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4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.
_ 254.0 ——________
Sr NOP S LS
or
AMERICAN WASPS.
BY
Dr. HENRI DE SAUSSURE,
OF GENEVA, SWITZERLAND.
SOLITARY WASPS.
) WASHINGTON:
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
DECEMBER, 1875.
d
i ein eA eee oa
rn
ADVERTISEMENT.
Tue present publication is the first part of a Synopsis of
American Vespide or Wasps, prepared by Dr. Henri De Saus-
sure of Geneva, Switzerland, one of the highest living authorities
on the subject.
This work relates to the ‘‘ Solitary Wasps,” and has been the
result of many years of careful study and patient investigation.
Unforeseen events have occurred to delay its publication, in addi-
tion to the loss of time occasioned by the necessity of transmit-
ting the proofs and revises to the author in Europe.
In the introduction will be found suggestions by the distin-
guished author as to the philosophy of points of natural history,
well worthy the attention of the general students of this branch
of science, and the whole work will doubtless be considered a
valuable addition to the sources of knowledge on entomology.
The Institution acknowledges the important aid rendered in
the translation of the work into English, its careful preparation
for the press and the revision of the proof-sheets, by Mr. Edward
Norton of Farmington, Conn., whose services have also been
acknowledged in the annexed dedication by the author.
JOSEPH HENRY,
Secretary S. I.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Wasuineton, December, 1875.
PHILADELPHIA
COLLINS, PRINTER.
(il )
DEDICATION.
To Mr. Epwarp Norton.
Sir :—
I am desirous of dedicating to you this first attempt to draw
up a Hymenopterological Fauna of North America. The un-
flagging interest you have kindly taken in this work emboldens
me to hope that you will accept my offering.
The readiness with which you placed at my service your col-
lections, and the assistance of your valuable instructions, were
already sufficient claims to my gratitude. Your kindness in
taking upon yourself the task of translator makes me feel more
strongly the extent of my obligations to you.
It is for me a subject of regret that my imperfect acquaint-
ance with the English language has not permitted me to relieve
you from the trouble of this work. Had I been capable of
composing this book’ in the idiom in which it is to appear
before the public, the many hours of enjoyment I have had in
writing it would not be contrasted with the many tedious hours
it is likely to occasion you.
Beside the peculiar charm which the study of nature ever
possesses, the drawing up of this monograph has wafted me in
thought to those regions of the New World which have, since I
was a child, allured me with an irresistible spell. While conning
over my insects, many a remembrance has loomed before my
mind, and transported me to those thought-inspiring and soul-
stirring scenes of your magnificent country. As a Swiss, I felt
( iii )
iv DEDICATION.
a secret pride in reflecting that its institutions are analogous
to those of my own dear country, and that the grandeur of its
physical scenery and the intellectual life which animates all
classes of its people, have their counterpart in Helvetia.
For me it is a source of satisfaction to be able to contribute,
in my humble sphere, to the extension of the physical knowledge
of that part of the American continent, whose natural riches
we are daily more and more able to appreciate, thanks to the
untiring zeal of its scientific men.
I trust, sir, you will deign to read these lines with an indul-
gence equal to the sincerity with which they are addressed to
you, and that you will see in them a pledge of my gratitude and
devotedness. :
HENRI De SAUSSURE.
GENEVA, SWITZERLAND, 1 May, 1863.
PREFACKH.
I PUBLISHED in 1852 my Monograph on the Solitary Wasps;}
which forms the first volume of my Studies on the Family of the
Vespide.? As soon as that work was printed, I perceived that
it was very imperfect.
T was still a mere student when I composed the greater part
of this book; it bears too evident marks of its premature publi-
cation. I consequently felt the necessity of correcting and com-
pleting it by means of a Supplement which occupies the greater
part of the third volume of the Studies on the Family of the
Vespide. This, however, was insufficient.
To the imperfections in the MS. of the work, attributable to my
inexperience, were added those of the form. I had the misfortune
to fall into the hands of a printer who not only delayed for years
the publication of the work, but who also executed it in a shame-
ful manner, neglecting to make proof corrections, and printing
the notes in the midst of the text.
Having lost all patience with the delay and errors of the work,
I turned my back on the social wasps and started for America,
leaving to the care of my excellent and worthy friend, Dr. Siebel,
who had often aided me with his skill and advice, the task of
superintending the impression. Two years after, on my return
to Hurope, I found that only three or four sheets had been printed,
and that the third volume was only on the eve of being finished,
and it was not until 1857 and 1858 that the volume on the social
wasps was completed, by the appearance of the general part, in
which were developed the facts concerning the nidification of these
insects, of which a summary alone had appeared in 1853 and 1854,
in the explanation of the plates, and in a special paper. But
— ———$_______— ~ a —,
' Monographie des Guipes Solitaires. Gendve, Paris.
2 Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides, 3 vols. and atlas.
(v)
vi PREFACE.
during the three years, while the manuscript had lingered in the
hands of the printer, there had appeared a memoir, by Dr. Mobius,
on Wasps’ Nests, so that my work, at the time of its publication,
was in arrear of science.*
To these contingencies I must add the death of the artist M.
Vaillant,’ of so interesting memory, during the publication of the
first volume. The succeeding draughtsmen, by whom I replaced
him, were far from equalling him, and have often produced infe-
rior, sometimes even bad drawings.?®
It will be easily understood that all these vicissitudes have not
a little contributed to render the work defective. From the very
first, I have felt the necessity of recasting it. But as I could not
undertake fresh journeys to visit the collections in distant
centres, Paris, London, etc., I have adopted another method,
which consists in correcting and completing my studies on the
Family of the Vespide by means of successive memoirs, result-
ing from the study of collections, which are kindly communi-
cated to me.* All these works, together, will perhaps enable
me one day to recompose a general work. An excellent oppor-
1 When, at length, the work was completed by the tardy appearance
of the general part of the 2d volume, Mr. Gerstacker spoke of this general
part in his annual report on the progress of Entomology (Troschel’s
Archives), calling it, 1 know not for what reason, the commencement of a
fourth volume. He reproached it disparagingly for not noticing recent
works. True it is, he could not guess that it was an old laggard which
had been some years in press.
2 Mr. Vaillant was the artist attached to the scientific exploration of
Algeria.
3 ‘The drawings of the Pl. XVI, of Tome I, are in particular very bad.
4 I have thus composed the following memoirs, forming, as it were, a
supplement to my Studies on the Vespide :—
1. Description de quelques nouvelles Especés de Vespides du Musée de Lon-
dres. (Revue de Zoologie, VII, 1855.)
2. Nouveaux Vespides du Mexique et de l’ Amérique septentrionale. (Revue
de Zoologie, IX, 1857.)
2, Note sur la Famille des Vespides. (Ibid., X, 1858.)
4, Note sur les Polistes Americains. (Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1857.)
5. Description de quelques Vespides nouveaux. (Ibid., 1857.)
6. Bemerkungen tiber die gattnug Vespa. (Entomol. Zeitung von Stettin,
1857.)
7. Sur divers Vespiaes Asiatiques et Africains du Musée de Leyden. (Ibid.,
1862.)
PREFACE. Vil
tunity of extending my studies on the Wasps offered itself when
the Smithsonian Institution was pleased to commission me to
establish the,fauna of the Hymenoptera of North America. I
was already in possession of numerous materials for the drawing
up of such awork. J had brought from that continent considerable
collections, the fruits of my explorations in West India, Mexico,
and the United States. I had likewise acquired collections of
Hymenoptera in my passage through this latter country, of Mr.
Rathvon (Lancaster, Pa.), Mr. Fuch (Tennessee), and others.
Prof. Haldemann kindly made me a present of the remnants of
his splendid collection, unfortunately almost destroyed. ‘To these
materials which I had got together as I went along, there came
to be added later, the collections which the Smithsonian Institu-
tion forwarded me from different regions of the United States.’
But I owe a special mention to my friend Mr. Edw. Norton, of
Farmington, Connecticut, an excellent entomologist, who afforded
me the most valuable assistance for the work to which these
lines serve as an introduction, and who with extreme kind-
ness offered to undertake the translation of this volume himself.
Finally, I have, moreover, received some parcels of insects direct
from divers friends, especially from Tennessee, from Engineur de
Freudenreich Falconnet, Engineer on the Nashville Railroad,
and since then Major in the Confederate Army; from California,
through Mr. Berton, Swiss trader at St. Francisco, and by Mr.
Sutter.
Notwithstanding all these contributions, the collections which
I myself brought from America still form the staple of my mate-
rials; but these subsequent additions are very useful complements.
I, therefore, avail myself of this opportunity to thank publicly
1 Hymenoptera from Rock Island, South Illinois, collected by Kennicott.
i u from Illinois, collected by Walsh.
es s from Lake Superior, collected by L. Agassiz.
ae ne from Williamstown, Massachusetts, collected by S. H.
Scudder.
Ut Mt of the Cape St. Lucas, California, collected by Jolin
Xantus.
ue sf from Rio Peros River, collected by Capt. Pope, U.S. A.,
and various other Hymenoptera collected at Fort
Tejon, California; English River, ete.
The first five collections had been formed by individuals in the interest
of science; the others by explorations carried on by order of government.
Vill PREFACE.
all the above-mentioned persons for the assistance which they
have kindly afforded me. Among them I ought to name espec-
ially, Prof. Henry, as director of the Smithsonian Institution, and
Prof. Baird, who have always shown me the greatest kindness.
I ought, however, to inform the reader that, notwithstanding so
much help, the work does not contain all the species of America.
I myself possess divers individuals, which, without offering
characteristics distinct enough to be described from one indi-
vidual, nevertheless betray the existence of species yet unknown.
Moreover, the larger part of the smaller species seem till now to
have baffled the researches of collectors. I do not hesitate to
affirm, that, had I been able to collect undisturbedly in the United
States, I should very likely have brought back from that country
a number of small species as considerable as that which I have
brought from Mexico.
But it is in the natural progress of science to advance gradu-
ally towards completeness; and consequently, it is the lot of
books of science to grow old and become obsolete; and thus, in
their turn, to give way to more complete works. I do not, there-
fore, consider this monograph, incomplete as it may be, without
its use. I am not one of those who suppose it possible to
exhaust a subject of investigation. On the contrary, I am of
opinion that in entomology, as well as in the other branches of
science, nothing perfect, nothing absolutely complete, ean he
accomplished, seeing that everything in nature is undefined. The
naturalists who think the contrary, and who are induced constantly
to put off the publication of their labors from believing they
shall wholly complete them, sueceed but too often in losing the
fruits of their studies; either because their writings grow oid
while lying by, or because the authors are overtaken by death.
The proper method in the study of nature is not that of per-
fection, but, on the contrary, that of approximation. Because
from approximation to approximation, we are always getting
nearer exactness and completeness, without ever attaining extreme
perfection. In that precisely consists the progress of science, and
that also it is which gives to its horizon the depth of infinitude.
PREFACE. ix
The foregoing was written some years ago. In 1865 the
manuscript of the memoir was sent to the Smithsonian Institu-
tion.
Its publication was at first delayed by the pressure of other
matter, then by an unfortunate fire which embarrassed the finances
of the Institution, and lastly the slow delays below mentioned.
The book has been in the press several years, in consequence
of the great loss of time caused by the transmission of the proofs
from Kurope to America, and vice versa.
In consequence of this long period of waiting, I have been
obliged to make a review of the manuscript in reference to the
writings of various entomologists, especially those of Mr. Cresson,
which have been published from year to year, and have changed
the names of the species which I had described and have adopted
the names given by this author. I have not been able, however,
to take account of the more recent writings of Mr. Cresson, on
the Hymenoptera of Texas, which only came to my knowledge
when the printing of this book was almost finished.
The reader will excuse certain irregularities, consequent upon
the difficulty of putting a work into perfect symmetry which was
to be printed on the other side of the Atlantic. Hence the author
has never had but a part of his work before his eyes at a time,
during the long course of this publication. For example, it will
be noticed in the synonymy that my work, ‘‘ Etudes sur la Famille
des Vespides” is sometimes cited “‘ Ht. Vesp.,” sometimes only
“Vespides.” So with the ‘Revue et Magazine de Zoologie,” it
is sometimes cited ‘Rev. et Mag. de Zoolog.,” and sometimes
simply “ Rev. de Zool.”
The larger part of the book was written in French, and has
been translated and corrected by Mr. Edward Norton. I owe
to this naturalist also various communications and frequent send-
ings of insects, which have been of great use to me.
H. De SAUSSURE.
INTRODUCTION.
I Propose in this volume, not to give a general history of the
Wasps of America, but only to lay the foundations of the fauna
of the Vespide of that continent, principally of North America.
I leave aside whatever concerns the habits of these insects, on
which we have but insufficient information, and I shall confine
‘ myself to speaking of them with respect to the genera or species
which offer salient peculiarities.
This work is not to be taken for a mere catalogue of species,
of no further use than to satisfy curiosity. I think that modern
zoology ought to tend towards another aim. The existence of
species, the composition of fauna, their relations with the parts
of the globe which they populate, are not merely accidental facts.
In my opinion, we must therein detect the last material and tan-
gible manifestation of physiological forces, elucidating the study
of which belongs to the domain of the highest natural philosophy.
By him who adopts this view of the subject, a far-searching study
of species ought to be considered as one of the bases from which
the search after the origin of species may start.
It would seem that in zoology we should take for a startine-
point the actually existing forms in which life manifests itself, and
to ascend from them up to the primitive stock; just as in geology,
we start from the actual existing structure of rocks and from the
external configuration of the soil, to follow up the concatenation
of the ancient events which have brought about as a last result
the present state of the earth’s crust.
The study of species ought especially to serve as a means of
revealing to us their variations and the affinities between them.
These affinities point to a common relationsh ip, which is to be
explained only by a direct affiliation of the types. The study of
| | (xi )
xii INTRODUCTION.
forms combined with that of their geographical distribution, comes
afterwards to throw light on the cause of the filiation which the
graduated resemblances of the species serve to reveal to us. It
shows that this filiation obeys laws which have also their regu-
larity, in so far as they are intimately connected with the physical
laws which hold sway in every region of our globe.
Toward these grand philosophical queries, zoology ought
in our time to tend, and species should be studied with a view
to the solution of such questjons. As in geology, the study of
the actual existing state of the earth’s crust, and the appreciation
of the phenomena that there take place, of the intimate trans-
formation of rocks, of the mechanical disturbance of the layers,
of their reconstruction under new forms, allows us to draw an
inference by analogy as to the more aucient transformations, and
the agents which have produced them; so the study of species,
and of their actual existing transformations seems likely to enable ~
us to follow up the chain of these transformations to a point more
or less close to their origin.
The definition of the first divergences observable in the perma-
nent varieties which may be considered as nascent species, in
order to ascend afterwards to the relationship of species separated
by divergences more and more profound, such is, we deem, the
point of view under which we should never neglect to study
species.
Zoology, only when considered from this point of view is
philosophical. It has not its aim in itself; it serves only as a
means to sift questions of a higher order. Now entomology is
precisely the one of the branches of zoology, in which the study
of the filiation of species may become the most fruitful in results,
either on account of the multitude of ramifications of general
types and of the multiplicity of forms under which each type
appears, or on account of the smallness of the breaks which sepa-
rate genera and species, or also on account of the immense variety
of forms and of the facility with which species seem to become
modified in proportion as they spread over the surface of the
globe in diverging ways. Thanks to all these causes, it is not
difficult to find examples of every kind of filiation, not difficult
either to follow over latitudes certain still recent modifications
which allow us to draw an inference by analogy as to other
INTRODUCTION. xiii
modifications more profound because they are more ancient, than
as to others of a degree still more advanced.’
As may be anticipated from what precedes, my principal pur-
pose in producing this work is to study the American fauna with
a view to its origin. But this is a work of time which can-
not be completed off-hand. ‘The first thing to be done is to
study the species carefully, to arrange them according to a good
classification, and to describe their affinities. That is the funda-
mental preparatory labor. Ido not pretend to overstep those
limits in this monograph. The knowledge of the American
fauna is not yet enough advanced to allow us to draw an infer-
ence with certainty as to the affinities of the species among
themselves so as to prejudge their filiation. However, I have
made more than one remark on this topic, and I will hazard a few
words on the matter when speaking of genera and species. But
I reserve for another work the statement of comparisons which
seem to me to cast some light on the dispersion of the Vespide
on the surface of the globe and on the modifications which have
been worked off under diverse latitudes; in other terms, on the
origin of actual existing fauna.
The complex affinities of species, and still more the filiations
which arise from these affinities, become obvious to the eye only
when one has acquired a perfect knowledge of the species and
genera of a fauna. ‘To seize them in all their extent, it is neces-
sary to know, as it were, all the species of the group by heart
in order to be able to take it in at a glance, or to examine at
pleasure each part in the picture that one has formed in one’s
memory. Only when one has attained this point in the study of
a group, is it possible, from the inspection of a species, to feel
its affinities; for they do not always appear in the more easily
1 Unfortunately, in our times the greater number of entomologists have
deviated too far from this philosophical path. They have turned ento-
mology into a sort of amusement which has for object the discovery of
new species; which loses itself in minutie, and at the bottom of which
there exists no thought. Thanks to this tendency, collecting has ceased
to be the means, and has become the object. In becoming an amusement
entomology has gradually lost caste; it has fallen into the hands of daw-
Alers, and thus lost a part of its scientific character. This transformation
has led men, who aim at reaching an elevated rank in science, to be too
much inclined to withdraw from the field of entomology.
XIV INTRODUCTION.
appreciable characteristics. They often discover themselves in
certain characteristics of appearance, which are at times of great
importance, but which are not setzed at a glance, or in certain
relationships of form, which a long practice teaches one to dis-
tinguish easily, though they can scarcely be defined.
The first basis of philosophical zoology is the profound knowl-
_edge of the detail of fauna. To give as complete an idea as
possible of the fauna of the Vespipz of America is the purpose
of this volume.
PLAN OF THE WORK.
The plan which I have decided on, in drawing up this work, is
the following :—
I give, as much as possible, a complete description of the
species which belong to the fauna of North America, considering
as such all those which people the new continent to the north
of the isthmus of Panama, including likewise the Antilles. This
work is, therefore, more especially a monograph of the Vespidz
of the United States, of Mexico, and of the Antilles. Besides, I
have added, as a complement, a catalogue of all the species
known till now in the rest of America, and have found it a great
advantage in the classification, the method thus becoming more
complete. Moreover, this plan allows me to enunciate views on
the geography of insects, on the dispersion of the species, and on
the modifications which take rise under the influence of diverse
latitudes.
I have confined myself, among the species of South America,
to cataloguing them, not having sufficient materials to make a
monograph. However, for those of which I had the types
beneath my eyes I have given Latin diagnoses, in order to
describe them in a comparative manner with respect to the
surrounding species, and, also, in order to complete my anterior
studies on these insects, to review them and render the use more
easy. ,
I think myself bound to add here, that, as to my method of
description, I describe the species as far as possible in a relative
manner. Descriptions made in an absolute sense have always
appeared to me less useful, because they insist on many useless
characteristics and often omit the most important. The reader
INTRODUCTION. XV
will not be surprised, therefore, at my not repeating, with respect
to genera, the characteristics peculiar to every species or to the
greatest number of them. In short, there are still other charac-
teristics which I pass over, considering them rather useless either
on account of their constancy (such as the presence of silky hairs
on the tibise) or on account of their variableness, such as the color
of the lower surface of the abdomen.
Descriptions are often made prolix by means of these super-
fluous indications, and thus the essential characteristics are
drowned in useless developments. In this way, precision. is
diminished instead of being increased. Doubtless, here again
nothing is.absolute. Certain isolated species may be sufficiently
characterized by some salient traits, while others surrounded by
very closely connected species, require minute descriptions.* The
first condition of good comparative diagnoses resides in a wise co-
ordination of the species which by way of exclusion may lead to
choosing only between a small number of species. Though I do
not like to find fault, I cannot, however, on this score, help com-
plaining of the works in which the species, though described in
an absolute manner (that is, by themselves and not comparatively
with others) are jumbled up together without order, without
division of genera, often in defiance of the most salient character-
istics.
Such works, got up in a hurry, the plans of which are laid
down with a view to the convenience of the authors and not for
that of the readers, cause the latter to lose much valuable time
with no great result. They do not come up to the precision now
required by the progress of science, and they are therefore behind
their time. The reader cannot occupy his mind with incomplete
works, nor can he waste his time in striving to find out species
which are notto be found out; for there is no doing impossibilities.
In most of my descriptions, I have been especially attentive to
the forms and characteristics of the forms and carving, attributing
1 Absolute and very detailed descriptions ought, in my opinion, to be
employed, when one describes species isolatedly, without knowing the
most closely connected types (for instance, in the publication of geogra-
phical expeditions). It isthe monographer’s duty to eliminate, from these
descriptions, both the commonplace and the useless. But in a mono-
graph, the species are to be examined in a comparative manner, and rela-
tively to the adjacent types.
xvi INTRODUCTION,
to the color only a secondary importance, on account of its fre-
quent variableness. However, there is nothing absolutely fixed
in nature; the forms and the sculpture likewise vary within
certain limits. Therefore the descriptions can be only averages
deduced from a certain number of individuals. The description
should represent, as it were, the algebraical formula of the
species, or its ideal type. It is not required that this should tally
with the individual, but, on the contrary, that it should represent
the average of the characteristics of the ensemble of individuals.
But in practice, the description can never be so perfect, since it
is drawn from a certain number of individuals and not from the
ensemble of the individuals that represent the species. It is for
the reader to know how to seize the connection that exists between
the description and the heterogeneous individuals which he
may have beneath his eyes. Ina word, my method of description
aims above all at generalizing, and requires that the reader should
generalize likewise. It can hardly suit the amateur inclined to
lose himself in a multiplicity of details, for whom the collection
takes the place of nature, and for whom the determination of an
individual is the final purpose of the study of a species.
From the principles just laid down, it follows that in the extreme
subdivisions of genera, I have usually preferred the characteristics
taken from the form to those taken from the color. Undoubtedly
it is less convenient for the reader, for the natural method is
always less easy to follow than the empirical systems; never-
theless, I think that it is preferable to proceed in that wise, for
whatever may be done to seek the natural method, a large portion
of empiricism is sure to remain, as I shall endeavor to show in
the study concerning the filiation of the species. We cannot,
therefore, abstain too carefully from classification of empirical
elements.’ .
1 It is necessary to observe on this head that no absolute rule can be
laid down as to the subordination of characteristics. To be sure, forms
varying less than colors, they offer, in general, characteristics more im-
portant than the latter; but there is, however, now and then a case in
which the colors are more fixed than certain forms, and assume a real
importance—for instance, as being the stamp peculiar to a certain geo-
graphical zone. Thus, the division Hypodynerus (genus Odynerus), which
depends greatly on the colors and facies, and which eomprises the most
divergent forms. In this case, the livery becomes the stamp of a fauna,
INTRODUCTION. XVii
DIVERSE OBSERVATIONS
CONCERNING THE
STUDY OF HYMENOPTERA IN GENERAL AND THAT OF THE
VESPID& IN PARTICULAR.
Observations relative to the Synonymy.
Ist. [ make it a rule always to respect the most ancient name;
however, if it is wrongly constructed and if it can be rectified
without inconvenience, I do not seruple to correct it. Thus I
spell Rhynchium instead of Rhygchium Latr.—Odynerus Bus-
tellost instead of O. Bustellos Sauss., ete.
2d. When two different names have been affixed at the same
date to the same species, I prefer that of the two which has been
employed by the next subsequent author.
ad. I add the name of the author of a species only to tts specific
mame. Consequently when the genus changes, I nevertheless
maintain for the species the name of the author who first named
it. Thus, I write: Odynerus 4-dens Lin., although Linnzus has
described this species under the name Vespa 4-dens.
Montezumia Leprieurw Spin., although Spinola has described
the species under the name of Odynerus Leprieurit.
Otherwise no author’s name would long keep its ground;
besides those who act differently do so in order to substitute
their own names for that of the primitive describer. Such a
proceeding cannot be too strongly censured.
Let it not be said that there are drawbacks to the advantages
of that nomenclature, for if it be desirable to know the complete
name as given by the first author, it will be found, such as it is,
in the synonymy.
4th. I admit neither collection names, nor manuscript names,
nor ¢ dedéeris names, I admit for author’s name only the name
“of him who has first described the species or genus.
Any other manner of acting becomes the source of profitless
research and of waste of time. Whoever is anxious to aflix his
and is very important. In the succession of species it is generally observed
that the colors vary much, even when the forms remain fixed (or vary
less); but there are other cases in which it is color that remains stationary
whilst the forms vary.
B
XVill INTRODUCTION.
name to a species that another has the task of describing, may
for this purpose publish previously a short diagnosis under his
name in any journal.
Observation relative to the Types in Description.
In insects in general, the female represents the type of the
species. Though, in exceptional cases, the male may be the
larger, the more beautiful, and at times with unusual appendages,
he remains always more variable than the female. Among the
Hymenoptera, the males have hardly any other part to play than
a passive one; the other sex it is, which alone develops that
remarkable activity which manifests itself in the interesting
habits of these insects. The females are larger and more
stable in their forms and colors. The slightest examination
renders it apparent that it is among the females the type of the
species is to be sought for, and by no means among the males.
In the Vespide, especially among the Solitary Wasps, the males
are small and variable; at times, one would be inclined to con-
sider them as abortions; they do not offer as good differential
characteristics as the females, and they are to be determined
only by the tentative method in referring them ‘de visu” to their
Tespective females.
There exists a number of species of which the males resemble
each other so far as not to be distinguishable. This may be seen,
for instance, among certain Odynerus, but it is especially among
the Scor1a that this phenomenon appears in all its intensity.
There is a whole category of species in the genus Zlis of which
the females offer differences the most extreme, but of which the
males are so confounded that they cannot be distinguished from
each other. What is most remarkable on this score is, that these
species are to be found spread over every continent, and that
each continent numbers several of them. Thus:—
America: lis plumipes, limosa, trifasciata, dorsata, ete.
Africa: Elis collaris, capensis, elegans, africana, fascia-
tella, ete.
Asia? Elis thoracica, annulata, marginella, limbata.
Australia: Elis radula, Z-cincta, etc.
Europe: iis villosa.
INTRODUCTION. xix
Some of these species may doubtless be distinguished by their
size (27. villosa), or by the examination of their wings (ZH. Z-
cincta); but in most cases, if it is not known where they come from,
there is no possibility of determining them, not even of referring
by sight to their females.
The same fact may be noticed in a very developed state among
other species of Klis which present another system of coloring,
and which forms a part of the subgenus Triznis. Thus the
Elis interrupta (Kurope)—texensis (Texas)—Xantiana (Cali-
fornia),
though offering females very different from each other, coincide
in the males.
I do not pretend to affirm, however, that all these males are
perfectly identical. I only mean that they are so close neighbors
that I have not succeeded in finding between them differential
characteristics which appear to distinguish them.
The preceding will suffice to show that the femaie ought, at
all events, to be taken as type of the species.
Preparation.
In a great many collections, it is usual to spread the wings
and legs of the hymenoptera. This is mere amateur’s work, of
no utility for study, sometimes even quite opposed to the purpose
in view, by dissimulating the character of the insects instead of
exposing it to view. ‘This practice is to be regretted, moreover,
by its increasing the value of the insects, on account of the time
and expense wasted thereby, so that one is loath afterwards to
place them in the softener when it becomes necessary to dissect
the mouth.
It is usual with me to prepare each of my insects only when
about to study them, because by so doing I can, after having
softened them, give them whatever arrangement may be best cal-
culated for bringing into relief such special characteristics as are
particularly useful in the group to which it belongs. As the use-
ful characteristics are not the same in each group, the preparation
ought to vary according to the species. Of the Hpipona % the
mandibles are to be opened, the legs to be stretched downwards,
so that it may be possible to examine distinctly the haunches and
thighs; of the Odynerus $, approximate to the group of Q.
XxX INTRODUCTION.
nasidens, the antenne are to be lengthened out, in order to judge
of their terminations, ete.
For almost all the Solitary Wasps, but particularly for the
Odynerus, it is essentially necessary to be able to distinguish
clearly the characteristics of the metathorax. Now this cannot
be effected otherwise than by separating the wings in @ trans-
verse direction or rather downward, and by bending the abdomen
downward as far as possible, the basis of which will, by this
means, become at the same time easy to study. This posture is,
evidently, very different from that given to the insects by spread-
ing them out. I can affirm, that, whenever one has neglected to
give the insect this posture, the metathorax and the abdomen
present themselves under the most delusive aspect, and may give
rise to the most serious misconceptions. As to describing an
Odynerus properly without having taken this precaution, it is an
impossibility. One may, if need be, bend downwards the abdo-
men without softening the insect; but then, if the wings are
directed backwards, even obliquely, they are enough in the way
to produce delusive appearances when the magnifying glass is
used.
These observations, true especially for the Odynerus, apply
likewise to all the sessile ventrated or semi-pedicellated Vespide.
On the Determination of insects.
There are two manners of proceeding, for the determination of
insects. One is analytical, the other synthetical, the former
employed by amateurs, the latter by naturalists. The first method
consists, when having taken an individual insect, in turning over
the leaves of a book in search of the name of the species till one
supposes to have hit on the description. This method seldom
leads to certainty, often to error.
The second method requires a collection as numerous as possi-
ble in individuals. To procure it, the entomologist ought before
all things to devote his efforts to a persevering and active chase
after specimens. The greater the number of the representatives
of each species, the more certain the determination will become.
In difficult performances, we must always begin with the more easy
and proceed from the simple to the complex. We must, there-
fore, start by separating the most salient and most easy genera to
INTRODUCTION. xxi
study them first. Afterwards we must continue by way of climi-
nation. As it is for the difficult genera, that it is especially
important to adopt a good method, let us choose, for instance, the
genus Odynerus and its approximates; it surely will answer our
purpose thoroughly. Let us suppose that the pedunculiventrated
genera have already been separated and that we have remaining
only the sessiliventrated, say the genera Alastor, Monobia, Plero-
chylus, Odynerus. 3
First we will exclude the Alastor, by the process of viewing
of the wings. Scarcely any other will remain than the Odynerus
and the Monobia; their species will at first appearance strike
one as an inextricable jumble.
For the moment, we will not trouble ourselves about the
Monobia, which are rare and southerly species. We will, there-
fore, begin by confining ourselves to setting aside the Ancistro-
cerus and the Symmorphus, characterized by the suture of the
first abdominal segment, and we can then enter directly on the
study of the species. But even here we will advance as far as
possible without the assistance of books.
The next operation consists in sorting out the males and females
in order to occupy ourselves exclusively with the latter. With
a little practice this separation proceeds rapidly, since the males
of the northern regions are distinguishable mostly by their
entirely yellow clypeus. For whatever may concern the excep-
tions (either from the females offering the same character, or from
the males not offering it) one has still as object of consultation,
the form of the antenne, organs which in most males are more
generally terminated by a hook or a spiral. At last, as a final
resource, and as an infallible means, we remove all doubts by
counting the number of abdominal segments. The % have only
1, the 2 only 6.
We will first occupy ourselves only with the ? and will group
the individuals by species on small boards. This is a work of
time and patience. ‘l’o succeed, we will make use of every
appreciable characteristic, even of the most empirical ones. In
sorting out in this manner, the colors are always of the greatest
assistance because they are obvious to the eye. One must, as
much as possible, subordinate the importance of the spots to ¢
graduated order, in beginning with the most fixed and character-
xxii INTRODUCTION.
istic, as for instance the spots on the scutellum and of the post-
scutellum. Thus :—
Range together all the species with post-scutellum alone yellow.
: és “ és ‘“ scutellum alone spotted yel-
low.
scutellum and post-scutellum
both spotted, ete.
ce / se te c “ce
Then come the anterior and posterior borders of the prothorax;
then the stripes of the abdomen, the spots of the metathorax, ete.
Thus you come to form more species than are really existing,
every variety becoming a species; but, no matter, the work of
reducing will at last arrive and will be easily carried through
when species shall have been studied and known, as it were, by
heart.
Then we may look into books and try to determine each species’
while having, beneath one’s eyes, the ensemble of individuals.
Here we can get on only by groping about a long time in
uncertainty. Often after comparing these similar individuals we
shall detect two species which at first had been confounded.
The determination can be carried on by two inverse proceed-
ings. After having sorted out apart by one’s own observations
the greater number of species, the entomologist often knows them
already sufficiently to guess to what species such and such a
description belongs. He can, therefore, either start from a species
and seek the description which suits it, or start from a description,
and in passing in review his series seek to what species this de-
scription is adapted. Moreover, these two manners of proceeding
verge into each other repeatedly, when one has beneath one’s
eyes, a large ensemble of well-separated species. Indeed, when
making use of the first proceeding, one often falls into the second,
for one is often struck with the description of such and such a
salient character which one recollects having observed in a species.
Thus the search after one species leads to the determination of
another. The work hastens along with accelerated motion and
leads to results the more certain as each species is represented
by a larger number of individuals comprising most of the possible
1 For this purpose short descriptions, i. e., diagnoses, which may at
once be committed to memory, are very useful.
INTRODUCTION. XXill
varieties. In this entirely empirical labor, any process, even
expedients are allowable.
Nevertheless, when one gets to the groups, in which the species
lie close together, one is often puzzled, and there remains no way
of exclusion.
Once the females determined, proceed to an analogous: sorting
out and grouping of the males by species. Attribute to each
female species its respective male, beginning by the more easy
and proceeding always by way of exclusion. ‘This is a tentative
work, in which one succeeds satisfactorily only when familiarized
with a group which is being studied.
As to separating at the outset the Monobia from the Odynerus,
the Symmorphus from the Ancistrocerus, the Odynerus from the
Epipona, that cannot be done without being well acquainted with
these groups so as to place therein at once the insects according
to their facies. If one is not far enough advanced to do so, this
separation will result quite naturally from the work of determi-
nation; nevertheless, to distinguish the Jonobia, it will be neces-
sary to dissect the mouth.
With that operation, we may finish, because we shall have no
more to seek but among a small residue of species, whereas had
we begun by establishing that distinction, we should have been
obliged to dissect the mouths of all the Odynerus which have been
excluded from this operation by the mere fact of their determina-
tion. A work of determination made according to this manner
of proceeding will afford synoptical views that alone will permit
one to appreciate the true relations of species. Better than any
other, it will prepare the entomologist to give comparative
descriptions taken from a general point of view which will not
lose itself in worthless details.
ee
ANALYTICAL TABLE.
Faminry VESPIDZ . : 6 ¢ ‘ : 4 5 :
Tribe MASARINE . 3 6 A é : A é
Gen. Trimeria Sauss. . , d ;
Gen. Masaris Pub. 3 C 4 C
Tribe OpYNERINZ . “ 5 ; : A ;
I. The Anomalipennes . : ; ; ; . - F
Gen. Gayella Spin. . : : : - : “ ‘
II. The Normalipeunes . : anata
Legion I. The Zethites . 7 ° - °
Gen. Zethus abr... : : F 3
Division Zethus (sensu strictiore) . :
Division Heros : C
Division Zethusculus 5 , 4
A. Antenne of the males terminated by a rolling-up
spiral 6 : : ° . . .
a. Petiole presenting a nodulous or ovoid expansion
b. Swelling of the petiole cylindrical
* Metathorax not excavated . : .
** Metathorax excavated; the excavation mar-
gined with sharp carine
{ Thorax short, quadrate or rounded
tt Thorax elongate, attenuated anteriorly, ellip-
tical . : ° : : : :
B. Antenne of the males terminated by a hook .
a. Species having the appearance of the true Zefhus.
Head more wide than high; thorax short, not
being one anda half times longer than wide;
dilatation of the petiole elliptical or cylindrical,
a little contracted behind ; the second segment of
the abdomen in form of a globular bell
RB. Species which have more the appearance of Fu-
menes or Discelius. Head less inflated, less hol-
lowed out at the occiput; thorax of moderate
length ; petiole more as in the Humenes of Divi-
sion « .
( xxv )
29
39
Xxvi
ANALYTICAL TABLE.
y- Petiole quite linear, filiform, depressed, very much
elongate, as in Humenes of Division @. Facies
of a Calligaster . : . ° .
C. Species which I do not know, an of which the
antenne (% ) have not been described . :
Division Didymogastra Perty d : °
A. Antenne of the males terminated by a rolled spiel
B. Antenne of % terminated by a hook .
C. Species of which the section remains undetermined
Gen. Labus Sauss. : : : ‘ , : 3
Gen. Disecelius Lair. . : : ; : 4 : -
Legion II. The Odynerites . : ° : . ° :
Gen. Eumenes Fabr. . -
Division Pachymenes . : - , ;
1. Form rather lengthened; thorax longer than wide;
abdomen hardly depressed, the 2d segment not
campanular : . . ° . .
A. Petiole campanular, Eriniant above beyond the
middle, humped, the boss divided by a groove;
its extremity bordered by a salient band
a. Thorax rather compressed, lengthéned .
6. Thorax not compressed, moderately wide .
B. Petiole pyriform, depressed, less inflated above,
not divided by a groove . ° . . :
Division Omicron . : : . ° :
A. Thorax quite short, ae globular, larger:than the
pear of the abdomen; the 2d segment of this
wider than long (asin genus Tatua), wide-globular
B. Thorax a little more long than wide. The 2d seg-
ment of abdomen sometimes rather elongate
C. Thorax not so wide; longer than broad; not larger,
or even smaller than the pear of the abdomen.
(Form very much as in Division Alpha.) . :
Division Beta . ‘ . : ; : :
a. Mandibles short, pointed in si males; “|
rounded at tip, with separated small teeth in the
females : . : ° . : . °
b. Mandibles more elongate, not truncate, rather hooked
at tip, with strong teeth on the interior margin .
Division Alpha (Eumenes proprie dicti) . : : :
A. Large species, with black wings. The pear of the
abdomen rather depressed . ‘ 7 - :
B. Smaller species, with the abdomen more globular
or compressed. (Regular type of Division Alpha)
PAGE
42
43
45
45
50
51
56
58
59
59
60
61
61
62
63
66
68
69
75
§3
88
88
96
92
93
95
ANALYTICAL TABLE. XXxVil
a. Wings smoky, with violet iridescence ° 5
b. Wings transparent or yellowish . , : ;
* Second abdominal segment without lateral yel-
low spots . . ; . . . °
** Second abdominal segment with a yellow spot
on each side (sometimes wanting ip variety)
*** Second abdominal segment having on each
side a yellow fascia, or a complete transverse
yellow band on its middle . °
c. Species of uncertain origin . : . : ;
Division Zeta . 5 é ° 5 : . :
Gen. Montezumia Sauss. . : ° C - ; :
Division Antezumia. Head flattened before. Abdomen
pediculate. (Appearance nearly like some Pachy-
menes ) 3 “ ° : . ° . -
Division Metazumia “ ; : - ° A :
Division Montezumia (propr. dict.) - : - :
1. Abdomen pediculate é 6 : : .
2. First segment of the abdomen subsessile ‘ :
A. Thorax moderately lengthened, first abdominal
segment funnel-shaped, convex, divided by a
feeble groove. Vertex somewhat swollen
a. Wings transparent or ferruginous . : :
b. Wings obscure, smoky, fuscous or black . -
* Body more or less ferruginous : : °
** Body quite black . : : - . -
B. Head strongly dilated on the vertex behind the
eyes. Thorax much lengthened. First segment
of the abdomen depressed or flattened above
and divided by a very distinct groove . .
Division Parazumia : : : é 3
Division Pseudozumia . : 3 : ° : -
Gen. Monobia Sauss. . ; : : 7 : : A
Division I 4 : : : ° : . . :
A. Metathorax bispinose . : . < . .
B. Metathorax rounded, unarmed 5 : . :
Division II : : . : : : A -
A. Abdomen conical; the first segment wide and trun-
cate. Hinder portion of the metathorax bordered
by trenchant ridges and armed on each side with
a dentiform angle , ¢ : : .
B. Abdomen ovalo-conical; the first segment more
rounded, less truncate, less sessile. Metathorax
rounded; its concavity not bordered above by
trenchant ridges . , . ‘ ; .
—_
wy)
ho
XXVlii ANALYTICAL TABLE.
a. On each side of metathorax a dentiform angle .
b. Metathorax without distinct spiniform angles.
C. Abdomen slightly fusiform, enlarging as far as the
extremity of the 2d segment; the lst segment a
little funnel-shaped, divided by a feeble longitu-
dinal groove. Thorax lengthened .
Gen. Nortonia Sauss. . . . : . 2 : .
Gen. Rhynchium Lair. “ . - : : :
Gen. Odynerus Lair. . . : ° : , : :
Definition of the subgenera. - ° ° ° ;
Subgenus Symmorphus Wesm. . : : ; : ;
a. Segments 1-4 of the abdomen bordered with yellow
b. Segments 1, 3, 4 of the abdomen bordered with yellow
c. Segments 1, 2 only, of the abdomen bordered with
yellow . : : .
