce opposite, lanceolate, 2-3 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down
nearly to the rachis into long linear-oblong pinnL ; rachis polished like the stipe ;

30. PELL^EA, §§ ALLOSORUS. 149

both surfaces naked ; veins beneath prominent, the lateral ones forked ; sori copious,
confluent, marginal ; invol. broad, membranaceous, fringed. — Cheil., Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 112. — J3, serratifolia (Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 72) ; pinnules distinctly toothed. Pteris
fallax, Mart. $• Galeotti.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.

21. P. (Allo.) ornithopus, Hk. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., rigid, erect, polished, dark
chesnut -brown, naked ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., deltoid, bipinnatifid ; pinnae
rigid, spreading, 1-1^ in. 1., J-§ in. br., with numerous distantly-placed sessile
pinnae on each side, which are cut to the base into three linear mucronate segm.9
of which the central one is the largest, but is not more than 1^-2 lin. 1. ; rachis
polished like the stipe ; texture coriaceous ; both surfaces naked, very pale
glaucous-green ; invol. broad, coriaceous, crenate, rolled permanently over the
sori.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 144. t. 116. A.

Hab. California. — The pinnules here are clawed like the pinnae of P. ternifolia.
** Frond at least tripinnatifid. Sp. 22-32.

22. P. (Allo.) nitidula, Baker; st. densely tufted, slender, dark ehesnut-brown,
polished, 3-6 in. 1., fibrillose below ;fr. 3-4 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., bi-tripinnatifid ^ pinnae
opposite, the lower ones deltoid, cut down to the rachis into a few pinnl., the upper
ones linear-oblong, entire, the lower ones again pinnatifid ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; sori copious, confluent ; invol. broad, membranous, toothed. — Cheil.,
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 113. Ic. PL 10. t. 912. Allosorus, Presl.

Hab. Himalayas, ascending to 6,000 ft.

23. P. (Allo.) densa, Ilk. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., slender but wiry, polished,
chesnut-brown, naked ; fr. 2-3 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., oblong-deltoid, tripinnate ;
pinna? and pinnl. crowded, deltoid or lanceolate ; segm. numerous, linear, with
enrolled edges, sessile or shortly stalked, sharp-pointed or mucronate, the terminal
ones the largest, sometimes £ in. 1. ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; invol. broad, rigid, rolled permanently over the sori. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 150.
t. 125. B. Onychium, Brack.

Hab. Oregon, Washington territory, and California.

24. P. (Allo.) robusta, Hk. ; st. 1-2 in. 1., erect, wiry, bright-brown, naked,
polished ; fr. 2-3 in. 1., 1 in. or less br., oblong, obtuse, tripinnatifid ; pinna?
$-f in. 1., deltoid, cut down to the rachis into several pinnl. on each side, with a
few thick linear-oblong simple or forked segm. not more than \\ lin. 1., \ lin. br. ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces light-green, naked ; sori in a
continuous line along both edges ; invol. similar in substance to the frond, and
rolled over the fruit till full maturity. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 147.

Hab. Namaqua Land, S. Africa. — This and P. densa are very like Cryptogram/me crispa
in size and habit, but the barren and fertile fronds are similar, the segments smaller
and more crowded, and the involucre thicker in texture.

25. P. (Allo.) Boivini, Hk. ; st. 4-8 in. 1., strong, erect, naked, dark-brown,
polished ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in br., subdeltoid, bi- or tripinnate ; pinnce erecto-
patent or spreading, growing gradually smaller upwards, the lowest broadly
lanceolate, simply pinnate, or occasionally bipinnate ; ult. segm. ovate, bluntish
or acute, f-1 in. 1., £-§ in. br., shortly stalked, cordate or rounded at the base ;
texture coriaceous ; rachis tomentose ; both surfaces naked ; veins sunk in the
frond ; sori in a continuous line all round the segments ; invol. membranous,
nearly half a line broad.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 147. 1. 118. A.

150 30. PELL^EA, §§ ALLOSORUS.

Hab. Madagascar, Mauritius, Macalisberg, Ceylon, Neilgherries (3-5,000 ft.).— This
comes near P. hastata in size and habit, but the segments are narrower, and the involucre
is that of this section.

26. P. (Allo.) andromedcefolia,'Fee; st. 6-9 in. 1., strong, erect, pale-brown,
naked, densely clothed at the base with linear subulate reddish-brown scales \fr.
6-12 in. 1., 3-6 in. br., ovate, tri- or quadripinnate ; pinnae rigid, erecto-patent,
lanceolate-deltoid, the lowest with several linear oblong pinnl., the lower segm. of
which are sometimes slightly branched ; uU. divisions 1^-2 lin. 1., linear-oblong,
blunt with enrolled edges ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked,
the wrinkled invol. scarcely changed from the substance of the frond, and some-
times nearly meeting edge to edge. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 149.— /3, C. pubescens, Nutt. ;
rachis and pinnules pubescent.

Hab. California, southward along the Andes to Chili ; Cape Colony.

27. P. (Allo.) pulchella, Fee ; a?, densely tufted, 2-3 in. 1., wiry, erect, polished,
dark chesnut-brown, naked ; fr. 3-6 in. 1., 1-3 in. br., oblong, tripinnate ; lower
pinnae deltoid ; pinnl. lanceolate, the very deciduous ult. segm. oblong, blunt,
scarcely more than J in. 1. by half as broad ; rachis rigid and polished like the
stipe ; texture coriaceous, both surfaces green, naked, the edges of the fertile seg-
ments much enrolled, and the broad invol. permanently rolled over the sori. —
Hk.Sp.Z.p.lW.

Hab. Andes, from New Mexico southward to Peru.

28. P. (Allo.) consobrina, Hk. ; st. strong, erect, 6-12 in. 1., naked, dark -brown,
polished ;fr. 6-12 in. 1., 4-9 in. br., deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lowest pinna?
deltoid, with ihepinnl. of the lower side larger than the others, these latter usually
cut down into several lanceolate or deltoid pinnatifid segm. ; simple ult. divisions
linear-oblong, sometimes J in. 1. ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both sur-
faces naked ; sori in a continuous line along the margins ; invol. moderately
broad, membranous, the edge of the segments often enrolled. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 145.
t. 117. A. P. Bojeri, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 146. t. 119. A. Cheil. Atherstonii, Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 107.

Hab. Cape Colony, Kaffraria, Natal, Madagascar, and Cameroon Mountains.— P. Bojeri
appears to be a slender form with a slightly fibrillose rachis. Mettenius refers here
C. triangula, Kunze, but Dre'ge's specimens are in part C. multifida.

29. P. (Allo.) angustifolia, Baker ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., strong, erect, naked,
dark chesnut-brown, polished ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-6 in.br., deltoid- oblong, quadri-
pinnatifid ; pinnae 2-4 in. 1., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinnl. often cut down to the
rachis into numerous linear segm. with enrolled edges, the terminal ones much
the largest (^ in. or more 1.) ; rachis polished; texture subcoriaceous, both sur-
faces pale-green, the upper slightly hairy ; invol. broad, membranous, rolled
over the sori.— Cheil., H. B. K. P. decomposita, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 151. t. 119. B.
— j3, P. cuneata, J. Sm. ; ultimate segments oblong-acute, |- in. 1., £ in. br.,
cuneate at the base. — Cheilanthes cuneata, Link. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 3 07.

Hab. North of Mexico southward to Venezuela. — C. cJicerophylla, Kunze, seems to be
also a broad-leaved form of this.

30. P. (Allo.) glauca, J. Sm. ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., strong, erect, polished,
dark chesnut-brown, naked ; jr. 3-4 in. each way, deltoid, quadripinnatifid ;
lowest pinnce much the largest and the pinnl. on the lower side larger than the
others, lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis into segm. which are again cut
down to the rachis below ; ult. divisions about ^ in. 1., linear-oblong, with
enrolled edges, more or less crenate ; texture coriaceous, upper surface green
and naked, lower surface and the rachis tomentose ; invol. coriaceous, rolled

30. PELLJ3A, §§§ PLATYLOMA. 151

down over the sori. — Pteris, Cav. Swartz. Cheil., Mett. P. hirsuta, Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 153.

Hab. Chili and Mexico.

31. P. (Allo.) marginata, Baker ; st. tufted, 3-9 in. 1., strong, erect, polished,
chesnut-brown, naked, slightly fibrillose towards the base ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 3-6 in.
br., subdeltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnae usually much the largest ;
pinnl. on the lower larger than those of the upper side, the latter 1-2 in. 1.,
lanceolate-deltoid ; ult. divisions linear-oblong with revolute edges, l£-2 lin. 1.,
^ lin. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises and both surfaces naked ; sori confluent.
— Cheilanthes, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 105.— j3, C. pyramidalis, Fee, 8. Mem. t. 25 ; fr. lan-
ceolate ; pinnae secund, with long (sometimes J in.) pendent slightly compound
pinnules.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and Jamaica southward to Peru and the Argen-
tine territory. — The finest examples in the Hookerian Herbarium are from Salvin and
Godman's Guatemalan collections, with the lowest pinnules more than 2 in. 1., 1^ in. br. ;
but usually it is much smaller. C. pyramidalis looks very different to the ordinary form,
but appears connected with it by intermediate stages.

32. P. (Allo.) Barklyce, Baker ; st. 12-18 in. 1., strong, erect, naked, dark-
brown, polished ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 9 in. br., deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lowest
pinnae 6-8 in. 1., subdeltoid ; pinnl. on the lowest side the largest, with numerous
segm. on each side, which are cut down to the rachis into numerous linear ult.
divisions, 3 lin. 1., 1 lin. br. ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; sori running along the opposite edges of the gradually narrowing
segments, so that the broad pale-brown membranous invol. usually touch near
the top.— Cheil. Barklyj-e, Hk. MSS.

Hab. Seychelles ; sent by Lady Barkly and Dr. Kirk.— This comes nearest to the
broad-leaved form of P. angustifolia, but is much larger in size.

§§§ Platyloma, J. Smith. Texture coriaceous, the veins usually hidden, the
ultimate segments broad and flat, the involucre so narrow that it is soon hidden by the
fruit. Sp. 33-40.

33. P. (Platy.) Bridgesii, Hk. ; st. 2-4 in. 1., wiry, erect, naked, bright
chesnut-brown, polished ; fr. 4-C in. 1., 1 in. or less br., linear, simply pinnate ;
pinnae 6 to 8 on each side, sessile, oblong, entire, obtuse, rounded or cordate at the
base ; texture coriaceous ; rachis naked and polished like the stipe, both surfaces
naked, glaucous-green ; veins hidden ; sori in a broad marginal line with the
much-wrinkled membranous edge of the frond protruding beyond it till full
maturity.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 238. t. 142. B.

Hab. California.

34. P. (Platy.) rotundifolia, Hk. ; rhizome stout, creeping, scaly ; st. 6-12 in.
1., stout, erect, more or less pubescent and clothed throughout with linear chaffy
scales ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., linear, simply pinnate ; pinnae 10 to 20 on
each side, short-stalked, oblong or roundish, entire, obtuse or mucronate at the
point ; texture coriaceous ; rachis densely scaly and tomentose, both surfaces
naked ; veins beneath hidden ; sori in a broad marginal line soon hiding the
involucre.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 136. Fil. Ex. t. 48.

Hab. New Zealand and Norfolk Island.

35. P. (Platy.) falcata, Fee ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 3-6 in, 1., strong,
erect, more or less pubescent and scaly ; fr. 6-18 in. L, 1-2 in. br., linear-oblong,
simply pinnate ; pinnae 10 to 20 on each side, nearly sessile, £-1 in. 1., j-^ in. br.,
lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, usually mucronate, often slightly falcate,

152 30. PELLJEA, §§§ PLATYLOMA.

cuneate or dilated and cordate at the base ; texture coriaceous ; rachis densely
scaly and tomentose, both surfaces nearly naked ; veins not visible ; sori in
broad marginal lines, soon hiding the narrow invol. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 136. t. 11. B.
(a small form}.

Hab. Tropical Hindostan, Malayan Peninsula, Australia, Van Diemen's Land, New
Zealand, Kermadec Isles. — P. seticaulis, Hook. (P. alternifoUa, Wallich), is a form with
densely hirsute stipe and rachis and subhirsute papillose pinnae.

36. P. (Platy.) paradoxa, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., strong, erect, dark-brown,
naked or slightly tomentose ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., oblong, simply pinnate ;
pinnae 4 to 6 on each side, short-stalked, with a considerable space between
them, 1^-2 in. 1., ^-1 in. br., lanceolate, entire, acute or bluntish, cordate or
rounded at the base ; texture coriaceous ; veins hidden, midrib inconspicuous ;
rachis tomentose, both surfaces naked ; sori in a marginal line often ^ in. br,,
soon hiding the invol.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 135. *. 111. A. Fil. Ex. t. 21. Platyloma
Brownii, «/. Sm.

Hab. Queensland and N. S. Wales.

37. P. (Platy.) Doniana, Hk. ; st, 4-8 in. 1., strong, erect, dark-brown,
polished, slightly tomentose and clothed with linear scales towards the base ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, simply pinnate or casually slightly
branched towards the base ; pinnce short- stalked, 6 to 15 on each side, 2-4 in. 1.,
f-1 in. br., lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, entire or very slightly serrated towards
the point, the base rounded or cordate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis slightly
tomentose ; both surfaces naked, midrib nearly black in the lower part ; sori in
a narrow marginal line soon hiding the involucre. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 137. t. 125.

Hab. Tropical Africa, the Niger country, Angola, and Zambesi Land. — This is very
like P. paradoxa in size and habit, and is perhaps best distinguishable by the lower part
of the midrib of the leaves being black and polished like the rachis,

38. P. (Platy.) hastata, Link ; st, 6-12 in. 1., wiry, erect, dark chesnut-brown,
polished, naked ; fr. 6-24 in. 1., 6-12 in. br., oblong bi- or tripinnate ; pinnce
erecto-patent, varying from simply pinnate to copiously bipinnate ; ult. divisions
ovate or lanceolate, not toothed, 1-2 in, 1., J-| in. br., or more, sessile or very
nearly so ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins fine but plainly visible, once or twice
forked ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; sori in a narrow continuous marginal
line ; invol. rather narrow, membranaceous, nearly or quite hidden when the
fruit is mature.— #£. Sp. 2. p. 145. Fil. Ex. t. 50.

Hab. Cape Colony northward to Natal, Zambesi Land, Mascaren Isles, Seychelles, and
Angola. — There is a wide range in the size and branching of the frond and size and shape
of the segments. Kunze makes three species, C. hastata, macrophylla, and hastcefolia.

39. P. (Platy.) calomelanos, Link ; st. tufted, strong, erect, 4-6 in. 1., naked,
dark-brown, polished, slightly fibrillose towards the base ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 3-6 in.
br., subdeltoid, bi- or tripinnate ; lower pinnce rigid, spreading or erecto-patent,
linear-oblong and simply pinnate or deltoid and bipinnate ; ult, segm. on rigid
black stalks, the lateral ones ^-| in. each way, varying in shape from cordate-
oblong-obtuse to hastate-triangular, about as broad as long, the two sides at the
base often unequal ; rachis shining, naked, blackish ; texture coriaceous, both
surfaces naked, glaucous-green ; veins not perceptible ; sori in a broad marginal
line soon hiding the narrow membranous involucre. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 140. Bot,
Mag. t. 4769.

Hab. Cape Colony, ascending to 4,000 ft., northward to Zambesi Land, Angola, and
Natal ; Bourbon ; Himalayas, ascending to 6,000 ft.

40. P. (Platy.) cordata, J. Smith ; st. 6-9 in. 1., strong, erect, straw-coloured,
polished, clothed below with small pale lanceolate scales when young ; fr. 1 ft.

31. PTERIS, § EUPTERIS. 153

or more 1., 4-6 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinnae lanceolate-deltoid, erecto -patent,
with a straight rachis, the lower ones slightly branched at the base ; segm. on
short stalks, oblong or ovate, rounded or cordate at the base, ^-1 in. 1., half as
broad, the point blunt; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis pubescent and both_
surfaces slightly so ; veins not visible ; sori in broad marginal lines which soon
hide the invol.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 148. Allosorus, Hk. Bot. Mag. t. 4692.^/3, P,
jlexuosa, Link ; rachises zigzag, the pinnse and pinnl. spreading at right angles
or even deflexed.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 148. Pteris, Hk. Ic. PL 2. t. 119.

Hab. Mexico and New Mexico southward along the Andes to Peru. — The two vari-
eties'seem often very different in habit but, it is impossible to draw the line between them.
Mr. J. Smith also admits as distinct Pteris sagittata, Cav., in which the segments are
somewhat narrowed towards the point.

_ Holcochlsena, Baker. Texture and involucre of Platyloma, from which

they differ only by the reticulated venation. Sp. 41-42.

41. P. (Holco.) Burkeana, Baker ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., naked, flexuose, polished,
nearly black ; fr. 3-4 in. 1,, 2 in. br., with several pairs of simple, entire, short-
stalked upper pinnce, which are 1-1^ in. 1,, ^ in. or more br., quite entire,
rounded at the base, blunt at the point ; lower pinnce slightly compound ; rachis
and both surfaces naked ; costos black and polished in the lower part ; texture
coriaceous ; veins copiously anastomosing ; sori quite continuous round the
margin of the pinnl., broad and ultimately hiding the reflexed involucre. —
Pteris, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 213. t. 126. B.

Hab. Macalisberg, Natal, S, Africa, discovered by Mr. Burke.

42. P. (Holco.) articulata, Baker ; st. 6-12 in. L, strong, erect, naked,
polished, dark chesnut-brown ; fr. 6-12 in. each way, subdeltoid, bi- or tripin-
nate ; upper pinnce stalked, simple, cordate-ovate, "l-l£ in. 1., ^-f in. br., the
margin not toothed but sometimes undulated ; lower pinnce lanceolate-deltoid
with several similar pinnl. \ in. or more apart, sometimes again compound
below ; texture coriaceous ; rachis hairy ; both surfaces naked ; veins copiously
reticulated ; sori continuous to the apex of the segments, ultimately concealing
the reflexed involucre.— Pteris, Kaulf. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 214. t. 126. A.

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, and Madagascar.

GEN. 31. PTERIS, Linn.

Sori marginal, linear, continuous, occupying a slender filiform receptacle in
the axis of the involucre. Invol. the same shape as the sorus, usually mem-
branous, at first quite covering it, at length more or less spreading. A large
cosmopolitan genus, including plants of almost every kind of division and venation.
TAB. III. f, 31.

§ Eupteris. Veins all free. Stems ccespitose, involucre single. Sp. 1-39.
TAB. III. f. 31. a. b.

* Integrifolice . Lower pinnae linear, undivided. Sp. 1-3.

1. P. longifolia, L. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., stout, erect, pale, more or less clothed
below with pale-brown linear scales ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 4-9 in. br., oblong-lanceolate,
attenuated below ; pinnce sessile, often 20 to 30 on each side, 3-6 in. 1., £-§ in.
br., linear, entire, truncate or cordate or sometimes slightly auricled at the base ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis naked or slightly scaly below or throughout, both
surfaces naked ; veins close and fine, usually once branched ; invol. membranous,
yellowish-brown.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 157.

154 31. PTERIS, § EUPTERIS.

Hab. Tropical and warm temperate regions all round the world ; Spain, Dalmatia,
Sicily, Algiers, Abyssinia, Canaries, and Cape Verde Islands southward through Tropical
Africa to Angola, Macalisberg, Mauritius, and Bourbon ; Lebanon, Himalayas (up to
4,000 ft.), Chusan and Loo-choo southward to S. Australia ; West Indies, Mexico, and
Venezuela,

2. P. moluccana, Blume ; st. strong, erect, naked, polished, dark-brown ; fr.
2-3 ft. 1., oblong, simply pinnate ; pinnce in numerous nearly opposite pairs,
linear, cuneate at the base, spinuloso-serrated towards the point, the largest
12-18 in. 1., TJr-f in. br. ; racMs naked, like the stipe, both surfaces bright-green
and shining; texture subcoriaceous.; veins conspicuous, fine, close (about 6
to aline), usually simple ; invol. narrow, membranous. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 158. t.
112. B.

Hab. Malayan Islands.— P. venusta, Kunze (Bot. Zeit. 6. p. 195), is said to be allied
to this, but to have the pinnae subauriculate at the base, and occasionally forked.

3. P. opaca, J. Sm. ; st. strong, erect, pale, finely pubescent ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1.,
oblong, simply pinnate ; pinnce in numerous opposite pairs, linear, cuneate at
the base, quite entire towards the point, the largest about 1 ft. 1., \ in. br. ; rachis
pubescent, like the stipe ; texture coriaceous, both surfaces naked except the
midrib beneath ; veins sunk in the frond and only visible as faint striations ;
invol. narrow, brownish. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 159. t. 114. A. Pycnodoria, Presl.

Hab. Island of Samar, one of the Philippines, Cuming, 342. — A well-marked species,
out of which Presl made a new genus upon a mistaken view of the involucre, which is
that of typical Pteris.

** Furcates. Lower pinnce forked or slightly pinnate below, with a long linear
entire point. Sp . 4-1 1 .

4. P. cretica, L. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., erect, wiry, naked, straw-coloured, or pale-
brown, polished ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 4-8 in. br. ; lateral pinnce usually in 2 to 6
opposite sessile pairs, of which the upper one is sometimes a little decurrent,
3-6 in. 1., i|-f in. br., the sterile ones considerably the broadest and spinuloso-
serrated, the lower pairs often cleft down nearly to the base into two or three
linear pinnl.; rachis and both surfaces naked; texture coriaceous; veins fine,
close, parallel, simple or once forked ; invol. pale, membranous. — Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 159.— /3, P. stenophyllaSHk. & Gr. Ic. t. 130 ; pinnce 3 to 5 only, clustered at
the apex of the stipe. P. digitata, Wallich. — y, P. melanocaulon^ Fee ; stipe
dark-coloured ; veins sometimes scarcely visible. — P. scabripes, Wall.

Hab. Italy, Crete, Corsica, Abyssinia, Bourbon, Natal, Cape Colony, Ural, Caucasus,
Arabia, Persia, Japan, Himalayas (up to 8-9,000 ft.), .Neilgherries, Philippine Islands,
Fiji and Sandwich Islands, Florida, Mexico, and Guatemala. — A variegated form (albo-
lineata, Hort.) is figured in Bot. Mag. t. 5194. The Brazilian station given in Sp. Fil.
is a mistake.

5. P. pellucida, Presl ; st, 1 ft. or more L, erect, naked, straw-coloured or
brown ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., ovate-lanceolate, simply pinnate ; pinnce usually in
3 to 6 sessile pairs, linear, entire or serrated towards the point, the upper 'ones
slightly decurrent, the lower ones often 8 in. 1., 1 in. br., usually all simple,
but occasionally the lowest forked ; rachis naked ; texture coriaceous, both
surfaces bright-green, often glossy ; veins conspicuous, fine, close (about three
to a line), simple or once forked ; invol. membranous, brownish. — Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 161. t. 129. B. (a simple-fronded state).

Hab. Himalayas, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula, Philippines, Guinea Coast.
— r-Different in the typical state from P. cretica, but not satisfactorily distinct. Pinnae
of the sterile frond not much broader than the others, scarcely toothed, but sometimes
crisped at the edge.

31. PTERIS, § EUPTERIS. 155

6. P. Hookeriana, Agardh ; st. 6-12 in. ]., naked, erect, pale ; fr. 9-12 in. 1.,
6-9 in. br., with a long, linear, entire terminal pinna, and two to six pairs of
sessile opposite entire lateral ones, the largest of which is about 6 in. }., f in. br.,
and the lowest of which is forked at the base on one or both sides ; texture~
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked, opaque ; veins nearly 1 lin. apart at
the base, simple or once forked, conspicuous above, but scarcely visible beneath ;
invol. narrow, brownish. — Hk. Sp.2. p. 165. *

Hab. Adam's Peak, Ceylon, at about 2,000ft.— Regarded by Mr. Thwaites as a variety
of P. cretica.

7. P. dactylina, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, wiry, naked, straw-coloured ; fr.
consisting of 3 to 5 linear slightly serrated pinnae, 2-6 in. 1., 1^-2 lin. br., which
issue from at or near the same point, sometimes the two outer ones from a little
below the others ; texture coriaceous, both surfaces naked ; veins conspicuous,
simple or forked, usually about 1 lin. distant from one another at the base ;
invol. broad, pale.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 160. t. 130. A.

Hab. Nepaul, Sikkim, and Khasya, ascending to 9,000 ft. — In habit this comes near
P. cretica (3, but the venation is different.

8. P. umbrosa, R. Br. ; st. 12-18 in. 1., strong, erect, bright reddish- brown,
scabrous ; fr. 12-24 in. 1., 6-12 in br., with a terminal pinna and usually 6 to 9
lateral ones, all of which run down the stipe at the base so as to form a broad
wing which reaches nearly or quite to the next node, the upper ones linear,
3-6 in. 1., £-;j in. br., finely serrated in the sterile portions, the lower ones
forked or with 2 or 4 erecto-patent linear pinnules ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; texture coriaceous ; veins fine but conspicuous, simple or once forked. —
Hk. Sp.Z.p. 162. t. 130. B.

Hab. Tropical and Temperate Australia. — A larger plant than P, cretica, with a
conspicuously winged rachis and several compound pinnae.

9. P. serrulata, L. fil. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, wiry, naked, pale or brownish ; fr.
9-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate, bipinnatifid, the main rachis margined with a wing
which is 1^-2 lin. br. at the top, and grows gradually narrower downwards ;
pinnae in six or more distant opposite pairs, the upper ones simple, often 4-6 in.
1., ^-J in. br., the lower ones with several long linear erecto-patent pinnules on
each side, the edge of the barren ones spinuloso-serrulate ; texture scarcely
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins clearly visible, simple or once
forked, about 1 lin. apart at the base ; invol. narrow, membranous. — Hk. Sp.
2. p. 167.

Hab. A well-known plant in gardens, common in China, and received lately from Japan
from Dr. Hance, and from Natal from R. W. Rawson, Esq. — P. luxwriosa, Kunze, a
garden plant, supposed to be a native of Manilla, is said to differ by its longer and nar-
rower frond, less branched and more equal lower pinnae, and winged petioles.

10. P. crenata, Swartz ; st. 3-6 in. 1., slender, erect, naked, straw-coloured ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-6 in. br., with a long terminal pinna and 2 to 4 pairs of
lateral ones, those of the fertile frond slightly compound, the centra] portion
2-4 in. 1., ^ in or less br., entire, the upper ones of the sterile frond decurrent,
the lower ones subdeltoid, cut down to the rachis below into 2 to 6 ovate-oblong
sharply-toothed pinnules, which are often f or even ^ in. br. ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins not very conspicuous, usually
once or twice forked.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 163. t. 127. A.

Hab. Hindostan, from the Himalayas to Ceylon, Chusan, and Loo-choo Islands south-
ward to Tropical Australia, eastward to Samoa and Fiji. — This has the fertile fronds of
the present, with barren ones more like those of the next group.

356 31. PTERIS, § EUPTERIS.

11. P. distans, J. Sra. ; st. about 6 in. 1., slender, erect, naked, pale ; fr.
about 1 ft. 1., 4-6 in. br., terminated by a pinna with a long, narrow, sharply
serrated linear apex, below which are 12 to 20 pairs of clo.sely-placed short
lobes | in. or less 1 , £ in. br., the lower two-thirds of the frond with 6 to 9
opposite pairs of distantly-placed^ pinnae with a long linear point, and at the
base a few spreading pinnules ; rachis scabrous ; texture coriaceous ; veins con-
spicuous, simple or once-forked, about 1 lin. apart at the base ; the barren lobes
sharply and finely spinuloso-serrated ; invol. membranous. — Hk.Sp.Z.p. 169.
t. 124. B.

Hab. Luzon, Philippine Islands ; gathered by Mr. Cuming.

*** Pinnatce. Lowest pinnae simply pinnate. Sp. 12-18.

12. P. heteromorpha, Fee ; st. 6-12 in. 1., naked, erect, pale ; fr. 12-18 in. 1.,
6-9 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, with the apex of the long terminal point entire,
but the lower half sinuated and furnished with a few short linear lobes ; pinnaz
in several opposite pairs, the lowest of which are 3-4 in. apart, the upper ones
entire or slightly compound at the base, the lowest pair cut down nearly to the
rachis with several spreading linear pinnules on each side, I in. or more 1., f in.
br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked, the margins slightly
crisped ; veins conspicuous, usually once forked, their bases about 1 lin. apart ;
invol. narrow, membranous. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 166. t. 127. B.

Hab. Philippine Islands ; gathered by Mr. Cuming. — This may be one of the aberrant
forms of P. semipinnata, which it resembles in general habit.

13. P. Griffithii, Hk. ; st 6-8 in. 1., slender, erect, wiry, naked, straw-
coloured; fr. 6-8 in. ]., 2-3 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, the terminal pinna linear,
entire, about 2 in. 1., ^ in. br. ; upper lateral ones simple, not more than j in.
apart, and the base decurrent down to the next, the lower ones lanceolate-deltoid,
with a linear entire point and several short erecto-patent linear entire pinnl. on
each side ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins obscure,
about | in. apart at the base, usually once forked j invol. narrow, mem-
branous.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 170. t. 123. A.

Hab. Mishmee, N. Hindostan ; gathered by Griffith.

14. P. madagascarica, Ag. ; fr. ample, bipinnate ; terminal pinna linear, the
upper lateral ones small, linear, sessile, those next in order larger and stalked,
the lower ones 2 in. apart at the base, deflexed, oblong-lanceolate, about 6 in. 1.,
4 in. br., with an entire terminal lobe and several stalked lateral pinnl. on each
side, which are about 2 in. 1., 2 lin. br., deeply serrated towards the point,
and spreading from the scabrous rachis at right angles ; texture coriaceous ;
veins conspicuous, about 1 lin. apart at the base and usually once forked
near the base ; invol. narrow, firm. — Hk.Sp. 2. p. 171* t. 122. A. P. subserrata,

Hab. Madagascar ; gathered by M. Bojer.

15. P. mutilata, Linn. ; st. slender, erect, naked, polished, straw-coloured or
bright-brown, those of the fertile frond the largest (9-12 in.) and strongest ;
fr. about 6 in. each way, deltoid, with a linear entire point, several entire pinnce,
but the lowest pair lanceolate-deltoid, 4-6 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., with several linear,
erecto-patent pinnules on each side, the divisions of the barren frond shorter and
broader than those of the fertile one, not serrated, but mucronate at the point,
and furnished with a crisped white cartilaginous border ; rachis and both
surfaces naked and shining ; veins about 1 lin. apart at the base, simple or once
forked ; invol. narrow, membranous. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 164. t. 131. A.

Hab, West-Indian Islands. — P. concinna, Heward, is a more compound form than usual.

31. PTERIS, § EUPTERIS. 157

16. P. semipinnata, Linn. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., strong, erect, naked, bright
chesnut-brown ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, the upper part
cut down nearly to the rachis into numerous close entire linear lobes,
the largest of which are 1^-3 n. 1., J-^ in. br., the lower two-thirds with
6 or 8 pairs of opposite distantly-placed pinnce, the largest of which are
3-0 in. 1., with a long linear entire point, and a broad entire wing on the
upper side of the rachis, but the lower side with several linear pinnl. 1-2 in. 1.,
J in. br. ; texture scarcely coriaceous, barren segm. finely serrated ; rachis and
both surfaces naked ; veins simple or once forked, £ in. apart at the base ; invol.
membranous.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 169. Gard. F. t. 59.— (3, P. dispar, Kunze ; pinnae
more or less pinnate on the upper side also.

Hab. Himalayas (ascending to 3-4,000 ft.), to Ceylon, S. E. China, Japan, the Philip-
pines, and Borneo. — The two forms look very different when typical, but are connected
by intermediates.

17. P. paucinervata, Fee ; st. about 1 ft. 1., erect, naked, reddish-brown ; fr.
(in our specimen) with a terminal pinna and a single unbranched lateral one on
each side, the former broadly lanceolate, 9 in. 1., 4 in. br. below, cut down nearly
to the rachis into linear oblong slightly falcate lobes, which are decurrent at the
base and bluntly crenate towards the point, the largest 2 in. 1., \ in. br. ; lot.
pinnae similar but smaller ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; veins fine, once or occasionally twice forked, the lower ones £ in.
to 2 lin. apart at the base ; sori continued nearly to the apex of the lobes. — Hk.
Sp. 2. p. 194.

Hab. Mexico. — This and the next species have quite the habit of quadriaurita, but the
venation seems to distinguish them.

18. P. litobrochioides, Klotzsch ; st. strong, erect, naked, bright chesnut-
brown ; fr. 2 ft. 1., 18 in. br., the terminal pinna 1 ft. or more 1., 2-3 in br., cut
down within a short distance of the rachis into numerous spreading linear
entire lobes, 1-1^ in. 1., ^ in. or more br., the lower sinuses rounded ; lateral
P'innce 3 or 4 on each side, similar to the terminal one, erecto-patent, the lowest
3 to 4 in. distant at the base, all unbranched in our specimens ; texture
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins conspicuous, once forked,
1 lin. apart at the base ; sori reaching nearly to the apex of the lobes. — Hk, Sp.
2. p. 178.

Hab. Gathered by Sir R. Schomburgk in British Guiana, and Dr. Spruce in the Amazon

Valley.

**** Bipinnatce. Lowest pinnce at least lipinnatifid. Sp. 19-35.

19. P. maratticefolia, Hk. ; st. stout, erect, quadrangular, deeply sulcate, glossy,
straw-coloured ; fr. ample, bipinnate, the upper part simply pinnate, with
several linear lobes which are slightly decurrent at the base, prominently
serrated towards the point, the longest 4 in. 1., ^ in. br. : lower pinnce 6-12 in. 1.,
pinnate, with numerous similar lobes on both sides a ,d again compound with
smaller pinnl. on both sides at the base ; texture scarcely coriaceous ; rachis and
both surfaces naked ; veins usually once forked, ^ in. apart at the base ; sori not
reaching to the apex of the lobes.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 177. t. 122. B. P. flexuosa,
Mett. P. semiadnata, Phiiippi.

Hab. Chili and Chiloe. — A very distinct species, easily recognizable by its large distinct
pinnules, of which only the lowest of the basal pinnae are again compound.

20. P. Dalhousice, Hk. ; st. strong, erect, about 1 ft. high, polished, naked,
light-brown; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., tri- or quadripinnatifid ; upper pinnce
linear, unbranched, decumnt down to the next pair, lower ones sometimes
1 ft. 1., deltoid ; pinnl. with simple or occasionally with branched linear segm.y

158 31. PTERIS, § EUPTERIS.

the longest undivided ones 6 in. 1., £-f in. br., those of the pinnse with
usually about 1 in. between them, the margins very slightly serrated ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins fine, simple or once
forked, about 3 to a line; invol. narrow, membranous. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 170.
t. 121. A.

Hab. Gathered at Penang by Lady Dalhousie, and in Java by Mr. Lobb. — Very
different from any other species of the group. It is most like P. umbrosa, but much
more compound.

21. P. irregularis, Kaulf. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, angular, naked, polished,
brownish ; fr. 12-24 in. 1., often 1 ft. br. ; main rachis with a wing throughout
which is f -\ in. br. ; upper pinnce linear, simple, lower ones 2-3 in. apart at the
base, with several long, linear, erecto-patent pinnl. on each side, which are
sometimes again slightly compound ; longest simple segm. 3 or 4 in. 1., f-^in. br. ;
rachis and both surfaces naked ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins about 1 1m. apart
at the base, usually once forked ; invol. narrow, membranous. — Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 173.

Hab. Sandwich Islands ; and a fragment of what is probably this species is in the Her-
barium from Sumatra. This again is very distinct. It is more like P. Dalhousice than
any other species, but the pinnules are regularly pinnate instead of mostly forked.

22. P. quadriaurita, Retz. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, erect, naked or slightly
scabrous, straw-coloured or brownish ; fr. 6 in. to 2 or 3 ft. 1., 4 in. to 1 ft. or
more br., with a terminal central pinna cut down nearly to the rachis into
numerous close parallel linear-oblong lobes ^-1 in. 1., 2-3 lin. br., the barren
ones entire or slightly serrated, and below this several similar pinnce on both sides,
which are 6-12 in. or more 1., 1-2 in. br., the lowest 1-2 in. apart at the base,
usually again compound, with one or two similar but smaller pinnl. branching
from them at the base on the lower side ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and
both surfaces naked ; veins conspicuous, usually once forked, 1 lin. to ^ in. apart
at the base ; sori often continuous along the whole margin of the segments. —
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 179. t. 134. B.

Hab. All round the world within the Tropics, and a little beyond them. West Tropical
Africa — Angola, Natal, Zambesi Land, Madagascar. Hindostan (ascending in the Hima-
layas to 11,000 ft.), S. China and Japan southward to Ceylon and the Malayan and
Polynesian Islands and Rockingham Bay in Trop. Australia. America, from Cuba and
Mexico southward to Brazil. — Varies much, especially in size. P. asperula, J. Smith, is
a form with the rachises and costse furnished with slender spines ; P. subquinata, Wallich
and Agardh, an Indian form with fewer pinnse than usual ; P. argyrcea, Moore, a form
with a more or less distinctly marked band of white down the centre of the frond ;
P. tricolor, Linden, the same, with a tinge of red added (see Bot. Mag. t. 5183) : and I
cannot distinguish by any clear character the West-Indian P. Swartziana, Agardh, and
P. felosma, J. Smith ; the Brazilian P. sulcata, Link ; the Malayan P. pyrophylla, Blume,
and P. deltea, Agardh, and the South-African P. catoptera, Kunze. All our specimens
of the Polynesian plant have dark-brown naked stipes and rachis. Mr. Thwaites sends
from Ceylon a series of remarkable abnormal forms passing down gradually into a plant
with narrow linear pinnae, the lowest with only two smaller similar pinnules on the lower
side. Down to No. 28 the species are osely allied to this and one another.

23. P. longipinnula, Wallich ; st. erect, naked, 2-3 ft. 1., yellowish-green ; fr.
1-3 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., the terminal pinna 1 ft. or more 1., 2-3 in. br., with
numerous spreading, entire, blunt, linear lobes on each side, which are 1^-2 in. 1.,
and reach down nearly to the rachis at the base, the point caudate ; lateral pinnce
several on each side, similar to the terminal one, the lowest 2 in. apart, sometimes
forked ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins once forked,

in. apart at the base ; sori continued nearly to the apex of the segments. — Hk.
2. p. 179, t. 134. A.

31. PTERIS, § EUPTERIS. 159

Hab. Hindostan (ascending in the Himalayas to 2-4,000 ft.), Malayan Peninsula,
Borneo, and Japan. — Very doubtfully distinct from the preceding.

24. P. excelsa, Gaud. ; st. stout (£-§ in. thick), erect, naked, glossy, pale-brown ;
fr. 5-6 ft. 1. ; terminal pinna 1 ft. or more 1., 3 in. br., with numerous closely-
placed falcate linear lobes on each side, which are sometimes more than 2 in. 1.,
£-•§• in. br., narrowly obliquely decurrent and slightly serrated on the barren
part ; lateral pinnae several, 'similar to the terminal one, the lowest several
inches apart at the base, sometimes bipartite ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and
both surfaces naked ; veins once forked, £ in. apart at the base ; sori not reaching
the apex of the segments.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 183. t. 136.

Hab. Hindostan (ascending in the Himalayas to 7-8,000 ft.), Ava, Philippine and
Sandwich Islands. — Like P. quadriaurita on a larger scale.

25. P. pungens, Willd. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., naked, distinctly prickly, glossy,
pale or brownish ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ; terminal pinna sometimes 1 ft. L,
more than 2 in. br., with a long entire point and numerous close, parallel, linear-
oblong lobes, which extend down nearly to the rachis (1-1^ in. 1., Jin. br.), and
are finely toothed towards the point when barren ; pinnae several on each side,
similar to the terminal one, the lowest 2-3 in. below the next above it, once forked,
with a smaller similar pinnule ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; veins conspicuous, once forked, ^ in. distant at the base ; sori not reaching
the apex of the segments — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 182.

Hab. West-Indian Islands. — If the muricated stipe be not of a permanent character,
this cannot be regarded as distinct from P. quadriaurita. Poppig's Peruvian plant, called
P. edentula, Kunze, has a smooth stipe, and is normal quadriaurita.

26. P. scabra, Bory ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, erect, glossy, dark chesnut-brown ;
fr. 2 ft. 1. or more, 12-18 in. br. ; terminal pinna 6-12 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., made up
of numerous linear erecto-patent lobes, which are often 1 in. 1., Jin. br., cut down
regularly within about £ in. of the rachis, and suddenly dilated to the wing
within a short distance of the base ; lateral pinnce several in number on each
side, similar to the terminal one, the lowest 2 in. apart at the base, with 1 or 2
similar smaller pinnl. on the lower side ; texture very coriaceous ; rachises rigid
and glossy like the stipe ; both surfaces naked ; veins conspicuous on both sides,
simple or once forked, 1 line apart at the base ; sori narrow, continuous along
nearly the whole length of the segment. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 187. 1. 138. A.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon. — The texture is so coriaceous that the specimens can
scarcely be fastened down on paper. Capt. Carmichael's Bourbon plant with a strami-
neous stipe, mentioned in " Species Filicum," is evidently P. flabellata. P. angusta of
Bory seems to be a smaller form of this, which resembles P. quadriaurita in outline, but
differs in texture.

27* P. paleacea, Roxb. ; st. 2-4 ft. 1., strong, erect, straw-coloured or reddish-
brown, clothed throughout with large lanceolate brown scales, which fall off and
leave it densely muricated with hard raised points ; fr. I ft. or more each way ;
terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., 1^ in. br., made up of numerous contiguous falcate linear
lobes, which are 1 in. or more L, 2 lin. br., blunt at the point, and not at all ser-
rated ; pinnce several in number on each side, similar to the terminal one, closely
placed (not 1 in. apart at the base) and imbricated, the lowest with several large
similar pinnl. from its under side ; texture coriaceous ; rachises scaly and asperous
like the stipe ; veins faint, full £ in. apart at the base, usually once forked ; sori
extending along the whole length of the edge.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 186.

Hab. St. Helena, in the upper exposed part of Diana's Peak.

28. P. Novw-Caledonice, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or more L, erect, polished, naked, bright
claret-brown \fr. ample ; terminal pinna 6-9 in. L, \\ in. br., made up of numerous

160 31. PTERIS, § EUPTERIS.

linear erecto-patent contiguous lobes, which are f-1 in. 1., £ in. br., and serrated
when barren ; lateral pinnae numerous, contiguous, similar to the terminal one,
the lower ones much larger, deltoid, and again compound ; texture herbaceous ;
rachises bright-coloured like the stipe, both surfaces naked ; veins not conspicuous,
simple or once forked, about 1 lin. apart at the base ; sori absent from the upper
part of the segm. ; invol. membranous, conspicuous, ^ lin. br. — Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 189.

Hab. New Caledonia ; discovered by Mr. C. Moore of Sydney, and siuce gathered by
MM. Vieillard and Deplanche. — Mr. Moore says that the fronds are sometimes 10 feet in
height. One of M. Deplanche's specimens shows the lower pinnae, which measure nearly
1 ft. 1., 9 in. br., and have five large pinnules on each side.

29. P. heterophylla, L. ; st. wiry, slender, erect, naked, straw-coloured ; fr.

6-12 in. 1., 3-6 in. br., ovate-deltoid, tripinnate ; pinnce all, except two or three
of the highest, compound, the lowest deltoid, with the pinnl. again pinnatifid ;
ult. segm. of the barren frond ovate, sharply and deeply toothed, cuneate and
entire at the base, about \ in. L, £ in. br., of the fertile frond about f in. 1., £ in. br.,
the tip sterile and toothed ; texture herbaceous, both surfaces naked, bright-green ;
veins obscure ; invol. broad, pale, membranous. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 166.

Hab. West-Indian Islands and Brazil.

30. P. gracilis, Fee ; st. 6-9 in. L, slender, erect, wiry, naked, polished, pale ;
fr. 9-12 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., deltoid, tri- or even quadripinnate ; only the very upper-
most pinnce simple, the lower ones hardly more than 1 in. apart, erecto-patent,
with numerous closely-placed pinnl. on each side, the lower ones sometimes with
the segm. again compound ; the ult. divisions linear, when simple not much over
\ in. 1., less than 1 lin. br., those of the barren frond sharply and deeply spinuloso-
serrated ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins about £ in.
apart, simple or once forked ; invol. pale, membranous. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 172.
t. 128. A. P. semidentata, Fee, Hk. I. c.

Hab. New Granada and South Brazil. — In some of the specimens with most of the
veins simple they anastomose casually in the broader segments, so that it is probable that
this is a free-veined form of P. leptophytta, with which in general habit it coincides.

31. P. laciniata, Willd. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., stout, erect, very hairy ; fr. 2-4
ft. L, 1-2 ft. br., deltoid, tripinnatifid, the upper part not cut down to the rachis,
with oblong entire lobes £-f in. L, § in. br. ; lower pinnce 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br.,
with numerous lanceolate pinnl. on each side, which are cut down to a broadly-
winged rachis into lobes which are about % in. 1., J in. br. ; texture herbaceous ;
rachis and both surfaces hairy ; veins few, often J in. apart at the base, usually
once forked ; sori lateral in the ultimate lobes, but not reaching the apex. —
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 176. t. 132. B. Lonchitis hirsuta, Linn.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies southward to Peru. — Though in technical character a
Pteris, this is far more like the two species of Lonchitis in habit. Lonchitis Ghiesbreghtii
of Linden (Pteris, 5. Smith) is a less hairy form than usual.

32. P. arguta, Aiton ; st. 1 ft. or more ]., strong, erect, naked, glossy, bright
straw-coloured or reddish-brown ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; terminal pinna
6-9 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., made up of numerous contiguous erecto-patent linear lobes
about 1 in. 1., 2 lin. br., which reach down nearly to the rachis, and are slightly
toothed when barren ; pinnce several in number on each side, similar to the ter-
minal one, the lowest forked or with one or two similar smaller pinnl. from the
base on the lower side ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins
once forked, about 1 lin. distant at the base ; sori nearly £ lin. br., not usually
extending beyond the lower half of the lobes. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 184.

Hab. Portugal, Azores, Madeira, Canaries.

31. PTERIS, § EUPTERTS. 1G1

33. P.flabellata, Thumb. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., strong, erect, naked, glossy, straw-
coloured ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; terminal pinna 6-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br.,
made up of numerous almost contiguous erecto-patent linear lobes 1-2 in. 1., 2-3
lin. br., which reach down nearly to the rachis, and are finely serrated when-
barren ; pinnae several on each side, similar to the terminal one, the lowest with
J to 3 similar smaller pinnl. from the base on the lower side ; texture herbaceous ;
rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins £ in. apart at the base, usually once forked ;
sort narrow, continuing along nearly the whole length of the segments. — /3, P.
Ascensionis, Swartz ; much smaller, the lower pinnse sometimes with several small
compound pinnules on both sides. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 185.

Hab. Cape Colony northward to Bourbon, Abyssinia, and Fernando Po. — This comes
very near P. arguta. The best character is in the sori, which here are longer and nar-
rower. The Ascension plant grows in a very exposed situation, and has more or less
horizontal fronds with ascending or nearly vertical pinna}.

34. P. tremula, R. Br. ; st. 1 ft. 1. or more, strong, erect, naked, polished, bright
chesnut-brown ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 6 in. to 2 ft. br., the apex with a few closely-placed
linear entire lobes, which are decurrent obliquely at the base, the largest hardly
more than 1 in. 1., 1 lin. br. ; upper pinnae simply pinnate, with numerous similar
lobes on both sides, the largest about 6 in. 1., more than 1 in. br. ; lower pinnce
often very compound, sometimes 1 ft. 1. and bipinnate ; texture herbaceous ; rachis
and both surfaces naked ; veins sunk, | in. apart at the base, usually once forked ;
sori copious, sometimes filling up the whole segment except the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 174. t. 120. B. — /3, P. Kingiana, Endl. ; ult. segm. larger, sometimes l£ in. 1.,
nearly £ in. br., without being toothed. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 188.

Hab. Australia, Van Diemen's Land, and New Zealand.— j3 was originally published
from Norfolk Island, but some 'of the New Zealand specimens agree with it.

35. P. Chilensis, Desv. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., erect, naked, pale or brownish ; fr. 1-2 ft. ].,
9-18 in. br., deltoid, only the very uppermost lobes simple ; upper pinnce lanceolate,
cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into short linear-oblong pinnl., which are
finely serrated in the barren frond; lowest pinnae sometimes 1 ft. L, deltoid, with
several bipinnatifid pinnl. on each side, the largest undivided segm. not more than
\ in. L, £ in. br. ; texture herbaceous, or slightly coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; veins sunk, oblique, about 1 lin. apart at the base, usually once forked ;
sori extending from the base to the apex of the segments. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 175.
t. 120. A.

Hab. Chili and Juan Fernandez. — Agardh gives also Peru, and a plant gathered by
Mann on the banks of the Gaboon river in West Tropical Africa I believe to be the
same. It is near P. tremula, but the segments are broader and shorter, and in the barren
frond finely toothed.

Tripartitse. Lowest pinnce much larger than the others, often nearly
equalling the central portion of the frond. Sp. 36-39.

36. P. pellucens, Agardh ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., erect, naked, straw-coloured ; terminal
pinna about 6 in. 1., 1 in. br., with numerous erecto-patent linear-oblong lobes
on each side, which are cut down very nearly to the rachis, about ^ in. 1., 2 lin. br.,
bluntly toothed towards the point when barren; lateral pinnce numerous on each
side (often 20), not more than 1 in. apart, the longest simple one about 6 in. 1.,
the lowest large, compound, sometimes nearly as large as the central portion of
the frond, 1 ft. 1., 6 in. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ;
veins not prominent, once forked, about £ in. apart at the base ; sori falling short
of the apex of the segments. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 191.

Hab. South flank of the Himalayas, and a similar plant, with more caudate pinnules,
and segments not so close, and decurrent at the base, gathered by Mr. Cuming in the

x

162 31. PTERIS, §§ P^SIA.

Philippine Islands. In some of the specimens, but not all, the costa of the pinnules is
spinulose on the upper side.

37. P. deflexa, Link ; st. 2 ft. or more 1., strong, erect, naked or slightly
asperous below, straw-coloured or reddish-brown ; fr. ample, 2-4 ft. 1. ; terminal
pinna 6-9 in. 1., about 1 in. br., with a long point and numerous linear-oblong
lobes on each side, which are nearly cut down to the rachis, about ^ in. 1., £ in. br.,
the barren ones sharply spinuloso-serrated ; lateral pinnae numerous, similar, the
lower ones stalked, the lowest pair much larger than the others, often more than
1 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br., with numerous pinnate pinnl. on each side ; rachises smooth ;
texture coriaceous ; veins once forked, ^ in. apart at the base ; sori reaching nearly
to the apex of the segments.— -#£. tip. 2. p. 190. P. stridens, Ag. Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 192.

Hab. Tropical America, from the West Indies southward to Brazil and Peru. —
P. Gaudichaudii, Ag., is either this species or closely allied. In general aspect this
species comes between guadriaurita and aquilina.

38. P. coriacea, Desv. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., erect, straw-coloured, asperous ; fr. 2 ft. 1.
or more, deltoid ; terminal pinna lanceolate, 6-9 in. 1., f in. br., with numerous
linear-lanceolate falcate lobes on each side, which are |-f in. 1., l-l4r lin. br.,
sharply spinuloso-serrated when barren ; lateral pinnce a dozen or*more on each
side, similar, the lower ones slightly compound below, the lowest pair nearly as
large as the central portion of the frond ; pinnl. again bipinnate ; texture cori-
aceous ; partial rachises densely muricated with small prickles, which also run
along the midribs of the ultimate divisions beneath ; veins usually once forked,
about ^ in. apart at the base ; sori reaching nearly to the apex of the segments. — •
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 192. t. 124. A. — /3, P. Jamesoni, Hk. ; lowest ultimate divisions
1 in. 1., £ in. br., sometimes decurrent at the base ; texture very coriaceous ; rachis
beneath scarcely muricated. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 194. 1. 193.

Hab. Tropical America, from Venezuela along the Andes to Peru. — P. muricata, Hk.,
differs from /3 principally by its lower pinnae being conspicuously stalked at the base.
This species much resembles P. deflexa in general appearance, but may be known readily
by its muricated rachises. A muricated plant, gathered by Dr. Spruce in the Central
Andes (Nos. 5707 and 5665), is probably distinct. The stipe is strong and distinctly
prickly, and is marked in one of the numbers as 5, and in the other as 12 feet in length.
One of the pinnae is 2 feet long, the largest pinnule 10 inches, and the largest ultimate
segment 1 inch long, 2 lines broad. The venation is fainter than in P. coriacea, and both
surfaces are bright-green. What appears to be the same plant is in the Herbarium from
New Granada from Linden and Lieut. Norton, and these latter are the P. coriacea j3 of
the Sp. Fil. p. 192.

39. P. brerisora, Baker ; st. 2-4 ft. 1., strong, erect, quite smooth ; fr. with
a central pinna 1-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br., and two opposite lateral ones which are nearly
as large ; pinnl. 4-6 in. 1., ^-f in. br., lanceolate acuminate, the lowest 1-2 in.
apart ; segm. numerous, \ in. 1., \ in. br., linear-oblong, blunt, very slightly
toothed ; texture herbaceous ; rachis naked ; sori in a continuous line along the
border of each segment. — Hypolepis pteridioides, Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 59.

Hab. Cameroon Mountains and Fernando Po, at an elevation of 4-7,000 ft. ; discovered
by Mr. Mann.

§§ Psesia, /St. Hilaire. Veins free, rhizome creeping, stems sub-distant, involucre
more or less distinctly double. Ornithopteris, Agardh. Sp. 40-43. According to
strict technical characters, this group of species, which differs from the rest of the
genus also in habit of growth, has as good a claim to be placed in Lindsavse as
Pteridese. TAB. III. f. 31, d, e, f.

40. P. (Pasia) aquilina, L. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, subterraneous ; st.
ft. or more L, strong, erect, naked, straw-coloured or pale-chesnut ; fr. 2-4 ft.

3 1 . PTERIS, §§ P^SI A. 163

or more 1., 12-24 in. br., subdeltoid in general outline, only the uppermost pinnce
simple, those next in order lanceolate, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis
into short triangular or linear pinnl.9 the lowest long-stalked, 1 ft. or more L,
with ample lanceolate pinnl,, which are cut down to the rachis into numerous
lanceolate segm., which are again fully pinnate ; largest entire ult. divisions
1 in. 1., 2 lin. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked or
pubescent ; veins close, conspicuous, often twice forked, involucre double or the
inner one obsolete. — /3, P. caudata^ L. ; pinnl. sometimes linear and entire or
with less crowded segm. than in a, and the terminal lobe linear entire, 1-2 in. 1.
— y, P. esculenta, Forst. ; ult. divisions narrower and not contiguous, suddenly
decurrent at the base, so that the bases are connected by a narrow lobe. — Hk. Sp.
2. p. 196. P. arachnoidea, Kaulf.

Hab. All round the world both within the Tropics and in the North and South Tem-
perate Zones, unless it be absent from South Temperate America, from which there are
no specimens in the Herbarium. In Lapland it just passes within the Arctic circle,
ascending in Scotland to 2,000 ft., in the Cameroon Mountains to 7,000 ft., in Abyssinia
to 8,000 or 9,000 ft., in the Himalayas to about 8,000ft. ; y inhabits principally New
Zealand, Australia, the Polynesian Islands, and Tropical South America. — Dr. Spruce
has seen it in the Andes 14 ft. in height.

41. P. (Psesia) viscosa, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping, subscandent, densely
clothed with dark-brown fibrillose scales; St. 1 ft. or more 1., flexuose, dark-
brown, glanduloso-villose ; fr. ample, decompound ; upper pinnce small, lan-
ceolate, pinnatifid, the lower ones 1-2 ft. L, 6-9 in. br., spreading, with
numerous lanceolate pinnl. on each side, which are cut down into deeply lobed
lanceolate-deltoid spreading segm.) about £ in. 1., j in. br. ; texture scarcely
coriaceous ; rachises very wavy, like both surfaces, densely clothed with brown
viscid glands ; invol. double, membranous, the inner one sometimes obsolete.
Psesia viscosa, St. Hilaire. P. scalaris, Moritz. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 200. t. 121.
B. & 3. t. 141. C.

Hab. Jamaica, Venezuela, and Peru. — Dr. Spruce's Peruvian specimens have the
largest pinnules not more than 1^ in. 1., \ in br., their segments cut down to the rachis
into small oblong-cuneate lobes about ^ lin. br. ; and with these a plant gathered by
M. Deplanche in New Caledonia quite agrees.

42. P. (Paesia) scaberula, Richard ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 6-12 in. l.»
strong, flexuose, bright reddish-brown, scabrous ; fr. 12-18 in. L, 6-9 in. br.,
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnce lanceolate-
deltoid, 4-9 in. L, cut down to the rachis into numerous lanceolate pinnl. on each
side, which are again cut down into oblong toothed segm. 2-3 lin. 1., 1 lin. br. ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis flexuose and scabrous like the stipe, upper surface
asperous ; sori copious, occupying when mature nearly the whole segment
except the midrib.— /7£. Sp. 2. p. 174. t. 93. A.

Hab. New Zealand.

43. P. (Paesia) rugulosa, Labill. ; st. erect, strong, glossy, nearly smooth,
pale- brown ; fr. ample, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnce 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br. ;
pinnl. lanceolate, distant, spreading at right angles ; lower segm. deltoid, cut
down to the rachis into numerous oblong deeply toothed ult. divisions ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis rigid, zigzag, glossy, scarcely asperous, both surfaces of the
frond naked ; sori 1 lin. L, placed along the sides of the ult. divisions. — Hypo-
lepis, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 68.

Hab. Society Islands. — This is clearly a Pteris, not a Hypolepis ; and both this and
P. scaberula show occasionally a narrow membrane on the inner side of the receptacle,
as in aquilina and viscosa.

164 31. PTERIS. §§§§ CAMPTERIA.

§§§ Heterophlebium, Fee. Veins free below, anastomosing towards the margin.
Sp. 44-15. TAB. III. f. 31. c.

44. P. (Hetero.) lomariacea, Kze. ; st.6-12 in. 1., wiry, fiexuose, dark chesnut-
brown, naked ; fr. deltoid, about 4 in. each way, with a terminal linear lobe
and cut down below to a broadly- winged rachis into 2 or 4 pinnce on each side,
the lowest of which are much the largest and again deeply lobed on the lower
side ; primary and secondary lobes of the barren frond J-f in. br., of the fertile,
longer, narrower, and more divided ; texture subcoriaceous, both surfaces naked ;
veins very inconspicuous, close, fine, anastomosing slightly towards the margin ;
costce dark-coloured and polished like the stipe ; invol. rather broad, mem-
branous, ultimately spreading. — Pellsea, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 133.

fiab. Gathered by Sir R. Schomburgk and Appun in British Guiana, and by Messrs.
Gardner and Lindberg in the South of Brazil. This resembles very closely P. palmata in
habit, but the venation is quite different. The veins are very close, and nearly parallel,
simple or once forked, and the branches of the same veins or of two contiguous ones
occasionally join near the edge. The three plants brought together under this name in
" Species Filicum " must be separated, one to be placed near Pelloea geranicefolia, and
the other near P. palmata.

45. P. (Hetero.) grcmdifoUa, Linn. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., erect, naked, straw-
coloured, clothed below with rusty woolly scales ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., simply pinnate ;
pinnce linear, erecto-patent, entire, sessile, or the lower ones stalked, the lower
ones 6-12 in. 1., f-1 in. br. ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ;
veins fine, less than £ in. apart at the apex, anastomosing only in the outer third
of the space between the rachis and edge ; sori often continuous along the whole
length of the pinnse.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 201. t. 113. B.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies south ward to Peru. — P. vit-
tata, Schk., is a form with nearly free veins. Sir H. Barkly sends from Jamaica a form
\vith the pinnse curiously sinuated, and some of them branched.

§§§§ Campteria, Presl. Veins all free, except that those of the last divisions but
one are more or less connected by arching veins at the very base. Sp. 46-50.
TAB. III. f. 31. g.

46. P. (Camp.) biaurita, L. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, erect, naked, straw-coloured ;
fr. with a terminal pinna 6-12 in. 1., 1J-2 in. br., cut down within from ^-^ in.
of the rachis into numerous spreading linear-oblong lobes on each side, which^are
1 in. or more L, £ in. or less br. ; lateral pinnae several on each side, similar to
the terminal one, the lower ones 2 in. apart and usually once forked ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins prominent, those of the
ult. segm. quite free, usually once forked, | in. apart at the base, but the midrib
of the segments connected by an arching vein which passes from base to base ;
sori continued to the apex. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 204.

Hab. West Tropical Africa, Mauritius, Bourbon, Hindostan (ascending in the Hima-
layas to 4,000 ft.), Ceylon, Java, S. China, Malayan Peninsula, and Tropical America
from the West Indies southward to Brazil. — This differs only from P. quadriaurita in
the pinnae being less deeply pinnatifid, and the bases of the midribs of the segments being
connected by an arching vein. This arch springs normally from the bases of the midribs,
but sometimes begins and ends at points between them. It is sometimes triangular, but
sometimes very low, and in what Agardh considers as P. nemoralis, Willd., we have the
venation considered as characteristic of biaurita combined with the entirely free vena-
tion considered as characteristic of quadriaurita in one and the same frond, so that they
must be regarded as very doubtfully distinct. ' P. Galeotti, Fe"e ; P. amcena, Blume ;
P. atrovirens, Willd. ; and P. armata, Presl, are apparently allied plants ; and C. Kleini-
ana, Presl, and C. Anamallayensis, Beddome, I cannot distinguish clearly.

31. PTER1S, §§§§ CAMPTERIA. 165

47. P. (Camp.) patens, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., erect, naked, glossy, chesnut-
brown ; fr. ample, 3-4 ft. 1., 2 ft. or more br. ; terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., 1^-2
in. br., with several narrow linear lobes on each side, which are widened
suddenly on both sides within a short distance of the base, the barren ones
slightly serrated ; lateral pinnce numerous, similar but larger, sometimes 18 in. 1.,
2 in. br., the lowest forked ; texture scarcely coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; veins oblique, not conspicuous, usually once-forked, 1 line apart at the
base ; sori continued nearly to the end of the segment. — Hk> Sp. 2. p. 120. A.
P. decussata, J. ISm.

Hab. Ceylou, Borneo, Philippines, Society Islands. — By looking on the upper surface
towards the top of the frond, shallow costal arches may clearly be seen, so that Mr.
Thwaites is doubtless quite correct in his suggestion of the identity of Litobrochia Gard-
neri, Fe"e, with our plant. The sudden widening of the base of the often nearly opposite
lobes (which suggested J. Smith's name) is more conspicuous here than in any other of
the quadriaurita series.

48. P. (Camp.) triplicate Ag. ; st. strong, erect, smooth, naked ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1.,
9-12 in. br., the terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., 1-1 j in. br., cut down within \ in.
of the rachis into numerous spreading contiguous entire linear-oblong lobes,
which are f in. ]., ^ in. br., and blunt at the point; lateral pinnce few and
distant (4 to 6 on each side and the lowest 3 in. apart) with a stalk about 1 in. 1.,
an apex like the terminal pinna with a long entire caudate point and two smaller
stalked spreading pinnl.; texture scarcely coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; veins all free except the basal arch ; sori continuous along the whole
edge of the segments.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 205.

Hab. Mozambique ; gathered by Forbes, and said by Agardh to be also a plant of
Madagascar.

49. P. (Camp.) Melleri, Baker ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, naked, brownish ;
fr. 38 in. L, 9 in. br., the terminal pinna 4 in. 1., the upper two-thirds linear,
the apex sharply toothed, the rest broadly undulated at the margin, the lower
part with two linear lobes on each side; pinnce numerous, the upper pair
linear and sessile, 3 in. L, J in. br., all the lower ones more or less compound,
on petioles ^ in. or more 1., the point and often the pinnules linear entire ; lobes
not reaching down to the rachis, linear, bluntish, deeply serrated, the longest
about \ in. L, £ in. br., sometimes present on one side of the pinna or pinnule
and not on the other ; lowest pinna with 5 pinnules, which are again slightly
compound at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins united only by costal arches,
which are sometimes present, sometimes not when the pinnae and pinnules are
not pinnatifid ; rachis and both surfaces naked.

Hab. Cascades of the Anevoca Valley, Madagascar. Dr. Meller. — This may be a very
abnormal form of the preceding. We have a single specimen only.

50. P. (Camp.) Wallichiana, Agardh ; st. 5-6 ft. 1., strong, bright chesnut-
brown, naked, glossy ; fr. tripartite with lateral divisions again forked, the
central one often 2 ft. L, 1 ft. br., with numerous lanceolate sessile opposite
pinnl. on each side, the largest of which are 6 in. 1., under 1 in. br., cut down
within about 1 lin. of the rachis into numerous contiguous linear-oblong
lobes, §-| in. 1., £ in. br., nearly entire when barren ; lateral pinnw nearly as
large as the terminal one ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ;
veins not conspicuous, usually once forked near the base, 1 lin. apart ; sori con-
tinuous along nearly the whole length of the edge. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 206.

Hab. Himalayas (ascending to 8,000 ft.), Japan, and Philippine Islands.— Occasionally
an areole may be seen at the base of the segments near the arch, and it may be doubted

166 31. PTER1S, §§§§§ DORYOPTERIS.

whether this be not a Campteroid form of P. tripartita, which it resembles closely in all
respects except venation.

§§§§§ Doryopteris, J. Smith. Fronds small, sagittate or subpedate, veins
copiously anastomosing, without free included veinlets. Sp. 51-59.

51. P. (Dory.) lonchopkora, Metten. ; st. 1-1^ in. 1., naked, polished, dark
chesnut-brown ; Jr. 1-3 in. I., linear or linear-oblong from a cordate base, entire
or furnished at the base with two short spreading lobes with rounded basal
auricles, when undivided £-£ in. br. ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both
surfaces naked; veins anastomosing, immersed; sori subcontinuous ; invol.
crisped, subscariose. — Mett. Cheil. p. 5. t. 3.

Hab. Rio Janeiro.

52. P. (Dory.) sagittifolia, Raddi ; st. 4-6 in. ]., erect, naked, blackish,
polished ; fr. 4-6 in. 1. from the top of the stipe to the apex, 2-3 in. br. oppo-
site the former point, hastate-lanceolate or subtriangular, the basal lobes trian-
gular acuminate, directed downwards, the margin entire ; texture coriaceous ;
both surfaces naked ; midrib blackish like the stipe ; veins inconspicuous,
copiously anastomosing ; sori continued all round the margin. — Ex. F. t. 39. —
/3, P. hastata, Raddi ; with two large lateral lobes spreading horizontally in
addition to the deflexed basal ones.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 207.

Hab. Venezuela southward to Brazil.

53. P. (Dory.) ludens, Wallich ; st. naked, or below pubescent, polished,
nearly black, that of the barren frond 3-4 in. 1. ; barren fr. varying in shape
from triangular with two slightly deflexed basal lobes to hastate, with two basal
and two large spreading lateral lobes, the margin entire ; fertile fr. with a stalk
often 1 ft. 1., 4-6 in. each way, cut down into five linear-lanceolate or lanceolate
lobes, one erect, two spreading, and two deflexed, of which all, except the last,
are sometimes again forked ; texture coriaceous ; costa polished like the stipe ;
veins hidden ; sori continuous all round the margin. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 210.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Philippine Islands.

54. P. (Dory.) ornithopus, Metten. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., strong, wiry, flexuose,
polished, dark brownish-black, naked ; barren fr. 3 in. deep, 4 in. br., palmately
lobed, the central segment deep, triangular, the three lateral ones on each side
not so deep and blunter ; fertile fr. cut down within \ in. of the base into seven
entire linear lobes 2-3 in. 1., ^ in. br., the outer ones each with a smaller linear
lobe at the base, each with a broad thick central costa ; texture very leathery ;
both surfaces naked ; veins inconspicuous, anastomosing copiously ; invol. broad,
leathery.— P. lomariacea y, Hk. Sp. Fil.p. 133.

Hab. South of Brazil, Burchell, Gardner, and Lindberg. — This agrees with P. palmata
in texture and venation, differing in having on the fertile frond several narrow segments
like the claws of a bird radiating from an undivided centre.

55. P. (Dory.) palmata, Willd. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., erect, nearly naked,
polished, chesnut-brown ; fr. 4-9 in. each way, the barren ones with a broad
undivided centre and five or more triangular lobes, of which the terminal one is
the largest, the lowest deflexed and the sinuses rounded ; fertile fr. cut down to
a broadly winged centre into linear lobes, of which the upper ones are entire
and the lower ones again cut on the lower side, the longest entire ones 3-4 in. 1.,
£-§ in. br ; texture thick and coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; costce
black and polished ; veins anastomosing copiously ; sori continued to the apex of
the segments. — Hk. Gard. F. t. 22. P. pedata, Hk. Syn. Fil. 2. p. 208. in part.
P. eollina, Raddi. Dory, euchlora, Rlotzsch. D. nobilis, Hort.

31. PTERIS, §§§§§§ LITOBROCHIA. 167

Hab. Tropical America, from West Indies and Columbia southward to Peru and Rio
Janeiro ; and there is a specimen from Wallich marked P. Mysurensis, Heyne, from
Dindighul in Hindostan, in Herb. Hooker.

56. P. .(Dory.) pedata, Linn.; st. blackish, naked, polished, those of the"
barren fr. 3-4 in. 1. ; barren fr. 1-2 in. each way, with an almost entire triangular
apex, and a bluntly divided lateral lobe on each side ; fertile fr. 4-6 in. each way,
cut down nearly to the rachis into several pinnae on each side, of which the
upper ones are linear and entire (1-1£ in. 1., J-§ in. br.), the lowest pair much
larger than the others, and with several pinnules on the under side, the lowest
of which are again pinnatifid ; texture scarcely more than herbaceous ; rachis
and both surfaces naked ; costce dark-coloured and polished ; sori reaching to
the point of the segments. — Hk. Ex. F. p. 34. Sp. 2. p. 208. in part.

Hab. Tropical America, from the West Indies southward to Brazil.

57. P. (Dory.) decipiens, Hk. ; st. 6 in. 1., erect, naked, polished, nearly
black ; fr. 3-6 in. each way, nearly or quite cut down to the rachis above the
lower pair of pinnse ; upper divisions entire, falcate ; the central ones deeply cut,
the lower pair much larger than the others ; lowest pinnl. 1^-2 in. 1., cut down
nearly to the rachis into 3-6 deep linear-oblong lobes ; texture coriaceous,
rachis and both surfaces naked ; costce black, polished ; veins hidden, anasto-
mosing copiously ; sori reaching the tip of the segments. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 209.

Hab. Sandwich Isles. — Precisely resembling Pellcea geraniifolia in size and outline,
differing by its Pteroid sori and anastomosing venation.

58. P. (Dory.) Feliciennce, F. Muell. ; st. slender, smooth, 6 in. 1., stramineous
above, ebeneous at the base ; fr. cordate-deltoid in general outline, with a
terminal lobe and 3 to 5 deeply pinnatifid lanceolate oblong pinnce, the lowest
pair distant from the others, slightly stalked, 3 in. 1., the upper ones sessile or
decurrent ; lateral lobes of the pinnae ovate or oblong crenulate ; texture mem-
branous ; rachis slender, naked, stramineous ; veins reticulated. — F. Muell,
Frag. 36. p. 124.

Hab. Rockingham Bay, Australia, Dallachy. — This we have not seen.

59. P. (Dory.) decora, Bracken. ; st. 6-8 in. 1., erect, naked, dark chesnut-
brown ; fr. 3-4 in each way, with a narrow linear terminal lobe decurrent
down to 2 or 3 pairs of similar lateral ones, and below these two pairs of
compound pinnce, the lowest cut down to the base into three principal divisions,
each again pinnate, their lowest segm. nearly 2 in. 1., less than 1 lin. br. ; texture
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins quite hidden ; sori reaching
to the apex of the segments. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 210. Brack, t. 13.

Hab. Sandwich Islands ; discovered by the American Exploring Expedition ; and very
fine specimens have since been gathered by Dr. Hillebrand. — Although the pagina is so
narrow, the veins clearly anastomose.

§§§§§§ Litobrochia, Presl. Habit of Eupteris, veins copiously anastomosing,
without free included veinkts. Sp. 60-87. TAB. III. f. 31. h.

* Integrifoliw. Sp. 60-63.

60. P. (Lito.) Vieillardi, Metten. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., erect, wiry, naked, chesnut-
brown, that of the barren fr. shorter than that of the fertile one, both (in our
specimens) with a long linear central lobe, which is 6 in. 1., in the barren one
1 in., and in the fertile one f in. br., quite entire, and two smaller lateral ones ;
texture coriaceous, both surfaces naked ; veins anastomosing copiously ; sori con-
tinuous to the apex of the pinnse. — Metten. Fil. Nov. Cat. p. 12.

168 31. PTERIS, §§§§§§ LITOBROCHIA.

Hab. New Caledonia ; discovered by M. Vieillard. — A very distinct species, the least
divided of the subgenus.

61. P. (Lito.) lancece folia, Agardh ; st. erect, naked, pale, glossy ; fr. simply
pinnate, 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br. ; pinnae linear, entire, slightly stalked,, 4- 6 in. 1.,
•£ in. br., erecto-patent, the lowest about 1 in. apart ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins copiously anastomosing ; sori very narrow ;
falling short of the apex of the pinnae. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 212. P. alternifolia,
Bojer.

Hab. Madagascar ; discovered by M. Bojer.

62. P. (Lito.) splendens, Kaulf. ; st. erect, naked, dull, slightly scabrous ; fr.
ample, simply pinnate, with numerous pairs of nearly sessile linear pinnce, the
largest of which are 1 ft. 1., more than 1 in. br., spinuloso-serrated towards the
acuminate point ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins con-
spicuous, copiously anastomosing ; sori falling rather short of the apex of the
pinnse, ultimately hiding the narrow invol. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 211.

Hab. Brazil. — P. chrysodloides and papyracea of Fe*e appear to be closely allied.
Frond sometimes quite entire.

63. P. (Lito.) Mannii, Baker ; st. 3 ft. 1., slender, flexuose, down}'- ; fr.
12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., the terminal pinna subhastate with two erecto-patent,
broad-lanceolate lobes ; lateral pinnce in 5 to 7 nearly opposite pairs, 1^-3 in.
apart, the lowest pair but one the largest, 6 in. 1., under 1 in. br., linear, the
point acute, the margin only slightly sinuated, the base deeply cordate, and the
upper side slightly auricled ; texture herbaceous ; rachis rather thickly clothed
with fine spreading hairs, and both surfaces, especially the midrib, also hairy ;
veins fine, anastomosing copiously ; sori continuous along the undulated edge
nearly to the point.

Hab. Fernando Po ; discovered by Gustave Mann.

** Pinnate. Sp. 64-71.

64. P. (Lito.) laurea, Desv. ; st. 1 ft. 1., erect, naked, polished, straw-coloured
or pale bright-brown ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 9 in. br., oblong, the terminal pinna
linear, entire, deeply serrated towards the point, 6 in. or more 1., £-f in. br. ;
lateral pinnce numerous, 1-2 in. apart at the base, even the upper ones slightly
compound, the lower ones branched, with a long entire point and one or
two small stalked linear pinnl. on each side, which are occasionally again
compound ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins l-l£
lin. apart at the base, and the bases sometimes connected by a transverse veinlet,
often twice branched before they reach the edge ; invol. narrow, membranous.
— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 166. P. triphylla, Agardh. Hk. Fil. 2. p. 171. t. 131. B.

Hab. Madagascar ; gathered originally by Dr. Lyall, and much finer specimens have
been sent recently by Dr. Meller.

66. P. (Lito.) Currori, Hk. ; st. stout, erect, naked, straw-coloured ; fr.
ample, several ft. 1., 2 ft. or more br., the terminal pinna subhastate, deeply
lobed ; lateral pinnce numerous, the upper ones 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. br., the margin
deeply and broadly sinuated, the lowest (in our specimens) in opposite sessile
pairs 2-3 in. distant from the next pair, 16 in. 1., 5 in. br., cut down within a
very short distance of the rachis in the lower part into lanceolate sinuated lobes
3 in. deep, % in. br. ; texture scarcely more than herbaceous ; rachis and both
surfaces slightly hairy ; veins fine, copiously anastomosing ; sori in numerous
patches, which are sometimes interrupted and very short. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 232.
t. 140. — j3, P.Barteri; rachis hairy; costa beneath and whole under surface
clothed with long, fine spreading hairs ; veins stronger and more prominent.

31. PTERIS, §§§§§§ LITOBKOCHIA. 169

Hab. Discovered at or near Elephants' Bay, West Tropical Africa, by the late Dr.
Curror, and fine specimens were procured on the mountains of Fernando Po at 3-500 ft.,
by Gustave Mann. — /3, which is not unlikely a distinct species, was gathered on the
Niger expedition by Barter, who describes the rhizome as creeping. This comes very-
near Lonchitis in texture, and the sori are often only reniform, and show a decided
preference for the sinuses.

66. P. (Lito.) denticulata, Swartz ; st. about 1 ft. 1., slender, wiry, naked ;
fr. 12-24 in. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; upper pinna simple, linear, 4-6 in. 1., ^-f in. br.,
united at the base, finely spinuloso-serrated when barren, those next in order
quite cut down to the rachis and forked, the lower ones often pinnatifid with
several linear pinnnl.9 especially on the lower side ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins
fine, anastomosing copiously ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; sori not quite
reaching the point of the pinnules. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 215. Hie. & Gr. t. 28. —
/8, P. Brasiliensis, Raddi ; pinncs broader, 6-9 in. 1., 1 in. br., more compound. —
».#/>. 2. j>. 214.

Hab. Tropical America, from the West Indies southward to Brazil. — The typical form
much resembles cretica in general aspect.

67. P. (Lito.) Hcenkeana, Presl ; st. 1-3 ft. 1., pale, firm, naked ; fr. several
ft. ]., the upper part with numerous, simple, linear pinnae on both sides, which
are 6-9 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., acuminate at the point, narrowed gradually towards the
base, the lower ones slightly stalked and about 2 in. apart, the barren ones
finely spinuloso-serrated, the lower pinnae often 1 ft. or more 1., spreading with
numerous similar pinnl.; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ;
veins fine, clearly visible, anastomosing copiously ; sori not quite reaching the
point of the pinnules. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 213.

Hab. Tropical America, from Guatemala and New Granada southward to Peru.

68. P. (Lito.) pulchra, Schlecht. ; st. strong, erect, naked, polished, straw-
coloured ; fr. ample, simply pinnate above, with numerous sessile linear,
acuminate pinnce on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1., ^-f in. br., slightly serrated
towards the point, lower pinnae simply pinnate, 1 ft. or more 1., 6-9 in. br.,
nearly opposite, 1 in. or more apart ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both
surfaces naked ; veins fine and numerous ; sori not extending to the apex of the
pinnules, ultimately concealing the invol. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 213.

Hab. Mexico, ascending to 5,000 feet.

69. P. (Lito.) macroptera, Link ; st. 1 ft. or more ]., erect, naked, polished,
straw-coloured or brownish ; fr. 2 ft. or more 1., 12-18 in. br., cut down very
nearly to the rachis in the upper part into numerous linear lobes, the lowest
of which are 6-9 in. 1., ^ in. br., with about 1 in. between them at the base, the
point narrowed very gradually and very faintly toothed when barren ; lat.
pinnce few, often a single pair only, like the terminal one, but smaller ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins fine but con-
spicuous ; sori not reaching the apex of the segments.

Hab. Brazil, Burchell, &c.

70. P. (Lito.) vestita, Baker ; st. slender, erect, 1 ft. or more 1., villose when
young, straw-coloured or brownish ; fr. 18-24 in. 1. ; terminal pinna 12-15 in. L,
2\ in. br., cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into numerous lobes on both
sides, the upper ones close, the lower ones 1 £ in. 1., f in. br., falcate with a space
between them ; lateral pinnce two on each side (in our specimens), spreading,
like the terminal one but smaller, caudate at the point ; main rachis and those
of the pinnae densely villose ; both surfaces hairy ; veins fine, anastomosing
copiously ; sori confined to the inner two-thirds of the segments ; invol. con-
sisting principally of a dense fringe of strong hairs.

Hab. Peru, Spruce, 4063. — Habit most like the next, but the pinnae much larger and.
fewer.

170 31. PTEiUS, §§§§§§ LITOBROCHIA.

71. P. (Lito.) Junghunhii, Baker; st. firm, erect, polished, nearly straw-
coloured ; fr. 2 ft. 1., with numerous pinnce on each side, which are cut down
two-thirds of the way to the rachis into linear-oblong falcate lobes ^ in. br. at
the base, the lowest (in our specimens) simple, 9 in. 1., 1 in. br. : texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins fine, anastomosing principally
in costal arches and in the space between the sinuses and midrib ; sori reaching
nearly to the point of the segments. — Campteria, Reinw.

Hab. Java, -De Vriese. — Habit of quadriaurita, but texture firm, and pinnse with an
undivided central space more than \ in. br.

*** Bipinnatce. Sp. 72-81.

72. P. (Lito.) ciliaris, Eaton ; sf. about ] ft. 1., naked, polished, straw-coloured
or bright-brown ; fr. 9-12 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., subdeltoid, tripinnate ; terminal pinna
linear, 2 in. 1., ^ in. br., serrated when barren, uppermost pair simple, the next
forked at the base, the lowest about 2 in. apart, deltoid, 2-3 in. each way ;
lowest pinnl. also deltoid, with two segm. on each side, the lowest forked, upper
segm. decurrent ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins fine,
distant, anastomosing into irregular costal arches in the lower half of the
segments ; sori falling short of the point.— Eaton, Fil Wright & Fendl. p. 203.

Hab. Cuba, Wright, 868.

73. P. (Lito.) spinulifera, Schum. ; st. 1 ft. ]., polished, more or less prickly ;
fr. 1-2 ft. 1. ; terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., cut down within a short

distance of the rachis into numerous linear lobes 1-1^ in. 1., j-f in. br., which
are slightly toothed when barren ; lateral pinna? in numerous opposite pairs, the
lowest sometimes 1 ft. 1., the lobes similar to those of the terminal one, the lowest
pair forked, with a similar smaller pinnl. on the under side ; both surfaces naked;
rachis of the pinnl. beneath sometimes, but not always, furnished with a row of
weak prickles ; texture herbaceous ; veins fine and inconspicuous ; sori not reaching
to the point of the segments. — HTc. Sp. 2. p. 221.

Hab. Guinea Coast and Angola. — Habit of P. quadriaurita, but with prickly sterna
and anastomosing venation.

74. P. (Lito.) woodwardioides, Bory ; st. 6-12 in. 1., naked, erect, straw-
coloured ; fr. 12-18 in. 1.; terminal pinna 6-9 in. ]., 2 in. br., cut down to a
broadly-winged rachis into numerous spreading linear lobes on both sides,
the barren ones blunt and not toothed ; lateral pinnae in a few approximated
pairs, the lowest as large as the terminal one, the lowest bipartite ; longest segm.
ITT in. 1., | in. br. ; texture thinly herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ;
veins fine, anastomosing principally in costal arches ; sori falling rather short of
the point of the segments. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 220.

Hab. Mauritius. Habit of large quadriaurita, thinly herbaceous in texture. M. Fe"e
has two Bourbon species of this group, L. borbonica and Montbrisonis, which I cannot
separate by the descriptions alone. Is not P. pseudo-lonchitis, Bory, a Campteroid form
of this species ?

75. P. (Lito.) Milneana, Baker ; st. strong, erect, polished, yellowish-brown ;
fr. 2-3 ft. 1., with numerous pinnce on each side, cut down throughout nearly to
the rachis into linear-oblong falcate lobes ^-f in. 1., 2 lin. br., the lowest
6-9 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., with a single similar but smaller pinnl. at the base on the
lower side ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins anasto-
mosing copiously ; sori falling short of the subentire tips. — P. tripartita y, Ilk. Sp.
2. p. 226. t. 138." B.

Hab. Solomon Isles, Milne, 511 ; Fiji, Milne, Harvey, and a plant from Queensland
with simple lower pinna; from Mr. Hill is probably the same. — Habit of P.

31. PTERTS, §§§§§§ LITOBROCHIA. 171

76. P. (Lito.) decurrcns, Presl ; st. 1 ft. 1., strong, erect, naked, straw-
coloured ; fr. l|-3 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., the terminal pinna (5-1) in. 1., 1^-2 in. br.,
cut down to a broadly- winged rachis into numerous linear slightly toothed and
slightly falcate lobes, 1-1^ in. 1., \ in. br. ; lateral pinnae numerous, the uppep-
ones narrowly decurrent at the base, the lower pair about 2 in. below the next,
and bipartite ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces hairy ; veins fine,
inconspicuous, anastomosing copiously ; sori reaching nearly to the tip of the
segments.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 221.

Hab. South of Brazil. — Habit of quadriaurita, with decurrent upper pinnae and both
surfaces conspicuously hairy.

77. P. (Lito.) macilenta, Cunning. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., naked, straw-coloured,
brownish and scabrous below ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1. ; terminal pinna 4-8 in. 1., cut down
nearly to the rachis into several deeply sinuated and toothed oblong lobes on each
side ; lot. pinnae numerous, the upper ones 2 in. apart at the base, cut down quite
to the rachis below into deeply lobed deltoid pinttl., the lower ones 1 ft. 1. and very
compound ; texture thinly herbaceous ; rachis naked, straw-coloured, slender,
flexuose ; veins fine, not anastomosing much except the costal arches ; sori not
reaching the point of the segments. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 219.

Hab. New Zealand. — The largest ultimate segments not cut down to the rachis are
about 1| in. 1., f in. br. A well-marked species.

78. P. (Lito.) comans, Forst. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., naked, erect, glossy;
terminal pinna 1 ft. or more 1., cut down nearly to the rachis into long linear
lobes, which are sometimes 4 in. 1., ^ in. br., suddenly decurrent at the base,
bluntly toothed when barren ; lateral pinnce in a few opposite pairs, sometimes
18 in. 1., 6 in. br., the lowest sometimes slightly compound at the base ; rachis
and both surfaces naked ; texture thinly herbaceous ; veins fine, anastomosing
copiously ; sori falling short of the apex of the segments. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 219. —
/3, P. Endlicheriana, Ag. ; fr, much larger ; lobes smaller with sinuated margins ;
lower pinnce very compound, their pinnl. 6-9 in. 1., deltoid, with numerous
deeply pinnatifid lanceolate segm. on both sides. — Hk. I. c. Ic. PI. t. 973.

Hab. Polynesian Islands, Juan Fernandez, Norfolk Island, New Zealand, Van
Diemen's Land. — Though P. comans and Endliclieriana are very different in the extreme
states, they appear to be quite connected by intermediate stages. The Juan Fernandez
plant (P. Bert&'oana, Ag.) corresponds very nearly with the former. The allied P. Icevis,
Metten., from New Caledonia, we do not possess.

79. P. (Lito.) aculeata, Swartz ; st, 2 ft. 1. or more, smooth or rough with
raised points, naked ; fr. ample ; terminal pinna 6-12 in. 1., cut down nearly to
the rachis throughout into lobes 1^-2 in. 1., ^-§ in. br., the point acuminate,
sterile parts finely serrated ; lateral pinnce numerous, upper ones simple, lower
compound, sometimes 18 in, 1., 9 in. br., with numerous pinnatifid/^Vm/. on both
sides; rachis and surfaces naked; texture herbaceous ; veins fine, anastomosing
copiously ; sori not reaching the points. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 224.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico southward to Brazil and Peru. — P. propinqna, Ag., and
P. polita, Link, appear to be forms of this, differing, the former by its more coriaceous
texture, the latter by its less compound lower pinnfe. P. Beecheyana, Ag., agrees with
the latter. L. Tussaci and grandis, Fee, are allied plants unknown to us.

J?0. P. (Lito.) leptophylla, Swartz ; st. erect, firm, straw-coloured, 6-9 in. 1. ;
fr. 9-12 in. each way, deltoid ; a few of the tipper pinnce simple, the largest of
these under 1 in. l./J in. br., decurrent at the base, strongly spinuloso-serrated
when barren, the central ones lanceolate pinnatifid with numerous similar pinnl.
and caudate, the lowest deltoid, with pinnules often 2 in.]., and again pinnatifid ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins fine, usually anasto-

172 31. PTERIS, §§§§§§ LITOBROCHIA.

mosing once only between the midrib and margin ; sori not reaching the tip of
the segm. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 216. Gard. Ferns, t. 23.

Hab. Brazil.

81. P. (Lito.) incisa, Thunbg. ; St. stout, erect, polished, straw-coloured or
bright-brown, sometimes slightly muricated towards the base ; fr. often several
ft. 1., bi- or tripinnate, only the uppermost pinnce simply pinnate with entire
linear-oblong ptnnl., those next in order with numerous' pinnatifid pinnules
2-3 in. 1., about f in. br., in opposite pairs, the lowest often quite close to the
stem, reduced in size and their segments dilated, the lowest pinnae often very
large and compound ; texture herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; under surface often
glaucous ; veins free or more or less anastomosing ; sori interrupted or con-
tinuous, often reaching the point of the segments. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 230. P. Ves-
pertilionis, Labill. P. sinuata, Brack. Hk. Sp. 2. p. 232. /3, P. aurita,
Blume ; lowest pair of pinnules quite simple and closely adpressed to the stem
at the base of the pinnae.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 231.

Hab. Tropical America from West Indies and Columbia southward to Chili, Juan
Fernandez, and Brazil ; Polynesia ; Himalayas, and Formosa, southward to New
Zealand, Van Diemen's Land, and Ceylon ; Mascaren Isles, Cape Colony, "West Tropical
Africa. — A very variable plant in size, cutting, texture, and venation. It is often
scandent, with long spreading rigid branches, and is said to attain a length of 10 yards.
In a form gathered by Capt. Carmichael in the island of Tristan d'Acunha, the veins do
not anastomose at all ; often there is only a single arch on each side of the costa at the
base of a segment, and in specimens, otherwise quite similar, there is copious joining
towards the edge. Sometimes the sori are confined to the sinuses, as in Lonchitis.

**** Tripartite?. Sp. 82-87.

82. P. (Lito.) tripartite Swartz; st. 1 ft. or more 1., strong, erect, naked,
polished, straw-coloured or brownish ; fr. tripartite, the central portion 2 ft. 1. or
more ; terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., ^-1 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into
numerous closely-placed linear Jobes on each side, which are very slightly
toothed when barren ; lateral pinnce very numerous, closely placed, all un-
branched ; lateral divisions similar to the central one but smaller, sometimes
forked again ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; texture usually herbaceous ;
veins fine, anastomosing principally in arches against the midrib ; sori falling
rather short of the point of the segments. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 225. excl. (3 and y.

Hab. Polynesian and Malayan Islands from the Philippines southward to the Isle of
Pines, Erromanga, Queensland ; Malayan Peninsula, Ceylon, Sylhet, Seychelles,
Mauritius, Bourbon, and West Tropical Africa. — P. heterophlebia, Kunze, Bot. Zeit. 6.
p. 197, is probably a form of this with the veins usually only anastomosing once between
the midrib and edge of the segments.

83. P. (Lito.) Luschnathiana, Baker ; st. 2 ft. 1., strong, erect, naked, straw-
coloured ; fr. tripartite, with the three divisions nearly equal ; terminal pinna
6-9 in. 1., ]^ in. br., cut down to a broadly-winged rachis, into numerous
narrow falcate linear lobes with a broad sinus between them, which are finely
spinuloso-serrated when barren ; lateral pinnce numerous, similar, the lowest
2 in. below the next, not forked ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins fine,
scarcely anastomosing in the ultimate segments except in costal arches in the
lower half ; sori falling short of the point. — Campteria, Klotssch.

Hab. Brazil, Luschnath.

84. P. (Lito.) podophylla, Swartz ; st. 4 ft. 1. or more, ^-f in. thick at the
base, muricated below, straw-coloured, glossy ; fr. ample, ternately divided ;
terminal pinna 6 in. 1. or more, 1-1^ in. br., cut down two-thirds of the way to
the rachis into numerous linear-oblong falcate lobes, which are finely spinuloso-

31. PTERIS, §§§§§§§ AMPHIBLESTRA. 173

serrated when barren ; lateral pinnae in numerous closely-placed nearly opposite
pairs, 6-9 in. ]., 1-1^ in. br., with numerous lobes similar to those of the terminal
one ; lateral divisions of thefr. like the terminal one, but smaller ; texture thick,
coriaceous, both surfaces and the glossy straw-coloured rachis naked, or nearly-
so ; veins fine, inconspicuous ; sori continuous, falling short of the apex of the
segm.—Ilk. Sp. 2. p. 227. Gard. F. t. 55. L. camptocarpa, Fee. Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 229. — (3, P. setifera, Fee ; pinnce smaller ; segm. narrower and sharper. —
Hk. Sp. 2. p. 224.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies southward to the Andes of Ecuador. — In texture this
is most like P. deflexa and coriacea, with which it agrees in its tripartite habit. A plant
from Java, sent by De Vriese without name, may be identical with P. setifera.

85. P. (Lito.) Kunzeana, Agardh ; st. 3 ft. 1., strong, erect, naked, polished,
straw-coloured or reddish-brown, muricated below ; fr. ample ; terminal pinna
1 ft. 1., 3 in. br., cut down two-thirds of the way to the rachis into numerous
linear sharp-pointed falcate lobes, which are slightly spinuloso-serrated when
barren ; lateral pinnce in numerous nearly opposite pairs, the lower ones stalked,
equalling or exceeding the terminal one in size and similarly pinnatipartite, the
lowest pair large, deltoid, compound below, with smaller similar pinnl. ; texture
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins anastomosing copiously ; sori
falling short of the apex of the segm. — Hk. /Sp. 2. p. 221. t. 139.

Hab. Tropical America, from West Indies and Ecuador southward to Peru. — This is
united by Dr, Grisebach with podophylla, but seems saisfactorily distinct. The pinnae
are very much larger, so that there is sometimes a space of fully £ in. between their
sinuses and the rachis. I gather from one of Dr. Spruce's notes, that this also is
tripartite in habit, and cannot from the descriptions and authenticated specimens dis-
tinguish P. longibracteata, Ag., which has equally large pinnae and segments.

86. P. (Lito.) elata, Agardh ; st. 2-3 ft. 1., erect, naked, glossy, straw-coloured;
fr. ample, tripartite; terminal pinna 12-18 in. 1., cut down nearly or quite to the
rachis into numerous linear lobes on both sides, which are 3-5 in. 1., ^ in. or
more br., spinuloso-serrated when barren ; upper lot. pinnce 6 in. 1., not cut
down to the rachis ; lower ones equalling in size and cutting the terminal one,
the lateral divisions of the frond deltoid, 2-3 ft. 1. ; texture subcoriaceous ; raehis
and both surfaces naked ; veins fine, anastomosing copiously ; sori falling short
of the points of the segments.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 223.

Hab. Tropical America from Panama southward to Ecuador.

87. P. (Lito.) gigantea, Willd. ; st. 2-3 ft. 1., stout, erect, naked, polished ; fr.
tripartite ; terminal pinna 1 ft. 1., 3 in. br., cut down to a broadly-winged rachis
into numerous linear falcate lobes, which are a little bluntly toothed when
barren ; lot. pinnce numerous, the largest often 18 in. 1., 4 in. br., the largest
pinnl. nearly 2 in. 1., more than ^ in. br. ; lot. divisions 2 ft. 1., deltoid ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins fine, anastomosing
copiously ; sori falling short of the apex of the segments.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 217.
P. crassipes, Ag. Hk. I. c.

Hab. West Indies and Columbia southward to Peru.

§§§§§§§ Amphiblestra, Presl. Veins copiously anastomosing, with free included
veinlets. Sp. 84. TAB. III. f. 31 . i.

88. P. (Amphi.) latifolia, H.B. K. ; fr. 1-2 ft. L, with a large terminal and a
pair of lateral pinnce, the former with an oblong-triangular sinuated acuminated
apex and two spreading lanceolate lateral lobes, the lateral ones sometimes
1 ft. L, 2 in. br., nearly entire ; texture herbaceous ; principal veins nearly
parallel, about 1 in. apart.— Hk. Sp. 2. p. 233.

Hab. Venezuela ; gathered first by Humboldt and Bonpland.

174 33. LOMARIA, § EULOMARIA.

GEN. 32. CERATOPTERIS, Brong.

Sori placed on two or three veins which run down the frond longitudinally,
and are nearly parallel both with the edge and midrib. Caps, scattered on
the receptacles, sessile, subglobose, with a ring which is either complete,
or more or less partial or obsolete. Invol. formed of the reflexed margin of the
frond, those of the two sides meeting against the midrib. A very anomalous
qenus, regarded by some as a distinct suborder and placed by others in Polypodiese.
TAB. III. f. 32.

1. C. thalictroides, Brong. ; st. tufted, thick, inflated, filled with large air-
cells \fr. succulent in texture, the barren ones floating, simple or slightly divided
when young, bi- or tripinnate, with narrow linear seym. when mature, fertile ones
bi- or tripinnate ; ult. segm. podlike. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 236.

Hab. Throughout the Tropics in quiet waters ; Mexico and W. Indies southward to
Brazil ; Punjaub southward to Tropical Australia, Madagascar, Angola, West Tropical
Africa. — Parkeria pteroides, Hk. Gr. Ic. t. 97, is the form without a ring to the capsule.

GEN. 33. LOMARIA, Willd.

Sori linear, "continuous, parallel with the midrib and occupying the whole or
nearly the whole of the space between it and the edge. Invol. membranous,
formed of the revolute edge of the frond. Fronds dimorphous, usually once
pinnatifid or pinnate, rarely simple or bipinnate. Veins free, except casually in one
species. A considerable genus, closely connected with Blechnum, most of the species of
which resemble one another closely in habit and cutting, which has its head-quarters
in the South Temperate Zone, with outliers all over the world. TAB. IV. f. 33.

§ Eulomaria. Base of the stipe not suddenly dilated and glandular. Ring of
capsule vertical. Sp. 1-33.

Frond simple or central and lower pinnce of the sterile frond more or less
dilated and connected at the base. Sp. 1-20.

t Fronds simple or pinnce few. Sp. 1-2.

1. L. Patersoni, Spreng. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 2-3 in. 1., wiry, erect,
rather scaly below ; sterile fr. about 1 ft. 1., under 1 in. br., broadest one-third
of the distance from the top, narrowed very gradually downwards, the point
acuminate, the margin cartilaginous and wavy ; texture coriaceous, veins incon-
spicuous ; fertile fr. as long but only ^ in. br. ; sori occupying the whole space
between the midrib and margin. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 3. F. Ex. t. 49. L. Cumingiana,
Hk. Sp. 3. t. 143. — /3, L. elongata, Blume ; both sterile and fertile fr. pinnatifid,
2 ft. 1. or more, the former cut down nearly to the rachis into 6 to 9 pinnos
on each side, which are often 6-9 in. 1., nearly 1 in. br., and suddenly decurrent
at the base, the fertile pinnae often numerous on each side, erecto-patent, 6 in. L,
^ in. br. — L. Colensoi, Hk. fil. L. punctata, Blume.

Hab. a, S. Australia, Van Diemen's Land, and Philippines. — /3, Neilgherries and
Ceylon eastward and southward to Fiji and New Zealand. — The two supposed species
were at first believed — Patersoni to be always simple, and elongata to be always pinnate ;
but the Australian one has now been traced into a pinnate form, and the Polynesian
into a simple form in the fertile state, and in each case I cannot find any character to
distinguish these from the other supposed species. As in most of others, the fronds are
occasionally in part sterile and in part fertile. The pinnae are fewer and more distant
from one another than in any of the species that follow, and their decurrent base is
broader and more conspicuous.

33. LOMARIA, § EULOMARTA. 175

2. L. Viellardii, Baker ; caudex stout, erect, woody ; st. 3-4 in. 1., clothed
below with large dark-brown lanceolate scales ; sterile fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 1-3 in.
br., varying in shape from linear and entire to oblong, with a long, linear,
entire point and cut down within ^ in. of the rachis into several pinnce on-
each side, which are 1^-2 in. 1., \ in. br., furnished with a distinct wavy
cartilaginous border and subdentate towards the apex; the base gradually
narrowed into an undulated wing to the rachis, with sometimes a few distinct
auriculate lobes ; texture coriaceous ; veins fine, rather distant ; fertile fr. quite
simple or pinnate, with several narrow distinct linear pinnce on each side, which
are 3-4 in. 1., ^-f in. apart at the base. — Blechnum, Metten. Annales, series 4.
vol. 15. p. 70.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 48.

ft Attenuata group. Fronds ample, ovate ; pinnce numerous, 2 in. or more long.
Sp. 3-10.

3. L. ciliata, Moore ; caudex a span high, 1| in. thick ; st. blackish, slightly
scaly below ; fr. not numerous, 8-12 in. L, ovato-oblong, simply pinnate ; barren
pinnce linear-oblong, the lower ones distant and narrowed below ; the upper
ones more approximate, adnato-decurrent, with a broad rounded auricle at the
base on the lower side, bluntish, frequently emarginate or bifid, the margins
lobed and spinuloso-ciliated ; texture firm but thin ; veins usually once forked ;
fertile pinnce narrow, linear, decurrent, sometimes slightly pinnatifid ; rachis
dark-coloured like the stipe, slightly scaly below. — Moore, Gard. Chron. 1866.
p. 290.

Hab. New Caledonia ; imported by Mr. Veitch. — This I have not seen, and rely
entirely upon Mr. Moore for its characters. "Allied to L. gibba, in the swollen
decurrent bases of the pinnae, but differing in its less numerous fronds, and in the much
less crowded series of pinnae as well as in their very apparent fringe of spinulose teeth."

4. L. gibba, Labill. ; caud. 2-3 ft. high ; st. short, strong, erect, densely clothed
below with long, linear-subulate black scales ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 6 in. br., both
barren and fertile with very numerous erecto-patent pinnce on each side, those of
the former 4-6 in. 1., J-f in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis, dilated and con-
nected at the base, the lower ones growing shorter very gradually, the margin
nearly entire ; texture coriaceous ; veins once forked, fine, subparallel ; fertile
pinnce 4-6 in. 1., | in. br., the sori occupying the whole space between the edge
and midrib ; rachis stout, the lower half fibrillose like the stipe. — HTc. Sp. 3. p. 5.

Hab. New Caledonia, Aneiteum, Isle of Pines. — A large stout plant much resembling
L. attenuata, in the shape of the pinnae and the gradual way in which they decrease
downwards, but differing by its dark bristly scales, which extend considerably up the
rachis. A specimen from Erromanga, from K. Brown's herbarium, has the sori not
quite marginal.

5. L. discolor, Willd. ; caud. stout, ascending ; st. 3-6 in. 1., strong, black,
glossy, densely clothed at the base with long, dark, linear-subulate scales ; fr.
1-3 ft. 1., the barren one 4-6 in. br., narrowed gradually at the base ; pinnce
numerous, spreading, contiguous, linear, 2-3 in. 1., f in. br., cut down very
nearly to the rachis, narrowed suddenly towards the point, the margin wavy ;
texture coriaceous ; veins prominent, close, subparallel ; fertile pinnce as numerous
but narrower and shorter ; rachis naked, usually reddish-black in the fertile
frond.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 5.

Hab. Australia, Van Diemen's Land, and New Zealand ; abundant. — Dr. Mueller
sends a curious bipinnatifid form. "Very similar to L. attenuata, but usually larger, the
fronds forming an elegant crown, red-brown below, the pinnules narrower, those of the
fertile frond often leafy at the base."— Dr. Hooker.

176. 33. LOMARIA, § EULOMARIA.

6. L. attenuata, Willd. ; caud. long, horizontal, stout, densely clothed at the
apex with linear-subulate, bright-brown scales ; st. 4-6 in. 1., erect, naked or
slightly scaly below ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate, narrowed very gradually
downwards ; barren pinnae numerous, contiguous, spreading, linear, 3-4 in. L,
^-f in. br., narrowing gradually towards the point, which is sometimes bluntly
serrated, dilated on both sides at the base ; texture coriaceous ; veins strong ;
fertile pinnae as numerous but very narrow (^-1 lin. br.) ; rachis naked. — Hk.
Sp. 3. p. 6. L. gigantea, Kaulf. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 10.

Hab. America from the West Indies and Guatemala southward to Brazil and Juan
Fernandez ; Polynesian Islands, Norfolk Island, Mauritius, Bourbon, Fernando Po, and
Cape Colony. — L. pteropus, Kunze, is evidently a form with the lower pinnae confluent.
Occasionally all the pinnae are obliterated, and we have an entire lanceolate frond like
that of L. Patersoni.

7. L. L'Herminieri, Bory ; caud. ultimately elongated, densely clothed with
linear dark-brown scales ; st. 4-6 in. 1., strong, erect, dark-brown, paleaceous ;
barren fr. ovate-lanceolate, 9-15 in. L, 3-4 in. br. ; the pinnae dilated at the base,
slightly falcate, 2 in. or rather more 1., \ in. br., the point bluntish, a few of the
lower ones cut down suddenly into mere auricles ; texture coriaceous ; colour
dark-green, both surfaces naked ; veins not conspicuous ; fertile pinnce 2-3 in.
1., J in. br., the lower ones ^-1 in. apart at the base. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 9. Gard.
Ferns, t. 40.

Hab. America from the West Indies and Columbia southward to Chili. — A smaller
plant than L. attenuata, narrowed more suddenly below, with shorter, broader, and
blunter pinnae.

8. L. divergens, Kunze ; caud. thick, creeping or suberect, densely scaly at the
crown ; st. 6-12 in. 1., stout, erect, dark- coloured, naked ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 9-12 in. br.,
oblong-lanceolate, abruptly terminated at the base ; pinnce very numerous on
each side, spreading, those of the barren frond 4-6 in. L, ^-f in. br., cut down
very nearly to the base, the edges flat, entire, contiguous, the point acuminated ;
texture subcoriaceous ; veins obscure, subparallel, nearly J in. apart at the base ;
fertile pinnce 4-6 in. 1., J in. br., often variously curved, dilated at the base,
rachis naked. — L. Plumieri, Desv. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 7.

Hab. Tropical America from the West Indies and Columbia southward to Rio Janeiro
and Peru. — In some of the forms the pinnae are nearly equal at the base, in others few in
number and conspicuously dilated. This and the next may be known from all the pre-
ceding by the abrupt termination of the frond in a downward direction, the lowest pair
of pinnae being usually not much shorter than the others.

9. L. vulcanica, Blume ; caud. thick, erect or subprostrate, densely clothed at the
crown with subulate blackish scales ; st. 4-6 in. L, pale, erect, paleaceous below ;
fr. 6-18 in. L, 3-6 in. br., the barren one ovate-lanceolate, not narrowed at the base
or the lower pinnae abbreviated ; pinnce spreading, lanceolate, 2-4 in. 1., ^-§in.
br., the base slightly dilated, the point acute or bluntish, the lowest pair
deflexed ; texture coriaceous, the margin cartilaginous and undulated ; veins fine
and prominent beneath, the surface and margin often slightly hairy ; fertile
pinnce linear, distant, dilated suddenly at the base, 2-4 in. L, £ in. br. — Hk. Sp.
3. p. 13. Ic. t. 969. L. pilosa, Brack.

Hab. Java, Polynesian Islands, New Zealand, and Van Diemen's Land.

10. L. opaca, Baker ; caud. ascending, clothed at the crown with numerous
linear dark-brown scales ; barren fr. ovate, narrowed very gradually below,
6-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnce numerous, close, spreading horizontally, linear-
oblong, 1-2 in. 1., ^-f in. br., dilated and connected at the base, the margin
undulato-dentate, and the apex bluntly rounded and emarginate ; texture thick
and coriaceous ; veins fine, at least twice branched, sometimes anastomosing

33. LOMARIA, § EULOMARIA. 177

before they reach the margin ; rachis pubescent and the lower surface slightly
so, colour deep-green ; fertile fr. with numerous distant, spreading, narrow,
linear pinnae. — Blechnnm, Metten. Annales, 4 ser. part 15. p. 69.

Hab. Gathered by Milne in Aneiteum, and Vieillard in New Caledonia. — This is a very"
curious plant which Sir W. Hooker thought might be an abnormal form of L. attenuata,
under which it is mentioned in Sp. Fil. It is only the New Caledonian examples
which show the anastomosing venation, but Milne's plant is evidently the same. The
apex of the frond is not cut down within a considerable distance of the rachis. Mettenius
compares it in habit to L. nigra.

ftt Spicant group. Fronds smaller, lanceolate, pinnce not more than 1-li in. I.
Sp. 11-20.

11. L. lanceolata, Spreng. ; caud. elongated and densely clothed with dark-

point or bluntish, slightly toothed, both surfaces naked ; texture coriaceous,
colour bright-green, the veins strong and prominent ; fertile pinnce linear,
spreading or falcate, about A in. apart at the base ; rachis pale, naked. — Hk. Ic.
1.429. Sp.S.p.U.

Hab. Australia, Van Diemen's Land, New Zealand, and Polynesian Islands.

12. L. blechnoides, Bory ; caud. creeping ; barren/r. short-stalked, lanceolate,
about 6 in. L, 1-1^ in. br. ; upper pinnae % in. L, f in. br., dilated at the base,
rather falcate, the point blunt, the lower ones narrowed gradually into mere
auricles ; texture coriaceous, veins not conspicuous ; fertile fr. 12-18 in. 1., 3 in.
br. ; st. 6 in. ]., strong, erect, dark chesnut-brown ; pinnce 1^-2 in. L, £ in. br.,
dilated suddenly at the base, the upper ones |-f in. apart, and the bases nearly
or quite decurrent from one to another. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 12.

Hab. Chili. — Probably this should be joined with L. lanceolata, from which it only
differs by its larger fertile frond, with pinnae widened suddenly at the base on both
sides.

13. L. dura, Moore ; caud. erect, subarborescent ; st. 1 in. 1., thick, erect,
with ovate-lanceolate scales at the base ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., lanceolate, cut
down to the rachis below ; barren pinnce, the lower ones dwarfed into rounded
lobes, the middle ones oblong subfalcate, the upper ones narower and more
acuminated ; fertile pinnce shorter, crowded, broadish, very blunt, decurrent at
the base above ; texture coriaceous, veins forked ; invol. transversely wrinkled,
the margin fiinbriated.— Moore, Gard. Chron. 1866, p. 290. L. rigida, J. Sm.
Ferns Brit. Sf For. p. 290.

Hab. Chatham Islands. — "Allied to L. lanceolata and blechnoides, but differing by its
thick leathery texture when fresh, and in the entire somewhat cartilaginous margin.
Fertile fronds remarkable for their stout densely-fruited very blunt crowded pinnae and
fringed indusia." — Moore, I. c.

14. L. aspera, Klotzsch ; caud. stout, ultimately elongated, clothed with
linear chesnut-brown scales ; st. scarcely any ; barren fr. 6 in. 1., 2 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate, narrowed very gradually below ; pinnce close, the largest f in. 1.,
| in. br., slightly dilated at the base and auricled on the upper side, the point
bluntish ; texture coriaceous ; veins inconspicuous ; fertile fr. much smaller
(3 in. L, | in. br.), on a longer stem ; pinnce crowded, | in. 1., £ in. br., blunt,
the invol. broad, and involute. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 14. t. 144.

Hab. Chili and Chiloe. — The fronds take root at the extremity and produce new
plants. The habit of the barren frond is just that of L. lanceolata, but the fertile one is
very different.

178 33. LOMARIA, § EULOMABIA.

15. L. onocleoides, Spreng. ; rhizome long, scandent, densely clothed with
linear chesnut-brown scales ; barren fr. on st. 3-4 in. 1., lanceolate, 12-18 in. 1.,
1-2 in. br., narrowed very gradually below ; pinnce 1 in. 1. or less, j-§ in. br.,
lanceolate, dilated at the base, narrowed gradually towards the point ; texture
very coriaceous, the surface shining and the veins beneath prominently chan-
nelled ; fertile fr. on st. 4-6 in. 1. ; pinnce linear, 1-1^ in. 1., central ones J in.
apart at the base ; invol. broad, involute. — HTc. Sp. 3. p. 10. t. 146.

Hab. West Indies and Ecuador. — A more rigid plant than the four preceding, with
a different caudex. The pinnae recall those ofattenuata, but are much shorter.

16. L. obtusata, Labill. ; caud. stout, suberect, clothed with dark-brown linear
scales ; st. 2-3 in. L, strong, erect, scaly below ; barren fr. linear-lanceolate,
narrowed very gradually towards both ends ; pinnce close, erecto-patent, linear,
slightly falcate, bluntish, ^ in. L, ^ in. br., the lower ones reduced down to mere
auricles ; texture coriaceous ; veins inconspicuous ; fertile fr. rather longer and
on longer stalks ; pinnce narrowly linear, falcate, j in. apart, decurrent at the
base.— -Lab. Serf, t. 6.

Hab. New Caledonia. — <Very like L. Spicant in general outline, but much more rigid,
with an elongated caudex.

17. L. Spicant, Desv. ; rhizome stout, short-creeping ; barren fr. on stalks
2-3 in. 1., lanceolate, 6-9 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., narrowed gradually below ; pinnce
linear, J-f in. L, % in. br., bluntish or mucronate, sl'g'itly dilated at the base ;
texture herbaceous ; veins inconspicuous ; fertile fr. o'te:i 1 ft. 1., 2 in. br., on st.
6-9 in. 1., chesnut-coloured and polished ; narrowly linear pinnce £-§ in. apart,
dilated at the base, the line of fructification at first slightly intramarginal. —
Hk. Sp. 3. p. 14. Brit. F. t. 40.

Hab. Throughout Europe from the Arctic regions to Madeira and Crete, Caucasus,
Kamtschatka, Japan, N. W. America. — In this and the next the fertile fronds are erect,
and the barren ones more or less spreading. It seems probable that Blechnum doodioides,
Hook. Sp. Fil. 3. p. 60. t. 153. which has not been refound, is a Doodioid form of this,
analogous to the one which occurs in L. punctulata.

18. L. alpina, Spreng. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, clothed with lan-
ceolate-ferruginous scales at the crown ; barren fr. 4-8 in. L, J-f in. br., linear-
lanceolate, with spreading close-placed linear-oblong, obtuse pinnae % in. 1., £ in.
or rather more br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis naked ; fertile fr. on st. 4-12 in.
1. ; pinnce narrower and more distant ; invol. slightly intramarginal. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 16. Fil. Exot. t. 32.

Hab. S. Brazil ; plentiful in Temperate S. America, New Zealand, Van Diemen's
Land, Alps of S. Australia. — A smaller plant than L. Spicant, with a slender wide-
creeping rhizome, and the pinnae, especially of the fertile frond, broader and shorter.

19. L. Banksii, Hk. fil. ; caud. stout, woody, elongated, clothed upwards with
lanceolate ferruginous scales ; st. 3-4 in. 1., erect, dark-coloured, scaly below ;
barren fr. lanceolate, 6-9 in. 1., about 1 in. br. ; pinnce spreading, oblong, obtuse,
§--| in. ]., J in. br., close-placed, passing gradually downwards into a sinuated
decurrent wing to the stem ; fertile fr. smaller and more slender ; pinnce
narrower and more distant ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis naked. — Hk. Sp. 3. p.
17. Jlk.fil.Fl.N.Z.t.lQ.

Hab. New Zealand. — Easily distinguished from all its allies by its oblong obtuse
pinnae, even the upper ones more than half as broad as long.

20. L. pumila, Raoul ; rhizome slender, creeping, clothed with bluntish ferru-
ginous scales at the apex ; barren fr. lanceolate, 3-4 in. 1., | in. br. ; pinnce
spreading, linear-oblong, obtuse, crenated, \ in. L, g in. br., the stem about 1 in.
1. ; fertile fr. on st. 3-4 in. 1. ; the > pinnce linear-oblong with a considerable space

33. LOMARIA, § EULOMARIA. 179

between them ; texture herbaceous ; veins inconspicuous ; rachis naked. — Hk.
Sp. 3. p. 18.

Hab. New Zealand. — Most like L. alpina, but much more delicate in texture, with
the pinnae distinctly crenated.

** Central and lower pinnce of the sterile frond narrowed at the base and always
distinctly separated from one another. Sp. 21-30.

21. L. punctulata, Kunze ; caud. stout, densely paleaceous at the crown ; st.
3-6 in. 1., strong, erect ; barren fr. oblong-lanceolate, 1-2 ft. L, 4-6 in. br. ; pinnce
very numerous, contiguous, linear, subfalcate, 2-3 in. 1., j-§ in. br., rounded or
cordate and auricled at the base, the lower ones deflexed and the lowest reduced
down to auricles ; texture coriaceous ; veins inconspicuous ; fertile fr. similar,
but the pinnee often not more than ^ in. br. ; invol. often more or less intra-
marginal; rachis stout, erect, straw-coloured, naked. — HJc. Sp. 3. p. 31.

Hab. S. Africa from Natal southward and Java. — This has sometimes the fruit of
Lomaria and sometimes of Blechnum, but the most surprising abnormal form is the
Scolopendrium Krebsii of Kunze (Bot. Mag. t. 4768), in which every pinna has a large
number of parallel rows of fruit directed from the midrib towards the edge at an acute
angle with the former, as is usual in the Aspleniece, and there is a form differing only
from Blechnum in the line of fructification being interrupted, and thus agreeing with
Dooclia. It is the representative of L. attenuata in the pinnate-fronded series, and may
be best known from procera by the lower pinnae being gradually reduced down to
auricles.

22. L. procera, Spreng. ; caud. stout, woody, elongated, clothed with large
ovate or lanceolate acuminate ferruginous scales ; st. 6-12 in. 1., stout, erect,
scaly below ; barren fr. ovate, 1-3 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br. ; pinnce linear, 3-12 in. 1.,
|-1 in. br., the lower ones stalked, the base rounded or even cordate, sometimes
auricled, the point narrowed gradually, sometimes slightly toothed ; texture
coriaceous ; veins fine and parallel, midrib beneath more or less chaffy ; fertile
pinnce narrowly linear, distant, 4-6 in. ]., ^ in. br. ; rachis stout, erect, more or
less scaly; invol. broad, membranaceous, ciliated, sometimes slightly intra-
marginal.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 23. Ic. t. 127, 128. Gard. Ferns, t. 53. L. Gilliesii,
H. $ G. Ic. t. 207.

Hab. Mexico and W. Indies southward to Chili ; Malayan and Polynesian Islands,
N. Zealand, S. Australia, Van Diemen's Land, and S. Africa. — Often the same frond is
partially barren and partially fertile, and there is a form that has the barren pinnae
slightly pinnatifid. We include here, from inability to separate them clearly, a large
number of plants which have been regarded as distinct, ranging from L. daneacea,
Kunze, which has only two or three pinnae on each side nearly an inch broad, up tr>
L. orni'folia, Presl (L. spectabilis, Liebm., L. tuber culata, J. Sm., and L. longifolia,,
Schlecht), which has fronds 3 ft. long with as many as forty pinnae, the lower ones
distinctly stalked and often furnished with glands like those of Plagitjgyria&tihe base of
the petiole. L. chilensis, Kaulf ., L, Capensis, Willd., and Blcchnum Lechleri, Mett., are
similar large-growing forms ; L. vestita, Blume, and L. squamulosa, Desv., have densely
paleaceous rachises. Dr. Hooker, in the New Zealand Flora, defines four varieties,
which keep their characters under cultivation.

23. L. caudata, Baker ; caud. elongated, densely clothed at the apex with
lanceolate dark-brown scales ; st. 2-3 in. 1., strong, erect, scaly below ; barren fr.
2 ft. 1. or more, 4 in. br., gradually narrowed below and elongated and rooting
at the apex ; pinnce numerous, all quite distinct, narrowed suddenly to the
midrib, but not stalked at the base, the largest at and a little below the centre of
the stem, linear-oblong, 1^-2 in. L, \ in. br., spreading horizontally, narrowed
suddenly at the base, slightly auricled on the lower side, narrowed suddenly at
the point ; the lower ones blunt, passing gradually down into mere auricles ;
those above the centre of the stem growing gradually smaller and blunter to
where it takes root ; texture coriaceous ; colour bright-green ; veins beneath

1 80 33. LOMARIA, § EULOMARIA.

prominent ; rachis and midrib more or less chaffy ; fertile fr. with narrow linear
pinnae 3-4 in. 1.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Spruce, 5329. — Most like L. procera, of which it may be an
abnormal form. Pinnae at least \ in. distant at the base.

24. L. Boryana,) Willd. ; caud. stout, erect, 1-2 ft. high, woody, densely
clothed with dark-coloured, firm linear-subulate scales ; st. stout, erect, 4-6 in. 1. ;
barren fr. ovate, 1-2 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br. ; pinnae close-placed, erecto-patent, lan-
ceolate, narrowed gradually to the point, narrowed and sometimes auricled at
the base, 3-6 in. ]., \ in. or rather more br. • texture coriaceous; veins incon-
sp;ejous ; fertile pinnae narrow, linear, rather close ; invol. brown, membrana-
ceous, fimhriated, sometimes slightly intramarginal. — L. Magellanica, Desv. Hk.
Sp. 2. p. 27. Gard. Ferns, t. 52.

Hab. W. Indies southward to Falkland Islands and Straits of Magellan ; Mauritius,
Bourbon, Madagascar, Angola, and S. Africa. — Very near L. procera, but a stouter-
growing plant, with narrower and more spreading pinnae. Perhaps the best distinction
is in the scales, which here are very dense, long, and fibre-like. Usually the rachis is
quite naked, but in a stout-growing form from Tristan d'Acunha (L. robusta, Carm.), it is
densely scaly throughout.

scaly

strong, erect, 4-6 in. 1., dark-coloured, paleaceous below ; fr. stout, erect, ovate,
2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., with numerous pinnse on each side, which are quite distinct
and 1 in. or more distant at the base, linear, 4-6 in. 1., nearly 1 in. br., entire at
the edge, and narrowed gradually towards both ends ; texture coriaceous ; veins
inconspicuous, both surfaces naked ; fertile pinnae 1 in. distant, narrowly linear,
4-6 in. 1. ; rachis stout, erect, naked. — L. cuspidata, Kze. Hk. /Sp. 3. p. 30.
t. 151.

Hab. Peru and New Granada. — Most like L. procera, but the pinnse are much more
distantly placed and are gradually narrowed to a slightly adnate base from two-thirds
of the way down.

26. L. filiformis, Cunning. ; rliizome scandent, stout, paleaceous ; st. distant,
1-4 in. 1. ; sterile fr. ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 ft. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; pinnae numerous,
spreading, linear, 2-3 in. 1., \ in. br., distinctly stalked, narrowed gradually
towards the point and regularly crenato- dentate throughout ; fr. of the lower
part of the cauclex often much smaller, linear in general outline, 3-4 in. 1.,
] in. br., with oblong obtuse sharply-toothed pinnse ; fertile fr. ovate, with
numerous narrowly linear pinnse 34 in. 1. ; rachis naked. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 33.
Stenochlsena heteromorpha, J. Smith.

Hab. New Zealand and Fiji. — A very distinct species, easily recognizable by its
trimorphic fronds. Species 21-26 in size and habit recall 3-10, but are more distinctly
pinnate.

the largest f in. L, £ in. br., the lower ones distant and narrowing down
gradually to mere auricles; texture stout, coriaceous; veins inconspicuous;
fertile fr. on longer stalks, with pinnse nearly as broad and close as the others ;
rachis naked.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 32. t. 152.

Hab. Chili ; gathered by M. Germain. — Most like L. alpina in size and habit, but the
lower pinnse distinctly separated. We have a garden specimen of what looks like the
same, but is more slender and elongated, marked " L. crenulata, Moore, MSS. Japan,
Veitch"

33. LOMARIA, § EULOMARIA. 181

28. L. nigra, Col. ; caud. stout, clothed at the crown with linear scales ; st.
slender, erect, densely scaly, 2-3 in. 1. ; barren fr. 4-6 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., linear-
oblong, with a large bluntish sinuated point, cut down below to the rachis into
numerous roundish-oblong sinuated pinnae on each side, which are ^-f in. 1.,-
j-| in br., the lower ones quite distinct and a short distance from one another ;
texture herbaceous ; colour dark-green ; veins fine ; fertile fr. with longer stalks,
the terminal pinna long, linear, the lateral ones linear, erecto-patent. — Hk. Sp. 3.
t. 35. Ic. t. 960.

Hab. New Zealand. A very distinct species of herbaceous texture, with the lower
pinnae quite distinct, but a large terminal portion of the frond lobed only.

29. L. fluviatilis, Spreng. ; caud. 3-4 in. 1., stout, clothed towards the crown
with linear bright-brown scales ; st. 3-4 in. L, erect, densely scaly ; barren fr.
linear, 6-18 in. 1., 1-2 in. br. ; pinnae oblong, obtuse, spreading, not decurrent,
irf i"' !•> i"f m* m'«j the upper ones nearly contiguous, the lower ones shorter
and more distant ; texture herbaceous ; veins conspicuous ; fertile pinnce linear
obtuse, ^-| in. L, ^ in. br., erecto-patent, the lower ones with more than their
own length between their bases ; rachis paleaceous throughout. — Hk.Sp. 2. p. 34.

Hab. New Zealand, Van Diemen's Land, South Australia. — Easily recognizable from
all the others by the shape of its pinnae.

30. L. membranacea, Col. ; caud. short, the scales linear, dark-brown ; st. very
short; barren fr. linear-oblong, 6-9 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br. ; pinnce spreading or
erecto-patent, linear-oblong, obtuse, crenated, the largest f in. 1., ^ in. br., the
lower ones quite distinct at the base, but contiguous, the lowest gradually
reduced to mere auricles ; texture coriaceous.; veins often conspicuous ; fertile fr.
on a st. several in. 1. ; pinnce subdistant, linear, erecto-patent ; rachis naked. —
Hk. Sp. 3. p. 34. £.145.

Hab. New Zealand. — Intermediate in habit between the last and L. lanceolata.
*** Sterile fronds bipinnatifid or bipinnate. Sp. 31-34.

31. L. diversifolia, Baker; caud. stout, oblique, densely clothed with linear-
subulate dark-brown scales ; sterile fr. ovate, 6-8 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., its stem
stout, erect, 4-6 in. 1., dark chesnut- brown, paleaceous below ; pinnce linear,
spreading horizontally, the largest 1^ in. 1., f in. br., cut down throughout
halfway to the rachis into ovate-mucronate lobes, not at all adnate at the base ;
texture coriaceous, both surfaces naked ; veins strong and prominent, the lateral
ones in each of the lobes of the pinnse usually once branched ; fertile fr. on a st.
1 ft. 1. ; pinnce distant, narrowly linear, 3-4 in. 1. ; rachis naked and dark
chesnut-brown like the stipe. — Biechnum, Metten. Annales, 4ser. vol. 15. p. 71.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 1532. — By their bipinnatifid barren fronds, this and
the next connect L. Fraseri with the rest of the genus, but the fertile frond is just that
of a typical Lomaria.

32. L. Lenormandi, Baker ; st. 4-6 in. 1., strong, erect, densely clothed with
long brown fibrillse ; sterile fr. oblong-lanceolate, 12-18 in. L, 6-8 in. br., with
numerous quite distinct linear pinnce on each side, which are 3-4 in. 1., ratber
more than | in. br., cut down very nearly to the rachis throughout into finely-
toothed linear falcate pinnL, the lower ones growing shorter very gradually;
texture herbaceous ; rachis fibrillose throughout ; veinlets of the pinnules incon-
spicuous ; fert. pinnce very numerous, narrowly linear, quite entire, 2-3 in. 1.,
J in. apart.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard. — This is sent as B. contiguum, Mett., but this latter
from the description is a simply pinnate plant near L. procera. Here the barren frond
resembles that of L. Fraseri in cutting, but the rachis is fibrillose, not winged, whilst
the fertile frond is not materially different from a large number of the foregoing.

182 33. LOMARIA, §§ PLAGIOGYRIA.

33. L. Fraseri, Cunning. ; caud. elongated, stout, suberect, densely clothed
with linear dark-brown scales at the crown ; st. 4-6 in. 1., strong, erect, scaly ;
fr. ovate-acuminate, bipinnatifid, 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnae linear-lan-
ceolate, the lower ones 2-3 in. 1., \-\ in. br., cut down very nearly to the rachis
into linear-oblong mucronate slightly-toothed pinnl., their bases decurrent into
a pinnatifid wing to the main rachis with triangular lobes ; texture herbaceous ;
veins fine, the lateral ones of the pinnules usually once forked ; fertile fr. similar
in size and cutting. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 40. Ic. PL t. 185.

Hab. New Zealand. — Very dissimilar in habit to all the other species, combining a
frond like one of our common 'Lastrece with the fructification of a Lomaria.

34. L. volubilis, Hk. ; fr. 20 ft. 1., scandent and twining ; pinnae distantly
placed, deltoid-ovate, 1 ft. or more L, by nearly as broad, with a terminal pinnl.
and several opposite pairs, which are oblong, the largest 4-5 in. 1., lj-1^ in. br.,
narrowed suddenly to a long acuminate point, the upper part slightly toothed
and rounded at the base to a short petiole ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins fine,
close-placed, usually simple ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; fertile pinnl.
narrowly linear, 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. or more apart at the base, with a broad con-
tinuous invol. springing from the edge of the leafy rib not more than a line wide.
— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 39. t. 150.

Hab. Banks of the Rio Negro, Spruce, 1263 ; and since gathered by Dr. Spruce at
Napes (2,800), and by Appun in British Guiana (995). — This remarkable plant appears
quite to agree in habit with Blechnum volubile, of which it is probable it will ultimately
be shown to be an abnormal Lomarioid form.

§§ Plagiogyria, Kunze. Base of the stipe suddenly dilated, fleshy, triquetrous,
furnished with large spongy glands. Capsules with an oblique ring. Sp. 35-39.

35. L. (Flag.) semicordata, Baker ; caud. short, erect ; st. dilated at the base,
winged below, erect, naked, 8-6 in. 1. ; fr. ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 ft. 1., 4-6 in. br. ;
pinnce numerous, spreading, linear, 3-4 in. ]., j-§ in. br., finely serrated
throughout, the lower ones deflexed, the point narrowed gradually ; texture
subcoriaceous ; veins fine ; fertile fr. similar, but the pinnae more d'istant and
narrowly linear ; rachis strong, erect, naked. — Lomaridium, Presl. L. biserrata,
M. & L. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 19.

Hab. Tropical America from Columbia to Peru.

36. L. (Flag.) adnata, Blume ; caud. short, stout ; st. 6-18 in. ]., firm, erect,
naked, dilated at the base ; fr. ovate-lanceolate, 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnce
linear, falcate, the largest 3 in. I., | in. br., the lowest equal to those next in
order, the lower ones narrowed at the base below, \ in. apart, the point narrowed
very gradually and finely toothed ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins conspicuous ;
fertile fr. similar, but the pinnce more distant and narrowly linear ; rachis
naked, erect.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 19. t. 147.

Hab. Java and Khasia at 1-4,000 ft. — This and the preceding have the central pinnae
of the barren frond dilated, but the other three have them narrowed at the base and
distinct from one another, as in species 21-30.

37. L. (Flag.) glauca, Blume ; st. 1 ft. 1., naked, erect ; fr. ovate, 12-24 in. L,
6-9 in. br. ; pinnce contiguous, erecto-patent, linear, 3-5 in. L, | in. or more br.,
narrowed gradually and sharply toothed towards the point, narrowed on both
sides at the base; texture coriaceous; veins fine, subparallel, under surface
glaucous ; fertile fr. similar, but the pinnae distant and narrowly linear; rachis
stout, erect, naked.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 22.

Hab. Java and Khasia at 6,000 ft. ; gathered by Drs. Hooker and Thomson. —
Readily distinguishable by the silvery whiteness of the under side of the frond.

34. BLECHNUM, § EUBLECHNUM. 183

38. L. (Flag.) pycnophylla, Kunze; caud. stout, erect, woody; st. stout,
erect, naked, 6-9 in. 1. ; fr. ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br. ; pinnae verv
numerous, linear, spreading, 4-6 in. L, ^ in. br., contiguous, narrowed on both
sides at the base, the point narrowed very gradually and finely toothed ; texture-
coriaceous; veins inconspicuous ; fertile fr. similar, but the pinnae distant and
narrowly linear ; rackis strong, erect, naked. — Hlc. Sp. 3. p. 21. t. 148.

Hab. Java, Malayan Peninsula, and N. Hindostan, ascending to 10,000 ft. — The
pinnae of both the barren and fertile fronds are often but not always furnished with a
large gland at the base.

39. L. (Flag.) euphlebia, Kunze ; caud. stout, woody, elongated ; st. 1 ft. or
more L, naked, erect, triquetrous below ; fr. ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 ft. L, 6-12 in.
br. ; pinnce 1 in. or more apart at the base, erecto-patent, linear, 4-6 in. 1.,
^-f in. br., narrowed at the base on both sides and narrowed very gradually and
toothed towards the point ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins prominent ; fertile fr.
similar, but the pinnae more distant and narrowly linear; rackis erect, naked. —
Hlc. Sp. 3. p. 20. 2nd Cent. t. 89. L. articulata, F. Muett. Frag. 5. p. 174.

Hab. Japan and Tsus Sima ; gathered lately by Messrs. Oldham and Wilford, by
Dallachy at the source of the Mackay River, Australia, and N. Hindostan, ascending to
6,000 ft. — Pinnae much less numerous and more distant than in L. pycnophylla, and
venation not so fine.

TKIBE 7. BLECHNEJE.

Sori linear or oblong^ dorsal, parallel with the midrib and edge of the segments,
not close to the latter. Invol. the same shape as the sorus, superior, opening towards
the midrib. GEN. 34-37.

GEN. 34. BLECHNUM, L.

Sori linear, continuous, or nearly so, parallel with and usually contiguous to
the midrib. Invol. membranaceous, distinct from the edge of the frond. Fronds
uniform or slightly dimorphous^ generally pinnate or pinnatifid, in one species
simple and in one bipinnate. Veins usually free. A not large genus of closely
resembling species, diffused widely throughout Tropical aad South Temperate
TAB. IV. f. 34.

§ Eublechnum. Stem straight, frond not more than simply pinnate. Sp. 1-1.7.
* Frond usually simple. Sp. 1.

1. B. Lanceola, Swart/ ; rhizome slender, creeping, stoloniferous ; st. slender,
erect, 2-4 in. 1. ; fr. lanceolate, undivided, 4-6 in. L, f-^ in. br., narrowed
gradually from the centre in both directions, especially upwards ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; sori in a continuous line close to the midrib. — j3, B. trifoliatum,
Kaulf. ; fr. furnished with 1 or 2 pairs of small oblong obtuse lateral pinnse at
the base of the large terminal one. — Hlc. Sp. 3. p. 47. Ic. p. 970.

Hab. Tropical America from Panama southward to Brazil and Peru. — The little-
known B. plantagineum, Presl, is said to be like the type, but with a space between the
line of fructification and midrib.

** Frond pinnatifid. Sp. 2-6.

2. B. asplenioides, Swartz ; caud. ultimately elongated, clothed at the crown
with small linear scales ; st. none or short ; fr. linear-lanceolate, narrowed at
both ends, 6-8 in. 1., i-f in. br. ; pinnce numerous, the central ones spreading,
lanceolate-deltoid, ^--g in. 1., ^ in. br., the point acute or blunt, all connected at
the base, the lower ones dwindling in size very gradually ; texture subcoriaceous ;

184 34. BLECHNUM, § EUBLECHNUM.

rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins inconspicuous ; sori in a short line close
to the midrib, often on one side only. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 45. B. polypodioides, Kze.
& Mett. non Raddi.

Hab. Tropical America from Panama and N. Granada to Brazil and Peru. — A more
slender and narrower plant than B. unilateral, with even the lowest pinnae connected and
much less copious sori.

3. B. unilateral, Willd. ; caud. elongated, densely clothed at the crown with
linear pale-brown scales ; st. slender, erect, 1-4 in. 1., slightly scaly below ; Jr. lan-
ceolate, 6-12 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br. ; pinnae numerous, spreading horizontally, linear,
f-1 in. 1., the central ones ^-f in. br., the point usually mucronate, "the edge
entire or nearly so, the lower part dilated to a broad base, the lower ones
broader, blunter, and short ; texture herbaceous, both surfaces and rachis naked
or slightly hairy ; veins inconspicuous ; sori in a line close to the midrib. —
B. polypodioides, Raddi. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 45.

Hab. Tropical America from Mexico and the W. Indies southward to Peru and
S. Brazil. — This comes very near the small forms of B. occidental, and we cannot, from
the description alone, distinguish B. triangulare, Link.

4. B. cartilagineum, Swartz ; caud. oblique, densely clothed at the crown with
blackish fibrillose scales ; st. strong, erect, 4-6 in. 1., scaly and muricated in the
lower part ; fr. ovate-oblong, 1-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br. ; pinnce numerous, erecto-
patent, linear, 4-6 in. 1., j-g- in. br., narrowed gradually towards the point, the
margin finely toothed, dilated and connected at the base, the lower ones not con-
spicuously smaller than the others ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; veins fine ; sori in a broad line close to the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 2. p. 43.

Hab. Temperate Australia. Very like B. nitidum, from which it is best distinguished
by its muricated stipe.

5. B. nitidum, Presl ; st. stout, erect, naked, 3-4 in. 1. ; fr. oblong-lanceolate,
1 ft. or more 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnce numerous, erecto-patent, subfalcate, linear,
3-4 in. 1., ^-f in. br., narrowed gradually towards the point, dilated and con-
nected at the base, the edge undulato-dentate, the lower ones linear acute and
not much smaller than the rest ; texture coriaceous, both surfaces and rachis
naked ; veins fine ; sori in a continuous line close to the midrib ; invol. con-
spicuous. —Hk. Sp. 3. p. 44. t. 55.

Hab. S. Brazil, Philippines, Marianne Islands, Isle of Gaudalcomar and Mishmee,
N. Hindostan. — Near JB. brasiliense, but a smaller plant, terminating abruptly below,
and the involucre more conspicuous. In some of the specimens (var. contractum, Hook.)
the pinnae are contracted and the edge is much undulated. It seems probable that the
B. vittatum, figured by Brackenridge from Fiji, is the same abnormal form, which in
some of M. Vieillard's New Caledonian examples named by Mettenius, has completely
Lomarioid sori.

6. B. brasiliense, Desv. ; caud. erect, stout, subarborescent, 1 ft. or more 1.,
densely clothed at the crown with dark-brown fibrillose scales ; st. short, stout,
densely scaly ; fr. oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., narrowing
downwards very gradually ; pinnce close, erecto-patent, linear, 4-6 in. 1., ^ in. br.,
narrowed gradually towards the point, very finely toothed, connected at the
base, the lower ones short and blunt ; texture coriaceous, both surfaces naked ;
veins fine ; rachis naked ; sori in a continuous line close to the midrib ; invol.
narrow. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 43. t. 157. B. Corcovadense, Raddi.

Hab. Brazil and Peru.

34. BLECHNUM, § EUBLECIINUM. 185

*** Fronds pinnate. Sp. 7-17.

7. B. longifolium, H. B. K. ; rhizome slender, creeping ; st. firm, erect, nearly-
naked, 6-12 in. 1. ; fr. with a terminal pinna and 3-6 lateral ones on each side,
which are 3-5 in. 1., ^ in. hr., narrowed gradually towards the point, narrowed
or even slightly stalked and then cordate at the base, the lower ones about 1 in.
apart ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins inconspicuous ;
sort in broad lines close to the midrib.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 49. t. 94.— (3, B.fraxineum,
Willd. ; habit more robust ; pinnae 6-8 on a side, sometimes 1 in. br. — B. Schli-
mense, Fee.

Hab. Tropical America from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Brazil and
Peru. — B. gracile, Kaulf., appears to differ from the type only by its rather more slender
habit, and B. intermedium, Link, is more slender still, and may possibly belong to
species 1. The veins occasionally form costal arches, as is the case also in B. unilaterale
and australe.

8. B. Fendleri, Hk. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st. 9 in. 1., slender, pale
straw-coloured, slightly villose above ; fr. subdeltoid, 4-6 in. 1., 3 in. br., with a
linear terminal pinna and 3-4 pair of spreading subfalcate lateral ones, which are
2-3 in. 1., |- in. or rather more br., with an acute point, the lower ones auricled
at the base, quite adnate but not connected with one another ; texture herba-
ceous ; rachis villose and both surfaces slightly so ; veins fine, forming a series of
costal arches halfway up the pinnae ; sori in continuous lines close to the midrib,
with a pale broad membranous slightly villose involucre. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 48.
t. 158.

Hab. Venezuela, Fendler, 116. Brazil, Bwchell, 6460.— This .has quite the general
habit of the preceding, of which it is not unlikely a form with more slender habit and
more anastomosing venation.

9. B. occidentale, Linn. ; caud. stout, erect, clothed at the crown with lan-
ceolate acuminate scales ; st. 6-12 in. 1., erect, scaly below ; fr. ovate-acuminate,
9-18 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., with 12-24 linear pinnce on each side, which are 3-6 in. 1.,
f-f in. br., narrowed gradually to a point, truncate or cordate or even auricled
at the base, the lower ones often 1 in. apart, and the lowest pair deflexed and not
much less than the rest ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked or
slightly pubescent ; veins inconspicuous ; sori in a broad continuous line close to
the midrib.— HJc. Sp. 3. p. 50.

Hab. America, common from Mexico and W. Indies southward to Chili and S. Brazil.
— B. pectinatum, Hk. Ic. PI. t. 95, is a form with narrow pinnse dilated, and most of
them connected, at the base, and L. campylotis, Kunze, a form with a distinct acute
auricle at the base of the pinnae on the upper side.

10. B. arcuatwn, C. Gay ; caud. stout, suberect, densely clothed at the crown
with lanceolate acuminate* dark-brown scales; st. 6-12 in. 1., strong, erect, scaly
at the base ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., linear-lanceolate, with very numerous
contiguous linear-lanceolate falcate pinnae on each side, which are f in. 1., by
under \ in. br. below, gradually narrowed upwards, hastately auricled on the
upper side, quite distinct at the base, but sometimes imbricated, gradually
diminishing downwards to mere auricles ; texture rigid and very coriaceous ;
rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins immersed ; sori in a continuous line close
to the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 59. B. acuminatum, Sturm, non Fee.

Hab. Chili and Chiloe. — A more rigid plant than the last, with a narrower frond
narrowing gradually downwards.

11. B. hastatum, Kaulf. ; caud. short, stout, scaly ; st. erect, 4-6 in. 1., nearly
naked ; fr. 12-18 in. L, 2-4 in. br., lanceolate, with 20-40 pinnce on each side,
the sterile ones 1-1^ in. 1., J-| in. br., lanceolate, falcate, narrowed gradually to

2 A

186 34. BLECHNUM, § EUBLECHNUM.

a point, the lower side truncate and slightly auricled, the upper side cordate with
a large hastate auricle, the lower ones broader and shorter ; texture coriaceous ;
rachis and both surfaces naked or slightly pubescent ; veins fine, the lateral ones
often twice forked ; fertile pinnce narrower ; sori midway between the midrib
and edge, in a continuous or interrupted line.— >Hk. Sp. 3. p. 57.

Hab. Temperate S. America. — M. remotum, Presl, is a small pubescent form, and
Tcenitis sagittifera, Bory, a form with pinnatifid pinnse. Very near B. australe, but the
sori more interrupted and not so near the midrib.

12. B. australe, Linn. ; caud. stout, creeping, scaly ; st. erect, 4-6 in. 1. ; fr.
9-18 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., lanceolate, narrowed towards both ends ; pinnce numerous,
spreading, the sterile ones 1^ in. 1., j-f in. br,, linear, narrowed to a sharp
point, hastate-cordate or auricied at the base, especially on the upper side, quite
distinct, the lower ones passing down into mere auricles ; texture rigid and
coriaceous ; veins hidden ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; fertile pinnce
narrower ; sori in a continuous or slightly interrupted line not quite contiguous
to the midrib, sometimes reaching the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 57.

Hab. S. Africa, northward to Bourbon, Madagascar, and NataL — This and the pre-
ceding may be known from all the others by having a space between the sori and
midrib, which characterizes Presl's genus Mesothema.

13. B. Icevigatum, Cav. ; caud. stout, ascending, clothed at the crown with
large lanceolate pale-brown scales ; st. erect, 6-9 in. 1., pale, naked or scaly
below ; barren fr. oblong-deltoid, 9-15 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., with a large lanceolate
terminal pinna, and numerous spreading oblong-lanceolate lateral ones on each
side, the largest of which are 3-4 in. 1., 1 in. br., narrowed suddenly to an
acuminate point, the margin slightly serrated, quite distinct and cordate at the
base ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked, or the former slightly
scaly ; veins inconspicuous and nearly 1 lin. apart ; fertile fr. smaller and the
pinnae narrower and more distant, the line of sori contiguous to the midrib,
1^-2 lin. br., with a large brown membranous invol. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 56.

Hab. N. S. Wales.

14. B. serrulatum, Rich. ; caud. elongated, stout, ascending ; st.6-12 in.l., strong,
erect, smooth, nearly naked ; fr. oblong-acuminate, 1-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br., with
12-24 pairs of quite distinct articulated linear-oblong pinnce on each side, the
largest of which are 4-5 in. 1., ^-f in. br., narrowed gradually towards the point
and downwards to a narrow base, the margin finely incised ; texture coriaceous ;
rachis rigid, naked ; veins very fine and close, not conspicuous ; fertile pinnce
narrower ; sori in a continuous line close to the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 54.
B. striatum, Br. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 55. t. 159.

Hab. Florida, W. Indies, Guiana, and Brazil; Australia, New Caledonia, Borneo,
Malacca, and Mishmee.

15. B. orientale, Linn. ; caud. stout, erect, clothed at the crown with fibrillose
dark-brown scales ; st. 4-8 in. 1., strong, erect, scaly below ; fr* 1-3 ft. 1., 6-12 in.
br., ovate, with very numerous nearly contiguous linear pinnce on each side,
which are 4-8 in. 1., f -f in. br., narrowed to a long point, the bases quite distinct,
the upper ones decurrent, a few of the lowest mere auricles ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins fine and close ; sori in a long
continuous line close to the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 52. F. Ex. t. 77.

Hab. Australia aud Polynesian Islands northward to S. China and the Himalayas. —
Presl places this with species 4, 5, 6, 14, and 17, in his genus Blechnopsis, characterized
by having a cartilaginous border to the pinnae which unites the tips of the veins.

16. B. melanopusy Hk. ; st. erect, 6 in. 1., naked, dark chesnut-brown ; fr.

35. SADLERIA. 187

ovate-lanceolate, 8-9 in. 1., 3 in. br., with numerous contiguous linear falcate
pinnos on each side, which are 1-1^ in. 1., J-f in. br., narrowed gradually
towards the point, the edge entire, the upper ones adnate and dilated at the base,

but those below the centre distinct, the lowest ones growing gradually shorter

and blunter ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins forming
large arched areoles ; sori in a continuous line near the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 64. t. 161. Blechnidium, Moore.

Hab. Khasia Hills, Bengal, Simons, 78. — Most like some of the forms of B. occidentale
in habit, with the cuticle of the under side of the frond loose and wrinkled.

17. B. Finlaysonianum, Wall. ; caud. short ; st. 1 ft. 1., strong, erect, dark-
brown, polished ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., with a large terminal pinna and numerous
erecto-patent lateral ones on each side, the largest 9-12 in. 1., 1 in. or more br.,
narrowed gradually to a point and below to a narrow base, the margin entire,
the lowest reduced to mere auricles ; texture coriaceous, both surfaces naked ;
veins close, inconspicuous ; sori in a continuous line close to the midrib. —
Hk. Sp. 3. p. 63. Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 225.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Borneo. — This is glossy, with the largest pinnae in
the genus, resembling in habit B. orientate, some of the large forms of which come very
near it.

§§ Salpichlsena, J. Sm. Stem twining, frond Upinnate. Sp. 18.

18. B. (Salpi.) volubile, Kaulf. ; st. wide-climbing ; pinnos in distant opposite
pairs ; pinnl usually 4-6 on each side, stalked, linear-lanceolate, 6-12 in. 1.,
^-2 in. br., with an undulated cartilaginous border ; texture coriaceous ; rachis
and both surfaces naked ; invol. broad, membranous, at first wrapped over
the fruit, afterwards breaking up into short pieces.— Hk* Sp. 3. p. 63. Gard. F.
t. 15. S. scandens, Presl.

Hab. Tropical America from the West Indies and Columbia southward to Brazil and
Peru.

GEN. 35. SADLERIA, Kaulf.

Sori in a continuous line close to the midrib on both sides, placed on an
elevated receptacle. Inwl. narrow, subcoriaceous, at first wrapped over the
sorus, afterwards spreading. Veins forming a series of costal arches. Caudex
3-4 feet high, arborescent. TAB. 4. f. 35.

1. S. cj/atheoides, Kaulf. ; st. strong, erect, 6-18 in. 1., naked except at the
base, where it is densely clothed with long linear scales ; fr. 4-6 ft. 1., 9-18 in.
br. ; pinnw 8-12 in. 1., ^-| in. br., cut down to the rachis into very numerous
connected linear pinnl. f-£ in. 1., £ in. br., acute or bluntish ; texture coriaceous ;
veins immersed and inconspicuous ; rachis stout, naked. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 65.
B. Kaulfussianum, Gaud. Atlas, p. 78.

Hab. Sandwich Islands and Sumatra. — A fine plant, which combines the habit of a
small Cyathea with the fructification of a Bleclmum. The original S. pallida, H. & A.,
is a mere form with a paler rachis ; but a plant thus named by Mettenius, gathered by
Dr. Hillebrand, is less rigid in texture, with flatter, broader, and blunter pinnules, and
quite conspicuous venation. Probably this is Brackenridge's pallida, which is said to
have a somewhat paleaceous rachis ; and we have also another plant from Dr. Hillebrand
like the type in texture, but the largest pinnae 21 in. 1., 3 in. br., which agrees with
Gaudichaud's figure of B. Souleytianum.

2. S. squarrosa, Gaud. ; st. 6-8 in. 1., erect, reddish-brown, scaly and asperous ;
fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6 in. br. ; pinnos in 12-18 pairs on each side, linear-lanceolate,
3-4 in. 1., ^-f in. br., cut down to the rachis into quite distinct oblong

188 36. WOODWARDIA, § EUWOODWAKDIA, §§ ANCHISTEA.

subfalcate pinnL J-§ in. 1., J in. br. ; texture coriaceous ; veins immersed ; main
rachis and that of the pinna? densely clothed throughout with ovate-acuminate
dark-brown scales. — Gaud. Voy. Bonit. Atlas, t. 2. Blechnum polystichoides,
Brack. Fit. U.S. Exp.p. 135.

Hab. Sandwich Islands ; gathered lately by Dr. Hillebrand. — Very different in habit
from No. 1, and the rows of fruit are shorter and not quite close to the inconspicuous
midrib.

GEN. 36. WOODWARDIA, Sm.

Sori linear or linear-oblong, sunk in cavities of the frond, placed in single
rows parallel with and contiguous to the midribs of the pinna? and pinnules.
Invol. subcoriaceous, the same shape as the sorus, closing over the cavity like a
lid. Veins forming always a series of costal arclies, for the rest free or anasto-
mosing. A small genus with fronds usually ample and bipinnatifid, which belts the
world in the North Temperate Zone, extending very slightly within the Tropic.
TAB. IV. f. 36.

§ Euwoodwardia. Fronds uniform, the veins forming at least one series of
areolations between the sori and the margin. Sp. 1-2.

1. W. radicans, Smith ; st. strong, erect, naked, scaly at the base ; fr. 3-6 ft.
1., 12-18 in. br. ; pinnae lanceolate, the lower ones often 1 ft. 1., cut down below
within a short distance of the rachis into finely-toothed lanceolate pinnl. 1-1^ in. 1.,
those of the under side the shortest ; veins anastomosing once outside the line of
fruit ; gemmae few and large, placed at the base of the upper pinnse. — HTc. Sp. 3.
p. 67.

Hab. Madeira and the Canaries, Spain, Italy, Sicily, Northern India, Java, California,
Mexico, and Guatemala.

2. W. orientalis, Swartz ; st. erect, densely clothed at the base with large
linear-lanceolate scales; fr. 4-8 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ; pinnae lanceolate, sometimes
more than 1 ft. 1., cut down below nearly to the rachis into sinuated or pinnatifid
pinnl., sometimes 4 in. 1., those of the under side shorter and none at the base of
the pinnse ; veins anastomosing copiously outside the sori, upper surface of the
frond often producing copious gemmiferous buds. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 68.

Hab. Japan southward to Formosa. — Probably this ought to be joined with the
preceding.

§§ Anchistea, Presl. Fronds uniform, the veins all free between the sori and
the margin. Sp. 3-4.

3. W. Virginica, Smith ; st. strong, erect, 12-18 in. 1. ; fr. oblong-lanceolate,
12-18 in. 1., 0-9 in. br. ; pinnae linear-lanceolate, 4-6 in. 1., f-1 in. br., cut
down within 1 lin. or less of the rachis into linear-oblong lobes which are 2-3 lin.
br. at the base, the lines of sori which margin the midrib of the pinnse often
reaching low down in the lower ones. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 69.

Hab. United States from Vermont to Florida.

4. W. Japonica, Swartz ; st. 6-12 in. 1., erect, scaly below ; fr. broadly ovate,
12-18 in. 1., 9-12 in. br. ; pinnae lanceolate, often 6 in. 1., 1-lJ in. br., pinnatifid,
with lobes J-f in. br., which reach half or two-thirds of the distance down to the
rachis, the lines of sori which margin the midrib of the pinnae confined to the
upper part of the upper ones. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 69.

Hab. China and Japan.

37. DOODIA. 189

§§§ Lorinseria, Presl. Fronds dimorphous, veins everywhere anastomosing.
Sp. 6-6.

5. W. areolata, Moore; sterile fr. with a slender st., 9-12 in. 1., 6-8 in. br.,
deltoid-ovate, with numerous oblong-lanceolate sinuated pinnae on each side, the
lower ones 3-4 in. 1., ^-f in. br., reaching down to the rachis, which above has a
broad wing; texture herbaceous, both surfaces naked ; fertile fr. with an
elongated, strong, erect, chesnut-brown, naked stem ; pinnae 3-4 in. 1., narrowly
linear, |-1 in. apart.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 70. Gard. F. t. 61. W. angustifolia, Sm.

Hab. United States, from Massachusetts to Florida.

6. W. Harlandii, Hk. ; st. 6-18 in. 1., erect, nearly naked ; barren fr. varying
in shape from linear-lanceolate, undivided, to broadly ovate, with 1 or 2 spreading
linear-lanceolate lobes 3-4 in. 1., -|-f in. br., reaching down to a broadly-winged
rachis ; texture coriaceous, both surfaces naked ; fertile fr. with more numerous
and narrower lobes, the lowest pair often quite free from the others ; sori in
broad lines close to the midrib of the lobes, with short lines branching from these
in an erecto-patent direction. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 70. Fil. Ex. t. 7.

Hab. Hong-Kong.

GEN. 37. DOODIA, R. Br.

Sori oblong or slightly curved, superficial, placed in one or more rows parallel
with and between the midribs and margins of the pinnae. Invol. membranous,
the same shape as the sorus. Veins forming one or two series of arches between the
midrib and edge, on which the sori are placed. Fronds 6-18 in. I., pinnate or pin-
natifid. A small genus, confined to the islands from Ceylon eastward to Fiji, New
Zealand, and Australia. TAB. IV. f. 37.

* Pinnatifid. Sp. 1-3.

1. D. aspera, R. Br. ; st. 2-4 in. 1., erect, dark-coloured, asperous ; fr. 6-18 in.
1., 2-4 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with numerous spreading linear pinnce on each
side, which are 1-2 in. 1., ^ in. br., the margin strongly serrated, the base dilated,
the lower ones dwindling down gradually to mere auricles ; texture coriaceous ;
sori oblong, about their own length apart, in one or two rows, the innermost a
short distance from the midrib. — Hk. tip. 3. p. 71.

Hab. Temperate Australia.

2. D. blechnoides, Cunning. ; st. 3-4 in. 1., erect, slightly scabrous below ; fr.
15 in. 1., 6 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with numerous spreading linear pinnce on
each side, the largest of which are 3 in. 1., by rather more than J in. br., the
margin sharply serrated, the base dilated, the upper ones connected, the lower
ones shorter and free, not dwindling down to auricles ; texture coriaceous ; sori
oblong, in a rather irregular row contiguous to the midrib. — Hk. /Sp. 3. p. 72.