Subgenus Ancistrocerus Wesm. . 7 : : ;
Division Ancistrocerus (properly speaking) . . :
Table to assist in the determination of the species of
Ancistrocerus . : . . . =
I. Metathorax having its concavity angulate, bondage
all around by trenchant ridges. .
A. Form lengthened, slender - °
B. Form still lengthened, but less slender
C. Body more gathered, normal, but the thorax
still sensibly longer than wide .
a. Metathorax destitute of strong spines .
5b. Metathorax having two strong spines . .
D. Form very stubbed. Thorax cubical, nearly
as long as wide. ; . : :
II. The concavity of the metathorax for ms no distinct
lateral angles . 2 : . ‘
A. Posterior face of metathorax remaining mar-
gined, but without distinct angles. Body
slender, elongate . ° . . :
a. Post-scutel strongly truncate : - .
b. Post-scutel not truncate, angulate posteriorly
B. Metathorax not distinctly marginate. Body
not slender, of normal form
a. Abdomen nearly conical. The border of the
2d segment not reflexed. Body velutinous
PAGE
134
137
137
139
142
143
149
151
152
153
155
6. Abdomen more ovalo-conical; the border of ;
2d segment rugose orreflexed . . ;
ANALYTICAL TABLE,
c. Abdomen not as sessile; its first segment
distinctly narrower than the second, which
* ig in the shape of a hawk’s bell, with a
reflexed margin. Metathorax not excavated
in the form of a wide cavity, but of a wide
channel . r : 2 - : z
Division Stenancistrocerus , , ; ; :
Table to assist in the determination of the species of
Division Stenancistrocerus 3 ‘ ;
1. Formlengthened. Metathorax prolonged norizon-
tally behind the post-scutel, then truncate ver-
tically, etc. C 2 é : : F ;
2. Form very slender. Metathorax not so distinctly
produced behind the post-scutel; its con-
cavity large, etc. . C C - ; :
A. First segment of the abdomen rather funnel-
shaped or bell-shaped, truncate anteriorly .
B. First segment of the abdomen in form of a pro-
longed bell, rather squarely-rounded, about
as wide as the second segment, not con-
tracted before . ° ° ° ° °
a. First segment sharply truncate anteriorly .
b. First abdominal segment more rounded ante-
riorly, rather like a square bell
3. Form slender, but the abdomen: sometimes slender,
sometimes ovoid, especially among the %.
The first segment cupuliform, narrower than
the 2d, having the suture indistinct, often
presenting a transverse fluting bordered by
two traces of sutures. Concavity of the
metathorax generally small, its borders in-
distinct . : : : : : :
a. Suture of the first abdominal segment rather
strong; excavation of the metathorax some-
what distinctly margined . . ‘ ;
b. Suture of the first abdominal segment not so
, Strong. Excavation of metathorax having
its edges rounded, without precise limits .
Division Hypancistrocerus : : ; - ‘
Division Ancistroceroides : : ; . :
Subgenus Odynerus Zatr. (sensu strictiore) . :
Division Hypodynerus . ‘ : ;
Table to assist in distinguishing the species of the Divi-
sion Hypodynerus . . . . ° .
XXIxX
PAGE
188
189
191
192
206
XXX ANALYTICAL TABLE.
PAGE
I. First segment of the abdomen bell-shaped, pyri-
form, uniformly a little comb-shaped. Appear-
ance of Montezumia : F : : . 218
II. First segment of the abdomen offering an ante-
rior and a superior face separated by a sort of
transverse ridge or swelling (the true Hypo-
dynerus) : : : : : : s a
A. Form lengthened; first abdominal segment
small, nodiform or pedunculiform, very much
narrower than the 2d; its anterior face in a
lengthened triangle. : . ° - AD
B. Form shorter, wider; first segment wide on its
posterior border; its anterior face in the
form of an equilateral triangle and a little
pedicellate; its superior face large . . 222
a. Wings rufous along the anterior band . - 222
b. Wings fuscous, with violet iridescence . 224
C. Form very wide, short and depressed, first seg-
“ment very wide; its anterior face sessile, in
the form of a wide triangle; its superior face _
very short, 3-4 times as wide as long - 225
D. Form also quite chubby, but not so much
depressed ; metathorax rounded, flat or con-
vex behind, smooth, without marginal edges;
first segment of the abdomen very short; its
superior face transverse-linear. (Appearance
of a Vespa.) : : : : - ee
Division Pachodynerus . ‘ : : : . 228
Table to assist in distinguishing the species of the
Division Pachodynerus : - : : . 229
Ist Section.—Thorax cubical (at least among the
males) or square, lengthened. Abdomen coni-
cal; the first segment very large, as wide as
as second . : : 230
A. All the segments except An first border with
yellow ‘ ’ ‘ : ; < oe
a. Metathorax forming a lateral angle on each
side . . ; : : ; : .. aon
6. Metathorax rounded, not forming on each side ;
a dentiform angle . - 3 236
B. All the abdominal segments aaaiiaed with yel-
low orrufous . ‘ ; q ; . 237
a. Superior edges of metathorax not sharp . ST
6. Superior edges of metathorax sharp. . 238
ANALYTICAL TABLE,
C. Only the first two abdominal segments margined
with yellow. (The 3d and 4th sometimes
indistinctly marginate. ) ‘ ° ‘
2d Section.—Form more lengthened; thorax length-
ened square or retracted behind. Abdomen
less conic, more cylindrical or depressed ,
a. All the segments of the abdomen, except the
first, bordered with yellow :
b. Abdomen varied with black and rufous
Division Odynerus . ; : , ° - é C
Table to assist in distinguishing the Division Odynerus
and Stenodynerus, with regard to Pachodynerus
Table to assist the determination of the species of Divi-
sion Odynerus . : : : : :
Section I.—Post-scutel sharply ikniiates its trans-
verse edge often crenulate. Abdomen conical
or ovate-conical; the second segment not
strangulated at base; the first segment in-
cluding it very naturally . . ° °
1. Posterior plate of metathorax angulate, forming
on each side a lateral dentiform angle-
A. Concavity of the metathorax polygonal, mar-
gined with straight or arcuate ridges,
which form at their meeting a sharp angle.
The superior lateral edges superiorly ter-
minating in a tooth or eminence, sepa-
rated from the post-scutel by a deep
fissure, or by anotch . ° eee ae
a. Ridges of the metathorax very salient; its
posterior face excavated
* Posterior margin of 2d and 3d apaapntial
segments reflexed : ° :
** Posterior margin of 2d and 3d mbar
segments not reflexed, but impressed
and rough . s : = -
6. The hinder face of metathorax more flat-
tened; its superior edges not so salient
* The superior ridges forming two elevated
spines behind the post-secutel
** The superior edges of metathorax very
slight, only forming behind the post-
scutel two very small teeth ‘ .
KXKI
PAGE
240
252
252
XXXll ANALYTICAL TABLE.
B. Metathorax as in Section A, but the superior
edges of its hinder plate not so much
elevated, no longer forming, in the
females, distinct teeth behind the post-
scutel, etc. “
a. Metathorax excavated ; one straight
b. Metathorax more flattened; the superior
edges roughened, not acute
C. Hinder plate of metathorax no longer mar-
gined superiorly by sharp edges; lateral
angles still existing . ° ° : :
2. Posterior plate of metathorax orbicular or more
or less rounded, not forming on each side
a distinct dentiform angle. . . :
A. Posterior plate of metathorax still margined
with sharp edges, salient in its superior
part, and forming on each side at the
summit a tooth or elevation, separated
from the post-scutel by a fissure (some-
times very small). : 5 5
a. The concavity deep, excavated, with sali-
ent ridges. Abdomen conical; its base
sharply truncate . - . .
6. Posterior plate of metathorax less exca-
vated; its marginal edges but slightly
salient, although still sharp. Abdomen
ovate-conical, slightly attenuated at base
B. Posterior plate of metathorax no longer mar-
gined with sharp ridges, and not forming
post-scutellar teeth = : :
a. Posterior plate of metathorax much exca-
vated, margined with salient, blunt, and
rough edges . . 5 5 °
b. Posterior plate of wietathorae more flat-
tened; its margins rounded and pune-
tured. : ; . ° é
Section II.—Body yet stubbed, not slender, nor jie
drical. Abdomen not conical, but still ses-
sile; the lst segment smaller than the 2d,
as strongly or more strongly punctured than
the 2d; the 2d constricted at base to fit into
the first and more or less deformed; having
its margin very strongly canaliculate and
reflexed, and more or less swelled before
the channel . : : : : .
PAGE
265
265
281
281
281
285
290
290
292
ANALYTICAL TABLE. XXXlii
PAGE
A. Metathorax not narrowed below, much exca-
vated, with very sharp edges; post-scutel
bituberculate; abdomen quite deformed . 297
B. Metathorax triangular, narrowed posteriorly,
not so much excavated, with sharp supe-
rior ridges. Post-scutel not crested. Second
abdominal segment channelled and reflexed,
scarcely swollen : ; ‘ ; « 299
Division Stenodynerus . F . p mau
Table to assist in the deeariuinaltion of the Stenodynert 304
I. Metathorax having its posterior plate superiorly
terminated by two erect teeth, or by au erect
crest . : ° : : -. 3809
A. Metathorax not prolonged tewelia the post-
scutel, but truncate at its apex, posteriorly
excavated, angulate on each side; the supe-
rior edges of the posterior plate terminating
in two erect spines, which are separated from
the post-scutel by deep fissures. é - 309
B. Metathorax truncate, excavated; superiorly
margined by an arcuate ridge, rather crenu-
late, separated on each side from post-scutel
by a fissure . é ° ° ° - + oLG
C. Form not very slender. Metathorax produced
horizontally beyond the post-scutel; then
vertically truncate; the post-scutel quite
enveloped by it posteriorly, not reaching up
to the edge of the posterior face of metathorax ;
the posterior face of metathorax superiorly
terminating in an erect crest, parted by a
fissure. Vertex in 9 having two pilose tu-
bercles . . . : . . ; a eee
II. Metathorax not forming erect spines or crests
behind the post-scutel. Its superior face not
produced behind the post-seutel. This last
not posteriorly truncate, but angular, Post-
scutel generally yellow, scutel usually black 312
1. Body slender, cylindrical. Concavity of the
metathorax wide, sometimes rather dis-
tirctly limited. First abdominal segment
bell-shaped, rather elongate,widely rounded
anteriorly, sessile or subsessile. Thorax
rather elongate, vaulted, subcylindrical . 312
XXXIV . ANALYTICAL TABLE.
PAGE
A. Metathorax slightly prolonged under the post-
scutel beyond it, being truncate before;
its concavity margined with sharp edges,
nearly angulate on each side
Abdomen slender, cylindrical; first seg-
ment as wide as the second. Body vel- -
vety . : : . . . .
B. Metathorax scarcely, or not distinctly pro-
oo
part
Co
duced under the post-scutel, beyond it .
Abdomen elongate, cylindrical, with the lst
segment as wide as the 2d, elongate; or .
ovoid-elongate with the lst segment a
little narrower, rounded : 2 : solo
* The Ist and 2d abdominal segments each
adorned with two yellow spots, or
fasciz beside their marginal fascia . 9513
** Only the second abdominal segment
adorned with two yellow spots which
are often wanting, principally in the
males : - : : : pred
*** No free yellow spots on the first two
abdominal segments : . mars 1
2. Form less cylindrical, not much elongated, the
thorax often short, and wide anteriorly,
contracted posteriorly. Metathorax more
convex, rounded; its fossette generally
small, but always distinct. Abdomen ovoid
or irregular, the first segment narrower than
the second, not truncate anteriorly, not as
sessile; second segment more swelled than
in the preceding, short and convex, con-
tracted at base to fit into the first . . doa
A. Form rather stouter, abdomen rather wide in
the middle, but yet attenuated before.
The fossette of the posterior face of meta-
thorax rounded, always distinct . - dad
a. Thorax but slightly adorned with yellow;
(sometimes quite black, with a yellow
spot under the wing); post-scutel quite
black or adorned with two yellow dots . 333
4. Anterior margin of prothorax adorned with
yellow, but not the posterior margin ;
the yellow fascia often bilobed or inter-
rupted. Fossette of metathorax large,
rather triangular, occupying nearly the
whole width of the metathorax . . 3o34
ANALYTICAL TABLE. KEKV
* Sometimes there are two little free spots
on the 2d abdominal segments
** No lateral yellow spot on the abdomen .
ce. Posterior margin of prothorax, and often
also the auterior margin bordered with
yellow. (Insects often velvety.) .
d. Prothorax quite yellow above. Scutel and
post-scutel yellow . ; ‘ :
3. Body elongate, slender ; the abdomen especial-
ly, veryslender. Metathorax convex, having
no longer a distinct excavation, but sooner
parted by a large groove, which separates
its two cheeks. Abdomen slender, spindle-
shaped; the first segment elongate, funnel-
shaped, sometimes subpedunculate - .
III. Metathorax not produced superiorly beyond the
post-scutel, convex; its hinder face parted
by a deep groove. Post-seutel truncate—
having a sharp edge . : - : :
A. Metathorax quite unarmed superiorly .
B. Metathorax armed superiorly with two tuber-
cles, sometimes very small : ; :
Subgenus Epiponus 5 : : : 2 ; : :
Division Antepiponus . : 5 : : A
Division Epiponus . : : : : - -
Appendix to the genus Odynerus : - . . < :
Gen. Leptochilus Sauss. . : : : : el FI
2 f
Bs es RS oe
vie OF ta -
ee,
es — ;
. =
sv? 8
ay
t
;
7.
?
a
— 5 : P ae, e ul
: = wv," - : = = —* 4
ee
tm
pe)
7
?
he
Exminia erbrraceneg Ouse. 9 Black; then clivaty Oth ith a
eee ofan 4 Hype, tere th gee abete mv —iffrr—
i att), evra afurd-
VY apr, SES Dea hey Pee) feel nit fence a
fone, ; Ge fore aU, pe ee
fe egret of CO ED, CUR ae OE mo.
: A ere anol
ARETE AIS la, RSE OG Pera J asf
~ ne es
ee cht oe ees acl
ZETHUS. 23
fine submarginal sulphur-yellow line on the 2d segment. The
antenne quite black.
%. Clypeus flattened, only delicately punctate-strigate, a little
trilobed in the middle of its inferior margin; metathorax not so
much hollowed posteriorly ; a little strigate on sides; the exca-
vation not margined at top; the lateral carine very sharp and
prolonged nearly down to the end, not obsolete beyond the angle ;
the lateral faces polished. The swelling of the petiole not so
oval, but more attenuated posteriorly; the second segment more
pediculate, so that it might be almost classed in the Division
Didymogasira.
The body is not clothed with golden silky hair, but only with
a little grayish pubescence on the metathorax and abdomen; the
face or clypeus not silvery as in Z. azlecus.
%. Antenne black; all the joints of the flagellum annulated
beneath at their base with pale-yellow; the first joint having its
macula near the end; the scape black. Clypeus broad, quad-
rangular, transverse, whitish-yellow, not silvery; its inferior edge
black, widely emarginate, with 2 distant teeth. ‘The intermediate
tibiz ornamented before with a white line, running over tlie first
joint of the tarsi.
Hab. Mexico, the eastern Cordillera. Orizaba (Mr. Sumi-
chrast).
This species has the appearance of Z Jurinez, because of its
oval petiole being posteriorly attenuated; and its black shining
color, but it is smaller; its petiole is not impunctate, polished,
ete.
b. Swelling of the petiole cylindrical.
* Metathorax not excavated.
1s. Z. Meydeni n. sp.—Niger, punctatus, tomento aureo ubique ves-
titus ; pronoto cristato-marginato, sed angulis haud spinosis; petioli
tumore cylindrico, subdepresso; corpore maxime fiavo-variegato;
abdominis segmentis omnibus tenuiter flavo-limbatis ; pedibus flavis,
femoribus nigro-variis ; alis pellucidis, venis ferrugineis.
*,. Mandibulis et clypeo flavis ; hoc in medio margine producto-truncato ;
antennis fulvis sub seapo fascia flava, apice cochleatis.
Total length, 16 mm. ; wing, 11 mm.
2. Insect slender. Head wider than high, densely cribrose.
Thorax densely cribrose; prothorax strongly flanged, but the
24 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
angles not spiny; post-scutel feebly bilobate; metathorax con-
vex, slightly divided by a simple furrow, strongly wrinkled—its
lateral edges sharply carinate. Petiole of moderate length, its
enlargement not being oval but in form of a tube slightly flat-
tened, a little compressed behind, punctured; the remainder of
the abdomen pear-shaped, the 2d segment bell-shaped, a little
pediculate, slightly funnel-shaped, offering a second distinct
border, not turned up at edge.
The whole insect of a shining black, everywhere garnished with
a pile of tawny hair; a transverse spot on the forehead, sinus of
the eyes, a spot behind each eye, a large border on the prothorax,
a spot under the wing, wing scales, two spots on the scutellum,
a band on the post-scutel, and two large spots on the posterior
face of the metathorax, vellow. Segments of the abdomen all
narrowly bordered with yellow; legs yellow, thighs varied with
black. Wings transparent, nervures ferruginous.
%. Clypeus yellow, convex, terminated by a truncate projec-
tion; mandibles yellow; antenne entirely orange or ferruginous,
only a little dull above; the scape marked with a yellow line;
the 3 last articles forming a rolled spiral.
Ress. a. diff.—This species is distinguished by the color of
its antenne, and especially by the form of its petiole. This form
resembles a little that of Z miniatus, but that has the angles of
the prothorax dentiform and the petiole more cylindrie and
coarsely cribrose.
The Z Heydent is much less coarsely cribrose than the Z.
Aztecus, Westwoodi, or chrysopterus, which it slightly resembles ;
and the exceptional form of the clypeus, %, also distinguishes it
clearly: for with these species the clypeus is large, quadrate, the
same as with the Z Jurinez, which is less punctured and has the
wings obscure. The enlargement of the petiole is also very much
more globular than among all these species.
Finally, this Zethus might be confounded with some one of |
those species described by Smith, and which we cite at the end
of the genus; but the author having omitted to indicate divisions
into which these species enter, or the characters which permit one
to classify them with precision, it is not possible to recognize
them with certainty. The 7 curinatus presents much the same
appearance, but it is very much smaller.
Hab. Brazil. (Museum of Senkenberg.)
ZETHUS. 25
This charming insect was communicated to me by Mr. de
Heyden.
%* Metathorax excavated ; the excavation margined with sLarp caring.
| Thorax short, quadrate or rounded,
14. Z. Olmecus n. sp.—Niger, thorace crasse, metanoto crassissime
foveolato-punctato; metanoto valde excavato, acutissime carinato ;
petioli tumore cylindrico, rugosissimo, carinato; mandibulis, clypeo,
punctis 2 frontalibus, 2 scutelli et 2 post-scutelli, margineque segmen-
torum 1', 2‘, flavis; pronoto rufo-maculato; femoribus posticis subde-
formibus.
Total length, 11 mill.; wing, 8 mm.
2. Smaller than most of the preceding. Head moderate,
covered with scattered moderate punctures. Mandibles widened
to beyond the middle; the cutting border oblique, having an
acute point, a rounded tooth, and an obtuse lobe. No transverse
carina above the antenne. The vertex having a little arcuate
depression behind the ocelli. Thorax short; prothorax attenuated
anteriorly ; its anterior border crested, the crest forming on each
side a little acute but not marginal angle, the anterior margin
being much narrower than the rest of the thorax; the lateral
parts of. pronotum not margined. Scutel rather salient; post-
scutel destitute of tubercles, quite truncate, having a posterior
face, punctate along its superior arcuated margin. Metathorax
quite angular in shape, as in some Odynerus ; its whole posterior
face occupied by a large and deep sericeous excavation margined
by very sharp and prominent carine, starting from the angles of
the post-scutel; the top of the carine separated from the post-
scutel by a fissure; the inferior extremity of the posterior carine
meeting the lateral sharp carine, and forming with them a sharp
angle; the upper side of metathorax divided into two triangles
included between the carinew. The thorax covered with very large
but not deep punctures; still larger on the metanotum, where they
are nearly little grooves. Petiole having its swelling cylindrical,
extremely coarsely punctured, the punctures very large and con-
fluent; the middle somewhat carinated by the rough sculpture,
the extremity a little contracted and with a large groove; on
each side in the middle an obsolete sort of a tooth; the anterior
extremity of the swelling truncate, polished. Second segment
subsessile, convex beneath at base, but not tuberculous; tenuously
26 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
punctured, but not more on its margin than elsewhere; the third
segment densely punctate; the following impunctured ; the first
margin of the 2d a little arcuate and depressed in the middle ;
the second lamellar margin of 2d and 3d segment growing a little
wider on the sides; that of the 3d rather transversely cut out in
the middle third. Posterior tibiz arcuated, a little deformed.
Black, with a very dull silky reflection, rather fulvous. Mouth,
mandibles, and clypeus, yellow, a little orange, or reddish at top
of clypeus. Scape and the end of flagellum beneath, yellowish
or tawny. ‘Two spots over the antenne, two lines on the vertex
starting from the eyes, and two lines behind the eyes, not marginal,
tawny. Both margins of prothorax and two spots on the lateral
margins of scutellum, yeliowish-tawny ; two spots on the edges
of post-scutel, the margin of petiole and a narrow yellow sub-
marginal line on the second segment, yellow; anterior feet more
or less ferruginous or yellow-tawny beneath. Wings subhyaline ;
veins brown; 2d cubital cell lengthened at base (on the side
looking to the base of the wing).
@. Clypeus rounded, densely and strongly punctured; a little
velutinous ; its inferior margin arcuate, not truncate nor emargi-
nate; its summit a little carinate. The head beneath and around
the mouth, post-sternum and anterior coxe, sulphur-yellow.
%. Clypeus a little wider, having the same shape and color as
in the 9. The oblique cutting border of mandibles with but 2
little notches. Antenne tawny beneath; the last two joints obtuse,
forming nearly a hook. Anterior tibix, tarsi, and thighs beneath
ferruginous; intermediate tibiz beneath and Ist, 2d, and 3d joints
of the tarsi beneath yellow; the 3d segment slightly margined
with yellow.
Var. Prothorax black, with its angles and two marks, tawny.
Hab. Mexico. The Oriental Cordillera. Orizaba (Mr. Sumi-
chrast).
Ress. a. diff.—This is a very distinct species in the remarka-
ble form of its metathorax and the rugosities of its petiole; quite
different from all other Mexican Zethus, except from clypeatus.
It differs by its more excavated metathorax, the excavation being
polished and more carinated, and by its prothorax, more rounded
anteriorly, not square shaped nor crested on the sides; by its
rougher petiole, carinated in the middle, ete. It has such
an extraordinary resemblance to Z. miniatus that it might be .
ZETHUS. 27
considered a Mexican variety of this; but it has the mandibles a
little less indented, the petiole a little thicker and shorter; the
lamella of 3d segment less cut out; and a less high coloration.
It approaches in the same way toward Z. lobulatus.
It differs from Z. toltecusby its short thorax, the carine of
metathorax which converge on each side to a sharp angle, ete.
Its appearance is that of a true Zethus.
Hlab. Mexico. ‘The Oriental Cordillera, Orizaba (Mr. Sumi-
chrast).
45. Z. minmiatus! Savss.—Parvulus, niger, caput et thorax mediocriter
profunde punctata; pronotum cristato-marginatum, angulis spiniformi-
bus ; mesonoti discus sulcis 2 profundis brevibus e scutello emergenti-
bus notatus; post-scutellum angulatum, margine postico subconcavo, et
in lateribus cristulis 2 (ut dentibus e seutelli angulis emissis) in-
structum; metanotum ferrugineum mazime exrcavatum, utringue crista
verticali e post-scutelli angulis emissa instructum ; petiolus cylindricus
rugosissime cribratus; secundo segmento globoso-dilatato, subsessile.
Caput fulvo sericeum, aurantiacum, fronte nigro; mandibulis et anten-
nis aurantiacis; pronotum, macule subalares et scutellares, aurantiaca;
abd. segmenta tenuissime flavo-limbata; ale secundum costam infus-
cate ; pedes antici et intermedii aurantii. Longit, 0.011 mm.
Clypeus 9 discoidalis, 4 subtruncatus; in utroque sexu aurantiacus.
Antenne % apice vix cochleate.
Zethus miniatus Sauss. Revue Zool. X, 1858, 64.
Hab. Para. (Typus in museo Saussuriano. )
16. Z. Lobulatus Savss.
Zethus lobulatus Sauss. Vespides, II, 116, 2, pl. vi, fig. 4, 9, 1854.
Hab. Brazil. Amazon.
tt Thorax elongate, attenwated anteriorly, elliptical.
1%. Z. Voltecus n. sp.—Niger, cinereo-sericeus, punctulatus; thorace
elongato, depresso, antice attenuato; metanoto crassissime foveolato-
punctato, 4-carinato, foveold quadrata inter carinas instructo; petiolo
cylindrico, rugosissimo ; 2° segmento subtus basi tubereulato; clypeo
transverso, rotundato; antennis subtus, mandibulis, capite subtus, linea
1 Perhaps a variety of the following, with the second eubital cell less
. retracted. In this the excavation of the border of the second segment
was probably due to an accident of nature.
28 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PARY I.
post-oculari, punctis 2 pronoti et scutelli, margine abdominis segmen-
torum 1°, 2°, coxis pedibusque anticis, flavis. 9.
Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 8} mm.
Head moderate, moderately punctured; the trenchant margin
of mandibles very obsoletely lobed. Thorax elongate and
depressed, polished, covered with delicate punctures, having a
tendency to strie, but the pleur covered with stronger scattered
punctures, much attenuated anteriorly and posteriorly ; its ante-
rior margin short, margined; the disk of the mesothorax flattened,
with two sulcose places at base; scutellum flattened, not divided by
a Sulcose basin, post-scutellum very small; metathorax elongate,
oblique, triangular, very coarsely punctured (or rather reticulate-
rugose); its lateral caring very sharp, the sides under the carine
polished, but a little reticulated near the carinz, posterior face
having two strong carine, starting from the angles of the post-
scutel, the extremities of which do not meet the lateral carine ;
the space between the middle carinz forming a square excavation,
rather widened posteriorly, polished, furnished with gray seri-
ceous hair, as also the terminal acute angles of metathorax,
behind the end of the middle carine.
Petiole (as in Olmecus) cylindrical, truncate and polished in
front, extremely coarsely punctured, very rugose, a little carinated
at base, the extremity marked with a semicircular groove, and
also constricted on each side. Second segment of abdomen
rather elongate, a little depressed, with quite delicate oblique
punctures ; the punctures beneath stronger, on the base swelled
tuberculously ; the first margin above slightly angular in the
middle, the subjacent lamina very salient on the sides but very
little in the middle; margin of the 38d segment arcuate, the
lamellar edge strongly and broadly cut out in the middle.
Black, furnished with silvery hairs (except on the head, where
they are yellowish); a line of them behind the eyes (but not
marginal) and a line or the scape, yellow; the flagellum of 2 be-
neath yellowish-ferruginous; two dots on the prothorax, two on the
scutel, margin of petiole and a filiform line on the upper margin
of the 2d segment, yellow; prosternum, anterior coxe, and legs,
yellow; intermediate knees and tibiz annulated with yellowish-
brown. Wings washed with brownish, with a golden reflection.
2. Clypeus in a rounded lozenge-shape, truncate at the top and ©
ZETHUS. 29
extremity, but without angles, delicately punctured-strigate.
Clypeus, mandibles, and the under part of the head, yellow.
Ress. a. diff.—This species has just the same form of head and
clypeus and just the same system of coloration as Z. olmecus ;
the petiole is also the same, but the thorax, lengthened, flattened,
very delicately punctured, the metathorax less excavated, with
not so salient earine, make it easy to distinguish. ‘The middle
earine of metathorax stop before reaching the lateral carine.
The appearance of the insect is quite different, and it looks more
like a Discelius (D. zonalis) than like a 4ethus; and this
appearance, due to the elongate thorax, distinguishes it also from
4. niniatus and lobulatus.
Hab. Mexico. Oriental Cordillera (Mr. Sumichrast).
B. Antenne of the males terminated by a hook.
a. Species having the appearance of the true Zethus. Head wider than high;
thorax short, not being one and a half times longer than wide; dilata-
tion of the petiole elliptical or cylindrical, a little contracted behind ; the
second segment of the abdomen in form of a globular bell.
18. Z. spimipes Say.—Medius, niger, nitidus, densissime et grosse
cribrato-punctatus; punctis 2 frontalibus flavis; clypeo lato, 9 nigro,
subbidentato, rugose cribrato; % punctato, albido, surpra nigro; antennis
© atris, % linea in scapo albido; abdominis secundo segmento minus
conspicue punctato, subpedunculato; petiolo inflato, campanulato, grosse
punctato, apice flavo-marginato.—Variat 9 % pronoto, lateribus, scu-
tellis, albido variegatis et abdominis secundo segmento margine albido.
Zethus spinipes Say, Bost. Journ. I, 1837, 387, 9.—Sauss. Vespides, III,
er iee| 10.
Humenes substricta Haup.! Proc. Acad. Phila. II, 1844, 54.—Sauss. Ves-
pides, III, 152, 42.
Zethus variegatus' Sauss. Vespides, I, 13, 9, 09,1852; Revue Zool. X,
1858, 66.
Eumenes pensylvanica Hany. Proe. Acad. Phila. 1853, 365, 4%.
Zethus bicolor Sauss. Vespides, I, 17, 16, 4.
2. Insect of medium size; ocelli disposed in a wide triangle.
Clypeus having the form of a transverse lozenge, twice as wide
as long; having the lateral extremities very sharp, and its ante-
' The collection, with bad locality marks, of M. de Rom&nd, has led me
into very many errors.
30 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.
rior border armed with two little distant teeth. Head extremely
dilated at the vertex, strongly excavated behind, wider than the
thorax. Thorax very short, not being one and a half times
longer than wide. Prothorax slightly retracted before, its ante-
rior margin bordered by a sharp projection, which forms on each
side an indistinct angle. Mesothorax carrying on its posterior
part four longitudinal furrows, and upon its anterior part one
middle groove. Scutellum divided by a sinus. Metathorax
offering a feeble concavity, wrinkled and striate. Petiole moder-
ately short, its expansion globular, having almost the same form
as in the Z. cwruleipennis, but less contracted behind and trun-
cate; the second segment globular-ovate, but depressed.
Insect black, polished and shining. The metathorax garnished
with a grayish pile. Clypeus, head, thorax, and petiole densely
cribrose with great punctures: this last carrying near its terminal
border a large sunken place. Abdomen sown with finer punctures,
sometimes very fine. ‘There is often a slight depression toward
the middle of the border of the second segment. A frontal dot at
the insertion of each of the antenne, the border of the prothorax
or only two spots upon the shoulders, often a spot below the
wing, a band or two spots upon the scutellum and the anterior
border of the post-scutel, and also two spots at bottom of the
metathorax, of a pale yellow. Margin of the petiole, and a
narrow border along the margin of the second segment, of the
same color. Feet black. Wings brown, with violet reflections.
%. Smaller. Clypeus wide, moderately rounded, not having
a lozenge shape, its inferior border straight, hardly bituberculate.
This part either wholly or only in its inferior moiety, whitish.
The seape of the antenna before, is ornamented with a whitish
mark; the terminal hook black; on the face is often a little
yellow dot at the side of the insertion of each of the antenne.
The third abdominal segment is often adorned with a whitish
border. This is the Z. substricta Hald. The female presents
the same variations.
Var. a. Scutels, prothorax, and two great spots on the meta-
thorax yellow (Z. variegatus, bicolor).
b. Often the scutels have hardly any spots, and the second
segment is scarcely edged with pale yellow (Z substrictus).
Markings sometimes ferruginous. '
c. Certain specimens are entirely black, with a little yellow
ZETHUS. 31
about the end of the petiole. These are the Z. spinipes Say ( ),
and the Humenes pensylvanica Hald. (% ).
d. Quite black; the clypeus margined with yellow (% ) (Mis-
souri; Edw. Norton).
The punctures vary quite notably among this species. The
head and the thorax are very coarsely cribrose; with the ?, the
clypeus is strongly rugose; the vertex often becomes shining
from use. Among the 9, the clypeus is less strongly cribrose.
The second segment is sometimes hardly at all, sometimes quite
strongly punctured. A specimen from Florida has the swelling
of the petiole very coarsely cribrose.
Ress. a. diff.—Wasily recognizable by its size, which is superior
to that of all the following species, and by its violet wings.
Hab. United States. Conn., Pa., Ill., Tenn., Ind., Fla. (14 &,
6%).
Nota.—As J have already said (loc. cit.), the description given
by Say is very defective, and calls for an interpretation. When
this author says: ‘‘Peduncle rather slender,” it is without com-
parison with the other species, the most of which he did not
know. The “piceous dentate band of the margin of the peduncle”
is but the subjacent double margins, which do not make it dentate
except in the color. The “posterior margin abruptly and
smoothly impressed of the 2d segment,” alludes to the subjacent
lamina on the border of the segment which are salient in almost
all the insects of this genus, and which appear like a more dis-
tinct border than the veritable margin of the segment, which has
the yellow band. By “ tibiz spinous behind,” the author means
without doubt the posterior extremity (which offers a very short
border) armed with stylets common to all the Vespides. (From
this the name spinipes.) Finally, the author says that the second
segment “has a distinct neck at base,” which signifies a very short
neck, for if it had been long, the word distinct was out of place.
This species is not then a Didymogastra, but really a true Zethus
(or Zethusculus), which makes us think, that it really is, without
any doubt, the present species
19. Z. spimosus Sauss. (Fig. 2, 2a.)—Parvulus, niger; capite, tho-
race et petiolo grosse percribratis ; clypeo integro, 2 nigro-sericeo, §
flavo; fronte carina transversa et linea flava; pronoti margine crista-
tissimo postscutelloque spinoso fascia flava; petiolo cylindrico, rugoso,
32 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
flavo-marginato; segmentis tenuiter flavo-limbatis ; secundo sericeo,
nitido, punctato; alis subhyalinis.
Zethus spinosus Sauss. Revue Zool. IX, 1857, 270.
Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 9 mm.
2. Small, excessively rugose. Head large, dilated and con-
vex, densely cribrose with great pits; face carrying a transverse
ridge, which covers the insertion of the antenne. Clypeus almost
transverse, convex, punctured, but much less rugose than the
head; covered with a pile of dull gray silky hair; its inferior
border entire; the middle of this border a little arched.. Thorax
all cribrose with large sunken pits resembling a sieve. Its ante-
rior border carrying a transverse rim in the form of a quite pro-
minent lamina, which prolongs itself a little at the sides, descend-
ing along the margin of the prothorax. Post-scutel armed in the
middle with a spiniform sharp and raised tooth, or rather, with a
spine. The concavity on the posterior truncated face of the
metathorax is divided by a furrow. The metathorax is very
angulate; its lateral ridges very sharp; its posterior concavity
very distinct, striate, bordered by two parallel longitudinal
ridges, beyond which the metathorax is again quite rugose.
Petiole as rugose as the thorax; its base alone smooth; its
expansion lengthened, cylindrical, but little contracted behind,
and cribrose with very large confluent punctures. Seeond seg-
ment globular-ovate, a little pediculate, its pediele hardly equal-
ling a sixth the length of the segment. This segment is polished,
shining and sericeous, although punctured, and appearing as wide
as long when examined from above.
Insect black, with a transverse line on the face, a little dot
behind each eye, margin of prothorax, post-scutel, two pyriform
lines on the metathorax and a line on the border of segments 1,
2, 3, yellow. Sometimes also all the segments are bordered by a
yellow or ferruginous band, and the last segments now and then
ferruginous. Legs black; tarsi and tibie garnished with silky
ferruginous hair; anterior knees spotted with yellow; interme-
diate tibiz with a yellow line; the femora with a spot at end.
Wing scales black, terminated behind by a yellow point by the
side of which is a little yellow process. Wings sub-smoky, with
brown nervures; the 2d cubital cell triangular, quite contracted
anteriorly. |
ZETHUS. 33
%. Clypeus transverse quadrate, either wholly pale-yellow, or
only its lower part; inferior margin entire and arcuate; the last
two articles of the antenne tawny beneath.
Var. a. Two yellow spots on the scutellum.
b. The yellow mark of the frontal ridge and that on the post-
scutel, interrupted; the face presenting but two yellow points.
The border of the prothorax is sometimes sprinkled with black
dots.
ce. The yellow markings hardly visible. Prothorax black.
Legs black; wings a little smoky, with some ferruginous tints and
the nervures brown.
d. The spine of post scutel yellow or black.
e. In small specimens, principally %, the spine is obliterated,
or replaced by a little longitudinal carina.
jf. The peduncle of the 2d segment rather longer; the spine
of post-scutel obliterate.
g. The extreme edge of the clypeus % black, or partly black,
‘which causes very fallacious appearances.
Ress. a. diff.—This species is very distinct, by its ridges,
prominences, and rugosities, by the very large punctures of its
petiole, and especially by the long spine of its post-scutel.
Hab. The gulf side of Mexico, in the warm parts. Tamaulipas,
Huasteca, ete. Verycommonin Tampico. I have taken a score
of specimens in view of the town of Pueblo-Viejo, against posts
exposed to the sun. Various specimens also from Orizaba.
Fig. 2. The insect seen in profile, enlarged. 2, 6. Its natural size. Fig.
2, a. The abdomen more enlarged.
20. Z. imitator n. sp.—Niger, crasse, dense punctatus: metanoto
Le) ? 1
minus erasse punctato; petiolo ovato-cylindrico, crassissime cribrato ;
punctis 2 clypei; 2 frontis, pronoti margine, macula subalari, tegularum
limbo, scutelli fascia interrupta, post-seutelli fascia, maculis 2 metanoti,
, pta, p ,
abdominis segmentorum 10-39 limbo anguste, tibiisque intermediis basi
extus, flavis. 9.
Total length, 12} mm.; wing, 9 mm.
2. Form and sculpture about the same as in spinosus. Head
small. Clypeus much rougher, very coarsely and confluently
punctured, not broad, but rounded, more prolonged and truneate.
A earina between the antenne, prolonged on the elypeus. The
rest of the punctuations about the same, very rough. Prothorax
3
34 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
a little more elongate; its angles very prominent; the post-
scutellum quite destitute of a spine. Metathorax triangular, not
earinated and not so rough. Petiole a little less eylindrical,-a
little more swollen, coarsely cribrate; the beginning of the
swelling punctate like the rest, not polished (as if smelted) as in
spinosus ; 2d segment less globular, more pyriform, only punctate
along its margin.
The ornaments more numerous than in spinosus, having a spot
on each side of the clypeus, two on the face, the scape beneath,
the border of prothorax, a macula under the wing, edges of the
tegule, an interrupted fascia on the scutel and on the post-scutel,
two macule on the metathorax, margin of petiole and a submar-
ginal line on the edge of the 2d and 3d segments, yellow. The
rest of the abdomen brownish; an abbreviated yellow fascia on
the intermediate tibiz. Wings hyaline, a little brownish along
the anterior margin; the 2d cubital cell not anteriorly contracted,
having a distinct radial border.
Ress. a. diff.—This species slightly resembles Montezume but
is very distinct by the rest of its coloration, by its swollen, not
depressed, and more coarsely cribrose petiole; and by the second,
more globular, less elongate segment of the abdomen.
It differs from aztecus and Westwoodi by its more sessile 2d
segment, its more coarsely cribrose and more cylindrical petiole,
its maculated metathorax, without excavation, only parted by a
suleosity ; smaller head, rough clypeus, ete.
It is nevertheless an embarrassing species, intermediate between
spinosus and Montezume.
Hab. Mexico; the Oriental Cordillera (Mr. Sumichrast).
21. Z. clypearis n. sp.—Niger, crassissime dense cribrato-punctatus ;
pronoto acute angulato; metanoto 4-carinato, post-seutelli angulis
dentiformibus; petiolo ovato tumido; punctis 2 frontalibus, pronoti
margine, punctis 2 scutelli et 2 post-scntelli margineque petioli, flavis ;
margine 2' et 3" segmenti sinuato, — premarginali flava; alis
fumosis. 4%.
.
Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 9 mm.