Hab. N. S. Wales. — Our description is taken from a wild specimen gathered by
Mr. Fraser. The plant cultivated under this name has the pinnae reduced very gradually
below, as in the last.

3. D. dives, Kunze ; st. 6-12 in. 1., slender, erect, smooth, clothed towards the
base with dark-coloured linear scales ; sterile fr. 1 ft. 1., 3-5 in. br., oblong-
lanceolate, with numerous spreading linear-oblong pinna? on each side, which are
2-3 in. 1., | in. br., the point blunt, the margin undulated and serrated, the base
suddenly dilated, and all except the lowest connected ; texture coriaceous ; fertile
fr. longer, with narrow linear pinnae, the central ones 1 in. apart, connected by a

190 38. ASPLENIUM, § THAMNOPTERIS.

broad decurrent wing to the rachis, the two or three lowest pairs free ; sori linear-
oblong, in two irregular rows, nearer the midrib than the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 74.

Hab. Ceylon. — Kunze's original Javan plant has the fertile pinnae closer.
** Pinnate in lower half. Sp. 4-5.

4. D. media, R. Br. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., erect, smooth, usually nearly black ; fr.
12-18 in. 1., 1^-4 in. br., lanceolate, with numerous spreading linear pinnae on
each side, which are 1-2 in. 1., J-f in. br., acute or bluntish at the point, the
margin toothed, the upper ones dilated and connected at the base, those below the
middle free and cordate or even auricled on the upper side, the lower ones
gradually diminishing ; texture coriaceous or subcoriaceous ; sori short, oblong,
distant, in one or two rows, with a considerable space between the inner one
and the midrib. — HTc. Sp. 3. p. 74. — (S, D. connexa, Kunze ; fr. larger, more
herbaceous in texture ; pinnae sometimes 3 in. or more 1. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 75.

Hab. Polynesian Islands, Australia, and New Zealand.

5. D. caudata, R. Br. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., slender, smooth ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., l|-2 in. br.,
lanceolate, with numerous spreading linear pinnae on each side, which are often
1 in. or more 1., the sterile ones oblong, blunt, sharply serrated, only the
uppermost connected at the base, the frond often terminated by a long entire
point ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis slender, often pubescent ; fertile pinnae
narrower and shorter. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 75.

Hab. Australia, Van Diemen's Land, and New Zealand. — " Very closely allied to
D. media, and probably a variety of it, but more flaccid, the fronds often prostrate,
pinnate nearly to the top, fertile more distinct from the barren and longer." —
Dr. Hooker, Fl. N. Z. p. 370. A curious form (D. linearis, J. Smith) from New
Caledonia and Australia, has a long narrow linear frond, the upper part undivided, only
the lower third sinuato-pinnatifid, with short rounded lobes, the lowest of which are
distinct.

TRIBE 8. ASPLENIE^J.

tSori attached to the veins., oblique with regard to the costa or occasionally sub-
parallel with it, linear or oblong. Invol. the same shape as the sorus, when single
opening towards the midrib, sometimes double. GEN. 38-40.

«

GEN. 38. ASPLENIUM, Linn.

Sori dorsal or submarginal, linear or oblong. Invol. similar in shape, straight,
or occasionally curved, single or double, plane or tumid, bursting along the outer
edge. The second in extent of our genera, including plants from all parts of the
world where ferns grow, of every variety in size, texture, and cutting. Veins free
in a large proportion of the species. Euasplenium 'is connected with Davallieae by
Darea and Loxoscaphe, with Aspidieae through Athyrium, with Pteridese through
Acropteris and Actiniopteris, and with Grammitidese by Ceterach. TAB. IV.
f. 38.

§ Thamnopteris, Presl. Veins connected at the apex by a transverse intra-
marginal line. Fronds undivided. Sp. 1-3. Neottopteris, J. Sm.

1. A. (Thamn.) Nidus, L. ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 3-8 in. br., lanceolate, acute or
acuminate at the apex, tapering gradually below into a short stem, the edge
entire, the midrib rounded on the back ; texture coriaceous ; veins fine and
parallel, about ^ lin. apart ; sori reaching about halfway towards the margin. —
Hk. Sp. 3. p. 77. Bot. Mag. t. 3101.— /3, A. muscefolium, Mett. ; fr. larger,
sometimes 6 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., with sori extending nearly to the edge. — Hk. Sp. Fil.

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ KUASPLENIUM. 191

3. p. 78. — y, A. Australasicuin, Hk. ; midrib keeled on the back, often black.—
We. F. Ex. t. 88.

Hab. Mauritius, Johanna Island, Seychelles, Himalayas, Japan, Bonin, and Chusan,
westward to the Society Islands ; southward to New Caledonia, Queensland, Norfolk
Island, and Lord Howe's Island. The Himalayan and Malayan A. Phyllitidis, Don,
seems to differ from the type only by its smaller size. The aori in some of the specimens
are quite as close as in any of the above. A. pachyphyllum and tceniosum, Kunze, we
have not seen. A plant from Malacca and Java has the veins § in. apart and much
broader sori.

2. A. (Thamn.) Grevillei, Wall. ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., lanceolate-
spathulate, narrowed to an acute apex and suddenly below to a broad wing to
the stipe, which grows very gradually narrower downwards, the margin entire ;
texture coriaceous ; midrib keeled below ; veins nearly horizontal, those in the
body of the fr. about \ lin. apart ; sori on most of them extending within a short
distance of the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 80. Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 128.

Hab. Gathered in Tavoy by Dr. Wallich and Mishmee by Heifer.

3. A. (Thamn.) Simonsianum, Hk. ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 1-1| in. br., tapering
above into an acuminated point and very gradually below into a short stem, the
margin nearly entire ; midrib only rounded and prominent below ; texture
coriaceous ; veins erecto-patent, about | lin. apart ; sori copious, reaching from
the midrib to within a short distance of the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 81. Ic. PL
t. 925.

Hab. Khasia and linker Hills, Bengal, Simons, 232. — This and the preceding are two
little-known plants, perhaps not really distinct from No. 1.

§§ Euasplenium. Veins free, simple or branched; sori linear or linear-oblong,
straight, discoidal. Sp. 4-154. Fig. 38. a.

/
* Fronds quite entire. Sp. 4-17. Phyttitis. J. Sm.

4. A. ensiforme, Wall. ; st. tufted, 1-3 in. 1., firm, erect, scaly below ; fr.
12-18 in. 1., ^-| in. br., much acuminated towards the point, edge nearly entire,
lower part narrowed into the stem very gradually ; texture coriaceous ; veins
immersed, inconspicuous, erecto-patent, usually once forked ; sori broad, reaching
nearly to both midrib and margin. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 90. Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 71.

Hab. Himalayas (ascending to 10,000 ft.) to Ceylon; Moulmein. — The Mexican
A. coriaceum, ~F6e, seems from the description to agree with this.

5. A. angustum, Swartz ; st. tufted, short, firm, greyish, erect ; fr. 1-2 ft. ].,
1-1^ in. br., linear-lanceolate, the point much acuminated, the margin nearly
entire, or the point a little serrated, the lower part narrowed very gradually to
the stem from two-thirds of the way down ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins erecto-
patent, usually simple ; sori rather distant, reaching from the midrib nearly to
the edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 89. A. loriforine, Hk. Ic. 926.

Hab. Brazil and Guiana.

6. A. concolor, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., firm, greenish, clothed with scales in
the lower part ; fr. 6-8 in. 1., 1 in. or more br., lanceolate, the point acute, the
edge slightly crenato-serrate upwards, the lower part narrowed into the stem
very gradually ; texture herbaceous ; veins usually simple ; sori numerous,
narrow, extending from the midrib to the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 88. t. 164. A.

Hab. Java ; and a very similar plant, but with a longer stem and frond, has been
gathered on the Guinea coast by Messrs. Curror, Barter, and Mann.

192 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

7. A. simiatum, Beauv. ; st. tufted, grooved in front, short, erect ; fr. lan-
ceolate, 1-2 ft. 1., 1-2^ in. br., narrowed to an acuminate apex and very gradually
below, the margin slightly undulated but not toothed ; texture coriaceous ; veins
1 lin. apart, usually simple ; sori narrow, often on every vein, reaching from near
the rachis nearly to the margin. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 82. Fil. Ex. t. 61.

Hab. Guinea Coast southward to Angola. — A. venosum, Hk., does not seem safely
separable.

8. A. Currori, Hk. ; st. scarcely any ; fr. lanceolate, 12-18 in. 1., 1^ in. br.,
narrowed gradually to an acuminate apex, but suddenly at the base, the margin
slightly undulated ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins fine, usually once branched,
about ^ in. apart ; sori not reaching by a space either midrib or margin. — Hk.
Sp. 3. p. 82.

Hab. Guinea Coast ; gathered by Curror, Barter, and Mann.— Distinguished from
the last by its more distant and usually branched veins and broader sori.

9. A. coriaceum, Baker ; st. tufted, 2-3 in. 1., firm, compressed, winged ; fr.
9-12 in. 1., 1| in. br., much acuminated at the apex, the edge very nearly entire,
narrowed below gradually into the winged stem ; texture very coriaceous ; veins
oblique and curved, branched at the base and again at or above the middle, so
that at the edge the veins that originate from one are |-f in. apart ; sori distant,
very oblique, generally -| in. 1.

Hab. Cameroon Mountains, Q. Mann.

10. A. squamulatum, Blume ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., strong, erect, scaly below ;
fr. lanceolate, 12-18 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., narrowed to an acuminate apex and very
gradually below into the stem, the margin entire ; texture very coriaceous ; veins
inconspicuous, 1 lin. apart, usually simple ; sori reaching from near the midrib
to j-^ in. of the margin; rachis stout, pale, the lower part furfuraceous. — Hk.
Sp. 3. p. 82.

Hab. Java, Borneo, Philippines. — Habit of A. Nidus, but the veins falling short of
the edge.

11. A. scolopendrioides, J. Sm. ; st. short, erect, scaly ; fr. lanceolate, nearly
1 ft. 1., lj-1^ in. br., narrowed suddenly above to a long caudate apex, very
gradually into the stem below, the margm entire ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins
oblique, usually simple, 1 lin. apart ; sori reaching from the midrib to within
£ in. of the margin ; invol. leaving a distinct elevated ridge on the frond when it
separates. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 84. Ic. PL t. 930.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 318. — A fragment from Borneo exhibits the same raised
line where the involucre bursts, but the stem is much longer. Doubtfully distinct from
Sp. 13, with which it corresponds in texture and venation.

12. A. Sundense, Blume ; rhizome creeping, naked ; st. short, erect, naked ;
fr. lanceolate, 12-18 in. 1., lf-3 in. br., narrowed to an acute point and very
gradually into the stem below, the margin obscurely toothed ; texture coriaceous ;
veins simple, close, nearly horizontal, the copious sori often reaching from the
midrib nearly to the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 85. A. vittaeforme, J. Sm.

Hab. Java, Philippines, Fiji. — An authentic example of Brackenridge's A. amboinense
agrees with this. If Willdenow's plant be the same, that name has priority. This
belongs to the genus Micropodium of Mettenius, which includes the Aspleniece with the
mode of growth of Eupoly podium (Eremobrya, J. Smith).

13. A. Fejeense, Brack. ; rhizome wide-climbing ; st. 6 in. 1., scaly below ; fr.
lanceolate, 18-24 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., caudate or acuminate, often proliferous at

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 193

the apex, narrowed below to a subtruncate base, the margin nearly entire ;
texture subcoriaceous ; veins oblique, occasionally branched, £ in. apart ; sori
reaching from the midrib nearly to the edge. — Hie. Sp. 3. p. 87.

Hab. Fiji, Samoa, and Aneiteum. Differs from the last by its more oblique and more
distant veins and longer and scaly stems.

14. A. simplicifrons, F. Muell. ; rhizome scaly ; fr. subsessile, narrowed
gradually towards both ends, 12-18 in. 1., f-1 in. br., the edge entire or very
slightly undulated, the point acuminate ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins almost
horizontal, parallel, simple, or forked, 1 lin. apart; sori not touching by a space
either edge or midrib. — Fragm. 5. p. 74.

Hab. Kockingham Bay, Australia. — Dallachy, Hill.

15. A. Griffithianum, Hk. ; st. tufted, short, erect ; fr. lanceolate, 6-9 in. 1.,
f-1 in. br., the point acuminate, narrowing below very gradually, the margin
crenato-serrate ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins distant, obscure, usually once
forked ; sori reaching from the midrib two-thirds of the way to the edge. — Hk.
Sp. 3. p. 87. t. 928.

Hab. Assam and Sikkim, ascending to 4,000 ft. — Recognizable at once in the group
by its distinctly crenated margin. A plant from Penang, gathered by Mactier, agrees
with this except that it has a slender stem 6-9 in. 1.

16. A. Gautieri, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1-3 in. 1. ; fr. oblong-lanceolate, 3-4 in. 1.,
f-1 in. br., the point acute, the upper part slightly crenato- dentate, the base
narrowed rather suddenly to a wing which narrows very gradually into the
stem, sometimes with one or a pair of small oblong blunt lobes at the base ;
texture herbaceous ; veins ± in. apart, usually once forked about the middle ;
sori small, distant, not reaching either edge or midrib. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 88. t. 184.

Hab. Island of Nissobe, near Madagascar, Gautier. — The smallest and most delicate
of the group.

17. A. serratum, Linn. ; st. short, stout, erect ; fr. 1^-3 ft. 1., 2-3 in. br., acute
at the apex, narrowed below gradually, the margin undulato-dentate or crenate,
especially towards the apex ; texture coriaceous ; midrib prominent below ; veins
about | lin. apart ; sori often on each, reaching about two-thirds of the distance
to the edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 81. F. Ex. t. 70.

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala, southward to Society Islands, Peru, and S. Brazil.
— We include three species of F6e, — his integrum, serratum, and crenulatum.

** Fronds lobed or pinnatifid. Sp. 18-24.

18. A. subhastatum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr. 4-9 in. 1.,
1^ in. br. at the base, lanceolate, with two short rounded lobes at the base, the
apex acute, the margin entire, the base rounded suddenly into the petiole ;
texture coriaceous ; veins immersed, inconspicuous, erecto-patent, distant, once
or twice forked ; sori not reaching either edge or midrib. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 91. Ic.
PL t. 929.

Hab. Caraccas, and gathered lately in Peru by Dr. Spruce. — Basal lobes not always
obvious. Veins casually anastomosing.

19. A. trilobum, Cav. ; st. tufted, scaly below, 2-3 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 1-1£
in. 1., 1 in. br., rhomboidal, the apex acute, the base cuneate, entire, the margin
undulato-crenate, or the lower part deeply lobed with broad inciso-crenate
divisions ; texture coriaceous ; sori broad and short. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 90. 2nd Cent.
F. t. 11.

Hab. Chili and S. Brazil.— 4. parvulum, Hk. Ic. t. 222, is a small undeveloped form.

2 B

194 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

20. A. Hemionitis, Linn. ; st. tufted, naked, firm, dark-coloured, 4-8 in. 1. ;
fr. 4-6 in. each way, hastate, with a triangular, acute terminal lobe and two
large cordate, acute lateral ones, again bluntly or acutely lobed at the base, the
basal sinus rounded, 1 in. or more deep, and the lobes on each side imbricated
over one another and the petiole ; texture herbaceous ; veins close, usually simple,
with often a narrow line of fruit on each, the longest 1| in. 1. — HJc. Sp. 3. p. 91.
A. palmatum, Lam.

Hab. Spain, Portugal, Barbary States, Azores, Canaries, Madeira, and Cape Verde
Islands.

21. A. attenuatum, R. Br. ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., firm, more or less scaly
throughout ; fr. linear-lanceolate, sometimes 1 ft. 1., ^-f in. br., narrowed
upwards very gradually, sometimes proliferous at the point, the margin toothed,
the lower third also lobed ; the lowest lobes, which are oblong or roundish,
reaching down nearly or quite to the rachis ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins
ascending, the midrib beneath hispid like the stem ; sori reaching nearly to the
edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 92. Hk. $ Gr. Ic. t. 200. Ic. PI. t. 914.

Hab. Queensland and N. S. Wales.

22. A. variabile, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping ; fr. 3-6 in, 1., -| in. br., lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, the apex acuminate or bluntish, narrowed below very
gradually into a short stem, the margin varying from crenate to rather deeply
lobed, especially below ; texture thinly herbaceous, both surfaces naked ; veins
often \ in. apart at the base, simple or once forked ; sori falling short of the
margin.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 93. t. 185.

Heb. Fernando Po, Barter, Mann.

23. A. pinnatifidum, Nutt. ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., naked, polished, chesnut-
brown ; fr. 3-6 in. 1., 1 in. or more br. at the base, lanceolate-deltoid, with a
long gradually narrowing point which is sinuated only, the lobes below this
~~£ in. deep, the lowest ovate-oblong or subspathulate, ^ in. deep by nearly as

r., sinuated and reaching down nearly to the rachis ; texture herbaceous ; lowest
lateral veins of the pinnse often twice forked; sori copious. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 91.
Ic. t. 927.

Hab. Pennsylvania southward to Alabama.

24. A. alternans, Wall. ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., clothed with linear scales ; fr.
6-8 in. 1., 1-1| in. br., lanceolate-oblong, cut down into numerous bluntly-
rounded lobes on each side, which reach very nearly down to the rachis, the
lower growing smaller gradually and sometimes distinct ; texture subcoriaceous,
both surfaces an opaque greyish-green ; veins free, subflabellate ; sori copious.
— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 92. A. Dalhousise, Hk. Ic. t. 105.

Hab. N. W. Himalayas, ascending to 6,000 ft., and gathered also by Schimper in
Abyssinia. — This has entirely the habit and cutting of A. Ceterach.

**#

Fronds once pinnate. Sp. 25-103.

t Pinnae £-£ in. l.t blunt, in most of the species nearly as broad as long.
Sp. 25-44.

A. Group of A. viride. Rachis green, slender. Sp. 25-34.

25. A. projectum, Kunze ; st. scattered, very slender ; fr. 2-3 in. 1., 2 lin. br.,
procumbent, with 12 to 16 pinnce on each side, in slightly-stalked pairs, the
largest of which are not more than 1 lin. each way, roundish and nearly entire ;
texture membranaceous ; rachis taking root and the apex gemmiferous ; sori 1 to 2
to a pinna, oblique. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 148. 1. 181. A.

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 195

Hab. Peru; gathered by by Poeppig. — Habit of Anagallis tendla, but much more
slender.

26. A. viride, Huds. ; st. densely tufted, 2-4 in. 1., naked, the lower part_
chesnut-brown ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., ^ in. br., with 12 to 20 subsessile pinna? on each
side, which are between ovate and rhomboidal in general outline, the upper edge
narrowed suddenly at the base, the lower one obliquely truncate, the outer part
deeply crenated ; texture herbaceous ; rachis green, naked ; veins subflabellate ;
sori copious, linear-oblong, oblique. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 144. Brit. F. t. 30.

Hab. Arctic Europe to the Pyrenees, Dalmatia, Sitcha, and the Himalayas
(12,000ft.) ; N. America, Kocky Mountains, British Columbia, New Brunswick.

27. A. Kraussii, Moore ; st. tufted, slender, green, \ in. 1. ; fr. 3-4 in. 1., f in.
br., linear, with about 12 pairs of sessile pinna? on each side, which are under
£ in. each way, cuneato-flabellate or subrhomboidal in general outline, the
upper and outer edge sharply toothed, the lower straight and entire ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis green ; veins flabellate ; sori linear-oblong, 1-3 to a pinna,
oblique.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 147. t. 180. A.

Hab. Natal, Krauss, 25. — Very near A. vlride, of which it maybe a form, but the
pinnae are more dimidiate and more sharply toothed.

28. A., fragile, Presl ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., slender, flexuose, green or brownish,
sometimes gemmiferous ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., f -£ in. br., with 12 to 20 sessile pinnce on
each side, which are J in. br., nearly as deep, subrhomboidal in outline, the
upper and outer edge toothed, the former narrowed suddenly at the base, the
lower edge entire, nearly straight from the base ; texture herbaceous ; rachis
green, naked ; veins pinnate ; sori short oblique. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 145. Ic. t. 932.

Hab. Along the Andes from Mexico and Peru. — A. rhomboideum, Brack., which
grows also in the Sandwich Islands, has fronds 12-18 in. 1., with pinnae not so dimidiate
and often deeply lobed on the upper side near the base. This also comes very near
A. viride in habit and texture.

29. A. Gilliesianum, Hk. ; st. tufted, very slender, 1-2 in. 1., green ; fr. 4-8 in.

decurved line ; texture thinly herbaceous ; veins fine and copious, subflabellate ;
sori irregular, not reaching the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 146. Hk. fy Gr. Ic. t. 63.

Hab. Andes of Peru and Bolivia. — This comes very near A. fragile, but is a more
slender plant, with the pinnae sharply and irregularly cut.

30. A. vagans, Baker ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., firm, naked, pale-green ; fr. 3-4
in. 1., -|-| in. br., wide-straggling, elongated and rooting at the apex, with 8-12
sessile pinnce on each side, which are J in. br. by less deep, subrhomboidal in
general outline, the upper and outer edge deeply crenated, the base narrowed
suddenly, the lower edge straight and entire; texture coriaceous ; rachis stout,
compressed, and slightly winged upwards ; veins immersed ; sori 2-3 to a pinna,
short, linear-oblong, placed near the margin*

Hab. Island of St. Thomas, West Tropical Africa, Q. Mann ; Madagascar, Dr. Meller.
—This seems a very distinct species, nearest flabelUfoliwm, in habit, but very different in
size, texture, and shape of the pinnae.

31. A. flabellifolium, Cav. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., slender, green or chesnut-
brown, flexuose ; fr. procumbent, wide-straggling, elongated, and rooting at the
apex, 6-12 in. 1., f-1 in. br., with 10 to 15 sessile flabellate pinnce on each side,
which are %-\ in. each way, broadly lobed and the lobes sharply toothed, the

196 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

base cut away in a curve on the lower side ; texture herbaceous ; veins flabellate |
sori oblique, irregular, copious. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 146. Ex. Fil. t. 208.

Hab. Temperate Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand.

32. A. Quitense, Hk. ; st. slightly tufted, slender, green, 1 in. or less 1. ; fr.
2-3 in. 1., | in. br., with 6-12 conspicuously stalked horizontal pinnae on each side,
which are oblong-deltoidal in general outline, but half the lower side cut away,
the rest broadly and bluntly lobed ; texture herbaceous ; rachis green, compressed
and slightly winged ; veins distant, pinnate ; sori 2-4 to a pinna, principally on
the upper side.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 145. 2nd Cent. t. 20.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson, 707 ; Spruce, 5334. — Recedes from A. viride by its
more distant, more deeply lobed and distinctly stalked pinnae.

33. A. Sandersoni, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., green, slightly fibrillose ; fr. 6-9
in. 1., £-f in. br., linear, often gemmiferous at the apex, with'l2 to 20 horizontal
dimidiate pinnae on each side, which are deeply crenate on the upper edge, and
at the base narrowed suddenly into a winged petiole, the lower one nearly
straight and quite entire; texture herbaceous ; rachis green, flaccid ; only the
lowest side vein forked ; sori 1-3, oblong. — Hk. Sp. 3, p. 147. t. 179.

Hab. Natal, Zambesi Land, and Johanna Island. — Nearest A. Quitense, but the pinnae
quite dimidiate and the teeth of the upper side closer and vertical.

34. A. dentatum, Linn. ; st. tufted, 2-6 in. 1., slender, naked, polished, ebeneous
below ; fertile fr. 2-3 in. L, 1 in. br., with 6 to 8 pairs of stalked subopposite
pinnce, which are ^ in. br., f in. deep, oblong-rhomboidal, the lower side at the
base truncate in a curve, the outer edge irregularly crenate ; sterile fr. smaller, on
shorter stalks ; texture herbaceous ; rachis slender, naked, green ; veins sub-
flabellate ; sori copious, in two parallel rows. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 130.

Hab. West Indies, Mexico, and Guatemala. — Pinnae much further apart than in the
rest of the group, the lower pair sometimes 1 in. from the others.

B. Group of A. Trichomanes. Rachis wiry, chesnut-brown or blackish.
Sp. 35-44.

35. A. pygmceum, Hk. ; st. tufted, J in. 1., slender, densely clothed with long
horizontal fibrillose scales ; fr. 1-1| in. L, £-f in. br., linear, with a pinnatifid
point and 3 to 4 sessile pinnce on each side, which are £ in. each way, oblong,
rhomboidal, between cuneato-flabellate and dimidiate, the apex deeply crenated ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis scaly like the stem ; sori unknown. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 147. t. 180. B.

Hab. Madagascar, Dr. Lyall.

36. A. Heuffieri, Reichardt ; st. densely tufted, 2-3 in. L, wiry, slender,
polished, dark chesnut-brown ; fr. 1^-2 in. L, ^-f in. br., with 3 or 4 pairs of
opposite distant pinnae, the lowest of which is j in. each way, rhomboidal-
cuneate, inciso-dentate, and sometimes deeply lobed, uniformly narrowed on
both sides below to a distinct petiole ; texture herbaceous ; rachis naked, dark-
coloured and polished like the stem ; veins flabellate ; sori irregular, linear-
oblong. — Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. 1859. p. 95. t. 4.

Hab. Tyrol, Heuffler. — Some of the German botanists have regarded this as a hybrid
of Trichomanes and germanicum, between which it is quite intermediate.

37. A. Trichomanes, L. ; st. densely tufted, 1-4 in. 1., naked, glossy, chesnut-
brown, polished ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., £ in. or rather more br., with 15-30 opposite
pairs of sessile horizontal pinnce, which are £-§ in. br., l£-2 lin. deep, the edge

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 197

slightly crenate, the two sides unequal, the upper one the broadest, and narrowed
suddenly at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins pinnate, inconspicuous ; rachis
polished like the stem ; sori linear-oblong, 3-6 on each side of the midrib.-—
Hk. Sp. 3. p. 136. Brit. F. t. 29.

Hab. Temperate regions of the Old World, from Britain and the Azores eastward to
Japan and the Himalayas, where it ascends to 6-8,000 ft. ; S. Africa ; South Australia,
Van Diemen's Land, New Zealand, Sandwich Islands ; N. America, and southward
along the Andes to Peru. — TheMadeiran A, anceps, Sol., and S. American A. castaneum,
Cham. & Schl., seem to be luxuriant forms. The latter has the frond sometimes 18 in.
and the pinuas 4 in. 1. : A densum, Brack., is a reduced alpine form from the Andes.

38. A. arcuatum, Liebra. ; st. tufted, very short, polished, blackish \fr. arcuate,
6-9 in. 1., \ in. br., linear, with 20-30 very close-placed horizontal subdimidiate
sessile pinnae on each side, which are J in. or rather less br., £ in. deep, blunt at
the point, the upper side slightly crenate, slightly auricled, and narrowed sud-
denly at the base, lower line entire, nearly straight or decurved in the lower
ones ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis black, and polished like the stem ; veins
pinnate ; sori short, only 1 or 2, parallel with the lower edge of the pinnae. —
Hk. Sp. 3. p. 142. t. 189.

Hab. Mexico. — Probably this ought to be joined with A. monanthemwn.

39. A. extensum, Fee ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., polished, blackish ; fr. 12-24 in. 1.,
f-1 in. br., with 20-40 sessile pinnae on each side, which are \ in. 1., J~§ in. deep,
blunt and entire, the upper side rather the broadest, and often cordate, whilst the
lower is merely rounded at the base ; texture coriaceous ; veins inconspicuous ;
rachis polished like the stem, with 2 hairy lines running up it, sometimes bearing
gemmae, and throwing out branches from the axils of the pinnse ; sori linear-
oblong, 2 or 3 on each side of the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 142.

Hab. Andes of Columbia and Peru. — A larger plant than A. TricJiomanes, with pinnse
very blunt, sometimes nearly round.

40. A. Petrarchce, D. C. ; st. densely tufted, 1-2 in. 1., wiry, nearly black,
densely glandular when young ; fr. 2-3 in. 1., ^ in. br., linear- lanceolate, with
6-10 horizontal sessile pinnae on each side, which are j in. 1., rather less br.,
cordate-ovate, the point blunt, the edge sinuated or pinnatifid, the base unequal,
slightly truncate on the lower side ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins obliquely pin-
nate, ebeneous ; rachis and young fronds glandular ; sori oblong, very short, 4-6
on each side of the midrib. — Hk. /Sp. 3. p. 138. Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 152. A. pilosum,
Guss.

Hab. France, Spain, Italy. — Distinguished from A. Trichomanes by its glandulosity
and more deeply-cut pinnae.

41. A. monanthemum, Linn. ; st. densely tufted, 3-6 in. 1., naked, polished,
chesnut-brown ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., |-1 in. br., with 20-40 horizontal sessile subdi-
midiate pinnce on each side, which are §~| in. 1., % in. deep, the upper side crenate,
suddenly narrowed at the base, often distinctly auricled, the lower more or less
distinctly cut away in a straight or, in the lower pinnse, decurved line ; texture
subcoriaceous ; veins flabellate ; sori linear-oblong, usually 1 or 2, parallel with
the lower edge of the pinnse.— #£. Sp. 3. p. 140.

Hab. Madeira, Azores, Abyssinia, Cape Colony, Sandwich Islands and Mexico along
the Andes to Chili. — A larger plant than A. Tricliomanes, with the sori typically one or
two to a pinna ; but in some of the forms, — for instance, A. Galeottii, Fde, and A. Men-
ziesii, Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 100,— more numerous.

42. A. normale, Don ; st. 4-6 in. 1., tufted, wiry, blackish, polished ; fr. 8-12

198 38. ASPLEN1UM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

in. 1., 1^ in. br., with very numerous close-placed pinnse, the lower ones, which
are f in. 1., % in. br., deflexed, the point obtuse, the edge inciso-crenate, the
upper side auricled and narrowed suddenly at the base, the lower truncate in a
straight line ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis glossy, nearly black ; veins mostly
once forked ; sori in 2 unequal parallel rows. — A. multijugum, Wall. Hk. Sp.
3. p. 139. t. 188.

Hab. Himalayas to Ceylon. — A. opacum, Kunze, is a large form, with herbaceous pinnae
1 in. 1. Very doubtfully distinct from A. monanthemum, but constantly plurisorous.

43. A. subavenium, Hk. ; st. tufted, 2-3 in. L, wiry, blackish, densely fibrillose ;
fr. 9-12 in. 1., 1^ in. br., with very numerous close-placed horizontal pinnae on
each side, which are f-1 in. 1., J-| in. br., Jblunt at the point, the edge slightly
inciso-crenate, the upper side distinctly auricled, and narrowed suddenly at the
base, the lower narrower below, but nearly equal upwards ; texture coriaceous ;
veins faint, and a distinct midrib only in the lower part of the pinnse ; rachis
densely fibrillose, especially below ; sori 2-4 on each side, oblique. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 143. t. 181. B.

Hab. Penang, Mactier.— Bojer's Madagascar specimen, figured in "Species Filicum,"
seems to be an example of this, which differs from the rest of the group by its densely
fibrillose rachis, and is not unlikely A. setosum, Desv.

44. A. ebeneum, Ait. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. L, chesnut-brown, polished, nearly
naked ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., linear-lanceolate, with 20-40 sessile horizontal
or subfalcate/»«Vm<#on each side, which are 1 in. or more L, ^ in. or rather more
br., the point acute or bluntish, the edge inciso-serrate, but sometimes very
faintly so, the base hastately auricled on one or both sides, often cordate ; texture
herbaceous ; veins fine and close, once or twice forked ; rachis chesnut-brown
and bright polished ; sori often 10-12 on each side, oblong, short. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 138.

Hab. Canada to the West Indies, and Ecuador ; Cape Colony.— A. ebenoides, Scott, of
which a single root was found on the banks of the Schuykill above Philadelphia, looks
most like this ; but the pinnse are not cut down to the rachis, and the frond has an
elongated point which is only sinuated with a single row of sori on each side. Probably,
as suggested by Professor Eaton, this is A. Hendersoni of Houlston, figured by Lowe,
vol. 5, t. 12. This species recedes from the Trichomanes group towards A. formosum.

ft Pinnae 1 or 2, linear -cuneate. Sp. 45-46. Acropteris, Link.

45. A. septentrionale, Hoffm. ; st. densely tufted, 3-4 in. 1., slender, erect,
naked, ebeneous towards the base ; fr. simple or cleft from the apex into two
or three cuneate divisions, 1-1^ in. 1., 1 lin. br., with a few sharp lateral and
terminal teeth ; texture coriaceous ; veins forked, subparallel ; sori elongated,
copious, often at last hiding the whole under surface. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 174. Brit.
F. t. 26.

Hab. Norway and Britain, to Spain, Italy, Siberia, and the Himalayas, Eocky Moun-
tains and New Mexico. — This and the following connect Asplenium with Actiniopteris.

46. A. Seelosii, Siebold ; st. densely tufted, 1-2 in. 1., slender, wiry, green, ebe-
neous below ; fr. ^-f in. L, palmately cleft, usually into 3 nearly equal forks,
which are about 1 iin. br., the edge slightly inciso-serrate ; texture coriaceous ;
upper surface pale-green, hairy ; veins obscure ; sori copious, when mature occu-
pying the whole surface. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 175. 2nd Cent. t. 82.

Hab. Tyrol and Carinthia.

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 199

fft Pinnce numerous, linear or linear-oblong, usually ample, acute or acuminate.
Sp. 47-103.

A. Group of A.salicifolium. Pinnce equal or nearly so on both sides at the base.
Sp. 47-60.

47. A. angustifolium, Mich. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., erect, brownish, slightly
scaly below ; fr. 18-24 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., lanceolate-oblong, flaccid, with 20-30
subsessile horizontal pinnce on each side, the sterile ones the largest, 3-4 in. 1.,
\ in. br., acuminate at the point, the edge obscurely crenate, the base rounded
and equal on both sides ; fertile pinnce narrower and more distant ; texture thinly
herbaceous ; veins sometimes twice forked ; sori very close and regular, extending
from the midrib nearly to the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 115.

Hab. Canada, southward to the Southern United States. — A very distinct species.

48. A. multilineatum, Hk. ; st. 6 in. 1., firm, erect, naked, greyish-green ; fr.
12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with a long linear-lanceolate terminal
pinna and 9-18 lateral ones on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1., ^-J in. br., the
point acuminate, the edge faintly toothed, but the point more deeply, the base
cuneato-truncate with a short petiole ; texture herbaceous ; colour dark-green ;
rachis naked ; veins mostly simple, with sori on each reaching from the midrib
to the edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 102. A. distans, Brack.

Hab. Samoa and Fiji. — Characterized by its simple veins, which branch from the
midrib at an angle of from 70 to 80, and close regular rows of sori.

49. A. longissimum, Blume ; st. tufted, 3-12 in. 1., strong, erect, blackish, nearly
naked ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 4-6 in. br., lanceolate elongate, proliferous and rooting at
the apex, with very numerous horizontal pinnce on each side, which are 2-3 in. ].,
j-§ in. br., the point acuminated, the two sides nearly equal, with a distinct
central midrib, the edge slightly toothed, the base on both sides often auricled ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis dark-coloured, strong, slightly villose ; veins forked,
oblique ; sori numerous, in 2 regular rows on each side the midrib and reaching
nearly to the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 149. t. 190.

Hab. Java, Borneo, Malacca, Mauritius.

50. A. Wightianum, Wall. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., greenish, naked ; fr. 12-18
in. 1., 6-8 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with 6-9 pinnce on each side, which are dis-
tinctly stalked, and the lowest 2 in. apart, 5-6 in. 1., -|-| in. br., the point acumi-
nated, the edge irregularly crenate, the base gradually truncato-cuneate, equal
on both sides ; texture coriaceous ; colour pale-green ; veins inconspicuous, distant,
often forked ; sori distant, falling short of the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 105. t. 167.
A. longipes, Fee, Hk. Sp. 3. p. 106.

Hab. Madras and Ceylon.

51. A. Sumatranum, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, grey, naked ; fr. 18 in. 1.,
6 in. br., with a long narrow linear terminal pinna and 6 erecto-patent ones on
each side, which are 6 in. 1., f in. br., the point acuminate, the lower part ob-
scurely undulated, the upper part crenate, the base equally truncato-cuneate
on both sides, decurrent so as to form a distinctly-marked wing to the rachis in
the upper part ; texture very coriaceous ; veins very oblique, usually once forked ;
sori long, reaching nearly from the midrib to "the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 110.
t. 168.

Hab. Sumatra, Teschemacher ; Fiji, Daernel.

52. A. salignum, Blume ; st. 4-6 in. 1., slender, naked ; fr. 6 in. 1., about 6 in.

200 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

br., ovate in general outline, with a long, linear, terminal pinna and 2-3 opposite
pairs, which are 3-4 in. 1., ^-f in. br., with an acuminate point, the margin
faintly crenated, the base cordate, the nodes thickened ; texture coriaceous ;
rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins distant, obscure ; sori falling short of the
margin. —-//£. Sp. 3. p. 95. t. 165. A. diversifolium, Blume.

Hab. Java. — This and the two preceding agree in texture, but may be recognized by
the base of the pinnae.

63. A. alatum, H. B. K. ; St. 4-6 in. 1., rather slender, naked, the upper part
winged, and the rachis furnished throughout with a distinct wing ; fr. 1-1^
ft. 1., 3-4 in. br., with 12-20 horizontal sessile pinnce on each side, which are 1-1^
in. 1., |-| in. br., bluntish at the point, the edge uniformly inciso-crenate, the
base nearly equal on both sides, but the upper one slightly more dilated ; texture
herbaceous ; veins usually once forked ; sori distant, not reaching either the
midrib or edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 121.

Hab. West Indies and Columbia southward to Peru and S. Brazil.

54. A. Vieillardii, Mett. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, nearly naked ; fr. 6-9
in. 1., 6 in. br., with a large linear-lanceolate terminal pinna, lengthened out at
the point and deeply serrated, and 3-4 pairs of erecto-patent similar lateral ones,
which are 4 in. 1., upwards of ^ in. br., equally truncato-cuneate, and the lower
ones slightly stalked at the base ; texture herbaceous ; rachis firm, grey, naked ;
veins oblique, once or twice forked ; sori distant, falling short of both edge and
margin. — Mett. Annales, 4 ser. v. 15. p. 72.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 1645-6.

55. A. salicifolium, Linn. ; st. tufted, strong, naked, erect, 6-12 in. 1. ;fr. 12-18
in. 1., 6-9 in. br., oblong, with a terminal pinna and 4-10 distinctly stalked often
horizontal ones on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1., f-1 in. or more br., the point
acuminate, the edge nearly entire or occasionally lobed below, the base equally
truncato-cuneate on both sides ; texture herbaceous ; veins erecto-patent, rather
close, once or twice forked ; sori falling short both of the edge and midrib. —
Hk.Sp. 3. p. 112.

Hab. West Indies and Panama southward to Eio Janeiro and Peru. — According to
Mettenius, A . juglandifolium, Lam. (A. integerrimum, Spr.), is a distinct species, allied
to this, with entire pinnae ; and A. neogranatense, Fe'e, a form of the same with few pinnae,
the terminal one elongated.

56. A. longicauda, Hk. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, brownish, nearly naked ;
fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., with a large oblong-acuminate terminal pinna 6-8
in. 1., 1-1| in. br., which is often elongated and proliferous ; lateral pinnce 3-9
on each side, similar in shape to the terminal one, but usually smaller, the
margin obscurely undulated, the base nearly equal, and the lower ones slightly
stalked ; texture herbaceous ; colour deep-green ; veins ^ in. apart, simple or
forked ; sori broad and distant, not reaching either the edge or midrib. — Hk.
2nd Cent. F. t. 69.

Hab. Cameroon Mountains and Fernando Po. — In one of Dr. Curror's specimens the
terminal pinna is a foot long, considerably sinuated upwards, and gemmiferous at the
apex ; the lateral pinnae are also often proliferous at the point.

57. A. emarginatum, Beauv. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, brownish, nearly naked ;
fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., with a large lanceolate-oblong terminal pinna 6-8
in. 1., l-l£ in. br., and 3-6 pairs of distant slightly-stalked lateral ones, the
lowest of which are rather smaller than the terminal one, the apex of each

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 201

emarginate, with a small bud in the open sinus, the edge slightly crenate, the
base equal on both sides, rounded into a short stalk ; texture thinly herba-
ceous ; colour bright-green ; veins usually forked ; sori irregular, close, reaching
from the midrib nearly to the edge. — Hk. 2nd Cent. F. t. 80.

Hab. Guinea coast and Angola.

58. A. virens, Presl; st. 6-12 in. 1., rather slender, greyish, naked ; fr. 9-12
in. 1., 6-8 in. br., ovate, with a terminal pinna and 3-5 lateral ones on each side,
which are ^-1^ in. apart at the base, the lowest only distinctly stalked, 3-4
in. 1., f-1 in. br., the point acuminate, the margin deeply crenato-dentate, the
base truncato-cuneate ; texture herbaceous ; colour bright-green ; rachis green,
subflaccid, naked ; veins distant ; sori reaching from the midrib to the edge. —
Hk. Sp. 3. p. 101.

Hab. Gorgona Island and Guyaquil, West Tropical America. — Closely allied to
A, salicifolium and ]

59. A. vukanicum, Blume ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, grey, naked ; fr. 1-2
ft. 1., 4-8 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with a linear-terminal pinna, or gemmiferous
at the apex, and 6-12 lateral ones on each side, the lower ones distinctly
stalked, 4-6 in. 1., f-1 in. br., the point acuminated, the edge slightly crenato-
dentate, the base truncato-cuneate into a petiole sometimes ^ in. 1. ; rachis
naked ; texture herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; veins simple or forked ; sori very
regular and parallel, falling short of the edge ; invol. broad, pale.— Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 102. A. heterodon, Mett., Hk. Sp. 3. p. 107.

Hab. Java and Fiji. — The Ceylonese A. Walkera, Hk. Sp. 3. p. 108. t. 163, does not
seem to be safely separable ; and Mr. Thwaites says that this last and A. Wightianum
pass into one another gradually. A. heterodon, Blume, is said to differ by its stouter
habit, broader pinnae, and fewer sori.

60. A. oligophyllum, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, scaly below ;
fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br., oblong, with a large terminal pinna and 3-8 erecto-
patent lateral ones on each side, which are 6-8 in. 1., 1-1£ in. br., the point
acuminate, the edge obscurely sinuated, the base nearly equal, narrowed or
rounded on both sides into a short winged petiole, the upper ones decurrent on
the rachis ; texture herbaceous ; veins faint, distant, usually once forked ; sori
not reaching the edge by a considerable space. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 107.

Hab. Columbia and Brazil ; and I cannot distinguish a plant gathered at Penang by
Mactier.

B. Pinnce narrowed suddenly at the base on the upper side, the inner edge
nearly parallel with the main rachis, the lower side obliquely truncate. —
Sp. 61-98.

a. Group of A. erectum. Texture of the frond herbaceous ', the colour dark-green^
the veins clearly visible. Sp. 61-75.

61 . A. tenerum, Forst. ; st. tufted, firm, erect, greyish, naked, 4-6 in. 1. ; fr.
8-15 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with 10-20 stalked horizontal pinnce
on each side, which are 1-1^ in. 1., ^-f in. br., bluntly rounded at the point, the
edge deeply toothed throughout, the two sides unequal, the upper one narrowed
almost at a right angle, sometimes slightly auricled, the lower one very obliquely
truncate, lower pinnae deflexed ; texture herbaceous ; rachis compressed ; veins
usually simple ; sori numerous, regular, parallel, not reaching either edge or
midrib.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 117. A. elongatum, Sw. Hk. I. c.

Hab. Ceylon and Malayan Peninsula and islands eastward to Samoa and Fiji, and
gathered lately by Mann at Fernando Po. — A. Doreyi, Kze., seems to be a form of this

2c

202 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

with pinnae more narrowly pointed. This and the two next are distinguished from the
rest of the group by their very close and regular sori.

62. A. lineatum, Swartz ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, more or less scaly ;
fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 4-6 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with 20-30 pinnae on each side, which
are 3-4 in. 1., about -| in. br., acuminate at the point, dentate throughout, all
sessile or nearly so, the base cuneate, but the lower side narrower and
more cut away than the upper ; texture herbaceous ; colour dark-green ;
rachis brownish-grey, and slightly paleaceous ; veins close, often forked ; sori
very regular, reaching from the midrib nearly to the edge. — HJc. Sp. 3. p. 104.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon. — A very puzzling plant, from the fact that it runs gra-
dually into forms with the pinnae again "pinnate, which have either small narrow linear-
cuneate pinnules (Darea incequalis, Willd., and D, bifida, Kaulf.), or event these latter
again deeply bifid or pinnatifid (D. bifida and violascens, Bory).

63. A. prionurus, J. Sm. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, slightly scaly below ;
fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., oblong, with 9-18 pinnae on each side, which are 4-6
in. 1., rather over -| in. br., very much acuminated at the point, deeply and
regularly toothed throughout, the base rather unequal, more truncato-cuneate
on the lower side, with a short distinct petiole on the lower ones ; texture her-
baceous ; veins usually simple, with sori on each reaching nearly to the edge.
— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 103.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 197. — Probably this should be united with A. lineatum.

64. A. erectum, Bory ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., firm, nearly naked, grey or
ebeneous ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., narrowly lanceolate-oblong, with 12-20
horizontal pinnae on each side, which are l-l| in. 1., £-| in. br., bluntish or
acute at the point, more or less deeply inciso-crenate throughout, the two sides
unequal, the upper one at the base narrowed suddenly at about a right angle,
the lower one obliquely truncate ; lower pinnae often deflexed ; texture herbaceous ;
rachis firm, greyish ; veins simple or once forked ; sori falling short of both edge
and midrib. — HJc. Sp. 3. p. 127.

Hab. Universally distributed throughout the Tropics ; America, from Cuba to Rio
Janeiro and Juan Fernandez ; Sandwich Islands, Indian and Malayan Peninsula, Ceylon,
Cape Colony, Tristan d'Acunha northward to Bourbon, St. Helena, Ascension, and the
Guinea coast. — A. harpeodes, Kunze, Hk. Sp. Fil. 1. 178, is a large form with acuminate
pinnae ; A. Fernandesianum, Kunze, a form from Juan Fernandez, with a more rigid
lachis and subcoriaceous pinnae ; A . tenellum, Roxb. (A . reclinatum, Houlst., Hk. Fil.
Exot. t. 72), a form with wide-spreading, dark-green fronds copiously proliferous at the
apex ; A. Barteri, Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 75, a slender flaccid plant, also proliferous ; A. pter-
opus, Kaulf., and A. camptorachis, Kze., forms with the rachis compressed and slightly
winged ; and the pinnae are sometimes more or less distinctly pinnatifid, as in the
S. African A. lobatum and A. gracile of Pappe and Rawson, and the Polynesian A. Ma-
crcei, Hk. & Gr. t. 217. Kunze and Mettenius consider this to be the A. lunulatum of
Swartz, which is an older name than wectum.

65. A. persicifolium, J. Sm. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, nearly naked ;
fr. 18-24 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, often gemmiferous at the apex, with
10-20 horizontal subsessile pinnce -on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1., f-1 in. br.,
acuminate at the point, the margin nearly entire or inciso-crenate, especially
upwards, the two sides unequal, the upper one broader and less obliquely
truncate than the lower one ; texture herbaceous ; veins usually once-forked ;
sori distant, falling short of both midrib and edge. — HTc. Sp. 3. p. 109.

Hab. Neilgherries, Ceylon, Philippines and Solomon's Islands. — A. salicinum, J. Sm.,
is a form with narrow pinnae 6 in. 1., 4 in br., serrated throughout. A. Zenkerianum, Kze.,
is the oldest name with a description.

66. A. obtusifolium, L. ; st. almost tufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, dark-green,

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLEffrtJM. 203

naked ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with 12-20 stalked horizontal pinnae on
each side, which are 2-3 in. 1., £-f in. br., the point acute, the edge slightly
undulato-crenate, the upper side with a distinct auricle at the base, and then
narrowed suddenly, the lower side obliquely truncate ; texture thinly herbaceous ;
colour deep-green ; rachis naked, green, compressed, flaccid ; veins fine, distant,
usually once forked ; sori distant, in 2 regular rows, falling short of the edge.
-—A. riparium, Liebm. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 119. t. 169.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies to S. Brazil. — A. dbtusi-
folium, L., appears to be founded on a dwarfed form of this, with blunt and somewhat
laciniated pinnas.

67. A. fuliginosum, Hk. ; st. tufted, very short, densely clothed with blackish
fibrillose scales ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., with 1 2-24 broadly-adnate horizontal
subfalcate pinnae on each side, which are 1-1^ in. L, §-£ in. br., the point acute,
the edge slightly toothed, the base a little narrowed on both sides in the lower
ones, which are gradually reduced in size downwards ; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous ; colour nearly black when dry ; rachis densely fibrillose throughout ;
veins usually once forked ; sori in 2 regular rows near the point of the pinnae.
— Hk. Sp. a p. 120. 2nd Cent. F. t. 3.

Hab. Borneo ; gathered by Mr. Low. — A very well-marked plant.

68. A. JBorneense, Hk. ; st. 3-4 in. 1., stout, greyish, arcuate, fibrillose ; fr.
3 ft. 1., 2| in. br., with very numerous sessile pinnae, the lower ones growing
smaller very gradually, the central ones 1 J in. 1., J in. deep, the point bluntly
rounded, the upper edge inciso-lobate, auricled inwards, and narrowed suddenly
at the base, the rest and the outer part of the lower edge, which is very
obliquely truncated at the base, distantly toothed ; texture herbaceous ; rachis^
firm, nearly naked ; veins subflabellate in the outer half of the pinnse ; sori
few, almost in parallel rows. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 135. t. 186.

Hab. Borneo, H. Low, Jr. — This comes near A. cultrifolium, but is a stronger plant,
with blunter and more unequal-sided pinnae dwindling downwards very gradually.

69. A.Jlrmum, Kunze ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect, greyish, naked ; fr.
6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., sometimes proliferous at the apex, with 12-20 sessile
horizontal pinnae on each side, which are 1^-2 in. 1., |-f in. br., the point
bluntish, the edge inciso-crenate, the upper one narrowed suddenly at the base,
the lower one obliquely truncate ; texture herbaceous ; rachis firm, naked, slightly
winged ; veins distant, once forked ; sori short, in 2 regular rows, falling short
of both midrib and edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 134. t. 174. A. abscissum, Auct.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Guatemala to Peru and S. Brazil. — Very
doubtfully distinct from A. cultrifolium, from which it differs mainly by its shorter and
blunter pinnse.

70. A. cultrifolium, Linn. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., naked, greyish, firm ; fr. 6-12 in, 1.,
4-6 in. br., deltoid-ovate, with a lobed terminal point and 6-10 pinnce on each
side, which are 3-4 in. 1., ^-f in. br., the point acute, the edge broadly toothed,
sometimes lobed below nearly or quite to the rachis, the base nearly at a right
angle on the upper, but obliquely truncate on the lower side ; texture herba-
ceous ; veins fine, distant, usually once forked ; sori falling short both of the
edge and midrib.— /Z£. Sp. S. p. 110. Diplazium, Kunze.

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala southward to Guyaquil.— The diplazioid character
of the sori is sometimes clearly marked.

71. A. auriculatum, Swartz ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect, nearly naked ;
//•. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., lanceolate-oblong, with 10-20 stalked horizontal
pinnce on each side, which are 2-4 in. 1., f-1 in. br., lanceolate, often subfal-

204 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

cate, the edge deeply crenate, the two sides unequal, the upper one with a
cordate auricle, the lower one obliquely truncate ; texture herbaceous ; lower
veins twice forked, oblique ; sori distant, not reaching either the midrib or edge.
— HL Sp. 3. ^.118. t< 171. A. falx, Dew.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies southward to Brazil and
Peru. — This also comes very near A. cultrifolium in habit and texture. The best cha-
racter is the distinctly cordate base of the upper half of the pinna.

72. A. Prionitis, Kunze ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., strong, erect, greyish ;fr. 1-2
ft. 1., 6-9 in. br., with 8-12 stalked pinnce on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1.,
1-lJ in. br., the point acute or acuminate, the edge sharply toothed throughout,
the upper side narrowed suddenly, and the lower obliquely truncate at the
base ; texture herbaceous ; racMs strong, erect, naked ; veins usually once
forked ; sori copious, linear, reaching nearly to the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 102.

Hab. Natal and Angola. — A stronger plant than species 68 to 71, xvith larger pinnse.

73. A. anisophyllum, Kunze ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, scaly below ;
fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with 10-16 subsessile almost hori-
zontal pinnce on each side, which are 3-5 in. 1., f -1 in. br., acuminated at the
point, crenate or crenato-dentate, the two sides unequal, the upper one nar-
rowed suddenly but not auricled, the lower one obliquely truncate at the base ;
texture herbaceous ; veins usually once forked ; sori distant, elliptical, not
reaching more than halfway from the edge to the margin. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 111.
t. 166.

Hab. Cape Colony, northward to Bourbon, Zambesi Land, and the Cameroon Moun-
tains ; Galapagos Isles, Brazil, and Cuba. — Allied to species 68 to 72, and best recognized
by its short regular sori, with large tumid involucres. A. sanguinolentum, Kze., Hk. Sp.
3. p. 114, is the American form of this species. The original plant of Kunze has nearly
entire pinnae. The Natal A. Boltoni, Hk. MSS. (figured Sp. Fil. t. 166), has them uni-
formly rather deeply inciso-crenate, and with this Mr. Randall puts A . discolor of Pappe
and Kawson as a more divided form.

74. A. Wrightii, Eaton ; st. 1 ft. 1., tufted, stout, scaly below ; fr. 18-24 in. 1.,
6-9 in. br., ovate-oblong, the upper half of the rachis with a narrow wing, 12-20
pinnce on each side, the lower ones 4-6 in. 1., f-1 in. br., lanceolate, subfalcate,
the point acuminate, the upper part sharply and distantly toothed, the lower
also cut down into roundish-spathulate lobes, which reach down nearly to the
rachis, the base unequal, the lower side only obliquely truncate ; texture herba-
ceous ; veins dichotomously forked in each lobe ; sori few, not reaching either
midrib or edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 114. t. 183.

Hab. Japan ; gathered by Wright, and lately by Oldham.

b. Texture of the frond coriaceous or subcoriaceous, colour pale-green, veins com-
paratively obscure. Sp. 75-98.

b*. Group of A. marinum. Sori nearly equal, in two regular pinnate rows on
the two sides of the distinct midrib. Sp. 75-89.

75. A. rhisophonm, Linn. ; st. tufted, firm, erect, 4-8 in. 1., naked, polished,
chesnut-brown ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 4-6 in. br., elongated, and taking root at the apex ;
pinnce 12-30 on each side, the lower ones spreading horizontally, subsessile, 1^-2
in. 1., about \ in. br., inciso-dentate throughout, the two sides unequal, the
upper one auricled, and narrowed at about a right angle, the lower one obliquely
cuneate ; texture herbaceous ; veins usually once forked ; sori not reaching either
the edge or midrib.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 122. t. 187. A.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and W. Indies southward to Peru, and gathered
also by Milne in the Solomon's Islands, S. Pacific. — This is exceedingly variable in
cutting, and may be best recognized by its elongated proliferous rachis. We have

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM, 205

described the form with simple pinnae. A. cyrtopteron and Jtabellatum of Kunze have
them deeply lobed and pinnatifid, especially in the lower half, whilst the plant called
rhizophorum by Swartz is fully bipinnate, and A. rachirhizon, Kaddi, and A. amabile,
Liebm., have distinctly separated oblong- rhomboidal pinnules again deeply cut iato-
narrow segments.

76. A. anisodontum, Presl ; st. tufted, firm, erect, grey, naked or slightly
fibrillose ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with numerous horizontal or subfalcate
sessile pinnae on each side, which are 2-3 in. 1., ^ in. br., the point acuminate,
the edge inciso-crenate, the base on the upper side auricled and narrowed rather
obliquely, on the lower side obliquely truncate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
firm, erect ; veins oblique, mostly once branched ; sori parallel, in 2 regular rows,
reaching nearly from the midrib to the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 153.

Hab. Java and Philippines.

77. A. contiguum, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, chesnut-brown,
naked ; fr. 12-18 in. L, 4-6 in. br., with 20-30 horizontal subfalcate pinnae on
each side, which are acuminated at the apex, the edge more or less sometimes
deeply inciso-serrated and slightly lobed, the base narrowed suddenly, and some-
times auricled on the upper, obliquely truncate in a curve on the lower side ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis firm, naked or slightly villose, chesnut-coloured ;
veins oblique, obscure ; sori close, copious, falling considerably short of the
margin.— //£. JSp. 3. p. 156. t. 194.

Hab. Sandwich Islands, Philippines, Neilgherries. — The alliance of this and the pre-
ceding is with A . falcatum, but the fronds are narrower, and the sori more uniform.

78. A. hirtum, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. L, strong, erect, brownish, deciduously
fibrillose ; fr. 12-24 in. L, 4-8 in. br., with very numerous horizontal pinnae on
each side, which are 2-3 in. 1., J-§ in. br., the point acuminated, the edge broadly
not deeply toothed, the base on the upper side conspicuously auricled, on the
lower side rather suddenly but obliquely narrowed ; texture coriaceous ; rachis
dark-coloured, strong, more or less fibrillose ; veins oblique, inconspicuous ; sori
in 2 regular rows, which fall considerably short of the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 149.
t. 191.

Hab. Mauritius, Madagascar, Seychelles, Malayan Peninsula and Islands, Hong-Kong,
the Philippines, Ladrones and Solomon Islands. — This has the simple veins and regular
sori of A , lineatum and longissimum, but the pinnae are unequal-sided. A . induratum,
Hk. 2nd Cent. F. t. 61, from Fiji, seems to be only a small form of this with blunter
pinnae. A . pellucidum, Lam., is apparently this species ; and if so, that name (a very
inappropriate one) is the oldest.

79. A. hastatum, Klotzsch ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. L, firm, erect, greyish, scaly
below ; fr. 6-12 in, L, 3-4 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with 8-12 horizontal sub-
sessile pinnae on each side, which are 1^-2 in. 1., about ^ in. br., the point acu-
minate, the edge deeply crenato-dentate throughout, the two sides unequal, the
upper one narrowed at nearly a right angle, the lower one very oblique ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis compressed ; veins obscure, very oblique ; sori distant,
falling short of both edge and midrib.— //£. Sp. 3. p. 116. 1. 172.

Hab. Columbia and Ecuador. — A.fragrans, Hk. Ic. t. 88, is a small Andine form with
a winged rachis. This is very near A.firmum and awiculatum, but is thicker in texture.
The Chinese A. cnnicaule, Hance, is said to be like this, but to have a wingless rachis
clothed like the stem with long lanceolate vinose scales with a filiform point.

80,. A. enatum, Brack. ; st. tufted, 6-8 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr. about
1 ft. 1., 4-5 in. br., with 9-15 pinnae on each side, which are 2-3 in. 1., i-f
in. br., the point acute, the upper part bluntly crenated, the two sides very
unequal, the upper rounded or narrowed suddenly at the base, the lower

206 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

obliquely truncate ; texture subcoria,ceous ; rachis firm, compressed and winged
above ; central veins once forked ; sori in 2 regular rows, falling short of the
edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 106.

Hab. Sandwich Islands. — Very near A. compressum, but less robust.

81. A. compressum, Swartz ; st. tufted, stout, erect, 6-8 in. 1., clothed with
scales in the lower part ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., lanceolate-oblong, with 10-20
sessile pinnae on each side, which are 6-8 in. 1., 1 in. or more br., acute or
bluntish at the point, the edge slightly crenato-dentate, the upper ones decur-
rent at the base upon the stout fleshy compressed rachis, the upper side narrowed
suddenly at about a right angle, the lower one obliquely truncate ; texture her-
baceous ; veins distant, often twice forked ; sori broad, distant, not reaching
either the midrib or edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 121. Fil. Exot. t. 76.

Hab. St. Helena. — Pinnae often proliferous from the upper surface (A. facundum,
Kunze);

82. A. vomeriforme, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. 1., naked, firm, erect ; fr. 18 in. 1., 6 in. br.,
lanceolate, with about a dozen stalked horizontal pinnce on each side, which
are 3 in. 1., 1 in. br., acute at the point, the edge nearly entire, the base cordate
on the upper, slightly truncate or rounded on the lower side ; texture subcori-
aceous ; veins immersed, inconspicuous, oblique, often twice forked ; sori long,
but falling considerably short of the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 109. t. 162.

Hab. Peru, Matthews, 1851. — The alliance of this is with the two preceding, but the
pinnae are cordate on the upper, rounded on the lower side at the base.

83. A. macrosorum, Bert. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., scaly at the base, naked and
polished and nearly black upwards ;fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., cordate-acuminate,
with a large terminal pinna, which is 4-6 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., deeply crenate and
cuneate at the base, and 2 or 3 pairs of similar lateral ones, which are slightly
stalked, and the lowest subdeltoid ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and midrib
dark-coloured and polished like the stem ; veins distant ; sori broad, not reaching
either the midrib or the edge.— Hk* Sp. 3. p. 93. t. 176.

Hab. Juan Fernandez ; gathered by Bertero and Philippi.

84. A. nitens, Swartz ; st. scattered, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, chesnut-brown,
polished, naked ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br., with 12-20 ascending or subfalcate
pinnae on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1., |-1 in. br., the point much acuminated,
the edge finely toothed, the base broadly rounded on the upper, truncate in a
curve on the lower side ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis naked, shining ; veins
oblique, often twice forked ; sori in close regular rows, not extending more than
halfway from the midrib to the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 157. t. 195.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon. — This and the two next, like species 76 and 77, resemble
the falcatum group in habit and texture.

85. A. platybasis, Kunze ; st. scattered, 4-8 in. 1., strong, erect, channelled,
the lower part scaly ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., with 12-20 erecto-patent pinnce
on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1., |-1 in. br., acuminated at the apex, the edge
serrated, the two sides unequal, the upper one narrowed suddenly at the base,
the lower one obliquely truncate ; rachis strong, erect, nearly naked ; veins close,
oblique ; sori copious, touching the midrib, but falling short of the edge. —
A. falcatum var. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 160. A. firmum, Fee, non Kunze.

Hab. St. Helena. — Differs from A. Serra mainly by its more copious sori. »

86. A. Serra, Langs. & Fisch. ; st. distant, 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, chesnut-
coloured, polished, the lower part scaly ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 6-12 in.

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 207

spreading pinnce on each side, which are 4-8 in. 1., f-1^ in. br., the point acu-
minate, the edge sharply inciso-serrate, the upper base rounded, the lower
cuneate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis strong, erect, brown, sometimes polished ;
veins very oblique ; sori mostly in 2 parallel rows, close to the midrib.— Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 154.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Guatemala southward to Organ Mountains and
Peru, and gathered also by Mann on the Cameroon Mountains and at Fernando Po. —
Var. Imrayanum, Hk., is a large form with the pinnae often deeply lobed.

87. A. marinum, Linn. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., naked, except at the base,
polished, chesnut-brown, the scales linear, nearly black ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-3
in. br., oblong-lanceolate, the apex pinnatifid ; pinnae of the lower half quite
distinct, spreading horizontally, 1 in. or more 1., \ in. br., oblong or lanceolate-
deltoid, the point acute or obtuse, the margin crenato-dentate, sometimes deeply
sinuated, the base slightly truncate below, and often auricled above ; texture
subcoriaceous ; veins usually once forked ; sori broad, falling short of the edge.
— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 95. Brit. F. t. 31.

Hab. Coast of W. Europe, from the Orkneys to the Canaries and Azores ; and there
are specimens also in the Kew Herbarium from Nova Scotia, the island of St. Vincent,
and S. Brazil.

88. A. obtusatum, Forst. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., firm, greyish, densely clothed
at the base with large, thin, grey, lanceolate scales ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br.,
oblong or ovate-deltoid, with a terminal pinna not much larger than the others,
and 2-6 pairs on each side, which are 1-2 in. 1., ^-| in. br., obtuse at the point,
the edge crenate, the base truncato-cuneate, especially on the lower side, and
shortly stalked ; texture cartilaginous ; rachis firm, broad, often compressed and
channelled, both surfaces naked ; colour pale-green ; veins immersed and incon-
spicuous ; sori copious, broad, linear-oblong, falling short of the edge. — Hk. Sp.
Fil 3. p. 96. Fil. Ex. t. 46.— /3, A. oUiquum, Forst. ; fr. often more than 1 ft. 1.,
6 in. br. ; pinnce more numerous, often 4 in. 1., 1 in. br., narrowed gradually to
an acute point, with the lines of fruit ^-f in. 1. and closer ; texture still carti-
laginous.— y, A . lucidum, Forst. ;fr. sometimes 2 ft. 1., with 15-20 pairs of pinnce
on each side, which are more herbaceous in texture, darker green in colour, the
lowest 6 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., narrowed gradually to a long acuminated point,
the edge more deeply toothed, the rachis often dark-coloured. — Hk. Sp. 3.p. 99.

Hab. Peru and Chili, Polynesian Islands, and plentiful in New Zealand and Australia.
— The three well-known plants here united appear to glide into one another by the most
gradual intermediate stages of transition ; and what complicates the matter still more is
the occurrence of forms with the pinnae pinnatifid or even fully pinnate, which cannot be
separated clearly. Of these A. scleropium, Hombr. & Jacq., is most like /3 in texture,
with the pinnae regularly and closely toothed throughout to a depth of two lines or more ;
A. difforme, R. Br., has an ovate-deltoid frond of coriaceous texture, with pinnae quite
cut down to a narrow-winged rachis in the lower part into distinctly separated roundish
or oblong sinuated pinnules ; and A. Lyallii, Moore (A. lucidum, var. Lyallii, Hk. fil.
Fl. N. Z. t. 77), has a herbaceous frond nearly 18 in. 1., 9 in. br., with lanceolate deltoid
lower pinnae 6 in. 1., 3 in. br. ; in the extreme form cut down into deeply- toothed pin-
nules, which are cuneate at the base and distinctly stalked.

89. A. gemmiferum, Schrad. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., firm, greyish, the base and
lower part scaly ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 4-8 in. br., oblong, generally proliferous at the
apex, with 6-12 erecto-patent distinctly-stalked pinnce on each side, the lowest
of which are 4-6 in. 1., |-1 in. br., narrowed gradually to an acute point ; the
edge crenato-dentate, the base truncato-cuneate ; texture herbaceous or subcori-
aceous ; rachis firm, naked, compressed below ; veins immersed and incon-
spicuous ; sori copious, broad, falling short of both edge and midrib. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 100.

208 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

Hab. Cape Colony, northward to Angola, Zambesi Land, Bourbon, Mauritius, and
Madagascar. — Very near A. obtusatum, of which it may be an African form. Schlech-
tendahl referred it to Forster's lucidum. The pinnse vary considerably in textnre, and
here also there is a divided form (A.flexuosum, Schrad.) which has the pinnae cut down
into narrow lobes about halfway down to the rachis in the upper part, and sometimes
quite down to it near the base.

ft**. Group of A. falcatum. Sori and veins long, irregular, subflabellate, very
oblique. Sp. 90-98.

90. A. auritum, Svvartz ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect, grey, naked ; fr. 6-12
in. 1., 2-4 in. br., with 10-15 distinctly stalked horizontal pinnae on each side,
which are 2-3 in. 1., ^-f in. br., the point acute or bluntish, the edge sharply
toothed or often lobed, especially on the upper side towards the base, which,
if not lobed, is distinctly auricled and narrowed suddenly, whilst the lower
edge at the base is obliquely truncate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis firm, erect,
grey, naked ; veins close, oblique, inconspicuous ; sori in 2 broad rather oblique
rows. — /3, A. macilentum, Kze. ; rachis broadly winged ; pinnce blunt. — y, A. rigi-
dumt Sw. ; pinnce deeply pinnatifid throughout. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 179.

Hab. Common in Tropical America, from Cuba, and Mexico to Peru and S. Brazil ;
Neilgherries, Bourbon.

91. A. paleaceum, R. Br. ; st. densely tufted, 1-3 in. 1., spreading, densely
scaly ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., sometimes rooting and proliferous at the apex,
with 12-20 subsessile pinnce on each side, which are 1 in. 1., §-^ in. br., the point
bluntish, the edge irregularly inciso-dentate, the upper base auricled and nar-
rowed suddenly, the lower obliquely truncate, the lower ones stalked, and
nearly as broad as long ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis densely clothed
throughout ; veins flabellate, deep channelled, conspicuous on the upper surface ;
sori linear, extending nearly to the edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 162. t. 199.

Hab. Tropical Australia. — A very distinct species.

92. A. Hancei, Baker ; st. densely tufted, 3-4 in. 1., erect, dark-brown, slightly
fibrillose \fr. 6-9 in. 1., \\ in. br., with 9-15 horizontal pinnce on each side, which
are f-f in. 1., J-f in. br., the point bluntish, the edges irregularly inciso-crenate,
the upper side narrowed suddenly, sometimes auricled at the base, the lower
obliquely truncate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis firm, slightly fibrillose, no
distinct midrib ; veins subflabellate ; sori few, linear, very oblique.

Hab. S. E. China, Dr. Nance, Col. Durilop. — Intermediate between A. paleaceum and

93. A. erosum, Linn. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, nearly naked ; fr. 6-12
in. 1., 4-8 in. br., with 9-15 pinnce on each side, which are 3-4 in. 1., ^-f in. br.,
the edge slightly lobed and crenato-dentate, the point acuminate, the two sides
unequal, the upper one narrowed suddenly, the lower one obliquely truncate at
the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis firm, erect, greyish ; veins very oblique ;
sori falling short of the edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 198.

Hab. West Indies. — Probably an American form of falcatum.

94. A. falcatum^ Lam. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, greyish, nearly naked ;
fr. 6-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with 6-20 stalked nearly horizontal pinnce on each side,
which are 2-3 in. 1., ^-1 in. br., the point acuminated, the edges lobed often one-
third of the way down, and the lobes sharply toothed, the two sides unequal, and
the lower one at the base obliquely truncate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis naked
or slightly fibrillose ; veins very oblique ; sori in long irregular lines reaching
nearly to the edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 160.

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 209

Hab. Polynesian Islands, Australia, N. Zealand, Malaccas, Ceylon, Indian Peninsula,
Mascaren Isles, Zambesi Land.

95. A. caudatum, Forst. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, densely clothed withr
fine brown fibrillose scales ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., with 20-30 pinnae on
each side, which are 3-4 in. 1., ^-1 in. br., the point acuminated, the edge deeply
toothed, sometimes lobed more than halfway down to the rachis in the lower
part, the two sides unequal, the upper auricled and narrowed suddenly, the lower
very obliquely truncate at the base ; texture coriaceous ; rachis deciduously villose ;
veins very oblique ; sori subflabellate. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 152.

Hab. Polynesian and Malayan Islands, Australia, Hindostan, Johanna Island, Angola.
— Doubtfully distinct from A. falcatum. The best character is in the sori, which are
more confined to the centre of the pinnae, being often restricted to two parallel rows
close to the rachis.

96. A. dimidiatum, Swz. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., blackish, slightly paleaceous,
firm, erect ; fr. 6-15 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with 6-9 opposite pairs of pinnce, which
are 2-3 in. 1., ^-1 in. br., the point acuminated, especially the outer and upper
edge sharply inciso-serrated, the latter rounded or cuneate at the base, the
lower edge very obliquely truncate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis dark-coloured,
firm, slightly scaly ; veins close, flabellate, and no distinct midrib ; sori radiant,
narrow, long, linear. — Hk. tip. 3. p. 159.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba to Peru ; Guinea Coast. — Resembles A . falcatum in
sori and texture, but the pinnae are broader below.

97. A. macrophyllum, Swartz ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., stout, erect, brownish,
nearly naked ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., 6-12 in. br., with 6-12 opposite pairs of stalked
nearly horizontal pinnce, which are 4-8 in. 1., 1-3 in. br., the point acuminate,
the edge sharply serrated, the two sides nearly equal, but the lower one nar-
rowed rather more obliquely ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis naked, firm, erect ;
veins very oblique ; sori in close long parallel lines reaching from the midrib
nearly to the edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 158. t. 196-7.

Hab. Polynesia, Malayan Peninsula and Islands, Hong-Kong, Hindostan, Ceylon,
Mauritius, Johanna Island. — Very near the preceding ; indeed, all the species from 93
to 98 are very close to one another.

98. A. paradoxum, Blume ; st. firm, erect, grey, slightly scaly ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1.,
6-9 in br., with a large oblong-rhomboidal terminal pinna, and 8-12 lateral
ones on each side, the lowest of which are 5-6 in. 1., l-l£ in. br., the point
acuminate and slightly toothed, the two sides unequal, the upper one narrowed
suddenly almost at a right angle, the lower obliquely cuneate ; texture coria-
ceous ; rachis firm, erect, compressed, rather scaly ; veins obscure, very oblique,
usually once forked ; sori reaching nearly from the midrib to the edge. — Hk.
Sp. 3. p. 98. A. zamioides, Hk. Sp. 3. p. 114. 1. 170.

Hab. Java, Sumatra, and Penang. — This occurs sometimes with Scolopendrioid sori.
(See Mett. Fil. Ind. 2. p. 234.)

99. A. obesum, Baker ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect, naked, dark chesnut-
brown, polished ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 3 in. br., with a deltoid terminal pinna !£-!£ in.
each way, and 4-6 opposite pairs of sessile lateral ones, 1 J-l^ in. 1., ^-f in. br.,
all entire or very slightly crenate, the upper ones acute, narrowed suddenly on
the upper side at the base, obliquely truncate on the lower one ; the lower ones
blunt, as broad as long, nearly semicircular ; texture coriaceous ; rachis polished
like the stem, with a raised line on each side ; no distinct midrib, the venation
flabellate ; sori large, linear-oblong, principally in two rows in the upper part
of the pinna.

2 D

210 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

Hab. Guatemala, Salvin & Godman, 119.— Very different from the rest of the group
in the shape of its pinnae.

C. Group of A. resectum. Pinnae with from half to the whole of the lower side
cut away. Sp. 100-104.

100. A. formomm, Willd. ; st. tufted, very short, naked, polished, chesnut-
brown ; Jr. 12-18 in. 1., 1 in. br., with 20-30 sessile horizontal pinnce on each
side, which are -| in. 1., lf-2 lin. deep, the upper edge deeply cut, the point
rather obtuse, the lower edge truncate in a straight line, so that about half the
lower side is cut away ; texture herbaceous ; colour bright-green ; veins obscure,
simple or forked ; sori linear-oblong, short, oblique, placed 1 to 4 on each side of
the midrib.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 143. Fil. Ex. t. 16.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Mexico southward to Brazil and Peru ; Ceylon
and the Neilgherries, Angola and Congo. — By its wiry polished rachis this approaches
the Trichomanes group.

101. A.pulchellum, Raddi ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., slender, erect, naked, greenish ;
fr. 3-6 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., with 12-18 pinnae in each side, which are ^-f in. 1.,
2-3 lin. br., bluntish at the point, almost dimidiate, the upper edge inciso-crenate,
and narrowed suddenly at the base ; texture thinly herbaceous ; rachis slender,
green, compressed ; veins distant, once forked ; sori linear, oblique, falling short
of the edge, sometimes 1 or 2 almost parallel with the midrib on the lower side
ofit— Jffit. Sp. 3. p. 129.

Hab. Tropical America, from Columbia to Peru and Bio Janeiro. — A. Otites, Link, ia
a form with broad blunt scarcely-eut pinnae. Intermediate between firmum and
resectum.

102. A. resectwn. Smith ; st. scattered, slender, naked, dark chesnut-brown,
polished, or grey and opaque, 4-8 in. 1. ; fr. 6-15 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., lanceolate-
oblong, with 10-30 subsessile horizontal pinnce on each side, which are 1-3 in. 1.,
J-^ in. br., in shape almost dimidiate, two-thirds of the lower side being entirely
cut away, the point bluntish, all except the truncate part inciso-crenate, the
upper half at the base narrowed nearly at a right angle ; texture thinly her-
baceous ; rachis usually polished like the stem, sometimes green and opaque ;
veins once or twice forked ; sori not reaching either the midrib or edge. — Hk.
Sp. 3. p. 130. Hk. 8f Gr. Ic. t. 114.

Hab. Japan and Himalayas (ascending to 8,000 ft.) southward to Ceylon, Oahu, and
Fiji ; Mauritius, Seychelles, Bourbon, Angola, and Guinea Coast. — Sometimes the lower
side of the pinna is entirely cut away. A. serrceforme, Mett., is a form with a straw-
coloured stem and abbreviated sori, and A. wistatum, Wall., a tall form with a strong
green stem and falcate deeply-toothed pinnse, cut away for about one-third of the lower
side only.

103. A. fatum, Swartz ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, brownish, naked ;
fr. 6-12 in. L, 3 in. br., with 16-24 sessile pinnce on each side, which are l^in. 1.,
£ in. br., acute at the point, the edge irregularly inciso-crenate, the upper side
narrowed suddenly at the base, the lower truncate in a broad curve ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis naked, polished ; veins fine, distant, the lower ones twice
forked ; sori in two unequal rows falling short of both edge and midrib. —
Hk. Sp. 3. p. 133. t. 173.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and Cuba southward to the Amazon. — Probably
this should be joined with the preceding, but the texture is usually firmer, and the pagina
is more developed on the lower side of the midrib, as in the cristatum form just
mentioned.

104. A. heterocarpum, Wall. J st. scattered, 4-9 in. 1., firm, erect, chesnut-
brown, polished; fr. 6-15 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., with very numerous close-placed
dimidiate pinnce on each side, which are f-1 in. br., j in. deep, the lower edge

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 211

quite entire, the upper broadest towards the base, where it is narrowed suddenly,
deeply incised throughout ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; rachis glossy, chesnut-
brown ; sari I or rarely 2 together in the teeth. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 132. t. 175.

Hab. Himalayas to Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula, S. E. China, Borneo. — A very well-
marked plant, resembling in habit a dimidiate Adiantum.

*** Pinnce cut down at any rate in the lower part nearly or quite to the rachis.
Sp. 105-113. See also 95.

105. A.planicauIe,WsM. ; st. tufted, 3-G in. 1., firm, erect, greyish, nearly naked ;
Jr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., with 12-20 stalked horizontal pinnae on each side,

which are 1-li in. 1., j-f in. br., the point acute, the edge lobed often halfway
down or more "and deeply inciso-serrated, the upper side narrowed and the lower
one very obliquely truncate at the base ; texture coriaceous ; rachis firm, com-
pressed, greyish ; veins very oblique ; sort copious, reaching nearly to the edge.
—Hk. Sp. 3. p. 163. t. 200. B.

Hab. Himalayas (ascending to 6,000 ft.), Neilgherries, Ceylon.

106. A. ladniatum, Don ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect, greyish, often scaly ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., with 12-20 stalked horizontal pinnce on each side,
which are lf-2 in. 1., |-f in. br., the point acute, the edge cut down nearly or
quite to the rachis in the lower part into stalked ovate-rhomboid al lobes, which
are deeply toothed round the outer edge, the lower side very much truncated at
the base; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis firm, compressed, greyish; veins very
oblique ; sori falling short of the edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 164. t. 200. A.

Hab. Himalayas (temperate region) and Japan. — A more herbaceous and more deeply-
cut plant than the preceding, with which Mettenius unites it.

107. A. Mssectum, Swartz ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, chesnut-brown,
nearly naked ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with 20-30 horizontal pinnae on each
side, which are 2-3 in. 1., J in. br., with a very long, narrow, deeply inciso-
pinnatifid upper portion, the base on the upper side narrowed suddenly, on the
lower obliquely truncate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis chesnut-brown and
villose like the stem ; sori almost all in two parallel rows close to the midrib. —
HL Sp. 3. p. 152. t. 192.

Hab. West Indies and Ecuador. — In texture this agrees with fbefalcatum group.

108. A. horridum, Kaulf. ; st. strong, erect, brownish, fibrillose ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1.,
8-12 in. br., with very numerous spreading pinnae on each side, which are 4-6 in.
1., f in. br. at the base, narrowed gradually to an acuminated point, cut down
throughout more than halfway to the rachis into nearly uniform rhomboidal
lobes, cordate or broadly rounded at the base on the upper, truncate in a broad
curve on the lower side ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis stout, clothed with reddish-
brown woolly fibres ; veins oblique, usually once forked ; sori in two nearly
parallel lines close to the midrib, and a few also on the disk of the lobes. — Hk.
Sp. 3. p. 153. t. 193.

Hab. Sandwich Islands, Samoa, and Java. — A well-marked plant.

109. A. protensum, Schrad. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., erect, brownish, villose ; fr.
1-2 ft. L, 4-6 in. br., with 12-30 horizontal pinn.ce on each side, which are
2-3 in. 1., A in. br., the point acuminate, the edge sharply cut halfway down to
the rachis^ the two sides unequal at the base, the upper one auricled and
narrowed suddenly, the lower one obliquely truncate^ in a curve ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis firm, erect, brownish, villose ; veins inconspicuous ; sori in

212 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

two oblique rows, almost confined to the undivided part of the pinnae. — Hk.
Sp. 3. p. 150.

Hab. Cape Colony to Natal, Mauritius, Abyssinia, and Fernando Po.

110. A. Hallii, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., glossy, chesnut-brown ; fr. 6-12 in.
]., 1^-2 in. br., elongated and rooting at the point ; pinnae numerous, horizontal,
the lower ones deflexed, 1 in. 1., J-§ in. br., the point bluntly rounded, the
upper two-thirds cut only halfway down to the rib with linear erecto-patent
teeth, but the lower third cut down nearly or quite to the centre ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis polished like the stem ; veins simple, oblique ; sori in two
rows.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 202. 2nd Cent. F. t. 30.

Hab. Ecuador and the Amazon Valley. — The alliance of this is with A. pi'otensum, of
which it may be an American form, and both closely resemble the very variable A. erectum
in many points.

111. A. mucronatum, Presl ; st. tufted, slender, naked, polished, 1-2 in. 1. ; fr.
1 ft. or more 1., 1 in. or less br., very flaccid in habit, with very numerous pairs
of deflexed sessile pinnse, which are £-f in. 1., J-f in. br., deeply pinnatifid on
both sides, the lobes mucronate, in the lower part reaching down nearly to the
rachis, the base on both sides cordate ; texture membranous ; colour bright-
green ; upper veins simple, distant ; sori linear-oblong, short. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 128.
Ic. Fil. t. 917.

Hab. Brazil. — A very delicate and well-marked plant.

112. A. bipartitum, Bory ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., firm, slender, greyish, naked ;
fr. 6-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., with about 10-15 conspicuously stalked pinnae on each
side, which are 1-1^ in. 1., £-f in. br., bluntish at the point, cut down at the base
on the upper side into one distinctly-stalked cuneate pinnl., sometimes into two
or three, tha outer edge inciso-crenate, the base on the lower side obliquely
truncate ; texture herbaceous ; rachis compressed, winged upwards, naked ;
veins mostly simple ; sori in two regular rows, which reach nearly to the edge.
— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 178. t. 208.

Hab. Mascaren Isles. — This comes nearest some of the divided forms of auritum, but is
less rigid.

113. A. pumilum, Sw. ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., erect, naked, polished, ebeneous
below ; fr. 4-6 in. each way, deltoid, the upper part sinuated only, the lower cut
down to the rachis into distinct pinnae, of which the lowest pair is much the
largest, the pinnl. on the lower side sometimes 2 in. 1., reaching down to a
slightly-winged rachis, acuminate and deeply lobed ; texture herbaceous ;
rachis green, flaccid, compressed ; sori very oblique, the lower ones sometimes
|-1 in. 1.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 174.

Hab. W. Indies and Mexico to Columbia; and a small tender form (A. tenemmum,
Hochst.) has been gathered by Schimper in Abyssinia, and Dr. Kirk in Zambesi Land. —
A very distinct species.

**** Fronds bi- to quadripinnate. Sp. 114-155. See also Sp. 64, 75, 88-90.

Group of A. cuneatum. Texture coriaceous. Ultimate divisions of the frond
linear- or ovate-cuneatey often shining on the upper surface. Venation subftabellate.
Sp. 114-132.

114. A. germanicum, Weiss ; st. densely tufted, 2-4 in. 1., naked, slender,
ebeneous ; fr. 2-3 in. 1., f-1 in. br., lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into a few
distant narrow flabellato-cuneate pinnae on each side, the lowest of which are
again deeply cleft and also slightly inciso-serrate towards the point ; texture

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 213

coriaceous ; veins obscure, subparallel ; sori linear, when mature covering the
whole breadth, but falling short of the point of the pinnse. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 175.
Brit. F. t. 27.

Hab. Scotland and Norway to Hungary and Dalmatia. — Intermediate between Ruta-
muraria and septentrionale.

115. A. Ruta-muraria, Linn. ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., slender, wiry, naked,
ebeneous towards the base ; fr. 1-2 in. 1., about 1 in. br., deltoid, cut down to the
rachis into a few pinnce on each side, the lower ones again cut down into
spathulato-cuneate pinnl., which are serrated round the outer edge ; texture
coriaceous ; rachis firm, green, naked ; veins flabellate; sori copious. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 176. Brit. F. t. 28.

Hab. Arctic Europe to Spain, Algiers, Cashmere, Tibet, and Siberia ; Cape Colony,
United States.

116. A. Hookerianum, Col. ; st. tufted, 1-3 in. 1., slender, greenish, deciduously
scaly ; fr. 3-8 in. 1., 1^-4 in. br., ovate-deltoid, with several distinctly stalked
erecto-patent pinnse on each side, which are sometimes 1-2 in. 1., with several
stalked pinnl. j in. each way, the lower half cuneate, the upper rounded and
crenate ; texture herbaceous ; rachis greenish ; veins subflabellate ; sori 3-5 to a
pinnl. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 194. A. adiantoides, var. minus, Hk. Fil. Ic. PI. t. 983.

Hab. New Zealand. — The pinnse and pinnules in shape resemble those of Ruta-
muraria, but the petioles of the former are terete, not flattened, and the texture is
thinner. A plant which resembles this (var. Mairii, Hk. fil.) has pinnate pinnules and
Dareoid sori.

117. A. Magellanicum, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., wiry, naked, ebeneous
below ; fr. 2-3 in. 1., 1-1J in. br., deltoid with several pinnce on each side, the
lower ones often 1 in. 1., f in. br., cut down to the rachis into several distinct
pinnl. on each side, which are again cut down below into'cuneato-spathulate
segm. 1-1^ lin. br., which are slightly inciso-serrate round the outer edge ;
texture coriaceous ; rachis green, naked, compressed ; veins obscure, flabellate ;
sori oblong, copious, at length covering the whole surface. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 177.
Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 180.

Hab. Temperate S. America. — Divisions like those of Ruta-muraria, but the frond
more compound.

118. A. fissum, Kit. ; st. tufted, 2-6 in. 1., slender, naked, ebeneous below ; fr.
2-5 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., oblong-deltoid, with a few distant pinnce on each side, with
distinct flabellato-cuneate pinnl. which are again deeply pinnatifid ; ult. segm.
under | lin. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis green, naked, slender ; veins
solitary ; sori linear-oblong, when mature occupying the whole breadth of the
segments. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 177.

Hab. Scattered from Gothland to Turkey and Naples. — A well-marked species.

119. A. sepulchrale, Hk., MSS. ; st. densely tufted, 1-2 in. 1., firm, greenish,
nearly naked, ebeneous below ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., with several lanceolate-
deltoid pinnce on each side, which are cut down to a compressed rachis into
several ovate-rhomboidal pinnl. on each side, which are again deeply pinnatifid ;
ult. segm. linear-cuneate ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface shining ; rachis
compressed, green, naked ; veins and sori one to a segm.

Hab. Japan, Oldham, 83, 304, 462 ; China, BlaUston, Maingay, Robinson. — This
comes nearest to A. varians, but the texture is thicker, and the segments are narrower.

120. A. montanwn, Willd. ; st. tufted, 2-3 in. 1., wiry, naked, ebeneous below ;

214 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

fr. 2-3 in. 1,, ] in. br., lanceolate-deltoid, with several pinnce on each side, the
lowest of which are distinctly stalked, deltoid, about \ in. each way, cut down to
the rachis in the lower part into spathulato-cuneate pinnl., sharply serrated
round the outer edge ; texture coriaceous ; rachis naked, green, compressed,
winged upwards ; veins obscure ; sori short, copious. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 177.

Hab. United States. — Intermediate between Ruta-muraria and Adiantum-nigrum.

121. A. Adianturn-nigrum, Linn. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., nearly naked, polished,
chesnut-brown ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., sub-deltoid, with numerous pinnae on
each side, the lower ones deltoid, 2-3 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., cut down to a com-
pressed winged rachis into numerous lanceolate-deltoid pinnl., truncate on the
lower side, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into oblong or spathulate
segm., sharply toothed round the outer edge ; texture coriaceous ; rachis polished
and chesnut-coloured below, upwards winged and compressed ; veins obscure,
oblique ; sori copious, at last often occupying the whole under surface of the
segm. — ]3, A. acutum, Bory ; habit more graceful, fr. more finely cut ; ult. div.
linear-spathulate with mucronate teeth.— y, A. obtusum, Willd. ; ult. segm. short,
flabellato-cuneate, often ^ in. br., habit more slender. A. Serpentini, Tausch.
— d, A. Gaudichaudianurn, Hk. ; texture very thick ; pinnl. distant, lanceolate,
with small distant oblong-spathulate ult. segm. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 187. Brit. F.
t.33.

Hab. Norway and Britain to the Cape Verdes, Azores, Canaries, Cameroon Moun-
tains, Algiers, Abyssinia, Himalayas, and Siberia ; Cape Colony, Sandwich Islands.
Reported also from Java, Virginia, Porto Rico, St. Helena, and Mascaren Isles.

122. A. solidum, Kunze ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., dark chesnut-brown, naked,
polished ; fr. oblong-deltoid, 6-12 in. ]., 4-6 in. br., with 8-12 pinnce on each
side, which decrease gradually upwards, the lowest lanceolate-deltoid, 4 in. 1.,
2 in. br., cut down to the rachis into several quite distinct deltoid pinnl., which
are again cut down below to the rachis into sharply serrated rhomboidal segm.;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis chesnut-brown and polished like the stem ; veins
flabellate, channelled ; sori linear-oblong, when mature sometimes filling up
nearly the whole width of the segments. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 167. t. 201.

Hab. Cape Colony ; and a plant which appears to be the same has been gathered by
Oldham in Japan. — Very near the preceding, with which it probably should be joined.

123. A. dissectum, Brack. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, greyish, naked ; fr. 12-18
in. 1., 4-6 in. br., cut down to the rachis into numerous lanceolate-deltoid pinnce
on each side, the lowest of which are 4-6 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br. ; pinnl. and segm.
distant, subdeltoid, the latter cut into narrow linear ult. divisions, 1-2 lin. 1.,
| lin. br., acute or acutely toothed at the apex ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
firm, ureyish ; veins one in each ult. division ; sori usually solitary. — Brack.
Fit. U.S. Expl. Exp. t. 24.

Hab. Sandwich Islands ; gathered by Douglas and Brackenridge.

124. A. cuneatum, Lam. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr. 6-15 in.
]., 6-9 in. br., with numerous spreading pinnce on each side, the lower ones
3-4 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis into several
distinct ovate-cunetite pinnl., which are inciso-dentate and cut down in the lower
part nearly or quite to the rachis ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis firm, greyish,
nearly naked ; veins fine, conspicuous on the upper surface ; sori linear, sub-
flabellate.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 168.

Hab. Tropical America, "West Indies to Brazil ; Polynesian Islands to Java and
Hong-Kong ; Cape Colony to Mozambique, Johanna Island, and Seychelles. — A. splen-
dens, Kze. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 168, does not seem to be safely separable.

125. A. furcatum, Thunb. ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect, clothed with

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 215

deciduous woolly hairs ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with 12-20 pinnse on each
side, which are lanceolate-deltoid in g-eneral outline, 2-3 in. 1., f-1 in. br., cut
down throughout nearly or quite to the rachis into linear-cuneate pinnl., which
are sharply serrated on the outer edge ; texture coriaceous ; rachis firm, erect,
more or less fibrillose like the stem ; veins deep-channelled, flabellate ; sori
linear, radiant. — Hk. Sp. 3. p, 165. A. prsemorsum, Sw.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies to Peru ; Polynesian Islands
and Australia northward to Tsus-Sirna and the Himalayas ; Cape Colony to Mascaren
Isles, Abyssinia, and the Canaries. — Distinguished from the preceding by its fibrillose
rachis and longer and narrower divisions.

126. A. affine, Swartz ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, grey, nearly naked ; fr.
12-18 in. 1., 6-12 in. br., with numerous pinnae on each side, the lower ones
lanceolate-rhomboidal, cut down to the rachis into numerous distinct rhom-
boidal pinnl. 4-6 in. 1., 1-^-2 in. br., which are again inciso-serrate or deeply
lobed ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis firm, naked ; veins subflabellate ; sori
copious, linear. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 170. t. 202. A. spathulinum, J. Sm. Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 170.

Hab. Mascaren Isles, Ceylon, Philippines, Borneo, Fiji, Sandwich Islands. — Very
Beared, cuneatum, but a more robust plant, with often 10-15 distinct pinnules to the
lower pinnae.

127. A. nitidum, Swz. ; st. 1 ft. L, firm, erect, greyish, naked ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1.,
1 ft. br., with numerous lanceolate-deltoid pinnae on each side, the lowest of
which are 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., cut down to the rachis into numerous stalked
subdeltoid pinnl., which are again cut down to the rachis into broad flabellato-
cuneate segm., inciso-serrate round the outer edge ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
firm, grey, naked : veins channelled, flabellate ; sori short, radiant. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 172. '

Hab. North of India, Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula and Isles. — Very near the last, but
a still larger plant, with ample shining rhomboidal acuminate pinnules, sometimes again
pinnatifid.

128. A. laserpitii folium, Lam. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, greyish,
naked ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 6-18 in. br., with numerous pinnae on each side, the lowest
deltoid-lanceolate, 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., cut down to the rachis into numerous
distinct pinnl., the lowest with rhomboidal-cuneate segm. again deeply pinnatifid ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis slender, naked ; veins fine and deeply channelled ;
sori short, linear-oblong, irregular. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 171. t. 203.

Hab. Polynesian Islands and N. Australia northward to Chusan and Assam ; and
gathered also by Gerrard in Natal. — Like the two preceding, closely allied to A . cuneatum.

129. A. nigritianum, Hk. ; st. tufted, strong, erect, 4-6 in. 1., nearly black and
densely villose ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with numerous horizontal or slightly
deflexed pinnce on each side, which are 2-3 in. 1., -|-^ in. br., cut down to the
rachis into numerous subdimidiate rhomboidal pinnl., the lower ones once
deeply lobed and also inciso-crenate, the lowest imbricated over the main rachis ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis firm, erect ; veins subflabellate ; sori oblong. —
Hk. Sp. 3. p. 223. 2nd Cent. t. 44.

Hab. Prince's Island and St. Thomas, Guinea Coast ; gathered by Barter and Mann.
— A very distinct species, of which our dried specimens are nearly black.

130. A. scandicinum, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, grey, naked ;
fr. 9-18 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., with numerous rather distant pinnce on each side, the
lower ones subdeltoid, 3-6 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., cut down to the rachis into
numerous stalked subdistant pinnl., which are again cut down into cuneato-

216 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

flabell ate segm., 1-2 lin. br., sharply toothed on the outer edge ; texture coriaceous ;
rachis firm, grey, naked ; veins subflabellate ; sori oblong, usually one only to a
segm.— Hk. Sp*. 3. p. 183. t. 204.

Hab. Brazil and Ecuador. — Mettenius makes here two species ; one, A . divergens, Mett.
(Burchell, 2374, 4671), a foot or more long, with pinnules toothed only ; the other
smaller (Burchell, 3508), with pinnatifid and flaccid decurved main rachis and pinnse ;
but our figure is midway between them.

131. A. fragrans, Swartz ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., firm, naked, erect, brownish
below; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., subdeltoid, tripinnate, with numerous close-
placed deltoid pinnae on each side, the lowest 3 in. 1., 1| in. br. ; pinnL lan-
ceolate-deltoid ; segm. subspathulate, 1 lin. br., dentate round the outer edge ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis firm, naked ; veins fine, obscure, one in each tooth
of the segm. ; sori copious, at last often covering the whole under surface of the
segm. — /3, A. fceniculaceum, H. B. K. ; ult. segm. narrowly linear. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 181.

Hab. Tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies to Peru and Brazil. — The
two varieties seem to be quite connected by gradual intermediate gradations.

132. A. Blakistoni, Baker ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., firm, erect, greenish, nearly
naked ; fr. 4-5 in. 1., 3 in. br., ovate-deltoid, with numerous imbricated pinnae ',
the lowest deltoid, 2 in. 1., 1-1 j in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down to the rachis
into distant linear-cuneate sharply-toothed segm. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
firm, naked ; veins obscure, one in each segment ; sori copious.

Hab. Province of Szchuan, West China, Capt. Bldkiston. — This comes nearest to some
of the more finely divided forms of the preceding.

Group of A. lanceolatum. Texture herbaceous or slightly coriaceous. Venation
pinnate. Fronds 4-8 in. long, lanceolate. Sp. 133-136.

133. A. fontanum, Bernh. ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., wiry, slender, naked,
greenish ; fr. 3-6 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with numerous pinnae on
each side, the lower ones short and reflexed, the central ones horizontal,
£-f in. 1., J-f in. br., cut down to the rachis into several stalked pinnl. on each
side, the lower ones oblong, deeply inciso-pinnatifid ; texture herbaceous ; rachis
and upper surface bright-green ; veins oblique ; sori copious, covering nearly
the whole under surface of the pinnl. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 193. Brit. F. t. 34. —
/3, A. Bourgcei, Boiss ; pinnoe oblong, blunt, § in. 1., ^ in. br., cut down about
halfway to the rachis into oblong sharply-toothed lobes, most of them somewhat
decurved.

Hab. England to Spain, Naples, and Greece ; Lycia ; Himalayas. — A.refractum, Moore
(Nat. Brit. F. t. 35), only known in cultivation, comes very near var. (3, but has a chesnut-
coloured rachis, and larger, closer, and more distinctly reflexed pinnae. A. exiguum,
Beddome, from the Neilgherries, seems to be a less-divided form of this, with narrow
fronds and an ebeneous rachis. A similar plant has been gathered in Mexico by Mr.
Glennie, and a long narrow-fronded form, but with broader and more divided pinnse, in
Japan by Mr. Wright.

134. A. varians, Hk. & Gr. ; st. tufted, 1-3 in. 1., slender, naked, greenish ;
fr. 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with 8-12 pinnae on each side, the lower
ones subdeltoid, ^-f in. 1., |-§ in. br., cut down to the rachis into a few cuneato-
flabellate pinnl., the lowest 2 lin. across, sharply toothed on the outer edge ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis slender, naked, green ; veins one carried into each
tooth ; sori copious, when mature covering nearly the whole under surface of
the pinnl.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 192. Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 172.

Hab. Himalayas, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Cape Colony, Caffraria, Natal.

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 217

135. A. incisum, Thunb. ; st. tufted, 1-3 in. 1., polished, chesnut-brown ; fr.
6-12 in. 1., 3^-2 in. br., with numerous pinnce on each side, the lower distant and
blunt, the central ones lanceolate-deltoid, 1 in. 1., ^ in. br., cut down to the
rachis into numerous ovate-rhomboidal pinnl., much truncated at the base on
the lower side and deeply inciso-pinnatifid ; texture thinly herbaceous ; rachis ,
greenish above, compressed, flaccid ; veins one to each tooth ; sori linear-oblong,
one to each vein.— A. elegantulum, Hk. Sp. 3. p. 178. 2nd Cent. F. t. 28.

Hab. Japan (common), Tsus-Sima, Chusan, W. China.— Yery near A, lqnceolatum,]mt
narrower in outline, and thinner in texture.

136. A. lanceolatum, Huds. ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. L, naked, glossy, chesnut-
coloured ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., with numerous pinnce on each side, the lower
ones distant, 1-1| in. 1., J-f in. br., cut down to the rachis into numerous oblong-
rhomboidal pinnl., which are truncate on the lower side, sharply toothed and
often broadly lobed below ; texture herbaceous ; rachis firm, erect, green or
tinged with chesnut ; veins fine, the lateral ones usually once forked ; sori
copious, when mature covering nearly the whole under surface. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 190. Brit.F.t.32.

Hab. South-west of Europe ; England to Greece, Algiers, Madeira, Azores, St. Helena.
A. obovatum, Viv. (Hk. & Gr. t. 147), is a less divided southern form with obovate
pinnules.

Group of A. lulbiferum. Venation pinnate. Fronds \ ft. or more long.
Ultimate divisions ample, herbaceous. Sp. 137-144.

137. A. angustatum, Presl ; st. 6-12 in. 1., naked, greyish or ebeneous below ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with numerous pinnce on each side, the lower ones

deltoid, 2-4 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., lobed and pinnatifid on the upper, cut down below
into distinct inciso-crenate ovate-rhomboidal or spathulate pinnl. £-f in. br. ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis naked, compressed and winged upwards ; veins
pinnate ; sori linear, falling considerably short of the edge. — Mett. Aspl. 177.
non Desv. Sf Bl.

Hab. Brazil. — This is nearest A. adiantoides, but considerably less compound, with
blunt sessile subspathulate pinnules.

138. A. adiantoides, Raddi ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., naked, grey, firm ; fr.
12-24 in. 1., 8-15 in. br., deltoid, quadripinnate ; lower pinnce distant, deltoid,
6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with numerous stalked deltoid pinnl. on each side ; seam.
deltoid, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis ; ult. divisions cuneate-spathulate,
deeply flabellately cut ; texture herbaceous ; rachis firm, naked ; veins one to
each ult. division ; sori copious, linear. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 186.

Hab. Jamaica and Brazil. — Distinguished in the group by its distant long-stalked
pinnae and pinnules.

139. A. Wardii, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, slender, polished, greyish, scaly
towards the base ; fr. 12-15 in. 1., 10 in. br., deltoid, with numerous lanceolate
pinnce on each side, the lowest 5 in. 1., 1^ in. br., cut down to the rachis into
numerous ovate-rhomboidal pinnl., which are f in. 1., ^ in. br., the point blunt, the
two sides unequal, the upper one auricled, the lower one obliquely truncate at the
base, the edge very slightly crenate ; texture thinly herbaceous ; rachis slender,
polished, greyish ; veins conspicuous, the central lateral ones twice forked ;
sori in two regular oblique rows near the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 189. 2nd Cent.
F. t. 33.

Hab. Island of Tsus-Sima, Wilford, 717. — A very distinct species.

140. A. pseudo-nitidum, Raddi ; st. 1 ft. 1., polished, glossy, purplish-black ;

2 E

218 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate-deltoid, bipinnate, with 9-12 pinnae on each side,
the lower ones subdeltoid, 4-6 in. 1., 2 in. br. ; lower pinnl. stalked, ovate-
rhomboidal, with the outer edge toothed and the base on the lower side truncate
in a curve, sometimes lobed in the lower part ; texture herbaceous ; rachis firm,
naked ; veins rather close, once or twice forked ; sori in two nearly regular
rows. — j3, crenatifolium, Hk. ; pinnae cut down in the lower part into spathulate
pinnl.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 184. A. Lindeni, Hk. Sp. 3. p. 185. t. 209.

Hab. Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador.

141. A. Jamesoni, Hk. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, angular, the lower part
clothed with large brown deciduous scales ; fr. 1-2 ft. or more 1., 9-12 in. br.,
with numerous pinnae on each side, the lower ones 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., cut
down to a broadly- winged rachis into deltoid pinnl., which are again deeply
pinnatifid ; ult. segm. oblong or spathulate ; texture herbaceous ; main rachis
firm, compressed and winged upwards ; veins distant ; sori large, oblong, prin-
cipally in two lines close to the midrib and nearly parallel with it. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 184. t. 205.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson, Spruce, 5627.

142. A. acuminatum, Hk. & Arn. ; st. subtufted, 6-9 in. 1., strong, erect,
greyish, deciduously paleaceous ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 9-12 in. br., with very numerous
close-placed lanceolate-oblong pinnce on both sides, which are 4-6 in.' 1., 1^-2 in.
br., cut down to the rachis into numerous unequal-sided lanceolate/wm/., which
are acuminate at the apex, with the edges sharply toothed or even lobed below,
the lower base obliquely truncate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis strong, erect,
greyish ; veins fine, close, deep-channelled ; sori in two rows in the upper part of
the pinnl., often diplazioid. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 183. t. 206.

Hab. Sandwich Islands. — Intermediate between A . lulbiferum and cuneatum.

143. A. squamosum, Linn. ; st. stout, erect, 12-18 in. 1., clothed with large
brown scales below ; fr. 3-6 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., with numerous pinnce on each
side, the lower ones 3-4 in. apart and horizontal, 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., cut down
to a compressed and winged rachis into numerous stalked pinnl. on each side,
which are ovate-rhomboidal, 2-3 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., the apex acuminated, the
edge crenate, the base on the lower side truncate in a curve ; texture rather
thinly herbaceous ; main rachis compressed and channelled ; veins oblique, the
lateral ones usually twice forked ; sori few, principally near the midrib. —
Hk.Sp. 8. p. 186. t. 210.

Hab. West Indies, Venezuela, and Ecuador. — Easily recognized by its large size and
ample pinnules.

144. A. bulbiferum, Forst. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in.l., firm, erect, greyish, scaly at the
base ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., oblong-deltoid, with numerous horizontal pinnce
on each side, which are often proliferous from the upper surface, the largest
4-8 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., cut down to a compressed winged rachis into numerous
lanceolate-deltoid pinnl., which are again cut down into slightly-toothed linear-
oblong segm. %-\ in. 1., 1 lin. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis firm, sometimes
pendulous ; veins fine, pinnate ; sori oblong, when mature often filling the whole
breadth of the segm. — Hk. Ic. t. 423. — /3, A. laxum, R. Br. ; habit more slender ;
segm. narrow, so that the sori are often as if marginal. — y, A. Fabianum, Homb.
and Jacq. ; lower segm. deeply pinnatifid, with narrow divisions and submarginal
sori.— Hk. Sp. Fil. 3. p. 196.

Hab. New Zealand, Australia, New Caledonia, Penang, Samoa, N. India, Mexico,
Guatemala, Bourbon, Seychelles, Johanna Island, Natal. — A. Mertensianum, Kze., from
Bonin, and A. Shuttleworthianum, Kze., are both apparently large quadripinnatifid forms
of this with quite marginal sori.

38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM. 219

Group of A. cicutarium. Venation pinnate. Fronds various in size, texture
thinly herbaceous, colour Iright-green, ultimate divisions finely cut. Sp. 145-155.

145. A. triphyllum, Presl ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., slender, spreading ; fr. 6-9 in.
1., ^-f in. br., with numerous pinnae on each side, cut down into 3 or 5 stalked
linear or oblong-spathulate pinnl. £ in. 1. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis slender^
wide-rambling, often gemmiferous ; veins one in each pinnl. ; sori 1-2 on the
disk of each. — A. herbaceum, Fee. — /3, A. sessilifolium, Desv. ; rachis stronger ;
pinnce distant, with usually three spathulate pinnl., the terminal one £ in. br. —
A. imbricatum, Hk. & Gr. t. 165. A. ternatum, Presl. — y, compactum, Hk. ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis firm, erect; pinnce close ; pinnl. more numerous ;
sori copious.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 203.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador and Peru. — Pinnae usually consisting of three, or at most of
five, nearly equal divisions.

146. A. repens, Hk. ; st. wide-scattered, very slender, very short ; fr. 1-2 in. 1.,
\ in. br., ovate-lanceolate, bi- or tripinnatifid ; pinnce horizontal, 3-4 on each
side, cut down to the rachis into broad cuneate pinnl., which are sharply toothed
on the outer edge and sometimes deeply cleft ; texture tbinly herbaceous ; rachis
naked ; veins simple or forked in each pinnl. ; sori oblong, solitary. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 194. 2nd Cent. t. 31.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson and Spruce.

147. A. delicatulum, Presl ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1,, slender, ebeneous \fr. 3-4 in.l.,
2-3 in. br., subdeltoid, tripiunate, with several deltoid pinnce on each side, the
lowest of which are 1 in. or more 1., f in. br. ; pinnl. deltoid ; ult. segm. linear,
1 lin. 1., j Hn. br. ; texture thinly herbaceous ; rachis compressed, flaccid ; a vein
to each segm. ; sori few, scattered, short.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 182. Ic. PI. t. 915.

Hab. Peru, Venezuela, N. Granada, Brazil.

148. A. divaricatum, Kunze ; st. tufted, very short ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br.,
oblong-lanceolate, with numerous close-placed pinnce on each side, which are
\-\ in. 1., j in. br., cut down to the rachis into numerous pinnl. not more than
1 lin. br. ; segm. linear-oblong, not toothed; texture membranaceous; rachis
very slender, ebeneous ; veins one to each segm. ; sori solitary. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 204.

Hab. Chili and Peru. — Very doubtfully distinct from A. myriophyllum.

149. A. Gibertianum, Hk. ; st. tufted, very short, compressed ; fr. 6-8 in. 1.,
1 in. br., caudate at the apex, with numerous close-placed pinnce on each side,
the largest ^ in. 1., j in. br., ovate-rhomboidal, broadest on the upper side, cut
down to tlfe rachis into simple linear sharp-pointed or broader flabellately
incised pinnl. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis green, much compressed and with a
broad wing on each side all the way down ; veins one to each segm. ; sori one at
the base of each segm.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 199. 2nd Cent. t. 22.

Hab. Paraguay ; gathered by M. Gibert. — A stronger and more regular-growing plant
than the rest of the group, with a very peculiar rachis.

150. A. Colensoi, Hk. fil. ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., firm, erect, clothed throughout
with small scales ; fr. 4-5 in. 1., 2 in. br., with numerous rather rigid erecto-
patent pinnce, the lower on stalks j-^in. 1. ; lower pinnl. spreading, deeply inciso-
pinnatifid, with linear segm. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis slightly scaly ; one vein
to each segm. ; sori oblong, solitary. — Ic. PL t. 984.

Hab. New Zealand. — This is somewhat more rigid in texture than the rest of the
group, but seems on the whole best placed here.

220 38. ASPLENIUM, §§ EUASPLENIUM.

151. A. Fadyeni, Hk. ; st. scattered, 3-4 in. 1., slender, scaly below ; fr. 6-8
in. 1., 2 in. br., with several distant horizontal lanceolate pinnce on each side,
which are only lobed in the upper third, but cut down below into spathulate
pinnl. 2 lin. 1., ^ in. br. ; texture "herbaceous ; rachis naked, flaccid ; veins
pinnate ; sori few, small, linear-oblong. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 192. 2nd Cent. t. 27.

Hab. Jamaica, McFadyen. — This is a feebler plant than the less cut forms of A . rhizo-
phyllum, with fewer and more distant pinnae and pinnules.

152. A. tenuifolium, Don ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., slender, naked, slightly
ebeneous ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-5 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, with numerous pinnce
on each side, the lower ones 2-3 in. 1., f in. br. ; lower pinnl. subdeltoid, cut
down to a narrowly-winged rachis into spathulate segm. ^ in. br., sharply
incised on the outer edge ; texture thinly herbaceous ; rachis green, naked,
slender ; veins solitary ; sori 1 or 2 to each segm. placed on the disk. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 193. 2nd Cent. F. t. 29. A. concinnum, Wall.

Hab. Himalayas, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula.

153. A. rhizophyllum, Kunze ; st. tufted, 2-6 in. 1., greyish, naked ; fr. 6-12
in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., cut down into numerous close-placed horizontal pinnce on
each side, the central ones 1 in. 1., |~§ in. br., cut down throughout nearly to the
centre into simple or forked erecto-patent pinnl., the lowest on the under side
suppressed ; texture herbaceous ; rachis compressed, winged ; veins one to each
segm. ; sori solitary, submarginal. — A. dubium, Brack. /3, A. myriopliyllum,
Presl ; fr. broader ; central pinnce 1^ in. 1., with lower pinnl. cut down into
several simple or forked linear segm. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 200.

Hab. Wisconsin, Florida, and W. Indies, to Peru, Sandwich Islands, and Fiji ; and
gathered lately by Mr. Sanderson in Natal. — A. strictum, Brack, t. 23, differs from the
typical plant by its stronger rachis, and pinnules of the upper half of the pinnae linear-
falcate and simple ; A. bifissum, Fee, is a slender form, with pinnatifid pinnules with
distant linear segments ; and A. cladolepton, F^e, has cuneato-flabellate lower pinnules
deeply 2- to 3-cleft at the apex.

fc

154. A. rutaceum, Mett. ; st. tufted, 1-4 in. 1., naked, polished, chesnut-brown ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, elongated and radicant at the apex ;
pinnce numerous, close-placed, horizontal, the central ones 1-l^r in. 1., j-|f in. br.,
cut down to the rachis into numerous rhomboidal pinnl. 2 lines each way ;
lowest segm. spathulate, stalked ; texture thinly herbaceous ; rachis polished
and chesnut-brown like the stem ; veins one to each segm. ; sori solitary, central.
•—//£. Sp. 3. p. 203. 2nd Cent. F. t. 34.

Hab. Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador, Galapagos Island — This differs from the
preceding by its radicant habit and distinctly obovate-spathulate pinnules. It comes near
A. rachirhizon, Kaddi.

155. A. cicutarium, Swartz ; s*. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., firm, greenish, naked ; fr.
6-15 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with 10-15 horizontal pinnce on each side, the lower ones
2-3 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down to the rachis into numerous ovate-rhomboidal
pinnl., which are f -£ in. 1., ^ in. br., obliquely truncate on the lower side, and cut
down to the rachis throughout into linear or oblong segm., the latter once or
twice cleft at the apex ; texture thinly herbaceous ; colour bright-green ; rachis
compressed and often winged ; sori principally in two rows along the pinnl. —
Hk. Sp. 3. p. 198. — /3, A. Abyssinicum, Fee ; fr. flaccid; texture thin ; pinnl.
and segm. fewer and broader. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 191.

^ Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Mexico to Peru ; Abyssinia, Macalisberg, Guinea
Coast. — A. montverdense, Hk. 2nd Cent, t, 41, appears to be a reduced form of this.

38. ASPLENIUM, §§§ DAREA. 221

§§§ Darea, Juss. (Ccenopteris, ^ory). Veins simple, ultimate divisions of the
frond narrowly linear ; sori linear or linear-oblong, marginal or submarginal.
Sp. 156-177. See also Sp. 62, 144. Fig. 38. b. c.

* Fronds 6-9 in. /., lanceolate or subdeltoid. Sp. 156-164.

156. A. (Darea) Mannii., Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 in. or more 1., slender, naked ; fr.
1-2 in. ]., 1 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid, the upper branches simple, the lower ones
once or twice forked dichotomously ; primary or secondary branches J-| in. ].,
not more than J lin. br. ; texture thinly herbaceous, a single vein in each branch ;
sori oblong, solitary, marginal. — Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 60.

Hab. Cameroon Mountains and Fernando Po ; discovered by Gustave Mann, and
gathered also lately in Zambesi Land by Dr. Kirk.

157. A. (Darea) brachypteron, Kunze ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., wiry, naked ; fr.
4-6 in. L, 1-1^ in. br., with 12-24 horizontal pinnae on each side, of which from
half to nearly the whole of the lower side is cut away, the largest -|-|- in. 1., cut
down to the rachis into simple or forked linear pinnl. 1-1 ^ lin. 1. ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis slender, naked ; sori solitary, often quite marginal. — Hk. Fil.
Ex. t. 14.

Hab. Madagascar, Natal, Angola, and Guinea Coast.

158. A. (Darea) Dregcanum, Kunze ; st. 2-4 in. 1., grey, naked ; fr. 6-9 in. 1.,
2-3 in. br., flaccid and rooting at the point, with numerous flaccid pinnce on each
side, some of which have half the lower side cut away ; the largest 1-lj in. 1.,
cut down into simple or slightly-forked linear pinnl. ^-f in. 1. ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis naked ; sori solitary, submarginal. — Hk. tip. 3. p. 214.

Hab. Natal. — Very doubtfully distinct from A. Irachypteron, with which it is joined by
Mettenius.

159. A. (Darea) obtusilobum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. L, naked, greenish ; fr.
6 in. 1., 2 in. br., with 9-12 subdeltoid pinnos on each side, of which only the
inner third on the lower side is cut away, the largest 1 in. 1., f in. br. ; lowest
pinnl. f in. deep, flabellately cut into 3-5 linear lobes; texture herbaceous;
rachis green, naked ; veins one in each fork ; sori submarginal. — Hk. Ic. t. 1000.

Hab. Tanna and Aneiteum ; and a less-divided plant gathered by Dr. Seeinann in Fiji
is probably the same. — Closely allied to the two preceding.

160. A. (Darea) dichotomum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 in. 1., firm, erect, greenish ;
fr. 3-4 in. L, 1-1 \ in. br., oblong, acute, tripinnate, with 8-12 pinnce on eacli
side, which are truncate on the lower side, cut down to a narrow compressed
rachis, only the lower pinnl. again pinnatifid ; ult. segm. 1^-2 lin. 1., -| in. br. ;
texture herbaceous ; main rachis compressed, greenish, naked ; one vein to each
segm. ; sori solitary, linear, quite marginal. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 210. 2nd Cent. t. 39.

Hab. Borneo.

161. A. (Darea) Upinnatifidum, Brack.; st. tufted, 2-4* in. 1., naked, wiry,
slender ; fr. 6-8 in. 1., 1-1 1 in. br., with 12-20 close-placed erecto-patent pinnce
on each side, the largest -|-f in. 1., f in. br., cut down to the rachis into linear
slightly-flattened pinnl., ± in. deep, the lowest again pinnatifid; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis firm, erect, naked ; veins one in each segm. ; sori small,
solitary, marginal. — D. furcata, Brack, p. 170.

Hab. Fiji ; gathered by Brackenridge, Seemann, and Milne.

222 38. ASPLENIUM, §§§ DAREA.

162. A. (Darea) davallioides, Hk. ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., firm, naked ;fr. 4-6 in. 1.,
2-3 in. br., deltoid, quadripinnate, with 6-9 pinance on each side, the lowest much
the largest, 2-3 in. 1., 1-1| in. br., deltoid ; pinnl. deltoid, with a broadly-winged
rachis and lower segm. again pinnatifid, with curved divaricate lateral divisions,
1-1^ lin. 1., | lin. br. ; texture thick, coriaceous; colour bright-green; rachis
compressed ; veins one to each division ; sori copious, quite lateral, oblong, often
occupying the whole upper side of the ult. divisions. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 212.
2nd Cent. F. t. 40. Humata dareoidea, Mett.

Hab. Japan, Tsus-Sima, Loo Choo, Hong-Kong, Formosa. — The species of all the
group that comes nearest to Davallia.

163. A. (Darea) irregulare, Baker ; st. scattered, 2-4 in. 1., naked, firm, erect,
pale-green ; fr. 6-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., with numerous pinnae on each side, the
uppermost simple, |~§ in. 1., linear-falcate, those next in order dichotomously
forked, the lowest regularly pinnate, with a prolonged simple point and several
distant pinnl. J-f in. 1., ^ lin. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis flaccid, naked,
compressed ; veins one to each pinnl. ; sori sometimes ^ in. 1., with very narrow
involucres.

Hab. Sierra del Crystal, Guinea Coast, Mann, 1636.

164. A. (Darea) Richardi, Hk. fil. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect, greenish,
scaly throughout ; fr. 5-6 in. 1., 2 in. br., with 12 or more close-placed lanceolate
erecto-patent pinnce on each side, which are cut down to a winged rachis into
numerous ovate-rhomboidal pinnL, which are again deeply pinnatifid with
linear-mucronate segm. 1 lin. or less 1. ; texture coriaceous ; rachis firm, com-
pressed ; one vein in each segm. ; sori oblong. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 197. Ic. PL t. 977.

Hab. New Zealand. — This seems to be nearest some of the dwarf tripinnatifid forms
offlaccidum.

Fronds ample, 1-3 ft. I. Sp. 165-177.

165. A. ( Darea) flaccidum, Forst. ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., stout, greenish, naked ;
fr. 1-3 ft. 1., 4-8 in. br., often pendent, with numerous close or distant lanceolate
pinnae, which are 4-8 in. 1., ^-| in. br., sometimes rather rigid and recurved,
sometimes quite flaccid and drooping like the main rachis, sometimes deeply
pinnatifid but more often cut down to the thick rachis in oblique or subfalcate
narrow linear lobes ; texture thick, subcoriaceous ; rachis naked, pale- green like
the frond, compressed upwards ; veins obscure, one in each lobe ; sori in the
divided form quite marginal. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 205.

Hab. New Zealand, Australia, Van Diemen's Land ; and gathered lately also by Dr.
Hillebrand in the Sandwich Islands, and Mr. Sandeison in Natal. — A very variable
species.

166. A. (Darea) rutcefolium, Kunze ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., compressed,
greenish, naked ; fr. 6-15 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., with 12-20 pinnce on each side,
the lowest subdeltoid, 2 in. or more 1., cut down to the rachis into numerous
erecto-patent distant pinnl. on each side, the lowest on the upper side again cut
down into erecto-patent linear segm., the lowest on the under side suppressed ;
texture coriaceous ; rachis compressed ; colour pale-green ; sori small, marginal.
— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 206, A. stans, Kze. A. prolongatum, Hk. Sp. 3. p. 205.
2nd Cent. t. 42.

Hab. Cape Colony northward to Natal and Zambesi Land ; Himalayas, Ceylon, Japan,
and Fiji.

167. A. (Darea) Borbonicum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, greyish ;
fr. 6-15 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., with 12-20 distant erecto-patent pinnce on each side,

38. ASPLENIUM, §§§ DAREA.. 223

which are 1^-2 in. 1., J-f in. br., truncate at the base on the lower, side, regularly
cut down throughout into distant,-: linear, curved pinril. \ lin. br., the lowest on
the upper side larger and again pinnatifid or palmate ; texture coriaceous ; colour
pale-green; rachis thick, flaccid, compressed upwards; one vein and sorus to
each segm., the latter marginal. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 207.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon. — Very near the preceding.

168. A. (Darea) Belangeri, Kunze ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect, greenish,
naked ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., with numerous horizontal pinnce on each
side, 1-l^r in. 1., f in. br., rounded at the point, truncate at the base on the lower
side, regularly cut down throughout to a broadly-winged rachis into linear
erecto-patent pinnl. ^ lin. br., with their own breadth between them, the lowest
usually once forked ; texture coriaceous ; colour pale-green ; rachis compressed ;
one vein and sorus to each segm., the latter marginal. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 209. A.
Veitchianum, Moore.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula, Java, Sumatra, Borneo. — A. Sampsoni, Hance, gathered
by Mr. Sampson about 100 miles west of Canton, of which our only specimen has lan-
ceolate fronds not more than 4 in. 1., under 1 in. br., and ovate-oblong pinnae only cut
down to the rachis at the base, is probably a reduced form. It has been suggested that
this bears the same relation to tenerum that incequale does to linealum, A. decorum, Kunze,
being a connecting link.

169. A. (Darea) Thuribergii, Kunze ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. I., firm, naked,
greyish ; fr. 9-15 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, with numerous
pinnce on each side, the largest 2 in. 1., 1 in. br., bluntish at the point, truncate
at the base on the lower side, regularly cut down throughout to a broadly-
winged rachis into blunt pinnl's. 1 line br., the lowest larger and often again
pinnatifid ; texture herbaceous ; rachis compressed and flaccid upwards ; veins
and sori one in each segm. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 208.

Hab. Natal ; and a similar plant, with longer stems and narrower pinnae and pinnules,
was gathered by G. Mann at Fernando Po. — Habit of the two preceding, but texture
different. Perhaps a Dareoid form of A. erectum.

170. A. (Darea) viviparmn, Presl ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, greenish,
deciduously fibrillose ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br., with numerous close-placed
erecto-patent pinnce on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., cut down to
a compressed rachis into numerous pinnatifid pinnl., the lower segm. of which
are again forked ; ult. divisions |-f in. 1., j lin. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis
firm, erect, often viviparous ; one vein to each division ; sori solitary, marginal.
—Hk.Sp. Fil.3.p.2l5.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.

171. A. (Darea) Novce-Caledonice, Hk. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect,
naked ; fr. 9-12 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., subdeltoid, tripinnate ; lower pinnce and pinnl.
deltoid ; segm. rigid, scarcely flattened, J in. or more 1., distantly placed and
erecto-patent ; texture coriaceous ; rachis firm, erect ; veins solitary in each
segm. ; sori long, linear, marginal. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 213. Ic. PI. t. 911.

Hab. New Caledonia ; gathered by C. Moore, Vieillard, and Deplanche.

172. A. (Darea) dimorphum, Kunze ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr.
2-3 ft. 1., 1 2-] 5 in. br., ovate-deltoid, sterile and fertile ones different or combined ;
lower pinnce ovate-deltoid, 6-8 in. 1., 2 in. br. ; sterile pinnl. ovate-rhomboid al,
1 in. or more 1., ^ in. br., bluntly toothed and the base on the lower side
obliquely truncate; fertile ones the same size, but cut down to the rachis into

22 i 38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§ ATHYRIUM.

very narrow Dimple or forked linear pinnl. ; texture herbaceous ; racMs firm,
erect ; sori linear, solitary, marginal. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 213. 2nd Cent. t. 37.

Hab. Norfolk Island. — Easily recognized by its dimorphous fronds.

173. A. (Darea) scandens, J. Sm. ; st. scattered on a stout creeping rhizome,
very short ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br., with numerous horizontal pinnce on each
side, which are 4-6 in. 1., 1| in. br., cut down to a distinctly winged rachis into
numerous subdistant ovate-rhomboidal pinnl., which are cut down to the rachis
throughout; lower segm. again pinnatifid ; ult. divisions narrowly linear;
texture thinly herbaceous ; rachis firm, erect ; one vein in each division ; sori
solitary, marginal.— #£. Sp. 3. p. 216. 2nd Cent. t. 37.

Hab. New Guinea and the Philippines ; and a similar plant, with simply pinnate
pinnae and a stem about 1 in. 1., from Fiji and Celebes.

174. A. (Darea) multifidum, Brack. ; st. stout, erect, grey, naked, slightly
paleaceous, 12-18 in. 1. ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br.} subdeltoid, quadripinnatifid,
with numerous pinnae on each side, the lowest 6-9 in. 1., 4 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate-
deltoid, truncate at the base on the lower side ; segm. -|-| in. 1., j in. br., the
lowest cut down nearly to the rachis below into close oblong-spathulate
bluntly-toothed divisions, ^ in. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis grey, firm,
rather scaly ; veins and sori one to each division, the latter very small, quite
marginal.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 212.

Hab. Tahiti, Society Isles, and Fiji.

175. A. (Darea) Powellii, Baker ; st. naked, greyish, firm, erect ; fr. 2-3 ft.
]., 12-18 in. br., subdeltoid, 5-pinnatifid, with numerous imbricated erecto-patent
pinnae on each side, the lowest 9-12 in 1., 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl. deltoid, 3 in. 1.,
1^ in. br. ; lower segm. deltoid, their lower divisions again pinnatifid ; ult.
divisions linear, 1^-2 lin. 1., J lin. br., all the divisions erecto-patent ; texture
herbaceous ; colour bright-green ; rachis firm, compressed upwards ; veins and
sori solitary, the latter small (under 1 lin. 1.), linear-oblong, submarginal.

Hab. Samoa, Rev. T. Powell. — This comes nearest to the preceding, but is considerably
more divided.

176. A. (Darea) ferulaceum, Moore ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, naked, greyish ;
fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 9-12 in. br., ovate- deltoid, with several pinnce decreasing gradually
upwards, the lowest horizontal or deflexed, 6-9 in. 1., 3-5 in br. ; pinnl. lan-
ceolate-deltoid ; segm. f-1 in. 1., their divisions again pinnatifid ; ult. lobes
linear, blunt, 1 lin. 1., J lin. br. ; texture thinly herbaceous ; colour bright-green ;
main rachis firm, naked ; veins solitary ; sori lateral, very small, — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 216. 2nd Cent. t. 38.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador and New Granada.

§§§§ Athyrium, Roth. Feins free, sori more or less curved, sometimes horse-
shoe-shaped. Sp. 177-199. Fig. 38. e.

* Fronds deltoid. Sp. 177-180.

177. A. (Athyr.) crenulatum, Fries ; st. 6-12 in. 1., scattered, firm, erect,
naked, straw-coloured, clothed towards the base with large ovate dark-brown
scales ; fr. 9-15 in. each way, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid, with 9-12 pinnce
on each side, the lowest much the largest, 6-9 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br. ; pinnl. lan-
ceolate, cut down to the rachis except towards the point on each side into 4-6
blunt oblong segm. 2 lin. 1., 1 lin. br., which are bluntly toothed ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis straw-coloured ; both surfaces hairy or nearly naked ; sori

38. ASPLEXIUM, §§§§ ATHYRIUM. 225

2-6 to a segm., oblong, usually nearly straight, often double. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 226.

Hab. Scandinavia by way of Siberia to Japan.

178. A. (Athyr.) spinulosum, Baker ; st. G-12 in. 1., scattered, firm, erect,
naked, straw-coloured, more or less clothed throughout with lanceolate pale-
brown scales ; fr. 9-12 in. each way, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid, with 9-12
pinnae on each side, the lowest much the largest, 6-9 in. 1., 2|-3 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down to the rachis on each side into 6-9
oblong-rhomboidal mucronate segm., 2 lin. 1., 1 lin. br., which are sharply
toothed ; texture herbaceous ; rachis firm, naked, or nearly so ; sori 2-10 to
a segm., usually round and the invol. ovate, hut occasionally oblong, and the
invol. slightly curved. — Cystopteris spinulosa, Max. Fl. Amur. p. 340.

Hab. Amur-land, Maximowicz; Manchuria, Wilford, 1163 ; Korea, Wilford, 908.

179. A. (Athyr.) subtriangulare, Hk. MSS. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, naked,
clothed towards the base with lanceolate pale-brown scales ; fr. 1 ft. each way,
deltoid, quadripinnatifid, with 12-18 pinnce on each side, the lowest much the
largest, 6-9 in. 1., 2 in. br., lanceolate ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down to the rachis
on each side into 9-12 close elliptic-rhomboidal segm., 2 lin. 1., 1 lin. br., which
are inciso-serrated, sometimes halfway down ; texture herbaceous ; rachis firm,
naked ; sori 2-12 to a segm., roundish, but the lower invol. quite horseshoe-
shaped. — Athy. Hookerianum, Moore.

Hab. Sikkim, 10-12,000 ft. ; gathered by Dr. Hooker. — Pinnae more numerous than
in the preceding, the segments narrower, more abundantly but not so sharply toothed,
the sori more copious, and the involucre different.

180. A. (Athyr.) medium, Hk. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, densely
clothed throughout with crisped linear reddish-brown scales ; fr. 6-9 in. 1.,
4-6 in. br., subdeltoid, tripinnate, with numerous spreading pinnce on each side,
the lowest 3-4 in. 1., 1-1| in. br. ; pinnl. numerous, lanceolate-rhomboid al, the
lobes ovate-acuminate, in the lower part reaching down nearly or quite to the
rachis ; texture herbaceous ; rachis firm, erect, fibrillose ; veins pinnate, con-
spicuous ; sori copious, often 6-8 to a segm. ; invol. roundish, reniform. — Hk.
Sp. 3. p. 227. Ic. t. 43.

Hab. Tristan d'Acunha. — A well-marked species, which was placed by Carmichael in
Aspidium.

** Fronds lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. Sp. 181-199.

down to the rachis below into blunt ovate-rhomboidal/>mw£., which are broadly
lobed about halfway down to the midrib ; texture herbaceous ; both surfaces
slightly hairy and glandular ; sori 2-6 to a pinnl., placed near the base of the
teeth ; invol. hispid, lunulate. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 220. Athyrium, Eaton.

Hab. Loo-Choo Islands. — A small plant with the habit of Cystopteris fmgilis, and a
slender wide-creeping rhizome.

182. A. (Athyr.) Hohenackerianum, Kunze ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. ]., firm, erect,
clothed throughout rather closely with linear-subulate scales ; fr. 6-9 in. 1.,
l|-3 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, with numerous lanceolate pinnce on each side,
which are cut down below nearly or quite to the rachis into ovate inciso-serrated
pinnl. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis naked or scaly below ; sori copious, oblong;
invol. conspicuous, some distinctly curved. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 220.

2 F

226 38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§ ATHYRIUM.

Hab. Scinde, Peninsular India, Ceylon. — Habit of a small form of Filix-fcemin^ t
but with more sausage-like sori and a fibrillose stem.

183. A. (Atliyr.) grammitoides, Hk. ; st. subtufted, 3-4 in. 1., firm, erect,
copiously scaly ; fr. 6-8 in. 1., l|-2 in. br., lanceolate, with numerous lan-
ceolate-falcate pinna? on each side, which are 1-1^ in. 1., J-§ in. br., the two
sides unequal, the point bluntish, the edge irregularly inciso-crenate, the upper
side distinctly auricled at the base ; texture herbaceous ; rachis chaffy, winged
upwards ; veins pinnate ; sori linear-oblong in two regular rows placed
obliquely, the lower ones slightly curved, often diplazioid. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 228.
Ic. t. 913.

Hab. Peninsular India, Java, Philippines, Sandwich Islands. — The Indian plant is
almost destitute of scales upon the stem and rachis.

184. A. (Athyr.) thelypteroides, Michx. ; st. 1 ft. 1., erect, polished, straw-
coloured ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br., lanceolate, with numerous spreading pinnae,
the lower ones 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into
numerous nearly entire elliptical spreading pinnl. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis
sometimes slightly hairy ; sori in close regular rows reaching nearly from
the midrib to the edge, slightly curved, the lower ones often double. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 229.

Hab. Canada, United States, Amur-land, Himalayas (ascending to 10,000 ft.), Penang.
— Easily distinguished by its long sori in very regular rows.

185. A. (Athyr.) decurtatum, Link ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., erect, straw-coloured
above> deciduously scaly below ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 9-12 in. br., with very numerous
close-placed spreading pinnas 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis
throughout into blunt entire lobes with parallel sides, 2 lin. br. ; texture
herbaceous ; both surfaces pubescent ; veinlets simple, regularly pinnated ; sori
oblong, falling short of both edge and midrib, the lower ones curved. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 226.

Hab. Brazil, Lindberg, 620. — Very like the preceding in habit and cutting, but the
sori much shorter.

186. A. (Athyr.) deparioides, Brack. ; st. 12-18 in. 1., firm, erect, smooth,
greyish ; fr. 3 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., lanceolate, with numerous pinnce on each side, the
lower ones 6-8 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis throughout into
rather distant oblong-obtuse pinnl., which are slightly inciso-crenate ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis firm, naked, proliferous ; veins conspicuous, once pinnate
in each pinnl., the veinlets simple, distant ; sori oblong, one to each veinlet
touching the edge, the lower ones very slightly curved. — Brack, p. 172.

Hab. Oahu ; and we have a single pinna of a plant from Sumatra, gathered by Tesche-
macher, with similar marginal sori, but with considerably broader pinnules not reaching
more than two-thirds of the way down to the midrib.

187. A. (Athyr.) Skinneri, Baker ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, greyish, slightly scaly
below ; fr. 9-15 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, with numerous pinnce on each-
side, the lower ones 1-1£ in. apart, 3-5 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut in the upper part
halfway down and below nearly to the rachis into oblong- rhomboidal blunt
inciso-crenate pinnl., often J in. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis naked, slender ;
veinlets of the pinnl. sometimes forked ; sori small, linear-oblong, 2 to 12 to a
pinnl. — Athyrium, Moore.

Hab. Guatemala. — Perhaps this should be joined with the next, but the pinnae and
pinnules are much less deeply cut, and the latter so broad that they are slightly
imbricated.

38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§ ATHYRIUM. 227

188. A. (Athyr.) achillecefolium, Liebm. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, grey, scaly
below ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, with numerous pinnae on
each side, the lower ones 1-1^ in. apart, lanceolate-acuminate, 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. br.,
cut throughout to a rachis ^ in. br., into regular erecto-patent, oblong, bluntly-
toothed pinnl. \ in. 1., \ in. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis naked, colour dark-
green ; veinlets of the pinnl. simple ; sori oblong, often 1 to each lobe of the
pinnules.— HJc. Sp. 3. p. 230.

Hab. Mexico. — Remarkable for the regularity of the broad wing of the midrib of its
pinnae.

189. A. (Athyr.) macrocarpum, Blume ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, straw-
coloured, scaly below ; fr. 12-24 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, with
numerous pinnae on each side, the lowest 3-6 in. 1., l-lJr in. br., lanceolate, cut
down to the rachis into numerous oblong-rhomboidal pinnl.9 which are inciso-
crenate or pinnatifid ; texture herbaceous ; rachis naked ; lateral veins of segm.
forked ; sori copious, large ; invol. oblong-reniform, f-1 lin. br. — HTc. Sp. 3.
p. 222. A. foliolosum, Wall, (in part). A. decipiens, fallax, and puncticaule,
Mett.

Hab. Himalayas (up to 6,000 ft.), Ceylon, Java, and gathered lately by Dr. Maingay
in the province of Shantung, N. China; and the Japanese A. Goringianum, Mett., is
probably the same plant with rather sharper teeth. — This has a general habit not unlike
that of Nephrodium spinulosum, with the involucre so nearly reniform that Mr. Moore
places it in Lastrea.

190. A. (Athyr.) nigripes, Blume ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., straw-coloured,
erect, scaly below ; fr. 12-24 in. 1., 8-12 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, with numerous
pinnae on each side, the lowest lanceolate, 6-9 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., cut down to the
rachis into numerous elliptico-rhomboidal pinnl., which are broadly lobed about
halfway down and the lobes slightly toothed ; texture herbaceous ; rachis naked,
straw-coloured ; lateral veins of the segm. forked ; sori linear-oblong, often
curved, 1-1^ lin. 1., principally in two parallel rows close to the midrib of the
pinnl. — A. gymnogrammoides, Klotzsch. Sic. Sp. 3. p. 227. A. costale, Blume,
non Swartz.

Hab. Himalayas (ascending to 10,000 ft.), Neilgherries, Ceylon, Java, and Japan. —
Very like A. macrocarpum in general habit, but quite different in fruit. A. solenopteris,
Mett., is a form of this, with the pinnules more sharply toothed, and cut down in the
lower part nearly or quite to the rachis ; and there is another plant (var. dissectum, Moore)
with much smaller sori, and the habit of the more finely divided forms of Filix-
fcemina.

191. A. (Athyr.) niponicum, Mett. ; rhizome creeping, the scales lanceolate,
reddish ; st. 6-12 in. 1., glossy, stramineous ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 6-8 in. br. ; pinnos
lanceolate, distinctly stalked, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis below into
oblong-lanceolate unequal-sided pinnl., which vary from subentire to deeply
pinnatifid ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked, often tinged with
purple ; sori copious, the lower ones often quite horseshoe-shaped. — Mett. Fil.
Ind. 2. p. 240.

Hab. Japan and China.

192. A. (Athyr.) Filix-foemina, Bernh. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect,
straw-coloured or brownish, scaly below ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br., oblong-lan-
ceolate, with numerous pinnce, the lower ones spreading, lanceolate, 3-6 in. ].,
1-l^r in. br., cut down to a compressed winged rachis into lanceolate or ovate-
rhomboidal pinnl., which are again deeply inciso-pinnatifid ; texture thinly herba-
ceous ; rachis naked, slender ; veins pinnate in the lobes ; sori linear-oblong, the
lower ones often curved.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 217. Brit. F. t. 35.

228 38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§ ATHYEIUM.

Hab. Arctic Europe to Madeira, the Canaries, Algiers, Crete, Himalayas (10-1 2,000 ft.),
Kamschatka, and Japan : Africa — Abyssinia, Natal, Cameroon Mountains (7,000 ft.) :
America — Sitka and Labrador to Cuba, Caraccas, and Venezuela. Of the common
European forms A. Filix-fcemina is a large plant with narrow lanceolate deeply pinnatifid
pinnules ; A. rhceticuni, Roth, is smaller, with the pinnules broader, and not so deeply
cut ; A. molle, Roth, thinner in texture, with oblong rhomboidal pinnules \ in. broad ;
"and A. latifolium, Bab. (non Presl), a form with the pinnules so broad that they are con-
siderably imbricated. The N. America*n A. Martensi, Kunze, and A; Galeottii, Fe*e, do
not seem safely separable. The E. Indian A. pectinatum, Wall., is very thin in texture,
and has deeply-cut pinnules, with narrow .spreading segments. A. tenuifrons, Wall., is
like A. molle, but with the midrib of the pinnse and pinnules beset with firm yellow
spines or strigillse ; as is also the case with various Indian, Ceylonese, and Javan forms,
with narrower, more slender, and more straggling pinnse and pinnules, — as A. gracile,
Don ; A. stramineum, J. Sm. ; A. tenellum, Wall. ; A. proliferum, Moore ; and the
S. American A. Dombeyi, Desv. The Abyssinian A. Schimperi, Moug. and Fee, has a
creeping rhizome, firmer texture, and a bright stramineous rachis. The Natal A. laxum,
Pappe and Rawson, is like A. rhceticum, but firmer in texture. Plants from Vancouver's
Island and the Rocky Mountains have round sori, with slightly-developed ovate invo-
lucres ; and a plant found by Mr. Stansfield in Yorkshire, very delicate in texture and
bright-green in colour, with pinnules quite cut down to the rachis into linear-lanceolate
segments, which are again deeply incised, produces involucres only very rarely, and is
the Phegopteris plumosa of J. Smith (B. and F. Ferns, p. 269).

193. A. (Athyr.) oxypliyllum, Hk. ; st. firm, erect, 6-12 in. 1., straw-coloured,
clothed at the base with large lanceolate-acuminate reddish-brown scales ; fr.
1-2 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br., lanceolate, with several distant pinnae on each side, which
are 4-8 in. 1., 1-2 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, sometimes auricled on the upper
side, in the larger forms again pinnatifid, teeth mucronate ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis firm, naked, straw-coloured ; veins regularly pinnated ; sori in two rows
on the pinnse or pinnl. midway between the midrib and edge ; invol. oblong-
reniform. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 221. A. drepanopteron, A. Br. Lastrea eburnea,
J. Sm.

Hab. Himalayas (ascending to 7,000 ft.), Java, and Japan. — The midrib of the pinnae
on the upper side is often spinulose. This is as variable as A. Filix-fcemina in size and
cutting, but the texture is rigid, and the involucre much more like that of Lastrea.

194. A. (Athyr.) aspidioides, Schlecht. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., stramineous,
slender, naked, except at the base ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., ovate-deltoid, tri-
pinnatifid ; lower pinnae 6-8 in. 1., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down
below nearly to the rachis into inciso-pinnatifid ovate segm. 2 lin. br. ; texture
herbaceous ; colour dark-green ; both surfaces naked ; rachis stramineous,
slender ; sori copious, oblong, the lower ones curved. — j3, A. scandicinum, Presl ;

fr. larger and more finely cut ; segm. deeply pinnatifid, with narrow linear
divisions, the whole breadth of which the sori sometimes occupy. — A. multi-
sectum, Brack. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 223.

Hab. Ecuador, Sandwich Isles, Neilgherries, Madagascar, Fernando Po, Cape Colony.
— The extremes differ widely, but some of Dr. Spruce's American examples quite cor-
respond with the Cape and E. Indian plant.

195. A. (Athyr.) brevisorum, Wall. ; st. 12-18 in. 1., erect, slender, naked,
greyish ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 9-18 in. br. ; lower pinnae 1 ft. or more 1. ; pinnl. lan-
ceolate, distant, 2-3 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br. ; segm. lanceolate, f in. 1., 2 lin. br.,
deeply and sharply toothed ; texture herbaceous ; rachis naked ; lateral veins of
the segments forked ; sori small, 6-12 to a segm., in two rows near the midrib,
the lower ones curved, often double. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 229.

Hab. Ava and Mishmee, and gathered lately in the Sandwich Islands by Dr. Hille-
brand. — Like A. achillecefolium in cutting, but much larger and more compound.

196. A. (Athyr.) conchatum, Moore ; st. 2 ft. or more 1., stout, erect ; fr. 3-4

38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM. 229

ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ; lower pinnae lanceolate, 9-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., with numerous
lanceolate pinnl. on each side, which are cut down to a winged rachis into
linear-oblong spreading inciso-crenate segm. |-1 in. 1., j in. br. ; texture herba-
ceous ; veins one to each tooth ; sori short, oblong, in two oblique rows near the
midrib ; invol. brown, subcoriaceous, persistent. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 231.

Hab. West Indies. — "We include here four species of Fe*e — his Athyr. conchatum*
and Hypochlamys pectinata, Tustsaci, and squamulosa. His genus HypocJilamys is charac-
terized by having the sori on the lower side of the vein and the involucre opening
towards it.

197. A. (Athyr.) fimbriatum, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., firm, erect, clothed
below with dark-brown scales ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ; lower pinnce 6-12 in.
1., 2-3 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate; segm. subdeltoid, distinctly stalked, deeply
and sharply inciso-pinnatifid, with mucronate teeth ; texture herbaceous but
firm ; rachis strong, naked ; sori close, copious, broadly oblong ; invol. oblong or
subreniform, convex. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 234.

Hab. Himalayas, ascending to 8-9,000 ft. — Distinguished by its large compound habit,
firm texture, and subreuiform involucre.

198. A. (Athyr.) umbroswn, J. Sm. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., strong, erect,
brownish, clothed below with dark scales ; fr. 3-5 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ; pinnce
ovate-lanceolate, 12-18 in. 1., 3-6 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, close, cut down to
the rachis into numerous unequal-sided elliptico-rhomboidal lobes, f-j? in. 1.,
2 lin. br., which are deeply inciso-crenate ; texture herbaceous ; colour bright-
green ; veins pinnate ; sori close, copious, oblong ; invol. large, tumid, mem-
branous.—Allantodia, R. Br. A. australe, Brack. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 232.

Hab. Madeira, Canaries, Azores, Guinea Coast, Himalayas (ascending to 6-8,000 ft.),
to Ceylon, Java, Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. — I cannot point out any cha-
racter to distinguish the Australian from the Madeiran plant. The Javan A. muricatum,
Mett., has a muricated stem. This differs from the species retained in Allantodia by
the involucre bursting not in the middle, but along the edge, as in the other species of
Asplenium.

199. A. (Athyr.) woodwardioides, Baker ; st. firm, erect, naked, dark
chesnut-brown ; fr. 2-3 ft, 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; lower pinnce 6-9 in. 1., 3 in. br.,
pinnl. lanceolate, slightly stalked, \\ in. 1., \ in. br., cut down two-thirds of the
way to the rachis into linear-oblong sublalcate finely-toothed lobes ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 4-5
veinlets on a side, the upper ones forked ; sori oblong, confined to the lower
lobes close to the midrib and not reaching more than halfway to the edge. —
Brachysorus, Presl. Allantodia sylvatica, Blume. Athyr. basilare, Fee. Dipl.
brevisorum, J. Sm.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 153 ; Java, Blume. — Resembles in habit A. polypodioidea.

§§§§§ Diplazium, Swartz. Veins free, the sori and involucres extending to
loth sides of some of them. Sp. 200-263. Fig. 38. f.

* Frond simple, entire or very nearly so. Sp. 200-202.

200. A. (Dipl.) lanceum, Thunb. ; st. scattered, 4-6 in. 1., slightly fibrillose ;
fr. 6-9 in. 1., f-1 in. br., attenuated gradually upwards and downwards, the
edge entire or slightly undulated ; texture coriaceous ; veins pinnated, all reach-
ing the edge ; sori linear, irregular, reaching nearly to the edge, but not to the
midrib.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 235. A. subsinuatum, Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 27. Triblemma,
J. Smith.

Hab. Himalayas, Ceylon, China, and Japan.

230 38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM.

201. A. (Dipl.) subserratum, Blume ; st. scattered, 1-2 in. 1., firm, erect ;/r. 12-18
in. 1., 1^ in. br., narrowed gradually towards each end, sometimes rounded at the
base, the edge towards the point bluntly crenated ; texture thinly herbaceous, satiny ;
veins pinnated ; sori linear, reaching*the midrib, but not the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 236. t. 164. B.

Hab. Java and Penang.

202. A. (Dipl.) plantagineum, L. ; st. tufted, firm, erect, 6-9 in. 1. ; fr. 6-9 in. 1.,
2-3 in. br., the point acuminate, the base rounded, the edge slightly undulato-
dentate upwards, sometimes lobed towards the base ; texture coriaceous ; veins
pinnated ; sori slender, linear, sometimes nearly touching both edge and midrib.
— #£. Sp.3.p. 237.

Hab. Mexico and W. Indies southward to Brazil.

** Fronds linear-lanceolate, cut down to the racMs at the base. Sp. 203.

203. A. (Dipl.) zeylanicum, Hk. ; st. scattered, 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect, scaly
throughout ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., the point acuminated, the apex slightly
lobed, the lower two-thirds more deeply so, and the base quite down to the rachis ;
lobes blunt, J-^ in. across ; texture herbaceous ; veins pinnate ; sori linear, 2-3
lin. 1.— Hk. tip. 3. p. 237. 2nd Cent. t. 16.

Hab. Ceylon, Gardner, Thwaites.

*** Fronds with the lower half or three-quarters pinnate. Sp. 204-235.
f Pinnae entire, or very slightly lobed. Sp. 204-217.

204. A. (Dipl.) toz«7e, Baker ; st. 6-8 in.l., firm, erect, dark-brown, and rather
scaly at the base ; fr. 6-9 in. L, 4-5 in. br., ovate-deltoid, with numerous close-
placed pinnce on each side, which are 2-3 in. 1., § in. br., the point much acu-
minate, the edge slightly inciso-serrated, the two sides rather unequal, the upper
one slightly auricled, and both subcuneate at the base ; rachis naked, firm ; tex-
ture subcoriaceous ; veins fine, close, 4-5 in a group ; sori beginning at the midrib,
but not reaching the edge. — D. humile, Bojer.

Hab. Mauritius. — In habit not unlike A. cultrifolium, but different in texture and
venation.

205. A. (Dipl.) pallidum, Blume ; st. 6-12 in. L, firm, erect, naked ;/r. 1-2 ft. 1.,
6-12 in. br., with numerous horizontal pinnae on each side, the lower ones stalked,
\-\\ in. apart, 3-6 in. 1., ^-| in. br., linear-lanceolate, the apex acuminate, the
base rounded, especially on the upper side, the edge often sharply toothed ; texture
subcoriaceous ; veins once or twice forked ; sori in regular lines from the midrib
very nearly to the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 238.

Hab. Philippines, and Malayan Peninsula and Isles. — A plant gathered by Cuming,
herbaceous in texture, with very broad involucres, is perhaps distinct.

206. A. (D\p\.) porrectum, Wall. ; st. 1 ft. 1., firm, erect, brownish ; fr. 9-18 in. 1.,
6-9 in. br., subdeltoid, with numerous horizontal pinnce on each side, the lower
ones stalked, 3-4 in. 1., £ in. br., the point rather blunt, the upper ones subentire,
except that the base on both sides is distinctly auricled, the edge in the lower ones
bluntly lobed, sometimes one-third to halfway down, the base narrowed suddenly ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis naked ; lateral veins simple or once forked ; sori in
regular parallel rows extending from the midrib to the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 250.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Isles — This comes very near to the last in texture, and
is probably A . crenato-serratum, Bluine.

38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM. 231

207. A. (Dipl.) cultratum, Mett. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., grey, naked ;fr. 6-9 in. 1.,
3-4 in. br., the apex pinnatifid, the lower two-thirds pinnate, with 3-5 pinnce on
each side, the lower ones distinctly stalked, 2 in. 1., £ in. br., the point acute,
rather falcate, the edge nearly entire, both sides narrowed suddenly, and the upper
one auricled at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins twice forked ; sori linear,
slender, reaching the edge but not the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 247.

Hab. Luzon, Owning, 199.

208. A. (Dipl.) pinnatifido-pinnatum, Hk. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ;
fr. 9-12 in. ]., 6-9 in. br., with a deltoid apex deeply lobed below, and 3-4 pinnce
on each side, which are 3-4 in. 1., 1 in. br., the point acute, the edge sharply
but not deeply toothed, the base cuneate on both sides ; texture coriaceous ; veins
obscure, copiously pinnated ; sori irregular, beginning at the midrib, but falling
far short of the edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 238.

Hab. Mishmee, Griffith. — In texture and dulness of colour this resembles the last
species and A. Brackenridgii.

209. A. (Dipl.) Seemannii, Baker ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, dark-brown,
naked ; fr. 9-15 in. 1., 4 in. br., lanceolate, with 12-20 pinnce on each side, the
lower ones horizontal, subsessile, 2 in. 1., £-f in. br., the point acute, the edge
slightly lobed below, the base slightly cordate on both sides, the upper side
auricled ; texture herbaceous ; veins dark-green, 2-3 to a group ; sori reaching
from the midrib quite to the edge. Diplazium, Moore, Tnd. Fil. p. 337.

Hab. Darien, Seemann. — This has the texture and pellucid venation of A. grandlfolium,
but the whole plant and pinnae are much smaller, with veins only twice forked, and sori
running up on the unbranched fork to the edge.

210. A. (Dipl.) lantamense, Baker ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, nearly naked ;
fr. 9-18 in. 1., with a large terminal pinna and 1 to 4 pairs of lateral ones, which
are 6-8 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., both ends narrowed, the edge very nearly entire ;
texture coriaceous ; veins 3-5 to a group ; sori slender, irregular, nearly touching
both edge and midrib. — Diplazium, Bl. A. fraxinifolium, Wall., Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 240. 2nd Cent. t. 19. — /3, A. alternifolium, Mett. ; pinnce broader, rounded at
the base ; lower veins not reaching the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 239.

Hab. Himalayas, Hong-Kong, Malaccas, Borneo, Aneiteum. — Probably a free-veined
form of A. lineolatum.

211. A. (Dipl.) Lechleri, Mett. ; st. 2-3 ft. 1., stout, erect, slightly scaly towards
the base \fr. 8 ft. 1., with numerous pinnce 1 ft. or more 1., 2^-3 in. br., the point
acuminate, the edge slightly toothed towards the point, the base rounded equally
on both sides ; texture very coriaceous ; rachis strong, erect ; veins simple, close,
parallel ; sori beginning at the midrib, but falling short of the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 244 (in part}.

Hab. Peru, Lechler, 2269 ; Rio Negro, Spruce, 3832 ; Essequibo, Appun, 186.

212. A. (Dipl.) Callipteris, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., strong, erect, brownish ;
fr. 2-3 ft. 1., with numerous pinnce 9-12 in. 1., 2-2| in. br., the point acuminate,
the margin toothed only towards the point, the base rounded equally on both
sides, the lower ones stalked ; texture coriaceous ; colour bright-green ; veins 5-6
to a group ; sori beginning at the midrib, and reaching nearly to the edge. — Dipla-
zium, Fee, Gen. Fil. 214.

Hab. Cuba, Linden ; Guadeloupe, L'Herminier ; Tarapota, Peru, Spruce, 4760. — This
rivals Lechleri in size and texture, differing totally in venation.

213. A. (Dipl.) grandifolium, Sw. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., firm, erect, naked or

232 38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM.

scaly below, ebeneous ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 9-12 in. br., the point pinnatifid, with 12-20
pinnae on each side, the lower ones 2 in. or more apart, distinctly stalked, 4-6
in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., the point acuminate, the edge slightly toothed, and sometimes
broadly lobed below, the base equally rounded on both sides ; texture thinly
herbaceous ; colour deep-green ; rachis firm, erect, naked ; veins pinnated, pel-
lucid, about 5 at the edge to a group ; sori irregular, falling slightly short of
both midrib and edge.—///?:. Sp. 3. p. 241.

Hab. Cuba to Ecuador and Brazil, and we cannot distinguish a plant from theLadrones
gathered by Capt. Carmichael. — The sori are sometimes scarcely at all double, and then
this comes near A. oligophyllum.

214. A. (Dipl.) flavescens, Mett. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., firm, erect, brownish,
nearly naked ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 9-18 in. br., with a large terminal and 10-15 lateral
pinnce, the lower ones sessile or slightly stalked, 4-8 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., the
point acuminate, the edge subentire or slightly toothed, the base narrowed or
rounded equally on both sides ; texture papyraceous or subcoriaceous ; colour
bright-green ; rachis firm, erect, naked ; veinlets dark-green, 3-4 in a group ; sori
falling slightly short of both edge and margin. — A. juglandifolium, Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 242. Fil. 'Ex. t. 242 (not Lam.}.

Hab. Cuba southward to Peru. — A larger and usually more coriaceous plant than the
last, with a sub-arborescent caudex. A. Roemerianum, Kze., and A. crassidens, Fee, do
not seem clearly separable. A. nicotiancefolium, Mett., differs by having the rachis and
veins beneath coated with short ferruginous down.

215. A. (Dipl.) rhoifolium, Mett. ; st. firm, erect, 1 ft. 1., naked ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1.,
12-15 in. br., with a pinnatifid apex and 10-20 pinnce on each side, the lowest
on stalks ^ in. 1., the pinna 6-8 in. ]., f-1 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge
subentire, the base on both sides rounded ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both
sides naked ; veins 5-6 in a cluster, the sori reaching nearly to the edge ; invol.
narrow, thin. — Mett. Aspl. p. 178.

Hab. New Granada. — A . Triance, Mett. Fil. N. G. p. 233, is said to differ from this by
its opposite pinnae with a cordate base and toothed involucre. This has the texture of
A. celtidifolium, but the pinnae are more numerous and narrower, with the fruit prolonged
almost to the edge.

216. A. (Dipl.) celtidifolium, Kunze ; st. strong, erect, 1 ft. or more 1., brownish,
paleaceous below \fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 9-18 in. br., with a pinnatifid apex and numerous
pinnce on each side, the lower ones distinctly stalked, 6-9 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., the
point acuminate, the edge subentire or slightly toothed, sometimes with short
blunt lobes £ in. deep, the base rounded or cordate on both sides ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis firm, often slightly fibrillose ; veins pinnated, the same colour
as the frond, 4-6 in a group ; sori beginning at the midrib, but falling short of
the edge.—/?/?;. Sp. 3. p. 240.

Hab. Cuba and Columbia to Ecuador and Brazil.— D. crenulans, Fe"e, from Guade-
loupe, is probably a form. Our specimen has coriaceous pinnae bluntlylobed throughout
to a depth of \ in., and 8-10 veins in a group. The Javan and Philippine A. Lobbianum
(Hk. Sp. 3. p. 244 ; 2nd Cent. t. 17) agrees with this very nearly ; and a specimen from
Mettenius of A. neglectum, Karst., differs only by the pinnae being subcuneate at the
base.

217. A. (Dipl.) sylvaticum, Presl ; caud. decumbent ; st. 1 ft. 1., firm, erect,
brownish, naked, scaly at the base ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 4-8 in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
with numerous sprea'ding pinnoe, the largest 3-4 in. 1., ^-f in. br., the point
acuminated, the edge broadly lobed to a depth of |-1 lin., and the base narrowed
suddenly on both sides ; texture thin, herbaceous ; rachis firm, erect, naked ;
veins fine, pinnated in the lobes, 5-7 to a group ; sori in long slender lines reach-
ing nearly to the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 248. (in part} Beddome, t, 161.

38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM. 233

Hab. Mauritius, Fernando Po, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula, Java, Borneo,
Samoa. — Of forms included here differing slightly from the type, the Malayan A. Prescott-
ianum, Wall., has the pinnae rather more deeply lobed towards the base in the lower
part of the frond ; the Ceylonese A. elatum, Mett. (C. P. 1349), and a similar plant from
the Sandwich Islands and Borneo, have them lobed throughout to a depth of \ in., the
lobes subangular and toothed ; D. prolifcrum, Brack., from Tahiti, is said to have oblong-
lanceolate bluntly-serrated pinnae, auricled on the upper and truncate on the lower sicfe
at the base ; and we cannot separate clearly the American A. Ottonis and mutilum.

'** Pinnae more deeply lobed, generally from half to two-thirds of the way down to
the rachis in the lower part. Sp, 218-235.

238. A. (Dipl.) Wichurce, Mett. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping ; st. J-^ in.
apart, 6-12 in. 1., stramineous, slightly scaly at the base ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1.,
6-8 in. br., with numerous pinnae on each side, the lower ones stalked, 3-4 in. 1.,
-|-f in. br., the point acuminate, the edge toothed, sometimes lobed, auricled near
the base on the upper side, obliquely truncate on the lower side ; texture her-
baceous ; veins pinnate in the lobes ; sori not reaching the edge. — Mett. Fil. Ind. 2.
p. 237.

Hab. Japan. — Very near the next in size and cutting, but the rhizome decumbent
and elongated.

219. A. (Dipl.) arboreum, Willd. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, greyish,
scaly below ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., with numerous pinnae on each side,
the lower ones stalked, 3-4 in. 1., ^-f in. br., the point acute or acuminate, the
edge bluntly but not deeply lobed, except at the base on the upper side, where
there is either a distinct auricle or a lobe, which sometimes reaches down to
the rachis, the lower side narrower than the upper, and very obliquely trun-
cate at the base ; texture herbaceous ; veins pinnate in the lobes ; sori falling
considerably short of the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 246. D. auriculatum, Kaulf.

Hab. West Indies and Venezuela. — Willdenow named this under a wrong impression
as to the habit, which is not arboreous. It comes very near the next, but is less deeply
lobed and more distinctly auriculate.

220. A. (Dipl.) Shepherdi, Spreng. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1., firm, erect, greenish,
scaly below ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., with numerous pinnae on each side,
the lower ones stalked, 4-6 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., the point acuminate, the edge
lobed above, the lobes at the base sometimes reaching down to the rachis, j in. br.,
and somewhat toothed : texture herbaceous ; colour bright-green ; rachis rather
slender, greenish, naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes ; sori long, linear, not reach-
ing the edge. — A. striatum, Linn. Herb.,Hk. Sp. 3. p. 245. — /3, A. incequilaterum,
Mett. ; texture firm, colour duller ; pinnce much acuminated ; the lobes deeper,
more uniform and falcate, the two sides unequal, the lower one unequally trun-
cate at the base. A. Schiedei, Mett. — y, A. caracasanum, Willd. ; habit slender ;
texture herbaceous ; lobes deep, narrow, bluntly toothed ; sori in rows distant
from the midrib, touching the edge. D. chlororachis, Kze.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Peru and S. Brazil. — The application of the name striatum,
founded on two vague figures of Plumier, is so various, that it seems best to discontinue
it. D. coarctatum, Link, from Brazil, differs only from our typical plant by its less
deeply lobed pinnae, the upper ones being subentire, with some of the sori reaching from
the midrib nearly to the edge.

221. A. (Dipl.) semihastatum, Kze. ; st. 6-9 in. ]., slender, naked, greenish;
fr. 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., the apex pinnatitid, only the lower part pinnate ; most
of the pinnce simple, oblong, and auricled, the lowest stalked, and 1 in. below
the next, 2 in. 1., 1 in. br., the point blunt, the edge toothed and cut down nearly
or quite to the rachis into spathulate pinnl. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis slender,

2 G

234 38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM.

naked ; sori reaching from the midrib nearly to the edge. — A. cubense, HTc. Sp. 3.
p. 253. t. 207.

Hab. Cuba, Wright, 1032-3. — This comes nearest A. arooreum, but is smaller and
more delicate, with the lowest pinnules subdeltoid, and often reaching quite down to the
rachis below on both sides.

222. A. (Dipl.) longifolium, Don ; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, erect, scaly below ;
fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., the apex pinnatifid, below this 12-18 pairs of falcate
pinnce, the lower ones stalked, 2-3 in. 1., | in. br., the point acuminate, the edge
lobed, and the lobes sharply and finely serrated, the two sides unequal, the
upper distinctly auricled, and the lower obliquely truncate at the base ; texture
herbaceous ; veins fine, 6 or more in a group ; sori falling considerably short of
the edge.— A. lobulosum, Wall.,HTc. Sp. 3. p. 252.

Hab. Himalayas.

223. A. (DipL) Bractienridgii, Baker ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, greyish, naked ; fr.
12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., the apex pinnatifid, below this 6-9 pinnae on each side,
the lower ones 1-2 in. apart, and distinctly stalked, 4-5 in. ]., nearly 1 in. br., the
point acuminate, sharply serrated, the edge cut down one-third of the way to
the rachis into blunt incised lobes J in. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis firm,
grey, naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes ; sori in long lines reaching to the
edge. — D. bulbiferum, Brack, t. 18. D. extensum, J. Sm. (in part}.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 333, 388 ; Fiji, Seemann, 825, Milne, 69, 306.— This differs
from sylvaticum by its broader and distinctly stalked pinme of firm texture, which are
often proliferous from the axils.

224. A. (Dipl.) tomentosum, Hk. (not Mett.) ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, grey,
deciduously coated with fine short brown tomentum ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate, with numerous close-placed lanceolate pinnae, the lower pair
deflexed, those next in order horizontal, 2-3 in. 1., \ in. br., the point acute,
the edge cut down regularly throughout into oblong-falcate lobes \ in. br., which
reach one-half or two-thirds of the way down to the rachis, the base narrowed
suddenly ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis finely tomentose ; both surfaces naked
except the veins beneath ; veins 3-4 on each side in the lobes ; sori linear,
touching the edge but not the midrib.— Hk. tip. 3. p. 249.

Hab. Khasia and Malayan Peninsula and Isles. — In size and texture this corresponds
with porrectum. It is the original D. tomentosum of Blume, according to an authentic
specimen, but not the much more hairy A. tomentosum of Mettenius, which is our
A. lasiopteris.

225. A. (Dipl.), Sprucei, Baker ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., dark-brown, firm, erect,
nearly naked ;/r.9-15 in. l.,3 in. br., narrowly ovate-lanceolate, the apex pinnatifid,
below this 15-20 pairs of spreading pinnce 1-1^- in. 1., ^-f in. br., the point rather
blunt, the edge lobed in the lower part halfway down to the rachis, the lobes
2-3 lin. br., inciso-crenate, the base narrowed suddenly on both sides ; texture
papyraceo- herbaceous ; colour very dark-green ; rachis angular, channelled and
slightly winged ; veins distantly pinnate, only 2-3 simple veinlets on each side
in the lower lobes ; sori reaching from the midrib nearly to the edge.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson, Spruce, 5346.— A well-marked plant, which from
its colour and texture evidently grows in very damp places.

226. A. (Dipl.) japonicum, Thunb. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st. 6-12
in. ]., straw-coloured or brownish, slightly scaly towards the base ; fr. 9-15
in. 1., 4-6 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, with 8-10 rather distant pinnce below the
pinnatifid apex, the lower ones sessile, 3-4 in. 1., f-1 in. br., cut down in the lower
parts two-thirds of the way to the rachis into close oblong slightly- toothed lobes

38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM. 235

£ in. br. ; texture herbaceous, both surfaces bright-green, nearly naked ; rachis
slender, straw-coloured, nearly naked ; veins about 6 on each side in the lower
lobes, with sori on each reaching two-thirds of the way to the edge, the lowest
£ in. 1. ; invoL broad, brown, tumid. — A. Schkuhrii, Hk. tip. 3. p. 251. — /3, Oldhami;
jr. smaller, lanceolate, 4-G in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; rachis straw-coloured, polished, naked ;
pinnae \-\\ in. L, blunt ; lobes blunt, only 3 veins on a side in each. — y,coreanum-;
fr. the same size as in /3, but only the lower half pinnate, the rachis and stem
rather chaffy and villose.

Hab. Japan, China, Formosa, Himalayas. — The Samoan and Fijian D. congruum,
Brack, t. 18, comes very near to this. In a specimen from Mr. Powell, the substance is
very thin, the rachis naked, the lobes ^ in. deep, \ in. br., veinlets 5-6 on each side, most
of them again forked ; and a similar plant grows in the Sandwich Islands.

227. A. (Dipl.) Thwaitesii, A. Br. ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 6 in. 1., slender,
green, densely clothed with strong white woolly hairs ; fr. 1 ft. 1., 4 in. br., with
8-10 distant pinnce beneath the pinnatifid apex, the largest 2 in. 1., J- in. br., cut
down two-thirds of the way to the rachis in oblong crenulated lobes j in. deep,
2 lin. across ; rachis flaccid, villose like the stem ; texture herbaceous ; colour pale-
green, and both surfaces also villose ; veins 4 on each side in a lobe, simple ; sori
reaching halfway to the edge, the lowest about a line long. — Hk. Sp. 3. p+ 250.
2nd Cent. t. 45.

Hab. Ceylon. — Intermediate between the preceding and following,

228. A. (Dipl.) lasiopteris, Mett. ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm,
erect, dark-coloured, villose ;//*. 15-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., with 8-10 pinnce on each
side below the pinnatifid apex, the largest 3-4 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., the lower lobes
cut down nearly or quite to the rachis, f-| in. deep, f in. br., the point obtuse, the
edge distinctly crenate ; texture herbaceous, the dark-coloured rachis and dark-
green frond villose on both sides; veinlets 5-6 on each side, simple; lower sori
i in. 1. — Diplazium, Kunze, Linncea, vol. 17. p* 568. A. tomentosum, Mett. (non
fa.)-

Hab. Canton, Java, and the Neilgherries, well figured by Beddome, t. 160. — This is
the D. decussatum of English gardens ; but our original specimen from Wallich is .A. japo-
nicum. It comes near the two preceding, and the three are well marked by the character
of the rhizome.

229. A. (Dipl.) speciosum, Mett. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., firm, erect, straw-
coloured or brownish, nearly naked ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., with 10-20 pairs
of pinnce below the pinnatifid apex, the lower ones often stalked, 4-6 in. 1., 1-1 3-
in. br., the apex much acuminated, the edge lobed, the lobes reaching down two-
thirds of the way to the rachis or more, close, j in. br.., slightly toothed, the base
truncate or slightly cuneate ; texture herbaceous but firm ; rachis erect, naked ;
veins pinnate in the lobes ; sori slender, reaching nearly to the edge. — Diplazium,
JBlume. A. acuminatum, Wall., Mett. (non H. & A,}.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Philippines, Java, Hong-Kong. — This is nearest .4. sorzo-
gonense, but the lobes are broader and not so deep, more herbaceous in texture, and dis-
tinctly toothed. A plant from Fiji comes very near this, but the pinnae are fewer, thinner,
the lower ones distinctly stalked, and the lobes broader ; and one from Richmond River,
Australia, sent by Dr. Mueller, only differs by the lobes being rather broader and shallower.
A specimen of Blurne's plant from Miquei quite agrees with Wallich's examples of
acuminatum.

230. A. (Dipl.) Welwitschii, Hk. MSS. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., firm, erect, straw-
coloured, naked ; fr. 18 in. 1., 9 in. br., the lower pinnce 6-7 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br.,
the point acuminate, the edge slightly lobed above, cut down in the lower part
half or two- thirds of the way to the rachis ; the lobes not quite contiguous, § in. br.,
nearly entire, the base sessile, truncate ; texture herbaceous ; veins distantly pin-

236 38. ASPLENTUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM.

nate in the lobes, with the lower veinlets branched ; sori short, slender, distant
from both edge and midrib.

Hab. Angola, Welwitsch, 100.— This comes nearest the preceding in habit, but the
lobes are broader and the sori remarkably short.

231. A. (Dipl.) crenulatum, Baker ; caud. erect, subarborescent ; st. tufted,
12-18 in. 1., firm, erect, hardly at all scaly below, but slightly furfuraceous ; fr.
2-3 ft. 1., 9-15 in. br., with 15-20 pinnce on each side below the pinnatifid apex,
the largest 6-8 in. 1., 1-1 j in br., the point acuminate, the edge cut down in the
lower part half or two- thirds of the distance to the rachis ; lobes oblong, \ in. 1.,
4 lin. br., slightly toothed ; texture herbaceous ; rachis firm, nearly naked ; veins
6-8 on a side in each lobe ; lowest sori A in. 1. — D. crenulatum, Liebm. A. stria-
turn, Mett. Aspl. p. 186. and Griseb. (non Ilk.}. A. dubium, Hk. (in part}.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Brazil and Ecuador. — We take our description here from a
plant grown at Kew, with which Liebinan's specimens and the description of Mettenius
quite correspond. In the typical plant the pinnae are not more than pinnatifid, but in
Grisebach's striatum (3 and Liebman's D. amplum, the lower segments are distinctly
separated, 1^-2 in. 1., ^ in. br., and broadly inciso-crenate, and the lower sori 2 lin. 1.
The W. Indian D. grammitoides, Fe'e, resembles this in habit, but the involucre is thin
and very evanescent.

232. A. (Dipl.) Lindbergii, Mett. ; st. tufted, 1-1| ft. 1., dark reddish-brown,
firm, erect, scaly at the base ; fr. 18-24 in. 1., 9-12 in. br., the apex pinnatifid,
below this about 12 pinnce on each side, the lowest 6-8 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., the point
acuminate, the edge cut about halfway down into close subimbricated blunt inciso-
crenated lobes ^ in. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis reddish-brown, naked ; veins
copiously pinnated, veinlets 6-8 on each side ; sori slender, confined to the inner
half of the lobes, and not touching the midrib ; invol. very narrow and tender,
almost abortive. — Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 236.

Hab. Mexico to Brazil. — Not unlike the preceding in habit, but sori and involucre
peculiar.

233. A. (Dipl.) sorzogonense, Presl ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., densely fibrillose below ;
fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., with numerous pinnce on each side, the lower ones sessile,
4-6 in 1., 1 in. br., cut down regularly throughout two -thirds of the way down
to the rachis into spreading blunt subentire lobes about 2 lin. br. ; texture herba-
ceous ; rachis slightly fibrillose ; veinlets of the lobes simple, with sori in regular
rows reaching from the midrib to the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 252. Hypochlamy s, Fee.

Hab. Himalayas (to 8-10,000 ft.), Philippines, and Malaccas. — Nearest A. speciosum,
but the lobes narrower and deeper, with parallel edges and a space between them. A
plant from Borneo has a very fibrillose rachis, and the lobes of the lower pinnse quite
distinct, 1^ in. L, £ in. br.

234. A. (Dipl.) costale, Swartz ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., tufted, stout, erect ; fr.
ample, the apex pinnatifid, with oblong entire lobes, the lower part copiously
pinnate, with pinnce often 1 ft. 1., 3 in. br., cut down half or two-thirds of the
way down to the rachis into blunt slightly inciso-serrated lobes §-^ in. br. ;
texture subcoriaceous ; veinlets of the lobes usually once forked, wkh broad copious
sori which fall considerably short of the edge. — /3, A. Desvauxii, Mett. ; lobes of
the pinnse acute, sometimes reaching down nearly to the rachis, 2 in. 1., 1 in. br.
—Hk. Sp. 3. p. 254.

Hab. West Indies southward to Peru. — This differs from all the preceding by its very
large pinna? and lobes. The extremes of the two forms look very different, but are
connected by intermediate stages. D. apollinaris and Tussaci, Fe'e, are allied.

235. A. (Dipl.) Franconis, Mett. ; st. 1 ft. 1., firm, tufted, erect, greyish, scaly
below ; fr. 1-2 ft. L, 9-15 in. br., with numerous pinnce on each side, the lower

38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM. 237

ones 6-8 in. 1., much acuminated at the apex, cut down in the lower half into distinct
pinnl. 1^-2 in. 1., \ in. br., lanceolate, unequal-sided, falcate, the edge cut halfway
down below into oblong sharply- toothed lobes, the lower side obliquely truncate ;
texture herbaceous but firm ; colour bright-green ; rachis naked ; lateral veins of
the pinnl. pinnate in the lower lobes ; sori in parallel rows in the pinnl., not
reaching the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 261.

Hab. Mexico, Guatemala, and Ecuador. — The West Indian plant is larger (2-3 ft. 1.)
and more compound, with lower pinnse 6-9 in. 1., 4-5 in. br., with numerous distinct
stalked sub-distant lanceolate pinnl., cut down below into crenated oblong lobes nearly
to the rachis.

**** Fronds copiously Upinnate. Sp. 236-259.

236. A. (Dipl.) deltoideum, Presl ; St. 6 in. 1., slender, erect, ebeneous below,
naked ; jr. 1 ft. 1., 9 in. br., deltoid, with a few distant pinnce on each side, the
lowest ovate-deltoid, 5 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., cut down in the lower half into distinct
stalked pinnl. 1-1^ in. 1., ^ in. br., which are bluntly lobed below two-thirds of
the way 'down ; texture herbaceous ; rachises naked, those of the pinnse ebeneous ;
veins pinnate in the lower lobes ; sori reaching the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 256.

Hab. Luzon, Cuming, 29. — Caudex unknown.

237. A. (Dipl.) virescens, Mett. ; rhizome creeping ; scales blackish, lanceolate-
subulate ; ft. 6 in. 1., straw-coloured ; fr. 1 ft. 1., deltoid, bipinnate below the
middle ; lower pinnce 8 in. 1., 3 in. br., pinnate below the centre ; pinnl. 1\ in. 1.,
£ in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge crenato-lobate, the base narrowed
suddenly ; rachis slender ; texture thin ; colour pale-green ; veins pinnate in the
lower lobes, with 1-3 veinlets on each side ; sori oblong, small, nearer to the
midrib than the edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 261.

Hab. Japan, Goring, Buerger.

238. A. (Dipl.) squamigerum, Mett. ; st. 6 in. or more 1., straw-coloured,
slender, with small scattered nearly black lanceolate scales throughout ; fr.
12-15 in. L, by nearly as broad, deltoid ; lower pinnce 6-9 in. 1., 2-2J in. br.,
pinnate except at the apex ; pinnl. 1^ in. 1., J in. br., the point blunt, the edge
broadly lobed, the lower lobes £ in. br., entire ; texture herbaceous ; rachis
slender, stramineous, chaffy below ; veins subflabellate, the lower veinlets of the
lobes with one or two lateral curved forks on each side ; sori linear, curved,
falling far short of the edge, the lowest 2 lin. 1. — Mett. Fil. 2nd. 2. p. 239.

Hab. Japan, Oldham, Siebold, Robinson.

239. A. (Dipl.) chinense. Baker ; st. 1 ft. 1., slender, greyish, nearly naked ;
fr. 12-15 in. L, nearly as br., deltoid, bipinnate except at the very apex ; lower
pinnw long-stalked, 3-5 in. 1., 2-2^ in. br., with numerous close lanceolate pinnl.
on each side, the lower ones 1-1^ in. •!., ^-| in. br., the point acute, the edge cut
down to a winged rachis below into deeply-toothed oblong segm. 4 lin. 1.,
2 lin. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis slender, naked, substramineous ; veins
pinnate, 4-5 lateral simple veinlets on each side in the lower segm. ; sori linear,
not reaching the edge.

Hab. Shanghai, China, Dr. Maingay, 475.

240. A. (Dipl.) nervosum, Mett. ; fr. ample, bipinnate ; lower pinnce stalked,
12-18 in. L, 6 in. br., lanceolate-acuminate; pinnl. close, patent, 3-4 in. 1.,
£-f in. br., lanceolate-oblong, obtuse or acuminate, only toothed, the base
truncate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises densely scaly, the scales of the main
one \ in. 1., Ungulate-acuminate, the edge subciliated ; lower surface clothed
with dense adpressed hairs; veinlets forked in the upper, subpinnate in the

238 38. ASPLENICJM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM.

lower lobes ; sori reaching from midrib more than halfway to the edge.— Mett.
Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 235.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig, 293, 1015. — Distinguished by its vestiture and large
scarcely-toothed pinnules.

241. A. (Dipl.) venulosum, Baker ; caud. erect, subarborescent ; st. tufted,
strong, 4 ft. 1., the base clothed with linear dark-brown scales nearly 1 in. 1. ;
fr. 4-5 ft. L, 2-3 ft. br.,.with about 20 pairs of pinnae, the lowest 12-18 in. 1.,
4-6 in. br. ; lower pinnl. 3 in. 1., £ in. br., with their own breadth between them,
the edge only slightly inciso-serrate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both
sides naked ; veins very distinct, the upper ones of the pinnl. forked, the lower
ones subpinnate ; sori reaching from the midrib nearly to the edge.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Spruce, 5343. — This agrees with the preceding in its large
subentire pinnules, differing in vestiture.

242. A. (Dipl.) cyathecefolium, Bory ; caud. erect, subarborescent ; st. firm,
erect, dark-brown, nearly naked ; fr. 18-24 in. 1, 12-18 in. br. ; lower pinnce
9 in. 1., 3 in. br., cut down to the rachis in the lower two-thirds into numerous
pinnl. on each side, the lower ones l\ in. 1., £ in. br., the upper ones inciso-
crenate, the lower ones cut down one-third of the distance to the rachis into
oblong, falcate, sharply-toothed lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachis dark-brown,
naked, like the stem ; veins pinnate, with 3-4 veinlets on each side in the lower
lobes ; sori falling considerably short of the edge. — D. caudatum, J. Sm. fide
Mettenius.

Hab. Luzon, Cuming, 158, and, according to Mettenius, a plant also of Ualan and
New Guinea. — A somewhat doubtful species, of which our description is taken from
Curning's specimens.

243. A. (Dipl.) Meyenianum, Mett. ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid ; lower pinnce
lanceolate-oblong, 15 in. 1., 9 in. br. ; lower pinnl. 4^ in. L, ]£ in. br., stalked,
oblong-acuminate, cut down below into crenate oblong-obtuse segm., £ in. 1.,
% in. or., the lower ones subcordate at the base, the upper ones decurrent with a
narrow wing ; texture herbaceous, under surface glossy ; veins 4-5 on each side,
the lower one branched ; sori copious, reaching from 'the midrib nearly to the
edge.— Mett. Aspl. p. 189.

^ Hab. Manila, Meyen. — Our single specimen of this is very imperfect, and our descrip-
tion is taken in part from Mettenius. The alliance of both this and the preceding is
with polypodioides.

244. A. (Dipl.) polypodioides, Mett. ; caud. erect, subarborescent, densely
clothed at the crown with long brown fibrillose scales 1 in. 1. ; st. densely
tufted, stout, green, 1 ft. or more 1., rather densely muricated, not scaly, but
slightly furfuraceous ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 1^-2 ft. br., with 8-9 pinnce on each side
below the simple ones at the apex, the lower ones 4-5 in. apart, 9-12 in. 1.,
6 in. br. ; pinnl. numerous, spreading, 2-3 in. L, ^-f in. br., cut down nearly to
the rachis into linear-oblong slightly-toothed lobes ; texture herbaceous ; both
surfaces naked ; colour bright-green ; 'rachis green, stout, nearly naked ; veinlets
about 6 on each side in the lobes ; sori falling distinctly short of the edge.— •
H*.fy.3.p.287.

Hab. Himalayas (up to 8,000 ft.), Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula and Isles. — Our descrip-
tion is taken from the plant in cultivation at Kew, no doubt identical with the common
Indian and Malayan species thus named, which is A. frondosum, Wall. An authentic
example of D. asperum, Blume, is rather more coriaceous in texture, with lower pinnae
15 in. 1. ; even the secondary rachises asperous ; the lobes 1 in. 1., with 8-10 veinlets on
each side. D. ebenum, J. Sm., from the Philippines (Cuming, 159), has a slender naked
ebeneous rachis and erecto-patent lobes, with only 4 distant veiulets in each ; and we

38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM. 239

have closely allied plants from Queensland, Fiji, and the Seychelles, which need further
investigation.

245. A. (Dipl.) Griffithii, Baker; st. 1 ft. L, naked, firm, erect ; fr. 12-18 in.
1., nearly as broad ; lower pinnae 9-12 in. L, 6 in. br., on stalks 1 in. 1. ; pinnl.
numerous, the longest 3 in. 1., £ in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis below ;
lobes erecto-patent, f in. deep, ^ in. br., deeply toothed, not contiguous ; rachis
smooth, flexuose, substramineous ; texture subcoriaceous, both surfaces naked ;
veins about 6 on a side in each lobe, with an oblong sorus on each, which is
less than 1 lin. L, touches the costa and scarcely reaches halfway to the edge.
— Diplazium, Moore 2nd. Fil. p. 330.

Hab. Assam, Griffith. — This differs from the preceding mainly in the sori, and conies
near A. woodwardioides.

246. A. (Dipl.) maximum, Don ; caud. erect ; st. 2 ft. or more 1., firm, erect,
scaly only at tiie base ; fr. several ft. 1., 2-3 ft. br., with numerous pinnce on
each side, the lowest 9-18 in. L, 4-8 in. br., with numerous distinct subsessile
pinnl. 2-4 in. 1., £ in. br., the edge more or less lobed, sometimes halfway
down ; texture herbaceous ; rachises and both sides nearly naked ; veins pinnate
in the lobes, 4-6 on a side ; sori medial, the lowest 2 lin. 1. — A. diversifolium,
Wall., J. Sm. D. decurrens, Beddome, t. 220.

Hab. N. India to Ceylon. — A common Indian plant, like A. sylvaticum in texture, a
single lower pinna of this resembling a whole frond of that. We cannot hi any way dis-
tinguish the New Caledonian A. sororium, Mett., of which the trunk is not known, from
the less deeply lobed form of this, and have what appears to be the same from the Society
Islands.

247. A. (Dipl.) melanochlamj/s, Hk. ; st. strong, erect, 2 ft. or more 1.,
smooth ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 2 ft. br., with numerous pinnce on each side, the lower
ones 9-12 in. 1., 4-6 in br., with numerous distinct sessile pinnl. 2-3 in. L,

1 in. br., cut down within a short distance of the rachis throughout into inciso-
crenate linear-oblong segm., J in. br. ; texture herbaceous but firm ; colour
bright-green ; veins 4-5 on a side in the lobes; lower sori 1^-2 lin. 1. ; invol.
narrow, glossy, quite black. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 260.

Hab. Lord Howe's Island, S. Pacific, Macgillivray, 702, Milne, 36. — Trunk
unknown.

248. A. (Dipl.) vestitum, Presl ; st. stout, erect, brownish, tomentose
throughout ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 9-18 in. br., with numerous pinnce on each side, the
lower ones 9 in. 1., 4 in. br., with numerous distinct subsessile pinnl., which are

2 in. 1., 1 in. br., blunt at the point, and bluntly-lobed to a depth of |-J in., the
base narrowed suddenly or even cordate ; texture thinly herbaceous ; rachis
chaffy like the stem ; veins pinnate in the lobes ; veinlets 4-5 on each side ;
lower sori of the lobes 3-4 lin. L, not reaching the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 260.
2nd Cent. t. 46.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 336. — Trunk unknown. For the rest this resembles
A . maximum, differing by its tomentose rachises.

249. A. (Dipl.) latifolium, Don ; caud. erect, subarborescent ; st. tufted,
strong, erect, 1 ft. or more L, livid, smooth, clothed towards the base with
linear-crisped dark-brown scales; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., subdeltoid, with
about 12 pinnce on each side, the largest 1 ft. L, 4 in. br. ; pinnl. numerous,
the largest 2 in. 1., f in. br. at the base, the point acuminate, the edge slightly
toothed, the base abruptly truncate on both sides ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
naked, livid ; veins about 6 in a group ; sori linear, the lowest often 2 lin. 1. —
A. dilatatum, Hk. Sp. 3. p. 258 (in part}.

240 38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM.

Hab. Ceylon, Neilgherries, S. China, Philippines. — Here again we fall back upon
the living collection at Kew for a description. Our plant is the D. diversifolium of
J. Smith, but scarcely of Wallich. Blume's original specimen of dilatatum, and a plant
sent by Miquel as A. latifolium, Don, are like this in texture, but the pinnules are 1^ in.
apsirt, the lower ones distinctly stalked, 3 in. 1., and bluntly lobed to a depth of g in.
below ; and we have similar examples from China, Java, and Moulmein.

250. A. (Dipl.) nigro-paleaceum, Baker ; caudex decumbent ; st. not tufted, sub-
erect, -^ in. thick, 12-18 in. J., greenish, deeply channelled in. front, thickly clothed
with lanceolate nearly black scales ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., nearly as br. ; lower pinnae
12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., with numerous spreading pinnl. 3-4 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut
down half or two-thirds to the rachis into inciso-crenate linear-oblong lobes, |- in.
br.; texture thick, subcoriaceous ; colour bright-green ; rachis thick, naked, slightly
zigzag, with a winged line on each side in front, the lower lobes imbricated over
it ; veins 6-8 on each side, the lower ones forked; lower sori J in. 1. — Diplazium,
Kunze, Linn. 24, 270. D. Loddigesii, J. Sm.

Hab. St. Helena. — Our description is drawn up from the copious living specimens at
Kew. Perhaps not distinct from D. arborescens, but a much stronger and more coriaceous
plant, with a densely scaly stem.

251. A. (Dipl.) arborescens, Mett. ; caud. oblique ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong,
erect, smooth, nearly naked ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 2-3 ft. br., with numerous pinnce,
the lower ones 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnl. 3 in. 1., f-f in. br., the point
acuminate, the edge cut down two-thirds of the way to the rachis into nearly
entire lobes j in. deep, ^ in. br. ; rachis polished, stramineous ; texture herba-
ceous ; veinlets 6-8 on each side, mostly simple ; lower sori ± in. 1. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 256 (in part}.

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, Polynesian Islands. — D. comorensis, Bojer, from Johanna
Island, has broader lobes, not cut more than halfway down to the rachis, 4-5 simple
veinlets on each side, and lower sori % in. 1. There are two totally different modes of
growth amongst these large compound species, and there is much to be done in studying
the living plants before we can understand them clearly.

252. A. (Dipl.) melanocaulon, Baker ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., firm, erect, naked,
ebeneous ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 9-18 in. br., with numerous pinnce, the lower ones 6-12
in. 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, 2-3 in. 1., f in. br., cut down two-thirds of
the way to the rachis into linear-oblong falcate inciso-crenate lobes, J-§ in. deep ;
texture subcoriaceous; rachises slender, ebeneous like the stem ; veins pinnate in
the lobes, 4-5 on each side ; sori short, oblong, not touching either midrib or edge.
— Diplazium, Brack, p. 144.

Hab. Fiji and Aneiteum. — Apparently this agrees with arborescens in mode of growth.
It differs by its more coriaceous texture, distant veins, ebeneous rachis, and short sori.

253. A. (Dipl.) Arnottii, Baker ; st. smooth, angular, brownish ; fr. ample;
lower pinnce 9-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnl. 3-4 in. 1., 1 in. or more br. ; cut down
below to a distinctly winged rachis into deeply crenate, blunt, oblong lobes
% in. deep, |- in. br., with a space between them ; texture herbaceous ; rachis
slender, naked ; veinlets 5-6 on a side, nearly all branched, the lower ones
subpinnate ; sori copious, nearly all diplazioid and filling up when mature
nearly the whole surface of the lobes. — Diplazium, Brack, p. 144. A. dipla-
zioides, Hk. Sf Am.

Hab. Sandwich Islands, frequent. — Caudex probably of A. arborescens.

254. A. (Dipl.) pulicosum, Hk. ; st. firm, erect, naked, straw-coloured;//*.
1^ 2 ft. L, 1 ft. br., with numerous pinnce on each side, the lower ones 6-8 in. 1.,
4 in. br. ; lowest pinnl. 2 in. 1., f in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into
spreading, crenated linear-oblong lobes 2 lin. br. ; texture coriaceous ; colour

38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§ DIPLAZIUM. 241

pale-green ; rachis firm, naked ; veins 5 on each side in the lobes ; sori in
regular parallel rows not reaching more than -half way from the midrib to the
edge ; invol. rigid, nearly black. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 262.

Hab. Ecuador, Jameson. — Caudex unknown.

255. A. (Dipl.) Klotzschii, Mett. ; caud. erect, subarborescent ; at. 1-2 ft. 1.,
strong, erect, dark-brown, and scaly below; fr. 3-5 ft. 1., 9-18 in. br. ;
lower pinnce 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; lower pinnl. 2-3 in. 1., f in. br., cut down
nearly to the rachis into blunt spreading slightly-toothed linear-oblong lobes
2 lin. br. ; texture herbaceous ; colour deep-green ; rachis firm, naked ; veins
distant, pinnate, 4-6 on each side in the lobes ; sori linear-oblong, falling short of
the edge ; invol. tumid, brown, fimbriated. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 263. Lotzea dipla-
zioides, Klotzsch.

Hab. Columbia and Venezuela.

256. A. (Dipl.) flexuosum, Presl ; st. firm, naked, brownish ; fr. ample ; pinnce
with a very flexuose zigzag rachis and pinnl. deflexed and then curved
upwards ; lower pinnce 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br. ; pinnl. stalked, 3-5 in. 1., 1-2 in.
br., the apex serrated only, the upper part lobed, the lower cut down nearly or
quite to the rachis into blunt subentire oblong lobes f in. br. ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; veinlets of the lobes forked, 7-8 on a side ; sori long, linear, in
regular rows not reaching the edge. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 263.

Hab. Peru. — Caudex unknown.

257- A. (Dipl.) vastum, Mett. ; fr. ample, bipinnatifid ; lower pinnce 2 ft. 1.,
7 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; pinnl. close, patent, 3^ in. 1., 1 in. br.,
oblong-acuminate, cut down nearly or below quite to the rachis into toothed
linear-oblong lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis stramineous, slightly downy
upwards ; both sides quite naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 6-8 mostly
simple veinlets on a side ; sori reaching from the midrib to the base of the
teetfa.~Jft#. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 237.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig, 349.— Trunk unknown.

258. A. (Dipl.) hians, Kunze ; caud. erect ; st. 12-18 in. 1., tufted, slightly
scaly ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 2-3 ft. br. ; lower pinnce I ft. or more 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnl.
numerous, lanceolate, 2-3 in. 1., |-| in. br., with blunt subentire lobes l|-2 lin.
br., reaching nearly down to the rachis ; texture herbaceous ; colour dark-green ;
rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets 3-4 on each side ; sori short, oblong, only
the lower ones double ; invol. tumid. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 233.

Hab. West Indies to Ecuador. — Grisebach unites this with A. umbrosum, J. Sin. It
differs from the next by its narrower pinnee and lobes, much shorter sori, and tumid
involucre.

259. A. (Dipl.) radicans, Schk. ; caud. erect, subarborescent; st. 1-2 ft. 1.,
tufted, strong, erect, scaly below ; fr. 3-5 ft. 1., 2-3 ft. br. ; lower pinnce 12-18 in.
1., 6-8 in. br. ; pinnl. numerous, lanceolate, sessile, the upper ones entire, lower
ones 3-4 in. 1., f-1 in. br., with broad blunt lobes J in. br., reaching | or f of the
way down to the rachis ; texture herbaceous ; rachis naked or slightly pubescent ;
veins 4-6 on each side in a lobe ; lower sori sometimes £ in. 1. — A. dubium, Mett.
Hk. Sp. 3. p. 261 (in part}. /S, A. expansum, Presl; rachis pubescent; pinnce
and lobes narrower; sori shorter. — Diplazium, Willd. D. umbrosum, Willd.
D. Haenkeanum, Presl.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Columbia to Brazil and Peru. — The univer-
sally-distributed S. American large-growing tripinnatifid species. D. ambigmim, Raddi, is
probably essentially the same, but the figure represents the pinnae as only slightly lobed,
with which Brazilian and Peruvian examples from Sellow and Spruce coincide,

2 H

242 38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§§ ANISOGONIUM.

Fronds fully tripinnate. Sp. 260-263.

260. A. (Dipl.) gracilescens, Mett. ; st. straw-coloured, slender, but firm,
naked, polished ; Jr. 3-4 ft. 1., 2-3 ft. br., tripinnate ; lower pinnae, 12-18 in. 1.,
6 in. br. ; lanceolate-acuminate ; pinnl. close, short-stalked, 2-3 in. 1., nearly
1 in. br., lanceolate-acuminate, with oblong unequal-sided pinnatifid segm. ;
texture herbaceous ; rack-is stramineous and both sides naked ; two veinlets in
the upper, four in the lower lobes ; sori only one in each, except the lowest,

1 lin.'l. ; invol. membranous. — Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 237. Diplazium,
Moore.

Hab. Venezuela, Schlim, 69.

261. A. (Dipl.) Sandwichianum, Mett. ; st. 2 ft. 1., firm, dark-brown, tomentose,
furnished at the base with ovate-lanceolate scales, dark-brown in the centre, and
a broad margin suddenly scariose ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., l|-2 ft. br. ; lower pinna 9-15
in. 1., 6 in. br., with numerous spreading pinnl. 3 in. 1., 1 in. br., with distinct
oblong segm. | in. ]., ^ in. br., the lower ones cut down nearly to the rachis
into blunt lobes ; texture herbaceous ; colour dark-green ; rachises brown and very
tomentose, those of the pinnules distinctly winged ; veins distant, pinnate ; sori
copious, in regular rows not reaching the edge.— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 225. Athyrium,
Presl. A. alienum, Mett. p. 169. A. fuscopubescens, Hk. Sp. 3.p. 264.

Hab. Sandwich Islands ; Peru, Lechler, Spruce, 4759, 5416a.— Spruce's specimens quite
agree with those from Mr. Lambert, mentioned in " Species Filicum."

262. A. (Dipl.) Wilsoni, Baker ; st. slender, brownish, naked ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1,,

2 ft. br. ; lower pinnce 10-12 in. 1., 2-2| in. br., with numerous imbricated pinnl.
lf-l| in. 1., f in. br., the point blunt, cut down to the rachis, except at the apex,
into oblong-rhomboidal lobes, the lower ones % in. 1., 1 1 2 lin. br., broadly but not
deeply lobed ; texture herbaceous ; both surfaces and rachis quite naked ; colour^
deep-green ; veins four on a side in the lower lobes, the lower ones forked ; sori
linear, 1 lin. 1., rarely diplazioid ; invol. tumid.

Hab. Jamaica, Wilson, 929 ; March, 206, 377.— In habit and cutting this resembles
the preceding closely.

263. A. (Dipl.) divisissimwn, Baker; st. 1-2 ft. 1., firm, angular, polished,
reddish-brown, shaggy below, with nearly black dense nbrillse ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 2 ft.
br., with numerous pinnce. on each side, the lower ones 3-4 in. apart, 1 ft. 1., 6 in.
br., with very numerous close-placed lanceolate pinnl. 3 in. 1., f in. br., cut down
into very numerous oblong segm. § in. 1., 2 lin. br., which are again cut down to
the rachis into obovate ult. divisions 1 lin. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis
dark-coloured, naked ; colour dark-green ; two veinlets on each side in the lower
ult. divisions; sori linear, sometimes 1 lin. 1., only the lowest occasionally
diplazioid.

Hab. Foot of M. Chimborazo, Spruce, 5695. — This comes nearest to the two preceding,
but is much more compound. We have an incomplete specimen of a very similar plant
from Celebes.

§§§§§§ Anisogonium, Presl. Sori as in Diplazium, but veins anastomosing.
Sp. 264-276. Callipteris, Bory. Fig. 38, g.

* Fronds simple or simply pinnate. Sp. 264-273.

264. A, (Aniso.) ternatum, Hk. ; st. slender, 3-6 in. 1. ; fr. ternate, with an
oblong-lanceolate terminal pinna 3-4 in. 1., 1^ in. br., the point acuminate, the
edge serrated, the base narrowed gradually, and a pair of similar smaller lateral

38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§§ ANISOGONIUM. 243

ones ; texture coriaceous ; veins in pinnate groups, the outer upper vein of the
group joining the others before they reach the edge, but the separate groups free
from one another. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 265.

Hab. Mexico, Liebmann.

265. A. (Aniso.) Kunzei, Mett. ; st. 6-15 in. 1., firm, erect, furfuraceous ; fr.
varying in shape from spathulato-elliptical, 9 in. 1., 2 in. br., slightly lobed
below, to 18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., the upper half deeply pinnatifid, with deltoid or
lanceolate-acuminate lobes, the lower half with distant oblong-acuminate entire
pinnce 3-4 in. 1., If -2 in. br. ; texture coriaceous ; veins in pinnated groups which
unite very near the midrib, with slender lines of sori on each extending to the edge.
— Hk. Sp. 3. p. 266.

Hab. Ecuador and Peru.

266. A. (Aniso.) cordifolium, Mett. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, scaly below ; fr.
8-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., entire, cordate at the base, the point acuminate ; texture
coriaceous ; veins in close groups of about four, anastomosing copiously in the
outer half of the pagina ; sori reaching from the midrib to the edge. — /3, D.
integrifolium, Blume ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., subdeltoid, with a large terminal and
one or two pairs of smaller but similar spreading lateral pinnce. — Hk. (Sp. 3.
p. 267. Ic. t. 936.

Hab. Philippines and Malayan Peninsula and Isles.

267. A. (Aniso.) alismcefolium, Hk. ; st. 2-6 in. 1., firm, erect, scaly throughout ;
fr. varying in shape from simple, oblong-lanceolate, 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., the
edges entire, the apex acuminate, to ternate or pinnate, with a large terminal
and three pairs of lateral pinnce 9 each like the entire frond of the simple
state ; texture coriaceous ; veins about three to a group in the inner half, but
anastomosing copiously with hexagonal areolse towards the edge. — Hk. tip. 3.
p. 267.

Hab. Luzon, Cuming, 116.

268. A. (Aniso.) lineolatuin^ Mett. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, grey, scaly below ;
fr. occasionally simple, usually with a terminal pinna and 3-6 pairs of lateral

ones, which are 6-12 in 1., 2 in. or more br., entire, often suddenly acuminate ;
texture coriaceous ; rachis naked ; veins 4-8 to a cluster, uniting slightly
towards the edge. — Diplazium, El. A. elegans, Mett. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 268. Ic.
PL t. 939.

Hab. Philippines and Malayan Peninsula and Islands.

269. A. (Aniso.) heteroplilebium, Mett. MSS. ; st. 1 ft. 1., grey, scaly
throughout ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 8-9 in. br., with 6-8 opposite pairs of pinnce below
the pinnatifid apex ; the lowest 2 in. or more apart, 3-4 in. 1., 1-lJ in. br., the
edge undulated, the point acute, the base cordate on both sides ; texture thinly
herbaceous ; colour dark-green ; rachis villose and fibrillose throughout ; both
surfaces naked ; veins pinnate, the groups joining one-third of the way from the
midrib to the edge, and the veins of the same and different groups anastomosing ;
sori not reaching the edge, copiously diplazioid.'

Hab. Mishmee and Assam, Griffith.

270. A. (Aniso.) decussatum, Sw. ; st. 1-2 ft. L, strong, erect, often muricated ;
fr. 2-4 ft. 1., with numerous pinnce on each side, which are 6-12 in. L, 1-2 in. br.,

often proliferous in the axils, the edge nearly entire or slightly lobed ; texture
herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; veins in copiously pinnated groups, with a
distinct barren vein in the centre, uniting one-third of the distance from the

244 38. ASPLENIUM, §§§§§§ ANISOGONIUM.

midrib to the edge, but only those of different groups joining one another ; sori
reaching nearly to the edge and copiously double. — /3, D. robusta, Fee ; pinnae
12-18 in. 1., deeply lobed in the upper part, in the lower cut down to the rachis
into distinct pinnl. 2 in. 1., | in. br. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 270.

Hab. Polynesian and Malayan Islands, and sent lately by Dr. Ferd. Mueller from
Queensland ; Mascaren Isles, Angola, and Guinea Coast. — The Assam station given in
" Species Filicum " is a mistake.

271. A. (Aniso.) Chimborazense, Spruce, MSS. ; st. 3 ft. L, § in. thick at the
base, brown, angular, densely clothed below with large linear-lanceolate brown
scales ; fr. 6 ft. 1., the apex pinnatifid, with lanceolate lobes towards the base of
the pinnatifid portion 4-6 in. L, below this about 16 pairs of pinnae, the
lowest 15 in. 1., 2^ in. br., the point suddenly acuminate, the edge slightly
undulated, the base narrowed suddenly on both sides ; texture thin but sub-
coriaceous ; rachis strong, naked, brown ; veins in groups of about six, not
Uniting till beyond half the way from the midrib to the rachis, the veins of the
same and separate clusters anastomosing copiously beyond this ; sori in slender
lines reaching two-thirds of the way to the edge.

Hab. Foot of Chimborazo (alt. 3-4,000 ft.), Spruce, 5703.

272. A. (Aniso.) rivale, Spruce, MSS. ; st. 18 in. L, strong, erect, brownish,
scaly towards the base ; fr. 4-5 ft. 1., the apex pinnatifid ; below this about
15 pairs of pinnce, the largest 8-9 in. 1., 2 in. br., the point acuminate, the edge
slightly repand, the base subcuneate on both sides ; texture papyraceous, only
the veins beneath slightly hairy ; veins pinnate, with a distinct barren vein in
the centre of each group and 6-8 lateral veinlets, all of which except the upper
one or two unite with those of the next group, beginning to do so within ^ in. of
the costa ; sori linear, medial, rarely double.

Hab. Foot of Chimborazo (alt. 3-4,000 ft.), Spruce, 5700.

273. A. (Aniso.) stenocarpum, Mett. ; fr. 5-8 ft. ]., 1^ ft. br. ; pinnce
numerous, close, the lower ones short-stalked, 9-10 in. 1., 2 in. br., the point
acuminate, sharply toothed, the edge broadly lobed to a depth of 1-3 lin., the
base truncate ; texture herbaceous ; only the rachis a,nd veins beneath slightly
hairy ; main veins 3-4 lin. apart ; veinlets 6-8 on a side, the lower ones ceasing
before they reach the edge, free or uniting with those of the next group, the
upper ones free ; sori reaching from the main vein more than halfway along the
veinlets. — Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 232.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig and Triana. — The imperfectly -known A . chocoense, Triana,
resembles this, but the under surface is clothed, especially on the veins, with ferruginous
hairs, and the lower three or four veinlets of each group unite with those of the ad-
joining one.

** Fronds bipinnate. Sp. 274-276.

strong,
usually

Or more br., the point acuminate, the edge more or less deeply lobed, the base
narrowed suddenly, often auricled ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis often
pubescent ; ^ veins fine, copiously pinnated, 6-10 on each side in each lobe,
with a distinct barren central midrib, the veinlets of the different clusters
beginning to unite a short distance from the midrib, with lines of sori often on
all the lateral veinlets. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 268. Digrammaria, Presl.

Hab. Himalayas to Ceylon, Hong-Kong, Formosa, Malayan Peninsula and Isles.—
I), serampurense, Spreng., is a pubescent simply pinnate form.

38* ASPLENIUM, §§§§§§§ HEMIDICTYUM. 245

275. A. (Aniso.) Smithianum, Baker; caudex oblique, decumbent; st. thick,
1 ft. 1., slightly scaly below, furfuraceous throughout, and rather densely
muricated ; fr. 18-24 in. 1., by nearly as broad, with 4-5 pinnate pinnce and
4-5 that are only pinnatifid below the point on each side, the lowest 3 in. apart,
about 9 in. 1., 4 in. br. ; pinnl. sessile, 2-3 in. 1., f-f in. br., the edge subentire^
the point slightly toothed, acuminated, the base rounded on both sides ; texture
subcoriaceous ; both surfaces and rachis naked, the latter muricated in the lower
part ;. veins in groups of 2-3 on a side, the groups usually joining halfway across
to the edge ; sori often J in. 1.— A. dilatatum, J. /Sin. (non Blume).

Hab. Ceylon, Gardner, 1351. — Our description here is taken from the living cultivated
plant. It differs from latifolium by its oblique caudex and anastomosing venation and
asperous stipe.

276. A. (Aniso.) vitiense, Baker ; fr. ample ; lower pinnce 1 ft. 1., 6 in. br.,
with numerous close distinctly-stalked lanceolate pinnl. on each side, which are
2-3 in. 1., | in. br., narrowed gradually from the truncate base to an acuminate
point, and bluntly lobed about one-third of the way down to the midrib ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis finely pubescent, both sides nearly naked ; veins pinnate
in the lobes with 6-9 veinlets on a side, the lowest of contiguous groups
joining midway between the midrib and sinus ; sori copious, medial ; invol.
membranous.

Hab. Fiji, Daernel; communicated by Prof. Reichenbach. — This bears the same rela-
tion to A. decurrens that the preceding does to A. latifolium.

§§§§§§§ Hemidictyum, Presl. Veins anastomosing towards the margin. Sori
single. Fig. 38, h. Sp. 277-280.

277- A. (Hemi.) Ceterach, L. ; st. densely tufted, 1-3 in. 1., wiry, ebeneous,
chaffy ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. or less br., cut down nearly or quite to the rachis
into alternate, blunt subentire broadly-oblong or roundish lobes, §-| in. 1.,
J-f in. br., with a rounded sinus between them ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper
surface naked ; lower densely coated with small pale reddish-brown ovate
membranous scales ; sori linear, oblique ; invol. very rudimentary. — Brit. F.
t. 36. Ceterach officinar^m, Willd.—fi, C. aureum, Link ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., Ji-2
in. br., lobes oblong, scales toothed. — Hk. Sp. 3. p. 273.

Hab. Britain and Gothland to Spain, Greece, Himalayas, and the Caucasus ; /3, Cana-
ries and Madeira. — The involucre is so very nearly absent, that this is placed by most
authors in Grammitidece.

278. A. (Hemi.) Purdieanum, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., clothed copiously with
greyish-brown lanceolate-acuminate scales; fr. 6-9 in. each way, deltoid,
cordate, with a terminal and 2-3 pairs of opposite lateral pinnce, the largest
4-5 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., acute at the point, narrowed at the base, the edge entire ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both surfaces naked ; veins fine, the primary ones very
oblique, anastomosing copiously halfway from the midrib to the edge, connected
by a vague line within the margin ; lower sori sometimes 1 in. 1. — Hk. Sp. 3.
p. 273. Ic. t. 938.

Hab. Discovered by Mr. Purdie in Venezuela (not Jamaica), and since gathered by
Dr. Spruce in Peru.

279. A. (Hemi.) Finlaysonianum, "Wall. ; st. 6-9 in. L, green, subcompressed,
nearly naked ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., simply pinnate, with 2-6 opposite pairs
of lateral pinnce, the lower ones 4-8 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., the point very acuminate,
the base narrowed very gradually on both sides to a distinct petiole, the edge
entire, the two sides often unequal ; texture coriaceous ; veins subflabellate, very
oblique, anastomosing slightly towards the edge, sometimes bounded by an

246 41. SCOLOPENDRIUM, § EUSCOLOPENDKIUM.

irregular intramarginal line ; sori often 1J-2 in. 1.— HJc. Sp. 3. p. 271. lc. t. 937.
Asplenidictyon, J. Sin.

Hab. Himalayas and Malayan Peninsula. — This has the same close relation to A. macro-
pliyllum that elegans has to fraxmifolivm.

280. A. (Hemi.) marginatum, Linn. ; st. 2-3 ft. 1., strong, erect, woody,
sometimes -| in. thick at the base ; fr. simply pinnate, 4-6 ft. 1. ; pinnae in
several opposite pairs, the lowest 1-2 ft. 1., 3-4 in. br., the edge entire, the base
often cordate ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis naked, polished ; veins
anastomosing copiously in the outer third of the space between the midrib and
edge, bounded by a distinct intramarginal line ; sori long, linear, confined to the
free veins.— HJc. Sp. 3. p. 271. Fit. Ex. t. 63.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Venezuela to Peru and Brazil.

GEN. 39. ALLANTODIA, Wall, (in part).

Sori dorsal, linear-oblong, attached to the primary veins. InvoL the same
shape as the sorus and quite enclosing it, bursting in an irregular line down to
the centre. A single simply pinnate species with thin ample pinnai, differing from
Asplenium in the dehiscence of the involucre. TAB. IV. f. 39.

1. A. Brunoniana, Wall. ; fr. often 2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br. ; pinnce^-G in. 1., 1 in. br.,
entire ; veins forked near the midrib, two rows of hexagonal areolse occupying
the outer half of the space between the midrib and the edge, bounded by an
intramarginal line ; sori confined to the anterior vein of the first fork. — Hk. Sp.
3. p. 275.

Hab. Himalayas (up to 6,000 ft.), Ceylon, Java, Tahiti. — Asplen. javanicum, Blume,
is the oldest name.

GEN. 40. ACTINIOPTERIS, Link.

Sori linear-elongated, submarginal. :Invol. the same shape as the sorus, folded
over it, placed one on each side of the narrow segments of the frond opening
towards the midrib. A single species, at once recognizable by its ftabellate habit,
like a palm-tree (Chamcerops) in miniature, with fruit in character intermediate
between Aspleniese and Pterideae. TAB. IV. f. 40. *

1. A. radiata, Link ; st. densely tufted, 2-6 in. 1. ; fr. like a fan, 1-1£ in. deep,
composed of numerous dichotomous segments which are rush-like in texture,
not more than \ lin. br., the veins few and subparallel with the indistinct
midrib, the segments of the fertile frond longer than those of the barren one. —
Ic. Fil. t. 975. — j3, A. australis, Link ; segm. fewer, longer, subulate at the point.
— Ic. Fil. t. 976. Hk. Sp. 3. p. 276.

Hab. Throughout India, especially in the Peninsula, Ava, Ceylon, Arabia, Upper
Egypt, Abyssinia, Mascaren Isles, Zambesi-land, Macalisberg, Angola.

TRIBE 9. SCOLOPENDRIEJE.

Sori as in Asplenieae, except that the involucres are arranged in pairs and open
towards each other. GEN. 41.

GEN. 41. SCOLOPENDRIUM, Sm.

Characters of the tribe. TAB. IV. f. 41.

§ Euscolopendrium. Veins free or anastomosing only casually. Sp. 1-4.

1. S. vulgare, Sm. ; st. 4-8 in. 1., fibrillose below ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., 1^-3 in. br.,
ligulate-oblong, entire, the base cordate ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins in groups

41. SCOLOPENDRIUM, §§ ANTIQRAMME, §§§ SCHAFFNERIA. 24:7

of 2-4, rarely anastomosing. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 1. Brit. F. t. 37. S. Lindeni, HJc.
Ic. PI. t. 488.

Hab. Britain and Gothland to Spain, Madeira, the Azores, the Caucasus and Japan ;
United States and Mexico, rare. — A very large number of curious varieties and mon-
strosities are in cultivation, of which the most remarkable has non-indusiate sori
edge and upper surface of the frond and anastomosing venation.

2. S. Hemionitis, Sw. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., slender, slightly fibrillose ; fr. 4-6 in. ].,
oblong-lanceolate, the base hastato-cordate, with short and rounded or prominent
and almost acute lobes ; texture thinner than in the last ; sori shorter ; veins
more branched. — HJc. Sp. 4. p. 2.

Hab. Spain, S. France, Italy, and the Mediterranean Islands.

3. S. pinnatum, J. Sm. ; st. compressed, greyish ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., with an entire
terminal pinna 4-6 in. ]., 1^-2 in. br., proliferous at the point and 1-6 pairs of
similar lateral ones ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins usually once forked ; sori
oblique, £-f in. 1., 1 lin. br. — HTc. Sp. 4. p. 2.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 187, 311. — S. longifolium, Presl (Micropodium, Mett.),
gathered at Luzon by Haenke, has a simple undivided frond, and the limit between the
edges of the contiguous involucres marked by a thin line, whilst in S. pinnatum it is an
evident lamelliform crest. See Mett. Fil. Ind. 2. p. 233.

4. S. Durvittei, Bory ; rhizome firm, wide-scandent ; st. 2-3"in. ]., firm, erect,
naked ; fr. varying from simple lanceolate-oblong, 6 in. 1., 1 in. br., the edge
crenate, the base auricled (these alone fertile), to subdeltoid bipinnatifid, with
several pinnae on each side, the lowest 1^ in. 1., f in. br., cut down nearly to the
rachis into narrow toothed or pinnatifid lobes ; texture subcoriaceous, both sides
naked ; veins of entire frond subparallel, simple or forked ; sori reaching from
the midrib two-thirds of the space to the edge without any raised line between
them. — Kunzet Suppl. SchJc. p. 9. t. 5. Micropodium, Mett.

Hab. Ualan ; gathered first by Durville.

§§ Antigramme, Presl* Frond with a distinct midrib, veins anastomosing
towards the edge. Sp. 5-6.

5. S. (Anti.) Brasiliense, Kunze ; st. short, fibrillose ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., \-\\ in.
br., subentire, tapering towards both ends ; texture coriaceous ; veins anasto-
mosing about two-thirds of the distance from the midrib to the edge ; sori
linear, confined to the free veins.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 3.

Hab. Brazil. — A. subsessilis, Fe*e, is a subsessile form, with a longer and narrower
frond than usual.

6. S. (Anti.) plantagineum, Schrad. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, grey, naked ; fr. 6-10
in. 1., 3-5 in. br., ovate, the base rounded or truncate or cordate, the edge entire ;
texture coriaceous ; veins anastomosing within about ^ in. of the edge ; forks of
the free veins J in. apart ; sori confined to the free veins. — S. Douglasii,
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 3. Asplenium, Hk. & Gr. Ic. 1. 150.

Hab. Brazil.

§§§ Schaffneria, Fee. No distinct midrib, but the veins flabettate, uniting
towards the edge. Sp. 7.

7. S. (Schaff.) nigripes, Hk. ; st. 1-2 in. 1., black, polished, naked, jointed at the
apex ; fr. obovate or roundish, 1-1 1 in. br. ; texture thick, coriaceous; sori in

248 42. DIDYMOCHL^NA. 43. ASPIDIUM.

irregularly linear or oblong patches. — Schaffneria, Fee. Asplenium, Hk. Kew
Gard. Misc. 9. t. 9.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.

§§§§ Camptosorus, Link. Veins anastomosing near the midrib but free outwards.
Sori usually in opposite pairs, but more or less divaricating. Sp. 8-9.

8. S. (Campt.) rhizophyllum, Hk. ; st. 1-4 in. 1., naked, compressed, below
cliesnut-brown ; fr. 4-9 in. 1., lanceolate, from an auricled cordate base, the point
tapering out and often rooting ; texture coriaceous ; sori short, irregular, linear-
oblong. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 4.

Hab. British America to the Southern United States.

9. S. (Campt.) sibiricum, Hk. ; barren fr. ovate-acuminate, 1 in. 1., ^-f in.
br. ; fertile fr. 6 in. or more 1., J in. br., the apex elongated and rooting, the
base not auricled and narrowed gradually ; st. 2-3 in. 1., naked, green upwards,
ebeneous below ; texture subcoriaceous ; sori linear or oblong. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 4.
2nd Cent. t. 35.

Hab. W. Siberia, Karnschatka, Tsus-Sima, Japan.

TRIBE 10. ASPIDIE.E.

Sori dorsal, subglobose, rarely elliptical. Involucre superior, similar in shape to
the sorus, fixed either by the centre or a sinus. GEN. 42-47.

GEN. 42. DIDYMOCHL^ENA, Desv.

Sori elliptical, terminal on a veinlet, but distinctly intramarginal. Invol.
elliptical, emarginate at the base, attached to the linear receptacle, free all round
the edge. TAB. 4. f. 42.

1. D. lunulata, Desv. ; caud. erect, subarborescent ; fr. densely tufted, 4-6 ft.
1., bipinnate j pinnl. f-1 in. br., dimidiate, subquadrangular, entire or slightly
sinuated ; texture subcoriaceous ; venation subflabellate ; sori 2-6 to a pinnule.
— Hk. Sp. 4. p. £, G. F. t. 17. Aspid. truncatulum, Sw., Wittd.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Guatemala to Peru and Brazil ; Fiji, Malayan
Peninsula and Isles, Madagascar, Johanna Island, Natal, Fernando Po. — The pinnules
in shape and texture correspond with those of the dimidiate Adiantece and Lindsayce.

2. D.polycarpa, Baker ; caud. erect ; st. tufted, short ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 12-18 in.
br., simply pinnate ; pinnae close, very numerous, spreading, dwindling down
below to mere auricles, the largest 6-9 in. 1., \ in. br., cut down halfway or more
to the rachis into close linear-oblong lobes ; rachis and lower surface villose ;
veins verjr close, pinnated, 12 or more on each side in a lobe ; sori small,
close, ultimately confluent.— Aspid. Bl., Mett. Nephrodium javanicum, Hk.
Sp. 4. p. 67. Fil. Ex. t. 61. Mesochlsena, R. Br. MSS. Sphserostephanos,

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Islands. — Habit and venation of Eunephrodium, but the
involucre in structure resembles the preceding. M. asplenioides, J. Smith, is a villose
variety, with narrower pinnae than usual, with short oblong-deltoid lobes.

GEN. 43. ASPIDIUM, Sw. (in part}, R. Br.

Sori subglobose, dorsal or terminal on the veinlets. Invol. orbicular, fixed by
the centre. A cosmopolitan genus, the species of which vary much in size, texture,
cutting, and venation. TAB. 5. f. 43,

43. ASPIDIUM, § POLYSTICHUM. 249

Polystichum, Roth. Veins all free. Sp. 1-42. Texture more or lesg
coriaceous in all except species 1, 4, 38, 39, and 41, and teeth usually awned.

* Frond pinnatifid only. Sp. 1-2.

1. A. (Polyst.) glandulosum, Hk. & Gr. ; st. tufted, very short ; Jr. 6-8 in. 1.,
1-1^ in. br., oblong-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, cut down nearly to the
rachis above and quite below into bluntly sinuated linear-oblong lobes,
emarginate on the upper, decurrent on the lower side at the base ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces finely glanduloso-pilose ; vsins pinnate,
the veinlets in groups of three ; sori 2-8 to a pinna, midway between the midrib
and edge.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 6. Hk. & Gr. t. 140. (not Blume).

Hab. Cuba and Jamaica.

2. A. (Polyst.) Plaschnichianum, Kunze ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., slender, fibrillose
below ; jr. 4-6 in. 1., ^-f in. br., lanceolate, rooting at the point, subentire or
slightly or deeply lobed at the base ; texture coriaceous ; loth surfaces slightly
fibrillose; lower veins in groups of four; son copious, scattered. — Hie. Sp. 4.
p. 7. t. 211.

Hab. Jamaica. — According to Grisebach, a less cut form of species 3.

** Fronds once pinnate, the lower pinnce entire or pinnatifid below. Sp. 3-17.

3. A. (Polyst.) rhizophyllum, Swz. ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., fibrillose, slender ; Jr.
2-6 in. 1., | in br., with the long, narrow, upper half of the frond lengthened
out and rooting, the lower half cut down to a flattened fibrillose rachis into
oblong rhomboidal subentire lobes, f-^ in. br., £ in. deep ; texture subcoriaceous ;
veins copiously pinnate in the lobes; sori scattered* — Hk. Sp< 4. p. 7. Hk. &
Gr. Ic. t. 59.

Hab. Jamaica and Cuba.

4. A. (Polyst.) semicordatum, Sw. ; st. scattered, 6-12 in. 1., fibrillose at the
base ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce spreading, 4-6 in. 1.,
|-f in. br., nearly entire, acuminate, cordate or truncate at the base ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous or subcoriaceous, both sides naked and rachis nearly so ;
veins pinnate, the lower ones ending short of the edge ; sori in 1-3 rows on each
side, the inner one the most constant and regular, close to the midrib. — Hk. Sp.
4. p. 16. Cyclopeltis, J. Sm.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Panama to Brazil and Peru; Philippines,
Amboyna, Malayan Peninsula and Isles. — This corresponds to the genus Hemicardium
of Fee, who makes five species. A. Kinyii, Hance (Ann. Sc. Nat. 4. ser. 18. p. 237),
from the Caroline Isles, is said to have blunt repand pinnse 1£ in. 1., under £ in. br. ;
veins less branched, and fruit in a single line.

5. A. (Polyst.) munitum, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, 4-9 in, 1., strong, straw-coloured,
densely clothed, especially below, with large glossy lanceolate scales ; fr. 1-2
ft. 1., 4-8 in. br. ; pinnce close, 3-4 in. 1., §-£ in. br., the apex acuminate, the
edge finely spinuloso-serrated throughout, the upper side auricled and the lower
obliquely truncate at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis generally scaly ;
veinlets fine, close ; sori in two rows near the edge. — Hk. Sp. 4./>. 10. t. 219.

Hab. Western N. America, from Nootka to California.

6. A. (Polyst.) falcinellum, Swz. ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., densely clothed,
especially below, with blackish-brown lanceolate scales ;fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in.
br. ; central pinnce with about their own space between them, 3 in. 1., £ in. br., ths

2 i

250 43. ASPIDIUM, § POLYSTICHUM.

point acute, the edge finely not spinosely serrated, the upper side bluntly
auricled, the lower obliquely truncate at the base ; texture very coriaceous ;
rachis usually scaly ; veins inconspicuous ; sori in two long rows. HTc. Sp. 4.
p. 10. Fil.Ex.t.53.

Hab. Madeira. — P. maderense, Johnst. (Ann. N. H. April, 1866), is said to be inter-
mediate between this and P. angulare.

7. A. (Poly st.) acrostichoides, Swz. ; st. 6-8 in. 1., densely clothed below with
pale-brown lanceolate scales ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 3-5 in. br., the pinnae of the lower
half barren, 2-3 in. 1., j in. br., spinoso-serrated throughout, auricled at the
base above, the pinnse of the upper half fertile, much smaller ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis straw-coloured, usually rather scaly ; veinlets in groups of
four ; sori occupying the whole under side of the fertile 'pinnae. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 9.

Hab. Canada to Florida and the Mississippi. — A. Schweinitzii, Beck, is a form with
lobed pinnse.

8. A. (Polyst.) lepidocaulon, Hk. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., weak, densely clothed
with large cordate brown scales ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 4-6 in. br., sometimes
elongated and radicant at the point ; pinnce. 2-3 in. 1., £-f in. br., lanceolate-
falcate, not toothed, the two sides unequal, the upper ones with a triangular
auricle at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis densely scaly like the stipe,
lower surface with scattered scales ; veins obscure, sometimes slightly con-
nected ; sori principally in two rows a short space from the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 12. t. 217.

Hab. Japan and Tsus-Sima. — Habit and texture of A. falcatum, but the veins only
casually joined, and the racbis densely scaly.

9. A. (Polyst.) Lonchitis, Swz. ; st. densely tufted, 1-4 in. 1., ebeneous and
clothed with large lanceolate pale-brown scales at the base ; fr. 12-18 in. 1.,
1-2 in. br., pinnate throughout ; pinnce 4r-l in. 1., £-§ in. br., ovate-rhomboidal,
subfalcate, the two sides unequal, the point mucronate, the edge spinuloso-
serrated, the upper side sharply auricled at the base, the lower obliquely
truncate ; rachis nearly naked ; texture coriaceous ; sori usually in two rows. —
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 8. Brit. F. t. 9.

Hab. Arctic Europe to Portugal, Naples, Greece, Himalayas, and Davuria ; Green-
land, and mountains of the N. United States, and British America.

10. A. (Polyst.) mucronatum, Swz. ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., stout, erect, densely
clothed with large reddish-brown lanceolate scales ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., lf-2 in.
br., pinnate throughout ; pinnce very numerous, often imbricated, f-1 in. 1.,
|-g in. br., subrhomboidal, unequal-sided, the point mucronate, the edge sub-
entire or slightly lobed, distinctly auricled at the base on the upper side ;
texture very coriaceous ; rachis stiff and densely scaly ; sori in a long row on
each side the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 9. t. 216.

Hab. West Indies. — Very like the preceding in appearance and texture.

11. A. (Polyst.) Lachenense, Hk. ; st. densely tufted, 2-4 in. 1., stout,
ebeneous, and clothed with large lanceolate scales below ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., £-f in.
br., pinnate throughout ; pinnce ^-§ in. 1., 2-3 lin. br., ovate-deltoid, the two
sides equal, the point bluntish, the edge spinoso-serrated, bluntly lobed below
halfway down ; texture coriaceous ; rachis stramineous, fibrillose ; sori often
covering the whole under side of the pinnse. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 8. t. 212.

Hab. Sikkim, Himalayas (13-16,000 ft.) ; gathered by Drs. Hooker, Thomson, and
Anderson.

12. A. (Polyst.) triangulum, Swz. ; st. tufted, 2-6 in. 1., with large dark-

43. ASPIDIUM, § POLYSTICHUM. 251

brown scales at the base ; fr. 1 ft. or more ]., 1^-2 in. br. ; pinnce numerous,
sessile, the lower ones distant, the central ones f-1 in. 1., f-f in. br., subdeltoid,
but the lower side obliquely truncate, apex mucronate, edge subentire or slightly
lobed with blunt or spinose teeth, one or both sides auricled at the base ; texture
coriaceous ; rachis slightly scaly ; veins flabellate ; sori principally in two rows
near the edge. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 14.

Hab. West Indies. — P. ilicifolium, Fde, appears to be a form with elongated fronds
rooting at the point.

13. A. (Polyst.) auriculatum, Sw. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., scaly below or
throughout ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-4 in. br. ; pinnce numerous, subsessile, usually
close, 1-1-! in. 1., §-^ in. br., ovate-rhomboidal, falcate, the point acute, the edge
spinoso-serrated, not lobed, the upper one with a prominent auricle, the lower
one truncate in a horizontal line at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
stramineous, slightly scaly ; lower veinkts in groups of three ; sort in two rows.
— /3, A. marginatum. Wall. ; texture more coriaceous, upper edge, of the pinnae
slightly lobed. — y, A. lentum, Don; pinnae cut into oblong mucronate lobes
about halfway down to the rachis, the auricle sometimes quite free. — A. ocel-
latum, Watt. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 11.

Hab. Throughout India and Ceylon, ascending in the Himalayas to 9,000ft., Formosa.
— A . obliquum, Don (ccespitosum, Wall.), agrees very nearly with a. The typical plant
looks distinct, but is connected by gradual intermediates with y, which is barely distin-
guishable from A . lobatum.

14. A. (Polyst.) ilicifolium, Don; st. densely tufted, 2-4 in. 1., slender,
clothed with large scales throughout ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 1-2 in. br. ; pinnce sub-
deltoid or lanceolate, £-1 in. 1., the apex mucronate, cut down below to the
rachis into lanceolate or ovate-mucronate lobes; texture coriaceous; both
surfaces naked ; rachis slender, fibrillose ; veins immersed ; sori principally in
two rows near the midrib. — A. stimulans, Kze. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 12. t. 214.

Hab. N. India, ascending to 9,000 ft.— Quite doubtfully distinct from some of the
forms of auriculatum and aculeatum.

15. A. (Polyst.) Thomsoni, Hk. ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., slender, straw-coloured,
fibrillose ; fr. 6-8 in. 1., |-1 in. br., lanceolate-acuminate, narrowed gradually
below, pinnate throughout ; pinnce -| in. 1., ^ in. br., ovate-deltoid, unequal-
sided, the lower side the smallest and obliquely truncate at the base, the edge
pinnatifid halfway down or more, the lobes with sharp mucronate teeth ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis naked or fibrillose ; veins pinnate in the lower
lobes ; sori mostly one to each lobe. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 7. 2nd Cent. t. 25.

Hab. Himalayas, 7-13,000 ft.

16. A. (Polyst.) viviparum, Fee; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., with large lanceolate
scales at the base, the lower ones nearly black in the centre ; fr. 12-18 in. 1.,
4-6 in. br. ; pinnce numerous, nearly lanceolate, the central ones 2 in. 1., ^-f in.
br., the point mucronate, sometimes gemmiparous, the edge more or less deeply
lobed, in the lower part sometimes quite down to the rachis, the upper side
auricled, the lower obliquely truncate at the base ; texture very coriaceous; sori
in two or four rows. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 15.

Hab. West Indies. — P. heterolepis, Fee, is a form with long narrow pinnse, the pin-
nules of the lower half distinct, the lowest slightly stalked. This may be the A. trape-
zioides of Swartz, with which Moore joins it.

17- A. (Polyst.) tridens, Ilk. ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., wiry, clothed with blackish
lanceolate scales below ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., l-l£ in. br. ; pinnce numerous, close,
£-f in. 1., £-f in. br,, deeply tripartite, all the three lobes linear-lanceolate,

252 43. ASPIDIUM, § POLYSTICHUM.

mucronate, the central one the largest, and all sometimes a little toothed, the
base cuneate, nearly equal on both sides, the lower ones distinctly stalked ;
texture very coriaceous ; veins obscure ; sori in two close rows. — Hk. /Sp. 4.
p. 15. t. 215.

Hab. Jamaica ; gathered by Purdie and Wilson. — This and the preceding are both
united by Grisebach with triangulum.

*** Lower pinnae once pinnate. Sp. 18-29.

18. A. (Polyst.) aculeatum, Sw. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., more or less clothed
with ovate-lanceolate and iibrillose pale brown-scales ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate ; lower pinnae close, lanceolate, 4-6 in. 1., £-f in. br. ; pinnl.
ovate-rhomboidal, unequal-sided, auricled on the upper side at the base ; teeth
aristate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis straw-coloured, more or less scaly ;
under surface slightly fibrillcse ; sori principally in two rows nearer the midrib
than the edge. — a, A. lobatum, Sw. ; texture coriaceous ; pinnl. confluent at the
base. — /3, A. aculeatum, Sw. ; texture less rigid ; pinnl. sessile, the lower ones free.
— y, A. angulare, Willd. ; texture less rigid, lower pinnl. stalked, sometimes
deeply pinnatifid. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 18.

Hab. Throughout the world ; rare in the Arctic regions and Eastern N. America. —
A. squarromm, Don (rufo-bai-bafum, Wall.) has the rachis densely clothed with reddish-
brown fibrillose scales ; A. proliferum, Br., is a proliferous Australian form ; A. vestitum,
Sw., has the rachis densely clothed to the point both with reddish-brown fibrillose and
large lanceolate dark-brown scales ; A. biaristatum, Blume, has the frond narrowed sud-
denly upwards, and large rhomboidal pinnules, aristate principally at the point and
auricle ; the Cape A. luctuosum, Kunze, has the scales of the rachis fibrillose and nearly
black ; A. Tsus-Simense, Hk., is probably a slender form ; and A. ordinatum and Moritz-
ianum, Kunze, and Polyp, muricatum, L., are luxuriant forms from S. America. We
have non indusiate forms from New Zealand (Polyp, sylvaticum, Colenso), Britain (var.
plumosum, Moore) ; and there is a wide range of forms in S. America included under
Polyp. rigidum(Sp. Fil. 4. p. 246 ; Ic. Fil. t. 163), which correspond to the various forma
of this species, differing only by the want of an involucre.

19. A. (Polyst.) punffens, Kaulf. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping ; st. scattered,
1 ft. 1., stramineous, scaly only below ; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 9-12 in. br. ; lower pinnae
6-12 in. L, 1-2 in. br. ; pinnl. ovate-rhomboidal, unequal-sided, often deeply
pinnatifid, the teeth awned ; texture subcoriaceous ; both surfaces naked ; sori
principally in two rows nearer the midrib than the edge. — Schlecht. Adumb.
p. 21, t. 10.

Hab. Cape Colony and Natal. — Best distinguished from aculeatum by its creeping
rhizome.

20. A. (Polyst.) mohrioides, Bory ; st. tufted, 2-6 in, 1., stout, more or less
densely clothed with lanceolate dark-brown scales ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br.,
with numerous dense, often imbricated, lanceolate pinnce, which are cut down
below into slightly-toothed oblong-rhomboidal pinnl. ; teeth blunt or mucronate ;
texture coriaceous ; both surfaces naked ; rachis stout, compressed, scaly ; veins
close, immersed ; sori copious. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 26.

Hab. Patagonia and the Cordilleras of Chili. — Like a stout reduced form of lobatum ;
but teeth in the typical specimens not at all spinulose ; and a specimen from Bourbon
quite agrees with the Patagonian plant.

21. A. (Polyst.) obtusum, Mett. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. L, densely clothed with
large, ovate-acuminate, bright-brown scales ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 4-6 in. br.,
lanceolate, with numerous distant linear-lanceolate pinna, the lower ones 3-4 in.
1., | in. br. ; pinnl. distinct, oblong-rhomboidal, the obscure teeth blunt or

43. ASPIDIUM, § POLYSTICHUM. 253

mucronate ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked ; rachis densely fibrillose ;
sori in two rows midway between edge and midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 24. t. 221.

Hab. Luzon, Cuming, 234, Lobb. — Probably should be joined to aculeatum.

22. A. (Polyst.) californicum, Eaton ; st. 4-6 in, 1., straw-coloured, slightly
scaly ; fr. 12-15 in. 1., 4 in. br., with numerous close-placed lanceolate pinnae,
the largest 2 in. 1., \ in. br., the upper part with a broad, entire centre, the
lower cut down nearly or quite to the rachis ; pinnl. ovate-deltoid, unequal-
sided, the teeth very mucronate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis clothed throughout
with small pale-brown scales; under surface fibrillose, especially on the midrib ;
sori almost confined to the outer half of the pinnce. — Proc. Am. Ac. vol. 6.
p. 555.

Hab. California, Hillebmnd. — Very near A. lobatum.

23. A. (Polyst.) Richardi, Hk. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., stout, erect, scaly
throughout ; fr. 9-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate-deltoid, with numerous close-
placed lanceolate pinnce 3-6 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., cut down below into distinct
lanceolate sharply-toothed deeply-lobed pinnl. ; texture coriaceous ; rachis
slightly scaly ; both surfaces nearly naked ; veins immersed ; sori in two rows
midway between the midrib and edge. — HTc. Sp. 4. p. 23. t. 222.

Hab. New Zealand and Fiji. — Differs from aculeatum by its more rigid texture, shorter
teeth, and lower pinnae not reduced.

24. A. (Polyst.) oculatum, Hk.; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1., firm, straw-coloured, clothed
throughout with dark-brown lanceolate scales ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 4-6 in. br.,
ovate-deltoid, with numerous pinnce on each side, the lower ones lanceolate-
deltoid, 3-4 in. 1., 1 J-l| in. br., with lanceolate pinnl. cut down nearly to the rachis
into oblong-rhomboidal segm. ; texture coriaceous ; rachis scaly throughout ;
lower surface furfuraceous ; veins immersed ; sori in two rows near the midrib.
—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 24. t. 228.

Hab. New Zealand. — Very near the last, but the under surface downy, and segments
shorter and blunter. Species 19-24 are all very near to 18.

25. A. (Polyst.) cystostegia, Hk. ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., brown, shining, clothed
with large lanceolate pale-brown scales ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., oblong-
lanceolate ; central pinnce close, ovate-deltoid, the lower ones distant and
reduced ; lower pinnl. oblong-lanceolate, deeply lobed, the teeth blunt ; texture
subcoriaceous ; colour bright-green ; surfaces naked ; rachis densely clothed with
linear pale-brown scales ; sori in two rows in the lower pinnl. ; invol. large,
very convex.— .#&. Sp. 4. p. 26. t. 227.

Hab. Mountains of N. Zealand.— A well-marked plant, scarcely more than herbaceous
in texture.

26. A. (Polyst.) Prescottianum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1-4 in. 1., clothed with large
lanceolate pal'e-brown scales ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., narrowly ovate-
lanceolate, with numerous spreading pinnce, 1-1^ in. 1., ^-f in. br., cut down to
the rachis into several oblong-rhomboidal pinnl. with aristate teeth ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis weak, stramineous, densely scaly throughout ; veins
immersed ; sori filling up nearly the whole breadth between edge and midrib. —
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 22. t. 223.

Hab. N. India, ascending to 12,000 ft. — Distinguishable from the other Himalayan
forms by its long narrow finely-cut flaccid frond.

27. A. (Polyst.) anomalum, Hk. & Arn. ; st. tufted, 1-2 ft. 1., stout, erect,

254 43. ASPIDIUM, § POLYSTICHUM.

densely clothed, especially below, with large lanceolate pale-brown scales ; fr.
2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; lower pinnae 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate,
cut down in the lower part into oblong segin. ; teeth blunt or slightly mucronate ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis more or less scaly ; both surfaces naked ; veins
obscure ; sori placed near the sinuses of the pinnl. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 27. Kew
Gard. Misc. 8. t. 11.

Hab. Ceylon. — A very curious plant, perhaps an abnormal form of 18. The sori are
often upon the upper surface, and sometimes quite destitute of involucre.

28. A. (Polyst.) amabile, Blume ; st. scattered, 6-12 in. 1., slender, polished,
slightly scaly below ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 6-9 in. br., with a lanceolate terminal
pinna and 3-6 lateral ones on each side, which are 6-8 in. 1., 1-1 1 in. br., the
lowest sometimes slightly compound at the base ; segm. subrhomboidal, with at
least half the lower side cut away, £-f in. 1., J-f in. br., the upper side and
outer part of the lower lobed and sharply spinuloso-serrated ; texture subcoria-
ceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; lower veinlets in groups of 3-5 ; sori
submarginal.— HJc. Sp. 4. p. 25. t. 225.

Hab. Nepaul, Ceylon, Malaccas, Formosa, Japan. — This is nearest the simpler forms
of aristatum, but has a long terminal pinna, with subuniform large rhomboidal segments.

29. A. (Polyst.) tripteront Kunze ; st. 6-9 in. 1., densely clothed at the base
with large ovate dark-brown scales ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., with a large terminal
and two small spreading lateral pinnae at the base of it, the former 2^-3 in. br.,
with very numerous spreading pinnl. on each side, 1^ in. 1., f-^ in br., very
unequal-sided, the point acute, the edge deeply inciso-pinnatifid, the lower lobes
again toothed, the upper side abruptly narrowed and the lower obliquely
truncate at the base ; lot. pinnae 3-5 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., with numerous
similar pinnl. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis nearly naked, stramineous ; sori
principally in two rows midway between midrib and edge. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 15.
2nd Cent. t. 56.

Hab. Japan and Tsus-Sima. — A very distinct plant.

**** Lower pinnae more than once pinnate. Sp. 30-41.

30. A. (Polyst.) laserpitiifolium, Mett. ; st. 4 in. L, stramineous, scaly at the
base ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate-deltoid, tripinnate ; lower pinnae the
largest, with pinnl. on the lower side prolonged, lanceolate, imbricated with
small, distinct, bluntly, not deeply lobed segm.; texture subcoriaceous ; colour
light-green ; both sides and rachis glabrous ; sori in two rows occupying nearly
the whole space between the edge and midrib. — Mett. Fit. Ind.p. 227. t. Q.f. 2.

Hab. Japan. — Differs from A. amabile by being more compound, with smaller, cuneate,
oblong, less-toothed segments and larger sori.

31. A. (Polyst.) varium, Sw. ; rhizome subrepent ; st. 6-12 in. 1., densely
fibrillose below ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 9-12 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid ; lower pinnae
much the largest, subdeltoid, unequal-sided, 4-6 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl.
lanceolate, imbricated, the lowest one on the under side much larger than the
others ; segm. oblong, blunt, faintly toothed, the teeth not awned ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; both surfaces naked ; rachis slightly fibrillose ; sori principally in
two rows near the midrib; invol. peltate or reniform. — Hk. Sp. 4. jo/30.
t. 226. Lastrea, Hk. olim.

Hab. Japan, southward to Hong-Kong. — Habit intermediate between that of a
Lastrea, and typical Polystichum.

32. A. (Polyst.) capense, Willd. ; st. scattered, 1-2 ft. 1.., firm, erect, greyish,

43. ASPIDIUM, § POLYSTICHUM. 255

densely scaly below ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., subdeltoid ; lowest pinnce the
largest, 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl. and segm. lanceolate, the latter bluntly
lobed, the teeth not mucronate ; texture very coriaceous ; rachis strong, polished ;
both surfaces naked ; veins immersed, pinnate ; son 1 lin. br., in two rows
filling nearly the space between midrib and edge. — Polyp. L. A. coriaceum,
Sw. HLSp.4.p.32.

Hab. America, from Cuba to Patagonia ; Polynesian Islands, New Zealand, and
Australia ; Cape Colony, Natal, Mascaren Isles.

33. A. (Poly st.) flexum, Kunze ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping ; st. scattered,
1 ft. 1., deciduously scaly ; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 9-12 in. br. ; lower pinnce lanceolate-
deltoid, 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis
below into oblong bluntly-lobed segm. \ in. L, J-ijr in. br. ; texture coriaceous ;
teeth not awned ; veins beneath prominent ; under surface and rachises scaly ;
sori large, in two rows, occupying nearly the space between edge and midrib. —
A. Berteroanum, Colla. HTc. Sp. 4. p. 33. t. 229.

Hab. Juan Fernandez. — Closely allied to the preceding, from which it is distinguished
by its furfuraceous rachis and under surface.

34. A. (Polyst.) Seemanni, Hk., ; st. stout, erect, the upper part naked ; fr.
18-24 in. L, 1 ft. br. ; pinnce lanceolate, 6-8 in. 1., 2-2| in. br. ; pinnl. distant,
sublanceolate, unequal-sided, 1-1^ in. 1., J-f in. br., bluntly lobed, the lower
lobes reaching down nearly to the rachis ; texture coriaceous'; rachises and both
surfaces nearly naked ; midrib of the lobes prominent ; sori 4-6 in each. — Hk.
Sp. 4. p. 34. t. 230.

Hab. Panama, Seemann. — Very near the two preceding.

35. A. (Polyst.) ascendens, Hew. ; rhizome wide-climbing ; st. 1 ft. 1., straw-
coloured, polished, nearly naked ; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 1 ft. br., dimorphous ; lower
pinnce of barren fr. subdeltoid, 6-9 in. L, 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate-deltoid ;
segm. stalked, ovate-rhomboidal, cut down to the rachis in the lower part and
lobes acutely, not deeply toothed ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
glossy, naked ; fertile segm. distant, ^ in. L, ^ in. br., the edge undulated ; sori
in two rows, which are close to the midrib and fill up the lobes. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 32. t. 224.

Hab. Jamaica. — In habit this differs entirely from the other species, and coincides with
Dicksonia coniifolia, of which Dr. Grisebach supposes it to be a dimorphic form.

36. A. (Polyst.) frondosum, Lowe; st. scattered, 1-2 ft. 1., strong, straw-
coloured or pale-brown, polished, densely scaly below ; fr. 18-24 in. L, 1 ft. or
more br., subdeltoid, the lower pinnce much the largest, 6-12 in. L, 3-4 in. br.,
long-stalked ; pinnl. lanceolate, erecto-patent ; segm. very unequal-sided, pin-
natifid, with rounded mucronate lobes, obliquely truncate at the base below ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis glossy, stramineous ; both surfaces naked ; lateral
veins of lobes often forked ; sori large, copious, principally in two rows near the
midrib.—/?*. Sp. 4. p. 31.

Hab. Madeira, Zambesi-land, Natal.

37. A. (Polyst.) aristatum, Sw. ; rhizome creeping ; st. scattered, 12-18 in. 1.,
clothed, especially below, with linear or fibrillose scales ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 9-12 in.
br., ovate-deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnce largest, 6-9 in. 1.,
3-4 in. br., subdeltoid ; lowest pinnl. much the largest, lanceolate-deltoid,
2-4 in. 1., with subdeltoid lower segm. ; teeth copious, aristate ; texture sub-
coriaceous, glossy ; both surfaces naked, rachis nearly so ; sori small, prin-
cipally in two rows near the midrib ; invol. sometimes reniform. — /3, A. conii-

256 43. ASPIDIUM, § POLYSTICHTJM.

folium. Wall. ; more finely divided ; segms. copiously toothed, with lower lobes
distinct. — y, A. Hamiltonii, Spr. ; texture more coriaceous ; lower pinnl. 3-4
in. 1., with large ovate-deltoid slightly lobed segments. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 27.

Hab. Japan and Himalayas to Ceylon, Norfolk Island, Fiji, Samoa, N. S. Wales, and
Natal. — A. Cornu-Cervi, Don, is a deformed state of y, which differs from capense prin-
cipally by its aristate teeth, whilst the other varieties more resemble amabile and
frondosum. Dr. Thwaites assigns to (3 an erect caudex, and regards it as a good species.
Arachniodes aspidioides, Bl., is this, with the involucre fallen away.

38. A. (Polyst.) melanostictum, Kze. ; st. scaly below, 6-12 in. 1., greyish ; fr.
18-24 in. 1., 1 ft. br. ; lowerjpinnce 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; pinnl. close, lanceolate,
1| in. 1., \ in. br., regularly cut down to the rachis into close, linear-oblong
nearly entire slightly falcate segm.; texture herbaceous ; colour dark-green ; both
surfaces and rachis nearly naked ; sori 6-8 to a segm., placed in two rows filling
up nearly the whole space between midrib and edge ; invol, peltate, black in the
centre.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 34. t. 233. B.

Hab. Mexico.

39. A. (Polyst.) melanochlamys, Fee; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., erect, densely
clothed, especially below, with dark-brown fibrillose scales ; fr. 18-24 in. 1.,
9-12 in. br. ; pinnce subdistant, erecto-patent, lanceolate, the lower ones 4-6 in. 1.,
1^-2 in. br. ; pinnl. distant, f-1 in. 1., \ in. br., cut down to the rachis into close,
oblong-falcate, entire lobes ; texture herbaceous ; colour dark-green ; both
surfaces naked ; racMses fibrillose ; sori at the base of the lobes, principally in
the lower ones ; invol. peltate, black in the centre, the edge ciliated. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 35. t. 233. A. Lastrea, Moore.

Hab. Cuba, Linden, 1865, Wright, 830. — This and the preceding have the habit of
Lastrea, but peltate involucres.

40. A. (.Polyst.) multifidum, Mett. ; st. scattered, 6-12 in. 1., densely clothed
with large, ovate, nearly black scales; fr. 18-24 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate ; pinnce close, spreading, the lower ones deflexed, 3-4 in. 1., f-1 in.
br. ; pinnl. subdeltoid, close, unequal-sided, with ovate or spathulate segm., the
lower ones deeply pinnatifid, teeth not awned ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises
densely fibrillose ; sori small, scattered. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 35.

Hab. Chili, Lechler, 3060.

41. A. (Polyst.) Sikkimense, Baker; st. 12-18 in. 1., stout, striated, with
dark-brown ovate scales throughout ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 12-15 in. br., subdeltoid ;
pinnce close, lanceolate, spreading, the lowest 6-8 in. 1., 2 in. br. ; pinnl. close,
lanceolate, unequal-sided, cut down nearly to the rachis into oblong deeply
pinnatifid lobes with mucronate teeth ; texture herbaceous ; rachis slightly
scaly ; both sides naked ; sori usually one on the base of eacli ult. lobe. — Polyst.
Sikkirnense, Beddome, F. Brit. Ind. t. 127. Neph. Thomsoni, Hk. MSS.

Hab. Mon-Lepcha, Nepaul, 10-11,000 ft., Dr. Tliomson.

42. A. (Polyst. ) fceniculaceum, Hk. ; rhizome creeping; sZ. scattered, 6-12 in.
1., densely clothed below with lanceolate reddish-brown scales ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1.,
9-12 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid^ 4-5-pinnatifid ; lower pinnce 6-8 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ;
pinnl. subdeltoid, 2-3 in. 1. ; segm. close, cut down to the rachis, their lower
divisions sometimes again pinnatifid ; ult. divisions linear, 1 lin. 1., awned ;
texture subcoriaceous; surfaces glossy; rachis nearly naked; sori solitary.—
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 36. t. 237.

Hab. Sikkim, 7-10,000 ft., Hk. fil. and Thomson, 274.

43. ASPIDIUM, §§ CYRTOMIUM, §§§ CYCLODIUM. 257

§§ Cyrtomium, Presl. Veins sometimes, but not invariably, uniting slightly
towards the edge. Sp. 43-46.

43. A. (Cyrt.) abbreviation, Schrad. ; st. scattered, 1 ft. or more 1.,
smooth; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br,, simply pinnate ; pinnae 4-6 in. 1., f
linear-lanceolate acuminate, slightly stalked, the edge bluntly lobed ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces nearly naked ; sori in two irregular
rows between the primary veins, — Hk. Sp. 4. />.*38. t. 234.

Hab. W. Indies to S. Brazil. — A. Guianense, Klotzsch, is a form with free venation,

44. A. (Cyrt.) caducum, Wall* ; st, tufted, 1 ft. 1., firm, erect, stramineous,
scaly below ; fr. 1-2 ft. L, 6-9 in. br., simply pinnate, with numerous stalked
subdistant lanceolate pinnae on each side, 4-6 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge subentire, or more or less deeply lobed, sometimes down to
the rachis below ; texture coriaceous ; midrib below often fibrillose ; veins in

E innate groups which are free or anastomose slightly towards the edge ; sori
irge, in one or two rows on each side. — -Hk. Sp. 4. p. 39. Hk. fy Gr. Ic. t. 171.

Hab. Himalayas, ascending to 7,000 ft.

45. A. (Cyrt.) juglandifolium, Kze. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., clothed below
with large ovate scales ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 9-12 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce in
2 to 12 pairs, linear-lanceolate, the lower ones stalked, 4-6 in. L, f-1^ in. br.,
the apex acuminate, the edge entire or slightly toothed ; texture coriaceous ;
both surfaces naked ; veins close, pinnated, the lowest anterior branch free, the
groups free or anastomosing towards the edge ; sori copious, scattered. — Hk.
Sp. 4. p. 38.

Hab. Mexico to Venezuela. — This corresponds to the genera Amblia and Phanero-
Presl, the latter founded on a plant from which the involucre had fallen.

46. A. (Cyrt.) falcatum, Sw. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., densely clothed below
with large dark scales ; fr. 1-2 ft. L, 6-9 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce
numerous, the lower ones stalked, ovate -acuminate, falcate, 4-6 in. 1., 1-2 in.
br., the edge entire or slightly undulated, the upper side narrowed suddenly,
sometimes auricled, the lower rounded or obliquely truncate at the base ;
texture coriaceous ; both surfaces naked, the upper one glossy ; sori small,
copious, scattered. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 40. Fil. Ex. t. 92.— /3, A, caryotideum, Wall. ;
pinnce sometimes larger, sharply toothed, slightly lobed, sometimes auricled
on both sides at the base ; upper surface opaque.— Hk. 8p. 4. /. c. G. F. t. 13.

Hab. Japan, China, Himalayas (up to 8,000 ft.), Neilgherries, Sandwich Isles,
Kaffraria, Natal. — It is impossible to separate our two varieties satisfactorily. The
Japanese C. Fortunei, J. Sm., is like a, but the pinnae are narrower and opaque.

§§§ Cyclodium, PresL Veins pinnated, the opposite veinlets of contiguous
groups joining. Sp. 47-49.

47. A. (Cyclo.) meniscioides, Willd. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., scaly below ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1.,
1 ft. or more br., simply pinnated ; barren pinnce sessile, 6-9 in. 1., ]£-2 in. br.,
oblong-acuminate, nearly entire ; texture coriaceous, both surfaces naked ; fertile
pinnae much smaller ; sori in two close rows between the primary veins. —
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 36. Hk. & Gr. Ic. 121.

Hab. West Indies to Brazil and Peru.

48. A. (Cyclo.) Hookeri, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., naked, erect ; fr. 2-3 ft.
1., 1 ft. br. ; pinnce 6-8 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down to a broadly- winged rachis into
nearly, close, spreading, entire, linear-oblong lobes £ in. br. ; texture, herbaceous ;

2 K

258 43. ASPIDIUM, §§§§ EUASPIDIUM.

rachis naked, substramineous ; veinlets slightly hairy, about 10 on a side, the
lowest pairs uniting ; sori nearer the edge than the midrib ; invol. orbicular,
membranous, reddish in the centre, scariose in the outer half. — A. nephrodioides,
Uk. Sp. 4. p. 42. t. 235. (non Klotzsch}.

Hab. Malay Archipelago, Seemann. — This has entirely the habit and texture of an
ordinary Eunephrodium, but the involucre is aspidioid.

§§§§ Euaspidium. Veins anastomosing copiously. Sp. 49-55. A large number
of species placed here in Sp. Fil. which have the involucres of Nephrodium are
transferred to that genus. Aspidium, Schott.

49. A. plantagineum, Griseb. ; St. subtufted, 3-12 in. 1., often scaly throughout ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., oblong, narrowed rather suddenly at both ends, entire
or slightly sinuated ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; both sides naked ; midrib
below sometimes rather scaly ; primary veins distinct nearly to the edge, con-
nected by irregular fine areolse with free included veinlets ; sori in two rows
between each primary vein ; invol. often abortive. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 43. Poly-
podium, Jacq. Sic. A. sinuatum, Moore.

Hab. West Indies, southward to Brazil and Peru. — This belongs to the genus Bath-
mium of Fde, who makes three species, and Dryomenis and Melanopteris of J. Smith.
Till lately it has always been placed in Polypodiece.

60. A. platanifolium, Mett. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., naked, glossy, ebeneous ; fr. 6-9
in. each way, never compound, cordate, palmately 3- or 5-iobed, terminal division
subdeltoid, acuminate, lateral ones similar but smaller, basal ones sometimes
blunt ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; midrib glossy like the stem ; principal
veins distinct to the edge, connected by copious small areolse with free included
veinlets ; sori small, scattered, very abundant ; invol. often absent. — A. angu-
latum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 44. (not J. Sm.}

Hab. Malayan Islands.

51. A. angulatum, J. Sm. (not Hk.) ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., glossy, ebeneous, scaly
below ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., sometimes simple, usually with a large cordate-oblong
entire terminal pinna and 1-2 lateral ones on each side, the lowest 6-12 in. L,
2-4 in. br., often forked at the base ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; midrib
glossy, ebeneous ; primary veins distinct to the edge ; areolce fine, copious, with
free included veinlets ; sori small, scattered, very abundant ; invol. minute,
fugacious. — Polypodium, Willd.

Hab. Malayan Islands.

62. A. trifoliatum, Swz. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., brownish, scaly only at
the base ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-12 in. br., with a large ovate-acuminate terminal
pinna narrowed or forked at the base, and 1 or 2 lateral ones on each side, the
lowest* mostly forked; texture papyraceo-herbaceous; primary veins distinct to
the edge ; areolce fine, copious, with free included veinlets ; sori in rows near
the main veins ; invol. 1 lin. br., orbicular, peltate. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 45.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Mexico to Brazil and Peru. — A variable
plant. A. heracleifolium, Willd., is a form with pinnae pinnatifid on both sides at the
base, and A . fimbriatum, Willd. (A. Plumieri, Presl), a large form, with more copious
and more scattered sori, and a less distinctly peltate involucre.

53. A. repandum, Willd ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., naked, greyish-brown \fr. 2 ft. or more
1., 12-18 in. br., the apex deeply pinnatifid, with linear-oblong, slightly sinuated
lobes ; below this 4-8 pinnce on each side, 6-8 in. 1., 1^-1^ in. br., acuminate at
the point, narrowed below, the edge bluntly sinuated, the lowest stalked and
forked ; texture subcoriaceous ; main veins distinct to the edge ; areolce copious,

44. NKPliRODIUM, § LASTREA. 259

with free veinlets ; sori in two distinct rows near the main vein ; invoL orbicular,
peltate, | lin. br.— Mett. Aspid. 226.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 340. — In habit this is near Sagenia pachyphylla, and poly-
morpha, but it differs from both by its distinctly peltate involucre.

54. A. calcareum, Presl ; st. tufted, naked, 4-6 in. 1. ; Jr. 1 ft. or more 1.,
6-9 in. br., with 4-6 stalked distant pinnae on each side below the pinnatifid
apex, the lowest deltoid, 6 in. 1., 3-4 in. br, cut down to the rachis below
into stalked lanceolate- acuminate deeply and blunt-lobed pinnl.; texture sub-
coriaceous ; areolce not very abundant and mainly costular ; invol. orbicular. —
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 46.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 310.

55. A. membranaceum, Hk. ; st. tufted, about 1 ft. 1., nearly naked, with a few
spreading linear scales below ; Jr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br. ; lower pinna? much the
largest, subdeltoid, 6-8 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl. on lowest side much larger than
the others, with lanceolate-pinnatifid segm. with small oblong, sinuated lobes ;
texture thinly herbaceous ; colour pale-green ; veins anastomosing principally in
costal arches ; sori copious, principally marginal in the lobes. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 105.
A. giganteum, var. minor, Ilk. Sp. 4. p. 50.

Hab. Ceylon, Java, Philippines, W. China, Formosa. — Our description is taken from
living specimens sent by Dr. Thwaites. The involucre is truly peltate.

GEN. 44. NEPHRODIUM, Rich.

Sori subglobose, dorsal or terminal on the veinlets. Invol. cordato-reniform,
attached by the sinus. A cosmopolitan genns, the species of which vary widely in
size, texture, cutting, and venation.^ TAB. V. f. 44.

§ Lastrea, Presl. Veins all free. Sp. 1-153.
* Fronds not cut down to the main rachis. Sp. 1-3.

1. N. decursivo-pinnatum, Baker; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., with linear scales
throughout ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 3-4 in. br. ; pinnce linear, 1-2 in. 1., £ in. br.,
the edge more or less deeply pinnatifid, the bases connected by a broad lobed
wing, the lower ones gradually reduced and sometimes distinct ; texture her-
baceous ; rachis scaly ; under side slightly hairy ; lower veinlets subpinnate ;
sori copious, scattered ; invol. minute, fugacious. — Polyp. Van Hallt Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 231. 2nd Cent. t. 49. Aspid. Kze. L. decurrens, j. Stn.

Hab. Japan, China, Formosa.

2. N. (Last.) pedatum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. L, glossy, eberieous ; fr. 3-4 in.
each way, cordate-deltoid, deeply pinnatifid ; upper lobes broad, blunt, sub-
entire, lo'wer deeply lobed on the lower side ; texture coriaceous ; both sides

f The character furnished by the shape of the involucre divides the original Aspidium
into two unequal halves. The two genera thus obtained have a closely similar range of
variation in cutting and venation, and it is by no means clear in which of the two several
species should be placed. It is perhaps scarcely needful to warn the young student to
bear constantly in mind that an Aspidium with an abortive or obliterated involucre is
not distinguishable from a Desrnobryoid Polypodium. The number of species which have
been originally described as non-indusiate, in which a more or less (often very slightly)
developed involucre has been afterwards found to exist, is very considerable, and no doubt
more will be added to the list.

260 44. NEPHRODIUM. § LASTREA.

naked ; veins in pinnated groups, casually anastomosing ; sori large, in rows
near the main veins. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 84. Camptodium, Fee. Pachyderis, J. Sm.

Hab. West Indies.— Habit of Sagenia, with most but not all the sori terminal on free
veinlets.

3. N. (Last.) Sraunianum, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., naked, ebeneous ; fr.
12-15 in. 1., 9 in. br., subdeltoid, cut down to a rachis with a broad lobed wing
into pinnatifid pinnae, of which the lowest pair is much the largest, with the
pinnl. of the lower side much developed, the lowest 2-3 in. 1., again deeply
pinnatifid, with toothed oblong lobes % in. br. ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ;
rachis and under side pilose on the veins ; veinlets of the ult. lobes forked ; sori
small, copious, terminal on the veins. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 84.

Hab. Columbia. — This also, like the last, has the general habit of Sagenia.

** Pinnce entire or lobed less than one-third of the way down to the midrib.
Sp. 4-13.

4. N. (Last.) pusittum, Baker ; st. tufted, 4-12 in. 1., stramineous, pubescent ;
fr. 3-12 in. 1., 1 in. br., linear, proliferous from the axils of the upper pinnae ;
pinnae numerous, J-£ in. 1., § in. br., oblong, obtuse, the edge slightly crenate,
the base truncate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and under surface pubescent ;
veins simple or the lower ones forked ; sori medial ; invol. membranous, densely
pilose.— Aspid. Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 21G.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig, 92.

5. N. (Last.) semihastatum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., slender, villose ; fr. 6-8
in. L, 1^ in. br., oblong-lanceolate ; pinnae close, f in. 1., J in. br., blunt, the
edge slightly sinuated, bluntly auricled at the base, the lower ones growing
smaller gradually, lowest pair deflexed ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis
and under surface villose ; upper veins forked, lower slightly pinnated ; sori
small, scattered. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 87.

Hab. Peru, Pceppig.

6. N. (Last.) decipiens, Hk. ; st. wiry, substramineous ; fr. 8-10 in. L, 4-5 in.
br., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinnae spreading, 2-3 in. 1., f in. br., the edge very
slightly and broadly toothed ; lower pair stalked, about equalling the next ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis slightly fibrillose ; both surfaces naked ; veins
pinnated, inconspicuous ; sori in two rows near the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 86.
t. 243.

Hab. China, Alexander.

7. N. (Last.) cuspidatum, Baker; st. 1 ft. or more 1., naked, densely scaly at
the base ; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 8-12 in. br. ; pinnae 4-6 in. 1., \ in. br., the edge sharply
inciso-serrated to depth of ^-1 lin. ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous or sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veins in pinnated groups with 3-4
veinlets on a side : invol. fugacious. — Aspid. Mett. Polyp, elongatum, Wall.
Hk.Sp.±.p.234:.

Hab. N. India, Ceylon. — Specimens recently received show the involucre clearly.

8. N. (Last.) podophyllum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1., naked upwards, scales at
the base black and fibrillose ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinnae 4-8 on each
side, erecto-patent, 4-6 in. 1., £-f in. br., the edge nearly entire or with shallow,
broad, blunt lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ;
veins pinnate in the lobes, with 2-4 veinlets on a side, with sometimes a sorus on
each distant from the main vein. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 87.

44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 261

Hab. Chusan and Hong-Kong. — This and the next differ from the rest of the group by
having a distinct terminal pinna similar to the lateral ones. In the others the apex of
the frond is pinnatifid.

9. N. (Last.) Sieboldii, Hk. ; caud. tufted, with large brown lanceolate scales ;
st. 6-12 in. 1., scaly below ; fr. with an entire or slightly toothed lanceolate-
oblong terminal pinna 8-12 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., and 2-4 similar ones on eacH
side, the lowest shortly stalked ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; veins in pinnated groups ; sori large, copious, scattered. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 87. Fil. Ex. t. 31. Pycnopteris, Moore.

Hab. Japan. — Pinnae larger and fewer than in the last, and scales different.

10. N. (Last.) hirtipes, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., densely clothed with
long, blackish, fibrillose scales ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 8-10 in. br. ; pinnce 4-8 in. 1.,
f-f in. br., with broad blunt lobes reaching from a quarter to a third down,
lower ones not reduced ; texture herbaceous ; rachises fibrillose like the stem ;
both surfaces naked ; veinlets 4-5 on a side ; sori medial. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 115.
t. 249. A. atratum, Watt.

Hab. Himalayas (up to 6,000 ft.) to Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula and Isles. — This con-
siderably resembles N. Filix-mas in general habit.

11. N. (Last.) subbiauritum, Hk. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., jointed about halfway down,
firm, nearly naked ; fr. 12-15 in. 1., 4 in. br. ; pinnce close, spreading, the
longest 2 in. 1., \ in. br., the edge with shallow, blunt lobes, those on both
sides at the base larger than the others ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and
under side pubescent ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 3-5 veinlets on a side ;
sori terminal on the veinlets. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 85.

Hab. Bourbon. — This comes nearest N. allopunctatum, and has similar white creta-
ceous dots above, and a jointed stem, so that it belongs to Arthropteris of J. Smith.

12. N. (Last.) punctulatum, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 6-9 in. 1., dark
chesnut-brown, naked ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 4 in. br. ; pinnce 2-2% in. 1., f-f in.
br., bluntly lobed about a quarter of the way down in the lower part ; texture
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked, the upper marked with white
cretaceous dots ; veins in pinnated groups with 4-5 veinlets on a side ; sori
terminating lateral veinlets ; invol. distinctly stalked, persistent.

Hab. Cameroon Mountains (4,500 ft.), 0. Mann. — This has very distinct white dots
above, but the stem does not appear to be jointed.

13. N. (Last.) macrotis, Hk. ; st. tufted, 12-18 in. 1., slender, pubescent ; fr.
18-24 in. 1., 8-10 in. br. ; pinnce 4-5 in. 1., f-f in. br., cut about a quarter of the
way down into blunt lobes, the apex acuminate, entire, the base with a large
auricle (J-J. in. 1.) on the upper side, all falcate, and the lower ones much
cleflexed ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and under side pubescent ; veinlets 3-4
on each side ; sori in rows near the main veins. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 86. t. 242. B.

Hab. E. Peru, Spruce, 3979.— In habit this is most like N. refractum, but different in
colour and clothing. The groups of veins join not urifrequently.

*** Pinnce cut more than halfway down to the rachis into close, regular, entire,
or nearly entire lobes. Sp. 14-73.

f Veinlets simple. Sp. 14-65. Involucre in many, but not all the species, thin
and fugacious.

A. Group of N. patens. Lower pinnce hardly, if at all, reduced. Sp. 14-43.

14. N. (Last.) subobliquatum, Baker; st. 12-18 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr.
1^-2 ft, 1., 6-10 in. br. ; pinnce 3-5 in. 1., f-1 in. br., unequal-sided below, the

44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

inner edge of the upper side parallel with the rachis, of the under side oblique,
the margin cut about halfway down or at the base quite to the midrib into close
blunt lobes, the lower pinnae distinctly stalked ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and
both surfaces naked ; veinlets 4-6 on a side ; sori medial ; invol. firm, naked. —
Polyp. We. Sp. 4. p. 240.

Hab. Guiana and the Amazon Valley. — Specimens recently received from Appun
show the involucre clearly. It is not unlikely to be Willdenow's A. emarginatum.

15. N. (Last.) insiffne, Baker ; fr. 1 ft. 1., 9 in. br. ; pinnae opposite, sub-
distant, sessile, 5 in. Ju, 1^ in. br., cut down two-thirds of the way to the rachis
into close, oblong, obtuse lobes, the lower ones deflexed ; texture thin, both sides
naked ; rachis smooth, stramineous ; veins 12-16 on a side ; sori medial ; invol.
minute, slightly hairy. — Aspid. Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 247.

Hab. New Granada, Triana. — Approaches N. brachyodon in habit.

16. N. (Last.) gracilescens, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender,
naked ; fr. 1 ft. "or more 1., 6 in. br. ; pinnce 2-3 in. 1., f-£ in. br., cut down
within a short distance of the rachis into close, linear-oblong entire lobes ^ in.
br., the lowest pair deflexed ; rachis and both sides nearly naked ; veinlets 4-6
on a side ; sori nearly terminal ; invol. naked. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 93. — /3, N. glandu-
ligerum, Kze. (sub Aspid.) ; rachis hairy ; under surface slightly glandular ; invol.
ciliated.

Hab. Java ; /3, Japan, China, N. India. — Habit of N. Thelypteris, but a smaller plant,
with veinlets always simple.

17. N. (Last.) chrysolobum, Fe'e ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., slender, villose, scaly
below ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; pinnce 1^-2 in. 1., ^ in. br., cut down nearly to
the rachis into close, blunt, entire lobes £ in. br., the lowest pair deflexed and
slightly stalked ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and under surface slightly villose
and glandular ; veinlets 6-8 on a side, with the sori near their apex. — Mett.
Lips. p. 90.

Hab. Brazil and Columbia. — A. Schottianum, Kze., is a form with slightly toothed
lobes. Most like N. falciculatum, but much smaller and less glandular.

18. N. (Last.) macrourum, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., substramineons, nearly
naked ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 18-24 in. br. ; pinnce 8-12 in. 1., ]^ in. br., cut down nearly
to the rachis into subfalcate entire lobes 2 lin. br., with a space between them,
the basal lobes enlarged and pinnatifid ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and under
side finely villose ; veinlets 10-15 on a side, the sori about midway between the
edge and midrib. — Aspid. Kaulf. N. schizotis, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 107.

Hab. Brazil, Burchell, 752 ; E. Peru, Spruce, 4030 ; Caraccas, Birschell— Doubtfully
distinct from N* patens. The lobes are not so deep, and very falcate, and the lowest lobe
on one or both sides is dilated and pinnatifid. Probably this is A. stipulare, Willd., but
none of our specimens have the dilated lobes nearly so large as in Plumier's t. 23.

19. N. (Last.) patens, Desv. ; rhizome oblique ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., naked or
slightly pubescent ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinnce 4-9 in. 1., |-f in. br., cut
down about three-quarters of the space to the rachis into linear-oblong subfalcate
lobes, the lowest lobes not diminished ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and surfaces
more or less viilose ; veinlets 6-12 on a side ; sori nearer the edge than the
midrib ; invol. persistent. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 95.

Hab. Florida and Texas to Bio and Chili ; Polynesia, Japan, Zambesi-land, Angola,
St. Helena. This has the general habit and soft herbaceous texture of molle, and it is
not always easy to separate them. N. patens, J. Sm., is intermediate between the two,
having an erect caudex, with the lowest pair of veins joining. A. albicaule, Fe'e, seems
to belong here, and N. pilosulum (Hk. Sp. 4. p. 102) to be a more hairy form than usual.

44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 263

A. Brackenridgii, Mett., from Polynesia, is said to differ by its reduced lower lobes, and
the presence of a small black gland at the base of the midrib of the pinnse.

20. N. (Last.) attenuatum, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., firm, glossy, naked ;
fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 2 ft. br. ; pinnae 9-12 in. 1., f-£ in. br., very acuminate at the point,
the edge cut three-quarters of the way down into entire, spreading, blunt lobes
1 lin. br., the basal lobes much reduced, lower pinnse slightly stalked ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis naked ; under surface glandular ; veinlets 12-16 on a
side ; sori in a close row near the midrib. — Lastrea, J. Sm. (not Brack.)

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 327. — Habit of Didymochlcena polycarpa.

21. N. (Last.) abruptum, Baker; st. 1^ ft. L, angular, slightly villose above ;
fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnae 6-8 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down to a broad lv-

winged rachis into close, acute, falcate, entire lobes i in. br., the basal lobes
rather reduced, and the pinnae on the upper side cut off in a slight curve ; texture
subcoriaceous, rigid ; rachis and both surfaces nearly naked ; veinlets prominent,
12-16 on a side, with the sori near the apex. — Aspid. Kze. Mett. (iion Blume).

Hab. Peru. — General habit and texture of N. invisum.

22. N. (Last.) invisum, Baker ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, scaly ; st. 1-2 ft.
1., smooth ; fr. 3-4 ft. L, 1-2 ft. br. ; pinnae 6-12 in. L, ^-f in. br., cut down
nearly to the rachis into entire, linear-subfalcate lobes 1 lin. br., the basal ones
the largest ; texture subcoriaceous, rigid ; rachis and under surface naked or
finely villose ; veinlets 10-15 on a side, with the sori midway between the edge
and midrib. — Polyp. Swz. N. macrourum and Serra, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 96-8.

Hab. Mexico and Cuba, southward to Brazil and Peru. — A larger and more rigid
plant than iV. patens, with narrower and more acute lobes, and closer and more pro-
minent veiulets.

23. N. (Last.) immersum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 2 ft. 1., or more, naked, sub-
stramineous ; fr. 3-4 ft. L, ]-2 ft. br. ; pinnae often 1 ft. 1., 1-1 £ in. br., cut
down very nearly to the rachis into spreading linear lobes 1 lin. br., with more
than their own space between them ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and
under surface naked or slightly pubescent and glandular; veinlets 10-20 on a
side ; sori submarsjinal, immersed so as to project on the upper surface ; invol.
subpeltate.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 112.

Hab. Assam, Philippines, Malaccas. — Perhaps the shape of the involucre would jus-
tify our placing this in Aspidium, but in other respects it comes near the following four
species. L. caudiculata, Presl, is said to differ from this by its medial sori.

24. N. (Last.) SpeJcei, Baker ; st. 1 ft. 1., stramineous, slender, fibrillose ; fr.
18-24 in. 1., 9-12 in. br. ; pinnae 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down very nearly to
the rachis, entire, those of the fertile frond 1 lin. br., those of the barren frond
wider ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; main rachis and that of the pinnse slightly
fibrillose ; under side naked ; veinlets 8^-12 on a side ; sori midway between the
edge and midrib ; invol. subpeltate.

Hab. Johanna Island, Capt. Speke, Dr. Kirk ; Angola, Welwitzsch. — This comes near
the last, but the texture is Dinner, the veinlets are fewer, and the sori medial, and not
immersed. A plant from the Cameroon Mountains differs only by its more scaly
rachises.

25. N. (Last.) crinibulbon, Hk. ; st. 9-12 in. 1., tufted, slender, glanduloso-
pilose, and fibrillose, especially below ; st. 1 ft. L, 6 in. br. ; pinnce spreading,
3 in. 1., f -f in. br., cut down very nearly to the rachis into linear-oblong entire
lobes | in. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis fibrillose and viscose, and midrib
beneath slightly so ; veinlets 5-6 on each side, with the sori nearly terminal. —
Ilk. Sp. 4. p. 92. t. 244.

264 44. UEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

Hab. Island of St. Thomas, W. Africa, Q. Mann. — Very near N. Spekei, but smaller
in size, the veinlets fewer, and the rachises densely fibrillose and glandular, and sori
submarginal.

26. N. (Last.) ligulatum, Hk. ; st. grey, glossy, naked ; fr. 8-4 ft. 1., 12-18 in.
br. ; pinnae 6-9 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down very nearly to the rachis into linear,
blunt, entire, erecto-patent lobes 1 lin. br., with more than their own space
between them, lower ones slightly reduced ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and
under side finely pubescent ; veinlets 10-] 2 on a side; sori quite marginal. —
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 112.

Hab. Philippines, Owning, 94, 343.— Allied to the three preceding.

27. N. (Last.) obliquatum, Baker ; rhizome creeping ; st. 8 in. 1., reddish^
densely pubescent ; fr. 1 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br., ovate-acuminate ; pinnce lanceolate,
cut down to a narrowly-winged rachis into close linear-oblong entire lobes ;
texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; under surface and rachis densely villose ; veinlets
6-8 on a side, bearing the sori near the apex. — Aspid. Mett. FiL Nov. Cal. p. 76.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 1628.— Allied to species 23-27, but recognizable by
its villose stems and frond.

28. N. (Last.) albo-punctatum, Desv. ; rhizome wide-creeping, scandent, scaly
or naked ; st. naked, greyish or ebeneous, jointed ; fr. 9-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br. ;
pinnce spreading, 2-3 in. 1., ^ in. br., cut half down to the rachis or more into
oblong, blunt, entire lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachis pubescent and under side
slightly so ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 3-4 veinlets on each side ; sori
terminal on the veinlets near the edge. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 85. FiL Ex. t. 89.
Arthropteris, J. Sm.

Hab. Guinea Coast, Angola, Mascaren Isles, Fiji. — The pinnae have white cretaceous
dots on the upper surface, as in Nephrolepis. N. Webbianum, Hk., from Amboyna,
appears to be a form of this, with a glabrous rachis and pinnae less deeply lobed than the
type.

29. N. (Last.) calcaratum, Hk. ; st. densely tufted, stramineous, villose
above ; st. 1 ft. 1., 3-6 in. br. ; pinnce spreading, 2-4 in. 1., §-| in. br., cut
down two-thirds or more to the rachis into oblique, subfalcate, linear-oblong,
acute or blunt lobes ; colour dark-green ; rachis villose ; texture herbaceous or
subcoriaceous ; under side more or less villose ; veinlets 3-6 on each side ; sori
medial ; invol. glabrous, persistent. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 93. N. falcilobum, Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 108.

Hab. N. India to Ceylon, Hong-Kong, Philippines, Malaccas. — A well-marked plant,
with a considerable range of variation in cutting and texture. The lower pinnae are
sometimes but not usually reduced. N. falcilobum is a form with broader pinnae and
deeper and more spreading lobes than usual.

30. N. (Last.) viscosmn, Baker ; st. 6 in. or more 1., firm, erect, reddish- brown,
slightly scaly, finely villose ; fr. 9-12 in. 1., 4-5 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ;
pinnce close, 2-3 in. 1., §-£ in. br., cut nearly to the rachis into close, spreading
linear-oblong lobes under 1 lin. br. ; texture herbaceous ; colour dark-green ;
rachises villose ; under surface densely glandular ; veinlets 5-6 on a side ; sori
medial. — Lastrea, J. Sm.

Hab. Malacca, Cuming, 401 ; Philippines and Borneo, T. Lobb.

31. N. (Last.) falciculatum, Desv. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., clothed below with
dark-brown linear scales; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 8-10 in. br., oblong-deltoid ; pinnce
4-5 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down very nearly to the rachis into linear-oblong entire
falcate lobes 1^-2 lin. br., the lower ones not reduced ; texture herbaceous ;

44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 265

rachises slightly fibrillose, and both sides densely pubescent and glandular ;
veinlets 8-10 on a side ; sort large, submarginal. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 102.

Hab. Mexico to Brazil and Peru.

32. N. (Last.) vestitum, Baker ; sL 6-12 in. 1., stout, densely coated with
woolly lanceolate scales ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-10 in. br. ; pinnae 3-5 in. 1., |-1 in. br.;-
cut down to a narrowly-winged rachis into blunt, entire, falcate lobes 2 lin. br. ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis of the pinnae densely clothed with broad furfuraceous
scales ; veinlets 6-8 on a side, the sori close to the midrib. — Polyp. Raddi.
N. Raddiammi, Hk. Sp. 4.^,98. t. 245.

Hab. S. Brazil. — The Mauritian A. nitidum, Bory, is like this, except" that the scales
are narrower and finer, and with this a Brazilian plant, marked "A. sguamigerum" by
Mettenius, agrees.

33. N. (Last.) crinitum, Desv. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., stout, densely clothed with
long-, purplish-brown, fibrillose scales ;/r. 12-24 in. 1., 8-12 in. br., ovate-deltoid ;
pinnae 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into slightly falcate,
linear-oblong lobes 2 lin. br. ; lower pinnae deflexed ; texture herbaceous ; rachis
and midrib more or less fibrillose ; veinlets 9-1 2 on a side ; sori medial. — Hk. Sp.
4. p. 111. (in part}. A. sulcatum, Klf.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon. — This and the two preceding resemble one another
closely in habit, texture, and shape of the lobes, and in all three the involucre is thin
and fugacious. In A. pauciflorum, Kaulf., the scales are fewer, aud not so distinctly
subulate, but they do not seem clearly separable.

34. N. (Last.) Ctenitis, Baker ; st. more than 1 ft. 1., clothed throughout with
black and ferruginous scales ; fr. 2 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnae 8-9 in. 1.,
Ij-l^r in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into obtusely-toothed lobes, the lower
ones "with a space between them, the lower pinnae stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ;
upper surface with scattered short ferruginous hairs, lower with dark scales on
the midrib ; veinlets about 15 on a side -^ sori near the main veins ; invol. per-
sistent, glabrous. — Aspid. Kze* Mett. Asp. p. 91.

Hab. Brazil.

35. N. (Last.) vetteum, Baker ; st. 6 in. 1., densely clothed, especially at the
base, with long linear scales • fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br. ; pinnae 3-4 in. 1., f-1 in.
br., cut down to the rachis into linear-oblong lobes 1^-2 lin. br. ; texture
herbaceous ; undsr side naked ; rachises densely clothed witli long, pale, bright-
brown fibrillose scales ; veinlets 7-8 on a side, the sori close to the midrib. —
Aspid. Willd. N. aureo-vestitum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 101. t. 246.

Hab. West Indies. — This most resembles the three preceding, but the frond is nar-
rower and more elongated, and the clothing of the rachis is quite peculiar.

36. N. (Last.) Caripcnse, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or more L, firm, clothed principally at
the base with long, dense, linear scales ; fr. 1^-2 ft. L, 8-12 in. br. ; pinnae 4-6
in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into close, blunt, entire
lobes .2 lin. br., the lower lobes reduced and lower pinnae slightly stalked;
texture firm ; rachis nearly and both sides quite naked ; veinlets 12-J5 on a side ;
sori medial ; invol. smaH, fugacious. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 99. N. Tarapotense, Hk.
Sp. 4. p. 107.

Hab. Guatemala to Brazil and Peru. — A. alsophilaceum of Kunze and Mettenius- is
said to differ by its more rigid texture, and lobes not reaching more than halfway down
to the midrib, with 9-10 veinlets on a side.

37. N. (Last.) trichophoriiin, Baker; rhizome creeping; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm,
pubescent upwards; fr. 12-18 in. L, 8-9 in. br. ; pinnas 4-5 in. L, -f~£ in. br.,

2 L

266 44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

gradually narrowed from the base to the acuminate apex, all sessile, cut down
very nearly to the rachis into erecto-patent, blunt, entire lobes 2 lin. br. ; texture
coriaceous ; rachis and veins beneath densely villose ; veinlets 6-8 on a side ; sori
marginal ; invol. large, persistent, villose. — Aspid. Fee, Fil. Ant. t. 23.

Hab. Guadeloupe, L'fferminier. — A. Capitainei and Germani, Fe*e, are very closely
allied, but in both the veinlets are 9-10 in number, and in the latter the caudex is said to
be erect. A. asperulum, Fe"e, has narrower pinnae and a decumbent caudex. All four
are from Ihe same island.

38. N. (Last.) triste, Hk. ; St. 1 ft. or more 1., naked or slightly villose ; fr.
2-4 ft. 1., 8-18 in. br. ; pinnce 4-9 in. 1., 1-l^r in. br., cut down two-thirds of the
distance to the rachis into entire, bluntish or acute, subfalcate lobes 2-3 lin. br.,
the lower ones with a distinct stalk and the lowest lobe narrowed out into a
decurrent cuneate wing to it ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and veins beneath
finely villose ; veinlets 12-15 on a side ; sori medial ; invol. small, fugacious. —
Hk.'Sp.±.p. 104.

Hab. Columbia to Peru and Brazil. — Distinguished by its rigid texture and the distinct
stalk of the lower pinnse, the pagina of which is narrowed down gradually into it. A
pbuit authenticated by Mettenius as A. monostichum, Kze., seems to differ from this only
by the sori being confined to one at each side of each lobe at the base.

30. N. (Last.) tetragonum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., finely pubescent ;
fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., oblong-deltoid ; pinnce 4-6 in. 1., f-1 in. br., cut half-
way down to the rachis or more into close entire lobes 1^-2 lin. br., the lower
lobes gradually reduced and lower pinnse distinctly stalked ; texture papyraceo-
herhaceous ; rachis and veins beneath pubescent ; veinlets 8-12 on a side ; sori
medial ; invol. small, setose. — HJc. Sp. 4. p. 103.

Hab. Columbia to Peru and Brazil. — This agrees with the last in the character of the
lower pinnse, but the lobes are shorter and blunter, and the texture is more herbaceous.
We cannot clearly distinguish A. lugiibre, Mett., although favoured with an authentic
specimen.

40. N. (Last.) crassifolium, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., glossy, slightly
villose ; fr. If -2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinnce 4-6 in. 1., 1-1| in. br. ; lobes blunt,
falcate, 2-3 lin. br., reaching from half to two-thirds down to the rachis, the
lower ones distinctly stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides glossy, but the
rachises finely villose ; veinlets 10-12 on a side, with the sori close to the midrib. —
Hk.Sp.kp. 114.

Hab. Philippines and Malaccas. — A closely-allied plant from Borneo (N. Moileyanum,
Hk. MSS.) has the pinnse not cut more than halfway down, with medial sori, with the
groups of veinlets free in the fertile, but invariably anastomosing in the barren frond.

41. N. (Last.) echinatum, Baker; st. 1 ft. 1., clothed with long, spreading,
brown, lanceolate-subulate scales, scabrous when they fall ; fr. 1 ft. 1., 8-9 in.
br., lanceolate-deltoid ; lowest pinnce stalked, 5 in. 1., 7 lin. br., cut down to a
narrowly-winged rachis into close, linear-oblong, entire lobes ; texture coriaceous ;
rachis scaly like the stem ; under surface thinly pubescent and glandular ;
veinlets 7-8 on a side ; scri nearer the midrib than the edge. — Aspid. Mett. Fil.
Ind.p.ZW.

Hab. Borneo, Korihals. — In this, as in the three preceding, the lowest veinlets some-
times join.

42. N. (Lnst.) Leprieurii, Ilk. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., grey, deciduously villose ; fr. 2-3
ft. 1., 12-15 in. br. ; pinnce 6-8 in. ]., l£ in. br., cut down within a short distance
of the rachis into entire subfalcate lobes 2 lin. br., furnished with a prominent
gland at the -base, the lower ones setaile and lower lobes scarcely reduced ;

44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTKEA. 267

texture coriaceous ; racJiis and under side finely villose ; veinlets prominent, about
12 on a side ; sori medial ; invol. firm, villose. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 106.

Hab. Guiana, Leprieur ; Andes of N. E. Peru, Spruce.

43. N. (Last.) subfuscum, Baker ; st. I ft. or more 1., greyish, villose ; fr. 2-3
ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnce 6-8 in. 1., 1 in. or more br., cut down to a
broadly-winged rachis into spreading, blunt, entire lobes 2 lin. br., with a large
acute gland at the base, the lower ones sessile and lower lobes not reduced ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis and under side finely villose ; veinlets immersed, about
8 on a side ; sori medial ; invol. small, fugacious.

Hab. Cayenne, Leprieur.

B. Group ofN. conterminum. Lower pinnce conspicuously reduced. Sp. 44-65.

44. N. (Last.) sanctum, Baker; st. densely tufted, slender, 2-3 in. L, naked
upwards ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., lanceolate ; pinnce distant, ^-1 in. 1.,
l|-3 lin. br., the point bluntish, the edge more or less deeply pinnatifid, the
lobes sometimes close and linear-oblong, sometimes distinct, linear, or spathulate ;
texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis naked ; under side slightly glandular ;
veinlets simple ; sori minute ; invol. very fugacious. — Polyp. Sw. Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 252.

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala.

45. N. (Last.) exiguum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. L, slender, grey, naked ;
fr. 8-10 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br. ; pinnce 1 in. L, J-f in. br., blunt, cut down halfway
to the rachis or more into close blunt lobes ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ;
rachis villose ; veinlets obscure, 2-3 on each side ; sori near the midrib. — Hk.
Sp. 4. p. 92.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 251, 272. — An obscure plant.

46. N. (Last.) canum, Baker ; st. densely tufted, 6-8 in. L, slender, finely
villose ; fr. 8-12 in. L, 3-4 in. br. ; central pinnce 2 in. 1., ^ in. br., gradually
narrowed from the base to the point, cut down nearly to the rachis into close,
slightly crenated lobes ^ in. br. ; lower pinnce distant and dwindling down
gradually ; texture herbaceous ; rachis slender, finely villose, and both sides
slightly "so ; veinlets 6-8 on a side ; sori submarginal ; invol. thin, fugacious. —
Lastrea, J. Sm.

Hab. Himalayas. — Habit of N. molle, but a more slender plant, with gradually-reduced
lower pinnse and free veins. If it is Wallich's canum at all, it is so in part only, as some
of the specimens clearly belong to N. molle.

47. N. (Last.) Beddomei, Baker ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st. 6-9 in.
L, slender, glossy; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-4in.br., oblong-lanceolate; central pinnce
the largest, 1^-2 in. 1., § in. br., cut down to the rachis into close, rather acute,
entire lobes under 1 lin. br. ; lower pinnce distant and dwindling down very
gradually ; texture firm ; veins beneath villose ; veinlets 4-5 on a side, the sori
close to the incurved margin. — A. gracilescens, Thwaites (vion Blume], L. gra-
cilescens, Beddome, t. 110.

Hab. Neilgherries, Ceylon (C. P. 1287), and Java. — This comes nearest the next
species, but is smaller and more slender, with much fewer veins, and the texture is
firmer.

48. N. (Last.) Noveboracense, Desv. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st.
about 1 ft. 1., slender, stramineous ; fr. 1-2 ft. L, 4-6 in. br. ; pinnce spreading,
2-3 in. L, \ in. br., cut down very nearly to the rachis into linear-oblong lobes,

238 44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

those of the barren frond the broadest ; lower pimice small, deflexed ; vein-lets
rarely forked, G- 10 on a side ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ;
sori soon confluent, in rows near the flat edge. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 89.

Hab. Canada and United States. — Habit of N. Tkdypteris, from which it may be
known by its simple veins and reduced lower pinuae.

49. N. (Last.) contcrminum, Desv. ; st. densely tufted, 6-9 in. ]., naked or
villose ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ; central pinnae the longest,
2-4 in. ].", | in. br., cut down to the rachis into entire lobes about 1 lin. br., the
lowest lobes often enlarged, the lower pinnae decreasing gradually ; texture
herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; rachis naked or pubescent ; under surface often
slightly villose and glandular ; veinlets 6-8 on a side ; sori submarginal ; invol.
minute, fugacious. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 91.

Hab. W. Indies and Mexico, southward to Brazil, Chili, and Bourbon. — This, 'which
appears to be abundant throughout Central America, has the general habit of N. The-
lypteris and Noveboracense, with an erect caudex. We cannot distinguish clearly A. oliyo-
carpum, Kth., A. Funckii, Mett., and A. pilosulum, Klotzsch. Fe'e makes of this a
genus Oochlamys, characterized by an involucre receding from that of typical Nephrodium
towards Aspidium, and enumerates seven West-Indian species.

50. N. (Last.) Kaulfusii, Hk. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., slender, slightly pubescent ;
fr. 1-^-2 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br., oblong-lanceolate; pinnae 8-4 in. 1., -|-f- in. br., cut
down nearly to the rachis into spreading, entire blunt lobes 2 lin. br., the
lower lobes not enlarged and lower pinnse dwindling down gradually ; texture
herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; rachis and under surface finely pubescent ; veinlets
about 6 on a side ; sori medial ; invol. fugacious. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 97.

Hab. West Indies to Brazil. — This differs from the last by its broader lobes and medial
sori. Both Mettenius and Grisebach unite it with oligocarpum.

51. N. (Last.) concinnum, Baker; rhizome wide-creeping; st, 6-12 in. ].,
naked or slightly pubescent ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br., oblong- lanceolate ; pinnae
3-4 in. 1., f-1 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into spreading or falcate
entire lobes £ in. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and under surface slightly
villose; veinlets 6-8 on a side; sori submarginal ; invol. minute, ciliated,
fugacious..— Polyp. Willd.

Hab. Mexico to Chili. — This may be best known from the two preceding by its creeping
rhizome. A. rivulorum, Link, is said to differ by its medial sori, and the presence of a
gland at the base of the pinnae beneath ; and Pheg. adenochrysa, Fee, may be this without
an involucre.

52. N. (Last.) Sprengelii, Hk. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., stramineous, nakedjor slightly
pubescent; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., often 1 ft. br. ; pinnce 6-8 in. 1., 1 in. br." cut down
nearly to the rachis into entire lobes 1-1^ lin. br., the lower ones with a gland at
the base beneath; texture herbaceous or subcoriaceous; under surface naked or
slightly villose and glandular ; veinlets 8-12 on a side; sori submarginal. — •
Hk, Sp. 4. p. 94.

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala. — A much larger plant than N. conterminum, with a
basal gl.ind, and nearly twice as many veiulets.

53. N. (Last.) prolixum. Baker ; st. 1-2 ft. L, firm, glossy, substramineous,
naked or nearly so ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinnce 4-8 in. 1., |-1 in. br., cut
down nearly to the rachis into entire or bluntish, often falcate lobes 1-1^ lin.
br., with a prominent gland at the base beneath, the lower ones gradually
reduced ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and under side more or less villose ;
veinlets prominent, 10-15 on k side ; sori submarginal. — Aspid. Willd. N.
ochthodes, Hk. Sv. 4. «?. 109. N. appendiculatum, Hk. 1. c. — (3, N. tylodes (Kzc.

44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 269

sub Asp.)- sori in a line close to the midrib; rachis and under side nearly
naked ; lower pinnae reduced suddenly.

Hab. N. India to Ceylon, Mauritius, and Bourbon. — The Mascaren plant ( A . stipulaceum,
Mett.) has the lowest lobes sometimes dilated and pinnatifid, like those of N. macrourum.
Dr. Thwaites regards tylodes and ochthodes as probably distinct species. The two are
figured by Beddome, t. 106-7.

54. N. (Last.) limbatum, Desv. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., naked, glossy ; fr, 2-3 ft. 1.,
6-12 in. br. ; pinnce 3-6 in. 1., f-f in. br., with a gland at the^base beneath, cut
down very nearly to the rachis into slightly falcate, entire, linear-oblong lobes
1-1 1 lin. br. ; 'texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis stramineous and both
surfaces nearly naked ; veinlets 6-10 on a side, the prominent persistent invo-
lucres protruding beyond the edge. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 94. Atnauropelta, Kze.

Hab. West Indies. — Easily recognizable by the character of the involucre, on account
of which Kunze made for it a new genus.

55. N. (Last.) resino-fcetidum, Hk. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., naked, scaly below ; fr. 3-4
ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ; pinnce 6-9 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into
close, linear, acute, entire lobes ^ in. br., with a space between them, furnished
with a gland at the base, the lower ones reduced to mere auricles ; texture
coriaceous ; racMs and under side naked or finely villose ; veinlets 10-15 on a
side; sori subinarginal ; edge reflexed. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 105. (in part).

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Spruce ; Bolivia, Mandon. — This is nearest N. Sprengelii, but
is a larger and more rigid plant, with very numerous lobes and veinlets. It is said to
bave an unpleasant resinous scent when growing.

56. N. (Last.) Sprucei, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., nearly, naked ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1.,
8-12 in. br. ; pinnce 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into entire,
spreading lobes 2 lin. br., with a considerable space between them, furnished
with a gland at the base, the lower ones dwindling down gradually ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis slightly villose ; under side naked ; veinlets 8-10
on a side ; sori nearer the midrib thaii the edge ; invol. large, distinct.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Spruce. — Distinguished from the last by its more herbaceous
texture, broader lobes, fewer veinlets, and medial sori.

57. N. (Last.) Bergianum, Baker ; st. 6-12 in. 1., naked or finely villose; fr.
1^-2 ft. 1., 6-10 in. br. ; pinnce 3-5 in. 1., f in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis
into close, entire lobes ^ in. br. ; texture herbaceous : rachis and under side more
or less villose ; veinlets 6-8 on a side ; sori medial ; invol. small, fugacious. —
Polyp. Schlecht.

Hab. Cape Colony and Natal — Perhaps a variety of N. patens, but the lower pinnae
reduced gradually. A. Giieintzianum, Mett., differs by the presence of a gland at the
base of the pinnae beneath.

5H. N. (Last.) tomentosum, Baker ; st. densely tufted, 3-4 in. 1., finely villose ;
fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-10 in. br. ; pinnce 3-5 in. 1., f-1 in. br., with a gland at the base
beneath, cut down nearly to the rachis into linear-oblong lobes, the lowest of
which are often larger than the others ; texture herbaceous ; lower pinnse distant,
and dwarfed down to mere auricles ; rachis and under surface villose ; veinlets
8-12 on a side; sori nearly terminal. — Polvp. Thouars. N. thelypteroides,
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 95. (non Michx.).

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, Tristan d'Acunha. — This may be a luxuriant villose variety
of conterminum.

5D. N. (Last.) globuliferum, Hk. ; st. tufted, smooth, naked, glossy ; fr. 1^-2
ft. I., 1 ft. br. ; pinnce 4-6 in. 1., f in. br., cut down to a broadly- winged rachis

270 44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

into close, distinctly-crenated lobes 1^-2 lin. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rackis
and under surface not hairy, but densely coated with golden viscose glands ;
veinlets 6-8 on a side ; sori marginal ; invoL persistent, gland-ciliated. — Hk. Sp.
4.p.QQ.

Hab. Sandwich Isles, Brackenridge, Hillebrand.

60. N. (Last.) velatum, Hk. ; st. 3-4 in. 1., densely clothed with large, ovate,
pale-brown scales ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 4-6 in. br., lanceolate-oblong ; pinnce 2-3 in. 1.,
\ in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into blunt, oblong, slightly-crenated
lobes ^ in. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis densely scaly, like the stem ; veins
5-6 on a side ; sori marginal. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 101. t. 247.

Hab. Cuba, Linden, 1901. — Well marked in the group by its very scaly rachis.

61. N. (Last.) palustre, Baker; st. 1 ft. or more 1., naked, stramineous ; fr.
2-3 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinnae close, erecto-patent, 4-6 in. 1., f in. br., cut down
nearly to the rachis into linear-oblong, entire, slightly-falcate lobes ^ in. br. ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides quite naked ; veinlets 6-8 on a side ;
sori filling up the greater part of the space between midrib and edge ; invol. small,
ciliated. — Aspid. Mett.

Hab. Brazil, Lindberg, 633. — In general habit most like N. montanum, but the lobes
narrower, and veinlets simple.

62. N. (Last.) diplazioides. Hk. ; st. tufted, 6 in. or more 1., densely clothed
with linear-spreading dark-brown scales ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinnae 4-6
in. 1., l-l£ in. br., with a gland at the base beneath, cut down to a broadly-winged
rachis into nearly entire, linear-oblong subfalcate lobes 2 lin. br. ; texture herba-
ceous ; rachis fibrillose, under side naked ; veinlets 8-9 on a side ; sori near the
midrib; invol. small, setose. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 99.

Hab. Columbia, Moritz, 408, Fendler, 159.— Distinguished by its herbaceous texture
and broad lobes, not reaching much more than halfway down to the midrib.

63. N. (Last.) pachyrachis, Hk. ; st. 6 in. or more 1., nearly naked ; fr. 2-3
ft. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinnae 4-6 in. 1., |-1 in. br., with a gland at the base beneath,
cut down to a broadly -winged rachis into spreading entire blunt lobes 2 lin. br. ;
lower pinnae dwindling down gradually to mere auricles; texture herbaceous,
under side naked ; veinlets 8-9 on a side ; sori near the midrib ; invol. prominent,
glandular. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 100.

Hab. Venezuela, Moritz, 409, Fendler, 472. — Deeper cut than the last, and nearly
naked, with a more prominent and persistent involucre. A . decrescens and cheilanthoides,
Kze., are allied plants, with which we are not acquainted.

64. N. (Last.) lonchodes, Hk. ; rhizome creeping ; st. 12-18 in. 1., glossy, naked ;
fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-10 in. br. ; pinnce 4-5 in. 1., ^-| in br., the lower ones with close

entire lobes 2 lin. br., reaching two-thirds of the way down ; texture coriaceous ;
rachis and under surface finely pubescent ; veinlets 4-5 on each side ; sori about
midway between the edge and margin. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 99.

Hab. Cuba, Wright, 1007-8.

65. N. (Last.) deltoideum, Desv. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., densely clothed with
deciduous linear scales ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 4-8 in. br. ; pinnce of the lower third or
quarter suddenly dwarfed, the larger ones 2-4 in. 1., |-1 in. br., cut two-thirds
of the way down into close entire lobes 2 lin. br. ; texture coriaceous ; rachis
villose, under side nearly naked ; veinlets prominent, 8-10 on a side ; sori nearer
the edge than the midrib ; invol. very fugacious. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 103. Polyp. Sw.

Hab. West Indies. — Groups of veins not unfrequently slightly united. Easily recog-
nizable by the abrupt dwarfing of the pinnae below the centre of the frond.

44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 271

ft Veinlets forked. Sp. 66-73.

66. N. (Last.) Thelypteris, Desv. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st. about
1 ft. 1., slender, stramineous ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnae spreading, 23
in. 1., \ in. br., cut down very nearly to the rachis into entire spreading linear—
oblong lobes, those of the barren frond the broadest ; lower pinnae equalling the
others ; upper veinlets simple, lower ones forked ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both
sides naked ; sori small, not confluent, in rows near the recurved edge. — Brit. F.
t. 13.— (3, N. squamulosum, Ilk. ; rachis of the pirmse slightly scaly. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 88. Hemestheum, Neum.

Hab. Norway to Spain, Italy, Cashmere (5-6,000 ft.), and Amur-land ; Cape Colony,
Natal, Angola, New Zealand; United States.

67. N. (Last.) montanum, Baker ; st. short, tufted ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br. ;
pinnae 3-4 in. 1., 1 in. br. at the base, cut down to a broadly- winged rachis into
close, blunt, oblong lobes ; lower pinnae distant, and gradually dwarfed down to
mere auricles ; texture herbaceous ; rachis naked, or slightly scaly below, under
surface glandular ; lower veins forked ; sori in rows near the edge. — Polyp. Vogler.
N. Oreopteris, Desv.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 90 ; Brit. F. t. 14. Hemestheum, Neum.

Hab. Lapland to Spain, Greece, and Georgia.

68. N. (Last.) apitiflorum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 6-1 2 in. 1., clothed throughout with
linear spreading scales ; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 8-12 in. br. ; pinnae close, lanceolate, the
largest 4-6 in. 1., |-| in. br., cut down to the rachis into uniform, close, blunt,
subentire lobes \ in. br. ; rachis more or less scaly ; texture herbaceous, under
side naked ; sori 6-8 to a lobe, confined to the upper third ; invoL firm, prominent.
— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 112. t. 248.

Hab. N. India up to 9,000 ft. — Like N. Filix-mas in general habit, but remarkable in
the sori being restricted to the tip of the lobes.

69. N. (Last.) microsorum, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., fibrillose, especially below ;
fr. 2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br. ; pinnce 6 in. 1., 1|-1| in. br., cut down to the rachis below
into close, blunt, entire lobes \ in. br., lower ones not reduced ; texture herbaceous ;
rachis fibrillose, those of the pinnae and lobes villose, under surface naked ; veinlets
8-9 on a side, most of them forked ; sori midway between the edge and midrib. —
Hk.Sp.4.p.lQQ.

Hab. Foot of Mount Chimborazo, Spruce.

70. N. (Last.) griseum, Baker ; st. firm, erect, grey, villose upwards ; fr. 1| 2
ft. 1., 8-9 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ; pinnce close, 3-4 in. L, f-£ in. br., narrowed
gradually from the base to the apex, cut down nearly to the rachis into blunt,
entire lobes 2 lin. br., with recurved edges ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis villose,
and veins beneath slightly so ; veinlets about 10 on a side, mostly forked ; sori
small, submarginal ; invol. ciliated.

Hab. Cochin, S. Hindostnn, Rev. Mr. Johnstons.

71. N, (Last.) sagenioides, Baker ; st. tufted, slender, 6-12 in. 1., dark chesnut-
brown, scaly below ; fr. 12-24 in. L, 6-12 in br., oblong-lanceolate ; pinnce 3-6
in. 1., 1 in. br., the lowest pair rather shorter than the others, and deflexed ; lobes
cut down to a broadly-winged centre, linear-oblong, blunt, entire or slightly
crenate ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis polished, like the stem ; veinlets
6-8 on a side, the lower ones forked ; sori in rows near the edge ; invol. fugacious.
— Aspid. Mett. N. melanopus, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 110.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Isles. — A very distinct plant, resembling some of the

272 44. NEPHRODIUM, § L.VSTREA.

Sagenice, not in general habit, but by its polished, dark-coloured stem, and by tlie sori
being usually terminal on branch veins. A. zeylanicum, Fee, is probably this species.

72. N. (Last.) syrmaticum, Baker ; st. tufted, 1-2 ft. 1., naked, stramineous ;
fr. 3-4 ft. L, 12-18 in. br. ; pinnae 6-9 in. 1., H-lf in. br., cut down to a broadly-
winged rachis into slightly-toothed lobes 2-3 lin. br., the lower ones stalked, the
lowest not much reduced ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ;
veinlets 12-15 on a side, nearly all forked ; sori nearer the edge than the midrib.
— Aspid. Willd. N. spectabile, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 115.

Hab. N. India to Ceylon, Philippines, and Malaccas. — There is a form with medial
sori, and more distant and fewer (6-8) veinlets. This also has the sori often terminal on
the branch veinlets, and not unfrequently the groups join at the sinus. Willdenow
supposed it to be a South American plant, doubtless by mistake.

73. N. (Last.) Filix-mas, Rich. ; st. tufted, 6 in. or more 1., more or less
densely clothed with lanceolate scales ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinnae lan-
ceolate, 4-6 in. 1., f-1 j in. br., cut down very nearly to the rachis into close,
blunt, regular subentire lobes 1^-2 lin. br., lower ones rather shorter than the
others ; texture herbaceous ; rachis more or less scaly, under surface naked ;
lower veinlets subpinnate ; invol. large, convex. — HJc. Brit. F. t. 15. — /3, N. affine
(F.&M. sub Aspid.] ; pinnae not so blunt and with a space between them,
narrower and the edge more or less deeply toothed. — y, N. elongatum, Ilk. & Gr. ;
fr. sometimes 3-4 ft. 1., 2 ft. br., subdeltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnae 1 ft.

or more I., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnl. close, lanceolate, cut down nearly to the rachis
into oblong crenated lobes ; invol. |— ^ lin. br. — Ic. Fil. t. 234. — 8, TV. cochleatum,
Don ; sterile and fertile fr. different, the pinnl. of the former broad-leafy, the
lower ones deeply lobed, those of the latter much contracted, the two rows of
large sori with prominent convex invol. often 1 lin. br., occupying their whole
surface. — Arthrpbotrys, Wall. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 116. Dryopteris, Schott.

Hab. a and (3 throughout Europe and Asia, from Lapland to Japan and the Malay
Isles, ascending to the Himalayas to 15,000 ft. ; Madeira, Sandwich Isles ; America, from
Greenland along the Rocky Mountains and Andes to Peru, y, Azores, Madeira, Guinea
Coast, Cape Colony, Mascaren Isles, Abyssinia, E. Indies, S. United States, d, Hin-
dostan and Malaccas. — The extremes as described differ widely, but we cannot draw any-
clear line between them. A. Schimpenanum, Canariense, Ludovicianum, and marginatum,
none of them seem clearly separable from y, which might be looked for in group 7.

-**#* Pinnae cut nearly or quite down to the rachis into toothed or pinnatifid
lobes. Sp. 74-87.

74. N. (Last.) Preslii, Baker ; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, deciduously fibrillose ;
fr. 6-9 in. 1., 4-5 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid ; upper pinnae lanceolate, close, lowest

pair deltoid, the upper pinnl. 2 lin. br., blunt, entire, the lower ones pinnatifid,
with similar lobes and broad uncut centre ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
fibrillose, both surfaces naked ; sori about 6 to the lower lobes, dorsal on the
veins, nearer the midrib than the edge. — L. propinqua, Presl & J. Sin. (in part}.

Hab. Philippines, Owning, 255. — This agrees in cutting with the small forms of
N. membranifolium, but the texture is thicker, and the sori are dorsal, not far from the
base of the obscure veinlets.

75. N. (Last,) Goldieanum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1., clothed with large dark
scales below ; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 1 ft. or more br., ovate-deltoid ; lower pinnce 6-9 in.
1., 2 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into linear-lanceolate subfalcate,
slightly-toothed lobes ; rachis and both 'surfaces naked ; texture herbaceous ;
veinlets obscure, forked ; sori in rows near the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 121.
Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 102.

Hab. Canada to Kentucky. — This comes nearest N. Filix-mas, which is not found in
the Northern United States.

44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 273

76. N. (Last.) marginale, Mich. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., clothed principally at
the base with large lanceolate concolorous scales ; fr. 18-24 in. 1., 6-8 in. br.,
oblong-lanceolate, bipinnate ; pinnae 3-4 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br. ; pinnl. ovate-oblong,
blunt, nearly entire ; rachis and both sides nearly naked ; texture herbaceous ;
lower veinlets of the pinnl. pinnate ; sori marginal. — Ilk. Sp. 4. p. 122.

Hab. Canada and United States. — About midway between the typical form
mas and cristatum in general habit.

77. N. (Last.) lacerum, Baker ; st. 4-8 in. 1., densely clothed below with large
ovate-lanceolate scales ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-10 in. br., ovate-deltoid ; pinnae 4-5
in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., lanceolate ; upper pinnl. confluent, lowest free, lanceolate,
acute, subfalcate, nearly entire, but the lower ones auricled on both sides of the
base ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises rather scaly ; both sides naked ; sori
confined to the upper third of the frond, occupying nearly the whole of the con-
tracted pinnl. ; invol. \ lin. br. — Polyp. Thunb. Lastrea, Eaton.

Hab. Japan and Tsus-Sima. — Very near some of the Indian forms of Filix-mas, but
admitted as distinct by Eaton and Mettenius.

78. N. (Last.) erythrosorum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., more or less densely
clothed with long lanceolate and linear scales ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 8-12 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate ; pinnae lanceolate, the lowest the largest, 5-6 in. 1., l£ in. br.,
cut quite down to the rachis below into oblong-bluntish pinnl. 2-3 in. br., the
edge slightly, sometimes spinosely, toothed ; texture firm but herbaceous ; both
sides naked" ; rachis slightly scaly ; sori in rows of 6-9 to a pinnl. near the
midrib ; invol. $ lin. br., flat, bright-red when young. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 120. t. 253.

Hab. Japan and China. — Intermediate in appearance between Aspid. varium and
N. Filix-mas.

79. N. (Last.) Floridwium, Hk. ; st. 6 in. or more 1., with a few ovate con-
colorous scales ; fr. H-2 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ; fertile pinnce
confined to the upper half, close, lanceolate, 3-4 in. 1., 1-1 £ in. br., cut down to
a narrowly-winged rachis into oblong, slightly crenated, blunt pinnl., with their
own breadth between them and two rows of sori reaching from the midrib
nearly to the edge ; barren pinnce broader, the lower ones rather reduced and
subdeltoid, all not so deeply cut and the pinnl. close ; texture herbaceous, both
sides naked.— Hk. Fil. Ex. t. 99.

Hab. Louisiana and Florida.— Perhaps a form of N. cristatum, with which it agrees
in its barren pinnse, diffei'ing in its dimorphous fertile ones.

80. N. (Last.) cristatum, Mich. ; st. tufted, 6 in. or more 1., sparingly clothed
with ovate concolorous scales ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 3-5 in. br., narowly oblong-
lanceolate ; lower pinnce deltoid, 2 in. 1., 1 in. or more br., the lowest pair about
equal to the next, cut down nearly, or quite, to the base below into broad,
blunt, oblong, slightly pinnatifid pinnl.; teeth not aristate ; texture herbaceous ;
stramineous rachis and both sides nearly naked ; invol. naked. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 121. — ]3, N. uliginosum (Newm. sub Lastrea} ; fr. broader ; pinnl. more acute
and more deeply cut, teeth mucronate. — Brit. F. t. 17. A. spinuloso-cristatum,
Lasch.