Form and punctures as in Z spinosus. The head very little
wider than the thorax; the thorax short, crested in front, very
square anteriorly ; its angles sharp, a sort of crest bordering the
sides of pronotum up to the wing-scale. Scutel rather salient;
ZETHUS. oD
post-scutel truncate, somewhat emarginate ; its angles seen from
before, elevated as two triangular tecth: Head and thorax quite
densely cribrose with very coarse confluent punctures; the scutel
divided by a flat line. Metathorax coarsely but not so deeply
cribrose, short; its lateral edges very sharp; the posterior face
having two strong vertical carine, starting from the angles of
the post-scutel, but not going down to the extremity ; the channel
between them punctate; the sides of thorax as cribrose as the
dorsum, those of the metathorax not quite so rough. Petiole
quite coarsely cribrose, rather bidentate, with the anterior side
polished, impunctate (as if smelted) as in azlecus, but the swelling
not cylindrical (as in aztecus) but oval, thick, and truncate as in
olomitus. The 2d segment subsessile (its form being a half
sphere), and punctured; its second lamellar edge wide, getting
wider on the sides. The first border of the 3d segment advanced
in the middle; the 2d lamellar border sinuate, advanced in the
middle, and emarginate on each side; getting wider outside of the
emargination. The other segments very delicately punctate.
Black; the pilosity brown; that of the abdomen long and ful-
vous on the 2d and 8d segment. A line on the anterior margin
of the mandibles, two spots over the antenne, anterior border of
prothorax ; two dots on the angles of scutel, two on the post-
scutel, posterior border of petiole, and submarginal border of 2d
and 3d segments, yellow. The posterior margin of prothorax and
the margin of the tegule, brown; the second border of 2d and
ad segment piceous. Knees and tarsi brownish; a yellow macula
at end of the Ist femora; a yellow line on the Ist and 2d tibize
outside; this sometimes tawny. Wings clouded with brown,
with yellowish reflection.
%. Clypeus rather rounded, black, very coarsely cribrose, its
inferior margin with three indentations in the middle, two little
earine terminating in the external teeth; its surface very convex,
having a very prominent transverse swelling, somewhat like a
very obtuse carina; a yellow triangle with the angle turned
downwards extends from that swelling to the end, and terminates
in the middle indentation of the inferior margin. Antenne
rather thickened, terminated by a short biarticulate ferruginous
obtuse hook.
Ress. a. dif/.—This very remarkable species comes quite near
to Z. spinosus, from which it differs by its bidentate, not spined
36 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
post-scutel and by its square, angled, not contracted prothorax ;
by its metathorax and petiole, ete. The very coarse punetation
and very particular details of form of all the parts of the body
distinguish this species from all the other Mexican Zethus, except
from Olmecus with which it must be compared. |
Hab. Mexico. The Oriental Cordillera, Orizaba.
22. Z. Aztecus Sauss. (Fig. 1, 1e.)—Niger, rugose punctatus; pronoto
antice valde cristato; fronte transversim in lineam elevato, flavo-
bipunctato; petiolo ovato-inflato, crasse punctato; secundo secmento
subpetiolato, fulvo-sericeo; pronoti margine, macula subalari, scutelli
maculis 2, post-scutelli fascia abdominisque segmentorum 1-3 limbo,
flavis; alis subhyalinis.
Zethus aztecus Sauss. Revue Zool. IX, 1857, 270.
Total length, 15 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
2. Head, thorax and petiole cribrose with coarse crowded
punctures, but less rough than with Z. cristatus and Z. spinosus.
Clypeus polished, cribrose with more distant oblique punctures,
and hardly notched on its inferior border; the emargination
divided by a little middle tooth; a little wavy transverse carina
on the vertex, forming a sort of extension upon the insertion of
the antennz. Clypeus and orbicles rather silvery. Prothorax
bordered by a vertical Jamina in form of a crest, but which does
not prolong itself upon the sides. Metathorax furrowed, with the
coneavity bordered above and furnished with a pile of gray hairs,
having a slight tawny reflection. Post-scutel unarmed. Swelling
of the petiole neither cylindrical nor globular, but oval, and, as
seen in profile, dilated above. Second segment ovate-globular,
not enlarging itself as suddenly as in the Z cristatus; but it has
no more length of pedicle, and the same silky, golden reflection.
Insect black; two dots on the forehead, border of prothorax,
a spot under the wing, two on the scutel, the post-scutel, and the
border of segments 1, 2, 3 orange-yellow. Wing-secales often
touched with yellow. These colors offer the same variation as in
the species cited; the crest of the vertex being often adorned with
a yellow line, while the metathorax has no spots of this color.?
1 At least in my specimens. It will not do, however, to accept this as
a constant character.
ZETHUS. BE
Feet black; tarsi rather ferruginous. Wings transparent, clouded,
yellowish-brown, with the nervures brown—their reflection
golden-gray.
%. Anterior border of the clypeus notched as in the female ;
the angles of the indenture in the form of teeth, the middle tooth
smaller than the lateral. All the clypeus covered with a silvery
downs; its lower moiety of a yellow color, as well as a line upon
the scape of the antenne. Mandibles yellow in front, the end of
the antenne black, the hook elongate, edged, and sharp; the
terminal joints sometimes a little rolled up.
Ress. a. diff.—It is a little smaller than Z. Westwoodi, and is
distinguished from it by its more swelled and more coarsely punc-
tured petiole, by its more indented, more strongly punctured
elypeus, ete. It has the form of Z. spinosus, but it has no post-
scutellar spine, ete.; and although rather coarsely punctured,
that is really less so than this species.
Hab. Mexico, on the gulf side. Tampico.
Fig. 1. The male enlarged. Fig. 1, a. The head of the male seen from
before. |
Observation.—The figure 1 is not entirely satisfactory: the head not
sufficiently thick, and the second abdominal segment with the pedicle a
little too long.
23. Z Otomitus n. sp.—Niger, dense punctatus; capite et thorace
cinereo-, abdomine fulvo-hirto; antennis nigris, scapo linea flava;
punctis 2 frontalibus, pronoti margine, fascia post-scutelli, abdominisque
segmentorum 1-3 linea marginali, flavis; petiolo ovato-tumido nitido,
punctato, apice truncato, superne impressione transversali; genibus et
tarsis fuscescentibus; alis fusco-aureo nebulosis.—% elypeo trapezino,
fascia submarginali flava.
Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
%. Quite the same form and punctuation as Z. aztecus. But
the clypeus not square, more triangular, wide inferiorly, narrowed
at the summit, or rather in the form of a half cirele, a little con-
vex, densely punctured; the inferior margin wide and transverse;
with a wide transverse emargination and two little teeth. A pale
yellow band oceupies the inferior part, but the extreme margin
is black. The flagellum of the antenne quite black; only the
hook is sometimes brown beneath. The lateral carinwe of the
metathorax a little more pronounced ; the petiole not so coarsely
punctate, a little wider behind, more truneate, somewhat as in
38 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART i,
spinipes; the 2d segment without any impression before its
border; scutel black; no macula under the wing. The interme-
diate femora have no yellow fasciz. The wings are washed with
brown, with a golden reflection; the 2d cubital cell generally
triangular; its radial side wanting or quite short.
Clypeus and head gray-silky; abdomen golden-silky as in
Z. aztecus. °
Hab. Mexico; the Oriental Cordillera. Orizaba. (6 %
sent by Mr. Sumichrast.)
It is not without hesitation that I separate this species from Z.
aztecus; but the clypeus is decidedly of a different form, and the
coloration is quite the same in my six specimens, seeming to in-
dicate a decided species.- The end of the antenne is quite black
as in Az/ecus.
24. Z chrysopterus Savss.-—Niger, ferrugineo-hirtus, stature Z.
Westwoodi; capite latiore quam longiore, dense—punctato. Thorax
valde punctatus, reticulato-rugosus ; pronoti margine cristato, angulis
prominentibus ; scutello sulco partito; metanoto levi, hirsuto, postice
foveola distincta, carinis longitudinalibus 2 marginata instructo. Petio-
lus ovato-cylindricus, inflatus, parte lineari basali brevissima ; secun-
dui segmentum globoso-dilatatum, vix pedunculatum, fulvo-velutinum.
Puncta 2 frontis et pronoti angulorum abdominisque segmentorum .
limbus anguste flava; tarsi ferruginei; ale subferruginee, tegulis piceis
vel flavo-marginatis. Longit. 0.017.
*. Clypeo punctato, dimidio inferiore aurantiaco, margine tenuiter nigro,
bidentato.
Zethus chrysopterus Sauss. Vespides, I, 13, 8, pl. viii, fig. 7, 4%, 1852;
Revue Zool. X, 1858, 66.
Hab. Probably from South America. (Typus in auctoris
museo. )
25. Z. ferrugimeus Satss.
Zethus ferrugineus Sauss. Vespides, I, 14, 10, 1852.
Hab. South America. Para.
26. Z. cimerescems Savss. 9.—Niger, cinereo-sericenus; eclypeo
plano, punctato-striato, bideutato; capite dense punctato; thorace eri-
brato, striato-rugoso, antice cristato, angulato; post-scutello truncato;
metanoto postice producto, rugoso, lateraliter cristato-carinato; in medio
foveolato sed haud bicarinato; petiolo brevi, globoso-clavato, haud
cribrato; abdom. secundo segmento subsessili, sed piriforme-dilatato
(haud globoso), sericeo.—Puncta 2 frontis, pronoti margo, post-scutellum
ZETHUS. 39
et petioli limbus frequenter flava; tarsi fusci; ale infuscat#, secundum
costam nigre, tegulis ferrugineo-marginatis. Lougitudo, 0.015.
Zethus cinerascens Saugs. Vespides, III, 117, 3, 1554.
Hab. Brazil. (2 2 in museo auctoris; typus in museo Tau-
riueuse. )
Z. fraterno affinis, at differt pronoto cristato et angulato,
thorace rugose, petiolo minus punctato et globosiore.
The male is not known; some doubt still exists about the place
this species must occupy.
23. Z. Dighwumnis SPin.
Zethus biglumis Srixoua, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. X, 1841, 135, 83.—Saoss.
Vespides, I, 19, 20.
Hab. Cayenne.
28. Z. discoelioides Savss.—Niger, capite et thorace valde cri-
brato-punctatis, punctis confluentibus rugosis; clypeo rugoso, cri-
brato, subbidentato; pronoto cristato-marginato, biangulato; scutello
sulco partito ; metanoto supra foveola striata instructo, cujus margines
laterales fere cariniformes sunt; abdominis primo segmento brevi, ovato-
campanulato, inflato, truncato, valde punctato; secundo segmento piri-—
formi, sericeo.—Tegule ferruginee; frons et post-scutellum fiavo-bipune-
tata; petiolus flavo limbatus; pedes fuscescentes ; ale paulum infuscate,
aureo-nitentes. 9.—Longit. 0.013.
Zethus discelioides Sauss. Vespides, I, 17,! 17, 1852.
Hab. South America. Para.
Species moderately stout—viewing its short form and strongly
inflated petiole—and resembling to some extent Z. cinerascens,
though its 2d abdominal segment is less pyriform and the elypeus
more strongly punctured and not distinctly striate.
This species, in view of its petiole, campanulate and truncate
rather than contracted behind, might almost be placed in section 8.
(This form shows itself also among the Z. spinipes.)
B. Species which have more the appearance of Eumenes or Discelius. Head
less inflaled, less hollowed out at the occiput; thorax of moderate length;
petiole more as in the EHumenes (f Division a.
' Last line of this page (of Vespides), instead of Zethus, read Disewlius.
40 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
29. Z. Montezuma Sauss. (Fig. 3, 3a.)—Parvulus, rugosus, niger
et pilosus; abdomine ovato ut in genere Humene; petiolo elongato
perrugoso; religua parte abdoiminis piriformi, depressa; pronoti, post-
scutelli et abdominis segmentorum 1, 2, margine, flavo vel ferrugineo ;
scapo, macula subalari et seutelli, margineque clypei, flavis.
Zethus Montezuma Sauss. Revue Zool. IX, 1857, 270.
Z. Guatemolzin Sauss. ibid. (var. Q ).
@. Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
*%. Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
©. Insect small, slender; head but little inflated. Ocelli ina
regular or even lengthened triangle. All the head rugose, crib-
rose with coarse punctures; clypeus entire, also cribrose, convex
and rugose. Thorax lengthened, one and a half times longer than
wide, cribrose with large punctures, rugose; on the disk of the
mesothorax two arcuate grooves leave the scutellum, and extend
to the anterior suture. Angles of the prothorax spinose; its
margin relatively little prominent. Metathorax attenuated, con-
vex, rugose, but with a lateral, very distinct truncation. Petiole
quite lengthened, its anterior third, at least, linear; the remainder
enlarged, pyriform, much lengthened and truncate, rugose, cribrose
with very large punctures (larger than those of the thorax) ; its en-
largement but little raised, hardly contracted behind, its marginal
depressions forming a transverse groove. ‘lhe remainder of the
abdomen depressed, regularly pyriform, lengthened as in the
Eumenes, at the base sub-pediculate, gradually swelling; the
second segment shining, polished, silky-gray, delicately punctured,
more coarsely along its border.
Insect black, very hairy, even its abdomen being covered with
a pile of erect hair in fresh specimens; hair of the head and
thorax obscure; that of the metathorax and of the abdomen gray.
Inferior and lateral border of the clypeus often ferruginous ; a
line under the scape of the antenne, two dots at their insertion,
inargin of the prothorax, a point under each wing, two at the
scutellum, two on post-scutel, and the border of the first two
abdominal segments yellow or ferruginous. ‘These markings are
variable, the scutellum being often black and the post-scutel yel-
low; or the markings are entirely wanting. Wing-scales brown
or ferruginous. Wings hyaline, nervures brown, and often a
brown cloud in the radial cell.
%. Smaller. Clypeus transverse, black, covered with silky-
ZETHUS. 4]
gray hair; its inferior margin carrying in the middle a very small
notch, above which is a little yellow. Antenne a little tawny at
the extremity, terminated by a hook and by a slight rolling up.
Metathorax spotted with yellow; anterior border of prothorax
often black.
Var. a. Clypeus and scutel black; no spot under the wing.
b. At bottom of metathorax two yellow spots.
c. A yellow line in front of the mandibles.
Ress. a. diff.—This species is recognizable by the particular
form of its abdomen. The lengthened petiole, longitudinally
linear, becomes suddenly campanular; the second segment gradu-
ally swelled, so that the abdomen is pyriform rather than globular-
ovate. The lengthening of the thorax and the head a little en-
larged, recall the forms of the Humenes.'. The metathorax, also,
presents no concavity; the position of the furrow is, however,
indicated, and it is ragose and striate, but is convex in place of
being excavated.
This insect appears to be allied to Z. discelioides.
Hab. The temperate regions of Mexico: Ihave taken it in the
valleys of Cordova, of Orizaba, and of Mextitlan (four females,
five males).
I possess one specimen, a §, as small as the %, and which is ¢
little more strongly punctured, which has the petiole shorter in
the linear part, and is sensibly more coarsely punctured in its
enlarged part. The scutellum and post-scutel each have two
yellow spots. Length, 0.010; wings, 0.008.
Is this a variety of Z Montezuma, or a species? I have taken
it on the banks of the Rio Panuco, in the Huasteca.
Fig. 3. Zethus Montezuma, 9, enlarged. Fig. 3, a. The head 9 seen
from before.
30. Z. parvullus Savss.— 9. Parvulus, gracilis, niger; clypeo con-
vexo, apice truncato, late subemarginato; pronoto cristato-marginato,
utringue angulato; post-scutello carina arcuata antrorsum convexa in-
structo, metanoto anguloso, supra carinulis 2 sinuatis e post-scutelli
angulis emergescentibus et postice convergescentibus, instructo ; petiolo
gracili, in medio campanulato, punctato; secundo segmento paulum in-
fundibuliformi.—Caput et thorax dense punctata, argenteo-sericea ; an-
tennarum articulis 1-3 subtus, genibus, tibiis et tarsis, ferrugineis ;
1 And slightly also those of the genus £limus.
42, HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART i
petioli margo flavo-notatus; ale secundum venas infuscate. Longit,
0.011.
Zethus parvulus Sauss. Vespides, III, 119, 5, pl. ii, fig. 1, 9,1 1854.
flab. Brazil. South of the Province of Goyaz. (Collected
by the savant botanist Auguste de St. Hilaire.)
This species approaches to the form of Z. Montezuma; but it
is much less coarsely punctured, smaller, and very clearly recog-
nizable by the arcuate ridge of the post-scutel, which in com-
tinuation of the carinz of the metathorax, forms a prominent
horseshoe.
y- Petiole quite linear, filiform, depressed, very much elongate, as in Eumenes
of Division. The appearance of a Calligaster.
3. Z. strigosus n. sp.—lNiger, fulvo-sericeus, parum flavo-ornatum;
pro- et mesonoto valde oblique strigatis ; metanoto rugoso; petiolo lineari ;
20 segmento basi breviter pedunculato; pedibus nigris, flavescenti-
pilosis; alis subhyalinis.
Q. Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
%- Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 8} mm.
?. Slender. Head strigate-punctured. Prothorax sharply
margined, angular on each side, but not spined, obliquely strigose.
The whole disk of mesothorax strongly obliquely strigose and
wrinkled; the strise converging against the middle carina.
Scutellum shining punctate, a little sulcate in middle, as the post-
scutellum. Metathorax rugose, velutinous, wrinkled on each
side, at base parted by a channel; the lateral cauthi carinated
on the sides. Petiole very long and slender, not globulously
swollen, but quite linear (as in Humenes of Division Zeta) flat-
tened, shining, and parted by an impressed line, punctate on the
sides. Collar of the 2d segment distinct; the hinder margin of
this segment very slightly reflexed.
Black, furnished with a yellowish-silky, or rather golden
pubescence; the metathorax and pleura with cinereous pubescence.
A line on the base of the inner margin of mandible, a line on the
scape, two dots on the front, a very narrow line on both margins
of prothorax, the post-tegula, angles of post-scutellum, and two
1 The male of this species is not known. It is possible that it should
be placed in section d.
ZETILUS. 43
fascise on metathorax yellow. Scales margined with brown; a
narrow yellow submarginal line bordering all the segments of
the abdomen; the 6th segment yellow. Feet black, knees a little
fulvous; tibia furnished with silky-golden hairs. Intermediate
tibize with a yellow line. Wings subhyaline, with brown veins.
On each side of the clypeus is a very dull, obsolete, yellow macula.
?. Clypeus rounded, a little truncate at tip, punctured, rugose,
black.
%. Clypeus broad-quadrate, strongly punctured, slightly
truncate in the middle of its inferior margin, with two hardly
sensible edges; black; the lateral yellow spots often distinct.
Antenne rather thick; the whole terminal hook and the last three
joints of the flagellum beneath, yellowish.
Var. &.—a. Clypeus yellow, with the top part and extreme
margin black; sometimes also with two black dots on the yellow.
b. Clypeus more or less margined with yellow.
Var. & .—a. The spots of the forehead wanting.
b. The posterior margin of the prothorax not margined with
yellow.
c. The anterior margin having only the angles yellow, or also
a little line in the middle.
d. Prothorax black.
Hab. The Gulf side of Mexico. Orizaba. (Sumichrast. )
This species, although very variable in its coloring, is very
distinct by its filiform pedicule and by the strong strigze of its
dorsum. It has the facies of an Llimus.
C. Species which I do not know, and of which the antenne 3,
have not been described.!
32. Z. albopictus Smirn.— 9.. Niger, sat tenuiter punctatus; cinereo
Sericeus; antennis subtus apice ferruginescentibus ; clypeo utringue
flavo-notato; pronoti margine, macula subalari, punetis 2 in tegulis,
scutelli margine interrupto, punctis 2 post-scutelli tibiisque extus,
albidis; abd. segmentorum 1-3 limbo et lineola (utrinque?) in basi
secundi, albidis; alis pellucidis, secundum costam fuscis. Longit, 43 lin,
' As the form of the abdomen has not been described, I presume that it
offers nothing remarkable, and that in consequence all these species per-
tain to the division Zithusculus,
44 HYMENOPTERA OF AMER‘ICA. [ PART iF
Zethus albopictus Smrru, Cat. Brit. Mus. Vespide, 1857, 15, 32.
Hab. St. Domingo.
So. Z. gracilis Smira.—Niger, capite et thorace grosse punctatis;
fronte sulco transverso inter antennas et carina verticali ad medium
clypeum producta instructo; metanoto in lateribus striato; petiolo
Sparse punctato ; abdomine sericeo ; punctis 2 frontalibus abdominisque
segmentorum limbo anguste, flavis. 4% antennarum scapo antice flavo.
Longit, 43 lin.—Affinis videtur, Z. Wontezume.
Zethus gracilis Smitu, Cat. Brit. Mus. Vespide, 1857, 17, 43.
Hab. Mexico.
Small species, of the size of Z Montezume.
o4. Z. laevimodus Smiru.—. Niger, capite grosse, vertice sparse,
punctato; clypeo rugose striato, apice subemarginato; thorace polito,
punctis distantibus aliquot; pronoti margine acute marginato, acute
angulato; mesonoto antive carina abbreviata, et sulcis 2 e scutelli
angulis emergentibus ad pronotum ductis; metanoto velutino, bi-
convexo. Thorax maculis 2 in pronoti angulis, macula-subalari, post-
scutellique fascia interrupta, flavis; abdomine polito; alis fusco-cyaueis.
Longit, 9 lin. \
Zethus levinodus Smita, Cat. Brit. Mus. Vespide, 1857, 17, 44.
Hab. Mexico.
By the fuscous wings this species comes near to Z spinipes,
but is separated from it by its distinctly polished mesothorax, and
by its remarkably large size.
oo. Z. pallidus Smiru, Cat. Brit. Mus. Vespide, 1857, 11, 10.
Hab. Brazil. (Num Zethusculus?)
36. Z. scuipturalis Smiru, ibid. 11,11, %.
Hab. Brazil.
Ze Ze aubius SMITH, ibid. 13, 19; °) % .
Hab. Brazil.
38. Z. carimatus Smirz, ibid. 13, 20, 4.
Hab. Brazil.
ZETUUS. 45
Division DIDYMOGASTRA Perry.
(Sauss. Vespides, I, 18; ILI, 120.)
Second segment ef the abdomen lengthened pediculate ; its
pedicular part forming at least a fourth of the length of the seg-
ment. The other characters as in Zehusculus.
These insects have very slender forms on account of the extra-
ordinary length of their abdomen, by the double articulation of
which, they enjoy the singular faculty of folding the abdomen
beneath the thorax, and of placing the terminal pear against the
face of the head.
The Didymogastra inhabit the hot regions of America.
One cannot establish any line of demarcation between the
Zethusculus and the Didymogastra; these last form the continua-
tion of the same genera and only represent the more lengthened
modification of the type. The two series, based on the form of
the antenne of the males, continue themselves in the Didymo-
gastra. So this division is wholly empirical, and should not be
preserved except to facilitate the determination of species.
A. Antenne of the males terminated by a rolled spiral.
29. Z Poeyi Sauss. (Fig. 4, 4a.)-—Niger, rugose punctatus, metanoto
vix striato, velutino; petiolo polito, tenuiter punctato, gibboso ; secundo
abd. segmento levi, nitido, pedunculo mediocriter elongato; mandibulis,
frontis fascia, orbitis bis interruptis, pronotoantice, maculis 2 subalaribus,
tegulis, scutello et post-scutello antice, maculis 2 metanoti, petioli apice
pedibusque, aurantiacis; his rufo vel nigro variis ; abdomine ultra peti-
olum rufo; alis flavescentibus, apice grisescentibus.
*%,. Fronte earinato; clypeo aurantiaco, emarginato, bidentato; mandibulis
flavis; antennarnm articulis 1-2 rufis, fascia flava; flagello subtus flavo-
annulato, apice cochleato, flavo.
Zethus Pocyi Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. 1857, 270.
Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
b
Head and thorax quite densely cribrose (moderate and a little
irregular often, in form of an oblique prick of pin). Ocelli pro-
minent, arranged in a rather large triangle. Vertex $ forming
a ridge in form of a T, of which the vertical limb touches the
clypeus. The posterior part of the vertex a little more elevated
than the ocelli. Thorax contracted before, its margin little
46 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
salient. Scutellum punctured with coarse points, ane divided by
a groove. Metathorax punctured on each side of its summit,
neither punctured nor striate on its posterior face, but velvety.
Enlargement of the petiole convex; its swelling, seen in profile,
is more salient near its base, and is depressed and contracted
behind; on its extremity is an excavation. This enlargement,
seemingly smooth and polished, is quite finely punctured. Second
segment very shining and polished, its pedicle equalling a third
of its length and widening posteriorly; the globular bell, as long
as wide, enlarging gradualiy. Seen in profile, it is much more
swelled above than beneath.
Insect black, with orange markings, which are in general
arranged as follows: sinus of the eyes, the transverse bar of the
frontal T, a point on the summit of each eye and the orbit behind
the eyes; the prothorax, wholly or in part, a spot under the
Wing, wing-scale, the anterior portion of the scutellum and of the
post-scutel, two spots on the metathorax and the extremity of
the petiole, orange. These markings are more or less developed;
they may be more extended, or in part wanting. The remainder
of the abdomen is of a beautiful red or ferruginous, with the
base of the pedicle black. Scape of the antennz ferruginous.
Feet yellow, varied with ferruginous. Wings ferruginous, with
the end lightly gray, carrying a little reflection of violet.
2. Clypeus rounded, black, with two oblique yellow bands at
the superior margin; 2d joint of the antenne ferruginous; a
whole band of yellow under the wing; the margin of the 2d abd.
segment narrowly yellow.
%. End of the antenne rolled spirally. Clypeus orange, finely
punctured ; its inferior border armed with two separated teeth,
with an arcuate border between them, in the middle of which is a
little salient tooth, often hardly visible. The first two and the
last two articles of the antenne orange; the flagellum annulate
with this color beneath; the terminal spiral orange; the last
article obscure.
Var. The specimens of other localities possess, without doubt,
more of black on the abdomen and antenne. ,
Ress. a. diff.—Vhis Didymogastra is easily distinguished from
Z. Chicotencail, by the rugose aspect of its head and thorax, by
its much less striate metathorax, by its petiole more swelled
ZETHUS. 47
above, distinctly punctured; by its second segment with its less
extended pedicle, and by the yellow markings of all the body.
It differs from 7. Matzicatzin, in its smaller size, in its much
more lengthened thorax, having a mesothoracic disk longer than
wide; in its metathorax, devoid of middle carine and of smooth
spaces at the superior angles; in its scutellum, simple, depressed,
angular (not emarginate) posteriorly; in its less enlarged and
more punctured petiole, and in its head smaller, without swelling
of the vertex.
The % differs in its celypeus, quadrate, large, convex and notched
as in the Z Poeyt, not flattened and advanced in the middle as
with the Matzicatzin; by the antenne terminating in a spiral, by
the ocelli placed upon a scarcely oblique plane, etc.
Hab. The island of Cuba. This beautiful insect was given me
yee roel. Ioey. |
Observation.—In the figure, the thorax is too large and the form of the
abdomen is not perfectly natural.
40. Z% Romamdimus Savss.—Niger, cinereo-sericeus, capite lato,
dense punctato; thorace grosse cribrato, antice cristato-marginato ;
scutello convexo, sulco, bipartito; metanoto convexo, haud foveolato,
velutino, tenuiter punctato, supra utrinque spati» nitido levi; petiolo
dense punctato, nitido, postice paulum attenuato, flavo-marginato,
secundo segmento sat breviter pedunculato tanqnam in Didymogasira,
piriformiter dilatato, marginem versus tenuiter punctato, tenuissime
flavo seu ferrugineo-limbato ; reliquis punctatis, piceo-limbatis; tegulis
ferrugineo marginatis, pedibus, fuscescentibus; tibiis intermediis flavo-
variis; alis diaphanis, subfuscescentibus.
?. Clypeo transversim quadrato, flavo, tenuiter bidentato; antennis sub-
tus apicem versus flavo-annulatis et apice cochlea fulva.
Longitudo, 14 mm.; ale, 10 mm.
Zethus Romandinus Sauss. Vespides I, 20, 22, pl. ix, fig. 1, 9, 1852.
Revue de Zool. X, 1858, 164. °
Hab. Cayenne. (Typus in auctoris museo. )
This Zethus constructs with woody fibres and gummy materials
several rounded cells, with thick walls toward the bottom and
irregularly united, recalling a little those of Bombus (see Sauss.
Vespides, I, pl. ix, fig. 1, ¢). The instinets of these insects appear
to progress toward the habits of the Social Wasps.
|
48 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
4i. Z. aurulentus Savss.
Zethus aurulens Sauss. Vespides, III, 121, 8, pl. vi, fig. 5, 9, 1854.
Hab. Brazil.
42. Z. Matzicatzim Savuss.—Niger; capite discoidali, lato, facie
cribrata, vertive supra inflato, minus cribrato; ovellis in deelivitate
frontis sitis; thorace grosse cribrato, postscutello truncato, postice ex-
ciso, carinato; metanoto sulco conspicuo, at foveola nulla; infra valde
striato, supra levi, in medio bicarinato; petiolo polito impunctato, vaide
inflato, apice puncto maximo impresso; secundo segmento longe pedun-
culato, medio margine impresso, cum reliquis rufo; tertio punctato, in
medio producto; punctis frontalibus et post-ocularibus 2, pronoti
margine, macula subalari et maculis 2 scutelli, limboque segmentorum
4
i, 2, flavis; tibiis rufis; alis fusco-flavescentibus.
*%,. Secutello plano, tenuiter punctato, infra macula levi et margine in
medio subproducto; antennarum scapo subtus flavo.
Zethus Matzicatzin Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. 1857, 271.
Total length, 18 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
Mandibles obliquely truncate, trenchant, without teeth, but
with a single lobe. Head very large, much wider than thorax;
face flattened; ocelli arranged in a broad triangle and placed,
not on the summit, but on the slope of the vertex. Vertex
strongly enlarged transversely behind the ocelli, but swelled
upward. Face-offering between the antenne two little vertical
carine. Thorax very short, quadrate, depressed; the margin of
the prothorax little prominent. Disk of the mesothorax wider
than long; its anterior curve describing a semicircle, not an
ellipse as in all the preceding species. Scutellum divided by a
channel. Post-scutel truncate, angulate; its posterior border
offering a concavity and carrying an arcuated ridge interrupted in
the middle (which especially distinguishes it from the preceding
species, which has the post-scutel whole rounded above). Meta-
thorax very angulate, haying four sharp ridges, so to speak: Ist,
the two ordinary lateral ones, which here form two sharp crests ;
2d, two other very short ones, which start from the angles of the
post-scutel; the middle divided by a strong channel, but, properly
speaking, without any concavity. The summit of the metathorax,
especially the space situated on each side between the two ridges,
is smooth, shining, not punctured (or very finely striated), the
remainder wrinkled. The flanks under the lateral ridges smooth
ZETHUS. 49
and shining. Petiole quite lengthened-pediculate; its elliptical
enlargement is globularly swelled above, as high as wide (sub-
compressed), having on its posterior extremity above, a large
excavation, and on each side a large transverse groove, which
compresses the end of the petiole, hut without coalescing with the
middle groove. Second segment lengthened-pediculate, almost as
in the Z. Chicotencati; its globular part very flat beneath, and
much swelled above from its base; its first posterior border a
little sinuous, preceded in the middle by a vague depression—its
second border not being at all reflected. Margin of the third
segment formed in the same way, but the first border more
sinuous, Head coarsely punctured; the face cribrose, but the
vertical inflation very much less. Thorax cribrose with sunken
points, except the metathorax. Petiole and abdomen smooth
and shining, while the last is very finely punctured. The third
segment punctured. .
Insect black, garnished with a gray or slightly golden pile; two
spots on the face, one behind each eye; margin of the prothorax,
a point under the wing, two spots on the scutellum, and the borders
of the Ist and 2d segments, yellow. The abdomen, except the
petiole, of a brown purple or ferruginous. Feet black, varied
with ferruginous. Wings washed with brown-yellowish, nervures
brown; wing scales bordered with brown or yellow.
%. Clypeus very flat, punctured; its inferior margin advanced
in the middle, entire ; a smooth lozenge or triangle in the middle
of its inferior extremity ; this piece is black, covered with gray
hair—its lozenge-shaped part smooth, often yellow. Antenne
black, with front of the scape yellow and terminated by a little
ferruginous hook.
Ress. a. diff.—See the affinities of Z. Chicotencatl and Poeyi.
The Z. niger offers also two metathoracic carine starting from
the angles of the post-scutel; ‘but in this species the post-seutel
is not crenulated, and there is between these carine a concave
pit, while here the two moieties of the metathorax remain convex
and are separated by a deep furrow. The thorax and the head
are also smaller, ete.
Hab. The gulf side of Mexico. Tampico. I have taken but
one specimen (4%).
By the very remarkable form of its clypeus and its mandibles,
4 .
50 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART T.
this species deserves to be noted as fit to serve as the type of one
section of this genus.
B. Antenne of % terminated by a hook.
43. Z. Milariamus Savss.—Gracilis, niger; capite dense punctato,
supra et pone oculos tumefacto; thorace minus dense punctato; pro-
noto valde cristato-marginato, sed angulis haud acutis ; mesonoti disco
carinis 2 levibus trajecto; post-scutello medio subdentato; metanoto
velutino, rugoso, striato, in medio canaliculato; abdominis petioli
tumefactione ovata, sat globoso-inflata punctulata; secundo segmento
globoso, sericeo, basi sat longe petiolato (petiolus tertiam partem longi-
tudinis efficiens); segmentis reliquis punctatis. Corpus omnino velu-
tinum, argenteo-sericeum; puncta frontalia 2, macule 2 post-oculares,
antennarum articuli 1-3 et apex, thorax, petioli latera et pedes, rufa;
petioli apex et lineola utrinque in secundi segmenti petiolo, flava; seg-
mentorum limbus tenuiter piceus vel rufus. Ale infuscateg, costa nigra.
Longit, 0.016 mm.
Q. Clypeo convexo, punctato, apice late subexciso, tridentulato; maculis
2 lateralibus rufis.
%. Clypeo truncato, rufo vel flavescente macula media et basi nigris, vel
nigro margine infero rufo et laterali flavo; anteunis apice ultimo
minuto rufo.
Var. Color variabilis, plus minusve rufescens vel nigrescens; disco
mesonoti obscuro vel nigro, carinis rufis; etc.
Zethus Hilarianus Sauss. Vespides, III, 120, 7, pl. vi, fig. 6, 9, 1854.
Varies in having the margin of pronotum and the post-scutel
yellow, and in the distribution of colors, the reddish and black
passing one to the other; but, nevertheless, a distinct species
by its mesothoracical carine.
Hab. Brazil. Middle of the province of Goyaz. (The type
is in the Paris museum.)—Venezuela, Caracas.
44. Z. gemiculatus Serv.
Didymogastra geniculata Spin. Mem. Acad. Turin, XIII, 1853, 80, 60.
Zethus geniculatus Sauss. Vespides, I, 22; III, 120, 6.
Metanoto postice bicarinato; colore affinis Z. nigro.
Hab. Brazil. Para. (Typus in mus. Taurinense.)
45. Z. dicomboda Srin.—Niger, gracilis, dense punctatus, cinereo-
sericeus; pronoto autice cristato-marginato, angulato; mesonoti disco
bicarinato; metanoto convexo, velutino, haud rugoso, in medio striato.
ZETHUS. 51
Abdomen gracile, petiolo elongato, parum inflato, punctato, apice puncto
impresso nullo; secundo segmento sat longe pedunculato, ovato-dilatato,
depresso et tenuiter punctato.—Puncta 2 frontis, pronoti et tegularum
'margo, post-scutellum, fascie 2 metanoti et abd. segmentorum 1-2
margo, nee non fascia utrinque petioli secundi segmenti (vel petioli
apicis) albida; femora intermedia subtus albido varia; ale# hyaline,
venis ferrugineis, apice grisco-nebulose. Longit, 0.015 mm.
©. Clypeo nigro, rugoso, truncato, sub-bidentato (vel sub-tridentato).
%,. Clypeo albido, supra nigro, margine infero bidentato, tenuissime nigro
limbato; antennis nigris, uncinatis.
Epipona dicomboda Spinoua! Gay’s Historia fisica de Chile (Fauna Chi-
lena), VI, 1851, 250.
Zethus discomboda Sauss. Vespides, I, 21, 25.
Hab. Chili. (Typi in museo Parisiense et in auctoris servantur. )
C. Species of which the section remains undetermined.
AG. Z@ Chicotemcatlh Savss. (Fig. 5, 5a.)—Niger, politus, fulvo
hirtus, clypeo convexo, capite dense punctulato, thorace levigato, in
medio disco nitido, impunctato; pronoto antice et pone angulos in
lateribus cristato-marginato; metanoto haud excavato, ubique rugose
striato, petiolo parum inflato, impunctato, nitidissimo, secundo segmento
longe pedunculato, sericeo, secundum marginem punctato, margine sub-
jacente reflexo; antennis subtus flavis; punctis 2 frontalibus, maculis
2 metanoti, et abdom. segmentorum limbo (aliquandoque pronoti),
tibiisque supra, flavis; alis ferruginescentibus. Q.,
Zethus Chicotencatl Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. 1857, 271.
Total length, 17 mm.; wing, 12 mm.
2. Mandibles strongly tridentate. Clypeus rounded, very
convex, but finely punctured, truncate or sub-bilobed on its in-
ferior border, in the middle of which is a smooth space. Head
densely punctured, but not rugose. Ocelli salient, placed in a
regular triangle on the vertex, the head a little contracted behind.
Thorax shining and polished, not being punctured above the
middle; margin of prothorax forming a salient lamina; this
margin reflexes upon its angles and prolongs itself behind, along
the lateral border of the prothorax over a moiety of the distance
from the wing seale. Mesothorax punctured along the seutellum,
without groove on its hinder part, but carrying a double longi-
tudinal groove on its anterior moiety; seutellum convex and
shining, feebly punctured. Metathorax a little flattened behind,
52 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
having a very small groove, strongly striated transversely or
rather channelled in all its superior and posterior surface (situated
above the lateral ridges). Some striz, but less distinct, also
cover entirely the lateral faces of the metathorax, beneath the
angles. Enlargement of the petiole in an oval form, much
lengthened, depressed, without. any globular swelling above; its
linear portion short, equal to a third the length of the petiole,
smooth, shining, without punctures. The posterior depression
not having an excavated point, but a transverse shining channel.
Second segment much lengthened, pediculate; its pedicle form-
ing almost the moiety of the length of the segment, which offers
a zone of fine punctures along its posterior border; the second
lamina of this margin a little reflected. The whole insect is
covered with a tawny pile almost woolly on the thorax, gray on
the metathorax, a little golden on the abdomen, but the body is
polished and shining, especially the petiole, which does not show
any punctures.
Color black; antenne ferruginous beneath, obscure above.
Two dots on the face, two spots on the metathorax and often the
post-scutel and the margin of the prothorax, yellow or tawny.
Petiole having a yellow interrupted border; the abdominal
segments wholly or in part margined with a very narrow yellow
line. Feet black. Tibix yellow before. Wings transparent,
washed with yellowish-gray.
Ress. a. diff.—This species appears to me very near to Z.
tubulifer. It may even be identical; which I dare not say posi-
tively, not having the type of this last before my eyes, and being
without a sufficient description.
It is very recognizable hy its back as well as its petiole, being
without punctures and shining. The Z. Chicotencail is not diffi-
cult to distinguish from the Z. Matzicatzin, by its metathorax,
rugose even to the summit and without middle carine, by its post-
scutel, which is not notched behind, by its much less enlarged
petiole, by the border of its second segment, which is punctured,
and by the second Jamina of its border, which is turned up; _per-
haps also by its thorax, which is not cribrose, and by the ocelli,
which occupy the summit of the vertex.
Hab. The gulf shore of Mexico. I have taken it at Tampico.
(The Z. tubulifer comes from Orizaba in the Cordilleras.)
A,
2
Or
ZETHUS.
/
Observation.—In the figure the petiole is not quite suddenly enough
enlarged, aud the profile of the pedicle of the second segment is a little
too short, as also in the linear part of the petiole.
4%. Z tubulifer Savuss. Vespides, I, 18, 19, 9.—Niger: clypeo
rotundato; antennarum scapo subtus ferrugineo-notato ; pronoto angu-
lato; punctis 2 frontalibus, pronoti margine, tegulis partim, maculis 2
scutelli, fascia interrupta post-scutelli, maculis 2 metanoti, margine
lineolaque laterali utrinque petioli apicis, segmentorum margine punc-
tisque coxarum, flavis; pedibus flavo-variis; alis fumosis. Longit,
0.017-18.
Hab. Mexico. Oriental Cordillera.
48. Z Zemdalus n. sp.—Niger, punctulatus, capite et thorace
griseo-sericante; metanoto tenuissime strigato; pronoti fascia, macula
subalari, maculis 2 scutelli, 2 metanoti, petioli apicis lineolis 2 laterali-
bus, et lineolis 2 lateralibus 2' segmenti basis, citrinis; segmentis reli-
quis late rufo-marginatis; ano rufo. 9
©. Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 10-11 mm.