Hab. Scandinavia to N. Italy and Greece ; Hudson's Bay territory, Canada, United
States.— Our /3 is a connecting link between cristatum and spinulosum, the barren fronds
resembling most the former, and the fertile ones the latter.

81. N. (Last.) Borneense, Hk. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely fibril-
lose ; st. 6 in. 1., firm, erect, brown, naked; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br.,
lanceolate ; pinnce 2-3 in. 1., f to 1 in. br., cut down to a broadly- winged rachis
into linear-oblong deeply pinnatifid lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and veins

2 M

274 44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTRFJ*.

beneath finely villose ; veinlets about 6 on a side, with a sorus on each midway
between midrib and edge ; invol. coriaceous, persistent. — Ilk. Sp. 4. p. 111.
2nd Cent. t. 93.

Hab. Borneo. — Habit of N. flaccidum, but quite different in texture arid mode of
growth, in which it approximates towards JEudavallia, in which it is placed by J. Smith.

82. N. (Last.) Salvini, Baker ; st. tufted with a tuft of long brown linear
scales at the base, and a few upwards, 6-0 in. 1. ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 3-4 in. br.,
lanceolate ; pinnce close, lanceolate, 1^-2 in. 1., f in. br., cut down to the rachis
below into imbricated oblong pinnl. with blunt lobes reaching about halfway
down ; texture herbaceous, firm ; rachis and midrib of the pinnae slightly scaly ;
veinlets forked ; sort at the base of the lobes often 1 to each ; invol. naked, firm.

Hab. Guatemala, Salvin and Godman. — Most like N. flaccidum in cutting, but quite
different in other respects.

83. N. (Last.) flaccidum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., slender, stramineous,
naked ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br. ; pinnce 3-4 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down to
a rachis with a narrow distinct wing into oblong lobes 2 lin. br. cut about half-
way down ; lower pinnce distant, shorter than the others and deflexed ; texture
herbaceous ; the stramineous rachis and under side villose ; veinlets forked or in
the lower lobes subpinnate ; sori about midway between the edge and midrib. —
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 133. t. 263.

Hab. Himalayas (up to 6,000 ft.) to Ceylon and Java. — General habit of some of the
least-cut forms of A. Pilix-fcemina.

84. N. (Last.) Brunonianum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., black, densely clothed
with large dark-brown lanceolate scales ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., with
numerous, close, subequal, oblong-lanceolate, blunt pinnce, the lower ones reduced,
the largest 1^-2 in. 1., f in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into sharply-
toothed blunt lobes 1^-2 lin. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachises ebeneous and
more or less clothed with long fibrillose scales ; under surface naked ; sori
copious, about midway between the edge and midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 113. t. 251.

Hab. Himalayas, 12-15,000 ft.

85. N. (Last.) barligerum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., densely clothed with
large bright-brown scales and soft silky hairs ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br. ; pinnce
close, lanceolate, 4-6 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br. ; pinnl. close, oblong, blunt, the lower
ones pinnatifid, the lobes with copious aristate teeth, the edge often incurved ;
texture herbaceous ; rachises clothed like the stem ; midrib beneath rather scaly ;
sori in rows close to the midrib of the pinnules. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 113.

Hab. Himalayas, 11-13,000 ft.— This and the preceding are closely allied to one
another, but not likely to be confused with anything else.

86. N. (Last.) setosum, Baker ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., densely clothed with
fibrillose scales ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br. ; lowest pinnce the largest, deltoid,
4-5 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, If -2 in. ]., cut down to the rachis below
into erecto-patent, entire, linear segm. ; texture herbaceous ; rachises densely
fibrillose ; both surfaces naked ; veinlets of the segments 5-6 on a side, the lower
ones forked ; sori in a line close to the midrib. — A. setosum, Blume ! (non
Swartz).

Hab. Java, Blume, Millett.

87. N. (Last.) Welwitzschii, Baker ; st. 6-12 in. 1., pubescent and fibrillose ; fr.
18 in. 1., 1 ft. br. ; lower pinnce ovate-lanceolate, 6-8 in. 1., 2 in. br., cut down
nearly or quite to the rachis into linear-oblong pinnl. |-f in. br., of which the

44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 275

central ones are the largest, and cut into close lobes more than halfway down to
the rachis, but the upper and lower ones nearly entire ; texture herbaceous ;
rachises finely fibrillose, under side opaque, and scattered over with short, stiff,
shining hairs ; veinlets forked or subpinnate in the lobes ; sori in rows a short
distance from the midvein of the latter ; invol. small, hairy.

Hab. Angola, Welwitzsch. — This seems a very distinct plant.

***** Qroup of N. spinulosum ; caudex erect, fronds small or middle-sized,
tri- or quadripinnatifid ; involucres firm, persistent. Sp. 88-117. Lophodium,
Newm.

f Fronds oblong-lanceolate or oblong-deltoid. Sp. 88-101.

88. N. (Last.) viridescens, Baker; st. tufted, 12-18 in. 1., naked, polished,
brownish, glossy, with a few lanceolate scales near the base ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 1 ft.
br. ; lower pinnae the largest ; pinnl. oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid, with broad,
blunt lobes with a few sharp teeth, the lowest 2-3 in. 1., and cut down nearly to
the rachis ; texture herbaceous ; colour bright green ; rachis polished ; bo'th sides
naked ; sori in rows near the midribs of the pinnls. ; invol. 3, lin. br., naked.

Hab. Japan, Oldham, 89, 377- — A connecting link between this group and the last.

89. N. (Last.) fragrans, Rich. ; st. densely tufted, very short, clothed with
large ovate concolorous scales ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ;
pinnce |-1 in. 1., J-§ in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis below into oblong
lobes, which are again toothed or pinnatifid ; lower pinnae reduced gradually ;
texture coriaceous ; rachises densely scaly ; veins subpinnate in the lower lobes of
the pinnules, the lower part of which is often quite covered with the sori ; invol.
very large and membranous. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 122. Hk. fy Gr. t. 70.

Hab. Caucasus to Kamschatka, and Arctic America to Wisconsin.

90. N. (Last.) rigidum, Desv. ; st. tufted, 6 in. 1., densely clothed below with
large lanceolate or ovate concolorous scales ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., oblong-
lanceolate ; largest pinnce 2-3 in. 1., 1-1| in. br., the pinnl. of the lower half
free, ovate-rhomboidal, cut down nearly to the rachis below ; teeth mucronate ;
texture herbaceous ; rachises usually scaly ; under side slightly glandular ; veinlets
subpinnate in the lower lobes of the pinnules ; sori close to the midrib ; invol.
firm, prominent, fringed with glands. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 160. B. F. t. 16.

Hab. Britain to Spain, Greece, Syria, and Asia Minor ; California, N.W. Mexico. —
The S. Europeana nd American forms (A. pallidum, Link, and .4. argutum, Kaulf.) have
the lower pinnules often 1-14 in- !•> with the veins copiously pinnate in the lower lobes.

91. N. (Last.) spinulosum, Desv.; st. tufted, about 1 ft. 1., sparingly clothed
with ovate concolorous scales ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ;
lower pinnce subdeltoid, 3-4 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., the lowest pair about equal to the
next ; pinnl. ovate-lanceolate, the largest about 1 in. 1., ^ in. br., cut down to
the rachis below into close oblong lobes with copious aristate teeth ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis stramineous, scarcely scaly ; under surface not glandular ;
colour pale-green ; invol. not gland-ciliated. — Hk. Brit. F. t. 20. — 13, N. dila-
tatum, Desv. ; scales denser and narrower, dark-brown in the centre ; fr. ovate-
lanceolate or subdeltoid, larger and more deeply cut, the colour a darker and
brighter green, the pinnce closer, the under surface often finely glandular, the
invol. gland-ciliated.— Hk. B. F. 1. 19.— y, N. remotum (A. Br. sub Aspid.) ; scales
lanceolate, concolorous, extending to the rachis ; fr. oblong-lanceolate, about
2 ft. 1., 6 in. br. ; pinnce lanceolate, close ; pinnl. ovate-oblong, only the lowest
free, the largest about 1 in. 1., \ in. br., cut halfway down to the rachis or
more, spinulose teeth few ; under side and invol. not glandular. — Hk. Brit. F.
t. 22.— $9 N. Boottii (Tucker., sub Aspid.) ; habit and scales of a ; pinnce distant,

276 44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

lanceolate ; lowest pinnl. scarcely free, the largest about £ in. 1., £ in. hr., cut
from one-third to halfway down to the rachis below. — L. collina, Newm. —
6, lepidota, Moore ; rachises chesnut-brown, scaly ; fr. subdeltoid ; lower pinna?
deltoid, 5-6 in. each way ; lowest pinnl. much the largest, often 3 in. 1., 2 in. br.,
its segm. cut down to the rachis below and with lobes again deeply pinnatilid. —
Hk.'Sp.±.p.l21.

Hab. Arctic Europe and America southward to Madeira, the Mediterranean, \V.
Himalayas, and Carolina, and found also sparingly in Bourbon and Cape Colony. — A
very variable plant. 'Var. y is the most distinct form, and from this a recedes in the
direction of N. cristatum, and y towards Filix-mas. The common N. American form
(A. intermedium, Muhl.) has an oblong-lanceolate frond and pale scales, but is generally
larger and more finely cut than our typical plant. L. glandulosa, Newm., is most like/3,
but the scales are few and pale, and the frond is narrower, with the under side more dis-
tinctly glandular.

92. N. (Last.) Eatoni, Baker; st. 1 ft. 1., stramineous, clothed copiously with
squarrose purplish fibrillose scales ; fr. 12-18 in. L, 6-9 in. br., ovate-lanceolate ;
upper pinnce lanceolate, lowest pair subdeltoid, 4-5 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; pinnl.
lanceolate, close, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into close, blunt, sub-
entire, linear-oblong lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachis stramineous and fibril-
lose like the stem ; under side slightly villose and glandular ; sori small, copious ;
invol. gland-ciliated.

Hab. Kakeah and Loo Choo Isles, E. Asia, C. Wright. — Habit and cutting of N. dila-
tatum, from which it differs by its dense fine spreading hair-like scales and slightly
villose rachises and under surface.

93. N. (Last.) mexicanum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 12-18 in. 1., stramineous, scaly
towards the base ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br., ovate-lanceolate ; pinnce lanceolate,
3-6 in. 1., l|-2 in. br., the divisions sometimes spathulate, not cut down quite to
the rachis and nearly entire, but more usually the lower ones free, subdeltoid,
and deeply pinnatifid ; texture firm, herbaceous ; colour pale-green ; rachis and
both surfaces naked ; sori in rows about midway between the edge and midrib ;
invol. naked, conspicuous. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 138. t. 267. A. leptorachis, Kze. —
/3, A. chceropkj/lloides., Moritz. ; more compound, lower pinnae sometimes 9-12
in. L, 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down nearly to the rachis into oblong
crenated lobes.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico to Brazil and Ecuador. — The involucres are sometimes
orbicular and peltate. There is a wide range in cutting between the extremes, /3 re-
sembling the larger forms of Filix-mas.

94. N. (Last.) sparsum, Don ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., scaly only towards the
base, stramineous and glossy upwards ; fr. 1-2 ft. L, 8-12 in. br., ovate-lan-
ceolate ; lowest pinnce the largest, 4-6 in. L, l|-2 in. br. ; lowest pinnl. sometimes
compound, the others lanceolate, unequal-sided, pinnatifid, with oblong-, blunt
lobes ; texture firm, herbaceous ; rachis naked or slightly scaly, both sides
naked ; colour pale-green ; sori usually one to each lobe near the midrib ; invol.
naked, flat, 1 lin. br.- N. purpurascens, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 132. t. 262.

Hab. N. India to .N. China, Ceylon, and Malay Isles ; Mauritius. — This species
resembles the last, and rivals it in range of size and cutting. Mettenius regards
A . purpurascens, Blume, as distinct, characterized by being more rigid in texture, with
divisions not so unequal-sided and the frond larger and more divided. L. delloidea,
Beddoine, t. 248, from Ceylon, has subdeltoid fronds and pinnules ^-f in. br.

95. N. (Last.) undulatum, Baker ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., scaly towards the
base, glossy, and stramineous upwards ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 6-8 in. br., ovate-
deltoid, the main rachis very distinctly zigzag, the pinnce deflexed and then
curved upwards, imbricated, subdeltoid, the lowest pair the largest, 4-6 in. 1.,

44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 277

2-3 in. br. ; secondary and tertiary rachises also zigzag ; lower pinnl. subdeltoid ;
segm. 2-3 lin. br., ovate-rhomboidal or pinnatifid ; both sides naked ; colour pale-
green ; sori large, 3-4 to the lower segm. near the midrib. — Aspid. Thwaites.
Lastrea, J3eddome, t. 271.

Hab. Ceylon, C. P. 3858. — Perhaps not distinct from the last, with which it agrees,
except in the peculiar zigzag rachises.

96. N. (Last.) deparioides, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., firm, slightly scaly
below ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 8-10 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ; lower pinnce 4-6 in. 1.,
2 in. br., lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into unequal-sided, stalked,
deltoid pinnl. with broad, blunt subquadrangular lower lobes and prominent
teeth ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; sori terminal in the
teeth, which the convex involucres quite conceal. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 139. Fil. Ex,
t. 3. Diclosodon, Moore.

Hab. Ceylon and S. India. — Teeth very distinct and sori quite terminal, so the plant
resembles Deparia, a character quite unique in the genus.

97. N. (Last.) Thwaitesii, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or morel., slender, stramineous,
slightly scaly below; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinnce
lanceolate, 3-4 in. 1., 1^ in. br. ; pinnl. distant, subdeltoid, unequal-sided,
slightly bluntly lobed below, obliquely truncate at the base on the lower side ;
colour pale-green ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides quite naked ; sori
small, quite marginal ; invol. naked. — A. concinnum, Thwaites (non Mett.).

Hab. Ceylon. — Very like the last in outline, but quite different in fruit.

98. N. (Last.) sphcerocarpum, -Hk. ; st. 6 in. 1., slender, stramineous, clothed
below with a few lanceolate scales ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., ovate-lanceolate ;
lower pinnae 3-4 in. 1., 2 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down to
the rachis below into small oblong toothed lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachis
stramineous, slightly scaly ; both surfaces naked ; sori mostly solitary at the
base of the lobes; invol. large, reniform, membranous. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 139.
Athyrium, Fee.

Hab. Mexico. — Thinner in texture than N. mexicanum, and the fruit different.

99. N. (Last.) athamanticum, Hk. ; st. tufted, stout, stramineous, 1 ft. 1.,
clothed at the base with large concolorous linear scales ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br.,
oblong-lanceolate; pinnce imbricated, the lower ones 4-6 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., the
pinnl. cut down to the rachis below into blunt oblong-rhomboidal lobes ; texture
subcoriaceous ; colour pale-green, the stramineous rachis and both sides naked ;
veinlets immersed, copiously pinnate in the lower lobes ; sori close to the midrib ;
invol. large, persistent.— /&. Sp. 4. p. 125. t. 258.

Hab. Cape Colony to Natal and Angola. — Most like N. sparsum in texture, but more
divided.

100. N. (Last.) incequale, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., with a dense tuft of
reddish-brown lanceolate scales at the base and a few upwards ; fr. 1-2 ft. L,
8-12 in. br., ovate-deltoid ; lower pinnce rather shorter and broader than the
next, which are 6-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down nearly to the
rachis into oblong spinoso-serrated segm.; texture herbaceous ; colour dark-
green ; rachises and both surfaces nearly naked ; sori in two rows near the
midribs ; invol. firm, naked. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 125.

Hab. Cape Colony and Natal. — Intermediate in habit between N. spinulosum and the
large forms of Filix-mas.

101. N. (Last.) Fakoneri, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. 1., densely clothed throughout with
concolorous scales, varying from ovate to subulate ; fr. l£-2 ft. 1., 8-10 in. br.,

278 44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

oblong-lanceolate ; pinnae 4-5 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., largest pinnl. 1 in. 1., | in. br.,
cut down nearly to the rachis into oblong, blunt lobes with revolute edges ;
texture herbaceous ; rachises densely fibrillose ; sori in rows close to the midrib
of the pinnl.— HTc. Sp. 4. p. 123. t. 254.

Hab. Cashmere, Falconer. — Seems a well-marked species, most like N. fragrans on a
large scale.

ft Fronds subdeltoid. Sp. 102-117.

102. N. (Last.) stipitatum, Baker ; st. 8-9 in. 1., flexuose, densely scaly at the
base ; fr. 3-4 in. each way, deltoid ; pinnae 6-9, the lowest 1^ in. 1., unequal-
sided, ovate-lanceolate, cut down to a narrowly-winged rachis into oblong,
obtuse lobes, the lowest subpinnate ; veinlets of the lobes 4-6 on a side, the lower
ones forked ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; sori close to
the midrib ; invol. coriaceous, glabrous, persistent. — Aspid. Mett. p. 60.

Hab. Ladrones, Mertens. — With this we are not acquainted.

103. N. (Last.) hirtum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., wiry, brown, densely
fibrillose ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., subdeltoid ; lower pinnae much the largest
and lowest pinnl. larger than the others, which are \-\ in. 1., J-§- in. br., cut
down to the rachis below into spathulate, usually entire, blunt lobes ; texture
herbaceous; colour bright-green; rachises fibrillose; under surface glandular;
veinlets pinnate in the lower lobes ; sori small, distant from the midrib. — HJc.
Sp. 4. p. 128. Cystopteris, Klotzch.

Hab. West Indies, and gathered also by Mr. Curror in West Tropical Africa.

104. N. (Last.) squamisetum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1., densely clothed with
linear and upwards with fibrillose scales ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 8-9 in. br.,
subdeltoid ; lower pinnae the largest, subdeltoid, 4-6 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; pinnl.
lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis below into pinnatifid, blunt, oblong-
deltoid lobes ; texture firm, herbaceous ; rachises fibrillose ; both sides naked ;
sori in rows near the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 140. t. 268.

Hab. Fernando Po (4000 ft.) Q. Mann. — Most like sparsum and mexicanum in cutting
and texture.

105. N. (Last.) chinense, Baker ; caud. decumbent ; st. about 6 in. ]., slender,
substramineous, clothed throughout with linear dark-brown scales ; fr. 12-15
in. 1., 6-9 in. br., subdeltoid ; pinnae few, the lowest much the largest, 5-6 in.l.,
3-4 in. br. ; lowest pinnl. much longer than the others, which are lanceolate, with
distinct, oblong-deltoid, deeply pinnatifid lower segm. ; texture herbaceous ; rachises
naked or slightly scaly ; under surface almost naked ; sori copious, ^ lin. br.,
distant from the midrib.

Hab. N. China, Col. Urquhart ; Korea, Wilford ; Japan, Dickens.

106. N. (Last.) gldbrum, Baker ; st. 6-9 in. 1., naked, stramineous above,
clothed towards the base with lanceolate concolorous scales ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1.,
6-9 in. br. ; lowest pinnae the largest, subdeltoid, 4-5 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; pinnl.
close, lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into small, oblong, pinnatifid
segm. with mucronate teeth ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ;
sori copious, submarginal; invol. naked. — Lastrea, Brack.

Hab. Sandwich Islands. — Very near the preceding.

107. N. (Last.) tenwfolium, Hk. ; st. about 1 ft. 1., slender, clothed throughout
with small, grey, lanceolate scales ; fr. 12-18 in. each way, deltoid ; lower pin nee
much the largest, unequal-sided, deltoid ; lowest pinnl. 3-4 in. 1., \-\\ in. br.,
the rest lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into oblong, bluntly-toothed
lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachises and midribs scaly and villose ; both sides

44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 279

glandular and grey, with short stiff hairs ; sori small, medial. — ///•. Sp. 4.
p. 144.

Hab. Fiji, Brackenridge, Milne.

108. N. (Last.) edentulum, Baker ; st. stramineous ; fr. upwards of 1 ft. 1. and
nearly as br. ; lower pinnae 5-6 in. 1., more than 2 in. br., lanceolate-acuminate ;
pinnl. distant, spreading, connected at the base, oblong, obtuse, l£ in. 1., with
oblong, obtuse, entire lobes ; texture thinly herbaceous ; colour deep-green ;
under surface fibrillose on the midribs, the rest naked ; veins 1 to each lobe ;
sori close to the midrib, 1 or 2 to a lobe ; invol. thin, glabrous, persistent. — >
Aspid. Kze.

Hab. Java.— Our description is from Mettenius.

109. N. (Last.) cemulum, Baker; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1. ; scales linear-lanceolate,
concolorous, dense below ; fr. lanceolate-deltoid, 12-18 in. 1., 6-10 in.br., the
lowest pinnce much the largest ; lowest pinnl. larger than the others, which are
ovate-lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into deeply pinnatifid lobes with
aristate teeth ; texture herbaceous ; rachis slightly scaly ; under surface glandular ;
invol. not gland-ciliated. — Polyp. Sol. N. spinulosum y, Hlc. Sp. 4. p. 127.
Brit. F. t. 20. N. Faenisecii, Lowe. L. recurva, Newm.

Hab. Britain, Madeira, Azores. — Smelling like hay when dried, the pinnae and pin-
nules with the edge turned upwards in the growing plant.

110. N. (Last.) Karwinskyanum, Baker; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, stramineous,
with a few small concolorous scales ; fr. 12-15 in. 1., 8-12 in. br., deltoid ; lower
pinnce much the largest, oblong-deltoid ; pinnl. close, lanceolate, 1-1 1 in. 1., cut
down below nearly^to the rachis into oblong bluntly-toothed lobes; texture
herbaceous ; rachis slender, slightly scaly ; under surface mealy, with fine
glands ; sori at the base of the lobes; invol. prominent, ciliated. — Aspid. Mett.
p. 59.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala. — Differs from sphcerocarpum by its glandular fronds and
deltoid outline.

111. N. (Last.) Napoleonis, Bory ; st. 6-12 in. 1., densely scaly at the base,
naked upwards ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 8-12 in. br., subdeltoid ; lower pinnce much the
largest ; pinnl. of the under side the longest, \ in. br., linear-lanceolate, close,
cut down nearly to the rachis into slightly-toothed, broad, blunt lobes; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; sori close to the midrib ; invol.
naked.— Hlc. Sp. 4. p. 123. t. 255.

Hab. St. Helena.

112. N. (Last.) Ascensionis, Hk. ; st. tufted, stout, densely clothed with dark-
brown linear scales ; fr. 8-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., subdeltoid; pinnce imbricated,
the lower ones 3-4 in. 1., 2 in. br. ; pinnl. linear-lanceolate, j in. br., cut down
to the rachis into subentire, oblong lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises scaly ;
sori one at the base of each lobe. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 1 24. t. 257.

Hab. Island of Ascension.

113. N. (Last.) cognatum, Hk. ; st. tufted, stout, 1 ft. 1., densely clothed with
large ovate scales ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., ovate-deltoid ; pinnce close,
lanceolate, 6-9 in. L, 1^ in. br., the lowest pair broadest ; lobes oblong, bluntish,
3-4 lin. br., broadly toothed ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises scaly ; sori in
rows midway between the edge and midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 123. t. 256.

Hab. St. Helena.

280 44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

114. N. (Last.) rubiginosum, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. 1., densely clothed with large
linear scales at the base, and upwards with spreading smaller ones ; fr. 12-18
in. 1., 1 ft. br., subdeltoid ; pinnm lanceolate, the lowest the largest, deltoid,
6-8 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl. close, lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into
slightly-toothed, oblong, blunt segm.; texture herbaceous, both sides naked ;
rachises fibrillose ; sori close to the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 143.

Hab. Sandwich Islands, Brackenridge. — The scales of the rachis are quite subulate,
with alternate coloured and colourless cells. N. Fiyiense, Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 67, is
probably distinct ; the frond is larger and less deltoid, the rachises are less scaly, and the
lower segments are pinnatifid, with small blunt lobes, with a sorus filling up more than
half of them. It was gathered by Milne in Fiji.

115. N. (Last.) squamigerum, Hk. & Am. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1., clothed
throughout with lanceolate scales ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., ovate-deltoid ;
pinnae close, lanceolate, the lowest pair subdeltoid, 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl.
lanceolate, close, more or less deeply pinnatifid, with broad blunt lobes ; texture
herbaceous ; rachises and midribs o'f the pinnules beneath scaly ; sori in rows
near the midrib.— #£. Sp. 4. p. 144. t. 280.

Hab. Sandwich Islands, — Unique in the group in the dense scaly clothing of its
rachises.

116. N. (Last.) Bojeri, Baker; st. 6-9 in. .1., naked, stramineous, the scales
lanceolate, concolorous, confined to the base ; fr. If -2 ft. 1., nearly as br.,
deltoid ; pinnce imbricated, the lowest the largest, lanceolate, sometimes 1 ft. 1.,
4 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into oblong-ligulate
subentire lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veinlets
forked ; sori distant from the midrib ; invol. firm, naked. — N. Boryanum, Hk.
Sp. 4. p. 126.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon. — Mettenius has shown another quite different plant to
be Willdenow's Boryanum. The alliance of this is N. Napoleonis, but the frond is more
compound.

117. N. (Last.) odoratum, Baker ; st. 12-18 in. 1., stramineous, glossy, densely
clothed at the base with a tuft of lanceolate bright-brown scales ; fr. 9 18 in. 1.,
deltoid ; lowest pinnce much the largest, deltoid, 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl.
lanceolate, often imbricated, with ovate or oblong pinnatifid segm. with blunt
rounded lobes ; texture herbaceous ; colour pale-green ; rachis and under side
more or less pubescent ; sori copious ; invol. large, pale, villose.— Aspid. Bory.
N. hirsutum, Don. N. eriocarpum, Dec. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 141. Hypodematium,
Kunze.

Hab. N. India (up to 7-8000 ft.), S. China, Malayan Peninsula, Mauritius, Cape
"Verdes. — A well-marked species, which specimens from Bojer show is .4. odoratum of
Wiildenow.

****** Rhizome wide- creeping. Fronds small or middle-sized^ deltoid, tri- or
quadripinnatijld. Sp. 118-125.

118. N. (Last.) pubescens, Desv. ; st. 6-18 in. 1., slender, deciduously villose;
fr. 6-18 in. 1., deltoid ; lower pinnce much the largest ; pinnl. lanceolate ; lower
segm. usually free, oblong-rhomboidal, unequal -sided ; teeth mucronate ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachises often densely villose and under side more or less
pubescent ; colour pale-green ; sori small, distant from the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 146. Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 102.

Hab. West Indies. — Veins sometimes anastomosing. Phegopteris Portoriccnsis, Fe"e,
and Polyp, sericeum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 258, are non-involucrate forms.

119. N. (Last.) Parishii, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, naked, ebeneous ; fr. 6-8

44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 281

in. each way, deltoid, the lower pinnce much the largest ; lower pinril. larger
than the others, which are oblong- lanceolate, acuminate, l|-2 in. 1., £-f in. br.,
cut down nearly to the rachis into close, oblong lanceolate, creuated lobes ;
texture membranous ; rachises and under surface pubescent ; veinlcts pinnate in
the lobes ; sori in rows not far from the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 131. t. 260.

Hab. Moulmein, Rev. C. S. Parish. — Very different in texture from the rest of the
group, and like species 71-2, approximating to some Sagenice in the sori being usually
terminal on branch veins.

120. N. (Last.) subquinquefidwn, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., brownish, firm,
naked or villose upwards ; fr. 6-18 in. each way ; lower pinnce much the largest,
with the pinnl. on the lower side much larger than the others, which are 1-3
in. 1., f-1 in. br., often cut down nearly to the rachis below into broad, oblong
lobes ; texture herbaceous ; colour dark-green ; rachis more or less villose ; sori
medial.— HL Sp. 4. p. 130. N. Vogelii, Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 21. N. funestum,
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 129. t. 259. — /3, N. variabile, Hk. ; more compound ; lower pinnce
sometimes 1 ft. 1., quadripinnatifid, with lowest segm. 1 in. 1., ^ in. br. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 140. L. pilosissima, J. Sm.

Hab. West Indies to Brazil, island of Nissobe, Angola, Guinea Coast, Senegambia.
— The extremes differ widely in cutting, but pass into one another very gradually. A.
acrocarpon, Fde, belongs here.

121. N. (Last.) subsericeum, Baker ; rhizome clothed with lanceolate, ferru-
ginous scales ; st. 7 in. 1. ; fr. 8 in. L, deltoid, tripinnatifid ; lowest pinnce
ovate-lanceolate, unequal-sided ; pinnl. ovate-rhomboidal, obtuse, cut down to a
narrow wing into toothed or pinnatifid segm. ; texture thin, flaccid ; both sides
slightly and the midrib above densely clothed with soft spreading hairs ; sori
1 to each lobe.— Aspid. Mett. Fil. Nov. Gal. p. 74.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard.

122. N. (Last.) decompositum, R. Br. ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 12-18 in. L,
scaly only at the base, firm, villose ; fr. 1-2 ft. L, 1 ft. or more br., ovate-lan-
ceolate or deltoid ; lower pinnce much the largest, deltoid, 4-9 in. 1., 2-4 in. br. ;
pinnl. lanceolate, more or less deeply pinnatifid ; segm. unequal-sided, ovate-
rhomboidal, deeply pinnatifid, with toothed lobes ; rachis and under side more or
less villose ; sori rather large, placed midway between the midrib and edge. —
/3, N. glabellum, A. Cunn. ; rhizome abbreviated ; fr. more finely cut, with more
copious spinulose teeth, villose only on the rachis above, the surfaces glossy, and
lobes not imbricated. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 146.

Hab. Australia, Van Diemen's Land, and New Zealand to Tahiti and Fiji. — Very
variable in size, texture, and cutting. Dr. Mueller sends a form with suppressed invo-
lucres. A. Shepherdi, Kze. (L. acuminata, Moore) is most like a in cutting, but the
rhizome is abbreviated and the frond narrower.

123. N. (Last.) velutinum, Hk. fil. ; st. 1 ft. or more L, bright-brown, villose
upwards, scaly only at the base ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., by nearly as broad, deltoid;
lower pinnce much the largest, deltoid ; lowest pinnl. larger than the others,
which are close, lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into pinnatifid, oblong
lobes; texture herbaceous ; rachises densely villose, and both sides softly pubescent ;
sori small, copious ; invol. gland-ciliated. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 145.

Hab. New Zealand. — Principally distinguished from the preceding by its more flaccid
habit and densely villose surface and rachises. We have similar but not quite identical
plants from Queensland and Fiji.

124. N. (Last.) recedens, Hk. ; st. about 1 ft. L, erect, villose, soft, clothed at
the base with squarrose linear scales ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., deltoid ;

2 N

282 44. NEPIIRODIUM, § LAST RE A.

lower pinnce much the largest, 6-12 in. 1., 3-6 in. br. ; pinnl. of the lowest side
the largest, often 6 in. 1., 2 in. br., with distinct, one-sided, lanceolate segm.
with close slightly-toothed linear-oblong lobes ; texture firm ; rachises villose ;
under side nearly naked ; sori small, 6-8 round the edge of the larger lobes. —
Hk.Sp. 4. p. 135. t. 265.

Hab. Philippines, Neilgherries, and Ceylon. — In its mode of growth this agrees
with the two preceding. Our description is taken from living specimens sent by
Dr. Thwaites.

125. N. (Last.) Vieillardii, Baker ; st. strong, erect, slightly fibrillose towards
the base; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 1 ft. or more br., deltoid ; lowest pinnce 6-8 in. 1.,
3-5 in. br., the lowest pinnl. the largest, fhe others lanceolate, cut down nearly
to the rachis at the base into entire or toothed linear- oblong lobes ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; sori small, medial. — Aspid. Mett. Fil.
Nov. Cal. p. 75.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 1604, 1610. — Largestuncutultimatelobes21in.br.,
3 lin. deep, and texture like that of Polystichum.

**#*#** Fronds ample (more than l|-2 ft. I., 1 ft. lr.}, decompound.
Sp. 126-153. Involucre often small and fugacious.

t Texture herbaceous. Sp. 126-146.

126. N. (Last.) membranifolium, Presl ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., rather
slender, glossy, clothed with linear dark-brown scales towards the base ; fr.
1-3 ft. 1., 9-18 in. br., deltoid ; lower pinnce varying from simply pinnatifid, with
broad blunt lobes, to 1 ft. 1., with similar pinnatifid pinnl., the centre usually
uncut for a breadth of J-J in., and the uncut bluntish or acute ult. divisions as
broad ; colour bright-green ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both
surfaces nearly naked ; sori copious, generally submarginal ; invol. flat, i-f lin.
\>\\—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 1 31. Polyp. Milnei, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 254.

Hab. N. India and Philippines to Samoa, New Caledonia, Ceylon, S. W. Australia,
and Madagascar. — Habit of N. cicutarium, and similarly variable in size, but the veins
only casually uniting. A. Gardnerianum, Mett., is doubtless the same, and P. Milnei
is evidently a compound non-indusiate form. Probably it is A. sinuatum, Labill., but
the figure represents the stem as too scaly and the involucre as orbicular.

127. N. (Last.) Milnei, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., naked, polished, ebeneous ; fr.
1^-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., subdeltoid ; lower pinnce much the largest, 6-9 in. 1.,
4-5 in. br. ; pinnl. close, lanceolate, cut down throughout to a narrowly-winged
rachis into narrowly-oblong, crenated or pinnatifid lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachises ebeneous ; both surfaces naked ; colour deep green ; veinlets immersed,
the sori terminal on short lateral branches. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 143. 2nd Cent. t. 62.

Hab. Fiji, Milne. — Somewhat doubtfully distinct from the preceding, but the texture
is firmer and the stem ebeneous.

128. N. (Last.) splendens, Hk. ; st. 2-3 ft. 1., stout, polished, chesnut-brown
or nearly black, deciduously scaly ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 1^-2 ft. br. ; lower pinnce
often 1 ft. 1., 2 in. br., close, lanceolate ; pinnl. lanceolate-oblong, unequal-sided,
blunt, a broad central portion uncut ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis naked,
chesnut-brown ; both sides naked ; veinlets forked ; sori in rows near the midrib.
— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 126.

Hab. Sikkim, Bootan, Malaccas. — In habit this comes nearest the large compound
forms of Filix-mas, but the dark-coloured polished rachis will at once distinguish it.

129. N. (Last.) latifrons, Hk. ; caud. oblique ; st. about 1 ft. 1., strong,
densely clothed with 'deciduous scales • fr. 2-3 ft. ]., subdeltoid; lower pinna?

44. NEPHEODIUM, § LASTIIEA. 283

the largest, often 1 ft. 1., 6 in. br. ; pinnl. \ in. br., close, lanceolate-acuminate,
cut down about halfway to the rachis into blunt, entire lobes \ in. or more br. ;
texture herbaceous ; under surface mealy, with fine glands ; rachises slightly
scaly ; veinlets of the lobes simple ; sori large ; invol. f lin. br. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 138.

Hab. Sandwich Isles. — This also has a habit not unlike that of the large forms oT "
Filix-mas. Our description is taken from living plants sent by Dr. Hillebrand.

130. N. (Last.) ferrugineum, Baker ; st. 12-18 in. 1., densely clothed
throughout with spreading broad ovate concolorous scales ; Jr. 2 ft. 1. or more,
12-18 in. br., 'subdeltoid, the main rachis flexuose and pinnae spreading at a
right angle, the lowest 6-9 in. 1., 3-5 in. br. ; pinnl. of the under side the largest,
close, lanceolate, bluntish, cut down to the rachis into broad ovate segm. with
close subentire lobes g in. br. ; rachises finely pubescent ; both sides nearly
naked ; sori large, submarginal, 2-3 in a lobe, confined to the upper half. —
Lastrea, Beddome, FiL Ind.t. 100.

Hab. Neilgherries, Oapt. Beddome. — This has altogether the habit and cutting of
Sphceroptei'is barbata.

131. N. (Last.) scabrosum, Baker; st. 12-18 in. 1., slender, stramineous,
furnished throughout with small, ovate, concolorous scales ; fr. l-jj;™2 ft. 1.,
12-18 in. br. ; lowest pinnce deltoid, 6-9 in. 1., 3-5 in. br. ; pinnl. of the lower side
the largest, with free lanceolate segm. ^-1 in. 1., cut down nearly to the rachis
into toothed ligulate lobes under 1 lin. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachises viscous-
pubescent, the hairs sometimes dense and ferruginous ; both sides nearly naked ;
sori small, usually 1 at the base of each ult. division ; invol. small, fugacious. —
Aspid. Kze.

Hab. Neilgherries, Schmidt, Mclvor, Sir F. Adam. — Polyp, niyrocarpum, Bedd. t. 169,
is probably this. We have a closely allied plant from Sikkim and Moulmeiu with tufted
fronds, larger and more delicate in texture, which will probably prove distinct.

132. N. (Last.) angustifrons, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping ; si. 1-2 ft. 1.,
ebeneous, deciduously scaly ; fr. 2 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br. ; pinnce distant, ereeto-
patent, flexuose, lanceolate, 4-6 in. 1., 2 in. br. ; pinnl. distant, lanceolate, cut
down to the rachis below into subquadrangular toothed lobes | in. br. ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachises and both sides naked ; veinlets of the lobes forked ; sori
in rows close to the midribs of the pinnules. — Lastrea, Moore.

Hab. Nepaul, Wallich. — This seems a well-marked plant, perhaps nearest on the
whole to N. sparsum.

133. N. (Last.) oppositum, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., densely clothed with
spreading, linear, dark-brown scales ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., subdeltoid ;
lower pinnce 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl. close, linear-lanceolate, cut down
nearly to the rachis into close, entire, slightly falcate, linear-oblong lobes ^ in.
br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachises scaly ; veinlets of the lobes simple ; sori small,
submarginal ; invol. thin. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 136. t. 266.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon. — This closely resembles the next in cutting, but the
spreading scales of the rachis are \ in. 1., and the sori are more regular and nearer
the edge.

134. N. (Last.) intermedium, Baker ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., stout, erect, densely clothed
at the base with long bright-brown silky fibrils ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br.,
subdeltoid ; lower pinnce lanceolate, often 1 ft. ]., 4-5 in. br. ; pinnl. close,
lanceolate, with distinct, oblong-lanceolate segm. with ligulate subentire lobes
about 1 lin. br. ; texture herbaceous, firm ; rachises slightly fibrillose like the
stem ; under surface naked or slightly scaly on the midribs ; sori small, copious,

284 44. TSEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA.

nearer the midrib than the edge ; invol. thin, fugacious. — Aspid. JBlume ! (non
Muhl.) ; N. Blumei, HI. (in part).

Hab. N. India to Ceylon, Philippines, Malaccas, and Japan.

135. N. (Last.) lepigerum> Baker; st. 12-18 in. 1., angular, clothed only at
the [base with long, linear-subulate scales ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1^-2 ft. br. ; lower
pinnce often 1 ft. 1., 6 in. br. ; lowest pinnl. much the largest, sometimes
compound, the others lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into broadly-toothed or
entire, blunt, linear-oblong segm., the latter 2 lin. br. ; rachises and costae
beneath rather densely clothed with linear scales ; texture herbaceous, the rest of
the surface naked ; sori small, copious, nearer the edge than the midrib ; invol.
thin.

Hab. Isle of Bonin ; received from the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg, and the
U. S. Expedition of 1853-6. — Differs from the preceding by its larger lobes, distinct
linear basal scales, and scaly under surface.

136. N. (Last.) obtusilobum, Baker ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., firm, erect, densely clothed
with large, ovate, concolorous scales ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 1^-2 ft. br. ; lower pinnce
often 1 ft. 1., 6 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, most of the segm. of the lower ones
distinct, ovate-oblong, cut down to the rachis into oblong-rhomboidal entire
lobes, the largest ^ in. deep, ^ in. br. ; texture herbaceous, turning blackish when
dried ; rachises slightly scaly, the upper ones, and especially the under surface,
more or less glandular ; lower veinlets of the entire lobes forked ; sori medial.

Hab. Ceylon, Dr. Thwaites, C. P. 3142. — Most like N. intermedium in size and
cutting, but the scales different, the under side very glandular, and the texture thinner.

137. N. (Last.) Boryanum, Baker (non Hk.) ; st. 2-3 ft. ]., stramineous or
brownish, deciduously scaly ; fr. ample, 6-8 ft. 1., 2-3 ft. br. ; lower pinnce
12-18 in. 1., 6 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, 3-4 in. 1., cut down to a winged rachis
into blunt, spreading, more or less toothed lobes 2-3 lin. br. ; texture herbaceous ;
rachises and under side naked ; veinlets simple or forked ; sori in rows near the
midrib. — N. divisum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 133.

Hab. Himalayas (up to 7,000 ft.), Madras, Moulmein, Java, Bourbon. See remarks
under N. Bojeri. — This is a well-marked plant, and our Mascaren examples quite agree
with those from India.

138. N. (Last.) catopteron, Hk. ; st. 3-4 ft. 1., pubescent ;fr. 4-6 ft. 1., 2-3 ft. br.,
lower pinnce 12-18 in. L, oblong-lanceolate, with close lanceolate pinnl. or sub-
deltoid, with some of the pinnl. of the lower side compound ; segm. oblong, bluntish,
about -I? in. L, ^ in. br., more or less deeply pinnatifid ; texture herbaceous ;
rachises and both surfaces villose ; veinlets forked ; sori copious ; invol. firm.—
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 137. A. odoratum, Mett. (non Willd.}

Hab. Cape Colony to Natal, Mascaren Isles, and Guinea Coast. Specimens from
Fernando Po are quite naked on both sides, and have a very distinctly marked wing to
the rachis of the pinnules.

139. N. (Last.) setigerum, Baker; rhizome creeping; st. 1-2 ft. 1., naked
upwards or scaly throughout ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1. ; lowest pinnce the largest, often
8-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnl. close, linear-lanceolate, 1-3 in. 1., ^-^ in. br., cut
down to the rachis into close pinnatifid lobes not more than 1 lin. br. in the
broadest form ; texture herbaceous ; main rachis straw-coloured, naked, or more
or lec-s fibrillose ; rachises of the pinnl. and under side finely villose ; sori minute,
copious, often 8-12 to a lobe; invol. very fugacious. — Cheilanthes, Blume. — N.
tenericaule, Hk. Sp. 4. p, 142. t. 269. Aspid. uliginosum, Kze. Mett. .

Hab. Japan, China, and N. India to Ceylon and Malay, and Polynesia as far east
as the Society Isles. — A common plant within its range, very variable in size and vesti-

44. NEPHRODIUM, § LASTREA. 285

ture. It has received many names, of which Blurae's is the oldest. Polypodium pallidum
and nemorale, Brack. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 266, are apparently only the ordinary form, with sup-
pressed or undeveloped involuci-es ; but Capt. Beddome considers P. ornatum, Wallich,
as a distinct plant, distinguishable from this by its erect caudex and the constant absence
of an involucre.

140. IN". (Last.) subglandulosum, Baker ; st. 1 ft. 1., stout, polished, reddish-
brown, deciduously scaly throughout ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. br. ; lowest pinnce
much reduced, the largest lanceolate, 6-9 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br. ; pinnl. spreading,
close, 1 in. 1., § in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into close, entire, blunt
lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachises of the pinnae and under side villose and the
latter glandular ; sori small, about 6 to the larger lobes, placed midway between
the midrib and edge. — Aspidium, Mett.

Hab. Bourbon, Vieillard and Deplanclie. — The alliance of this is close with the
preceding,

141. N. (Last.) Grisebachii, Baker ; st. 2-3 ft. L, densely clothed at the base
with lanceolate scales 1 in. or more 1., 1-1| lin. br., which leave distinct
tubercles when they fall ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 2 ft. or more br. ; lower pinnce often
1 ft. 1., 6 in. br. ; pinnL close, lanceolate, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis
into oblong-toothed segm. % in. br. ; texture herbaceous ; colour bright-green ;
rachis very slightly fibrillose and under side naked ; sori small, copious, medial ;
invol. fugacious. — A. amplum, Qriseb. (in part, not H.B.K.}. N. amplum,
HTc. Sp. 4. p. 264.

Hab. Cuba, G. Wright, 1055. — This differs from the next principally in the scales.

142. N. (Last.) amplum, Baker ; st. 2-3 ft. L, densely clothed at the base with
an entangled mass of soft, bright, silky scales ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 2 ft. or more br. ;
lower pinnce often 1 ft. 1., 6 in. br. ; pinnl. close, lanceolate, cut down nearly or
quite to the rachis into oblong, crenated or pinnatifid lobes 2-3 lin. br. ; texture
herbaceous ; rachises clothed with soft furfuraceous scales ; under surface naked
or slightly glandular, the rachis often scaly ; sori copious, small, medial ; invol.
very fugacious. — Aspid. U.B.K. Polyp. Sloanei, Kze. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 263.
N. Palatanganum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 260.

Hab. West Indies southward to Ecuador, and a plant from Pitcairu's Island is probably
the same. — Asp. lutescens, Willd. (Plum. 34), is most likely this species.

143. N. (Last.) catocarpum, Hk. ; st. 1^-2 ft. 1., densely clothed at the base
with long, linear, pale-brown scales ; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 1^-2 ft. br., subdeltoid ;
pinnce lanceolate-deltoid, 8-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnl. close, oblong-lanceolate,
obtuse, 2-3 in. L, ^-^ in. br., cut down to the rachis below into close, blunt, nearly
entire lobes J in. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachises slightly scaly ; under side
naked ; sori small, in rows midway between the edge and midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 259.

Hab. Venezuela. — A less compound plant than the last, with larger divisions and
different scales.

144. N. (Last.) fmcatum, Hk.; st. 2-3 ft. L, densely clothed with a mass of
very narrow intertangled ferruginous scales ; fr. 3-6 ft. L, 2 ft. or more br. ;
lower pinnce 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., lanceolate or deltoid ; pinnl. lanceolate ;
segm. oblong obtuse, cut down nearly to the rachis into close, entire lobes
l|-2 lin. br. ; texture herbaceous ; all the rachises densely clothed with small
furfuraceous scales ; costce beneath slightly scaly ; sori copious, medial. — Hk.
Sp. 4. p. 36.

Hab. Columbia to Peru. — This has as large divisions as the last, but is much more
compound and scaly, with the basal scales different. The Galapagos Polyp, paleaceum,
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 261, probably belongs here.

286 44. NEPHRODIUH, § LASTREA.

145. N. (Last.) villosum, Presl; st. tufted, 2-3 ft. or more 1., stout, usually
villose and densely clothed with spreading scales ; fr. 4-6 ft. or more 1., 2-3 ft.
or more br. ; pinnae often 2 ft. 1., 1 ft, br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down to the
rachis into close, oblong, pinnatifid segm.; largest entire lobes | in. 1., ^ in. br. ;
texture herbaceous ; rachises densely villose and both sides also more or less
pubescent ; sori copious ; invol. flat, £ lin. br., often suppressed. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 134. t. 264.

Hab. West Indies southward to Peru and Chili. — A very fine plant, said to attain
sometimes a height of 18 ft. The involucre is as often suppressed as developed.
P. subinciswm, Karstenianum, Berteroanutn, and vestitum of the Species .Filicum appear
to be all villose forms of this without an involucre, and P. spectabile a subglabrous
form. See Grisebach's West Indian Flora, p. 691.

146. N. arborescens, Baker; caud. 10-12 ft. high; fr. ample; lower pinnae
12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, distinctly stalked, 3-4 in. 1., l-]j in.
br., cut down to the rachis, except at the point, into lanceolate deeply pinnatifid
segm. g-J- in. br., which are obliquely truncate on the lower side at the base ;
rachis slightly scaly ; texture herbaceous ; both surfaces naked ; veinlets pinnate
in the lobes of the segms. ; sori small, medial ; invol. naked, firm, persistent,
very distinctly reniform.

Hab. Samoa, Rev. T. Powell.

ft Texture coriaceous. Sp. 147-153.

147. N. (Last.) Triance, Baker ; st. smooth, stramineous or reddish ; fr.
1^-2 ft. 1., 9-10 in. br., broadly oblong, acuminate, tripinnatifid ; pinnce distant,
7 in. 1., 2-2^ in br., sublanceolate ; pinnl. numerous, 1-| in. 1., \ in. br., unequal-
sided, cuneate on both sides at the base, pinnatifid or subpinnatifid, with close,
oblong, usually entire lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides
naked ; ultimate veins simple, the lower ones on the upper side of the midrib
falling short of the edge ; sori dorsal or submarginal ; invol. large, membranous.
— Aspid. Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 243.

Hab. New Granada, Triana. — Distinguished by the shape of its pinnules and lower
veins not reaching the edge.

148. N. (Last.) acutum, Hk. ; st. 2 ft. or more 1., firm, smooth, polished ;
fr. 2 ft. or more 1., 12-18 in. br. ; lower pinnce oblong-lanceolate, 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in.
br. ; pinnl. linear-lanceolate, J-f in. br., cut about one-third down to the rachis
into blunt falcate lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ;
sori copious, principally in rows close to the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 147. t. 271.

Hab. Brazil and Peru. — In outline this comes nearest to N. furcatum, but it is quite
naked, and more rigid in texture.

149. N. (Last.) platypus, Hk. ; st. 1-3 ft. or more 1., smooth, glossy, with
a dense tuft of bright-coloured scales at the base ; fr. 1-^-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. and more
br., deltoid ; lower pinnce 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl. deltoid, obliquely
truncate on the lower side at the base ; lower segm. often free, ^-^ in. br., ovate-
oblong ; teeth mucronate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked
and glossy ; sori large, copious, in rows close to the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 149.

Hab. Java, Moulmein, Khasia. — A doubtful plant, some of the specimens of which
are very like some of the forms of Aspid. aristatum, but with a large, distinctly-reniform
involucre.

150. N. (Last.) hispidum, Hk. ; rhizome stout, creeping ; st. 12-18 in. 1., brown,
densely clothed with squarrose, fibrillose, nearly black scales ; fr. 12-18 in. 1.,
8-12 in. br., subdeltoid ; pinnce lanceolate, the lowest deltoid ; lowest pinnl.
larger than the others, which are lanceolate, with lanceolate segm. cut down

44. NEPHRODIUM, §§ EUNEPHEODIUM. 287

to a winged rachis into small, oblong, or linear, sharply-toothed lobes ; texture
coriaceous ; rachises fibrillose ; both surfaces glossy ; sori copious. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 150.

Hab. New Zealand, Australia (very rare), Mauritius, Bouton.—A. well-marked plant.

151. N. (Last.) denticulatum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., densely clothecf
with linear scales at the base, naked above ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., deltoid ;
lower pinnae much the largest ; lowest pinnL larger than the others, which are
lanceolate or subdeltoid, with segm. which are again pinnate, with spathulate or
subrhomboidal lobes with spinose teeth ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both
sides naked, glossy ; sori scattered, copious. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 147. A. Klotzschii,
Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 23.

Hab. W. Indies and Guatemala to S. Brazil. — There is a very rigid variety (A. di$-
, Fe"e) with linear, mucronate alternate divisions.

152. N. (Last.) davallioides, Baker ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping ; st. strong,
1^-2 ft. 1., brownish, naked, the dense fibrillose scales confined to the base ; fr.
3-4 ft. 1., 2 ft. or more br., deltoid ; lower pinnae often 1 ft. 1. by nearly as
broad ; pinnl. deltoid, with lanceolate or deltoid segm., the lobes of which are
again deeply pinnatifid ; all the divisions unequal-sided, the ultimate ones
small, sublinear, mucronate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides nearly
naked ; sori small, copious ; invol. firm, reniform. — Lastrea, Brack, p. 202.

Hab. Fiji, Tahiti, and Samoa. — The alliance of this is with the next species, but it is
much more finely cut.

153. N. (Last.) effmum. Baker ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 2 ft. 1. or more,
polished, slightly scaly below ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 2 ft. or more br., 4-5 pinnatifid ;
lower pinnce 12-18 in. 1., often 1 ft. br. ; pinnl. close, lanceolate, acuminate ;
segm. lanceolate or subdeltoid, unequal-sided, the lower ones cut down to the
rachis into oblong, pinnatifid, bluntish lobes, often J in. br. ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachises usually scaly ; both sides pale-green, glossy, naked ; sori
copious, scattered; invol. generally absent. — Polyp, divergens, Hk. Sp. 4.

p. 265. N. amplissimum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 145. — (3, -TV. excultum, Hk. ; fr. often
tripinnatifid only, the ult. divisions always broader and less deeply cut. — Hk.
Sp. 4. p. 149.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Brazil and Peru. — P. effusum .and. excultum appear to be
less, and P. divergens more divided forms of the same plant. P. dilatatum, Liebm.
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 264, does not differ materially. N. macrostegium, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 148, is
apparently a coriaceous variety, with firm, distinctly-developed reniform involucres.
We have a single specimen of a plant from West Tropical Africa, gathered by Dr.
Curror, which may be this species.

§§ Eunephrodium. Lower veinlets of contiguous groups united. Sp. 154-196.
* Fronds ligulate, not cut down to the rachis unless at the very base. Sp. 154-158.

154. N. Cumingianum, »I. Sm. ; st. tufted, slender, naked, 2-4 in. 1. ; fr. 3-4
in. L, -^-f in. br., lanceolate-oblong, narrowed gradually at both ends, entire or
slightly sinuated ; texture subcoriaceous ; both surfaces naked ; veins pinnate, in
groups of 2-3 on a side. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 63.

Hab. Panama.

155. N. SMnneri, Hk. ; st. tufted, slender, villose, 2-3 in. 1. ; fr. 6-8 in. L,
| 1 in. br., lanceolate-acuminate, terminating abruptly below, with oblong-
falcate subentire lobes reaching halfway down in the centre, and often^quite to
the rachis at the base ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; lower sidey especially the

288 44. NEPHRODIUM, §§ EUNEPHRODIUM.

midrib, villose ; veins in groups of 8-10 on a side, which are slightly united or
quite free. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 64. 2nd Cent. t. 25.

Hab. Guatemala, Skinner; Andes of Ecuador, Spruce, 5293.

156. N. Wriffhtii, Hk. ; rhizome creeping ; st. 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, greyish ;
fr. 6-9 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., lanceolate-oblong, cut down nearly to the rachis above
and quite below into close, oblong, entire, or auricled, spreading lobes ^-j in. br. ;
texture coriaceous ; rachis and under surface villose ; veinlets in groups of 10-18
on a side, sometimes forked ; sori submarginaL — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 64. t. 239.

Hab. Cuba, Wright, 824.

157. N. scolopendrioides, Hk. ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. ]., scaly ; fr. 1 ft. or more L,
1-2 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, the point acute, central lobes reaching nearly
down to the rachis, oblong, nearly entire, close or with a space between them,
lower ones quite free and gradually smaller ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ;
rachis and under side finely hairy ; veinlets of the lobes forked or sometimes
slightly pinnate and the groups joining ; invol. very fugacious. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 65.
Fil. Ex. t. 18. Polypod. L.

Hab. West Indies. — We include here Goniopt. strigosa, ferax, affinis, and domingensis
of Fe'e.

158. N. incisum, Baker ; st. tufted, 2-6 in. 1., stramineous, scaly below ; fr.
1 ft. or more 1., f-1^ in. br., linear-oblong, lobes triangular or lanceolate, often
not reaching more than one-third down to the rachis, the frond narrowed very
gradually below so as to form a scarcely cut wing to the stem ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; under surface finely villose ; veins in simply pinnated groups of
6-12 on a side ; invol. very fugacious. — Polypod. Sw. N. stenopteris, Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 65.

Hab. West Indies and New Granada.

** Fronds large., pinnate ; rhizome wide-creeping. Sp. 159-176.
t Lower pinnce hardly, if at all, reduced. Sp. 159-170.

159. N. Otaria, Baker; st. 6-12 in. 1., substramineous ; fr. 1 ft. or more I.,,
with a linear-oblong terminal pinna 4-6 in. L, 1-1^ in. br., the apex acuminate,
the margin with finely serrated lanceolate lobes reaching £-| of the way down,
and 3-6 distant spreading similar lateral ones on each side, the lower ones
stalked ; texture thinly herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins
pinnate in each lobe, the groups united from about midway from the midrib to
the edge ; veinlets 6-8 on each side, with sometimes a sorus on each. — N. aris-
tatum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 62» t. 238. Anisocampium, Presl.

Hab. Philippines, Neilgherries, Ceylon.

160. N. distans, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or more L, firm, erect, brownish, slightly
villose ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 8-10 in. br. ; pinnce spreading, 3-4 in. L, f in. br., very
slightly lobed, the lower ones rather smaller than the others ; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous ; rachis and midrib beneath villose and veins slightly so ; veins
pinnate in the lobes, with 5-6 veinlets on a side ; rows of sori filling up nearly
the whole space between the midrib and the next row ; caps, naked. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 76.

Hab. Madagascar, Boivin ; Johanna Island, Dr. Kirk. — This in venation and pinnse
comes under Abacopteris, Fe'e ; and Dr. Kirk's specimens show that it differs distinctly
from N. glandulosum by its strong ^ide-creeping rhizome.

161. N. varians} Fee; st. 1 ft. 1., smooth, with linear, blackish scales at the

44. NEPHRODIUM, §§ EUNEPHRODIUM. 289

base ; fr. 1 ft. 1., 10 in. br., with 13-15 pinnae on each side, the lower ones 5 in.
1., |- in. br., the point acuminate and toothed, the edge lower down bluntly lobed
J of the way to the rachis, the base subcuneate ; rachis and both sides naked ;
veins pinnate in the lobes, with 3-4 veinlets on a side ; sori medial. — Fee, Fil.
Ant. t. 24.

Hab. Trinidad, Germain.

162. N. unitum, R. Br. (non Sieb.) ; st. 12-18 in. 1., brownish, naked ; fr. 2 ft.
or more 1., 6-8 in. br. ; pinnae 4-5 in. 1., \ in. br., the edge cut from a third to
halfway down into spreading, triangular, sharp-pointed lobes; lower pinnce not
dwindling down ; texture coriaceous ; veins pinnate in the broad lobes, with 6-8
veinlets on each side, with sori near the extremity principally in the lobes ; caps.
naked. — Polyp. L. fide Mett. Aspid. Mett. Fit. Ind. p. 230. — a, A. gongylodes,
Schk. ; rachis and under side naked. — /3, A. propinquum, R. Br. ; rachis and
under side villose. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 79.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Brazil and Peru ; Polynesian Isles ; Hong-Kong
and Himalayas to Australia and New Zealand ; Mascaren Isles, Natal, Cape Colony,
Angola, Guinea Coast, Algiers. — We follow Mettenius in nomenclature, but the unitum
of the Linnaean herbarium is Sieber's plant, our cucullatum.

163. N. sophoroides, Desv. ; st. 1 ft. or more L, slender, substramineous,
pubescent ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br. ; pinnce spreading, 4-6 in. L, ^-f in. br., the
apex acuminate, the edge cut about one- third of the way down into oblong-
triangular subfalcate lobes ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and under
surface finely villose ; veins pinnate in groups, with 8-10 veinlets on a side,
with sori distant from the midrib ; caps, naked. — Polyp. Thunb. A. molle,
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 68 (in part}.

Hab. Japan to Hong-Kong and Formosa. — Very near the preceding in the shape of
its pinnae and lobes, but smaller and thinner in texture, and less rigid.

164. N. pteroides, J. Sm. ; st. 1-2 ft. L, slender, stramineous or greyish,
slightly scaly below ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnce spreading, 4-8 in. 1.,
| in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge cut one-third or halfway down into
oblong or subtriangular lobes ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both
sides nearly naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 8-10 veinlets on each side ;
sori quite marginal and confined to the lobes. — Polyp. Retz. N. terminans,
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 73. (in part).

Hab. Himalayas, Neilgherries, Ceylon (Gardner, 1106), Malaccas, Philippines (Cuming,
48, 293), S. China, Queensland, Samoa. — This has, like the two preceding, oblong-trian-
gular lobes 1^-2 lin. br., not reaching more than one-third down, and differs from them
by having the sori quite confined to the lobes.

165. N. extensum, Hk. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., naked or slightly pubescent, brownish ;
fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ; pinnce 6-9 in. L, ^-f in. br., cut about two-
thirds down to the rachis into linear-oblong lobes; lower pinnce scarcely shorter
than the rest ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; under surface naked or slightly
villose ; veinlets 6-8 on a side, often only the lowest pair united ; sori in rows,
nearly terminal in the veins, and not confined to the lobes. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 72.
t. 240. A. (in part). Aspid. Bl. ! A. conioneuron, Mett.

Hab. Ceylon (Gardner, 1362), N. India, Malaccas, Neilgherries (Beddome, t. 85),
Philippines (Cuming, 391).— This is joined to the preceding by Mettenius. The texture
is more herbaceous, and the lobes are much narrower and deeper, with a considerable
space between them.

166. N. Serra, Desv. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., firm, glossy, substramineous ; fr.
2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnce spreading, 6-12 in. L, £-£ in. br., cut down

2 o

290 44. NEPHRODIUM, §§ EUNEPHRODIUM.

about halfway to the midrib into subtriangular, falcate, acute lobes, the lowest not
smaller than the next pair ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 6-10 veinlets on a side ; sori in rows
apart from the midrib. — N. augescens, Fee. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 79.

Hab. West Indies. — According to Grisebach, this is the Serra of Swartz. It is
distinguished by its very narrow rigid pinnae, with deep sharp lobes.

167. N. pallidivenium, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., stramineous, naked or
nearly so ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinnae 4-6 in. 1., f-1 in. br., cut two-thirds
of the way down to the rachis into linear-oblong, slightly falcate lobes ; lower
pinnae not much smaller than the rest ; texture coriaceous ; under surfaces naked
or villose ; veinlets close, prominent, 12-16 on a side, the small sori in close rowrs
about midway between the midrib and edge. — Polyp. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 8.

Hab. Guinea Coast, Vogel, Barter, Mann ; and gathered in the Livingstone Expedition
on the shores of Lake Nyassa. — Characterized in the group by its rigid texture, deep,
close lobes, and very numerous veinlets.

168. N. dissectum, Desv. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping ; st. 1 ft. or more 1.,
stout, brownish, villose ; fr. l|-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinnce numerous, 4-5 in. 1.,
| in. br., cut about one-third down into sharp, triangular, falcate lobes ; lower
pinnce distant and dwarfed ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and under surface
villose ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 6-8 veinlets on a side ; sori in rows
close to the midrib ; caps, setose.— Polyp. Forst. Asp. Mett. Fil. Ind. p. 232.
A. attenuatum, Sw.

Hab. Common in the Polynesian Islands. — Very like N. cucnllatum, from which it is
distinguished by its setose capsules and lower pinnae not dwarfed.

169. N. procurrens, Baker ; st. 2 ft. 1., villose above ; fr. 18 in. 1., 10 in. br. ;
pinnce 5-6 in. 1., cut down to a narrow wing into oblong, obtuse lobes, the
lowest not much shorter than the others and deflexed ; rachis and both surfaces
more or less villose ; texture herbaceous ; veinlets 5-6 on a side, with sori midway
between the midrib and edge. — Asp. Mett. Fil. Ind. p. 231.

Hab. Java. — Very like N. molle, but distinguished by its creeping rhizome.

170. N. longipes, Moore ; st. 3-4 ft. 1., livid ; fr. 3 ft. 1., 9-10 in. br. ; pinnce
5-6 in. 1., | in. br., cut two-thirds of the way down into oblique, rather acute,
oblong lobes, with a distinct sinus between them ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper
surface densely hairy on the veins, lower less so ; veins 8-10 on a side ; sori
placed midway between the midrib and edge. — Aspid. Bl. Mett. Fil. Ind.
p. 231.

Hab. Java. — With this we are not acquainted.

** Lower pinnce conspicuously reduced. Sp. 171-176.

171. N. cucullatum, Baker ; st. 1 ft. 1., strong, erect, brownish, nearly naked ;
fr. 18-24 in. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinnce close, 4-6 in. 1., \ in. br., cut down one-third
of the way to the rachis into triangular, acute, subfalcate lobes ; lower pinnce
dwindling down suddenly into mere auricles ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and
lower surface densely pubescent ; veins pinnate in the lobes, 8-10 veinlets on a
side ; sori subterminal ; caps, naked. — Aspid. Bl. Mett. Fil. Ind. p. 232. N.
unitum, Sieb. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 81. (in part). N. canescens, Presl.

Hab. N. India, Ceylon, Malaccas, Mascaren Isles, Fiji.

172. N. Haenkeanum, Presl ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, erect, slightly pubescent ;
fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 12-15 in. br. ; pinnce 6-8 in. 1., £ in br. ; cut from one-third to

44. NEPHRODIUM, §§ EUNEPHRODIUM. 291

halfway down into acute subfalcate lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; racJiis and
under surface finely pubescent ; veinlets 10-12 on a side ; sori subterminal. —
A. multilineatum, Mett. FiL Ind. p. 232. (non Wall.)

Hab. Ceylon, Malaya, Fiji. — Much larger and less hairy than the last, with more
numerous veins, and a very fugacious involucre. A plant sent from Mauritius by_
Lady Barkly as N. datum, Bojer, is probably distinct. It has medial sori, 14-16 veinlets
on a side and fronds sometimes 2 feet broad.

173. N. multijugum. Baker ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, erect, subglabrous ; fr. 3-4
ft. 1., 12-15 in. br. ; pinnae 6-8 in. 1., |-§ in. br., cut two-thirds of the way down
to the rachis into close, acute, subfalcate lobes £ in. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides nearly naked ; veinlets 10-12 on a side ; sori near the
midrib. — Aspidium, Wattich.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula. — This comes very near the last, but is nearly naked and
more deeply cut, with the sori in a different position.

174. N. hirsutum, J. Sm. ; st. 1 ft. or more ]., grey, villose ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1.,
1 ft. br. ; pinnce very close and numerous, spreading, the largest 10 in. 1.,

in. br., cut down halfway to the rachis into entire, linear-oblong, subfalcate
obes ; the lower ones with a gland beneath at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis densely clothed with soft spreading hairs ; under surface glandular ;
veins 6-8 on each side ; sori medial. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 70. t. 240. B. (not Don).

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 82. — Habit of the two last, but the veins much fewer, sori
medial, and lower pinnse with a large gland at the base.

175. N. aridum, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., erect, naked ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 12-18 in.
br. ; pinnce 6-9 in. 1., f-1 in. br., cut about one- third of the way down into sub-
triangular sharp-pointed lobes ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and lower surface
naked or slightly hairy ; veinlets 8-10 on a side ; sori in rows about midway
between the midrib and edge ; caps, naked. — Aspid. Don Prod. Fl. Nep. p. 4.
A. venulosum, Wall. A. obscurum, Bl.

Hab. N. India, Philippines, Malayan Peninsula. — This differs from the three preceding
by the under side being nearly or quite naked, and in the position of the sori. A . callosum,
Blume, quite agrees with this, except that there is a large prickle-like gland at the base
of the pinnse, and sometimes also of the veins.

176. N. venulosum, Hk. ; st. 1£ ft. 1., naked, greyish, sharply angled ; fr.
4 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ; pinnae numerous, the lowest short and very distant, the
largest 8-9 in, 1., 1 in. br., cut down halfway to the rachis into slightly-toothed
oblong lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; both surfaces naked ; colour bright-green ;
veins about 9 on each side, conspicuous above, with a sorus on each midway to
the edge.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 71.

Hab. Fernando Po. — A large plant, most like N. truncatum in habit and texture, but
the rhizome creeping.

*** Fronds large, pinnate ; caudex erect or suberect. Sp. 177-196.
f Pinnce entire or slightly lobed, so that most of the veinlets unite. Sp. 177-184.

177. N. glandulosum, J. Sm. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., naked or slightly
villose ; fr. 1 foot or more 1., 4-6 in. br., with 8-12 spreading pinnce on each
side, those of the barren fr. the largest and closest, 2-3 in. 1., f-1 in. br., the
margin entire or slightly lobed, the base abruptly truncate and sometimes
auricled ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and under surface naked or
slightly villose, sometimes glandular ; fertile pinnce contracted, the main veins
not more than 1 lin. apart ; veinlcts 4-8 on a side, with the sori close to the
midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 76. Abacopteris, Fee.

292 44. NEPIIRODIUM, §§ EUNEPHRODIUM.

Hab. Assam, Philippines, and Malayan Isles. — This includes three species of Mette-
nius, — his glandulosum, asperum, and lineatum, which we cannot separate clearly.

178. N. amboinense, Presl ; st. tufted, 6-8 in. 1., greyish, nearly naked ;
fr. 2 ft. or more 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinnae spreading, 3-4 in. 1., ^-f in. br., cut
about a quarter down into bluntish slightly falcate lobes ; lower pinnae shorter
and deflexed ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and under surface slightly
pubescent ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 4-6 veinlets on a side ; sori in rows
close to the midrib ; caps, naked. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 75.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 83, 317 ; N. India, Malayan Isles ; Ceylon, Thwaites, 3390.
— Very near N. molle, but more papyraceous in texture, and not so hairy or so deeply
lobed.

179. N. Arbuscula, Desv. ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., naked or slightly pubescent ;
fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br. ; pinnce close, numerous, 3-4 in. 1., §--| in. br., cut a

quarter or less down into blunt lobes, several of the lower pairs short and
distant ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and lower side finely villose ; veinlets distant,
3-4 on a side ; sori in close rows. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 74. A. Hookeri, Wall. Hk.
2nd Cent. t. 22.

Hab. Mascaren Isles, Ceylon, Neilgherries, Amboyna, Philippines, Solomon Isles.

180. N. abortivum, J. Sm. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, quite naked ; fr.
1-2 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br. ; central pinnce 3-4 in. 1., f-£ in. br., cut about one-third of
the way dowrn into close, entire, truncate lobes £ in. br. ; lower pinnae distant
and reduced suddenly to mere auricles ; texture firm, herbaceous ; racMs and
both sides quite naked ; veinlets 6-8 on a side ; sori medial. — Aspid. Blume. A.
decurtatum, Kze.

Hab. Penang, Java, Ceylon. — Allied to glandulosum, but the pinnae lobed, and the
veins more distant.

181. N. refractum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1., naked, glossy ; fr. 12-18 in. I.,
6-9 in. br. ; pinnce growing gradually less from near the bottom to the top, the
lower ones deflexed, 4-5 in. 1., f in. br., the lowest pairs very much so, the lobes
broad and blunt, reaching about a quarter of the way down to the midrib ;
texture herbaceous ; colour bright-green ; rachis and surfaces glabrous ; veinlets
6-8 on a side ; sori medial ; invol. minute, fugacious. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 162. t. 252.

Hab. Brazil. — Well marked by its bright-green colour and peculiar habit. A Fern
gathered in Trinidad by Aldridge, N. deflexum, J. Sm. MSS., has similarly deflected
lower pinnae, but they are narrower, and the lobes reach halfway down to the midrib.
It is not unlikely that this is Polyp, retroflexum, Linn., founded on Plumier's t. 68.

182. N. latipinna, Hk.MSS. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1,, slender, naked -,fr. 8-12 in. L,
3-5 in. br., the upper half or third lanceolate, pinnatifid, with broad, oblong
lobes ; below this several pinnce on each side, the largest 2-3 in. 1., ^-| in. br.,
cut about one-quarter of the way down into broad, oblong, subfalcate lobes ;
lower pinnce much reduced and distant ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis
and both sides naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 3-5 distant veinlets on each
side, with a sorus about the centre of each. — N. molle, /3, Benth. Fl. Hong. p. 455.

Hab. Hong-Kong and Java. — Very doubtfully distinct from N. molle.

183. N. pennigerwn, Hk. ; st. tufted, stout, 8-12 in. 1., finely villose ; fr. 2-4
ft. ]., 12-18 in. br. ; pinnce numerous, spreading, 6-9 in. 1., l-l|"in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge cut about a quarter of the way down to the midrib into
oblong falcate lobes, the lower pinnse dwarfed and distant ; texture herbaceous
or subcoriaceous ; rachis and under surface finely villose ; veinlets 6-9 on a side ;
sori medial ; caps, setose. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 82. Aspid. pennigerum, Bl. (non Sw.}.
A. multilineatum, Wall. N. articulatum, Moore, J. Sm. A. megaphyllum, Mett.

Hab. Himalayas, Ceylon, Malaccas, Johanna Island, Angola, Guinea Coast.

44. NEPHRODIUM, §§ EUNEPHRODIUM. 293

184. N. c?/atheoides, Kaulf. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, naked, glossy, greyish ; fr.
2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnce close, spreading, 4-6 in. 1., |-1 in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge irregular, furnished with acute forward-pointing teeth to a
depth of 1-2 lin., the lowest pair not shorter than the next ; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins in pinna-
tifid groups of 10-12 veinlets on a side, with often a sorus on each close to the
main vein.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 76. t. 241. A.

Hab. Sandwich Islands and Sumatra. — Allied to N. ferox, but less deeply cut, and the
stem not fibrillose.

tf Pinnce cut from one-third to two-thirds down to the midrib. Sp. 185-196.

185. N. asplenioides, Baker; st. 6-9 in. 1., greyish, villose ; fr. 12-18 in. 1.,
4-5 in. br., oblong, the lower half pinnate ; upper pinnce close, oblong, entire,
blunt, those next in order connected by a wing to the rachis and bluntly lobed,
the longest 2-3 in. 1., \ in. br., bluntly lobed one-third of the way to the midrib,
the lowest distant and growing gradually shorter ; texture subcoriaeeous ; rachis
and under surface finely hairy ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 6-8 veinlets on
each side ; sori minute, in rows near the midrib. — Polyp. Sw. N. scl crop hy Hum,
Presl. Hk.Sp.±.p. 65.

Hab. West Indies.

186. N. hispidulum, Baker; st. tufted, slender, 12-18 in. 1., greyish, villose;
fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6 in. br. ; pinnce distant, spreading, 3-4 in. 1., J-§ in. br., the
apex acuminate, the edge cut about halfway down into oblong, slightly falcate
lobes, the lower ones suddenly dwarfed down to mere auricles ; rachis slender
and under surface finely villose ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 3-4 veinlets on
each side, with a large sorus on each near the edge ; caps, naked. — Asp. Decaisn.
N. angustifolium, Presl. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 69.

Hab. Philippines and Malay Isles. — This is nearest N. Arbuscula, but the pinnae are
much narrower and more deeply lobed.

187. N. molle, Desv. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., rather slender, deciduously
hairy ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinnce spreading, 4-6 in. 1., £ in. br., cut about
halfway down to the midrib into scarcely falcate, blunt lobes, the lower pinnse
distant and rather shorter than the others ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and
surfaces finely villose ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 6-8 veinlets on a side ;
sori distant from the midrib ; caps, naked. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 67. (in part}.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Peru and Brazil ; Himalayas and Hong-Kong to New Zealand
and N. S. Wales ; Mascaren Isles, Cape Colony, Guinea Coast, Azores, Cape Verdes,
Madeira. — A variable plant. Of forms not safely separable A. violascens, Link, has an
often rather bright-coloured purplish rachis ; the E. Indian P. molliusculum, Wall., and
Mauritian N. Hilsenbergii, Presl, have the lobes deeper and narrower than in the type ;
the S. American N. Jamesoni, Hk., is a less cut reduced form ; the Javan A . pilosius-
culum, Mett., has setose capsules ; the Antillean A. pellitum, Willd., J. Smv blunt pinnae
only f in. br. ; and the Philippine N. diversilobum, Presl, some of the lobes irregularly
dilated and pinnatifid. There seems no reason to doubt this is the Linnaean Polyp, para-
siticum ; but the name molle is so thoroughly well established for the species, that it
seems a pity to drop it.

188. N. heterocarpon, Moore ; st. tufted, 1-2 ft. 1., slender, villose ; fr. 2-3 ft.
1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinnce 5-6 in. 1., £ in. br., cut down halfway or more to the
rachis into linear-oblong subfalcate lobes ; lower pinnce abruptly dwarfed ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis and under surface villose, and the latter glandular ;
veins pinnate in the lobes, with 8-10 veinlets on a side ; sori in rows close to the
main vein ; caps, naked. — Aspid. Bl. Mett. Fil. Ind. p. 233. N, molle, Hk.
Sp. 4. p. 67. (in part}.

Hab. Hong-Kong and Malaccas. — Very near some of the forms of N. molle, but less

294 44. NEPHRODIUM, §§ EUNEPHRODIUM.

hairy, and densely glandular beneath, with the lower pinnse suddenly dwarfed. A. dimor-
phum, Kze., is said to differ from this by the presence of a gland at the base of the
pinnae.

189. N. stipellatum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1., grey, naked ; fr. 2 ft. 1., 8-10 in.
br. ; pinnae 4-5 in. 1., f in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge cut about one-third
down into oblong-falcate lobes, the base with a large scale-like gland beneath
the midrib ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and midrib beneath villose ; veins
pinnate in the lobes, with 6 veinlets on a side, with sori in rows near the main
vein. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 70.

Hab. Java. — A more coriaceous plant than A. molle, with broader lobes, the under
surface nearly naked. A. latebrosum, Kze., is said to differ from this by being more
deeply lobed, with the under surface glandular, and the basal gland bluntly tubercular,
not scale-like.

190. N. crinipes, Hk. ; st. 12-18 in. 1., stout, erect, densely clothed with brown
linear scales ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 8-12 in, br. ; pinnae horizontal, 4-6 in. 1., ^-| in. br.,
cut about halfway down into close linear-oblong lobes ; rachis scaly in the lower
part ; texture herbaceous, both sides naked ; veinlets 6-8 on a side ; sori medial.
—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 71.

Hab. Sikkim (subtropical region), Hk. fil. and Tftomson ; Malacca, Griffith. — Best dis-
tinguished from truncatum by its scaly stem and rachis.

191. N. venustum, J. Sm. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., naked, greyish, glossy ;
fr. 2 ft. or more 1., 1 ft. br. ; pinnae numerous, spreading, 6 in. 1., 1 in. br., with

blunt oblong lobes reaching halfway down ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and
both surfaces naked, glossy ; veins about 8 on each side, with sori principally in
the lobes close to the edge. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 71.

Hab. Jamaica. — About midway between molle and Irachyodon. A Mexican specimen,
sent by Professor Keichenbach as A . paludosum, Liebm., may be the same plant, but the
veinlets are closer and more numerous (10-12 on a side).

192. N. ferox, Moore ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, densely fibrillose, the hairs black
and leaving the stem rough when they fall ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., sometimes 2 ft. br. ;
pinnae rather close, spreading, 6-12 in. 1., f-1 in. br., apex very acuminate,
edge cut about a third down into lanceolate-falcate lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ;
both surfaces glossy ; veins in pinnated groups of 10-12 veinlets on a side, with
often a sorus on each close to the main vein. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 77. Phegopteris,
Mett. Polyp, barbatum, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 11. Goniopt. Lobbiana, Fee.

Hab. Kumaon, Philippines, Java. — A well-marked species.

193. N. sagittcefolium, Moore ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., tufted, stout, erect, villose ; fr. 3-4
ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnce numerous, spreading, 6-8 in. 1., f in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge cut from one-third to halfway down into oblong-falcate
lobes, the lower pinnae suddenly dwarfed and deflexed ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and under surface densely villose ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 8-10
veinlets on a side, with a sorus midway on each ; caps, setose. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 78.

Hab. Java.

194. N. truncatum^ Presl ; st. tufted, stout, erect, 2 ft. 1., greyish, naked or
slightly villose ; fr. 2-4 ft. L, 12-18 in. br. ; pinnce 6-9 in. L, fin. br., cut down
one-third or more of the distance to the rachis into blunt, spreading, oblong
lobes ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; lower pinnce distant, small ; under surface
nearly or quite naked ; rachis slightly villose ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with
6-8 veinlets on a side, with a sorus on each near the main vein. — Aspid. Mett. Fil.
Ind. t. 234. N. abruptum, Presl. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 77. t. 241. B. N. Hudsonianum,
Brack. N. eusorum, Thwaites.

44. NEPHRODIUM, §§§ PLEOCNEMIA. 295

Hab. N. India to Ceylon, Malaccas, Australia, and Polynesian Isles. — A much larger
and less herbaceous plant than A. molle, with close, blunt lobes, and the rachis and under
surface nearly or quite naked. The Mauritian N. caudiculatum, Sieb., is either the same
or closely allied. J. Smith distinguishes the Indian from the .Polynesian plant, calling
the former abruptum, the latter truncatum.

195. N. brachyodon, Hk. ; at. tufted, 1-2 ft. 1., greyish, naked ; fr. 2-3 ft71.~
12-18 in. br. ; pinnce 6-9 in. 1., l^-lf in. br., cut from one-third to half the way
down into blunt, oblong, slightly falcate lobes ; lower pinnce not much smaller
than the others ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins
pinnate in the lobes, with 10-15 veinlets on a side, with a sorus on each about
midway between the midrib and edge ; invol. small, fugacious. — Hk, Sp. 4. p. 83.
Phegopteris Seemanni, J. Sm.

Hab. W. Indies and Panama southward to Peru and the Galapagos group ; Malayan
Peninsula and Isles.

196. N.Fendleri, Hk., tf. tufted, 1-2 ft. 1., greyish, naked; fr. 2-3 ft. 1.,
12-15 in. br. ; pinnce 6-8 in. 1., 1^ in. br., cut about a third of the way down
into oblong blunt lobes; lower pinnce not much smaller than the others ; texture
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with
10-12 veinlets on a side ; sori marginal and almost confined to the lobes; invol.
firm, persistent.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 82.

Hab. Venezuela, Fendler, 372 ; Guiana, Appwn, 1035. — Very like the last in texture
and cutting.

§§§ Pleocnemia, Presl. Lower veinlets of contiguous groups united, and those of
the same group slightly so. Sp. 197-200.

197. N. (Pleo.) dissidens, Hk. ; st. 5 in. 1., villose ; fr. 8 in. 1., 4-5 in. br.,
oblong-lanceolate ; pinnce 2J in. 1., f in. br., with oblong-acute lobes ; texture
thin and flaccid ; rachis and frond pubescent ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with
8-9 veinlets on a side, the lower ones forming costal arches ; sori 4-6 in each
side near the margin of the lobes ; invol. small, ciliated. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 66.

Hab. Porto Rico. — We have not seen this, and take the description from Mettenius.

198. N. (Pleo.) heterophyllum, Hk. ; rhizome creeping ; st. 2-4 in. 1., densely
villose ; fr. 5-6 in. 1., 1 in. br., simple, with blunt, oblong, slightly falcate lobe's
reaching a quarter of the distance to the midrib ; texture coriaceous ; both
surfaces villose, especially the edge and midrib beneath ; veins pinnate in the
lobes, those of the sterile frond anastomosing towards the edge ; veinlets 5-6 on
each side, with a sorus on each. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 62. 2nd Cent. t. 20. Haplo-
dictyum, Presl.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 322.

199. N. (Pleo.) excellens, Bl.; st. naked, greyish; fr. ample, bipinnatifid ;
lower pinnce 1 ft. 1., 3-4 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into entire,
lanceolate lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces nearly naked ;
veinlets of the lobes slightly pinnate and mostly forming costal arches ; sori
small, copious, principally in two irregular rows near the midrib of the lobes. —
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 63. Proferea, Presl.

Hab. Java, Blume.

200. N. (Pleo.) Leuzeanum, Hk. ; caud. subarborescent, densely scaly at the
crown ; st. 2-3 ft. 1., stout, striated ; fr. 4-6 ft. 1., subdeltoid ; pinnce 12-18 in. 1.,
6-8 in. br., simple, or the lowest with 2-3 large pinnated pinnl. from the lower
side ; segm. 3-4 in. 1.. f-lj in. br., with oblong, subfalcate, entire, or sinuated lobes

296 44. NEPHRODIUM, §§§§ SAGENIA.

reaching down a broadly- winged rachis ; veins pinnated in the lobes ; sori
copious, usually in close single rows in the lobes. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 61.

Hab. N. India, Hong-Kong, Philippines, Malaccas, Fiji, Samoa. — A variable plant,
of which Presl and others make several species. Sometimes the venation is quite free,
and sometimes only the veinlets of contiguous groups are joined, and the lobes vary
from as broad as deep, when they are blunt and entire, to four times as broad as deep,
and deeply crenated. The involucre is very fugacious.

§§§§ Sagen ia, Presl. Veins anastomosing copiously, usually with free included
veinlets. Pinnce and segments ample. Sp. 201-224.

* Sori copious, scattered irregularly. Sp. 201-212.

201. N. (Sagen.) Singaporianum, Baker ; rhizome creeping ; st. subtufted,
those of the fertile fronds 6-12 in. 1. ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 2-4 in. br., oblong,
entire, acuminate at the apex, narrowed rather suddenly and then decurrent
gradually at the base ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; primary
veins distinct nearly to the edge ; areolce copious, with free included veinlets ;
sori numerous, close, 4-6 in a line between the main veins. — Asp. Wall. Hk.
Sp. 4. p. 42. Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 26. Podopeltis, Fee.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Isles.

202. N. (Sagen.) ternatum, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 6-9 in. 1.,
slender, stramineous ; fr. sometimes simple, 8-10 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., oblong,
entire, narrowed gradually to the apex and base, but more usually trifoliate, the
lateral pinnae like the terminal one but smaller ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ;
main veins distinct nearly to the edge ; areolce copious, but rather large, with a
few free veinlets ; sori distant, in two distinct rows, and a few others between ;
invol. distinct, persistent.

Hab. Borneo, Lobb, Wallace, Motley.

203. N. (Sagen.) vastum, Baker ; rhizome creeping ; st. scattered, narrowly
winged, often nearly or quite to the base ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., cut
down to a broadly-winged rachis into entire linear-oblong pinnce 6-12 in. 1.,
1-2 in. br. ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; main veins distinct
f of the way to the edge, connected by copious areolae with free included
veinlets ; sori small, scattered. — Aspidium, Blume. A. alatum, Wall. Hk. Sp.
4. p. 47. Hk. $ Gr. Ic. t. 184.

Hab. Himalayas and Malayan Peninsula and Isles.

204. N. (Sagen.) melanocaulon, Baker ; rhizome ascending ; st. 1 ft. or more 1.,
ebeneous, glossy, scaly at the base ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 9-15 in. br., ovate-deltoid, with
a large, deeply pinnatifid, terminal pinna, and 1 to 4 lateral ones on each side,
the central one deeply pinnatifid, with ovate-acuminate lobes, the lowest stalked,
6-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., often again pinnate at the base ; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous ; rachis ebeneous ; main veins reaching the edge, with numerous fine
areolse with free included veinlets between them ; sori numerous, minute,
scattered ; invol. small, fimbriated, fugacious. — Aspid. Blume. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 53.
(in part).

Hab. Philippines and Malayan Isles.

205. N. (Sagen.) subtriphyllum, Baker; rhizome creeping ; st. 1 ft. or more 1.,
substramineous or brownish ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 8-12in.br., subdeltoid, with a
large, deeply pinnatifid apex with lanceolate lobes ; below this 1 or 2 pinnce on
each side, the lowest stalked, distant, forked at the base or pinnatifid, the point
lanceolate ; texture herbaceous ; main veins distinct to the edge ; areolce fine, with

44. NEPHRODIUM, §§§§ SAGENIA. 297

copious free veins ; sori rather large but scattered, confined to the connected
veinlets.— Aspid. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 52.

Hab. Panama, Ecuador, Polynesia, China, Malaya, Ceylon, Mascaren Isles.

206. N. (Sagen.) latifolium, Baker ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., glossy, naked, brownish ; fr.
2-3 ft. 1., 12-24 in. br., the apex ample, deeply pinnatifid, with large, lanceolate,
sinuated lobes, below this 3-4pinnce on each side, the lowest 9-18 in. 1., deltoid,
long-stalked, cut down below into distinct pinnatifid pinnl. ; primary veins
distinct to the edge ; areolce fine, close, with free included veinlets ; sori rather
large but scattered, confined to the united veinlets ; invol. thin, fugacious. —
Polypodium, Forst. A. Forsteri, Kze. & Mett. (in part}.

Hab. Panama, Ecuador, Polynesian Islands, Guinea Coast.— This agrees with the
preceding in venation and the position of the sori, but is much larger and more compound.
A. latifolium, Presl, Hk. Syn. 4. p. 51. is apiifolium.

207. N. (Sagen.) Lobbii, Baker ; st. 6 in. or more 1., naked, substramineous ;
fr. about 1 ft. each way, subdeltoid, with an entire terminal pinna 4-6 in. 1.,
2-f in. br., tapering gradually from the middle to each end, and 2 similar lateral
ones on each side, the lowest long-stalked and tripartite ; texture subcoriaceous ;
veins obscure, the primary ones close and very oblique ; areolce without free
veinlets ; sori copious, scattered. — Aspid. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 59. t. 232.

Hab. Borneo.

208. N. (Sagen.) semibipinnatum, Baker; st. 1 ft. or more 1., pale-brown,
naked ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., with a linear-oblong terminal pinna 6-9 in. l.r
1 in. br., entire and narrowed towards both ends, and 4-6 smaller lateral ones on
each side, the lowest 1 or 2 pairs tripartite ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; veins
inconspicuous, the primary ones lost before they reach the edge, with fine, close
areolse between them, with free included veinlets ; sori minute, scattered,
confined to the connected veinlets. — Aspid. Hk. tip. 4. p. 59. t, 231.

Hab. Penang and Borneo.

209. N. (Sagen.) Meyanthidis, Baker ; rhizome creeping ; st. 6-12 in. 1., naked,
brownish ; fr. 1-2 ft. L, 1 ft. or more br., with an acuminate, oblong-lanceolate,
sinuated, terminal pinna 6-32 in. 1., 1-1| in. br., and 2-4 similar ones on each
side, the lowest stalked, sometimes forked ; texture subcoriaceous ; primary veins
close, conspicuous, prolonged to the edge ; areolce fine, with copious free veinlets ;
sori small, scattered, all on the connected veinlets. — Asp. Presl. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 57.

Hab. Philippines, Solomon Islands, New Guinea. — In habit and texture this most
resembles N. pachyphyllum, differing by its small irregular sori and pinnae narrowed
gradually to the base.

210. N. (Sagen.) irriguum, Baker; st. tufted, 4-6 in. L, greyish, finely
villose ; fr. 6-9 in. L, 4-6 in. br., subdeltoid, with a large oblong terminal
pinna with a pair of deep lanceolate lobes at the base, and below 1-2 pairs of
slightly sinuated lateral pinnae, the lowest forked at the base ; texture papy-
raceo-herbaceous ; main veins flexuose ; areolce fine, copious, with free included
veinlets ; sori small, scattered, often confluent ; invol. small, fugacious. — Aspid.
J. Sm. Mett. Fil. Ind. p. 239. Poly, menisciicarpon, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 86. (in part}.
Microsorium trifidum, Fee.

Hab. Philippines, Cuminc/, 31. — This may be a form of the next species, but the
irregular confluent sori are peculiar. Sagenia heterocarpa, Beddome (Ferns Brit. Ind.
t. 47), from Khasya, has similar sori, but agrees with typical polymorphism in general
habit.

211. N. (Sagen.) polymorphum. Baker ; rhizome creeping ; st. 1 ft. or more 1^

2 P

298 44. NEPHRODIUM, §§§§ SAGENIA.

naked, brownish ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., with a large, oblong, entire terminal
pinna 0-12 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., and 2-6 similar lateral ones on each side, the lower
Ones often forked ; texture subcoriaceous ; principal veins distinct to the edge ;
areolce fine, close, with copious free veinlets ; sori small, scattered, abundant,
all on the connected veinlets.— Asp. Wall. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 54. A. grandifolium,
Mett.

Hab. Himalayas (up to 4,000 ffc.) to Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula and Isles. — There is
a form with an ebeneous stipe.

212. N. (Sagen.) elatum, Baker ; st. 3-4 ft. 1., stout, erect, dull-brown, scaly
at the base ; fr. 3-3^ ft. 1., the apex nearly 2 ft. 1., 5-partite, the central lobe
5 in. br. at the base, the lowest reaching nearly down to the rachis, below this
3-4 pinnce on each side, the lowest stalked, 18 in. 1., 4-5 in. br., narrowed
towards both ends, slightly sinuated below ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ;
main veins dfetinct to the edge, £-f in. apart ; areolce tine, copious, with free
included veinlets ; sori close, large, copious, scattered irregularly, principally on
the connected veinlets.

Hab. Foot of Mt. Chimborazo, Spruce, 5725.

** Sori large , confined to a distinct row on each side of the principal veins.
Sp. 213-224.

213. N. (Sagen.) Pica, Baker; st. 6-12 in. 1., black, glossy; fr. 1-2 ft. 1.,
1 ft. or more br., pedato-pmnatifid, or more usually pinnate, with 1 or 2 pairs of
pinnce, which are 6-12 in. 1., 2 in. or more br., the edge broadly undulated, the
lowest sometimes with 1 or 2 large pinnl. on the lower side at the base ;
texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; main veins distinct to the edge ; areolce copious,
with free included veinlets ; sori in two rows between the primary veins. —
Aspid. Desv. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 46. A. trifoliatum, A uct. (in part}.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon. — Differs from A . trifoliatum by its ebeneous stems and
cordate involucre. A. puberulum, Desv., is a slightly-pubescent form.

214. N. (Sagen.) Zollingerianum, Baker ; st. 9-12 in. 1., naked ; fr. 8-12 in. 1.,
6-8 in. br., subdeltoid, the apex deeply pinnatifid, below this 3-4 pinnce on each
side, the lowest 3-4 in. 1., long-stalked, deltoid, cut down below into dis-
tinctly separated, deeply pinnatifid pinnl. with blunt linear-oblong lobes ; texture
subcoriaceous ; veins beneath prominent, anastomosing principally in large
costular arches ; areolce large, with free included veinlets, depressed so as to
form a cavity, in which on the end of the free vein the large copious sori are
placed. — Asp. Kze. A. immersum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 58. Phlebigonium, Fee.

Hab. Java, Zollinger ; and we have received copious specimens in Dr. Heifer's
Tenasserim collections.

215. N. (Sagen.) variolosum, Baker ; rhizome creeping ; st. 1 ft. or more 1.,
naked, brownish ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 8-12 in. br., subdeltoid, the apex deeply
pinnatifid, with lanceolate, acuminate, entire or sinuated lobes ; below this 1-3
pairs of lateral pinnce, the lowest much the largest, sometimes cut down to the
rachis at the base with a deeply pinnatifid pinnl. ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ;
primary veins distinct ; areolce rather large, with free veinlets ; sori large, in
rows near the veins, terminating free veinlets. — Asp. Wall. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 51.

Hab. N. India and Malaya. — This has quite the habit and texture of N. subtriphyllum,
differing in sori and venation.

216. N. (Sagen.) irregulare, Baker; st. 1 ft. or more 1., glossy, ebeneous ; fr.
2-3 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., the apex deeply pinnatitid, with lanceolate-acuminate
lobes, the lower ones sinuated, below this 3-5 pinnce on each side, the lowest much

44. NEPHRODIUM, §§§§ SAGENIA, 299

the largest, 8-12 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., deeply pinnatifid above, pinnated at the base,
lobes acute ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis glossy like the stipe ; main
veins distinct to the edge ; areolce fine, with copious free included veinlets ; sori
in rows near the main veins, mainly or entirely on the connected veinlets. —
Aspid. Brack, p. 180.

Hab. Polynesian Islands. — Doubtfully distinct from N. latifolium, from which it differs
by its more regular sori and ebeneous stem.

217. N. (Sagen.) decurrens, Baker ; rhizome creeping ; st. narrowly winged,
often nearly or quite to the base ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., cut down to a
winged rachis into 4-8 pairs of sinuated linear-oblong pinnae 6-12 in. 1., 1-2 in.
br., the lowest sometimes forked ; texture subcoriaceous ; principal veins distinct
to the edge, connected by copious areolse with free included veinlets; sori large,
in two regular rows between the principal veins. — Aspid. PresL A. pteropus,
Kze. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 47.

Hab. N. India, Ceylon, Philippines, Malaccas, Formosa, Aneiteum,Fiji, Samoa. — Habit
of N. vastum, from which it is well distinguished by the biserial sori. A dwarf form,
with fronds under 1 ft. 1., and the fertile ones much contracted, is figured from Ceylon
by Capt. Beddome, t. 245.

218. N. (Sagen.) siifolium, Baker; st. 1 ft. or more 1., naked, brownish ; fr.
1 ft. or more 1., 6-8 in. br., with a broad, oblong, acuminate, terminal pinna,
and 3-4 lateral ones on each side, the lowest stalked, 3-4 in. 1., 2 in. br., forked
at the base, the margin rather deeply lobed ; texture subcoriaceous ; primary
veins close, distinct to the edge ; areolce fine, copious, with free included veinlets ;
sori large, copious, in two close rows, often confluent. — Polypod. Willd. Aspid.
Matt. Fil. Ind. p. 237. A. Teysinannianum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 41. t. 236. Polyp,
menisciicarpon, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 86. (in part).

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 4. Java and Sumatra.

219. N. (Sagen.) pachyphyllum, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., naked, brownish ;
fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., with an oblong-lanceolate, entire, or sinuated terminal
pinna 6-12 in. 1., f-l£ in. br., and 4-8 similar erecto-patent lateral ones on each
side, the lower ones forked at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; primary veins
straight and distinct nearly to the edge ; areolce fine, with copious free included
veinlets ; sori large, in two regular rows. — Asp. Kze. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 56. A.
grande, J. Sm. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 55.

Hab. Philippines and Malay Isles, Solomon Isles, Fiji.

220. N. (Sagen.) Barteri, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., naked, substramineous ;
fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., with an oblong, entire terminal pinna 9-12 in. ].,
3-4 in. br., acuminate at the apex and narrowed gradually to the base, and
3-4 similar ones on each side, all simple, the lowest slightly stalked ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; main veins distinct to the edge, J in.
apart ; areolce fine, copious, with free included veinlets ; sori rather small,
placed in two regular rows near the main veins ; invol. minute, fugacious,—
Aspid. J. Sm. Ferns, B. & F. p. 286.

Hab. Fernando Po, Barter and Mann. — Most like N. polymorpJium in habit and
texture.

221. N. (Sagen.) cicutarium, Baker ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., brownish or ebeneous ;
fr. 1-2 ft. 1., subdeltoid, the apex deeply pinnated, with sinuated lanceolate
lobes ; below this 3-6 pinna? on each side, the lowest subdeltoid, deeply pin-
natifid or pinnate below ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; main
veins distinct to the edge ; areolce with few or no included free veinlets ; sori
rather large, in two rows near the main veins on connected or free veinlets. — •

300 45. NEPHROLEPIS.

Polyp. Linn. Aspid. Sw. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 48. — j3, N. apiifolium, Hk. & Am. ;
larger and more compound ; lower pinnae deltoid, 1 ft. or more 1. ; rachis broad-
winged above, often free below ; sori sometimes immersed. — A. latifolium,
Presl. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 51. A. dilaceratum, Kze. '

Hab. Cuba and Mexico southward to Brazil and Peru, Polynesian and Malayan
Islands, Himalayas (up to 4,000 ft.), Neilgherries, Ceylon, Mascaren Isles, Zambesi-land,
Angola, Guinea Coast. — This includes all the Eusagenice (six species) of Moore's Index.
The extremes differ in size very much, but all the forms appear to agree in sori and
venation.

222. N. (Sagen.) Griffithii, Baker ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., brownish, not glossy ; fr. 3-4
ft. 1., with a large terminal pinna, cut down nearly to .the rachis in 'the lower
part into lanceolate divisions, with deep lanceolate-acuminate lobes, below this*
several pinnse on each side, the lowest deltoid, 1 ft. or more 1., by nearly as broad,
deeply pinnatifid above, pinnate below ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; main
veins distinct to the edge, with copious free included veinlets ; sori rather large,
in two rows, nearly all terminating free veinlets.

Hab. Burmah, Griffith. — This comes nearest the largest forms of the preceding, but
the venation is closer, and it has copious free veins, and sori not on the connected veinlets.

223. N. (Sagen.) giganteum, Baker ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., glossy, chesnut-brown ; fr.
2-3 ft. L, 12-18 in. br., deeply pinnatifid at the apex, with lanceolate sinuated
lobes ; below this 4-6 pinnce on each side, the lowest much the largest, often
1 ft. 1., pinnate at the base, with deeply pinnatifid pinnl. ; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins anastomosing principally in
costal arches ; sori large, terminating free veins, principally in rows on the lobes
on both sides the main veins. — Aspid. Blume. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 50.

Hab. Ceylon, Philippines, Malaya. — Resembles N. cicutarium in habit, but the texture
is thicker, and the venation much less compound.

224. N. (Sagen.) macrophyllum, Baker ; st. tufted, 1-2 ft. 1., dull brownish,
Bcaly below ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., with a large terminal pinna, often
forked at the base, and 4-8 lanceolate-oblong lateral ones on each side, 6-12 in. 1.,
1-3 in. br., entire or slightly lobed, the lowest pair forked at the base ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces usually naked ; primary veins
continued nearly to the edge, with numerous fine areolse with free included
veinlets between them ; sori in 2 rows between each primary vein. — Aspid.
Swz. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 56.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba and Mexico to Brazil and Peru. — The Malayan
A. ffaenkei, Presl, is either a form of this or very near it.

GEN. 45. NEPHROLEPIS, Schott.

Sori round, arising from the apex of the upper branch of a vein, generally
near the edge. Invol. reniform or roundish. Veins in all free, the fronds simply
pinnate, with the pinnae articulated at the base and often very deciduous in the dried
plant, with white cretaceous dots on the upper surface. Belts the world in the
Tropics, passing a little beyond them both north and south. TAB. V. f. 46.

1. N. cordifolia, Baker ; caud. suberect or oblique, the wiry fibres often
bearing tubers ; st. tufted, wiry, 1-4 in. L, slightly scaly ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 1^-2 in.
br. ; pinnce close, often imbricated, about 1 in. 1., |-| in. br., usually blunt, the
edge entire or slightly crenate, the under side rounded or cordate, the upper
distinctly auricled at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis slightly scaly ; both
sides nearly naked ; sori in a row about midway between the midrib and edge ;
invol. firm, distinctly reniform, oblique or opening towards the outer edge. —

45. NEPHROLEPIS. 301

Polypod, Linn. N. tuberosa, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 151. — (3, N. pectinata, Schott ; no
tubers, stem and rachis naked, pinnae less distinctly auricled at the base on the
upper, obliquely truncate on the lower side.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Brazil and Peru ; Japan and N. India southward to
Australia and New Zealand ; Mascaren Isles, Zambesi -land, Guinea Coast. /3 restricted
to the New World. — Distinguished from the two next by its narrower frond, close blunt"
pinnse, and submedial sori. Here belong N. occidentalis, Kunze, N. imbricata, Kaulf.,
N. obtusifolia, Presl, and N. delicatula, Decaisne ; the latter a small delicate N. Indian
form.

2. N. exaltata, Schott ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., firm, naked, or slightly scaly ;
fr. 1-2 ft. or more 1., 3-6 in. br. ; pinnce close, l|-3 in. 1., |-^ in. br., usually
acute, the edge entire or slightly crenate, the upper side auricled, the lower
rounded at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides nearly naked ;
sori submarginal ; invol. firm, distinctly reniform. — HTc. Sp. 4. p. 152. — /3, N.
hirsutula, Presl ; rachis densely and both surfaces more or less coated with
ferruginous down. — Polyp. Forst.

Hab. Cuba, the Bahamas, and Mexico to Peru and Brazil ; Polynesia ; N. India and
Chusan to Queensland and Ceylon ; Mauritius, Angola, Zambesi-land, Guinea Coast. —
To this appear to belong N. volubilis, J. Sin., a straggling flexuose form, and the American
A. pendulum, Haddi, and A. pilosum, L. and F., the former a large pendulous, and the
latter a more delicate pilose plant. The typical form differs from the next species by its
smaller size and firmer distinctly reniform involucres ; but in some of the forms which
agree with this in habit, as the New World A. sesquipedale, Willd., N. valida, Kze.,
N. neglecta, Kze., and Old World N. biserrata, Schott, the involucre resembles that of
^V. acuta.

3. N. acuta, Presl ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., firm, naked or slightly scaly ; fr. 2-4
ft. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinnce 4-8 in. 1., ^-1 in. br., acute, the edge entire or slightly
crenate, the upper side auricled, the lower rounded at the base ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both sides nearly naked ; sori submarginal ; invol. sub-
orbicular, subpeltate. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 153. N. punctulata, Presl. N. ensifolia,
Presl. N. splendens, Presl.

Hab. Cuba and Guatemala to Peru and Brazil ; Polynesia, Hong-Kong, and Loo Choo to
Queensland ; Mascaren Isles, Zambesi-land, Natal, Angola, Guinea Coast. — As will be seen,
this is almost identical with the preceding in its distribution. There is also a ferrugineo-
tomentose variety of this, which appears to be N. rufescens, Presl. N.platyotis, Kuuze,
is a form with the auricle sometimes 1 in. 1.

4. N. ramosa, Baker ; st. very short, scattered, on a slender, wiry, wide-
creeping rhizome ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-3 in. br. ; pinnce ^-1^ in. 1., J--J in. br.,
slightly crenate, the upper edge auricled and truncate, parallel with the stem,
the lower oblique ; texture papyraceous ; rachis and both sides slightly villose,
the whole plant turning blackish when dried ; invol. roundish, very fugacious. —
Aspidium, Beauv. N. obliterate, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 154. N. trichomanoides, J. Sm.

Hab. West Tropical Africa, Johanna Island, Ceylon, Philippines, Malaccas, Australia,
Samoa, Fiji. — Beauvois' is the oldest name, and he has given a characteristic figure in
the Flore d'Oware. Polypodium ? Beckleri, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 224, is this in a small barren

state.

5. N. altescandens, Baker ; st. very short, distant, on a slender, wiry, wide-
creeping rhizome ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-3 in. br. ; pinnce ^-1^ in. 1., j-^ in. br.,
distinctly crenato-pinnatifid, the upper edge auricled and truncate, parallel with
the stem, the lower oblique ; texture papyraceous ; rachis and both sides more or
less villose, the plant keeping green whe'n dried ; invol. very fugacious. — Polyp.
Colla, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 218. P. procurrens, Kze.

Hab. Juan Fernandez, Samoa, Queensland, N. S. Wales. — This differs from the pre-
ceding by its firmer texture, crenate pinnae, and by not turning at all black when dried.

302 46. OLEANDRA.

Both have the stem usually jointed a short distance above the base, as in J. Smith's
Arthropteris. N. tennis, Moore, is a small form, and A", repens of Brackenridge apparently
belongs in part to this, and in part to N. ramosa.

6. N. floccigera, Moore ; st. furfuraceous ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinnce
4-6 in. L, f-| in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge crenated to a depth of 1 lin.,
the base slightly unequal ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and under surface
furfuraceous ; sori in the crenations ; invol. firm, reniform. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 155.

Hab. Java and Celebes. — Resembles exaliata in habit, but the pinnse are distinctly
crenated, and the sori placed at the tip of the lobes.

7. N. davallioides, Kze. ; caud. short, stoloniferous ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1.,
scaly towards the base ; fr. drooping, 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; lower pinnce
barren, 4-8 in. L, -|-1 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge inciso-crenate to a
depth of 1 lin. or less, fertile pinnse narrower, the lobes deeper and bearing each
a single sorus at the point ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis furfuraceous, both
sides nearly naked ; invol. reniform. — HTc. Sp. 4. p. 155. Fil. Ex. t. 60.

Hab. Java. — Clearly distinguished by its pinnatifid fertile pinnse, with the sori at the
tip of the lobes. Ophioglossum acuminatum, Hout., is the oldest name.

GEN. 46. OLEANDRA, .Gav.

Sori round, inserted in a row near the base or below the centre of the compact
free veinlets. Invol. reniform. A small genus, almost restricted to the Tropics,
distinguished from Nephrodium mainly by habit, with wide-creepinq scandent shoots,
jointed stems, and entire lanceolate-elliptical fronds. TAB. V. f. 46.

1. O. neriiformis, Cav. ; shoots woody, suberect, clothed with adpressed scales ;
st. \-l in. 1., with the joint below the middle ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., f-1^ in. br.,
scattered, or in opposite pairs, or often in terminal whorls, narrowed gradually
towards both ends ; texture generally subcoriaceous and both sides naked ; sori
in two rather irregular rows near the midrib ; invol. oblique. — HTc. Sp. 4. p. 156.
(in part}. Fil. Ex. t. 58.

Hab. America— N. Granada and Guiana to Brazil and Peru ; Fiji, N. Guinea, Samoa,
Aneiteum, N. India (up to 6,000 ft.), Philippines, Malaccas, Guinea Coast. — A variable
plant, but we cannot distinguish clearly more than one species with firm suberect shoots.
0. phyllarthron, Kze., is a form with small, rigid, sessile fronds ; 0. micans, Kze. ;
0. hirta, Brack. ; 0. mollis, Presl ; 0. Trujulensis, Karst. ; 0. hirtella, Miquel ; and
0. pilosa, Hk., are S. American plants, with thinner and more or less pilose fronds, and
with the sori often in an irregular wavy line not close to the midrib, as in 0. articulata.

2. 0. muscefolia, Kunze ; shoots firm, wide-climbing, clothed with adpressed
scales, curving upwards to where it bears the fronds singly or in tufts of 2 to 5,
and then downwards ; st. £-1 in. 1, jointed close to the base ; fr. 6-12 in. L, 1-1^ in.
br., narrowed gradually towards both ends ; texture subcoriaceous, naked or
the midrib slightly pilose ; sori in two irregular rows near the midrib ; invol.
oblique.— Mett. Fil. Ind. p. 240.

Hab. Ceylon and Malay Isles. — Well distinguished from the preceding by its different
mode of growth. 0. Moritzii, Kunze, is a form with more scattered fronds and sub-
squarrose scales.

3. O. articulata, Cav. ; shoots firm, suberect, wide- climbing, clothed with
linear-subulate adpressed scales ; st. scattered, sometimes opposite but not
whorled, 1-2 in. 1., with the joint close to the base ; fr. 6-12 in. L, l|-2 in. br. ;
texture subcoriaceous ; midrib beneath slightly scaly ; sori in two irregular
rows, often some distance from the midrib. — 0. neriiformis, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 156.

47. FADYENIA. 303

(in part}. — /3, 0. Welwitzchii, Baker ; shoots weaker, wide-trailing ; scales linear-
subulate, squarrose.

Hab. Natal, Mascaren Isles, Seychelles, Guinea Coast ; /3, Angola, Dr. Welwitzsch. —
The typical plant is about midway in mode of growth between species 1 and 4 ; /3 has
the trailing shoots and spreading scales of nodosa, but in other respects agrees jwith_
this.

4. 0. nodosa, Presl ; shoots trailing horizontally, densely clothed with linear-
subulate spreading scales ; st. scattered, 2-6 in. 1., often ebeneous, articulated
not far from the base ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1^-2^ in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge
entire ; texture subcoriaceous, both sides glossy ; sori scattered, placed nearly
all in the inner half of the frond ; invol. $ lin. br. — HJc. Sp. 4. p. 157.

Hab. West Indies and Guiana. — Distinguished from all the other species by its trailing
shoots, satiny gloss, and copious irregularly-scattered sori.

5. O. Wattichii, Hk. ; shoots trailing horizontally, the scales fibrillose,
spreading, ferruginous ; st. close or scattered, ^-2 in. 1., jointed close to the
hase ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., f-liljr in. br., the apex acuminate ; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous or subcoriaceous; rachis naked or scaly ; both sides naked \ sori in
single rows close to the midrib ; invol. ^ lin. br., ciliated, opening towards the
edge.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 158.

Hab. N. India, up to 7,000 ft.

6. 0. Cumingii, 3. Sm. ; shoots trailing horizontally, clothed with adpressed
linear scales ; st. close or scattered, 2-3 in. 1., articulated near the base ; fr. 12-18
in. 1., 1^ in. br., narrowed gradually towards both ends ; texture herbaceous ;
rachis and both sides slightly pubescent ; sori in two irregular rows near, but
not close to, the midrib ; invol. firm, oblique. — HJc. /Sp. 4. p. 155. O. chinensis,
Hance. — /3, O. Sibbaldi, Grev. ; texture thinner ; surfaces more hairy ; sori in
very irregular wavy lines not so near the midrib. — Ann. Nat. Hist. 2 ser. 1.
p. 327,

Hab. Canton, Assam, Philippines, Neilgherries, and Malaya. — Var. longipes, Hk.,
from Moulmein, has stems 4-5 in 1., articulated near the middle. /3, Tahiti ; gathered
by Sibbald and Bidwell. Probably this occurs in Tropical Australia, as there are speci-
mens amongst Leichhardt's plants.

GEN. 47. FADYENIA, Hook.

Sori oblong, in two series near the midrib, terminating free veirilets. Invol.
large, subreniform, attached by the centre, free all round the edge. A single
West Indian species. TAB. V. f. 47.

1. F. prolifera, Hk. ; fr. entire, dimorphous, the sterile ones f-1 in. br.,
elongated and rooting at the apex, the fertile one ligulate, narrowed below,
6-9 in, 1., 2f-f in. br. ; veins anastomosing copiously; texture subcoriaceous;
sori filling up nearly the whole space between midrib and edge. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 160. Fil. Ex. t. 36.

Hab. Cuba and Jamaica.

304 48. POLYPODIUM, § EUPHEGOPTERIS.

B. Exinvolueratse. Son without an involucre. TRIBES 11-13. GEN. 48-61.

TRIBE 11. POLYPODIES.

Sori on the back of the lobes, round or rarely oblong, not more than twice as long
as broad. GEN. 48.

GEN. 48. POLYPODIUM, L.
Characters of the Tribe.

The largest genus, including plants of two different modes of growth, each series
including a number of species of each of the different kinds of venation and from all
TAB. V. f. 48.

* Desmobryoid series. Habit and mode of growth of Aspidiece, i. e. stems
continuous with the caudex, and sori always medial on the veins. Phegopterist
Mett. Sp. 1-90.

§ Euphegopteris. Venation of Lastrea, i. e. veins free. Sp. 1-55. TAB. 48.
Fig. C.

* Pinnae entire or lobed less than halfway down to the midrib. Sp. 1-7.

1. P. (Pheg.) cordatum, Hk. ; st. very short, slender, stramineous, pubescent ;
fr. 3-4 in. 1., 1 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ; pinnce oblong, entire, blunt, 2 lin. br.,
rounded at the base and stalked, the lower ones reduced ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and under side finely pubescent ; veinlets of the pinnae usually simple, with
medial sori.—Hk. Sp. 4. p. 233.

Hab. Cuba. — Probably a free-veined form of P. reptans, with which Mettenius
unites it.

2. P. (Pheg.) hastcefolium, Sw. ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. L, wiry, deciduously scaly ;
fr. 6-9 in. 1., If- 2 in. br. ; pinnce blunt, entire, £ in. br., with a sharp distinct
auricle on both sides at the base, those of the lower half of the frond reduced
gradually ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis villose ; under side nearly naked ;
veinlets forked, with the sori below the middle. — Hk, Sp. 4. p. 232.

Hab. West Indies.

3. P. (Pheg.) flavo-punctatum, Kaulf. ; st. 1^-2 ft. L, slightly scaly towards
the base ; fr. 2-3 ft. or more 1., 12-18 in. br. ; pinnw 6-9 in. 1., 1-1 Jin. br., the
apex acuminate, the edge crenate or inciso-dentate, the lower ones slightly
stalked, 2 in. apart, the lowest not reduced ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ;
rachis naked or slightly scaly, both sides naked ; main veins only about 2 lin. apart,
with 3-4 veinlets on each side, all except the upper ones uniting ; sori medial. —
(B, P. Prionitis, Kunze ; pinnce lobed from a quarter to a third of the way down
to the midrib.— //£. Sp. 4. p. 239.

Hab. W. Indies and Mexico to Peru and. Brazil. — Neph. Imrayanum, Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 86. t. 242. A., is evidently the same plant, and I cannot see an involucre. The name
is derived from minute pellucid yellow dots, which are scattered over the frond. It may
be P. rotundifolium, Willd. (Plumier, t. 38).

4. P. (Pheg.) Sancta-Gabrieli, Hk. ; st. 18 in. 1., firm, erect, brownish, glossy,
scaly only at the base ; fr. 2 ft. 1., nearly 1 ft. br. ; pinnce spreading, the lowest
stalked, 6-6 in. 1., •£-$ in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge bluntly lobed to a
depth of a line, the base on the upper side with a distinct rhomboidal auricle ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets 2-3 on a side ; sori
copious.— #£. Sp. 4. p. 233.

48. POLYPODIUM, § EUPHEGOPTERIS. 305

Hab. St. Gabriel, Amazon Valley, Spruce, 2153. — Very near the last, of which it may
be a form.

5. P. (Pheg.) alleopterum, Kunze ; st. 1| ft. 1. ; fr. 1£ ft. 1., 1 ft. br., ovate-
oblong, slightly narrowed below ; pinnae 6 in. 1., \\ in. br., the edge inciso-
crenate, with subfalcate acute or obtuse lobes, the base unequal, the lower pinnae_
stalked ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinleti
2-5 on a side ; sori large, close to the main veins. — Mett. Pheg. p. 19.

Hab. Columbia.

6. P. (Pheg.) Tijuccanum, Raddi ; st. 1-1 £ ft. 1., stout, erect, densely clothed
with fibrillose brown scales ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ; lower pinnce stalked,
6-9 in. 1., 1-1£ in. br., cut about halfway down to the rachis into blunt entire
lobes £• in. br., lower ones not reduced ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachises
scaly ; under side naked ; veinlets 6-9 on a side, simple, with the sori below the
middle.— £tf. Sp. 4. p. 239.

Hab. Guiana, Brazil, and Peru.

7. P. (Pheg.) Walkerce, Hk. ; st. 12-18 in. 1., strong, erect, substramineous,
deciduously scaly ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; lower pinnce distinctly
stalked, 6-12 in. 1., 1 in. br., acuminate, the edge crenated or slightly or deeply
lobed ; texture coriaceous ; rachis slightly scaly ; under surface quite naked,
glossy ; veins immersed, in free pinnated groups, with 5-6 very oblique veinlets
on a side ; the sori distant from the midrib of each. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 234. — /3, bi-
pinnatum ; lower pinnce 1 ft. 1., with distinct unequal-sided pinnatifid pinnl.
cuneate at the base.

Hab. Ceylon. — A doubtful plant ; a is probably a form of Aspidlum caducum, with-
out an involucre ; whilst /3 comes near to A. aristatum y, but is without spinose teeth.
The various forms are figured by Capt. Beddome, t. 234-5.

** Pinnce cut more than halfway down to the rachis into close, regular ', subentire
lobes. Sp. 8-24. Veinlets all simple except in 20-24.

8. P. (Pheg.) paucijlorum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 6-8 in. 1., firm, polished, brownish,
naked ; fr. 8-10 in. 1., 4-5 in. br., lanceolate ; lower pinnce distinctly stalked,
2-3 in. 1., | in. br., cut halfway down or more into close, broad, blunt lobes,
lowest not reduced ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and under side a little
hairy ; veinlets simple, 4-5 on a side, with a few sori near their apex. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 242.

Hab. Surinam, Hostmann, 64.

9. P. (Pheg.) deflexum, Baker ; caud. erect, the scales ovate, dull-brown ; st.
2-3 in. 1., slender, naked, stramineous ; fr. 8-12 in. 1., 2 in. br. ; pinnce 1 in. 1.,
J in. br. ; lanceolate-acuminate, cut down to the rachis into pointed linear-
oblong lobes f lin. br., the lower pinnse deflexed, very distant and dwindling
down gradually to mere auricles ; texture herbaceous ; rachis naked, stramineous ;
both sides slightly hairy ; veins 4-6 on each side ; sori nearer the midrib than the
edge.— Phegop. Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. 241. Nephrodium, Presl.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig, 321. — Habit of N. Beddomei.

10. P. (Pheg.) obtusilobum, Desv. ; st. densely tufted, about 1 ft. 1., slender,
nearly naked ; fr. 2 ft. or more 1., 8-10 in. br. ; pinnce 4-6 in. 1., f-£ in. br.,
narrowed gradually from the base to the point, cut down nearly to the rachis
into entire slightly falcate lobes ^ in. br. ; lower pinnce reduced gradually ;
texture herbaceous ; rachises naked or slightly pubescent ; veinlets 8-9 on a sid'e ;
sori small, medial.

306 48. POLYPODIUM, § EUPHEGOPTERIS.

Hab. Mauritius and Madagascar, Bojer ; Cameroon Mountains and Fernando Po, Mann.
— Habit of Neph. conterminum.

11. P. (Pheg.) Sieberianum, Kaulf. ; st. 12-18 in. 1., firm, naked, stramineous ;
fr. l|-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnae 6-9 in. 1., 2 in. or more br., cut down to
a broadly-winged rachis into falcate entire lobes, |-f in. br., lowest pair rather
smaller and deflexed ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; veinlets
8-9 on a side, with the sori about the centre. — Hie. /Sp. 4. p. 235.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon. — Occasionally the lowest veinlets join those above them
in the same group, and in the barren frond they fork copiously, and join towards the
edge. Eesembles most Neph. brackyodon.

12. P. (Pheg.) erubescens, Wall. ; st. 2 ft. or more 1., tetragonous, glossy,
stramineous, naked ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 1-2 ft. br. ; lower pinnae sometimes 1 ft. 1.,
l\ in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into close acute or bluntish entire lobes
2 lin. br. ; texture rigid, subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets
simple, often 20 on a side, the sori close to the raised midrib. — /3, Amboynensis ;
lower pinnae on stalks 1 in. 1. and narrowed conspicuously at the base ; sori not
close to the midrib.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 236.

Hab. N. India (up to 2,000 ft.), Malayan Peninsula and Isles. — Habit of N. prolixwm,
but lower pinnae not reduced.

13. P. (Pheg.) appendiculatum, Wall. ; st. tufted, about 1 ft. 1., deciduously
villose ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 8-10 in. br., ovate-lanceolate ; pinnce 3-5 in. 1., f-| in. br.,
narrowed from the base to an acuminate point, cut down nearly to the rachis
into linear-oblong falcate lobes £ in. br. ; lower pinnae with a small gland at the
base, slightly reduced ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and lower surface villose ;
veinlets 8-12 on a side ; sori close to the midrib. — Wall. Cat. 349.

Hab. East Himalayas and Penang. — Intermediate between the preceding and
following.

14. P. (Pheg.) auriculatum, Wall. ; st. tufted, 1^-2 ft. 1., deciduously villose ;
fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnce 6-8 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down nearly to the
rachis into close spreading entire blunt lobes 2-3 lin. br. ; lower pinnce reduced
down to mere auricles, furnished with a prominent gland at the base beneath ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis densely villose ; under side nearly naked ; veinlets
simple, 10-12 on a side, bearing the sori about the middle. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 238.

Hab. Himalayas, up to 6,000 ft.

15. P. (Pheg.) Germanianum, Baker ; st. 6-9 in. L, tufted, firm, erect, nearly
naked ; fr. 2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br. ; central pinnce 6 in. 1., ]£ in. br., cut three-quarters
of the way down to the rachis into linear-oblong blunt entire lobes 2 lin. br.,
with a space between them, the lower pinnae sessile, much reduced ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis and veins beneath slightly pubescent ; veins pinnate in the
lobes, with 8-10 veinlets on a side ; sori medial. — Pheg. Fee, Mem. 11-12. t. 13.

Hab. Guadeloupe, L'Herminier. — P. ctenoides, macrotheca, and hydrophila, Fe"e, are
allied plants from the same island ; all of them closely resembling Gymnogramme daval-
lioides in general habit, but the sori are roundish.

16. P. (Pheg.) rusticum, Baker ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. ]., strong, densely clothed
with lanceolate spreading scales ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 8-10 in. br. ; central pinnce
4-5 in. L, | in. br., cut three-quarters of the way down to the rachis into close
blunt entire lobes 2 lin. br. ; lower pinnce distant and dwindling down very
gradually ; texture herbaceous ; rachis scaly in the lower part, villose throughout
like the costse ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 6-8 simple veinlets on a side ;
sori medial. — Phegopteris, Fee, Mem. 11-12. t. 13.

48. POLYPODIUM, § EUPHEGOPTERIS. 307

Hab. Guadeloupe, L'Herminier. — Habit not unlike that of the least-divided forms of
N. Filix-mas.

17. P. (Pheg.) refulgens, Klotzsch ; st. 1 ft. 1., clothed with bright-brown scales
throughout ; fr. 1£ ft. 1., 1 ft. br. ; pinnae 6-8 in. 1., 1-1£ in. br., cut down to the
centre into close oblong obtuse slightly-toothed lobes £ in. br., the lower pinnse
stalked and rather narrowed at the base ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and main
veins above densely downy, the veins beneath with yellowish glandular hairs
and reddish setaceous scales; veinlets simple, 7-12 on each side ; sori medial.—
Phegop. Meet. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 240.

Hab. Panama, Columbia, and Guiana. — Habit of Neph. caripense.

18. P. (Pheg.) rude, Kze. ; st. 1^-2 ft. 1., scaly towards the base, villose
upwards ; fr. 3-4 ft. or more L, 12-18 in. br. ; pinnce 8-12 in. 1., l£ in. br., cut
down nearly to the rachis into subfalcate entire lobes £ in. br., the lower pinnae
not reduced, but with a gland at the base and the lower lobes small ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis conspicuously villose and under side less so ; veinlets
simple, 12-16 on a side ; sori subinarginal. — Hk. Sp. 4./>. 243. Glaphyropteris,
Presl.

Hab. Mexico to Peru. — Neph. piloso-hispidum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 105, seems to belong
here, and I cannot distinguish an involucre.

19. P. (Pheg.) decussatum, L. ; si. 2-3 ft. 1., stout, erect, scaly towards the
base, polished upwards, sometimes slightly muricated ; fr. 3-4 ft. or more L,
12-18 in. br. ; pinnce 8-12 in. L, 1-1^ in. br., cut down nearly or quite
to the rachis into close spreading entire blunt lobes 1-1 £ lin. br., with a large
subulate gland at the base beneath ; texture subcoriaceous, rigid ; rachis and
both sides nearly naked ; veinlets simple, close, 20 or more on a side ; sori in
rows near the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 244. Glaphyropteris, Presl.

Hab. West Indies and Panama southward to Peru and Brazil.

20. P. (Pheg.) unisorum, Baker ; st. tufted, slender, 1 in. 1., dark purplish-
brown, clothed throughout with linear scales ; fr. 2-3 in. L, 1 in. br., oblong-
lanceolate ; pinnce horizontal, with a roundish terminal lobe l|-2 lin. each way,
and 1-2 smaller sessile ones on each side ; texture coriaceous ; rachis densely
scaly like the stem ; both sides naked ; veins immersed, flabellate ; one large
sorus at the base of each lobe.

Hab. Mount Eauai, Sandwich Isles, Hillebrand. — A very curious and distinct little
plant.

21. P. (Pheg.) platylobum, Baker ; st. 12-18 in. 1., firm, erect, scaly towards
the base, finely villose upwards ; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 1 ft. or more br. ; central pinnce
6-8 in. 1., 1-1 ^ in. br., cut down to the rachis in the lowrer part into blunt oblong
nearly entire subfalcate lobes £ in. br. ; lower pinnce slightly reduced ; rachises
densely villose ; under surface nearly naked; texture herbaceous; veinlets about
6 on a side, the lower ones forked ; sori almost marginal. — P. rotundatum,
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 238. (non Willd.)

Hab. Tarapota, N. E. Peru, Spruce, 4656.

22. P. (Pheg.) fibrillosum, Baker; st. 1 ft. or more 1., densely clothed
throughout with spreading fibrillose scales ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br. ; lower
pinnce the largest, sessile, 6 in. L, 1| in. br., cut down within 1 lin. of the rachis
into close, blunt, nearly entire falcate lobes 3-4 lin. br. ; texture herbaceous ;
rachis fibrillose and upwards villose ; both sides nearly naked ; veinlets forked,
6-8 on a side, with the sori close to the midrib.

Hab. Andes of N. E. Peru, Spruce, 4742.

308 48. POLYPODIUM, § EUPHEGOPTERIS.

23. P. (Pheg.) macrophyllum, Hk. ; st. % in. thick, 4 ft. 1., clothed with
scattered lanceolate scales ; fr. ample, 5-6 ft. 1., 2-3 ft. br. ; lowest pinnae
16 in. 1., 2^ in. br., cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into close slightly-
toothed subfalcate lobes f in. br. ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous, firm ; colour
dark-green ; both sides naked ; veinlets simple, 12 or more on a side, bearing sori
about the centre.— /f*. Sp. 4. p. 241.

Hab. Andes of N. E. Peru, Spruce, 4270.— This also has pellucid dots, and is a very
fine plant.

24. P. (Pheg.) pteroideum, Klotzsch ; st. 2-4 ft. 1., scaly at the base, naked
and stramineous upwards ; fr. 3-6 ft. or more L, 2-3 ft. br. ; lower pinnae 12-18
in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl. linear, acute, entire, J in. br., the lower ones deflexed,
the lowest reduced ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets
forked ; sori quite marginal. — Hk* Sp. 4. p. 255. t. 280.

Hab. Columbia and Ecuador.— Well distinguished from all the preceding by two-
thirds of the pinnules of the lower pinnse being quite distinct. It attains a height of
15 feet.

*** Pinnce cut nearly or quite down to the rachis into toothed or pinnatifid lobes.
Sp. 25-30.

25. P. (Pheg.) Phegopteris, L. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st. 6-9 in. L,
slender, naked, except towards the base ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., subdeltoid ;
lower pinnce 2-3 in. 1., ^-| in. br., cut down three-quarters of the way to the rachis
into close, blunt, entire or slightly toothed lobes, lf-2 lin. br., the lowest pair
deflexed ; texture thinly herbaceous ; under side slightly hairy ; veinlets 6-8 on a
side, the lower ones forked ; sori nearer the edge than the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 245. B. F. t. 3.

Hab. Lapland to Japan, Etruria, and Greece ; Greenland, Iceland, and Russian
America, southward to the United States.

26. P. (Pheg.) distans, Don; st. 1^-2 ft. 1., slender, glossy, stramineous or
chesnut-brown ; fr. l|-3 ft. 1., 8-12 in. or more br. ; lower pinnae 6-8 in. L,
1^ in. br., cut down nearly or quite to the raehis into deeply pinnatifid pinnl.
% in. br., with blunt or acute toothed or subentire lobes, the base dilated ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis naked, glossy, straw-coloured or brown ; under side slightly
hairy ; veinlets slightly pinnate in the lower lobes, pellucid ; sori scattered,
copious. — P. paludosum, Blume. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 244.

Hab. N. India (up to 9-10,000 ft.) to Ceylon, Java. — A variable plant. P. Griffith™,
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 236, appears to be a form with subentire lobes ; and N. microstegium, Hk.
Sp. 4. p. 119. t. 250, a large form, with distinctly-pinnatifid lobes, and a stramineous
rachis.

27. P. (Pheg.) obscurum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1., black, glossy, naked ; fr.
12-18 in. 1., 8-10 in, br. ; pinnce not close, 4-5 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut three-quarters
down to the rachis into close blunt lobes 2 lin. br., lowest pair the largest,
those of the fertile frond contracted ; rachis ebeneous ; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous ; veinlets fine, 6-8 on a side, the lower ones forked ; sori copious,
submarginal. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 237.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 802 ; Tavoy, Rev. 0. S. Parish. — Very likely a non-
involucrate form of Neph. sagenioides.

28. P. (Pheg.) molle, Roxb. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., stout, deciduously scaly ;
fr. 2-3 ft. L, 12-18 in. br. ; lower pinnce not reduced, 6-9 in. L, ]^-2 in. br., cut
down to a broadly-winged rachis into oblong entire or crenated blunt lobes
J-f in. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis densely scaly ; under surface finely

48. POLYPODIUM, § EUPHEGOPTERIS. 309

villose all over ; veinlets forked ; sori small, copious, distant from the midrib. —
P. Dianae, Hk. ISp. 4. p. 234.

Hab. St. Helena.

29. P. (Pheg.) caudatum, Kaulf. ; st. 12-18 in. 1., firm, angular, brownish,
slightly scaly ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 12-15 in. br. ; pinnae 6-9 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., cut^own
to a distinctly-winged rachis into oblong falcate distinctly-toothed lobes 2-3 lin.
br., lower ones not reduced ; texture herbaceous ; rachis more or less scaly ; both
surfaces naked ; veinlets simple, 1 to each tooth, 6-8 on a side ; sori near the
midrib.— .#£. Sp. 4. p. 241.

Hab. Cuba to Brazil.

30. P. (Pheg.) biseriale, Baker ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., slightly scaly ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1.,
1 ft. or more br. ; lower pinnae the largest, 6-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., cut down to the
rachis below into distinct oblong-lanceolate pinnl. 1-2 in. 1., with the veinlets
pinnate in the lower lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachises villose and slightly
scaly ; lower side nearly naked ; sori in pairs on the lower lobes.

Hab. Andes of Peru and Ecuador, Spruce.

#*#* proncls small or middle-sided, tri- or quadripinnatifid. Sp, 31-43.

31. P. (Pheg.) hexagonopterum, Michx. ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 12-18 in.
]., slender, stramineous, naked, glossy ; fr. 8-12 in. 1., nearly as broad, deltoid ;
lower pinnae 4-6 in. 1., the lowest pair deflexed, often 2 in. br., the pinnl. reaching
down nearly to the rachis, those of the lower side 1-1^ in. 1., pinnatifid halfway
down, with broad blunt lobes ; texture thinly herbaceous ; under side slightly
villose ; veinlets pinnate in the lobes ; sori marginal. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 245.

Hab. Canada, southward to Florida. — General habit of P. Phegoptens.

32. P. (Pheg.) Hasseltii, Blume ; st. 9 in. 1., slightly scaly ; fr. about 1 ft.
each way, deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lowest pinnae 6 in. 1., 3-5 in. br. ; pinnl.
stalked, ovate, the lowest much the largest, with ovate -oblong obtuse lobes, the
lower ones deeply pinnatifid ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ;
veins pinnate in the lobes ; sori medial. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 217.

Hab. Java.

33. P. (Pheg.) rufescens, Blume ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. 12-18 in. 1.,
firm, erect, naked ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 9-12 in. br., subdeltoid ; lower pinnae much
the largest, deltoid, 6-8 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, unequal-sided,
bluntly lobed, the lowest nearly down to the rachis ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked or slightly pubescent ; veinlets pinnate in the lower
lobes, 3-4 on a side ; sori medial.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 257.

Hab. Java, Ceylon, New Caledonia, Queensland. — P. Earterianum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 254,
from Fernando Po, is evidently the same.

34. P. (Pheg.) Dryopteris, L. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; fr. 6-12 in. 1.,
slender, stramineous, naked upwards, slightly scaly below ; fr. 6-10 in. each
way, deltoid ; lower pinnae much the largest ; pinnl. lanceolate, only the lowest
free, oblong, slightly crenate ; texture thinly herbaceous ; rachis and both sides
glabrous ; sori submarginal. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 250. B. F. t. 4. — /3, P. Rolertianum,
Hoffm. ; rhizome thicker, the whole plant more rigid and finely glandular. —
B. F. t. 5.

Hab. Lapland to the Pyrenees, N. Italy, N. India (5-8,000 ft.), Manchuria, Japan ;
America — Greenland and Sitka to the Rocky Mountains and Northern United States.

310 48. POLYPODIUM, § EUPHEGOPTERIS. "

/3 has nearly as wide a range as the type in Europe, and occurs also in the United
States.

35. P. (Pheg.) glanduliferum, Liebm. ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., slender, stra-
mineous ; fr. 6-8 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid ; lower pinnae the largest,
about 2 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down to the rachis below into distinct unequal-sided
deeply-pinnatifid pinnt., with erecto-patent, linear-oblong, entire or slightly-
toothed lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides finely glandular ;
veinlets immersed ; sori 1 at the base of each lobe.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 252.

Hab. Mexico, Liebmann.

36. P. (Pheg.) drepanum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 12-18 in. 1., with dark-coloured
ovate scales below ; jr. l|-3 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; lowest pinnce the largest, 6-8 in.
1., l|-2 in. br. ; pinnL lanceolate, unequal-sided, auricled on the upper, truncate
OH the lower side at the base, with a broad uncut centre and copious spinose
teeth, the lowest stalked ; texture coriaceous ; veins distinct ; both sides nearly
naked ; sori medial. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 249.

Hab. Madeira.— This and the two next have entirely the habit of Polystichum.

37. P. (Pheg.) platyphyllum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 12-18 in. 1., clothed towards the
base with ovate scales ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 4-12 in. br. ; lower pinnae the largest,
3-6 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., with distinct close unequal- sided, subrhomboidal pinnl.,
very obliquely truncate on the lower side at the base, the upper side auricled,
with the inner edge parallel with the stem, the central part uncut, the teeth
spinose ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises fibrillose ; both sides nearly naked ;
venation subflabellate ; sori small, principally in rows near the midrib.— //#. Sp.
4. p. 248.

Hab. Cuba and Guatemala to Brazil and Peru.

38. P. (Pheg.) rigidum, Hk. & Gr. ; st. tufted, 6-18 in. 1., more or less scaly ;
fr. 1-3 ft. 1., 4-18 in. br. ; pinnae 2-9 in. 1., f-lj in. br., with close unequal-sided
subrhomboidal pinnl. with copious aristate teeth ; texture coriaceous ; rachises
usually scaly ; venation subflabellate ; sori principally in rows near the midrib.
— P. rigidum and pycnolepis, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 246.

Hab. Guatemala, along the Andes to Peru.— Very variable, the forms differing only
by the want of an involucre from the forms of Aspid. aculeatum, to which it should pro-
bably be joined. There is a detailed account of the various forms in the " Species Filicum."
We include here three species of Mettenius,— his rigida, cochleata, and pycnolepis.

39. P. (Pheg.) Mannianum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., glossy, stramineous,
with scattered lanceolate scales ; jr. nearly 1 ft. 1., 4-5 in. br., lanceolate ; lowest
pinnce the largest, 2-3 in. 1., 1-lJ in. br., cut down to the rachis below into
ovate-deltoid pinnl. with deep blunt entire lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachis
stramineous ; under surface naked ; veinlets pinnate in the lower lobes ; sori 2-8
to a pinnule. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 253.

Hab. Fernando Po, Q. Mann.— Habit of the less-divided forms of N. spinulosum.

40. P. (Pheg.) unidentatum, Hk. & Am. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. 1., clothed with
squarrose dark-brown linear scales towards the base ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more
br., deltoid ; lower pinnce the largest, deltoid, 6-9 in. 1., 4-5 in. br. ; pinnl.
lanceolate, the lower segm. distinct, ovate-oblong, deeply pinnatifid, with slightly-
toothed lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; ult. veinlets
forked ; sori submarginal. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 267.

Hab. Sandwich Isles. — This also, which is now in cultivation at Kew, is like a Nephro-
dium of the Lophodium group.

48. POLYPODIUM, § EUPHEGOPTERIS. ^ 311

41. P. (Pheg.) Oldhami, Baker ; st. tufted, 12-18 in. 1., clothed at the base
with long dense linear-subulate bright-brown scales, and throughout with small
adpressed scales; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., deltoid ; lower pinnae much
the largest ; pinnl. of the lower side 2-3 in. 1., with distinct lanceolate deeply-
pinnatifid segm. ; largest ult. lobes ^ in. 1., ^ in. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis
densely furfuraceous like the stem ; under side rather glossy ; sori very dense
and numerous, close to the midrib.

Hab. Formosa, Oldham. •

42. P. (Pheg.) alpestre, Hoppe ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., scaly below ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1.,
6-8 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ; pinnce lanceolate, 3-4 in. 1., 1-1 J in. br. ; pinnl.
lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, with toothed lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachises
and both sides nearly naked ; veinlets pinnate in the lobes ; sori small, 1-4 to each
lobe. — Brit. F. t. 6. — /3, P. flexile, Moore ; habit more flaccid ; pinnl. oblong,
with fewer lobes and a broad uncut centre. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 251. Pseudathyrium,
Newm.

Hab. Lapland and Scotland to the Pyrenees, Alps, and Central Russia ; Sitka, Oregon,
California. — Habit of A thyrium filix-fcemina, which see.

43. P. (Pheg.) Bojeri, Hk. ; st. firm, erect, polished, stramineous ; fr. 2 ft. or
more 1., 12-18 in. br. ; lower pinnce the largest, 6-10 in. 1., 2 in. or more br.,
lanceolate ; pinnl. lanceolate, £-•£• in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis below
into close entire blunt lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and under surface
slightly pubescent ; veinlets of the lobes simple ; sori small, copious. — P. sessili-
folium, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 251. P. ammifolium, Bojer (non Lam.}.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.

***** Fronds ample, decompound. Sp. 44-55.

44. P. (Pheg.) crinale, H. & A. ; st. tufted, stout, densely clothed with
squarrose fibrillose scales ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnce ovate-lan-
ceolate or subdeltoid ; pinnl. lanceolate, blunt, 1^-2 in. 1., with rounded blunt
lobes 1^-2 lin. br., the lower ones reaching down to the midrib ; texture
coriaceous ; rachises densely fibrillose ; both surfaces naked ; ultimate veinlets
forked ; sori (in our specimens) 1 to each lobe near the upper edge. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 266.

Hab. Sandwich Isles.

46. P. (Pheg.) asperulum, J. Sm. ; st. firm, terete, brownish, pubescent ; fr.
ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; lower pinnce 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; pinnl. lan-
ceolate, ^ in. br., unequal-sided, cut down to the rachis below into oblong-
pinnatifid unequal-sided segm.; texture subcoriaceous ; race's and both surfaces
villose ; veinlets immersed ; sori copious, one to each ult. lobe. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 257.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 63.

46. P. (Pheg.) aquilinum, Thouars ; rhizome creeping ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., stout,
erect, brown, pubescent, densely scaly at the base ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ;
pinnce much imbricated, the lowest 6-9 in. 1., 4-5 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, with linear-oblong, entire or sinuato-pinnatifid segm.; texture
coriaceous ; rachis and under side villose ; veins immersed ; sori minute, copious,
the margins recurved. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 270.

Hab. Tristan d'Acunha. — General habit of Pteris aquilina, and all the aspect of a
plant grown in a very exposed situation.

47. P. (Pheg.) Hillebrandi, Hk. ; st. 2 ft. or more 1., stout, clothed below

3] 2 48. POLYPODIUM, § EUPHEGOPTERIS.

with deciduous fibrillose scales ; fr. 3-4 ft. or more 1., 2-3 ft. br. ; lower pinnce
12-18 in. 1., with the pinnl. of the lower side the largest, sometimes again
compound, with lanceolate deeply pinnatifid segm. 3-4 in. 1., f in. br. ; ult.
entire lobes J in. br., blunt ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; colour dark-green ;
under surface sprinkled over with pellucid glands ; veinlets of the lobes 6-8 on a
side, mostly forked ; sori large, submarginal. — HJc. Sp. 4. p. 254.

Hab. Sandwich. Isles, Hillebrand, 42. — Most like N. latifrons in general habit.

48. P. (Pheg.) punctatum, Thunb. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping, villose ; st.
scattered, 1-2 ft. 1., firm, erect,s stramineous, polished, naked or hairy, and
viscid ; fr. 1-4 ft. 1., 6-24 in. br. ; lower pinnce sometimes 1-2 ft. 1., deltoid ;
pinnl. and segm. close, lanceolate ; ult. lobes oblong, crenate or pinnatifid, with
the edge often more or less reflexed ; texture herbaceous ; rachises naked or
viscid ; under side slightly hairy ; sori copious, marginal. — /3, P. rugulosum,
Labill. ; fr. less compound and more coriaceous ; rachis deep purplish-brown and
densely viscid.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 272.

Hab. Columbia to Chili, Sandwich Isles, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Australia,
Japan, Philippines, Malaccas ; N. India to Ceylon, Bourbon, Tristan d'Acunha, St. Helena.
— Very closely related to Euhypolepis, see page 130. Mettenius regards our two varieties
as distinct species,

49. P. (Pheg.) prasinum, Baker ; st. 2 ft. or more 1., densely clothed below
with long, squarrose, linear-subulate scales, naked and glossy upwards ; fr. 5-6
ft. 1., 2 ft. or more br. ; lower pinnce often 1 ft. 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnl. distinct,
lanceolate, cut halfway down to the rachis into close blunt lobes ; texture
herbaceous ; colour bright-green ; rachis slightly scaly, both sides naked ; veinlets
about 4 on a side in the lobes ; sori close to the midrib. — P. punctatum, Spruce.
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 262. (non Thunb.}.

Hab. Andes of Peru and Ecuador.

50. P. (Pheg.) Sandvicense, Hk. & Arn. ; st. 2 ft. 1., stout, glossy, naked ; fr.
3-4 ft. or more 1., 2 ft. or more br. ; lowest pinnce 12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br. ; pinnl.
lanceolate, spreading, 3-4 in. 1., 1£ in. br. ; segm. with a space between them,
ovate-lanceolate, truncate on the lower side, deeply pinnatifid, with erecto-patent
linear-oblong entire or toothed lobes ; rachis glossy, castaneous ; both sides
naked ; veinlets forked ; sori usually 1 near the base of each lobe. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 267.

Hab. Sandwich and Society Isles. — The New Hebridean P. Aneitense, Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 268, is apparently the same species.

51. P. (Pheg.) connexum, Kaulf. ; st. 3-4 ft. 1., firm, naked ; fr. deltoid,
tripinnatifid, 3-4 ft. or more 1., 2 ft. or more br. ; lower pinnce lanceolate-
deltoid, 8-12 in. 1. ; pinnl. 3-4 in. 1., f in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into
oblong, entire or slightly crenate lobes J in. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and
both sides naked ; veinlets of the lobes 5-6 on a side, the lower ones often forked ;
sori medial. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 261.

Hab. Brazil.

52. P. (Pheg.) splendidum, Kaulf. ; trunk subarborescent ; st. 2 ft. or more 1.,
strong, glabrous, angular ; fr. 4-6 ft. or more 1., 2-3 ft. br. ; lower pinnce 12-18
in. 1., 6-8 in. br., with distinct lanceolate pinnl. with close, blunt, entire lobes
J in. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and midrib beneath slightly villose ; veinlets
of the lobes simple, often obscure. — /3, P. macropterum, Kaulf. ; pinnce lan-
ceolate, 6-9 in. 1., 2 in. br., with entire oblong-falcate lobes j-§ in. br., reaching
down three-quarters of the way to the midrib.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 258.

Hab. Brazil, frequent.

48. POLYPODIUM, §§ CYRTOMIPHLEBIUM, §§§ GONIOPTERIS. 313

53. P. (Pheg.) Vogelii, Hk. ; st. l|-2 ft. 1., naked, substramineous, with long
linear scales at the base ; Jr. ample, probably 4 ft. or more 1., 2 ft. br. ; lowest
pinnce 1 ft. 1., the pinril. of the lower side much the largest, and the lowest larger
than the others, which are lanceolate, 4-5 in. 1., \\ in. br., cut down nearly to
the rachis into oblong toothed lobes §-^ in. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
naked ; under side only slightly hairy on the main veins ; veinlets of the lohe_s
forked ; sori medial. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 721. (in part}.

Hab. Fernando Po, Vogel. — This comes near P. connexum, but the sori are larger, and
the texture is thicker. The Cape Verde plant is a large form of N. Filix-mas. Gymno-
gramma subsimilis, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 142. t. 293, is apparently this species, with the sori
not fully developed.

54. P. (Pheg.) nigritiarium, Baker ; st. l|-2 ft. 1., naked, or upwards sub-
villose ; Jr. 3-4 ft. 1., 2 ft. or more br. ; lower pinnce I ft, 1., the pinnl. of the
lower side lanceolate, 4-8 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., cut down to the rachis below into
distinct oblong unequal-sided segm. with deep close entire lobes ; texture herba-
ceous ; rachises of the pinnl. densely villose and under side less so ; veinlets
pinnate in the lower lobes ; sori submarginal.

Hab. Gathered by Barter in the Niger Expedition, and by Mann at Fernando Po.

55. P. (Pheg.) Keraudrenianum, Gaud. ; st. % in. thick or more, stramineous
or brownish, polished ; Jr. 12-15 ft. 1., subscandent ; pinnce distant, the lower
ones 1-3 ft. J., 6-15 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, often deflexed, cut down nearly or
quite to the rachis into lanceolate or linear-oblong entire or pinnatifid segm. ;
texture herbaceous ; rachises stramineous ; both sides naked or the under one
villose ; veinlets pellucid, forked ; sori submarginal.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 268.

Hab. Sandwich Isles and Java. — P. procerum, Brack., is evidently a form of this, which
varies much in cutting, and resembles P. distans on a large scale.

Cyrtomiphlebium. Venation of Cyrtomium, i. e., with the contiguous groups
"* *"••— "r. TAB. 48. Fig. f. Sp. 56.

56. P. (Cyrt.) dubium, Hk. ; st. tufted, 12-18 in. 1., densely clothed at the
base with large firm scales, and upwards with smaller ones ; Jr. 2-3 ft. 1., 6-12
in. br. ; lower pinnce 3-6 in. 1., f-1^ in. br., unequal-sided, the apex acuminate,
the edge finely toothed, the inner edge on the upper side nearly parallel with the
stem, on the lower side oblique ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both sides nearly
naked ; sori copious, roundish or oblong. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 15.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador and Peru. — Exceedingly like some of the forms of Aspidium
falcatum in habit and texture. The bipinnatifid plant placed here in "Species Filicum"
appears to be a form of P. platyphyllum, with slightly anastomosing venation.

§§§ Goniopteris, Presl. Venation of Eunephrodium, i. e., veins pinnate, with
the lower veinlets of contiguous groups joining. Sp. 57-80. TAB. 48. f. e.

* Pinnce entire or the edge slightly crenate. Sp. 57-64.

57. P. (Goniopt.) simplicifolium, Hk. ; st. tufted, strong, 2-4 in. 1., villose
upwards ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., with a lanceolate-acuminate entire apex 1-1£ in. br.,
and at the base 1-6 small blunt spreading entire distinct pinnce ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; midrib beneath hispid, and the prominent veins slightly so ; main
veins 2 lin. apart, all the veinlets joining ; sori minute. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 2.
Nephrodium, Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 19. Abacopteris, Fee.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 315 ; Fiji, Seemann, 736.

58. P. (Goniopt.) debile, Baker ; st. slender, slightly hairy ; fr. 6-12 in. 1.,

2 R

314 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§ GONIOPTEKIS,

2 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ; pinnce close, the central ones 1-1 J in. 1., J in. br.,
the point bluntish, the edge slightly crenate, the base truncate, with a distinct
broad blunt auricle on the upper side, the lower ones gradually reduced ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis villose and under side slightly so ; veinlets 2-3 on
a side ; sori small, medial. — Phegop. Mett. Fil. Ind. p. 223.

Hab. Amboyna, Zippdius.

59. P. (Goniopt.) Borneense, Hk. ; st. 6 in. 1., naked, slender, stramineous ;
fr. 6-8 in. 1., 3 in. br., with an acuminate terminal pinna 1 in. br., with shallow
blunt lobes and 4 smaller pinnse on each side 1^ in. 1., f in. br., truncate at the
base and auricled on the upper side ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both
sides naked ; veinlets fine, 4-5 on a side ; sori small, in two rows. — Hk. Sp. 5.

fM.ll.

Hab. Borneo, T. Loll.

60. P. (Goniopt.) diversifolium, Swz. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., tufted, slender, naked ;
fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br. ; pinnce 3-5 in. 1., f-1 in. br., the apex acuminate, the
lower ones narrowed at the base, the edge nearly entire ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked ; veins fine, close, about 4 veinlets on a side, the
rows of sori contiguous. — P. fraxinifolium, Jaeq. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 4.

Hab. S. Brazil, Caraccas, Ecuador.

61. P. (Goniopt.) rubidum, Hk. ; st. firm, erect, glossy, naked, reddish-
brown ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnce numerous, the lowest stalked,
6-8 in. 1., Jf-£ in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge nearly entire ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets obscure, 8-10 on a side ; sori
close to the main veins. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 12.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 145. — Professor De Vriese sends from Borneo a more
coriaceous plant that may be distinct.

62. P. (Goniopt.) pcecilophlebium, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., erect, slender, naked ;
fr. about 1 ft. 1., nearly as broad, with a terminal pinna and 2-3 lateral ones on
each side, which are 6-8 in. 1., l|-2 in. br., narrowed gradually towards both
ends, slightly crenate, especially towards the point ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked ; main veins 2 lin. apart ; veinlets fine, very oblique,
4-5 on a side ; sori minute, medial. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 14.

Hab. N. E. Australia and Queensland.

63. P. (Goniopt.) Kennedy^ F. Muell. ; st. 3-4 ft. 1., nearly naked ; pinnce
6-12 in. 1., l|-2 in. br., sessile, acuminate, the lower part subentire, the upper
slightly crenate ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and under surface
slightly downy; minlets 10-15 on a side; sori medial.— Meniscium, Muell.
Frag. 4. p. 165.

Hab. Queensland.

64. P. (Goniopt.) meniscioides, Liebm. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., strong, erect, quite
naked ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 12-24 in. br., with a terminal pinna and 6-12 lateral ones
on each side, the lowest stalked, 1 ft. 1., \\ in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge
nearly entire ; texture rigid ; rachis and both sides quite naked ; veins prominent,
the main ones £ in. apart ; veinlets 15-20 on a side ; sori in single or double rows
between them.

Hab. Mexico. — Most like P. lineatum in texture, but less distinctly toothed.

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§ GONIOPTERIS. 315

** Pinnae pinnatifid or distinctly crenate. Sp. 65-80.

65. P. (Goniopt.) urophyllum. Wall. ; rhizome creeping ; st. 2 ft. or more 1.,
stout, erect ; fr. 2-4 ft. or more 1., 12-18 in. br., with a terminal pinna and
usually several on each side, which are sometimes 1 ft. 1. and more than 2 ift,
br., the edge entire or very slightly Jobed, the apex acuminate, the base truncate
or narrowed ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veins promi-
nent, the veinlets 15-20 on a side, with the sori in two close rows, or sometimes
one row only. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 9.

Hab. N. India to Ceylon, Malaccas, Chusan, Aneiteum, and Queensland. — Fe*e has
three East-Indian species, — Q. rcpanda, crenato-dentata, and Dalhousiana, which we have
not seen. This resembles on the one hand Nephrodium glandulosum, and on the other
Meniscium cuspidatum, and is very doubtfully distinct from the latter.

66. P. (Goniopt.) crenatum, Swz. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., erect, naked or pubescent ; fr.
1-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., with an oblong-lanceolate terminal pinna 6-8 in. 1.,
1^-2 in. br., the edge nearly entire or a little bluntly lobed, and 2-4 opposite
pairs of similar lateral ones ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; veins fine, the main
veins 1^-2 lin. apart, and veinlets 6-9 on a side ; rachis and under side naked or
finely villose ; sori in rows near the main veins. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 2.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Ecuador and Brazil. — Q. Rivvirei, Fee, Fil. Ant. t. 18,
appears to belong here.

67. P. (Goniopt.) Gheisbreghtii, Linden; st. 1 ft. or more 1., firm, erect,
densely villose ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., with a terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., ]^-2 in. br.,
the edge slightly lobed, and 3-6 similar ones on each side ; texture papyraceous ;
racMses and under surface densely villose, the upper surface slightly so ;
veinlets about 12 on a side, the sori in dense rows close to the main vein. — P.
crenatum, Hk. Fil. Ex. t. 84. (not Sw.). Goniopt. mollis, Fee, Fil. Ant. t. 24.

Hab. Tabasco, S. Mexico, Linden, 1499. — We have a single specimen of a closely
allied densely villose Goniopteris from Queensland from Mr. Hill, which is probably a new
species.

68. P. (Goniopt.) faucitim, Liebm. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr»
12-18 in. 1., 1 ft. or more br., with an oblong-lanceolate terminal pinna 6-8 in. 1.,
1^ in. br., pinnatifid about one-third of the way down, and several similar but
narrower and less deeply lobed ones on each side ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and
under surface naked ; veins prominent, 9-12 on a side ; sori in rows close to the
main vein.

Hab. Mexico.

69. P. (Goniopt.) proliferum, Presl ; rhizome stout, creeping ; st. spreading,
naked, 2-8 in. 1. ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1. or more, 6-12 in. br., erect or decumbent, often
elongated and rooting at the point and branched copiously from the axils ;
pinna? 4-6 in. 1., £-f in. br., broadest at the base, truncate or cordate, the edge
bluntly lobed more than 1 lin. deep, the point often blunt ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachia and under side naked or slightly pubescent ; veinlets fine, 6-10 on a side ;
sori medial, oval, sometimes confluent.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 13. Ampelopteris, Kze.

Hab. N. India to S. China, Philippines, New Caledonia, N. Australia, Angola,
Zambesi-land, and South Africa.

70. P. (Goniopt.) arthrothrix, Hk. ; st. erect, rather slender, densely villose;
fr. about 1 ft. 1., 6-9 in. br. ; lowest pinnce the largest, distinctly stalked, 3-4 in.
1., f-f in. br., the edge nearly entire or with slight blunt lobes, the base truncate ;
texture herbaceous, rather thick ; rachis and both sides clothed with soft brown

316 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§ GONIOPTERIS.

hairs ; veins fine ; veinlets 3-4 on each side, immersed ; sori small, scattered. —
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 14.

Hab. Madagascar, Eqjer, Lyall.

71. P. (Goniopt.) lineatum, Coleb. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., firm, naked, reddish ; fr.
2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnce numerous, 6-8 in. 1., £-f in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge with acute falcate lobes under 1 lin. deep ; texture sub-
coriaceous or papyraceo-herbaceous ; veinlets about 8 on a side ; sori in rows
close to the main veins. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 12. P. Penangianum, HTc. Sp. 5. p. 13.

Hab. N. India, Ceylon, Malaccas.

72. P. (Goniopt.) multilineatum, Wall. ; st. firm, erect, naked, 2 ft. or more 1. ;
fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 1^-2 ft. br. ; pinnce numerous, sometimes 1 ft. 1., 1^ in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge with falcate acute lobes reaching about 1 lin. deep ; texture
coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets prominent, 15-20 on a side ;
sori in two rows. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 11.

Hab. N. India, up to 3,000 ft. ; and we have what is probably the same from Fiji,
gathered by Dr. Seemann.

73. P. (Goniopt.) stramineum, Baker ; st. 1 ft. 1., angular, stramineous, naked ;
fr. 12-15 in. 1., 8-10 in. br. ; lower pinnm 1 in. apart, 6-8 in. 1., f in. br.,

acuminate, the edge with broad blunt lobes reaching about a quarter down ;
texture subcoriaceous ; stramineous rachis and both sides naked ; veins in
pinnated groups of 5-6 on a side, usually joining before they reach the edge ;
sori near the midrib. — P. salicifolium, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 242. (non Willd.}.

Hab. Venezuela, Fendler, 474.

74. P. (Goniopt.) reptans, Swz. ; st. tufted, slender, wiry, naked, 1-8 in. 1. ;
fr. spreading, or often decumbent and rooting, 4-12 in. 1., 1-3 in. br. ; pinna;
£-!£ in. 1., f-^ in. br., blunt, varying from nearly entire to bluntly lobed
one-third down, often auricled at the base, the lower ones stalked ; texture
herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; rachis and under side naked or slightly hairy ;
veins in pinnate groups, 2-4 veinlets on a side. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 6.

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala to Brazil. — A very variable plant. In seedlings the
veins are often simple or once forked, and quite free, P. reptans of authors is the loose
straggling, and P. asplenioides the more erect larger form. P. asteroihrix, Hk., is pro-
bably another form, with broad deeply -lobed pinnae and 4-6 veinlets on a side, and a
more villose rachis ; and O. gracilis, Moore, apparently also belongs here.

75. P. (Goniopt.) costatum, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., strong, brownish, glossy ;
fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnce very numerous, 8-10 in. 1., 1 J-lJ in. br.,
cut down two-thirds of the way to the rachis into nearly entire bluntish lobes
1^-2 lin. br., with a space between them ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and
both sides naked ; veinlets prominent, 20-25 on a side ; sori close to the main
vein. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 7.

Hab. Society Isles and Fiji. — G. longissima, Brack., Hk. I. c., from Tahiti, is probably
a larger form of the same plant ; but in our specimens from the author, which have pinnae
18 in. I., the rachis is muricated. G. glandulifera, Brack., from Samoa, which we have
not seen, appears to be closely allied ; and we have a similar plant from the New
Hebrides from Mr. C. Moore.

76. P. (Goniopt.) oppositifolium, Hk. ; st. 2-2| ft. 1., erect, pubescent upwards ;
fr. 3-5 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ; pinnce opposite, 6-9 in. 1., f-1 in. br., gradually
narrowed from the base to the acuminate apex, the edge cut into rather sharp
falcate lobes 2 lin. br., 1| lin. deep, lower pinnae reduced ; texture subcoriaceous;

48. POLYPODJUM, §§§§ DICTYOPTERIS. 317

rachis and veins beneath pubescent ; main veins 2 lin. apart ; veinlets raised, 6-7
on a side ; sori small, medial. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 8.

Hab. Island of St. Thomas, W. Africa, Mann.

77. P. (Goniopt.) stegnogrammoides, Baker ; caud. subarborescent ; st. 1^-2 ft. 1.,
firm, erect, pubescent upwards ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnce 6-9 in. -h,
1^ in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge bluntly lobed about a quarter of the way
down ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and veins beneath a little hairy ; veinlets
prominent, 8-9 on a side ; sori in rows near the midrib. — P. sandvicense, Hk.
Sp. 5. p. 5. (not Sp. 4. p. 267). Stegnogramma, Brack.

Hab. Sandwich Isles.

78. P. (Goniopt.) pennicrerum, Forst. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., glabrous, slightly
scaly ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinnce 4-6 in. 1., |-1 in. br., cut about
halfway down into blunt, falcate, slightly crenated lobes about 2 lin. br. ; lower
pinnce gradually reduced ; texture firm-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides
naked ; veinlets 6-8 on a side ; sori in rows near the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 7.
G. Forsteri, Moore.

Hab. New Zealand. — Very near P. tetragonum, from which it differs principally by
the lower pinnae being gradually reduced.

79. P. (Goniopt.) unitum, Hk. ; st. 1-1| ft. 1., slender, naked ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1.,
1 ft. br. ; pinnce 4-6 in. 1., f-^ in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge bluntly
lobed about a quarter of the way down, the base truncate ; texture firm-
herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets 5-6 on a side ; sori close to
the main veins. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 5.

Hab. Natal, Cameroon Mountains. — Barely, if at all, distinguishable from some of
the forms of P. tetragonum.

80. P. (Goniopt.) tetragonum, Sw. ; st. erect, 1-2 ft. 1., naked or slightly
villose ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnce numerous, spreading, 6-8 in. 1.,
^-1 in. br., the lowest narrowed at the base and sometimes stalked, cut from a
quarter to halfway down into blunt lobes ; texture thinly herbaceous ; rachis
and under side naked or slightly hairy ; veinlets 6-10 on a side ; sori in rows
near the midrib. — (B, P. megalodus, Schk. ; pinnce 1| in. br., lobes £ in. br., sub-
falcate ; veinlets 12-15 on a side. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 3.

Hab. Cuba and Panama, southward to Brazil and Peru. — Judging from the figures
quoted, this is P. androgynum of Lamarck ; and if so, that name has priority. It varies
greatly in the breadth of the pinnae and depth of the lobes. A full account of the forms
will be found in Fe"e's Ferns of the Antilles ; and our a apparently includes his tenera,
leptocladia, pyramidata, Fdei, tetragona (five varieties), quadrangularis, Guadalupensist
and hastala. Our /3 is placed by Mettenius in his latest publication in Aspidium.

§§§§ Dictyopteris, Presl. Venation of Sagenia, i.e., veins anastomosing;
copiously. TAB. 48. f. o. Sp. 81-90.

* Sori Userial. Sp. 81-86.

81. P. (Dicty.) Barberi, Hk. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., slightly scaly at th«
base ; fr. palmately 5-lobed or more usually pinnate, with a large terminal
segment and 1-4 pairs of pinnae, the upper ones oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 in. 1.,
1 in. br., nearly entire, the lowest pair with a deep lanceolate lobe at the base on
the lower side ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; areolce rather large and
regular, with copious free veinlets ; sori copious, principally in two rows near
the main veins. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 100.

Hab. Malay Peninsula and Isles.

318 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§ DICTYOPTERIS.

82. P. (Dicty.) megalocarpum, Hk. ; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 1 ft. or more br., the upper
part deeply pinnatifid, with lanceolate pinnatifid lobes, below this 6 pairs of
distinct pinnce, the lowest 6-9 in. 1., 3 in. br, with entire blunt oblong lobes
J in. br., reaching more than halfway down ; texture subcoriaceous ; under surface
glossy ; areolce copious, without free veinlets ; sori large, in two distinct rows.—
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 102.

Hab. Java, T. Lobb. — This has a good deal the general habit of difforme, but the
ultimate lobes are longer and narrower, and the sori very different.

83. P. (Dicty.) ferrugineum, Baker ; st. \\ ft. 1., clothed densely below, and
less so above, with ferruginous down and large lanceolate ferruginous scales ;
fr. 12-15 in. ]., 8 in. br., the lowest pinnae much the largest, deltoid, with distinct
lanceolate pinnl., those of the lower side cut down to the rachis into oblong
sinuated or pinnatifid lobes ; texture thinly herbaceous ; under surface sprinkled
with ferruginous hairs ; areolce confined to a single costal series without free
veinlets ; sori biserial. — Phegop. Mett. Fil. Ind. p. 224.

Hab. New Guinea, Zippelius.

84. P. (Dicty.) tenerifrons, Hk. ; rhizome creeping, fragile ; st. very slender,
8-12 in. 1. ; fr. 6-12 in. each way, deltoid, the upper part pinnatifid, below this
1-3 distinct pinnce, the lowest much the largest, deltoid, the lowest side produced
with deeply pinnatifid lanceolate lobes 2-3 in. 1. ; texture very thin, colour
bright-green ; areolce copious, without free veinlets ; sori in rows near the main
veins. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 104.

Hab. Moulmein, Parish, 92.

85. P. (Dicty.) macrodon, Reinw. ; rhizome decumbent ; st. 1 ft. or more L,
slightly scaly below ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., the apex deeply pinnatifid,
below this numerous lanceolate pinnce, the lowest sometimes 1 ft. L, 6-8 in. br.,
cut down to a narrow wing on the rachis into pinnatifid, close, lanceolate pinnl. ;
texture thin ; both sides naked ; areolce copious, without free veinlets ; sori small,
in rows near the main veins. — P. Cumingianum, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 103.

Hab. Philippines, Malaccas, Solomon Isles, Fiji.

86. P. (Dicty.) Cameroonianum, Hk. ; st. 4 ft. 1., glossy ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 2 ft. br.,
the upper part pinnatifid, with deep lanceolate lobes ; lower pinnce deltoid, more
than 1 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br., cut down below nearly to the rachis into pinnatifid
lanceolate lobes ; texture herbaceous, both sides naked ; areolce copious, with free
veinlets ; sori in rows near the main veins. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 104.

Hab. Cameroon Mountains, Mann, 1362. — It is by no means clear that this and the
two preceding are distinct from one another, and from Neph. cicutarium.

** Sori copious, scattered irregularly. Sp. 87-90.

87. P. (Dicty.) Brongniartii, Bory ; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 12-18 in. br., the apex
pinnatifid, with deep, lanceolate, repand lobes ; below this numerous distinct
pinnce, the lowest 6-9 in. L, lanceolate, cut three-quarters of the way down
throughout into acute, subentire, lanceolate lobes ^-1| in. L, J-f in. br. ; texture
subcoriaceous ; areolce copious, with a few free veinlets ; sori rather small and
quite confined to the margin of the lobes.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 103.

Hab. Malay Isles and Philippines. — Habit of P. difforme, but well distinguished by its
marginal sori.

88. P. (Dicty.) difforme, Blume ; st. tufted, erect, 1 ft. or more 1., the lower
part scaly ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., the upper pinnce lanceolate, entire, or with broad blunt
or falcate lobes reaching halfway or more down to the rachis, the lower ones

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM. 319

often deltoid, with the lobes of the lower side prolonged, several inches long, and
pinnatifid ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; areolce copious, with a few
free veinlets ; sori scattered, very copious. — P. irregulare, Presl. Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 106.

Hab. Malay Peninsula and Isles. — P. petrophyum, Blume, is said to differ by its longer
ultimate lobes and copious free veinlets.

89. P. (Dicty.) sparsiflortim, Hk. ; rhizome thick, knotted ; st. 18 in. 1., scaly
towards the base ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnce distant, 7-8 in. 1.,
1^-2 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge slightly repand, the base narrowed,
the lower ones stalked ; texture herbaceous ; both sides naked ; no distinct main
veins; areolce rather large, without free veinlets; sori small, scattered irre-
gularly.—#&. Sp. 5. p. 92.

Hab. Sierra de Crystal and Old Calabar, West Tropical Africa, Mann.

90. P. (Dicty.) draconopterum, Hk. ; rhizome woody, the scales lanceolate,
dull-brown ; st. 2-3 ft. 1., firm, erect, scaly below ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 2 ft. or more br.,
with a large oblong-acuminate terminal lobe, and several lateral ones on each
side, which do not reach down to the rachis, the lowest sometimes 1^ ft. 1., 4 in.
br., and forked ; texture papyraceous ; both sides naked ; main veins distinct to
the edge, connected by distinct transverse veinlets with copious areolse with free
veinlets between ; sori minute, copious, scattered, often confluent. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 86.

Hab. New Granada to Ecuador.

*** Eremobryoid series. Stems articulated at the point of junction with the
rhizome, and sori generally^ but not always* terminal on the veins. Polypodiumt
Mett. Sp. 91-389.

§§§§§ Eupolypodium. Veins free. Sp. 91-224. TAB. 48. Fig. a, b.

* Fronds entire. Sp. 91-111.

t Sori round. Sp. 91-103.

91. P. Sprucei, Hk. ; st. tufted, very short, clothed with soft spreading hairs ;
fr. 1 in. 1., 1-lf lin. br., blunt, narrowed gradually downwards, the edge entire ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both sides rather densely clothed with long soft hairs ;
veins simple ; sori few, round. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 172. 2nd Cent. t. 10.

Hab. E. Peru, Spruce, 4746.

92. P. parasiticum, Mett. ; fr. tufted, subsessile, 2-3 in. 1., 1^-2 lin. br.,
narrowed very gradually below, the point bluntish. the edge entire or slightly
undulated ; texture coriaceous ; both sides when young rather thickly clothed
with long soft hairs ; veins immersed, forked ; sori roundish, in two rows,
ultimately confluent. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 167.

Hab. Neilgherries and Ceylon. — Probably this is the Javan P. pilosiusculum, Hk.
(Grammitis, Blume) ; and Q. adspersa, Blume, which we have not seen, is apparently very
near it.

93. P. Hookeri, Brack. ; st. tufted, 1 in. or less 1., clothed with soft spreading
hairs ; Jr. 3-5 in. 1., ^-f in. br., the point acute or bluntish, the edge entire, the
lower part narrowed gradually ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides thinly clothed
with soft hairs ; veins simple or forked ; sori round, in long rows close to the
midrib.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 171. P. setigerum, Hk. $ Am. (non Blume).

Hab. Sandwich Isles, Fiji, Queensland, Philippines.— The Bourbon P. Beaumontii,
Leperv., is evidently the same. An authentic example of P. conforme, Brack., does not

320 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

differ essentially. P. subspathulatum, Brack., from the Society Isles, is said to have
partially-immersed sori placed as near the edge as the midrib, and small subspathulate
sterile fronds.

94. P. pseudo-grammitiS) Gaud. ; rhizome wide-creeping ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., about
1 lin. br., the point bluntish, the lower part tapering gradually into the short
stem, the edge slightly undulated ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ;
veins simple, immersed ; sori large, subglobose, scattered, close to the midrib, but
often projecting over the edge. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 165.

Hab. Sandwich Islands.

95. P. ligulatum, Baker ; st. short, slender, naked, tufted ; fr. 5-6 in. 1., J in.
br., ligulate, narrowed gradually towards both ends, the edge very slightly
repand ; texture subcoriaceous ; 'both sides naked ; veins forked ; sori round,
distant, close to the midrib.

Hab. Fiji, Brackenridge. — Like the preceding, but the texture thinner, the veins
forked, and sori a space from the margin.

96. P. subevenosum, Baker ; st. tufted, very short, black, wiry ; fr. 3-4 in. 1.,
i in. br., ligulate, the point bluntish, the lower part narrowed very gradually,
the edge slightly repand ; texture subcoriaceous ; colour bright-green, the rachis
black, slightly furfuraceous below ; veins simple, very short and indistinct ; sori
round, tending slightly towards oblong, in a long row on each side close to the
midrib.

Hab. Penang, Mactier. — Like the last in general habit, but quite different in the
veins.

97. P. jungermannioides, Klotzsch ; st. densely tufted, short, slender, ebeneous ;
fr. 2-3 in. 1., 1^-2 lin. br., ligulate, the point blunt, the lower part narrowed
gradually and the edge slightly repand ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides thinly
clothed with soft spreading hairs ; veins forked ; sori round, distant from one
another in a line close to the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 166.

Hab. Guatemala to Peru and Chili.

98. P. hirtettum, Bl. ; rhizome short- creeping, scaly ; fr. 2-3 in. 1., 2-3 lin. br.,
the point bluntish, the edge entire, the lower part tapering gradually into the
short stem ; texture subcoriaceous ; both surfaces thinly clothed with long, soft,
brown hairs ; veins hidden ; sori in two close rows nearer the midrib than the
edge.— Hk.Sp.l. p. 166.

Hab. Java. — P. lasiosorum, Hk., is probably a form of the same plant, with a smaller
frond and longer stem.

99. P. hirtum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., densely clothed with soft spreading
hairs; fr. 4-5 in. 1., J-f in. br., narrowed gradually downwards, the point
bluntish, the edge entire ; texture subcoriaceous, the surface, especially the edge
and midrib, ciliated like the stem ; veins with one short fork near the base ; sori
round, in long rows close to the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 170. t. 273. A. P. Rein-
wardtii, Mett.

Hab. Luzon, Cuming, 222 ; Java, Zollinger, 1791. — P. adspersum, Blume, judging from
the figure, is like this, but quite naked.

100. P. setigerum, Blume ; st. densely tufted, 2-3 in. 1., densely clothed with
long soft spreading ferruginous hairs ; fr. 8-12 in. 1., |-| in. br., the point acute,
the lower part narrowed rather suddenly, the edge entire ; texture subcoriaceous ;
both sides thinly clothed with long soft hairs like the stem ; veins pinnate ; sori
round, in long rows close to the midrib.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 171. 2nd Cent. t. 41.

Hab. Java.

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM. 321

101. P. zeylanicum, Mett. ; rhizome strong, wide-creeping, clothed with broad
grey scales ; st. 1 in. or more 1., clothed with soft spreading hairs ; fr. 8-12 in.
1., J-f in. br., the point acuminate, the base narrowed very gradually, the edge
slightly undulated ; texture coriaceous, both sides naked ; veins forked, oblique ;
sori round, in long rows midway between the midrib and edge. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 169. t. 272. B.

Hab. Ceylon.

102. P. samoense, Baker ; st. tufted, 1 in. or less 1., slender, brown, clothed
with soft spreading brown hairs ; fr. 3-6 in. 1., 2-3 lin. br., the point bluntish,
the edge nearly entire, the lower part narrowed very gradually ; texture
subcoriaceous ; the rachis green, the surfaces very nearly naked ; veins once
or even twice forked ; the sori small and sometimes on the point of both
veinlets, forming an irregular wavy line near the edge.

Hab. Samoa, Powell, 111.

103. P. chrysolepis, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, densely clothed with reddish-
brown squarrose scales ; st. 1 in. or more apart, 1 in. or more 1., scaly ; fr. 2-3
in. 1., ^ in. br., the point acute, the edge entire, the lower part narrowed very
gradually ; texture thick, coriaceous ; both surfaces clothed with small, pale,
ovate-acuminate deciduous scales attached by the centre of the disk ; veins
forked ; sori large, round, in rows nearer the midrib than the edge. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 173. Ic. PI. t. 721.

Hab. Andes of Quito, Jameson, 37. — Scales like those of Lepicystis.
ft Sori oblong. Sp. 104-111. Grammitis, Auct.

104. P. (Gram.) bisulcatum, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, scaly \fr. resembling
the stem of a rush, 6-9 in. 1., less than 1 lin. thick, with 5 furrows, of which
the two deepest bear the close prominent oval sori; veins invisible. — Hk. Sp.
4. p. 164. 2nd Cent. t. 98. Holcosorus pentagonus, Moore.

Hab. Borneo ; discovered by Mr. T. Lobb.

105. P. (Gram.) gramineum, Sw. ; rhizome short-creeping, scaly ; st. sub-
tufted, slender, 1-2 in. 1., finely villose ; fr. 2-4 in. 1., £ in. br., ligulate,
narrowed rather suddenly into the stem, the edge entire ; texture coriaceous ;
both sides nearly naked ; veins oblique, forked ; sori oval or oblong, placed
nearly end to end, with a space between them, in two rows, which reach from the
midrib nearly to the edge. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 165.

Hab. West Indies, Guiana. — The Javan G. ccespitosa, Blume, is said to differ by its
immersed sori and setigerous capsules, and is considered a distinct species by
Mettenius.

106. P. (Gram.) Poppigianum, Mett. ; st. tufted, clothed at the base with
lanceolate scales ; fr. I in. 1., J in. br., lanceolate-epathulate, obtuse, entire ;
texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins immersed, forked ; sori oblong, close
to the midrib.— #£. Sp. 4. p. 168.

Hab. Cape Colony, Poppig, fide Mettenius.

107. P. (Gram.) marginellum, Sw. ; st. densely tufted ; fr. 3-6 in. 1., l|-2 lin.
br., ligulate, blunt at the point, tapering gradually downwards into the short
stem ; texture coriaceous ; both surfaces naked or slightly hairy, the frond
margined with a distinct black line ; veins oblique, simple ; sori close, copious,
oval or oblong, in rows nearer the midrib than the edge. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 164.

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala to Guiana and Peru ; St. Helena, Cape Verdes.

2 s

322 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

108. P. (Gram.) australe, Mett. ; rhizome creeping, forming a dense mass ;
fr. 1-6 in. 1., 2-6 lin. br., the small ones spathulate, the larger ligulate, bluntish
at the point, tapering gradually downwards into the short stem ; texture coria-
ceous ; st. and both sides naked or slightly ciliated, the edge not bordered ; veins
oblique, often forked ; sori close, copious, oval or oblong, in rows nearer the
midrib than the edge.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 167.

Hab. Southern extremity of America and adjacent islands ; Tristan d'Acunha, New
Zealand, Australia, as far north as Queensland and New Caledonia.

109. P. (Gram.) sessilifolium, Hk. ; fr. tufted, 3-9 in. 1., 2-3 lin. br., narrowed
gradually below the point, bluntish, the edge entire or slightly undulated ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins forked ; sori oblong, placed end
Ao end in two long rows close to the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 168. t. 272. A.

'*&. Philippines and Malaya.

110. - x •f"s>natum} Mett. ; rhizome strong, wide-creeping, clothed with
broad grt., ' ^^ deciduously ciliated ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1.,
J-f in. br.", nai^ both ends, the edge entire ; texture coria-
ceous, the surface naked, mun^ rominent ; veins immersed, forked ; sori
oblong, in two long rows end to end close to the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 169.

Hab. Malaya.

111. P. (Gram.) Deplanchei, Baker ; rhizome stout, densely coated with stiff
spreading dark-brown fibrillose scales ; fr. sessile, 6-9 in. 1., §-| in. br., narrowed
gradually to both ends, the edge entire or with a few conspicuous blunt teeth
about the middle ; texture very coriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins oblique,
once forked ; sori oblong, oblique, immersed, in close rows in the upper half of
the frond near the edge.

Hab. New Caledonia, Deplanche, 5.

** Fronds lobed or dichotomously forked. Sp. 112-114.

112. P.flabellivenium, Baker; rhizome wiry, slender, wide-creeping, hardly at
all scaly ; st. 1-2 in. 1., wiry, naked, very slender ; fr. J-§ in. ]., nearly as br.,
roundish or broadly oblong, the edge very distinctly thickened, subentire or with
a few shallow rounded lobes ; texture thick and rigid ; veins flabellate, three or
four times dichotomously forked, distinctly visible when the frond is held up to
the light, sometimes the ultimate forks uniting before they reach the broad
thickened border ; sori distinctly immersed, 1-6 to a frond, all in the upper half,
not far from the edge, on the back of the veins.

Hab. Borneo ; gathered by Signor Beccari, communicated by Mrs. Lyell. — A very
distinct and interesting novelty ; more like Drymoglossum rigidum in texture than
anything else.

113. P. multijidum, Bory ; st. tufted, very short, slender, naked ; fr. 2-3 in. I.,
1^-2 lin. br., entire or forked, tapering downwards gradually ; texture coria-
ceous ; both sides naked ; veins immersed, simple, oblique ; sori large, roundish,
prominent, close, when mature projecting over the edge. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 174.

Hab. Bourbon and Mauritius. — The forking is probably abnormal ; and if so, this
should be placed next to P. parasiticum. Bojer's " Grammitis obtusa, Willd.," is
evidently the same plant.

114. P. furcatum, Mett. ; st. densely tufted, short, naked ; fr. 3-4 in. ]., 1 lin.
br., once or twice dichotomously forked, gradually attenuated below, the edge

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM. 323

entire or subsinuated ; texture subcoriaceous ; sori oblong, distant, oblique,
terminal on the principal veins. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 174. Grammitis, Hk. & Gr.
t. 62.

Hab. Guiana and the Amazon valley.

*** Fronds pinnatifid. Sp. 115-131.
f Lobes not reaching more than halfway down to the rachis. Sp. 115-118.

115. P. barbatulum, Baker ; st. tufted, slender, £-£ in. 1., clothed with soft
brown spreading hairs ; fr. 1-1^ in. 1., £ in. br., the edge entire or broadly lobed

to a depth of ^ line ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides more or less densely
clothed with long soft hairs ; veins pinnate in the lobes ; sori medial, uniserial. —
P. ciliatum, Bojer, Hort. Maur. p. 416. (non Willd.}.

Hab. Bourbon.

116. P. andinum, Hk. ; fr. tufted, subsessile, 4-6 in. 1., £-§ in. br., regularly
bluntly lobed about a quarter or third of the way down, the point acute or
bluntish, the lower part narrowed very gradually ; texture subcoriaceous ; both
sides thinly clothed with soft spreading hairs ; veins once forked ; sori large,
round, one to each lobe. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 179. 2nd Cent. t. 6.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador and Peru. — May possibly be P. crispatum, L. (Pluui. t.

117. P. trichosorum, Hk. ; rhizome creeping ; st. 1-2 in. L, slender, densely
clothed with soft spreading hairs ; fr. 3-4 in. 1., ^-f in. br., the point bluntish,
the edge crenato-sinuate to a depth of 1 lin., the lower part narrowed from the
middle ; texture coriaceous ; both sides, and especially the edge, clothed with
hairs, like those of the stem ; veins in pinnated groups ; sori in 2-3 rows on
each side.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 178. 2nd Cent. t. 12.

Hab. Andes of Quito, Jameson, 349.

118. P. trifurcatum, L. ; rhizome stout, creeping, densely clothed with linear
scales ; st. close, 3-5 in. 1., more or less villose, often bent ; fr. 6-9 in. L, 1 in. or
more br., with broad blunt entire lobes reaching from a third to halfway down ;
texture coriaceous ; both sides nearly naked ; veins in copiously pinnated groups,
with the lower veinlets forked, sometimes anastomosing ; sori copious, prin-
cipally in two rows in each lobe, immersed. — P. comptonisefolium, Desv.
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 192. P. scolopendrioides, Hk. $ Gr. p. 42.

Hab. West Indies to Peru. — The Linnaean name was founded on a forked form
figured by Plumier.

**** £0ies reaching nearly down to the main rachis. Sp. 119-131.

119. P. serrulatum, Mett. ; rhizome wide-creeping, fibrillose ; st. tufted, short,
slender, naked ; fr. 3-6 in. L, 2-3 lin. br., the upper part, sometimes the whole,
subentire, but more usually pectinato-pinnatifid, with rigid erecto-patent lobes ;
rachis subrigid, flexuose ; texture coriaceous ; both sides nearly naked ; sori
oblong, confluent.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 174. Xiphopteris, Kaulf. Hk. Gard. F. t. 44.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico to Brazil, Peru, and Juan Fernandez ; Sandwich Isles,
Madagascar, Mauritius, Guinea Coast. — X. extensa, Fde, is a narrow elongated form ;
X. Jamesoni, Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 14, a form with a distinct uncut upper part, the lower
two-thirds pectinato-pinnate, and ths texture so rigid that the threadlike midrib remains
after the pinnae fall ; Grammitis myosuroides, Schk. (P. setosum, Mett. Hk. Sp. 4. p. 175),
is apparently a form of this pinnatifid throughout ; and P. ? binerve, Hk. Sp. 4. t. 273. B.
one of the curious abnormal conditions of Acrostichum sorbifol'

324 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

120. P. subpinnatifidum, Bl. ; fr. tufted, subsessile, 4-6 in. 1., 2 lin. br.,
attenuated at the base, cut down nearly to the rachis into lobes, tlie upper edge
of which is nearly straight and horizontal and the lower very oblique ; texture
subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins forked, the upper branch bearing a
solitary sorus in each lobe. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 177.

Hab. Java, Sandwich Isles. — Very like the next in habit and cutting, but the fertile
lobes quite flat. «

121. P. cucuUa/tum, Nees. ; st. densely tufted, very short, naked ; fr. 3-5 in. 1.,
2-3 lin. br., flaccid, pinnatifid throughout ; lobes linear-oblong, blunt, entire,
^-f lin. br., the fertile ones confined to the upper part, broader and with the
edges upcurved so as to clasp the large solitary sorus ; texture thick, sub-
coriaceous ; rachis naked or ciliated ; both sides naked. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 176.
Calymmodon, Presl.

Hab. Philippines, Malaya, Ceylon, Samoa, New Caledonia.

122. P. subdimidiatum, Baker ; st. densely tufted, very short, wiry, naked ; fr.
flaccid, 4-12 in. 1., §-| in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into lobes nearly as
broad as deep, which are irregular in shape,' the upper edge crenate, cut away
close against the rachis, the lower edge subdimidiate, entire, and very much
decurrent ; texture subcoriaceous ; colour pale-green ; both sides naked ; main
vein not produced to the point of the pinnae, with usually a short branch below
and a large one above ; sori large, 1-3 in the centre of the lobes.

Hab. Venezuela, Fendler, 207 ; Andes of Ecuador, Jameson, 2122 ; British Guiana,
Appun, 1130.

123. P. organense, Mett. ; st. tufted, 1 in. or more 1., naked ; fr. 6-8 in. 1.,
3-4 lin. br., cut down about halfway to the rachis into close oblong entire blunt
lobes, the lower part narrowed very gradually ; texture subcoriaceous ; both
surfaces naked ; sori oblong, one at the base of each lobe, ultimately confluent
and forming two long rows close to the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 177. Ic> Pl<
t. 509.

Hab. Organ Mountains, Brazil, Gardner, 5913.

124. P. leucosorum, Bojer ; rhizome short-creeping, densely clothed with dark-
brown fibrillose scales ; st. 4-6 in. 1., rigid, dark-brown, glossy ; fr. I ft. or more
1., 1^-2 in. br., cut down within a short distance of the rachis into blunt entire
lanceolate lobes, those of the barren fr. broader and shorter ; texture coriaceous ;
both sides naked ; veins obscure, mostly twice forked ; sori large, prominent, in
two rows, appearing when young as white chalky dots. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 198.
Ic. t. 942-3.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.

125. P. villosissimum, Hk. ; rhizome stout, creeping, densely scaly ; st. sub-
tufted, 2-4 in. 1., clothed with fine soft spreading hairs, sometimes geniculate ;
fr. 6-9 in. 1., f-1^ in. br., cut down within a short distance of the rachis into
close entire lobes 2-3 lin. br., the lower ones reduced ; texture coriaceous ; rachis
and under side densely clothed with long soft brown hairs ; veinlets obscure,
twice forked or subpinnate ; sori in two rows near the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 197.

Hab. Sierra Leone and Fernando Po ; gathered by Barter and Mann.

126. P. solidum, Mett. ; rhizome stout, the scales lanceolate, bright-ferru-
ginous ; st. 1 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr. 6-8 in. 1., f in. br., cut down
nearly to the rachis into close, distinctly toothed bluntish lobes £ in. br. ; texture

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM, 325

coriaceous ; both sides quite naked ; veinlets forked ; sori medial. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 193.

Hab. Java, Zollinger, 165.

127. P. discolor, Hk. ; fr. tufted, subsessile, 4-6 in. 1., ^-f in. br., cut down
within a short distance of the rachis into close, blunt, entire, linear-oblong
l|-2 lin. br. ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface with small white dots, the lower
clothed with white chalky meal ; veins obscure ; sori in rows of 3-4 on each side
close to the edge.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 189. Ic. PL t. 4.

Hab. British Guiana, SchomburgTc, 1031.

128. P. crassifrons, Baker; rhizome stout, the scales spreading, fibrillose,
dark-brown ; st. tufted, firm, very short, densely clothed with short dark-
brown hairs; fr. 5-6 in. 1., ^ in. br., narrowed very gradually downwards, cut
down nearly to the rachis into close entire blunt lobes 1 lin. br. ; texture very
thick ; under surface, especially the midrib, clothed with short brown tomentum ;
veins hidden ; sori in close rows of 6-8 each, close to the edge of the lobes.

Hab. New Caledonia, Deplanche, — The alliance of this is with the preceding.

129. P. subserratum, Hk. ; rhizome creeping ; st. 4-5 in. 1., erect, rigid, slender,
nearly black, clothed above with short stout black hairs ; fr. 8 in. 1., 2 in. br.,
cut down nearly to the rachis into close blunt entire lobes £ in. br. ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis black, erect, hispid, like the stem ; both sides
naked ; veins close, black, distinct, once forked ; sori not known. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 202.

Hab. Borneo ; gathered by Mr. Wallace.

130. P. Khasyanum, Hk. ; st. tufted, very short, fringed with soft hairs ; fr.
1 ft. or more 1., 1^ in. br., flaccid, cut down within a short distance of the rachis
into linear-oblong entire or slightly undulated blunt lobes 2-3 lin. br. ; texture
thick, subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides ciliated ; veinlets simple ; sori sunk,
in rows of 4-6 on each side the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 191. 2nd Cent. t. 49.

Hab. Khasya and Assam (3-4,000 ft.).

131 . P. iiicequale, Fee ; st. tufted, very short ;fr. 18 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., cut down
within ^ in. of the rachis throughout into linear-oblong bluntish or acute
subentire lobes, those of the lower part l|-2 in. 1., 2 lin. br., the lowest much
reduced ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins nearly all forked ; sori
nearer the edge than the midrib. — Fee, Fil. Ant. t. 12.

Hab. Guadeloupe.

***** Fronds pinnate. Sp. 132-207.

•f* Pinnae close, dilated and casually confluent at the base. Sp. 132-186.
A. Fronds half an inch or less broad. — Sp. 132-143.

132. P. moniliforme, Lag. ; rhizome stout, creeping, densely clothed with dull-
brown linear or lanceolate scales ; st. 1-3 in. 1. , erect, rigid, slightly villose ; fr.
6-9 in. 1., J in. br., cut down to the rachis into close entire rounded pinnae
\ in. each way ; texture very coriaceous ; rachis black ; both sides naked ; veins
hidden ; sori 1-4 to each pinna. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 182. P. subcrenatum, Hk. Ic.
t. 719. Jamesonia adnata, Kze.

Hab. Along the Andes from Mexico to Peru. — Distinguished in the group by its very
rigid habit and short broad often decurved pinnee. P, humile, Mett., appears to be a
variety with the sori nearer the edge than usual.

326 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

133. P. exiguum, Griseb. ; st. tufted, thread-like, very short, naked ; fr.
pendulous, 6-24 in. L, 2 lin. br. ; pinnae ^-1 lin. 1., ^ lin. br., half-ovate, blunt,
entire or with a single crenation on the upper side, distant, but the base broadly
dilated on both sides ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins and sori
1 to each pinna, the former forked.— Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind.p. 701.

Hab. Jamaica, Purdie.

134. P. trichomanoides, Swz. ; st. densely tufted, short, clothed with soft
spreading deciduous hairs ; fr. 3-6 in. ]., 2-4 lin. br., cut down to the rachis into
close linear-oblong blunt pinnae under 1 lin. br. ; rachis wiry, ebeneous ; texture
subcoriaceous, the surfaces naked or slightly clothed with soft hairs ; veins and
sori 1 in each pinna, the former forked, the latter near the base. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 178. — j3, P. truncicola, Klotzsch ; lobes not reaching quite down to the rachis,
soft hairs more copious. — Hk. Sp. 4. I. c.

Hab. Cuba to Brazil and Ecuador ; Juan Fernandez, Ascension Island, Malacca,
Sikkim.

135. P. flabelliforme, Lam. ; st. tufted, short, fringed with long soft hairs ;
fr. flaccid, 4-12 in. 1., f-jr in. br., cut down throughout nearly or quite to the

rachis into entire or slightly crenate blunt pinnae \-\\ lin. br., which are
decurrent at the base ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides
naked or with a few long soft hairs ; sori large, 1-3 to a pinna, terminal on the
short simple veinlets. — Hie. Sp. 4. p. 187.

- Hab. Columbia to Peru. — Distinguished in the group by its flaccid habit, slender black
filiform rachis, and few sori.

136. P. subtile, Kunze ; st. tufted, slender, very short ; fr. flaccid, 3-4 in. l.»
2-4 lin. br., ligulate, narrowed gradually towards both ends, cut down to the
rachis throughout into close entire blunt pinnce ^-f lin. br. ; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous ; rachis black, like both sides thinly clothed with long soft hairs ;
sori 3-6 to a pinna, terminating the short veinlets. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 187. t. 275. A.

Hab. Venezuela to Peru. — Lobes narrower and closer than in the last, and texture
almost that of a thin Adiantum. P. subscabrum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 183. t. 274. A. is appa-
rently this ; but it is not the plant of Klotzsch.

137. P. delicatulum, M. & G. ; rhizome wide-creeping, slender ; st. tufted,
wiry, 1-2 in. 1., densely clothed with long soft hairs ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., \ in. br., cut
down to the rachis into close blunt entire pinnce 1-1^ lin. br., the lower ones
broader and shorter ; texture subcoriaceous ; veinlets simple ; both sides thinly
clothed with long soft hairs ; sori copious, subimmersed, 6-8 to a pinna. — Hk.
Sp. 4. p. 184.

Hab. Mexico to Ecuador.

. P. peruvianum, Desv. ; rhizome creeping, fibrillose ; st. 1-2 in. ]., slender,
clothed with soft spreading hairs ; fr. 3-4 in. L, £-f in. br., cut down to

138.
erect,

the rachis into oblong-triangular blunt entire pinnce |"in. br. ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; both sides nearly naked ; veinlets immersed, simple ; sori rather
large, 2-4 to a pinna. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 186. P. anfractuosum, Kze.

Hab. Venezuela and Peru. — This comes very near the next species. P. monticola,
Klotzsch, is probably a reduced form. It is described as caespitose ; but in our specimen
the rhizome is slender and greatly elongated, with the fronds 2-3 in. distant from one
another.

139. P. parvulum., Bory ; rhizome stout, short-creeping, clothed with linear
scales ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., f in. br., tapering gradually downwards into a very short

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM. 327

stem, cut down to the rachis into entire erecto-patent pinnce 1 lin. br. ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked or deciduously hairy ; veinlets im-
mersed, simple ; sori 2-6 to a pinna, medial. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 184. t. 274. B.

Hab. N. India (up to 8,500 ft.), Ceylon, Mascaren Isles, Zambesi-land.— The Javan
plant, P. inconspicuum, Blume, is said to differ by its firmer texture and costular sori.

140. P. glandulosum, Hk. ; st. tufted, very short ; Jr. 2-4 in. 1., J-f in. br.,
cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into close, rather deeply-toothed,
decurrent oblong pinnae, the lower ones gradually reduced ; texture papyraceo-
herbaeeous ; colour dull-green ; both sides densely glandular but not hairy ;
veinlets simple ; sori 1-3 to each pinna. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 193. t. 276. A.

Hab. Ceylon. — Perhaps a form of P. parvulum, with which it agrees in general habit.

141. P. jubceforme, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, slender, 1-2 in. 1., wiry, naked ; Jr. 6-12
in. 1., ^ in. br., cut down to the rachis into close, entire, decurrent blunt lobes

1 lin. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; the black threadlike rachis and both sides
naked ; veinlets simple ; sori medial, 2-6 on a side, conspicuously immersed. —
Hk.Sp. 4. p. 186.

Hab. West Indies and Panama.

142. P. pilosissimum, M. & G. ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., rigid, clothed with soft
spreading hairs ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., ^-f in. br., cut down nearly or quite to the
rachis into close, blunt, entire lobes 1-1^ lin. br., the lower ones growing
gradually shorter and broader ; texture coriaceous ; rachis rigid, ebeneous ; both
sides naked or the lower one pilose ; sori in rows of 4-5 on each side of the
midrib of i\\Q pinnce, distinctly immersed. — Hk. /Sp. 4. p. 181.

Hab. Mexico to Ecuador and South Brazil. — The most rigid of the group except
P. moniliforme.

143. P. lasiostipes, Mett. ; st. tufted, very short, clothed with short stiff
spreading blackish hairs ; Jr. 2-4 in. 1., ^ in. br., cut down to the rachis into
erecto-patent blunt entire pinnce 1 lin. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
beneath densely and the surface slightly hispid like the stem ; veinlets simple,
4-6 on each side ; sori submarginal. — Mett. Fil. Nov. Cal. p. 76.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 1601-2.
B. Fronds more than half an inch broad, flaccid, pendulous. Sp. 144-163.

144. P. cultratum, Willd. ; st. tufted, short, slender, clothed with soft spreading
brown hairs ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., ^-1 in. br., cut down to the rachis into close
horizontal or decurved blunt pinnce 1^-2 lin. br. ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ;
the black threadlike rachis and both sides clothed with hairs like those of the
stem ; veinlets simple, 4-6 on each side ; sori medial. — (3, P. elasticum, Bory, —
smaller, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 190. P. senile, Fee.

Hab. Cuba and Guatemala to Brazil and Peru ; Mauritius, Fernando Po.

145. P. grammitidis, R. Br. ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., wiry, naked ; Jr. 4-12 in. 1.,

2 in. or more br. ; pinnce erecto-patent, sometimes linear, blunt, usually ^-f in.
br., more or less deeply pinnatifid, the base abruptly decurrent; texture
coriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked / veinlets immersed, simple or forked ;
sori oblong, copious, usually 1 to each lobe at the base.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 230.

Hab. New Zealand and Van Diemen's Land.

146. P. sarmentosum, Brack. ; st. subtufted, 1 in. or less \.\Jr. 3-6 in. 1., 1-2
in. br., the point caudate, cut down nearly to the rachis into erecto-patent blunt

328 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

entire or slightly crenated pinnae | in. br., dilated at the base, the lower ones
narrowed down gradually to a wing to the rachis ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis
and both sides naked or slightly villose ; veinlets oblique, simple or forked ; sori
few, scattered.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 195.

Hab. Sandwich Isles and Sumatra. — Very near the next.

147. P. Adenophorus, Hk. & Am. ; fr. subsessile, flaccid, pendulous, 6-12
in. 1., f-1 in. br., cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into acute slightly
sinuated horizontal or even rather decurved pinnce -J in. br., which are dilated at
the base, the lower ones shorter and broader ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and
both sides nearly naked ; veinlets simple or forked ; sori in rows close to the
midrib.— #£. Sp. 4. p. 195.

Hab. Sumatra, Sandwich Isles, Peru. — The alliance of this is with the two preceding.

148. P. dbliqwtum, Blume ; st. tufted, 1 in. or more 1., rigid, naked or villose ;
fr. 8-12 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., cut down to the rachis throughout into entire close
subhorizontal linear pinnce 1-1^ lin. br., dilated at the base, the lower ones short
and blunt ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis naked or hispid ; both sides naked ;
veinlets simple ; sori sunk in a cavity, 4 to 6 on each side, the edge of the fertile
pinnae sometimes undulated. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 190 (in part}. Cryptosorus, Fee.

Hab. South India, Ceylon, Malaya, Philippines. — Forms the genus Ccelopteris, A. Br.,
and with P. papillosum, Thylacopteris of Kunze.

149. P. repandulum, Mett. ; st. tufted, very short, naked ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 1-1^
in. br., cut down to the rachis throughout into erecto-patent blunt crenated pinnce
|-f lin. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets simple ;
sori slightly immersed, filling nearly the whole space between the midrib and
edge.— P. obliquatum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 190 (in part). P. Thwaitesii, Beddome,
Fil. JSrit. Ind. 1. 188.

Hab. Ceylon, Gardner, 1147, 1290 ; Thwaites, 3900. — A smaller and less coriaceous
plant than the last, with the sori indistinctly immersed.

150. P. subsecundo-dissectum, Zolling. ; st. tufted, \-\ in. 1. ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., f-1
in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into numerous close subdimidiate oblong
pinnce, which are quite entire or only slightly toothed towards the point on the outer
side, but cut down nearly to the rachis on the inner side into 4 to 6 oblong lobes ;
texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; both sides clothed with soft spreading yellowish
hairs ; veins abbreviated ; sori close to the midrib. — Mett. Fil. Ind. 2. p. 220.

Hab. Java, Zollinger, 1578. — Characterized in the group by its subdimidiate pinnae.

151. P. minutum, Blume ; st. tufted, 2-3 in. 1., clothed with soft yellowish
hairs ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., f-f in. br. ; pinnce 1-1| lin. br., close, erecto-patent, blunt,
slightly crenated, the lower ones reduced ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; both
sides clothed with soft yellowish hairs ; veins simple, very short ; 'sori 1 to 3 on
each side, close to the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 188.

Hab. Ceylon, Malay Isles, and Philippines.

152. P. sulfalcatum, Blume ; st. densely tufted, under 1 in. L, thinly clothed
with soft spreading hairs ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br. ; pinnce close, spreading,
rather sharply toothed from one-third to halfway down, decurrent at the base,
the lower ones gradually reduced ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; both sides
slightly villose ; veinlets simple ; sori in rows, 1 to each tooth. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 193
(in part}.

Hab. Malay Isles. — The Javan P. lividum, Mett., is said to differ by its firmer texture,
shorter hairs, and immersed sori.

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM. 329

153. P. decipiens, Hk. ; st. tufted, slender, wiry, short, naked or villose ; fr.
flaccid, pendent, 1 ft. 1., 2 in. or more br. ; pinnae 1-2 in. ]., distinct, entire, 1 lin. br.,
pinnatind ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; ebeneous rachis and both surfaces
naked ; veinlets 1 to each lobe ; sori copious. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 231. t. 279. B.
P. pilipes, Mett. non Hk.

Hab. West Indies to Peru. — The alliance of this is with Jhe preceding species rather
than with P. pilipes, which is much more coriaceous in texture, with an indistinct rachis.

154. P. subsessile, Baker ; st. scarcely any ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., the
pinnae distant, linear, bluntish, about 1 lin. br., entire or slightly crenate, dilated
suddenly at the base so as to be almost or quite connected, the lower ones reduced
to a mere zigzag wing to the rachis ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis black ;
both sides naked or even glossy ; veinlets simple ; sori in 2 long rows. — P. pte-
ropus, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 192. t. 275 B. non Blume.

Hab. Columbia, Guiana, and Ecuador.

155. P. farinosum, Hk. ; st. 1 in. or less 1., wiry, flexuose ; fr. pendent, 4-5
in. 1., 1^-2 in. br. ; pinnce close, 1 in. or more 1., 2-3 lin. br., the point blunt, the
edge obscurely undulated, the base dilated and then narrowed ; texture subcori-
aceous ; both sides with white meal ; veinlets immersed, forked ; sori copious. —
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 223. 2nd Cent. t. 47.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson.

156. P. curvatum, Sw. ; rhizome stout, scaly ; st. 3-4 in. 1., naked, glossy, dark-
brown \fr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., pendent, cut down to the curved and flexuose
rachis into close linear crenated pinnce 1^-2 lin. br., which are decurrent at the
base ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis finely pubescent ; both sides naked ; veinlets
obscure, 1- or 2-forked ; sori bright-yellow, in 2 long rows. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 201.
P. curvans, Mett.

Hab. Jamaica to Ecuador and Peru. — This has a good deal the appearance and texture
of P. pectinatum, but is pendent and remarkably flexuose.

157. P. pendulum, Sw. ; caud. suberect, scaly ; fr. flaccid, pendulous, 6-12
in. or more 1., 1-2 in. br., subsessile or short-stalked, cut down nearly or quite to
the rachis into blunt entire pinnce 1 ^-2 lin. br., which are dilated at the base, the
lower part narrowed into a mere decurrent wing to the rachis ; texture subcori-
aceous ; rachis naked or villose ; both sides naked ; veinlets forked ; sori slightly
immersed, forming a row on each side close to the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 194.

Hab. West Indies to Brazil and Peru.

158. P. suspensum, L. ; st. tufted, 4-8 in. 1., dark chesnut-brown, clothed with
soft spreading hairs ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 1^-3 in. br., cut down to the rachis into
horizontal entire acute or bluntish pinnae l|-3 lin. br., dilated at the base, the
lower ones not gradually reduced ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous or subcoriaceous ;
rachis and under side more or less clothed with ferruginous hairs ; veinlets forked ;
sori in long rows close to the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 196.

Hab. Mexico and Cuba to South Brazil and Ecuador.— This has often an erect stem,
with a very decided curve at the top (Plum. t. 102). P. asplenifolium, L., is larger in
size, densely clothed with long rough reddish hairs, the pinnae broader, and the lower
ones reduced. P. mollissimum, Fde, is like the type in habit, but very soft, with the
veins simple, and the lower pinnae much reduced.

159. P. melanopus, Gr. & Hk. ; st. 3-4 in. 1., slender, black, naked, bent so that
the frond hangs down \fr. 7-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., cut down to the rachis into linear
bluntish faintly crenated pinnce \ in. br., the lower ones slightly reduced ; texture

2 T

330 48. POLTPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets very distinct, once forked ;
sori in 2 long rows. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 200.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson. — This may be a form of the last, but the pinnae are
longer and closer.

160. P. celeUcum, Blume ; st. 3-5 in. 1., tufted, villose \fr. 12-15 in. 1., 2 in. br.,
eut down to the rachis throughout into close nearly horizontal entire bluntish
pinnae 1^-2 lin. br. ; texture coriaceous ; rachis ciliated, the rest nearly naked ;
veinlets simple ; sori deeply sunk, 8 to 12 in a row on each side the midrib. —
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 191.

Hab. Borneo and Celebes.

161. P. griseum, Liebm. ; rMzome stout, "wide-creeping, scaly ; st. 4-6 in. 1., pale-
brown, polished, villose ; fr. flaccid, 1-2 ft. or more 1., 3-4 in. br., cut down to the
rachis into entire acute or bluntish lanceolate pinnce j-§ in. br. ; texture herba-
ceous ; rachis densely villose, and both sides finely pubescent ; veins fine, close,
2- or 3-forked, the groups sometimes joining ; sori in 2 long rows midway between
the midrib and edge. — Hk. Sp. 4. j?. 202.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala,

162. P. sublanosum, Hk. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, greyish, villose throughout ;
fr. 12-15 in. 1., 3 in. br. ; pinnce close, alternate, 1^ in. 1., J-| in. br., bluntish,
entire, dilated at the base, only the lowest, which are shorter and deflexed, quite
free ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; weak rachis and both sides villose ; veinlets
twice forked, very fine and inconspicuous ; sori in medial rows. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 221.

Hab. Organ Mountains, Gardner, 122.

163. P. pilipes, Hk. ; st. tufted, flexuose, 3-4 in. 1., densely clothed with soft
spreading hairs ;fr. pendent, 6-9 in. 1., 2-4 in, br., cut down nearly to the rachis
into close linear lobes, which are often deeply pinnatifid ; texture coriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets 1 to each lobe ; sori copious. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 230. Ic. t. 221.

HaK Peru, Matthews.

C. fronds more than half an inch broad, erect or suberect. Sp. 164-186.

164. P. macrocarpum, Presl ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely clothed with
lanceolate adpressed scales ; st. 1-3 in. 1., wiry, often flextrose, deciduously scaly ;
fr. 3-4 in. 1., 1 in, or more br., lanceolate, cut down nearly to the rachis into
blunt entire or obscurely toothed pinnce £ in. br., dilated at the base, and with a
rounded sinus between them ; texture coriaceous ; veins hidden, forked ; upper
surface naked, lower densely coated with scales ; sori large, copious. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 215. P. Tweedianum, Hk. Ic. t. 86.

Hab. Bolivia to Chili.— Habit and scales like those of P. incanum.

165. P. madrense, 3. Sm. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely clothed with
minute scales ; st, 2-4 in. 1., firm, erect, naked or slightly scaly ; fr. 3-5 in. ].,
If -2 in. br., cut down very nearly to the rachis into horizontal blunt entire pinnce
% in. br., with a rounded sinus between them ; texture coriaceous ; ebeneous rachis
and under side thinly coated with minute scales ; veinlets 2-forked, obscure ; sori
large, copious. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 214.

Hab. Sierra Madre, N, W. Mexico, Seemann, 1941. — About midway between the last
. pectirwttum.

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM. 331

166. P. rigescens, Bory ; rhizome stout, creeping, densely clothed with dull-
brown linear scales ; st. 1-3 in. 1., wiry or slightly villose, naked ; fr. 6-12 in. 1.,
| in. or more br., cut down to the rachis into close entire blunt linear-oblong
pinnce ± in. br,, the lower ones reduced ; rachis black, wiry ; both surfaces naked,
the under one sometimes glaucous ; veinlets hidden ; sori in rows of 4 to 5 on
each side.— Hlc. 8? Gr. Ic. t. 216.

Hab. Cuba to Chili and Brazil ; Bourbon, Fernando Po. — A plant from Dr. Spruce
has a rigid rhizome 2 ft. 1., clothed with large ovate-lanceolate scales, and the fronds are
quite sessile ; and another has fronds 18 in. 1., 2 ia. br,, with 6-9 sori in a row.

167. P. fuscatum, Blume ; st. tufted, 1-3 in. L, densely clothed with soft spread-
ing hairs ; fr. 3-6 in, 1., ^-1 in. br., cut down nearly or quite to the rachis
throughout into close entire obtuse pinnce % lin. br., the lower ones shorter and
broader ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides thinly clothed with soft
hairs ; veins obscure, simple ; sori forming a close row on each side the midrib,1 at
last filling nearly the whole surface. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 181,

Hab. Java and Ceylon.

168. P. decorum. Brack. ; rhizome creeping, densely clothed with linear scales ;
st. 1 in. or less 1., rigid, naked \fr. 6-12 in. 1., ^-1 in. br., cut down nearly or quite
to the rachis into entire linear blunt pinnce about 1 lin. br., the lower ones growing
gradually shorter and blunter ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked, or the rachis
hispid ; veins obscure ; sori immersed, in 2 rows of 4 to 6 each, filling up the
whole space between the midrib and edge. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 179.

Hab. Ceylon, Malaya, and Philippines to Tahiti and Sandwich Isles. — This is referred
to P. nutans (Blume) by Mettenius, but the figure and description do not quite agree
with it.

169. P. Uechnoides, Hk. ; rhizome stout, clothed with dense linear scales ; st.
2-3 in. 1., rigid, erect, naked ; fr. 8-12 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., cut down very nearly
to the rachis throughout ; fertile pinnce confined to the upper half of the frond,
longer and narrower than the barren ones, which are bluntish, about g in. br.,
growing gradually shorter and broader downwards ; texture coriaceous ; rachis
and both sides naked ; sori oblong, immersed, in rows near the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 180. Cryptosorus Seemanni, J. Sm.

Hab. Polynesian Islands and "Queensland.

170. P. LobUanum, Hk. ; rhizome short-creeping, stout, densely scaly \fr. sub-
sessile, 4-6 in. 1., f-1 J in. br. ; pinnce numerous, close, \ lin. br., the edge with
distinct rounded crenations, lower ones gradually reduced ; texture coriaceous ;
rachis wiry, ebeneous ; both sides quite naked ; veinlets simple, indistinct, 1 to
each lobe ; sori immersed, small, copious. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 226. t. 278. B.

Hab. Borneo, T. Lobb. — This and the three last are the most rigid in texture of the
group.

171. P. argyratuin, Bory ; rhizome stout, the scales linear, ferruginous ; st. 2-3
in. ]., wiry, naked ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., cut down to the rachis into close
horizontal nearly entire pinnce 1 in. br., narrowed gradually upwards ; texture
subcoriaceous ; under surface coated when young with white meaj, which dis-
appears as the plant grows older, for the rest naked ; veinlets immersed ; sori
marginal, 4 to 8 on each side. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 198.

Hab. Bourbon and Mauritius.

172. P. Skinneri, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, clothed with broad pale ad-
pressed scales ; st. 2 in. 1., rigid, deciduously scaly ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., cut
down nearly or quite to the rachis into numerous close horizontal linear slightly
creiiated pinnce not more than 1 lin. br., with a rounded sinus between them ;

332 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and under surface thinly clothed with minute ovate
toothed scales ; veinlets obscure, simple ; son in. 2 long rows. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 276. B.

Hab. Guatemala ; gathered by Mr. Skinner.

173. P. furfuraceum, Schlecht. ; rhizome strong, densely clothed with brown
woolly fibrils ; st. 3-4 in. 1., rigid, erect, scaly and villose ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-4
in. br., cut down to the rachis into linear acute or bluntish entire pinnae 2 lin.
br., dilated on both sides at the base ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and under side
clothed with dense scales and soft spreading hairs ; veinlets forked ; sori in 2 long
rows.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 213.

Hab. Mexico. — Eigid habit and dense scales of Lepicystis, but the veins free.

174. P. papillosum, Blume ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, scaly ; st. 4-6 in.
1., erect, slender, rigid, naked ; fr. I ft. or more 1., 2 in. br., cut down to the
rachis into close horizontal blunt entire or faintly crenated pinnce 2-3 lin. br. ;
texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins black,
distinct, once forked ; sori in rows near the edge, deeply immersed, the cavity
prominent on the upper side. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 198. 2nd Cent. t. 46.

Hab. Java and Philippines, and, according to Mettenius, Japan.

175. P. radicale, Moritz ; st. 6-8 in. 1., tufted, ebeneous, rigid, clothed with
soft spreading hairs ; fr. 8-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., cut down to the rachis into
spreading entire blunt pinnce fa in. br., dilated at the base, the lower ones not
reduced ; texture coriaceous ; both surfaces naked ; veinlets hidden ; sori large, in
marginal rows.

Hab. S. Brazil, Gardner, 128 ; Venezuela, Fendler, 216. — Most like P. suspensum in
cutting, but suberect, and the texture so rigid that the frond will scarcely adhere to
paper.

176. P. pulchrum, M. & G. ; rhizome stout, shortly scaly ; st. subtufted, 3-4
in. 1., rigid, erect, blackish, glossy ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., cut down into
close horizontal entire blunt pinnce 1-1^ lin. br., dilated at the base ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis rigid, black, scaly throughout on the lower side ;
midrib black ; veinlets obscure ; sori small, in 2 long rows. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 199.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Brazil. — Very near P. taxifolium, but a coarser plant, with
less distinct venation.

177. P. taxifolium, L. ; rhizome stout, scaly ; st. subtufted, 2-4 in. ]., erect,
rigid, clothed with soft spreading hairs ; fr. 6-12 in. or more 1., 1^-3 in. br., cut
down to the rachis into close entire or slightly crenated blunt horizontal pinnce
1^-2 lin. br., the lower ones distant and much reduced ; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; rachis naked or villose ; both sides naked ; veinlets
simple, very distinct, with the sori terminal upon them. — P. Plumula, H. B. K.
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 200.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Peru and South Brazil. — Well distinguished by its
finely-cut pectinate habit and simple oblique usually distinctly-marked veiulets, with the
sori terminal upon them. P. ferrugineum (M. & G.), Hk. Sp. 4. p. 182. and P. apicula-
tum (Kze.), Hk. 1. c. p. 185. both seem small forms of this, rather thicker in texture than
usual. P. L'Herminieri, Fee, Fil. Ant. t. 12. belongs here.

178. P. recurvatum, Kaulf. ; rhizome creeping, the scales ovate-lanceolate,
bright-ferruginous ; st. 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1., 4-6 in. br., cut down
to the rachis into close entire acuminate pinnce fa-% in. br., the lower ones
quite distinct, not smaller than the others ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis finely
pubescent ; veins obscure, forked ; sori in a single medial line. — Mett. Polyp,
p. GO.

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODTUM. 333

Hab. Brazil, Burchell, 1977, 2020. — This comes near some of the forms of P. pect inatum,
but the scales are different, and the lower pinnae not reduced.

179. P. pectinatum, L. ; rhizome stout, fibrillose ; st. rigid, erect, 2-6 in. 1.,
naked or finely villose ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 2-6 in. br., cut down to the rachis into
close blunt horizontal entire or slightly-toothed pinna l|-3 lin. br., the lower
ones much reduced ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; colour deep-green ; ractm
and both sides naked or finely villose ; veinlets pellucid, once or twice forked ;
sori in lonj? rows.— HJc. Sp. 4. p. 203. G. F. t. 10. P. lomariseforme, Kze. Hk.
L c. /3, P. Schkuhrii, Raddi ; fr. smaller, nearly naked, the veins black —
J3fc^.4.>.204.

Hab. Mexico and W. Indies to Peru and Brazil ; common. — Similar in habit to the two
last, but larger, with the veinlets pellucid in the living, and consequently inconspicuous in
the dried plant, usually twice forked, and producing the sorus from the tip of the lowest
branch.

180. P. meridense, Klotzsch ; rhizome creeping, the scales fibrillose, dark-
brown ; st. 3-6 in. L, wiry, black, scarcely at all villose ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 3 in. br.,
lanceolate, cut down to "the rachis into close bluntish slightly crenate pinnae
2 lin. br., which are dilated at the base, the lowest not reduced ; texture
coriaceous ; rachis villose ; both surfaces nearly naked ; veins hidden, once
forked ; sori submarginal.— Klotzsch, Linn. 20. jo." 380. P. Spixianum, Mart.

Hab. Columbia, Moritz, 335, Lindig ; Brazil, Burchell, 2268.

181. P. Abitaguce, Hk. ; rhizome clothed with linear bright-ferruginous
scales ; st. 6-9 in. L, firm, erect, ebeneous, finely villose ; fr. 1 ft. or more L,
3-4 in. br., cut down to the rachis into obscurely undulated subacute horizontal
pinnw J in. br., dilated at the base, the lowest not reduced ; texture coriaceous j
rachis and both sides finely villose ; veins immersed, once forked ; sori in two
rows midway between the edge and midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 206.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Spruce, 5281. — Very near the last, from which it differs by its
finely-villose stem and surface and medial sori. The two are much more coriaceous than
pectinatum, with the veins hidden, and lower pinnae not reduced.

182. P. Moritzianum, Link ; rhizome stout, creeping ; scales lanceolate-subu-
late, ferruginous ; st. 4-6 in. 1., naked, glossy, erect ; fr. erect, 12-18 in. 1., 3-4
in. br., cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into close bluntish nearly
horizontal obscurely undulated pinnce J-f in. br. ; texture papyraceo-herba-
ceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veinlets distinct, once forked ; sori in
two long rows.— #£. Sp. 4. p. 202.

Hab. Venezuela, Moritz, 217, Fendler, Steetz.

183. P. ellipsoideum, Fee ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, the scales long,
spreading, lanceolate-acuminate, dark-brown ; st. 3-4 in. 1., slender, erect ; fr.
6-9 in. 1., l|-2 in. br., cut down to the rachis into close spreading pinnce If -2
lin. br., which are slightly dilated at the base and then narrowed gradually to
an acute point ; texture thin ; rachis and both sides finely villose ; veinlets
pellucid, the lower ones subpinnate ; sori oblong, in a close row near the edge.

Hab. Mexico, Schqffher.

184. P. Martensii, Mett. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, clothed with large
bright-ferruginous lanceolate membranous scales ; st. 1-2 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr.
8-12 in. L, 3-4 in. br., cut down to the rachis into numerous entire horizontal
pinnce 2 lin. br., with their own breadth between them ; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous ; rachis and both sides finely villose ; veins subpinnate ; sori medial,
12 or more on each side, — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 207.

334 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

Hab. Mexico. — Judging from the description, P. Ehreriberglanum, Klotzsch, may be a
form of this with broader pinnae.

185. P. pellucidum, Kaulf. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping-, densely scaly ; st.
3-6 in. 1., rigid, erect, naked, glossy ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-5 in. br., cut down nearly
or quite to the rachis into close blunt entire or subacute pinnce J-f in. br. ;
texture coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets pellucid, subpinnate ;
sori large, prominent. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 206. 2nd Cent. t. 44.

Hab. Sandwich Isles. — P. myriocwpum, Hk. Ic. t. 84. is a form with pinnatifid pinnae.
Very like P. vulgare in habit, but the veins beautifully pellucid, distinct even in dried
specimens.

186. P. vulgare, Linn. ; rhizome stout, the scales bright-ferruginous ; st. 2-4
in. L, firm, erect, stramineous ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-6 in. br., cut down nearly or
quite to the rachis into close entire or slightly toothed usually blunt pinnce
g-rr in. br. ; texture heibaceous or subcoriaceous ; both sides naked; veinlets
pinnate ; sori large, uniserial. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 205. Brit. F. t. 22.

Hab. Lapland, throughout Europe to the Azores, Madeira, Barbary States, Turkey in
Asia, and Japan ; Cape Colony. N. America — Sitka, southward to California and the
north of Mexico. — P. australe, Fee, is a large southern form ; P. cambricum, L., a form
with often deeply pinnatifid pinnae ; and P.falcatum, Kellogg (P. glycyrhiza, Eaton), a
Californian variety, with the pinnae finely toothed, and narrowed very gradually to an
acute point.

ft Most of the pinnce distinctly separated at the base. Sp. 187-207.

187. P. clavifer, Hk. ; st. densely tufted, very short ; fr. 4-5 in. 1., £ in. br.,
pinnate throughout ; pinnce distant, linear-subulate, rigid, curved, the fertile
ones dilated at the point, which bears a large solitary sorus and is tipped with a
bristle ; rachis rigid, ciliated with deciduous bristlv'hairs ; texture coriaceous. —
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 176. Grammitis, Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 5."

Hab. Borneo, H. Low.— A. very distinct plant, with the dilated apex of the pinnae
holding the solitary sorus like a spoon, thus falling under Calymmodon of Presl.

188. P. tenuifolium, H. B. K. ; rhizome stout, clothed with reddish-brown
fibrillose scales ; st. 2-3 in. L, slender, naked, erect ; fr. 8-12 in. L, 1^-2 in. br.,
cut down to the rachis into distant linear blunt entire or slightly crenated
pinnce 1 lin. br. ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ;
veinlets simple or rarely forked ; sori slightly immersed, in two rows of 6-10 each
to a pinna.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 192.

Hab. West Indies and Columbia. — Grisebach considers this P. Otites, Sw., but the
plant of Linnaeus is in part P. pectinatum.

189. P. venulosum, Blume ; st. tufted, rigid, wiry, 1-3 in. 1., deciduously
villose ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., l-l£ in. br., cut down to the rachis throughout into close
entire horizontal pinnce 1 lin. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; colour dark-green ;
rachis villose ; both sides naked ; midrib and simple veinlets raised ; sori copious,
immersed. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 223. Cryptosorus, Fee.

Hab. Malay Isles and Japan.— This and the preceding resemble P. pectinatum in habit,
but the pinnae are more distinctly separated.

190. P. heteromorphum, Hk. & Gr. ; st. tufted, slender, wiry, naked ; fr. very
flaccid, pendent, simple or dichotomously forked or pinnate, with close irregular
pinnl. 12-18 in. 1., £-| in. br. ; pinnce close, obovate or oblong, £-§ in. 1., 1^ 2 lin.
br., entire or pinnatifid with short blunt lobes ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ;
rachis and both sides densely clothed with soft spreading hairs ; veinlets of the

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM. 333

pinnl. simple ; sori copious, 1-6 to a pinna. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 229. Hk. & Gr. Ic.
t. 108.

Hab. Mexico along the Andes to Ecuador. — Resembles P. trichomanoides in texture.

191. P. reclinatum, Brack. ; st. subtufted, slender, very short, villose ; fr.
pendent, very flaccid, 1-2 ft. 1., 1-1 J in. br. ; pinnce close, ovate-oblong, blunt,
entire, J-§ in. br. ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and under side clothed
with fine soft hairs ; veinlets simple ; sori 2-5 in a row. — P. semiadnatum,
Hk. Sp. 4./>. 222. (in part}.

Hab. South Brazil, Gardner, 112 ; Brackenridge.

192. P. semiadnatum, Hk. ; st. 4-6 in. 1., slender, flexuose, slightly villose ;
fr. flaccid, pendent, 1-2 ft. 1., f-1 J in. br. ; pinnce very numerous, close, oblong,
£-£ in. 1., 2 lin, br., blunt, distinctly crenated, the lower ones reduced and
distant ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and under side with a few long soft hairs ;
veinlets forked ; sori copious. — Hk. tip. 4. p. 222. (in part). 2nd Cent. t. 48.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson.

193. P. dependens, Baker ; st. tufted, short, thread-like, clothed with soft
spreading hairs \fr. pendent, very flaccid, 2 ft. or more 1., f in. br. ; pinnce alternate,
|~§ in. 1., ^ in. br., ovate-oblong, blunt, entire, the central ones on the same
side J in. apart ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; slender black rachis and both
sides clothed with soft spreading hairs ; veinlets simple ; sori close to the midrib.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Spruce, 563. — Like the next species on a smaller scale.

194. P. alternifolium, Hk. ; st. very short, tufted, slender, flexuose, clothed
with soft spreading hairs ; fr. pendent, very flaccid, 2-10 ft. 1., 2 in. br. ; pinnce
distinct, alternate, lanceolate, entire, 3-4 lin. br. at the base ; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous ; slender rachis and both sides thinly clothed with soft spreading
hairs ; midrib ebeneous, slender, flexuose ; veinlets simple ; sori copious. — Hk.
Sp. 4. p. 222. t. 277. A.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador.

195. P. sericeo-lanatum, Hk. ; st. 1-4 in. 1., slender, densely clothed with soft
spreading grey hairs ; fr. flaccid, pendent, 1-2 ft. ]., 1^-3 in. br. ; pinnce close,
f-1^ in. J., 2-3 lin. br., blunt, entire, spreading; texture thick ; rachis and both
sides densely matted with soft silky hairs ; veins simple ; sori in 2 long rows. —
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 221.

Hab. Andes of Columbia and Ecuador. — This and the five preceding in their flaccid
pendent mode of growth correspond with the cultratum group.

196. P. firmum, Klotzsch ; rhizome creeping, the scales large, linear, dull-
brown ; si. 1-2 in. 1., wiry, naked ; fr. loosely spreading, 8-12 in. 1., 2 in. br. ;
pinnce distant, 1 in. 1., ^ in. br., blunt, upcurved, dilated at the base, the lower
ones reduced ; texture firm ; rachis slender, black, wiry, clothed with short stiff
black hairs ; both sides nearly naked ; midrib black ; veins simple ; sori in two
long rows. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 185. (in part).

Hab. Guiana, Richard Schomburgk, 1170 ; New Granada, Lindig, 300.— Habit of
P. pectinatum, but more rigid, and the pinnse distinctly separated.

197. P. lanigerum, Eaton; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., densely clothed with soft
spreading reddish-brown hairs ; fr. flaccid, pendent, 6-9 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., cut
down to the rachis into erecto-patent blunt entire pinnce 2-3 lin. br., the lower
ones reduced ; texture herbaceous ; both sides thinly coated with soft hairs ;

336 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

veinlets fine, simple ; sori 6-9 in a row, on each side near the midrib. — Hkt Sp. 4.
p. 189.

• Hab. Venezuela, Fendler, 212. — Desvaux's plant thus named appears to be P. cultralum,
from which this differs by its distinctly separated pinnae, the largest more than an inch
long, narrowed gradually from the base to the point.

198. P. sporadolepis, Kze. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, clothed with grey
adpressed scales ; st. 4-6 in. L, wiry, slightly scaly ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br. ;
pinnae horizontal, bluntish, entire or slightly crenate, 2-3 lin. br., narrowed
towards both ends, the lowest not reduced ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis wiry,
nearly naked ; under side with minute scattered scales ; veinlets obscure, forked ;
sori copious. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 212.

Hab. Columbia and Ecuador. — This comes near the next species, but is more slender,
with narrower distant pinnae and an ebeneous rachis.

199. P. plebeium, Schlecht. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, clothed with small
grey scales ; st. 4-8 in. L, strong, erect, castaneous, nearly naked ; fr. 6-12 in. 1.,
3-6 in. br., ovate-deltoid ; cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into spreading
entire or obscurely crenated pinnae |-|f in. br., the lowest not reduced ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis and under side with small scattered scales ; veins obscure ;
sori copious. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 213.

Hab. Mexico to Peru. — Intermediate, as are the following species, in general habit
between pectinatum and vulgare.

200. P. Hartwegianum, Hk. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, the scales linear,
dark-brown ; st. 4 in. 1., erect, naked ; fr. I ft. 1., 3^ in. br., cut down to the
rachis into linear-lanceolate obscurely crenated pinnae, ^--f in. br., dilated at the
base, the lower ones distinct from the others, the lowest pair deflexed ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis slender, villose ; both sides slightly hairy ; veinlets
distinct, twice forked ; sori bright-yellow, oval, in two long rows. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 207.— Ic. t. 380.

Hab. Mexico, Hartweg, 415.

201. P. Uauriculatum, Hk. ; st. 4-6 in. L, stout, erect, villose upwards ; fr.
12-18 in. L, 4-6 in. br. ; pinnae horizontal, 2 in. 1., ^ in. br., the edge entire, both
sides distinctly auricled at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces
densely pubescent ; veins immersed, indistinct ; sori filling up nearly the whole
space between edge and midrib.— Hk. Ic, t. 121.

Hab. Peru, Matthews. — Placed by Moore in QoniopUebium.

202. P. puberulum, Schlecht. ; rhizome wide-creeping, scaly ; st. 6-8 in. 1., firm,
naked, polished ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br. ; lower pinnae 3 in. 1., | in. br., the
edge irregularly crenate, the base distinctly auricled on both sides ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and veins beneath pubescent ; veins in slightly
pinnated groups, the main vein prominent ; sori in rows nearer the edge than
midrib. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 220. (in part}.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala. — Very near the last, but the position of the sori
different.

203. P. subpetiolatum, Hk. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely clothed with
ferruginous lanceolate scales ; st. 4-6 in. L, firm, stramineous ; fr. 1 ft. or more L,
6-8 in. br. ; pinnce 3-4 in. 1., f in. br., the point bluntish, the edge incon-
spicuously crenate, the lower ones rounded at the base, subpetiolate ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides finely villose ; veins subpinnate ;
sori in rows nearer the midrib than the edge.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 220.

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM. 337

Hab. Mexico, Guatemala, and Cuba. — The Mexican P. subserratum, M. & G., is pro-
bably the same, but in our specimens from Mettenius the fronds are much more elongated,
and the pinnae more numerous.

204. P. sororium, H. B. K. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely clothed with
small pale-brown scales ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-9 in.
br. ; lower pinnce the largest, sessile, 4-6 in. 1., ^-f in. br., the apex acuminate, ~
the edge entire or obscurely undulated ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis
and both sides naked ; veins fine, very distinct, pinnated ; sori in distinct rows
nearer the midrib than the edge. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 219.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico southward to Peru. — According to Mettenius, Goniophlebium
datum, F^e, is a form of this with the veins sometimes united.

205. P.fraternum, C. & S. ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales ovate-acuminate,
bright ferruginous ; st. 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br.,
lower pinnce \ in. apart, 4-5 in. 1., narrowed at both ends, the edge obscurely
crenated ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins close, pinnate ; sori
medial, uniserial, slightly immersed. — Mett. Pol. p. 63. P. Henchmanni,
J. Stn.

Hab. Mexico. — Mettenius describes a closely allied P. harpophyllum, Zenk., from the
Neilgherries, with which we are not acquainted. Goniophl. revertens, Fe'e, appears to be
a form with the groups of veins sometimes joined.

206. P. legionarium, Baker ; st. 6 in. or more 1., firm, erect, glossy, naked ;
fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; lower pinnae the largest, sessile, 6-8 in." 1., £-f in.

br., broadly crenate, the base rounded ; texture herbaceous ; both sides finely
villose ; veinlets in pinnated groups of 2-3 on a side ; sori large, in long distinct
rows nearer the midrib than the edge* — P. macrodon, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 218. (non
Reinw.}.

Hab. Guatemala, Salvin,

207. P. teneUum, Forst. ; rhizome wide-climbing, woody, scaly when young ;
st. 2-3 in. 1., firm, nearly naked, jointed near the base ; fr. pendent, 1-2 ft. or
more 1., 2-4 in. br. ; pinnce 2-3 in. 1., | in. br., narrowed to both ends, entire or
obscurely crenated ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ;
veins 2-3 forked ; sori in rows near the edge. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 217. Arthropteris,
J. Sm.

Hab. Australia, New Zealand, and adjacent islands. — A very distinct species.
***** Fronds bipinnatifid or Upinnate. Sp. 208-219.

208. P. hymenophylloides, Kaulf. ; rhizome fibrous, very slender ; st. 1 in. or
less 1., densely tufted, very slender ; fr. 2-4 in. 1., £-§ in. br. ; pinnce close,
usually dimidiate, cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into a few small oblong
lobes ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides finely glandular ;
veinlets 1 to each lobe ; sori terminal. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 228. Adenophorus, Hk. 8f
Gr. Ic. t. 176.

Hab. Sandwich Isles and Sumatra.— A very distinct species, resembling a Eymeno-
phyllum in habit and texture.

209. P. fallax, Schlecht ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, much-branched,
clothed with fine brown tomentum ; st. distant, slender, ^-1 in. 1., nearly naked ;
fr. 1-l^r in. 1., \ in. br., with a few distinct pinnce on each side, the lowest the
largest and deeply pinnatifid with linear lobes ; texture coriaceous ; under surf ace
with minute scattered scales ; sori large, prominent, often 1 only to a pinna. —
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 215.

Hab. Mexico. — Fronds often more than an inch apart on a long thread-like rhizome.

2u

338 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM.

210. P. tenuisectum, Blume ; st. tufted, short, wiry, 1-2 in. 1., clothed with
soft spreading hairs ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br. ; pinnae close, 2 lin. br., cut down
to a narrow rachis into linear very regular erecto-patent lobes ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis erect, straight, villose ; both sides naked ; veinlets simple,
immersed, 1 to each lobe ; sori much broader than the lobes, placed at their base.
— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 227. (in part}.

Hab. Java.

211. P. myriophyllum, Mett. ; st. flexuose, wiry, 4-0 in. 1., densely clothed with
long soft spreading brown hairs ; fr. flaccid, pendent, 1 ft. 1., 3 in. br. ; pinnae
close, flexuose, J in. br., cut down to a narrow rachis into linear-subulate lobes,
the lower ones distant and shorter ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and under side
slightly villose ; veinlets simple, immersed, 1 to each lobe ; sori broader than the
lobes, placed at their base. P. tenuisectum, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 227. (in part}. 2nd
Cent. t.2l.

Hab. Peru, Lechler, 2567. — Very near the last, but different in habit, with the lobes
of the pinnse twice as long and not nearly so close and regular.

212. P. achillecefolium, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, wiry, 1 in. or less 1., clothed with
short soft spreading hairs \fr. 4-5 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., oblong-lanceolate; pinnce
close, erecto-patent, deeply pinnatifid with linear lobes, lower pinnae gradually
reduced ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and under surface slightly villose ; veinlets
immersed, forked, 1 to each lobe ; sori copious. — Hk. /Sp. 4. p. 225.

Hab. Ecuador and Brazil.

213. P. longisetosum, Hk. ; st. 2-3 in. 1., slender, deciduously villose ; fr.
flaccid, pendent, 6-8 in. 1., 2 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, the pinnce close, erecto-
patent, linear, about 1 in. 1., 2 lin. br., deeply pinnatifid, with blunt rounded
lobes, the base decurrent ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; both sides and rachis
thinly clothed with long spreading hairs ; veinlets simple, one to each lobe ; sori
copious.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 225. t. 278. A.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson, 97.

214. P. funiculum, Fe'e ; rhizome wide-creeping, wiry, slender, naked ; st.
tufted, 1-2 in. 1., wiry, naked ; fr. 3-5 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., oblong-lanceolate ;
pinnce ^ in, br., deeply pinnatifid, with blunt oblong lobes, the lowest very
small ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets
simple, 1 to each lobe ; sori small, yellowish. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 226.

Hab. Cuba, Linden, Wright.

215. P. gracile, Hk. ; st. 3-4 in. 1., tufted, slender, wiry, naked ; fr. flaccid,
pendent, 6-9 in. 1., |-1 in. br. ; pinnce distinct, J-£ in. 1., 1 lin. or rather more
br., deeply pinnatifid, with broad blunt lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and
both sides naked ; veins immersed, obscure ; sori 1 to each lobe. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 224. Hk. & Gr. t. 222.

Hab. Andes of Peru, Cruckshanks.

216. P. tamariscinum, Kaulf,; rhizome stout, creeping, scaly; st. 2-3 in. 1.,
naked, wiry, flexuose ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 1^-3 in. br., ovate-lanceolate ; pinnce close,
erecto-patent, j-f in. br., cut down to the rachis into simple or forked linear or
oblong lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; both surfaces naked ; veinlets 1 to each
lobe ; sori copious, placed near the apex of the lobes. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 228.
Adenophorus, Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 175.

Hab. Sandwich Isles, Tahiti, Malay Isles. — A. tripinnatifidus, Gaud., is a form with

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§ EUPOLYPODIUM. 339

forked or subpinnatifid lobes ; P. Hillebrandii, Hk. Sp. 4. p. 228, is probably a luxuriant
form of this species ; the pinnae are 3 in. 1., and the sori sometimes 2 to a lobe, and not
quite terminal.

217. P. athyrieides, Hk. ; st. 2-3 in. 1., firm, wiry, slightly hairy ; fr. 8-12 in.
1., 2 in. br. ; pinnae close, linear-lanceolate, J in. br., cut] halfway down to_ the
rachis into close oblong lobes ; lower pinnse reduced very gradually ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis firm, slightly villose ; both sides nearly naked ; veinlets
simple, 1 to each lobe ; sori oblong, copious. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 224. t. 277. B.

Hab. Peru, Matthews, 1103.

218. P. murorum, Hk. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely clothed with
linear scales ; st. 4-8 in. L, wiry, glossy, naked ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br.,
ovate-lanceolate ; pinnce quite distinct, the lower ones varying from linear and
nearly entire to lanceolate (f in. br.) and deeply pinnatifid ; texture coriaceous ;
veins hidden ; under surface thinly coated with scales ; sori large, in two long
rows.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 216. Ic. t. 70.

Hab. Andes of Columbia and Ecuador.

219. P. microphyllinum, Mett. ; st. 3-4 in. L, slender, flexuose, naked ; fr.
pendent, 3-4 in. L, f-1 in. br. ; pinnce erecto-patent, flexuose, | in. br., cut
down to the rachis into close regular obovate lobes ^ lin. br. ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and under side slightly villose ; veinlets immersed, 1 to each
lobe ; sori 1 to each lobe.

Hab. Peru, Lechler.

****** Fronds tri-quadripinnatifid. Sp. 220-224.

220. P. mittefolium, Blume ; st. 1-3 in. 1., clothed with spreading ferruginous
hairs ; fr. 8 in. 1., 1^ in. br. ; pinnce f in. 1., ovate-lanceolate, cut down to the
rachis into linear-oblong or spathulate toothed or pinnatifid pinnl. \ in. 1. ;
texture firm, subcoriaceous ; under surface slightly hairy ; veinlets simple or forked ;
sori terminal. — Mett. Poly. p. 54.

Hab. Java, Zollinger, 1723, fide Mettenius.

221. P. onustum, Hk. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely clothed with
grey adpressed scales ; st. 4-6 in. 1., wiry, erect, naked or slightly scaly ; fr.
6-12 in. L, 3-5 in. br., ovate ; lower pinnce lanceolate or subdeltoid, cut down to
a winged rachis into pinnatifid rhomboidal lobes ; texture thick, coriaceous ;
under surface with scattered scales ; sori large, prominent, often 1 to each lobe. —
Hk. Sp. 4. p. 216. Jc. t. 749.

Hab. Andes of Columbia and Ecuador.

222. P. Friedrichsthalianum, Kze. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, clothed with
grey adpressed scales ; st. 3-4 in. L, wiry, erect, deciduously scaly ; fr. flaccid,
12-18 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; pinnce very numerous, imbricated, deltoid, the largest
2 in. L, 1 in. br., cut down to the rachis into deeply pinnatifid blunt linear
pinnl. with short blunt lobes ; rachis and under side densely scaly ; sori small,
1 to each lobe.— Hk. Sp. 4. p. 217.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.

223. P. dareceforme, Hk. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, clothed with dense
linear pale-brown scales ; st. 6-9 in. L, naked, glossy \fr. 12-18 in.l., 8-12 in. br.,
subdeltoid ; lower pinnce 4-6 in. 1., l|-2 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinnl. oblong-
lanceolate, the segm. with forked or entire linear distant ult. divisions ; texture

340 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§ GONIOPHLEBIUM.

herbaceous ; rachis glossy, both sides naked ; veins 1 to each division, not
reaching the edge, but bearing the sori beneath the thickened apex. — Hk. Sp. 4.
p. 256. 2nd Cent. t. 24.

Hab. Sikkim, Khasia, Moulmein.

224. P. subdigitatum, Blume ; st. tufted, firm, 1 ft. or more L, stramineous,
naked or furfuraceous ; fr. 2 ft. or more L, 12-18 in. br. ; lower pinnae the
largest, 6-9 in. L, 3-4 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, often 2 in. 1., f in. br., with
close spreading ovate-lanceolate or rhomboidal segm.t with blunt lobes or even
again pinnate, obliquely truncate on the lower side ; texture pellucido-herba-
ceous ; colour dark-green ; veinlets 1 to each ult. lobe, not reaching the edge,
and the copious sori terminal upon them. — P. davallioides, Mete. HJc. Sp. 4.
p. 256. Monachosorurn, Kunze.

Hab. N. India (up to 7-8,000 ft,), Malay Peninsula and Isles.— A beautiful and well-
marked species.

§§§§§§ Goniophlebium, Blume. Veins forming ample regular areolce, each with
a single distinct free included veinlet, the sori terminal on the latter, often in the
costal areolce only, but sometimes also in the second or even third row. TAB. 48.
f. h. i. Sp. 225-263.

* Under surface not at all or slightly scaly. Sp. 225-260.
t Fronds simple. Sp. 225-228.

225. P. (Gonioph.) vacciniifolium, F. & L. ; rhizome slender, very wide-
creeping, densely clothed with grey or ferruginous fibrillose scales ; fr. sub-
sessile, dimorphous, entire, coriaceous, quite naked, the barren ones roundish or
elliptical, obtuse, 1-2 in. L, J-^ in. br., the fertile ones linear or ligulate, with
large uniserial sori. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 35. Craspedaria, Link. Lopholepis, J. 8m.

Hab. Jamaica to Paraguay.

226. P. (Gonioph.) piloselloides, L. ; rhizome very wide-creeping, slender,
scandent, clothed with squarrose fibrillose scales ; fr. dimorphous, the barren
ones oblong, entire, 1-3 in. L, £-f in. br., the fertile ones narrower and longer,
both on short ciliated stems ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked or more or
less scaly and hairy ; sori large, uniserial, confined to the large costal areolae. —
Hk. G. F. 1. 18. — /3, P. ciliatum, Willd. ; fertile fr. so narrow that the sori project
beyond the edge. — y, P. aurisetum, Raddi ; fr. small, sometimes nearly round,
scaly, and especially the fertile ones on the back densely f ulvo-villose. Hk. Sp.
5. p. 33. Craspedaria, Fee. Lopholepis, J. Sin.

Hab. Common throughout Tropical America, including the West Indies. — Lopholepis,
J. Sm., has the venation of Qoniophlebium, with dimorphous fronds and a wide-trailing
rhizome.

227. P. (Gonioph.) nummularium, Mett. ; rhizome wide-creeping, slender, the
scales linear-subulate, ferruginous ; fr. distant, the barren ones suborbicular,
•|-| in. L, nearly as broad, on short slender stems ; texture coriaceous ; both
sides naked ; veins immersed, very obscure ; sterile fr. 3-4 in. L, ^ in. br., on
stalks nearly as long.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 39. Crypsinus, Presl.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 121.

228. P. (Gonioph.) glaucophyttum, Kze. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping, decidu-
ously scaly ; st. scattered, 2-6 in. L, firm, erect, glossy; fr. uniform, oblong-
lanceolate, entire, 4-10 in. L, 1-2 in. br., the point acuminate, the base rounded ;
texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins l\-2 lines apart, with 4-6

48. POLTPODIUM, §§§§§§ GONIOPHLEBIUM. 341

areolse in a series between the midrib and edge, with one sorus in each. — Hk. Sp.
4. p. 18.

Hab. West Indies and Columbia to Ecuador ; Guinea Coast. — P. semipinnatifidum,
Mett., is a variety with larger sori, and the frond not at all glaucous, and sometimes
deeply lobed.

** Fronds pinnatifld. Sp. 229-231.

229. P. (Gonioph.) Matthewsii, Mett. ; St. 4-6 in. 1., clothed with deciduous
soft spreading brown hairs ; fr. pendent, 6-18 in. 1., 2-5 in. br., cut down nearly
to the rachis into numerous entire pinnae 1-3 in. L, 2-3 lin. br., with generally a
broad rounded sinus between them ; texture coriaceous ; under surface clothed
with hairs like those of the stem ; veins obscure ; areolce and sori in a single
series.— /Z£. Sp.S.p. 20.

Hab. Andes, from Columbia to Peru. — A well-marked species, characterized by its very
pendulous habit and coriaceous texture.

230. P. (Gonioph.) niponicum, Mett. ; st. stramineous ; fr. 5 in. 1., 1 J in. br.,
sublanceolate, cut down nearly to the rachis into about 20 pairs of spreading
linear-oblong entire obtuse pinnce, of which the lowest are free, slightly reduced
and deflexed ; texture papyraceous ; both sides densely pubescent ; areolce in a
single series; sori unknown. — Mett. Fil. Ind. 2. p. 222.

Hab. Japan, Siebold, Bu&rg&r.

231. P. (Gonioph.) amomum, Wall. ; rhizome stout, densely clothed with
spreading fibrillose dull-brown scales ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr. 1-2
ft. 1., 6-12 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into numerous entire or slightly-
toothed pinnce 3-6 in. 1., J-f in. br., narrowed gradually from the base to an
acute point, the lowest pair deflexed ; texture firm, herbaceous ; both sides
naked, or the rachis beneath rather scaly ; areolce and sori in a single series. —
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 24.

Hab. N. India (up to 10,000 ft.) and Formosa.

*** Fronds pinnate. Sp. 232-260.
A. Pinnce close, dilated and casually confluent at the base. Sp. 232-244.

232. P. (Gonioph.) trilobum, Cav. ; rhizome stout, the scales ovate-acuminate,
reddish ; st.4-6 in. L, firm, erect, glossy ; /r.6-12 in. L, subdeltoid, with a linear
entire or slightly toothed terminal pinna, and 1-3 similar distant ones on each
side, the lowest 3-4 in. 1., §-| in. br., sometimes forked ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked ; sori and areolce uniserial, the former oblong, quite
immersed.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 22.

Hab. Chili.

233. P. (Gonioph.) ensiforrne, Thunb. ; rhizome stout, the scales linear, ferru-
ginous, fimbriated ; st. 4-6 in. 1., stout, erect, naked ; fr. 6-12 in. L, 4-6 in. br.,
with a ligulate terminal pinna 3-4 in. L, J in. br., and several distant similar
erecto-patent ones on each side, which are decurrent at the base ; texture very
thick ; both sides naked ; veins immersed ; areolce uniserial, the sori large,
distinctly immersed. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 23.

Hab. Cape Colony and Natal.

234. P. (Gonioph.) calif ornicum, Kaulf. ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales
spreading, lanceolate, ferruginous ; st. 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ;fr. 6-9 in. 1.,
3-5 in. br., oblong-deltoid, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into entire or
finely-toothed pinnce l|-2^ in. 1., §~| in.br., lowest not reduced ; texture papyraceo-

342 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§ GONIOPHLEBIUM.

herbaceous ; groups of veins usually joining once ; sori large, in single rows
near the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 18. (not Mett.}.

Hab. California. — P. intermedium, H. & A., is a form with the groups of veins uniting
but rarely. This and the next are very like P. vulgare in general habit.

285. P. (Gonioph.) Scouleri, Hk. & Gr. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, the
scales lanceolate, spreading, dull-brown ; st. 3-4 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr.
6-12 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., cut down to the rachis into close blunt subentire pinnce
|-f in. br. ; texture very coriaceous ; both sides naked ; groups of veins uniting
once ; sori very large, in a single row close to the midrib. — HJc. Sp. 5. p. 19.
H. & Gr. t. 56. P. pachyphyllum, Eaton.

Hab. Vancouver's Island, Oregon, British Columbia. — The specimens figured are very
small compared with those of Professor Eaton.

236. P. (Gonioph.) patens, J. Sin. ; rhizome stout, the scales fibrillose, bright-
ferruginous, crisped ; st. 2-4 in. 1., firm, stramineous, naked ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., sub-
deltoid, with a linear entire terminal pinna and 3-4 similar ones on each side,
which are 3-5 in. 1., §-^ in. br., narrowed gradually from the base to the apex ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; areolce and sori in a single series, —
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 23.

Hab. Panama, Seemann, 25.

237. P. (Gonioph.) translucens, Kunze ; rhizome stout, the scales large, lan-
ceolate, ferruginous ; st. 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy ; fr. 8-12 in. 1., 6-8 in. br.,
subdeltoid, with an irregularly crenated terminal pinna 3-4 in. 1., £-| in. br.,
and several close similar ones on each side which are sometimes connected at the
base ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veins distinct,
the areolse in one principal row, with the sori some distance from the midrib. —
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 22.

Hab. Juan Fernandez.

238. P. (Gonioph.) lachnopus, Wall. ; rhizome wide-creeping, densely clothed
with spreading black bristly scales ; st. 2-4 in. 1., slender, naked ; fr. flaccid,
12-18 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into spreading
slightly-toothed pinnae l|-2 in. 1., \ in. br. ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; both
sides naked or the rachis beneath slightly scaly ; areolce and sori in a single
series.— Hk. Sp. 6. p. 25. 2nd Cent. t. 52.

Hab. N. India, up to 11,000 ft.

239. P. (Gonioph.) pubescens, Hk. & Gr. ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales
lanceolate, spreading ; st. 4-8 in. 1., naked, stramineous ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in.
br., cut down to the rachis into numerous spreading nearly entire pinnce l|-2 in.
1., §-| in. br., the lowest pair deflexed, rather reduced ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and under side slightly glandular and hairy ; veins fine ; areolce and sori
generally in a single series.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 19. Hk. & Gr. t. 182.

Hab. Andes of Peru.

240. P. (Gonioph.) plesiosorum, Kunze ; rhizome stout, the scales ovate or
lanceolate, dense, reddish ; st. 2-4 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 4-6
in. br., cut down to the rachis into close entire pinnce |—| in. br., narrowed
gradually upwards, dilated slightly on both sides at the base ; texture herba-
ceous ; areolce usually in two rows, the prominent sori in a single row close to
the midrib.— P. loriceum, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 21. (in part}. P. rhodopleuron, gona-
todes and colpodes, Kze.

. Hab. Mexico to Venezuela. — Differs from P. loriceum by its shorter and broader frond,

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§ GONIOPHLEBIUM. 343

more herbaceous texture, and larger almost constantly uniserial sori. The Mexican
P. appendiculatum, Klotzsch (Hk. Fil. Ex. t. 87), non Wallicb, is apparently a form of this
more delicate in texture, with the veins and rachis tinged with bright-red.

241. P. (Gonioph.) lasiopus, Klotzsch ; rhizome stout, the scales^ dense,
squarrose, ovate-acuminate, dark- brown ; st. 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, stramineous ;_
fr. 8-12 in. 1., 4-5 in. br., cut down to the rachis into close bluntish entire pinnce
*f-in. br., slightly dilated at the base ; texture herbaceous ; both sides finely
villose ; sori prominent, uniserial. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 21.

Hab. Venezuela. — Very near the preceding.

242. P. (Gonioph.) Catharines, F. & L. ; rhizome wide- creeping, the scales
spreading, dark-brown, ovate-acuminate ; st. 4-6 in. 1., erect, naked, glossy ; fr.
0-12 in. L, 3-5 in. br., cut down to the rachis into close blunt spreading subentire
pinnce l|-3 in. L, \-\ in. br., the lowest pair shorter and deflexed ; texture sub-
coriaceous, colour dark-green ; both sides naked ; main veins J in. apart, with
generally two areolse between the edge and midrib ; sori large, in single rows
close to the midrib.—^. Sp. 5. p. 20. (not J. Sm.}.

Hab. Brazil. — P. Wageneri, Mett., from Columbia, is said to differ from this by its
linear frond and very numerous pinnae,

243. P. (Gonioph.) loriceum, L. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, the scales
black in the centre, with a scariose border ; st. 4-6 in. 1., sometimes ebeneous ;
fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnce close, 2-3 in. L, §--| in. br., subentire, some-
times falcate, dilated at the base on the upper side ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides usually naked ; veins very distinct, the areolse generally in
two distinct rows, with the small sori often in both. — We. Sp. 5. p. 21. — |3,
P. latipes, L. & F. t. 10 ; larger, as coriaceous but less rigid ; pinnae much
dilated on both sides at the base ; veins less distinct ; scales ovate, dense, dull-
brown. — P. Catherines, J. Sm. (not L. & F.} P. harpeodes and vacillans, Link
(fide Moore].

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Brazil and Chili. — From this we cannot distinguish
clearly P. dasypleuron and Falcaria (Kze.) and Icetum (Raddi). P. pectinatum (J. Sm.)
is smaller and more delicate, with close narrow acute pinnae, densely fibrillose bright
ferruginous scales and constantly uniserial sori. P. punctulatum, Hk. Ic. t. 720 (P. Cala-
cjuala, Fee), resembles this in its slender pectinate habit and uniserial sori, but is more
rigid in texture.

244. P. (Gonioph.) eleutherophlebium, Mett. ; rhizome creeping, the scales
dense, ovate- lanceolate, brown; st. 4 in. 1.; fr. 7 in. 1., 4 in. br.. ovate-deltoid,
cut down nearly to the rachis above, quite below, into linear-oblong obtuse
crenate or irregularly pinnatifid pinnce 2 in. 1., ^ in. br., with blunt rounded
lobes ; texture coriaceous ; sori large, uniserial. — Mett. Polyp, p. 75,

Hab. Venezuela, Funck and Schlim, 1102. — We have not seen this, and are indebted
to Mettenius for the description.

B. Most of the pinnce distinctly separated at the base. Sp. 245-260.

245. P. (Gonioph.) chacapoyense. Ilk. ; st. 6-8 in. 1., firm, naked, reddish ; fr.
1 ft. 1., 2-3 in. br., with a linear entire terminal pinna 2-3 in. 1., J in. br., and
several smaller blunt close erecto-patent similar ones on each side ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and under side slightly villose ; areolce and veins in a single
row.— //£. Sp. 5. p. 29. t. 281.

Hab. Peru, Matthews, 3279.

240. P. (Gonioph.) surrucuchense, Hk. ; rhizome stout, densely clothed with
spreading grey lanceolate scales ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, naked, glossy ; fr. 1-2 ft.

344 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§ GONIOPHLEBIUM.

1., 8-12 in. br. ; pinnce numerous, erecto-patent, 4-6 in. 1., £-£ in. br., the edge
entire, the base subcuneate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ;
areolce and prominent sori in a single series. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 30. Ic. t. 69.

Hab. West Indies to Ecuador.

247. P. (Gonioph.) plectolepis, Hk. ; rhizome stout, the scales squarrose, lan-
ceolate, ferruginous ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, stramineous, glossy ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1.,
] ft. br. ; pinnce numerous, spreading, 4-6 in. 1., ^-f in. br., narrowed gradually
from the base to the point, the edge distinctly crenate ; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous ; rachis and both sides finely pubescent ; areolce and sori in a single
series. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 30.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.

248. P. (Gonioph.) chnoodes, Spreng. ; rhizome stout, densely clothed with
soft spreading dull-brown subulate scales ; st. 4-6 in. 1., erect, slender, naked ;
fr. drooping, 1-2 ft. 1., 4-9 in. br., cut down to the rachis into distinct entire
falcate opposite pinnce 2-4 in. 1., ^-f in. br., cordate at the base ; texture papy-
raceo-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides glandular and pubescent ; areolce and
sori in 2-3 series. — P. dissimile, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 25.

Hab. West Indies and Venezuela. — The synonym of P. dissimile, Linn., is doubtful ;
Schkuhr and Grisebach refer it to our P. sororiurft.

249. P. (Gonioph.) persiccefolium, Desv. ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales
small, linear, dull-brown ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, naked, subebeneous ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1.,
8-12 in. br., decurved ; pinnce distant, 4-6 in. 1., f-1 in. br., the apex acuminate,
the edge slightly toothed, the base narrowed gradually and the lower ones
distinctly stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; areolce in
about 3 rows, the sori uniserial, distinctly immersed. P. cuspidatum, Blums.
Hk.Sp.5.p.32.

_ Hab. Java. — Very near to P. subauriculatum, from which it may be best known by the
pinnae being narrowed at the base, and the lower ones distinctly stalked. P. grandidens,
Kze., appears to be a more deeply toothed form.

250. P. (Gonioph.) puberulum, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales dense,
subulate, reddish-brown ; fr. 18 in. 1., 7-8 in. br. ; pinnce 3-4 in. 1., |.in. br., the
edge deeply crenated, sometimes auricled at the base on the upper side, all
sessile, the upper ones more or less adnate ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both
sides rather densely clothed with soft whitish hairs ; areolce in 2-3 rows, the sori
uniserial.— Gonioph. molle, Eeddome, Fit. Brit. Ind. t. 206.

Hab. Burmah, Rev. C. S. Parish.

251. P. (Gonioph.) subauriculatum, Blume; rhizome wide-creeping, clothed
with small dull-brown linear scales ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, naked, glossy ;
fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, decurved ; pinnce 4-6 in. 1., \-l in.

br., the edge entire or slightly toothed, sessile, the base rounded or even auricled ;
texture herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; areolce in 2-3
rows, the sori uniserial, distinctly immersed.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 32. P. argutum,
Wall, Hk. I.e.

Hab. N. India (up to 8,000 ft.), Malaccas, Philippines, Fiji, Samoa, N. Caledonia,
Queensland.— <7. serralifolium, Brack., is a deeply-toothed herbaceous form, and P. Rein-
wardtii, Kunze, is crenate instead of dentate.

252. P. (Gonioph.) verrucosum, Wall. ; st. H-2 ft. 1., firm, erect, terete, naked ;
fr. 3-4 ft, ]., 1 ft. br. ; pinnce numerous, distant, 6-8 in. 1., £-f in. br., quite entire ;
texture coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked or slightly hairy ; areolce in

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§ GONIOPHLEBIUM. 345

several rows ; sori confined to the inner one, firm, immersed, so as to form very
distinct papillae on the upper side. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 31. — G. F. t. 41.

Hab. Philppines and Malaccas. — This and the two preceding form the genus Schellolepis
of J. Smith.

253. P. (Gonioph.) Korthalsii, Mett. ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales snrall,-
reddish-brown, subulate, ciliated ; st. 5-6 in. 1., smooth, reddish-brown ; fr.
12-15 in. 1., 1 ft. br. ; pinnce lax, spreading, sessile, 5-7 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br.,
lanceolate-acuminate, the base cuneate, the edge slightly crenate ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both sides quite naked ; areolce in 3-4 and the sori in 1-3
rows.— Mett. Fil. Ind. 2. p. 223.

Hab. Sumatra, Korthals. — Differs from the three preceding by its multiserial sori.
P. Lampongense, Zoll., may be the same, but the pinnae are said to be cordate or even
eubauriculate at the base.

254. P. (Gonioph.) attenuatum, H. B. K. ; rhizome stout, the scales grey,
ovate-acuminate, spreading ; st. firm, erect, 6-12 in. 1., glossy, naked ; fr. 1-2
ft. 1., often 1 ft. br., cut down to the rachis into numerous erecto-patent entire
pinnae 4-6 in. 1., §-f in. br., which are dilated at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked ; areolce in 3 or 4 rows ; sori slightly immersed in
1 or 2 rows. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 24. (non R. Br.}. P. xiphophoron and gladiatum,
Kze.

Hab. West Indies to Brazil and Ecuador. — Very near the next, with which Grisebach
unites it. The pinnse are closer, narrower, and dilated, sometimes confluent at the base,
and the sori mostly uniserial.

255. P. (Gonioph.) neriifolium, Schk. ; rhizome stout, the scales grey, lan-
ceolate, spreading ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, glossy ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br.,
with* an entire or slightly sinuated terminal pinna 4-8 in. 1., £-l£ in. br.,
and numerous similar ones on each side, which are narrowed at the base, the
lowest sometimes stalked ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veins
beneath prominent ; areolce in 2-6 rows between the midrib and edge, the
immersed sori 1-3 serial. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 28.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico to Brazil and Peru. — 0. intermedium and acuminatum,
Fee, Fil. Ant. t. 18-19, appear to belong here. Apparently this is P. brasiliense, Lam.,
and if so, that name has priority.

256. P. (Gonioph.) guatemalense, Hk. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., naked, stramineous ;
fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., with an entire terminal pinna 6-8 in. 1., 1-1 J in.

br., and several similar ones on each side, the upper ones narrowed but adnate
at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; areolce in
series of 3-4, the large uniserial sori in the first or second row. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 29.
Phlebodium inaequale, Moore.

Hab. Guatemala, Skinner. — In this there is occasionally a costal areole inside the one
that contains the sorus, but the free veinlet which bears the latter is always simple.

257. P. (Gonioph.) cordatum, Kze. ; rhizome stout, clothed with spreading
linear scales ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., strong, quite naked; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 8-10 in.
br. ; pinnce in numerous opposite pairs, 4-5 in. 1., f-1 in. br., the edge entire, the
point acute, the base very cordate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both sides
naked ; areolce irregular except the inner series ; sori in 1-2 rows, immersed.—
Mett. Polyp, p. 85.

Hab. Peru.

258. P. (Gonioph.) adnatum, Kunze ; st. 6-12 in. 1., glossy, naked ; fr. l|-3
ft. 1., 1 ft. br., with an entire oblong-lanceolate terminal pinna 6-9 in. 1., 1^-2 in.

2 x

346 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§ GONIOPHLEBIUM.

br., and several similar lateral ones on each side, the upper ones broadly adnate
to the rachis at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ;
main veins ^ in. apart ; areolce and sori in rows of 4-6 between the midrib and
edge. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 27.

Hab. Guatemala to Guiana and Galapagos. — Differs from the next by its more herba-
ceous texture and adnate upper pinnae. P. Richardi, Klotzsch, is a pubescent form.

259. P. (Gomoph.} fraxinifolium, Jacq. ; rhizome stout, clothed with deciduous,
spreading, dark-brown, linear-subulate scales ; St. 1-2 ft. 1., firm, erect, naked ;

fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., with numerous distinct pinnae on each side, which are
4-9 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge entire, the base narrowed ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins ^ in. apart ; areolce and sori
in series of 6-8.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 26.

Hab. Columbia to Brazil and Peru. — P. rhizocaulon, Willd., is a wide-scandent variety,
thinner in texture than the ordinary form, and thus intermediate between it and the
preceding. This includes several species of cultivators.

260. P. (Gonioph.) menisciifolium, L. & F. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., firm, erect, naked ;
fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., with an entire terminal pinna 6-9 in. L, 1^-2 in.

br., and numerous similar ones on each side, all narrowed to the base ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; main veins £ in. apart ; areolce and
sori in rows of about 4, the latter immersed and prominent on the upper side. —
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 27.

Hab. Panama, Trinidad, Brazil.

** Under surface densely clothed with small scales. Lepicystis, J. Sm.

Sp. 261—263.

261. P. (Gonioph.) incanum, Sw. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
small, dense, dull-brown, fibrillose ; st. 1-4 in. 1., firm, erect, furfuraceous \fr. 2-4
in. 1., 1-1 \ in. br., cut down to the rachis into subdistant spreading entire blunt
piniice 1-1^ lin. br., dilated at the base ; texture coriaceous ; under side densely
scaly ; veins united or frequently free ; sori uniserial. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 209. P.
Eckloni, Kze. Hk. I. c.

Hab. Ohio to Uraguay and Chili ; Cape Colony, Natal, Zambesi-land.

262. P. (Gonioph.) lepidopteris, Kze. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely
clothed with grey or reddish scales ; st. 1-4 in. L, rigid, erect, densely scaly ;

fr. 6-18 in. L, 1^-3 in. br., cut down to the rachis into horizontal entire pinnce
2-3 lin. br., the lower reduced very gradually ; texture very thick ; both sides
clothed, the lower very thickly, with ferruginous or white hairs and scales ; veins
hidden; sori copious.— #&. Sp. 4. p. 212.— j3, P. sepultum, Kaulf. ; fr. ovate-
lanceolate; lower pinnce scarcely reduced. — y, P. rufulum, Presl; scales of
rhizome bright reddish-brown ; pinnce § in. br., blunt, much twisted.

Hab. Mexico to Galapagos, Peru, and Rio Janeiro.

263. P. (Gonioph.) squamatum, L. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, clothed with
adpressed lanceolate scales ; st. 6-12 in. 1., rigid, erect, scaly ; fr. 6-12 in. L,
2-4 in. br., cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into entire bluntish pinnce
1-2 in. 1., l|-3 lin. br., with a considerable space between them, dilated and
often united at the base ; rachis and under surface densely coated with minute
membranous ovate-acuminate squarrose scales ; veinlets obscure ; sori large,
copious. — Hk. Sp. 4. p. 209.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico to Peru.— P. tridens, Kze., from the Galapagos, appears
to be a luxuriant state of this with forked pinnae.

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§ PHLEBODIUM, §§§§§§§§ CAMPYLONEURON. 347

§§§§§§§ Phlebodium, R. Br. Veins forming ample regular areolce, each with
two or more distinct free included veinlets, which bear the sori on their united
points, the costal series of areolce being always destitute of sori. TAB. 48. fig. g.
Sp. 264-266.

264. P. (Phleb.) nigripes, Hk. ; rhizome stout, the scales black and rigid, with
a deciduous membranous ferruginous edge ; st. nearly 1 ft. 1., firm, erect,
slightly scaly ; fr. 1 ft. 1., 6-7 in br., cut down nearly or below quite to the
rachis into pinnce \-^ in. br., which are slightly crenate towards the bluntish
point ; texture subcoriaceous ; under surface furfuraceous ; sori in single rows on
each side the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 17.

Hab. Venezuela, Fendl&r, 247.

265. P. (Phleb.) aureum, L. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, densely clothed
with bright ferruginous linear-subulate soft scales ; st. 1-2 ft. L, stout, erect,
naked, glossy ; fr. 3-5 ft. L, 9-18 in. br., with a long linear-lanceolate terminal
lobe, and cut throughout within £-f in. of the rachis into numerous horizontal
entire or slightly undulated lateral pinnce 4-9 in. 1., about I in. br., with a
rounded sinus between ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked, slightly
glaucous ; areolce copious, both the fertile and barren ones with free veinlets ;
sori irregularly 1-3 serial. — /3, P. areolatum, H. B. K. ; fr. smaller, more
coriaceous, very glaucous, the lobes closer, the sori uniserial and barren areolse
with no free veinlets. — P. sporadocarpum, Willd. — y, P. pulvinatum, Link ; like
(3 in sori and venation, but the frond hardly at all glaucous and the terminal
lobe very small. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 16.

Hab. Florida and Mexico southward to Brazil, and reported by Dr. Mueller from
Australia. — C. trilobata, Fee, is a dwarf form with only three lobes. A plant from Spruce
(Andes of Ecuador, 5240), agreeing with the small forms of this with uniserial sori in
habit and texture, has the sori usually terminal on a free veinlet in the costal areolse, as
in typical Goniophlebium. , but occasionally a short veinlet is carried from the centre of the
one that bears the sorus to the next above it, which springs from the midrib, as in
P. yuatemalense, and as represented in the figure by Metteriius of P. pleurosorum, Kze. ;
so that we have then a venation midway between that of Goniopklebium and Phlebodium
proper.

266. P. (Phleb.) decumanum, Willd. ; rhizome stout, the scales bright-ferru-
ginous, soft ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., stout, erect, glossy ; fr. 1-3 ft. L, 1-2 ft, br., cut down
nearly, or below quite, to the rachis into nearly entire ligulate-oblong pinnae often
1 ft. 1., 2-3 in. br. ; texture papyraceous or subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides
naked ; main veins parallel, 2-3 lines apart, with two sets of areolse about G deep
between them, each containing a sorus terminating 2 or 3 free veinlets, — Hk.
Sp. 5. p. 17. C. dictyocallis, Fee.

Hab. New Granada and Guiana to Brazil and Peru.

§§§§§§§§ Campyloneuron, Presl. Primary veins distinct from the midrib to
the edge, connected by parallel straight or curved transverse veinlets, the areolce
similar, containing 2 or more sori, the free veinlets all directed towards the edge.
TAB. 48.f.j. Sp. 267-296.

* Surfaces naked. Sp. 267-275.
f Fronds simple. Sp. 267-273.

267. P. (Camp.) angustifolium, Sw. ; rhizome stout, epigseous, clothed with
deciduous brown lanceolate scales ; fr. 12-18 in. L, jin.br., quite entire, the
point acute, the lower part narrowed very gradually into a generally short stem ;
texture coriaceous ; both sides naked, the edges often revolute ; veins immersed,
often obscure ; areolce and sori in 1-4 rows between the midrib and edge, the

348 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§ CAMPYLONEURON.

latter in 2 rows between the main veins.— /3, P. ensifolium, Willd. ; fr. very
narrow, sessile, the areolse and sori in 1 row between the edge and midrib. —
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 40.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Peru and Brazil. — Very variable. The broadest form
(P. amphostemon, Kze.) is about 1 in. br. with 4 rows of sori, whilst the narrowest
(P. solutum, Klotzsch) has sometimes only uniserial areolee with a single sorus in each, on
a free veinlet, as in Goniophlebium.

268. P. (Camp.) lucidum,'Beyr. ; rhizome short-creeping ; st. short, firm, erect ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., £-f in. br., narrowed to both ends, the edge entire ; texture rigid ;

both sides very glossy ; veins immersed, hidden ; areolce in 2-3 irregular rows ;
the sori not copious and confined to the upper part of the frond. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 41. P. nitidum, Fil. Ex. t. 12. (non Kaulf.).

Hab. Venezuela and Brazil. — Very near the last, with which Mettenius unites it.

269. P. (Camp.) sphenodes, Kze. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, the linear
scales spreading, soon falling ; st. 4-6 in. 1., stramineous, glossy, wiry ; fr. 4-8
in. 1., 1^-3 in. br., the apex very cuspidate, the lower part narrowed gradually,
the edge thickened and wavy ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; areolce in
rows of 6-8 between the midrib and edge, with 2 small distinct sori in each. —
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 42. t. 282.

Hab. Columbia and Ecuador. — This and the next are known from the other species
by their more distinct stems.

270. P. (Camp.) coarctatum, Kunze ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 5 in. 1. ;
fr. I ft. 1., 2-3 in. br., oblong, the point acuminate or cuspidate, the base
narrowed gradually ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; areolce in rows of
12-15 between the midrib and edge, with two sori in each. — Mett. Polyp, p. 84.

Hab. Peru, Poppig. — We have not seen this, and are indebted to Mettenius for the
description .

271. P. (Camp.) lapathifolium, Lam. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the
scales spreading, lanceolate, dark-brown ; st. 1-6 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 6-18 in. 1.,
f-l|- in. br., the apex acuminate, the lower part narrowed very gradually, the
edge subentire ; texture coriaceous ; main veins not distinct to the edge, with 3-5
areolae between the midrib and edge, with one or two sori in each. — P. fasciale,
Willd. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 41.

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala to Brazil and Ecuador. — The venation ranges
between that of Campyloneuron and Goniophlebium, being sometimes more like one,
sometimes the other. C. minus and cubense, F6e, seem to belong here.

272. P. (Camp.) repens, L. ; rhizome slender but firm, wide-creeping, tortuous,
the scales linear, deciduous ; st. scattered, 1-5 in. 1., firm ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., 1-3 in.
br., entire or slightly sinuated, the point acute, the base narrowed very gradually ;
texture papyraceous or subcoriaceous ; both sides naked, opaque ; main veins
often wavy, distinct nearly or quite to the edge ; areolce in rows of 5-10 between
the midrib and edge, with 2 sori in each. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 39.

Hab. Mexico and W. Indies to Peru and Brazil. — Distinguished from the preceding
by its regular areolation and sori, from the next, with which Grisebach unites it, by its
thinner substance, less prominent veins and usually longer stem. P. nitidum, Kaulf.,
differs from this by its more rigid texture and glossy surfaces, and P. Lindigii, Mett.,
has paraphyses intermixed amongst the capsules and persistent lanceolate scales.

273. P. (Camp.) PhylZitidis, L. ; rhizome stout, hypogaeous, clothed with
deciduous cordate brownish scales ; st. scattered or subtufted, short, or some-
times none ; fr. 1-3 ft. L, 1-4 in. br., the point acute, the lower part narrowed

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§ CAMPYLONEURON. 349

very gradually ; the edge entire or slightly sinuated ; texture rigid, very
coriaceous ; both sides naked, often with cretaceous dots above ; main veins
straight, very prominent, distinct to the edge ; areolce in rows of 6-12 between
the midrib and edge, with usually 2 sori in each. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 38.

Hab. Florida to S. Brazil, common. — 0. latum, Moore, is a large broad-leaved variety^
with often 3 sori in the areolse. P. nitidissimum, Mett., in the specimens we have
seen has a very glossy frond, st. 5-6 in. 1., and lanceolate-acuminate scales.

ft Fronds pinnate. Sp. 274-5.

274. P. (Camp.) decurrens, Raddi ; rhizome wiry, rather slender, the scales
deciduous; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, naked; fr. usually with several erecto-patent
pinna? on each side, which are 8-12 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., the point acuminate, the
base narrowed, the edge nearly entire ; texture subcoriaceous ; colour dark-
green ; both sides glossy ; areolce about 6 between the midrib and edge, with 2-3
sori in each. — Hk. tip. 5. p. 42.

Hab. Brazil and Peru.

275. P. (Camp.) Fendleri, Eaton ; rhizome stout, densely clothed with large
lanceolate greyish-brown scales; st. If -2 ft. 1., strong, naked, glossy ; fr. with
several erecto-patent pinna? on each side, which are 12-18 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., the
point cuspidate, the base narrowed, the edge entire ; texture coriaceous ; colour
pale-green ; both sides glossy ; veins raised, very distinct ; the areolce in rows of
8-12 between midrib and edge, with 3-4 sori in each. — C. magnificum, Moore.

Hab. Venezuela, Fendler, 231, 410. New Granada, Lindig, 307, Triana. •

** Under surface matted with woolly or cottony tomentum. Niphobolus, Auct.
TAB. 48. fig. k. 1. Sp. 276-296.

f Tomentum thin, adpressed. Sp. 276-284.

276. P. (Niph.) confluens, R. Br. ; rhizome filiform, wide-creeping, clothed
with squarrose fibrillose ferruginous scales ; st. J-J in. 1. ; fr. dimorphous, the
sterile ones orbicular or oblong, the fertile ones longer and narrower, about
1 in. 1., ^ in. br., the edge quite entire ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface naked,
lower with dense glossy subferruginous tomentum ; veins quite hidden ; sori im-
mersed but prominent, sometimes covering the whole surface. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 46.

Hab. Temperate E. Australia. — Probably a variety of P. serpens.

277. P. (Niph.) serpens, Forst. (non Sw.) ; rhizome wide-creeping, firm,
clothed with linear-acuminate ferruginous scales ; st. f-3 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr.
dimorphous, the barren ones round or elliptical, the fertile ones longer and
narrower, 4-6 in. 1., ^-f in. br. ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface scattered,
lower densely coated with close whitish or subferruginous tomentum ; veins
quite hidden ; sori large, prominent, scattered, ultimately covering the whole of
the upper part of the froud. — P. rupestre, R. Br. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 46. (in part}.
Hk. Sf Gr. t. 44, 93.

Hab. Australia and New Zealand, eastward to the Society Islands. — Differs from
P. glabrum, Mett., by its broader barren fronds and copious irregularly scattered sori.

278. P. (Niph.) adnascens, Sw. ; rhizome firm, but slender, the scales linear,
deciduous ; st. J-l in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. dimorphous, the barren ones elliptical
or spathulate, blunt, the fertile ones longer and narrower, 6-12 in. 1., ^-^ in. br. ;
texture coriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower thinly coated with whitish
tomentum in the barren but more densely in the fertile part beneath ; veins
hidden ; sori small, bright- coloured, immersed, occupying the whole of the

350 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§ CAMPYLONEUKON.

contracted upper part of the frond. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 47. G. F. t. 19. P. spissum,
Bory, Hk. p. 48.

Hab. N. India and Chusan to Ceylon and Fiji ; Mascaren Isles, Cameroon
Mountains. — N. varium, Blume, is a large variety with the barren and fertile fronds
similar, ^-^ in. br., and often nearly naked beneath, and P. Kcenigi, Bl., a small form
with uniform narrow linear fronds.

279. P. (Nipli.) acrostichoides, Forst. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, clothed
with roundish adpressed scales, black in the centre ; st. 1-3 in. 1., firm, erect ;
fr. 1-2 ft. 1., £-1 in. br., ligulate, narrowed very gradually below ; texture very
coriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower clothed with thin dirty white tomen-
tum ; sori bright-coloured, not immersed, small, close, covering the whole of the
upper part of the frond. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 44. (in part).

Hab. Ceylon, Malaccas, Philippines, New Hebrides, Queensland. — Distinguished
from the last by its larger size, more rigid texture, and sori not buried in tomentum.
M. Deplanche sends from the Loyalty Isles a form twice dichotomously forked.

280. P. (Niph.) Lingua, Sw. ; rhizome wide-creeping, clothed with spreading
lanceolate ferruginous scales ; st. 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. uniform, 4-8 in. 1,,
1-4 in. br., the apex often cuspidate, the base narrowed or rather rounded,
the edge entire ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower matted with
close compact cottony subferruginous down ; main veins distinct to the edge ;
sori rather large and prominent, in close rows of 4-6 each between them. — Hk.
Sp. 5. p. 49.

Hab. N. India (up to 5,000 ft.) and Japan to Ceylon and the Malay Isles.— Well
marked by its decided stem and comparatively short broad frond.

281. P. (Niph.) sphcerostichum, Mett. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the
scales ovate, acuminate, brown, crisped ; st. 2-3 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. uniform,
4-5 in. 1., 1 in. br, oblong-lanceolate, the apex acuminate, the base narrowed
suddenly ; texture coriaceous ; under surface very thinly matted ; main veins
distinct to the edge ; sori confluent, covering the whole under surface. — Mett.
Polyp, p. 130.

Hab. Luzon, Cuming, 127. — Like the last in habit, but the sori multi- instead of
uniserial between the transverse veinlets.

282. P. (Niph.) tricuspe, Swz. ; rhizome stout, the scales grey, lanceolate ;
st. 6-8 in. 1., firm, erect \fr. hastate, 2-4 in. each way, the central lobe lanceolate-
deltoid, the lateral ones spreading, distinctly auricled at the base ; texture
coriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower densely matted ; sori minute, in rows
of 3-4 between the main veins, of 9-12 between the midrib and edge. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 44.

Hab. Japan and Korea. — The only species of the group of which the frond is not
quite entire.

283. P. (Niph.) stigmosum, Sw. ; rhizome short-creeping, the scales ferru-
ginous, fibrillose ; st. subtufted, 1-6 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 1-3 in. br.;
the apex acuminate, the lower part narrowed gradually, the edge entire ; texture
subcoriaceous ; upper surface glabrous, the lower coated with thin grey -ferruginous
tomentum ; main veins distinct to the edge ; the sori in several rows between
the transverse veinlets, very small, quite continuous, sometimes covering the
whole frond except the very'basei — P. costatum, Watt. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 90. Apa-
lophlebia, Presl.

Hab. N. India (up to 2,000 ft.), Malay Peninsula and Isles, New Guinea.— This
and the next may be readily distinguished from the rest of the group by the much larger
size of their fronds. The Himalayan plant (P. costatum, Wall.) is less distinctly stalked

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§ CAMPYLONEURON. 351

than the type and narrowed more gradually below, and P. princeps, Mett., from New-
Guinea, has the scales divided at the point into 3-4 ciliae, and is thinner in texture, with
more adpressed tomentum, and more numerous soil and areolee.

284. P. (Niph.) subfurfuraceum, Hk. ; rhizome short-creeping, clothed with
deciduous ferruginous fibriilose scales ; st. 4-6 in. ]., firm, erect ; fr. 1^-2 ft^l.j_
4-5 in. br., the apex acuminate, the lower part narrowed gradually, the edge
entire ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower with thin glaucous tomen-
tum ; main veins distinct to the edge, connected by arched areolae, with 1 or 2
irregular rows of 6 to 10 sori in each. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 52.

Hab. Mishmee and Bhootan, Griffith.

ft Tomentum thicker, more woolly, and looser. Sp. 285-296.

285. P. (Niph.) nummularicefolium, Mett. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping,
filiform, clothed with bright-ferruginous fibrilJose scales ; st. erect, J-l in. 1.,
often scaly ; fr. dimorphous, the barren ones roundish or elliptical, the fertile
ones longer and narrower, 1^-2 in. 1., j-?r in. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper
surface naked, lower densely coated with loose ferruginous woolly tomentum ;
main veins distinct, connected by 4 to 6 arched areolae ; sori close, scattered, some-
times covering the whole surface. — Hk< Sp. 5. p. 54. Galeoglossa, Presl.

Hab. N. India (up to 2,000 ft.), Neilgherries, Philippines, Malaccas. — P. obovatum,
Mett., is said to be like this, but to have the fertile fronds similar in shape to the barren
ones, and both obovate-oblong.

286. P. (Niph.) floccigerum., Mett. ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales squarrose,
lanceolate-acuminate, bright-ferruginous ; st. very short ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., J-^
in. br., narrowed gradually to both ends, the edge entire ; texture rigid, coria-
ceous ; upper surface naked, lower densely matted with subferruginous tomen-
tum ; veins hidden ; sori immersed amongst the tomentum, covering the whole
upper part of the frond. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 45. Antrophyum niphoboloides, Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 94.

Hab. N. India, Philippines, Malaccas. — Most like 2V. porosum, but the frond much
narrower and texture more rigid.

287- P. (Niph.) jfoszm, Baker; rhizome stout, short-creeping, the scales dense,
spreading, lanceolate, ferruginous ; st. none, or very short; fr. 6-12 in. 1., |-1^
in. br., narrowed very gradually to both ends, the edge entire ; texture subcori-
aceous ; upper surface naked, lower densely coated with soft woolly ferruginous
tomentum ; veins hidden ; sori close, scattered, immersed amongst the tomentum.
— Niphobolus, Bl. P. porosum, Watt. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 48.

Hab. Himalayas (5-6,000 ft.) to Ceylon and Java. — Characterized by its strapshaped
subsessile fronds, very woolly beneath.

288. P. (Niph.) flocculosum, Don ; rhizome short, the scales linear-subulate, pale-
ferruginous ; st. 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, cottony upwards \fr. 6-18 in. 1., f-l| in. br.,
narrowed very gradually to both ends ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface naked,
lower densely matted with close glaucous or subferruginous tomentum ; main
veins distinct to the edge ; sori small, bright-coloured, in straight rows of 4 to 6
each between them. — P. detergibile, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 49.

Hab. N. India, ascending to 5,000 ft.

289. P. (Niph.) africanum, Mett. ; rhizome stout, densely clothed with large
grey ovate scales ; fr. subsessile, 6-12 in. ]., ^-H in. br., narrowed gradually to
both ends, the edge entire ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface nuked, lower densely
coated with close nearly white woolly tomentum ; veins immersed ; sori close,

352 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§ CAMPYLONETJRON.

bright-coloured, spread over the whole upper part of the frond, sunk in the tomen-
tum. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 45. Gynosorium, Presl.

Hab. Kaffraria, Natal, Zambesi-land, Angola, Guinea Coast. — Very near the last, but
smaller and subsessile.

290. P. (Niph.) albicans, Mett. ; rhizome stout, clothed with rather large pale
lanceolate scales ; st. 2-4 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 1-2 in. br., nar-
rowed gradually towards both ends, the edge entire, revolute ; texture very coria-
ceous ; upper surface glabrous, lower densely clothed with ferruginous tom'entum ;
veins immersed, hidden, the main ones distinct to the edge ; sori in close rows of
3 to 4 each between them. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 51.

Hab. Java. — This and the two next are the only densely-tomentose species that are
rigid in texture.

291. P. (Niph.) distichocarpum, Mett. ; st. 5 in. 1., firm, erect ; barren fr. 10
in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., linear-oblong, narrowed to both ends ; fertile fr. 2 ft. 1., 1^
in. br., narrowed gradually from the middle to both ends ; texture subcoriaceous ;
upper surface nearly naked, lower tomentose ; main veins 4 lines apart, with the
sori in 2 rows between them, and 5 to 6 areolee between the midrib and edge. —
Mett. Fil. Ind. 2. p. 231.

Hab. Sumatra, Korthals. — Most like the preceding, from which it may be known by
its biserial sori.

292. P. (Niph.) americanum, Hk. ; rhizome very thick, clothed with large
spreading grey lanceolate scales ; st. strong, erect, 1-4 in. 1. ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., ^-|
in. br., narrowed very gradually downwards, the edge reflexed ; texture very
coriaceous ; upper surface tomentose when young, naked, bright-green and pitted
when mature, lower densely coated with loose dirty- white woolly tomentum ;
veins quite hidden ; sori large, immersed, in single oblique rows of 4 between the
midrib and edge.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 54.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson, Spruce. — Like the last in general habit, but the
sori much larger and only uniserial between the main veins. The only American species
of Niphobolus.

293. P. (Niph.) Gardneri, Mett. ; rhizome short-creeping, clothed with rigid
lanceolate black scales with a brown border ; st. 3-4 in. 1., firm, naked ; fr. 12-18
in. 1., 1-1£ in. br., narrowed very gradually towards both ends, the edge entire ;
texture coriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower densely matted with grey tomen-
tum ; main veins straight ; the sori in close rows of about 4 each between them. —
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 51. Ex. F. t. 68.

Hab. Ceylon. — Very like P. stigmosum in general habit, but the sori larger and the
tomentum thicker.

294. P. (Niph.) penangianum, Hk. ; st. very short ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-3 in. br.,
the point acute, the lower part narrowed very gradually, the edge obscurely
undulated ; texture papyraceous ; upper surface naked, lower thinly clothed with
fine silky tomentum ; main veins very oblique, distinct to the edge, connected by
nearly straight veinlets ; the areolee with 3 to 4 sori in each, the rows close toge-
ther, confined to the upper part of the frond, and the mass falling distinctly short
of the edge. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 52 (not p. 13). Polycampium, Presl.

Hab. Penang, Lady Dalhousie.

295. P. (Niph.) Boothii, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., firm, erect, with lanceolate
scales at the base ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 3-4 in. br., narrowed gradually towards both
ends, the edge entire ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface glabrous, lower with a

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§§ PHYAfATODES. 353

thick coat of ferruginous tomentum ; main veins distinct to the edge, connected
by arched veinlets ; the areolce containing 2 irregular rows of sori, with 6 to 12
in each. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 53.

Hab. Bhootan, Griffith, Booth.

296. P. (Niph.) splendens, Hk. ; fr. subsessile, 1^-3 ft. L, 3-4 in. br.rth«-
point cuspidate, the lower part narrowed very gradually, the edge entire ; texture
subcoriaceous, upper surface with scattered cottony down, lower matted with
ferruginous tomentum and fine silky dark-brown hairs ; main veins straight to
the edge, connected by nearly straight veinlets ; the sori very fine and close, falling
short of the edge. — Hk, Sp. 5. p. 52. Apalophlebia, PresL

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 331.

§§§§§§§§§ Phymatodes, Presl (including Pleopeltis, Auct.}. Areolce fine, copious,
irregular, the free veinlets spreading in various directions, the sori various in position,
generally on the lack of united veinlets. Sp. 297-389. TAB. 48. fig. n.

* Fronds simple. Sp. 297-344.

t Main veins not distinct to the edge. Sp. 297-329.

A. Substance thick, all the veins obscure. Sp. 297-318.

A*. Under surface naked. Sp. 297-312.

297. P. (Phym.) subecostatum, Hk. ; rhizome creeping, matted with tomentum,
the scales brown, fibrillose, squarrose ; fr. sessile, 4-8 in. 1., \ in. br., narrowed
gradually to both ends, the edge entire ; texture thick, coriaceous ; colour pale-
green ; both sides naked ; no main veins, areolse obscure ; sori in single marginal
rows.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 59. t. 273. A.

Hab. Borneo, Lobb. — Midrib upwards indistinct, and distinguished from all its allies
by quite sessile fronds.

298. P. (Phym.) accedens, Blume ; rhizome threadlike, very wide-creeping,
scarcely scaly ; st. very short ; fr. dimorphous, the sterile ones oblong, obtuse,
the fertile ones longer and narrower, 2-4 in. L, J-^ in. br., the soriferous portion
contracted ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins hidden, no distinct main
veins, areolse irregular, with free veinlets ; sori in single rows close to the midrib.
— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 66.

Hab. Philippines, Malaya and Polynesian Islands.— Characterized by the sori being
confined to the narrowed upper fertile part of the frond.

299. P. (Phym.) rostratum, Hk. ; rhizome filiform, wide-creeping, the scales
small, fibrillose ; st. 1-2 in. 1., firm, naked ; fr. 2-4 in. 1., \-\ in. br., narrowed
gradually to both ends, the edge entire ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ;
veins immersed, no distinct main veins, areolse fine, copious, with free veinlets ;
sori large, in single rows not far from the midrib.— /ft. Sp. 5. p. 66. 2nd
Cent. t. 53.

Hab. Khasia, Bhootan, and Mishmee ; gathered by Griffith and Drs. Hooker and
Thomson.

300. P. (Phym.) geminatum, Schrad. ; rhizome stout, very wide-creeping, the
young scales linear, ferruginous ;fr. subsessile, usually in distant pairs, uniform,
entire, 3-6 in. ]., f-1 in. br., narrowed towards both ends, but the point often
blunt ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins immersed, the main ones with
copious fine areolae between them ; sori in a row midway between the midrib and

2 Y

354 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§§ PHYMATODES.

edge, distinctly immersed, placed on the connected veinlets. — HTc. Sp. 5. p. 36.
Anapeltis, J. Sm.

Hab. Brazil. — Near P. lycopodioides, but thicker in texture, and veins less distinct.

301. P. (Phym.) oodes, Kunze ; rhizome slender, the scales small, fibrillose,
yellowish ; st. distant, slender, naked, 3-4 in. 1. ; fr. 1^ 2^ in. 1., l-l£ in. br., ovate,
entire, the base rounded, hardly decurrent ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ;
main veins distinct nearly to the edge, with fine areolee and free veinlets ; sori
rather large, few, scattered. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 71.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 58.

302. P. (Phym.) Schraderi, Mett. ; rhizome firm, short-creeping, the scales black,
fibrillose ; fr. 3-5 in. 1., ^-f in. br., narrowed gradually upwards and below into
a short stem or the base, the edge entire ; texture subcoriaceous ; no main veins;
areolce fine, irregular, with free veinlets ; sori large, in a single row on each side
close to the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 59.

Hab. Cape Colony and Natal.

303. P. (Phym.) Cunningham^ Hk. ; rhizome short-creeping, the scales large,
lanceolate, dull-brown ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., f-f in. br., the point acuminate, the edge
entire, the widest part above halfway down, from which it is narrowed gradually
to the base or a short stem ; texture coriaceous, not rigid ; surfaces naked ; areolce
uniform, without free veinlets ; sori large, prominent, not immersed, roundish or
oblong, in a row nearer the midrib than the edge. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 58. P. attenu-
atum, Hk. Ic. t. 409. Dictymia lanceolata, J. Sm.

Hab. New Zealand and New Hebrides.

304. P. (Phym.) lineare, Thunb. ; rhizome wide-creeping, woody, the scales
lanceolate, dull-brown ; st. varying from almost none to 1-2 in. 1. ; fr. 6-12 in. 1.,
£-2 in.br., entire, narrowed gradually to both ends ; texture subcoriaceous ; both
sides nearly naked ; areolce fine, with copious free veinlets ; sori distinctly im-
mersed, large, prominent, forming a single row nearer the midrib than the edge,
when young covered with copious peltate scales. — Gard. F. 1. 14. Pleopeltis nuda,
Hk. Ex. Fl. t. 63. — /3, P. simplex, Sw. ; fr. larger, sometimes 2 in. br., 18 in. 1. ;
texture thinner, and veins more distinct. P. loriforme, Wall. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 57.
P. excavatum, Bory.

Hab. N. India (common, ascending to 10,000 ft.) and Japan to Ceylon and the Malay
Islands, Mascaren Isles, Natal, Kaffraria, Angola, Fernando Po.

305. P. (Phym.) tenuilore, Kunze ; rhizome slender, woody, scandent ;fr. 9-18
in. 1., J-£ in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge entire, the lower part narrowed
very gradually into a short stem or the base ; texture rigid, coriaceous ; both sides
naked ; main veins none ; areolce hidden, fine, irregular, with free veinlets ; sori
minute, copious, scattered, sometimes confluent, and especially so along the edge.
— Hk. Sp. 5. p, 60. Diblemma, J. Sm.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 287, 332. — The only species of the group with small
irregularly-scattered sori.

306. P. (Phym.) stenophyllum, Bl. ; rhizome moderately thick, wide-creeping,
densely clothed with linear pale-brown scales ; st. distant, 1 in. or more 1., firm,
erect ; fr. 4-9 in. 1., J-J in. br., entire, narrowed gradually to both ends ; texture
very coriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins hidden, immersed, no distinct main veins,
and free veinlets few ; sori completely immersed, and very prominent on the upper
side, forming a single row close to the edge. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 65.

Hab. Philippines and Malaccas.

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§§ PHYMATODES. 355

307. P' (Phym.) soridenSj Kk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales squarrose,
linear, reddish ; st. 1-3 in. 1., slender, naked \fr. 4-12 in. 1., \-\ in. br., narrowed
very gradually to both ends, the barren ones entire, the fertile ones repand ;
texture rigid, coriaceous ; both sides glossy ; areolce fine, irregular, free veinlets
rare ; sori 1 to each lobe, deeply immersed, and forming very distinct papillae on
the upper side.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 61. t. 283. B.

Hab. Borneo, Wallace, Lobb.

308. P. (Phym.) sinuosum. Wall. ; rhizome forming a crust which enwraps the
matrix, clothed with peltate scales, black in the middle and white round the edge,
the stem arising from a conical protuberance, 1-2 in. 1., firm, naked ; fr. dimor-
phous, the barren ones 3-6 in. 1., \-\ in. br., the edge entire, the fertile ones longer,
and the edge repand ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins obscure ; sori
large, immersed, round or oblong, marginal or submarginal. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 61.
t. 274.

Hab. Malaccas, Amboyna, New Hebrides, Solomon Isles.

309. P. (Phym.) longifolium, Mett. ; rhizome woody, short-creeping, the scales
linear, nearly black ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., ^-1^ in. br., the apex acute, the edge entire,
often revolute, the lower part narrowed very gradually into a short firm stem ;
texture coriaceous, the lower surface naked or subfurfuraceous ; main veins none ;
areolce fine, hidden, with copious free veinlets ; sori oblong, quite immersed, placed
end to end a space from one another in a line close to the edge, the caps, mixed
with minute stalked peltate scales.— /?%. Sp. 5. p. 60. 2nd Cent. t. 87. Fil. Ex.
t. 20. Paragramma, Moore.

Hab. Malaccas and Philippines.

310. P. (Phym.) Brownii, Wickst. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
lanceolate, dull-brown ; fr. scattered, 6-18 in. 1., ^-^ in. br., ligulate, the point
bluntish, the edge entire or slightly repand, the lower part narrowed very gra-
dually to a base or short stem ; texture very coriaceous, rigid ; areolce uniform,
without free veinlets ; sori large, prominent, oblong, immersed, in a single row
end to end a space from one another midway between the midrib and edge. —
P. attenuatum, R. Br. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 58. G. F. t. 30 (not H. B. K.). Dictymia,
J. Sm. — (3, marginatum ; sori quite marginal.

Hab. Australia, New Caledonia, Fiji ; (3, New Caledonia and Isle of Pines.

311. P. (Phym.) superficiale, Blume ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
lanceolate, spreading, brown, shining ; st. 4-6 in. 1., firm, naked, often curved ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., narrowed gradually at both ends, the edge entire ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; areotce fine, irregular, with free veinlets ;
sori copious, scattered irregularly. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 71.

Hab. N. India (up to 5-6,000 ft.), Tsus-Sima, Hong-Kong, Malaccas. — Characterized
in the group by its large, copious, irregularly-scattered sori.

312. P. (Phym.) Schomlurghianum, Kze ; rhizome \-\ in. thick, densely clothed
with spreading lanceolate scales, with a broad scariose border ; st. distant, 1-2
in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., l|-3 in. br., entire, narrowed at both ends ;
texture coriaceous ; both sides naked, the margin thickened, no distinct main
veins ; areolce copious, fine, with free veinlets ; sori large, not immersed, in single
rows not far from the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 68.

Hab. Guiana and Amazon Valley.

356 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§§ PHYMATODES.

A**. Under surface matted or furfuraceous. Sp. 313-318.

313. P. (Phym.) percussum, Cav. ; rhizome wiry, wide-creeping, the scales
lanceolate, adpressed, deciduous ; st. 2-3 in. 1., distant, firm, erect ; fr. 6-12 in. 1.,
f-1^ in. br., entire, narrowed gradually towards both ends ; texture very cori-
aceous, rigid ; under side with fine scattered scales; areolce fine, distinct, free
veinlets few and short ; sori round, distinctly immersed, forming a row midway
between the midrib and edge. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 56. Fil. Ex. t. 59.

Hab. Columbia to Peru and Brazil.

314. P. (Phym.) lanceolatum, Linn. ; rhizome wiry, wide-creeping, the scales
lanceolate, adpressed, bright-ferruginous ; st. distant, 1-3 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr.
3-9 in. 1., £-f in. br., narrowed gradually to both ends ; texture coriaceous ; both
sides, especially the under one, more or less thickly coated with fine peltate scales ;
veins immersed, hidden ; areolce without free veinlets ; sori larue, uniserial,
immersed, often reaching from the midrib to the edge. — P. lepidotum, Willd.
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 56. PLeopeltis ensifolia, Hk. Ex. Fl. t. 62.

Hab. West Indies and Panama to Brazil, Araucania, and Juan Fernandez, Sandwich
Isles, Neilgherries, Mascaren Isles, Zambesi-laud, Cape Colony, St. Helena, Guinea Coast.
— A well-marked plant, with a long list of synonyms. The most remarkable form is
P. polylepis, Roem., in which the scales are so dense as to quite cover the under surface.

315. P. (Phym.) linearifolium, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, densely clothed
with secund fibrillose ferruginous scales ; fr. sessile, 3-4 in. 1., 1-1^ lin. br., blunt,
ligulate, entire ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface slightly, lower densely
coated with loose woolly tomentum ; areolce in 2 irregular rows, without main
veins ; sori in a single row on each side of the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 53. 2nd
Cent. t. 58.

Hab. Tsus-Sima, Wilford, 862 ; Formosa, Oldham, 54 ; Peel Island, Korea, Oldham,
1048.

316. P. (Phym.) glabrum, Mett. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
linear, bright-ferruginous ; st. \-\ in. L, firm, wiry ; fr. nearly uniform, 4-6 in. 1.,
J-| in. br., ligulate, entire, the point bluntish, the base narrowed gradually ; tex-
ture very coriaceous ; under surface coated with thin dirty-white tomentum ; veins
hidden ; sori marginal, confined to the upper part of th'e frond, soon confluent so
as to form a ridge on both sides extending from the midrib to the edge. — P. rupestre,
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 46. (in part}. P. acrostichoides, Sieb. (non Forst.}.

Hab. East Australia, Norfolk Island, Lord Howe's Island, New Caledonia. — Very
near the next species, but smaller in size, and the sori more confluent.

317. P. (Phym.) angustatum, Sw. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, clothed with
whitish, linear, deciduous scales ; st. 2-4 in. L, strong, erect ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., ^-1^
in. br., ligulate, entire ; texture very coriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower clothed
with adpressed cottony subferruginous tomentum ; veins hidden ; sori large, pro-
minent, in rows near the edge of the contracted upper part, and sometimes
confluent. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 44. G. F. t. 20. Niphopsis, J. Sm.

Hab. North India to Tahiti and N. S. Wales.

318. P. (Phym.) samarense, Mett. ; rhizome firm, wide- creeping, clothed with
deciduous spreading white linear scales ; st. 1-4 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1.,
^-f in. br., quite entire ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower densely
coated with dirty- white or greyish- ferruginous tomentum ; veins hidden ; upper
half of {he frond contracted, the dense thick sori quite confluent, and occupying
the whole surface. — Mett. Polyp, p. 123.

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§§ PHYMATODES. 357

Hab. Samar, Philippines, Cuming, 323 (in part). — This and the three preceding agree
with Nipliobolus in the coating of the under surface, but with Phymatodes in venation.

B. /Substance thinner, and veins distinct. Sp. 319-329.

319. P. (Phym.) Swartzii, Baker; rhizome wide-creeping, slender, the scales
linear, ferruginous ; st. ^-1 in. 1., slender, naked ; fr. nearly or quite uniform^
2-4 in. 1., ^-1 in. br., narrowed gradually towards both ends, the edge entire
or slighly lobed ; texture subcoriactous ; both sides naked ; areolce fine, copious,
irregular ; sori uniserial on free veinlets. — P. serpens, Sw. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 35.
(non Forst.}. Anapeltis, J. Sm.

Hab. West Indies and Cayenne. — P. runcinatum, Desv., is the sinuato-crenate form.

320. P. (Phym.) zosterceforme, Wall. ; rhizome wide-creeping, slender, scale-
less ; st. \-\ in. 1., very slender ; fr. 4-6 in. ]., 2 lin. br., the edge entire, the
base narrowed gradually ; texture herbaceous ; colour dark-green, both sides
naked ; veinlets distinct, no main veins ; areolce in 2-3 irregular rows with no
free veinlets ; sori distant in rows close to the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 64.

Hab. Tenasserim, Wattich, 280 ; Moulmein, Parish, 191.

321. P. (Phym.) stigmaticum, Presl ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, fibrillose ;
fr. subsessile, uniform, 4-5 in. 1., ^-| in. br., entire, narrowed gradually towards

both ends ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins not reaching to
the edge ; areolce fine, copious, with distinct free veinlets ; sori uniserial, placed
on the connected veinlets. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 36. Anapeltis venosa, J. Sin.

Hab. Columbia. — Very near the next species, but the texture thinner, and free
veinlets copious and distinct.

322. P. (Phym.) lycopodioides, L. ; rhizome wide-creeping, firm, the scales
lanceolate-subulate, ferruginous ; fr. distant, dimorphous, short-stalked or
sessile, the barren ones 2-4 in. 1., ^-1 in. br., entire, often blunt, narrowed
gradually at the base, the fertile ones longer and narrower ; texture coriaceous ;
both sides naked ; areolce in several rows, that containing the uniserial sori the
largest, the free veinlets few and inconspicuous. — /3, P. salicifolium, Willd. ; fr.
narrower, the sterile and fertile ones nearly or quite uniform. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 34.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico fco Peru and South Brazil, Sandwich Isles, Java, Angola,
Mauritius, Natal, Guinea Coast. — More rigid and coriaceous in texture than the rest of
the group, but the veinlets raised and usually quite distinct.

323. P. (Phym.) fusco-punctatum, Hk. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the
scales ovate, bright-brown ; fr. subsessile, 6-9 in. L, the point acute, the base
narrowed very gradually, the edge entire ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides
naked, with abundant fine dark-brown points ; areolce very distinct, with no
main veins and a few included veinlets ; sori large, uniserial. medial. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 69. t. 285. A,

Hab. Chimborazo, Spruce, 5734.

324. P. (Phym.) Mackenii, Baker ; rhizome epigaeous, J in. thick, very wide-
creeping, the scales lanceolate-acuminate, pale reddish-brown \fr. distant, nearly
sessile, 4-5 in. 1., f-f in. br., the point subacute, the edge entire, the base
narrowed rather suddenly ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides quite naked ;
areolce in one large central row which contains the sori, and one of smaller ones
on each side, with free veinlets ; sori round, in a single row rather nearer the
midrib than the edge.

Hab. Natal, McKen, 22. — Closely allied to the two following species, but firmer in
texture, with a stouter rhizome, and the venation not nearly so complicated.

358 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§§ PHYMATODES.

325. P. (Phym.) Lindbergii, Mett. ; rhizome epigseous, very wide-creeping-,
the scales lanceolate, adpressed, bright-brown ; fr. distant, quite sessile, 6-8 in. I.,
l-l£ in. br., narrowed gradually to both ends, the edge entire ; texture thinly
herbaceous ; colour bright-green ; both sides finely pubescent ; main veins
distinct about halfway to the edge, only the outer are*olse wth free veinlets ; sori
round, in a single row nearer the midrib than the margin.

Hab. Brazil, Lindberg, 576. — Nearest the next, but the fronds quite sessile, and the
sori smaller and round.

326. P. (Phym.) persicaricefolium, Schrad. ; rhizome epigseous, very wide-
creeping, the scales linear-subulate, bright-brown ; fr. distant, 5-8 in. 1., 1-2 in.
br., the edge entire, the point acute, the lower part narrowed gradually into a
short stem ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins distinct half-
way to the edge, with fine areolse between them, only the outer ones with free
veinlets ; sori larye, oblong, oblique, forming a single row on each side nearer
the midrib than the edge. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 55. Microgramme, Presl.

Hab. West Indies to Brazil and Ecuador.

327- P. (Phym.) normale, Don ; rhizome woody, scandent, clothed with
deciduous black fibrillose scales ; st. 1-3 in. 1., stramineous ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 1-2 in.
br., entire, narrowed gradually to both ends; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides
naked ; no distinct main veins, but the fine veinlets slightly raised, forming
copious irregular areolse with free included veinlets ; sori large, prominent, not
immersed, in a row not far from the midrib. — /3, P. longifrons, Wall. ; fr.
2-3 ft. 1. ; sori copious, scattered irregularly.— #£. & Gr. t. 65. Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 70.

Hab. N. India (up to 6,000 ft.), Malaya, S. China, Natal, and Caffraria.— Not always
easy to distinguish from the large forms of P. lineare.

328. P. (Phym.) myriocarpum, Mett. ; rhizome firm ; st. very short ; fr.
2-3 ft. 1., 2-4 in. br., the apex acuminate, the base narrowed very gradually, the
edge entire ; texture papyraceous ; both sides naked ; distinct costal areolce
reaching two-thirds of the space to the edge, and beyond these a small distinct
row, including copious fine areolse with free veinlets ; sori very copious,
minute, scattered irregularly. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 68.

Hab. Philippines, Borneo, and Cochin-China.

329. P. (Phym.) linguaeforme, Mett. ; rhizome stout, short-creeping ; fr. quite
sessile, 8-18 in. 1., 2^-3 in. br., tongue-shaped, narrowed from the centre to
three-quarters of the way down, and then dilated again to the broadly-rounded
base, the edge entire ; texture papyraceous ; both sides naked ; veins very dis-
tinctly raised, the main ones irregular, the areolse subquadrangnlar, with a
single distinctly immersed sorus on free or joined veinlets in the centre of
each.— Mett. FU. Ind. p. 225.

Hab. Amboyna, P. B. Webb; Solomon Isles, /. G. Veitch.— Well marked by the
peculiar shape of the frond and very distinct venation.

tf Main veins distinct nearly or quite to the edge. Pleuridium, Fee, J. Sm.
Sp. 330-344.

330. P. (Phym.) lanceola, Mett. ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales dense,
ovate-acute, bright-ferruginous ; st. 1 in. 1. ; fr. 3-5 in. 1., ^-^ in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge entire, revolute, the base shortly narrowed ; texture coria-
ceous ; main veins distinct to the edge, with copious fine areolae with free
veinlets ; sori in a single row near the midrib. — Mett. Fil. Nov. Cal p. 78.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 1595. -

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§§ PHYMATODES. 359

331. P. (Phym.) rhynchophyttum, Hk. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping, with
copious fibrillose bright-ferruginous scales ; fr. dimorphous, the barren ones
ovate, 1-1£ in. 1., with stems about the same length, fertile ones 3-6 in. 1.,
^-f in. br., narrowed very gradually upwards, the edge obscurely toothed, the
stem 2-4 in. 1. ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the
edge, with copious fine areolse between them with free included veinlets ;
uniserial, confined to the upper half of the fertile fronds. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 65.
2nd Cent. t. 55.

Hab. N. India (up to 4,000 ft.), and Moulmein (7,000 ft.).

332. P. (Phym.) Griffithianum, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales dense,
linear, squarrose, dull-brown ; st. distant, 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 6-8 in. 1.,
1^-2 in. br., the point acute, the edge repand, the base rounded or rather
narrowed or auricled ; texture coriaceous ; main veins very distinct to the edge ;
areolce fine, hidden, with copious free veinlets ; sori large, 1 between each main
vein in a row near the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 62. 2nd Cent. t. 51.

Hab. N. India, up to 7,000 ft.

333. P. (Phym.) Melleri, Baker ; st. slender, naked, 1 in. or more 1. ; fr.
2-3 in. 1., ^ in. br., lanceolate, narrowed gradually from near the base to the
point, the edge thickened, repand and wavy, the base rounded ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; surfaces naked ; main veins wavy, distinct to the edge, with copious
fine areolse with free veinlets between them, and one sorus between each midway
between the edge and midrib.

Hab. Madagascar, Dr. Meller.

334. P. (Phym.) triquetrum, Bl. ; rhizome stout, woody, the scales dense,
ovate, blunt, 1 lin. br., almost scariose ; st. distant, 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect ; barren
fr. 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge entire, the fertile one
rather longer and narrower ; texture very coriaceous ; both sides naked ; main
veins very distinct to the edge, the areolee hidden ; sori in two close rows between
the main veins, 5-8 between the midrib and edge, not immersed. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 63.

Hab. Java.

335. P. (Phym.) rupestre, Blume (not R. Br.) ; rhizome woody, the scales
squarrose, dull-brown, linear-acuminate ; st. 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 4-8 in. 1.,
1-1^ in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge entire or obscurely repand ; texture
very coriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins very distinct, the areolse hidden ;
sori in two rows between the main veins, 6-8 between the midrib and edge, not
immersed. — P. saxatile, Mett. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 64.

Hab. Java and Philippines. — Very near the preceding.

336. P. (Phym.) ovatum, Wall. ; rhizome wide-creeping, woody, the scales
lanceolate, dull-brown, deciduous ; st. 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect, slightly scaly
below ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., the point acute, the edge entire, the lower part
narrowed rather suddenly ; texture firm-herbaceous ; both sides naked ; main
veins distinct to the edge, with copious fine areolse with free included veinlets in
the interspaces ; sori large, varying from irregularly 1 to 3 serial. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 64. Hk. $ Gr. p. 41.

Hab. Khasia, Sikhim, and Bhootan, up to 7,000 ft.

337. P. (Phym.) platyphj/llum, Sw. ; rhizome woody, the scales dense, long,
subulate, nearly black ; * st. 3-4 in. 1., strong, erect ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 2-4 in. br.,
the point acute, the edge entire ; texture very thick and rigid ; both sides naked ;

360 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§§ PHYMATODES.

main veins very distinct, the areolse hidden ; upper surface with close small
dirty-white dots ; sori much immersed, in single rows hetween the main veins,
8-9 between the midrib and edge. — P. crassinervium, Blume. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 63,

Hab. Java.