Head and thorax densely and delicately punctured. A little
compressed brilliant point between the antenne. Prothorax
margined, but not angulated. Metathorax velutinous, very
delicately strigate, divided by a channel. Petiole ovate, narrow,
very delicately punctured like the abdomen, destitute of an im-
pression at the end. Peduncle of the 2d segment rather long.
Black, with grayish hair; the margin of prothorax, a spot
under the wing, two on the scutel, two elongate maculz on the
metathorax, and a sinuous lateral line on each side of the extremity
of the petiole, a line on each side of the peduncle of the 2d seg-
ment, and two dots at its base, lemon-yellow; a broad fascia on
the margin of segments 2d—5th, and the 6th segment, orange-
yellow or rufous. The apex of the petiole has no yellow margin
and no groove, but the base of the peduncle of the second seg-
ments has two yellow dots, which can be easily taken by error
for a yellow marking of the apex of the petiole. Feet black.
Wings smoky with a golden reflection, the nerves black.
2. Clypeus rounded, densely punctate, black like the antenne
and mandibles.
Ress. a. dif?.—Distinet from Matzicatzin by its moderate head,
absence of impression at the end of petiole, and absence of
54 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
carine on the middle part of the metathorax. Differs from Chi-
cotencall by its prothorax not crested on the sides, its petiole
narrower, etc. It comes very near to Romandinus, but the thorax
is shorter anteriorly, more narrowed posteriorly; the petiole
narrower, less inflated, ete.
Hab. Mexico. The Oriental Cordillera (Mr. Sumichrast).
49. Z%. miscogaster Savuss.—Q. Minutus, niger, dense punctatus,
cinereo hirtus; clypeo integro, rugoso, piloso; fronte inter antennas
transversim carinato; ocellis in summo fronte sitis. Thorax antice
cristatus, carinatus, humeris haud spinosis; postscutello et metanoto
haud rugosis, velutinis, hoe tenuiter. striato, nec carinato, nee distincte
foveolato, sed sulco profundo diviso. Abdomen politum, sericeum ;
petiolo elongato, parum inflato, supra parum gibboso; secundo segmento
longe pedunculato, ovato-dilalato subdepresso. Caput immaculatum ;
pronoti margo, macula subalaris, macule scutelli et 2 metanoti, lineola
utringue, petioli apex, limbus secundi segmenti, lineolaque utrinque in
basi pedunculi, flava. Ale subpellucide, venis fuscis.—Longit. 0.015.
Z. discombode similis at minor, et pronoto haud angulaso differt. A Z.
Romandino differt statura graciliore, petiolo minus punctato et minus tume-
facto.
Zethus miscogaster Sauss. Vespides, I, 18,18, 9, 1852.
Zethus microguster (per errorem) Sauss. Revue Zool. X, 1858, 163.
Hab. South America. (Typus in auctoris museo.)
&O8. Z. bimodis Fasr.—Gracilis, niger, dense punctatus. Caput Jatum,
dense cribratum; clypeo rugose cribrato, integro. Thorax eribratus,
cristato-marginatus, clypeo convexo, nitido, eribrato; postscutello haud
cribrato, postice truncato, sed cantho acuto nullo; metanoto in medio
foveolato, carinis prominentibus duabus e postscutelli angulis emergen-
tibus ; spatio extra carinam sito utrinque valde striato-plicato ; usque ad
canthum lateralem acutum. Abdominis petiolo polito, tenuiter pune-
tato, sat ovato-tumefacto, apice utringue flavo-notato; secundo segmento
globoso, longe pedunculato, ubique tenuiter punctato, sericeo seteso, in
medio margine impresso; tertio, in medio margine paulum producto;
2° et 3° tenuissime flavo-marginatis; reliquis piceis vel ferrugineis.
Tibie 1, 2, ferruginee. Ale subhyaline. Longit, 0.017.
Vespa binodis Far. Ent. Syst. Suppl. 1798, 264.—Coquzs. Iust. Icon.
Ins. pl. xv, fig. 2.
Eumenes binodis Fasr. 8. P. 287.
Zethus binodis Sauss. Vespides, I, 20, 23.1
! Typus in museo Parisiensi.
=
ZETHUS. 55
Zethus niger Sauss.'’ Vespides, I, 1852, 21, 24, pl. viii, fig. 9.2
A Z. Romandino differt metanoto carinato, foveolato et plicato; petiolo
globosiore et minus valde punctato; secundo abd. segmento globosiore,
magis pedunculato, et punctatiore; segmentis 3-5 minus punctatis; tertil
margine in medio producto.
Hab. Cayenne.
ol. Z didymogaster Srin.
Zethus didymogaster Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1841, X, 133, 9.
Hab. Cayenne.
This species differs from Z. binodis in its very wide clypeus,
having a straight border, armed with two distant teeth. (Has
not the author taken a male for a female? Only the males have
the clypeus twice as wide as long.)
o2 BZ. fuscwus Perry.
Didymogastra fusca Pury, Delect. Anim. Artic. 145, pl. XXVIII, fig. 5,
2 , 1830.
Zethus fuscus Sauss. Vespides, I, 19, 21; III, 120.
Hab. Brazil. Amazon.
5d. Z. Sumitiaii Savss.
Zethus Smithii Sauss. Vespides, III, 122, 9, 9.
Metanoto striato; alis fusco-cyaneis.
Hab. South America.
SPECIES WHICH I DO NOT KNOW.
The following species of the genus Zethus, all from Brazil,
have been described by Fred. Smith in the Catalogue of the
Vespidx of the British museum, page 11-18.
4. pallidus
Z. carinatus—albopictus
seulpturalis—dubius.
gracilis—levinodus.
! Typus in auctoris museo.
2 Errata. Fig. 8, pl. viii, Vespides, I, does not represent this species,
but Z. piriformis.
56 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
Gen. LABUS Saoss.
Labus Sauss. Reise d. Oesterr. Fregat. Novara. Hym., p. 3.
Mandibles short, obliquely truncate, with 3-4 terminal teeth.
Maxille elongate; their palpi elongate, 6-jointed. Labiwm
elongate, quadrifid, its palpi 4-jointed. Head rounded, swelled
at the occiput; clypeus rounded or truncate.
Thorax elongate; its anterior angles sharp.
Abdomen very slender; its petiole elongate, linear. Wings
somewhat as in Humenes and Zethus.
As the forms of the insects of this type are becoming various,
one could well think that the genus Zabus might be fused into
G. Elimus, which only differs from this by another form of thorax
and petiole. Such differences occur under the species of the
genus Zethus.
A. Petiole filiform at base, a little widened posteriorly; its
extremity margined by a transverse rounded cordon pre-
ceded by a transverse channel (as in Eumenes of Division
Omicron). Second segment sessile, elongate. Metathorax
attenuated. Head inflated. Second cubital cell much pro-
longed at the basilar extremity; the second recurrent vein
inserted after the middle of its posterior border. (Asiatic
type.) i. Spiniger Sauss., L. Humbertianus Sauss.
B. Petiole linear, slender, prismatic; 2d segment subpedicu-
late. Thorax elungate; metathorax short; prothorax
crested anteriorly. Second cubital cell equally dilated at
both extremities; second recurrent vein inserted in the
middle of its posterior border. (American type.)'
=
1 The genus Elimus would make a third type :—
C. Petiole linear, rather thick (very elongate, somewhat pyriform), biden-
tate; its extremity marked with an impressed point; head moderate ;
thorax oval, not acute angled anteriorly; metathorax rounded; the
2d segment elongate, rather attenuate posteriorly ; 2d cubital cell in
a regular truncate triangle; second recurrent nerve inserted in the
middle, or a little before the middle, of its posterior border.
LABUS. 5Y
1. UL. Sicheliamwus n. sp. (Fig. 20, 14a.)—Niger, gracilis, thorace
elongatiusculo, antice eristato-marginato, superne crassiuscule punctato;
petiolo lineari-prismatico; 20 segmento basi subpedunculato; capitis
maculis, pronoti margine antico, maculis 2 scutelli et 2 metanoti ab-
dominisque segmentorum marginibus, flavis.
Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
©. Antenne rather clubbed. Head quite orbicular, rather
swelled and rounded at the occiput, densely punctured; a little
carina between the antennz. Mandibles short truncate, armed
with three terminal teeth, tricarinate at end. Clypeus ovate, as
wide as long, a little truncate at tip, covered with coarse
punctures, substrigate. Ocelli disposed in an equilateral triangle.
Thorax a little depressed, flattened above, rather ovate (that is,
elongate), rounded posteriorly, a little contracted anteriorly,
truncate and margined with a crest; the angles of prothorax
salient. The thorax above strongly punctured, not so strongly
on the sides; the metathorax a little shagreened; the lateral
faces of this not punctured. Metathorax having its posterior face
vertical, somewhat truncate, triangular, but quite arcuate at the
summit, and margined by a little arcuate ridge, rough and obso-
lete; the hind face parted by a depression and a little strigate in
the groove. Disk of mesothorax elongate, having two arcuate
furrows. Petiole elongate, quite linear; only its base filiform ;
the rest depressed and compressed, making it prismatic, with a
dorsal, two lateral faces and an inferior face; the faces having
scattered punctures; the superior one not parted by a furrow,
but with a round impression before the border; the inferior one
earinated; the lateral faces having the margin a little salient
because of their compression; the compression being more
sensible behind the middle of petiole, so that the anterior part of
the swelled portion is a little wider than tlte rest and a little
ovate. The rest of the abdomen nearly impunctate; the second
segment globular, but its base a little funnel-shaped and articu-
late by a very short neck as in the Zethusculus. Anterior tibiz
very short.
Black, with short gray pile. Antenne a little ferruginous at
the extremity beneath; a spot in the middle of the mandibles, a
line on the scape, a spot on each side of elypeus, two dots over
the insertion of the antenne, and one in the sinus of each eye,
58 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
yellow. The anterior margin of prothorax, two marginal spots
on each wing scale, post-tegule, two spots on post-scutel, two
longitudinal fasciz on the metathorax, the end of petiole and the
margin of the abdominal segment, yellow; the lamellar margin
of these also yellow or ferruginous, as well. as the margin of the
anus. A spot at the end of the femora and a line on the tibie
of the first two pair, yellow. Wings subhyaline with brown veins;
the 2d cubital cell subtriangular ; its radial tip very little trun-
cate; the second recurrent nerve inserted in the middle of the
posterior margin.
Less. a. diff.—This remarkable type has a certain resemblance
to the Humenes of Division Zeta, because of its elongate linear
flattened petiole; but this is not so much flattened, nor parted by
a furrow, but prismatic, and the head with its short mandibles is
quite that of a Zethus.
It has a very near relationship to the Asiatic Zabus but differs
essentially by its prismatic petiole, a form which I have not yet
met with in the Wasp.
Hab. Chili. (This insect was given to me by the celebrated
oculist and remarkable entomologist, Dr. Sichel, to whom it is
dedicated. )
Gen. DISCGELIUS Latr.
Lip moderate. Labial palpi composed of four articles. Maz-
illary palpi composed of six articles. JJandzbles short, obliquely
truncate. Head often enlarged and a little emarginate behind.
Thoraz lengthened, often angulate before. Abdomen pediculate;
the first segment transformed into a campanular or linear petiole.
This genus differs from Zethus by its labial palpi composed of
four articles, and from Humenes by the mandibles which are not
prolonged in the form of a beak.
This genus connects itself to Zethus by its mandibles, and to
Eumenes and to Odynerus by its complete palpi; the forms of
its representatives are also intermediate, in some degree, to Zethus
and to Humenes, and somewhat to Nortonia and Zethus by the
subpediculate abdomen. The form of the thorax, often bordered
and angulated before, especially assimilates it to that which one
sees in the Zethus.
EUMENES. 59
i. D. merula Corris.
Discelius merula Curtis, Trans. Linn. Soc. XVI, 325, 1834.—Saovss.
Vespides III, 124.
Epipona chilensis Spin., Gay’s Mist. fisica de chile, Zool. VI, 248, 1851.
Discalius chilensis Sauss. Vespides, I, 25, 1, 1852.
Discalius Spinola,! Sauss. Vespides, I, 25, 2, 1852, III, 124.
Hab, Chili.
2. D. pulchelius Savss.—9Q. Parvulus, punctulatus; elypeo piri-
formi; apice truncato; pronoto antice biangulato, metanoto rotundato ;
petiolo brevissimo, campanulato grosse punctato; apice puncto impresso ;
abdominis secundo segmento nitido, supra inflato.—Insectum nigrum,
» mandibulis puncto basali, clypei apice macula nigra, fascia frontali,
puncto post-scutellari, scapi fascia antica, flavis; antennarum flagello
subtus ferrugineo; pronoto antice, tegulis, scutellis et metanoto, flavis,
(sed puncto in tegulis et matanoti sulconigris;) abdominis segmentorum
li 2' limbo et secundi maculis 2 lateralibus, flavis; pedibus flavis,
fusco-variis; alis hyalinis, stigmate et areola radiali fuscis, costa fus-
cescente.
*%. Mandibulis et clypeo flavis; hoc apice subbidentato, antennarum
uncino minuto ferrugineo.
Discelius pulchellus Sauss. Vespides, III, 127, 15.
Hab. Mexico; Jamaica.
Legion il. The Odynerites.
Mandibles more or less lengthened, terminating in a point,
forming generally by their union a long sharp beak, or when
crossed, an X. Their teeth placed on their inner border ( Vide
Saussure, Vespides, I, p. 27, 11).
Gen. EUMENES Fasr.
Organs buccate, very long. Tongue long, a little plumose.
Galeas (or appendices) of the jaw very long. Palpi lengthened;
labial composed of four articles; the maxillary of six. Mandibles
very long, sharp pointed, having a triturating lateral border and
forming by their union a lengthened beak. (In exceptions the
mandibles are sometimes shorter.)
a - - eet
1 A variety of Chilensis.
60 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
Head much compressed transversely, that is, wide, but not thick,
nor enlarged; the eyes very convex and entirely covering the
cheeks. Clypeus always longer than wide, with a variable
termination (bidentate, indented, truncate, or rounded).
Thorax variable, globular, or long quadrate, rarely compressed,
but always without spiniform angles.
Abdomen lengthened pediculate. The first segment forming a
linear or subcampanulate petiole, about as long as the thorax;
the remainder of the abdomen pyriform.
This genus is very abundant in species, and is found over all
the surface of our globe. It is broken up into peculiar types, of
which one (Division Alpha) is represented everywhere, and the
others solely on one part of our planet. These types are con-
nected by natural transitions which embarrass one in assigning
them very fixed limits.
The Lwmenes are well represented on the new continent. Of
six divisions' into which I have divided the genus, four are found
on the Western Continent, but the divisions Pachymenes,
Omicron, and Zeta, are only represented in the tropical parts of
America. The insects, peculiar to the Division Omicron, inhabit
all the equinoctial parts of the continent; and those which belong
in the Division Alpha, extend themselves over the two American
continents within their most extended limits.
Division PACHYMENES.
(Sauss. Vespides I, 73, III, 153.)
Abdomen much depressed, never compressed, petiole widened
or campanular, parted by a groove; its hinder margin having
usually a transverse groove; clypeus generally bidentate ; body
smooth, silky, and chatoyant or velvety; wings large. (American
type.) |
These insects have the appearance of Polybia, as the Monte-
zumia have that of Syneca. It is especially by this appearance
that one recognizes them and the semblance holds good in the
depressed form of the petiole and in the pyriform abdomen as
well as the silky appearance of the body.
! IT do not count the Division Pareumenes, which is worthy to form a
genus (Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides, III, 133).
EUMENES. 61
Among certain species, the thorax becomes narrow, lengthened,
compressed, and the metathorax is sometimes lengthened, so that
the resemblance to the Polybia increases. Although the Pachy-
menes present a series of forms corresponding to those which one
sees among the Polybia; yet one can easily distinguish them from
these social insects by their truncate or bidentate clypeus, which
is not angularly terminated by a sort of tooth.’
This group is not as yet well studied; most. of its species,
which appear to be rather numerous, are only known by rare
specimens scattered about in collections which have much simi-
larity among themselves, all having a silky body and colors pale
or variable, so that one can easily confound them.
Unfortunately it is impossible for me here to establish good
differential characters between these insects, from only knowing
some of them by unique specimens and not having under my eyes
the types of all species heretofore described.
I established the genus Pachymenes in the monography of
solitary wasps to receive those Humenes of which the clypeus is
bidentate, the abdomen depressed, and of which the smooth and
satin-like body recalls the appearance of Polybia. But I have
now renounced this section, so difficult to define, although includ-
ing insects of a very peculiar appearance; for since that time I
have found many American Humenes having the clypeus biden-
tate at the end, while certain Pachymenes have a bidentate
petiole, which destroys one of the differences on which the genus
Pachymenes was founded. I have, therefore, undertaken to
reduce the consideration of this generic group to that of a sim-
ple division of genera, and this division itself goes over into the
division Omicron so that it is impossible to fix a refined limit
between them. (Hx. . Santa-Anna goes over to division Omi-
cron and is quite close to LH. levis.)
1. Form rather lengthened ; thorax longer than wide; abdomen
hardly depressed, the 2d segment not campanular.
A. Petiole campanular, enlarged above beyond the middle,
' In my Monographie des Guepes Solitaires, I have confounded certain
species of Polybia described by Fabricius with the Pachymenes. See
Vespides, III, p. 158. (On the line before the last of that page, for chry-
sothorax, read pallipes.)
62 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.
humped, the boss divided by a groove ; its extremity bordered
by a salient band.
a. Thorax rather compressed, lengthened.
4. E. sericeus Sauss.—Gracilis, fusco-niger; thorace compresso;
pedibus, petiolo et thorace supra ferrugineo-fulvis ; hoc valde fulvo- .
velutino; alis subhyalinis, costa fusca. Q.
Pachymenes sericea Sauss. Vespides, I, 74, 1 (Syn. excl.) ; pl. xii, fig. 5;
Til, 153. /
Total length, 19 mill.; wing, 15 mill.
2. Slender; thorax compressed, rather narrow anteriorly.
Head black; clypeus bicarinate at the extremity, bidentate or
notched; the inner orbits and a line behind the eyes rather yel-
lowish. Antenne at tip a little ferruginous beneath. Thorax
blackish, but having its upper parts ferruginous or ornamented
with yellowish, and all covered, as well as the sides, with velvety
fulvous hair, rather woolly, which makes it quite fulvous. Petiole
slender, ferruginous velvety; its base brown, its extremity a little
obscure with a more yellowish border; the rest of the abdomen
of a brown-olivaceous color. Feet ferruginous, more or less
brownish or yellowish.
Ress. a. diff—Very much resembles auratus, from which it
differs principally by its quite woolly, velvety hairy thorax and ~
by its less bidentate clypeus.
Hab. Brazil. Bahia. (Paris museum.)
2. E. auratus n. sp.—Fulvo-olivaceus ; capite fusco; clypeo biden-
tato, apice testaceo-marginato; thorace aureo-sericeo, compresso, meta-
noto valde angusto, sed pronoto antice haud coarctato, petiolo campa-
nulato, gibboso, suleo subpartito, apice puncto impresso, basi nigro;
mandibulis, orbitis, prunoti marginibus, mesonoti et metanoti fasciis 2,
scutellis, tegulis et macula subalari, frequenter testaceis ; alis paulum
ferrugineis. ©,
Total length, 17 mill.; wing, 13 mill.
2. Insect slender, of an olive-brown, rather velutinous. Head
blackish, with the orbits somewhat bordered with testaceous;
clypeus flattened, a little bicarinate, toward the end strongly
bidentate ; its teeth spiniform, separated by a triangular notch;
its extremity and its inferior border yellow-testaceous, as weil as
the mandibles. Antenne ferruginous beneath, especially toward
EUMENES. 63
the end. Thorax convex, strongly compressed, strongly con-
tracted toward metathorax, but not on the prothorax, which is
squarely truncate. All the corselet covered with a silky golden-
yellow pile; the posterior border of the prothorax and its anterior
margin about the angles, two bands on the mesothorax, two on
the metathorax, scutels, wing scales, and a spot under the wing
testaceous. Abdomen olive-brown, silky, having an olivaceous
reflection; petiole campanulate in the middle; its dilated part
carrying a boss terminated by a groove, its border limited by a
rim or rounded band. Its linear part black at the base and a
little testaceous, second segment oval, lengthened, depressed.
Legs varied with testaceous; wings transparent, ferruginous, with
the extremity griseous.
fess. a. dif/,—This species resembles the ZH. olivaceus in the
form of its head and of its abdomen, but its thorax is more com-
pressed, more narrow and lengthened in proportion; the meta-
thorax is much compressed and is not bicarinate.
It may be that this is a variety of the ZH. sericeus of which the
woolly hair of the thorax has been rubbed off?
flab. Brazil. Bahia.
&. KH. chrysothorax Savss.
Pachymenes chrysothorax Sauss. Vespides, III, 153, 43.
Hab. Brazil. (Typus in museo Parisiensi. )
This species, of which I cannot again examine the type, is most
likely a var. of 7. sericeus. It is proper to notice that the forms
should be those of LZ. pallipes.
b. Thorax not compressed, moderately wide.
4. BH. pallipes Savss.—Fusco-olivaceus ; capite nigro; antennis apice
subtus ferrugineis; clypeo bicarinato, apice bispinoso, testaceo; orbitis
partim, mesonoti fasciis 2, scutellis, metanoto superne pleurisque, flavo-
testaceis ; pedibus ferrugineis; alis ferrugineis, apice fusco-nebulosis ;
petiolo sat dilatato, superne tumido, ante marginem canaliculato. 9°.
Longit. 17 mm.
Pachymenes pallipes Sauss. Vespides, I, 75, 3 (Syn. excl.) ; III, 153.
This species is not so slender as the preceding ; the petiole is
wider. he insect is probably sericeous when living.
Var. Prothorax bordered with testaceous
The colors are certainly very variable.
Hab. South America. (Paris museum.)
64 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
5. E. olivaceus n. sp.—Olivaceo-fuscus, clypeo valde bidentato, apice
flavo-testaceo; thorace aureo-sericeo, antice quadrato, metanoto superne
bicarinato ; petiolo tumido sulco partito; ‘antennis subtus, tegulis et
tarsis, ferrugineis ; orbitarum maculis fascia interrupta post-scutelli
tibiisque extus testaceis; alis diaphanis, ferrugineis. 9.
Total length, 20 mill. ; wing, 15 mill.
Brown-chocolate or olive. Head and antenne blackish. Head
and thorax very delicately punctured, sericeous; prothorax broad
and square; metathorax narrower, short, having in its superior
part two carine which start nearly from the angles of the post-
scutel. The whole thorax with a golden reflection, velutinous
principally on the metathorax. fPetiole pyriform-campanular,
swelled above, parted by a delicate groove, bordered by a cordon
preceded by a transverse groove. The rest of the abdomen
depressed—pear-shaped ; the 2d segment rather elongate.
Antenne ferruginous beneath, principally at the extremity ;
wing scales and tarsi ferruginous. Mandibles, a line behind each
eye, and often the inner orbits testaceous. ‘Tibiw, knees, and
cox varied with pale yellow; an interrupted line of this color
margining the post-scutel. Borders of prothorax often ferrugi-
nous owwith golden reflections. Wings transparent, ferruginous.
?. Clypeus oval, black, scarcely punctate, ending with two
carine in two long teeth, separated by a triangular notch; its
extremity and inferior margins yellow-testaceous.
Ress. a. diff—This species much resembles #. obscurus and
ater, but differs by its metathoracic carine. It differs from £.
brunneus by its scrolled, swelled, and bordered petiole.
Hab. Surinam. This species has been communicated to me
by Capt. Von Heyden from the Senkeaberg Museum at Frank-
furt (Germany).
6. E. obscurus Smirx.—Validus, niger, sericeus; clypeo apice biden-
tato; mandibulis, flagello, pedibus anticis subtus, pronoti margine
postico tegulisque, ferrugineis; alis hyalino-ferrugineis. 9.
Pachymenes obscura Smitu, Cat. Brit. Mus. Vespid., 34, 7 (1857).
Total length, 22 mill.; wing, 18 mm.
2. Black. Clypeus pyriform, having a triangular notch at its
extremity, and bidentate; often two little carine terminating in
the apical teeth. Mandibles long, slender, a little arcuated at
EUMENES. 65
tip. Thorax rather square shaped anteriorly, not margined.
Petiole campanulate, rather short; its dilatation broad, swollen
superiorly; the longitudinal channel quite obsolete, only distinct
on the anterior part of the dilatation. The rest of the abdomen
depressed.
The whole body very smooth; head and thorax very finely
punctured, covered with a fine fulvous silky pubescence. Man-
dibles, flagellum of the antenne, fore legs beneath, posterior
margin of the prothorax and wing scales, ferruginous; the borders
of the abdominal segments often brownish or ferruginous. Wings
transparent-ferruginous with brown nervures; their apical part
griseous. |
Var. a. Legs, knees, etec., rather ferruginous.
b. Abdomen quite black.
c. A little ferruginous spot under the wing; two dots on base
of antenne.
d. An interrupted ferruginous line on the post-scutel and two
obsolete lines on the mesothorax.
e. Metathorax and scutels marked with ferruginous (obscura
Smith),
Jj. The general color brownish.
g. The emargination of the clypeus more or less pronounced ;
the eclypeus not bidentate, only a little emarginate at tip.
h. A yellow mark on each side of the clypeus.
Ress. a. diff.—This species much resembles LZ. ater, but the
thorax seems to be shorter and thicker. It differs from Aztecus
by its shorter petiole, of which the dilation is more triangular,
less elongate, and by its clypeus destitute of spines. Compare
Ef. ater.
Ilab. The temperate parts of Mexico. Orizaba. 6 9.
“%. KE. ater Savuss.—Niger, obscure-sericans ; clypeo bidentato, sul fureo-
marginato; orbitis partim, post-scutelli fascia interrupta et petioli
margine, sulfureis vel ferrugineis.—% tibiis flavo-variis.
Pachymenes atra Sauss. Vespides, I, 75, 2; III, 153.
Total length, 20 mill. ; wing, 15 mill.
Form nearly as in 2. obscurus ; clypeus bidentate in the same
way; the same punctuation, but a little smaller in size. The
metathorax clothed with gray pile. The petiole not quite so
5
66 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
much dilated posteriorly, having on its hinder part a very obso-
lete wide channel. The thorax shorter, more convex; the ante-
rior margin a little bordered.
Black, with a fine sericeous reflection; flagellum of ile antenne
beneath, principally at tip, Pra cine an interrupted line. on
the post-scutel and on the hind margin of the petiole, yellow.
The end of the femora and the tibie a little tinged with yellow.
Wings ferruginous.
2. The emargination and the lateral borders of the clypeus, a
line along the orbits inside and at top outside, sulphur-yellow ;
mandibles in part and the tarsi, ferruginous.
Var. The mesopleure marked with ferruginous; the end of the
clypeus not yellow. Margin of segments brownish.
%. Antenne terminated by a little brown hook. The yellow
ornaments of clypeus more extended. Mandibles black; tibiz
with a yellow band.
Var. No yellow border at the petiole.
Ress. a. diff.—This species differs from Olivaceus by its
metathorax, which is not carinated.
Hab: Brazil. Bio Janeiro. 2,2, 2 %.
B. Petiole pyriform, depressed, less inflated above, not divided
by a@ groove.
S. E. Samta-Anna. (Fig. 6, 6a.)—Niger, politus, vel punctulatus,
argenteo-sericeus;clypeo bidentato; metanoto brevi, convexo, abdomine
depresso ; puncto frontali, pronoti margine postico, et antice fascia inter-
rupta, scutelli margine, post-scutello, maculis subalaribus, et segmen-
torum abdominis 1, 2 limbo tibiarumyue fascia, luteis; alis fusco-
venosis.—Valde variabilis species.
Eumenes Santa-Anna Sauss. Revue. et Mag. de Zoolog., IX, 1857, 272.
Total length, 16 mill.; wing, 11 mm.
Of medium size. Body polished, nearly impunctate. Ocelli
arranged on. an arcuate line. Clypeus bidentate; its teeth
spiniform. Thorax wide and quadrate before; very slightly
bordered anteriorly; its angles a little rounded. Metathorax
short, convex, as among the true Humenes, polished and punctate.
Abdomen much depressed. Petiole nearly of the length of the
thorax, campanulate, smooth, and shining, its posterior moiety
very wide and strongly depressed, its posterior border thickened
EU MENES. 67
in a marginal cordon, which is preceded by a transverse groove ;
the convexity not divided by a longitudinal furrow. Second
segment short above, nearly wider than long; its posterior border
not turned up. The metathorax has its lateral faces plane and
obliquely cut.
Insect black, little or not at all punctured, but smooth, shining,
and garnished with a silky pile of gray hair, which gives it a
satin-like or silvery appearance. A line on the scape, a little dot
on the face, a line behind each eye, posterior border of prothorax
along the curve of mesothorax, an interrupted border on the
anterior margin of prothorax, two spots under the wings and a
point on each side of the summit of the metathorax, anterior
border of the scutellum, post-scutel, and border of segments 1, 2,
of a sulphur-whitish color, generally a lateral yellow spot smelted
with the border of the petiole. Antenne black, ferruginous
beneath. Legs black, the tibis marked with a yellow line.
Wings transparent, with the nervures, the costa, and the radial
cell brown. Wing scales red or brown; their appendicular scale
yellow at the extremity.
2. Clypeus margined with yellow on each side.
Var. Clypeus black; the scape only tawny beneath.
%. Hook of the antenne long and ferruginous. Clypeus black,
argenteous.
Var. a. No spots on the metathorax. The spots of the thorax
more or Jess complete. This part of the body often passing into
brown. ‘The flagellum ferruginous beneath.
Hab. The gulf side of Mexico. Tampico. Orizaba, Cordova.
SUS ee
2. Thorax short, globular. Petiole somewhat funnel-shaped,
much lengthened; 2d segment almost the shape of a globular
bell. Body velvety, bristling with hair.
9. E. vemtricosus Savss.
Pachymenes ventricosa Sauss. Vespides, I, 77, 5, pl. xii, fig. 7.
Var. a. Second ‘abdominal segment not margined with yellow.
b. Wings very dark with brown reflections.
Hab. South America. Sante Fé de Bogota (not Carolina, as
a false ‘étiquette” made in print). Venezuela,
68 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA, [PART 1.
Division OMICRON.
(Sauss. Vespides, I, 71; IL, 133, 148.)
Body sericeus. Clypeus @ bidentate, often bicarinate. Thorax
very short, cubical before, globular behind. Petiole very elongate
—pear-shaped, not campanulate in the middle, swollen into a
polished boss at the extremity; its margin bordered by a polished
cordon, preceded by a transverse channel or constriction, but
without impressed point at the extremity; the marginal cordon
forming a simple yellow (or black) line, without indentations as
in Division a. ‘The rest of the abdomen more or less depressed,
never compressed, often polished. Second abd. segment having
its colored border followed by a second lamellar margin; second
cubital cell short. Antenne of males with a very small terminal
hook, or even quite destitute of hook, as in the females.
Ornaments.—The colored border of the posterior margin of
prothorax more pronounced than the anterior one; fasciz gene-
rally not wide. The petiole often ferruginous in the middle and
on the sides, its hind margin with a yellow band, and often also
ornamented on each side by an oblique yellow line fused with the
yellow border.
This section only contains species of small size. The head
and the thorax are very large compared with the abdomen; they
are sometimes cribrose with great punctures and covered with a
silvery pile, in place of being hairy, sub-woolly as most species of
the Division Alpha. The clypeus is more or less bidentate, never
distinctly truncate, and the ocelli have a tendency to arrangement
in a straight or arcuate transverse line. The emargination of
the eyes is situated very low, almost in the middle of their height,
and these organs entirely cover the sides of the head, which is
short. The antenne are inserted very low, sometimes below the
middle of the head.
The thorax is drawn together so as to become at times wider
than long. In front it holds in effect to the cube, being squarely
cut; behind it is rounded, tending rather to the globular form.
The part situated before the scutellum is always sensibly wider
than long, and the prothorax is not in the least attenuated; on the
contrary, it is angulate, squarely cut, and forms the wider part of
the thorax. The scufels are quite driven back upon the slope of
the metathorax, which is completely drawn together, having its
EU MENES. 69
inferior part almost retracted before; its posterior face is con-
vex, not at all or hardly divided by a channel into two ridges:
its lateral faces are oblique, and form at their meeting with the
hinder part two trenchant vertical edges. Behind the wing scale
there is a little process The petiole, at first slender, expands
at the extremity more like a small funnel than in a pyriform
shape.
The clypeus of the males is generally not colored yellow as in
the division Alpha, but resembles that of the female.
The most perfect type of this little group is the /. globicollis
Spin.
The characters which call for enumeration are on each side more
and more effaced among the species which by their form approach
to the type of Division Pachymenes and of the Division Alpha.
(For example the 4. callimorpha holds almost middle ground
between the Division Omteron and Alpha; E. Sumichrasti has
a sort of impression at the end of petiole, as in Division Alpha;
Li. infernalis has the second segment swelled, subecompressed,
etc. )
One must not be too particular about the indefinable limits of
the divisions.
A. Thorax quite short, cubic-globular, larger than the pear of
the abdomen; the 2d seqment of this wider than long (as in
genus Tatua), wide-globular.
10. E. globicollis Spix. 9.—Niger, cano-sericeus, dense-cribrato-
punctatus; capite latiore qnam longiore; clypeo pentagonali, levi,
punctulato, apice subfisso; thorace globoso, penelatiore quam longiore,
superne valde convexo, antice truncato, vix perspicue marginato; petialo
antice lineari, postice trigonali. parum marginato; 2° abd. segmento
depresso, truncato, cum sequentibus valde cano-illudente: antennis
subtus, macula frontali, pronoti marginibus, scutellis pedibusque,
petiolo subtus, nee non abd. segmentorum margine, plus minus obscure
fusco-ferruginescentibus ; orbitis postice, post-tegulis, margineque peti-
oli, flavis; alis basi fuscescentibus, Long. 9 mill.
Variat. fere omnino niger, vel 2° abd. segmento flavo-limbato.
Zethus globicolis, Sprroua Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr., 1841, X, 150, pl. xiii, fig. 6.
Eumenes globicollis Sauss. Et. Vespides, IIT, 151, 40, pl. viii, fig. 6, Ga.
=
Hab. Brazil. Para. (Typus in museo Spinole (mus, Tauri-
nense) et in auctoris museo. )
70 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
Li. E. regulus Sauss. (Fig. 7, 7a, 7b.)—Minutus, niger, subsericeus;
thorace minore, sparse cribrato-punctato; abdomine polito; clypeo
subemarginato; antennis subtus et prouoti margine antico, ferrugineis;
puncto frontali, margine postivo pronoti, post-scutelli et abdominis seg-
mentorum 1-2, flavis; alis infuscatis, stigmate opaco; tegulis ferru-
gineo-marginatis.
Eumenes regulus Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool., IX, 1857, 272.
Total length, 7} mill.; wing, 6 mill.
°. Very small. Head densely punctured. Ocelli placed in a
line very little bent, not forming a triangle. Clypeus delicately
punctured, convex, having its extremity pointed, hardly notched
and bidentate. Thorax strongly cubical, offering all tke charac-
ters of the division, cribrose with large deep scattered punctures;
angles of the prothorax a little raised. Metathorax flattened
convex, only divided by a line, cribrose like the rest of thorax.
Petiole as long as the thorax, polished, not cribrose, linear as far
as the middle, then enlarged triangularly, bossed, swelled above
at the extremity and finally bordered with a salient yellow cordon,
which is preceded by a transverse channel; the pyriform part
of the abdomen very small. Second segment globularly bell-
shaped, depressed, wider than long, flattened beneath, convex
above, polished, offering a satin-gray reflection; its hinder border
rather concave, cut out.
Insect black, clothed with a silvery pile: mandibles, the scape
and extremity of the antennz beneath and a point between their
insertion, ferruginous; posterior border of the orbits and a point
in their sinus, yellow or ferruginous; anterior border of the pro-
thorax ferruginous; the posterior one margined with a yellow
band, which makes an angle with a ferruginous or yellow fascia
placed on the sides before the wing scale. Anterior margin of
scutel, post-scutel, and a line on each side on the edge of the
metathorax, or only a spot on each side on its summit, yellow;
wing scale ferruginous or bordered with brown, the post-tegular
process yellow. Often there is on the thorax something of brown.
Petiole often having its middle and a line on each side ferrugi-
nous; its hinder margin adorned with a yellow border, fused with
a yellow spot on each side of its extremity. The second segment
margined with yellow. The other segments black, or bordered
by a yellow or testaceous submarginal slightly sinuous band. Feet
EUMENES. Tk
black, varied with ferruginous; tarsi and tibiew Ist, 2d, brown or
ferruginous. Wings transparent, smoky; brown along the ante-
rior margin; the brown extending as far as the end of the radial
cell. Stigma very large, black, often opaque, surrounded by a
transparent zone. First discoidal cell almost rectangular; third
cubital wider than long; the second small.
%. Thirteenth article of the antenne very variable, sometimes
rudimentary, not forming a hook, but only a little tubercle, some-
times forming a very small black hook; sometimes more elongate,
ferruginous. Sometimes the antenne are simple, as in the females.
Clypeus as in the ¢, hardly emarginate, shining, black; its infe-
rior extremity only presenting two small approaching projections,
or a little parted by a channel; black, as in the 2, or with two
yellow dots near the summit. ©
Var. a. Markings of the thorax often ferruginous and the little
process situated behind the wing scale, not yellow; the yellow
fasciz of the last segments of the abdomen dull, sometimes fer-
ruginous.
b. Head entirely black. Scutel scarcely marked with yellow.
c. The scape of the antenne ferruginous, obscure above.
d. Wing scale ferruginous.
e. Petiole quite black.
J. The yellow ornaments changing into ferruginous.
g. Metathorax quite black.
h. No yellow fascia before the tegule on the sides.
Common varieties.—A. The 2d segment a little shorter; its
margin a little more concave. Hinder margin of prothorax
honey-yellow or fulvous; scutel and post-scutel dull rufous, meso-
pleuree dull rufous. (10 2,2 %.)
Var. Scutel rufous, post-scutel yellow. J cannot consider this
as a different species.
B. Prothorax quite black, with the hinder margin yellow;
scutel black; post-tegule and post-seutel,yellow; two yellow
dots on top of metathorax, or two lines on its angles.
Ress. a. diff.—Differs from the #. microscopicus (its near
neighbor) by the arrangement of the ocelli, which do not form a
triangle, but only an areuate line.
It is distinguished from 2. Meaicanus by its small size; by its
yet: shorter thorax, more analogous to that of the 2. globicollis;
by its abdomen, longer and smaller in proportion; by its elypeus
72 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
not distinctly bidentate at the end; by the opaque stigma of the
wing; and by the much coarser puncture of the thorax. It differs
from “. aviculus by its smaller thorax, polished, impunctate
abdomen; from (thoracicus by its smaller, regularly convex
thorax; from TYotonacus by its grayish-silky body, its pale yellow
ornaments, its narrow abdominal bands, and its wings in which
the 2d recurrent nerve is not interstitial, but falls into the 2d
cubital cell. This Hwmenes much resembles Polybia occidentalis,
parcvula, ete., but differs by its clypeus not angular and by the
punctures of the body.
Hab. The hot and temperate regions of Mexico. Tampico,
Cordova, Orizaba. (I have taken several specimens, 9 %, at
Tampico and at Cordova, 44 2; 27 %.)
Fig. 7 represents the male enlarged; the petiole is a little too short, and
its pyriform part too large. In the fig. 7a, the clypeus is not sufficiently
prolonged at the extremity, and tootruncate. In the fig. 7b, the abdomen
is too large.
312. E. Fotomacus n. sp.—Minutus, niger, nitidissimus; thorace
punctato, petiolo elongato, lineari, apice trigonaliter dilatato; pronoti
margine postico, post-scutello, metanoti strigis 2, abdominis segmentorum
li, 2i margine sat late, lete flavis, petiolo medio ferrugineo; alis infu-
matis, 2" vena recurrente interstitiali.
©. Total length, 8 mill.; wing, 63 mill.
*%,. Total length, 7 mill.; wing, 53 mill.
2. Quite similar to #. regulus; only differing by the follow-
ing: Body more brilliant black, less grayish-silky. Clypeus
shining, delicately punctured, and its extremity parted by a groove,
subbidentate. Head finely punctured. Scutel convex, parted by
a strong groove. Metathorax parted by a groove up to the top
as in Regulus, or still more strongly; more polished, punctures
more scattered. fPetiole a little longer; all of the abdomen very
much polished.
Black: A spot at base and extremity of the scape, and the
extremity of antenne beneath, tawny; a spot in the sinus of the
eye and one behind the summit, yellow or tawny; posterior mar-
gin of prothorax, post-tegule, post-scutel, and angles of meta-
thorax, bright yellow; the middle of the petiole ferruginous ; its
margin vellow; on each side a transverse line fused with the
yellow border; the second segment with a rather broad yellow
EUMENES. 73
fascia; those following with a piceous border. Tibis and tarsi
more or less ferruginous. Wings cloudy, the 2d recurrent nerve
quite interstitial, or even falling a little into the third cubital
cell. ,
%. Hook of the antenne very small.