338. P. (Phym.) crassifoliuni, L. ; rhizome woody, short-creeping, the scales
ovate-acuminate, dull-brown ; st. 2-6 in. L, strong, erect ; Jr. 1-3 ft. 1., 1-5 in.
br., narrowed gradually to both ends, the edge entire ; texture very coriaceous,
the upper side with scattered small white dots ; main veins very distinct, the
intervening areolse hidden ; sori in single rows between the main veins, 2-9 in a
row between the midrib and edge. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 62.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico to Brazil and Peru, common. — Very variable in the
breadth of the frond and compactness of the sori. P. anocarpum (Kze.) and P. vittaria
(Mett.) are not more than ^-1 in. br., with the sori in 2 to 4 rows ; P. albo-punctalissi-
mum, J. Sin., is a glaucous much-dotted form, with less distinctly-raised veins than
usual.

339. P. (Phym.) membranaceum, Don ; rhizome stout, the scales ovate, spread-
ing, membranous, lurid-green ; st. 1-4 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 1-3 ft. L, 2-6 in. br.,
the edge entire or repand, both ends narrowed gradually ; texture very thin,
membranous ; main veins distinct, with very copious fine areolse with free
veinlets between them ; sori mostly in two rather irregular rows near the main
veins. — (3, P. grandifolium. Wall. ; Jr. larger ; sori more copious and scattered
irregularly. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 70.

Hab. N. India (up to 5-6,000 ft.) to Ceylon, common.

340. P. (Phym.) heterocarpum, Blume (non Mett.) ; rhizome firm, wide-creep-
ing, the scales squarrose, linear, dull-brown ; st. 3-4 in. 1., firm, erect ; Jr. 1-2
ft. L, 1 1-3 in. br., entire, narrowed to both ends very gradually ; texture firm ;
both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the edge ; areolce copious, with free
veinlets ; sori in rows of 4 to 6 near the main veins. — P. Jfollingerianum, Kze. —
/3, P. Zippettii, Blume ; sori smaller, scattered irregularly. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 72.

Hab. N. India, Ceylon, Java, Borneo, Philippines. — Like the last in habit, but firmer
in texture, and the two forms of each corresponding to one another.

341. P. (Phym.) irioides, Lam. ; rhizome stout, the scales dark-brown, ovate,
obtuse ; Jr. sessile or subsessile, 1-3 ft. ]., 1-3 in. br., narrowed gradually to both
ends, the edge entire ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins fine,
but distinct to the edge, connected by cross veinlets larger than the others, with
copious fine areolse in the interspaces, including free veinlets ; sori very small
and copious, scattered irregularly. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 67. Fil. Ex. t. 4. Microsorium,
Link.

Hab. N. India and Chusan to Fiji, Isle of Pines, and N. S. Wales, Mascaren Isles,
Zambesi-land, Natal, Angola, Guinea Coast.

342. P. (Phym.) muscefolium, Blume ; rhizome woody, the scales ovate, dull-
hrown \fr. 1-3 ft. L, 3-4 in. br.,the point acute or bluntish, the lower part broadly
winged to the very base ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins very
distinct, connected by distinct arched veinlets, with copious fine areolce with free
veinlets in the interspaces ; sori small, very numerous, sometimes covering nearly
the whole surface. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 68.

Hab. Malay Isles. — Very near the last, but the veins more distinct.

343. P. (Phym.) hemionitidetim. Wall. ; rhizome woody, hypogseous ; st. 1-6
in. L, firm, erect; fr. 9-18 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., narrowed to both ends, the edge

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§§ PHYMATODES. 361

entire ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins very distinct, the main
ones branching and becoming lost before they quite reach the edge, including
irregular rather large areolae with a few free veinlets ; sori in a very irregular
row between each main vein, often confluent. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 73. Colysis, Presl.

Hab. N. India (up to 6,000 ft.) and Neilgherries.

344. P. (Phym.) ensatum, Thunb. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping, the scales
lanceolate, spreading, dull-brown; st. 6-12 in. 1., erect, scaly below; fr. 6-18
in. 1., l±-3 in. br., narrowed to both ends ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides
naked ; main veins distinct nearly to the edge, the areolse fine, close, copious and
free veinlets abundant ; sori irregularly uniserial between the main veins, few,
but often confluent. — £Lk. Sp. 5. p. 72.

Hab. Japan and Tsus-Sima.

** Fronds variously lobed but not regularly pinnatift d or pinnate. Sp. 345-353.
f Fronds not in two halves. Sp. 345-350.

345. P. (Phym.) crispatum, Hk. ; st. tufted, slender, 1-2 in. 1., clothed with
soft spreading hairs ; fr. pendent, 6-18 in. 1., ^-| in. br., ligulate, nearly entire
or bluntly lobed a quarter or even halfway down to the midrib ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; both sides thinly clothed with soft hairs ; veins in pinnated groups,
the veinlets forked and uniting with those of the next group ; sori dorsal, 2-6 to
each lobe, small, quite immersed. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 1. Glyphotsenium, J. Sin.

Hab. Panama, Seemann, 995. — Differs from Phymatodes by its regular pinnated veins,
and from Goniophlebium by being without free veins, and by its dorsal sori.

346. P. (Phym.) Labrusca, Hk. ; mud. woody, the scales large, linear, dark-
brown ; st. 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect, scaly below ; fr. 3-4 in. 1., 2^-3 in. br., cordate-
ovate, with a deep basal sinus, the edge sinuated ; texture coriaceous ; both sides
naked ; main veins distinct to the edge ; areolce fine, copious, distinct ; sori
small, copious, scattered irregularly. — Ilk. Sp. 5. p. 73. t. 285. B.

Hab. Borneo, Ldbb. — A very distinct species, with fronds like the leaves of Vitis
Labrusca.

347. P. (Phym.) bifrons, Hk. ; rhizome woody, but rather slender, branched,
tortuose, nearly naked ; barren fr. sessile, 3-4 in. 1., 1 in. br., elliptical, narrowed
at both ends, with blunt lobes, which reach nearly halfway down ; fertile fr.
4-6 in. 1., 2-4 lin. br., short-stalked, entire ; texture papyraceous ; both sides
naked ; a midrib to each lobe, with copious areolce between, with free veinlets ;
sori large, oblong, placed end to end in a row on each side close to the midrib. —
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 78. Fil. Ex. t. 52,

Hab. Ecuador, Jameson, 789.

348. P. (Phym.) Spectrum, Kaulf. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
black, subulate, deciduous ; st. distant, 3-4 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr. 6-9 in.
each way, cordate-hastate, the apex acuminate, the lateral lobes rounded or
acute, the basal lobes deep, sometimes imbricated, the edge not toothed ; texture
firm ; both sides naked ; areolce fine, with copious free veinlets ; sori small,
copious, scattered irregularly. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 74. Colysis, J. Sm.

Hab. Sandwich Isles and Sumatra.

349. P. (Phym.) hastatum, Thunb. ; rhizome firm, the scales linear, spreading,
bright-ferruginous; st. 2-4 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., simple, lan-
ceolate, ^-1^ in. br., or 3-lobed, with the lateral lobes like the terminal one

362 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§§ PHYMATODES.

but smaller ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the
edge, parallel, with copious fine areolse between them, with free included vein-
lets ; sori in a single row, nearer the midrib than the edge. — HTc. Sp. 5. p. 74.

Hab. Japan to Formosa.

350. P. (Phym.) pteropus, Blume ; rhizome wide-creeping, hypogseous, the
emergent portions clothed with blackish lanceolate-subulate scales"; st. 4-6 in. 1.,
sometimes scaly ; fr. varying from oblong-lanceolate entire to ternate or pin-
natifid, with a large terminal lobe 4-9 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., and 2 smaller ones on
each side ; texture thin but firm ; colour dark-green ; both sides naked ; areolce
fine, copious, the main veins not distinct to the edge ; sori small, scattered. —
P. tridactylon, Wall. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 75.

Hab. N. India to Ceylon, Malaccas, Philippines, Hong-Kong, Formosa. — Often grows
under water.

ft Dipteris, Reinw. Fronds flabellate, in two halves, which are deeply lobed
from the circumference in the direction of the base* Sp. 351-353.

351. P. (Dipt.) Dipteris, Blume; st. strong, 3-5 ft. ].; fr. 1-3 ft. 1., and
much broader, the main lobes reaching three-quarters of the way down, the
edges sharply toothed ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface dark-green, lower
very glaucous ; main veins very prominent, dichotomously forked ; areolce
copious ; sori very minute, scattered irregularly, especially plentiful near the
main veins, confluent, not gummy. — P. Horsfieldii, R. Br. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 99.
P.* conjugatum, Kaulf. (not Lam.}.

Hab. Malaccas and Polynesian Islands, as far east as Fiji. — This and the next are very
distinct in habit from the rest of the genus.

352. P. (Dipt.) Wallichii, R. Br. ; st. strong, 2-3 ft. 1. ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1. and
much broader, the main lobes reaching three-quarters of the way down, the
edges not toothed, the ultimate lobes acuminate ; texture coriaceous ; upper
surface dark-green, lower dirty-white or subferruginous ; main veins very
prominent, dichotomously forked ; areolce copious; sori small, generally in distinct
rows, not confluent but distributed equally over the surface, often gummy. —
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 99.

Hab. N. India, subtropical region.

353. P. (Dipt.) Lobbianum, Hk. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1. ; fr. 1 ft. 1. and as broad,
the main lobes reaching down to the base, 3 or 4 times dichotomously forked,
the ultimate ones linear acuminate, entire ; texture coriaceous ; midrib only
prominent ; areolce principally in one large costal series with 1 sorus in each. —
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 100.

Hab. Mount Ophir, Malayan Peninsula and Sarawak, Borneo, T. Lobb. — A very dis-
tinct plant, differing from the preceding by its very deep narrow lobes and few solitary
sori.

**# Fronds deeply pinnatifid. Sp. 354-383.

•f Fronds uniform, or the barren ones not drynarioid. Sp. 354-372.

354. P. (Phym.) leucosporum, Klotzsch ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the
scales lanceolate, black in the centre, with a scariose border ; st. 2-8 in. 1., firm,
erect, furfuraceous ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., the upper part bluntly sinuated,
the lower cut more than halfway down into blunt lobes £-§ in. br. ; texture
coriaceous ; upper surface slightly, lower densely coated with minute fuifu-
raceous scales ; veins hidden ; sori large, prominent, uniserial. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 76.

Hab. Columbia. — Habit and scales of Lepicystis and P. lanceolatum.

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§§ PHYMATODES. 363

355. P. (Phym.) trifidum, Don ; rhizome stout, the scales linear, squarrose,
bright-ferruginous ; st. 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy ; fr, 6-12 in. 1., 6-8 in. br.,
with a large linear terminal lobe and 1-5 similar ones on each side, which reach
down within |- in. of the rachis and are 4-6 in. 1., -|-lj in. br., narrowed to the
point, the edge entire or obscurely repand ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ;
main veins distinct to the edge, with transverse veinlets and copious fine areolse
between them ; son uniserial and 1 only between each main vein. — P. oxylobum7
Wall. Hk.Sp.Z.p.W.

Hab. N. India (up to 7,000 ft.) to Ceylon.

356. P. (Phym.) malacodon, Hk, ; rhizome rather slender, the scales lan-
ceolate-acuminate, brown or nearly black ; st. 4-6 in. L, slender, glossy ; fr.
6-15 in. 1., 5-6 in. br., with a linear or linear-oblong subentire or repand and
finely-toothed acuminate terminal lobe 3-4 in. L, -|-f in. br., and 1-4 smaller
lateral ones on each side, which are more or less confluent at the base ; texture
papyraceous or subcoriaceous ; both sides naked; main veins fine but distinct,
the areolse fine and clearly visible, with copious free veinlets ; sori in a
single row on each side, nearer the midrib than the edge. — HTc. Sp. 5. p. 87- P.
cyrtoloba, J. Sm.

Hab. N. India, tip to 12-13,000 ft. — Very near the last, but thinner in texture, the
pinnae deeper, and often finely tootfced.

357. P. (Phym.) incurvatum, Blume; rhizome woody, the scales adpressed ;
fr. dimorphous, the barren ones 6-9 in. each way, deltoid, ternate or pinnatifid,

with broad lanceolate-acuminate entire lobes, the stem firm, glossy, 6-9 in. 1. ;
fertile fr. larger, cut down nearly or below quite to the rachis into erecto-patent
entire distant lobes 4-8 in. 1., ^Hf in. br., the lowest sometimes forked, the st.
1^-2 ft. 1. ; texture very coriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the
edge ; the uniserial sori quite immersed, and forming prominent papillee on the
upper surface. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 77.

Hab. Malaccas. — Well distinguished by its very coriaceous usually ternate barren
frond, with deltoid lobes.

358. P. (Phym.) angustum, Mett. ; rhizome firm, the spales brown, linear,
crisped ; st. 2-5 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 6-9 in. each way, with a linear terminal
lobe 4-6 in. 1., J-| in. br., and several similar erecto-patent lobes on each side,
which reach down nearly or quite to the rachis and aye diluted at the base ;
tenure coriaceous ; under surface furfuraceoiis, with minute scattered peltate
scales ; veins obscure ; sori prominent, in a row on each side the midrib.— Hk.
Sp. 5. p. 76.

Hab. Mexico, Guatemala, W. Indies^ S. Brazil. — The original Pleopeltis of Humboldt.
The typical plant is sometimes subdigitate ; P. sectifrons, Kze. (Drynaria elastica, F^e),
is a more fully pinnate form than usual ; and D. stenoloma, F^e, a form with the lobes
only i in. br.

359. P. (Phym.) insigne, Blnme ; rhizome slender, the scales linear, dull-
brown ; st. 2-4 in. 1., slender, erect, naked ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with an
entire lanceolate-acuminate terminal lobe 2-3 in. 1., ^ in. or more br., and 2-4
similar ones on each side, which reach down within ^ in. of the rachis and below
them a long narrow decurrent wing to the stem ; texture firm -herbaceous ; both
sides naked ; veins fine, irregular, with free veinlets ; sori small, scattered
irregularly. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 78.

Hab. Java, Philippines, and Malacca.

360. P. (Phym.) pustulatum, Forst. ; rhizome woody, copiously branched,
wide-scandent, the scales linear, dark-brown, squarrose ; st. 1-3 in. 1. ; fr.

364 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§§ PHYMATODES.

varying in shape from entire, 3-9 in. 1., £-£ in. br., narrowed to both ends, to
12-18 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., cut down to a broadly- winged rachis throughout into
lanceolate lobes ; texture papyraceous ; both sides naked ; areolce rather large,
irregular, with copious free veinlets ; sori uniserial, submarginal, immersed. —
Ilk. Sp. 5. p. 80.

Hab. New Zealand and Australia, both temperate and tropical.

361. P. (Phym.) Billardieri, R. Br. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
ovate-acuminate, adpressed, black in the centre, with a scariose border ; st. 4-8
in. 1., firm, erect, glossy ; fr. varying in shape from oblong-lanceolate, quite
entire, to 18 in. 1. and half as broad, deeply pinnatifid, with lanceolate or linear
lobes ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins irregular, with copious
areolse between them with free veinlets ; sori large, uniserial, medial or sub-
marginal, distinctly immersed. — Hk. tip. 5. p. 82.

Hab. New Zealand, S. Australia, Van Diemen's Land, and neighbouring islands. —
P. Vidllardii, Mett., from New Caledonia, is said to differ from this by its more numerous
lobes, the lowest subpetiolate, and sori placed always in the second row of areolse.

362. P. (Phym.) phymatodes, L. ; rhizome wide-creeping, woody, the scales
dark-brown, fibrillose ; st, 3-12 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy ; fr. varying from
simple, oblong-lanceolate, to 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., cut down to a broadly-winged
rachis into numerous entire acuminate lanceolate-oblong lobes 4-8 in. 1., 1-1^ in.
br. ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; no distinct main veins ; areolce fine,
with copious free veinlets ; sori large, more or less immersed, 1-2 serial or
scattered.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 82.

Hab. Polynesian and Malayan Isles and N. Australia to Formosa and Loo Choo, Tsus-
Sima, Ceylon, Mascaren Isles, Natal, Zambesi-land, Angola, Guinea Coast. — P. maxi-
mum, Hk. (Drynaria, Brack.), from Tahiti, &c., is probably a large simple form. It is
curious that this very common Malayan species should be quite absent from Continental
India. P. longipes, terminate, and peltideum of Link are garden varieties.

363. P. (Phym.) nigrescens, Blume ; rhizome stout, the scales ovate, adpressed ;
st. 12-18 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy ; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 1 ft. or more br., cut within
j- 1 in. of the rachis into usually numerous entire acuminate linear-oblong lobes
6-12 in. ]., 1-2 in. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked; colour dark-
green ; main veins distinct but wavy, the areolaj fine, copious, with free veinlets ;
sori in a single row nearer the midrib than the edge, sunk in a deep cavity,
which is prominent on the upper side. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 81. Fil. Ex. t. 22.

Hab. N. India, Ceylon, Malaccas, Fiji, Samoa, Friendly Isles.— Differs from the last
by its thinner texture, distinct veins, and more immersed sori.

364. P. (Phym.) affine, Blume ; rhizome woody, scaleless ; st. 12-18 in. L,
firm, glossy ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., cut down nearly to the rachis below,
within £ in. above, into erecto-patent slightly repand much acuminated lobes
6-9 in. 1., about 1 in. br. ; texture papyraceous ; both sides naked ; no distinct
main veins; areolce large, fine, with free veinlets; sori not immersed, in 2-3
irregular rows between the midrib and edge. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 84.

Hab. Malaccas and Philippines. — Very near the last in habit and texture, but the sori
different.

365. P. (Phym.) Powellii, Baker; rhizome woody, scandent ; st. 1J-2 ft. 1.,
brownish, naked ; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 1 ft. or more br., cut down within J in. of the
rachis throughout into close acuminate entire lobes 5-6 in. 1., ^-f in. br. ;
texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked ; colour dark-green ; main veins not at all
prominent, but distinct when held up to the light ; areolce rather large, with
copious free veinlets ; sori in a single row about midway between the edge and

, not at all immersed.

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§§ PHYMATODES. 365

Hab. Samoa, Powell, 135. — Lobes narrower and more numerous than in P. nigrescens,
the veins different, and sori not immersed.

366. P. (Phym.) dilatatum, Wall. ; rhizome thick, woody, the scales large,
ovate, dull-brown ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., with a narrow decurrent wing reaching
nearly down to the base ; fr. 1^-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., cut down within
j-l in. of the rachis into acuminate entire erecto-patent lobes 4-8 in. 1., ^-1^ in*-
br. ; texture papyraceous ; both sides naked ; main veins fine, wavy, falling
rather short of the edge, with copious fine areolse with free veinlets ; sori small,
copious, scattered irregularly, often confluent. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 85.

Hab. N. India (up to 6,000 ft.), Malaccas, Samoa.— Habit of the two preceding, but
the sori minute and scattered irregularly.

367. P. (Phym.) laciniatum, Blume ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales lan-
ceolate, ciliated, bright-ferruginous ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy ; fr. 12-18
in. 1., 1 ft. or more br., cut down throughout to a narrowly-winged rachis into
lobes 6-9 in. 1., ^-f in. br., the point much acuminated, the edge slightly undu-
lated, the lower ones deflexed ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; main
veins distinct to the edge ; areolce fine, with copious free veinlets ; sori uniserial,
immersed. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 87.

Hab. Java. — P. molascens, Mett., is said to differ by its broader entire scales, coriaceous
texture, immersed veins, and sori sunk in a deep pit.

368. P. (Phym.) alatum, Hk. ; rhizome woody, scaleless ; st. 12-18 in. 1., firm,
erect; fr. l|-2 ft. 1., 10-12 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis below, within
^ in. above, into numerous erecto-patent repand linear-oblong acuminate lobes
6-8 in. 1., 1 in. or more br. ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; both sides naked ;
main veins distinct to the edge, with copious fine areolae with free veinlets ; sori
rather small, in rows of 3-4 near the main veins. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 85.

Hab. Fiji, Brackenridge, Seemann. — Very like dilatatum in habit and texture, but the
main veins straight, and the sori, though small, in 2 regular rows near them.

369. P. (Phym.) glaucum^ Kze. ; rhizome stout, the scales long, dense, fibrillose,
dark glossy-brown ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br.,
cut down throughout to a broadly-winged rachis into erecto-patent entire
acuminate lobes 4-5 in. 1., ^-f in. br. ; texture very coriaceous ; both sides naked ;
no distinct main veins and areolse quite hidden ; sori forming single rows close
to the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 88.

Hab. Philippines. — Eesembles some of the forms of P. aureum in texture and general
habit.

370. P. (Phym.) Zomarioides, Kunze ; rhizome forming a thick wide-spreading
crust, thickly clothed with small peltate scales, ferruginous in the centre, with a
broad scariose border; st. 2-4 in. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., the
barren one cut down within ^-J in. of the rachis into close horizontal oblong
entire blunt lobes f in. br. ; the fertile one cut nearly to the rachis throughout,
with more numerous lobes, |--f in. br. ; texture coriaceous ; surfaces naked ;
veins immersed, irregular ; areolce fine, with copious free veinlets ; sori com-
pletely immersed, round or oblong, forming two close rows near the midrib. —
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 79.

Hab. Java, Borneo, Philippines. — Lecanopteris carnosa, Blume, appears to be an
abnormal form of this, with the lobes intermediate in character between tbose of the
typical barren and fertile frond, with large sori in very distinct marginal pits. Agrees
with P. sinuosum in its very peculiar rhizome, the barren frond having quite the habit of
a pinnatifid Lomaria.

371. P. (Phym.) ebcnipes, Hk. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, the scales large,

366 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§§ PHYMATODES.

lanceolate, glossy, nearly black ; st. 6-9 in. 1., naked, glossy ; fr. 6-18 in. 1.,
8-12 in. br., cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into nearly entire acuminate
lobes 4-6 in. 1., §-1 in. br., the lowest pair deflexed ; main veins distinct to the
edge ; areolce fine, with copious free veinlets ; sori in single rows near the midrib.
— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 88.

Hab. N. India, up to 10,000 ft.— Resembles P. trifidum, but the pinnae reach down
deeper, and the main veins are closer and more distinct.

372. P. (Phym.) longissimum, Blume ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales large,
ovate, brown, adpressed ; st. 12-18 in. 1., firm, glossy ; fr. 1-4 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br.,
cut down very nearly to the rachis into numerous erecto -patent acuminate
linear subentire lobes 4-8 in. L, £-^ in. br. ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ;
veins forming large distinct costular areolae and beyond them smaller irregular
ones, both with free veinlets ; sori in close single rows near the midrib, forming
distinct papillae on the upper surface. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 89.

Hab. N. India, Neilgherries, Malaccas, Philippines, Formosa. — M. Deplanche sends
from New Caledonia a plant that agrees with this, except that the sori are submarginal.

ft Drynaria, Bory. Fronds with either a separate sterile frond or the base of
the ordinary one pinnatifid like a sessile oak- leaf, brownish in colour and rigid in
texture. Sp. 373-383.

A. Sterile frond not separate. Sp. 373-375.

373. P. (Dryn.) Heracleum, Kze. ; rhizome stout, the scales long, silky,
fibrillose, bright-brown ; fr. 3-6 ft. L, 2 ft. or more br., the base with a cordate
lobed wing 3-4 in. br., the upper part cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into
entire acute lobes, which are often 12-18 in. 1., 3-4 in. br. ; texture rigid ; both
sides naked ; main veins distinct to the edge, with 6-8 irregular quadrangular
areolse between the midrib and edge enclosing smaller ones with copious free
veinlets ; sori small, copious, scattered, slightly immersed. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 93.
G. F. t. 1.

Hab. Java and Philippines.

374. P. (Dryn.) Meyenianum, Schott. ; rhizome very stout, the scales \ in. 1.,
linear, crisped, bright-ferruginous ; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 8-12 in. br., the lower part cut
down nearly to the rachis into erecto-patent linear-oblong blunt entire lobes
3-6 in. 1., ^-1 in. br., the upper part pinnate, with numerous close pinnae 4-8
in. 1., which consist only of a firm midrib, with a row of small round lobes on
both sides, each with a sorus that covers it ; texture of the barren lobes coria-
ceous, the main veins distinct, the copious areolae with free veinlets. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 94. Aglaomorpha, Schott.

Hab. Philippines.

375. P. (Dryn.) conjugatum. Lam.; rhizome very thick, densely matted with
long linear crisped bright-brown scales ; fr. arranged in a circle, 2-4 ft. 1., 12-18
in. br., the stem with a lobed wing 2-4 in. br. on each side at the base, which is
narrowed and more deeply lobed upwards, passing gradually into the frond,
which is cut down nearly to the rachis throughout into entire erecto-patent
pinnce 4-8 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br. ; texture rigid ; both sides naked ; main veins
distinct to the edge, the transverse veinlets forming about 6 quadrangular
areolse between the midrib and edge ; the sori in a single row close to the anterior
main vein, sometimes confluent. — P. coronans, Wall. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 95. Fil.
Ex. t. 91.

Hab. N. India (subtropical region), Moulmein, Hong-Kong, Formosa.

48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§§ PHYMATODES. 367

B. Sterile frond distinct. Sp. 376-383.

376. P. (Dryn.) Fortunei, Kunze; rhizome woody, the scales linear, bright
ferruginous ; fr. dimorphous, the barren ones 2-3 in. 1., l-l?r in. br., the upper
lobes deltoid-acute, the fertile ones 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., cut down nearly or
quite to the rachis into lanceolate or oblong acute or bluntish entire erecto-patentr
lobes 2-4 in. 1., |-1 in. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; main veins distinct, 1-2 lin.
apart, connected by prominent transverse veinlets, with a few faint ones in the
intervals ; sori in single rows of 3-4 between the main veins.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 95.

Hab. South China, both the coast and interior.

377. P. (Dryn.) splendens, Hk. ; rhizome woody, the scales grey, fibrillose,
adpressed ; fr. subsessile, 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., the lower part barren, cut
down nearly or quite to the rachis into erecto-patent entire acute lobes 4-8 in. 1.,
1-2 in. br., the upper fertile pinnse distant, ligulate, 4-8 in. 1., J-| in. br. ; main
veins distinct, with distinct transverse veinlets and copious Intermediate ones and
free veinlets ; sori oblong or subquadrangular, filling up the whole of the fertile
pinnae except the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 96. Dryostachyum, J. Sin.

Hab. Philippines and Singapore. — D. pilosum, J. Sm., is a form with the fertile pinnae
slightly pubescent.

378. P. (Dryn.) Willdenovii, Bory ; rhizome thick, woody, the scales \ in. ].,
linear, crisped, bright ferruginous ; fr. dimorphous, the barren one 4-6 in. 1.,
3-4 in. br., the lobes short, rounded, blunt, the fertile one l£-2 ft. 1., 6-10 in. br.,
the upper lobes 4-5 in. J., %-\ in. br., linear, acute, slightly repand, reaching
down to the rachis, the lower ones shorter and blunt, with a narrow wing down
the stem to the base ; texture coriaceous ; areolce small, copious ; sori slightly
immersed, uniserial. — HJc. Sp. 5. p. 97.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.

379. P. (Dryn.) propinquum, Wall. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
linear, bright-ferruginous ; fr. dimorphous, the barren ones 4-9 in. 1., 3-4 in. br.,
cut half or three- quarters of the way down into bluntish or acute lobes, the fertile
ones 1^-3 ft. 1., often 1 ft. br., with a distinct stem, the lobes 4-6 in. 1., ^-f in.
br., reaching down nearly or quite to the rachis ; texture subcoriaceous ; areolce
copious, the free veinlets few and variously directed ; sori in a row near the
midrib, placed at the point of union of several veinlets. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 97. P.
Wildenovii, H. G. F. t. 35. (non Bory).

Hab. N. India (up to 7,000 ft.), Java, and the West African islands. — The typical
plant has more or less distinctly toothed fertile pinnse, but in the Javan P. pleuridioides,
Mett. (P. Willdenovii, Blume, not Bory), they are quite entire.

380. P. (Dryn.) rivale, Mett. MSS. ; rhizome stout, the scales dense, linear,
bright-ferruginous ; fr. dimorphous, the barren ones 4-6 in. 1., 2 in. br., cut down
three-quarters of the way to the rachis into spreading blflnt lobes, the fertile
ones 1-2 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br., with a distinct stem, the blunt entire lobes 2-3 in. 1.,
^ in. br., reaching down nearly or quite to the rachis ; texture of the fertile frond
papyraceous ; main veins not more than ^ in. apart ; areolce fine, with copious
free veinlets, all directed towards the edge, the close sori terminal on free
veinlets in the costal series.

Hab. N. E. Himalayas.— Distinguished from the last by its much thinner texture, and
venation like Goniophlebium. The veins of the fertile frond are scarcely at all raised, but
are very distinct.

381. P. (Dryn.) quercifolium, L. ; rhizome stout, the scales bright-brown,

368 48. POLYPODIUM, §§§§§§§§§ PHYMATODES.

£-^ in. 1., lanceolate-acuminate, the base cordate ; fri dimorphous, the barren
ones sessile, 3-12 in. 1., 2-6 in. br., brown, rigid, bluntly lobed often halfway
down, the fertile ones long-stalked, 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., cut down nearly
to the rachis into entire erecto-patent lobes 6-9 in. 1., \-l\ in. br. ; texture rig-id ;
both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the edge, with 4-6 quadrangular areolse
between them between the midrib and edge, enclosing each two large sori and
copious lesser areolse. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 96.

Hab. N. India and S. China to Ceylon, Queensland, and Fiji.

382. P. (Dryn.) Linncei, Bory ; rhizome stout, the scales 1-2 lin. 1., broadly
ovate, with a short acumen from a peltate base ; fr. dimorphous, the barren ones
sessile, brown, rigid, bluntly lobed ; the fertile ones long-stalked, 2-3 ft. 1.,
6-12 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into entire erecto-patent lanceolate
lobes ; texture rigid ; both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the edge, with
copious irregular areolce between them, with copious small scattered sori.— P.
sparsisorum, Desv.

Hab. Ceylon and Malaccas to Tropical Australia and Solomon Isles. — Differs from the
last by its small scattered sori.

383. P. (Dryn.) rigidulum, Sw. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping, the scales
fibrillose, dark glossy-brown ; fr. dimorphous, the barren one sessile, 6-9 in. 1.,
3-4 in. br., cut down |-| way down to the rachis into blunt lobes, the fertile
one 2-4 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., long-stalked, pinnate ; pinnae 1 in. or more apart,
narrowed or stalked at the base, 6-12 in. 1., £-§ in. br., the point acuminate, the
edge more or less deeply inciso-crenate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both
sides naked ; main veins not distinct to the edge ; areolce copious, free veinlets
few ; sori immersed in a single row halfway between the edge and midrib. — P.
diversifolium, R. Br. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 98. G. F. t. 5.

Hab. Malaccas to Queensland and Fiji.

**** Fronds pinnate. Sp. 384-389.

384. P. (Phym.) palmatum, Blume ; rhizome stout, the scales large, lanceolate,
full-brown ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., 8-12 in. br., with a
linear or linear-oblong entire or slightly repand terminal lobe, and 1-6 similar
ones on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1., |-1^ in. br., narrowed or dilated, always
slightly adnate at the base, those of the barren fr. the broadest ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the edge, the areolse fine,
hidden ; sori in a single row midway between the edge and midrib.— Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 89. Pleuridium, J. Smith. P. crenulatum, Mett.

Hab. Malaccas and Philippines. — P. angustatum, Blume (P. Lindleyanum, Wall.), and
P. palmatum, Blume, appear to be varieties of one species, but the latter has only a very
few pinnae, which do not reach down to the rachis.

385. P. (Phym.) 'juglandifolium, Don ; rhizome stout, woody, the scales large,
ovate, bright-ferruginous ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., firm, erect, glossy ; fr. l|-2 ft. 1.,
1 ft. or more br. ; pinnce in pairs 1-2 in. apart, 4-8 in. 1., 1-1| in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge thickened and wavy, the base rounded ; texture subcoria-
ceous ; both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the edge ; areolce copious,
hidden, with free veinlets ; sori large, one between each main vein, forming a
row nearer the midrib than the edge. — P. capitellatum, Wall. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 90.
— j8, P. tenuicauda, Hk. ; pinnce narrower, very acuminate, narrowed at the
base, and the lower ones often a little stalked. — Hk. I. c.

Hab. N. India, up to 10,000 ii.—Pleopeltis Moulmeinensis, Beddome, Fil. Brit. Ind.
t. 205, is either a form of this or very closely allied.

49. JAMESONIA. 369

386. P. (Phym.) Lehmanni, Mett. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
long, rigid, fibrillose, yellowish-brown ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr.
1-2 ft. I,, 8-10 in. br. ; pinnce in distant pairs, 4-5 in. 1., ^-f in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge entire or slightly repand, the base rounded ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the edge, with two
rows of sori 3-4 deep between them. — Mett. Polyp, p. 117.

Hab. Burmah and Darjeeling, Griffith.

387. P. (Phym.) himalayense, Hk. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales
linear, squarrose, bright-brown ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., firm, glossy ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1.,
8-12 in. br., the pinnae in pairs 1-2 in. apart, 4-8 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., the point
acuminate, the edge scariose, wavy, the base rounded or even cordate ; texture
subcoriaceous ; under surface finely pubescent ; main veins very distinct ; areolce
fine, close, with copious free veinlets ; sori in 1-2 rows of 3-4 each between the
main veins. — Hk.Sp. 5. p. 91. P. venustum, Wall.

Hab. N. India, up to 7,500 ft. — Mettenius unites this with P. juglandifolium, but the
pinnae are much broader, with prominent veins and a distinct scariose wavy edge.

388. P. (Phym.) leiorhizon, Wall. ; rhizome very thick, clothed with ovate
adpressed peltate scales ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., firm, erect ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 1-2 ft. br. ;
pinnce narrowed at the base, the lower ones stalked, 6-12 in. 1., |-1^ in. br., the
apex acuminate, the edge entire ; texture subcoriaceous, surfaces naked ; areolce
fine, uniform, with copious free veinlets ; sori slightly immersed, in a row near
the midrib on each side. — Hk, Sp. 5. p. 91. Fil. Ex. t. 25.

Hab. N. India, up to 5-7,000 ft.

389. P. (Phym.) albo-squamatum, Blume ; rhizome woody, the scales long
(sometimes 1 in. L), dense, fibrillose, dark-brown ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect,
glossy ; fr. sometimes simple, usually pinnate, 1-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., with
several distant erecto-patent pinnce on each side, which are 6-10 in. L, |-| in.
br., the apex much acuminated, the edge slightly repand towards the point, the
base narrowed, the lower ones stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface
with small white dots at the edge or all over ; main veins usually indistinct ;
sori in a single row midway between the midrib and edge. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 92.
G. F. t. 47.

Hab. Malay Isles and Philippines. — P. varians, Blume, is a form with narrow pinnae
and more distinct main veins.

TRIBE 12. GRAMMITIDE^B.

Sori on the back of the lobes, more than twice as long as broad, usually linear.
GEN. 49-59.

GEN. 49. JAMESONIA, Hk. Sf Gr.

Sori oblong, placed on the flabellate veins on the back of the pinnce remote
from the edge. A single Andine species, placed by Mettenius in Gymnogramme.
TAB. 6. /. 49.

1. J. imbricatay H. & G. ; rhizome woody, creeping, black, tortuose ; st. wiry,
ebeneous, slender, 3-4 in. 1. ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., 2-3 lin. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce
close, roundish, often spreading horizontally, the edge much incurved ; texture
coriaceous ; rachis and under surface slightly villose. — Ic. t. 178. — /3, J. canescens,
Kze., habit stouter, the long, silky, yellowish-brown hairs of the upper part of
the frond often so dense that they quite hide the pinnse.— -y, J. verticalis, Kze. ;
st. 1 ft. 1., rigid, wiry ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., f in. br. ; pinnce oblong-deltoid, 3 lin. 1.,

3 A

370 50. NOTHOCHKdENA, § EUNOTHOCHLvENA.

2 lin. br. ; tomentum of the rachis very short, and the pinnce naked. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 105.

Hab. Andes, from New Granada southward to Peru. — Mettenius admits our three
varieties as species, and also /. scalaris, Kze., and /. rotundifolia, Fe'e, the latter a
robust plant, most like y, but with closer and rounder pinnae.

GEN. 50. NoTHOCHLJENA, R. Br.

Sori marginal, at first oblong or roundish, soon confluent into a continuous
marginal line, without a distinct involucre, but with the edge of the frond fre-
quently inflexed. Veins free in all the species. A small widely-dispersed genus,
differing from Cheilanthes only by the absence of a distinct involucre, and connected
with it by gradual intermediate stages. TAB. 6. /. 50.

§ Eunothochlsena. Fronds not farinose beneath. Sp. 1-16.
* Fronds densely matted beneath ; stems robust. Sp. 1-11.

1. N. Rawsoni, Pappe ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales dense, ad-
pressed, linear, black in the centre and ferruginous towards the edge ; st. 3-4
in. 1., wiry, erect, naked, dark chesnut-brown ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., \ in. br., simply
pinnate ; pinnce in distant pairs, nearly as broad as long, deeply pinnatifid ;
texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface pale-green, naked, lower densely matted
with ferruginous tomentum ; sori black, the edge not inflexed. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 110.

Hab. Namaqua-land, Eev. Mr. WJiitehead.

2. N. sinuata, Kaulf. ; rhizome very thick, densely clothed with linear bright
ferruginous scales and bearing bulbs ; st. subtufted, 2-4 in. 1., firm, erect, chesnut-
brown, matted ;fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 1-2 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce short-stalked, |-1
in.l., j-^in. br., ovate or oblong, varying from* entire to deeply pinnatifid ; texture
thick, coriaceous ; upper surface green and slightly villose ; lower surface and
rachis densely coated with small linear ferruginous scales ; edge slightly inflexed.
—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 108. Bot. Mag. t. 4699.

Hab. New Mexico, along the Andes to Chili.

3. N '. ferruginea, Hk. ; rhizome thick, bearing bulblike scaly buds, the scales
very dense, fibriilose, dark-brown ; st. subtufted, 2-4 in. 1., wiry, erect, black,
slightly matted ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., ^-1 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce sessile, ^-J
in. 1., ovate, deeply pinnatifid, with blunt lobes ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface
pale-green, villose, lower densely matted with ferruginous or nearly white tomen-
tum ; edge inflexed, slightly membranous ; sori black. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 108. 2nd
Cent. t. 52.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico, along the Andes to Chili. — This and the two preceding
may be distinguished from the rest of the group by having even the lower pinnae pinnatifid
only.

4. N. lanuginosa, Desv. ; st. densely tufted, woolly, wiry, very short ; fr. 6-9
in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., oblong-lanceolate, bipinnate ; 'pinnce close, lanceolate, the
central ones the largest, with close, roundish or oblong, entire or 3-lobed pinnl. ;
texture herbaceous but thick ; both sides, especially the lower one, coated with
whitish or subferruginous tomentum ; rachis bright chesnut-brown, more or less
woolly.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 119.

Hab. South Europe, from Spain to Syria, Greece, Madeira, Teneriffe, Cape Verde
Isles, Algiers, Temperate and Tropical Australia. — Distinguished from the rest by its
dense white woolly tomentum.

50. NOTHOCHL^NA, § EUNOTHOCHL^ENA. 371

5. N. Brackenridgii, Baker ; rhizome thick, clothed with lanceolate ferruginous
scales ; st. 3-4 in. 1., chesnut-brown, glossy, nearly naked ; fr. 4-5 in. 1., oblong-
lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; lower pinnce distant, stalked, oblong-deltoid, cut down
to the rachis into oblong-deltoid pinnl. with rounded lobes ; texture thick, cori-
aceous ; upper surface dark-green, nearly naked ; lower and rachis densely
clothed with small, linear, dark chesnut-brown scales. — N. sinuata, Brack, p. 12
(non Kaulf.).

Hab. Peru, Brackenrldge.

6. N. incequalis, Kze. ; rhizome stout, the scales long, dense, fibrillose, bright-
ferruginous ; st. 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect, naked, stout, ebeneous ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 2-3
in. br., lanceolate or subdeltoid, tripinnatifid ; upper pinnce, lanceolate, lower
deltoid, with blunt lanceolate pinnatifid pinnl. ; texture thick ; both surfaces
densely coated with ferruginous woolly tomentum ; the rachis nearly naked. —
Hk.Sp. 5. p. 118.

Hab. Macalisberg, near Natal, Burlce; Angola, Welwitzsch, 147, 197. — A larger plant
than the last, almost as woolly, but the tomentum brown.

7. N. Aschenhorniana, Kze. ; st. tufted, 2-3 in. 1., wiry, ebeneous, densely scaly ;
fr. 8-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pinnce lanceolate, 1-1^
in. 1., § in. br., cut down to the rachis into linear-oblong crenate or pinnatifid
pinnl. ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface pale-green and slightly hispid, lower
densely matted with linear, ciliated, bright-ferruginous scales, beneath which it
is subfarinose ; sori black, the edge not inflexed. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 117. t. 287* B.

Hab. Mexico. — This and the next three are very near to one another.

8. N. squamosa, Baker ; st. tufted, 1-4 in. 1., densely clothed with ovate-acu-
minate pale-brown scales ; fr. 3-4 in. 1., 1 in. or more br., ovate-lanceolate,
bipinnate ; pinnce opposite, the lowest | in. 1., % in. br., ovate, blunt, cut down to
the rachis below into several linear-oblong pinnl. ; texture thick, subcoriaceous ;
rachis and under surface densely covered with ovate- or lanceolate-acuminate
ciliated ferruginous scales ; sori brownish, the edge subscariose. — Cheil. Hk. Sp. 2.
p. 82. H. & G. t. 151.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala to Peru and the Argentine territory. — Probably this is
N. peruviana, Desv., and if so, that name is the oldest. Mettenius distinguishes from
this C. brachypus, Kze. (Nothochlcena, J. Sm.), by its shorter stem, and the presence of
long flaccid hairs as well as scales on the under surface.

9. N. Marantce, R. Br. ; rhizome woody, the scales dense, fibrillose, bright-fer-
ruginous ; st. strong, wiry, 3-6 in. 1., more or less matted ; fr. 4-12 in. 1., 1^-3
in. br., oblong-lanceolate, bipinnate ; pinnce lanceolate, cut down to the rachis
into close, oblong, entire pinnl. 1 lin. br. ; texture thick, coriaceous ; upper surface
pale-green, naked, lower and rachis densely coated with lanceolate, bright-ferru-
ginous scales. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 120.

Hab. Himalayas (up to 15,000 ft.), Syria, and Tauria, to Ardeche and Portugal ;
Barbary States, Abyssinia, Azores, Madeira, Canaries, Cape Verde Isles.

10. N. JEcHoniana, Kunze ; rhizome woody, the scales lanceolate, dense, bright-
ferruginous ; st. 3-6 in. 1., strong, erect, scaly ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., bi-
tripinnatifid ; upper pinnce close, the lower ones subdistant, deltoid ; pinnl. close,
lanceolate, pinnatifid or pinnate, with short, oblong segm. ; tenure thick, cori-
aceous ; upper surface pale-green, lower and rachis densely clothed with bright-
ferruginous scales. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 116.

Hab. Cape Colony and Natal. — Usually more divided than the last, but very doubt-
fully distinct.

372 50. NOTHOCHI^ENA, § EUNOTHOCHL^ENA.

11. N. mottis, Kunze ; rhizome woolly, very thick, the scales fibrillose, black ;
st. 2-3 in. 1., strong, erect, matted ; fr. 8-12 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., tripinnate ; upper
pinnae close, the lower ones distant, lanceolate, with a very thick rachis, and often
upcurled ; the segm. small, roundish ; texture thick, rigid ; upper surface dark-
green, naked, lower and rachises woolly, with close thick short subferruginous
tomentum.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 120.

Hab. Chili and Andes of Guatemala. — A well-marked species, more rigid and robust
than any of the preceding, with dense woolly tomentum beneath.

** Fronds thinner in texture, and not so much matted ; stems slender.
Sp. 12-19.

12. N. fragilis, Hk. ; st. 3-4 in. 1., very slender, wiry, naked, glossy, dark
chesnut-brown ; fr. 1^-3 in. each way, deltoid ; lower pinnae much the largest,
deltoid, with the lowest pinnl. pinnate, with oblong pinnatifid segm. ^-± lin. br. ;
texture herbaceous ; both surfaces rather densely coated with grey spreading hairs ;
sori small, the edge slightly recurved. — HJc. Sp. 5. p. 114. t. 287. A.

Hab. Arnhems-land, Tropical Australia, Dr. Mueller.

13. N. hirsuta, Desv. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., glossy, dark chesnut-brown, slightly
villose ; fr. 6-8 in. 1., l|-3 in. br., lanceolate-oblong, tri- or quadripinnatifid ;
lower pinnae \-\\ in. apart, subdeltoid, with lanceolate pinnl. and oblong blunt
entire or slightly-lobed segm. 1-2 lin. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis, and espe-
cially the under side, finely villose and glandular; sori brown.— Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 116.

Hab. Hong-Kong and Polynesian Islands. — The Philippine N. densa, J. Sm., is pro-
bably a less-divided form. In habit this closely resembles Cheilanthes tenuifolia, to which
N. midiuscula, gldbra, and semigldbra of Sp. Fil. must probably be referred.

14. N. distans, R. Br. ; st. densely tufted, 1-3 in. ]., castaneous, wiry, clothed
with ferruginous linear scales ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., f-1 in. br., bipinnate ; lower pinnce
distant, deltoid, cut down to the rachis into oblong obtuse entire or slightly-lobed
pinnl. ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface pale-green and slightly villose, lower
surface and rachis more or less densely coated with long linear ferruginous
scales ; pinnce often much curled together, and the edge incurved. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 114. 2nd Cent. t. 80.

Hab. Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia.

15. N. hypoleuca, Kunze ; rhizome bulbiferous, the scales rigid, fibrillose, dark-
brown ; st. tufted, slender, 2-4 in. 1., dark chesnut-brown ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., f-1
in. br., bipinnatifid ; pinnce |-| in. 1., £-§ in. br., ovate, cut down nearly or
quite to the rachis below into blunt lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface
nearly naked, pale-green, lower densely matted with white or slightly ferruginous
tomentum ; edge slightly inflexed. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 110.

Hab. Chili. — This is the most matted of any of the group, but the stem is almost or
very nearly naked.

16. N. Pohliana, Kunze ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., slender, wiry, naked, ebeneous ;
fr. 3-4 in. 1., \\ in. br., lanceolate, bipinnate ; pinnce in numerous pairs, the

lowest the largest, lanceolate, with several sessile oblong crenated pinnl. ; texture
subcoriaceous ; both surfaces, especially the lower one, with long silky hairs ;
rachis ebeneous ; sori brown. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 118. t. 286. B.

Hab. Brazil, Pohl, Gardner.

17. N. eriophora, Fee ; st. tufted, wiry, 3-4 in. 1., slender, dark chesnut-brown,
more or less villose ; fr. 2-3 in. each way, deltoid, with 3-4 blunt linear-oblong

50. NOTHOCHL^ENA, §§ CINCINALIS. 373

entire lobes on each side, the lowest pair much the largest, deeply pinnatifid on
the lower side ; texture very thick ; under surface densely matted with yellowish-
brown tomentum ; veinlets forked ; sori copious, marginal. — Polypodium, Hk.
Sp. 4. p. 229. Ic. t. 991.

Hab. South Brazil, Gardner, 2390. — A very distinct species, with the habit of
Doryopteris.

18. N. Buchanani, Baker ; st. tufted, slender, villose, bright chesnut-brown,
3-4 in. 1. ; fr. 1^-2 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., subdeltoid, with 2-3 pairs of distinct pinnce
below the deeply-pinnatifid apex, the lowest much the largest, cut down to the
rachis at the base into oblong blunt repand pinnl., that on the lower side j-f
in. 1. ; texture herbaceous; rachis and both sides densely clothed with spreading
whitish or ferruginous hairs ; sori copious, brownish, quite marginal.

Hab. Natal, Buchanan and McKen, 32. — This is very like the last in outline, but is
more deeply divided, not so thick in texture, and though very hairy, yet not matted.

19. N. tenera, Gill. ; st. densely tufted, 4-6 in. 1., chesnut-brown, naked, glossy ;
fr. 3-6 in. 1., l-|-2 in. br., ovate, tripinnate ; pinnae distant, the lower ones deltoid ;
thepinnl. long-stalked, with blunt oblong segtn. ^-1 lin.br. ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachises rigid ; both surfaces naked ; sori brown. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 112. Bot. Mag.
t. 3055.

Hab. Chili and Andes of Bolivia. — Very doubtfully distinct from 2V. nivea, from which
it differs only by being without white powder beneath.

§§ Cincinalis, Desv. Fronds coated beneath with white or yellow powder.

Sp. 20-27.

20. N. (Cine.) trichomanoides, R. Br. ; rhizome thick, bulbiferous, the scales
black, fibrillose ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., firm, erect, chesnut-brown, slightly scaly ;
fr. 6-12 in. 1., f-l^r in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce sessile, ovate-oblong, blunt,
pinnatifid, with blunt lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface pale-green,
nearly naked, lower clothed with white powder and fine ferruginous woolly hairs,
the edge inflexed.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 109.

Hab. Jamaica and Cuba. — Differs from all the following by being tomentose as well as
farinose, and sometimes the powder is quite hidden beneath the tomentum.

21. N. (Cine.) o^m's, Hk. ; st. tufted, 2-3 in. 1., wiry, glossy, naked, nearly
black \fr. 4-5 in. 1., f-J in. br., bipinnatifid ; pinnce short-stalked, deltoid-oblong,
§ in. 1., \ in. br., deeply pinnatifid, with close entire lobes, the lower ones distant
and dwindling down gradually ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface and ebe-
neous rachis naked, lower densely matted with sulphur-coloured meal ; sori
marginal, brownish. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 109.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.— Our description is taken from a set of specimens
gathered by Messrs. Salvin and Godman, and does not entirely agree with that of Mette-
nius. In habit our plant agrees with the preceding, but is perfectly without tomentum.
Specimens from Cuba (C. Wright, 1075-6) are very similar, but are rather more slender,
and the farina is pure- white.

22. N. (Cine.) sulphurea, J. Sm. ; rhizome creeping, the scales dense, rigid,
linear, nearly black ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., ebeneous, wiry, naked ; fr. 2-3 in. each
way, deltoid ; upper pinnce simple, central ones lanceolate, cut down to the rachia
at the base into oblong lobes ; lowest pair with the lowest pinnl. much prolonged,
| in. or more L, pinnatifid or pinnate ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface
naked, pale-green, lower coated with white or yellow powder, the ribs ebeneous ;
sori black. — Pteris, Gav. Cheil. pulveracea, Hk. Sp. 2. p. 78. N. Candida, HTct
Sp. 5. p. 111.

374 51. MONOGRAMME.

Hab. California and New Mexico along the Andes. — We include here four species of
Mettenius. His C. Borsigiana, Reich., has the pinnse very close, and the lower pair much
larger than the others, with the powder bright-yellow. From this C. cretacea seems to
differ only by its white powder, and there are various intermediate stages. In C. Candida
and monosticka the pinnae are not so close and less unequal, the powder being white in the
first and yellowish in the latter.

23. N. (Cine.) flavens, Moore ; st. densely tufted, 4-8 in. 1., glossy, naked,
chesnut-brown ; fr. 4-9 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., oblong-deltoid, tripinnate ; pinnae dis-
tant, the lower ones deltoid ; the pinnl. stalked, with oblong segm. \-l\ lin. br. ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachises wiry, castaneous ; upper surface naked, lower
densely coated with bright-yellow powder ; sori brown, extending from the edge
nearly to the midrib. — Gymnogramme, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 146. FiL Ex. t. 47.

Hab. Central America. — Habit of the next, but the powder bright-yellow, and the sori
in a broader band.

24. N. (Cine.) nivea, Desv. ; st. densely tufted, 4-6 in. 1., chesnut-brown, naked,
glossy, the scales linear, bright-ferruginous ; fr. 3-6 in. 1., 1 J-2 in. br., ovate,
tripinnate ; pinnae, distant, the lower ones deltoid ; the pinnl. long-stalked, with
blunt oblong or roundish terminal segm. 1-2 lin. 1., \-l lin. br. ; texture subcori-
aceous ; rachises wiry, glossy, castaneous ; upper surface naked, pale-green,
lower coated with pure- white powder ; sori brown.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 111.

Hab. Andes, from Mexico to Peru. — N. Hookeri, Lowe, t. 13, is a form known only in
cultivation, with close dilated segments and sessile pinnules.

25. N. (Cine.) chilensis, Hk. ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., stout, glossy, chesnut-brown,
nearly naked ; fr. 3-4 in. 1., 2 in. br., ovate, tripinnate ; pinnae distant, the lower
ones deltoid ; pinnl. sessile, deltoid ; the lower segm. linear-oblong, ± in. 1., some-
times pinnatifid ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises polished ; upper surface naked,
pale-green, lower densely coated with white powder ; sori brown. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 112. t. 286. A.

Hab. Juan Fernandez. — Probably this should be joined with the last.

26. N. (Cine.) dealbata, Kunze ; st. densely tufted, 4-6 in. 1., slender, wiry,
chesnut-brown, the scales linear, ferruginous ; fr. 3-4 in. each way, deltoid, tri-
pinnate ; pinnae distant, the lower deltoid ; the lowest pinnl. deltoid ; lobes oblong,
obtuse, 1 lin. or less 1. by half as broad ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises slender,
castaneous ; upper surface naked, pale-green, lower coated with pure- white powder.
— Hk.Sp. 6. p. 113.

Hab. Missouri. — Very near N. nivea, but more slender, with closer and more numerous
pinnae and smaller lobes.

27. N. (Cine.) Fendleri, Kunze ; st. densely tufted, 2-3 in. ]., wiry, chesnut-
brown, naked, the scales linear, bright-ferruginous ; fr. 2-3 in. each way, deltoid,
tripinnate ; all the rachises very zigzag ; pinnae., pinnl., and segm. all stalked,
deltoid ; lobes close, oblong, blunt, not more than 1 lin. 1. by half as broad ; tex-
ture subcoriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower with fine white powder. — Hk.
Sp. 5. p. 113.

Hab. New Mexico, Fendler, 1017a. — Yery near the last, from which it differs principally
by its very zigzag rachises.

GEN. 61. MONOGRAMME, Schk.

Sori linear, close to the midrib on one or both sides. Small grass- or rush-like
plants, the simplest in structure of all the Ferns.

51. MONOGRAMME, § EUMONOGRAMME, §§ PLEUROGRAMME. 375

§ Eumonogramme. Frond with a central vein only. Sp. 1 7.

1. M. darececarpa, Hk. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; scales linear ; fr. f-1
in. 1., -| lin. br. upwards, narrowed gradually downwards into a short slender
stem ; texture subcoriaceous ; sori sunk in a deep cleft on one side of the midrib,
the wing which covers it reaching nearly to the edge. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 121.
t. 287. A.

Hab. Labuan, Borneo, Barler.

2. M. graminea, Schk. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, clothed with squarrose
fibrillose brown scales ; fr. 1-2 in. 1., |- lin. br., flaccid, grass-like ; the costa
indistinct ; the sori in a line 2-3 lin, 1. near the apex, where the edges are incurved.
M. linearis, Klf. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 122.

Hab. Cape Colony, Mauritius, and Bourbon.

3. M. subfalcata, Hk. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; fr. 1 in. 1., ^ lin. br.
towards the point, tapering gradually downwards into an indistinct stem ; texture
subcoriaceous ; sori sunk in an unequal-sided longitudinal furrow, extending
about | in. from the apex. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 122. t. 219. A.

Hab. New Hebrides, O. Moore.

4. M. trichoidea, J. Sm. ; rhizome very slender ; fr. 3-4 in. 1., densely csespitose,
threadlike, the fertile one dilated in two or three places for a space of J in., and
there bearing the sori in a longitudinal furrow, with a high raised edge on both
sides.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 123. Vaginularia, Fee.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 160.

5. M. rostrata, Hk. ; fr. densely csespitose, 3-4 in. 1., 1 lin. br., tapering to the
point and gradually downwards into an indistinct stem ; texture coriaceous ; the
surface naked ; the midrib very distinct ; the sori quite sunk in a longitudinal
furrow 1-2 in. 1.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 122. t. 287. B.

Hab. Nicaragua, C. Wright.

6. M. Junghuhnii, Hk. ; rhizome slender ; fr. densely csespitose, grass-like,
flaccid, 6-12 in. 1., J-| lin. br. ; texture herbaceous ; sori deeply sunk in a furrow
on one, or, according to Brackenridge, on both sides of the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 123. t. 289. B. Diclidopteris angustissima, Brack.

Hab. Ceylon, Java, Philippines, and Polynesian Islands.

7. M. graminoides, Baker ; fr. tufted, |-1| in. 1., \-\ lin. br., simple or once
dichotomously forked, narrowed below to an indistinct stem ; texture coriaceous ;
midrib prominent ; sorus linear-oblong, arising from the midrib near the dilated
point ; the edge scarcely incurved. — Grammitis, Sw. M. furcata, Desv.9 Hk.
Sp. 5. p. 121. Cochlidium, Kaulf.

Hab. Jamaica, Brazil, St. Helena, and reported from Chili by C. Gay.

§§ Pleurogramme, Fee. Fronds with indistinct simple lateral veins in addition
to the midrib. Sp. 8-9.

8. M. (Pleur.) seminuda, Baker ; fr. csespitose, 4-8 in. 1., l|-2 lin. br., tapering
downwards into an indistinct stem ; texture coriaceous, rigid ; veins simple,
oblique, not reaching the edge ; sori not sunk in a cavity, originating as 2 rows
close to the midrib, which are ultimately confluent, covering the whole of the

376 52. GYMNOGRAMME, § LEPTOGRAMME.

r part of the frond, the edges of which are more or less inflexed. — Blechnum,
M. graminifolia, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 124.

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala to South Brazil.

9. M. (Pleur.) immersa, Fee ; fr. csespitose, 2-3 in. 1., 1^ lin. br., tapering
downwards into an indistinct stem ; habit and veins of the preceding, but the
sori sunk in a deep central longitudinal cavity, and in all our specimens confined
to the central third of the triquetrous frond. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 125.

Hab. Cuba, Venezuela, and Guiana. — P. myrtillifolia, ~F6e, supposed to be from
Mexico, has a subspathulate frond 7-8 lin. 1., with the short sorus in a depression near
the point.

GEN. 52. GYMNOGRA.MME, Desv.

Sori arising from the veins over the under surface of the frond, linear or linear-
oblong, simple or forked. A considerable genus, principally tropical, including
plants of very various habit and venation. TAB. 6. f. 52.

Series 1. Habit and mode of growth of Aspidiece. Sori oblong or linear-
oblong, not forked. Sp. 1-13.

§ Leptogramme, J. Sm. Veins free. Differs from Euphegopteris only by its
elongated sori. Sp. 1-11.

* Frond bipinnatifid. Sp. 1-9.

1. G. (Lept.) pilosa, Mart. & Gal. ; st. 3-4 in. 1., slender, villose, scaly at the
base ; fr. 6-8 in. 1., If -2 in. br., lanceolate ; pinnae lanceolate, 1 in. 1., f in. br.,
the lower ones slightly bluntly lobed, the lowest scarcely reduced ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis and both sides pilose ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with
3 simple veinlets on a side ; sori irregular. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 141.

Hab. Mexico. — A doubtful plant ; perhaps a small slender form of G. diplazioides,
more hairy than usual.

2. G. (Lept.) asplenioides, Kaulf. ; caud. stout, suberect ; st. tufted, 2-6 in. 1.,
villose, and the lower part scaly ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., bipinnatifid ; pinnae
l|-2 in. 1., J-£ in. br., horizontal, sessile, linear, varying from subentire to cut
more than halfway down to the rachis in the lower part, the lowest lobe on the
upper side produced and the lower side rather truncate ; rachis and both sides
slightly pubescent ; texture firm-herbaceous ; veinlets slightly pinnate in the
lobes ; sori oblong. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 132.

Hab. Panama to Peru and S. Brazil.

3. G. (Lept.) Totta, Schlecht ; rhizome decumbent ; st. subtufted, 6-12 in. 1.,
slightly scaly below ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-10 in. br., bipinnatifid ; pinnce lan-
ceolate, 3-5 in. 1., f-1 in. br., with blunt entire lobes lf-2 lin. br., which reach
about halfway down ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides finely villose ;
veinlets pinnate in the lobes, with 5-6 veinlets on a side, with the linear-oblong
sori medial.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 138. G. Lowei, Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 138.

Hab. Cape Colony, Guinea Coast, Madeira, Azores, Abyssinia, Himalayas, Neilgherries,
Ceylon, Java, Japan, Hong-Kong, Corea.

4. G. (Lept.) villosa, Link ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, stramineous, densely clothed
with soft spreading greyish hairs ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-10 in. br., bipinnatifid ;
pinnce 3-5 in. 1., ^ in. br., cut more than halfway down into subfalcate entire
lobes 2 lin. br., the lower ones not reduced, narrowed at the base ; texture

52. GYMNOGRAMME, § LEPTOGRAMME. 377

herbaceous ; rachis and both sides densely villose ; veins pinnate in the lobes,
with 8-10 simple veinlets on a side, the sori in the lower part of each.

Hab. Brazil.

5. G. (Lept.) polypodioides, Spreng. ; rhizome creeping ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm,

glossy, naked ; fr. 1 ft. 1., 6-0 in. br., bipinnatifid ; pinnae lanceolate, 3-5 in. 1.,

1 in. br., cut two-thirds of the way down into entire falcate lobes £ in. br., the
lower ones not reduced and with an entire wing at the base ; texture herbaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 8-10 simple veinlets
on a side, with the linear-oblong sori down the centre of each. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 140.

Hab. Brazil.

6. G. (Lept.) diplazioides, Desv. ; st. tufted, 3-4 in, 1., glossy, scaly below ;
fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br., bipinnatifid ; central pinnce 3-4 in. 1., f~£ in. br., cut
half to two-thirds of the way down into blunt entire lobes 2 lin. br., the lower
pinnae reduced gradually ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked or
slightly pilose ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 6-9 simple veinlets on a side, the
sori oblong, often reaching nearly from the midrib to the edge. — G. Lmkiana,
Kze. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 140. G. rupestris, Kze. Hk. I. c.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Peru and South Brazil. — Pheg. Duchassagniana, F^e
Mem. 11-12. t. 14, must probably be ^ferred here.

7. G. (Lept.) grandis, Baker ; st. tufted, l|-2 ft. 1., strong, naked, scaly only
at the very base ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 1^-2 ft. br., bipinnatifid ; pinnce 8-12 in. 1.,
1^ in. br., cut three-quarters of the way down to the rachis into oblong falcate
finely serrated lobes 3-4 lin. br. ; lowest pinnce not reduced ; texture subcoria-
ceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with about
12 simple veinlets on a side ; sori linear, close to the midrib.

Hab. Andes of Columbia, Holton 29, Linden 540 ; Ecuador, Spruce 5286.

8. G. (Lept.) gracilis, Heward ; st. 2-4 in. 1., glossy, scaly ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 1 ft.
or more br., bipinnatifid ; central pinnce 4-8 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., cut down very
nearly to the rachis throughout into entire slightly falcate lobes 1^-2 lin. br.,
the lower pinnae distant and dwindling down very gradually ; texture herbaceous
or subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with
10-15 veinlets on a side ; sori nearer the edge than the midrib. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 139. t. 292. — /3, G. consimilis, Fe'e ; fr. smaller ; texture herbaceous ; veinlets
(5-8 on a side.

Hab. Jamaica ; /3, Guadeloupe, L'lTerminier.

9. G. (Lept.) aurita, Hk. ; rhizome creeping; st. 1 ft. 1., naked, glossy,
chesnut-brown ; fr. 1|~2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. bi%, bipinnatifid or bipinnate ; pinnce in
distant pairs, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into lanceolate entire or
crenate lobes, the lowest on one or both sides longer than the rest and pinnatifid ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis glossy, castaneous ; both sides naked ; veinlets
forked ; sori oblong, sometimes produced on both forks. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 141.
2nd Cent. £..74.

Hab. North India, up to 6,000 ft.— This has altogether the habit and texture of Poly*
podium dislans.

** Frond tripinnatifid. Sp. 10-11.

10. G. (L?pt.) decurrenti-alata^ Hk. ; st. 18 in. 1., brown, weak, slightly scaly
downwards ; fr. 18 in. 1., 1 ft. br., subdeltoid ; lower pinnce the largest, lan-
ceolate, 6 in. 1.. 2 iii. br., cut down to the rachis below into oblong bluntly lobed

3 B

378 52. GYMNOGRAMME, §§ DIGRAMMARIA — §§§§ EUGYMNOGRAMME.

pinnl. ; texture herbaceous ; colour deep-green ; rachis and both sides naked ;
veins pinnate in the lobes of the pinnl., with the sori near the main veins. — Hk.
Sp. 5. p. 142. t. 294.

Hab. Japan, Oldham, 374.

11. G. (Lept.) opaca, Spreng. ; st. l|-2 ft. 1., strong, stramineous, glossy ; fr.
several ft. 1., often 2 ft. br. ; lower pinna often 1 ft. 1., 6 in. br. ; pinnl. close,
lanceolate, cut down nearly to the rachis below into close oblong, slightly-
toothed lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veinlets forked ;
sori oblong, irregular, close to the midrib. — G. obtusata, Bl. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 143.

Hab. North India and Java.

§§ Digrammaria, Presl. Main veins and lower ones of the same group forming
costular areolce, as in Pleocnemia. Sp. 12.

12. G. (Digram.) ambigua, Hk. ; st. slender, nearly naked ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1.,
1 ft. br., oblong-deltoid, bipinnatifid ; pinnae lanceolate, 5-6 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br.,
the lower ones slightly stalked, cut halfway down to the rachis or more into
linear-oblong lobes, the fertile ones contracted ; texture thinly herbaceous ; colour
dark-green ; rachis and both sides thinly clothed with long jointed hairs ;
veinlets of the lobes often forked, the lower ones forming costular areolae ; sori
oblong, confluent when the veins fork. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 150. Heterogonium
aspidioides, Presl.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 154-321.

§§§ Stegnogramme, Blume. Veinlets of contiguous groups uniting as in Eu-
nephr odium and Goniopteris. Sp. 13.

13. G. (Steg.) aspidioides, Hk. (non Kaulf.) ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., deciduously
villose ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-10 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, simply pinnate ; pinnae
lanceolate, 3-5 in. L, f-lj in. br., bluntly lobed a quarter or third of the way
down to the midrib, truncate at the base ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both
sides more or less villose ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 6-9 veinlets on a side.
—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 150. 2nd Cent. t. 50.

Hab. Khasya, Ceylon, and Java. — The East Indian is less villose than the Malayan
plant, with narrower pinnae and fewer veins, and is S. asplenioides, J. Sm.

Series 2. Habit and mode of growth of Cheilanthes. Sori linear, usually
forked. Sp. 14-57.

§§§§ Eugymnogramme. Veins free, under surface not powdery. Sp. 14-50.
Fig. 52 a.

* Frond simple. Sp. 14-16.

14. G. reniformis, Mart. ; st. densely tufted, 1-2 in. 1., wiry, ebeneous ; fr.
1-1 ^ in. each way, the outer edge round, faintly crenated ; texture coriaceous;
veins flabellate ; sori simple, linear, at last forming a broad line parallel with the
outer edge g in. within it. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 126. 2nd Cent. t. 9. Pterozonium,

Fee.

Hab. Brazil and Peru.

15. G. marginata, Mett. ; Jr. simple, ligulate-oblong, 8-16 in. 1., f-1^ in. br.,
narrowed towards both ends, at the base gradually into a short stem, the edge
slightly repand ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins prominent, usually
forked ; sori linear. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 127.

Hab. New Caledonia, Vieillard, 1642. — A very distinct plant, with the habit of
Thamnopteris.

52. GYMNOGRAMME, §§§§ EUGYMNOGRAMME. 379

16. G. pumila, Spreng ; rMzome filiform; fr. tufted, 1^-2 in. L, palmately
forked at the apex, the ultimate lobes narrow and acute, the blade narrowed
below to an indistinct stem ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface dark-green
and glossy ; veins flabellate ; son linear, irregular. — Hk. Sp. 6. p. 126. Hecis-
topteris, J. Sm.

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala to the Amazon Valley.

** Frond simply pinnate. Sp. 17-19.

17. G. Muelleri, Hk. ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., wiry, densely clothed with small
linear ferruginous scales ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce
sessile, alternate, roundish or oblong, sometimes f in. 1., ^ in. br., entire or the
lower ones auric-led ; texture thick, coriaceous ; racMs and under surface densely
matted with scales like those of the stem, upper surface pale-green, with scattered
scales ; veins flabellate ; sori linear. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 143. t. 295.

Hab. N. E. Australia ; and gathered lately in Queensland by Mr. Hill.

18. G. vestita, Hk. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., wiry, more or less matted, the scales
at the base densely tufted, silky, bright-ferruginous ; fr. 6-12 in. L, 1-1^ in. br.,
simply pinnate ; pinnce in distant pairs, oblong or cordate-ovate, entire, bluntish,
the lower ones distinctly stalked ; texture thick, but flaccid ; both sides and
rachis densely coated with fine velvety ferruginous hairs ; veins flabellate ; sori
forked.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 143. Ic. t. 115.

Hab. N. W. Himalayas (up to 8,000 ft.) and Pekin. — Veins sometimes anastomosing
towards the edge.

19. G. rufa, Desv. ; st. tufted, 4-12 in. 1., firm, erect, chesnut-brown, clothed
with soft spreading hairs ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 3-5 in. br., simply pinnate; pinnce
distant, stalked, rounded or cordate at the base, 1-2^ in. 1., £-1 in. br., acute or
bluntish, the edge entire ; texture herbaceous ; castaneous rachis pilose, and both
sides slightly so ; veins close, forked, or the lower ones subpinnate, the narrow
sori running along all of them all over the surface. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 145. Neuro-
gramme, Link.

Hab. West Indies and Panama southward to the Amazon Valley and Peru.
*** Frond bipinnatifid or bipinnate. Sp. 20-35.

20. G. cordata, Schlecht ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., glossy, ebeneous, more or less
scaly ; fr. 3-6 in. 1., l|-2 in. br., ovate-lanceolate, bipinnatifid ; pinnce oblong,
with a broad centre and suborbicular deeply -toothed lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ;
veins flabellate ; upper surface naked, lower densely coated with ovate acuminate
ferruginous scales ; sori linear, ultimately subconfluent. — Hk. tip. 5. p. 131.

Hab. Cape Colony to Macalisberg and Angola. — The less-divided forms resemble
Asplenium Ceterach in habit.

21 . G. Pozoi, Kunze ; st. tufted, slender, clothed with soft brownish spreading
hairs ; fr. 2-3 in. 1., 1 in. br., ovate-oblong, bipinnatifid ; pinnce oblong-deltoid,
unequal-sided, J-§ in. each way, with a few deep blunt lobes, and obliquely
truncate at the base on the lower side ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both
sides clothed with long soft hairs like the stem ; veins flabellate ; sori linear. —
Hk. Ic. t. 935. Hemionitis, Lag. Grammitis hispanica, Cosson. — j3, G. rutcefolia9
Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 90 ; fr. larger and stouter, some of the hairs glandular. — Hk.
Sp. 5. p. 137. — y, G. papaverifolia, Kze. ; pinnce cut down to the rachis into
roundish or spathulate lobes, with a space between them, the lowest sometimes
slightly toothed.— Hk. Sp. 6. p. 138.

Hab. a, Spain ; /3, Australia and New Zealand ; y, Chili.

380 52. BYMXOGKAMME, §§§§ EUGYMNOGRAMME.

22. G. Andersoni, Beddome •, st. tufted, 1-2 in, 1., densely clothed with soft
golden hairs ; fr. 1-2 in. 1., ^ in. br., oblong, bipinnatifid, with a terminal pinna
and 4-5 lateral pairs, all sessile, roundish-oblong, bluntly lobed from J-J of the
way down to the-radiis ; texture thinly herbaceous ; rachis and surfaces clothed
with hairs like those of the stem ; veins fine, pinnate ; sori linear. — Beddome,
Fil. Brit. 2nd. 1. 190.

Hab. Kumaon, at 13,000 ft., Dr. Anderson.

23. G. tomentosa, Desv. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1,, firm, erect, chesnut-brown,
villose , fr. 6-12 in. 1., deltoid and bipinnate when fully developed ; upper pinnae
simple, stalked, rounded or cordate at the base, 1-2 in. 1., ^-1 in. br., entire or
lobed, lower pinnae 1-4 in. 1., with several similar pinnl. ; texture herbaceous ;
castaneous rachis pilose and both sides slightly so ; veins close, the sori running
along all of them all over the surface. — Ilk. Sp. 5. p. 144.

Hab. S. Brazil and Peru. — Habit of Q. rufa, but more divided. They resemble
Eemionitis in habit, but the sori are not at all reticulated.

24. G. angustifrons, Baker ; st. tufted, flexuose, 2-4 in. L, wiry, glossy, dark
chesnut-brown ; fr. 6-12 in. L, ^ in. br., ligulate, bipinnatifid, enrolled at the
point ; pinnce with usually a space between them, oblong-deltoid, j-§ in. 1.,
2-3 lin. br., with blunt rounded lobes, the lowest of which reach nearly or
quite down to the rachis ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides pilose ;
veins flabellate ; sori oblong. — G. elongata, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 135. (non Swartz).
Jamesonia, Fee.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador and Peru.

25. G. hirsutula, Mett. ; st. tufted, flexuose, 1-2 in. I., wiry, glossy, castaneous ;
fr. 1 ft. L, |-1 in. br., ligulate, bipinnatifid, not enrolled* at the point ; pinnae
close, spreading, ovate or ovate-oblong, cut down nearly to the rachis on each
side into 2-5 obovate-cuneate lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides
slightly hairy ; veins not reaching the edge. — Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 209.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig. — Differs from the preceding by being less hairy, and not
circinate at the point.

26. G. Karsteniij Mett. ; st. 2 in. L, wiry, glossy, castaneous ; fr. 1 ft. 1.,
\ in. br., ligulate, bipinnatifid, the apex enrolled ; pinnce numerous, lax,
spreading, stalked, ovate-rhomboidal, cuneate at the base, cut down nearly to
the rachis on each side into 1-3 obovate-cuneate lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides nearly naked ; veins seldom reaching the edge. — Mett. Fil.
Nov. Gran. p. 210.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig, 15a.

27. G. incisa, Mart. & Lind. ; st. tufted, wiry, 3-4 in. L, ebeneous, slightly
pilose ; fr. 3-4 in. 1., 1^ in. br., bipinnatifid ; pinnce close, lanceolate, cut down
to a broadly-winged centre into oblong entire or forked lobes ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis densely villose and both sides less so ; veins one to each lobe ;
sori linear-oblong. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 134.

Hab. New Granada, Linden, 1044.

28. G. mohriceformis, Mett. ; st. tufted, wiry, 3-4 in. 1., dark purplish-brown,
slightly villose ; fr. 2-3 in. 1., 1 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid, bipinnate ; lower
pinnce the largest, ^ in. 1., J-f in. br., cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into
orbicular crenate fobes ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both sides hispid ; veins
conspicuous, flabellate ; sori small, oblong. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 128.

Hab. Peru.

f>2. GYMNOGRAMME, §§§§ EUGYMNOGRAMME. 381

29. G. Ottonis, Klotzsch ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., glossy, wiry, ebeneous ; fr.
5-8 in. 1., 1 in. br., bipinnate ; pinnae distant, the lowest ^ in. 1., J in. br. ;
pinnl. suborbicular, entire or slightly cleft ; texture subcoriaceous ; racMa
eheneous ; both sides naked ; veins flabellate ; sori irregular/ of few capsules. —
m. Sp. 5. p. 128.

Hab. Venezuela, Otto, 630.

30. G. Lindigii, Mett. ; at. 1-4 in. 1., castaneous, hispid, glossy ; fr. 4-9 in. 1.,
^r-li in. br., flexuose, bipinnatifid or bipinnate ; pinnae T?-| in. L, ovate-oblong or
subdeltoid, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis on each side into 3-8 ovate-
rhoinboidal or roundish imbricated lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and
both sides hispid ; veins not reaching the edge. — Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 210.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig. — This and the six preceding are closely allied.

31. G. decipiens, Mett. ; st. subtufted, 6-9 in. L, wiry, dark chesnut-brown,
naked ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., deltoid, bipinnatifid ; pinnce imbricated,
stalked, the lowest the largest, 1-1^ in. 1., J- j in. br., lanceolate-deltoid, obliquely
truncate at the base below, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into cuneate
or oblong entire or toothed lobes ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both aides
naked ; veins flabellate ; sori linear, conspicuous. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 132. t. 291.

Hab. Aneiteum and New Caledonia. — Resembles A splenium marinum in habit.

32. G. ferruginea, Kze. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., stout and densely clothed with
ferruginous woolly tomentum ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 3-4 in. br., ovate-lanceolate,
bipinnate ; pinnce 2-3 in. L, -|-1 in. br., cut down to the rachis below into oblong
or linear-oblong entire or slightly toothed lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper
surface naked ; lower and rachis densely coated with tomentum ; veins flabellate ;
sori lax, simple or forked. — /3, G. lanata, Klotzsch ; less woolly beneath ; pinnl.
larger, and the lower ones bluntly lobed halfway down. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 130.

Hab. Peru ; and gathered also by Seeman in Panama.

33. G. Haughtoni, Hk. MSS. ; st. densely tufted, 1-2 in. 1., black, glossy ; fr.
3-4 in. 1., ]-l^ in. br., ovate-lanceolate, bipinnate ; pinnce close, the central ones
lanceolate-deltoid, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis below into suborbicular
irregularly crenated lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins flabellate ; colour dark-
green, only the lower surface slightly scaly ; sori oblong, thick, at last often
filling up nearly the whole surface.— G. cordata, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 131. (in part}.
2nd Cent. t. 7.

Hab. St. Helena. — Perhaps should be joined with G. cordata, from which it differs by
being more deeply cut and hardly at all scaly.

34. G. Hoolceri, J. Sm. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. L, firm, dark chesnut-brown,
glossy, clothed when young \vith ferruginous tomentum ; fr. 9-15 in. 1., 4-5 in.
br., oblong-lanceolate, bipinnate ; pinnce numerous, lanceolate, cut down to the
rachis into entire or slightly toothed linear-oblong pinnl., the longest J-§ in. L,
with enrolled edges and about their own breadth between them ; texture coria-
ceous ; upper surface and castaneous rachis naked ; lower clothed with ferru-
ginous tomentum.

Hab. Andes of New Granada, Purdie, Schlim 609, and Bolivia, Mandon '1547 '. —
Habit of G. ochracea, but the under surface and young stems coated with ferruginous
tomentum, and not powdery.

, j /Xt/t'/t'f* OCOOi.J.^> V/JL £7J.1£^ J.J.I/J. V O UCfcJ. tt. t- V* ^ *J ~ J 4J

«.. «A., vu.iuiig-.iauv.ciun,.,*, mc apex acuminate, the edge entire or finely
texture firm-herbaceous ; rachis stramineous, and both sides glossy,

382 52. GYMNOGRAMME, §§§§ EUGYMNOGRAMME.

sometimes slightly pubescent ; veins close, simple, or once forked, the sori
running along all of them, but stopping a space short of the edge. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 145. Coniogramme, Fee.

Hab. N. India (up to 8,000 ft.) and Japan to the Sandwich Isles, Fiji, Malayan Islands,
and Ceylon, Fernando Po, Cameroon Mountains, and St. Thomas, West Tropical Africa.
— We include here three species of Fde, C. serrulata, javanica, and serra, and Q. pilosa,
Brack., as a hairy form. Diplazium fraxineum, Don, appears to be the oldest name.

**** Frond tripinnatifid. Sp. 36-45.

36. G. Schomburgkiana, Kze. ; st. tufted, 6-9 in. 1., naked, glossy, dark
chesnut-brown, flexuose ; fr. 2-5 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., ovate-lanceolate, tripin-
natifid ; lower pinnce deltoid, cut down to the rachis into spathulate cleft or
pinnatifid pinnl.; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis wiry like the stem ; veins
flabellate ; upper surface with a few firm hairs on the veins ; sori irregular. —
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 127. 2nd Cent. t. 92.

Hab. British Guiana, Richd. SchomburgTc 1196, Appun 1091.

37. G. aureo-nitens, Hk. ; st. stout, densely clothed with deciduous dark-
ferruginous tomentum ; the rachis very flexuose and zigzag ; pinnae on stalks
£-1 in. 1., lanceolate-deltoid, the largest 4-6 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., cut down to the
rachis below into blunt irregular subdeltoid pinnl. with broad blunt lobes ;
texture thick ; under surface and rachis densely matted with bright ferruginous
tomentum ; sori hidden, elongated, simple or forked. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 130. Ic. t.
820. Eriosorus, Fee.

Hab. Peru. — A fragment from Ecuador resembles this in cutting and habit, but is much
less woolly, with naked ebeneous rachises.

38i G. Matthewsii, Hk. ; st. tufted, 4-6 in. 1., glossy, dark chesnut-brown,
clothed with deciduous dense brown hairs ; fr. 12-15 in. 1., 4-5 in. br., oblong-
lanceolate, tripinnatifid; lower pinnce distant, lanceolate-deltoid, 2 in. 1., 1 in.
br., cut down to the rachis below into oblong-deltoid blunt pinnl. with broad
rounded lobes, lowest pinnse distant and reduced ; texture coriaceous ; rachis
densely matted with brown hairs, and both sides pilose; veins conspicuous,
flabellate ; sori brown. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 128. t. 290.

.Hab. Peru, Matthews, 1814.

39. G. Warcewiczii, Mett. ; st. 6-8 in. 1., reddish, slightly hairy, at last naked ;
fr. 6-15 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pinnce 2£ in. 1., lax,

sessile or stalked, ovate -rhomboidal or ovate-oblong obtuse, cut down nearly or
below quite to the rachis into ovate- rhomboidal obtuse pinnatifid pinnl., lower
pinnse distant, reduced ; texture coriaceous, rigid ; upper surface naked, the
lower and reddish flexuose rachis slightly hairy : veins flabellate.— Mett. Fil.
Nov. Gran. p. 211.

Hab. New Granada.

40. G. cheilanthoides, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, 3-6 in. 1., wiry, slender, glossy, dark
chesnut-brown ; fr. 6-10 in. 1., 1 in. br., ligulate, tripinnatifid ; pinnce close,
deltoid, £ in. 1., nearly as broad, the upper lobes simple, linear-oblong, the lower
ones forked or trifid, the largest ult. divisions 1 lin. 1., J lin. br. ; texture
herbaceous, the glossy castaneous rachis and both sides slightly pilose ; veins
1 to each ult. division ; sori oblong. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 135. Hk. & Gr. Ic. t. 24.

Hab. Mauritius and Tristan d'Acunha.

41. G. fldbettata, Hk. ; st. 3-4 in. L, wiry, glossy, dark chesnut-brown ; fr.

52. GYMNOGRAMME, §§§§ EUGYMNOGRAMME. 383

8-12 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., elongate-oblong, tripinnatifid ; pinnce distant, alternate,
erecto-patent, 1-1 \ in. 1., |-f in. br., the lower pinnl. stalked, as broad as lonir,
cuneato-flabellate, deeply lobed, the lobes oblong, blunt ; texture herbaceous ;
both sides and the castaneous r acids pilose ; veins and sori one to each lobe, the
latter confluent in the centre of the pinnules. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 134.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson.

42. G. myriophyUa, Sw. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., reddish-brown, more or less villose ;
fr. 12-18 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pinnce distant, lan-
ceolate, 2-3 in. 1., 1 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into
suborbicular or oblong toothed or pinnatifid segm. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis
and both sides pubescent ; veins 1 to each ult. division ; sori oblong, confluent in
the centre of the segments. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 134.

Hab. Brazil.

43. G. pedata, Kaulf. ; rhizome creeping ; st. distant, 6-12 in. 1., fragile, glossy,
bright chesnut- brown ; fr. 4-6 in. each way, lower pinnce much the largest,
the upper ones lanceolate, with linear-oblong entire or slightly toothed lobes
^-f in. 1., J in. br. ; lowest pinnl. 1-2 in. 1., with similar divisions ; texture herba-
ceous ; upper surface slightly hispid, lower pubescent, especially on the midrib ;
sori confluent, forming an intramarginal band. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 131.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala. — Distinguished by its pedate habit.

44. G. leptophylla, Desv. ; st. 1 -4 in. 1., tufted, slender, glossy, chesnut-brown ;
fr. 2-4 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., ovate or deltoid, bi- or tripinnate, the barren ones
smaller and on shorter stems ; segm. cuneato-flabellate, cut from the circum-
ference to the centre into linear or oblong lobes | lin. br. ; texture pellucido-
herbaceous ; a single vein and line of fruit carried into each ult. lobe. — Hk. Sp.
5. p. 136. B. F. t. 1. Hk. $ Gr. t. 25.

Hab. Jersey and shores of the Mediterranean, Barbary States, Azores, Madeira, Cana-
ries, Abyssinia, Cape Colony, Persia, Neilgherries, New South Wales, Van Diemen's
Land, New Zealand, Andes of Mexico and Ecuador. — This and the two next are annual,
and form the genus Anogramma of Link.

45. G. Ascensionis, Hk. ; st. 1-2 in. 1., tufted, slender, almost filiform, greenish
or chesnut-brown ; fr. 2-3 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., deltoid, bi- or tripinnatifid ; lower
pinnce deltoid ; segm. rhomboidal, flabellately cut, the lobes short and rather
acute ; texture thin-herbaceous ; veins and linear sori 1 to each ult. lobe. — Hk.
Sp. 5. p. 137.— 2nd Cent. t. 67.

Hab. Ascension Island, Dr. Hooker, Dr. Curror. — This comes very near some of the
forms of the next species.

***** Fronds quadripinnatifid. Sp. 46-50.

46. G. ckasrophyUOi Desv. ; st. tufted, slender, 3-6 in. 1., green upwards,
chesnut-brown near the base ; fr. 3-6 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., ovate or deltoid, quadri-
pinnatifid ; lower pinnce and pinnl. deltoid ; segm. flabellately cut, the ult.
divisions short, oblong, subacute ; texture pellucido-herbaceous, a vein and sorus.
to each ult. division, the latter confluent in the centre of the segments. — Hk. Sp.
5. p. 131. Hk. $ Gr. t. 45.

Hab. Cuba and Guatemala to Buenos Ay res and Paraguay.

47. G. microphylla., Hk. ; st. densely tufted, 2-4 in. 1., slender, fragile, glossy,
chesnut-brown ; fr. 3^-3 in. 1., 1-1£ in. br., deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; pinnae
close, the lower ones deltoid ; pinnl. deltoid ; ult. divisions under 1 lin. 1., half as

384 52. GTMNOQRAMME, §§§§§ CEROPTEBIS.

broad ; texture pellucido-herbaceous ; veins and sori one to each tilt, division, the
latter oblong. — Hie. Sp. 5. p. 129. 2nd Cent. t. 35.

Hab. Khasya, Griffith. — Habit of the three preceding, but not annual.

48. G. hirta, Desv. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., glossy, dark chesnut-brown, slightly
pilose ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 4-8 in.br., ovate-deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnae
and pinnl. deltoid ; segm. J-£ in. each way, cuneato-flabellate, with blunt oblong
lobes ; texture firm-herbaceous ; racMs castaneous, often slightly flexuose, like
both sides more or less pilose ; veins and sori 1 to each lobe, the latter confluent
in the centre of the segments. — G. laserpitiifolia, Kze. Hk. /Sp. 5. p. 133.

Hab. Columbia. — Q. hispidula, Klotzsch (Jamesonia, Kze.), is apparently a reduced
form. G. glandulosa, Karst., differs from the type by being less divided and densely
glandular.

49. G. flexuosa, Desv. ; st. 6-18 in. 1., glossy, chesnut-brown, flexuose,
slender ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., scandent, tri- or quadripinnate ; rachises zigzag, branched ;
pinnce reflexed, subdeltoid in general outline ; segm. flabellately branched ; ult.
divisions linear or oblong, \ lin. br., with 1 vein and oblong sorus to each ;
texture firm-herbaceous.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 129. G. retrofracta, Hk. & Gr. Bot. Misc.
3. #..112.

Hab. Nicaragua to Peru.

50. G. Pearcii, Moore ; st. 6-9 in. 1., glossy, chesnut-brown ; fr. about 1 ft.
each way, deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lower pin?ice the largest, 4-6 in. L, sub-
deltoid ; pinnl. imbricated ; ult. divisions J in. L, ^ lin. br., simple or forked ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; one vein and sorus to each ult.
division.— Moore, G. O. 1864, p. 340.

Hab. Peru ; discovered by Mr. Pearce. — Allied to the preceding, but the divisions
much narrower, and rachis not flexuose. The crown of the root is slightly powdery.

§§§§§ Ceropteris, Link. Differs from Eugymnogramme only by the fronds
being coated beneath with white or yellow powder. Sp. 51-57.

51. G. (Cerop.) trifoliata, Desv. ; ^.tufted, 8-12 in. 1., stout, erect, dark chesnut-
brown, the lower part scaly ; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 6-8 in. br., pinnate ; lower pimice
ternate, the upper ones simple, petiolate, 2-4 in. L, £-f in. br., linear-oblong,
nearly entire ; texture herbaceous, the under side usually naked in the barren
fronds, clothed in the fertile ones with white or yellowish powder.— //£. Sp. 5.
p. 149. G. F. t. 4.

Hab. Cuba, southward to Peru and Brazil. — A variable plant. We include here three
species of Fe*e, — his Trismeria argentea, aurea, and microphyila.

62. G. (Cerop.) triangularis, Kaulf. ; st. densely tufted, 6-12 in. L, dark
chesnut-brown, glossy, nearly naked ; fr. 3-4 in. each way, deltoid ; lower
pinnce much the largest, deltoid, unequal-sided, the others lanceolate, deeply
pinnatifid, with oblong obtuse lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; powder varying
from deep orange to white. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 146. Hk. & Gr. t. 153. Fit. Ex.
£153.

Hab. Vancouver's Island and Oregon southward to Ecuador.

53. G. (Cerop.) tartarea, Desv. ; st. tufted, firm, 6-12 in. 1., dark chesnut-
brown, scaly towards the base ; fr. 1-2 ft. L, 6-12 in. br., oblong-deltoid, bipin-
natifid ; pinnce lanceolate, the lowest the largest ; pinnl. oblong, obtuse, entire
or nearly so, united or the lower ones free ; texture subcoriaceous ; powder dense,
pure white. — G. dealbata, Link.— ft G. ochracea, Presl ; pinnl. very regular and

52. GYMNOGRAMME, §§§§§ CEROPTER1S. 385

only the lowest toothed ; powder bright-yellow. — y, G. ornithopteris, Klotzsch ;
texture more coriaceous, edges of the divisions incurved ; powder white or yellow.
— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 148. — $, G. Steltzneri, Koch ; fr. elongated, flaccid ; pinnae
lanceolate, subdistant ; powder yellow, thin ; st. and racMs pubescent.

Hab. Tropical America. — There is no clear line of distinction between this and the
preceding. The forms associated here differ mainly from those placed under calomelanos
by being firmer in texture and less divided. G. guianensls, Klotzsch, comes between
a and y, and 0. adiantoides, Karst., is said to differ from /3 by its sublauceolate outline
and acuminate pinnules. We cannot distinguish from G. ochracea a plant gathered by
Gerrard in Natal.

54. G. (Cerop.) calomelanos, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, firm, 6-12 in. 1., nearly black ;
fr. 1-3 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br., oblong-deltoid, tripinnatifid ; pinnae close, lanceolate,
the lowest the largest, sometimes 6 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br. ; lower pinnl. distinct,
lanceolate or subdeltoid, often cut down nearly to the rachis ; texture sub-
coriaceous or herbaceous ; powder white. — Hk. G. F. t. 30. — /3, G. peruviana,
Desv. ; fr. smaller ; st. and rachis castaneous ; lower pinnce deltoid ; lower
pinnl. often cut down to the rachis. — y, G. chrysophylla, Kaulf. ; size and habit
of (3, but the rachis darker and the powder bright yellow. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 148.

Hab. West Indies, southward to Rio Janeiro, Peru, and Samoa ; Tropical West
African Islands. — We include here a wide range of forms connected by very gradual
intermediate stages. G. L'Herminieri, Martensii, and Massoni of Link, and C. inter-
media, Fee, are all intermediate between a and y.

55. G. (Cerop.) pulchella, Linden ; st. tufted, firm, 6-9 in. 1., dark chesnut-
brown, powdery ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., oblong-deltoid, tripinnatifid ; lower
pinnce the largest, lanceolate-deltoid ; pinnl. imbricated, the lower ones sub-
deltoid ; segm. flabellato-cuneate, often ^ in. br. ; texture herbaceous ; powder
pure white.— Hk. Fil. Ex. t. 74.

Hab. Venezuela. — Joined in " Sp. Fil." to G. sulphurea, from which it differs by its
more robust habit, white powder, and frond broadest at the base. It comes very near
G. peruviana. Var. Wettenhalliana, Moore, is a garden variety, with pale sulphur-
coloured powder.

56. G. (Cerop.) sulphurea, Desv. ; st. densely tufted, 1-6 in. 1., generally
short, slender, chesnut-brown, often powdery ; fr. 6-12 in. ]., 3-4 in. br., ovate-
lanceolate, tripinnatifid ; pinnce lanceolate, the lower ones gradually reduced ;
pinnl. flabellately cut, with entire or cleft cuneate segm. 1-1^ lin. br. ; texture
herbaceous ; powder bright yellow. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 147.

Hab. West Indies. — Distinguished by its cutting, small size, herbaceous texture and
frond narrowed in the lower third.

57. G. (Cerop.) rosea, Desv. ; st. tufted, slender, 3-6 in. 1., dark chesnut-
brown, glossy ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., subdeltoid, quadripinnatifid ; pinnce not numerous,
often distant, deltoid, the lower ones 3-4 in. 1., 2 in. br. ; pinnl. and segm.
deltoid, the ult. divisions small, flabellato-cuneate ; texture herbaceous ; powder
white or tinged with red; sori pale-brown. — G. conspersa, Kze. Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 147. G. farinosa, Bojer.

Hab. Mascaren Isles and Natal. — G. conspersa, Kze., appears to be a slender flaccid
form of the Mascaren species. A plant from Bourbon, received from the Paris Museum
under the name of G. aurea, is more robust in habit, with broader and closer divisions
and yellow powder, and Dr. Welwitzsch has gathered similar examples in Angola.

3 c

386 52. GYMNOGRAMME, TOSS SYNGRAMME.

Series 3. Habit and mode of growth of Eupolypodium. Sp. 58-84.

§§§§§§ Syngramme, J. Sm. Veins close, subparallel, united only by transverse
veinlets near the margin. Fig. 52. d. Sp. 58-65.

58. G. (Syn.) borneensis, Hk. ; rhizome creeping, woody, densely clothed with
nearly black fibrillose scales ; fr. subsessile, 4-6 in. 1., £-f in. br., ligulate,
narrowed to both ends, the edge very slightly toothed, the barren ones the
broadest ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins immersed, once or twice
forked, connected by indistinct transverse veinlets close to the edge. — Hk. tip. 5.
p. 154. t. 301.

Hab. Borneo, T. Lobb.

59. G. (Syn.) cartilagidens, Baker ; rhizome slender, creeping, clothed with
very small black fibrillose scales ; st. $-% in. 1. ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., ^-f in. br.,«ligulate,
the point acuminate, the lower half narrowed very gradually, the edge thickened
and fringed with close small distinctly cartilaginous linear teeth ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins fine, close, very distinct when the frond is
held up to the light, connected only just within the edge and the connecting vein
not always distinct from the thickened border ; sori fine, close, separated by a
space from the midrib.

Hab. Borneo, Signer Beccari ; communicated by Mrs. Lyell.— Differs from the last by
its thinner texture, finer veins and sori, and very peculiar teeth.

60. G. (Syn.) obtusifolia, Hk. ; rhizome creeping, fibrillose ; st. 2-3 in. 1.,
naked, greenish, flexuose ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., J-^ in. br., ligulate, the point blunt, the
lower part narrowed very gradually ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ;
veins prominent, simple or forked, connected near the edge ; sori linear-oblong,
medial.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 153. t. 299.

Hab. Java, De Vriese.

61. G. (Syn.) Lobbiana, Hk. ; st. tufted, 2-3 in. 1., glossy, ebeneous ; fr. 6-10
in. 1., ^-f in. br., linear-oblong, entire, the apex acuminate, the base narrowed or
slightly rounded ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins parallel, simple or
forked, united by a series of transverse veinlets a short distance from the edge,
which bound the copious sori. —Hk. Sp. 5. p. 153. t. 300.

Hab. Borneo, T. Lobb.

62. G. (Syn.) mttoeformis, Hk. ; st. subtufted, 12-18 in. 1., naked, flexuose,
dark-brown ; fr. 8-12 in. 1., l|-2^ in. br., spathulate-oblong, the edge irregularly
repand, the point acute ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins fine,
parallel, forming one or two rows of distinct areoke near the edge ; sori
extending frbm the midrib to the margin. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 154.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 329.

63. G. (Syn.) Wattichii, Hk. ; st. subtufted, 6-18 in. 1., firm, glossy, chesnut-
brown, slightly fibrillose towards the base ; fr. 6-10 in. 1., lf-2 in. br., oblong-
lanceolate, quite entire, the apex acuminate, the base narrowed rather gradually ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins fine, parallel, uniting ones near
the edge and indistinct beyond where they join ; sori extending on all the veins
from the midrib to where 'they unite. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 155. t. 302.

Hab. Singapore and Borneo.

64. G. (Syn.) alismcefolia, Hk. ; st. subtufted, 6-18 in. 1., firm, glossy,
chesnut-brown ; fr. 5-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., oblong, the apex acuminate, the base
rounded, the edge entire ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins fine,

52. GYMNOGRAMME, §§§§§§§ SELLIGUEA. 387

parallel, uniting only near the edge, and indistinct beyond where they join ; sori
extending on all the veins from the midrib to where they join. — Hk. tip. 5.
p. 154.

Hab. Singapore and Philippines.

65. G. (Syn.) quinata, Hk. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., glossy, naked, straw-coloured or
chesnut-brown ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., quinate, the terminal pinna the
largest, 6-12 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., oblong-lanceolate acuminate, the edge entire,
the lower part narrowed gradually to the base, the lowest pair deflexed and
originating from the base of the lateral pair ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides
naked ; veins fine, parallel, uniting near the edge, with long sori upon all of
them.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 152. t. 297.

Hab. Borneo, Vanecolla, and Solomon Isles. — Frond like the leaf of a horse-chesnut.

§§§§§§§ Selliguea, Bory. Veins anastomosing variously and usually copiously.
Differs from Phymatodes only by the elongated sori. Fig. 52. e. f. Sp. 66-84.

* Fronds simple. Sp. 66-79.
t Main veins hidden. Sp. 66-70.

66. G. (Sell.) lanceolata, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales small, linear,
dull-brown ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., ^-| in. br., the point acute, the edge entire, the
lower third narrowed gradually to the base or a short stem ; texture thick,
coriaceous but flaccid ; both sides naked ; veins obscure, the midrib much more
slender than in G. involuta, the sori more oblique and falling considerably short
of the edge.— -Hk. Sp. 5. p. 156. Grammitis, Hk. & Gr. t. 43.

Hab. Japan, China, Himalayas, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Fiji, Samoa, Mascaren Isles,
Natal, Guinea Coast.

67. G. (Sell.) mexicana, Baker ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales large, lan-
ceolate-acuminate, dull-brown ; fr. subsessile, 6-10 in. 1., 1-1 j in. br., the point
acute, the lower half narrowed very gradually to the base ; texture coriaceous
but flaccid ; both sides naked ; veins obscure, the midrib broad and fleshy at the
base but almost vanishing upwards ; sori linear-oblong, few and not close,
almost in one row on each side, not far from the midrib. — Selliguea, Fee. G.
Salvinii, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 157. 2nd Cent. t. 71.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.

68. G. (Sell.) elongata, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, tomentose ; st. distant,
J in. 1., naked, ebeneous ; fr. 4-8 in. 1., J-J in. br., narrowed gradually to both
ends, the edge entire ; texture coriaceous ; both sides thinly clothed with small
scales ; veins obscure ; midrib black in the lower part ; son linear-oblong,
placed end to end in single rows midway between the midrib and edge. — Hk. Sp.
5. p. 157-

Hab. Cuba to Rio Janeiro and Juan Fernandez. — Habit and scales of Polyp,
lanceolatum.

69. G. (Sell.) involuta, Don ; rhizome creeping, the scales large, lanceolate,
dull-brown ; fr. 8-12 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., the point acuminate, the edge entire, the
lower part narrowed very gradually to the base or a short broad compressed
stem ; texture thick, coriaceous but flaccid ; both sides naked ; areolce obscure,
without free veinlets ; sori in long parallel very oblique lines reaching from the
midrib nearly to the edge.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 155. Grammitis, Hk. & Gr. t. 53.
S. Wallichiana, Hk. Ic. t. 204.

Hab. N. India, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Malaccas, Solomon Isles.

388 52. GYMNOGRAMME, §§§§§§§ SELLIGUEA.

70. G. (Sell.) avetiia, Baker ; rhizome creeping, the scales linear, dull-brown ;
fr. 12-18 in. 1., 1-3 in. br., the point acuminate, the edge entire, the lower
half narrowed gradually to the base or a short stout black stem ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; both sides naked ; areolce distinct, with free veinlets ; sori in long
parallel oblique lines nearly touching the midrib but falling short of the edge. —
Grammitis, Blume.

Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Isles. — Habit of the last, but thinner in texture, not
wrinkled when dry, the areolae finer, and furnished with free veinlets.

ft Main veins distinct nearly or quite to the edge. Sp. 71-79.
A. Main veins fine, texture of the frond papyraceous. Sp. 71-75.

71. G. (Sell.) membranacea, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, the scales small,
linear, nearly black ; st. 2-6 in. 1., nearly naked ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., |-l^in. br.,
the point much acuminated, the edge e'ntire, the lower part narrowed very
gradually ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ; both sides naked ; primary veins
distinct to the edge, but zigzag and very slender, united by similar transverse
veinlets so as to form large hexagonal areolse ; sori in oblique parallel inter-
rupted lines, one between each main vein. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 159.

Hab. Malay Isles and Philippines.

72. G. (Sell.) Wrightii, Hk. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping, the scales small,
linear, dull-brown ; st. 3-4 in. 1., firm, naked ; fr. 12-18 in. L, 1-1| in. br., the
apex acute, the edge irregularly repand, narrowed suddenly about the middle
and below this very gradually into the stem ; texture papyraceo-herbaceous ;
both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the edge, but zigzag and very slender ;
areolce copious, with free included veinlets ; sori in continuous oblique parallel
rows one between each main vein. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 160. t. 303.

Hab. Loo Choo and Formosa.

73. G. (Sell.) regularis^ Baker ; rhizome creeping, the scales £ in. 1., ovate-
lanceolate, subferruginous ; st. 1-6 in. 1. ; fr. dimorphous, the barren ones
15 in. L, 2£ in. br., elongate-oblong, narrowed gradually to both ends, the edge
entire, the fertile ones 8 in. L, 2 in. br. ; texture papyraceous ; both sides naked ;
main veins 2-3 lin. apart, the areolse copious, subquadrate, the main ones divided
into distinct secondary ones with free veinlets ; sori in single interrupted or con-
tinuous rows between the main veins. — Polyp. Mett. Fit. Ind. 2. p. 225.

Hab. Borneo, Korthals.

74. G. (Sell.) macrophylla, Hk. ; rhizome creeping, the scales lanceolate, dull-
brown ; st. 26 in. L, naked ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., narrowed gradually to
both ends, the edge entire ; texture papyraceous ; main veins distinct but slender
and zigzag, with copious uniform subquadrangular areolse with free veinlets
between them ; sori in single continuous or slightly interrupted rows between
the main veins. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 159.

Hab. Malay and Philippine Isles and New Guinea.

75. G. (Sell.) spuriay Baker ; rhizome, creeping, the scales ovate-acuminate,
brown ; st. 9 in. 1., reddish-brown, margined upwards ; fr. 1 ft. 1., 3 in. br.,
ovate-oblong, the base cuneate, the point bluntish, the edge subrepand ; texture
papyraceous ; both sides naked ; main veins straight, prominent, 3-4 lines
apart ; areolce irregular, the main ones divided, and those again sometimes
subdivided with free veinlets : sori in single interrupted rows. — Polyp. Mett. Fil.
Ind.2.p.22Q.

Hab. Celebes, Forsten.

52. GYMNOGKAMME, §§§§§§§ SELLIGUEA. 389

B. Main veins prominent, texture coriaceous. Sp. 76-79.

76. G. (Sell.) Feei, Hk. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping, the scales bright-brown,
fibrillose ; fr. dimorphous, the barren ones 3-4 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., ovate-oblong, on
stems 1-3 in. 1., the fertile ones 3-6 in. 1., |-lj in. br., on shorter stems, both
acute and entire ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins distinct, the
intermediate veinlets obscure ; sori linear-oblong, immersed, in single rows
between the main veins, not reaching either to the midrib or edge. — Hk. Sp.
5. p. 158.

Hab. Malay Peninsula and Isles. — P. vulcanicum, Blume, is said to be like this, but
to have the barren and fertile fronds uniform.

77. G. (Sell.) hetorocarpa, Blume ; rhizome woody, wide- creeping, the scales
dense, J jn. 1., linear, full-brown ; st.G-9 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ;fr. 6-12 in. L, 1-2
in. br., the point much acuminated, the edge entire, the lower part narrowed very
gradually ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked, glossy ; main veins distinct
to the edge, the veinlets hidden ; sori linear-oblong, immersed, one between each
main vein, not extending either to the edge or midrib. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 160.

Hab. Java.

78. G. (Sell.) Hamiltoniana, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, woody, the scales
linear, dull-brown ; fr. dimorphous, the barren ones 1 ft. ]., 3-4 in. br., spathu-
late, the stem 2-3 in. 1., the fertile ones 4-6 in. 1., 1^ in. br., the stems more than
1 ft. 1., slender, naked ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins
distinct to the edge, with copious intermediate areolse with free included veinlets ;
sori in broad continuous rows, one between each main vein. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 1GO.
Ceterach pedunculata, Hk. fy Gr. t. 5.

Hab. East Himalayas (subtropical region).

79. G. (Sell.) caudiformis, Hk. ; rhizome woody, creeping, the scales large,
pale-brown, lanceolate ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy, pale-brown ; fr. 6-9
in. 1., ovate-oblong acuminate, the sterile ones 3-4, the fertile ones 1-2 in. br. ;
texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins distinct to the edge, the veinlets
obscure ; sori in one continuous or interrupted row between the main veins. —
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 158. Bot. Mag. t. 5328.

Hab. Mergui, Moulmein, and Malayan and Polynesian Isles to Tahiti and New
Caledonia.

** Fronds compound. — Sp. 80-84.

80. G. (Sell.) palmata, Baker ; st. 6-9 in. 1., polished, naked, ebeneous ; fr.
6-9 in. each way, cut down palmately very nearly to the base into five divisions,
the central one 4-6 in. 1., 1-1 £ in. br., oblong-lanceolate, slightly sinuated, the
others similar but shorter, and often unequal-sided ; texture thin-herbaceous ;
both sides nearly naked ; main veins wavy and falling short of the edge ; areolce
fine, irregular, 'with a few free veinlets ; sori fine, irregular in shape, united on
the uniting veinlets.

Hab. San Christoval, Solomon Isles, Milne, 508.

81. G. (Sell.) ettiptica, Baker; rhizome woody, wide-creeping; st. 1 ft. or
more 1., firm, erect, naked, stramineous ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., cut down
nearly to the rachis in the upper and quite in the lower part into 4-6 linear-oblong
pinnce on each side, which are 6-8 in. 1., |-1^ in. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis
and both sides naked ; main veins slender, not distinct to the edge ; areolce large
and unequal, with free veinlets ; sori linear, oblique, reaching the midrib, but
not the edge. — Polyp. Thunb. G. decurrens, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 161.

390 53. BRAINEA. 54. MENISCIUM.

Hab. Himalayas (up to 6,000 ft.) and Japan southward to Moulmein, the Philippines,
and Queensland. — Oldham gathered in Formosa a form with the fronds quite entire.

82. G. (Sell.) pinnata, Hk. ; st. subtufted, 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy ;
fr. 1. ft. or more 1., nearly as br., simply pinnate ; pinnce erecto-patent, 6-9
in. 1., £-1 in. br., narrowed gradually to both ends, the lower ones stalked, the
edge nearly entire ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; areolce
narrow, irregular, usually in two rows between the midrib and edge ; sori
oblong or linear, irregular, often confluent. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 161. Dictyogramme,
Moore.

Hab. Fiji and Queensland to the Malay Isles. — 0. ? subtrifoliata, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 152.
t. 298, from Fiji, is like this in habit and the shape of the pinnae, but they are only three
in number, and the veins join hardly at all. The fruit is not known.

83. G. (Sell.) japonica, Desv. ; rhizome creeping ; st. 6-12 in. 1., glossy,
stramineous or chesnut-brown, naked ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., simply pinnate
or bipinnate at the base; pinnae 6-12 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., linear-oblong, acuminate,
entire, the lower ones stalked ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ;
veins close, usually twice forked, and joining once, the sori often on all of them
and extending from the midrib to the edge. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 161. Dictyogramme,
Presl.

Hab. Japan and Formosa. — Probably not really distinct from 0. javanica.

84. G. (Sell.) podophylla9 Hk. ; st. tufted, 6-8 in. 1., dark chesnut-brown,
glossy ; fr. 4-6 in. each way, deltoid ; lower pinnce much the largest, cut down
nearly to the rachis into oblong-lanceolate lobes, the lowest only prolonged and
pinnatifid ; texture herbaceous ; under surface finely pubescent ; veins copiously
reticulated ; sori in the outer half of the lobes. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 152. t. 296.

Hab. Mexico and New Mexico. — Probably a form of G. pedata, with which it quite
agrees in everything except venation.

GEN. 53. BRAINEA, Hk.

Sori continuous along transverse veins near the midrib and also produced
along the veins in the direction of the edge of the frond. A single subarborescent
Indian and Chinese species resembling Blechnum in general habit, but with naked
sori and the veins forming costular areolce. TAB. VI. f . 53.

1. B. insignis, Hk. ; trunk 3-4 in. thick, the scales linear, ferruginous, f-1
in. 1. ; st. firm, 3-4 in. 1., naked, scaly only at the base ; fr. 2-3 ft. L, 8-12 in. br.,
simply pinnate ; pinnce close, numerous, linear, finely serrated ; texture coria-
ceous ; rachis and both sides naked. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 162. Fil. Ex. t. 38.

Hab. Hong-Kong and Khasya.

GEN. 54. MENISCITTM, Schreb.

Sori oblong or linear, occupying the connivent transverse veinlets. Fronds
simple or once pinnate. A small genus, almost confined to the tropics, with the
venation o/'Polypodium § Goniopteris, from which it differs only by its elongated
or confluent sori. TAB. VI. f. 54.

* Fronds simple. Sp. 1-2.

1. M. simplex, Hk. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping ; st. stramineous, slightly
pubescent, of the barren frond 4-6 in., of the fertile 1 ft. or more 1. ; barren

54. MENISCIUM. 391

fr. 6-9 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., oblong-lanceolate acuminate, the base cordate and
sometimes auricled, the edge crenate ; fertile fr. similar, but smaller ; texture
subcoriaceous ; veins beneath pubescent, main veins \ in. apart ; areolce 8-12
between the midrib and edge.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 162. Fil. Ex. t. 83.

Hab. Chusan, Hong-Kong, and Formosa. — Kunze considers this a simple form of
M. tT'iphyllum,.

2. M. giganteum, Mett. ; st. 1 ft. 1., dark-brown, slightly pubescent ; fr.
l|-2 ft. 1., 4 in. br., elongate-oblong, narrowed rather suddenly at both ends,
the edge slightly repand ; texture papyraceous ; veins ^ beneath nearly naked,
main veins £ in. apart ; areolce 30-40 between the midrib and edge. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 163.

Hab. Peru, Lechler, 2292.

** Frond pinnate. Sp. 3-10.

3. M. triphyllum, Sw. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping ; st. slender, substra-
mineous, slightly pubescent, of the barren frond 4-6 in., of the fertile frond 1 ft.
or more 1. ; fr. with an oblong-lanceolate terminal pinna 4-6 in. 1., 1-1 f in. br.,
the base cuneate or rounded, the edge repand, and 1-2 similar but smaller ones
on each side, the fertile ones smaller than the barren ones ; texture subcoria-
ceous ; veins beneath slightly pubescent, main veins ^ in. apart ; areolce 6-9
between the midrib and edge.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 163. Hk. & Gr. t. 120.

Hab. Himalayas to Ceylon, S. China, and Malaccas.

4. M. Thwaitesii, Hk. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping ; st. 9-12 in. 1., sub-
stramineous, nearly naked ; fr. 8-10 in. 1., 4-5 in. br., subdeltoid, the apex
acuminate, crenato-pinnatifid, below this several blunt linear-oblong subentire
pinnce, the lowest the largest, distinctly stalked, 2-3 in. 1., f in. br., the edge
bluntly, not deeply, lobed, the base narrowed suddenly ; texture herbaceous ;
colour dark-green ; midrib beneath pubescent ; main veins 1 lin. apart ; areolce
and sori 4-5 in the lower pinnae between the midrib and edge.

Hab. Ceylon, C. P. 3145.

5. M. pauciflorum, Hk. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., glossy, brownish ; fr. 12-18
in. 1., 6-8 in. br. ; pinnce numerous, spreading, ^-| in. apart, 3-4 in. 1., 2-3 lin.
br., narrowed very gradually from the middle to both ends, the edge sharply
toothed ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; areolce in 1-2 rows
between the midrib and edge. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 164.

Hab. Sierra del Crystal, West Tropical Africa, Mann, 1672.

6. M. salicifolium. Wall. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., stramineous or pale-brown,
glossy ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 1 ft. br. ; pinnce numerous, f-l£ in. apart, 4-8 in. 1.,
2^-f in. br., narrowed very gradually from the middle to both ends, the edge
nearly entire, the lowest the largest ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both
sides glabrous ; main veins oblique, 1 lin. apart ; areolce 4-5 between the midrib
and edge. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 164. 2nd Cent. t. 90.

Hab. Penang and Singapore.

7. M. angustifolium, Will. ; st. subtufted, 6-18 in. 1., firm, erect, slightly
pubescent ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br. ; pinnce spreading, 4-6 in. 1., J-f in. br.,
narrowed gradually to a long acuminate point, the edge subentire, the base
cuneate, the lower ones often stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and veins
beneath pubescent ; fertile pinnce much narrower than the barren ones ; main
veins 1 lin. apart ; areolce 4-6 between the midrib and edge. — Hk. Sp. 5, p. 164.

Hab. West Indies to Peru.

392 55. ANTROPHYUM.

8. M. serratum, Cav. ; st. 1-3 ft. 1., stout, brownish, glossy ; fr. 3-4 ft. or
more 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnae 1-3 in. apart, 6-12 in. 1., £-2 in. br., oblong-
lanceolate, the base cordate or cuneate, the apex acuminate, the edge finely
toothed ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; main veins ^ in. apart ;
areolce 12-20 between the midrib and edge. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 165. M. palustre,
Raddi.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Brazil and Peru. — Doubtfully distinct from
M. reticulatum.

9. M. cuspidatum, Blume ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., stout, naked ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 1 ft. or
more br. ; pinnae 6-9 in. 1., 1-3 in. br., the point acuminate, the edge nearly
entire, the base cuneate or rounded, often slightly stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked or nearly so ; main veins l|-2 lin. apart ; areolce
6-20 between the midrib and edge. — JBlume, t. 45.

Hab. Himalayas, Malaccas, Philippines. — Very probably a Meniscioid form of Polyp,
urophyllum, with which Hooker united it. M.villosum, J. Sin., and M. Parishii, Bed-
dome, have pubescent and more herbaceous pinnae than the form described above, and
M. Cumingii, Fe"e, is a glabrous form, with narrower and thinner pinnae, the lateral
ones few or sometimes absent.

10. M. reticulatum, Sw. ; st. tufted, 1-3 ft. 1., stout, brownish, glossy ; fr. 2-4
ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ; pinnae 6-12 in. 1., 1-4 in. br., the apex acuminate, the
edge entire or subrepand, the base rounded or cuneate ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked or slightly pubescent ; main veins 1-1^ lin. apart ;
areolce 8-12 between the midrib and edge. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 165.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Brazil and Peru. — M. macrophyllum, Kze., appears
to be a form with a few large pinnae. M. molle, Mett., gathered in New Granada by
M. Triana, has the rachis and under surface softly hairy, and quite entire pinnae 1 ft. 1.,
1 in. br., truncate on the upper and rounded on the lower side at the base. M. sorbi-
folium, Willd. (M. Kapplerianum, F^e), is a form with narrower pinnae than usual, the
lower ones slightly stalked.

GEN. 55. ANTROPHYUM, Kaulf.

Sori carried along the veins, imperfectly reticulated. A small genus of closely
allied species almost restricted to the tropics, all with simple fronds of firm but
fleshy texture and copious uniform hexagonal areolce. TAB. VI. fig. 55.

* Sori sunk in a distinct groove. Sp. 1-8.

1. A. lineatum, Kaulf. ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., £-£ in. br., the point acute, the edge
entire, the lower half narrowed very gradually to the base ; a distinct slender
raised midrib throughout ; areolce very long and narrow ; sori in 2-3 almost
continuous lines on each side of the midrib parallel with it, sunk in deep furrows
with raised edges.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 175. Polytsenium, Desv.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Ecuador and Brazil.— Habit of Vittaria, but the sori multi-
serial.

2. A. sulfalcatum, Brack. ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., J-| in. br., the point acute, the edge
entire, the lower part narrowed very gradually to the base or a short stem, an
indistinct midrib in the lower part ; areolce vertical, about two on each side the
midrib, several times longer than broad ; sori moderately immersed, in 2-4 long
interrupted lines, hardly uniting.— -/££. Sp. 5. p. 175. A. Brookei, Hk. 2nd
Cent. t. 79.

Hab. Borneo, Fiji, and Samoa.

55. ANTROPHYUM. 393

3. A. immersum, Mett. MSS. ;/r. 2-4 in. 1., £-f in. br., narrowed gradually to an
acute point and at the base to a short stem ; texture thick ; no distinct midrib;
central areolce vertical, long and narrow ; veins distinctly raised on the upper
surface ; sori quite immersed, often forked. — Hemionitis, Bory. A. pumilum.
Kaulf. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 170.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.

4. A. coriaceum, Wall. ; fr. 6-8 in. 1., |-f in. br., narrowed very gradually
from the centre to the base and an acute point ; texture very thick ; no midrib;
the areolce very long and narrow, very distinctly raised on the upper surface ; the
sori quite immersed, sometimes confluent. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 163.

Hab. Himalayas, the Philippine and Malayan Isles. — A . nanum, Fee, is as coriaceous in
texture, but not so plicate. In our specimens the fronds are oblong-spathulate, and only
1 in. 1., so that it is very doubtful whether the plant be not an undeveloped condition of
some of the other species.

5. A. plantagineum, Kaulf. ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., l|-2 in. br., broadest one-third of
the way down, the point acute, the lower part narrowed gradually into a stem
1-4 in. 1. ; no midrib; areolce 1-3 in. 1., ^ in. br. ; the sori copious, deeply
immersed, often uniting. — /3, A. angustatum, Brack. ; texture thinner ; fr. ligu-
late, 1 ft. 1., | in. br. ; st. 6 in. 1.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 170. A. Lessoni, Bory. Hk.
Sp. 5. p. 168.

Hab. Ceylon, Himalayas, and Malay ; Philippine and Polynesian Isles. — A. parvulum,
Blume, looks like a small narrow-fronded form of this.

6. A. Cumingii, Fee ; fr. 18 in. 1., 1-1 £ in. br., ligulate, about equal in width
in the central half, narrowed very gradually to the base and an acute point,
with a black midrib in the lower quarter, the central areolce several inches long
and not more than | lin. br. ; sori very slender, deep-sunk, often joining, the
edge of the furrow rather raised. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 167.

Hab. Philippines, Owning, 416. — The Javan A. latipes, Kze., appears to be nearest
to this.

7. A. reticulatum, Kaulf. ; fr. 6-15 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., broadest about one-
third of the way down, the point blunt or acute, the lower part narrowed very
gradually to the base or a short compressed stem ; midrib scarcely any ; areolce
several in. 1., 1-1J lin. br., very distinctly raised on the upper surface ; sori
copious, often joining, raised above the surface. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 163.

Hab. Himalayas, Ceylon, and Malaccas to Aneiteum and Queensland. — A. callcefolium,
Blume, does not seem to be clearly distinguishable.

8. A. semicostatum, Blume ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., broadest about one-
third of the way down, narrowed to an acute point and very gradually to the
base or a short stem, the edge entire, with a distinct blackish midrib in the lower
half, the central areolce often 2-3 in. 1., £ in. br. ; sori copious, often joining,
rising above the surface. — H. Sp. 5. p. 168.

Hab. Ceylon, Malaccas, Philippines and Polynesian Isles.— Species 2 to 8 come very
near to one another, and cannot be regarded as clearly distinct.

** Sori superficial or but slightly immersed. Sp. 9-16.

9. A. ensiforme, Hk. ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., £-£ in. br., ligulate, the point acute, the
edge entire, the lower part narrowed very gradually from halfway down to the
base ; midrib broad, obscure, lost upwards ; veins sunk, forming 3-4 rows of
irregular hexagonal areolse between the midrib and edge ; sori raised above the

3 D

394 55. ANTROPHYUM.

surface, oblique, linear- vermiform, often forked. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 174. Ic. t. 394.
2nd Cent. t. 70. Scoliosorus, Moore.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala. — Connects Antrophyum with the Sdliguece of the
lanceolata group.

10. A. lanceolatum, Kaulf. ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., J-^ in. br., tbe point acute,
the edge entire, the lower half narrowed very gradually to the base ; texture
papyraceous, a distinct slender raised midrib throughout; areolce vertical,
hexagonal, 2-3 times as long as broad, about three rows between the midrib and
edge ; sori slender, superficial, often joining. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 176.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico to New Granada.— The Mexican A. Feel, Schaff., is a
short broad variety of firmer texture, with a slightly repand margin.

11. A. subsessile, Kunze ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., broadest one-third of the
way down, narrowed gradually to the base and an acute point ; texture firm ;
midrib raised, distinct from the base to the apex ; areolce oblique, hexagonal,
about twice as long as broad ; sori subsuperficial, often forked. — Hk. /Sp. 5.
P. 171.

Hab. Cuba and Guatemala to Peru.

12. A. cayennense, Kaulf. ; st. 1-4 in. 1. ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br.. lanceolate-
oblong, narrowed at both ends, the edge thickened, entire ; texture rather firm, a
distinct prominent midrib extending from the base to the apex ; areolce oblique,
hexagonal, half as broad as long ; sori subsuperficial, often forked. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 171.

Hab. Guiana and the Amazon Valley. — Closely allied to the preceding. The two may
be readily distinguished by their raised midribs and short oblique areolse.

13. A. latifolium, Blume ; st. 3-6 in. 1., stout, compressed, widening into the
frond gradually ; fr. 4-6 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., oblong or obovate, the apex cuspidate,
the edge entire or slightly repand towards the point, the base narrowed very
gradually ; texture thick ; no distinct midrib; areolce vertical, 2-3 in. 1., ^ in. br. ;
sori stout, copious, rarely joining. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 172.

Hab. Java and Bootan.

14. A. Mannianum, Hk. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, blackish, curved ; fr. 6-9
in. 1., nearly as broad, obovate or roundish, the apex cuspidate, the edge repand,
the base broad-cuneate ; texture thin, no distinct midrib ; the areolce 1-2 in. 1.,
\ in. br., radiating from the base to the circumference ; sori slender, copious,
often joining. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 173. 2nd Cent. t. 73.

Hab. Guinea Coast.

15. A. Boryanum, Kaulf. ; st. 1-4 in. 1., stout, compressed, passing into the
frond gradually ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., broadest a third or halfway down,
the point acute or blunt, the edge entire, the lower part narrowed very gradually;
no distinct midrib ; areolce numerous, vertical, hexagonal, | in. 1., ^ in. br. ;
sori slender, often joining. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 172. Hk. fy Gr. t. 74.

Hab. Mauritius, Bourbon, and Johanna Island. — A. obtusum, Kaulf., does not appear
to be clearly distinguishable.

16. A. gigartteum, Bory ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., broadest a third of the
way down, narrowed very gradually to a short very stout paleaceous stem, the
edge with a broad entire cartilaginous border ; texture very thick ; areolce close and
fine, vertical, about £ in. 1., 1 lin. br. ; sori slender, often joining. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 174.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon.

56. VITTARIA, § EUVITTAEIA, §§ T.ENIOPSIS. 395

GEN. 56. VITTA.RIA, Sm.

Sori in continuous marginal or slightly intramarginal lines. A small genus,
almost entirely tropical, with free veins and grass-like fronds of subcoriaceous
texture. It has considerable claim to be placed in the Involucrate series near Lind-
say a. The species are very difficult of discrimination, and we have admitted here
lonsiderably fewer than M. Fee, who has published an elaborate illustrated mono-
graph of the genus, in which he relies to a large extent upon microscopic characters
(the shape of the spores and abortive capsules) to characterize them. TAB. VI.
fig. 56.

§ Euvittaria. Sori sunk in a two-lipped marginal groove. Sp. I. Fig. 56. a.

1. V. elongata, Sw. ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., £-J in. br., the point acute or bluntish, the
lower part narrowed very gradually to the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; midrib
faint or distinct ; veins simple, oblique, immersed, parallel, connected by an
intramarginal veinlet ; sori quite sunk in a marginal groove with two nearly
equal lips which open outwards.

Hab. Himalayas and Benin to Sandwich Isles, New South Wales, and Ceylon ; Mas-
caren Isles, Seychelles, and Guinea Coast. — We cannot separate from this clearly V. zos-
tercefolia, bisulcata, isoetifolia, owariensis, rigida, ensiformis, intermedia, plantaginea, and
anodontolepis of authors. The two first are said to have a distinct midrib, the others
none.

§§ Tseniopsis, J. Km. Sori in a slightly intramarginal line, with the unaltered
edge of the frond produced beyond and often rolled over it. Sp. 2-9. Fig. 56. b. c.

2. V. (Tseniop.) scabrida, Klotzsch ; fr. 2 in. 1., 1 lin. br., the point blunt, the
lower half tapering gradually to the base ; texture fleshy, when dry wrinkled ;
midrib lost in the upper half ; sori sunk in an intramarginal groove, with the
flattened thick edge of the frond produced beyond it. — Hk. (Sp. 5. p. 182.

Hab. Mexico and Brazil.

3. V. (Tseniop.) falcata, Kunze ; fr. 4-5 in. 1., \ in. br., the point blunt, the
lower part narrowed gradually to the base ; texture leathery and very thick ; a
distinct raised midrib attaining the apex in the barren fronds, but lost in the
fertile ones ; veins short, oblique, parallel, immersed ; sori quite sunk in slightly
intramarginal grooves. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 182.

Hab. Malaccas and Ceylon (C. P. 3807).— The Malayan and Philippine V. minor,
Fe"e, is like this, but smaller in size, with the habit of Polyp, australe and gramineum.

4. V. (Tseniop.) Gardneriana, Fee ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., £ in. br., the point
acute, the lower part narrowed gradually to the base or a short slender stem ;
texture thin, the young fronds translucent ; a slender immersed midrib extending
from the base to the apex ; veins fine, distant, oblique ; sori in a broad superficial
slightly intramarginal line, with the edge produced beyond, but not wrapped
over it. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 178. (in part).

Hab. Organ Mountains, Brazil, Gardner, 147.

5. V. (Tseniop.) stipitata, Kunze ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 3-4 lin. br., tapering gradually
below into a long slender stem ; texture firm ; midrib indistinct, except towards
the base ; veins distant, fine, oblique, immersed ; sori sunk in a groove within
the margin, with the flattened thickened edge of the frond produced beyond it.
— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 179.

Hab. Columbia to Peru. — V. Moritziana, Melt,, is said to have the sori less distinctly

396 57. TMENITIS.

immersed, and the edge of the frond not thickened ; V. Karsteniana, Mett., to have
sessile fronds and more distant veins ; and V. Ruiziana, F^e, superficial sori and a flat-
tened stem.

6. V. (Taeniop.) stricta, Carm. ; fr. 18 in. 1., \ in. br., narrowed below to a
compressed stem ; texture thick ; midrib stout, continued to the apex ; the sori
occupying the whole space between it and the much reflexed edge. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 182.

Hab. Tristan d'Acunha.

7. V. (Tseniop.) lineata, Sw. ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., ^-§ in. br., narrowed gradually
downwards to a stout compressed stem, which passes into the frond gradually,
the edge often reflexed ; texture firm, a distinct raised midrib running from the
base to the apex ; veins immersed, parallel, very oblique ; sori in a broad slightly
intramarginal line in a slight furrow, the edge of the frond at first wrapped over
it.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 178.

Hab. Japan, West Indies, and Florida to Peru and Brazil ; Himalayas, Neilgherries,
Malaccas, Mascaren Isles, Guinea Coast, Zambesi-land, Natal, Cape Colony.— Of M. FeVs
species we include here lineata and Jilifolia (Tropical America), flexuosa (Hindostan),
tenera and sarmentosa (South Africa), and guineensis (Guinea).

8. V. (Taeniop.) remota, Fee ; fr. 12-18 in. L, f-^ in. br., narrowed gradually
to the base or a short compressed stem ; texture moderately firm ; midrib dark-
coloured and distinct below, but often lost before it reaches the apex ; veins
immersed, very oblique ; sori in a broad superficial distinctly intramarginal line,
with the edge not at all wrapped over it.— Hk. Sp. 5, p. 185.

Hab. West Indies to Ecuador.— Distinguished from the other American species by its
broader flat frond and the position of the sori. It is very like Tcenitis angustifolia in
general habit, but the veins are free.

9. V. (Tseniop.) scolopendrina, Thw. ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., ^-f in. br., the point
acute, the edge entire, the lower part narrowed very gradually to the base ;
texture thick ; midrib thick, blackish, grooved in front below, sometimes nearly
lost upwards ; veins oblique, fine, simple, parallel ; sori in broad continuous
submarginal lines, with the firm unaltered edge of the frond at first wrapped
over it. — V. Forbesii and zeylanica, Fee. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 177.

Hab. New Guinea, Philippine and Malayan Isles, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Seychelles,
Mozambique. — V. loricea, Fee, appears to be closely allied, but the Himalayan plant
mentioned in " Sp. Fil." is referred to V. scolopendrina by Mettenius. The largest and
finest of the group.

GEN. 57. T-ffiNiTis, Sw.

Sori linear, but the line sometimes interrupted, central or submarginal. A
small genus of not very closely allied species, all tropical. Some of the species
scarcely differ from Taeniopsis in fruit, but in all those placed here the veins ana-
stomose. TAB. VI. fig. 57.

* Fronds simple. Sp. 1-3.

1. T. obtusa, Hk. ; rhizome creeping ; st. 2-3 in. 1., slender, glossy, naked ;
fr. 1^-2 in. 1., ^-£ in. br., ovate-oblong, the point blunt, mucronate* the edge
entire, the base rounded ; texture coriaceous ; areolce large, oblique ; sori in a
continuous line £ in. from the edge. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 186. 2nd Cent. t. 94.

Hab. Borneo, T. Lobb.

2. T. angustifolia, R. Br. ; fr. 12-18 in. 1., £-2 m' kr-> narrowed very gradually

58. DllYMOGLOSSUM. 397

to an acute point and below to the base or a short stem ; texture subcoriaceous,
flaccid ; midrib distinct ; veins immersed, forming 2-3 rows of vertical hexagonal
areolce, 3-4 times as long as broad between the midrib and edge ; sari sunk in a
groove a short distance from the edge. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 187. Pteropsis, Desv.

Hab. Cuba to N. Brazil and the Galapagos.

3. T. lanceolata^ R. Br. ; rhizome creeping, very stout ; st. 1-2 in. 1., firm,
erect; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., narrowed gradually from the centre to both
ends, the edge entire but often crisped ; texture firm, coriaceous, naked ; midrib
distinct ; areolce immersed, copious, small, with copious free veinlets ; sori in
continuous or interrupted lines near the edge of the contracted upper third or
quarter of the frond.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 186. Paltonium, Presl. Neurodium, Fee.

Hab. West Indies and Guatemala. — TheJavan T.marginalis, Moore (T. Blumei, Hk.),
is said to be like this, but smaller in size, and without a midrib.

** Fronds compound. Sp. 4-5.

4. T. furcata. Willd. ; rhizome subrepent, densely tomentose ; fr. 6-18 in. L,
once or twice dichotomously forked or subpinnatifid, the lobes linear, erecto-
patent, much acuminated, entire, 4-8 in. L, j-jjr in. br. ; texture coriaceous ;
under surface thinly clothed with minute scales ; veins anastomosing without free
veinlets ; sori submarginal, continuous or interrupted. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 188.
Cuspiaria, Fee.

Hab. West Indies to Ecuador and the Amazon Valley. — T. Desvauxii, Klotzsch (C. semi-
pinnatifida, F^e), is a small variety with narrow lobes, unbranched primary veins, and
only a single row of areolse.

5. T. blechnoides, Swz. ; rhizome creeping ; st. 8-12 in. L, firm, naked, glossy ;
fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce of barren frond 2-3 on each
side, 6-9 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, the point acuminate, the edge
thickened and wavy, the base cuneate, the lower ones stalked ; fertile pinnae
narrower and more numerous ; texture coriaceous ; areolce copious, oblique,
without free veinlets ; sori in a continuous line about midway between the edge
and midrib. — /3, T. interrupta, Wall. ; pinnce smaller ; sori interrupted and
much nearer the edge.— Hk. & Gr. t. 62. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 188.

Hab. Malaccas and Philippines.

GEN. 58. DRY.MOGLOSSUM, Presl.

Sori scarcely differing from those of Tsenitis, but the fronds dimorphous.
TA.B. VI. fig. 58.*

1. D. carnosum, Hk. ; rhizome filiform, wide-creeping; fr. dimorphous, the
barren ones suborbicular or elliptical, 1-2 in. 1., f-1 in. br., the fertile ones
linear-spathulate, 2-3 in. L, ^ in. br., both narrowed to the base or a short stem ;
texture coriaceous ; areolce small, with copious free veinlets ; sori in a line
midway between the edge and midrib, when young covered with stalked peltate
scales. — /3, D. subcordatum, Fee ; fr. smaller, the barren ones roundish, sub-
sessile ; texture thinner ; caps, mixed with hairs, not scales. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 189.

Hab. Japan to Formosa, Hong-Kong, and the Himalayas.

* It would be better to make two genera only out of this and the two preceding,
placing in one those species in which the line in front is submarginal, and in the other
those in which it is remote from the edge.

398 59. HEMIONITIS, § EUHEMIONITIS.

2. D. piloselloides, Presl ; rhizome filiform, wide-creeping ; fr. dimorphous,
the barren ones roundish or obovate-elliptical, ^-2 in. 1., ^-f in. br., the fertile
ones linear-oblong, 2-4 in. 1., J-J in. br., both narrowed to the base or a short
stem ; texture coriaceous ; veins immersed, anastomosing, with copious free
veinlets ; sori in a broad continuous submarginal line, the capsules mixed with
stalked peltate scales.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 190. G. F. t. 46.

Hab. Himalayas, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Malaccas.

3. D. rigidum, Hk. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping ; fr. dimorphous, the barren
ones 1-1£ in. 1., half as br., obovate, entire, with thickened edges, on firm erect
stems 1 in. 1., the fertile one 4-5 in. 1., £ in. br., narrowed into a stem about as
long as itself ; texture very thick and rigid ; areolce copious, immersed, without
free veinlets ; sori in a deep groove between the broad midrib and edge. — Hie. Sp.
5. p. 190.

Hab. Borneo, T. Lobb. — An anomalous species, which Moore places in Schizolepton of
Fe'e, a genus founded on our Lindsaya cordata.

GEN. 59. HEMIONITIS, Linn.

Sori continuous along the veins and copiously reticulated, sometimes also
developed slightly between them. A small genus, as now restricted, almost con-
fined to the tropics. Veins anastomosing copiously. TAB. VI. fig. 59.

§ Euhemionitis. Sori confined to the veins. Sp. 1-6.

1. H. lanceolata, Hk. ; caud. stout, ascending ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy,
castaneous ; fr. 6-9 in. 1., 1^-2^ in. br., ovate or oblong-lanceolate, the apex
acuminate, the edge subentire, the base narrowed ; texture coriaceous ; both
sides naked ; areolce copious, oblique, about i in. 1., 1 lin. br. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 191.
2nd Cent. t. 55.

Hab. Fiji, Seemann, 716, Milne.

2. H. cordata, Roxb. ; caud. erect ; st. of the barren frond 2-4 in. 1., of the
fertile frond often 1 ft. 1., dark chesnut-brown, glossy, densely fibrillose towards
the base ; fr. 2-3 in. each way, cordate-hastate, the barren ones bluntish at the
point, with rounded basal lobes and a deep sinus, the fertile ones with the lobes
more produced and sharper ; texture herbaceous or subcoriaceous ; under surface
subvillose ; areolce oblique, £-£ in. 1., £ lin. br.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 192. Hk. & Gr.

vt OTC»

Hab. Peninsular India, Ceylon, Moulmein, Philippines.

3. Il.palmata, L. ; caud. erect; st. of barren frond 2-4 in., of the fertile frond
6-12 in. L, glossy, dark chesnut-brown, clothed with soft yellowish hairs ; fr.
2-6 in. each way, palmate, with five nearly equal lanceolate divisions, those of
the fertile frond the sharpest, varying from subentire to lobed one-third of the
way down, those of the barren frond shorter, blunter, and less divided ; texture
herbaceous ; both surfaces villose ; areolce oblique, i-i in. L, 4-1 lin. br.— Hk.
Sp. 5. p. 192. Ex.Fl.t.53.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico to Peru.

4. H. hedercefolia, J. Sm. ; caud. decumbent ; st. nearly 1 ft. L, ebeneous,
naked ; fr. about 3 in. each way, palmate, with 5 lobes, the three central ones
about equal, lanceolate, the lateral ones spreading, shorter and blunter, all

60. ACROSTICHUM. 399

entire ; texture herbaceous ; both surfaces densely matted with short silky
yellowish-grey hairs ; areolce small, oblique. — Bot. Her. p. 339.

Hab. Mexico, Liebold.

5. H. pinnatifida, Baker ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. 1., glossy, chesnut-brown, clothed
with soft yellowish hairs ; fr. 2 in. each way, deltoid in general outline, with a
large oblong-lanceolate subcrenate terminal lobe and two spreading ones on each
side, which reach down within J in. of the rachis, both blunt, the lowest 1 in 1.
and auricled at the base ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides densely coated with
yellowish hairs ; areolce small, copious.

Hab. Central America, Wendland, 438.

C. II. pinnata, J. Sm. ; st. 6-9 in. L, glossy, dark chesnut-brown, clothed with
soft yellowish hairs ; fr. 5-6 in. L, 3-4 in. br., the apex deeply pinnatifid, below
this 2-3 pairs of distinct pinnae, the upper ones oblong-lanceolate, 1-1^ in. 1.,
§-J in. br., the lowest larger and forked at the base, all repand ; texture herba-
ceous ; both sides thinly clothed with soft yellowish hairs ; veins oblique, 2-3
times diehotomously forked, anastomosing principally near the midrib. — J. Sm.
Gen. Fil. p. 33. (name only}.

Hab. Jamaica, Wiles. — This is not very far from Gymnogramma rufa, but the pinnae
are adnate, and the groups of veins join slightly. Our descriptions of this and the two
preceding are taken from J. Smith's specimens, now in the British Museum.

7. H.'Griffithii, Hk. fil. & Thorns.; st. 8-12 in. 1., scaly towards the base,
villose throughout ; fr. 1 ft. or more L, 6-10 in. br., subdeltoid, pinnatifid or
pinnate, with 2-4 distinct pinnce on each side, which are 3-4 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br.,
entire, acuminate, the lower ones stalked ; texture herbaceous, thick ; rachis and
both sides villose ; main veins barren and pinnate, the veinlets fertile and
copiously reticulated.— #£. Sp. 5. p. 192. H. Wilfordii, Hk. Fil. Ex. t. 93. (the
pinnatifid variety}.

Hab. Khasya, Hie. fil. & Thomson ; Formosa, Wilford. — This differs from the foregoing
by its barren main veins, and constitutes the genus Dictyocline of Moore.

§§ Anetium, Splitg. Sori lax, placed loth on the veins and scattered also in the
spaces between them. Sp. 7.

8. H. (Anet.) citrifolia, Hk. ; rhizome creeping ; st. ^-9 in. 1., weak, com-
pressed ; fr. pendent, 6-24 in. L, 1-4 in. br., oblong or subspathulate, narrowed
gradually to both ends, the edge entire ; texture thick but flaccid ; colour pale-
green ; midrib often lost in the upper part, winged on the back below ; areolce
vertical, long-hexagonal. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 193.

Hab. West Indies to North Brazil. — An anomalous species, with the habit of Antro-
phyum, in which genus it is placed by F£e, and in the fruit connecting Grammitidece with
Acrostichece.

TRIBE 13. ACROSTICHECE.

Sori spread in a stratum over the under surface or rarely over both surfaces of the
frond, not confined to the veins only. GEN. 60-61. '

GEN. 60. ACROSTICHUM, L.

Sori spread over the whole surface of the frond or upper pinnse, or occasionally
over both surfaces. A large genus, almost entirely tropical, including groups with
a wide range in venation and cutting. TAB. VII. & VIII. fig. 60.

400 60. ACROSTICHUM.

•

§ Veins free. Sp. 3-87.
* Elaphoglossum, Schott. Fronds simple. Sp. 1-65. Fig. 60. a, b.

t Both surfaces of the barren frond nearly or quite naked, the edge not fringed.

Sp. 1-19.

1. A. petiolosum, Desv. ; rhizome woody, the scales dense, fibrillose, nearly
black ; st. 4-6 in. 1., firm, slender, erect ; barren fr. 2-3 in. 1., f-J in. br., ovate-
oblong, narrowed suddenly to a point, which is sometimes 1 in. 1. ; texture cori-
aceous ; both sides nearly naked ; veins immersed, subparallel ; fertile fr. smaller
than the barren one. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 207. A. caudatum, Hk. Ic. t. 215.

Hab. Ecuador and Peru. — Well marked by the small size and very distinct caudate
apex of its fronds, and the rigid nearly black scales of the rhizome.

2. A.tambillense, Hk. ; rhizome stout, the scales dense, linear, crisped, chesnut-
brown ; st. tufted, 2-3 in. 1., firm, slender, naked ; barren fr. 2^-3 in. 1., 1-1^
in. br., the point cuspidate, the base rounded or even slightly cordate ; texture
coriaceous ; both sides quite naked ; veins distant ; fertile fr. considerably smaller
than the barren one.— //£. Sp. 5. p. 207. Ic. t. 856.

Hab. Ecuador, Jameson ; Guatemala, Salvin & Godman. — Like the last, but the frond
not caudate, and the scales different.

3. A. micradenium, Fee ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, the scales small, linear-
subulate, squarrose, dark chesnut-brown ; st. 1 in. or more apart, 3-6 in. 1., firm,
erect, naked, stramineous ; barren fr. 5-6 in. 1., 1-1 j in. br., the point acuminate,
the base narrowed gradually ; texture herbaceous ; both sides naked ; veins raised,
conspicuous, usually once forked ; barren fr. much smaller than the fertile ones.
— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 216. E. nitidum, Brack, t. 9.

Hab. Sandwich Isles and Sumatra.

4. A. simplex, Svv. ; rhizome woody, short-creeping, the scales rather large,
lanceolate, dark-brown ; st. 1-4 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; barren fr. 4-12 in. ].,
f-1^ in. br., the point very acute, the lower part narrowed very gradually ; tex-
ture coriaceous ; both sides quite naked ; margin distinct, cartilaginous ; veins
immersed, usually once forked ; barren fr. narrower than the fertile one, and on
a longer stem. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 205. — /3, A. martinicense, Desv. ; fronds narrower,
very coriaceous, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 218. A. durum, Kze. E. glabellum, J. Sm.

Hab. Cuba to Brazil. — Characterized by its firm fronds, narrowed very gradually to
both ends. A plant gathered by Barter at Sierra Leone probably belongs here.

5. A. nigrescens, Hk. ; caud. stout, erect, not scaly ; barren fr. tufted, sub-
sessile, 6-9 in. 1., £ in. br., the point bluntish, the base narrowed very gradually ;
texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins simple or once forked, distant, not
reaching the edge ; fertile fr. 2-3 in. 1., % in. br., on long slender naked stems
lft.l.— Hk.Sp. 5. p. 214.

Hab. British Guiana, Schomburgk.

6. A. leptophyllum, Fee ; rhizome firm, creeping, the scales " soft, fulvous ; "
st. of barren frond 3-4 in. 1., firm, erect, stramineous, nearly naked ; barren fr.
6-8 in. 1., 7T-f in. br., the point bluntish, the lower part narrowed gradually ; tex-
ture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; veins fine, rather raised, simple or once
forked ; fertile fr. similar to the other, but the stem three or four times as long.
— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 218.

Hab. Venezuela and Brazil.— Characterized by its ligulate barren frond and very long-
stalked similar fertile one.

60. ACROSTICHUM. 401

7. A. conforme, Sw. ; rhisome woody, wide-creeping, densely clothed with large
lanceolate brownish membranous scales sometimes £ in. 1., 1 lin. br. ; st. 1-12 in. I.,
firm, erect, stramineous, naked or slightly scaly ; fr. 2-9 in. 1., J-2 in. br., the
point acute or bluntish, the base cuneate or spathulate, the edge cartilaginous,
entire ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked or nearly so ; veins subparallelr
usually once forked ; barren fr. usually narrower than the fertile one, the edge
inflexed.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 198.

Hab. Mexico to Chili and Brazil, Sandwich Isles, Samoa, Fiji, Java, Queensland, Hima-
layas (up to 6,000 ft.), Neilgherries, Ceylon, Tristan d'Acuuha, Mascaren Isles, Cape
Colony, St. Helena, Guinea Coast. — From this we cannot distinguish clearly A. Leper-
vanchii (Bory), A. didynanum (F£e), A. laurifolium (Thouars), A. angulatum (Blume),
A. impressum (Fe'e), A. marginatum (Wall.), A. obtusifolium (Brack.), and A. vagans
(Mett.). The Polynesian A. Feejeense, Brack., is thinner and darker green than usual,
and narrowed downwards more gradually ; A. alatum, Fe'e (Hk. Sp. 5. p. 204), has a more
distinct haft to the frond; and the Sandwich Island .4. cemulum, Kaulf., and Andine
A. Gayanum, Fe'e, and A. unitum, Bory (A. affine, M. & G.), and probably the Brazilian
A. minutuin, Pohl., are small narrow- fronded varieties. Vittaria acrostichoides, Hk. & Gr.
t. 186, is an abnormal form, with the fruit in two submarginal lines.

8. A. Wrightii, Mett. ; rhizome wide-scandent ; st. 1-2 in. apart, 1-1^ in. 1.,
firm, erect, clothed throughout with ovate-acuminate membranous scales ; fr.
6-9 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., the point cuspidate, the lower part narrowed very gradu-
ally, the edge thickened, white, and crisped ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ;
midrib scaly in the lower part ; veins stout, immersed, subparallel, usually once
forked ; fertile fr. much smaller, the edge entire and inflexed. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 195.

Hab. Cuba, Wright, 965.— Perhaps a form of the last.

9. A. flaccidum. Fee ; rhizome short-creeping, woody, the scales small, lan-
ceolate, dull-brown ; st. tufted, those of the barren frond very short ; fr. 6-12
in. L, ^-li£ in. br., the point very acute, the lower part narrowed very gradually ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both sides quite naked, colour dark -green, edge not thick-
ened ; veins not close, simple or forked ; fertile fr. smaller than the barren one,
and on a distinct st. 3-4 in. 1. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 204. A. Karstenianum, Kze.

Hab. Panama to N. Brazil. — This is thinner in texture than the preceding, and in the
shape of the frond is most like A. simplex on a larger scale, with sessile barren fronds but
long-stalked fertile ones. A. oxyphyllum, Brong., appears to be a large form ; the Peru-
vian A. Lechleri, Mett. differs only by its stout wide-scandent rhizome ; and a plant
labelled by Mettenius.4. pallidum, Beyr., is thinner and more glossy than the type, with
the costa and long stem of the fertile frond ebeneous.

10. A. Burchellii, Baker ; rhizome short, woody, the scales small, linear, dark-
brown ; st. 8-12 in. 1., erect, nearly naked ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., |-1^ in. br., the point
very acute, the lower part narrowed veiy gradually ; texture subcoriaceous ; both
sides naked and glossy; veins fine, close, usually once forked ; fertile fr. much
smaller than the other. — A. punctulatum, Mett. MSS. (not L.}.

Hab. Brazil, Burchell, 5155. — Very near the last, differing mainly in the finer veins
and long stem of the barren frond.

11. A. NorrisUj Hk. ; caud. stout, woody, the scales long, linear, dull-brown ;
barren fr. sessile or nearly so, tufted, 12-18 in. L, f-1 in. br., the point blunt, the
lower half narrowed very gradually ; texture coriaceous ; both sides nearly naked ;
veins immersed, indistinct ; fertile fr. much narrower than the other. — Hk.
Sp. 5. p. 215.

Hab. Penang, Sir W. Norris, Mactier. — Not unlikely identical with theJavan A. melano-
stictum, Blume. It is \\keflaccidum in the shape of the barren frond, but the texture
is that of conforme and latifolium, and the fertile frond also is subsessile.

3 E

402 60. ACROSTICHUM.

12. A. Schlimense, Fee ; rhizome thick, woody, wide-scandent, the scales broad,
ovate, dull-brown ; St. 4-8 in. l.,firm, erect, slightly scaly ; barren fr. 9-12 in. 1.,
] j in. br., the point bluntish, the lower third narrowed very gradually ; texture
subcoriaceous ; both sides naked, the edge narrow, cartilaginous, quite distinct
from the frond ; veins fine, very close, usually once forked ; fertile fr. similar to
the barren one.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 202.

Hab. N. Granada, Schlim, 622 ; Ecuador, Spruce. — Resembles flaccidum in texture,
but the fronds are much less narrowed in the upper part, and distinctly stalked.

13. A. palustre, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, not thick but woody, the scales
long, linear, bright-brown ; St. 1-2 in. 1., firm, clothed with linear scales ; barren
fr. often 1 ft. 1., 1-2 in. br., the point acute, the lower part narrowed very gra-
dually ; texture herbaceous ; both sides naked ; veins raised, close, simple or
once forked ; fertile fr. (in all our specimens) soriferous only in the upper part,
much narrower than the others. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 214.

Hab. Guinea Coast ; gathered by Barter and Mann. — Distinguished by its herbaceous
texture and very prominent veins. A plant collected in Berbice by Schomburgk is
perhaps the same, but our specimens are barren only.

14. A. stenopteris, Klotzsch ; rhizome woody, the scales small, ovate, dull-
brown ; st. scarcely any ; barren fr. 12-18 in. 1., J-f in. br., the point acute, the
lower part narrowed very gradually ; texture papyraceous ; both sides naked,
except that the lower part of the midrib beneath has a few small dark-brown
linear scales ; veins fine, simple or forked, often 1 line apart, falling short of
the edge ; fertile fr. narrower, and on a longer stem than the barren one. —
Hk. 8p.5.p.2I3.

Hab. Columbia, Moritz, 234 ; Venezuela, Fendler, 282. — Distinguished by its thin
texture, long narrow frond, and distant veins. An authentic specimen of A. brachyneu-
ron, Fee, from Guadeloupe, is smaller in size, but does not otherwise differ.

15. A. Herminieri, Bory ; rhizome stout, woody, short-creeping, the scales
dense, linear, reddish-brown, £-1 in. 1. ; st. tufted, Very short or none ; barren
fr. l|-3 ft. 1., 1-1 £ in. br., the point acuminate, the lower part narrowed very
gradually ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked, the upper one with a metallic
gloss ; veins immersed, indistinct, usually once forked ; fertile fr. short-stalked,
3-4 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 216.

Hab. Cuba to Brazil. — Distinguished by its very large sword-shaped barren fronds of
coriaceous texture, a striking contrast to its small subsessile oblong fertile ones.

16. A. Lingua, Raddi ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping, the scales small, ovate,
dark-brown ; ,9^. 6-12 in. 1., stramineous, firm, erect, nearly naked ; barren fr.
6-9 in. 1., 23 in. br., the point acute, the base narrowed suddenly ; texture cori-
aceous ; both sides nearly naked, the edge thickened ; veins subparallel, simple
or once forked ; fertile fr. much narrower than the barren one. — A. latifolium,
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 202 (in part}.

Hab. West Indies to Brazil and Peru. — Differs from latifolium in the rhizome, scales,
and shape of the frond. We cannot distinguish from this an authenticated specimen of
A. scandens, Fee, though a plant from Linden (74) is thinner in texture, with finer veins
and a satiny gloss.

17. A. luridwn, Fe'e ; rhizome woody, the scales linear, dark-brown, crisped ;
st. of barren frond 1-2 in., of the fertile 3-4 in. 1. ; fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br.,
oblong-spathulate, blunt or subacute, the edge thickened and slightly scaly, the
haft narrowed very gradually into the stem ; texture very coriaceous ; both sides
nearly naked ; veins subparallel, usually once forked ; edge of fertile frond flat or
slightly inflexed. — A. Scliomburgkii, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 200. (in part) <& Griseb. non
Fee.

60. ACROSTICHUM. 403

Hab. Trinidad and Guiana. — Differs only from A. latifolium by its blunter fronds of
subspathulate outline, with the edge slightly scaly.

18. A. Sieberi, Hk. & Gr. ; rhizome stout, woody, the scales ^ in. ]., linear-
subulate, nearly black ; st. 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect, stramineous, hardly at all
scaly \ fr. 3-12'in. 1., 1-3 in. br., the lower part narrowed very gradually, the
edge cartilaginous, entire ; texture coriaceous ; veins immersed, usually once
forked ; fertile fr. smaller than the barren one. — Hk, Sp. 5. p. 197. H. & G.
t. 237.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon ; and a similar plant, but with shorter and browner
scales, gathered by Mann at Fernando Po. — This has quite the habit of the next, but
the scales are different.

] 9. A. latifolium, Sw. ; rhizome thick, woody, often creeping, the scales lan-
ceolate, crisped, dark or light-brown ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, stramineous,
naked or slightly scaly ; barren fr. 9-18 in. 1., 2-4 in.br., the point acute, the
lower part narrowed gradually, the edge entire, thickened and cartilaginous;
texture very coriaceous ; both sides naked or nearly so ; fertile fr. considerably
narrower than the barren one. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 202.

Hab. Mexico and Cuba to Brazil and Peru. — From this we cannot distinguish clearly
A. longifolium, Jacq., A. Sartorii, Liebm., A. Blanchetii and Tovarense, Mett., A. seal-
pellum, Mart., A. alismcefolium, Schomburgkii, Funckii, and andicola, Fe'e, and the
Javan A. callcefolium of Blume. A plant from the Seychelles is probably the same.

** Both surfaces nearly or quite naked, the edge of the frond fringed.
Sp. 20-24.

20. A. stramineum, Mett. ; rhizome short, stout, the scales lanceolate-subulate,
often \ in. 1., bright-brown ; st. 5-9 in. 1., stramineous, finally naked ; barren fr.
3-5 in. 1., f-lj in. br., narrowed gradually to both ends ; texture subcoriaceous ;
the margin ciliated but the scales deciduous ; fertile fr. l|-2 in. 1., ^-| in. br.,
the st. 2-4| in. 1.— Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 200.

Hab. N. Granada, Lindig, 251. — Very near the next species.

21. A. melanopus, Kze. ; rhizome short-creeping, densely clothed with small
reddish-brown linear scales ; st. 2-3 in. 1., densely clothed with linear spreading
dark chesnut-brown scales ; barren fr. 5-8 in. 1., 2 in. br., the apex acuminate,
the base rounded or subcuneate ; texture coriaceous ; veins lax, the margin
ciliated with similar scales ; fertile fr. 3-4 in. 1., £ in. br., on a longer stem. —
Mett. Fil. H. Lips. p. 19. t. 1.

Hab. Venezuela. — This comes near the small forms of the next, and there are a few
scales on the lower part of the midrib beneath.

22. A. hybridum, JBory ; rhizome woody, the scales dense, J-| in. 1., linear,
crisped, dark chesnut-brown ; st. subtufted, 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, with scattered
squarrose linear dark scales ; barren fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., the point
acuminate, the base rather rounded ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked
except the midrib beneath, the edge ciliated with linear-subulate scales ; veins
immersed, usually once forked ; fertile fr. much smaller than the others. —
j8, A. Vulcani^ Leperv. ; fr. ovate-oblong, cuspidate, 3-4 in. 1., l\ in. br. — Hk.
Sp. 5. p. 231.

Hab. Mascaren Isles, Natal, Tristan d'Acunha, Cameroon Mountains, Fernando Po,
Mexico to Brazil. — The scales here are from 1 to 1| line long, and often fall quite away
as the frond matures. A. Lindbergii, Mett., from Brazil, appears to be identical with
this.

23. A. decurrens, Desv. ; rhizome woody, the scales large, ovate, dull-brown ;

404 60. ACROSTICHUM.

st. 1-4 in. 1., firm, erect, scaly ; fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 2-3 in. br., the apex very
blunt, the lower part narrowed into the stem very gradually ; texture very
thick ; both sides naked, but the edge densely fringed with minute ovate-
acuminate brown scales ; veins immersed, nearly hidden. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 203.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 144. — This is referred by J. Smith to A. obtusifolium,
Willd.

24. A. decoratum, Kze. ; caud. very stout, the scales ^-f in. 1., linear, bright-
brown, crisped ; st. 4-8 in. 1., firm, erect, densely clothed with blunt squarrose
scales often J-f in. L, 2 lin. br. ; barren fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 3-4 in. br., the point
acute, the base rounded, the edge densely fringed with scales like those of the
stem, but small ; texture coriaceous ; veins subparallel, usually once forked,
sometimes anastomosing ; fertile fr. nearly as large as the other. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 195.

Hab. West Indies, Guiana, Peru.

*** Surface of the frond slightly scaly. Sp. 25-45.
A. Fronds 1-4 inches long. Sp. 25-32.

25. A. Feei, Bory; rhizome filiform, very wide-creeping, the scales linear,
reddish-brown, scarcely spreading ; st. ^-1-| in. 1., slightly scaly ; barren fr. 1-2
in. 1., J in. br., the point bluntish, the edge conspicuously repand, the lower
part narrowed gradually ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides with a few small
ovate-acuminate scales ; fertile fr. J-J in. 1., £ in. br., on longer stems than the
others.— HL Sp. 5. p. 222. 2nd Cent. t. 92.

Hab. West Indies to Ecuador.

26. A. cardiophyllum, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping, J in. thick, densely
clothed with rather large lanceolate dark-brown scales ; st. 1-1 ?r in. 1., slightly
scaly, the upper part winged ; barren fr. f-l£ in. 1., f-£ in. br., the point blunt,
the base cordate, with a narrow decurrent haft ; texture very thick ; under side
with a few small linear dark chesnut-brown scales ; veins immersed ; fertile fr.
similar to the other, but the stem longer. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 229. Ic. t. 715.

Hab. Andes of Quito, Jameson, 212, 395.

27. A. squamipes, Hk. ; rhizome firm, but not woody, wide-creeping, clothed
with adpressed lanceolate acuminate bright-brown scales ; st. 1-2 in. apart,
£-l^r in. 1., clothed with similar scales ; barren fr. ^-1 in. L, §~| in. br., the
point blunt, the base rounded to a slight haft ; texture coriaceous ; under side
with a few small linear reddish-brown scales ; veins raised beneath ; fertile fr.
rather smaller than the other, and the stem much longer. — Hk. /Sp. 5. p. 228.
Ic. 1. 197.

Hab. N. Granada and Peru. — We cannot distinguish from this the Mexican A . ovatum,
Liebm., not Hk. A. humile, Mett. (N. Granada, Lindig, 167), is said to be like this,
but to have an oblong fertile frond (1^ in. 1., 4 lin. br.) larger than the barren one.

28. A. Lindeniy Bory ; rhizome short, firm, the scales dense, fibrillose, nearly
black ; st. tufted, 4-9 in. 1., very slender, with a few scattered linear scales ;
barren fr. 1-4 in. 1., f-l£ in. br., the point bluntish or acute, the base rounded ;
texture subcoriaceous; the edge thinly ciliated with subulate bright-brown
scales, which are sometimes scattered over the under surface ; veins visible,
terminating within the edge ; fertile fr. much smaller than the other. — Hk. Sp.
5. p. 223. A. venustum, Liebm.

Hab. Mexico to Ecuador and Brazil. — The scales of the frond are longer and more
hair-like than its allies.

60. ACROSTICHUM. 405

29. A. squarrosum, Klotzsch ; rhizome wide- creeping, the scales dense, linear,
dark chesnut-brown ; st. ^-1^ in. L, slender, slightly scaly ; barren fr. 2-3 in. 1.,
^ in. br., narrowed gradually to both ends ; texture herbaceous, the under surface
with scattered linear dark-chesnut scales ; veins visible ; fertile fr. \ in. L, \ in.
br., the stem 2 in. \.—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 224.

Hab. Columbia, Monte, 319. — Most like the last, but the scales different, and the
frond a different shape.

30. A. Lloense, Hk. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, the scales adpressed,
lanceolate-acuminate, ferruginous ; st. 1-2 in. apart, 2-5 in. L, slender, slightly
scaly ; barren fr. 2-4 in. 1., \-l\ in» br., the point blunt or acute, the base
narrowed suddenly or rather rounded ; texture subcoriaceous ; under surface
with a few small linear dark chesnut-brown scales ; veins visible, not reaching
the edge ; fertile fr. much smaller than the other, on a longer stem. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 229. Ic. t. 657.

Hab. Mexico, along the Andes to Peru.

31. A. heteromorphum, Klotzsch ; rhizome filiform, wide-creeping, the scales
small, scattered, lanceolate-acuminate, brown ; st. 1-3 in. L, slender, slightly
scaly ; barren fr. l|-2 in. 1., f-1 in. br., the point bluntish, the base rounded;
texture thin but firm ; both sides scattered over with linear dark castaneous
scales ; veins conspicuous, raised and darker in colour than the rest of the frond ;
fertile fr. much smaller and the st. much longer. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 224.

Hab. Columbia and Ecuador.

32. A. Huacsaro, Rinz. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales short,
black, fibrillose ; st. of barren frond 1 in. 1., clothed with small furfuraceous
scales ; barren fr. 3-4 in. L, |-f in. br., the point very blunt, the lower part
narrowed very gradually ; texture coriaceous ; the lower surface viscid, the upper
with scattered minute furfuraceous scales ; veins fine, close, indistinct; fertile fr.
narrower than the other and the st. much longer. — A. Calaguala, Klotzsch. Hk.
Sp. 5. p. 218. A. Ruizianum, Moore.

Hab. Columbia to Peru. — Distinguished from all the preceding by its ligulate fronds
and very coriaceous texture.

B. Barren fronds 6-18 inches long. Sp. 33-45.

33. A. Gardnerianum, Fee ; caud. woody, erect, the scales large, ovate-lan-
ceolate, pale-brown ; st. tufted, 1-2 in. L, firm, erect, densely clothed with
similar spreading scales ; barren fr. 4-6 in. L, f-1 in. br., the point blunt, the
base rather rounded ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface nearly naked, lower
with small thickly scattered furfuraceous scales ; veins raised beneath, fine,
usually once forked ; fertile fr. narrower than the other, narrowed at the base
on a stem 6-8 in. 1. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 233.

Hab. Brazil and Venezuela. — Texture and general habit of conforme, but the scales
almost dense enough to entitle it to a place in the next group.

34. A. alpestre, Gardn. ; rhizome wide-creeping, densely clothed with lan-
ceolate acuminate bright-chesnut scales ; st. of barren frond 4-5 in. L, erect,
slightly scaly ; barren fr. 6 in. L, f in. br., bluntish at both ends ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; surface rather thickly scattered over with small linear bright-
chesnut scales ; veins distant, prominent ; barren fr. 2-3 in. L, £ in. br., the
st. 1 ft. L— Sert. PL t. 25. A. exirnium, Mett.

Hab. Organ Mountains, Brazil, Gardner, 5924 ; N. Granada, Lindig, 318. — Differs
from the next principally by its shorter fertile frond rounded at the base.

406 60. ACROSTICHUM.

85. A. lineare, Fee ; rhizome short-creeping, the scales dense, linear, glossy-
brown ; st. of barren frond 1-3 in. L, slender, thinly clothed with squarrose
linear scales ; barren fr. 8-12 in. 1., j-f in. br., narrowed very gradually to both
ends ; texture thin, midrib beneath with a few linear scales and under surface
slightly furfuraceous ; veins distant, not reaching the edge ; fertile fr. not more
than 2-3 in. 1., on a slender stem 4-8 in. 1. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 221.

Hab. Brazil, Gardner, 98, 5927 ; and a plant from Bourbon differs only by its more
distinct raised veins. — This is very likely a narrow-fronded variety of the next, with
which it agrees in clothing and texture.

36. A. Aubertii, Desv. ; rhizome woody, short-creeping, the scales dense,
linear, bright-brown ; st. of barren frond 1-6 in. 1., clothed with squarrose linear
brown scales ; barren fr. 1 ft. or more 1., ^-1 in. br., the point acute, the lower
part narrowed gradually, the edge entire or subrepand ; texture thin ; midrib and
edge slightly ciliated with scales like those of the stem ; veins fine, conspicuous,
usually simple, 1 lin. apart ; fertile fr. 2-3 in. L, ^-f in. br., narrowed suddenly
at the 'base, the stem 6-9 in. \.-HTc. Sp. 5. p. 219.

Hab. Bourbon, Natal, Zambesi-land, Fernando Po, Venezuela (vl. Klotzschii, Moritz),
Guatemala. — A well-marked species, differing from viscosum in texture, clothing, and
veining.

37. A. dimorphum, Hk. & Gr. ; rhizome stout, horizontal, the scales lanceolate,
dark-brown ; st. close, 4-6 in. 1., slender, erect, slightly scaly throughout ;
barren fr. 3-5 in. L, £-f in. br., the point bluntish, the edge deeply and irregularly
crenate ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides covered with minute white dots ; veins
subparallel, simple or forked ; fertile fr. much smaller than the barren one,
nearly entire.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 208. Hk. $ Gr. t. 145. 2nd Cent. t. 90.

Hab. St. Helena. — The only JElaphoglossum that has the fronds distinctly incised or
crenated.

38. A. viscosurn, Sw. ; rhizome woody, short-creeping, the scales dense, fibril-
lose, dark chesnut-brown ; st. 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect, furfuraceous, often viscous ;
barren fr. 6-12 in. 1., ^-1 in. br., the apex acute, the lower part narrowed
gradually ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides more or less viscid and minutely
furfuraceous ; veins close and fine ; fertile fr. smaller, and on longer stems than
the others.—- #£. Sp. 5. p. 220. Hk. $ Gr. t. 64.

Hab. Cuba to Brazil and Peru ; Himalayas to Ceylon, Java, and Philippines ; Sey-
chelles, Mascaren Isles, Fernando Po, Angola. — From the large forms of this we cannot
distinguish clearly A. xanthoneuron, Karstenianum, dissimile, and curvans, Kze. The
two latter are described as squamulose, but both our authentic specimens are nearly
naked. The frond often becomes quite naked in an old state, and then the plant is
difficult to recognize. A. stigmatolepis andfalcatum, Fde, we cannot separate clearly.

39. A. ciliatum, Presl ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent, the scales short, dense,
deciduous, linear, dark chesnut-brown ; st. of barren frond 6-9 in. 1., firm, erect,
slightly scaly ; barren fr. 12-18 in. 1., f-lj in. br., the point acute, the base
narrowed gradually ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides nearly naked ; the edge
deciduously furfuraceous ; veins fine, close, indistinct ; fertile fr. smaller and on
much longer stems than the others. — A. Preslianum, Fe"e. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 220.
(not p. 265).

Hab. Columbia to Peru. — Probably a variety of the last, from which it differs chiefly
by its woody wide-scandent rhizome and larger barren fronds.

40. A. pilosum, H. B. K. ; rhizome woody, the scales large, dense, lanceolate,
pale-brown ; st. 6-8 in. L, firm, flexuose, slightly scaly ; barren fr. flexuose,
6-8 in. L, | in. br., the point acute, the base narrowed gradually ; texture
herbaceous ; both sides, especially the under one, clothed with small bright-

60. ACROSTICHUM. 407

brown scales, each like a tuft of stellate hairs ; veins conspicuous, very close. —
H*.Sp.5.p.24l.

Hab. Mexico to Columbia. — Easily distinguished by its texture and clothing.

41. A. sainoense, Baker ; rhizome short, woody, the scales long, dense, fibril--
lose, glossy, dark chesnut-brown ; st. 4-6 in. 1., clothed with squarrose woolly
deciduous hairs ; barren fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., the point bluntish and the
base narrowed rather suddenly ; texture herbaceous ; surfaces and especially the
midrib clothed with soft bright silky brownish hairs ; veins sometimes twice
forked ; barren fr. much smaller than the other. — Elaphoglossum, Brack, t. 9.

Hab. Polynesian Islands. — Very like the last in texture and general habit, but the
scales both of the rhizome and surface are very different. Judging from the figure, the
Chilian A. Webbii, Bory, may be identical with this,

42. A. apodum, Kaulf. ; caud. thick, woody, the scales dense, linear, bright-
brown, crisped ; st. tufted, none or short, when present densely clothed with
squarrose fibrillose bright-brown scales ; barren fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 1^-2 in. br.,
the apex acuminate, the lower part narrowed very gradually ; texture subco-
riaceous but thin ; the edge and midrib densely fringed with soft short brown
hairs ; veins fine, simple or once forked ; fertile fr. much smaller than the barren
one.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 213. Hk. & Gr. t. 99.

Hab. West Indies to Brazil and Peru. — The West Indian specimens are thinner and
less ciliated than the Continental ones.

43. A. scolopendrifdium, Raddi ; rhizome woody, short- creeping, the scales
long, linear, dark chesnut-brown, crisped ; st. 4-12 in. 1., firm, erect, densely
clothed with spreading, nearly black, long fibrillose scales ; barren fr. often 1 ft.
1., 1^-3 in. br., the apex acute, the base narrowed gradually ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; edge and midrib more or less densely ciliated with scales like those
of the stem, but smaller ; veins subparallel, usually once forked ; fertile fr. much
smaller than the barren one, — Hk. Sp. 5« p. 211. A. barbatum, Karst. A.
erinaceum, Fee.

Hab. Guatemala, along the Andes to Peru. — A plant from Fendler has the veins not
^infrequently joining. A. Hystrix, Kze., seems nearly allied. An Ecuador plant from
Jameson is densely ciliated not only on the edge, but over the surface. The scales are
like those of A . hybridum, but much more copious.

44. A. Cumingii, Fee ; rhizome woody, the scales large, ovate, dull-brown ;
st. 6-8 in. 1., firm, erect, clothed in the lower part with similar scales ; barren fr.
8 in. 1., 1^ in. br., the point blunt, the base narrowed gradually, the edge
densely fringed with minute scales ; texture very thick ; the upper surface
clothed all over with very minute scattered scales ; veins quite hidden ; fertile fr.
as long but narrower than the barren one. — Fee, Acrostich. 34.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 193. — Perhaps a subfurfuraceous variety of decurrens, with
which it agrees in texture and general habit.

45. A. Boryanum, Fe'e ; rhizome woody, the scales dense, linear-subulate,
nearly black ; st. tufted, 3-9 in. 1., more or less densely clothed with ovate-
acuminate or lanceolate pale-brown scales ; barren fr. often 1 ft. 1., 3 in. br.,
the point acute, the base rounded ; texture almost papyraceous, flaccid ; both
sides thinly clothed with small ovate or peltate furfuraceous scales, which fringe
the edge densely ; veins immersed, very distinct, simple or once forked, ending
in black dots within the edge ; fertile fr. much smaller and on longer st. than
the barren one. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 210.

Hab. West Indies. — The Ecuador plant mentioned in " Sp. Fil." seems to belong to
A. scol opendrifolium.

408 60. ACROSTICHUM.

**** Surface of the frond densely scaly. Sp. 46-65.
A. Fronds 1-4 inches long. Sp. 46-52.

46. A. ovatum, Hk. ; rhizome filiform, very wide-creeping, with slender fibril-
lose bright-brown scales ; st. distant, J-J in. 1., clothed with spreading scales ;
barren fr. ^-f in. 1., f -J in. br., roundish or broadly ovate ; texture subcoria-
ceous ; both sides often densely clothed with fimbriated ferruginous scales ;
veins hidden ; fertile fr. the largest, and on longer stems. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 228.
Hk. Sf Gr. t. 140.

Hab. Mexico to Ecuador and South Brazil. — Best distinguished from the small forms
of spathulatum by its wide-creeping rhizome.

47. A. procurrens, Mett. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping, with squarrose
linear-subulate bright-brown scales ; st. 0-1 in. 1., slender, ciliated ; barren fr.
1-3 in. 1., f-f in. br., spathulate, the point blunt, the haft narrowed very
gradually ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides scattered over and the edge ciliated
with long, linear, dark chesnut-brown scales ; veins distant, slender ; fertile fr.
much smaller than the others. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 226.

Hab. Cuba, Fendler, 793. — Most likely a small form of vittosum. The scales of the
frond are the same, but that has the stems tufted.

48. A. spathulatum, Bory ; st. densely tufted, 1-2 in. 1., firm, erect, clothed with
soft spreading brown fibrillose scales ; barren fr. ^-4 in. 1., \-\ in. br., obovate-
spathulate, the point blunt, the base tapering narrowly or gradually ; texture
coriaceous ; both sides scattered over and the edge usually densely ciliated with
small linear-subulate reddish-brown scales ; veins hidden ; fertile fr. smaller
than the other and the stem longer,— A. piloselloides, Presl. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 227.
Fil.Ex.t.W.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Brazil and Peru ; Tristan d'Acunha, Ceylon, Natal, Mas-
caren Isles. — A.obtmatum, Carm. Hk. & Gr. t. 22, from Tristan d'Acunha, and A. Rad-
dianum, Hk. & Gr. t. 4, are forms, the latter with the stem especially densely clothed with
dark-brown fibrillose scales, and the frond 3-4 in 1., 5 in. br.

49. A. Matthewsii, Fee ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, the scales small,
dense, linear, nearly black ; st. 2-3 in. 1., wiry, clothed throughout with small
lanceolate scales, nearly black in the middle, with a grey border ; barren fr.
2-3 in. 1., |-f in. br., both ends narrowed gradually ; texture coriaceous ; scales
small, dense, peltate or ovate, brown or nearly black in the middle, with a pale
sometimes silvery border ; veins hidden ; fertile fr. larger than the others, on
longer stems.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 230. A. Hartwegii, Fee, Hk. I. c.

Hab. Andes, from Mexico to Peru. — This should probably be regarded as a more
scaly variety of A. Huacsaro, with which it agrees in texture and mode of growth.

50. A. acrocarpon, Mart. ; rhizome woody, often 1-2 ft. 1., clothed with slender
squarrose subulate dark-brown scales ; st. distant, those of the barren fr. 2-3 in. 1.,
fibrillose throughout ; barren fr. 3-4 in. 1., J-§ in. br., the point blunt, the base
narrowed gradually ; texture coriaceous, the edge inflexed, the upper surface
clothed with minute peltate furfuraceous scales, the lower scaly on the elevated
midrib throughout ; veins simple ; fertile fr. like the barren one, but the stem
longer.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 208.

Hab. N". Granada, Ecuador, Brazil. — The fronds of this are like those of the last in
texture and shape, but are not scaly over the surface beneath.

51. A. succiscefolimn, Thouars ; rhizome woody, the scales dense, linear-
subulate, nearly black ; st. 2-3 in. 1., firm, erect, densely clothed with spreading

60. ACROSTICHUM. 409

linear scales, dark chesnut in the centre, grey at the edge ; barren fr. 3-4 in. 1.,
1-1^ in. br., blunt at both ends ; texture coriaceous ; both sides densely clothed
with pale-brown linear scales ; veins hidden ; fertile fr. smaller than the other
and on a much longer stem.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 241. Hk. & Gr. t. 2.

Hab. Tristan d'Acunha, and reported also from Bourbon and Mauritius. — Habit of
A. conforme.

B. Fronds 6-18 inches long. Sp. 52-65.

52. A. cinnamomeum, Baker ; rhizome short-creeping, the scales dense, linear,
bright reddish-brown ; st. 3-4 in. 1., firm, densely clothed with similar but
narrower squarrose scales ; barren fr. 4-6 in. 1., §~| in. br., narrowed gradually
to both ends ; texture coriaceous ; both sides, especially the lower one, densely
clothed with long bright-yellow hair-like scales, which are scarcely at all
flattened or ciliated ; veins hidden ; fertile fr. shorter and blunter than the other,
the stem longer.

Hab. Cameroon Mountains and Clarence Peak, Fernando Po, G. Mann. — This agrees
with the next in size and habit, but the scales are quite different.

53. A. lepidotum, Willd. ; rhizome thick, woody, the scales very dense, linear,
glossy, black ; st. 1-3 in. 1., firm, scaly throughout ; barren fr. 3-6 in. 1.,
§-f in. br., the point usually blunt, the base cuneate or rather rounded ; texture
coriaceous ; scales furfuraceous and white on the upper surface, large, dense,
ovate, ciliated, and ferruginous on the lower one, those on the midrib with a
black middle ; veins hidden; fertile fr. similar to the other, but the stem longer.
-HLSp.5.p.2Q8.

Hab. Andes, from Columbia to Peru. — To this appear to belong A. Engelii, Karsten,
A. Dombeyanum, Fde, the West Indian A. vestitum, Schlecht., and Mexican A. fulvum,
M. & Gr., and probably A. rufescens, Liebm. It may be a dwarf mountain variety of

54. A. strictum, Raddi ; rhizome woody, short-creepirig, densely clothed with
small lanceolate dark chesnut-brown conspicuously ciliated scales ; st. 1-2 in. 1.,
clothed with similar scales ; barren fr. 4-6 in. L/J-J in. br., narrowed to both
ends ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins mostly simple ; upper surface nearly or quite
naked when old, lower densely clothed with bright reddish-brown scales, which
are almost reduced to stellate tufts of hairs ; fertile fr. about equal to the other,
but the stem longer. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 225.

Hab. Brazil and Columbia. — This bears the same relation to auricomum that lepidotum
does to muscosum.

55. A. villosum, Sw. ; rhizome woody, but not thick, densely clothed with
bright-brown soft fibrillose scales ; st. tufted, 2-4 in. 1., slender, densely clothed
with spreading scales like those of the base ; barren fr. 6-9 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., the
point acute, the lower part narrowed gradually ; texture thin and flaccid ; both
sides with scattered scales like those of the stem, and the edge usually densely
ciliated ; veins distant, usually once forked, clubbed at the point and not
reaching the edge ; fertile fr. much smaller than the other. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 225.
Hk. $ Gr. t. 95.

Hab. Mexico and Cuba to Peru. — A plant gathered by Barter at Sierra Leone is like
this, but more robust and more scaly. A . undulatum, Willd., Hk. Sp. 5. p. 212, is evidently
a form. It is larger and thinner than the type, with main veins two lines apart. A. seto-
sum, Liebm., is a small form, less scaly than usual, and A. Plumieri, Fe'e, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 226,
a thin variety, with the edge of the frond repand. This may be known from all its
neighbours, except cinnamomeum, by the scales, however dense, being uniform, and not
at all flattened.

3 F

410 60. ACROSTICIIUM.

56. A. tectum, Wiild. ; rhizome thick, woody, the scales dense, linear, rigid,
black ; st. 3-4 in. 1., firm, erect, clothed with small furfuraceous adpressed and a
few spreading scales ; barren fr. 6-12 in. 1., i-f in. br., narrowed gradually to
both ends ; texture coriaceous ; lower or both sides clothed with small thin
scales, which are brown, darker in the centre, ultimately bleached ; veins
hidden ; fertile fr. narrower than the others, on longer stems. — A. rubiginosum,
Fee. HL Sp. 5. p. 222.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to South Brazil and Peru. — Distinguished by its long
narrow frond, the upper surface of which is nearly or quite naked, with the scales
beneath, though dense, thin and closely adpressed. A . Schiedei and nivosum of Kunze
appear both to belong here.

57. A. Bettermanianum, Klotzsch ; rhizome woody, the scales dense, linear,
glossy, reddish-brown ; st. 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect, densely clothed with large
spreading ovate-lanceolate pale-brown scales ; barren fr. 4-6 in. 1., 1|-1| in. br.,
the point very blunt, the base cuneate or rather rounded ; texture coriaceous ;
both sides with small scattered furfuraceous scales, those on the midrib beneath
black in the middle ; veins slightly raised, usually once forked ; fertile fr. much
narrower than the others and on longer stems. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 236.

Hab. Columbia and Ecuador. — Habit and texture of A . conforme.

53. A. muscosum, Sw. ; rhizom? woody, short, the scales dense, glossy, linear,
bright chesnut-brown ; st. 4-6 in. 1., firm, clothed with large ovate spreading
pale-brown ciliated scales ; barren fr. 6-12 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., narrowed at both
ends ; texture coriaceous ; upper surface slightly scaly, at last often naked, lower
quite hidden by imbricated ovate-acuminate short-ciliated ferruginous scales,
which are often dark chesnut-brown in the middle ; barren fr. much smaller
than the other, the st. longer.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 231. A. Langsdorffii, //. & G.
t. 234.

Firmer in texture than A . squamosum, and often glabrous above when mature, but even
more densely scaly beneath, but the cilia of the scales much shorter. A. polylepis, Kze.,
A. rupestre, deorsum, caulolepia, and truncicola, Karst., are either this or closely allied.

59. A. obductum, Kaulf. ; rhizome woody, the scales dense, rigid, fibrillose,
black ; st. 3-4 in. 1., firm, erect, the scales small, peltate, and also linear, with a
black centre and grey edge ; barren fr. 12-15 in. 1., 1-1 J in. br., the point acute,
the base narrowed gradually ; texture subcoriaceous ; upper surface naked, lower
thinly matted with small pale peltate scales ; veins conspicuous ; fertile fr. much
smaller than the other.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 237.

Hab. Mauritius and Bourbon. — Most like the large forms of viscosum in habit and
texture. The scales are altogether peltate and very minute, and the coating, though
close, is very thin, and easily rubs away. The American A. elongatum, Kze., gathered
in Peru by Poppig, and in Brazil by Lindberg, does not appear to be safely separable
from this.

60. A. auricomum, Kunze ; caud. erect, woody, the scales linear, reddish-
brown ; st. 2-3 in. 1., densely clothed with spreading linear and soft fibril] ose
scales like those of the base; barren fr. 12-18 in. 1., ~\\ in. br., the point
acuminate, the lower part narrowed very gradually ; texture subcoriaceous ;
upper surface naked or slightly scaly, lower thinly matted with minute bright-
brown scales, densest and longest on the midrib ; veins close, mostly simple ;
fertile fr. 1 ft. 1., § in. br., the st. 5 in. \.-Hk. Sp. 5. p. 239.

Hab. Andes, from Columbia to Peru, and reported by ~F6e from Mexico. — Probably
a variety of squamosum. The scales are bright reddish-brown, and reduced down, except
on the midrib, to mere stellate tufts of hair. A. mcridense, Klotzsch, is like this, except
that the stem is longer, and the scales of the stem and midrib are not so narrow or so
dense.

60. ACROSTICKUM. 411

61. A. tomentosum, Bory ; rhizome woody, the scales dense, black, fibrillose ;
st. 3-5 in. 1., rigid, erect, densely clothed with linear short-ciliated scales, of
which the upper ones are quite white, the lower ones black in the middle ;
barren fr. 1 ft. or more 1., 1-lJ in. br., the point bkmtish, the lower part
narrowed very gradually ; texture thick but flaccid ; both sides matted witrr^
scales like those of the stem and small adpressed white furfuraceous ones ; veins
distant ; fertile fr. narrower than the other, on a stem 1 ft. or more 1. — A.
heterolepis, Fee. Hk. Sp. 5. p. 234.

Hab. Bourbon. — Not unlike A. Sieberi in texture and general habit, but densely scaly,
and the scales peculiar.

62. A. cuspidatum, Willd. ; rhizome thick, woody, the scales dense, linear-
subulate, black, or nearly so ; st. 6-15 in. 1., firm, erect, clothed with deciduous
adpressed dark- coloured scales ; barren fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 3-4 in. br., the point
cuspidate, the base not narrowed very gradually ; texture coriaceous ; upper
surface nearly naked, lower densely matted with small furfuraceous ciliated
brown scales ; veins fine and close ; fertile fr. rather smaller than the other, the
stem about the same. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 235. A. Lindigii, Karst. t. 3.

Hab. West Indies to Peru. — The representative of A. latifolium in this group. The
scales, though dense, are altogether adpressed and peltate, as in obductum. A. lamina-
rioides, Bory, seems to be closely allied.

63. A. perelegans. Fee ; rhizome woody, the scales linear, dark-brown ; st. 6-8
in. 1., firm but slender, slightly scaly ; barren fr. 8-12 in. 1., l^-H m* Drv tne
point subacute, the base narrowed rather suddenly ; texture subcoriaceous ;
lower surface matted all over with small bright-brown scales, which are scattered
over the upper surface; veins conspicuous, usually simple; fertile fr. linear. —
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 232.

Hab. Dominica, Imray, 101, and reported also from Brazil and Peru. — Most like the
last, but not so coriaceous. The scales beneath are not matted so densely, and though
all small, as compared with those of squamosum and muscosum, are some of them lanceolate
and ciliated.

64. A. Sprucei, Baker ; rhizome woody, short-creeping, the scales dense,
fibrillose, bright reddish-brown ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., rather slender, thickly
clothed throughout with decurved pale-brown linear scales, some \ in. 1. ;
barren fr. 2 ft. 1., 3 in. br., narrowed to both ends ; texture herbaceous ; veins
distinct, usually simple, £ in. apart ; upper surface thinly clothed with scales
like those of the stern but smaller, the lower more thickly with pale scales, which
are cordate, broad and distinctly ciliated in the lower half, then narrowed
suddenly to a linear point ; fertile fr. unknown.

Hab. Foot of Mount Chimborazo, Spruce. — The peculiar scales of the lower surface
are enough scattered to be each seen as a distinct object.

65. A. squamosum, Sw. ; rhizome woody, the scales dense, rigid, linear, nearly
black ; st. 2-4 in. 1., densely clothed with unequal lanceolate ciliated pale or
dark-brown scales, the lower ones often nearly black ; barren fr. 6-12 in. 1.,
f-1 in. br., the point acute, the base narrowed gradually ; texture thick but
flaccid ; both sides matted and the edge densely ciliated with bright reddish-
brown ciliated linear or lanceolate scales ; veins hidden ; fertile fr. as long as the
other but much narrower, the stems much longer. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 240. A.
vestitum (paleaceum on the plate), Hk. & Gr. t. 235.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Ecuador and the Amazon Valley ; Sandwich Isles,
Sumatra, Ceylon, Neilgherries, Mascaren Isles, Guinea Coast, Madeira, Azores — Dis-
tinguished by its soft texture and copious long-ciliated scales. A, plumosum, Fde, and
probably A. Wagcncri, Kze., may be placed here with confidence.

412 60. ACROSTICHUM, ** STENOCHL^ENA.

** Stenochlgena, J. Sin. Barren fronds simply pinnate, the pinnce like those of
Lomaria in their shape, coriaceous texture, and fine close venation. Sp. 66-70.
Fig. 60. f. g.

66. A. (Steno.) sorbifolium, L. ; rhizome thick, woody, often 30-40 ft. 1.,
clasping trees like a cable, sometimes prickly ; jr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-12 in. br.,
simply pinnate ; barren pinnce 4-8 in. L, f-<| in. br., 3 to 20 on each side, articu-
lated at the base, the ed«e entire or toothed ; texture coriaceous or subcoriaceous ;
both sides naked ; rachis often winged ; fertile pinnce 1-2 in. apart, 2-4 in. 1.,
J-f in. br.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 241.

Hab. West Indies to Peru and South Brazil ; Fiji, Samoa, New Caledonia, Philip-
pines, Malaccas, Cochin China, Seychelles, Mascaren Isles, Angola, Guinea Coast. —
This corresponds to the genus Lomariopsis of Fe*e, who makes 17 species. The type
has 12 to 20 pairs of pinnae about 2-3 in. 1., f in. br., the edge slightly and irregularly
crenato-serrate ; S. longifolia, J. Sni. (Lomaria, Kaulf.), fewer pinnae, the edge more
distinctly toothed, and the base cuneate ; A. yapurense, Mart. (Gard. F. t. 57), pinnae
sometimes 1^ in. br., 3 to 6 on a side, almost entire, the texture not so coriaceous, and
the veining not so close ; L. fraxinea, Willd., short-stalked, entire, pinnge often 5-6 in. L,
1-1 \ in. br. ; L. Wrightii, Eaton, oblong-obovate pinnae remarkably narrowed at the
base, and cuspidate at the apex ; and L. cuspidata, Fee, long-stalked, ligulate-cuspidate
pinnae sometimes 8 in. 1. Here also, as abnormal forms, probably belong A. buxifolium,
Kze., pinnae sessile, coriaceous, dark-green, oblong, very obtuse, under 1 in. L, | in. br. ;
L. variabilis, Fde, lower pinnae deeply pinnatifid, with round crenated lobes ; Polyp. ?
binerve, Hk., and L. Smithii, F£e, frond sessile, deltoid, tripinnatifid, the pinnules small,
dichotomously forked, or with 2 ligulate lobes on each side.

67. A. (Steno.) decrescens, Baker ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent ; st. 2-3
in. 1., firm, slightly scaly; barren fr. 18 in. L, 4 in. br., with about 40 pinnae
on each side, those about a third of the way down the longest, and from this
narrowed very gradually down to mere auricles at the base ; pinnce close, § in. br.,
the edge obscurely crenulate ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; rachis slightly
winged upwards ; fertile pinnce ^ in. br., cuneate at the base or subpetiolate. — A.
polyphyllum, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 243. (not p. 269).

Hab. Cameroon Mountains, West Tropical Africa, Mann, 1391.

68. A. (Steno.) scandens, J. Sm. ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent, scaleless ;
st. 3-4 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., simply pinnate ;
barren pinnce 4-8 in. ]., f-1^ in. br., the point acuminate, the edge thickened
and serrulate, the base cuneate, sessile, or slightly stalked, articulated, and with
usually a gland on the upper side ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both sides
naked ; veins fine and close ; fertile pinnce 6-12 in. L, 1^-2 lin. br., the lower
ones 1-1 1 in. apart. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 249.

Hab. Himalayas and South China to Ceylon, Queensland, and Fiji. — The veins here
spring from a line (see fig. 60. f.) which runs parallel with the midrib, either quite close
to it or with a very narrow space between. Davallia achilleifolia, Wall. (Hk. Sp. 1.
p. 195. t. 56. D.), seems to be a deltoid tripinnatifid abnormal form.

69. A. (Steno.) laurifolium, Hk. ; st. firm, erect, naked ; fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 12-18
in. br., simply pinnate ; barren pinnce 6-9 in. L, 1^-lf in. br., narrowed gradually
from the cordate base to the apex, the edge sharply but finely toothed, the base
sessile, not articulated and without a gland ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both
sides naked ; veins fine and close ; fertile pinnce 6-10 in. 1., £-£ in. br., the lower
ones 1-2 in. apart. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 251.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 2261 ; Solomon Isles, Milne, 518.— Like the last, but larger,
and the pinnae not articulated.

70. A. (Steno.) tenuifolium, Baker ; rhizome wide-scandent, woody, slightly

60. ACROSTICHUM, *** POLYBOTRYA. 413

scaly ; barren fr. simply pinnate, the st. 4-6 in. 1., naked, firm, erect, the/r. 3-5
ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ; pinnae 6-12 in. 1., f-1^ in. br., the point acuminate, the edge
thickened and serrulate, the base short-stalked, with a gland on the upper side,
not articulated ; fertile fr. bipinnate, on a longer stem ; pinnae long-stalked, with
numerous distant pinnl. 2-3 in. 1., |-1 lin. br., spreading from the rachis at-
right angles ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both sides glossy ; veins fine and
close. — Lomaria, Desv. A. Meyerianum, Hk. Sp. 5. p. 250. G. F. t. 16.

Hab. Mascaren Isles and Natal. — Well distinguished from all the others by its com-
pound fertile pinnae.

#•-»-* Polybotrya, H. B. K. Barren frond not lomarioid in habit, variously
pinnatifid or pinnate, with the veins, except in the first species, pinnate in the
ultimate divisions of the barren frond. Fig. 60. c, d, e. Sp. 71-83.

71. A. (Polyb.) bifurcatum, Swz. ; st. densely tufted, 2-4 in. 1., slender,
stramineous, naked ; fr. 3-4 in. 1., ^-| in. br., pinnate ; lower pinnce of
barren fr. usually 2- sometimes 3-cleft, with linear divisions, those of the barren
pinnse broader and not so deep ; texture herbaceous ; both sides naked ; a single
vein carried into each ult. division. — Ilk. /Sp. 5. p. 209. 2nd Cent. t. 91.
Microstaphyla, PresL

Hab. St. Helena.

72. A. (Polyb.) articulatum, Hk. ; st. firm, erect, nearly naked ; fr. ample,
probably several feet long, bipinnate ; barren pinna? (in our specimens) 9 in. 1.,
]^ in. br. ; pinnl. close, oblong, the point bluntish, the edge crenate, the upper
side distinctly auricled, and the lower obliquely truncate at the base ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; fertile pinnce 3-4 in. 1., stalked,
linear-cylindrical, auricled on the upper side at the base. — Hk, Sp. 5. p. 247.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 296.

73. A. (Polyb.) WilJcesianum, Hk. ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent, naked ; st.
6-9 in. 1., firm, erect, naked, stramineous ; fr. bipinnate, 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br.,
upper pinnce of the barren fr. entire in one of our specimens, usually all cut
down to the rachis into numerous unequal-sided rhomboidal pinnl.., which are
cuneate, especially below at the base, the rest of the edge deeply toothed ; texture
glossy, subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; fertile pinnl. stalked, linear-
cylindrical or oblong-subdimidiate. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 247.

Hab. Society Isles and New Caledonia. — This comes near the preceding, with
which Mettenius unites it. Both have the pinnae and pinnules distinctly jointed at the
base.

74. A. (Polyb.) apiifolium, Hk. ; caud. stout, woody, erect ; st. of barren fr.
2-3 in. 1., erect, densely clothed with tomentum ; barren fr. 4-6 in. each way,
deltoid, tripinnate ; pinnce close, only the lowest pair with pinnatifid pinnl. ;
ult. divisions oblong-rhomboidal, £-§ in. 1., the base equally cuneate, the outer
edge slightly toothed ; texture herbaceous ; rachises tomentose ; fertile fr. on a
slender naked st. 6-8 in. 1., the fr. panicled with a few distant slender simple
or compound beaded branches.— Hk. /Sp. 5. p. 248.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 26, Lolb. — This has altogether the habit of an Anemia, with
the fertile segments ball-like, with the sori all over the surface.

75. A. (Polyb.)/>/wm&cattfe, Baker ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent, scaly ; st.
of barren fr/9-10 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy, naked; barren fr. 1^-2 'ft. 1.,
nearly 1 ft.br., simply pinnate, with about *12 pinnce on each side below the
point, the lower ones sessile, 5-G in. 1., 1 in. br., the point acuminate, the edge in
the upper part sharply toothed, the base broadly rounded on the upper, truncate

414 60. ACROSTICHUM, *** POLYBOTRYA.

on the lower side ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veins fine,
in close pinnated groups, with two veinlets on each side ; st. of barren fr. 1 ft. 1. ;
barren pinnce pinnate, the lower ones 2-3 in. 1., 2-3 lin. br., the pinnl. oblong.

Hab. Tarapota, North Peru, Spruce, 4090.

76. A. (Polyb.) fractiseriale, Baker ; st. (of fertile fr.) 2ft. 1., naked ; barren fr.
4 ft. 1., 2 ft. DP., simply pinnate, with 16 pinnce on each side, the lower ones
short-stalked, 1 ft. 1., 1^-1 f in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge toothed, the base
rounded on the upper, truncate on the lower side ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and
both sides naked ; veins distinct, in pinnate groups of 3-4 on a side, with a simple
vein springing from the rachis midway between each group ; fertile pinnce
distant, simply pinnate, the lower ones 6 in. 1., f in. br.

Hab. Monte Campana, North Peru, Spruce, 4337. — This and the preceding are two
interesting novelties, easily recognisable from the other South American species by their
quite simple pinnse.

77. A. (Polyb.) aspidioides, Baker; 1 ft. high; st. densely clothed with lan-
ceolate-acuminate scales ; fr. bipinnatifid ; upper pinnce united at the base,
lower 2^ in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into blunt linear-oblong,
falcate subserrulate lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked ; fertile fr.
narrower, bipinnatifid, the lobes fertile on both sides, — Polybotrya, Griseb. Cat.
PL Cub. p. 276.

Hab. Cuba, Wright, 1827. — This we have not seen, and the description is compiled
from Grisebach, who compares the general habit of the plant to that of N. Filix-mas.

78. A. (Polyb.) pubens, Baker ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent, scaly ; st. 6-9
in. 1., firm, erect, villose, scaly below ; barren fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., the
lower pinnce 5-6 in. 1., 1J-1J in. br., cut more than halfway down to the midrib
into close blunt subentire oblong lobes J-f in. br. ; texture subcoriaceous ; all
the rachises villose and the under surface slightly so ; fertile pinnce 1 in. or more
apart, the upper ones simple, 3-4 in 1., £ in. br., the lower ones with a few short
branches spreading at right angles from the lower part. — Polyb. Kze. Linncea,
9. p. 23.

Hab. Brazil, Martins; Peru, Poppig, Spruce, 3880, 4740. — This is much less compound
than the next, with which it is united in " Sp. Fil.," the lower pinnae being not larger
than the central ones and pinnatifid only.

79. A. (Polyb.) acuminatum, Hk. ; rhizome thick, woody, wide-scandent,
densely scaly ; st. 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, scaly throughout ; barren fr. 1-2 ft. 1.,
often 1 ft. br., deltoid, bipinnate ; upper pinnce ©blong-lanceolate, slightly lobed,
truncate on the lower side at the base, 2-3 in. 1., |-1 in. br. ; lower pinnce 6-8
in. 1., 4-5 in. br., with several similar pinnl. on each side ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked ; fertile fr. I ft. 1., deltoid, tripinnate ; segm. short,
linear-oblong. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 245.

Hab. Brazil. — This resembles the least divided forms of the next in its barren frond,
but the fertile frond is more compact and more compound, with much shorter ultimate
divisions. The Peruvian P. nutans, Kze., seems to come near to this, but the fertile
frond is said to be subquadripinnatifid at the base.

80. A. (Polyb.) caudatum, Hk. ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent, often 1 in.
thick ; st. woody, erect, with long linear scales at the base ; fr. bipinnate or
tripinnatifid, 3-4 ft. 1., 1-3 ft. br., the upper barren pinnce lanceolate, pinnatifid,
the lower ones sometimes 18 in. 1., 6-10 in. br. ; pinnl. 3-5 in. 1., f-l£ in. br.,
the edge entire, with oblong-falcate lobes reaching halfway down to the
midrib ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; fertile pinnl. 2-3
in. 1., 1 lin. br., continuous or beaded, Jr-1 in. apart. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 244.

60. ACROSTICHUM, **** EGENOLEIA, ***** RHIPIDOPTERIS. 415

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Peru and Brazil. — This and A. pubens may be dis-
tinguished from the rest by their long dangling narrow-cylindrical fertile pinnules.

81. A. (Polyb.) osmundaceum, Hk. ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent, clothed
with long linear scales; st. 12-18 in. 1., firm, erect, stramineous, scaly only at^
the base ; fr. ample, tripinnatifid or tripinnate, the lower pinnae 1-2 ft. 1., 4-8
in. br. ; barren pinnl. stalked, lanceolate, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis
below into close subentire lobes ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; fertile
fr. arid pinnae nearly or quite as large as the barren ones ; segm. linear, cylin-

drical, J-i in. 1., with a space between them. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 246. A. cylindricum,
Hk. I. c.

Hab. Cuba to Ecuador and South Brazil.

82. A. (Polyb.) canaliculatum, Hk. ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent, spinulose
and densely clothed with linear scales ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., scaly throughout ;
fr. 2-3 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., tripinnate ; lower barren pinnae 6-9 in. 1., 4-5 in. br. ;
pinnl. lanceolate, stalked, cut down to the rachis below into oblong lobes ;
texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; fertile pinnl. close, the branches J in. 1.,
spreading at right angles and bearing 3-4 sessile balls of sori. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 247.

** Hab. Venezuela. — Very near the last, but the fertile segments moniliform.

83. A. (Polyb.) Lechlerianum, Hk. ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent, scaly ;
st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, scaly downwards ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br., the
barren one quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnae 6-9 in. 1., 4-5 in. br. ; pinnl. close, lan-
ceolate ; segm. oblong, cut down nearly to the rachis into ligulate lobes ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachises pubescent ; fertile pinnl. narrower, distant, the segm.
between oblong and cylindrical, with a space between them, the lower ones rather
beaded.— Hk. &p. 5. p. 246. 2nd Cent. t~ 97.

Hab. Peru, Lechler, 2156, Spruce, 4744 ; Ecuador, Jameson. — Much more divided
than any of the preceding.

**** Egenolfia, Schott. Differs from Polybotrya only by the presence of a seta,
in the sinus of the lobes of the ultimate divisions. Fig. 60. h, i, j. Sp. 84.

84. A. (Egenol.) appendiculutum, Willd. ; rhizome firm, woody ; barren fr.
6-18 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., simply pinnate, sometimes rooting at the apex ; st. 3-6
in. 1., erect, naked or slightly scaly ; pinnae 2-4 in. 1., f-f in. br., the edge
varying from subentire to cut halfway down to the midrib into blunt lobes, the
upper side often auricled, the lower one obliquely truncate at the base ; colour
dark-green ; texture papyraceous or subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; rachis often
rather scaly ; fertile fr. narrower, on a longer st., the pinnae roundish or oblong,
often distinctly stalked. — /3, A. Hamiltonianum, Wall. ; pinnce large, lanceolate,
acuminate, equal-sided, subentire, the fertile ones with the sori in bead-like
clusters without any connecting leafy membrane. — y, P. ludens, Wall. ; barren
pinnce I in. or more br., equal-sided, deeply pinnatifid, with crenulate lobes, the
lowest pair with several distinct pinnatifid pinnl. on the lower side ; fertile pinnce
linear-oblong, blunt, entire. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 251. Ex. F. 2. t. 198.

Hab. Himalayas to Hong-Kong, Ceylon, the Malaccas, and Philippines. — Fe'e enu-
merates eight species, and makes of the forms with moniliform fertile pinnae a sub-genus
(Granulina, Bory), but the extremes appear to pass into one another quite gradually.
P. Rdferiana, Kze., is a small form with beaded fertile pinnse and blunt slightly-lobed
barren ones a little truncate at the base beneath.

Rlripidopteris, Schott. Venation flabellate, the fertile fronds small, sub-
orbicular, uncut. Sp. 85. Fig. 60. k, 1.

85. A. (Rhip.) fldbdlatum, H. B. K. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st.
distant, 1-3 in. 1., slender, slightly scaly ; sterile fr. cuneato-flabellate, ^-f in.br.,

416 60. ACROSTICHUM, * ACONIOPTERIS AND OLFERSIA, ** STENOSEMIA.

entire or cleft, the outer edge crenate or dentate ; texture subcoriaceous ; fertile
fr. J in. br., orbicular.— JEfifr. Sp. 5. p. 252. Ic. t. 96.— ft A. tripartitum, Hk. ;
'barren fr. 2-3 times dichotomously forked, with cuneate or ligulate ult. divisions.
—Hk. & Gr. t. 118.

Hab. New Granada to Peru.

86. A. (Rhip.) peltatum, Sw. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st. distant,
slender, 1-3 in. 1., scaly throughout ; barren fr. 1-2 in. each way, repeatedly
dichotomously forked, with narrow linear ultimate divisions J-^ lin. br. ; texture
subcoriaceous ; fertile fr. % in. br., often 2-lobed.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 252.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Peru and Brazil.

87. A. (Rhip.) fceniculaceum, Hk. ; rhizome slender, wide-creeping ; st. distant,
slender, 2-8 in. ]., scaly throughout ; sterile fr. 1-2 in. br., very often dichoto-
mously forked, with filiform ultimate divisions ; texture subcoriaceous ; fertile fr.
f in. br., 2-lobed.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 253. Hk. $> Gr. t. 119.

Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Jameson, Spmce.

§§ Veins anastomosing. Sp. 88-132. *

* Veins united only near the margin. Sp. 88-90.
t Fronds simple. Aconiopteris, Presl. Sp. 88-89. Fig. 60. p. 9.

88. A. (Aeon.) subdiaphanum, Hk. & Gr. ; caud. woody, erect ; st. tufted, 2-6
in. •!., firm, erect, scaly ; barren fr. 4-8 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., both ends narrowed,
the edge entire ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins beneath very prominent, united by
a zigzag veinlet just within the edge ; fertile fr. much narrower, on a longer
stem.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 256. Hk. & Gr. t. 105.

Hab. St. Helena.

89. A. (Aeon.) gorgoneum, Kaulf. ; st. tufted, firm, erect, 1-2 in. 1., passing
gradually into the barren fr.9 which is 6-15 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., the point acute,
the lower two-thirds narrowed very gradually, the edge entire ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; surfaces naked; veins united by a straight veinlet just within the
margin ; fertile fr. smaller, narrower, on a st. 6 in. or more 1. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 254.

Hab. Sandwich and Society Isles. — Habit of A. latifolium.

ft Fronds pinnate. Olfersia, Raddi. Sp. 90. Fig. 60. m, n, o.

90. A. (Olf.) cervinum, Sw. ; rhizome woody, creeping, densely clothed with
long linear scales ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., scaly downwards ; barren fr. 2-4 ft. 1.,
simply pinnate ; pinnae 4-9 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., entire or nearly so, unequal at the
base ; texture coriaceous, naked ; veins prominent, united just within the edge
by a straight veinlet ; fertile pinnae distant, linear-lanceolate, bipinnate, with
short spreading subcylindrical pinnl. — Hk. & Gr. t. 81. Fil. Ex. t. 43. — ft O.
corcovadensis, Raddi ; fertile fr. simply pinnate only, the pinnse unbranched.
— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 254.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to South Brazil and Peru.— The extremes look very different,
but are connected by intermediates. There is a form with the barren pinnae deeply
pectinato-pinnatifid.

* Stenosemia, Presl. Veins forming one or two rows of areolce against the
midribs, the rest free. Sp. 91. Fig. 60. r, s.

91. A. (Steno.) aitritum, Sw. ; caud. erect, woody ; sterile fr. with a st. 6-9
in. 1., deltoid, 8-] 2 in. each way, ternate, the central segm. deeply pinnatifid,

60. ACROSTICHUM, *** SOROMANES, **** f GYMNOPTERIS. 417

with lanceolate entire lobes, the lateral ones unequal-sided, with elongated lobed
lanceolate-oblong lower pinnl. not reaching down to the rachis ; texture papy-
raceous ; both sides naked ; fertile fr. with a st. 12-18 in. 1., deltoid, with distant
linear pinnae ^ lin. br., the upper ones simple, the lower pinnatifid. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 257. Fil Ex. #.81.

Hab. Philippine, Malay, and Solomon Isles. — S, cicutaria, Presl, known only in a
barren state, is more deeply divided, with narrower lobes and more conspicuous main
veins, which are fulvo-villose on the under surface.

*** Soromanes, Fee. Feins pinnate, a few of those of contiguous groups usually
joining. Sp. 92. Fig. 60. t. u.

92. A. (Soro.) Ccenopteris, Kze. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, densely clothed
with long linear ferruginous scales ; st. 6-12 in. 1., stramineous, scaly below ;
fertile fr. 1^-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., simply pinnate ; pinnae 4-8 in. 1., 1-1^
in. br., oblong-lanceolate, entire or toothed, especially towards the point, or
sometimes pinnatifid ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked ; fertile fr.
smaller and narrower, with pinnate pinnae £-1 in. br. — Hk. >Sp. 5. p. 256. S.
serratifolium and integrifolium, Fee.

Hab. Mexico to South Brazil. — The venation is that of Cydodium, and in some of the
forms the veins hardly unite at all.

#-x*# Veins anastomosing copiously. Sp. 93-132.

t Gymnopteris, Bernh. Fronds dimorphous. Main veins distinct nearly or
quite to the edge. Sp. 93-107. Fig. 60. v-x. aa. bb.
I
A. Barren frond entire. Sp. 93-95.

93. A. (Gym.) Linnceanum, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 1-2 in. 1.,
sliuhtly fibrillose below ; barren fr. 4-8 in. 1., \ in. br., narrowed gradually to
both ends, sometimes rooting at the point, the edge entire ; texture papyraceous ;
colour dark-green ; main veins fine, rather zigzag but distinct nearly to the edge ;
areolce copious, without free veinlets ; fertile fr. 3-4 in. 1., J in. br., the st.
slender, 4-5 in. \.-HJc. Sp. 5. p. 278. 2nd Cent. t. 26.

Hab. Malay Isles.

94. A. (Gym.) gaboonense, Hk. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping ; st. of barren
fr. 4-6 in. 1., firm, erect, slightly scaly ; barren fr. 1 ft. 1., 3-4 in. br., narrow-
oblong, the apex sometimes proliferous, the edge subentire, the base narrowed
suddenly ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked ; main veins very distinct,
reaching nearly to the edge, with transverse veinlets, with copious intermediate
areolce with a few free veinlets ; fertile fr. 4-6 in. 1., |-1 in. br., narrowed at
both ends, the edge sinuated, the st. 1^-2 ft. l.—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 270.

Hab. Guinea Coast, Mann 1049 ; Angola (1,000-2,400 ft.), Welwitsch. — Barren frond
very like that of the next, but the fertile one not Lomarioid.

95. A. (Gym.) variabile, Hk. ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. of barren fr. 0-6 in. 1.;
barren fr. 6-18 in. 1., l|-3 in. br., oblong-spathulate, with a very long gradually-
narrowed haft, the point blunt or acute, the edge entire ; texture papyraceo-
herbaceous ; surfaces naked ; main veins raised, zigzag, reaching nearly to the
edge, with copious fine areolce with free veinlets between them ; fertile fr. 6-12
in. 1., 2-3 lin. br., the st. often 1 ft. 1.— Gym. decurrens, Hk. G. F. t. 6.— (3,
laciniatum, Hk. ; barren fr. deeply irregularly pinnatifid ; fertile fr. pinnate,
with a few Lomarioid pinnae. — Hk. Sp.5.p. 277.

Hab. Himalayas (up to 3,000 ft.) to Ceylon and Java.

3 a

418 60. ACROSTICHUM, **** f GYMNOPTER1S.

B. Barren fronds sometimes simple, but one or two pairs of distinct pinnce when
fully developed. Sp. 96-100.

96. A.(Grym.}oligarchicum, Baker ; rhizome woody, short-creeping ; st. of barren
fr. 6-8 in. 1., firm, scaly ; barren fr. 8-12 in. 1., 3-6 in. br., broad-oblong, the
edge nearly entire, the base subcuneate, simple or with a single pair of small
spreading oblong pinnae at the base ; texture herbaceous ; main veins j-f in.
apart, raised beneath, distinct to the edge, with abundant areolce with free
yeinlets between them ; fertile fr. simple, 3-4 in. 1., 1 in. br., or ternate, the st.
6-12 in. 1.

Hab. North Peru, Spruce 4737, 4636. — Most like A. panduriforme, but the veining
different.

97. A. (Gym.) quercifolium, Retz. ; rhizome stout, wide-creeping ; st. of barren
fr. 1-2 in. L, clothed with soft spreading ferruginous hairs ; barren fr. 3-4 in. 1.,
l-f-2 in. br., the terminal pinna with blunt rounded lobes, reaching sometimes

of the way to the rachis ; below this usually a single pair of small sessile ovate
lunt auriculate lateral ones ; texture thin-herbaceous ; veins beneath hairy ;
main veins distinct to the edge, with copious areolce with free veinlets between
them ; fertile fr. with a terminal pinna 1-2 in. L, 1 lin. br., and a pair of
smaller lateral ones, the st. slender, 6-9 in. 1., naked except at the base.— Hk. Sp.
5. p. 279. Ic. t. 905. Fil. Ex. t. 80.

Hab. Peninsular India, Ceylon, South China, Cochin-China,

98. A. (Gym.) Harlandii, Hk. ; caud. woody ; st. 1-1| ft. 1., firm, glossy,
chesnut-brown, scaly at the base ; barren fr. simple or with an oblong-spathu-
late entire terminal pinna, sometimes 1 ft. L, 3 in. br., §nd 1-2 smaller similar
ones on each side, usually connected at the base, all acuminate ; texture coria-
ceous ; main veins distinct, connected by transverse veinlets with copious areolse
with free included veinlets between them ; fertile fr. similar, but the pinnae
much smaller. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 274. G. decurrens, Hk. Fil. Ex. t. 94. (not
G. F. t. 6).

Hab. Hong-Kong and Formosa.

99. A. (Gym.) tacccefolium, Hk. ; caud. woody, with copious dark reddish-
brown linear scales ; st. of barren fr. 1-4 in. L, scaly downwards ; barren fr.
varying from simple oblong-lanceolate, entire, 1 ft. or more L, 2-3 in. br., to
1^-2 ft. 1., more than 1 ft. br., copiously pinnate, with oblong-lanceolate pinnce
6-9 in. 1., 1| in. br., the upper ones narrowly decurrent, the lower ones forked
at the base on the under side ; texture papyraceous ; rachis and surfaces naked ;
main veins distinct nearly to the edge, with regular transverse veinlets and
copious fine areolee with abundant free veinlets between them ; fertile fr. simple,
6-12 in. L, A in. br., or pinnate, with forked linear pinnae. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 279.
Ic. t. 907.

Hab. Philippines. — Though so variable in cutting, the forms coincide in texture and
venation. The simple form is L. hilocarpus, Fde, and the 3-lobed form Gymn. trilobata,
J. Sm.

100. A. (Gym.) flagettiferum, Wall. ; rhizome woody, creeping, scaly ; st. of
barren fr. 6-12 in. 1., nearly naked, the latter simple or with 1-3 pairs of pinnce, the
terminal one ovate-lanceolate, entire or repand, and often very much elongated
and rooting at the point, the lateral ones 3-6 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., sometimes also
prolonged ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; main veins
pinnate, with copious areolce between them, with few or no free veinlets ; fertile
pinnce 2-3 in. 1., about \ in. br.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 258. Hk. fy Gr. t. 23. A. hete-
roclitum, Presl.

Hab. Himalayas to Java and the Philippines.

60. ACROSTICHUM, **** f GYMNOPTERIS. 419

C. Barren fronds copiously pinnate. Sp. 101-107.

101. A. (Gym.) repandum, Blume ; st. of barren fr. 6-12 in. 1., naked ; barren
fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., sometimes elongated and rooting, with numerous pmnce_
on each side, the lower ones 4-6 in. 1., f-1 in. br., the edge with entire blunt lobes
reaching a quarter of the way down ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides
naked ; main veins distinct ; areolce copious, without free veinlets, the sinuses
often setose ; fertile pinnae 2-3 in. 1., 2-3 lin. br., stalked, entire or repand. —
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 260. — (3, A. Quoyanum, Gaud. ; pinnce lobed halfway down or
more, the lobes toothed. — Hk. tip. 5. p. 259.

Hab. South China, Bonin, Philippine, Malay, and Polynesian Isles, New Caledonia,
Queensland, Seychelles. — The two varieties seem to be connected by gradual interme-
diates. N. argutum, Fe"e, is probably this in an undeveloped condition.

102. A. (Gym.) punctulatum, L. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping ; st. of barren
fr. 6-12 in. 1., slightly scaly, the latter 12-18 in. 1., often 1 ft. br. with a terminal
pinna and 1 to 8 on each side, which are 4-9 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., lanceolate or
oblong, narrowed at both ends, the edge entire or repand ; texture papyraceous ;
racMs and both sides naked ; main veins pinnate, with copious hexagonal areolse
between them without free veinlets ; fertile fr. on a longer slender stem with
similar but much smaller pinnae. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 258.

Hab. Mascaren Isles, Zambesi-land, Guinea Coast, Angola.

103. A. (Gym.) subrepandum, Hk. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping ; st. of
barren fr. stout, erect, nearly naked ; barren fr. varying from simple, 1 ft. 1.,
1^-2 in. br., to 2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., copiously pinnate, with several linear-oblong
entire or subrepand/?2«wce on each side, which are sometimes 6-9 in. 1., 2 in. br. ;
texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces and rachis naked ; main veins distinct nearly to
the edge, with copious areolae with free veinlets between them ; fertile fr. like the
others, but smaller. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 275.

Hab. Luzon, Cuming 225 ; Penang, Sir W. Norris, Mactier. — Very near the last, but
firmer in texture.

104. A. (Gym.) alienum, Sw. ; rhizome woody, short-creeping ; st. 6-18 in. 1.,
scaly downwards ; barren fr. 1-2 ft. 1., often 1 ft. br., the upper part deeply
pinnatifid, with lanceolate lobes, the lower part pinnate, with entire or deeply
pinnatifid lower pinnce, the lobes sometimes reaching more than halfway down to
the rachis ; texture papyraceous ; rachis and surfaces naked, a distinct midvein
in each of the lobes ; areolce copious, irregular, with free veinlets ; fertile fr.
much smaller, with distant narrow linear or pinnatifid leafy pinnae. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 272. — /3, A. subpinnatifidum, Hk. ; areolce with few or no free veinlets. — Hk. Sp.
5. p. 273.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to North Peru and the Amazon Valley. — This and the next
are the American analogues of the three preceding. Mettenius (Annales, 5. ser. vol. 2.
p. 204) has two closely allied species from New Granada under the names of Chrysodium
opacum and pellucens.

105. A. (Gym.) nicotiancefolium, Swz. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping, scaly;
st. 1^-2 ft. 1., scaly below; barren fr. 1-3 ft. L, often 1 ft. br., with a. large
terminal pinna and 1-3 lateral pairs, which are 6-12 in. L, 1-3 in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge entire or nearly so, the base slightly rounded or subcuneate ;
texture papyraceous or subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked ; main veins
distinct to the edge, with transverse veinlets, with copious fine areolce with free
veinlets between them ; fertile pinnce distant, 3-4 in. L, f-1 in. br. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 275. G. F. t. 26.

Hab. Cuba to the Amazon Valley.

420 60. ACROSTICHUM, **** ft CHRYSODIUM.

106. A. (Gym.) Preslianum, Hk. ; rhizome woody, short- creeping ; St. 4-8
in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; barren fr. 1 ft. 1., 6 in. br., with numerous erecto-
patent pinnae on each side, which are 2-3 in. 1., ff in. br., the edge entire,
narrowed to both ends, the lower ones short-stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and both sides naked ; venation of Goniophlebium ; fertile pinnce 1 in. 1.,
£ in. br., blunt, stalked.—/^. Sp. 5. p. 265. (not p. 220).

H»b. Philippines, fide Presl ; Concan, Mr. Law. — Habit resembling that of the
narrow-leaved forms of the next, but the venation peculiar. There are two plants given
under the same name in "Sp. Fil."

107. A. (Gym.) wrens. Wall. ; rhizome woody, short-creeping ; St. of barren
fr. 1-2 ft. 1., firm, erect, naked, the latter 1-3 ft. 1., often 1 ft. br., with numerous
sessile 'pinnce on each side, wrhich are 4-8 in. 1., f-1 in br., the edge repand or
bluntly lobed, the terminal one sometimes elongated and rooting at the point ;
texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veins pinnate, main
veins distinct, the veinlets of opposite groups joining, with usually a single
quadrangular areole between them, free veinlets none ; fertile fr. on longer
steins, the pinnse 2-4 in. 1., |-^ in. br., linear or ligulate, entire or lobed. — Hk. Sf
Gr. t. 221. A. terminans and contaminans, Wall. Bolbitis, Schott. — /3, A.
crispatulum, Wall. ; pinnce narrow, coriaceous, crisped, the veins anastomosing
principally in costal arches. — y, A. proliferum, Hk. ; pinnce broad ; main veins
close, distinct, the veinlets of contiguous groups joining at an angle, as in
Goniopteris, from which proceed one or in the lower areolse two free veinlets,
terminal pinna usually elongated and rooting. — Hk. Ic. t. 681-2. — d, A. costatum,
Wall. ; pinnce 8-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., tinged with red ; main veins very distinctly
raised beneath, 1^-2 lin. apart, the transverse veins joining at an angle, with 2-3
free veinlets or areolse between them. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 262.

Hab. Himalayas to Ceylon, Formosa, and Moulmein ; Angola, Fernando Po, Sierra
Leone. — We caunot draw any clear line of separation between the plants here placed as
varieties. There are two remarkable abnormal states, — one, Meniscium deltigerum, Wall.,
with the fertile pinnse nearly as broad as the barren ones, and the sori in triangular,
often confluent, patches between the main veins ; arid the other, Notholcena undulata,
Wall. (Jenkinsia, Hk. Gen. Fil. 75), with the sori in a broad band along the edge of the
pinnae, which is sometimes lobed between the main veins.

ft Chrysodium, Fee. Fronds dimorphous, or in A. aureum, the upper pinnce
like the others and fertile; main veins none or indistinct. Sp. 108-128.

A. Barren fronds entire. Sp. 108-114.

108. A. (Chrys.) minus, Mett. ; rhizome wide-creeping, firm; st. of barren fr.
1-2 in. 1., naked, stramineous ; barren fr. 1^-2 in. 1., |~^ in. br., the point
bluntish, the edge quite entire, the base tapering gradually ; texture herbaceous ;
surfaces naked; no main veins; areolce copious, with copious free veinlets,
bounded by a wavy intramarginal line ; fertile fr. 1^-2 in. 1., g in. br., the st.
slender, naked, 3-4 in. \.-Hk. Sp. 5. p. 277. 2nd Cent. t. 78.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming ; Khasya (2-3,000 ft.), Hk.fil. & Thomson.

109. A. (Chrys.) lanceolatum, Hk. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping ; st. of
barren fr. 1-6 in. 1. ; barren fr. 6-12 in. 1., £-2 in. br., the point blunt or acute,
the edge entire, the lower part narrowed very gradually ; texture herbaceous ;
surfaces naked ; main veins raised, but falling considerably short of the edge ;
areolce copious, with free veinlets ; fertile fr. 6-12 in. 1., ^-£ in. br., the st. as
long. — /3, G. normalis, J. Sm. ; barren fr. sessile, 2-4 in. 1. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 157.

Hab. Peninsular India, Ceylon, Malaya, Philippines.

110. A. (Chrys.) axillare, Cav. ; rhizome wide-scandent ; barren fr. 6-18

60. ACROSTICHUM, **** ff CHRYSODIUM. 421

in. 1., \-l\ in. br., the point bluntish, the edge entire, the lower half tapering
very gradually to the base or a short stem ; texture papyraceous ; surfaces naked ;
no main veins ; areolce very copious, with abundant free veinlets ; fertile fr. 6-12
in. 1., 1-3 lin. br., flexuose, on a stem 1-6 in. 1. — tile. Sp. 5. p. 276.

Hab. Himalayas to Ceylon and the Philippine and Malay Isles.

111. A. (Chrys.) aureo-nitens, Hk. ; st. tufted, that of the barren fr. very
short, the latter oblong-spathulate, 3-4 in. 1., 1 in. br. a short distance from the
blunt apex, thence narrowed gradually to the base, the edge entire ; texture
coriaceous ; under surface densely clothed with ovate-acuminate ferruginous
scales ; areolce fine, copious, hexagonal, without free veinlets ; st. of fertile fr.
3-5 in. 1., firm, erect, scaly ; fertile fr. pinnate, with 2-3 distant ligulate-oblong
pinnae on each side. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 270. Ic. t. 933.

Hab. Galapagos. — A very distinct species, remarkable for the combination of an
entire barren with a pinnate fertile frond.

112. A. (Chrys.) reticulatum, Kaulf. ; caud. erect, woody, with large narrow
lanceolate ferruginous scales ; st. of barren fr. 1-3 in. 1., firm, erect; barren fr.
6-9 in. 1., 1| in. br., the point bluntish, the edge entire, the base subcuneate ;
texture coriaceous ; surfaces naked ; veins indistinct, fine, anastomosing copiously ;
fertile fr. like the other, but the st. 6-9 in. l.—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 267.

Hab. Sandwich Isles.

113. A. (Chrys.) pachyphyllum, Kze. ; st. nearly 1 ft. 1., strong, erect ; barren
fr. 2 ft. 1., 6 in. br., oblong-lanceolate, narrowed to both ends, the edge entire ;
texture very coriaceous ; surfaces naked ; veins fine, subparallel, anastomosing
in areolce several times as long as br. ; fertile fr. 9 in. 1., 2^ in. br. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 268.

Hab. Peru, Pceppig. — This and the preceding have quite the habit and texture of
Elaphoglossum.

114. A. (Chrys.) crinitum, L. ; caud. woody, erect ; st. of barren fr. 4-8 in. 1.,
densely clothed with long, slender, squarros'e fibrillose purplish-brown scales ;
barren fr. often 12-18 in. 1., 6-9 in. br., broad-oblong, the apex blunt, the base
rounded, the edge entire ; texture subcoriaceous ; the edge densely fringed and
both sides scattered over with scales like those of the stem ; areolce large,
hexagonal, without free veinlets ; fertile fr. like the other but much smaller,
the st. longer.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 267. Hk. $ Gr. t. 1. Fil. Ex. t. 6. Hymeno-
dium, Fee.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico.

B. Barren fronds sometimes simple., but forked, orpinnatijld or pinnate at the base
when fully developed. Sp. 115 — 118.

115. A. (Chrys.) bicuspe, Hk. ; rhizome woody, short-creeping, densely clothed
with yellowish silky hairs ; st. of barren fr. 1 ft. 1., firm, naked ; barren fr. 5-6
in. br. in the entire portion, the base rounded, the apex consisting of two broad
divaricated acuminate lobes with a broad rounded sinus between, the edge
entire ; texture, coriaceous ; surfaces naked ; main veins radiating from the apex
of the stem to the upper edge, with copious areol(e (the larger ones distinct, the
smaller ones less so) between them ; fertile fr. 6-9 in. 1., £ in. br., narrowed to
both ends with 2-3 prominent subparallel ribs from the apex to the base, the st.
18 in. or more 1. — /3, integrifolium, Eaton ; fr. ovate-acuminate, not forked. —
Hk. Sp. o.p. 271. Cheiropleuria, Presl.

Hab. Java, Formosa, and Loo Choo Isles.

422 60. ACROSTICHUM, **** ft CHRYSODIUM.

116. A. (Chrys.) tricuspe, Hk. ; rhizome woody, wide-creeping ; st. of barren
fr. nearly 1 ft. 1., firm, naked ; barren fr. composed of three entire oblong lobes,
the terminal one 6 in. 1., 2 in. br., the lateral ones spreading, rather smaller ;
texture coriaceous ; surfaces naked ; main veins fine, not distinct to the edge,
connected by transverse veinlets with copious small areolce between them, with
free veinlets ; central lobe of fertile fr. 13 in. 1., £ in. br., the lateral ones erecto-
patent, rather shorter, the st. 1£ ft. l.—Hk. Sp. 5. p. 272. t. 304.

Hab. Sikkim, Mrs. Atkinson. — One of the specimens has the upper half of two out of
the three lobes contracted and soriferous, thus connecting this group with Hymenolepis.

317. A. (Chrys.)j&&ia£t/i, Hk. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping; st. 12-18 in. 1.,

slightly scaly ; barren fr. varying from narrow-oblong, entire, 1 ft. 1., 3 in. br.,
to 2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., deeply pinnatifid, with ajjlarge lanceolate terminal lobe and
1-3 pairs of lateral ones, which are 2-6 in. ]., l-l£ in. br., the apex acuminate,
the edge entire ; texture papyraceous ; surfaces nalred ; main veins not distinct
more than halfway to the edge ; areolce copious, without free veinlets ; fertile fr.
like the other, but smaller, the st. 2 ft. \.-Hk. Sp. 5. p. 274.

Hab. Guinea Coast ; gathered by Curror, Barter, and Mann. — Most like A. punctu-
latum, but less divided, with main veins less distinct.

118. A. (Chrys.) pandurifolium, Hk. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping ; st. of
barren fr. 6-12* in. L, firm, slightly scaly ; barren fr. 9-12 in. 1., 3 in. br.,
narrow-oblong, the edge entire, and below this sometimes a pair of small round
or oblong spreading sessile pinnce ; texture papyraceous ; surfaces naked ; prin-
cipal veins zigzag, not distinct to the edge ; areolce copious, with abundant free
veinlets ; barren fr. similar, but the principal division 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. br., the st.
12-18 in. 1. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 271. Gymnopteris, Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 87.

Hab. Andes of Peru, Spruce 4741, 5684.

C. Barren frond's copiously pinnate. Sp. 119-127.

119. A. (Chrys.) Heudelotii, Hk. ; rhizome firm, wide-creeping; st. 6-9 in. L,
firm, erect, naked ; barren fr. 12-18 in. L, 6-10 in. br., with numerous erecto-
patent pinnce on each side, which are 2-6 in. 1., ^-| in. br., narrowed to both
ends, the point blunt or acute, the edge nearly entire, all sessile ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veins very fine, the main ones not
straight to the edge, with copious irregular areolce between them, with a few free
veinlets ; fertile fr. similar, but the pinnae narrower. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 264.

Hab. Senegambia, Sierra Leone, Zambesi-land. — A plant gathered by Barter, growing
under water at Sierra Leone, may be a form. The texture is pellucid, the whole plant
much smaller, and the pinnae are deeply toothed.

120. A. (Chrys.) salicinum, Hk. ; rhizome stout, short-creeping ; st. of barren
fr. 4-9 in. L, firm, erect, naked, the latter 1 ft. or more L, 6-8 in. br., with
numerous erecto-patent pinnce on each side, which are 3-4 in. 1., \ in. br.,
narrowed to both ends, the edge repand, the lower ones stalked ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; no distinct main veins, the areolce in 2-3 rows between the midrib
and edge, almost without free veinlets ; fertile fr. similar. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 265.

Hab. Sierra Leone, Barter ; Fernando Po, Mann. — Like the last in habit, but the
areolse much fewer and larger.

121. A. (Chrys.) semicordatum, Baker; rhizome woody, short-creeping; st. of
barren fr. 6-8 in. 1., erect, nearly naked ; barren fr. 8-12 in. 1., 3-4 in. br.,
sometimes proliferous at the apex ; lower pinnce 2-3 in. 1., £-£ in. br., the edge
inciso-crenate throughout, the base cordate on the upper, truncate on the lower
side ; texture herbaceous ; surfaces naked ; veins fine, the main ones distinct

60. ACROSTICHUM, **** ff CHRYSODIUM. 423

about halfway to the edge, the areolas in 3-4 rows, with free veinlets ; barren
pinnae distant, 1-1 £ in. 1., 1 lin. br. — Precilopteris semicordata, Moore. Hk. 2nd
Cent. t. 88.

Hab. Concan, Law ; Neilgherries, Mclvor.

122. A. (Chrys.) Blumeanum, Hk. ; rhizome woody, wide-scan dent ; st. of
harren fr. 6 in. 1., deciduously scaly ; barren fr. 1-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br., with
numerous sessile pinnae on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1., 1 in, br., the apex
acuminate, the edge slightly toothed, the base rounded ; texture membranous ;
racliis and midrib beneath slightly scaly ; areolce hexagonal, without free
veinlets ; fertile fr. with distant pinnoe 4-8 in. 1., ^-J in. br. — /3, samoense ; st. of
barren fr. 1 ft. 1., the central pinnae 2^ in. 1., | in. br., more distinctly toothed. —
Hk. Sp. 5. p. 268.

Hab. Assam, Java, Philippines, and Samoa. — Lomagramme pteroides, J. Sm. Hk.
Gen. Fil. t. 97 (Luzon, Cuming), is apparently an abnormal form of this, with the sori
in a line along the edge of pinnae rather narrower than the usual barren ones. A. Requi-
enianum, Gaud., should not unlikely also be referred here.

123. A. (Chrys.) Raddianum, Kze. ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent ; st. of
barren fr. 4-6 in. 1., firm, naked ; barren fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-15 in. br., with
numerous pinnce on each side, which are 4-8 in. 1., ^-1 in. br., the apex
acuminate, the edge toothed, especially towards the point, the base cuneate, the
lower ones often stalked ; texture firm-herbaceous ; surfaces and rachis naked ;
no main veins ; costal areolce large, triangular, the others small, without free
veinlets ; fertile fr. like the other, but much smaller. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 264.

Hab. Brazil and North Peru. — Near the next, but distinguished by its wide-scandent
rhizome and more uniform veining.

124. A. (Chrys.) serratifolium^ Mert. ; rhizome woody, short-creeping ; st. of
barren fr. 12-18 in. 1., slightly scaly ; barren fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br., with
numerous sessile pinnce on each side, which are 3-8 in. ]., f -1^ in br., the edge
inciso-crenate, the base cuneate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces
naked ; main veins distinct halfway or more to the edge ; costal areolce large,
triangular, the others smaller, without free veinlets ; fertile pinnce distant, 2-3
in. 1., J-J in. br., blunt, entire.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 263.

Hab. Venezuela, Brazil, Peru.

125. A. (Chrys.) Lindigii, Baker; rhizome woody, scandent ; barren fr.
2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., with about a dozen spreading subsessile pinnce on each side, the
lower ones 6-8 in. 1., 1^ in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge crenate upwards,
the base cuneate; texture herbaceous; rachis and surfaces naked ; main veins
distinct more than halfway to the edge, the costal areolce shallow, all without
free veinlets; fertile pinnce distant, 4-5 in. 1., J-f in.br., entire, narrowed
gradually upwards. — Chrys. Mett. Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 204.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig 258.

126. A. (Chrys.) prcestantissimum, Bory ; caud. erect ; st. 1 ft. or more 1.,
firm, naked ; barren fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 1-1| ft. br., with numerous sessile pinnce on
each side, which are 6-10 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., the point acute, the edge entire,
the base rounded ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked ; areolce
copious, hexagonal, without free veinlets ; fertile pinnce 4-8 in 1., j-§ in. br.,
distant.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 269. G. F. t. 58. Neurocallis, Fee.

Hab. West Indies. — In this, as in A. Blumeanum, the sori are sometimes tsenitoid.

127. A. (Chrys.) aureum, L. ; caud. erect; st. 1-2 ft. 1., tufted, strong, erect,

424 60. ACROSTICHUM, ***** HY^IENOLEPIS, ****** PHOTINOPTERIS.

glossy ; fr. 2-6 ft. 1., 1-2 ft. br., the upper pinnae fertile, slightly smaller than the
barren ones, which are usually stalked, ligulate-oblong, 3 in. to more than 1 ft. 1.,
£-3 in. br., the point acute or blunt, sometimes retuse with a mucro, the edge
quite entire, the base subcuneate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked ;
areolce very small and copious, without free veinlets. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 266.

Hab. Florida and Bermudas to Peru and South Brazil ; Polynesia ; Bengal, Hong-
Kong, and Formosa to Queensland, Seychelles, Mascaren Isles, Zambesi-land, Natal,
Angola, Guinea Coast. — Includes five species of Fe"e.

D. Frond Upinnate. Sp. 128.

128. A. (Chrys.) polyphyllum, Hk. ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent ; st. 6-12
in. L, firm, naked, jointed at the base; barren fr. sometimes simply pinnate,
more usually several feet long, with pinnate pinnce 6-12 in. L, 2 in. br. ; pinnl.
numerous on each side, 1 in. L, ^-f in. br., sessile, lanceolate, sharply toothed ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked ; areolce hexagonal, without free
veinlets ; fertile pinnl. stalked, §-£ in. 1., £ in. br. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 269. Loma-
gramme, Brack.

Hab. New Hebrides and Fiji. — In general babit and in its articulated pinnae this quite
agrees with A. Wiikesianum. A. pteroides, R. Br., from Tropical Australia, has an ebe-
neous naked stem 1 ft. 1., and distant Lomarioid fertile pinnae, the lower ones again
sparingly pinnate, but the barren frond is not known.

***** Hymenolepis, Kaulf. Fronds simple, uniform, bearing the fruit on the
contracted apex. Sp. 129-1 SO.

129. A. (Hymen.) spicatum, L. ; rhizome woody, short-creeping; st. 1-2 in. 1.,
short, firm ; fr. 6-18 in. 1., \-\ in. br., the upper part for 4-6 in. contracted and
fertile, the edge entire, the lower part narrowed very gradually ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; surfaces naked ; areolce uniform, hexagonal, with copious free
veinlets ; caps, mixed with peltate scales. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 280. Fil. Ex. t. 78. —
j8, H. brachystachys, J. Sm. ; fr. broader, the fertile spike thick, 1-li in. 1. —
G. F. t. 3.

Hab. Himalayas (to 6,000 ft.) to Madagascar, Mascaren Isles, Ceylon, South China,
Philippines, Queensland, Society Isles. — H. validinervis, Kze., is a strong broad form.

130. A. (Hymen.) platyrhynchos^ Hk. ; st. tufted, scarcely any; fr. 12-16
in. L, 1 in. br., the sori in a patch at the apex 1-2 in. 1., f in. br., which
does not reach to the edge, the edge entire, the lower part narrowed gradually ;
texture very coriaceous ; surfaces naked ; areolce copious, fine, hidden, uniform,
with copious free veinlets. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 280. Ic. t. 999. Macroplethus,
Presl.

Hab. Philippines, Cuming 196.

****** Photinopteris, J. Sm. Frond pinnate or deeply pinnatifid, the fruit on
the Lomarioid upper pinnce. Habit and venation of Drynaria. Sp. 131-132.

131. A. (Photi.) rigidum, Wall. ; rhizome woody, wide-scandent; st. short,
firm, erect ; fr. several feet long, often 1 ft. br., thelower pinnce several on each
side, barren, stalked, jointed at the base, ovate-acuminate, entire, 3-6 in. 1., H-3
in. br. ; above this several pair of distant fertile pinnce 4-6 in. 1., £ in. br. ;
texture very coriaceous ; surfaces and rachis naked ; main raised veins connected
by raised transverse veinlets with copious small areolse between them with
free veinlets.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 281.

Hab. Philippines and Malay Peninsula and Isles. — P. simplex, J. Sm., has the fertile
pinnae reduced to one.

61. PLATYCERIUM. 425

132. A. (Photi.) drynarioides, Hk. ; Jr. subsessile, several ft. 1., 1 ft. or more
br., the upper part with numerous distant Lomarioid pinnce, sometimes 1 ft. 1.,
1 lin. br., below this pinnatifid, with numerous close entire lanceolate-acuminate
lobes 4-6 in. 1., lj-lf in. br., which reach down nearly to the rachis, the lower
ones passing down gradually into a mere undulated wing to the rachis, which is
continued to its very base ; texture very coriaceous ; main veins' raised, with
transverse veinlets, and between them copious small areolse with free veinlets. —
m. Sp. 5. p. 2S2.

Hab. Penang, Sir W. Norris, Mactier ; Solomon Isles, Milne. — The leafy pinnse, though
adnate to the rachis, break away from it very readily.

GEN. 61. PLA.TYCERIUM, Desv.

Sori forming large patches on the upper part of the lower surface of the
rt
for

fertile fronds. A small widely-diffused genus, well marked by its dichotomously
ked fertile fronds with stags' -horn-like divisions. TAB. IX. f. 61.

1. P. alcicorne, Desv. ; barren fr. rounded, convex, downy when young, the
edge sinuated, the lobes spreading ; fertile fr. 2-3 ft. 1., clustered, erect, 2-3
times dichotomous ; ult. divisions ligulate, bluntish, the fruit in the last forks
and at their base in very irregular patches ; under surface covered with thin
white cottony down. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 282.

Hab. Temperate Australia, and a larger form in the Mascaren Isles and Seychelles ;
and a similar plant has been gathered by Dr. Spruce in Peru.

2. P. cethiopicum, Hk. ; barren fr. rounded, convex, downy when young, the
edge more or less lobed, the lobes spreading ; fertile fr. 2-3 ft. 1., clustered,
pendent, twice dichotomous, the disk and first division broader than in the
preceding, the patch of fruit surrounding the sinus and passing into the fork so
as to be shaped like the letter V ; under surface covered with thin white cottony
down.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 283. G.F.t.Q. A. stemaria, Beauv.

Hab. Guinea Coast and Angola. — Dr. Welwitsch has furnished us with a plant
(P. angolense, Welw. MSS.) which is most like this, but has a broad-cuneate fertile frond
9 in. br. at the top, without either forks or horns, and with a patch of fruit nearly as
broad as the lamina.

3. P. grande, J. Sm. ; barren fr. very large, suborbicular, convex, or the
upper ones erect, deeply laciniated with spreading or inflexed divisions ; fertile

fr. 4-6 ft. 1., pendent, in pairs, the disk broad-cuneate, with the sorus against the
upper edge, occupying the disk only, with an elongated dichotomously forked
division beyond it at each corner ; both surfaces green and smooth. — Hk. Sp. 5.
p. 284. Fil. Ex. t. 86.

Hab. North Australia, Philippines, and Singapore. — There is only one soriferous patch
to each frond, and it is sometimes nearly a foot broad.

4. P. Wallichii, Hk. ; barren fr. deeply lobed, with inflexed forked divisions ;
fertile fr. in pairs, pendent, each in two divisions, in each of which the cuneate

disk has a rounded upper edge occupied by a sorus, from each side of which a
once-forked division is produced ; texture thick, the under surface matted with
yellowish woolly pubescence. — Hk. Sp. 5. p. 284. Fil. Ex. t. 97.

Hab. Malay Peninsula. — Here the two soriferous patches are only 3-4 in. br., and
occupy a semicircular projection with the forks springing almost from its base.

6. P. biforme, Blume ; barren fr. imbricated, very thick, especially towards
the base, the edge sinuato-lobate ; fertile fr. 6-15 ft. 1., repeatedly dichotomous

3 H

426 62. OSMUND A.

from a subcuneate disk, the barren divisions narrow-ligulate, the fertile ones
quite different in shape, reniform, stalked, C-8 in br., the outer edge rounded,
entire.— Hk. Sp. 5. p. 285.

Hab. Philippines and Malay Peninsula and Isles. — The only species with a distinct
uniformly fertile segment, which in a specimen from Mr. Prout is nearly a foot broad.

SUB-ORD. III. OSMUNDACE.E.

Caps, tvvo-valved, opening across the apex, furnished with a short horizontal
ring. Vernation circinate. GEN. 62-63.

GEN. 62. OSMUNDA, L.

Son quite distinct from the leafy part of the frond, forming a panicle made up
of copious thyrsoid clusters. A genus of striking ferns, very clearly marked by
habit, containing few species, hardly at all tropical, and only one known in South
temperate regions. TAB. VIII. fig. 62.

1. O. javanica, Blume ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; fr. 1-3 ft. 1.,
8-12in.br., simply pinnate, the lower or central pinnse fertile; barren pinnce
4-8 in. 1., §-f in. br., cuneate at the base, and often slightly stalked, the edge
entire or sharply toothed ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ;
fertile pinnce shorter, made up of numerous close but distinct oblong sessile
clusters. — Kunze, t. 3. O. Vachellii, Hk. Ic. 1. 15. 0. Presliana, J. Sm.

Hab. Kamschatka to Java and Ceylon.

2. 0. Claytoniana, L. ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., clothed with loose woolly
ferruginous tomentum when young, naked when mature ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12
in. br., the upper, central, or lower pinnae fertile ; barren pinnce lanceolate, 4-6
in. 1., 1 in. or more br., cut down nearly to the rachis into close oblong entire
lobes ; texture herbaceous ; fertile pinnce similar but shorter ; pinnl. dense,
cylindrical. — 0. interrupta, Miclix. O. pilosa and monticola, Wall.

Hab. Canada, Newfoundland, and throughout the United States, Himalayas up to
10,000 ft. — The station of Rio Janeiro, which rests on Wallich's authority, is perhaps
given by some confusion with 0. cinnamomea. 0. glaucescens, Link, is the form with a
terminal panicle.

3. O. cinnamomea, L. ; st. densely tufted, the barren and fertile ones distinct,
the young plants densely clothed with ferruginous tomentum ; barren fr.
simply pinnate, naked when mature, the st. 12-18 in. 1., the/r. 2-3 ft. 1., 6-9 in.
br. ; pinnce close, ligulate-lanceolate, 3-4 in. 1., f-1 in br., cut down nearly to the
rachis into close entire blunt oblong lobes ; teatfwesubcoriaceous ; fertile fr. much
smaller, the pinnce lanceolate, with close dense cylindrical pinnl.

Hab. Canada and Newfoundland to Mexico, West Indies, Guatemala, New Granada,
and Organ Mountains (0. imbricaia, Kunze, Fil. 2. t. 112), Japan, Mantchuria, Amur-
land. — There is a form (var. frondosa, A. Gray) with some of the fronds sterile below
and sparingly fertile above.

4. O. bipinnata, Hk. (not Linn.) ; st. tufted, 1 ft. or more 1., rather slender,
glossy, stramineous ; fr. 1^-2 ft. L, 6-10 in. br., bipinnate, the upper pinnce
barren, the uppermost linear-oblong, simple, below these several pinnate, 3-4
in. L, 1 in. br., with a winged rachis and numerous entire oblong imbricated
pinnl. on each side, and lowest of all, 3-4 opposite pairs of fertile pinnae with
several cylindrical pinnl. on each side, J-f in. 1., 1^-2 lin. apart; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and both sides naked. — Fil. Ex. t. 9.

Hab. Hong-Kong, Dr. Harland.

63. TODEA, § EUTODEA, §§ LEPTOPTERIS. 427

6. O. lancea, Thunb. ; barren and fertile fr. distinct, the former about 1 ft. 1.,
oblong, shortly acuminate ; pinnae oblong-acuminate, about 5 in. L, stalked, the
lowest rather reduced ; pinnl. narrowly lanceolate, If in. 1., J in. br., narrowed
at both ends, sessile, distinct, slightly toothed upwards ; texture subcoriaceous ;
surfaces naked ; fertile fr. teriiato-decompound. — Milde. Fil. Eur.p. 311.

Hab. Japan.

6. O. regalis, L. ; st. tufted, 12-18 in. L, firm, erect, naked ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 1 ft.
or more or., bipinnate, the apex fertile ; barren pinnae 6-12 in. L, 2-4 in. br.,
pinnl. sessile or slightly stalked, 1-2 in. L, ^-f in. br., oblong, blunt, often
unequal at the base, the edge finely serrulate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and
both sides naked ; fertile pinnl. cylindrical, forming a copious panicle. — Hk.
B. F. t. 45. O. palustris, Sturm, t. 12.

Hab. Sweden to Siberia, Japan, Azores, Barbary, Himalayas, Bombay, Neilgherries,
Cochin, and Hong-Kong ; Mascaren Isles, Zambesi-land, Angola, Natal, Cape Colony ;
Canada and the Saskatchewan to Rio Janeiro. — Of Presl's species we place here without
hesitation spectabilis, Willd., capensls and ffugeliana, Presl, Hilsenbergii, H. & G.,
gracilis, Link, obtusifolia, Willd., and Leschnaultiana, Wall. 0. japonica, Thunb. (0. spe-
ciosa, Wall.), is a curious variety from Japan and the Himalayas, with the fertile and
barren fronds often quite distinct, the former being developed the earliest and soon dis-
appearing ; and it also occasionally happens that some of the lateral pinnae become
fertile, whilst the terminal ones remain barren. Mr. McKen sends a similar form from
Natal.

GEN. 63. TODEA, Willd.

Sori on the back of the leafy part of the frond. A small genus, almost confined
to the South Temperate Zone, with the capsules of Osmunda, but the ordinary habit
of Polypodiaceae. TAB. VIII. fig. 63.

§ Eutodea. Texture of the frond coriaceous. Sp. 1. Fig. 63. a. b.

1 . T. barbara, Moore ; caud. subarborescent ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., stout, erect,
quadrangular, quite naked ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., often 1 ft. br. ; pinnae close, erecto-
patent, 6-9 in. I., 1^-2 in. br. ; pinnl. close, linear, erecto-patent, 1-1^ in. 1.,
J-|- in. br., the edge more or less distinctly toothed, the upper ones connected at
the base ; texture coriaceous ; both sides naked ; sori dense, when mature filling
up the whole under surface of the pinnules on which they are placed. — Acrosti-
chum, L. T. africana, Willd. Hk.fil. Fl. Tasm. t. 168. T. rivularis, Sieb.

Hab. New Zealand, Temperate Australia, as far north as Queensland, Van Diemen's
Land, Natal, Cape Colony.

§§ Leptopteris, Presl. Texture of the frond like that of Hymenophyllum.
Fig. 63. c. d. Sp. 2-4.

2. T. (Lept.) Fraseri, H. & G. ; caud. erect, woody, l|-2 ft. high, 1J-2 in.
thick; st. 6-9 in. L, firm, erect, naked ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in.br., bipinnate;
pinnae close, lanceolate, 4-6 in. L, |-| in. br., with a narrowly-winged rachis, the
lowest about equal to the others ; pinnl. linear-oblong, ^ in. 1., 1^-2 lin. br.,
sharply toothed ; rachises naked. — H. & G. t. 101. — j3, T. Wilkesiana, Brack. ;

fr. larger ; lower pinnae rather shorter than the others and deflexed ; rachises
slightly pilose. — Brack, t. 43.

Hab. Blue Mountains, Australia, rare ; New Caledonia, Vieillard 2152 ; (3, Fiji.

3. T. (Lept.) hymenopliylloides, Rich. & Less.; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., firm,
erect, naked ; fr. 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., tripinnatifid ; pinnae close, lanceolate,
4-6 in. L, f-l£ in. br., the rachis winged only towards the apex, the lowest about
equal to the others ; pinnl. close, linear-oblong, ^-f in. 1.,

428 64. SCHIZJEA, § EUSCHIZ^EA.

nearly to the rachis into erecto-patent, simple or forked linear segm. ; rachises
naked or slightly tomentose.— Hk. G. F. t. 54. T. pellucida, Hk. Jc. t. 8.

Hab. New Zealand. — There is a form which quite agrees with this in the size and
cutting of the pinnae, but which has the lower ones reduced very gradually, thus receding
from the type in the direction of the next species.

4. T. (Lept.) superba, Col. ; caud. erect, woody, 12-18 in. high ; st. 2-3 in. 1.,
firm, erect, naked ; fr. 2-4 ft. 1., 6-10 in. br., tripinnatifid ; pinnae close, narrow-
lanceolate, the central ones 4-5 in. 1., J- in. br., the lower ones gradually reduced ;
pinnl. close, linear-oblong, ^-f in. 1., 1^-2 lin. br., cut down nearly to the rachis
into erecto-patent simple or forked linear segm.; rachises densely tomentose. —
Hk. Jc. t. 910.

Hab. New Zealand. — Pinnse and pinnules more numerous and denser than in the last,
often crisped.

SUB-OBD. IV. SCHIZ^ACE^.

Caps, two-valved, opening down the side, crowned by a complete operculiform
ring. Vernation circinate. GEN. 64-68.

GEN. 64. SCHIZ^A, Smith.

Caps, sessile, in 2-4 rows, which cover one side of close distichous spikes,
which form separate fertile segments at the apex of the fronds. A small widely-
diffused genus very distinct in habit. TAB. VIII. fig. 64.

§ Euschizsea. Fertile segment pinnate ; frond terete or subterete. Caps. MseriaL
Sp. 1-9.

* Fronds not forked. Sp. 1-7.

1. S. australis, Gaud. ; st. dense, very short, dark chesnut-brown, passing
gradually into the wiry subterete fr., which is 1-2 in. 1., about J lin. thick,
simply channelled in front ; fertile segm. suberect, ^ in. ]., unilateral, with about
6 short stout nearly spreading spikes on each side, the lowest £ in. 1. — S. pal-
mata, Homb. & Jacq. t. 43.

Hab. Falkland and Auckland Isles.

2. S. pusilla, Pursh ; st. dense, the barren fr. much shorter than the fertile
ones, much twisted and slightly flattened ; fertile fr. 3-4 in. 1., terete, wiry,
very slender ; fertile segm. suberect, J in. 1., unilateral, with about 6 rather
stout erecto-patent spikes on each side, -the lowest £ in. 1. — Hk. & Gr. t. 48. A.
Gray Man, t. 13.

Hab. Pine barrens of New Jersey, U. S. A.

3. S. malaccana, Baker ; st. dense, not distinguishable from the fr., which is
4-8 in. 1., weak, flexuose, subterete, simply channelled in front, not more than
£ lin. thick, the barren and fertile ones similar ; fertile segm. erect, often bilateral,
£ in. deep, with 3-6 slender spreading spikes on each side, the lowest 2-2| lin. 1.
— S. propinqua, Presl (in part).

Hab. Philippines, Cuming 379 ; Malay Peninsula and Isles, gathered by Griffith,
Lobb, &c.

4. S. tenella, Kaulf. ; st. dense, chesnut-brown, passing gradually into the fr.,
which is 6-8 in. 1., not very rigid, subcompressed, with a broad distinct midrib
and two equal wings, the whole about £ lin. br. ; fertile segm. suberect, £-f in. 1.,
unilateral, with 4-8 rather stout erecto-patent spikes on each side, the lowest
l|-2 lin. 1.— Kaulf. Enum. t. 1. /. 7. Kunze, 1. 1. 97. /. 2.

Hab. Cape Colony and Natal.

64. SCHIZ^EA, §§ LOPHIDIUM. 429

5. S. fistulosa, Labill. ; St. dense, chesnut-brown, passing gradually into the
fr., which is 4-12 in. 1., rigid, rush-like, subterete, simply channelled in front ;
fertile segm. suberect, unilateral, \-l in. L, with 10-20 close slender erecto-

patent spikes on each side, the lowest ^ in. 1. — Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. t. 250. /. 3.
S. valdiviana, Phil. S. propinqua, A. Cunn. (in part}.

Hab. Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Chili.— S. propinqua is in
part this, and in part unbranched S. bifida.

6. S. robusta, Baker ; >st. not very dense, dark-chesnut, passing gradually into
the fr., which is 6-10 in. 1., rigid and rush-like in texture, with a broad central
midrib and two narrow thick revolute edges, the whole under | lin. thick ;
fertile segm. suberect, unilateral, J-f in. 1., with 4-6 stout erecto-patent spikes on
each side, the lowest £ in. L— S. australis, Brack, p. 302 ?

Hab. Sandwich Isles, Hillebrand. — This may be a tropical form of S. australis, as
Brackenridge seems to consider it. If his plant be the same, it grows also in the Society
Isles.

7. S. pectinata, Sm. ; st. very dense, chesnut-brown, passing gradually into
the fr., which is 4-8 in. L, rigid and rush-like in texture, with a broad central
midrib and two narrow thick revolute edges, the whole under ^ lin. thick ;
fertile segm. nearly horizontal, i-f in. 1., ^-§ in. deep, with 10-15 slender vertical

spikes on each side. — ScJik. t. 136.

Hab. Cape Colony.

** Fronds forked. Sp. 8. 9.

8. S. incurvata, Schk. ; st. dense, chesnut-brown, passing gradually into the
fr., which is 6-18 in. 1., forked below the middle and sometimes forked again,
very wiry and rush-like in texture, smooth, subterete, simply channelled in
front, the whole ^ lin. thick ; fertile segm. erect, ^-1 in. deep, with 10-20 slender
spreading spikes on each side, the lowest 2-2 £ lin. 1. — /Schk. t. 137. S. bifida,
Meyer (non Sw.}.

Hab. Guiana and North Brazil. — Very near the next, but more slender, with a panicle
like that of S. fistulosa.

9. S. Ufida, Sw. ; st. dense, chesnut-brown, passing gradually into the fr.9
which is 6-18 in. L, forked generally below the middle, sometimes forked again,
casually simple, very wiry and rush-like in texture, with a prominent scabrous
midrib and two narrow thick wings, the whole | lin. thick ; fertile segm. sub-
erect or recurved, unilateral, ^-f in. 1., with 10-20 slender erecto-patent spikes
on each side, the lowest J-f in. 1.

Hab. New Zealand and Temperate and North Australia.

§§ Lophidium, Rich. Fertile segment pinnate ; frond flattened ; caps. Use/rial.
Sp. 10-14.

10. S. (Loph.) rupestris, R. Br. ; st. lax, about 1 in. 1., subterete, passing
gradually into the/r., which is grass-like and flattened, almost fleshy in texture,
3-4 in. L, 1 lin. br., with a slender midrib; fertile segm. solitary, suberect,
^~| in. 1., with 6-10 slender spreading serrated spikes on each side. — Hk. & Gr.
t. 47. G. F. t. 42.

Hab. Temperate Australia.

11. S. (Loph.) fluminensis, Miers ; st. passing gradually into the/r., which is
4-12 in. 1., slender, wiry, naked, once forked at the top, and each fork bearing
usually two stalked fertile segm., which are J-^ in. 1., the rachis slightly curved,
with 6-10 close-spreading slender spikes on each side, the point either not at all

430 64. SCHIZ^A, §§§ ACTINOSTACHYS.

flattened or slightly so either before or after the first fork. — Sturm in Mart. Fl.
Bras. fasc. 23. p. 184. t. 13.

Hab. Guiana and Brazil. — Perhaps this should be considered a reduced variety of
elegans.

12. S. (Loph.) Sprucei, Hk. MSS. ; caud. woody, suherect ; st. 9-12 in. 1., firm,
dense, erect, clothed, especially below, with squarrose fibrillose brownish scales ;

fr. 6-8 in. 1., very thick in texture, naked, channelled, f in. br. at the widest
part, narrowed gradually downwards, bearing at the. apex 1-6 long-stalked
fertile segm., which are 1^-2 in. 1., the rachis spirally recurved, the spikes very
numerous, |-§ in. 1., tomentose beneath. — Hk. Ic. t. 1016.

Hab. Banks of the Bio Negro, Spruce 3752. — A very distinct new species.

13. S. (Loph.) dichotoma, Sw. ; st. 6-18 in. 1., firm, erect, glossy, channelled
on the face above ; fr. fanlike in general outline, 6-9 in. each way, many times
dichotomously forked, the ultimate divisions ^-1 lin. br., with 1 fertile segm. to
each, |— g in. 1., the rachis often curved, with 4-10 close, spreading spikes on each
side.— Hk. $ Gr. t. 17. Beddome, t. 65. S. Forsteri, Spr. S. cristata, Willd.
S. Poppigiana, Sturm.

Hab. Cuba, Venezuela, Peru, Polynesia, Australia, New Zealand, Philippines, Ma-
laccas, Neilgherries, Mascaren Isles. — The Polynesian S. cristata, Willd., is a large form
with broader divisions than usual. The American plant is S. occidentalis, Griseb., and
is said to have the fertile segment twice as long as in the type ; but we do not find the
character to always hold good.

14. S. (Loph.) elegans, Sw. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, erect, naked;//*, like the
letter V in outline, 4-8 in. each way, dichotomously forked or cleft, the divisions
varying greatly in number and breadth (j-2 in.), surface glossy ; fertile segm.
copious, distinctly stalked, J-f in. 1., the rachis often recurved with 6-15 close
spreading linear-cylindrical spikes on each side. — Hk. G. F. t. 54. — j3, S.flabellum,
Mart. ; fr. almost or quite undivided. — Mart. t. 55. L. latifolium, Rich. S.
spectabilis, Mart. Sturm. Fl. Bras. fasc. 23. t. 14.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico to Brazil. — S. attenuata, Beyr., appears to be a form
with unusually narrow divisions. S. pacificans, Mart. Icon. Crypt, t. 56, has two entire
divisions, each 6 in. br.

§§§ Actinostachys, Wall. Fertile segment digitate rather than pinnate ; caps,
quadricerial. Sp. 15-16.

15. S. (Actin.) pennula, Sw. ; st. dense, 1-2 in. 1., subterete, brownish, passing
gradually into the fr., which is 1 ft. or more 1., nearly 1 lin. thick, triquetrous,
with 3 sharp angles, crowned at the apex with 6-12 subtriquetrous fertile
spikes, which are ^-1^ in. 1., pilose beneath, with the caps, usually in 4 rows. —
S. trilateral, Schk. Hk. & Gr. t. 54. S. penicillata, H. B. K. S. Isevigata,
Mett. — /3, S. subtrijuga, Mart. ; fr. 6-9 in. L, much more slender, the spikes
often reduced to 3 or ±.—Kunzey t. 97- /. 1. A. Germani, Fee, Fil. Ant. t. 29.

Hab. West Indies to Rio Janeiro, New Caledonia, Isle of Pines. — We cannot distin-
guish the Polynesian S. Icevigata from the American plant. The New Caledonian
S. intermedia, Mett., is intermediate between our two varieties.

16. S. (Actin.) digitata, Sw. ; st. dense, 1-2 in. L, brownish, subterete, passing
gradually into the fr., which is 1 ft. or more L, 1-2 lin. br., flattened, the
midrib beneath prominent, crowned at the apex with 6-15 subtriquetrous
fertile spikes, which are l\ in. L, naked beneath, with the caps, in 4 rows and
the edge much inflexed. — Hk. G. F. t. 54.

.Hab. Himalayas to Ceylon, Bonin, Philippines, Malay Isles, and Fiji.

65. ANP:MIA, § EU ANEMIA. 431

GEN. 65. ANEMIA, Sw.

Caps, small, very abundant, forming a copiously-branched panicle quite
distinct from the leafy part of the frond. A well-marked genus, almost confined^
to Tropical America. TAB. VIII. fig. 65.

§ Euanemia. Panicle and leafy portion united in the same frond ; veins free.
Sp'. 1-18. Fig. 650.

* Pinnce of barren segment entire or nearly so. Sp. 1-12.
t Barren segment lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong. Sp. 1-8.

A. Pinnce 6-8 or less on each side. Sp. 1-3.

1. A. Gardneri, Hk. ; st. 3-4 in. 1., firm, erect, naked ; barren segm. short-
stalked, 4 in. 1., 2^ in. br., with 4 imbricated nearly round pinnce on each side,
the lowest 1 in. br., short-stalked, the edge crenulate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis
and both sides naked; veins quite flabellate; panicle 2 in. 1., with elongated
spreading lower branches, the peduncle about equalling it. — Hk. Ic. 1. 190 (not
A. Gardneriana, Presl).

Hab. South Brazil, Gardner 4.

2. K. filiformis, Presl ; st. 1-3 in. 1., slender, slightly villose ; barren segm. ses-
sile, 3-4 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., with 6-8 sessile linear-obovate pinnce on each side,
which are 2-3 lin. br., with nearly their own breadth between them, the edge
rather deeply toothed ; texture almost herbaceous ; rachis and surfaces finely
villose ; veins flabellate ; panicle 2-3 in. 1., the branches short, with a peduncle
3 or 4 times its own length. — A. dentata, Gardner.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Brazil. — This may be a variety of the next, with
which it coincides in its short stem and very long peduncle ; but the texture is much less
coriaceous, and the pinnae are narrower and distinctly toothed. Mettenius refers the
synonym of A. filiformis, Swartz, to our A. Breuteliana.

3. A. oblongifolia, Sw. ; st. 2-4 in. 1., firm, erect, slightly villose ; barren segm.
sessile, 3-4 in. 1., \\ in. br., simply pinnate, with 6-8 pairs of sessile pinnce^ which
are oblong, blunt, subentire, the base on the upper side parallel with the stem, on
the lower obliquely truncate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and surfaces finely vil-
lose ; veins flabellate ; panicle 1-2 in. 1., the lower branches short, the peduncle
5-6 in. 1. — SchJc. t. 142.—-j3, A. humilis, Sw. ; smaller, pinnce close, 3-4 only on
each side. A. Seemanni, Hk. Lond. Journ. 7. t. 16.

Hab. Mexico to Brazil and Peru. — A. pilosa, Presl (A. pumila, Klotzsch), appears to
be a form intermediate between our two varieties. Characterized by its close coriaceous
Dinnae and barren segment nearly equal in width throughout.

B. Pinnce more than 6-8 on each side. Sp. 4-8.

4. A. Dregeana, Kze. ; st. 8-12 in. 1., firm, slightly villose ; barren segm. sub-
sessile, 8-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., about equal in width in the lower half, with 8-12
pinnce on each side, which are 1-1^ in. 1., ^-| in. br., ovate-deltoid, unequal at

he base, the upper side subcordate, the edge inciso-crenate ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and surfaces finely villose, a distinct midrib often halfway to the apex ;
panicle 3-4 in. L, the lower branches elongated, on a peduncle about as long as
itself.— Kze. t. 20. Hk. Ic. t. 236.

Hab. Natal ; and a plant collected by Seemann in N. W. Mexico, referred in Bot.
Herald, to .4. collina, is so near this that we do not venture to separate them.

432 65. ANEMIA, § EUANEMIA.

6. A. rotundifolia, Schrad. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., deciduously villose ; barren segm.
8-12 in. 1., often prolonged and rooting at the extremity, 1-2 in. br. below, with
8-12 pairs of distant pinnae, which are 1 in. 1., g-f in. br., very blunt, the lower
side obliquely truncate at the base, the outer edge finely toothed ; texture sub-
coriaceous ; rachis and surfaces finely villose ; veins flabellate ; panicle 2-3 in. 1.,
the peduncle slender, 3-4 in. 1. — A. radicans, (3 Raddi, Fil. Bras. £.11.

Hab. South Brazil.

6. A. caudata, Kaulf. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., slightly villose ; barren segm. 8-12 in. 1.,
often prolonged and rooting at the apex, 2 in. br. at the base, narrowed very gra-
dually upwards, with 20 or more pairs of close sessile subdimidiate pinnce, which
are f -1 in. 1., J in. br., the point blunt, the edge finely toothed ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and surfaces finely pilose ; veins flabellate ; panicle 2-3 in. 1., lax, on a
peduncle 3-5 in. 1. — A. radicans, Raddi, Fil. Bras. t. 10.

Hab. Brazil.

7. A. mandioccana, Raddi ; st. 6-12 in. 1., deciduously villose ; barren segm.
1 ft. or more 1., 2-3^ in. br., oblong-lanceolate, the lower half about equal in
width ; pinnce in 20 or more close pairs, the point narrowed, but scarcely acute,
the edge finely serrulate, the base on the upper side parallel with the stem, on the
lower obliquely truncate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces finely pilose ;
veins flabellate ; panicle very compound, 3-4 in. 1., with a peduncle longer than
itself.— Raddi, t. 9. Hk. G. F. t. 36 (non Gen. Fil. t. 90).

Hab. Brazil. — Very doubtfully distinct from the preceding.

8. A. collina, Raddi ; st. 8-12 in. 1., firm, erect, densely clothed with fine ferru-
ginous spreading hairs; barren segm. sessile, 6-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., with about
12 sessile pinnce on each side, which are 1-1| in. 1., §-^in. br., unequal-sided,
obliquely truncate below, blunt, subentire ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis clothed
with hairs like the stem ; venation flabellate ; panicle 2-3 in. 1., close, the peduncle
4-6 in. I.— Raddi, Fil. Bras. Z. 12. Hk. Fil.Ex.t.l. A. vellea, Schrad. A. hirta,
J. Sm. (nonSw.).

Hab. Brazil. — This comes near to the two preceding, but the stem is densely ferru-
gineo-tomentose, and the pinnae are distant and less numerous.

ft Barren segment subdeltoid. Sp. 9-12.

9. A. glareosa, Gardner ; st. 4-5 in. 1., firm, erect, with adpressed ferruginous
hairs ; barren segm. sessile, under 2 in. 1., 1-1^ in. br., ovate-deltoid, with a ter-
minal lobe and 3-4 oblong blunt pinnce |- in. br. on each side, only the lowest pair,
which are sometimes lobed on the lower side at the base, reaching down to the
rachis ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces finely villose ; vein? flabellate ;
panicle 3-4 in. 1., with dense short erecto-patent branches, the peduncle under
1 in. 1. — Gard. Sert. PI. t. 70. A. Gardneriana, Presl.

Hab. South Brazil, Gardner 4086, BurclieU 6594-2.— Most like ollongifoUa in texture,
but the peduncle much shorter, and remarkable for the barren segment being truly
pinnate only at the base.

10. A. Breuteliana, Presl ; st. 6-12 in. 1., slightly villose ; barren segm. sessile,
4-9 in. 1., 1^-4 in. br., subdeltoid, with 6-9 pairs of sessile pinnce, which are oblong,
obtuse, rather unequal-sided, entire or pinnatifid in the lower part, and grow
smaller gradually upwards ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides nearly
naked : panicle 2-4 in. 1., lax, the peduncles 3-6 in. 1. — A. mandioccana, Hk.
Gen. Fil. t. 90. and Griseb. (non Raddi).

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Brazil and Peru. — A well-marked and widely-distri-

65. ANEMIA, § EU ANEMIA. 433

buted plant with a confused synonymy. Probably it is A. hirta, Sw. ; but Plumier's
figure (t. 157) is much stronger and more hairy than any of our specimens. Mettenius
refers here A. filiformis, Swz., but we have thought it best to drop both names. A. incisa,
Schrad., and A. pallida, Gardn., are apparently a subpinnatifid variety, and A. hispida^
Kze., and Pohliana, Sturm, either belong here or are closely allied.

11. A. Langsdorffiana, Presl ; st. 8-12 in. ]., rather densely villose ; barren
segm. sessile, subdeltoid, about 6 in. 1. by nearly as br., with 6 pairs of sessile
pinnae, with nearly their own breadth between them, the lowest the largest, 2^-
in. 1., |-^ in. br., the two sides nearly equal at the base, the apex acuminate,
the edge serrulate ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises finely pilose ; a midrib nearly
to the point ; panicle 2-3 in. 1., with a peduncle about equalling it in length. —
Lang. & Fisch. t. 28.

Hab. South Brazil, as figured by Langsdorf. — We have a specimen gathered in Bahia
by Salzmann, and a similar one, but with the lower pinnae deeply lobed, gathered by
Fendler (No. 12) in Venezuela. Probably it is a free-veined form of A. Phyllitidis, which
it resembles closely in habit.

12. A. mexicana, Klotzsch ; st. 6-12 in. 1., firm, naked ; barren segm. on a stalk
1 in. or more I., 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with 4=-6 pinnce on each side, the lowest the
largest, distinctly stalked, ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 in.l., f-f in. br., rounded on both
sides at the base, the edge very slightly crenate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and
surfaces quite naked ; a distinct midrib from the base to the apex ; panicle 3-4
in. 1., with dense short erecto-patent branches ; peduncle 1-4 in. 1. — Hk. Ic. t. 988.
Kunze, #.131.

Hab. New Mexico and Texas to Guatemala. — A. speciosa, Presl (Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 65),
is a reduced form, with only a single pair of pinnae. This is well marked by its naked
coriaceous pinnae, with a very distinct midrib.

** Pinnce of barren segment pinnatifid or bipinnatifid. Sp. 13-18.

13. A. hirsuta, Sw. ; st. 6-12 in, 1., slender, naked ; barren segm. 2-6 in. 1., 1-3
in. br., sessile, oblong-deltoid, bipinnatifid ; pinnae in 6-8 opposite pairs, 1-1^
in. 1., j-f in. br., varying from oblong, obtuse, subentire, truncate at the base on
the lower side, to deeply pinnatifid with narrow divisions ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and surfaces slightly pilose ; panicle 1-2 in. 1., close, the peduncle 2-6 in. 1.,
slender. — Plum. t. 162. A. repens, Raddi, t. Q.b. A. ciliata, Presl. — /3, A. tenella,
Sw. ; pinnce cut down to the rachis into linear divisions, with a considerable space
between them, the lower ones forked or trifid. A. dissecta, Presl.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Peru and South Brazil. — A. coriacea, Griseb. (Cuba, Wright
1798), is said to be like this, but naked and shining, the barren segments only 1^ in. 1.,
1 in. br., with only the lower pinnae pinnatipartite at the base. A. gracilis, Schrad.
(A. humilis, Hk. Ex. Fl. t. 28. non Sw.), appears to be a reduced form with subentire
pinnae.

14. A. tomentosa, Sw. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., strong, erect, clothed with deciduous fer-
ruginous hairs ; barren segm. 6-12 in. 1., half as br., ovate-deltoid, bipinnatifid or
bipinnate ; lowest pinnce the largest, the blunt lobes often ^-f in. 1., J in. br.,
nearly uncut ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces densely pilose ; veins
fine, flabellate ; panicle 4-9 in. 1., lax, the peduncle 1-2 in. 1. — A. flexuosa, Sw.
Raddi, t. 13. Hk. Fil. Ex. t. 30. A. villosa, H. B. K. A, deltoidea, Sw.—
)8, A. fulva, Sw. ; smaller, more coriaceous ; barren segm. tri- or even quadri-
piunatiiid, the ult. divisions much smaller and sharper. — Hk. F. Exot. t. 26.
A. anthriscifolia, Schrad.

Hab. Mexico and West Indies to Peru and Monte Video. — The two varieties look very
different in the extreme forms, but appear to slide into one another gradually. The

3 i

434 65. ANEMIA, §§ ANEM1DICTYON.

original A. tomentosa and deltoidea are the less-developed forms of the less-divided
variety, with which agree the Neilgherry A. Wightiana, Gardn. (Beddome, t. 66), and
Abyssinian A. Schimperiana, Presl. The former has an unusually strong stem, both
that and the rachises densely ferrugineo-tomentose ; whilst a plant gathered by Dr. Wel-
witsch in Angola is like /3, but nearly naked, with the divisions blunter than in the
extreme form. Besides the synonyms already quoted, we appear to include the following,
which are given as distinct by Sturm ; viz. rubrostipes, Pohl, ferruginea, H. B. K., Rad-
diana, Link, oblonga and imbricata.

15. A. trichorhiza, Gardn. ; caud. with a dense tuft of bright red-brown fibril-
lose scales | in. 1. at the crown ; st. 1-2 in. 1., densely clothed with white woolly
tomentum ; barren segm. ovate-deltoid, 2-3 in. 1., 1-li in. br., bipinnate ; pinnce
close, spreading, lanceolate, with several close roundish or oblong pinnl. ; texture
coriaceous ; both sides when young completely enveloped in dense woolly tomen-
tum ; panicle subsessile from the base of the barren segm. — Hk. Jc. t. 876.

Hab. South Brazil, Gardner 4080, Burchell 7043, 1881. — A very distinct species.

16. A. rutcefolia, Mart. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., firm, naked ; barren segm. short-stalked,
2-3 in. 1., 1-l^r in. br., oblong, bi- or tripinnatifid ; pinnce subdistant, lanceolate,
cut down nearly to the rachis into narrow toothed or slightly pinnatifid divisions ;
texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces slightly hairy ; panicle subsessile, close, 1-1^ in. 1.
— Mart. t. 55. A. glareosa, Gard. MSS.

Hab. South Brazil, Martins, Gardner 5339. — This may be a variety of the next, from
which it seems to differ principally by its subsessile panicle.

17. A. adiantifolia, Sw. ; rhizome creeping ; st. 12-18 in.l., firm, naked ; barren
segm. short-stalked, 6-9 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., deltoid, bi-tripinnate ; pinnce close,
lanceolate, the lowest the largest ; ult. divisions oblong or linear-cuneate, the outer
edge toothed ; texture coriaceous ; rachises slightly pilose ; veins fine, channelled,
flabellate ; panicle 3-4 in. 1., the peduncle 1-3 in. 1. — Plum. t. 158.

Hab. Cuba, Bahamas, Florida, and Mexico to Bahia. — A. asplenifolia, Sw. (Hk. & Gr.
t. 16), is a reduced bipinnate form. This forms the genus Anemirhiza of J. Smith, cha-
racterized by an elongated rhizome, from which the stems arise in a single row. A. carui-
folia, Presl, is a finely-cut variety.

18. A. cuneata, Kze. ; rhizome creeping ; st. 3-4 in. 1., slender, naked ; barren
segm. long-stalked, 3-4 in. 1., tripinnatifid, with distant pinnae and pinnls., the
ult. divisions linear-cuneate, \ lin. br., cleft at the apex ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and surfaces naked ; panicle slender, lax, the lower branches elongated, the
peduncles slender, \\ in. 1. — Kze. Anal. Pter. 8. t. 5.

Hab. Cuba, Pceppig.— Perhaps a small finely-cut form of the preceding.

§§ Anemidictyon, J. Sm. Panicle and leafy portion united in the same frond ;
veins anastomosing. Sp. 19-21. Fig. 65. e.

19. A. (Anemid.) Tweediana, Hk. ; st. 3-4 in. 1., naked or slightly pilose ;
barren segm. 1^-2 in. 1., 1 in. br., ovate-oblong, simply pinnate ; pinnce in 2-3
sessile pairs, oblong, f in. 1., | in. br., the point blunt, the edge crenulate, the
base rounded ; texture subcoriaceous ; main vein not distinct to the apex ; panicle
1-2 in. 1., dense, the lower branches short, the peduncle 1-2 in. \.—Hk. Ic. t. 906.

Hab. Uraguay and South Brazil.

20. A. (Anemid.) Schraderiana, Mart.; st. 6-9 in. 1., villose below; barren

the ter-

65. ANEMIA, §§§ COPTOPHYLLUM. 435

distinct to the apex, the veinlets oblique, slightly joining ; panicle 1-2 in. ]., the
peduncle 1-4 in. 1. — Mart. Ic. t. 58. A. diversifolia and Vespertilio, Schrad.

Hab. South Brazil. — With this we are not acquainted. The description is compiled
principally from Martius.

21. A. (Anemid.) Phyllitidis> Sw. ; st. 6-18 in. 1., stramineous, naked or fibril-
lose ; barren segm. sessile, 4-12 in. 1., 2-8 in. br., ovate-oblong, simply pinnate ;
pinnae in 4-12 sessile pairs, the lowest the largest, ovate, 1-6 in. 1., -|-2 in. br., the
apex acute, the edge crenulate, the base rounded or cuneate or unequal ; texture
subcoriaceous ; main vein distinct to the apex, the veinlets oblique, forming
numerous long narrow areolse ; rachises naked or pilose ; panicle dense, 3-9 in. 1.,
the branches short, the peduncle 3-8 in. \.-Plum. t. 156. Raddi, Fil. Bras. t. 8.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Peru and South Brazil. — We appear to include here eight
species of Sturm, of which A. obliqua and sorbifolia, Schrad., A. fraxini folia, Raddi, and
A. macrophylla, have the terminal pinna more or less joined to those below, whilst in
his A. Phyllitidis, longifolia, Link, and densa, Raddi, it is distinctly separated. A. lad-
niata, Link, has the lower pinnae inciso-lobate. Villose forms of this are often labelled
A. hirta, Sw. ; but that synonym appears to belong properly to our A. Breuteliana.

§§§ Coptophyllum, Gardn. Barren and fertile fronds distinct. Sp*. 22-26.

22. A. (Copt.) aurita, Sw. ; st. of the barren frond 2-3 in. ]., firm, erect,
slightly pilose ; barren fr. 3-6 in. 1., l|-2 in. br., oblong-deltoid, bipinnate, the
lower pinnae the largest, stalked, simple, or with 1 or 2 roundish sessile entire
or slightly toothed pinnl. on each side ; texture coriaceous ; surface glossy ; veins
finely channelled, fiabellate ; panicle 2-3 in. 1., interrupted, the lower branches
short, the st. 6-8 in. \.-Hk. Ic. t. 903.

Hab. Jamaica.

23. A. (Copt.) Wrightii, Baker ; st. of barren frond 1-5 in. 1., slender, naked,
stramineous ; barren fr. 2-3 in. 1., l^in. br., subdeltoid, tripinnatifid ; pinncefe\v,
distant, the lower ones deltoid, the upper pinnules cuneate, simple, ^ in. br., the
lower ones deeply cleft from the circumference inwards ; texture subcoriaceous ;
racMs and surfaces naked ; veins flabellate ; panicle 2-3 in. 1., very lax and few-
branched, stem 8-12 in. 1.

Hab. Cuba, Wright 1812. — In habit not unlike A. cuneata, or a small slender form of
adianiifolia.

24. A. (Copt.) bipinnata, Moore ; st. of barren frond 1-2 in. 1., slender, naked ;
barren fr. 2-3 in. 1., f-1 in. br., oblong-deltoid, tripinnatifid ; lower pinnce tbe
largest, subdeltoid, with cuneate pinnatifid pinnl. ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins
flabellate ; rachis and surfaces slightly hairy ; panicle lax, close, elongated, the
st. slander, 2-3 in. 1. — Osmunda, Linn. Herb. A. cicutaria, Kze. Anal. Pter.
9. t. 5.

Hab. Bahamas and West Indies. — The figure of Plumier which Linnaeus quotes is
evidently Osmunda cinnamomea.

25. A. (Copt.) dichotomy Gardn. ; st. of barren frond densely tufted, firm,
erect, slender, naked ; barren fr. 1-2 in. 1., about 1 in. br., oblong, tripinnate,
the segments filiform, dichotomously forked, the divisions 2-3 lin. 1. ; texture
subcoriaceous ; surfaces and rachis naked ; panicle 2-3 in. ]., the lower branches
elongated, the st. 3-4 in. \.-Sturm, in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. 23. fig. 16. t. 4.
Copt, buniifolium, Gard. Hk. Ic. t. 477.

Hab. Brazil.— A. tenu! folia, Presl (Sturm, 1. c. t. 16. f. 2), is probably a smaller and
more slender form of this species. Leaf in cutting resembling that of Bunium flcxuosum,
the divisions much longer and fewer than in the next.

436 66. MOHRIA. 67. THOCHOPTERIS. 68. LYGODIUM, § EULYGODIUM.

26. A. (Copt.) millefolia, Gard. ; st. of barren frond 1-1^ in. ]., dense, erect,
pilose ; barren fr. 2-3 in. 1., f-1 in. br., oblong, tripinnate ; pinnce close, oblong,
the segm. slightly flattened, under 1 lin. 1. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises pilose ;
panicle 2-3 in. 1., with copious erecto-patent branches, the stem 3-4 in. 1. —
Sturm in Mart. FL Bras. fasc. 23. fig. 16. t. 4. Copt. Gardn. Hk. Ic. t. 478.

Hab. South Brazil. — Barren frond in shape and cutting resembling a leaf of AcMllea
miliefolium.

GEN. 66. MOHRIA, $w.

Caps, sessile, placed on the back of the leafy frond near the edge. A single
species, combining the capsules of the sub-order with the habit of Cheilaiitlies.
TAB. VIII. fig. 66.

1. M. ca/rorum, Desv. ; st. tufted, 3-4 in. 1., slightly scaly ; fr. 6-18 in. 1.,
2-4 in. br., tripinnatifid ; pinnce close, lanceolate-oblong, cut down to a narrowly-
winged rachis into oblong pinnl., which are pinnatifid and deeply toothed in
the barren frond, less divided in the fertile one ; texture herbaceous or subcori-
aceous ; rachises and under surface more or less clothed with linear subulate
pale-brown scales. — Polyp. Linn. M. thurifragra, Sw.

Hab. Cape Colony to Natal, Mauritius, Bourbon, and Madagascar. — Fragrant when
bruised. M. achillecefolia of the gardens (Lowe, N. F. t. 42. B.) is a finely-cut variety,
almost quadripinnatifid, and is said to have a different scent, arid grow in 'more open
places.

GEN. G7. THOCHOPTERIS, Gardn.

Caps, small, sessile, placed irregularly round the edge on the under side of
the slightly-contracted lower lobes of the leafy frond. A single species, like a
dwarf Anemia, but with the fertile and barren parts of the frond not distinct.
TAB. VIII. fig. 67.

1. T. elegans, Gard. ; st. densely tufted, very short ; fr. 1 in. 1., J-f in. br.,
lyrato-pinnatifid, the upper lobes rounded, not deep, the lowest pair reaching
down nearly to the rachis, and bearing the sori on its laciniated edge ; texture
herbaceous ; venation flabellate, free ; both sides villose. — Gardn. in Hk. Journ. 1.
p. 74. t. 74. Anemia, St. in Mart. Fl. Bras. t. 16.

Hab. South Brazil.— The fronds resemble the leaves of a Geum, and form a dense
rosulate tuft.

GEN. 68. LYGODIUM, Sw.

Caps, solitary (or casually in pairs), in the axils of large imbricated clasping
involucres, which form spikes either in separate pinnae or in lax rows along
the edge of the leafy ones. A small widely -diffused genus, well characterized by
its wide-scandent twining stems. TAB. IX. f. 68.

§ Eulygodium. Veins free. Sp. 1-13.

* Fully-developed barren pinnules palmate or dichotomously forked.
Sp. 1-6.

1 . L. palmatum, Sw. ; primary petiole slender, £-| in. 1., each fork in the
lower part of the stem bearing a single cordato-palmate pinnl. 1^-2 in. br., not
so deep, bluntly 4-6-lobed more than halfway down, the slender petiole J-f in. 1. ;
fertile pinnl. subdeltoid, 3-4-pinnatifid, formed only of winged rachises and short
spike-like fertile ultimate divisions, the latter linear, 1-1^ lin. 1. ; surfaces naked ;
texture thin-herbaceous.— #£. Fil. Ex. t. 24. Schk. t. 140. A. Gray, Man. t. 13.
Gisopteris, Bernh.

Hab. Massachusetts to Florida.

68. LYGODIUM, § EULYGODIUM. 437

2. L. dichotomum, Sw*. ,; primary petiole so much reduced that the fork seems
almost to spring from the main rachis, secondary 1-2 in. L, firm, naked ; pinnl.
digitate, with 5-6 lobes reaching nearly down to the base, or once or even twice
forked ; ult. barren divisions 4-8 or even 12 in. L, £-f in. br., the fertile ones
contracted, sometimes so much so that the lamina is nearly lost ; the spikes 1-2
lin. 1., in close marginal rows; texture subcori&ceous ; surfaces naked. — HTc.&Gr.
t. 55. JBeddome, t. 62. L. circinatum and pedatum, and probably flexuosum,
Sw. Ugena, Cav.

Hab. Chusan, Hong-Kong, Philippines, Ceylon, Malay Peninsula and Isles. — If, as
seems likely, this is L. flexuosum, Swz., that is the oldest specific name.

3. L. digitatum, Eaton (not Presl) ; primary petiole short or obsolete, secondary
1 in. or more 1. ; pinnl. palmate, cut down nearly to the base or once forked,
the lobes 6-12 in. 1., |-1 in. br., the point acute or bluntish, the base narrowed,
the edge of the barren ones crenulate or finely toothed ; texture subcoriaceous ;
surfaces glossy, naked ; spikes 1-2 lin. ]., in close rows along the edge of the
lobes.— Eaton, Fil. Wright $ Fend. p. 217.

Hab. Gathered about Panama and in New Granada by Seemann, Cuming, and Hayes,
and in Guatemala by Salvin and Godman. Apparently larger and less divided than the
preceding, which is Presl's digitatum, but very doubtfully distinct.

4. L. semihastatum, Desv. ; primary petiole nearly or quite obsolete, secondary
1 in. or more ; pinnl. once forked, each short-stalked, divisions (in our specimen)
simple, ligulate, 6-8 in. 1., nearly 1 in. br. without the spikes, the base unequal,
one side very cordate ; texture coriaceous ; surface naked ; spikes j in. 1., in close
rows along the edge of the segments. — Ugena, Cav. H. auriculatum, Cav.

Hab. Philippine and Marianne Isles, Cuming, &c. — The sterile pinnules are described
as palmate. The fertile ones, except that they are in pairs instead of being numerous
and arranged pinnately, are like those of pinnatifidum.

5. L. articulatum, Rich. ; primary petiole j-^ in. L, secondary 1 in. or more 1. ;
barren pinnl. twice forked, each bearing 4 ligulate-oblong segm., which are 2-3
in. 1., about \ in. br., blunt at the point, very distinctly articulated at the base
on a short petiole ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked ; fertile pinnl.
many times dichotomous, the short spikes in dense clusters, which are often
almost destitute of lamina. — A. Rich. Fl. t. 15.

Hab. New Zealand. — A very well-marked species.

6. L. trifurcatum, Baker; primary petiole obsolete or very short, secondary
1-1^ in. 1. ; pinnl. twice dichotomously forked, and each division bipartite
nearly to the base, the ult. barren divisions 4-6 in. 1., |-§ in. br., the point acute
or bluntish, the edge crenulate, the petioles not articulated ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis and surfaces naked ; fertile divisions contracted, cut down nearly to the
rachis, the short spikes in clusters of 3-6 upon the lobes.

Hab. Solomon Isles, Milne 511, 591, /. G. Veitch ; Louisiade Archipelago, McGillivray.
— This seems a very distinct species. In one of our specimens the spikes are 1 to 3
together, and the portion of the lamina that supports them is only linear.

• '""" Fully-developed barren pinmiles pinnate. Sp. 7-13.

7. L. scandens, Sw. ; primary petiole very short, secondary j-^r in. 1. ; pinnl.
4-8 in. L, 2-4 in. br., with a terminal segm. and 4-5 on each side, which are very
variable^n shape, usually simple, ovate or ligulate-oblong, with a rounded or
cordate base, sometimes hastate or even slightly pinnate below, always articulated
on a short petiole, spreading from the rachis at right angles ; texture firm ; sur-

438 68. LYGODIUM, § EULYGODIUM.

faces naked or nearly so ; spikes 1-3 lin. 1., in close rows along the edge of the
segments. — Beddome, t. 61.

Hab. South China and Himalayas to Queensland, Malay Isles, and Ceylon ; Guinea,
Coast. — L. micropkyllum, Br., is a common form with short broad segments ; L. semi-
bipinnatum, Br., the form with the segments pinnate at the base. We do not venture to
separate the Mexican L, mexicanum, Presl, which is quite like this in habit, but is said
to be not articulated at the apex of the petiole, a character which our specimens leave in
doubt.

8. L. venustum, Sw. ; primary petiole very short, secondary £-^ in. 1. ; pinnl.
6-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br., with a terminal segm. and 4-12 on each side, which are
simple, ligulate-oblong, the lower ones usually hastate, or pinnate below, all
articulated at the base, bluntly lobed at the edge when barren, the upper ones
sessile, the lower ones on a spreading petiole ^-^ in. 1. ; texture firm ; rachis and
surfaces densely villose ; spikes 1-4 lin. 1., in close rows. — L. polymorphum,
H. B. K. Ugena, Cav. H. hirsutum, Willd.

Hab. West Indies and Mexico to Brazil and Peru. — Near the preceding, but larger
and constantly villose, with the edge of the barren segments crenato-pinuatifid. L. cubense,
H. B. K., probably belongs here.

9. L. volubile, Sw. ; primary petiole nearly or quite obsolete, secondary about
1 in. 1. ; pinnl. 8-12 in. L, 6-10 in. br., with a simple ligulate-oblong terminal
segm. 3-6 in. ]., 1-1^ in. br., and 3-5 like it on each side, truncate or subcuneate,
and articulated at the base, and all distinctly stalked ; texture subccriaceous ; rachis
and surfaces naked or slightly pubescent ; spikes 1-3 lin. 1., in close rows along
the edge of the leafy segments. — L. scandens, Schk. t. 138. (iion Sw.}. L. hasta-
tum, Mart. t. 57.

Hab. Cuba to Brazil. — From this we cannot separate by any clear character L. has-
tatum a,nd~expansum, Desv., hirtum and lucens, K.aulf., Pceppiganum, Pre^l, Wrightii,
Eaton, surinamense, Miquel, acuminatum, puberulum, and micans, Sturm. Segments of
several of these are figured by Sturm (Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. 23. t. 13-14). In some of
the forms they have a pair of pinnse at the base, and in others they are slightly villose.

10. L. pinnatifidum, Sw. ; primary petiole none or very short, secondary often
1 in. 1. ; pinnl. 8-12 in. 1., 6-12 in. br., with a ligulate-oblong terminal segm. 3-6
in. 1., Jr-f in. br., and 3-4 like it on each side, usually rounded or cordate, all
articulated at the base, the lower ones, or all, short-stalked, and sometimes hastate
or pinnate below; texture subcoriaceous; rachis and surfaces naked or slightly
pubescent ; spikes 1-3 lin. 1., in close rows along the edge of the leafy segments.
— L. flexuosum, Bedd. t. 63, but scarcely of S warts.

Hab. Himalayas, Philippines, Malaccas, South India, Ceylon, Angola, Guinea Coast.
— Here belong L. longifolium and pubescens, Wall., the latter a slightly pubescent form,
and L. salicifolium, Presl (a form with small neat long-stalked segments), and Smith's Congo
plant, called L. Smithianum by Presl.

11. L. poly stachy urn. Wall. ; primary petiole short or obsolete, secondary ^-^
in. 1. ; pinnl. 8-12 in. 1., 4-6 in. br. ; the segm. uniform, 9-12 on each side, 2-3
in. 1., | in. br., articulated at the base, pinnatind more than halfway down to
the rachis into close entire blunt lobes ^ in. br. ; upper segm. sessile, lower ones
short-stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and surfaces pubescent ; the fruit
in the fertile ones occupying the back of the scarcely modified lobes. — Hk. 2nd
Cent. t. 76.

Hab. Malay Peninsula ; gathered by Wallich, Griffith, Parish, &c.— Well distin-
guished by its numerous uniform deeply and regularly piunatifid segments.

12. L. subalatum, Bojer ; primary petiole obsolete or very short, secondary
£ in. 1. ; pinnl. 6-9 in. L, 4-6 in. br ,*subdeltoid, bipinnate, the apex pinnatifid*;

G8. LYGODIUM, §§ HYDROGLOSSUM. 439

upper segm. sessile, ovate-deltoid, pirmatifid, lower short-stalked, deeply pin-
natifid or pinnate in the lower part, the divisions pinnatifid, the base not arti-
culated ; texture herbaceous ; surfaces naked or slightly villose ; spikes 1-2 lin. 1.,
terminating the ultimate lobes.

Hab. Madagascar and the Comoro Isles ; collected by Bojer, Kirk, and Speke. — The
segments are very close, often imbricated, and in well-developed pinnules six on each
side below the pinnatifid apex. This is midway between japonicum and polystachyum,
and has the phmatifid barren segments of the latter.

13. L. japonicum, Sw. ; primary petiole very short, secondary |-1 in. 1. ; pinnl.
4-8 in. J., nearly as broad, deltoid ; the terminal segm. pinnatifid or hastate, the
lateral ones 2-3 on each side, very unequal, not articulated at the base, the lower
ones long-stalked and pinnate in the lower part, the divisions entire or crenulate ;
texture herbaceous ; surfaces naked or slightly villose ; spikes 1-2 lin. 1., the lamina
of the fertile divisions often much reduced.— Beddome, t. 64.

Hab. Japan and the Himalayas to Ceylon, Java, Philippines, Hong-Kong, and Loo
Choo Isles. — L. F inlay sonianum, Wall., and L. tenue, Blume, both appear to be forms of
this with the lamina of the fertile divisions nearly obsolete.

§§ Hydroglossum, Presl. Veins anastomosing. Sp. 14--16. Fig. 69. c. Lygo-
dictyon, J. Smith.

14. L. (Hydro.) heterodoxum, Kze. ; primary petiole obsolete or very short,
secondary l\ in. 1. ; pinnl. with 2-3 bipartite segm., the ult. divisions 4-6 in. 1.,
| in. br., the petioles not articulated, the lowest often \ in. 1. ; texture thin ; rachis
and surfaces naked ; veins joining copiously ; spikes 1 lin. L, in close rows along
the edge of the leafy divisions. — Kunze, ^113. H. spectabile, Liebm. L. Lin-
deni, Hort.

Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.

15. L. (Hydro.) reticulatum, Schk. ; primary petiole J-J in. 1., secondary |-J
in. 1. ; pinnl. 6-9 in. L, 4-6 in. br., with a terminal segm. and 4-6 nearly uniform
ones on each side, which are cordate-hastate or ligulate-oblong, rounded or cordate
at the base, 2-3 in. 1., ^-f in. br., all articulated at the base, the lower ones short-
stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachises naked or slightly villose, sometimes
ebeneous ; spikes ]-3 lin. 1., in close rows along the edge of the segments. — Schk.
t. 1 39. H. polycarpum, Willd. H. scandens, Presl. L. Schkuhri and Forsteri,
J. Sm.

Hab. Polynesian Isles and East Tropical Australia.

16. L. (Hydro.) lanceolatum,Desv. ; primary petiole short or obsolete, secondary
1 in. 1. ; pinnl. 8-12 in. 1., 6-10 in. br. ; segm. 3-4, on each side, uniform, 4-6
in. 1., f-1 in. br., all stalked, articulated at the base, the base rounded or cuneate,
never cordate ; texture coriaceous ; rachis and surfaces glossy ; spikes 1-2 lin. 1,,
in close rows along the edge of the segments. — H. madagascariensis, Poir.

Hab. Madagascar, Bojer, Forbes, Meller, &c.

SUB-ORD. V. MARATTIACE.E.

Caps, opening by a slit down one side or a pore at the apex, without a ring,
usually joined together in concrete masses (synangia). Vernation circinate.*
GEN. 69-72.

•

* An elaborate illustrated monograph of the sub-order (excluding Dancea] was pub-
lished by De Vriese and Hartiog at Leyden in 1853. They define altogether ninety-four

440 69 ANGIOPTERIS. 70. MARATTIA, § EUMARATTIA.

GEN. 69. ANGIOPTERIS, Hoffin.

Caps, opening by a slit down the side, sessile, very close to one another but not
concrete, arranged in linear-oblong or boat-shaped sori near the edge of the frond.
TAB. IX. fig. 69.

1. A. evecta, Hoffm. ; caud. erect, 2-6 ft. high, 1^-2 ft. thick ; st. swollen and
articulated at the base, furnished with two large leathery auricles, which remain
attached to the caudex after it falls ; fr. 6-15 ft, 1., bipinnate ; pinnaz 1-3 ft. L,
spreading, the lowest the largest, the rachis swollen at the base ; pinnl. 4-12
in. L, ^-1^ in. br., linear-oblong, sessile or short-stalked, the point acuminate,
the edge entire or slightly toothed ; texture subcoriaceous ; both sides naked,
smooth, shining ; veins subparallel ; sori consisting of 8-15 caps., in close rows
near the edge, almost hiding the inferior fimbriated involucre. — Hk. fy Gr.
t. 36. Hk. Fil. Ex. t. 75.

Hab. Himalayas and Japan to Ceylon, Madagascar, New Caledonia, Queensland, and
Society Isles. — We cannot determine more than one clearly-marked species, but Presl
defines ten, and De Vriese sixty. There is a considerable range of variation in the tex-
ture of the pinnae and closeness of the veins and sori, and the number of capsules which
compose the latter ; and in many of the forms there is a free veinlet, which is very
variable in length and distinctness, which begins at the edge of the frond in the inter-
space between the veins proper. Psilodochea salicifolia, Presl, is an entirely obscure
plant, supposed to have been gathered in Lahore, said to be like Angiopteris, but without
an involucre.

GEN. 70. MARATTIA, Sm.

Caps, sessile or stalked, 4-12, concrete in boat-shaped synangia, which consist
of two opposite rows of capsules, and open by slits down their inner faces. A
well-marked genus, extending all round the world within the Tropics, and a little
beyond the southern one. TAB. IX. fig. 70.

§ Eumarattia. Synangia furnished with an obscure fimbriated inferior invo-
lucre. Sp. 1-2.

1. M..fraxinea, Smith ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., 1-1^ in. thick, smooth, deciduously scaly
and swollen in the lower part ; fr. 6-15 ft. L, bipinnate or casually tripinnate ;
pinnce 1-2 ft. L, often 1 ft. br. ; pinnl. oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 in. 1., |-1^ in. br.,
the apex acuminate, the edge entire or serrulate, the base cuneate or slightly-
rounded ; texture coriaceous ; surfaces naked ; veins simple or forked, the rachis
of the pinnse sometimes slightly winged ; synangia usually submarginal, in close
rows, |-1^ lin. L, the sides vertical, the receptacle linear, with 6-12 caps, on
each side.

Hab. Guinea Coast, Angola, Zambesi-land, Mascaren Isles, Natal, Cape Colony, Neil-
gherries, Ceylon, Philippines, Malaccas, Polynesia, New Zealand, Queensland, Norfolk
Island.— The typical plant (Smith, Ic. inedit. t. 48 ; Beddome, t. 79) has pinnules 1-1 ^
in. br., serrulate principally at the apex, numerous forked veins, and submarginal synan-
gia, with 10-12 caps, on each side. To this belong M. sorbifolia, Bory, and M. elegans,
Endl. From this we cannot separate clearly many plants which have been regarded as
distinct ; of which the principal are M. salictfolia, Schrad. (Kze. t. 38), including M. Dre-
giana and nataleiisis, Presl (South Africa), pinnules sharply toothed throughout, often
only £- 1 in. br., veins more distant, synangia with about 6 caps, on each side, not so
close or so near the edge ; M. salicina, tSm., De Vriese, tab. 3. fig. 18 (Society Isles),

species, and give nine large folio plates to illustrate the characters of these and the ana-
tomical structure of the genera. In all of them the caudex is a succulent irregularly-
shaped tuberous mass, upon which the stems are articulated, and the latter are furnished
at the base with a pair of large flap-like auricles, which are leathery in texture when dry.

70. MARATTIA, §§ GYMXOTHECA. 441

colour dark-green, veins and synangia very close, the former all simple, the lattrr long,
narrow, marginal ; a plant from Fiji, coriaceous in texture, colour dark-green, veins
simple, much raised, f line apart, synangia a third or nearly halfway from the edge to
the midrib ; M. purpurascens, De Vriese, t. 3. f. 19 (M. Ascensionis, J. Sm., Hk. G. F.
t. 65, from Ascension Island), a reduced fleshy form, as if grown in a very exposed sittF
ation, the fronds not more than 3-4 ft. high, lurid-purple in the wild plant, lower pinnl.
often cut down to a distinctly-winged rachis, the auricles at the base of the stem some-
times producing soriferous lobes like the frond in texture ; and M. sarnbucina, Blume
(Java), pinnl. 2-3 in. 1., f-| in. br., narrowed to both ends, very pale beneath, with distant
simple veins, small synangia placed half as far from the edge as from the midrib, and the
rachis of the pinnse more distinctly winged than usual. The Philippine M. pellucida,
Presl, comes very near this last, and M. sylvatica, Blume (De Vriese, t. 3. f. 23), appears
to differ only by having the lower pinnules again pinnatifid.

2. M. attenuata, Lab. ; st. 3-4 ft. 1., smooth ; fr. 3-4 ft. 1., tripinnate ; pinnce
1^-2 ft. 1., the lower ones with a stalk 6 in. 1. and 2-3 pinnl. on each side, the
latter with a terminal segm. and 3-4 on each side, which are 4-6 in. 1., 1 in. or
rather more br., the apex serrated, the base cuneate, the lower ones short-
stalked ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked ; rachis not winged ; veins usually
once forked ; synangia 1-1^ lin. 1., submarginal, the sides vertical, the receptacle
linear. — Lab. /Serf. Austro-Cal. p. 9. t. 13-14.

Hab. New Caledonia. — This may not be more than a more compound variety of the
preceding, but examples received recently from Vieillard quite agree with Labillardiere's
specimens and figures.

§§ Gymnotheca, Presl. Synangia sessile without an involucre.
Sp. 3-6.

3. M. (Gymno.) cicutcefolia, Kaulf. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., 1 in. thick, smooth ; fr. 5-6
ft. 1., bipinnate ; lower pinnce 12-18 in. 1., often 1 ft. br. ; pinnl. oblong-lan-
ceolate, 4-6 in. 1., |-1 in. br., the edge entire or serrulate, the base cuneate or
slightly rounded ; texture subcoriaceous ; surfaces naked ; veins distant, usually
in pairs that join at the base, one often forked ; rachis of the pinnse slightly
winged towards the apex ; synangia a short distance from the edge, 1-1^ lin. 1.,
deep cleft, the sides ultimately spreading, the attachment linear. — Mart. Ic. t. 70.
M. fraxinea, Raddi, t. 82. (non Smith).

Hab. Brazil. — De Vriese and Sturm define six Brazilian species, which we cannot
distinguish clearly, — Raddiana, polyodon, obtusidens, cicutcefolia, Verschaffeltiana, and
podolepis. The latter is the most unlike the type, and has herbaceous pinnse only 2-3
in. 1., | in. br., and very small synangia.

4. M. (Gymno.) laxa, Kze. ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., smooth ; fr. several ft. 1., bipinnate ;
lower pin nee l|-2 ft. 1., often 1 ft. br. ; pinnl. oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 in. 1.,
f-1 in. br., the edge inciso-crenate, the base cordate ; texture sulicoriaceous ;
surfaces naked ; veins in pairs that join at or near the base, both sometimes
forked ; rachis slightly winged towards the apex ; synangia quite close to the
edge, |-1 lin. ]., the sides always erect, the attachment linear. — Kunze, t. 95.
Presl, Suppl. tent. p. 15. Lowe, 8. t. 77. M. macropbylla, Hort.

Hab. Mexico, Liebold 62.— This and the preceding have entirely the habit of
M. fraxinea.

5. M. (Gymno.) Douglasii, Baker ; st. 3-5 ft. 1., thick, smooth ; fr. 6-8 ft. 1.,
tripinnatifid, the lower pinnce much the largest, all except the lowest pair
simply pinnate, 6-8 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., the rachis flattened and narrowly winged
throughout, the pinnl. usually under 1 in. 1., ^ in. br., linear-oblonpr, with broad
blunt teeth, the base cuneate ; pinnl. of the lowest pinnae ngain pinnatifid ; texture
thick-herbaceous ; surfaces naked ; synangia 1 to each lobe of the pinnules, sub-

3 K

442 70. MARATTIA, §§§ EUPODIUM. 71. DAN.EA.

marginal, £-f lin. 1., the sides ultimately spreading, the attachment oblong. —
Stibasia, Presl. De Vriese, tab. 3. /. 24.

Hab. Sandwich Isles.

6. M. (Gymno.) alata, Smith ; st. 1-2 ft. 1., 1 in. or more thick, deciduously
scaly ; Jr. 3-4 ft. 1., tripinnatifid, the lower pinnae the largest, all except the
lowest pair usually simply pinnate, the ultimate divisions ^-f in. 1., about J in.
br., oblong, blunt or acute, the base cuneate, the edge serrate or crenate, the
rachises with a very distinct wing ; texture herbaceous ; under surface more or
less chaffy ; synangia copious, submarginal, ^-f lin. 1., the sides erect, the attach-
ment oblong or roundish. — Smith, Ic. inedit. t. 46. (non Raddi). Discostegia,
Presl. M. Isevis, Smith, Ic. t. 47. M. weinmannnefolia, Liebm.

Hab. West Indies, Mexico, and Guatemala. — Presl and others assign to this an
involucre, which we are not able to detect. M. Icevis, Sm., is a form with the rachis
smooth and teeth of the segments blunt.

§§§ Eupodium, J. Sm. Synangia short-stalked without an involucre.

Sp. 7.

7. M. (Euppd.) Kau'fussii, J. Sm. ; st. 2-3 ft. 1., thick, naked ; Jr. 3-4 ft. ].,
quadripinnatifid, the lowest pinnce much the largest, all except the lowest pair
bipinnatifid, 1 ft. or more 1., 6-8 in. br. ; pinnl. 3-4 in. 1., the rachis very
distinctly winged ; segm. oblong, deeply and bluntly toothed, those of the lowest
pinnae again pinnatifid ; texture herbaceous ; surfaces naked ; synangia -|-| lin. 1.,
not marginal, deeply cleft, the sides ultimately spreading.— Hk. 2nd Cent. t. 95.
M. alata, Raddi, t. 83-4. (non Sm.)

Hab. West Indies and Columbia to Ecuador and Rio Janeiro.

GEN. 71. DAN^A, Sm.

Caps, sessile, concrete in rows, which cover the whole under surface of the
pinnae on which they are placed, opening by pores at the apex. A well-marked
genus restricted to Tropical America. TAB. IX. fig. 71.

1. D. simplicifolia, Rudge ; st. of the barren fr. 2-12 in. ]., with 0-2 nodes,
slightly scaly below ; barren fr. 6-12 in. 1., 2-4 in. br., ovate-oblong, the apex
acuminate, the edge entire, the base rounded or cuneate ; texture subcoriaceous ;
midrib beneath naked ; veins close, usually once forked ; fertile fr. similar but
smaller, and the st. longer. — Rudge, t. 36. Kunze, t. 50.

Hab. Guiana and North Brazil. — One of our specimens is partially fertile only. There
are about 100 capsules in the central synangia, and 30,000 to an entire frond.

2. D. trifoliata, Reich.; st. of barren fr. about 1 in. 1., with 1 node, slightly
scaly below ; barren fr. with an oblong-lanceolate entire terminal pinna 8-12
in. 1., 3 in. br., and one or two pairs of similar but smaller lateral ones ; texture
coriaceous ; surfaces glossy, the rachis naked, not winged, swollen at the nodes ;
veins close, usually once forked, casually anastomosing ; fertile fr. on a longer st.,
the pinnse smaller. — Kze. Anal. 4. t. 2.

Hab. Guiana ; gathered by Hostmann and Schomburgk.— Perhaps not really distinct
from the preceding.

3. D. trichomanoides, Spruce, MSS. ; st. of barren fr. under 1 in. 1., furfu-
raceous, continuous ; barren fr. 3-4 in. 1., 1 in. br., with about 12 pinnce on each
side, the central ones ^ in. 1., 2 lin. br., oblong, short-stalked, the base rounded ;
colour dark-green ; texture pellucido-herbaceous; veins simple; rachis with a

71. DAN^A. 443

distinct crisped wing throughout ; fertile fr. on longer st. than the barren ones,
and the pinnse more distinctly stalked and not so close. — Moore, Ind. Fit. p. 288.

Hab. Tarapota, East Peru, Spruce 4710.

4. D. Leprieurii, Kze. ; st. 6-9 in. 1., slender, nearly naked, with 3-4 distinct
articulations ; barren fr. 6-9 in. 1., 3-4 in. br., with about 6 sessile pinnce on
each side, which are 1^-2 in. 1., f in. br., oblong-falcate, the edge crisped, the
lowest pair nearly equalling the others ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins very fine
and close, usually once for"ked ; rachis slender, swollen at the nodes, slightly
winged upwards ; fertile fr. on a longer st. than the barren one, the pinnae
similar, but smaller. — Kze. t. 60.

Hab. Guiana and the Amazon Valley. — This forms the section Arthrodancea of Presl,
characterized by a distinctly articulated stem.

5. D. humilis, Moore ; st. of barren fr. 2-4 in. 1., furfuraceous, with 0-1 node ;
barren fr. about 1 ft. 1., 2-3 in. br., with 15-25 close pinnce on each side, the
central ones 1^ in. 1., J-§ in. br., distinctly stalked, the point blunt, the edge
sl'ghtly crisped, the base on both sides rounded or subcordate ; lower pinnce
rather shorter than tLe others; featfwre "fleshy-herbaceous ; rachis' furfuraceous,
distinctly winged throughout ; veins fine and close ; fertile fr. like the other, but
smaller. — Moore, Ind. Fil. p. 286.

Hab. El Ecuador, Seemann 996 ; and a plant gathered by Dr. Spruce in East Peru
(4769) is probably the same. Some of Dr. Seemann's specimens are. proliferous at the
apex.

6. D. alata, Smith ; st. of barren fr. 2-6 in. 1., densely furfuraceous, with 0-1
node; barren fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-8 in. br., with 8-10 pinnce on each side, the
central ones short-stalked, 3-5 in. 1., f in. br., the apex acuminate or cuspidate,
serrated, the base rounded, the lowest pair distant and much reduced ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachis and midrib beneath furfuraceous, the former distinctly
winged in the upper half ; veins conspicuous, usually simple ; fertile fr. on a
longer st., the pinnse stalked more distinctly, 1-3 in. 1., acute or obtuse, 3-4 lin.
br.—Plum. t. 109. Hk. $ Gr. t. 18.

Hab. West Indies.

7. D. Augustii, Karst. ; st. of barren fr. 3-4 in. 1., slender, naked, with 1-2
nodes ; barren fr. about 1 ft. 1., 6-8 in. br., with 4-5 pinnce on each side, which
are 3-4 in. 1., ^-f in. hr., the upper ones sessile, the lowest stalked and slightly
reduced, all narrowed to the base, the upper part inciso-crenate ; texture herba-
ceous ; colour dark-green ; veins not very close, usually once forked ; rachis
naked, slightly winged upwards ; fertile pinnce similar. — Sturm in Mart. Fl.
Bras.fasc. 23. p. 159.