Var. a. Metathorax without yellow fascie.
b. A spot under the wing and the anterior border of prothorax
in part, yellow or tawny.
Ress. a. diff.—This species is an example of the difficulty of
the study of these numerous little Mexican species, which is not
possible but with numerous specimens. It quite resembles ZL.
regulus, but the body is very much polished (like glass), very
black, not grayish, and the more elongate filiform part of the
petiole gives it a peculiar appearance; the yellow ornaments also
are bright yellow, not citron; the yellow fascia of the 2d segment
is wider, and nearly double; the tip of petiole has a fascia; lastly
the character of the wing is a very sure guide in distinguishing
this species.
mgueeexico, Banos, 3 9, 1%.
13. E. aviculus n. sp.—Parvulus, thorace valido, globoso, convexo,
dense cribrato-punctato; aldomine punctato; petiolo postive trigonali
obscure rufo-variegato, scutellis et pedibus partim rufis; alis nebulosis ;
variat scutello nigro, post-scutello flavo.
@. Total length, 8-9 mill.; wing, 6.3 mill.
*,. Total length, 7.5 mill.; wing, 5 mill.
2. Form much the same as in #. regulus. But the thorax
much larger, cubic; the petiole wider, more triangular posteriorly,
and more inflated. Head a little more strongly punctured, thorax
more densely, quite densely cribrose; the petiole and abdomen are
also densely punctured, but not so coarsely as the thorax. Clypeus
a little wider, cribrose, its apex also subbidentate, or divided by
a little groove. Disk of mesothorax more wide than long, parted
anteriorly by a little suleosity; secutels quite oblique, forming
altogether with the metathorax the convex hind face of the
thorax. Second segment depressed.
Black, very slightly sericeous. Tips of mandibles, antenne
beneath, a frontal spot, a line behind the eyes, borders of pro-
thorax, mesopleure, tegule, scutels, sides of metathorax and of
the abdomen, berders of all the segments, tibix, and tarsi, dull-
74 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
rufous. Wings cloudy, iridescent; nerves and stigma blackish;
2d cubital cell as in #. regulus, as long as wide; its radial
margin broad.
Var. a. Mandibles more ferruginous. Antenne dull ferrugi-
nous with an obscure line on the scape, and blackish on the
flagellum.
b. Head black without ferruginous spots.
c. Prothorax ferruginous.
d. Post-scutel and tegule blackish.
e. Prothorax black, only the posterior border ferruginous.
jf. Angles of post-scutel, post-tegule, and border of petiole
yellow.
%. Smaller. Clypeus grayish-silky. Antenne with a little
ferruginous hook. ‘The frontal spot, scape beneath, margin of
petiole yellow.
Var. Prothorax black; its hinder margin yellow; post-scutel
yellow ; margin of the abdominal segments yellowish.
Common -variety.—Generally of small size. Body quite black;
scape and apex of the antenne beneath ferruginous. Posterior
border of prothorax, post-scutel, border of abdominal segment,
Ist, 2d, yellow; of the others dull-yellowish. Tegule fuscous ;
feet partly ferruginous. Petiole not so much dilated posteriorly,
more pyriform than triangular. (5 9, 2%. Cordova.)
Ress. a. diff.—A very distinct species by its large convex
thorax and strongly punctured abdomen. The head and thorax
are much as in Zhoracicus, but the dorsum of the thorax is regu-
Jarly convex, not deformed. In the little varieties, the thorax
gets smaller, and the petiole narrower than in Regulus, but the
punctured abdomen always enables one to distinguish the species.
Hab. Mexico; the Oriental Cordillera; Orizaba, Cordoba,
Moyoapam. (12 2, 6% )
14. E. thoracicus pn. sp.—Parvulus, niger fulvo-velutinus: thorace
sat valido, globoso, superne deformi, mesonoti disco subbicarinato,
utrinque foveolato et subgibberoso, sparse cribrato-punctato; abdomine
impunctato, petiolo postice piriformi; corpore obscure rufo-variegato ;
seutellis rufis; petiolo flavo-limbato: alis nebulosis.
@. Total length, 10 mil’. ; wing, 8 mm.
%. Total length, 9 mill.; wing, 7 mm.
2. Head and thorax as in Z. aviculus. Clypeus punctured,
but not bicarinate, and parted by a groove at tip; having the tip
EUMENES. 1a
flat, a little truncate, or sub-emarginate. The head a little more
unequal; the grooves of the antennex stronger, etc. The thorax
not quite so large nor so cubic anteriorly ; the disk of the meso-
thorax somewhat gibbous, having two longitudinal caring: in the
middle and on each side before a sort of sinking or excavation,
behind which is an eminence next to the wing scale; two sulco-
sities continue the excavation up to the scutel; the scutellum
oblique, parted by a groove; the metathorax still more divided
by a groove. The thorax covered with strong, rather scattered
punctures; on the metathorax not so strong. Abdomen polished,
not punctured, or only indistinctly ; petiole more elongate, not
so broad, behind more pyriform-truncate than triangular, not
much inflated.
Black, with a fulvo-sericeus pile. End of mandibles, antenne
beneath, a frontal spot, a line behind the eyes, and a spot in their
emargination, dull ferruginous. Both borders of prothorax,
tegula, post-tegule, scutels, and sides of the abdomen, obscure
ferruginous ; border of petiole with a yellow margin; the other
segments with an obscure ferruginous marginal band; that of
the third and following segments twice notched. Feet ferrugi-
nous, black at base. Wings cloudy, nerves blackish.
%. A little smaller, but quite identical with the female. The
clypeus might be a little more bidentate; the hook of antenne
small, blackish.
Var. a. Antenne, prothorax, and mesopleure more or less
ferruginous.
b. The disk of mesothorax not bicarinate.
Ress. a. diff.—This species is very much like #. aviculus, having
nearly the same coloration, but differs principally by its not
strongly punctate abdomen, and narrower, longer petiole. It is
easy to distinguish from all neighboring species by its deformed
mesothorax; in other things quite close to BE. regulus.
Hab. Mexico. Oriental Cordillera. (20 2, 3 %, Mr. Suni-
chrast. )
B. Thorax a little longer than wide. The 2d segment of abdo-
men sometimes rather elongate.
15. EH. Mexicanus. (Fig. 8, 8a.)—Sat minntus, niger, dense pune-
tatus ; scutello crassius cribrato; elypeo plano, nitido, apice bispinoso;
utrinque antennis subtus et pronoti margine antico, ferrugineis, puneto
.
76 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
frontali, pronoti margine postico et abd. segmentorum 1, 2' limbo, flavis ;
pedibus obscure ferrugineis, basi nigris; alis subinfuscatis.
Eumenes Mexicanus Sauss. Rev. Zool., 1857, VI, 272.
2. Total length, 11 mill. ; wing, 8 mm.
*%. Total length, 10 mill.; wing, 7 mm.
Not so small as the preceding; head wide, densely punc-
tured. Clypeus pyriform, flattened, terminated by two sharp,
spiniform teeth ; a frontal carina between the antenne continued
hy a delicate sulcosity up to the middle ocellus. ‘Thorax cubical
before, rounded behind, nearly as wide as long; densely punc-
tured throughout; its anterior margin a little turned up.
The punctures a little finer on the metathorax, those of scutel-
lum coarse and more distant or scattered. Disk of mesothorax
parted by a delicate sulcosity. Abdomen shining and polished ;
petiole punctured but shining, at first linear and then truncate,
pear-shaped, bossed, somewhat bidentate, rimmed at the extremity ;
the rim preceded by a strong constriction; the pyriform part of
the abdomen shining and satin like; very finely punctured; the
second segment a little contracted behind, slightly depressed; that
is, wider than high, somewhat wider than long; truncated a little
from above downward and from before backward; that is, the
inferior face is a little longer than the superior; the posterior
border slightly sinuous in the middle; the subjacent lamina not
sinuous.
Body black, clothed with a silvery-falvous pile Mandibles
ferruginous at the extremity and sometimes tinged with that color
at base. A yellow or ferruginous spot between the antenne;
these last black above, ferruginous beneath; often the scape is
chestnut-bay beneath and at base. Posterior border of the pro-
thorax marked with a narrow yellow line; the anterior and lateral
borders rufous. Scutellum often bordered with yellow or tawny
anteriorly, or with two yellow marks; post-scutel yellow, with
the anterior border black; petiole a little ferruginous on the sides
and on its narrow part; the two first segments of the abdomen
bordered by a yellow cordon; the lamellar border of the second
and the margins of the following testaceus-rufous. Feet sombre
ferruginous; black at the base. Wings smoky. Wing scales
ferruginous, marked with a yellow dot on their posterior margin.
9. Clypeus black, with a yellow macula on each side near the
EU MENES. vO
top, or bordered with yellow on its lateral margins, or entirely
black.
%. Clypeus yellow, covered with a silvery pile ; the flagellum
of the antenne more ferruginous at base, black in its second
part, with a moderate ferruginous hook. Thorax a little more
elongate.
Var. Clypeus bordered all round with black.
Var. In both sexes, the teeth of the clypeus are more or less
spiniform, sometimes the notch between them is filled by a little
arcuated border, which makes the teeth short and not spiniform.
The dilated part of the petiole is more or less wide; more or less
bidentate, or not bidentate; the frontal and mesothoracic sulcosity
not distinct.
a. Clypeus and head entirely black. Anterior border of the
prothorax and scutellum black.. Petiole without ferruginous.
b. Clypeus margined on both sides with yellow.
c. Mesothorax with two rufous lines; scutels bordered with
yellow.
d. The metathorax and mesopleure passing to ferruginous.
e. The end of petiole mixed with brown,.or with two transverse
lines, smelted with the yellow border.
f. Abdomen passing to brown.
g. The yellow marking of the thorax more or less wanting ;
no spot on the wing scale,
Ress. a. diff.—This species is very near to the LZ. callimorphus
Sauss., but is distinguished from it by certain characters difficult
to describe. The clypeus is flatter; its teeth are a little shorter;
the o¢elli are placed upon a less arcuate line, and the vertex has
two transverse grooves between the summit of the eyes and the
external ocelli. The thorax is more coarsely and less densely
punctured and above all wider and larger in proportion; its
angles are a little upturned at the shoulders. The petiole is
shorter; its dilatation is more funnel shaped, less pyriform. The
second segment seen from above is a little more sinuous, which
renders the lamellar edge more salient. The abdomen is more
distinctly punctured. The coloration, finally, is strongly analo-
gous. Distinct from 4. regulus and totonacus by its larger
size, and its flattened, bidentate clypeus, ete. Differs from JZ.
olmecus by its smaller size, punctate, not velutinous thorax, more
78 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.
inflated petiole, shorter 2d segment, with rather sinuated margin,
etc. See also the Z. Nortoniana and Cressoniana.
Hab. The Gulf side of Mexico. (LI have taken some specimens
of it at Tampico.) The Oriental Cordillera, Banio (Mr. Sumi-
ehrast). 9 9315 62
Nota.—Mr. Sumichrast attributes to this insect a most interest-
ing nest. It is formed of a mass of cellules or habitations com-
posed of a black bark which seems to be agglutinated by some
gummy material. These habitations are more or less cylindrical
and gummed one against another. But although they form a
double row, they are not always parallel like the cells of social
wasps, but a little oblique the one upon the other, which renders
their arrangement quite irregular. This nest is fixed upon a
little branch of the oak. It greatly resembles in its system that
of Zethus Romandinus, which I have cited as apropos of this
species. But its surface, instead of being fibrous, is here cellulous-
rugose; one remarks here some little rounded or polygonal cells,
the borders of which form a sort of reticulation, which is, how-
ever, but a simple sculpture; the fossettes are too small to be
compared to basal sockets, and have absolutely nothing in common
with the outlines of cells which one often finds on the borders of
wasps’ nests. I should not be surprised if this nest should be
rather that of a Zethus than of the ZH. mexicanus, and that it
should prove to be an error in the “ etiquette” mark.
16. KE. Sumaichrasti n. sp.—Crassiusculus, niger; clypeo bidentato ;
thorace quadrato, tenuissime ruguloso; abdomine nitido, petiolo sparse
punctato, campanulato, incrassato-marginato ; apice sulco diviso; frontis
macula, margine postico pronoti, abdominis segmentorum li, 2‘ limbo,
post-scutelloque, flavis. Q.
Total length, 11 mill.; wing, 8.3 mill.
2. Quite closely related to H. Mexricanus.
Fs
Eunenes infundibuliformis Fasr. Syst. Piez, 288, 14 (1804).
Montezumia dimidiata Sauss. Vespides, I, 91, 13 (1852); (Syn. Olivieri
_exclus), ibid. III, 160.
Hab. Brazil. (Author’s collection.)
This species has a remarkable resemblance to Polybia because
of its hyaline wings. It must not be confounded with Polybia
dimidiata Ol., or Polistes bicolor Sss.
LO. M. Cortesiama Savss.—Carbonaria, velutina, nigro-fulvo hirta, |
purpureo-sericea; clypeo punctato, apice truncato, subexciso; capite
densissime punctato; pronoto, post-scutello et metanoto densissime
grosse punctatis; mesonoti disco et scutello sparse, abdomine tenuiter,
punctatis ; pronoto angulato, cristato-marginato; abdominis primo seg-
mento elongato-campanulari, supra sulco foveolato; tarsis anticis apice,
clypei marginibus lateralibus et mandibularum margine interno, rufis ;
antennis ferrugineis, basi nigris; alis pallide flavo-giiseis, venis anticis
fusco-ferrugineis. 9. Longit, 0.020 m.
Montezumia Cortesia Savuss. Vespides, I, 92,10, 9; pl. xv, fig. 2, 9 (1852).
Hab. Mexico. (Typus in auctoris museo.)
Hi. M. sepulclaralis Savss. %.—Precedentis statura et facie, illi
simillima; clypeo et mandibulis nigris, vel clypeo utrinque puncto
rufo; primo segmento obscure ferrugineo-limbato; alis ferrugineis.
(Anne precedentis varietas ?.)
Montezumia sepulchralis Sauss. Vespides, III, 163, 54 (1854).
Montezumia mortuorum Savuss. Vespides, III, 164, 55 (1854).
Hab. South America.
12. M. amalis Savss.
Montezumia analis Sauss. Vespides, III, 103, 53.
Hab. South America.
b. Wings obscure, smoky, fuscous or black.
* Body more or less ferruginous.
13. Mi. Spimola Savss.—Sat gracilis, omnino velutina; capite et
thorace dense punctatis; metathorace crassissime rugato, late plane
foveolato; seutellis convexis, sulco longitudinali divisis; antennis,
-
120 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
capite, mesonoto, abdominis segmentis 20-79, nigris; pedibus, pronoto,
scutellis tegulis et pleuris, metanoto et abdominis 1° segmento, rufis,
aureo-velutinis ; frequenter pronoti margive postico, tegulis partim,
metanoti maculis 2 et canthis, primique segmenti margine, flavis ; alis
fusco-violascentibus, costa nigra, apice pallidiore.
*,. Clypeo punctulato polygonali, fere latiore quam longiore, late exciso ;
macula genarum flava; antennarum uncino et scapo subtus, ferrugineis.
_Vuriat. a. Clypeo flavo-maculato. )
b. Abdomine omnino nigrescente, apice fere ferrugineo.
c. Mesonoti disco ferrugineo-bilineato; 1° abd. segmento fascia flava
interrupta.
Montezumia Spinole Savuss. Et. Vesp. I, 93, 12; pl. xii, fig. 9, 9 var.
(1852).
Odynerus infernalis Sprxota, Mém. Acad. Turin, XIII, 1°53, 84, 64, 4.
Montezumia infernalis Sauss. Et. Vespides, ILI, 162, 52.
Total length, 16-18 mm. ; wing, 14-15 mm.
Strongly and densely punctured. Front a, little channelled
transversely above the antenne, vertex a little swelled behind in
a transverse pad. Prothorax angulate, truncate before, following
a slightly concave trenchant line. Clypeus and post-scutel
divided by a groove. Metathorax short, vertically wide, rugose,
punctured and velvety; its concavity almost in the form of an
angle, plane, a little bordered at summit. First abdominal seg-
ment campanular subsessile, finely punctured, with a gruove
above toward the extremity. The 2d segment notably more
enlarged, with scarce punctures clothed with a velvety pile, as if
striolate. The other segments densely and finely punctured.
Black; labrum very long, ferruginous; a little yellow line bor-
dering the eyes below and another upon the scape of the antennae,
%. Thorax of a velvety ferruginous; disk of the mesothorax
black ; prothorax and flanks brownish, with the borders of the
first and some spots on the second reddish ; wing scales spotted
with yellow; post-scutel adorned with a yellow line; metathorax
having some silky golden-yellow reflections and two yellow spots
upon the summit. First segment red, with a yellow border.
Legs ferruginous, with golden reflections. Wings of a black
violaceous, with the extremity more pale. (Surinam.)
The color of the thorax varies very much, from ferruginous to
obscure brownish. The border of prothorax and the sides of the
thorax under the wing, ornamented with yellow.
.
ea
MONTEZUMIA. 121
%. Clypeus rather convex at the top, flattened below, termi-
nated by two distant teeth, separated by a straight border; its
color obscure like that of the head, or having in its inferior part
a yellow mark or triaugle.
Var. a Clypeus and antenne entirely black, without yellow.
b. Thorax entirely ferruginous except the disk of the mesono-
tum, which is blackish.
ce. The first segment of abdomen blackish (Spinolz, Sss.).
d. The first segment ferruginous, margined with yellowish; the
yellow fascia preceded by a fuscous stain.
Ress. a. diff.—I have joined M. infernalis to Spinole, for it
is very likely to be the same species. These velvety, partly
ferruginous insects are so variable that-only the examination of
humerous specimens can settle the entomologist as to the value
ofthe species. Compare this species with IZ Ghilianiti, Mexicana,
and ferruginea.
Hab. Brazil, Para; Surinam. (Type of Spinola in Turin
museum; the author’s type in his own collection. )
Observation.—The name WM. infernalis was given by my
excellent friend Marquis Max. Spinola before I gave the species
the name of Spinolx, but the manuscript of Spinola having taken
a long time to print, the name Spinole was published first, so
that I was obliged to preserve it.
14. M. Ghilianii n. sp.—Velutina, nigresceus vel fusca; metanoto,
scutellis, pedibus et abdominis primo segmento, rufis ; hoc flavo-margi-
nato; thorace lato; abdominis primo segmento depresso, subpetiolato.
Total length, 18 mm.; wing, 15 mm.
Size and livery as in JL Spinolx, but the thorax much wider,
dilated, and the prothorax not quite so angular. The scutel and
post-scutel not parted by a longitudinal groove, but rather by a
sort of indication of a carina. The metathorax shorter than in
the said species, less chubby, more angular. The first abdo-
minal segment a little more petiolate; its dilatation shorter,
depressed, not so convex, bell-shaped.
Body quite velvety, covered with golden hair. Wead black:
antenne ferruginous beneath. Thorax black; hind margins of
prothorax bordered by a rufous line; tegule, scutels, metathoray,
legs, and various spots under the wings rufo-ferruginous. Abdo-
122 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.
men blackish ; the first segment rufous, margined with yellow and
blackish before the yellow band. Wings brownish, dark along
the costa.
%. Clypeus black, terminated by two distant teeth as in the
other species.
Ress. a. diff—This certainly very variable species is quite
similar to MW. Spinolz in its size and livery, but the thorax is not
so slender, the head is more inflated, the 1st segment more flat-
tened. It has nearly the facies of a Pachymenes because of the
exceptionally depressed form of this segment, which forms nearly
a campanular petiole.
Hab. Brazil.
I have described the specimen in the Turin museum; it is also
a species of the rich collection of Spinola.
15. M. Mexicama Satss. (Fig. 11.)—Obscure ferruginea; alis dilute
fuscis; capite et thorace valde punctatis; clypeo bidentato; pronoto
haud angulato scutellis sulco partitis; post-scutello carinato-crenulato,
flavo; metanoto rugoso, per sulcum vel foveolam haud marginatam
diviso; abdomine sericeo; primo segmento infundibuliformi, apicem
versus linea impressa notato; alis infuscatis, cyanescentibus. 9.
Variat. Omnino ferruginea, alis fuscescentibus.
Montezumia Mexicana Savuss. Vespides, I, 94, 14 (1852).
Total length, 20 mm.; wing, 15 mm.
2. Insect slender. Head and thorax densely cribrose, sha-
greened, rugose. Clypeus pyriform, convex, strongly punctured,
terminated by two little subcontiguous teeth. Between the
antenne is a little carina in form of a T. Thorax lengthened;
prothorax slightly retracted anteriorly, very finely rimmed, not
angulate. Scutellum and post-scutel divided by a longitudinal
groove; the post-scutél separated from the scutellum by a deep
furrow and forming a ridge, transverse, crenulate, divided by the
medial groove. Metathorax offering two convex cheeks much
more rugose than the remainder of the thorax, divided by a striate -
fossette, which has no distinct margin; the lateral ridges effaced
by the rugosities. Abdomen smooth, shining, sericeous, or vel-
vety; the first segment at the base subsessile, then funnel-shaped,
convex, having a lengthened depression above; the second seg-
ment moderately larger than the first, its border a little upturned.
The abdomen finely punctured beneath its velvety pile.
©)
MONTEZUMIA. 1%:
\
Insect ferruginous. The thorax often varied with black in the
sutures and upon the mesothorax. Antenne ferruginous, with
the flagellum blackish above, beyond the third article ; post-scutel
orange; (probably often also the wing scale, the posterior border
of the prothorax and that of the first two abdominal segments
sometimes of the same color; the yellow border of the first seg-
ment, when it exists, is often interrupted.) Legs ferruginous ;
wings brown, slightly darkened, with violet and golden reflections.
Var. The thorax is sometimes less lengthened than in the type.
Ress. a. diff.—I think this species nearly related to JZ ferru-
ginea Sauss., which does not appear to have violet wings. It is
near to Mexicana, but the abdomen of this last is a little pedi-
culate and the head more swollen. It is also closely related to
M. Spinole, but it differs from it by its thorax without angles,
with little margin, by its metathorax slightly attenuate, less
truncate vertically, less excavated, more rounded, less quadrate.
It is very similar also to ML infernalis Sp., with which I cannot
compare it, the sexes not being the same in the two types; the
metathorax is more rugose in Mexicana ?, and not so excavated.
It resembles also the Nortonia tolteca, but is perfectly distinct
from it by its lengthened thorax, as high as wide and not
depressed and widened; by its violet wings, by its strongly
divided scutels, by its crenulate post-scutel, ete.
Hab. The gulf side of Mexico. I have found a female near
Tampico.
16. M. ferrugimea Savss.—Gracillima, ferruginea dense punctata,
subvelutina; capite pone oculos producto; paulo altiore quam latiore ;
thorace valde elongato, compresso, angusto, metanoto postice producto,
sulco profundo diviso; abdomine gracili; primo segmento elongato,
depresso; sulco valde impresso partito; antennarum flagello superne
vel omnino nigro; clypeo et capite flavis, vertice ferrugineo-notato;
abdominis segmentorum marginibus lituris subinterruptis flavis ornatis 5
alis infuscatis purpureo-nitentibus, costa, previpue in apice, ferruginea.
Longit, 19 mm.
Q. Clypeo piriformi, apice bispinoso; mandibulis crenulatis.
Variat. Omnino ferruginea, seu pedibus flavo-variis, vel thoracis suturis
nigris.
Montezumia ferruginea Sauss. Vespides, I, 91, 7 (1852).
Hab. South America. Uruguay. La Plata. Patagonia 1 &.
(G. Claraz.)
124 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 1.
This is a distinct species, remarkable by its slender body. Its
nidification hus been indicated befure in the description of the
genus.
** Body quite black.
17. Mi. maorosa Savss.—Nigro-cinerea; capite et thorace dense punc-
talis; pronoto tenuiter marginato; scutelli parte postica et post-seutelso
sulco partitis; metanoto haud attenuato, valde excavato, argenteo-hirto,
utringue convexo, rugato; abdomine dense punctulato, cinereo seri-
caute ; pedibus anticis partim, mandibulis, clypeo antennarumgue scapo
subtus obscure ferrugineis ; alis fusco-violaceis custa obscuriore. Long.,
18-22 mm.
Q. Clypeo late piriformi, apice dentulis 2 invicem propinquis instructo.
%. Clypeo breviore, longitudine latitudivi subequali, late emarginato
deutibus 2 invivem distantibus instructo; antennarum uncino rufo.
Montezumia morosa Sauss. Vespides, I, 90, 6 (1852).
This species is characterized by its black body, with gray-silky
changes, but without violet-green reflections. The wings are
more or less obscure, with more or less of violet changes. The
metathorax is rather broad, not attenuated; the prothorax not
much angulated. The abdomen is subsessile, the first segment
bell-shaped with a little groove on its superior side.
A male specimen from Mexico, which I cannot separate from
this species, has the thorax a little larger than the specimens
from South America.
The inner edge of the mandibles of the male is not lobed nor
indented, but only a little unequal.
Hab. The eastern part of South America. Brazil. Guyana.
Mexico. (I caught a male on the eastern coast of the gulf, near
San-Andrés-Tuxtla. )
ES. M. Marthe n. sp.—Nigra; post-scutello, metathorace abdomi-
nisgue 1° segmento basi sulfureis; alis fusco-violascentibus. 9.
Total length, 17 mm.; wing, 15 mm.
2. Head and thorax much as in JZ morosa. Clypeus covered
with longitudinal punctures; its inferior end formed by two little
teeth separated by a straight border. Head and thorax very
densely shagreened; metathorax short, much rounded. Abdo-
men very finely punctured, not so regularly fusiform as in morosa;
the first segment somewhat narrower compared with the second
MONTEZUMIA. 125
one, but having the same form as in morosa and marked with a
subapical sulcosity.
Jnsect black, furnished with a short grayish pubescence. Post-
scutel, metathorax, and first abdominal segment sulphur-yellow ;
the latter margined with a biack band. arsi furnished with a
eolden-silky pile having a brownish reflection; tibial spines rufous.
Wings dark fuscous with dark violet midescedeen the apex yee
Hab. Santa-Martha, Antilles.
19. M. Platemsis.
Montczumia platinia Sauss. Vesp., I, 92,9; pl.xv, fig. 3, 9.
Hab. La Plata.
20. M. amceps Savss.—W. morose affinis, at corpore paulo magis
tenuiter punctato; clypeo longiore, minus rugoso, apice truncato, bian-
gulato; thorace paulo breviore; pronoto angulato; mesonoto breviore,
metanoto minus obliqno; alis apice et postice pellucidis, basi et in costa
Higris... .O'
Variat. Primo segmento utrinque lineola submarginali fulva.
Total length, 15 mm.; wing, 12 mm.
Montezumia anceps Sauss. Vespides, I, 92, 8 (1°52).
Much resembles JZ morosa, but in this the clypeus is in form
of a short and wide pear and terminates in a point, parted by a
little notch; in JZ anceps it is more lengthened, truncate, and
bicarinate, the carine forming a tooth on each side of the little
inferior border. The wings are hyaline with the costa up to the
stigma dark-brown, this color very soon becoming faint; the
second cubital cell is also less contracted in JZ anceps, which is
also a smaller species.
. Hab. South America. Rio Janeiro.
Qi. M. Azteca n.sp. (Fig. 10, 10a.)—Viridi-ceerulea, cinereo-sericea ;
capite et thorace valde punctatis; abdomine punctulato, nigro; alis
fusco-violaceis.
%. Clypeo infere fulvo-binotato, margine truncato subbidentato; anten-
narum articulo ultimo deplanato, ferrugineo.
Total length, 20 mm.; wing, 14 mm.
%. Head short, the width of thorax. Thorax long, neither re-
tracted before nor behind. Prothorax sharply truncate, rimmed,
126 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
with the angles rather sharp. Metathorax quite rounded, offer-
ing two large dilated cheeks, strongly separated by a wide
channel; the lateral ridges effaced, rounded. Abdomen having
the same form as in JL. cerulea, funnel-shaped, but its petiole
much shorter, forming hardly the third or the fourth of the first
segment; this retracts the second as in the Polistes, and carries
a distinct groove above; the second segment having its border
insensibly subreflexed. Head and thorax very densely and
coarsely punctured throughout, of an elegant bluish-green violet,
having metallic reflections and garnished with a whitish pile,
especially distinct on the metathorax. Abdomen shining, black,
with some iridescent reflections; densely punctured, but with a
silky pile, of gray hairs. Legs black; the anterior tarsi at times
ferruginous. Wings brownish, with violet reflections; the ante-
rior edge darker.
%. Clypeus polygonal, widely truncated, covered with a silvery
pile, offering toward the bottom two little arcuate carine, which
end at the two distant teeth, limiting each side of the anterior
margin. The color of clypeus is bluish, like that of the head, but
it is marked on its anterior border with a double, pale, orange
spot; the margin delicately black. Antenne black, rolled spi-
rally at the extremity, with the last article flattened, obtuse, and
ferruginous. Mandibles almost without teeth, offering only some
feeble notches.
Ress. a. diff.—This species approaches the JZ. morosa, althoagh
it is easily distinguished from it by the blue, not black, color of
the thorax and the head its punctures are larger, not so dense ;
the metathorax is more channelled and not so excavated; the
scutellum more flattened and parted in its length by a delicate
groove. The first abdominal segment is less dilated above; its
base is linear, pediculate for the length of a half line or less,
while with the JZ morosa this segment is more sessile.
One might confound it also with JZ. cewrulescens, of which it
has much the appearance, except that its petiole is much shorter.
Hab. The gulf side of Mexico. I have taken-but one specimen
near Tampico.
Observation.—This species is quite intermediate between Sect.
Ist and Sect. 2d, its abdomen being rather pediculate.
MONTEZUMIA. 127
B. Head strongly dilated on the verter behind the eyes, having
(so to speak) an anomalous form. Thorax much lengthened ;
abdomen often large. The first segment depressed or flai-
tened above and divided by a very distinct groove.
22. WH. IBwasiliemsis Savuss. %.—Precedentium stature vel paulo
major; occipite maxime producto, thorace eodemmodo elongato, sed
antice magis rotundato et metanoto paulo latiore, truncatiore, foveolato ;
abdomine latiore, segmentis, 19, 2°, depressis; primo lato, sulco pro-
fundo diviso. Insecti color omnino castaneus; metanoto, lateribus et
antennarum flagello, nigris. Alis fusco-cyaneis, stigmate ferrugineo.
Longit, 19 mm.
Variat: Pedibus flavo-variis ; abdominis primo segmento flavo-marginato ;
corpore plus minusve ferrugineo.
*,. Antennis apice uncino parvulo fulvo instructis; clypeo ferrugineo
apice emarginato, valde bidentato.
Montezumia Brasiliensis Sauss. Vespides, III, 164, 56 (1854).
Hab. Brazil. Province of the mines. (Typus in museo Pari-
siensi. )
23. M. macrocephala Sauss.
Montezumia macrocephala Sauss. Vespides, III, 165,157; pl. iv, fig. 3, 4
(1854).
Abdomine maxime dilatato.
In this species the male has the abdomen squat or flattened,
strongly dilated and depressed; its first segment is parted by a
strong groove, sometimes continued on the 2d segment. In the
female the abdomen is not so flattened down but is slender and of
the normal form. The clypeus ? is terminated by two small,
rather distant teeth.
Var. Often the clypeus 9, the face, tarsi, and margins of the
abdominal segments become yellowish. On the contrary, the
whole insect often becomes uniformly ferruginous.
Hab. Brazil. (The type in the Paris museum.)
Division PARAZUMIA.
(Sauss. Vespides, III, 166.)
Head much dilated behind the eyes; thorax wide and strongly
depressed; metathorax prolonged’ behind obliquely; its lateral
> Lrrata.—10th line of the description, instead of “ dessous des antennes,”
read; “dessus des antennes,”
128 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA, [PART I.
ridges very sharp. Abdomen sessile, depressed; the first seg-
ment wide, sessile, funnel-shaped.
24. M. carimulata Sprix.—Niger, mandibulis, tarsis et abdomine fer-
rugineis ; corpore polito, fulvo-sericeo; capite nigro, vervice impressione
post-oculari notato; clypeo biangulato, angulis rufis et utrinque supra
angulos dentulo instructo; thorace depresso, latiore quam abdomen,
Superne convexo, polito; scutello post-scutellogue deplanatis, hoe
postice angulato, haud truncato, per metanotum involutum; metatho-
race superne convexo, utrinque cantho laterali acuto, in medio incisura
elongato-quadrata strigataque exarato; ejus marginibus acutis, tenuiter
flavis; abdomine gracili, primo segmento elongato-piriformi, superne
carinula longitudinali partito; alis hyalinis, succineo-subinquinatis,
venis fuscis. 9.
Odynerus carinulatus Spiyota! Acad. de Turin, XIII, 1853, 83, 63.
Montezumia carinulata Sauss. Vespides, III, 166, 58, 9 (nec %).
Total length, 16 mm.; wing, 14 mm.
In this species the clypeus is terminated by a little margin,
truncate, with the angles rather salient, but there is somewhat
higher, a sort of depression imitating a fase truncature, forming
also on each side a little tooth-like eminence. The thorax is
wide, depressed, very large if compared to the slender abdomen.
Its upper surface forms a sort of flattened vault, without gibbo-
sities; the scutel and post-scutel are flattened, making the con-
tinuation of this vault with the upper face of metathorax, which
is not to be distinguished from the posterior face. The latter is
canaliculate with a sort of square notch, bordered with sharp
ridges.
The body is not velvety, but much polished, although garnished
with fulvous hair. (Type of Spinole.)
Hab. Brazil. Para. (Typus iu museo Spinole, Taurinis. )
Division PSEUDOZUMIA.
Body depressed. Thorax wide; lateral ridges of metathorax distinct. —
First segment of abdemen in the form of a lengthened triangle, flattened and
longitudinally striate.
Insects Asiatic.
M. indica Sauss. Vespides, III, 167; pl. ix, fig. 4.—India.
MONOBIA. 129
Gen. MONORIA Sa
Lip moderate. Labial palpi composed of three or four articles,
the fourth rudimentary and soldered when it exists.. Maxillary
palpi composed of five articles.
Mandibles lengtherfed, channelled, lobulate toward the end on
the inner border and terminating in a point as in the Odynerus.
Metathoraa excavated. Abdomen sessile, conical or ovoid, not
fusiform.
The Monobia are Odynerina among which the number of
articles of the palpi is diminished and which for this reason
approach the Montezumia and Synagris. Their bodies offer
different forms, peculiarly varied. like the Odynerina, such as:
metathorax rounded, or marginate or bidentate, the abdomen
more or less conic or even rather ovoid, ete.
The buccal organization of the Monobia is evidently the same
as with the Montezumia; however, the labial palpi are more
variable, and one sees in these organs the rudiments of the 4th
article more clearly developed.
The Monobia differ from the Montezumia by their wide and
excavated metathorax and by their abdomen, conical or at least
sessile and not pediculate nor fusiform. Yet here also one meets
intermediate types which form the transition from one genus to
the other; (see the Monvbia egregia and variabilis. )
Nevertheless the greater number of species have wholly the
forms of the Odynerus and cannot be distinguished from this
genus but by the dissection of the mouth.
Division I.!
Labial palpi composed of three article, the 3d elongate.
A. Metathorax bispinose.
a. M. Califormica Savss.—Gracilis, ferruginea, sparse punctata;
metanoto foveolato, utrinque spinoso; antennis superne ultra medium
nigrescentibus ; macula frontali flava; vertice nigro, fascia arcuata et
' Perhaps this division should not be separated from the second, but
not having the insects before my eyes, it is impossible for me to decide.
9
130 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
orbitis ferrugineis ; mesonoti disco nigro, signaturis 2 rufis; abdominis
segmentis basi nigris; pronoti et abdominis segmentorum 1-2 margine,
tegulis, scutellis, tibiis et tarsis, flavis; alis fumosis.
Montezumia Californica Sauss. Revue de Zool., xv, 1863.
Total length, 18 mm.; wing, 13 mm.
%. The slender and lengthened form of Montezumia, but the
abdomen more truncate at its base. Head rather small. Thorax
very little retracted before or behind; metathorax squarely cut,
scarcely prolonged behind the post-scutel; its posterior face
truncate, excavated in almost all its width, occupied by a vertical
furrow, smooth and shining, slightly striate from the middle
downward; armed on each side with a strong spiniform tooth;
the inferior borders of the concavity quite trenchant, but the
superior, situated above the spines, completely rounded and
effaced. Scutellum and post-scutel separated by a deep groove
and divided by a longitudinal groove; the post-scutel rather
carinated. Head and thorax smooth, covered with finely punc-
tured spots, the metathorax more strongly punctured. Abdomen
lengthened, but subsessile; the first segment wide, rounded-
truncate at its base, but still less wide than the 2d, which is longer
than wide. All the segments having their posterior border
divided by a little longitudinal groove.
Insect of a bay-ferruginous, with satin-like, slightly glaucous
reflections. Clypeus (%) convex, polygonal, a little notched in
the arc of a circle and armed with two angular teeth. Front and
vertex black, but a spot above the insertion of the antenne yel-
low. A space behind the eyes and the complete border of the
orbits orange-ferruginous; the two lines which border the summit
of the eyes unite on the posterior part of the vertex, forming a
horseshoe. Mouth and antenne ferruginous; these last a little
obscure above in their second moiety and nearly to the end.
Thorax varied with black beneath and along its sutural lines;
disk of the mesothorax black, with a double ferruginous spot; a
little black at the bottom of the concavity of the metathorax and
at the base of the abdominal segments. Wing scales, post-scutel,
and margin of the first two abdominal segments, yellow; the
border of the second a little festooned and narrow in the middle;
the border of prothorax and of the other segments also a little
yellow. Legs ferruginous, with the tibie and tarsi yellowish.
Wings smoky, with slight vioiet reflections.
MONOBIA. 131
This doubtless varies much. Its yellow markings are proba-
bly often more developed and the body partly encroached upon
by black.
Ress. a. diff.—This species is remarkable from its slender form
and its metathorax puffed or chubby at the summit. By this
character it establishes itself in the genus Monobia and marks the
transition from the Montezumia.
In its colors it recalls certain Odyneri of the old world (0.
multicolor and allies), and also certain Odyneri of its own country,
such asthe O. annulatus, pratensis, and in fine some Mexican
species, such as the O. Jturbide. But it differs from all—Ist,
by its abdomen lengthened, not conical; 2d, by its metathorax
which is chubby at its summit on each side of the post-scutel,
because that is a little prolonged behind; 3d, by its labial palpi
distinctly composed of only three articles and the maxillary
clearly of five.
It differs from the M. egregia by its metathorax, chubby at the
summit and truncate, not in a line with the post-scutel, but more
behind; having a smaller concavity and of another form, more
inclosed, and of which the spiniform angles are placed above the
middle.
It approaches .more to the IZ. variabilis in its form, but is
more slender, and the body is not strongly cribrose nor velvety,
as with this species, but smooth, satin-like, with glaucous reflec-
tions,
Hab. Lower California. Taken at Cape St. Lucas by T.
Xantus.
Observation.—With this species the buccal organs are but
little lengthened ; the tongue, the galea, and the maxillary palpi
are quite short; the labial palpi are slender, the articles long.
2. M. cyamipemmis Gurr.
Odynerus cyanipennis GuEer. Voy. de la Coquille, Ins., 264; pl. ix, fig. 5,
* (1830).
Monobia cyanipennis Sauss. Vespides, I, 96, 2.
Hab, Chili. (Typus in mus. Dom. Guerin Méneville.)
132 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
B. Metathorax not bisprnose.
a. Metathorax with rough angles.
3. M. silwatica Savuss.—Nigra, punctata; clypeo apice truncato,
inetathoracis canthis rugosis haud acutis ; abdomine sessili, basi trun-
cato, primo segmento secundo equilato, secundi margine subeanaliculate
et valde punctato; mandibulis, macula, frortali et post-oculari, clypeo,
antennis basi, pronoto, tegulis maculisque 2 scutelli, ferrugineis; abd.
1° segmento repande flavo-limbato; pedibus flavis, basi nigris; alis
fusco-violascentibus. 9.
Variat. Corpore plus minusve flavo-variegato.
Monobia sylvatica Sauss. Vespides I, 95,1; pl. xv, fig. 7, 9.
Hab. Brazil. (Typus in mus. Parisiense.)
This insect closely resembles Rhynchium (Odynerus) dorsale,
but it is somewhat smaller. The species seems to be distinct
from this, and I made some confusion with it in my Vespides III,
p. 168.—Compare Odyn. dorsalis, page 260, Obs.
b. Metathorax rounded, unarmed.
4. M. amomata Sacss.
Monobia anomala Sauss. Vespides, I, 96, 3; pl. xv, fig. 4 (1852).
Hab. Brazil. (Typus in mus. Dom. Guerin Méneville.)
Division II:
Labial palpi composed of three articles; the 3d carrying at its
extremity a 4th rudimentary article, soldered to the 3d, difficult
to distinguish, embodied with it, and armed with stiff hairs like
the extremity of the 3d.
A. Abdomen conical; the first segment wide and truncate.
Hinder portion of the metathorax bordered by trenchant
ridges and armed on each side with a dentiform angle.
This type establishes the transition to Odynerus from the
subgenus Odynerus, properly called, to Rhynchium, by its
quadrate thorax and its conical abdomen.
5. M. quadridems Liyy.—Valida, nigra, capite et thorace valde
punctatis; clypeo piriformi, apice % bidentato, 9 biangulato; abdo-
mine conico; pronoti maculis 2, post-scutello et abd, primo segmento
supra, albidis; % ‘minor, clypeo albido.
MONOBIA. 133
Vespa 4-dens Lixy. Syst. Nat. II, 95, 15.(1767).—Ame@n Acad. VI, 413.—
Mvewuer, Ed. Lin. Il, 881, 15.—Curisr Hymen., 234.—Ituicer,
Comp. Ins. rarior., 30, 92. °
Vespa uncinata Fasr. Syst. Ent., 367, 22 (1775).—Syst. Piez., 259, 31.!
Oxtv. Encycl., VI, 685.
Vespa cincta-nigra Ducrer. Mem. Ins. III, 583, 8; tab. xxix, fig. 12.
Odynerus uncinatus Ler. St. Farg. Hym., I, 619, 9.
Odynerus quadridens Say, Bost. Journ., I, 386, 3; Ed. Le Conte, II, 766, 3.
Monohia quadridens Savuss. Vespides, I, 97, 4; III, 168.
Monobia uncinata Sauss. Ibid. 1; pl. xvi, fig. 1 (bad figure).
Total length, 20 mm.; wing, 17 mm.
Large. Head densely punctured, often presenting on the
vertex a little depression. ‘Thorax densely punctured; prothorax
with a slender margin; mesothorax offering above the scutellum
two distinct grooves; scutellum feebly convex, but little divided,
post-scutel subdivided, not crenulate; metathorax slightly re-
tracted, offering on its posterior face a subconcave furrow, very
finely striate, distinctly margined (at least at bottom) and armed
on each side with a spine. (The upper ridges are often a little
effaced by the punctures.) Abdomen smooth, ovalo-conical,
covered with fine scattered punctures; the first segment perfectly
sessile, truneated before, punctured on its anterior face, as wide
as the 2d and divided by a groove on its upper face; the 2d
quite strongly punctured with separated points, more and more
dense toward the posterior border.
Insect black, shining; two great spots on the prothorax, the
post-scutel and the first segment of the abdomen above, whitish.
Wings of a black violet.
- 2. Clypeus black, pyriform, punctured, terminated by two
dentiform, diverging, carinated angles.
%. Clypeus whitish, margined with black, terminated by two
separated teeth, divided by a wide slightly concave border.
Antennx terminated by a hook.
1 The description of Linnéus is incomplete, that of Fabricius touched
with error, and the name has two typographical faults in the Syst. Piez.
Yet there can be no doubt regarding the species. Linné has counted as
teeth the two angles at bottom of metathorax which receive the articulation
of the abdomen. Fabricius does not notice the metathoracic teeth,
doubtless because the abdomen, raised and pressed against it, concealed
them from his sight.
134 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
Var. Scutel and metathorax with two whitish spots.
Ress. a. diff—The Monobia 4-dens is very difficuit to distin-
guish from the Odynerus bidens; however, one can always
recognize it—Ist, by its clypeus armed with two teeth $, with
two salient angles 2; 2d, by its abdomen, punctured more ~
strongly and throughout, especially on the anterior face of the
first segment and upon the second which does not offer an arcuate
band of strong punctures along its border; 3d, by its maxillary
palpi which have but five articles and the labial having the 4th
article rudimentary and soldered upon the third. Compare also
Odynerus quadrisectus.
Hab. The United States. A species common in all the
eastern part of the country.
I possess a great number of specimens taken in all the Eastern
States, in New England (Norton), in Illinois (Walch, Kenni-
cott), in Tennessee (Freudenreich-Falconnet, Fuchs), in South
Carolina, Louisiana (author), Florida (Norton).
B. Abdomen ovalo-conical ; the first segment more rounded, less
truncate, less sessile. Metathorax rounded; its concavity
not bordered above by trenchant ridges.
a. On each side of metathorax a dentiform angle.
6. M. amgulosa Savss.—Valida, nigra, punctata; clypeo 9 piriformi,
punctato, imfere striato, subbicarinato, apice biangulato, % apice
truncato; metanoto velutino, bidentato, excavatione punctata instructo,
nullomodo acute marginata; abdomine ovato-conico, sericeo, metanoti
angulis utrinque fascia laterali aurantiaca; genibus, tibiis et tarsis
precipue anticis, testaceo-variis ; alis fusco-cyaneis.
* . Antennis subtus ferrugineis, scapi fascia flava ; tarsis subtus sulfureis.
Monobia angulosa Savss. Vespides, I, 98, 6; pl. xv, fig. 5 (1852) ; III, 169.
Total length, 23 mm.; wing, 18 mm.
Large. Clypeus strongly punctured, almost in strive; pyri-
form, at the extremity truncate, almost biangulate. Between the
antenne is a kind of tubercle, grooved above. Metathorax form-
ing on each side a compressed tooth; the concavity a little striate
and punctured, but the superior edges effaced; roughly punctured.
Head and thorax densely punctured; the metathorax very rugose
above. Abdomen conical as among the true Rhynchium, shining,
punctures scattered; the border of the 2d segment and the fol-
lowing on the contrary very densely punctured, dull.
MONOBIA. aD
Body black with gray-silky reflections. Two spots on meta-
thorax prolonged as lines on the inferior ridges, pale orange-yel-
low, or yellow. Wings black, with violaceous reflections. (Mexico. )
Var. a. Tarsi and anterior tibie rather ferruginous. The first
_abdominal segment adorned on each side with a yellowish margin.
(Brazil.)
b. Mandibles and extremity of clypeus brown ferruginous.
c. Metathorax black; only its inferior ridges yellow. (Surinam.)
d. The metathoracic cavity more or less punctured.
%. Smaller. Clypeus black, punctured, rather short; its infe-
rior border broadly truncate, or a little concave with its angles
rather projecting. Antenne slender, armed with a terminal
hook; beneath ferruginous; the scape with a yellow line. Often
a yellow spot between the antenne. Anterior margin of pro-
thorax rather concave. The angles of the metathorax blunt.
Wing scales brownish. ‘Tarsi sulphur-yellow, with a brown line
on their superior face. (Brazil.)
Ress. a. diff.—This is sufficiently distinguished from M. bian-
gulata by its more rugose clypeus and the punctuation of its
abdomen, for in this the border of segments 2d and 3d is
shining, testaceous; and the segments 3d—5th are not more
punctate than the Ist and 2d.
Hab. Mexico (Orizaba) and South America.
%. M.biamguiata n.sp. (Fig. 12, 12a.)—Valida, nigra, punctata; J.
angulose affinissima; metanoto valde excavato, foveola nitida tenuiter
punctata instructo et utrinque angulato; macula frontali et subalari,
puncto post-oculari, maculis 2 metanoti fasciaque interrupta in pronoto
et abdominis segmentorum margine 1, 2, fulvis; alis fusco-cyaneis.
Total length, 19 mm. ; wing, 16 mm.
2. Laree. Head and thorax cribrose with punctures; meta-
thorax velvety, offering a circular eoncavity, deep, smooth, and
finely punctured, but which is not bordered at the summit except
by some depressed ridges; on each side a sharp dentiform angle
is placed without the concavity. Abdomen smooth, sericeous,
ovalo-conical ; the first segment a little narrower than the second,
rounded ; the 2d and 8d segments both offering along their border
a line which forms a separation like a second border.
Insect black, clothed with a fine gray pile. Scape of the
antennze more or less ferruginous beneath. A spot on the face,
136 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
a point behind the summit of each eye, two spots or an incomplete
border on prothorax, a spot under the wing and two on meta-
thorax, pale yellow; first abdominal segment ornamented with a
border of the same color, interrupted in the middle and extending
along the sides; the 2d and 3d having their border brownish, the
2d beyond being ornamented with a pale yellow border, inter-
rupted and submarginal. Cox 2d and 3d spotted with yellow;
anterior tibiz and tarsi varied with ferruginous; the hair of the
legs a little golden. Wings brown, with violet reflections. |
Ress. a. diff.—This Monobia differs from M. angulosa by its
clypeus, which presents a flat surface, bordered by two litile
arcuate, convergent ridges, which end in meeting the two denti-
form terminal angles of the elypeus, which approach nearer than
with the IW. angulosa, where the ridges are straight; 2d, by
the deeper concavity of the metathorax; 3d, by the structure of
the border of segments 2, 8, of which one sees no trace in the
M. angulosa. ;
Hab. The torrid parts of Mexico.
S. M. migripenmis n. sp.—Valida,. nigra, valde cribrata; clypeo Q
apice bidentato, fulvo-marginato; metanoto rugoso, bidentato, foveola
punctata, sed haud acute marginata instructo, alis nigris.
Total length, 20 mm.; wing, 15 mm.
°. Large. Appearance of a Rhynchium. Clypeus pyriform,
convex, cribrose with coarse pits, terminated by two dentiform
angles. Head and thorax densely and coarsely cribrose ; back
convex; anterior margin of prothorax crested; post-scutel punc-
tured above; its posterior face coinciding with the truncation of
the metathorax. This last rugose; its concavity distinct, punc-
tured, but not inclosed; its upper edges effaced by the rugosities;
on each side is a spiniform tooth. Abdomen conical, very densely
punctured, velvety; the first segment nearly as wide as the second,
anteriorly truncate, but not presenting any distinct edge; the 2d
moderately long; those following not being more strongly pune-
tured.
Insect entirely black, velvety; its hairs black; the feet only a
little grayish; a spot on upper part of mandibles and a line along
the latero-inferior borders of clypeus, tawny. Wings black, their
terminal border only, a little whitish. )
Ress. a. diff—This insect much resembles the Monobia apv-
MONOBIA. Lot
calipenni¢ and is distinguished from it by the two spines of the
metathorax, by the post-scutel without any crest, by its wings
of which the extremity has but very little white, ete.
Hab. The hot regions of Mexico. I have taken a specimen
near ‘Tampico.
b. Metathorax without distinct spiniform angles.
9. M. apicalipemmis Sauss.—Nigra, capite et thorace densissime
punctatis; abdomine ovato, velutino, tenuiter punctato, segmentoram
margine paulo distinctius et densius punctato; capite satis minuto;
clypeo truncato, subbidentato ; thorace antice paulo coarctato, biangu-
lato; post-scutello paulum transversim cristato, postice truncato;
metanoto levi, truncato, lato, rugoso, in medio foveola levi instructo,
sed ubique rotundato, canthis nullis, et nullomodo bidentato; clypeo,
mandibulis, spatio post-oculari, antennarum scapo subtus, tibiis anticis
antice, tarsis anticis apice ungnibusque, rufis; alis nigris, apice albidis.
@. Longit, 16 mm,
Monobia apicalipennis Sauss. Vespid., 1, 98,5; pl. xv, fig. 6 (II, 168, var.?)
Hab. South America. (Typus in actoris museo.)
This species differs: from the JZ nigripennis, by its strongly
angulate prothorax and by its rounded metathorax.
(I found in Mexico one of the Apidez which could very easily
be confounded with this JZonobia. )
©. Abdomen slightly fusiform, enlarging as far as the extremity
of the 2d segment; the 1st segment a little funnel-shaped,
divided by a feeble longitudinal groove. Thorax lengthened.
These insects have the appearance of Montezumia and one
would readily confound that with those of this genus, were it not
for the rudiment of the 4th article of the labial palpi. They form
the transition from Montezuwmia, and one can almost class these
with that genus from the formation of their body; however, the
structure of their palpi, their sessile abdomen having the first
segment in form of a bell rather than funnel-shaped and above all
their metathorax excavated and bidentate, assigns them their
place among the JMonobia.
10. M. variabilis n. sp.—Ferruginea, dense punctata; clypeo subbi- *
dentato; metanoto ferruginoso, foveold striata et utrinque dente instrueto;
abdomine basi angustiore, segmento primo flavo-limbato; capite et
mesonoto nigro-variis; alis obscuris, violascentibus.
Total length, 18 mm.; wing, 15 mm,
138 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
2. Forms of a Montezumia. Clypeus pyriform, strongly
punctured, bicarinate laterally, terminated by two angles or teeth.
Head and thorax very densely punctured; vertex offering a
depression on its hinder part. Thorax rather elongate, slightly
velvety ; metathorax extending a little beyond the scutellum,
very coarsely and densely punctured above, wrinkled, velvety ;
its concavity striate, limited by edges, not very apparent, because
of the convex form of the two superior cheeks of the metathorax ;
and offering. on each side a dentiform angle. Abdomen silky,
almost velvety, punctured; its width augmenting as far as the
extremity of the 2d segment; first segment narrower than the
second, slightly funnel-shaped, and divided above by a groove;
margin of the 2d a little bordered and densely punctured, as also
those following.
Insect ferruginous. Antenne black above in their second
moiety ; face varied with black; forehead and vertex black, with
a ferruginous are. Thorax varied with black beneath; mesotho-
thorax varied with black above on a red ground (or black varied
with ferruginous); abdomen fulvo-velutinous, silky; base of 2d
segment obscure; border of the 1st yellow. Wings brown, with
golden and violet reflections.
fess. a. diff.—This species much resembles the JZ. egregia, but
the Ist segment of the abdomen is longer and the metathoracic
concavity is smaller and less flattened. The metathorax is more
convex at summit and the thorax is more punctured. The colors
are, without doubt, variable. It has much the same form as JV.
californica, but the body is much more punctured; the abdomen
densely so.
Hab. Mexico. Oriental part. I caught a @ in the valley of
Cordova.
1. M. egregia Savss.—Stature WZ variabilis et illi conformis ; dense
punctata; metanoto supra minus convexo, foveola latiore, valde striata
utringue dente armata; abdominis primo segmento breviore, antice
truncato; capite, thorace et abd. primo segmento, nigris; segmentis
reliquis rufis; clypeo, mandibulis, antennis, orbitis et in vertice fascia ~
arcuata, pronoto, scutellis, tegulis, lineolis 2 mesonoti, macula subalari,
lineolis 2 in metanoti canthis, tibiis, tarsis abdominisque segmentorum
limbo, aurantiacis; alis ferrugineis. 9.
Variat. Pronoto flavo-marginato.
Monobia egregia Sauss. Vespides, III, 168, 60; pl. iv, fig. 5, 9 (1854).
Hab. The Antilles?
ee
NORTONTIA. 139
Gen. NORTONZIA (Min1).
Mandibles lengthened, dentate or lobate.
Lip and jaws lengthened; labial palpi composed of four
articles; the first three armed with long hairs; maxillary palpi
composed of six articles.
— Olypeus pyriform, truncate or emarginate.
Abdomen having its first segment retracted, funnel-shaped or
subcampanulate, subbidentate in the middle.
Metathorax short, convex, its groove shallow, flattened behind,
its lateral edges distinct.
The remainder as in the Montezumia.
This type establishes the transition of Odynerus to Humenes.
The organs of the mouth are almost the same as in Humenes
and Odynerus, but the body has the form to which it inclines in
Montezumia, the first segment being funnel-shaped, not sessile, as
in Odynerus, but not contracted into a petiole as in Humenes.
1. N. imtermedia Saoss.
Odynerus intermedius Sauss. Vespides, I, 155, 39; pl. xvii, fig. I, III, 224
(1852). | ,
Hab. Southern Europe.
2. N. symmorplha Savss.—Nigra, nitida, dense punctata; clypeo ?
subemarginato, % integro flavo; antennis subtus ferrugineis, scapo 4
fascia flava;* mesonoto bisulcato, metanoto medio foveolato, pronoto
medio abdominisque segmentorum limbo 4 1-3, 9? 1, 2, limbo, flavis;
segmentis 2, 3 margine subreflexo; tibiis et tarsis flavis; alis fusco-
violaceis.
Odynerus symmorphus Sauss. Vespides, III, 246, 119 (1854).
Total length, 17 mm.; wing, 14 mm.
@. Clypeus black; oval, convex, punctured; its inferior border
channelled, terminated by a slender and shining, subemarginate,
subbilobate lamina; between the antennx a little transverse
tubercle or carina. On the vertex is a transverse depression.
Thorax moderate, ovate. Head and thorax punctured and
clothed with a ferruginous pile; mesothorax marked on the
posterior part of its disk with two or four longitudinal grooves;
140 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART T.
metathorax small, very strongly and densely punctured, offering
in the middle a little excavation, distinctly striate. Abdomen
smooth, shining; the first segment funnel-shaped, subcampanu-
late, subpediculate, bidentate, strongly punctured and divided
above by a distinct groove; border of the second and following
segments densely punctured; the margin of the second and third
slightly upturned.
Insect black, shining. Antenne ferruginous beneath. Wing
scales ferruginous, at times marked with yellow. A point behind
each eye, a mark on middle of prothorax and border of segments
1, 2, yellow; the border of the first enlarged in the middle;
border of third segment piceous; tibiz and tarsi yellow. Wings
of a transparent brown, with beautiful violet reflections.
%. Clypeus wide, truncate, yellow. A mark on the front and
a line on the scape of antenne, yellow; their hook ferruginous;
the third abdominal segment often bordered with yellow.
Var. No spot on the front, nor yellow border on the second
abdominal segment (Florida).
Hab. The eastern United States, Florida, New York, Con-
- necticut (38 9, 3%, E. Norton). |
3. N.Volteca n.sp. (Fig. 13, 13a.)—Ferruginea, fulvo-hirsuta, sparse
punctato-cribrata; clypeo bidentato; thorace Q dilatato, latissimo,
maximo, depresso; % normali; abdomine velutino, punctato, primo
segmento infundibuliformi, supra linea impressa partito; secundo duplo
latiore, margine reflexo; antennis ultra 4™ articulum supra nigris; alis
ferrugineis, frequenter cyanescentibus.
Variat. Vertice, mesonoto, thorace subtus, abd. segmentis basi, nigris ;_
segmentis flavo-limbatis; corpore flavo maculato.
*%. Minor; clypeo polygonali, flavo; antennarum uncino ferrugineo.
@. Total length, 22 mm.; wing, 17 mm.
*%,. Total length, 18 mm.; wing, 13 mm.
2. Insect very stout, wide and depressed. Labial palpi com-
posed of four articles; the fourth quite small; the maxillary, of
six articles, the 2d and 3d long and slender; the last three small.
Clypeus pyriform, wide, punctured, offering two little obtuse
mammille; its inferior margin thinned, armed with two little
separated lamellate teeth. Between the antenne is a transverse
carina, almost forming a little tubercle. Thorax strongly de-
pressed, very wide, much wider than high, wider than the abdo-
-men. Scutellum and post-scutel flat and depressed; metathorax
NORTONIA. 141
rounded; its cheeks, not dilated, separated by a cavity without
distinct margin; on each side of metathorax, the lateral edge is
quite distinct. ead narrower than thorax. Abdomen strongly
retracted at the base of the second segment; the first subpedicn-
late at the base, and suddenly enlarged, parted by a feebly exca-
vated line near its border; second segment and often the third.
having their border feebly upturned. Head and thorax shining,
wholly cribrose and throughout bristling with a thick tomentose,
orange, or ferruginous pile. The punctures are a little separated
and the metathorax hardly rugose, but shining and punctured,
like the rest of the thorax. Abdomen velvety, satin-like.
Insect ferruginous; some varying black colors in the sutures
of the thorax andvon the vertex. Antenne black above, beyond
the fourth article. Mesothorax often black with two ferruginous
lines, either arcuate or terminating with a hook. Base of the
abdominal segments often blackish and their border often yellow.
Legs ferruginous with the tarsi yellowish. Wings ferruginous,
washed with gray, with their terminal border margined with
brown, and brilliant with beautiful golden reflections. Wings
ferruginous or grayish, with purple reflections.
%. Smaller; offering nothing very striking’in form, the thorax
not being inordinately wide as in the 9; puncturation a little
stronger. Face offering a little vertical carina, which extends to
a little frontal tubercle on the clypeus ; metathorax more rugose,
garnished with a pile of gray hair; body a little Jess hirsute,
thorax shorter; abdomen more slender; the first segment more
lengthened, almost pyriform; more strongly punctured.
. Clypeus yellow, polygonal; its inferior border with two little
separated teeth. Hook of the antenne ferruginous; orbits often
bordered with yellow, scape of the antenne often yellow beneath.
Face, vertex, mesothorax, and middle of metathorax often black;
border of the second and third segments strongly upturned ; all
the abdominal segments bordered with yellow. Wings subhya-
line or amber colored or smoky, with violet reflections.
Var. 9%.—a. The thorax underneath black; abdomen either
ferruginous or having the segments bordered with yellow.
b. Black; mandibles, lip, a spot beneath the antenne, and a
line behind the eye, yellow; prothorax ferruginous, with a yellow
mark in the middle; two dots on the-scutel and post-scutel yel-
low; metathorax ferruginous on both side, with its inferior edges
142 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. {PART I.
yellow; border of segments 1-3 yellow, the following ferruginous;
the sides of the second segment chestnut-brown or ferruginous.
(Cordova.) The colors are very variable.
ce. (Highly-colored livery.) Forehead and vertex black with a
yellow spot between the antennz. Thorax blackish or black,
with the prothorax, two lines on the mesothorax, two spots or a
band on the scutel, and the sides of metathorax, rufous; post-
scutel yellow. The first abdominal segment blackish, with two
rufous spots, or a band, and the hind margin yellow; the rest
of the abdomen brown-rufous, with yellow margins. Feet black
at base. Wings smoky, of a blackish-yellow with a golden
reflection.—%. Clypeus yellow, with a rufous shading.
fess. a. diff.—The females are remarkable for the flatness of
the scutels and of metathorax ; for the separated punctures and
the body hirsute with tawny bier almost as among the hairy
insects. As regards color this exactly resembles the Odynerus
tuberculiceps, and approaches very much the Montezumia Brasilt-
ensis and macrocephala in form and in the ferruginous color.
Hab. The hot and the temperate regions of Mexico. I have
taken diverse specimens of this interesting insect in the valley of
Meztitlan (eastern Cordillera), at Morelia, and at Pazcuaro
(Michoacan).
Gen. REEWNCHIEUM Larr.
Rygchium Sprnoua, Latr., Say, Lep., St. Fare.
Rhynchium Savss.
This genus is so unnatural, that if one did not feel the necessity
of separating as many species as possible from the large genus
Odynerus, I should have abandoned it.
Indeed the Rhynchium only differ from the Odynerus by their
large size, in the conical form of the abdomen, and in the length-
ening of the maxillary palpi, of which the second and third joints
are long and slender, while the last three taken together are not
longer than the third. But this latter character seems to accord
rather with the large size of the insect than with its peculiar
form Several Odyneri have a tendency to this, as for instance
the O. luctuosus, which, however, differs in having the first seg-
ment shrunken and the abdomen not conic. We cannot say,
therefore, where the genus is to be limited.
As to the conic form of the abdomen, it is met with in a great
ODYNERUS. 143
number of species of true Odynerus, of which, however, the pal-
pular articulations diminish quite regularly in size from the first
to the fifth (O. truncatus, O. nasidens, etc.), so that this forma-
tion is not sufficient to characterize the genus.
The true Rhynchium belong especially to Africa. I know in
America but one species which can figure in this group ; it is the
Rh. dorsale Fab., but even this species has not entirely the same
palpi with the Rhynchium, for the last three articles are too large
and the third is relatively too short. The Odynerus luctuosus
might from its palpi figure as well in the genus Rhynchium, as
the Lh. dorsale. |
Beside this, if the smallness of the last three and the lengthen-
ing of the second and third palpular joint should separate
generically the insect so distinguished, it would be necessary to
form quite a corresponding genus of the great African and Asiatic
Humenes (vide Saussure Vespide, I; pl. iv, fig. 2, b), and sepa-
rate generically, f. 7., the ZH. conicus from the HL. coangustatus,
which would be an impossibility. I see, therefore, no need of
adopting the genus Rhynchium in the description of the Ameri-
can fauna, the utility of doing which appears the less as it would
only free the genus Odynerus from one species. I have conse-
quently left this species in the latter genus.’
I. Rh. dorsale Fasr.—(Vide Odynerus dorsalis, p. 257).
Gen. ODWNERUS Larr.
Abdomen sessile or subsessile. Labial palpi 4-articulate.
Maxillary palpi 6-articulate. Mandibles elongate, as in Hu
menes, more or less toothed. The second cubital cell not petio-
late. |
This genus may be distinguished by its elongated mandibles and
sessile abdomen. In numerous species, however, the abdomen is
subpedunculate, that is, the first segment is rather funnel-shaped,
' In my Studies on the Families of the Vespide I also described as an
American Rhynchium the Rh. limbatum, p. 117, 27; pl. xv, fig. 10 (not 9).
But this type, now in my possession, in consequence of the acquisition of
the collection of the late M. de Romand, appears to me incontestably
Asiatic. Like many others in this collection, it bore a wrong label.
144 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART YT,
but never as much petiolated as in Humenes, the base only of the
first segment being slender, if at all, while its extremity always
envelops the base of the 2d segment. The form of the different
parts of the body is quite variable. The thorax is short or elon-
gate, angulate or rounded, the abdomen may be thick or slender,
quite conical and sessile or sessile and not conical, but ovate and
cylindrical ; it becomes also subpetiolate, the first segment being
more cup-shaped or campanulate. The abdomen is also often
attenuated anteriorly and posteriorly, which makes it spindle-
shaped, etc. Several of these forms make transitions to other
genera. In Odynerus, as in all the genera with more or less
sessile abdomen, the styliform appendages at the end of the poste-
rior tibiz are not as much developed as in the petiolate genera.
The exterior spine of the hinder femora is always small. The
Odynerus are distinguished: from Alastor by their wings, which
have the 2d cubital cell not petiolate upon the radial cell; from
Pterochilus by their labial palpi, comparatively small and not
pectinate or feathery; from Dontezumia by a different facies and
by the composition of their palpi; from MMonobia only by the
formation of the palpi.
It is to Nortonia that these insects have the most similarity.
They differ by their less petiolate abdomen (really not petiolate)
and by the emarginate or variable metathorax, which in Norionia
remains as in Humenes, convex and stubbed.
Nevertheless it would be difficult to set a distinct limit between
Odynerus and the most closely allied genera. = Ex.:—
Transitions to Alastor.—In most species of Odynerus the 2d
cubital cell has a little radial edge which makes it very distinct
from Alastor, but in some intermediate types the 2d cubital cell
becomes quite triangular, only touching the radial cell with its
anterior angles. This is really quite a transition to Alastor, but
we keep the intermediate types in the genus Odynerus, reserving
for the genus Alastor only the species in which the 2d cubital
cell is distinctly petiolate upon the radial cell.
Transitions to Pterochilus.—In the subgenus Lpipona, the
thorax becomes short and rounded, the abdomen oval and de-
pressed. The whole insect assumes quite the appearance of a
Plerochilus and can only be distinguished by its normal labial
palpi.
Transitions to Monobia.—As said above, the two genera can
ODYNERUS. 145
only be distinguished by the composition of the palpi, which are
not 4- and 6-jointed in Monobia, as in Odynerus.
Transitions to Montezumia.—A few Odyneri take the appear-
ance of Montezumia, the first abdominal segment becoming quite
funnel-shaped (QO. tapiensis, etc.). In this case they can only be
distinguished by the examination of the palpi. But in general
the facies is very different in Odynerus.
Transitions to Nortonia.—A number of Odynerus have the
abdomen subpetiolate, the first abdominal segment becoming
elongate. This is especially the case in the species of the sub-
genus Odynerus, Division Hypodynerus. These form a regular
transition to Norlonia, and are only distinguished by their
appearance and more angulate metathorax ; the first segment has
also a more triangular, depressed, and gibbous form, not being
funnel-shaped in the same way. In WNortonia it is properly
funnel-shaped. In Hypodynerus a sort of petiole only is formed
by the anterior face of the first abdominal segment. Norionia is
quite intermediate between Odynerus and Lumenes, while Hypo-
dynerus quite connects itself with Odynerus.by decided transi-
tions, and has the thorax very different from Humenes. Indeed
in Nortonia the petiole cannot be doubted when the abdomen is
elevated; while in Hypodynerus, when the abdomen is raised,
the anterior face of the first segment is applied against the meta-
thorax and fits against it, and one can only see the upper face of
the segment, which is quite transverse and which causes the
abdomen to appear quite sessile.
Though it is not possible to define a trenchant limit between
Nortonia and Odynerus, yet as the most changeable types are
not American, it would be superfluous to insist upon this point.
Geographical distribution.—The genus Odynerus is much the
greatest among the Vespide, and, in a philosophical point of view,
one might take it for the stem of the family.
_ Judging by the numerous species which have been found in the
countries already explored; by the number known in North
America and in Europe; by the numerous. species which have
resulted from my researches in Mexico (although I could only
give to it very little time), and by what other travellers have
brought from various parts of the world, it is beyond doubt that
there exist more than a thousand species of Odynerus, and
10
146 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I
perhaps nearly double this number, for there is no region of the
globe which does not offer an abundance of these insects.
Therefore the prospect of the future leads us to sce riches
which by their very abundance will bring the entomologist to
desperation in keeping the genus Odynerus out of a general chaos.
Among the so various forms of this group,.some are charac-
teristic of general zoological groups, which form natural subdivi-
sions of the genus. ‘These forms present themselves on several
continents and are not peculiar to all the species of one continent.
Other forms are, on the contrary, so to speak, mere geographical
impressions, which belong to particular regions of the globe,
which stamp their character upon all the species of those locali-
ties, through all the genera, but are not to be found in other
countries.
Examples of modification in the first way.—(General zoologi-
cal modification, special to one or several genera, but not peculiar
to one country.)
a. The modification of the first segment of the abdomen, taking
a transverse suture (subgenus Ancistrocerus and Symmorphus)
is to be found on the whole globe. It forms quite a zoological
group, repeated in Odynerus and in Alastor.
b. The modification of the antenne of the males simple, not
taking a terminal hook. Thisis to be found amid the Odyneri
with a sutural first segment, in Symmorph us. The Symmorphus
are spread over the northern hemisphere, mixed up with Odyneri
having hooked antenne.
c. This same character of the $ antenne destitute of a hook
appears also in the true Odyneri, where it forms the division
Pachodynerus, but in those insects it is already a more geogra-
phical character, for the Pachodynerus is a special American type
spread over the new continent, and is particularly abundant in
the central parts. But, though quite American, it is not exclu-
sively a geographical group, for in America it is mixed with
Odyneri of other groups.
This same character also presents itself and much in the same
way in the genus Humenes where it forms the Division Omicron,
resuming the species with simple % antennze and has just the
same geographical type as Pachodynerus, being only American,
but also mingled in America with the’ hooked Humenes. This
ODYNERUS. 147
character is a regular zoological one, for it advances together with
a thick and short thorax in both genera.
Luaamples of the second modification.—(Local geographical
modification, not peculiar to one or several geuera, but quite
special to one country.)
a. As avery striking example in this way, one could not choose
better than in the group of Chilian Vespide. This forms quite
a remarkable collection of species, all having the same very
striking appearance. Indeed, all the Chilian Vespidz, to what-
ever genus, they belong, have the same peculiar livery; black,
with long black hair and whitish ornaments; with rufous or black
feet, rufous wings obscure at the apex. This livery (with its
varieties) is so striking, that one may at the first look distinguish
a Chilian species, and this facies is to be found in all the genera,
Odynerus, Gayella, Clenochilus, Alastor, etc. The forms of the
body, although quite variable, are also very characteristic in their
appearance. In the Chilian true Odynerus they even become so
very peculiar that we have been forced to make for them the
_ Division Hypodynerus. Nevertheless this is not properly a
zoological group, as it is again found in all the genera, but is
evidently only a stamp of the country which every species of any
genus seems to receive when it has the citizenship of that
country.
6. The species which populate the continuation of the same
region in the north, that is, the occidental side of the Andes of
Ecuador and New Granada, have also a peculiar facies, still
similar to that of Chili, but more approximate to the common
type of Odynerus. They are still hirsute with long black pile,
black-velutinous, but the ornaments are golden-yellow; the wings
are no longer ferruginous. The same character is also apparent
in other genera (f. i. Pachymenes ventricosa).
ce. In the Antilles the Odyneri are more marked, and have
common forms. They take a rich livery, with numerous orange-
yellow bands and spots. ‘The same modification may be noticed
in all the other genera of Vespidx in this region, even in the
social wasps.
d. In the Mexican region there are to be found types, with
dull rufous colors and with the margin of the 2d abdominal seg-
ment channelled and reflexed; the Sfenodynerus become quite
abundant, with a velutinous body (OQ. huastecus, olomitus, ete ),
148. HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I,
or very elongate, naked, with white ornaments (fofonacus, chi-
chimecus, etc.). But numerous species have also the normal
forms.
e. Inthe United States, oriental side, the Odyneri and all the
Vespide take the same characters as in Europe, as to forms and
coloration; except that the wings are more obscure.
f. In the prairies of the southwest, the colors grow pale; the
black passes into ferruginous.
g. On the occidental coast the yellow ornaments become
bright sulphur-yellow and extend over a great part of the body.
These considerations of the geography of the species, and con-
‘ versely on the modifications which follow their distribution, have
been too much neglected up to this day. They have a high
importance in the study of the origin of species, and they require
the attention of. entomologists, who alone can fix them, for only —
those who have much to do with numerous insects can make the
frequent and minute observations which enable one to generalize
‘rules of any value. And if entomology does not do its share in
helping to elucidate the questions of natural philosophy, it will
be a mere amusement of amateurs and will fall to the lowest rank
of the science.
Classification.—N otwithstanding the vastness of the genus
Odynerus and the various forms which it offers, one cannot well
arrange its species according to Sections, which are easy to dis-
cover. This results, first from the multiplicity of the transitions
which almost insensibly ally each form with several others, and
often conduct from one form to another in various ways; it results
also from the multitude of details of form which make their appear-
ance in the same series, creating a great perplexity in subordi-
nating the characters to a system. Far from being able to
establish large divisions, to be subdivided according to a regular
succession, one gets lost in numberless details and exceptions
which quite disorganize the subdivisions, so that it can only be
defined by loose indications in which the reader becomes lost.
This I must say for excuse, if I have not given better character-
istics.
The evil would be perfectly irremediable in a general system
of the Odyneri, in which the complication would become quite a
sort of chaos, as each continent possesses its series of special
forms, with numerous ramifications, beside the general series
ODYNERUS. 149
common to most parts of the globe. The evil is much less if
the fauna of one continent only is considered.
wie The only groups which can be well defined are the four
subgenera which Wesmael has indicated and which we have
adopted in our Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides.*| These sub-
genera we are obliged to subdivide again to justify the arrange-
ment of the species, but it is prudent to say that these subdivisions
are very artificial, and that one must not trust too much to the
definitions of them, because of the difficulty of involving in them
all the exceptional forms, as well as of giving a true description
of the details of the forms.
Definition of the subgenera.
A. First abdominal segment parted by a transverse suture.
a. First abdominal segment rather funnel-shaped, parted by a deep
longitudinal groove; Ponisi of the males simple, that is, without
a terminal hook. Symmorphus.
b. First abdominal segment truncate at base, not parted by a deep
longitudinal groove; antenne of the males terminated by a hook.
Ancistrocerus.
B. First abdominal segment with no transverse suture.
c. Thorax more or less square anteriorly ; abdomen conical, oval-conical
or spindle-shaped. Odynerus.
d. Thorax more globular or oval, rounded posteriorly, not very square
anteriorly. Abdomen oval, subsessile, more or less depressed, having
the same form as in Pterochilus (sublenticular). Epiponus.
The last two sections rather overlap each other; those preced-
ing are more defined and easier to distinguish. All of the four
subgenera are represented in North America. The 4th is the
only one which has not yet been discovered in South America.
Although these groups are not sharply defined, their respective
representatives can be easily distinguished by the eye, if one is
thoroughly familiar with their facies. The only very embar-
rassing types are those which unite Odynerus with Epiponus,but
they are not American.
Determination of the species.
We must here say, that, the most important specific characters
of ‘the Odyneri being in the metathorax, the insects must be pre-
pared with the abdomen bent downward, so as to leave the hinder
eS
1 Comp. this work, vol. I, p. 118-121.
150 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
face of metathorax quite free, and with the wings removed side-
wise. If not prepared in this way, it is impossible to determine
them with certainty. Before all things, one must thoroughly
acquaint himself with the characters of the metathorax, which I
will briefly repeat for this purpose.’ nite
In the most characteristic type, the metathorax is truncate,
together with the post-seutel; its hinder face is excavated, and
the excavation or hinder plate is angulate, forming on each side
a lateral dentiform angle.* The concavity is also margined with
sharp ridges.—The ridges running from the lateral angles up to
the angles of the post-scutel are the superior edges; the ridges
running from the lateral angles down to the articulation of the
abdomen, are the inferior edges.—Deside these, there is a third
sort of edge placed on the lateral faces of metathorax, running
from the lateral angles to the base of the posterior wing; these
are the lateral edges. There should be no confusion between
the superior ridges, which, seen from behind, may also be taken
for lateral ridges. ‘The superior edges are often rather elevated,
and at their superior extremities are separated from the post-
scutel by a little fissure or by anotch. These characters become
more and more effaced in the series of species until the meta-
thorax becomes quite convex, rounded, destitute of ridges, except
on the lateral edges, which nearly always continue, more or less.
The superior ridges become less salient, no longer making a sort
of tooth behind the post-scutel; they then become blunted (0.
dorsalis); or quite effaced (O. sulfureus, pratensis); finally,
also, the lateral angles disappear. In another series the mar-
gins of the hinder plate of mesothorax are quite arcuated, and
there are no-lateral angles, although the margins are yery sharp
(O. Megera, turpis, etc.); but, nevertheless, the same names can
be applied for the superior and inferior part of the marginal
ridges. These circuJar margins also become more and more
blunted (O. molestus), until the metathorax becomes quite con-
vex, rounded, as in the preceding case (O. leucomelas). In some
cases the lateral ridges are continued with the inferior ridges,
the superior ones being effaced, etc. (Numerous Stenodyneri.)
1 I have noticed this in my Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides, vol. III,
p. 184; pl. xii, fig. 1, 2, 3.
2 Compare Odyn. Hidalgi, Boscii, dorsalis, nasidens, Cubensis, eapra, ete.
ODYNERUS. 151
In conclusion, J must add, that in most cases it is impossible
to determine a species in this large genus with certainty, if it is
not represented by more or less numerous specimens, because the
forms of the mesothorax are more or less variable in the same
species. One must also make the determination upon females,
the males being less distinctly characterized. They must be
separated by the eye to their respective females.
Subgenus SYMMORPHUS! Wesm.
Body lengthened. Abdomen subsessile, the first segment funnel-
shaped, carrying a strong, transverse suture, and divided
on its superior face by a deep, longitudinal groove. Antenne
thick ; those of the males simple, with no terminal hook.
The insects which enter into this group inhabit Hurope and
America. They all present quite a similarity in form, which is
the reason of their name. Their body is more or less slender;
the clypeus is rounded, a little hollowed; the thorax is lengthened,
smooth, but traversed 2n all ats length by two arcuate grooves ;
the post-scutel, the metathorax, and often the first segment of the
abdomen are rugose; this last, while it is funnel-shaped, is also
truncated anteriorly before the suture and is, in consequence, less
petiolate than in the Nortonia. One notices among these insects
a particular marking; the 3d abdominal segment often loses its
bordering, while the 4th preserves it, and among the females the
elypeus, while it does not become wholly black, takes at the
summit a yellow medial spot and not two lateral spots as mostly
in Ancistrocerus.
The insects of this group are very easily distinguished by their
first abdominal segment provided with a suture and divided by
a longitudinal groove. They share this character with the
Nortonia only—the short thorax, the rounded metathorax, the
more pediculate abdomen, and the absence of the suture of the
first segment of which, suffice for a distinction.
‘In my Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides (T. III, p. 186), I have
substituted the name of Protodynerus for that of Symmorphus, under the
belief that the name Symmorpha had been employed during the same
year. But as the two terms are not absolutely identical, it seems best to
me to preserve the so-well-chosen name which Mr. Wesmael proposes.