Hab. Venezuela, Karsten.

8. D. Moritziana, Presl ; st. of barren fr. 8-12 in. 1., slightly furfuraceous,
with 1-2 nodes ; barren fr. 12-18 in. 1., 6-10 in. br., with 10-12 pinnce on each
side, all sessile or nearly so, 3-5 in. 1., ^-1 in. br., the apex acuminate or cus-
pidate, sharply toothed, the base cuneate, the lowest pair not distant or reduced ;
texture subcoriaceous ; veins close, mostly once forked ; rachis nearly naked,
slightly winged towards the apex; fertile pinnce l|-2 in. 1., J in. br. — Presl,
Suppl. 6. p. 35.

Hab. Columbia to Peru. — Midway between alata and elliptica.

9. D. stenophylla, Kze. ; st. of barren fr. about 1 ft. L, naked, with 2-8 nodes ;
barren fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 6-10 in. br., with 12-15 pairs of pinnce, the upper sessile,

444 72. KAULFUSSIA. 73. OPHIOGLOSSUM.

the central ones short- stalked, 4-5 in. 1., ^ in. br., the apex sharply toothed, the
base rounded, the lowest shorter ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins mostly simple ;
rachis furfuraceous, slightly margined towards the apex ; fertile pinnae distinctly
stalked, 2-4 in. 1., 2-3 iin. br. — Kze. t. 28. Heterodanaea,' Presl.

Hab. Guadeloupe, L ' fferminier. — Our description is taken from an authentic specimen
communicated by M. Fe"e. Moore gives the Mexican D. cuspidata, Liebm., with which
we are not acquainted, as probably the same.

10. D. elliptica, Sm. ; st. about 1 ft. 1., nearly naked, with 2-5 nodes ; barren
fr. l|-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., with 6-9 pairs of pinnce, the upper sessile, 4-6 in. 1.,

1-1 2 in. br., the apex acuminate, entire or slightly toothed, the base cuneate or
slightly rounded, the lowest stalked, not reduced ; texture subcoriaceous ; veins
fine and close ; rachis naked, slightly winged at the top ; fertile pinnce similar,
but narrower and more distinctly stalked. — Hk. & Gr. t. 51. D. geniculata,
Raddi, t. 5.

Hab. West Indies to South Brazil. — The commonest species. D. Sdlowiana, Presl, is
probably a nodeless variety.

11. D. nodosa, Sm. ; st. 1^-2 in. 1., strong, erect, nodose ; barren fr. 3-4 ft. 1.,
1^-2 ft. br., with 10-15 pairs of pinnce, the upper ones sessile, the lower ones
short-stalked, not reduced, 6-12 in. 1., 1-2 in. br., the apex acuminate, the edge
entire or subrepand, the base cuneate or slightly rounded ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis naked, the upper part slightly winged ; veins fine, close, simple or once
forked ; fertile pinnce 4-6 in. 1., f-1 in. \)i\—Plum. t. 108. Hk. 8? Gr. t. 51.

Hab. Cuba and Mexico to Brazil. — D. dubia, Presl, and D. lonyifolia, Desv. (figured
by Sturm in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. 2. 3. t. 11), are probably nodeless varieties. Presl and
Sturm make two sections of the genus, characterized by the absence or presence of those
nodular swellings of the stem, but the character seems to be a very unsafe one. The
genus Danceopsis of Presl is founded upon a pinna figured by Raddi (Fil. Bras. t. 5) with
irregular anastomosing venation, under the name of D. paleacea.

GEN. 72. KAULFUSSIA, Blame.

Caps, sessile, 10-15, quite concrete in raised circular masses, which are hollow
in the centre, with the oblong apertures on the inner face. TAB. IX. fig. 72.

1. K. cesculifolia, Blume ; st. 12-18 in. 1., herbaceous, auricled at the base ;
fr. ternate or quinato-digitate, the central pinna the largest, oblong-spathulate,
6-12 ill. 1., 3-4 in. br., the edge subentire, the others similar but smaller, often
unequal-sided or lobed ; texture fleshy-herbaceous ; main veins pinnate, with
copious immersed areolse, with free included veinlets between them ; sori
copious, scattered. — Hk. & Gr. t. 229. K. assamica, Griff.

Hab. Assam, Philippines, and Malay Isles. — A curious plant, with a frond like a
chesnut-leaf, and the under surface dotted over with copious stomata-like pores. De
Viiese makes four species.

SUB-ORD. VI. OPHIOGLOSSACE.E.

Caps, deeply two-valved, opening down the side nearly to the base, without a
ring. Vernation erect. Gen. 73-75.

GEN. 73. OPHIOGLOSSUM, L.

Caps, sessile, arranged in two rows so as to form a narrow close spike. TAB. IX.
n,;. 73.

73. OPH1OGLOSSUM, § EUOPHIOGLOSSUM. 445

§ Euophioglossum. Fertile spike single, arising from the base of the barren
segment. Sp. 1-6.

1. 0. lusitanicum, L. ; rootstock slightly tuberous; fr. 1-3 in. ]., the sterile
division placed below the centre, ^-1 in. 1., i^-2 lin. br., linear-lanceolate, the point
bluntish, the base narrowed ; texture thick, no midrib, and the veins indistinct ;
fertile spike \-\ in. 1., the peduncle firm, \-\\ in. 1. when mature. — Hk.B. F.
t. 47. O. azoricum, Presl.

Hab. Shores of the Mediterranean, and as far north as Guernsey, Azores, Madeira,
Guinea Coast. — The European plant is developed in winter, whilst in Britain 0. md-
gatum is not mature till June. 0. gramineum, Willd., from North and Peninsular India,
is probably identical, and the same may be said of the Australian and New Zealand
0. gramineum, R. Br. The New Zealand 0. minimum, Colenso. is not more than 1 in.
high, with the barren segment 3 lin. 1. by half as broad ; and three closely-allied forms
have been gathered by Dr. Welwitsch in Angola, — 0. gomesianum, Welw., 1-14 in« !•»
barren segm. near the base, ^-| in 1.,^ lin. br. ; 0. luso-africanum, \\elw., 4 in. J., barren
segm. central, 1^ in. 1., 2 lin. br. ; and 0. gracillimum, Welw., 1^ in. L, barren segm.
central, truly liuear, acute, 1 in. or less 1., under 1 lin. br.

2. 0. rubellum, Welw. MSS. ; rootstock slightly tuberous ; fr. 1-2 in. 1., the
sterile division placed very near the base, roundish, £ in. each way, without a
haft, often adpressed to the surface of the ground, thick in texture, the veining
hidden ; fertile spike j-§ in. 1., the reddish peduncle ^-1 in. 1. when fully
matured.

Hab. Pungo Andongo, Angola, 2,400-3,800 ft. ; Welwitsch 33.— Most like 0. bulbosum
but smaller, with the barren segment sub-basal.

3. 0. bulbositm, Michx. ; rootstock tuberous, |-f in. thick ; fr. 2-4 in. 1., the
sterile division placed considerably below the middle, ^-1 in. 1., \ in. br., ovate,
without a haft ; texture stouter than in 0. mdgatum, the midrib and veining
quite indistinct ; fertile spike \-\ in. L, the peduncle 1^-2 in. when fully
developed.. — O. crotalophoroides, Walt. O. tuberosum, Hk. fy A. 0. opacuni,
R. Br. Hk. & Gr. t. 50.

Hab. Louisiana and Florida to Chili and Tristan d'Acunha ; and a Malay specimen
from Prof. De Vriese agrees with the American plant.

4. 0. nudicaule, L. fil. ; rootstock slightly tuberous ; fr. 2-4 in. 1., the sterile
division placed not far from the base, \-\\ in. 1., J-J in. br., ovate or oblong,
without a haft or with only a slight one, the texture thin but the veins not
distinct ; fertile spike % in. 1., the peduncle often 2-3 in. L, very slender. —
Swartz, Synop. t. 4. /. 2. KM. t. 29. fig. 29. t. 3. b. O. parvifolium, HTc?& Gr.
Beddome, t.fl.

Hab. America from the Southern United States southward to Brazil ; New Caledonia,
Malaccas, Peninsular India, Guinea Coast, Angola. — Whether thia be the original nudi-
caule is not quite clear, but it is the plant figured under that name by Swartz and Kunze.
To the type belong 0. ypanemense, Mart. t. 73, 0. surinamense, Reich., and O.flavicaule,
Klotzsch, and probably 0. moluccanum, Schlecht. Kunze's fig. a, 0. Wightii, Hk. & Gr.,
and 0, ellipticum, Hk. & Gr. t. 40, are larger in size, with the sterile segment as thin
and the venation as plain as in reticulatum, 2 in. or more 1., f-f in. br., and the stem
longer. 0. macrorhizum, Kze. t. 29. fig. 1 (from Guiana and Brazil), is a much-reduced
variety, not more than l£-2 in. high, with the sterile division not more than ^ in. 1.,
5 in. br. The Sandwich Island 0. concinnum, Brack, t. 44, is most like this, but the
barren segment is farther from the base of the stem ; and this also appears to be the
case with the Chilian 0. melipillense, Remy.

5. 0. vulgatum, L. ; rootstock not tuberous ; fr. 6-9 in. L, the sterile division
generally placed about the middle, 2-4 in. L, |-2 in. br., ovate or ovate-oblong

446 73. OPHIOGLOSSUM, §§ OPI1IODEIIMA, §§§ CI1EIROGLOSSA.

without a distinct haft ; texture stouter than in the others, the midrib usually
indistinct ; fertile spike 1 in. or more 1., upon a peduncle 2-4 in. 1., and con-
siderably overtopping the sterile division when the plant is fully mature. —
Hk. B. F. t. 46.

Hab. Lapland to Japan and the Himalayas ; Azores, Guinea Coast, Angola, St. Helena,
Abyssinia, Cape Colony, Mascaren Isles, Australia, New Zealand, Sandwich Isles, Tem-
perate North America. — From the type 0. coriaceum, Hk., 0. elonyatum, R. Cunning, and
0. overturn, Bory, scarcely diverge at all. The Cape plant (0. capense, Schlecht.) has some-
times, but not always, a more distinctly-marked midrib than the European one. The
Azorean 0. polypliyllum, A. Br., is a small form with often several fronds from the same
root. 0. costatum, R. Br. (Hk. fil. Fl. Tasm. t. 169), is also smaller, with the midrib
sometimes clearly marked. There is a tropical variety (0. pedunculosum, Desv., Kze.
p. 58. t. 29 ; 0. petiolatum, Hk. Ex. F. t. 56, and Blume) which occurs in Peninsular
India, Java, and Guiana, with the barren division like that of the type in form and size, but
thinner in texture, and with a distinct haft, which is not clearly separable from the large
forms of 0. nudicaule ; and near to this come 0. brevipes, Beddome, t. 72, from the Neil-
gherries, with a stem under 1 in. 1., a peduncle 5-6 in. 1., very distinct areolation and
copious free veinlets ; and the Angolan and Guinean 0. aphrodisiacum, Welw. MSS.,
with a bulbous rootstock ^-f in. thick, and a distinct flattened midrib extending nearly
to the apex of the sterile segment.

6. 0. reticidatum, L. ; rootstock not tuberous ; Jr. 6-12 in. 1., the sterile division
placed about the middle, 2-3 in. 1., 1^-2 in. br., with a distinct haft and dis-
tinctly cordate basal lobes, the point blunt or subacute ; texture thin, the veins
distinct, usually no midrib ; fertile spike 1 in. or more 1., on a slender peduncle
2-4 in. 1., much overtopping the sterile segment. — Hk. & Or. t. 20. Beddome,
t. 70.

Hab. Tropical America, from Cuba to Peru and South Brazil ; Polynesian, Malayan,
and Philippine Isles ; East India, as far north as the Himalayas, Guinea Coast, Angola,
Zambesi-land, Mascaren Isles, Cape Colony. — To this appear to belong 0. cordifolium,
Roxb., 0. Cumingianum and peruvianum, Presl, and probably 0. cognatum, Presl, is a
form with a rudimentary midrib.

§S Ophioderma, Endl. Fertile spikes usually single, arising from the centre of
the barren segment. Sp. 7-8.

7. O. (Ophiod.) intermedium, Hk. ; fr. erect, 6-8 in. 1., the flattened stem
passing gradually into the leafy part, which is § in. br. not far from the point ;
texture fleshy ; veins indistinct ; fertile spike If in. 1., erect, on a peduncle which
about equals it and just reaches to the point of the barren segment. — Hk. Ic.
t. 995.

Hab. Borneo, T. Lobb.
*

8. O. (Opjiiod.) pendulum, L. ; fr. pendulous, ribbon-like, without a distinct
stem, 1-15 ft. 1., 1-3 in. br., simple or forked ; texture fleshy ; no midrib, and the
veining not distinct ; fertile spike usually low down, 2-6 in. 1., on a peduncle
shorter than itself, usually solitary.— Hk. '& Gr. t. 19. G. F. t. 33.

Hab. Polynesian Isles to N. S. Wales, Assam, Malaccas, Philippines, Ceylon, and
Mascareu Isles.

§§§ Cheiroglossa, Presl. Fertile spikes numerous, arising from the base of the
barren segment. Sp. 9.

9. 0. (Cheir.) patmatum, L. ; st. 6-12 in. 1., fleshy, flaccid ; fr. like the letter
V, 6-12 in. 1., 4-8 in. br., more or less cut from the circumference towards the
centre into deep blunt lobes ; texture fleshy ; fertile spikes 2-12 in number, 1-2
in. 1., arising from the stem or edge of the lower part of the frond, on short
nodding or spreading peduncles.

Hab. Cuba to South Brazil ; and it has been gathered also in Bourbon.

74. HELMINTHOSTACHYS. 75. BOTRYCIIIUM. 447

§§§§ Rhizoglossum, Presl. Fertile and barren fronds distinct.
Sp. 10.

10. 0. (Rhiz.) Bergianum, Schlecht ; rhizome slightly tuberous, one bearing—
several fronds of both kinds, the barren ones ^-1 lin. 1., \ in. br., linear, fleshy,
the fertile spike slender, £ in. 1., on a slender peduncle 1-1 1 in. 1. — Hk. Ic. t. 263.

Hab. Cape Colony, rare.— A very delicate and distinct little plant.

GEN. 74. HELMINTHOSTACHYS, Kaulf.

Caps, in small crested clusters which form a long loose spike. TAB. IX.
fig. 74.

1. H. zeylanica, Hk. ; rhizome thick, fleshy, creeping ; st. often 1 ft. 1. ; barren
segm. palinato-pinnate, often in three principal divisions, which are stalked and
again forked or pinnate, the ult. divisions linear-oblong, 3-4 in. 1., |-1 in. br.,
the apex acuminate ; the edge slightly toothed ; texture subcoriaceous ; fertile
spike solitary, arising from the base of the barren segm., 3-4 in. 1., \ in. br., the
firm peduncle about as long as itself.— //£. 2nd Cent. t. 94. G. F. t. 28.
Beddome, t. 69. Osmunda, L. H. dulcis, Klf.

Hab. Himalayas, Cochin and Philippines to Ceylon, New Caledonia, and Queensland.
— Presl makes three species, and published the plant from, Mexico by mistake under the
name of Botryopteris mexicana,

GEN. 7«*>. BOTRYCHIUM, Sw.

Caps, sessile, arranged in two rows on the face of spikes which form a
compound panicle. TAB. IX. fig. 75.

* Texture thick. Sp. 1-4.

1. B. simplex, Hitch. ; st. slender, 1-4 in. 1. ; sterile segm. short-stalked,
J-l^ in. 1., £-J in. br., ovate or oblong-lanceolate, cut down to a flattened rachis
into 1-3 oblong or obovate pinnae on each- side, which are toothed or pinnatifid,
with usually their own breadth between them ; panicle elongated, i-l£ in. 1.,
with a few distant branches, the lowest sometimes branched again, the peduncle
about as long as itself. — Hk. <fy Gr. t. 82. B. Kannenbergii, Klins.

Hab. United States and British North America ; North Europe.

2. B. rutaceum, S\v. ; st. stout, 1-4 in. 1. ; sterile segm. sessile, 1-2 in. 1., ovate-
deltoid, broadest at the base, cut down to a flattened rachis into several close
obovate-rhomboidal pinnce on each side, the lower ones deeply pinnatifid ; fertile
peduncle equalling the sterile segm. when mature ; panicle close, 1-2 in. 1., lan-
ceolate-deltoid, bipinnate. — Newm. Phyt. 5. p. 133. B. matricarisefolium, A. Br.
Koch. — /3, B. lanceolatum, Angst. ; st. more slender ; pinnce linear-lanceolate,
with a space between them, the lower ones sharply toothed, panicle smaller. —
B. palmatum, Presl.

Hab. Scandinavia to Unalaschka ; (3 also in the United States. — Figures of tho two
varieties and all the other European forms will be found in a paper by Milde in vol. 26.
pt. 2. of the Nova Acta N. C. Swartz seems to have confused this with the small forma
of species 4. B. crassinervium and boreale, Milde, come very near to the typical form.

3. B. Lunaria, Sw. ; st. stout, 1-4 in. 1. ; sterile segm. sessile or nearly so,
1-3 in. 1., 7?-l in. br., not much broader at the base than the middle, cut down to
a flattened rachis into several distinct, close, entire, or notched cuneato-flabellate
pinnae on both sides ; fertile peduncle equalling or exceeding the sterile segm.

448 75. BOTBTCHICM.

when fully developed ; panicle close, 1-2 in. 1., lanceolate-deltoid, bipinnate. —
Hk. Br. F. t. 48.

Hab. Arctic Europe and Iceland to Spain, Italy, Kamschatka, and the Himalayas ;
South Australia, Tasmania, Patagonia, N. W. America, Greenland.

4. B. ternatum, Sw. ; st. 1-2 in. 1. ; petiole of the sterile segm. 2-4 in. 1., the
latter 3-6 in. each way, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnce much the
largest, and pinnl.fi the lower side larger than the others, oblong or subdeltoid,
stalked, the ult. envisions oblong or obovate, often j in. br., blunt or acute,
slightly toothed ; fertile peduncle 6-9 in. 1., considerably overtopping the sterile
segni. ; panicle 1-6 in. 1., deltoid, very compound. — Kunze, t. 121. Osmunda,
Thbg. Fl. Jap. f. 32.

Hab. Nootka and Hudson's Bay territory southward to New Granada, Australia,
Tasmania, New Zealand, Lapland, to Siberia, Japan, Pyrenees, and Hungary. — Of this
the European B. matricarioides, Willd. (B. rutcefolium, A. Br. & Koch), and the American
B. lunarioides, Sw. (A. Gray, Man. t. 13), appear to be smaller, and the Australian
B. australe, R. Br., and the American B. obliquum, Muhl, and B. decompositum, M. &G.,
larger and more divided forms. B. silaifolium, Presl, seems also to belong here. B, dis-
sectum, Muhl, is a curious form or variety, thinner in texture than the type, with the
ultimate divisions acute and sharply inciso-serrate, which occurs both in the United
States and New Zealand.

** Texture thinner. Sp. 5-0.

5. B. daucifolium, Wall. ; st. stout, 6-12 in. 1. ; petiole of sterile segm. 1-6 in. 1.,
the latter 6-12 in. each way, deltoid, tripinnatifid or tripinnate, the lower pinnce
much the largest ; segm. lanceolate -oblong, £-£ in. br., finely toothed ; fertile
peduncle about equalling the sterile segm. when mature ; panicle 2-4 in. 1.,
tripinnate, not very close.— Hk. & Gr. t. 161. B. subcarnosum, Wall. Moore,
Beddome, t. 78. B. subbifoliatum, Brack, t. 44.

Hab. Himalayas, Neilgherries, Ceylon, Japan, Java, Sandwich and Society Isles. —
Distinguished from the next by its much less finely- cut fronds and stalked sterile seg-
ment. The Polynesian and Japanese specimens are forked considerably lower down
than the Indian ones, and Brackenridge's plate represents a pair of barren segments to
the stem.

6. B. virginianum, Sw. ; st. 3-18 in. 1. ; sterile segm. sessile, 4-12 in. each way,
deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnce much the largest ; pinnl. ovate-oblong,
close, cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into finely cut linear-oblong segm. ;
both sides naked ; fertile peduncle equalling or overtopping the sterile segm.
when mature, arising from its base ; panicle 1-4 in. 1., lax, oblong, generally not
more than bipinnate.— #£. G. F. t. 29. B. cicutarium, Sw. B. anthemoides,
Presl. B. brachystachys, Kze. B. lanuginosum, Hk. 8? Gr. t. 79.— /3, B.
lanuginosum, Wall. ; surface slightly hairy, fertile peduncle arising from the
centre of the sterile segm., which the panicle scarcely overtops. — Beddome, t. 77.

Hab. Oregon and North United States to Ecuador and Brazil ; Norway to Austria,
the Himalayas, and Tsus-Sima ; /3, Himalayas (up to 6,000 ft.), Neilgherries, Ceylon.—
The leaf in cutting resembles that of Anthriscus syhestris.

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.

Page 9, line 26, for Dictyoxiphipium read Dictyoxiphium.

„ 12, §Mertensia=Mecosorus, Hassk. The former name is preoccupied by a

genus of Boraginacece.
„ „ species 7, glauca (Sw.), the oldest specific name.

„ 13, species 17. G.pallescens and rubiginosa, Mett. in Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 266,
are varieties of pubescens, as the species is here understood.

„ 19. Cyathea equestris appears to be a synonym of divergens.

C. hirtula, Mart., appears to be a form of vestita. The species is
distinguished by its ultimate segments not more than a line broad,
very hairy frond and rachises, and very fragile involucre.

C. Beyrichiana appears to be Alsophila setosa, Kaulf., and a Hemi-
telia, and therefore should be called H. setosa, Mett. MSS.

„ 25, species 46, for Mr. Lindsay read Mount Lindsay (in Queensland).
„ 27, species 27. The Australian plant is probably C. medullaris.
„ 29, species 9, Brazil, Burchett.

„ „ species 10, for Copensis read capensis.
„ „ second line from bottom, for A. read H.

30, species 14. H. Moricandiana, Kze. MSS., was previously published
by Presl (Die Gefass, p. 44) under the name of H. macrocarpa.

32, species 3. Two quite distinct plants are here confounded. That to
which the name and diagnosis quoted from Martius refer is tripinnate,
and probably identical with species 11. The other appears to be
undescribed, and may be characterized as follows : —

A. pubescens, Baker ; caud. 6-10 ft. high ; st. 15-18 in. 1., densely
pubescent, not muricated, clothed below with rigid ovate-acuminate
scales \fr. oblong-deltoid, bipinnate, 3 ft. 1., more than 1 ft. br. ; lower
pinnae 6-8 in. 1., 1 j in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into close
blunt lobes | in. br. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides densely
pubescent ; veinlets about 10 on a side, forked near the base ; sori at
the fork.

Hab. Peru, Lechkr 2190, Spruce 4712 ; New Granada, Purdie.

33. Species 8*. A. prcecincta, Kunze ; st. \\ ft. high, unarmed, glabrous,
dark-castaneous ; fr. subdeltoid, 4-5 ft"! 1., 3 ft. br., tripinnatifid ;
pinnce oblong-lanceolate, 1| ft, 1., 6-7 in. br., subequal below ; pinnl.
linear, 3-3^ in. 1., 9-10 lin. br., broadest at the base, cut down below
to a narrow wing, the point acuminate ; segm. linear-oblong, 2-2^
lin. br., subobtuse, nearly straight, the barren ones crenulate ; texture
papyraceo-herbaceous ; both sides quite naked ; veins 7-8 on each side

3 L

450 ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.

in a segment, simple or forked at the point, all soriferous ; sori sub-
marginal ; recept. naked.

Hab. Bahia, JBlancJiet. — General habit of Hemitelia, guianensis. Well
marked in the genus by its broad segments, subsimple veins, and nearly
marginal sori.

Page 33, species 10. Apparently the same as species 21, which is the original
Cyathea aculeata, Willd. Herb. Spreng. ; but annata is an older name.

„ 34, species 16. Omit the synonyms quoted from Klotzsch and Martius.
Probably this is identical with species 24, and it only differs from 23
by the frond being subglabrous.

„ 35, line 37, for arillare read axillare.

„ „ species 23, for Klf. read Kze., the plant of Kaulfuss, according to
Mettenius, being our species 16.

„ 40, species 43. A. Macarthurii, Hk. In consequence of Sir W. Hooker's
death, this sheet was in print nearly a year before it was issued, and
this plant was published by Dr. F. Mueller (Fragm. 5. p. 53) under
the name of A. Leichhardtiana, and by J. Smith (Brit, and For. Ferns,
p. 245) as A. Moorei. The former of the two has priority.

„ „ Species 45*. A. Robertsiana, F. Muell. ; caud. 6 ft. high ; fr. ample,
oblong-deltoid, quadripinnatifid ; lower pinnae oblong-lanceolate, 12-18
in. 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnl. linear, 2-3 in. 1., f in. br., cut down to a nar-
rowly-winged rachis into deeply-pinnatifid linear-oblong segm. \ in. br. ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces densely villose ; sori 1 to
each lower ult. lobe. — Fragm. 5. p. 54.

Hab. Queensland, Messrs. Dallachy & Hill. — Nearest A. Colensoi, the
segments the same size, but here deeply pinnatifid, the rachises of the pinnae
and pinnules without scales, and the whole plant more hairy.

A. Rebecca?, F. Muell. ; caud. slender, 8 ft. high ; fr. ample, bipin-
nate ; lower pinnae oblong-lanceolate, 12-15 in. 1., 4-5 in. br. ; pinnl.
20-30 on each side, the lower ones stalked, linear, 2-3 in. 1., f in. br.,
the apex acuminate, the upper part deeply, the lower less deeply inciso-
crenate, the base rounded on both sides, slightly auricled above ; texture
subcoriaceous ; rachises reddish-brown, slightly fibrillose, the main one
rough, with raised points ; upper surface naked, lower scattered over
with small membranous scales ; veins fine, 4-5 in a group ; sori prin-
cipally in 2 rows midway the midrib and edge.— Fraqm. 5. p. 53.
Hk. Ic. t. 1015.

Hab. Rockingham Bay, Messrs. Hill & Dallachy. — Very near A . podophylla,
but the veins few, and under surface with small scattered scales.

„ 47. Species 4*. Woodsia scopulina, Eaton ; st. tufted, not articulated, cas-
taneous at the base, stramineous upwards, 2-3 in. 1., the scales brown,
ovate-acuminate ; fr. lanceolate, bipinnate, 3-4 in. ]., 1-1£ in. br. ;
pinnae oblong-lanceolate, cut down to the rachis below into 6-10
narrow-oblong crenate pinnl. on each side ; texture herbaceous, the
whole plant pubescent and glandular ; inv. with both cup and cilia
almost hidden by the sorus. — Canad. Nat. April, 1865.
Hab. Rocky Mountains and British America.

W. oregana., Eaton, is our obtusa (3 Lyallii, but evidently a distinct
species, with the involucre of Euwoodsia, general habit of obtusa, but
smaller, and not so hairy. — Can. Nat. I. c.

Hab. Oregon and Rocky Mountains. — This and the preceding differ from
species 1-4 by their inarticulated stems.

„ „ Species 7 is DicJcsonia fragilis,Trev. (1816), Woodsia, Moore. See
Milde, Fil. Eur. p. 167.

ADDENDA ET CORKIGENDA.

451

Page 55. Deparia producta, Baker ; fr. ample, tripinnate ; pinnce broad-lan-
ceolate, 1^-2 ft. ]., 8-10 in. br. ; pinnl. 3-5 in. 1., f-1 in. br., cut donn
to the rachis, except at the apex, into subquadrangular deeply inciso-
pinnatifid segm. ; texture subcoriaceous ; rachis and both sides nearly: —
naked ; sori 6-8 to a segment, quite extramarginal but sessile. — Denn-
steedia, Mett. Fil Nov. Gran. p. 260.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig. —Closely allied to concinna, of which we have
received better specimens since the description at page 55 was drawn up, and
find to be subtripinnate. In that the segments are closer than in producta,
and only reach down below to the midrib of the pinnules, and are not at
all toothed.

Species 8*. H. microphyllum, Mett. ; st. under 1 in. 1., slender, naked ;
•. | in. 1., under \ in. br., ovate-deltoid, tripinnatind ; main rachis

58.

fr. ,

•winged nearly or quite down to the base ; pinnce crowded, the lower
ones deltoid, only the lowest pinnl. more than forked ; the segm. linear,
blunt, 1-1^ lin. 1. ; sori 6-12 to a frond, cut about half down, the lip
broad-oblong, entire, terminating the upper segments, the upper two-
thirds free.— Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 196.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig 245.

,, Species 8**. H. emersum, Baker ; st. 1 in. or less 1., slender, naked';
fr. 1-2 in. 1., |-1 in. br., ovate- deltoid, tripinnatind ; main rachis
winged down to the base ; pinnce close, the lowest deltoid ; pinnl.
simple, or the lowest forked or 3- cleft ; segm. blunt, \ lin. br., with a
space between them ; sori 6-8 to a pinna, terminal ; invol. round, quite
free and cut down to the base, the receptacle often protruded. — H. macro-
glossum, V. D. B.

Hab. Ceylon, 0. P. 3360 ; Mauritius, Lady BarUy. — Nearest rarum, but
erect and more compound, and the fruit different.

59, line 20, for 106 read 107.
61, line 31, for 109 read 104.

63. H. hirsutum, discovered by Dr. Meller in Madagascar
„ H. ciliatum, discovered by Capt. Bulger in Sikkim.

64, line 2, for 98 read 93.

„ line 13, for Capt. Carmichael read Dupetit Thouars.
„ species 38. H. subtilissimum, Kze., oldest name.

68. Species 55*. H. japonicum, Miquel ; st. hairy upwards, and narrowly
winged ; fr. oblong, bipinnatifid, 1^-1 1 in. 1., £-1 in. br. ; pinnce 3-5 on
each side, J-^ in. 1., erecto-patent, close, ovate-oblong, with broad short
close lobes, the upper simple, the lower ones bifid or trifid ; rachis and
veins hairy ; sori few, terminal ; invol. ovate, the lips toothed, hairy
when young. — Ann. Mus. Bat. vol. 3. p. 383.

Hab. Japan, Keiske & Buerger.

69. Species 63*. H. flaccidum, Baker ; st. lf-3 in. 1., wiry, naked ; fr. 4-6
in. 1., 1 in. br., lanceolate, bipinnate, the rachis distinctly winged
throughout ; pinnce deltoid ; pinnl. close, linear, strongly toothed, the
lowest sometimes forked ; sori 4-6 to the lower pinnae, terminal, quite
free, the valves serrulate, roundish, reaching down nearly to the base.
— Lept. V. D. B. Suppl. p. 65.

Hab. Khasi, Griffith, Hk. fit. & Thorns.— Very near H. Smithii, but the
fruit different.

90

452 ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.

Page 76. Species 26*. Trichomanes Armstrongii, Baker ; rhizome wide-creep-
ing ; st. very slender, naked, 2-8 lin. 1. \fr. -|-| in. L, irregular in general
outline, between pinnately and flabellately divided, the divisions few,
| lin. br., with only a midrib in each, and a distinct strongly ciliated
border similar to the midrib in texture ; sori 2-4 to a frond, terminal,
obconical, ciliated.

Hab. New Zealand, Armstrong. — Branching as in T. Powellii, scarcely
flabellate, tut the alliance for the rest entirely with the digitatum group, from
all the other species of which it may be known by its very distinct border.

„ 85, line 38, omit 2.

„ 89. Species 6 is Adiantum repens. Linn. Suppl. p. ±$Q=Davallia, Kuhn.
Fil. Deck. p. 27 ; but wre have a D. repens already (Sp. 27). It is also
a plant of Japan and Queensland.

'. Species 13 should be D. /i2/menoph^lla=Acrophoj:us hymenophyllus,
Parish, MSS. Beddome, Fil. Ind. t. 96.

„ 92, species 20. According to Moore, this is the original D. pulchra, Don ;
and if so, species 17 must be called D. pseudo-cystopteris, Kze. Pro-
bably they should both be regarded as varieties of one species.

„ 93. Species 36 should be called D. assamica=AcrophoT\is assamicus, Bed-
dome, Fil. Ind. t. 94, and should follow species 13.
Species 40 is Adiantum denticulatum,J3\iYm.FLl.nd.p.236=2)avama.

Mett. MSS.

„ 97. Species 47 *. D. Lorrainei, Hance ; general habit of bullata, but the
scales rigid, erect, dark-coloured, densely grey plumoso-ciliated. —
Ann. ISc. Nat. 5. ser. 5. p. 154.

Hab. Malaya.

„ 98. Species 54 is D. hirsuta, Sw. Syn. p. 131, which name, of [course, takes
precedence of ours.

„ „ Species 56 should be D. marginalis — Polypodium marginal,
Thunb.

„ 105, species 8. Synonyms L. crenulata and multifrondulosa, Fee, Gen. Fil.
t. 28.

„ 106, line 8, for 287 read 206-7.

„ „ Species 13*. L. parvula, Fe"e ; st, 6-8 in. L, smooth, stramineous ;
fr> about as long,b ipinnate when fully developed, with a few distant
spreading pinnae 2-3 in. L, fin. br. ; pinnl. close, not imbricated, under
J in. br., subrhomboidal, upper line slightly curved ; texture pellucid o-
herbaceous ; sori continuous, the outer valve protruded beyond the
inner one. — Fil. Ant. p. 17. t. 7.

Hab. Trinidad, Germain. — Near filiformis, but the rachis different, and
habit more erect.

„ 109, species 25. Probably one of the very curious abnormal forms of
Acrostichum sorbifolium,

„ 111, line 8, for 112 read 212.

„ 112, species 41. L. lanceolata, Lab., oldest name.

„ 114. Species 3*. Adiantum grossum, Mett. ; st. 4-9 in. 1., naked, ebeneous ;
fr. 12-18 in. 1., 3-3^ in. br., simply pinnate ; pinnce lj-lf in. br., f-lj
in. deep, broad-ovate, blunt, with a third of the lower half cut away,

ADDENDA ET CORRIDENDA. 453

the lower petioles £ in. 1. ; veins flabellate ; texture firmer than in species
3, the sori similar. — Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 114.
Hab. New Granada, Lindig 373.

Page 114. Species 4 proves to be A. Capillus-junonis, Ruprecht, and that name
must take precedence. See Dr. Hance's remarks in Seemann's Journ.
57. p. 261.

„ 118, line 7 from bottom, for 43 read 45.

„ 119, line 4 from bottom, for 28 read 8. •

„ 126, line 5, for 55 read 28.
line 17, for 29 read 28.

„ 131. Species 1*. Cheilanthes Lindigii, Mett. ; st. densely tufted, 1-4 in. 1.,
castaneous, naked ;fr. 4-8 in. 1., f-1 in. br., broadest about the middle,
narrowed gradually both ways ; pinnae close, deltoid, f-^ in. 1. by about
half as broad, deeply pinnatifid ; texture firm-herbaceous ; rachis and
both sides naked ; sori minute, copious.— Fil* Nov. Gran. p. 218.
Hab. New Granada, Lindig 257.

„ 132. Species 8*. C. propinqua, Mett. ; sf. 3-6 in. 1., firm, erect, naked, ebe-
neous \fr. 8-10 in. 1., 5-6 in. br., lanceolate-deltoid, tripinnatifid ; lower
pinnce the longest, 3-4 in. 1., 1 in. br., lanceolate ; pinnl. lanceolate,
blunt, cut down to the rachis in the lower part into oblong obtuse
entire segm. ; texture firm-herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ;
sori copious. — Fil. Nov. Gran. p. 219.

Hab. New Granada, Lindig 93.

„ 137. Species 28*. C. Kuhnii, Milde ; rhizome suboblique, the scales broad-
ovate ; st. l|-2^ in. 1., naked, castaneous ; fr. 3|-6 in. 1., l£-lf in. br.,
oblong-lanceolate, bipinnatifid ; pinnae lax, the central ones ovate-
oblong, obtuse, the lowest remote and rather reduced ; pinnl. oblong,
cut down to a narrow wing, those of the lower side not larger than the
others ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides finely glandular.—
Fil. Eur. p. 35.

Hab. China, Fischer. — Smaller and less divided than (7. subvillosa, and the
pubescence glandular.

„ 141. Species 50*. C.aurea, Baker; st. tufted, 2-3 in. l.,deep chesnut-brown,
glossy, densely clothed towards the base with large ovate-acuminate
reddish-brown scales ; fr. 3-4 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., subdeltoid, tri-quadri-
pinnatifid ; pinnce deltoid, the lowest much the largest, with the pinnl.
on the lower side nearly 1 in. 1., cut down to the rachis into roundish
or pinnatifid segm. ; texture herbaceous ; rachis castaneous and pow-
dery ; under side densely coated with bright-yellow powder ; invol.
broad, membranous, yellow.

Hab. Guatemala, Salvin & Godman.

„ 142, line 17, for 97 read 76.

„ 145. Species 4 should be P. Stelleri=Pteris Stelkri, Gmel., and Siberia
added to its localities.

„ 152, species 38, Pteris viridis, Forsk. Fl. ^Egypt. p. 186, oldest name.

„ 163. Species 41*. P. acclivis, Mett. ; rhizome wide-creeping ; st. 6-9 in. 1.,
firm, erect, naked ; fr. ample, deltoid, tripinnate ; pinnce lanceolate,
the lower ones sometimes 1 ft. 1., 4-6 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate, 2-3 in. L,
|-| in. br., cut down to the rachis into lanceolate or oblong entire or

454 ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.

slightly toothed hlunt or acute segm. ; rachis often flexuose, naked like
both surfaces ; texture subcoriaceous ; wool, double.— FiL Hort. Lips,
p. 59.

Hab. Columbia and Guiana. — Habit like that of P. viscosa, but not at all
glandular.

Page 165, line 8, for 120 read 177.

„ 166, last line but one, for Syn. read Sp.

„ 196. Species 37*. A. Newmanni, C. Bolle, from the Cape Verdes, regarded
as distinct both by Mettenius and Milde, is said to differ from Tricho-
manes by its conspicuously ribbed rachis, pinnae sessile from abroad
base, with a few ad pressed linear and fibrillose scales on the under
surface, and broader scales destitute of a spurious nerve. — Vide Milde,
FiL Eur. p. 69.

„ 198, line 6 from bottom, for Siebold read Leybold.

„ 200, species 56, discovered by Rev. T. Powell in Samoa.

„ 203, species 67. In " 2nd Cent. Ferns " this is figured under the name of
lugubre, but fuliginosum has priority.

„ 208, line 9 from bottom, for 198 read 162.

„ 213. Species 118*. A. lepidum, Presl, is said by Milde, Fil. Eur. p. 81,
to differ from fissum by its fimbriated, not crenate, involucre, and
thinner and glandular, not ebeneous, stem ; and he considers it a distinct
species.

Hab. Italy.

„ 214. Species 122. The Japan plant should probably go with sepulc rale.

„ 217, line 7, for 178 read 190.

„ 222, line 6 from bottom, for 205 read 209.

„ 224. Species 177 should be called A. crenatum, Ruprecht.

„ 225, species 178, for Baker read Miquel (Ann. Mus. Bat. 3. p. 174).

„ 227, line 30, for 227 read 222.

„ 232. Species 214*. A. nicotiancefolium, Mett., has pinnae twice as broad as
injtawseen*, and is no doubt distinct. A. caucense, Karst., has more
distant veins; thinner texture, and pinnae slightly toothed, and is most
likely also a distinct species.

„ 247, species 2, add Algeria to the localities, on the authority of Mrs.
Lyell.

„ 262. Species 19*. Nephrodium (Last.) incequilaterale, Baker ; caud. tufted ? ;
st. 4-8 ft. 1., including the frond, firm, erect, naked, glossy ; lower pinnae
6-8 in. 1., 1 in. br., cut down three-quarters to the rachis into close
falcate lobes \ in. br., those of the lower side of the pinnae shorter than
those of the upper, and more oblique, especially towards the base ; tex-
ture firm-herbaceous ; rachis and both surfaces naked ; veinlets 12-18
on a side ; sori near the midrib.
Hab. Fiji, Milne; Samoa, Powell.

„ 263, species 25. Dr. Kulm points out the identity of this with Aspidium
cirrhosum, Schum. & Thonn. Besk. Guin. p. 457.

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. 455

Page 278, species 105, forChinense read subtripinnatum= Aspidium, Miquel. Ann.
Mus. Bat. 3. p. 179.

„ 305, species 7. Specimens just received from Dr. Thwaites show this ta be. __

a Nephrodium.

„ 310, species 37, for platyphyllum, Hk., read polystichoides, Klotzsch, the
former name being preoccupied (page 359).

„ 307. Species 22*. Polypodium (Pheg.) Fischerianum, Baker ; st. 1 ft. ].,
nearly naked ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1., 1 ft. br., oblong-deltoid, bipinnatifid ;
lower pinnae 6-7 in. 1., If in. br., cut down nearly to the rachis into
blunt oblong slightly falcate lobes 4-5 lin. br., lowest pinnae reduced ;
texture herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; lower veins forked
or subpinnate ; sori medial. — Alsophila Fischeriana, Regel MSS.

Hab. Brazil. — Received at Kew from the Imperial Gardens at
St. Petersburg.

„ 315. Species 66*. P. (Goniop.) mascarense, Baker; st. 6-8 in. 1., green,
naked ; fr. subdeltoid, 9 in. 1., 6 in. br., with a lanceolate terminal
pinna 1 in. br. below, with rounded lobes reaching one-quarter down,
and 6 similar but rather narrower pairs, the apex acuminate, the lower
part narrowed ; texture herbaceous ; rachis and surfaces naked ; veins
4-5 on a side ; sori near the main veins.

Hab. Ampassimba, Madagascar, Mrs. Higginson ; received from Lady
Barkly.

„ 319. Species 90*. P. (Dicty.) nicotiancefolium. Baker; rhizome creeping ;
st. about 1 ft. 1., brown, deeply sulcate, clothed throughout with linear
brown scales ; fr. 1^-2 ft. 1. by about half as broad, oblong-deltoid, with
an oblong-lanceolate terminal lobe 3-4 in. br., and 3-4 similar but
smaller ones on each side, which reach down nearly to the rachis, the
lowest the smallest ; texture papyraceous ; surfaces naked ; main veins
distinct nearly to the edge ; the transverse veins not so distinct as in
species 90 and more wavy, with copious intermediate square areolse
with abundant free veinlets ; sori scattered.

Hab. Mount Chimborazo, Spruce 5723 ; Chontales, Seemann.
,, 320, species 98. Discovered in Ceylon by Dr. Thwaites.

„ 331, species 170, for Lobbianum, Hk., read pediculatum, Baker, as the former
name occurs again at p. 362.

„ 332-4. According to Dr. Miquel, P. papittosum and venulosum are given as
Japanese in error.

INDEX.

[Genera and Subgenera in SMALL CAPITALS, accepted Species in Italics.]

ABAC3PTERIS, S66 NEPHRO-
DIUM and POLYPODIUM.

ACONIOPTERIS, see ACROSTI-

CHUM.

ACROPHORUS, see DAVALLIA.

ACROSTICHUM.

acrocarpon, 408
acuminatum, 414
semulum, 401
alatum, 401
alienum, 419
alismsefolium, 403
alpestre, 405
andicola, 403
apiifolium, 413
apodum, 407
appendiculatum, 415
argutum, 419
articulatum, 413
Aubertii, 406
auricomum, 410
auricomum, 4C9
aureo-nitens, 421
aureum, 423
auritum, 410
axil-tare, 420
barbarum, 427
barbatum, 407
Bdlermanianum, 410
bicuspe, 421
bifurcatum, 413
Blarichetii, 403
JBlumeanum, 423
Boryanum, 407
brachyneuron, 402
BurcheUii, 401
Coenopteris, 417
Calaguala, 405
callsefolium, 403
canaliculatum, 415
cardiophyllum, 404
caudatum, 400
caudatum, 414

ACROSTICHUM (continued}.
caulolepia, 410
cervinum, 416
cicutarium, 417
ciliatum, 406
cinnamomeum, 409
conforme, 401
coiitaminans, 420
corcovadense, 411
costatum, 420
crinitum, 421
Cumingii, 407
curvans, 406
cuspidatum, 411
cylindricum, 415
decoratum, 404
decurrens, 403
decurrens, 407,417, 418
deorsum, 410
didynanum, 401
dimorphum, 406
dissimile, 406
Dombeyanum, 409
drynarioides, 424
durum, 400
elongatum, 410
Engelii, 409
erinaceum, 407
eximium, 405
falcatum, 406
Feei, 404
feejeense, 401
flabdlatum, 415
flaccidum, 401
flagelliferum, 418
fiuviatile, 422
fceniculaceum, 416
fractiseriale, 414
fulvum, 409
Funckii, 403
gaboonense, 417
Gardnerianum, 405
Gayanum, 401
glabellum, 400
gorgoneum, 416
3 M

ACROSTICHUM (continued}.
Hamiltonianum, 415
Jfarlandii, 418
Hartwegii, 408
Helfeiianum, 415
Herminieri, 402
heteroclitum, 418
heterolepis, 411
heteromorphum, 405
Heudelotii, 422
hilocarpum, 418
Huacsaro, 405
Huacsaro, 408
humile, 404
hybridum, 403
Hystrix, 407
impressum, 401
integrifolium, 421
Karstenianum, 401, 406
Klotzschii, 406
lanceolatum, 420
Langsdorffii, 410
latifolium, 403
latifolium, 403
laurifolium, 401
Lechleri, 401
Lechlerianum, 415
lepidotum, 409
Lepervanchii, 401
leptophylhim, 400
Lindbergii, 403
Lindigii, 411
Lindigii, 423
lAndeni, 404
lineare, 406
Lingua, 402
Linnceanum, 417
License, 405
longifolium, 403
luridum, 402
marginatum, 401
martinicense, 400
Mattkewsii, 408
melanopus, 403
melanostictum, 401

458

INDEX.

ACROSTICHUM (continued).
meridense, 410
Meyerianum, 413
minus, 420
luinutum, 401
muscosum, 410
muscosuin, 409
nicotiancefolium, 419
nigrescens, 400
nitidurn, 400
nivosum, 410
normale, 420
JViwrwu, 401
obductum, 410
obtusatura, 408
obtusifolium, 401, 404
oligarchicum, 418
osmundaceum, 415
ovatum, 404
ovatum, 408
oxyphyllura, 401
pachyphyllum, 421
pallidum, 401
palustre, 402
pandurifolium, 422
peltatum, 416
perelegans, 411
pilosum, 406
piloselloides, 408
platyrhynchos, 424
plumbicaule, 413
plumosura, 41 1
Plumieri, 409
polyphyllum, 424
polylepis, 410
prcestantissimum, 423
Preslianum, 420
Preslianum, 406
procurrens, 408
proliferum, 420
pteroides, 424
pubens, 414
punctulatum, 401
pinctulatum, 419
quercijolium, 418
Quoyanum, 419
Raddianum, 423
Raddianum, 408
repandum, 419
Requienianum, 423
reticulatum, 426
ri-gidum, 424
rubiginosum, 410
rufescens, 409
Ruizianum, 405
rupestre, 410
salicinum, 422
samoense, 407
Sartorii, 403
scalpellum, 403
Bcandens, 402
Schiedei, 410
Schlimense, 402

ACROSTICHUM (continued).

ADIANTUM.

Schomburgkii, 402, 403

cethiopicum, 123

scolopendrifolium, 407

0$M6, 117

semicor datum, 422

affine, 117

serratifolium, 423

alarconianum, 122

setosum, 409

amoenum, 126

Sieberi, 403

angustatum, 126

simplex, 400

asarifolium, 114

simplex, 424

assimile, 123

spatkulatum, 408

betulinum, 116

spicatum, 424

brasiliense, 121

squamipes, 404

calcareum, 115

squamosum, 410

cantoniense, 114

squamosum, 411

Capillus-Junonis, 452

squarrosum, 405

Capillus-Veneris, 123

stenopteris, 402

cardiochlsena, 118

stigmatolepis, 406

Catherinse, 118

stramineum, 403

caudatum, 115

strictum, 409

cayennease, 121

subdiaph'inum, 416

chilense, 123

subrepandum, 419

colpodes, 124

subpinnatifidum, 419

concinnum, 123

succisscefolium, 408

crenatum, 120

tacccefolium, 418

cristatum, 117

tambillense, 400

cristatum, 118

tectum, 410

cubense, 119

terminans, 420

cultratum, 118

tomentosum, 411

cuneatum, 124

Tovarense, 403

Cunninghami, 117

tricuspe, 422

deflectens, 114

trilobatum, 418

deltoideum, 121

tri parti turn, 416

denticulatum, 115

truncicola, 410

diaphanum, 117

undulatum, 409

digitatum, 125

unitum, 401

dilatatum, 123

vagans, 401

dolabriforme, 114

validinervis, 424

dolosum, 127

vanabile, 417

Edgeworthii, 115

venustum, 406

eiuarginatura, 123

vestitum, 409

eoccisum, 123

villosum, 408

falcatum, 122

vittosum, 409

Farleyense, 124

wrens, 420

.Feei, 125

viscosum, 406

filiforme, 114

Vulcani, 403

flabellatum, 126

Wageneri, 411

flexuosum, 125

Webbii, 407

formosum, 119

Wilkesianum, 413

fovearum, 116

Wilkesianum, 424

fragile, 124

Wrightii, 401

fz-uctuosum, 120

xanthoneuron, 406

fulvum, 120

Galcottianum, 116

ACTINIOPTERIS.

glanduliferum, 123

australis, 246
radiata, 246

glaucescens, 118
glaucophyllum, 124
gracile, 119

ACTINOSTACHYS, seeScHiz^A.

grossum, 452
flenslovianum, 118

ADENOPHORUS, see POLTPO-

DIUM.

ffeioardia, 127
hirtum, 1 1 9

hispidulum, 126

ADIANTOPSIS, see CHEILAN-

huraile, 126

THES.

incisum, 122

INDEX.

459

ADIANTUM (continued),
intermedium, 116
Kaulfussii, 115
Kunzeanum, 118
Kunzei, 119
Leprieurii, 127
Lindeni, 120
Lindsaea, 126
Lobbianum, 120
lucidum, 121
lunulatum, 114
macrocladum, 118
macrophyllum, 121
Matthewsianum, 118
microphyllum, 122
microphyllum, 125
monochlamys, 125
nigrescens, 117
obliquum, 115
obtumm, 119
olivaceumt 127
Parishii, 114
s, 126

, 120

pedatum, 125
pentadactylon, 118
peruvianum, 116
pbilippense, 114
Phyllitidis, 121
platyphyllum, 121
poly phy Hum, 118
politum, 120
prionophyllum, 120
pseudo-capillus, 123
pubescens, 126
pulchellum, 120
pulverulentum, 122
py ram i dale, 122
Keichenbachii, 118
reni forme, 114
rhizophorum, 115
scabrum, 123
Seemannii, 121
st'ssilifolium, 118
setulosum, 117
Skepherdi, 116
sinvosum, 116
soboliferum, 115
speciosum, 125
subcordatum, 116
subscandens, 123
sulpbureum, 123
tenerum, 124
tetragonum, 126
tetraphyllum, 120
tomentosum, 118
trapeziforme, 118
tremulum, 114
triangulatum, 116
uropbyllum, 118
Veitchii, 125
velutinum, 120
venuslum, 125

ADIANTUM (continued).

ALSOPHILA (continued).

villosum, 122

marginalis, 32

Wilesianum, 120

melanopus, 37

Wilsoni, 127

mexicana. 38

AGLAOMORPHA, see POLY-
PODIUM.

microphylla, 36
Miersii, 32

Moorei, 450

ALEURITOPTERIS, see CHEI-

myosuroides, 38

LANTHES.

w?grra, 35

ALLANTODIA.

nitens, 34

australis, 229

novae-caledoniae, 39

Brunoniana, 246

oblonga, 30

umbrosa, 227

obtusiloba, 45

ALLOSORUS, see PELL^A.

paleolata, 32
phalerata, 34

ALSOPHILA.

phegopteroides, 32

cethiopica, 44

plagiopteris, 35

afternans, 41

podophylla, 43

armata, 34

Poeppigii, 35

armata, 33, 450

prcecincta, 449

armigera, 33

procera, 33

aspera, 33

pruinata, 38

aterrima, 38

pubescens, 449

atrovirens, 34, 450

pungens, 33

australis, 40

pycnocarpa, 36

blechnoides, 32

radews, 35, 450

Brunouiana, 39

ramispina, 42

caudata, 42

JKebeccce, 450

celebica, 41

rigidula, 35

chimborazensis, 37

Robertsiana, 450

Colensoi, 40

sag itti folia, 37

comosa, 30

Salvinii, 36

comosa, 41

samoensis, 39

compta, 34

Sckiedeana, 33

conjugata, 37

SeUowiana, 32

contaminans, 41

senilis, 34

crenulata, 44

setosa, 449

crinita, 42

Sprucei^ 37

Currori, 44

squamata, 36

decurrens, 39

squamulata, 43

elegans, 32

subglandulosa, 44

elongata, 34

tahitensis, 40

excelsa, 40

tenera, 39

excelsa, 32

Tcenitis, 32

frigida, 38

tomentosa, 42

Gardneri, 33

tristisj 44

gibbosa, 34

truncata, 39

gigantea, 43

villosa, 35.

glabra, 43

Godmani, 36

AMELIA, see ASPIDIUM.

/itYta, 35

AMPELOPTERIS, see POLYPO-

Hookeriana, 33

DIUM.

Humboldtii, 35

AMPHIBLESTRA, see PTERIS.

infesta, 34
intermedia, 41

AMPHICOSMTA, see HEMI"

Jungbuhniana, 31, 41
latebrosa, 43

TELIA.

ANAPELTIS, see POLYPODIUM.

I/eicJihardtiana, 450

ANCHISTEA, see WOOD-

lepifera, 42

WARDIA.

leucolepis, 34

lunulata, 41

ANEMIA.

hirida, 43

adiantifolia, 434

Macarthurii, 43, 450

authriscifolia, 433

460

INDEX.

ANEMIA (continued).
asplenifolia, 434
aurita, 435
bipinnata, 435
Breuteliana, 431
jBreuteliana, 432
buniifolia, 435
caruifolia, 434
caudata, 432
cicutaria, 435
crliata, 433

1 ANEMIA (continued),
Sckraderiana, 434
Seemanni, 431
sorbifolia, 435
speciosa, 433
tenella, 433
tenuifolia, 435
tomentosa, 433
trichorhiza, 434
Tweediana, 434

ARTHROBOTEYS, see NEPHRO-

DIUM.

ARTHRODANJEA, see DAN^IA.

ARTHROPTERIS, see NEPHRO-
DIUM and NEPHROLEPIS,

ASPIDIDM.

abbreviatum, 257
abortivum, 292

collina, 431
collina, 432

vellea, 432
Vespertilio, 435

villncQ A QQ

abruptum, 263
acrostichoides, 250

cuneata, 434
deltoidea, 433
deasa, 435

viiiubd., 4OO

Wightianar 434
WrigJitii, 435

acrocarj^on, 281
aculeatum, 252
alatum, 296

dentata, 431
dichotoma, 435

ANEMIDICTYON, see ANEMIA

alsophiluceum, 265
amabile, 254

dissecta, 433
diversifblia, 435
Dregeana, 431

ANEMIKHIZA, see ANEMIA.
ANETIUM, see HEMIONITIS.

amplum, 285
angulare, 252
angulatum, 258

elegans, 436

anomalum, 253

ferruginea, 434

ANGIOPTERIS,

apiifolium, 297

filiformis, 431

evecta, 440

argutum, 275

filiformis, 433

aridum, 291:

flexuosa, 433

ANISOCAMPIUM, see NEPHKO-

aristatum, 255

fraxinifolia, 435

DIUM.

ascendens, 255

fulva, 433
Gardneri, 431

ANISOGONIUM, see ASPLE-

NIUM.

asperulurn, 266
attenuatum, 290

Gardneriana, 432

auriculatum, 251

glareosa, 432

ANTIGEAMME, see SOOLOPEN-

Barteri, 299

glareosa, 434

DKIUM.

Berteroanum, 255

glomerata, 434
gracilis, 433

ANTBOPHYUM.

biaristatum, 252
caducum, 257

hirsuta, 433

angustatum, 393

calcareum, 259

hirta, 432

Boryanum, 394

californicum, 253

hispida, 433

Brookei, 392 canariense, 272

humilis, 431, 433

callaefolium, 393

capense, 254

imbricata, 434

cayennense, 394

Capitainei, 266

incisa, 433

coriaceum, 393

caryotideum, 257

laciniata, 435

Cumingii, 393

chasrophylloides, 27'ff

Langsdorffiana, 433

ensiforme, 393

cheilanthoides, 270

longifolia, 435

Fdei, 394

cicutaritim, 299

macrophylla, 435

giganteum, 394

cirrhosum, 454

mandioccana, 432

immersum, 393

coneinnurn, 277

mandioccana, 432

lanceolatum, 394

coniifolium, 256

mexicana, 433

latifolium, 394

conioneuron, 289

millefolia, 436

Lessoni, 393

coriaceum, 255

obliqua, 435

lineatum, 392

Cofnu-Cervi, 256-

oblonga, 434

Mannianum, 394

Ctenitis, 265

oblongifolia, 431

nanura, 393

cucullatum, 290

pallida, 433

niphoboloides, 351

cystostegia, 253

Phyllitidis, 435

parvulum, 393

decresceng, 270

Phyllitidis, 433

plantagineum, 393

decurrens, 299

pilosa, 431

pumilura, 393

decurtaturn, 292

Pohliana, 433

reticulatum, 393

dilaceratum, 300

radicans, 432

semicostatum, 393

dimorplium, 294

Raddiana, 434

subfalcatum, 392

dissectum, 290

repens, 433

subsessile, 394

echinatum, 266

rotund? folia, 432

edentulum, 279

rubrostipes, 434 A

PALOPHLEBIA, see PoLYPO-

emarginatum, 262

rutcefolia, 434

DIUM.

extensum, 289

Schimperiana, 434. A

RACHNOIDES, SCCASPIDIUM.

falcatum, 257
fakmellum, 24&

INDEX.

461

ASPIDIUM (continued).
fimbriatum, 258
flexum, 255
fo&niculacewm, 256
Forsteri, 297
frondosum, 255
Funckii, 268
Gerrnani, 266
giganteum, 259, 800
glundulosum, 249
gongylodes, 289
gracilescens, 262, 267
grande, 299
grandifolium, 298
Gueintzianum, 269
guianense, 257
Hamiltonii, 256
heracleifolium, 258
heterocarpou, 293
heterolepis, 251
hispidulum, 293
ITookeri, 257
Hookeri, 292
ilicifolium, 251
iraraersum, 298
insigne, 262
intermedium, 276
irregulare, 298
irriguum, 297
juglandifolium, 257
Karwinskyanum, 279
Kingii, 249
Klotzschii, 287
lachenense, 250
laserpitiifolium, 254
latebrosum, 294
latifolium, 297, 300
lentum, 251
lepidocaulon, 250
leptorachis, 276
lobatum, 252
Lonchitis, 250
-longipes, 290
luctuosum, 252
Ludoviciaimm, 272
lugubre, 266
lutescens, 285
macrourum, 262
macrophyllum, 300
maderense, 250
marginatum, 251, 272
megaphyllum, 292
melanochtamys, 256
melanocaulon, 296
melanosticlum, 256
membranaceum, 259
meniicioides, 257
Meyanthidis, 297
mohrioides, 252
molle, 259
Moritzianum, 252
mucronatum, 250
multidentatum, 91

ASPIDIUM (continued),
mullifidum, 256
multilineatum, 291, 292
multijugum, 291
munitum, 249
neplirodioides, 258
nitidum, 265
obliquatum, 264
obliquum, 251
obacarum, 291
obtusum, 252
ocellatum, 251
oculatum, 253
odoratum, 280
oligocarpum, 268
ordinatum, 252
pachyphyllum, 299
pallidum, 275
paludosum, 294
palustre, 270
pauciflorum, 265
pellitum, 293
penuigerum, 292
pilosiusculum, 293
plantagineum, 258
Plaschnichianum, 249
platanifolium, 258
Plumieri, 258
Pica,, 298
pilosulum, 268
polymorphum, 297
Prescottianum, 253
procurrens, 290
proliferum, 252
prolixum, 268
propinquum, 289
pteropus, 299
pubernlum, 298
pungens, 252
ramosum, 301
repandum, 258
rhizopkyllum, 248, 249
Richardi, 253
rivulorura, 268
sagenioides, 271
Schimperianum, 272
Schweinitzii, 250
Seemannii, 255
semicordatum, 249
semibipinnatum, 297
sesqnipedale, 301
setosum, 274
Shepherd!, 281
siifoliura, 299
Sikkimense, 256
Singaporianum, 296
sinuatum, 258
spinuloso cristatum, 273
squamigerum, 265
squarrosum, 252
stimulans, 251
stipitatum, 278
stipulaceum, 269

ASPIDIUM (continued).
stipulare, 262
subglandulosum, 285
subsericeum, 281
subtriphyllum, 296
sulcatum, 265
syrmaticum, 272
Teysmannianum, 299
Thomsoni, 251
trapezioides, 251
Trianas, 286
triangulum, 250
tridens, 251
trifoliatum, 258
trifoliatum, 298
tripteron, 254
truncatum, 294
tsus-simense, 252
uliginosum, 284
undulatuin, 276
variolosum, 298
varium, 253
vastum, 296
velleum, 265
venulosum, 291
vestitum, 252
Yieillardii, 282
violascens, 293
mviparum, 251
Zollingerianum, 298

ASPIDOTIS, see HTPOLEPTS.

ASPLBNIDICTYON, See ASPLE-
NIUM.

ASPLENIUM.

abscissum, 203
abyssinicum, 220
achillecefolium, 227
acuminatum, 218
acuminatum, 235
Adiantum-nigrum, 214
adiantoides, 213
adiantoides, 217
affine, 215
alatum, 200
alienum, 242
alismcejolium, 243
aliernans, 194
alternifolium, 231
amabile, 205
anceps, 197
angustum, 191
angustifolium, 199
angustatum, 217
anisodontum, 205
anisophyllum, 204:
arboreum, 233
arlorescens, 240
arcuatum, 197
Arnottii, 240
asperurn, 238

462

INDEX.

ASPLENIUM (continued),
aspidioides. 228
attenuatum, 194
auriculatum, 203
auritum, 208
australasicum, 191
australe, 229
bantamense, 231
Barteri, 202
basilare, 229
Belangeri, 223
bifissum, 220
bipinnatifidum, 221
bipartitum, 212
lissectum, 211
BlaTcistoni, 216
Boltoni, 204
borbonicum, 222
borneense, 203
Bourgssi, 216
brachypteron, 221
Eractenridffii, 234
brevisorum, 228
bulbiferum, 218
Callipteris, 231
camptorachis, 202
caracasanum, 233
castaneum, 197
caucense, 454
caudatum, 209
celtidifolium, 282
Ctterach, 245
ckimborazense, 244
ckinense, 237
cbocoense, 244
cicutarium, 220
cladolepton, 220
coarctatum, 233
Colensoi, 219
comorense, 240
compactura, 219
compressum, 206
conchatum, 228
concinnum, 220
concolor, 191
coniiguum, 205
cordifolium, 243
coriaceum, 192
costale, 236
costale, 227
crassidens, 232
crenato-serraturn, 230
crenatum, 454
crenulans, 232
crenulatum, 224, 236,

454

crenulatum, 193
crinicaule, 205
cristatum, 210
cultratum, 231
cuneatum, 214
Currori, 192
cyathece folium, 238

ASPLENIUM (continued],
cyrtopteron, 205
cystopterioides, 225
Dalhousise, 194
davallioides, 222
decipiens, 227
decurtatum, 226
decussatum, 243
ddicatulum, 219
deltoideum, 237
densura, 197
dentatum, 196
deparioides, 226
Desvauxii, 236
dichotomum, 221
difforme, 207
dilatatum, 239, 245
dimidiatum, 209
dimorphum, 223
distaos, 109
dissecfum, 214
divaricatum, 219
divergens, 216
diversifolium, 200, 239
divisissimum, 242
Dombeyi, 228
Doreyi, 201
Dregeanum, 221
drepanopteron, 228
dubium, 220, 236, 241
ebenoides, 191
ebeneum, 198
ebenurn, 238
elatum, 233
elegans, 243
elegantulum, 217
elongatum, 201
emarginatum, 200
enatum, 205
ensiforme, 191
erectum, 202
erosum, 208
esculentum, 244
exiguura, 216
expansum, 241
extensum, 197
Fabianum, 218
Fadyeni, 220
falcatum, 206
falcatum, 208
iallax, 227
feejeense, 192
ferulaceum, 224
Fernandesianum, 202
firmum, 203
firinum, 206
F inlay sonianum, 245
Filix-jcemina, 227
fimbriatum, 229
fi> sum, 213
flabellifolium, 195
flabellatum, 205
flaccidum, 222

ASPLENIUM (continued),
flavesccns, 232
flexuosum, 208
flexuosum, 241
foeniculaceum, 216
foliolosum, 227
fontanum, 216
formosum, 201
/ra^7e, 195
fragrans, 205
fragrans, 216
Franconis, 235
fraxinifolium, 231
fraxineum, 382
frondosum, 238
fuliginosum, 203, 454
furcatum, 2 14,- 221
fuscopubescens, 242
Galeottii, 197, 228
Gaudichaudianum, 214
Gautien, 193
gemmiferum, 207
germanicum, 212
Gibertianum, 219
Gilliesianum, 193
Goringianum, 227
gracile, 202, 228
gracilescens, 242
grammitoides, 226
grandifolium, 231
Grevillei, 191
Grijjithianum, 193
Grrflithii, 239
gyinnogrammoides, 227
^a^'i, 211
Hancei, 208
barpeodes, 202
hastalum, 205
Hermionitis, 194
Hendersuni, 198
herbaceum, 219
heterodon, 201
heterocarpum, 210
heterophlebium, 243
Heuffleri, 196
A«ms, 214
kirtum, 205
IfohenacJeerianum, 225
Hookerianum, 213
korridum, 211
humile, 230
imbricatum, 219
Imrayauum, 207
iusequilaterum, 233
incisum, 217
induratum, 205
integrum, 193
integernmum, 200
irregular 'e, 222
Jamesoni, 218
japonicum, 234
juglandifoliuin, 232, 234
Klotzscliii, 241

INDEX,

463

ASPLENIUM (continued).

ASPLENIUM (continued}.

ASPLENIUM (continued).

Kraussii, 195

obtusum, 214

serampurense, 244

Kunzei, 243

obt/usilobum, 221

Serpentini, 214

laciniatum, 211

officinarum, 245

5erm, 206

Icetum, 210

Otites, 210

serrse forme, 210

lanceolatum, 217

Ottonis, 233

sessilifolium, 219

lanceum, 229

oxyphyllum, 228

Shepkerdi, 233

laserpitiifolium, 215

paleaceum, 208

Shuttle worthianum, 218

lasiopteris, 235

pallidum, 230

Skinneri, 226

latifolium, 228

paradoxum, 209

Smithianum, 245

latifolium, 239

pectinatum, 228

solenopteris, 227

laxum, 218, 228

pellucidura, 205

solidum, 214, 454

Lechleri, 231

pinnatifido-pinnatum,

sororium, 239

lepidum, 454

231

sorzogonense, 266

Lindbergii, 236

plantagineum, 239

spathulinum, 2J5

Lindeni, 218

planicaule, 211

speciosum, 235

lineolatum, 243

platybasis, 206

spinulosum, 225

Lobbianum, 232

polypodioides, 238

splendens, 214

lobulosum, 234

porrectum, 230

Sprucei, 234

lonffi folium, 234

Powellii, 224

squamosum, 218

lucidum, 207

prseruorsum, 215

squamigerum, 237

lugubre, 454

Prescottianum, 233

stans, 222

Lyallii, 207

Pnonitis, 204

stenocarpum, 244

macilentum, 208

proliferum, 228, 233

stramineTim, 228

macrocarpum, 227

prolongatum, 222

striatum, 233, 236

macrophyllum, 209

protensum, 211

strictum, 220

macrosorum, 206

pseudo-nitidum, 217

eubsinuatura, 229

magellanicum, 213

pulicosum, 240

subserratum, 230

Mannii, 221

pulchellum, 210

subtriangulare, 225

marinum, 207

pumilum, 212

sylvaticum, 232

Martensi, 228

puncticaule, 227

tenellum, 228

maximum, 239

Purdieanum, 245

tenerrimum, 212

medium, 225

rachirhizon, 205

tenuifolium, 220

melanocklamys, 239

radicans, 241

tenuifrons, 228

melanocaulon, 240

refractum, 216

ternatum, 219

Mertensianum, 218

repens, 219

ternatum, 242

Meyenianum, 238

resectum, 210

thelypteroides, 226

molle, 228

rhizophorum, 204

Thunbergii, 223

montanum, 213

rhizophgllum, 220

Tkiuaitesii, 235

montverdense, 220

rhceticura, 228

tomentosum, 234

mucronatum, 212

rhoifolium, 232

Trianse, 232

multifidum, 224

Richardi, 222

triphyllum, 219

multisectum, 228

rigidum, 208

umbrosum, 229

muricatum, 229

riparium, 203

vagans, 195

nmtilum, 233

rivale, 244

varians, 216

myriophyllum, 220

robustum, 244

variabile, 194

neglectum, 232

Roeraerianutn, 232

vastum, 241

nervosum, 237

rutaceum, 220

Veitchianum, 223

Newmanni, 454

rutcefolium, 222

venosum, 192

nicotianaefolium, 232,

Ruta-muraria, 213

venulosum, 238

454

Sampsoiii, 223

vestitum, 239

nigripes, 227

Sandwickianum, 242

Vieillardii, 200

nigripes, 248

sanguinolentum, 204

virens, 201

nigritianum, 215

scandens, 224

virescens, 237

nigro-paleaceum, 240

scandicinum, 228

mnc/e, 195

niponicum, 227

scandicinum, 215

vitiense, 245

mtews, 206

Schiedei, 233

viviparum, 223

nitidum, 215

Schimperi, 228

vomeriforme, 206

novce-caledonice, 223

Schkuhrii, 235

vulccmicum, 201

obesum, 209

scleropium, 207

TTardw, 217

obliquura, 207

Seemannii, 231

Welwitschii, 235

obovatum, 217

semikastatum, 233

Wichurce, 233

obtusatum, 207

scpulclirale, 213

Wiyhlianum, 199

464

INDEX.

ASPLENIUM (continued)

BOTRYCHIUM (continued).

CHEILANTHES (continued).

Wilsoni, 242

daucifolium, 448

aurantiaca, 141

woodwardioides, 229

decompositum, 448

aurea, 453

Wrightii, 204

dissectum, 448

BarkljEe, 151

zamioides, 209

Kannenbergii, 447

Bradburii, 141

Zenkerianum, 202

lanceolatum, 447

bullata, 137

zeylanicum, 230

lanuginosum, 448

capensis, 132

Z/unaria, 447

cheiloglyphus, 140

ASTRYRIUM, see ASPLENIUM.

lunarioides, 448

chlorophylla, 133

BALANTIUM, see DICKSONIA.

matricariaefolium, 447

chusana, 135

BATHMIUM, see ASPIDIUM.

matricarioides, 448
obliquum, 448

chryophylla,, 142
coriacea, 134

BLECHNIDIUM, see BLECHNUM.

palmatum, 448

cucullans, 135

rutaceum, 447

cuneata, 150

BLECHNUM.

rutasfolium, 448

DaUtousice, 137

acuminatum, 185

silaifolium, 447

dealbata, 142

arcuatum, 115

simplex, 447

Eatoni, 140

asplenioides, 183

subbifoliatum, 448

elegans, 140

austral e, 186

subcarnosum, 448

elongata, 135

brasilieuse, 184

ternatum, 448

farinosa, 142

campylotis, 185

virginianum, 448

fasciculata, ] 34

cartilagineum, 184
corcovadense, 184

BOTRYOPTERIS, S€6 HELMIN-

Fendleri, 139
fimbriata, 139

diversifolium, 181

THOSTACHYS.

flexuosa, 138

Fendleii, 185
Finlaysonianum, 187

BRAOHYSORUS, see ASPLE-
NIUM,

fragilis, 135
frayrans, 134

fraxineum, 185

frigida, 141

gracile, 185

BRAINEA.

Gardneri, 131

kastatum, 185

insignis, 390

gland ulosa, 136

intermedium, 185

gracilis, 139

Lanceola, 183

CALYMNODON, see POLYPO-

graciilima, 139

Icevigatum, 186

DIUM.

hirta, 136

Lechleri, 179

CAMPTERIA, see PTERIS.

hispanica, 136

longifulium, 185
melanopus, 186

CAMPTODIUM, see NEPHRO-

incisa, 133
induta, 138

nitidum, 184

DIUM.

Kirlcii, 132

occidental, 185

CAMPTOSORUS, see SCOLO-

Kuhnii, 453

opacurn, 176

PENDRIUM.

lanosa, 139

orientale, 186
pectinatum, 185

CAMPYLONEURON, see POLY-
PODIUM.

lanuginosa, 139
lendigera, 141

plantagineum, 183

leucopoda, 136

polypodioides, 184

CASSEBEERA.

Lindkeimeri, 140

remotum, 186

gleichenioides, 143

Lindigii, 453

scandens, 187

pinnata, 142

Mac-Leanii, 135

Schlirnense, 185

triphylla, 142

maderensis, 134

seminudum, 375

malaccensis, 137

serrulatum, 186

CEPHALOMANES, see TRICHO-

marginata, 151

striatum, 186

MANES.

marsupianthes, 140

triangulare, 184
unilateral, 184
Vieillardii, 175

CERATOPTERIS.
thalictroides, 174

Matthewsii, 134
micromera, 135
tnicrophylla, 135

vittatum, 184
volubile, 187

CEROPTKRIS, see GYMNO-

micropteris, 134
minor, 141

GRAMME.

monticola, 131

BOLBITIS, see ACROSTICHUM.

CETERACH, see ASPLENIUM.

Moritziana, 135

BOTRYCHIUM.
anthemoides, 448

CHEILANTHES.
allosuroides, 137

multiftda, 138
inyriophylla, 140
mysurensis, 135

austral e, 448

andina, 134

obtusata, 135

boreale, 447
brachystachys, 448

aralica, 134
argentea, 142

ochracea, 141
odora, 134

cicutarium, 448

aspidioides, 135

olivacea, 136

crassinervium, 447

Atherstonii, 150

paleacea, 140

INDEX,

465

CHEILANTHES (continued).
parviloba, 136
paupercula, 132
pedata, 132
pilosa, 135
Preissiana, 137
propinqua, 453
prninata, 134
pulchella, 134, 136
pulveracea, 373
pygmsea, 135
pyramidalis, 151
radiata, 132
Eadula, 130
regularis, 131
rufa, 140
rufa, 141
sea bra, 130
scariosa, 140
Schimperi, 133
Seemanni, 133
setigera, 284
Sieberi, 137
speciosis&ima, 141
suaveolens, 134
subvillosa, 137
Szovitzii, 139
tenuifolia, 138
tenuis, 136
tomentosa, 140
Tweediana, 135
varians, 136
vestita, 134
vestita, 139
viscosa, 136
Welwitschii, 142
Wrightii, 138.

CHEILOPLECTON, see PELL^EA.
CHEIROGLOSSA, see OPHIO-

GL08SUM.

CHEIROPLEURIA, see ACRO-
STICHUM.

CHNOOPHORA, see ALSOPHILA.

CHRYSODIUM, see ACROSTI-
CHUM.

CIBOTIUM, see DICKSONIA.
CINCINALIS, see NOTHO-

CHL.ENA.

CIONIDIUM, see DEPARIA.
CNEMIDARIA, see HEMITELIA.

COCHLIDIUM, see MONO-
GRAMME.

C(ELOPiERis, see POLYPO-

DIUM.

COLYSIS, see POLYPODIUM.

CONIOGRAMME, See GYMNO-
GRAMME.

COTOPHTLLUM, see ANEMIA.

CYATHEA (continued).

CRASPEDARIA, see POLYPO-
DIUM,

CRASPEDONEURON, see TRI-

Korthalsii, 25
leucolepis, 26
Lindsayana, 25
Lobbiana, 24

CHOMANES.

Manniana, 21

CREPIDOMANES, see TRICHO-

MANES.

medullaris, 25
Mertensiana, 41

CRYPSINUS, see POLYPODIUM.

Mettenii, 18
mexicana, 20

CRYPTOGRAMME.

microphylla, 21

acrostichoides, 144

Milnei, 26
minor 16

Brunoniana, 144

muricata, 17

crispa, 144

nigrescens, 33

CRYPTOSORUS, see POLYPO-

nigricans, 26
orientalis, 24

DIUM.

pallida, 16, 24

CUSPID ARIA, see T^NITIS.

petiolata, 23

propinqua, 27

CYATHEA.

sarawakensis, 23

affinis, 27

Schansckin, 19

aneitense, 26

Sechellarum, 22

angolensis, 22

Sellowiana, 32

arachnoidea, 24

serra, 17

arborea, 16

sinuata, 16

arborea, 24

speciosa, 28

assimilis, 24

spinulosa, 23

balanocarpa, 17

Sprucei, 20

Beyrichiana, 19, 449
bicrenata, 17

squamipes, 18
subnudata, 17

Bi*unonis, 16

Tussacii, 17

Burkei, 21

vesiito, 19

camerooniana, 21

Vieillardii, 27

canaliculata, 23
caracasana, 34

villosa, 35
Welwitschii, 21

crenulata, 23

Cunninohami 25

CYCLODIUM, see ASPIDIUM.

cuspidata, 17

CYCLOPELTIS, see ASPIDIUM.

dealbata, 26

CYRTOMIUM, see ASPIDIUM.

Delgadii, 19

CYRTOMIPHLEBIUM, see POLY-

denudans, 20

PODIUM.

diver gens, 17

Drbgei, 21

CYSTOPTERIS.

ebenina, 20
elegans, 16

alpina, 103
atomaria, 103

equestris, 19, 449

bulbifera, 103

excelsa, 22

dimidiata, 91

excelsa, 23

Douglasii, 103

extensa, 27
frondosa, 18

fragilis, 103
montana, 104

Oardnen, 20

sandwicensis, 103

gracilis, 18
Grevilleana, 16
kirtula, 19, 449

spinulosa, 225
equamata, 92
sudetica, 103

Hookeri, 16

tasmanica, 103

Jiymenodes, 24

tristis, 44

Imrayana, 17

DANJSA.

incana, 18

insignis, 17

alata, 443

integra, 23

Augustii, 443

javanica, 23

cuspidata, 444

KirTdi, 22

dubia, 444

3 N

466

INDEX.

DANJIA (continued).

DAVALLIA (cow^rmed).

DAVALLIA (continued).

elliptica, 444

hirsuta, 452

tenuifolia, 102

geniculata, 444

hirta, 100

thecifera, 100

humilis, 443

HooJceriana, 97

Thwaitesii, 99

longifolia, 444

hymenophylla, 452

trichomanoides, 72

Moritziana, 443

hymenophylloides, 93

trichosticha, 100

nodosa, 444

immersa, 91

triphylla, 94

paleacea, 444

Imrayana, 90

triquetra, 93

Sellowiana, 444

incequalis, 99

uncinella, 102

simplicifolia, 442

jamaicensis, 100

urophylla, 99

utenophylla, 443

Khasyana, 99

vestita, 90

trichomanoides, 442

Lindeni, 100

villosa, 98, 452

trifoliata, 442

Lindleyi, 95

Vogelii, 95

Lobbiana, 94

DAN2EOPSIS, see DA&EA.

lonchitidea, 99

DAVALLTOPSIS, see TRICHO-

DAREA, see ASPLENIUM.

longula, 89
Lorrainei, 452

MANES.

luzonica, 98

J_)EPARIA«

DAVALLIA.

roadagascariensis, 100

concinna, 55, 451

aculeata, 102

marginalis, 452

Macraei, 55

qffinia, 92

mauritiana, 96

Moorei, 55

alpina, 89

JtoWen, 102

producta, 451

amboynensis, 100

membranulosa, 91

prolifera, 55

angustata, 88

micans, 95, 452

assamica, 452

Moorei, 95

DlACALPE.

Belangeri, 89

multidentata, 91

aspidioides, 45

bifida, 101

nigrescens, 101

bipinnatifida, 90

nitidula, 97

DlBLEMMA, see POLYPODIUM.

Blumeana, 93

nodosa, 92

Boryana, 93

Novce Zelandice, 91

DlCKSONIA.

botrychioides, 90

papillosa, 100

abrupta, 52

bullata, 97

parallela, 89

adiantoides, 52

calvescens, 98

Parishii, 90, 432

antarctica, 50

campyleura, 99

parvula, 92

anthriscifolia, 53

canariensis, 97

patens, 96

apiifolia, 53

caudata, 95

pectinata, 89

appendiculata, 54

chcerophylla, 92, 452

pedata, 89, 452

arborescens, 50

chinensis, 102

pentaphylla, 94

assamica, 49

ciliata, 98

pilosella, 98, 452

Barometz, 49

clavata, 102

pinnata, 98

Berteroana, 51

concinna, 100

platyphylla, 99

Blumei, 50

coriiifolia, 96

polyantha, 96

Ckamissoi, 50

corniculata, 96

polypodioides, 100

cbrysotricha, 50

Cumingii, 90

Preslii, 94

cicutaria, 53

decurrens, 95

proxima, 100

coniifolia, 51

Denhami, 100

pseudo-cystopteris, 452

consanguinea, 52

denticulata, 452

pulchella, 93

cornuta, 53

divaricata, 96

pulchra, 91, 452

Culcita, 51

elata, 95

pusilla, 89

davallioides, 54

elegans, 95, 452

pycnocarpa, 94

deltoidea, 54

epiphylla, 96

pyxidata, 98

dissecta, 52, 53

falcinella, 91

repms, 93, 452

dubia, 51

ferulacea, 92

rhomboidea, 97

erosa, 52

fijiensis, 97

Saccoloma, 97

./^rosa, 50

flaccida, 96

Schimperi, 100

flaccida, 53

faniculacea, 101

Schlechtendahlii, 103

glauca, 49

fumarioides, 102

scoparia, 101

glaucescens, 49

yibberosa, 100

serrata, 98

lanata, 50

Goudotiana, 101

sessilifolia, 89

Lindeni, 52

gracilis, 98

so&cfa, 95

magnifica, 50

Griffithiana, 96

Speluncce, 100

Martiana, 51

hemiptera, 93

strigosa, 98

Menziesii, 49

heterophylla, 88

tenuifolia, 93

moluccana, 53

INDEX.

467

DICKSONIA (continued).

DRYOMENIS, see ASPIDIUM.

GLEICHENIA (continued).

nitidula, 54
obtusa, 52

DRYOPTERIS, see NEPHRO-

DIUM.

owhyhensis, 14
pallescens, 449

obtusifolia, 54
ordinata, 53

DRYOSTACHYUM, see POLY-

pectinata, 15
pedalis, 13

Pavoni, 54

PODIUM.

pinnata, 12

Plumieri, 52

EGENOLPIA, see ACROSTI-

plumseformis, 14

punctiloba, 54

CHUM.

polypodioides, 11

rubiginosa, 53
scabra, 54

ELAPHOGLOSSUM, see ACRO-

pruinata, 13
pteridifolia, 15

Schiedei, 50

STICHUM.

pubescens, 13

Sellowiana, 50

ERIOSORUS, see GYMNO-

quadripartita, 13

Smithii, 54

GRAMME.

revoluta, 13

sorbifolia, 52

EUPODIUM, see MARATTIA.

revoluta, 15

squarrosa, 51

rubiginosa, 449

straminea, 52

FAD YE NT A

rufinervis, 15

ten era, 53
thyrsopteroides, 51

prolifera, 303

rupestris, 12
semiveatita, 11

Torreyana, 52

simplex, 13

FEEA, see TRICHOMANES.

Speluncae, 11

DICLIDOPTERIS, see MONO-

GALEOGLOSSA, see POLYPO-

subflabellata, 13

GRAMME.

DIUM.

tenera, 12

DICLOSODON, see NEPHRO-

DIUM.

GISOPTERIS, see LYGODIUM.

tomentoaa, 14
vmbraculifera, 13

vestita, 14

DICTYMIA, see POLYPODIUM.

GLEICHENIA.

vulcanica, 12

DICTYOPTERIS, see POLYPO-

acutifolia, 13

DIUM.

alpina, 12
arachnoidea, 12

GLYPHOT^NIUM, see POLYPO-
DIUM.

DlDYMOCHL^NA.

Boryi, 12

GONIOPHLEBIUM, see POLYPO-

lunulata, 248

bracteata, 14

DIUM.

polycarpa, 248

bullata, 12

GONIOPTERIS, see POLYPO-

circinata, 11

DIUM.

DIDYMOGLOSSUM, see HYME-

NOPHYLLUM.
DlELLIA, See LlNDSAYA.

crassifolia, 15
cryptocarpa, 13
Cunninghami, 13
dicarpa, 12

GRAMMITIS, see POLYPODIUM
and GYMNOGRAMME.

DlGRAMMARIA, See ASPLE-

NIUM and GYMNOGRAMME.

dichotoma, 15
emarginata, 15
farinoaa, 14

GYMNOGRAMME.
adiantoidea, 385
alismcefolia, 386

DIPLAZIUM, see ASPLENIUM.

ferruginea, 15

ambigua, 378

DIPTERIS, see POLYPODIUM.

flabellata, 12
flagellaris, 14

Andersoni, 380
angustifrons, 380

DISCOSTEGIA, see MARATTIA.

furcata, 14
gigantea, 12

argentea, 384
Ascensionis, 383

DoODIA

glabra, 12

aspidioides, 378

aspera, 189
Uechnoides, 189
caudata, 190

glauca, Sw., 11, 449
glauca, Hk., 12
glaucescena, 15
grandis, 14

asplenioides, 376
aaplenioidea, 378
aurea, 384, 38?
aureo-nitens, 382

connexa, 190

Hawaiensis, 14

aurita, 377

dives, 189
linearis, 190

heciatophylla, 12
Hermanni, 15

avenia, 388
borneensis, 386

media, 190

hirta, 14

calomelanos, 385

immeraa, 14

cartilagidens, 386

DORYOPTERIS, see PTERIS.

Klotzachii, 15

caudiformis, 389

DRYMOGLOSSUM.

laevigata, 14
longipinnata, 14

chcerophylla, 383
cheilanthoides, 382

carnosum, 397

longissima, 12

chrysophylla, 385

piloselloides, 398

Mathewsii, 14

conaimilia, 377

rigidum, 397

microphylla, 11

conaperaa, 385

subcordatum, 397

moniliformis, 11

cordata, 379

468

INDEX.

GYMNOGRAMME (continued).

GYMXOGRAMME (continued).

HEMESTHEUM, see NEPHRO-

cordata, 381

pedata, 383

DIUM.

dealbata, 384

pedunculata, 389

HEMIDICTYUM, see ASPLE-

decipiens, 381

peruviana, 385

NIUM.

decurreus, 389

pilosa, 376

decurrenti-alata, 377

pilosa, 382

HEMIONITIS.

diplazioides, 377
elliptica, 389

pinnata, 389
podopkylla, 390

citrifolia, 399
cordata 398

elongata, 386
elongata, 387
Fed, 389

polypodioides, 377
Posoi, 379
pukhella, 385

Griffithii, 399
hedercefolia, 398
lanceolata 398

ferruginea, 381
flabellata, 382
flavens, 374
flexuosa, 384
glandulosa, 384

pumila, 379
quinata, 387
regularis, 388
reniformis, 378
retrofracta, 384

palmata, 398
pinnata, 399
pinnatifida, 399
Wilfordii, 399

gracilis, 377

rosea, 385

HEMIPHLEBIUM, see TKICHO-

grandis, 377

7-M/a, 379

MANES.

guianensis, 385

rupestris, 377

Hamiltoniana, 389

rutsefolia, 379

HEMITELIA.

Haughtoni, 381

Salvinii, 387

alternans, 41

heterocarpa, 389

Schomburglciana, 382

apiculata, 29

hirsutula, 380

serra, 382

bella, 29

/wrto, 384

serrulata, 382

calolepis, 29

hispanica, 379

spuria, 388

capensis, 29

hispidula, 384

Steltzneri, 385

crenulata, 41

Hookeri, 381

subsimilis, 313

denticulata, 31

wc/sa, 380

subtrifoliata, 390

grandifolia, 28

intermedia, 385

sulphur ea, 385

guianensis, 30

involuta, 387

tartarea, 384

Hookeri, 28

japonica, 396

tomentosa, 380

horrida, 28

javanica, 381
javanica, 382
Karstenii, 380

To«a, 376
triangularis, 384
trifoliata, 384

Imrayana, 28
integrifolia, 28
javauica, 31

Janata, 381

vestita, 379

Junghuniana 31

lanceolata, 387

villosa, 376

Karsteniana, 27

laserpitiifolia, 384
leptophylla, 380

vittceformis, 386
Wallichii, 386

latebrosa, 43
Lindeni, 29

L'fierminieri, 385
Lindigii, 381
Linkiana, 377

Wallichiana, 387
Warcewiczii, 382
Wettenhalliana, 385

macrocarpa, 449
Moricandiana, 30, 449
obtusa,, 28

Lobbiana, 380

Wrightii, 388

Parkeri, 30

Lowei, 376
macrophylla, 388

GYMNOPTERIS, see ACROSTI-

petiolata, 28
platylepis, 29

marginata, 378
Martensii, 385

CHDM.

servitensis, 30

Massoni, 385

GYMNOSPH^BRA, see ALSO-

setosa, 449
Smithii 31

Matthewsii, 382
membranacea, 383

PHILA.

GYMNOTHECA, see MARATTIA.

speciosa, 28
subincisa, 27

mexicana, 387
microphylla, 383

GYNOSORIUM, see POLYPO-

tri pinnata, 31

inohriceformis, 380
Muelleri, 379

DIUM.

HABRODICTYON, see TRICHO-

Wilsoni, '30

myriophylla, 383

MANES.

HETERODAN^A, see DAN^A.

obtusata, 378

HAPLODICTYUM, see NEPHRO-

HETEROGONIUM, see GYMNO-

ochracea, 384
opaca, 378

DIUM.

HECISTOPTERIS, see GYMNO-

GRAMME.

HETEROPHLEBIUM,SeePTERIS.

ornithopteria, 385

GRAMME.

HEWARDIA, see ADIANTUM.

Ottonis, 381

palmata, 389

HELMINTHOSTACHYS.

HOLCOOHL^NA, see PELL^EA.

papaverifolia, 379

dulcie, 447

HOLCOSORUS, see POLYPO-

Pearcei, 384

zeylanica, 447

DIUM.

INDEX.

469

HDMATA, see DAVALLIA.

HYDROGLOSSUM, see LYGO-
DIUM.

HYMENOCYSTIS, see WOOD-
SIA.

HYMENODIUM, see ACBOSTI-
CHUM.

HYMENOGLOSSUM, see HYME-
NOPHYLLUM.

HYMENOPHYLLUM.

abruptura, 57
acanthoides, 71
aculeatura, 70
ceniginosum, 64
affine, 69
amoenura, 59
andinum, 60
angustum, 63
antarcticum, 67
apicale, 58
asperulum, 67
asplenioides, 57
asterothrix, 66
atrovirens, 60
attenuatura, 70
axillare, 58
badium, 60
barbatum, 68
Bibraianum, 70
bivalve, 69
blepharodes, 70
borneense, 62
Boryanum, 63
Braunii, 71
brevifrons, 57
Bridgesii, 70
capitlaceum, 58
Catherine?, 67
caudatum, 61
caudiculatum, 61
chiloeiise, 63
ciliatum, 63, 451
corticola, 57
crispatum, 60
crispum, 59
cristatuin, 70
cruentum, 56
Crugeri, 66
cubense, 66
cupressiforme, 67
daedaleum, 60
demissum, 61
dentatum, 70
denticulatum, 71
dichotomum, 70
dildtatum, 62
divaricatum, 65
Dregeanum, 67
elasticum, 64

HYMENOPHYLLUM (contd.).
elegans, 66
elegantulum, 66
emersum, 451
eriophorum, 66
erosum, 61
eximium, 62
exsertum, 58
feejeense, 69
fimbriatum, 60
flabellatum, 61, 76
flaccidum, 69, 451
flexuosum, 60
formosum, 62
Francavillei, 61
Franklinianum, 64, 451
fuciforme, 62
fucoides, 69
gracile, 58
Gunnii, 58
hirsutum, 63, 451
hirtellum, 64
holochilura, 69
interruptum, 65
Jamesoni, 68
japonicum, 451
javanicum, 60
Junghuhnii, 62
Karstenianum, 66
lanceolatum, 64
latifrons, 63
Lindeni, 65
Lindigii, 65
linear e, 66
macroglossum, 58
magellanicum, 70
Malingii, 66
marginatum, 57
megachilum, 67
Menziesii, 67
Mettenii, 67
Meyeri, 67
micranthum, 76
microcarpum, 65
microphyllum, 451
microsorum, 59
minimum, 67
mnioides, 57
Moritzianum, 66
muUitfdum, 69
myriocarpum, 59
natalenae, 58
Neesii, 71
nitens, 61
dbtusum, 63
organ en se, 65
parvifolium, 56
Pasloensis, 67
pectinatum, 68
pedicellatum, 70
pendulum, 66
peruvianum, 70
platylobum, 65

HYMENOPHYLLUM (contd.).
Plumieri, 63
plumosum, 66
polyanthos, 60
Preslii, 69
procerum, 66
productum, 61
protrusum, 60
pteropodum, 65
pulcherrimiim, 62
pulchellum, 67
iforme, 69
dianum, 63
rarum, 51
recurvum, 61
Reinwardtii, 61
reniforme, 59
Ruizianum, 65
sabincefolium, 71
scabrum, 61
secundum, 68
semibivalve, 58
sericeum, 66
Serra, 68
serrulatum, 69
seselifolium, 70
Simonsianum, 68
Smithii, 69
speciosum, 66
spectabile, 65
spinulosum, 70
Sprucei, 65
subtilissimum, 451
tabulare, 58
tasmanicum, 60
tenerrimum, 68
tomentosum, 66
torquescens, 70
tortuosum, 70
triangulare, 69
trichophyllum, 66
trifidum, 66
Tunbridgense, 67
undulatum, 59
unilaterale, 67
valvatum, 65
venustum, 63
Wilsoni, 67
zeelandicum, 67
Zollingerianum, 62

HYMENOSTACHYS, see TRI-

CHOMANES.

HYPOCHLAMYS, see ASPLE-

NIUM.

HYPODEMATIUM, see NEPHKO-
DIUM.

HYPODERBIS.
Brownii, 46

470

INDEX.

HYPOLEPIS.

LEPTOPLEURIA, see DICK-

LINDSAYA (continued).

alpina, 129

SONIA.

pectinata, 106

ainaurorachis, 129
anthriscifolia, 129
aspera, 129

LEPTOPTERIS, see TODEA.
LEUCOSTEGIA, see DAVALLIA.

pendula, 108
pentaphylla, 112
propinqua, 111

Bergiana, 130
calif ornica, 131

LlNDSAYA.

pumila, 112
quadrangularis, 107

capensis, 132

adiantoides, 104

recurvata, 111

dicksonioides, 129

alutacea, 110

reniformis, 109

distans, 129

arcuata, 107

retusa, 110

elata, 129

borneensis, 107

rigida, 108

hostilis, 130

botryckioides, 105, 452

sagittata, 109

javanica, 129

Catherine, 106

scan dens, 106

millefolium, 130

caudata, 107

Seemannii, 105

nigrescens, 129

concinna, 105

Sprucei, 108

occidentalis, 128

cor data, 111

striata, 107

pallida, 129

crenulata, 452

stricta, 108

parallelogramma, 130

cultrata, 105

ten era, 107

paupercula, 132

cuneata, 112

tenuifolia, 94

pedata, 132

davallioides, 111

trapeziformis, 107

polypodioides, 162

diver gens, 109

trapeziformis, 104

pteridioides, 129

dubia, 105

trichomanoides, 110

Purdieana, 130

elegans, 108

triquetra, 93

radiata, 132

elongata, 110

virescens, 106

repens, 129

ensifolia, 112, 452

TTa^erce, 109

resinifera, 129

erecta, 113

resistens, 129

falcata, 113

LITOBROCHIA, see PTERIS.

rudis, 129

falcata, 107

rugulosa, 163

falciformis, 104

LLAVEA.

spectabilis, 133
stenophylla, 129

filiformis, 106
flabellulata, 107

cordifolia, 144

tenuifolia, 129

flabellulata, 105
Fraseri, 112

LOMAGRAMME, See ACROSTI-

ISOLOMA, see LINDSAYA.

Gardneri, 107

CHUM.

gigantea, 107

LOMARIA.

JAMESONTA.

Griffithiana, 112

angustifrons, 380

Gueriniana, 111
guianensis, 117

acuta, 180
adnata, 182

canescens, 369
hispidula, 384
imbricata, 369
rotundifolia, 370

heterophylla, 112
horizontinalis, 107
intermedia, 111

alpina, 178
articulata, 183
aspera, 177

scalar is, 370

japonica, 105

attenuata, 176

verticalis, 369

KirUi, 108
Klotzschiana, 107

Banksii, 178
blechnoides, 177

KAULFUSSIA.

lanceolata, 452

Boryana, 179

cesculifolia, 444

lanuffinosa, 109
Lapeyrousii, 106

capensis, 179
caudata, 179

assamica, 444

laxa, 107

chilensis, 179

LACOSTEA, see TRICHOMANES.

Leprieurii, 107
Lessonii, 110

ciliata, 175
Colensoi, 174

LASTREA, see NEPHRODIUM.

L'Herminieri, 107

Cumingiana, 174

LECANIUM, see TRICHO-
MANES.

linearis, 104
macrophylla, 112

cuspidata, 180
daneacea, 179

media, 111

discolor, 175

LECANOPTERIS, see POLYPO-

Michleriana, 113

divergens, 176

DIUM.

microphylla, 110

diversifolia, 181

LEPICYSTIS, see POLYPO-

multifrondulosa, 452

efora, 177

DIUM.

nitens, 111

elongata, 174

LEPTOCIONIUM, see HYMENO-

PHYLLUM.

oblongifolia, 106
obtusa, 111
ovata, 105

euphlebia, 183
filiformis, 180
- fiuviatilis, 181

LEPTOGRAMMB, see GYMNO-

Parishii, 109, 452

Fraseri, 182

GRAMME.

parvula, 452

Germainii, 180

INDEX.

471

LOMARIA (continued).

LTGODIUM (continued).

MARATTIA (continued).

gibba, 175

circinatum, 437

obtusidens, 441

gigantea, 176

dichotonmm, 437

pellucida, 441

Gilliesii, 179

digitatum, 437

podolepis, 441

glauca, 182

expansum, 438

polyodoH, 441

L'Herminieri, 176

Finlaysonianum, 439

purpurascens, 441

lanceolata, 177

flexuosum, 437, 438

Raddiana, 441

Lenormandi, 181

Forsteri, 439

salicifolia, 440

longifolia, 179

hastatum, 438

salicina, 440

magellanica, 180

heterodoxum, 439

sambucina, 441

membranacea, 181

hirsutum, 438

sorbifolia, 440

niyra, 181

hirtum, 438

sylvatica, 441

obtusata, 178

japonicum, 439

Verscbaffeltiana, 441

onocleoides, 178

lanceolatum, 439

weinmanniaefolia, 442

opaca, 176

Lindeni, 439

ornifolia, 179

longifolium, 438

MATONIA.

Patersoni, 174

lucens, 438

pilosa, 176

madagascariensis, 439

pectinata, 45

Plumieri, 176

mexicanum, 438

procera, 179

micans, 438

MECOSORUS, see GLEICHE-

pumila, 178

microphyllum, 438

NIA.

punctulata, 179
punctata, 174

palmatum, 436
pedatum, 437

MELANOPTERIS, see ASPI-

DIUM.

pycnophylla, 183

pinnatifidum, 438

rigida, 177
semicordata, 182

Pceppiganum, 438
polycarpura, 439

MENISCIUM.

spectabilis, 179

polymorphum, 438

angustifolium, 391

spicant, 178

polystachyum, 438

Cumingii, 322

squamulosa, 179

puberulum, 438

cuspidatum, 392

tuberculata, 179

pubescens, 438

deltigernm, 420

vestita, 179

reticulatum, 439

giganteum, 391

Vieillardii, 175

salicifolium, 438

Kapplerianum, 392

volubilis, 182

scandens, 437

macrophyllum, 392

vulcanica, 176

scandens, 438, 439

molle, 392

Schkuhri, 439

palustre, 392

LOMARIDIUM, see LOMARIA.

semibipinnatum, 438

Parishii, 392

semikastatum, 437

pauciflorum, 391

LONCHITIS.

Smithianum, 438

reticulatum, 392

aurita, 128

spectabile, 439

salicifolium, 391

Ghiesbreghtii, 168
glabra, 128

subalatum, 438
surinamense, 438

serratum, 392
simplex, 390

hirsuta, 160

tenue, 439

sorbifolium, 392

Lindeniana, 128
madagascariensis, 128
natalensis, 128

trifurcatum, 437
venustum, 438
volubile, 438

Thwaitesii, 391
triphyllum, 391
villosum, 392

occidentalis, 128

Wrightii, 438

pubescens, 128

MERTENSIA, see GLEICHENIA.

MARATTIA.

LOPHIDIUM, see SCHIZ^EA.

MESOCHLJENA, see DIDY-

LOPHOLEPIS, see POLYPODIUM.

alata, 442
attenuata, 441

MOCHL^NA.

LOKINSEEIA, see WOOD-

cicutcefolia, 441

MTCROGONIUM, see TRICHO-

WARDIA.

cicutsefolia, 441

MANES.

LOTZEA, see ASPLENIUM.
LOXOSCAPHE, see DAVALLIA.

Douglasii, 441
Dregeana, 440
elegans, 440

MICROGRAMME, see POLYPO-
DIUM.

LOXSOMA.

frazinea, 440
fraxinea, 441

MICROLEPIA, see DAVALLIA,

CunningJiami, 56

Kaulfmsii, 442

MICROSORIUM, see NEPHRO-

LYGODIUM.

laevis, 442
laxa, 441

DIUM.

acuminatum, 438

macrophylla 441

MlCROSTAPHYLA, SC€ "ACKO-

articulatum, 437

natalensis, 440

BTICHUM.

472

INDEX.

MOHBIA.

achillesefolia, 436
ca/rorum, 436
thurifragra, 436

MONACHOSORUM, S66 POLY-
PODIUM.

MONOGRAMME.

angustissima, 375
darececarpa, 375
furcata, 375
graminea, 375
graminoides, 375
graminifolia, 376
immersa, 376
Junghuhnii, 375
myrtillifolia, 376
rostrata, 375
seminuda, 375
subfalcata, 375
trichoidea, 375

MYRIOPTERIS, see CHEILAN-
THES.

NEPHRODIUM.

abortivum, 292
abruptum, 263
abruptum, 294, 295
acuminatum, 281
acutum, 286
cemulum, 279
affine, 272
albicaule, 262
albo-punctatum, 264
amboinense, 292
amplissimum, 287
amplum, 285
amplum, 285
angustifrons, 283
angustifolium, 293
apiciflorum, 271
apiifolium, 300
appendiculatum, 268
arborescens, 286
Arbuscula, 292
aridum, 291
aristatum, 288
articulatum, 292
Ascensions, 279
asperum, 292
asplenioides, 293
atkamanticum, 277
atratum, 261
attenuatum, 263
augescens, 290
aureo-vestitum, 265
barbigerum, 274
Barteri, 299
Beddomei, 267

NEPHBODIUM (continued).
Bergianum, 269
Berteroanum, 286
Bojeri, 280
Boottii, 275
borneense, 27 B
Boryanum, 280
Boryanum, 284
brachyodon, 295
Brackenridgii, 263
Braunianum, 260
Brunonianum, 274
calcaratum, 264
canescens, 290
canum, 267
caripense, 265
catocarpum, 285
catopteron, 284
caudiculatum, 263,295
chinense, 278, 455
chrysolobum, 262
cicutarium, 282
cicutarium, 299
cirrhosum, 454
cochleatura, 272
cognatum, 279
collinum, 276
concinnum, 268
conterminum, 268
crassifolium, 266
crinipes, 294
crinitum, 265
crinibulbon, 263, 454
cristatum, 273
c«eni«M, 265
cucullatum, 290
cucullatum, 289
Cumingianum, 287
cuspidatum, 263
cyatkeoides, 293
davallioides, 287
decipiens, 260
decompositum, 281
decurrens, 259
decurrens, 299
decursivo-pinnatum,

259

deflexum, 292, 305
deltoideum, 276
deltoideum, 270
denticulatum, 287
deparioides, 277
dilatatum, 275
diplazioides, 270
dissectum, 290
dissidens, 295
distans, 288
diversilobum, 293
divisum, 284
Eatoni, 276
echinatum, 266
edentulum, 279
effusum, 287

NEPHBODIUM (confinwecf).
datum, 298
elatum, 291
elongatum, 272
eriocarpum, 280
erythrosorum, 273
excellens, 295
excultum, 287
exiguum, 267
extensum, 289
eusorum, 294
falcilobum, 264
falciculatum, 264
Falconeri, 277
Fendleri, 295
/croc, 294
ferrugineum, 283
figiense, 280
filix-mas, 272
flaccidum, 274
floridanum, 273
Foenisecii, 279
fragrans, 275
funestum, 281
furcatum, 285
giganteum, 300
glabellum, 281
glabrum, 278
glanduligerum, 262
glandulosum, 276, 288
glandulosum, 291
globuliferum, 269
Goldieanum, 272
gracilescens, 262
Griffithii, 300
Ch-isebachii, 285
griseum, 271
Haenkeanum, 290
heterocarpum, 297
heterocarpon, 293
heterophyllum, 295
Hilsenbergii, 293
hirsutum, 291
hirsutum, 280
hirtipes, 261
hirtum, 278
hispidum, 286
Hudsonianum, 294
immersum, 263
incequale, 277
incequilaterale, 454
incisum, 288
insigne, 262
intermedium, 283
invisum, 263
irregular e, 298
irriguum, 297
Jamesoni, 293
javanicum, 248
Karstenianum, 286
Karwif.sTcyanum, 279
Kaulfussii, 268
lacerum, 273

INDEX,

473

NEPHRODIUM (continued),
lali folium, 297
latifrons, 282
latipinna, 292
lepidotum, 276
lepigertim, 284
Leprieurii, 266
Leuzeanum, 295
limbatum, 269
lineatum, 292
lonchodes, 270
loirgipes, 290
macrophyllum, 300
macrotis, 261
macrostegium, 287
macrourum, 262
rnacrourum, 263
rnarginale, 273
melanocaulon, 296
melanopus, 271
membmnifolium, 282
membranifolium, 272
mexicanum, 276
Meyanthidis, 297
microsorum, 271
moZZe, 293
monostichum, 266
montanum, 271
Motleyanum, 266
multijugum, 291
Napoleonis, 279
moveboracense, 267
obliguatum, 264
oblusilobum, 284
ochthodes, 268
odoratum, 280
odoratum, 284
oppositura, 283
Oreopteris, 270
Otaria, 288
pacliyphyllum, 299
padiyrackis, 270
Palatanganum, 285
pallidivenium, 290
palustre, 270
Parishii, 280
patens, 262
pedatum, 259
pennigerum, 292
P/m, 298
pilosissimum, 281
piloso-hispidum, 307
pilosulum, 262
platypus, 286
podophyllum, 260
polymorphism, 297
PmZzi, 272
procurrens, 290
prolixum, 268
propinquum, 272
pteroides, 289
pubescens, 280
punctulatum, 261

NEPHRODIUM (continued).

NEPHRODIUM (continued).

purpurascens, 276

Thelypteris, 271

pusil/um, 260

Thoniboni, 256

Raddianum, 265

Tkwaite&ii, 277

recedens, 281

lament osum, 269

recurvum, 279

Triance, 286

refractum, 292

trickopkorum, 265

remotum, 275

trifidum, 297

resino-fcetidum, 269

irwte, 266

rigidum, 275

truncation, 294

rubiginosum, 280

tylodes, 2t>8

sagenioides, 271

uliginosum, 273

sagittcefolium, 294

undulatum, 276

Salvini, 274

unitum, 289

sanctum, 267

uniturn, 290

scabrosum, 283

varians, 288

schizotis, 262

variabile, 281

Schottianura, 262

variolosum, 298

sclerophyllura, 293

vastum, 296

scolopendrioides, 288

velatum, 270

semibipinnatum, 297

velleum, 265

semihastatum, 260

velutinum, 281

/Sen-a, 289

venustum, 294

Serra, 263

vestitum, 265, 286

setigerum, 284

Vieillardii, 282

setosum, 274

villosum, 286

Sieboldii, 261

viridescens, 275

siifolium, 299

viscosum, 264

simplicifolium, 313

Vogelii, 281

singaporianum, 296

JFataem, 455

Skinneri, 287

Webbianum, 264

sophoroides, 289

Welwitschii, 274

sparsum, 276

Wrightii, 288

spectabile, 272

Zollingerianum, 293

Sp&ei, 263

sphcerocarpum, 277

NEPHROLEPIS.

spinulosum, 275

spinulosum, 279

acwia, 301

splendens, 282

altescandens, 301

Sprengelii, 268

biserrata, 301

Sprucei, 269

cordifolia, 300

squamisetum, 278

davallioides, 302

squamigerum, 278

delicatula, 301

squamulosum, 271

ensifolia, 301

stenopteris, 288

exaltata, 301

stipellatum, 294

floccigera, 302

stipitatum, 278

hirsutula, 301

subbiauritum, 261

imbricata, 301

subfuscum, 267

ueglecta, 301

subglandulosum, 285

obliterata, 301

subincisum, 286

obtusifolia, 301

subobliquatum, 261

occidentalis, 301

subquinquefidum, 281

pectinata, 301

subsericcum, 281

peudula, 301

subtripinnatum, 455

pilosa, 301

syrmaticurn, 272

platyotis, 301

tarapotense, 265

punctulata, 301

tenericaule, 284

ramosa, 302

tenuifolium, 278

rufescens, 301

ternatum, 296

splendens, 301

terrninans, 289

tenuis, 802

tetragonum, 266

trichoraanoides, 301

thelypteroides, 269

tuberosa, 301

3 o

474

INDEX.

NEPHROLEPIS (continued).
valida, 301

OCHROPTERIS.

pallens, 127

OPHIOGLOSSUM' (continued).
gracillimum, 445

volubilis, 301

gramineum, 445

ODONTOLOMA, see DAVALLIA

intermedium, 446

NEUROCALLIS, see ACROSTI

CHUM.

OLEANDRA.

lusitanicum, 445
luso africanum, 445

NEURODIUM, see T^ENITIS.

articulata, 302
Cumingii, 303

macrorhizum, 445
rnelipillense, 445

NEUROGRAMME, see GYMNO-

GRAMME.

hirta, 302
hirtella, 302

minimum, 445
moluccanurn, 445

NEUROMANES, see TRICHO-

micans, 302
mollis, 302

nudicaule, 445
nudicaule, 446

MANES.

Moritzii, 302

opacum, 445

NEUROPHYLLUM, see TRI-

muscefolia, 302

ovatum, 446

CHOMANES.

neriiformis, 302

palmatum, 446

NIPHOBOLUS, see POLYPO-

D1UM.

nodosa, &03
phyllarthron, 302
pilosa, 302

parvifolium, 445
pedanculosum, 446
pendulum, 446

NIPHOPSIS, see POLYPODIUM.

Sibbaldi, 303

peruvianum, 446

NOTHOCHL^ENA.

trujulensis, 302
Wallickii, 303
Welwitchii, 303

petiolatum, 446
polyphyilum, 446
reticulatum, 446
rubellum, 445

affinis, 373
Aschenhorniana, 371

OLFERSIA, see ACROSTICHUM.

surinamense, 445
tuberosum, 445

Borsigiana, 374
brachypus, 371
JBrackenridgii, 371
Buchanani, 373

ONOCLEA.
germanica, 46
wientalis, 46

vulgatum, 445
Wightii, 445
ypanamense, 445

Candida, 373

sensibilis, 46

chilensis, 374

OSMUNDA.

cretacea, 374

ONYCHIUM.

bipinnata, 426

dealbata, 374

cturatum 143

capensis, 427

densa, 372
distans, 372

japonicum, 143
liicicluni 144

cinnamomea, 426
Claytoniana, 42

EcJcloniana, 371
enphora, 372

melanolepis, 143
strictum, 143

frondosa, 426
glaucescens, 426

Fendlen, 374

gracilis, 427

ferruginea, 370
flavens, 374

OOCHLAMYS, see NEPHRO-

Hilsenbergii, 427
Hugeliana, 427

fragilis, 372

DIUM.

imbricata, 426

glabra, 372

OPHIODERMA, see OPHIO-

interrupta, 426

hirsuta, 372

GLOSSUM.

japonica> 427

hypoleuca, 372

javanica, 426

incequalis, 371

OPHIOGLOSSUM.

lancea, 427

lanuginosa, 370

acuminatum, 302

Leschnaultiana, 427

Marantce, 371

aphrodisiacura, 446

monticola, 426

vnollis, 372

azoricum, 445

obtusifolia, 427

monosticha, 374

Boryanum, 447

palustris, 427

m'vea, 374

brevipes, 446

pilosa, 426

nudiuscula, 372

bulbosum, 445

Presliana, 426

persica, 139

capense, 446

regalis, 426

peruviana, 371
Pohliana, 372

cognatum, 446
concinnum, 445

speciosa, 427
spectabilis, 427

Rawsoni, 370

cordifolium, 446

Vachellii, 426

semiglabra, 372

coriaceum, 446

sinuata, 370
sinuata, 371

costatum, 446
crotalophoroides, 445

PACHYDERIS, see NEPHRO-

DIUM.

squamosa, 371
sulpkurea, 373

Curniugianum, 446
ellipticum, 445

PACHYLOMA, see HYMENO-

fewem, 37*3

elongatum, 446

PHYLLUM.

trichomanoides, 373
undulata, 420

flavicaule, 445
gomesianum, 445

:*ARAGRAMMA, see POLYPO-
DIUM.

INDEX,

475

PARKERIA, see CERATOPTE-

PELLJSA (continued).

POLYPODIUH (continued).

RIS.

virldis, 453

adenochrysum, 268

PATANIA, see DICKSONIA.

Wrightiana, 148

Adenophorus, 328
adnascens, 349

PHANEROPHLEBIA, see ASPI-

adnatum, 345

PELL^EA.

DIUM.

adnata, 325

alabamensis, 14S
alternifolia, 152

PHEGOPTERIS, see POLTPO-

DIUM.

adspersum, 319, 320
affine, 364

ambigua, 147
andromedcefolia, 150

PHLEBIGONIUM, see NEPHRO-

africanum, 351
alatum, 365

angustifolia, 150

DIUM.

albicans, 352

articulata, 153

PHLEBIOPHYLLUM, see TRI-

albo-punctatissimum,

aspera, 148

CHOMANES.

360

atropurpurea, 147

PHLEBODIUM see POLYPO-

albo-squamatum, 369

auriculata, 145

DIUM.

alleopterum, 305

BarUya, 151
Boivini, 149

PHOTINOPTERIS, see ACRO-

STICHUM.

alpestre, 311
alternans, 41

Bojeri,150
jBreiceri, 145

PHYMATODES, see POLYPO-

alternifolium, 335
amboynense, 306

Bridgesii, 151

DIUM.

americanum, 352

Burkeana, 153

PHYSAPTERIS, see CHEILAN-

ammifolium, 311

calomelanos, 152

THES.

«»tce7iwm, 341

columbina, 146
consobrina, 150
cordata, 152

PHYSEMATIUM, see WOODSIA.
PLAGIOGYRIA, see LOMARIA.

amphostemon, 348
andinum, 323
androgynum, 317

cuneata, 150
decomposita, 150

PLATYCERIUM.

anfractuosum, 326
angustifolium, 347

deltoidea, 146
densa, 149

(Kthiopicum, 425
alcicorne, 425

angustatura, 35£
angustnm, 363

Doniana, 152

angolense, 425

anocarpuua, 360

rfwra, 147
falcata, 151
flexuosa, 153
geranicefolia, 146

bi forme, 425
grande, 425
stemaria, 425
Wallichii, 425

apiculaium, 332
appendiculatuin, 343
appendiculatum, 306
aquiiinum, 311

glauca, 150

areolatum, 347

gracilis, 145, 453

PLATYLOMA, see PELL^EA.

argyratum, 331

hastata, 152, 453

argutum, 344

hastsefolia, 152

PLATYZOMA.

armatum, 33

hirsuta, 151

intramarginalis, 148

microphyllum, 11

. arthrothrix, 315
asperulum, 311

lomariacea, 146

aspleni folium, 329

longimucronata, 148

PLECOSORUS, see CHEILAN-

asplenioides, 316

macrophylla, 152

THES.

asterothrix, 316

marginata, 151

PLEOCNEMIA, see NEPHRO-

athyrioidts, 339

muci'onata, 148

DIUM.

atro-virensx 34

mucronata, 148
nitidula, 149

PODOPELTIS, s«e NEPHRO-

attenuatum, 345
attenuatum, 354, 355

ornithopus, 149

DIUM.

aureum, 347

-paradoxa, 152

POSSIA, see PTERIS.

auriculatum, 306

pilosa, 145

POLYBOTRYA, See ACROSTI-

aurisetum, 340

profusa, 148

CHUM.

australe, 334

pubescens, 150

POLYCAMPIUM, See POLYPO-

austr-ale, 322

pulchella, 150

DIUM.

axillare, 35

rigida, 147

barbatura, 294

robusta, 149

barbatum, 323

rotun d >. 'folia, 151

POLYPODIUM.

Barberi, 317

Scemanni, 145

Abitaguce, 333

Barterianum, 309

seticaulis, 152

accedens, 353

Beaumonti, 319

Skinneri, 147

achille<K folium, 338

Beckleri, 301

^eZ/en', 453

acrostichoides, 356

Bergianum, 269

Tamtnirii, 146

acrostichoides, 350

biauriculatum, 336

ternifolia, 148

aculeatum, 34

J?/ro?ts, 331

vestita, 146

acuruiuatuin, 345

BUlardieri, 364

476

INDEX.

POLTPODIUM (continued).
binerve, 323
Useriale, 309
bixulcatum, 321
llechnoides, 331
Bojeri, 311
Boothii, 352
borneense, 314
brasiliense, 345
Brongniartii, 318
Brownii, 355
ceespitosum, 321
caffrorum, 436
Calaguala, 343
californicum, 341
cainbricutn, 334
cameroonianum, 318
capitellatum, 368
carnosum, 365
Catharinae, 343
Catharines, 343
caudatum, 309
cclebicum, 329
chacapoyense, 343
chnoodes, 344
chrysolepis, 321
cicutarium, 299
ciliatum, 323, 340
clavifer, 334
coar datum, 348
cochleatum, 316
comptonis&folium, 323
concinnutn, 268
confiuens, 349
conforme, 319
conjugatum, 366
conjugatum, 362
conneocum, 312
cordatum, 304, 345
cordifolium, 300
coronans, 363
costatum, 350
costatum, 350
crassi 'folium, 360
cmssifrons, 325
crassinervium, 360
crenatum, 315
crenato-dentatum, 315
crenulatum, 368
crinale, 311
crispatum, 361
ctenoides, 306
cubense, 348
cucullatum, 324
cultratum, 327
Cumingianum, 318
Cumingianum, 354
curvans, 329
curvatum, 329
cuspidatum, 344
cyrtolobum, 363
Dalhousianum, 315
dareceforme, 339

POLYPODIUM (continued).
dasypleuron, 343
davallioides, 340
debile, 313
decipiens, 329
decorum, 331
decumanum, 347
decurrens, 348
decursivo - pinnatum,

259

decussatum, 306
deftexum, 305
delicatulum, 326
deltoideum, 270
dependens, 335
Deplanchei, 322
detergibile, 351
Dianse, 309
dictyocallis, 347
diftorme, 318
di'latatum, 287
dilatatum, 365
discolor, 326
dissectum, 290
dissimile, 344
distans, 308
distichocarpum, 352
divergens, 287
diversifolium, 314, 368
draconopterum, 319
drepanum, 310
Dryopteris 309
dubium, 313
ebenipes, 365
Eckloni, 346
effusum, 287
Ehrenbergianum, 334
elasticum, 327, 363
elatum, 337
eleutherophlebium, 343
ettipsoideum, 333
ellipticum, 389
elongatum, 260
ensatum, 361
ensifolium, 347, 356
ensi forme, 341
eriophorum, 372
erubescens, 306
excavatum, 354
excultum, 287
exiguum, 326
extensum, 323
Falcaria, 343
falcatum, 334
fallax, 337
farinosum, 329
fasciale, 348
fasciatum, 322
faucium, 315
Fe"ei, 317
Fendleri, 348
ferox, 294
ferrucfineum, 318

POLYPODIUM (continued).
ferrugineum, 332
fibrillosum, 307
firmum, 335
Fischerianum, 455
fissum, 351
Jiabelliforme, 326
flabellivenium, 322
flavo-puiictatum, 304
flexile, 311
flocdgerum, 351
flocculosum, 351
Forsteri, 317
Fortunei, 367
fragrans, 134
fraternum, 337
fraxinifoliurn, 314
fraxinifolium, 346
Friedrichsthalianum, 339
funiculum, 338
furcatum, 332
fwfuraceum, 332
fuscatum, 331
fusco-punctatum, 357
Gardneri, 352
geminatum, 353
Germanianum, 306
Gheisbreghtii, 315
ylabrum, 356
gladiatum, 345
glanduliferum, 310
glandulosum, 327
glaucophyllum, 340
glaucum, 365
glycyrhiza, 334
gvacile, 338
gracilis, 316
grammitidis, 327
gramineum, 321
grandidens, 344
grandifolium, 300
Griffithii, 308
Griffilhianum, 359
griseum, 330
griseuni, 38
guatemalense, 345
harpeodes, 343
harpophyllum, 337
Hartwegianum, 336
Hassdtii, 309
hastatmn, 317
kastatum, 361
hastcefolium, 304
hemionitideum, 360
Henchmanni,*337
Heracleum, 366
keterocarpum, 360
heteromorphum, 334
hezagonopterum, 309
Hillebrandii, 339
kimalayense, 369
hirtellum, 320
hirtura, 320

POLTPODIUM (continued).
ffooJceri, 319
Horsfieldii, 362
humile, 325
hydrophilum, 306
hymenopliylloides, 337
incequale, 325
incanum, 346
inconspicuum, 327
incurratum, 363
insigne, 363
intermedium, 342, 345
irioides, 360
Jamesoni, 323
jubceforme, 327
juglandifolium, 368
jungermanioides, 320
Kennedyi, 314
Keraudrenianum, 313
Khasyanum, 325
Kceoigi, 350
Korihalsii, 345
JJabrusca, 361
lacerum, 273
lachnopus, 342
laciniatum, 365
laetum, 343
lampongense, 345
lanceola, 358
lanceolatum, 354
lanceolatum, 356
lanigerum, 335
lapathifolium, 348
lasiosorum, 320
lasiopus, 343
lasiostipes, 327
latipes, 343
lati folium, 297
latum, 349
Icgionarium, 337
Lehmanni, 369
leiorhizon, 369
lepidotum, 356
lepidopteris, 346
leptocladium, 317
leucosorum, 324
leucospoi-um, 362
L'Herminieri, 332
ligulatum, 320
Lindbergii, 358
linear e, 354
linearifolium, 356
liniatum, 316
Lingua, 350
linguceformc,. 558
Linncei, 368
lividum, 328
Lobbianum, 294
Lobbianum, 331, 362
lotnarioidcs, 365
lomariaeforme, 333
longifolium, 355
longifrons, 358

INDEX.

POLTPODIUM (continued).
longipes, 364
longisetosum, 338
longissimum, 366
loriceum, 343
loriforme, 354
lucidum, 348
lunulatum, 41
lycopodioides, 357
Mackenii, 357
macrocarpum, 330
raacrodon, 318, 337
macrophyllum, 308
macrothecum, 306
madrense, 330
magnificum, 349
malacodon, 363
Mannianum, 310
marginatum, 355
marginellum, 321
Martensii, 333
mascarene, 455
Matthewsii, 341
maximum, 364
megalocarpum, 318
megalodus, 317
melanopus, 329
Melleri, 357
membranaceum, 360
menisciicarpon, 297,

299

menisciifoUum, 346
meniscioides, 314
meridense, 333
Meyenianum, 366
microphyllinum, 339
microstegium, 308
Milnei, 282
millefoUum, 339
minus, 348
minutum, 328
mo^/e, 308
molle, 344
mollis, 315
mollissimum, 329
molliusculum, 293
moniliforme, 325
montanum, 271
monticolum, S26
Moritzianum, 333
moulmeinensis, 368
multifidum, 322
multiiineatum, 316
muricatum, 252
murorutn, 339
muscefolium, 360
myosuroides, 323
myriocarputn, 334
myriophyllum, 338
nemorale, 285
neri /'folium, 345
nicotianccfolium, 455
nigrescent, 364

477

POLYPODIUM (continued),
nigritianum, 313
nigripes, 347
niponicum, 341
nitidissimum, 349
nitidum, 348
normale, 358
nudum, 354
nummularium, 340
nummularicefolium, 351
obliquatum, 328
obliquatum, 328
obovatum, 350
obscurum, 308
obtusum, 322
obtusilobum, 305
Oldhami, 311
onustum, 339
codes, 354
oppositifolium, 316
organense, 324
ornatum, 285
Otites, 334
ovatum, 359
oxylobum, 363
pachyphyllum, 342
paleaceum, 285
pallidum, 285
pallidivenium, 290
palmatum, 3t>8
paludosum, 308
papillosum, 328
papillosum, 332
parasiticum, 293
parasiticum, 319
parvulum, 326
patens, 342
pauciflorutn, 305
pectinatum,, 333
pectinatum, 343
pediculalum, 455
pellucidum, 333
peltideura, 364
penangianum, 352
penangiauum, 316
pendulum, 329
pennigerum, 317
pentagonum, 321
percussum, 356
persiccefolium, 344
persicaricefolium, 358
peruvianum, 326
petrophyum, 319
Pheyopteris, 308
Phyllitidis, 348
pJiymatodes, 364
pilipes, 330
pilipes, 329
pilosiusculum, 319-
pilosclloides, 340
pilosissimum, 32 7
pilosum, 367
platylobum, 306

478

INDEX.

POLTPODIUM (continued).
platyphyllura, 313, 455
platypkyllum, 310, 359
plebeium, 335
pkctolepis, 344
plesiosorum, 342
Plumula, 332
pcecilophlebium, 314
polylepis, 356
polystichoides, 455
Poppigianum, 321
porosum, 351
portorieensis, 280
Powellii, 364
prasinum, 312
princeps, 351
Prionitis, 304
procerum, 313
procurrens, 301
proliferum, 315
propinquum, 367
pteroideum, 308
pteropus, 329
puberulum, 336
pubescens, 342
pulchrum, 332
pulvinatum, 347
punclatum, 312
punctulatum, 343
pustulatum, 363
pycnolepis, 310
quadrangularis, 317
quercifolium, 367
radicale, 332
reclinatum, 355
recurvatum, 332
refulgens, 307
regularis, 338
Reinwardtii, 320, 344
repandum, 315
repandulum, 328
repens, 348
reptans, 316
retroflexuni, 292
revertens, 337
rhizocaulon, 346
rhynchophyllum, 359
Richardi, 346
rigescens, 331
rigidulum, 368
rigidum, 310
rigidum, 252
n't;aZe, 367
Rivoirei, 315
Robertianum, 309
rostratum, 353
rotundatum, 307
rubidum, 314
rwde, 307
rufescens, 309
rufulum, 346
rupestre, 349, 356
rupestre, 359

POLYPODIUM (continued}.
rusticum, 306
salicifolium, 316, 357
samarense, 356
samoense, 321
Sancta-Gabrieli, 304
sanctum, 267
sandvicense, 312
sandvicense, 317
sarmentosum, 327
saxatile, 359
Schiedeanum, 33
Schkuhrii, 333
Schomburghianum, 355
Schraderi, 354
scolopendrioides, 288,

323

Scouleri, 342
sectifrons, 363
Seemanni, 295, 331
semiadnatmn, 335
semipinnatifidum, 341
sepultum, 346
sericeo-lanatum, 335
sericeum, 280
serpens, 349
serpens, 357
serratifolium, 344
serrulatum, 323
Bessilifoliuin, 311
sessilifolium, 322
setigerum, 320
setigerum, 319
Betosum, 323
Sieberianum, 306
siifoliura, 299
simplicifolium, 313
sinuosum, 355
sinuosum, 365
Skinneri, 331
Sloanei, 285
solidum, 324
solutum, 348
sophoroides, 289
soridens, 355
sororinum, 337
sparsiflorum, 319
Bparsisoruin, 368
epectabile, 286
spectrum, 301
sphenodes, 348
Bpissuin, 350
splendidum, 312
splendent, 353
Spixianum, 333
sporadocarpum, 347
sporadolcpis, 336
Sprucei, 319
spurium, 388
squamatum, 346
stegnogrammoides, 317
Btenoloina, 363
stenophyllum, 354

POLTPODIUM (continued),
stigmaticum, 357
stigmosum, 350
stramineum, 316
subauriculatum, 344
Bubcrenatum, 325
subdimidialum, 326
subecostatum, 353
subevenosum, 320
subfalcatum, 328
subfurfuraceum, 350
subdigitatum, 340
sublanosum, 330
subpetiolatum, 336
subpinnatifidum, 324
subscabrum, 326
subsecundo-dissectum,

328

subsessile, 329
subserratum, 337
subscrratum, 325
subspathulatum, 320
swfoz'Ze, 326
superficial, 355
surrucuchense, 343
suspensum, 329
Swartzii, 357
sylvaticum, 252
tamariscinum, 33 S
taxifolium, 332
tenellum, 337
tenerifrons, 318
tenerum, 317
tenuicauda, 368
tenuifolium, 334
tenuilore, 354
tenuisectum, 338
terminals, 364
tetragonutn, 317
Thwaitesii, 328
tomentosum, 269
translucens, 342
trichomanoides, 326
trichosorum, 323
tricuspe, 350
tridactylon, 362
tridens, 246
trifidum, 363
trifurcatum, 323
trilobatum, 347
trilobum, 341
tripinnatifidum, 338
triquetrum, 359
truncicola, 326
Tweedianum, 330
unitum, 289
vacciniifolium, 340
vacillans, 343
varians, 369
varium, 350
venosum, 357
venulosum, 334
venustum, 369

INDEX.

479

POLTPODIUM (continued).

PTERIS (continued).

verrucosum, 344

crenata, 155

Vieillardii, 364

cretica, 154

villosissimum, 324

Currori, 168

violascens, 365

dactylina, 155

vittaria, 360

Dalhousice, 157

FofleZu, 313

decipiens, 166

vulcanicutn, 389

decora, 167

vulgare, 334

decurrens, 171

Walkene, 305, 455

decussata, 165

Wallichii, 362

de/Zora, 162

Willdenovii, 367

deltea, 158

Willdenovii, 367

denticulata, 159

xiphophoron, 345

digitata, 154

zeylanicum, 321

dispar, 157

Zippellii, 360

distans, 156

Zollingerianum, 360

edentula, 159

zosterceforme, 357

eZato, 173

Endlicheriana, 178

esculenta, 162

POLYSTICHUM, see ASPIDIUM.

euchlora, 166

POLYT^NIUM, see ANTRO-

excelsa, 159

PHYUM.

fallax, 149

PROFERA, see NEPHRODIUM.

Feliciennce, 167
felosma, 158

PROSAPTIA, see FAVALLIA.

flabellata,1Gl

PSEUATHYRIUM, See POLY-

flexuosa, 157
Gaudichaudii, 162

PSILODOOHEA, see ANQIO-

Gbiesbreghtii, 160
gigantea, 173

PTERIS.

gracilis, 160

grandifolia, 164

PTERIS.

Griffithii, 156
keteromorpha, 156

acclivis, 453

heterophlebia, 172

aculeata, 171

heterophylla, 160

alter nifolia, 168

Hcenkeana, 169

anamallayensis, 164

Hookeriana, 155

angusta, 159

mcz'sa, 172

aquilina, 162

irregularis, 158

arachnoidea, 163

Jamesoni, 162

arguta, 160

Junghuhnii, 170

argyraea, 158

Kingiana, 161

articulata, 153

Kleiniana, 164

ascensionis, 161

Kumeana, 173

asperula, 158

laciniata, 160

aurantiaca, 141

lancese folia, 168

aurita, 172

latifolia, 173

Barteri, 168

laurea, 168

Beech ey an a, 171

leptophylla, 171

biaurita, 164
borbonica, 170

leptophylla, 160
lltobrochioides, 157

brasiliensis, 169

lomariacea, 164

Irevisora, 162

lomariacea, 166

camptocarpa, 173

lonchophora, 166

catoptera, 158

longibracteata, 173

caudata, 163

longifolia, 153

chilensis, 161

longipinnula, 158

ciliaris, 170

Zwciews, 166

collina, 166

LuschnatJdana, 172

comans, 171

macilenta, 171

cordata, 152

macroptera, 169

coriacea, 162

madagascarica, 156

PTERIS (continued).
Mannii, 167
maratticefolia, 157
melanocaulon, 154
Melleri, 165
Milneana, 170
moluccana, 154
montbrisonis, 170
mutilata, 156
nobilis, 166
novce-caledonice, 159
opaca, 154
ornitkopus, 166
paleacea, 159
palmata, 166
patens, 165
paucinervata, 157
pedata, 167
pedata, 167
pellucens, 161
pellucida, 154
podopliylla, 172
polita, 171
propinqua, 171
pulckra, 169
pungens, 159
pyrophylla, 158
quadriaurita, 158
rugulosa, 163
sagittifolia, 166
sagittata, 153
scabra, 159
scabripes, 154
scaberula, 163
scalaris, 163
semiadnata, 157
semidentata, 160
semipinnata, 157
serrulata, 155
setifera, 173
sinuata, 172
spinulifera, 170
splendens, 168
stenophylla, 154
stridens, 162
subquinata, 158
subserrata, 156
sulcata, 158
sulphurea, 373
Swartziana, 158
tremula, 161
tricolor, 158
tripartita, 170
tripartita, 172
triplicata, 164
triphylla, 168
umbrosa, 155
vespertilionis, 172
vestita, 169
Vieillardi, 167
viscosa, 163
Wallichiana, 165
woodwardioides, 1 70

480

INDEX.

PTEROGONIUM, see GYMNO-

Scmz^EA (continued).

T^NITIS.

GRAMME.

trilateralis, 430

angustifolia, 396

PTERONEURON, see DAVAL-

valdiviana, 429

blecknoides, 397

LIA.

Blumei, 397

PYCNODORIA, see PTERIS.

SCHIZOLOMA, see LINDSAYA.

Desvauxii, 397

PYCNOPTERIS, see NEPHRO-

SCOLIOSORUS, see ANTRO-

PHYUM.

furcata, 397
intermedia, 395

DI'UM.

interrupta, 397

RHIPIDOPTERIS, see ACRO-

STICHUM.

SCOLOPENDRIUM.

isoetifulia, 395
lanceolata, 397

KHIZOGLOSSUM, see OPHIO-

brasiliense, 247

margiualis, 397

GLOSSUM.

Douglasii, 247

obtusa, 396

Durmllei, 247

sagittifera, 186

SACCOLOMA, see DAVALLIA.

ffemionitis, 247

semipinnatifida, 397

Lindeni, 247

SADLERIA.

micropodium, 247

THYLACOPTERIS, see POLY-

cyatheoides, 187
Kaulfussiana, 187
pallida, 187
Souleytiana, 187
squarrosa, 187

nigripcs, 247
pinnatum, 247
plantagineum, 247
rhizopkyllum, 248
sibiricum, 248
subsessile, 247

PODIDM.

THYRSOPTERIS.
elegans, 16

TODEA.

vulgare, 246

africana, 427

SAGENIA, see NEPHRODIUM.

barbara, 427

SALPICHL^NA, see BLECH-

SCYPHULARIA, see DAVALLIA.

Fraseri, 427

NDM.

SELLIGUEA, see GYMNO-

hymenophylloides, 427

SCHAFFNERIA, See SdOLOPEN-

GRAMME.

pellucida, 428

DHTUM

rivularis, 427

SCHELLOLEPIS, See POLYPO-
DIUM.

SERPYLLOPSIS, see TRICHO-

MANES.

superba, 428
Wilkesiana, 427

SITOLOBIUM, see DICKSONIA.

SCHIZ.EA.

SOROMANES, see ACROSTI-

TRIBLEMMA, see ASPLENIUM.

attenuata, 430

CHUM.

TRICHOCARPA, see DEPARIA.

australis, 428
bifida, 429

SPH^IROCIONIUM, see HYME-

NOPHYLLUM.

TRICHOMANES.

cristata, 430

abruptum, 84

dichotoma, 430
digitata, 430

SPH^IROPTERIS.

achillesefolium, 86
serugineum, 75

elegans, 430

barbata, 49

(datum, 79

fatulosa, 429

album, 80

flabellum, 430

SPHJEROSTEPHANOS, see Di-

angustatum, 85

fluminensis, 429

DYMOCHLJENA.

antillarum, 81

Forsteri, 430
Germani, 430

STEGNOGRAMME, see POLYPO-

apiifolium, 86
apodum, 75

incurvata, 429

DIUM.

Armstrongii, 452

intermedia, 430

STENOCHL^NA, see LOMARIA.

Asse-Grayi, 87

leevigata, 430
latifolia, 430
malaccana, 428

STENOLOMA, see DAVALLIA.
STENOSEMIA, see ACROSTI-

attenuatum, 79
auriculatum, 82
Bancroflii, 78

occidentalis, 430

CHUM.

BarTclianum, 74

pacificans, 430

STIBASIA, see MARATTIA.

Baueriarmm, 86

pectinata, 429
penicillata, 430

STROMATOPTERIS, see GLEI-

CHENIA.

bicorne, 79
bimarginatum, 75

pennula, 430

Boivini, 86

propinqua, 428, 429

STRUTHIOPTERIS, see ONO-

Bojeri, 73

pusilla, 428

CLEA.

borbonicum, 81

robusta, 429

SYNAPHLEBIUM, see DAVAL-

botryoides, 72

rupestris, 429

LIA and LINDSAYA.

brasiliense, 81

spectabilis, 430
Sprucei, 430

SYNGRAMME, see GYMNO-

brevipes, 84
ccespitosum, 83

subtrijuga, 430

GRAMME.

calvescens, 77

tenella, 428

T.ENICPSIS, see VITTARIA.

capillatum, 81

INDEX.

481

TRICHOMANES (continued),
caudatum, 85

TKICHOMANES (continued).
Lindeni, 86

TRICHOMANES (continued),
serratulum, 8

cavifolium, 81

lineare, 79

sinuosum, 78

cellulosum, 87

lineolatum, 73

Smithii, 84

Colensoi, 85

longicollum, 86

speciosum, 81

coriaceum, 78

longisetum, 87

sphenoides, 74

crinitum, 82

lucens, 79

spicatum, 72

crispulum, 75

lucens, 83

splendidum, 83

crispum, 82

Luschnatianum, 81

Sprucd, 87

cuspidatum, 73

Lyattii, 77

sublimbatum, 75

delicatum, 79

macilentum, 78

superbum, 78

dentatum, 86

macroclados, 86

tamarisci forme, 86

denticulatum, 82

Malingii, 66

tenerum, 85

diffusum, 76

mandioccanum, 86

fem*e, 84

digitatum, 76

Mannii, 75

Teysmanni, 76

dilatatum, 81;

Martinsii, 82

Thouarsianum, 76

dissectum, 82 maximum, 86

trickoideum, 85

Draytonianum, 81 meifolium, 86

umbrosum, 81

Dregei, 86 melanorhizon, 84

venosum, 82

elegans, 72 memtoanaceum, 73

Vieillardi, 81

elongatum, 86 Milnei, 81

vitiense 74

Endlicherianum, 80 rninutum, 75

Vittaria, 84

emarginatum, 81 Motleyi, 73

Weddellii, 87

erectum, 80 mv.scoides, 75

erosuin, 75

nanum, 77

TRICHOPTERIS, see ALSO-

exaltatum, 86

nanum, 72

PHILA.

eximium, 81
exsectum, 85

neilgheriense, 74
nitidulum, 76

TRICHOSORUS, see Aiao-

Filicula, 81

obscurum, 86

PHILA.

filiforme, 87

olivaceum, 81

TKISMERIA, see GYMNO-

flabellatum, 76

opacum, 87

GRAMME.

flavo-fuscescens, 86

Pabstianum, 75

floribundum, 84
foeniculaceum, 87

pallidum, 80
palmatnm, 76

TROCHOPTERIS.

fosniculaceum, 88 palmatifidum, 76

elegans, 436

gemmatum, 87
giganteum, 87

parvulum, 75
pellucens, 82

UGENA, see LYGODIDM.

glauco-fuscum, 80
Godmani, 74

peltatum, 73
Petersii, 74

VAGINULARIA, see MONO-
GRAMME.

Griffithii, 81

pinnatum, 84

ffenzaianum, 75
heterophyllum, 72

pinnatifidum, 78
plicatum, 81

VITTARIA.

holopterum, 78

Plumula, 82

acrostichoides, 401

Hookeri, 75

polyanthos, 86

anodontolepis, 395

Hostmanniarmm, 84

Powellii, 76

bisulcata, 395

humile, 80

Prieurii, 86

elongata, 395

hymenophylloide?, 81

proliferum, 76

ensiformis, 395

iricisum, 78

ptilodes, 79

falcata, 395

iusigne, 81

pumilum, 86 Feei, 395

intermedium, 86

punctatum, 74

filifolia, 396

intramarginale, 79 pusillum, 77

flexuosa, 396

javanicum, 83 pyxidiferum, 81

Forbesii, 396

Kapplerianum, 75 quercifolium, 77

Gardneriana, 395

Kaulfussii, 79 racemulosum, 81

guineensis, 396

Kirlcii, 78

radicans, 81

intermedia, 395

Krausii, 77

reniforme, 73

isoetifolia, 395

Kuuzeanuni, 81

reptans, 74

Karsteniana, 396

Lambertianum, 83

rigidum, 86 lineata, 396

late-alatum, 81

Kobinsoni, 77 loricea, 396

Idtemarginale, 79

saxifrayoides, 75 minor, 395

Lechleri, 81

scandens, 85 Moritziaua, 395

Lenormandi, 75

Schaffneri, 75 owariensis, 395

Leprieurii, 87 Schmidtianum, 81 plantaginea, 395

a p

482

INDEX.

VITTAKIA (continued),
remota, 39.6
rigida, 395
Kuiziana, 396
sarmentosa, 396
scabrida, 395
scolopendrina, 396
stipitata, 395
stricta, 396
tenera, 396
zeylanica, 396
zostersefolia, 395

WOODSIA.

andina, 48
Burgessiana, 48
caucasica, 47, 450

WOODSIA (continued),
elongata, 47
fragilis, 47, 450
glabella, 47
guatemalensis, 47
hyperborea, 46
ilvensis, 46
incisa, 48
lanosa, 47
Lyallii, 48
manchuriensis, 48
mollis, 47
obtusa, 48
oregana, 450
Perriniana, 48
peruviana, 48
polystichoides, 48

WOODSIA (continued),
scopulina, 450
sinuata, 48
Veitchii, 48

WOODWAEDIA.

angustifolia, 189
areolata, 189
ffarlandii, 1 89
japonica, 188
orientalis, 188
radicans, 188
virginica, 188

XlPHOPTEEIS,
DIUM.

see POLYPO-

As botanical names take precedence according to the date of their publication, we
give, in accordance with the suggestion made in De Candolle's recently published " Laws
of Botanical Nomenclature," the precise dates at which the different parts of this work
have been issued : —

Part

1 page
o

10

1 to 32, July 24, 1865.

33 — 64, Dec. 11, 1866.

65 — 112, Jan. 22, 1867.
113 — 160 ditto.
161 — 208, July 8, 1867.
209 — 256 ditto.

257 — 304, Oct. 4, 1867.
305 — 352, Nov. 8, 1867.
353 _ 402, Jan. 29, 1868.
403 — 482, April, 1868.

AND SONS, PRINTERS, GREA.T QUEEN STREET, LONDON, W.C.

TAB. I.

Fig. 1. PLATYZOMA. — a, portion of a frond ; 6, pinnae (underside) ;
c, fertile pinna laid open, showing veins and a sorus ; d, capsule.

Fig. 2. GLEICHENIA. — a, § Eugleichenia ; 6, sorus of ditto ; c,
§ Mertensia ; d, sorus ; e, capsule.

Fig. 3. THYRSOPTERIS. — a, sterile, and 6, fertile pinnules ; c, sorus
and involucre ; d, the same cut through vertically ; e, capsule.

Fig. 4. CYATHEA. — a, fertile pinnule ; b, sorus and involucre ;
c, involucre from which the capsules have fallen.

Fig. 5. HEMITELIA. — a, § Amphicosmia j b, § Euhemitelia ; c, sorus,
with the scale-like involucre.

Fig. 6. ALSOPHILA. — a, fertile segment ; b, sorus cut through
vertically ; c, capsule.

Fig. 7. DIACALPE. — a, fertile pinnule ; b, sorus, witli perfect invo-
lucre ; c, the same, with the involucre bursting open ; d, capsule.

Fig. 8. MATONIA. — a, segments, with 2 sori ; 6, c, single sori,
covered with the involucre ; d, involucre laid open, showing the
sorus ; e, ditto, the sorus removed ; /, capsule.

Fig. 9. ONOCLEA. — a, b, sterile segment of § Struthiopteris ; c,
fertile pinna of ditto ; d, single fertile pinnule, enclosing the sori
and involucres, (§ Euonoclea has free venation.)

Fig. 10. HYPODERRIS. — a, portion of a fertile frond ; b, sorus and
involucre.

Fig. 11. WOODSIA. — a, § Euwoodsia ; 6, involucre ; c, § Physe-
matium ; d, sorus and involucre of the same.

Fig. 12. SPH^EROPTERIS. — a, fertile pinnule; b, sorns and stalked
involucre ; c, ditto, seen from the underside.

Tab. L

Etch., Mi.

A5ncent Brooks ,Irap ,

TAB. II.

Fig. 13. DICKSONIA. — a, b, § Balantium ; c, § Patania,

Fig. 14. DEPARIA. — a, fertile segment ; b, single sorus and invo-
lucre ; c, ditto cut through vertically.

Fig. 15. LOXSOMA. — a, fertile segment ; 5, sorus and involucre ;
c, ditto cut through vertically ; d, capsule and accompanying hairs.

Fig. 16. HYMENOPHYLLUM. — a, fertile portion ; b, sorus and invo-
lucre ; c, ditto cut through vertically ; d, capsule.

Fig. 17. TRICHOMANES. — a, fertile portion ; b, c, sori, involucres,
and columella or receptacle ; d} capsule.

Fig. 18. DAVALLIA. — a, a, § Humata ; 6, sorus, the involucre
forced back ; c, § Eudavallia ; d, § Microlepia ; e, § Loxoscaphe.

Fig. 19. CYSTOPTERIS. — a, fertile pinnule ; b, sorus covered by the
involucre ; c, sorus with the involucre forced back.

Fig. 20. LINDSAYA. — a, § Eulindsaya, — Gen. 20 bis. Fig. 20. b. c.
Dictyoxiphium, upper side, the sorus forced back showing the one-
lipped involucre ; c, small portion of the same, the sorus removed.

V Fig. 21. ADIANTUM. — a, fertile pinnule (in a few species the vena-
tion anastomoses) ; b, involucre forced back to show the sorus situated
on the involucre.

Fig. 22. OCHROPTERIS. — a, fertile portion ; b, involucre forced
back to show the sorus at the base of the involucre.

Fig. 23. LONCHITIS. — a, fertile portion ; b, single sorus.

Fig. 24. HYPOLEPIS. — a, fertile portion ; 6, single pinnule, with
sori.

Tab. II.

Fitch, Mi

"Wnceat Brooks , "Imp .

TAB. III.

Fig. 25. CHEILANTHES. — a, fertile pinna ; b, portion of the same,
one involucre turned back.

Fig. 26. CASSEBEERA.— a, fertile pinna ; b, portion of the same,
with sorus.

Fig. 27. ONYCHIUM. — a, fertile segment ; b, portion of the same,
with involucre turned back.

Fig. 28. LLAVEA. — a, barren segment ; b, portion of the fertile
frond ; c, the same, unrolled.

Fig. 29. CRYPTOGRAMME. — a, segment of barren frond ; b, segment
of fertile frond ; c, section of the same, unrolled.

Fig. 30. PELLJSA. — «, pinnule of § Platyloma ; b, portion of the
same.

Fig. 31. PTERIS. — a, 6, § Eupteris ; c, § Heterophlebium ; d, e,
§ Pcesia ; f, occasional double involucre of the same ; g, § Campteria ;
h, § Litobrochia ; i, § Amphiblestra : all, portions of the frond selected
to show both fructification and venation.

Fig. 32. CERATOPTERIS. — a, b, portion of the fertile frond ; c, sec-
tion of the same, unrolled ; d, e, capsules j /*, spores.

Fig. 33. LOMARIA. — a, barren pinna ; b, fertile pinna ; c, the same,
with the involucre partially unrolled.

TaAJfl.

Vincent Br ooke, Imp .

TAB. IV.

Fig. 34. BLECHNUM. — a, fertile pinna, with sori remaining on one
side, cleared away from the receptacle on the other.

Fig. 35. SADLERIA. — a, fertile pinnule ; b, portion of the same
enlarged.

Fig. 36. WOODWARDIA. — a, fertile pinnule ; b, portion of pinnule
of § Lorinseria.

Fig. 37. DOODIA. — a, b, portions of fertile pinnae.

Fig. 38. ASPLENIUM. — a, § Euaspleniuui ; b, c, § Darea ; e, § Athy-
rium ; d, f, § Diplaziurn ; g, § Anisogonium ; h, § Hemidictyum :
all, portions of the frond to show the fructification and venation.

Fig. 39. ALLANTODIA. — a, portion of fertile pinna, with outer
veins ; 6, inner half of the same enlarged.

Fig. 40. ACTINIOPTERIS. — a, entire frond ; b, fertile segment ; c, the
same, with the involucres rolled back.

Fig. 41. SCOLOPENDRIUM. — a, § Euscolopendrium ; b, § Anti-
gramme ; c, § Schaffneria ; d, § Camptosorus ; portions of the frond,
to show fructification and venation.

Fig. 42. DIDYMOCHL^ENA. — «, fertile pinnule ; b, single sorus,
enlarged.

TaJb.N.

cent \nrooxs

ks Imp.

TAB. V.

Fig. 43. ASPIDIUM. — a, b, § Polystichum, fertile pinna and sorus ;
c, § Cyrtomium, portion with sori ; d, § Euaspidium, with sori. '

Fig. 44. NEPHRODIUM. — a, 6, § Eunephrodium, fertile portions ;

c, d, § Lastrea, fertile portions.

Fig. 45. NEPHROLEPIS. — a, fertile pinna ; b, sorus ; c, portion of a
fertile pinna, showing the venation.

Fig. 46. OLEANDRA. — a, fertile portion of a frond.

Fig. 47. FADYENIA. — a, sterile (but proliferous frond), much
reduced ; b, venation of the same ; c, fertile frond, much reduced ;

d, portion of the same, magnified.

V
Fig. 48. POLYPODIUM. — a, § Eupolypodium, fertile segment, and

b, small portion of the same magnified ; c, § Phegopteris, portion of
fertile pinnule, and d, smaller portion of the same magnified ; e
§ Goniopteris, fertile portion ; f, § Cyrtomiphlebium, fertile portion ;
g, § Phlebodium, fertile portion ; h, § Goniophlebium, fertile portion ;
i. § Craspedaria, fertile portion ; j, § Campyloneuron, fertile portion ;
k, § Niphobolus, fertile portion, and I, branched and stellated hairs
from the same j ra, § Phymatodes, fertile portion ; n, Dipteris, fertile
portion ; o, § Dictyopteris, fertile portion.

Tab.V.

YmcentBrooks.Imp .

TAB. VI.

Fig. 49. JAMESONIA. — a, portion of a frond, seen from above ;
b, fertile pinna, seen from beneath ; c, jointed hair from among the
sori.

Fig. 50. NOTHOCHL^ENA. — a, 6, fertile portions ; c, smaller portion
of a more magnified.

Fig. 51. MONOGRAMME. — a, § Eumonogramme, fertile portion ;
b, transverse section of the same through the sorus ; c, § Pleuro-
gramme, fertile portion ; d, small portion of the same magnified,
and showing the venation.

Fig. 52. GYMNOGRAMME. — a, § Eugymnogramme, fertile pinnule ;
6, § Stegnogramme, fertile portion ; c, § Dictyogramme, fertile por-
tion ; d, § Syngramme, fertile portion ; e, /, § Syngramme, sterile
and fertile portions.

Fig. 53. BRAINEA. — a, b, sterile and fertile portions.
Fig. 54. MENISCIUM. — a, 6, fertile portions.

Fig. 55. ANTROPHYUM. — a, 6, fertile portions, showing the sori
sunk in a groove ; c, fertile portion, with the sori not sunk in a
groove.

Fig. 56. VITTARIA. — a, § Euvittaria, fertile portion ; b, c,
§ Tseniopsis.

Fig. 57. T^JNITIS. — a, fertile pinna ; 6, magnified portion, showing
the venation.

Fig. 58. DRYMOGLOSSUM. — a, sterile and fertile frond ; b, portion
of the fertile, and c, portion of the sterile frond magnified.

Fig. 59. HEMIONITIS. — a, § Euhemionitis, fertile portion ; b,
§ Anetium, fertile portion.

Tah.VI.

Rtdi.Jith.

"Vincent Brootelmij

TAB. VII.

Fig. 60. ACROSTICHUM. — Portions selected to show venation and
fructification of

§ Elaphoglossum, a, b.

§ Polybotrya, c, d, e.

§ Stenoehlsena, ft g.

§ Egenolfia, h, i,j.

§ Rhipidopteris, k, I.

§ Olfersia, m, n, o.

§ Aconiopteris, p, q.

§ Stenosemia, t, u.

§ Soromanes, r, s.

§ Chrysodium, y, z.

§ Gymnopteris, v-x, aa, bb.

TabVIL

Rteh.lith.

Vincent Brooks, Imp .

TAB. VIII.

Fig. 60. ACROSTICHUM. — § Hymenolepis, cc, portion of barren
frond j dd, ee, portions of fertile frond. § Photinopteris, ff, portion
of barren frond ; gg, hh, fertile portions.

Fig. 61. PLATYCERIUM. — a, barren portion ; b, section, showing
part of patch of fructification.

Fig. 62. OSMUNDA. — a, pinna in part barren and in part fertile ;
b, pinna entirely fertile ; c, detached capsules ; d, spores.

Fig. 63. TODEA. — a, 6, § Eutodea, portion of fertile and detached
capsule ; c, d, the same of § Leptopteris.

Fig. 64. SCHIZ^EA. — a, fertile segment ; c, fertile pinna ; 6, d,
detached capsules ; e, spore.

Fig. 65. ANEMIA. — b, entire frond ; a, portion of barren frond,
with simple venation ; c, fertile portion ; d, detached capsule ;
e, § Anemidictyon, barren portion.

Fig. 66. MOHRIA. — a, barren portion ; 6, fertile portion ; c,
detached capsule.

Fig. 67. TKOCHOPTERIS. — a, entire tuft ; b, entire frond ; c, fertile
portion ; d, detached capsule.

Tab.VJIL

Yincen.bBrooks,Inap .

TAB. IX.

Fig. 68. LYGODIUM. — a, portion of barren frond ; b, d, portions
of fertile frond ; c, § Lygodictyon, barren portion.

Fig. 69. ANGIOPTERIS. — a, cluster of capsules; b, pair of capsules
and section of frond ; c, single detached capsule.

Fig. 70. MARATTIA. — a, 6, portions of frond, with a single multi-
locular receptacle ; c, vertical section of receptacle.

Fig. 71. DAN^EA. — a, portion of fertile frond ; 6, section of recep-
tacle ; c, spores.

Fig. 72. KAULFUSSIA. — a, portion of fertile frond ; b, c, detached
receptacles ; d, spores.

Fig. 73. OPHIOGLOSSUM. — a, complete plant ; b, barren portion ;
c, fertile portion ; d, spores.

Fig. 74. HELMINTHOSTACHYS. — a, nearly complete plant ; b, portion
of barren frond ; c, d, portions of fertile frond.

Fig. 75. BOTRYCHIUM. — a, complete plant ; 6, barren portion ;
c, fertile portion ; d, spores.

Teh IX.

i J

•

i VS.

YincerLl Brooks, Imp,

1 n 4

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