152 HYMENOPTERA. OF AMERICA, [PART 1.
One finds in America and in Europe some corresponding
species, so to speak, which reproduce in each couutry the same
forms and the same distribution of colors.
a. Segments 1-4 cf the abdomen bordered with yellow.
1. S. Wakshianus pb. sp.—Niger, punctatus, gracilis, postseutello et
metanoto rugosis ; mesonoto sparse, scutello crassius, abdominis primo
segmento grosse, punctatis; puneto frontali et post-oculari, maculis 2
pronoti, 2 scutelli et utrinque 1 subalari, tegulis abdominisque segmen-
torum 1-4 limbo, flavis ; tibiis et tarsis flavis ; alis fusco-nebulosis.
Q. Macula in summo clypeo flava.
Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
?. Of a larger size than the O. Philadelphiz, but of a similar
form. Clypeus bidentate, punctured, and rugose toward the
base. Thorax less lengthened than in the species cited above.
Prothorax finely rimmed but not bidentate. Head and thorax
quite densely punctured; the punctures effaced on the summit
of the mesothorax, which bears only some scarce punctures and
which is traversed by two grooves in its whole length. Clypeus
eribrose with points which are coarser, but separated and few,
indistinctly divided by a groove. Post-scutel and metathorax
very rugose; the first presents, on its anterior border, a feeble,
rugose, divided projection, which does not extend as far as the
angles. Plate of the metathorax strongly rimmed but not biden-
tate. Abdomen shining. The first segment coarsely cribrose
above with large punctures and divided by a groove; its suture -
very strong; the first moiety of the 2d segment, its extremity,
the 8d, and the 4th, punctured.
Insect black, clothed with a short ma pile. A spot on
the summit of the clypeus, a mark between the antenne, a little
point behind the summit of the eyes, an interrupted line on the
seape of the antenne, two spots on the prothorax, one beneath
the wing, two on the scutellum, and the border of the segments
1-4 yellow; the bordering of the first two a little festooned,
especially that of the first, which is a little enlarged in the middle.
Wing scale yellow, with a testaceous point. Legs black; knees,
tibiz, and tarsi yellow; the last article of the tarsi brownish.
Wings smoky, with light violet and golden reflections.
The markings are of a golden yellow.
%. Unknown.
ODYNERUS. 153
Ress. a. diff.—This species differs from the O. Philadelphiz
in its greater size, its more complete marking, the 3d segment
of the abdomen being bordered with yellow; in its yellow wing
scales, tibisee, and tarsi, in its thorax, less lengthened, and not
bidentate upon its anterior angles; in a slightly different punc-
turation.
One could say that the O. Walshianus is the American repre-
sentative of the O. gracilis Wesm., an entirely corresponding
species of Europe, although smaller, and more ornamented with
yellow, having a more slender thorax and a bidentate prothorax.
The O. Walshianus is quite intermediate between the O. cras-
sicornis and the O. gracilis, both in the forms and size, but its
yellow markings are less extended, as may be observed in general
of the American species.
It differs from the O. pumilus in its greater size, in its less
slender form, in its prothorax which is not bidentate, in its first
abdominal segment neh has the superior face twice as wide as
long, etc.
Hab. The United States, Illinois.
I possess but one female, sent by Mr. Benj. D. Walsh, to whom
I dedicate the species.
b. Segments 1, 3, 4 of the abdomen bordered with yellow.
2. §. Philadel piniae Savss.—Niger, punctatus, gracilior, post-scutello
et metanoto rugosis ; abdominis primo segmento valde punctato; reliquis
nitidis ; puncto frontali et post-oculari, maculis 2 pronoti, macula sub-
alari, maculis 2 scutelli et abdominis segmentorum 1‘, 2%, 4‘ limbo, flavis ;
tegulis nigris; tibiis flavo-variis.
©. Clypeo nigro frequenter macula flava; %. Clypeo flavo, mandibulis,
linea in scapo antennarum, et 5! segmenti limbo, flavis.
Odyn. Philadelphie Savss. Revue Zool., 1X, 1857, 272.
Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8.5 mm.
©. In form very slender and lengthened. Clypeus rounded,
convex, punctate, hollowed, and distinctly bidentate. Thoray
mth lengthened; prothorax rimmed, its angles a little salient;
mesothorax traversed in its whole length by two strong grooves;
its anterior part punctured, like the prothorax; the remainder of
the disk smooth, finely punctured; scutellum smooth, divided by
a large groove; post-scutel and metathorax very rugose; the
154 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 5.
first forming a little rugose crest; the trench of this last bordered
with trenchant andsrugose ridges. Abdomen very slender; the
first segment lengthened, funnel-shaped; its upper face as long
as wide, rather coarsely punctured, divided by an indistinct
groove; the suture strong, arcuate. The other segments smooth.
Insect black. A spot at the summit of clypeus, another
between the antenne, a dot behind each eye, two spots on the
prothorax, one below the wing, two on the scutellum, and the
border of segments 1, 2, 4, yellow. ‘Tarsi ferruginous beneath ;
tibiee marked with yellow at the summit; the anterior pair yel-
low. Wings transparent, a little washed with brown. Wing
scales black.
Var. a. Spot on the clypeus very small.
b. Clypeus wholly black.
%. A little smaller. Clypeus, rounded and. bidentate, pale
yellow; mandibles yellow before, bordered with black; a yellow
line on the scape of the antenne; extremity of the flagellum a
little ferruginous beneath. The yellow dots of the head and
thorax small; that under the wing sometimes wanting. A yel-
low border upon the 5th segment. Tibiew yellow; tarsi yellow,
gray at the extremity. Groove of the first segment deeper.
Ress. a. diff.—This species greatly resembles the O. sinuatus
Fabr., although its markings are less rich. But its first abdomi-
minal segment is much less coarsely punctured and the dividing
groove much less pronounced. It differs from the O. pumilus in
its much greater size, in its first segment being less rugose, and
in its different ornamentation.
Hab. North America. Pennsylvania. New York. Canada.
Prairies. Fort Tejon. California. 6 9,1 %.
3. 8S. albomarginatus Savss.—Niger, punctatus; metanoto rugoso;
abdominis primo segmento grosse punctato, sutura elevata; puncto inter
antennas et frequenter altero in summo clypeo, maculis 2 pronoti, 2
scutelli, puncto subalari abdominisque segmentornm 1-4 taarginibus,
albidis; tibiis albido-variis; tarsis subtus ferrugineis. Alis hyalinis.
Lougit, 9 min.
Variat. Abdominis tertio segmento haud marginato.
Odynerus albomarginatus Sauss. Et. Vespides, III, 1854, 195, 90, 9.
Hab. America borealis, Hudson’s Bay. (Typus in Mas. Lon-
dinensi,) Connecticut. (Ed. Norton.)
ODYNERUS. 155
c. Segments 1, 2 only, of the abdomen bordered with yellow.
4M. & debilliis n. sp.—Niger, punctatus, maxime elongatus, gracillimus;
postscutello et metanoto rugosis; hoc maxime pone post-scutellum
producto; abdominis primo segmento elongato, grosse punctato, sulco
valde diviso; puncto frontali et post-oculari, punctis 2 scutelli, macula
subalari sulfureis; abdominis segmentorum l', 2! fascia marginali sul-
furea, secunda interrupta; tibiis basi sulfureis; alis hyalinis, tegulis
fusco-nigris. 9.
Total length, 8.5 mm.; wing, 7 mm.
®. Small and extremely slender. Form much lengthened.
Head large, higher than wide; antenne inserted notably below
the middle of its height. Clypeus widely and not deeply hol-
lowed, subbidentate, a little rugose toward the bottom. Head
finely punctured. Thorax very long; prothorax punctured,
finely rimmed, forming on each side a very small tooth. Meso-
thorax and elypeus little punctured; this last divided by a very
large groove. Post-scutel and metathorax very rugose; the first
flattened obliquely, bordered before; the second strongly pro-
longed behind; its concavity oblique, strongly hemmed, especially
toward the top a little striate.
Abdomen very long and slender. The first segment of a
lengthened funnel-shape, longer than wide, its suture very strong,
a little angulate in the middle; its surface very coarsely punctured
and divided by a wide and strong groove. The remainder
smooth. Insect of a shining black; a spot between the antenne,
a dot behind each eye, two spots on the prothorax, one beneath
the wing, two dots on the scutellum and the marginal belt of the
first segment of the abdomen, sulphur-yellow; the 2d segment
ornamented with a yellow border (sometimes interrapted), which
is almost wanting beneath. Legs black. Tibie and anterior
tarsi and the superior moiety of the tibiae of the other pairs, yel--
low; tarsi ferruginous. Wings transparent, a little brown on
the side about the stigma. Wing scales brown or black.
Var. On the 4th segment a trace of a border and at times a
dot at the summit of the clypeus, yellow.
%. Unknown. |
Ress. a. dif/-—This little species differs essentially from the O.
Philadelphiz in its more slender form, in the head being higher
than wide, in its much prolonged metathorax, in its more rugose
first segment, its very much more decided suture, and in the yel-
156 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART L
low livery of its abdomen. It closely recalls the O. bifasciatus
Fabr , although its head is narrower and its clypeus more emar-
ginate. It also closely approaches the O. debilitatus Sauss.,
which has nearly the same form of head, but which is less slender
and has the thorax especially, much more strongly spinose.
Hab. United States. Connecticut. Wisconsin. Illinois.
I owe this interesting species to the kindness of Mr. Edward
Norton and Mr. B. D. Walsh.
5. S. Pumaisus Savuss.—Gracilis, niger, nitidus, tenuiter punctatus ;
pronoto biangulato; post-scutello et metanoto ruyosis; illo -postice ex-
cavato, antice paulum altiore et utrinque in lateribus carinula longi-
tudinali marginato; hoc profande excavato, foveola elevato-marginata
instructo; mesonoto valde sulcato; seutello sulco valde partito ; abdomi-
nis primo segmento elongato, sutura valde prominula instructo, superne
yugosissime punctato et sulco obsoleto diviso; segmentis reliquis niti-
dissimis; puncto frontali et post-oculari, maculis 2 pronoti, 2 scutelli,
puncto subalari, limboque segmentorum abdominis omnium, flavis ;
(segmentorum 3-5 fascia undulata submarginali); pedibus nigris, tibils
tarsisque flavis; alis hyalinis, venis ferrugineis. %. Clypeo rotundato,.
bidentato; mandibulis et scapo antice fascia flava. Longit, 9 mm.
Odgn. pumilus Sauss. Vespides, III, 1854, 197, 93.
Hab. Peru. (The author’s collection. )
G6. S. cristatus Savss.—Sat parvus, niger, O. murario formis. similis;
metanoto rugoso; abdominis primo segmento sat grosse punctato, sutura
elevata, secundo latiore, basi punctato; puncto frontali, maculis 2 pro-
noti, fascia interrupta scutelli, macula subalari, flavis vel rufis; abdo-
minis segmentis 1, 2,4 sulfureo limbatis ; tibiis tarsisque ferrugineo-
variis; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis, radio ferrugineo. 9. Long. 9 mm.
Odynerus cristatus Sauss. Vespides, III, 196, 92, 9.
Hab. North America.
This species appears to me to be very nearly, if not wholly
identical with O. Philadelphiz. d
7.8. Camadenmsis Savuss.—Parvulus, niger, gracilis, ragosus; puncto
frontali, maculis 2 pronoti, 2 scutelli, macula subalari, abdominisque
limbo segmentorum li, 2i, 4i, flavis; tegulis fuscis; capite inflato,
antennis infere insertis; abdominis secundo segmento angusto, vix
latiore quam primum; alis hyalinis, apice fuscescentibus. 9. Longit,
8 mm.
Odynerus canadensis Sauss. Vespides, III, 196, 91, 9.
Hab. Canada.
ODYNERUS. 157
This species, like the preceding, has not been described with
sufficient precision to be recognized with certainty, until the
number of species has been augmented. It appears to be very
near to the O. debilis in the form of its head and abdomen.
Subgenus ANCISTROCERUS Wesm.
The first abdominal segment divided by a transverse suture ;
its superior face (situated behind the suture) not divided by
a deep groove. Antenne of the males terminated by a hook.
This subgenus includes insects of variable forms, in which,
although they are very hard to define, we can distinguish four
principal types. These are mere divisions of the subgenus.
A. The second cubital cell of the wing having a distinct radial side.
a. Form rather depressed, more chubby; the upper face of the Ist
abdominal segment transverse. Ancistrocerus.!
b. Form rather cylindrical, more slender.
* The hinder face of the metathorax more or less excavated; the
border of the excavation rough or rounded. Stenancistrocerus.
** The hinder face of the metathorax having a deep round cavity,
surrounded by a very sharp circular ridge. Hypancistrocerus.
B. The second cubital cell of the wing triangular, quite contracted on i's radial
side, but not petiolate. Ancistroceroides.
Division ANCISTROCERUS (properly speaking).
Saussure Et. Vespides, I, Section 1, a, p. 135; b, p. 139.
Vy Decale.
III, Section
Abdomen quite depressed, sessile; its first segment truncate
anteriorly so as to show two faces, one .anterior and one
superior; its two faces distinctly separated by the suture; the
superior one forming a wide square or a transverse band. This
segment short and wide. Thorax flattened above; disk of the
mesonotum offering at its base two longitudinal grooves.
The insects of this series have their form rather depressed than
cylindrical. They are generally rather wide, but are sometimes
Slender; the thorax is somewhat cubical, although generally
! The division Anctstrocerus is also to be distinguished by the fact, that
the yellow margin of the first segment is a band, either regular, or widened
on the sides, while in the others it is generally either regular or narrowed
on the sides.
158 ' ‘HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
lengthened and rather flattened above. The clypeus is pyriform
among the females, but is usually wide or wider than long; its ex-
tremity terminates in a little border, channelled by a small trench
which often makes it appear bidentate; among the males it is
polygonal and bidentate. The disk of the mesothorax offers two
or four grooves on its hinder part. Above all the metathorax is
very characteristic. It is a little oblique. Its posterior plate
always presents an excavation, which is divided by a vertical
carina. The post-scutellum is truncate, at times subcrenulate,
but its trench never coincides with that of the metathoracic
fossette. The abdomen, always depressed and sessile, has an
ovalo-conic, never flatly conic form. It is at times velvety, never
coarsely punctured, except perhaps on borders of the segments.
The first segment is wide, cut squarely and shortly above.
In fine, even when the form is much lengthened (0. tigris), the
general appearance is preserved, the body being rather flattened
than cylindrical. In this group the males are quite variable.
Among certain species they nearly assume the size of the females.
Among others they are very much smaller and vary endlessly in
form, so that one can scarcely refer them to their females, but
by a series of groupings.
Table to assist in the determination of the species of ANCISTROCERUS
(principally based upon the females).
1. Wings fusco-violaceous.
2. Margin of second segment smooth; post-scutel black.
: 11. Spinole.
2,2. Margin of second segment rough ; post-scutel yellow. —
24. unifasciatus.
1,1. Wings subhyaline or smoky.
2. Margin of the second segment reflexed
-3. Color rufous, vertex tubercalate. 26. tuberculiceps.
3, 3. Color black, argenteous. 29. Ariste.
2,2. Margin of the second segment not reflexed.
3. Abdomen and antenne mostly yellow. 27. Sutterianus.
3,3. Abdomen and antenne mostly black.
4. Metathorax with two long spines; angle of prothorax dentate.
19. Clarazianus.
4,4. Metathorax with short spines or not dentate.
5. Thorax black, body velvety. ;
6. The first abd. segment not margined with yellow.
23. Parredesi.
eS bm
.
ODYNERUS. 159
6,6. The first abd. segment margined with yellow.
7. Twoyellow fascieonthe abdomen. 28. pilosus.
7,7. Five yellow fascigontheabdomen. 18. Sylveira.
5.5. Thorax black, with yellow or luteous ornaments ; body
sericeous or shining, not velvety.
6. Abdomen-with 2 yellow or luteous fascia.
7. Body very coarsely punctate, posterior margin of pro-
thorax luteous. 21. conspicuus.
7,7. Body not very coarsely punctate; anterior margin of
prothorax yellow.
8. Post-scutel black. 9. ambiguus. |
8, 8. Post-scutel yellow. 22. cingulatus.
6,6. Abdomen with 3 yellow fasciz.
7. Post-scutel black. 16. Santa-Anne.
7, '7. Post-scutel yellow. 25. campestris. p.1d3
6, 6,6. Abdomen with 4 or 5 vellow fascie.
7. Thorax eubic, short.
8. Two yellow spots on the second segment.
: 20. birenimaculatus.
8,8. No yellow spots on the second segment.
20. ¢ birenimaculatus.
17. | Bustamenti.
7,7. Thorax more elongate.
8. Metathorax with sharply defined border.
9. Post-scutel black.
j 10. f capra.
14. ‘i adiaubatus.
10,10. Ornaments white. 12. albophaleratus.
_ 9,9. Post-scutel more or less yellow
10. Body normal.
11. Color gray, sericeous. 18. Sylveire.
11, 11. Color black, shining. i . PS eS Me
10,10. Body slender, elongate. 8. tigris.
8,8. Metathorax rounded behind. 25. campestris. p-183.
10. Ornaments yellow
I. Metathorax having tts concavity angulate, bordered all around
by trenchant edges (Sect. I, a, Sauss. Vespides, I, 135).
(Group of O. partetum Linn.)
Among these insects the metathoracie cavity has a polygonal
form, determined by its angulate edges. The medial carina
divides the fossette into two equal parts, which can be compared
in form to two coupled pentagons. Their angles often make on
each side a sort of tooth (which is variable among individuals of
160 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
the same species, as it happens to be more or less developed) ;
and at the summit two other teeth separated at the post-scutel
by a sort of groove or wide fissure. ‘The concavity is in general
punctured, but is often striate in the middle or toward the base.
The Anczistrocerus of this division are very common, both in
Europe and North America; one can even find corresponding
types among the species analogous to the two countries. How-
ever, I have never met the same identical species upon the*two
continents. .
Here, as in other solitary wasps, the American species are
generally less ornamented with yellow than the European; the
bands are narrower and the wings have a much greater tendency
to pass into brown-violet. In short, the American types have a
more sober appearance.
A. Form lengthened, slender.
S. A. tigris Savss.—Sat minutus; niger, punctatus, gracillimus; meta-
noti foveola subrugosa, acute marginata, utrinque in dentem excurrente,
marginibus rectis ; puncto in basi mandibularum, 9 maculis 4 in clypeo,
puucto frontali et post-oculari, linea in scapo, fascia bilobata pronoti,
macula subalari, 2 scutelli, post-scutello et abdominis segmentorum
marginibus anguste, tibiis tarsisque, flavis; antennis subtus ferrugi-
neis; alis hyalinis, apice fusco nebulosis.
?Odyn. dedaleus Harris Cat., 1833, p. 589, undescribed.
Odyn. tigris Sauss. Revue Zvol., IX, 1857, 273.
?Odyn. pertinar! Sauss. Et. Vespides, III, 1854, 216, 108, 4.
Odyn. cervus Sauss. Rev. Zool., X, 1858, 165.
Q. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
*%. Total length, § mm.; wing, 6 mm.
2. Small. Form very slender, much lengthened, but de-
pressed, not cylindrical. Clypeus pyriform; coarsely punc-
tured, terminated by a little border, hardly concave, but appear-
ing at times as if bidentate, because of a black and shining
depression. Thorax much lengthened, prothorax scarcely re-
tracted before, edge delicately upturned; its angles not spinose.
Anterior portion of mesothorax often presenting a little smooth
line and the posterior part two grooves. Scutel flat Post-
scutel arcuate on its posterior border. Metathorax having its
hinder plate clearly marked, its surface dull subrugose, formed of
two plane inclosures of a pentagonal shape, very angulate,
! Small male, not easy to determine.
ODYNERUS. 161
bordered by very sharp and trenchant ridges, not arcuate, but
straight and forming on each side an acute spiniform angle. The
latero-superior borders of the plate are straight, salient, terminated
above by an elevation which is separated from the post-seutel by
a kind of notch or feeble fissure. Upon the sides of the meta-
thorax, the ridge is prolonged by a wide and indistinet furrow
(in other words, the latero-superior faces of the metathorax are
feebly and widely channelled along the edge which borders thie
posterior side); the superior medial ridges which form the
re-entering angle are less strongly pronounced. Abdomen
depressed. Head and thorax densely cribrose. Superior face
of the metathorax very rugose.
Insect black. A spot at the base of the mandibles,. another
upon the front, a point behind the eyes, the anterior border of
the prothorax, a spot below the wings, the posterior border of
the post-scutel and two spots on the posterior border of the
scutellum, yellow. Clypeus either with four yellow spots, or
yellow with a black square, or bordered with yellow. Antenne
black, ferruginous beneath, with a yeilow line upon the scape.
Seements of the abdomen all ornamented with a regular yellow
border; the borders of 3d and 4th often very narrow and the 5th
wanting. Feet black, tibisc and tarsi yellow, these last often
orange. Wings transparent, washed with brown-violet toward
the end; wing scales yellow, with a brown dot.
%. Smaller, having the form equally slender, although the
thorax may be shorter. Coloration the same, but in general the
border of the scutellum presents but two yellow dots, while the
post-scutel is black, or also marked with two yellow points.
Head large; eyes much swollen; clypeus lengthened, pentagonal,
terminated by two teeth, entirely yellow, as well as the mandibles.
Angles of the prothorax dentiform. Legs entirely yellow, the
femora at times marked with black above; coxe spotted with
yellow. Antenne very large and very thick, orange beneath,
terminated by a ferruginous hook, or they are wholly ferruginous
upon the last two articles.
Observation.—There exist some quite singular differences in
the form of the males. In general, the thorax is less length-
ened than in the 2. The teeth and metathoracic ridges are
also subject to vary within certain limits, being often blunted.
When the last segments of the abdomen are retracted, the insect
Tl
162 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
loses its slender appearance. The first segment of the abdomen
is often quite strongly punctured and even sometimes divided by
a groove. We possess many males of very small size (length
6-7 mm.) and quite slender, taken by Edward Norton in the
environs of New York and in Massachusetts, which offer very
slender yellow markings, and in which the metathoracie ridges
are quite blunted. One, however, recognizes them by their
enlarged antenne, yellow beneath at the extremity. With, this
species the bordering of the prothorax is narrow, a little bilobed,
terminating in a point on each side. Sometimes the metathorax
is but little angulate, while the superior ridges are also more
arcuate.
Ress. a. diff.—This species is recognized by its form, very
slender and elongate, but yet different from that of O. fulvipes,
in that the thorax is flattened above and the abdomen beneath,
as with the O. capra and its congeners, not cylindrical as with
the O. fulvipes and its neighbors. In its livery it resembles the
O. campestris, but is distinguished from it by its very much more
slender form, by the very sharp ridges bordering the metathorax,
by the first segment having the border not enlarged upon the
sides, etc. The very small males could be easily confounded with
those of the O. Philadelphiz, but can be easily distinguished
from them by the wide and short form of the superior face of the
first segment and by the absence of its great longitudinal groove.
Hab. The United States. Canada. (Lake Superior.) Con-
necticut. New York. Pennsylvania. Illinois. Louisiana. The
Prairies. (Fort Tejon.) (14 2, 10%.)
> 9. A. ambiguus Spin.—Niger, punctatus; metanoto rugoso, excavato,
acute marginato, utrinque angulato; antennis subtus rufis ; pronoti mar-
gine antico, macula subalari, et scutelli, abdominis segmentorum 1‘, 2!
margine postico, luteis; secundo subtus basi tuberculato; alis rufes-
centibus, apice griseis, tegulis flavo-marginatis; % clypeo flavo, tibiis
et tarsis rufis; scutello et pleuris nonnunguam immaculatis.
Odyn. ambiguus Spin., Gay’s Hist. fis. de Chile, Zool., VI, 264, 9 (1851)
© .—Sauss. Vespides, I, 140, 23, >.
Odyn. Bustillosi Sauss., Gay’s, Chili, ibid. 567,10, %.—Sauss. Vespides,
I, 141, 25, 4; III, 205.
©. Total length, 9.5 mm.; wing, 6.5 mm.
*,. Total length, 7 mm.; wing, 5.5 mm,
ODYNERUS. 163
Small, black; head and thorax densely punctate. Head
rounded; the antennz inserted a little lower than the middle of
face. Clypeus rounded, convex, slightly bidentate at the apex;
angles of prothorax sharp. Post-scutel transverse, a little
elevated, rounded and rough. Metathorax roughened above; its
posterior face excavated, with sharp edges, and bidentate on each
side; the lateral tooth or angle placed rather lower than the
middle of the metathorax; the excavation smooth. Abdomen
very little punctured; the first segment anteriorly truncate and
smooth; the suture angulate; the upper face with shallow punc-
tures and parted by a slight groove; second segment slightly
constricted at base, tuberculate at base beneath.
Antenne ferruginows beneath. A little dot behind the eye,
anterior edge of prothorax, a spot below the wing, the posterior
margin of scutel, and of the first two abdominal segments,
sulphur-yellow or whitish. Wings sebhyaline; the costal part
and base washed with ferruginous.
2. Clypeus more triangular, strongly cribrose, black. Wing
scale yellow, with a brown spot. Feet black; tarsi and anterior
tibize rather ferruginous beneath.
Var. Clypeus with an interrupted yellow band and two yellow
spots or with yellow spots only.
%. Clypeus yellow, tenuously margined with black. Hook of
the antenne very small, Knees, tibie, and tarsi ferruginous.
Spot under the wing small. Wing scales black, margined with
yellow. The yellow fascie of scutel narrow or interrupted.
Var. No spot under the wing; scutel entirely black, mandibles
passing into a pale color.
Ress. a. diff.—The male rather differs from the female, so that’
I first thought them to be different species; however I have no
doubt as to their identity, having been able to compare 8 2, 9 8.
Hab. Chili. In the woods.
B. Form still lengthened, but less slender.
10. A. Capra Savss.—Validus, gracilis, niger, punctatus; antennis Nats ~ candy 1,
‘ s.. e . : ; Pig COOL OO
subtus terrugineis, scapo fascia flava; metanoti foveola polita, punctata, vate. eeees tN aa
. : cos : ; lana ok. Ue
-acute marginata, per carinam divisa, angulata, § utringue in dentem | Catling Man .
red e
lateralem excurrente;clypei maculis 2 vel 4, puncto frontali et post-
164 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
oculari, macula subalari, punctis 2 scutelli, pronoti margine et abdomi-
nis vittis 4 vel 5, 4 6, tibiisque sulfureis.
Q. Total length, 17 mm.; wing, 13 mm.
*%,- Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
Odynerus capra Sauss. Rev. Zool., IX, 1857, 273.
Form quite slender as with the O. uwnifasciatus, but of larger
size. Head and thorax cribrose with moderately dense pune-
tures. Clypeus widely pyriform, convex, punctured, terminated
by a border almost straight, but impressed and smooth in the
middle, so that it even appears a little bidentate. Head and
thorax densely punctured. Vertex offering at times a double
impression toward the middle of the posterior border. Thorax
lengthened; angles of the prothorax feebly indicated ; metathorax
having two or four longitudinal ¢rooves. Post-seutel large, a
little truncate, but without any sharp ridge, slightly bossed, and
cribrose with punctures as far as the trench; metathorax rugose;
its posterior part wide, shining, punctured, and bordered all
around by a salient cordon which forms at the summit two
distinct angles and upon each side an angle, at times subdenti-
form; this plate beyond divided by a medial carina into two
pentagons. Abdomen a little depressed, finely punctured, more
distinctly upon the Ist segment and on the border of those fol-
lowing, but the borders not channelled nor upturned; the first
segment distinctly truncate, its suture very salient; its superior
face trapezoidal, as with the O. wnifasciatus, but wider and
shorter. : |
Insect black, clothed with a grayish or ferruginous pile. A
spot at the base of the mandibles, two arcuate spots on the
summit of the clypeus, a dot on the front, and another behind
each eye; two triangular spots forming’a bilobate border on the
prothorax terminating in a dot upon each side; a spot beneath
the wing and two upon the scutellum, yellow. Antenne black,
with the flagellum beneath ferruginous or yellow, and carrying a
yellow line upon the scape before. Wing scale spotted with
black, with brown and with yellow. Abdomen shining; its seg-
ments 1-4 or 1-5 regularly bordered with yellow. Feet black;
tibiz yellow, at least above; tarsi brown or ferruginous. Wings
transparent, feebly washed with brown along the nervures and in
the radial.
*
ODYNERUS. 165
Var. Two yellow spots at the base of the clypeus. Clypeus
yellow with a black dot in the middle.
%. Clypeus strongly bidentate, polygonal, and with the la-
brum and the mandibles before, yellow. Hook of the antenne very
small, black. Border of the concavity of the metathorax much
more salient; its superior angles elevated into two pyramids
separated from the post-scutellum by two fissures. Lateral
angles of the metathorax prolonged in the form of a spine-like
tooth. Segments 5 and 6 adorned with a narrow yellow edging;
knees, tibia, and tarsi yellow.
Var. %. No yellow spots beneath the wing nor on the scutellum
(Illinois, Wisconsin).
- Observation.—The markings upon this species are of a sulphur-
yellow. The first two segments of the abdomen have a regular
border; that of the first is at times a little enlarged in the middle.
The bordering of the segments 3-5 is but a narrow edging.
This Odynerus is literally the American representative of the
O. antilope of Europe. It has the same form, the same sculpture,
the same design, and cannot be distinguished but by the less
developed yellow ornaments and by a little larger size.
Ress. a. diff.—This species is especially characterized by the
form of the metathorax, the plate of which is shining as with the
O. antilope, and has the inferior borders more salient. It is
distinguished also by its great size, by its form, lengthened but
not narrow, by the regularity of its abdominal bands, and by its
livery of yellow ornaments, but little developed and constant.
It differs from the O. unifasciatus by its large size, by its 2d
abdominal segments having the border not upturned, by its
numerous yellow bands.
Hab. North America, the eastern portion, where it is very
common. I possess 20 of the 2? and 4 $, which have been taken
in Canada, Lake Superior (Agassiz), Connecticut (Norton),
Pennsylvania (Rathvon), Tennessee (Fuchs), Illinois (Walsh),
Missouri, Louisana (Norton).
Qi. A. Spimoltae Savss.—Validus, niger, nitidus, punetatus, statura et
formis O. capre simillimus, at metanoti disco 9 magis acute marginato
supra angulosiore; clypeo, seutello et thoracis lateribus immaeulatis ;
166 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 1.
abdomine tantum fasciis 2 flavis; prima latissima, nigro emarginata,
secunda angusta; alis fusco-violaceis. 9.
Odynerus Spinole Sauss. Vespides, III, 216, 107 ¢1854).
Total length, 16 mm. ; wing, 12 mm.
2. Large, clypeus widely pyriform, coarsely cribrose, termi-
nated: by a little, almost straight, and appearing bituberculate,
border. Ocelli large and approaching; upon the vertex a little
woolly space. Thorax lengthened. Prothorax neither angulate
nor rimmed, having the shoulders only lightly defined. Disk of
the mesothorax wide, bearing four longitudinal grooves and a
fifth quite feebly marked which occupies the middle of its anterior
part. Post-scutel short and truncate, cribrose, and rugose,
almost forming a ridge. Concavity of the metathorax surrounded
by a salient and trenchant border, forming on each side a sharp
spiniform angle and on the summit two yet more distinct angles,
separated from the post-scutellum by a groove; the posterior
plate divided into two pentagons by a medial carina. Suture of
the first abdominal segment very decided; border of the second
segment smooth, having no larger punctures than upon the
remainder of it; those of the following segments strongly pune-
tured. Head aa thorax shining, cribrose, with separated punc-.
tures, metathorax rugose.
Insect of a shining black, clothed with a gray a pile ;
a spot at the base of the mandibles, one between the antenna, a
dot behind each eye, and two triangular spots on the prothorax,
yellow. Antenne black, ferruginous, or yellow beneath, their
scape marked with a yellow line. First abdominal segment
entirely yellow above, behind the suture, with a black depression
of variable form in the middle; second segment ornamented above
by a narrow yellow border, at times badly limited, slightly
mingled with the black, a little interrupted or passing into brown.
Feet black; tibie and tarsi yellow. Wings of a transparent
brown ; with dark violet reflections; wing scales brown or black,
with a yellow dot. The ornaments are of a lively yellow.
Ress. a. diff.—This species is easily recognized by its large
size, its violet wings, the wide border of its first segment, and
that of the second segment at times retracted in the middle and
its black clypeus. It is easily distinguished from the O. unifas-
ciatus by its very angulate metathorax and by the border of the
second segment, which is not rugose.
ODYNERUS. 167
It has exactly the size and form of the O. capra, but is dis-
tinguished from it by its metathoracic plate having sharper angles,
by its more truncate post-scutel, and by its second abdominal
segment being less punctured along the border; perhaps also by
its violet wings and the absence of spots beneath the wings and
on the secutellum, and by the absence of yellow bands upon the
3d and 4th segments. It is distinct from the O. unifasciatus by
the border of the 2d segment, which is neither channelled nor
rugose.
Hab. The United States. Connecticut. Pennsylvania. Indi-
ana lilo, Tennessee: (6°2.)
C. Body more gathered (not so elongate), normal, but the thorax
; ' is still sensibly longer than wide.
c. Metathoraz destitute of strong spines.
12. A. albophaleratus Savuss.—Medius, niger, punctatus; puncto
frontali et post-oculari, pronoti et abd. segmentorum margine, maculis 2
scutelli, 1 subalari, tegulisque, niveis; 2 clypeo albido-bimaculato, et
antennarum scapo subtus testaceo ; *%, mandibulis, clypeo bispinoso
lineaque scapi et pedibus albidis; pronoto et metanoto bidentato.
Odynerus albophaleratus Sauss. Vespides, III, 217, 109.
©. Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
*. Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
®. Size moderate. Head and thorax densely punctured.
Clypeus widely pyriform, punctured, terminated by a little
straight or subemarginate border. Thorax mediocre; prothorax
moderately wide; its angles distinct; mesothorax marked with
four grooves at its base, with two across the whole; metathorax
rugose; its posterior plate finely shagreened; bordered by a
cordon which marks ont the usual pentagon, which is but little
aneulate, without lateral teeth. Abdomen ovalo-conit; the first
segment wide and truncate with a very distinct suture; the whole
abdomen quite finely punctured; the Ist segment most strongly.
Insect black. A spot upon the front, another behind each eye;
a slender border on the prothorax, two dots on the scutellum, and
a regular border on every segment of the abdomen, whitish.
Antenne black; the scape testaceous beneath. Legs black, the
tibie white above; tarsi slightly ferruginous. Wings transpa-
168 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 1.
rent, with the radius and the stigma brown, except a little wash-
ing of brown ferruginous about the nervures.
$. Clypeus lengthened, bidentate; the teeth permitting between
them a narrow emargination. Mandibles, labrum, clypeus, and
a line on the scape of the antenne, white. Extremity of. the
antenne beneath and the hook, ferruginous. Angles of the
metathorax dentiform; marginal ridges of the metathoracic plate
very trenchant, forming on each side a spiniform tooth; seutellum
parted by a groove; post-scutel rugose, offering on the summit
of its posterior trench a sort of interrupted rugose ridge. Knees,
tibiz; tarsi, and often the femora, whitish.
Var. Scutellum bordered with whitish.
fess. a. diff.—This species is very well characterized by its
white ornaments, and it has the appearance of. the European
species of the subgenus Epipona. One might easily err in
ranging it with this group in spite of the anteriorly truncated
abdomen. The clypeus (%) in particular is cut exactly as with
these insects. See the affinities of the O. Cafskilli.
Hab. North America. I took this Odynerus in abundance in
the environs of New York in the month of April, but I met none
except the males. I finally received 12 ? from Connecticut,
Illinois, and Pennsylvania.
Odbservation.—We possess one individual 9, having the form
sensibly more stubbed, whieh has the clypeus white, with a black
spot and the scutellum almost entirely white; the borders of the
segments quite wide. (Illinois.) Is it a simple variety?
13. A. Catskilfemsis Sauvss.—Niger, punctatus, crassus; O. albo-
phalerato statura et O. campestri picturaé similis; corpore flavo-picto ;
metanoti foveola acute marginata, frequenter utringue macula flava ;
-seutellorum limbo interrupto, flavo; antennarum seapo flavo-lineato.
Odynerus Catskilli Sauss. Vespides, I, 136.!
Odyn. Catskillensis Sauss. Et. Vespid., II, 204.
©. Total length, 11.5 mm.; wing, 9.5 mm.
*,. Total length, 9.5 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
' The fig. 8, pl. xvi, which is named as representing this species in the
work cited, does not represent it at all. It is a lapsus to be regretted,
without considering that the figure is very bad. One should not take it
into account at all.
7 |
ODYNERUS. 169
2. Form stout. The size and shape of the 0. albophuleratus,
but the thorax is shorter. Clypeus wide, quite triangular, trun-
cated at the extremity or appearing lightly bidentate, strongly
punctured. Body densely punctured and clothed with a gray
pile. Concavity of the metathorax dull, finely wrinkled, strongly
bordered ; its marginal ridges arcuate and quite strongly salient
at the summit, where they almost form two little teeth separated
from the post-scutel by a fissure; on each side there is formed
another dentiform angle, at times not very decided. Abdomen
short; the first segment short ; almost as wide as the 2d.
Insect black, much resembling in coloration the O. campestris.
Antenne ferruginous beneath, with a yellow line upon the scape.
A dot upon the mandibles, four spots upon the clypeus, one on
the front, one behind each eye, a narrow border on the prothorax,
a spot beneath the wing, an interrupted bordering on the scutel,
and two arcuate spots upon the lateral ridges of the metathorax,
yellow. All the segments of the abdomen adorned with a narrow,
regular border; knees, tibie, and tarsi yellow; these last often
ferruginous. Wings transparent, washed with brown in the
radial and along the nervures. Wing scales yellow, touched
with brown.
Var. a. Clypeus yellow, with a black spot.
6. Only four yellow borders upon the abdomen.
ce. Spots of the metathorax very small, occupying the base of
the ridges.
d. No spots on the metathorax.
$. A little.smaller, stubbed. Mandibles, labrum, and clypeus
yellow; this last wide, rounded, and bidentate. Hook of the
antenne ferruginous, as well as the extremity of the flagellum
beneath. Border of the Ist abdominal segment often blended
upon the sides with a yellow dot; femora yellow; feet almost
entirely yellow. ‘Two yellow dots on the sides of the 2d segment.
Var. a. No separate yellow dots upon the 2d segment.
b. Scutels black.
fess. a. dif?.—This species can be recognized by the short first
abdominal segment, as wide as the 2d, and by the two yellow
spots on the metathorax. But this last character being subject
to be wanting, it is not advisable to give it too much importance,
One can distinguish this Odynerus from the O. capra by its very
much smaller size and by its stubbed form: from the O. Spinole
170 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I,
by its snialler size, its less angulate metathoracic plate, by the
narrow border of the first segment, by the transparent wings and
quite different livery: from the O. albophaleratus by its yellow
ornaments; its shorter thorax, a little less strongly panctured,
its abdomen having more punctures, its antenne more colored,
and the size a little larger: from the O. unifasciatus and cam-
pestris by its metathoracic plate bordered throughout by sharp
ridges and by the border of the 2d segment which is not rugose.
But above all it might be confounded with the O. birenimacu-
latus. It is distinguished from it by the less rich livery, by the
regular border of the first segment, by the very much less gross
form, by the much smaller size, etc. Compare these two species
carefully. |
Hab. The United States. New York. Connecticut. Illinois.
(LOD, OSH)
Observation.—This species is the American representative of
the O. renimacula and it appears to me to differ from this species
only by the rather less defined angles of the prothorax and by the
metathoracic plate, which is not striate.
I possess a very small individual, 9 (long. 8 mm.), which per-
haps indicates the existence of another allied species. The thorax
is a little more lengthened, the first segment of the abdomen is
divided by a feeble groove, the clypeus offers but two yellow
dots toward the base, and the metathoracic ridges are marked by
two little yellow lines. (Connecticut, Mr. Edw. Norton.)
I possess also many more little males which I cannot but
ascribe to this species and which, in fact, do not present any
difference from the males of the normal size, but in being much
smaller, and that some of the punctures of the first segment of
the abdomen are a little stronger. Length, 8.5 mm.; wing, 7.
These specimens have no separate spots on the 2d abdominal
segment. The Ist segment carries a regular border, not enlarged
upon the sides. The scuteilum offers two yellow spots; the post-
scutel is in general black, at times bipunctate.
I do not doubt but that these little males really belong to this
species, just as one often meets variations among the insects of
this group. These males greatly resemble those of the O. tigris,
but they are however larger, and above all, wider and more stubbed
in form. Connecticut. New York. Illinois.
ODYNERUS. Jey:
14, A. adiabatus Savss.—Minutus, niger; clypeo 4, tenuiter biden-
tato; metanoto bispinoso, superne rugoso, haud acuto; abdomiue gracili;
primo segmento elongato; clypeo, mandibulis, scapo antice, puncto
frontali et post-oculari, pronoti linea antica, tegulis, puncto subalari
abdominisque segmentorum marginibus anguste, flavis. Pedibus flavis,
femoribus nigris; alis subhyalinis. %.—Long. 8 mm,
Odynerus adiabatus Sauss. Vespides, I, 138, 26, % (1852).
Hab. North America. Carolina. (Type in the Paris Museum. )
isd. A. fastidiosusculus Savss.—Niger, clypei summi fascia arcuata
utrinque, macula frontali et post-oculari, scapo subtus, pronoti margine,
tegulis, fascia interrupta scutelli, fascia post-scutelli, raacula subalari
abdominisque fasciis 4, flavis ; fascia primi segmenti utrinque dilatata;
pedibus basi nigris; alis subhyalinis. Long.10mm. 9.
Odynerus fastidiosusculus Sauss. Et. Vespid., I, 137, 19, 9.
Hab. Brazil. (Type in Paris Museum.)
1G. A. Samta=-Ammee Savss.—Niger, densissime punctulatus, clypeo
grosse cribrato; pronoto subangulato; metanoti foveola acutissime
marginata, bidentata; abdomine subvelutino, ovato; puncto frontali et
post-oculari, litura angusta pronoti abdominisque vittis 3, flavis; alis
ferrugineis;—Q clypeo atro flavo bipunctato, antennis atris, macula
subalari et 2scutelli, flavis;—‘% clypeo, subbidentato, flavo, scapo flavo
lineato.
Odynerus Santa-Anna Sauss. Revue et Magas. de Zool., IX, 1857, 273.
Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
¢. Clypeus pyriform, truncate, or feebly subbidentate, very
coarsely punctured. Prothorax not retracted before; its angles
distinct. Mesothorax with a little smooth carina before; its
grooves moderately pronounced. Post-scutel truncate, offering
a fecble ridge at the. summit of its posterior face; this ridge
interrupted and finely crenulate. Plate of the metathorax
triangulate, very clearly bordered all around by very trenchant
straight ridges, which inclose the two pentagons in a very distinet
manner. ‘The lateral angles dentiform ; the superior ones acute.
Abdomen punctured, ovate; the first segment narrower than the
2d, punctured, having a very strong suture. Border of the 2d
and the following segments densely punctured, but neither rugose
nor channelled. That of the first offering a punctured line.
172 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
Head and thorax finely and very densely shagreened ; abdomen
punctured, a little velvety.
Insect black, covered with gray hair. Two lateral spots on
the summit of the clypeus; another between the antenne, a dot
behind each eye, a narrow border on the prothorax, a spot beneath
each wing, two on the posterior border of the scutellum, two dots
on the wing scales, and the border of segments, 1, 2, 3 of the
abdomen, sulphur-yellow; there is often a yellow dot at the base
of the scape of the antennz and upon the anterior tibia. The
yellow bands of the abdomen are regular; the first often slightly
enlarged at the two extremities, the two others at times retracted
in the middle, and complete beneath. Wings transparent, washed
with brown ferruginous. Wing scales black, spotted with yellow.
Var. Clypeus and antenne black.
%. Size same as the female. Clypeus yellow, armed with two
short teeth separated by a semicircular emargination; its inferior
margin finely bordered with black; mandibles and labrum black.
Scape of the antenne in general marked with a yellow line; hook
black. Wing scales, scutellum, and the flanks, in general, black,
without yellow spots; the fourth segment carrying a narrow yel-
low band interrupted above. Tibiz yellow before. Post-scutel
divided by a little medial groove. The superior angles of the
metathoracic plate pronounced.
Ress. a. diff—This species is peculiar in its wholly black
antennee and in a very marked tendency to lose its yellow orna-
ments. Its thorax is short and little arched. Its abdomen has
a velvety appearance. It has the form of the O. Caiskillensis, but
the first abdominal segment and the thorax are a little less wide ;
its size is a little greater. The % has the clypeus sensibly less
bidentate than the North American species of this group. It is
closely allied to the O. Bustamente. (See the description of this
species. )
Hab. The hot and temperate regions of Mexico. Cordova.
Jalapa, the Michoacan.
17. A. Bustamemnti Savss.— 0. Santa-Anne simillimus, niger; clypeo
integro maculis 4 flavis ; thorace latiore, pronoto latissimo, tenuiter flavo
marginato, metanoto angustiore, canthis inferis flavo-ornatis ; macula
subalari et scutelli fascia interrupta, flavis; abdomine velutino, basi
lato, segmentis 1-5 flavo-marginatis; tegulis flavo-bipunctatis. 9.
Odynerus Bustamente Savuss. Revue et Mag. de Zool., IX, 1857, 273, 9.
Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 9 mm.
ODYNERUS, 173
9. A species closely allied to the O. Santa-Annex, having
exactly the same appearance and the same sculpture; the abdo-
meu being also of a deep velvety black.
Clypeus wider than long, its anterior border truncate, straight,
or a little concave, not bidentate. Thorax very short, sensibly
wider than with the species cited; the prothorax less angulate,
but very wide, the disk of the mesothorax wider than loug; its
grooves indistinct; metathorax a little retracted, so that the thorax
increases in width from behind forward. ‘The posterior plate of
the metathorax a little striate, wider and less strongly bordered.
The yellow ornaments more abundant than in the preceding
species; clypeus carrying four yellow spots, or yellow with the
scutellum black on the summit; scape of the antennez adorned
with a yellow line; border of the prothorax very narrow. Thorax
with a spot beneath the wing, an interrupted band on the scutel-
Jum, and with two spots upon the inferior edges of the metathorax.
Segments of the abdomen all regularly bordered with sulphur-
yellow; the last ones very narrowly; the first ones very short,
as wide as the second. Feet black, tarsi and tibizw ferruginous.
The remainder as with the O. Santa-Anne.
Var. Two yellow dots on the scutellum.
%. Unknown.
This species very much resembles the O. Catskilli, but differs
from it by the very punctate border of the abdominal segments,
the first segment being also wider and shorter.
Hab. The cold regions of Mexico. I have taken this Odynerus
upon the Coffre de Perote.
18. A. Syiveiree Savss.
Odynerus Sylveire Sauss. Et. Vespides, III, 217, 110; pl. x, fig. 8, 9
(1854).
Hab. Brazil. Sylveird. (Type in the Paris Museum.)
b. Metathorax having two strong spines.
19. A. Clarazian us Savuss.—Niger, sericeus; capite rufo vel obseuro;
capite et thorace superne rugose punctatis ; pronoti angulis emarginatis,
lobatis; post-scutello valde cristato, emarginato; metathorace postice
excavato, canthis peracutis marginato, utrinque spina et infere dente
armato; antennis nigris; pronoti margine postico, macula subalari,
174 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
tegulis, fascia scutelli et post-scutelli, metanoti angulis adominisque
segmentorum 1-3 margine, pallide flavis; alis antice fusco-marginatis.
%. Clypeo bidentato luteo.
Anc. Clarazianus Sauss. Rev. de Zool., 1870, 55, 3, 9 %.
?. Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
%- Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
2. Body stubbed. Head rather large, the vertex transverse,
not convex; ocelli set in depressions. ‘Thorax slightly convex;
prothorax having each of its angles extended into a lamellar
rounded process, which is separated from the anterior margin by
a wide notch. Disk of mesothorax parted by a longitudinal
groove, and posteriorly bicarinate; the carine sinuous, terminating
at the angles of the scutel. Scutel parted by a groove and
separated from the mesothorax and post-scutel by deep furrows.
Post-scutel truncate, elevated into a high crest, rather concave
behind; the crest broadly emarginate, forming two nearly trian-
gular lamellar teeth. Metathorax much excavated, margined
with very sharp edges; the lateral angles produced iuto strong
spines, the upper arcuated edges very salient, rather crested; the
inferior edges forming on their lower part, each a triangular
tooth. Head and thorax above coarsely and roughly punctate ;
thorax on the sides and behind finely punctate and covered with.
silky, silvery pile. Abdomen short, finely punctured, silky, with
gray-golden reflections, the first segment nearly as wide as =
second, short, its suture transverse, very distinct.
Black. Antenne black, the 1st and 2d joints rufous beneath ;
head and mandibles rufous or orange-red, about the antenne and
a little on the vertex black. Anterior margin of the prothorax
very delicately rufous; posterior margin of prothorax, a spot
beneath the wing, a band on the scutel and one on the hinder
part of post-scutel, the angles of metathorax, and the inferior
edges, pale yellow; the crest of post-scutel also yellow, finely
margined with black on its hinder face. Tegule rufous, margined
with pale yellow; the process next to them yellow. The first
three abdominal segments adorned with a regular yellow margin;
the first narrow, fusing on each side into a little lateral spot; the
second widest, the third narrowest. Feet brown or passing into
ferruginous ; tibie, the 1st and 2d anteriorly, and the extremity
of 2d femora, marked with yellow. Wings hyaline; anterior
margin and radial cell brown.
ODYNERUS. 175
Var. The head more or less obscure, passing into black or
quite brick-red.
2. Clypeus pyriform, coarsely punctate, terminating with two
small brown approximating teeth.
*%. Head blackish or black; orbits rufous; inner margin of the
eyes, a frontal spot, and a line on the mandibles, pale yellow;
the scape at times with a yellow line; clypeus polygonal, strongly
bidentate, pale yellow. Anterior femora and tibie yellowish
before (Bahia Blanca).
* The male is described from a southern specimen, which may be
the reason of its black head. Specimens from Buenos Ayres may
have the head red like the females?
Ress. a. diff.—This is a quite distinct species in the form of
the thorax. It has also a different appearance from all other
Ancistrocerus.
Hab. The Argentine Republic, 5 9, 4 %. Buenos Ayres
(Meyer Diirr),1°,3%. Bahia Blanca (G. Claraz).
D. Form very stubbed. Thorax cubical, nearly as long as wide.
20. A. Diremimaculatus Savss.—Crassus et brevis; tenuiter
punctatus; clypeo flavo, 9 truncato, % bidentato; thorace brevi,
quadrato; metanoti foveola acutissime marginata, utrinque et superne
angulos dentiformes efficiente; macula frontali et post-oculari, fascia in
scapo antennarum, pronoti limbo late, tegulis, seutello, post-scutello
macula subalari et utrinque metathoracis pedibusque, flavis; abdomine
lato, conico, segmentorum margine punctato, late flavo-limbato, secundo
sepius utrinque macula flava; primi fascia utringue antrorsum dilatata.
Odynerus birenimaculatus Sauss. Vespides, I, 135, 16, 9, var.
Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
2. Large and very stubbed. Form very short and very wide.
Clypeus wider than long, truncate, finely punctured. Thorax
stout, very wide, cubical, a little longer than wide. Prothorax
not angular; mesothorax marked posteriorly with two profound
grooves. Post-scutel short, truncate, having a sort of ridge,
blunted in the middle. Metathorax very wide; its posterior
plate wide, quite flat, finely shagreened, very angulate, and
bordered all around by some very trenchant ridges, which form
on each side a spiniform angle and on the summit two sharp
teeth. Head and thorax very densely and jinely punctured.
176 HYMENOPTERA UF AMERICA. [PART I.
Abdomen wide and conical; the first segment short, as wide as
the 2d, elevated at the suture; its superior surface often longi-
tudinally striate along the suture; the border of the segment
distinctly punctured ; that of the 2d insensibly reflexed.
Insect black, strongly mingled with yellow. Mandibles brown
at the extremity. Clypeus yellow, at times adorned with a little
brown dot. Antenne black, with the scape yellow before and the
flagellum ferruginous beneath at its base. A spot on the front,
one behind each eye, a wide border on the prothorax, a spot
below ‘the wing, wing scale, scutel, post-scutel, two arcuate spots
occupying the angles of the metathorax, and a wide border on
every segment of the abdomen, yellow; these borders regular;
that of the Ist segment joined to two oblique lateral spots; the
2d ornamented on each side by an oblique spot, sometimes
separated, sometimes confounded with the border. Anus yellow.
Feet yellow, thighs obscure at their base; cox spotted with
yellow. Wings transparent, a little smoky along the side and
toward the end, with a light violet reflection.
Var. a. Seutellum having but one yellow interrupted band.
b. No yellow lateral spots on the 2d segment.
c. The border of the 2d segment festooned in consequence of
the fusion with the lateral spots.
d. The yellow ornaments passing into orange.
*%. Same size as the 9. Extremity of the antenne and their
hook ferruginous; clypeus bidentate. Mandibles yellow. Scu-
tellum divided by a groove. Yellow ornaments narrower, often
interrupted on the scutel; lateral spots of the first two segments
small. Anus only spotted with yellow. (The border of the first
segments in general regular, only confounded on each side with a
yellow dot.)
Var. Size small, length 11 mm.; wing 8 mm.
Ress. a. diff.—This beautiful species is very distinct in its very
stubbed form, in its size, in its cubieal and jinely punctured
thorax, not cribrose with holes, in the exceptional width of its
yellow markings. It can, however, be confounded with the Ody-
nerus Catskillensis, from which it may be distinguished by the
yellow clypeus of the female, by the much richer ornamentation,
by the notably more stubbed form, and by the two oblique yellow
spots of the first segment which mingle themselves with the border;
by the elevated and truncate post-scutel and by its superior size,
ODYNERUS. LT
The O. birenimaculatus differs from the O. Spinolz by its
very much more densely punctured and not smooth body, by its
transparent wings, by the margin of the 2d segment which is
densely punctured, by the first segment which ts wider, by its -
stubbed form, etc.; from the O. campestris and unifasciatus by
the very much more densely and less coarsely punctured thorax,
by the form. of the metathorax, by the less coarsely punctured
margin of the 2d segment, etc.
Finally, the O. birenimaculatus offers a great resemblance also
to the 0. renimacula of Kurope, although its form is very much
more stubbed than that of this last species.
Hab. New England. New York. 24 9, 3 %.
II. The concavity of the metathorax forms no distinct lateral
angles.
Here the posterior plate is often rugose. It is at times still
bordered at the summit by some ridges or one double arch;
sometimes it is not limited, especially not on the sides, where it is
effaced and lost in the sides of the metathorax. The concavity
is often formed by the meeting of two convex facettes.
A. Posterior face of metathorax remaining margined, but with-
out distinct angles. Body slender, elongate.
a. Post-scutel strongly truncate.
2. A. comspicuus Savss.—Gracilis, niger, ubique punctatus; capite
et thorace crassissime et rugose punctatis ; prothorace antice cristato,
angulato, post-scutello valde truncato, facie postica polita ; metathorace
utrinque haud angulato, foveola levi, tenuiter marginata, abdomine
dense punctato; primo segmento minuto, acute suturato; antennarum
scapo subtus, puncto frontali et subalari, pronoti abdominisque segmen-
torum 1, 2 limbo postico, fascia interrupta scutelli, fascia post-scutelli,
lineaque femorum intermediorum, luteis. ©.
Ancistrocerus conspicuus Sauss. Rev. et Mag de Zool., IX, 1857, 247.
Total length, 9.5 mm.; wing, 7 mm.
®. As slender as a Stenancistrocerus. Head and thorax very
roughly punctured. Clypeus very coarsely punctured, finely bi-
carinate at tip and minutely bidentate. Head margined poste-
-riorly. Vertex having a tubercle garnished with an erect brush
of hair. Thorax scarcely contracted posteriorly, very square
12
178 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 1.
anteriorly; the prothorax with a crested margin, its angles
dentiform, acute. Post-scutel very short, strongly truncate; its
posterior face flat, polished; its superior face rough, transverse ;
its posterior ridge very finely crenulate, the middle with a very
small compressed tubercle. Metathorax coarsely cribrose, silky-
grayish, its hinder face widely excavated, as polished as the
posterior face of post-scutel, somewhat punctate, finely margined;
the margins forming behind the post-scutel two quite small erect
teeth (not easy to distinguish); no distinct lateral angles.
Abdomen slender, slightly depressed; the first segment small,
shortly and quite sharply truncate anteriorly; the suture elevated ;
its superior face short, rather strongly punctured; 2d segment
not quite so strongly punctured, its hinder margin with a line of
punctures, the following segments densely punctured.
Black; grayish-silky. Mandibles partly fulvous; antenne
ferruginous beneath, scape yellow beneath. Two dots on the
summit of clypeus, a frontal spot, and post-ocular line, pale yel-
low. Hinder margin of prothorax with a narrow luteous band;
its angles, appendix of wing scale, a spot under the wing, an
interrupted fascia on scutel, a transverse line on the hinder face
of post-seutel, and two large macule on the hind face of meta-
thorax, pale yellow. The first two abdominal segments narrowly
margined with luteous. Intermediate femora with a luteous line.
Anterior tibiz and tarsi brown or ferruginous. Wings hyaline,
smoky, nerves and anterior margin of the apex fuscous; the 2d
recurrent nerve falling nearly upon the 2d transverse cubital vein.
Var. Anterior margin of prothorax also margined with luteous.
Ress. a. diff—This is quite a distinct species and a peculiar
type, making a sort of transition to Stenodynerus by its slender
form, and its punctate abdomen, having the Ist segment more
punctured than the second. The form of the scutel, post-scutel,
and metathorax is quite unusual, and the very coarsely punctured
thorax makes it at once distinguishable.
Its livery much resembles that of the A. Fariasi, but it differs
from this in all its form and its punctures; in the first segment’.
being very short and truncate, its superior face quite transverse ;
the scutel trancate, not triangular; the punctures of thorax and .
head being much coarser, etc. It has also a resemblance to O.
(Stenodynerus) totonacus.
|
ODYNERUS, 179
Hab. The temperate parts of Mexico. I caught a ? near
Cordova.
b.. Post-scutel not truncate, angulate posteriorly.
This type has the post-scutel formed much as in Stenancistro-
cerus, but the form of the abdomen remains as in the division
Ancistrocerus, and the appearance remains also as in this group,
so that we have to leave it in the division Ancistrocerus, prop.
dict. .
22. A. cimgulatus Savuss.—Gracilis, niger, nitidus, sulfureo-pictus,
pronoti angulis in processus 2 productis, antennis subtus et basi flavis;
' abdominis segmentis 1, 2 late flavo-marginatis; primo antice truncato,
sutura prominula, fascia flava utrinque aucta marginato.—? %. Cly-
peo truncato, flavo.
Odynerus cingulatus Cresson, Hymen. of Cuba, Ent. Proc., Phila., II,
1865, 162, ?.
*. Total length, 9 mm.; wing,.7.5 mm.
more Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 9 mm.
Rather small. Form slender, elongate. Head and thorax
punctured. Angles of prothorax strongly produced into blunt
processes. Scutel and post-scutel flattened, the former parted
by adeep groove. Metathorax rounded, rather roughly punctate;
its concavity strigose; bordered by a rather distinct salient line,
but its angles obsolete and destitute of teeth. Abdomen delicately
punctured, most distinctly on the first segment and the border
of the others; 2d segment somewhat swelled above; the first
segment narrower than the second; its suture elevated.
Shining black. Antenne black, with their first two joints and
the under side yellow. A triangle on the forehead, a line behind
the eye, a broad fascia on the edge of prothorax, a spot under
the wing, the scutel, and post-scutel, yellow. The first two
abdominal segments with a broad yellow margin; the fascia of
the first widened on each side. Feet yellow; coxe and hinder
femora except at tip, black, intermediate cox yellow anteriorly.
Wings clouded, principally at the end; the anterior margin as
far as the stigma ferruginous.
2%. Clypeus polygonal, longer than wide, yellow; its inferior
border narrowly truncate, tenuously margined with black. Man-
dibles dentate; ferruginous, or yellowish, black at base and tip.
180 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
Hab. Cuba. Sent to me by Dr. Gundlach.
This species is very distinct, but by its appearance might be
confounded with O. Havanensis, which has quite a differently -
formed abdomen, having the angles acute, but not so much pro-
duced, and the clypeus notched.
‘ Its slender form makes it resemble O. tigris, although it is
very different in the produced angles of prothorax and rounded
metathorax.
B. Metathorax not distinctly marginate. Body not slender, of
normal form.
a. Abdomen nearly conical. The border of the 2d segment not reflexed. .
Body velutinous.
23. A. Parredesi Savss.—Niger, velutino-hirsutus, argenteo-sericeus ;
antennis subtus ferrugineis ; puncto frontali, pronoti medio et tegulis
in margine, ferrugineis; abdominis segmentis 2-5 flavo-marginatis ;
secundo in margine valde punctato; alis ferrugineis, apice griseo-nebu-
losis. —Q. Clypeo infere ferrugineo-maculato.
Odynerus Parredes Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool., IX, 1857, 273.
Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 10.5 mm.
Appearance of the O. nasidens. Clypeus convex, quite finely
punctured ; its inferior border truncate, short, and bordered with
a salient rim. Prothorax angulate: its angles almost dentiform.
Metathorax having its posterior plate punctate and striate,
bordered by slightly salient ridges; its superior ridges arcuate
in the form of the end of an arch, not forming any superior angle,
and on each side only a blunt, indistinct angle. Post-seutel
blunted, punctate. Abdomen conical; . the first segment wide,
anteriorly truncate; its suture distinct. .
Insect black, finely punctured, rather more strongly on the
metathorax; all the body covered with a thick velvety pile,
silvery and a little golden; the abdomen shining velutinous, with
silky and golden reflections, the 2d segment quite strongly pune-
tured along its border, but not channelled. The antenne ferru-
ginous beneath, as also a spot toward the base of the clypeus. A
dot between the antenne, a line in the middle of the prothorax,
and the border of the wing scale fawn-colored or ferruginous.
Segments of the abdomen, all except the first, adorned with a
ODYNERUS. 181
regular yellow border. Legs black, varied often with ferruginons.
Wings ferruginous with the end gray.
Var. The yellow passing into ferruginous and the ferruginous
into yellow.
ess. a. diff.—This species wonderfully resembles those which
form the group of the O. nasidens, but it is sufficiently distinct
from it in the presence of the suture of the first segment of the
abdomen. It is also more slender.
Hab. The temperate climes of Mexico. Valley of the Mex-
tillan. 4 9: 3
b. Abdomen more ovalo-conical ; the border of the 2d segment rugose or
reflexed.
(Section I, b, Saussure Vespides, I, 139.)
Group of the Odynerus unifasciatus.
24. A. wumifasciatus Savss.—Gracilis, niger, cribri instar punctatus;
abdominis secundi segmenti margine canaliculato, subreflexo, perru-
goso; antennissubtus ferruvineis ; puncto frontali et post-oculari, macula
biloba pronoti, post-scutello et abdominis primi segmenti margine, flavis.
—?. Clypeo flavo-bipunététo.— % . Clypeo, mandibulis et abd. secundi
segmenti, limbo, flavis.
Variat. 9 secundo % tertio et quarto abd. segmento flavo-limbato.
Odynerus uncinatus! Say, Boston Journ., I, 1837, 286, 4. Say’s Entom.
(LE Corte), II, 766, 4.
Odynerus unifasciatus Sauss. Vespides, I, 138, 21; III, 205.
©. Total length, 14-15 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
*%,. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8. ~
?. Form slender. Head and thorax cribrose with great
separated punctures. Clypeus convex, strongly punctured, widely
pyriform, terminated by two very small, near together and diverg-
ing teeth. Head strongly and densely punctured. Thorax quite
lengthened, a little retracted posteriorly, éverywhere strongly
eribrose with foraminiform punctures. Prothorax finely bordered,
without angles. Mesothorax presenting two grooves on its hinder
part. Metathorax very rugose above, reticulately shagreened,
corrugated; its concavity quite flat, indistinctly striate and
Peaiate, without spines on the sides, superiorly bordered by an
tit. is Evidently not the 0. untfasctatus Which Fabricius described
under the name of Vespa uncinata, which is rather the JJonobia 4-dens,
because he says that all its markings are snowy-white, and that the size
is that of the Vespa maculata.
182 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
arcuate trenchant ridge. Abdomen slender; first segment a little
narrower than the 2d, distinctly truncate anteriorly, subpedicu-
late at the base, with the anterior face smooth; the superior face
slightly widened behind, bounded before by a strong sutural ~
ridge, very distinct. The abdomen very finely punctured, but
the 3d and following segments rather strongly so, and especially
the border of the 2d segment offering a wide zone, very strongly
eribrose, rugose, subchannelled, with subturned up border. Near
the margin of the Ist segment one sees also a line of punctures.
Insect black, clothed with gray-ferruginous hair. Two lateral
dots on the clypeus, one behind each eye, a mark on the front,
yellow or ferruginous; a bilobate spot in the middle of the pro-
thorax and post-scutel, wholly or partly yellow. Wing scales
brown. Abdomen wholly black; only the first segment adorned
with a yellow border, suddenly widened on the sides (or joined
with two lateral spots). Tibi and tarsi ferruginous or yellow;
antenne ferruginous beneath, black above, with the scape at times
wholly ferruginous at the base. Wings of a transparent brown,
with violet reflections, particularly obscure along the nervures.
Var. A spot beneath the wings and a border on the 2d abdo-
minal segment, yellow.
%. Smaller. Antenne very large, terminated by a little
hook; clypeus yellow, with a triangular notch; labrum and man-
dibles before, yellow; post-scutel yellow, or only bipunctate with
yellow; the 2d abdominal segment a little compressed at the
base, bordered with yellow; its margin a little sinuate, concave
arcuate in the middle above, more or less rétroussé, compressed ;
the 3d and 4th segments often adorned with a fine yellow edging.
The border of the Ist segment often presents a little of red; some-
times a little widened on the sides. With this species the orna-
ments are yellow-golden or sub-orange.
Var. a. A yellow dot under the wing. Border of the prothorax
entire, bilobate. j
b. %. Post-scutel black. On the abdomen only two narrow
borders. (Illinois.) :
c. %. Head and thorax entirely black; mandib.es margined
with yellow; Ist abd. segment narrowly, 2d very narrowly bor-
dered with yellow. (Florida.) ,
Ress. a. diff.—This Odynerus is quite easy to recognize by the
very rugose and channelled border of the 2d segment; by the
ODYNERUS. 183
unique bordering of the first segment, although certain females
possess a second band like the males; by its obscure face; by its
slender form, by its abdomen which is not briefly sessile, and the
thickness of the border of the first segment of the abdomen, which
causes the 2d segment to appear so subcompressed at its base.
See the O. campestris, to which it is closely allied.
Hab. The United States. Connecticut. Illinois. Iowa.
Prairies (Rio Pecos). Tennessee. North Carolina. 10 9; 12%.
Observation.—Among the dried specimens one generally finds
the abdomen extremely swelled, as if the segments had been
violently distended. ‘This peculiarity belongs especially to this
Species and gives it an unusual appearance.
25. A. campestris Sauss.—Niger, grosse punctatus; metanoti foveola
haud acute marginata, inermi, striata et grosse punctata; abdominis
segmentorum 2i-5i margine rugose punctato; antennis subtus fulvis,
-scapo flavo-lineato; clypeo Q fiave, macula atra, % emarginato, flavo;
puncto frontali et post-oculari, pronoti et abd. segmentorum 1i—34 limbo
(primi utringue aucto), post-scutello, maculis 2 seutelli maculaque sub-
alari, tibiis et tarsis, flavis; alis fusco-nebulosis.
Odynerus campestris Sauss. Vespides, I, 137, 18; III, 204, %.
Q. Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
?. Head and thorax cribrose with great pits, quite visible to
the naked eye. Clypeus pyriform, as wide as long, cribrose with
great punctures; its anterior border small, bordered, subconcave,
upon the vertex often a little fossette. Prothorax unarmed, finely
bordered. Mesothorax marked with two grooves; scutel flat;
post-scutel short, sloping. Metathorax rounded, rugose; its eon-
cavity pronounced, but not limited; divided by a vertical carina
which bifurcates at the summit to form two ares which indistinetly
border the cavity at the summit; the middle and the bottom of
the coneavity wrinkled; the summit coarsely punctured. Abdo-
men ovalo-conic, punctured; the first segment large, almost as
wide as the 2d; borders of the segments 2—5 presenting a wide
coarsely punctured zone, rugose, but not turned up; the border
of 2d segment sinuous, forming & concave are.
Insect black, clothed with a grayish pile. Antenne ferrugi-
nous beneath. Clypeus yellow, with a triangular black spot.
A line on the scape of the antenne, a spot on the front, one
behind each eye, border of the prothorax, a spot beneath the
wing, wing scales, two dots on the scutel, post-scutel, and a
184 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.
border upon segments 2-5 of the abdomen, knees, tibiz, and
tarsi yellow; the first segment of the abdomen having its border
widened upon the sides, or rather, confounded with two lateral
spots; border of the 8d much narrowed. Wings transparent,
but washed with brown-violet especially along the borders.
Var. Clypeus black with four yellow spots, segments 4 and 5
of the abdomen with no yellow border.
%. Clypeus emarginate, yellow; mandibles yellow.
I possess a male very closely allied to A. unifasciatus %,
having also the margins of the 2d and 3d segments sinuous and
coarsely punctured. But it differs from this species in the smaller
hook of the antenne, in the metathorax, wholly rugose; even on
its concavity, which is less defined and not striate; in the first
abdominal segment, which is parted by a quite strong longitudinal
groove, and in the 2d segment more compressed at its base. It
has the same markings, unless the prothorax has a little less of
yellow in the middle. As this $ has the metathorax rounded and
the wings slightly washed with brown, it seems that it cannot
but belong to the O. campestris, unless it represents a species
which may have escaped us.
It differs sometimes from the O. campestris in its scutellum
deprived of spots and in the groove of the first segment which
approaches to it, as well as the smallness of the antennary hook
of the Symmorphus.
Ress. a. diff.—This species has the appearance of the O.
parietum. It can be confounded not only with the Ancistrocerus
of this group, but with different Odyneri, properly speaking.
It differs from the O. unifasciatus in its more stubbed form, its
less violet wings, the less upturned border of the 2d abdominal
segment, and in its livery, more rich in yellow (spot beneath the
wing, spots on the scutellum, ete.); from the O. capra in its
metathoracie excavation without border, in its smaller size, its
more obscure wings, and the strong rugosities of the border of
the 2d and 3d segment, etc.; from the O. Spinole, in the same
characters, except that the wings of this last species are darker.
Hab. The United States. Pennsylvania. Illinois. Carolina.
Connecticut (7 2).
26. A. tuberculiceps Savcss.—Niger, grosse punctatus, piloso-velu-
tinus ; mandibulis, clypeo, oculorum marginibus, pedibus, pronoto,
tegulis, seutellis, maculis subalaribus et metanoti, rufis ; antennis rufis,
superne apicem versus nigris; abdomine rufo, segmentis flavo margi-
ODYNERUS. 185
natis, 19 et 20 basi nigrescentibus ; secundi margine perrugoso, maxime
canaliculato, et reflexo; alis ferrugineis apice inquinatis.—%. Clypeo
flavo, bidentato; vertice tuberculo nitido instructo.
Odynerus tuberculocephalus! Sauss. Vespides, I, 139, 22; pl. xvi, fig. 9,
10a.
Odynerus tuberculiceps, Ibid. III, 205.
?. Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
*,. Total length, 9 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
Clypeus pyriform, strongly punctured, truncate, and subbiden-
tate at the extremity. Head strongly and densely punctured.
Behind the ocelli is a little, indistinct tubercle, shaped like a 4th
ocellus. Anterior ocellus very large. Thorax cribrose with large
distinct points. Angles of the prothorax a little prolonged, sub-
dentiform; scutellum divided by a groove. Concavity of the
metathorax appearing punctured or rugosely striate, according
to the way in which it is seen, with the borders perfectly rounded;
there is only a little border at the summit in a feeble arch.
Abdomen punctured; the Ist segment narrower. than the 2d,
bordered by a slightly salient cordon; the 2d having its margin
very strongly annulate, very strongly upturned, and very rugose,
a little sinuate in the middle.
Insect clothed with long gray or ferruginous hair, abdomen
velvety. Head and thorax black. Mandibles, clypeus, a dot
upon the front, border of the eyes, interrupted at the summit,
prothorax, scutel, wing scales, two spots beneath the wings and
two others on the metathorax, of a ferruginous red. Mesothorax
with two red lines. Abdomen ferruginous, with the base of the
second segment and the anterior face of the first, blackish.
Posterior border of all the segments margined with yellow, but
this color often passing into ferruginous on the last segments.
Legs ferruginous; femora black or spotted with ferruginous.
Antenne red, with the second moiety black above. Wings
washed with ferruginous, with the end brownish.
%. Notably smaller. Clypeus bidentate, notched, yellow, as
well as the mandibles and a line on the scape of the antenne ;
the flagellum with more of black; hook very small, ferruginous.
Tubercle on the vertex very much larger than that of the female,
distinct and shining. Concavity of the metathorax punctured,
with little or no superior border. Abdomen a little more com-
1 Nomen mendvosum,
186 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. | [part i.
pressed at the base of the second segment, the middle of segments
Ist, 2d generally black, the red less developed. Legs often varied
with yellow.
Var. The middle of the prothorax a little yellow. The black
encroaching upon the red. The scutels often black, bordered
with zed; the metathorax also often wholly black; the sculpture
of this last appears also to vary somewhat; at times the red is
more developed. Metathorax red; flanks varied with red.
Ress. a. diff.—V arious Odynerus, properly speaking, are often
identical in color with this. Such are the O. Moreliz and Guer-
reri, but they may be sufficiently distinguished from it by the
absence of the tubercle on the vertex and of the suture upon the
lst segment.
The O. tuberculiceps hardly differs from the O. Sutterianus,
but by a less brilliant livery and by its prothorax slightly retracted
and angles less salient.
Hab. The temperate regions and the plateau of Mexico. I
have found this Odynerus common in the. most various localities.
In the eastern Cordillera; in the valleys of Orizaba and of Jalapa,
of Uvero; in the Sierra Madre; in the valley of Mextillan; in
Huasteca on the Pacific slope, and in the province of Mechoacan,
about Morelia, Tuxpan, Zinapecuaro, Patzcuaro, and finally on
the plateau in the valley of Mexico. 169,18 %.
23. A. Sutterianus n. sp.—Niger, O. tuberculicipiti simillimus; ver-
tice tuberculato, pronoto valde biangulato; abdominis secundi segmenti
margine canaliculato, rngoso, reflexo; antennis aurantiis, apice supra
nigris; ore, clypeo, fascia post-oculari, frontis macula et lineolis 4,
pronoto antice; tegulis, macula subalari, post-scutello, maculis 2 seu-
telli, tibiis tarsisque, sulfureis; abdomine sulfureo, segmentis 19, 29,
basi nigris; alis ferrugineis, apice griseis.
Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
9. Form and punctures exactly like those of the O. tubercu-
liceps ; ciypeus pyriform, finely bidentate. The same tubercle
on the vertex, appearing like a fourth ocellus, but the prothorax
not retracted before, more square; the angles alone very salient,
diverging and prolonged, perhaps bluntly terminated, not forming
a sharp spine; the abdomen a little more slender; the margin
of the 2d segment a little less strongly upturned; the border of
i Seadillipee Ss ratings
—
ODYNERUS. 187
the first segment preceded by a little stronger zone of punctures
and its suture a little more salient. Border of segments 2-4
sinuate in the middle.
Insect black, clothed with yellowish hair. Mandibles and
elypeus yellow; this last very finely bordered with black and
often offering on the summit a vertical black line. A line behind
the eyes, a spot on the front, and a little vertical line on their inner
border beneath the ocular sinus; these are black. Anterior
border of the prothorax widely yellow; the yellow often
encroaching upon the surface and extending along its hinder
borders. Tegule, a spot beneath the wing, post-scutel, two
spots on the scutel, yellow. Abdomen wholly yehow; the arte-
rior face of the first segment black, as well as « depression at the
base of the second and often a widened mark behind, on the first,
Legs yellow, coxe and femora black. Antenne orange; the
scape before yellow and the last third black, or obscure above.
Wings ferruginous, with the end gray. The markings are of a
sulphur-yellow.
Var. Scape of the antenne yellow with a black line above.
%. Smaller. Clypeus yellow, bidentate. Antenne large,
terminated by a small hook. Angles of prothorax very salient ;
border of 2d segment very rugose, more strongly reflexed; Ist
and 2d segment with a great black square notch (variable), the
following segments black, bordered with yellow. Anus black.
Ress. a. diff.—This Odynerus may be almost considered as a
California variety of the O. tuberculiceps, in which the red
markings have passed into yellow, all becoming reduced; the
metathorax being black, ete. This insect presents, like the O.
sulfureus and like the Californian Polistes, a striking example of
the local influence of California which tends to give to insects a
uniform sulphur-yellow color by the augmentation in extent of
the yellow ornaments and the reduction of the deeper color.
Hab. California. I owe twenty individuals to the kindness of
Mr. Sutter and of Mr. Berton.
* 28. A. pilosus Savuss.—Niger, longe nigro-pilosus, hirsutus ; pronoto
angulato, metanoto utrinque tenuissime bidentato; primi abdominis
segmenti sutura in facie antica sita; 2'segmenti margine valde punctato ;
puncto frontali, pronoti margine, fascia interrupta in scutello et in post-
188 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
scutello, tegulis, abdominisque segmentorum 1’, 2! margine, albidis; alis
vix infumatis.—%. Clypeo albido truncato.
Odynerus pilosus Sauss. Et. Vespides, III, 218, 111 (1854).
Hab. Peru. (Type in the museum of Paris.)
c. Abdomen not as sessile; its first segment narrowed, distinctly narrower than
the second, which is in the shape of a hawk’s bell, with a reflexed margin.
Metathorax not excavated in the form of a wide cavity, but of a wide
channel.
29. A. Aristae Savss.—Medius, niger, argenteo-sericeus; puncto frontali
et post-oculari flavo; thorace punctato; pronoto valde biangulato, in
medio flavo-notato; metanoto convexo, in medio canaliculato-diviso ;
abdomine haud sessili, primo segmento late infundibuliformi sutura
angulata, secundo ventricoso, margine maxime canaliculato, rngoso et
reflexo; segmentis omnibus flavo-marginatis; alis ferrugineis.—%.
Clypeo flavo, bidentato; antennis subtus ferrugineis, scapo flavo-fasciato.
Odynerus Ariste Sauss. Revue Zool., IX, 1857, 274.
*%,. Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 10 mm..
Size moderate. Form wide, stubbed. Prothorax armed on
each side with a strong tooth, its anterior border wide and turned
up. Post-scutel blunt. Metathorax forming two convexities,
_ swelled, separated by a profound striate furrow, which is divided
by a vertical carina; the convexities bordered exteriorly by the
lateral edge of the metathorax which is prolonged as far as its
inferior extremity. Abdomen quite misshaped; the first segment
widely bell-shaped, the suture very distinct, not being straight,
but forming in the middle an angle directed backward; its
superior face short and wide, the posterior border formed by a
cordon, along which is a line of punctures. Second segment
widened and a little retracted posteriorly in the form of a hawk’s
bell; its posterior border very strongly canaliculate, very strongly
upturned, undulating in the middle. Head densely, thorax more
strongly but less densely punctured. First segment of the
abdomen slightly punctured near its border; the second segment
very much so toward its hinder part, and cribrose with rugose
punctures in its strong flutings; the following segments having
the borders punctured, especially in the middle.
Insect black; all its body covered with a beautiful silvery
velvet pile, above all on the abdomen which has beautiful reflec-
ODYNERUS. 189
tions. A spot on the front, one behind the eye, a little line in
the middle of the prothorax, yellow. Tegule black, bordered
with brown. All the segments of the abdomen regularly margined
with yellow; the first carrying but one narrow yellow band; the
second widely bordered. Legs black, knees, tibie, and tarsi
varied with ferruginous. Wings washed with yellowish, with the
end grayish.
%. Clypeus yellow, wider than long, notched in a half circle
and strongly bidentate; its teeth quite removed. Labrum and
mandibles yellow. Antenne black, terminated by a little hook,
ferruginous beneath, with a yellow line on the scape.
Ress. a. diff.—A species very distinct by its form, by the
angular suture of the first segment and by the very deep flutings
of the second; by its slightly sessile abdomen and its watery
reflections. By its velvety reflections, this species recalls the O.
Parredesi, but its forms are entirely different.
Hab. The temperate regions of Mexico. I took two males
about Yautepec in the south of the province of Mexico.
Division STENANCISTROCERUS.
SAUSSURE Vespides, I, Sect. 1, c, p. 140; III, Sec. 2, p. 129.
Form lengthened; body slender and cylindrical, rather than
depressed. Prothorax little retracted or none, angulate ;
abdomen cylindrical or campanulate, often little sessile.
First segment bell-shaped, rounded before, or cupuliform,
or inthe form of a truncate or subpediculate bell; ‘often
lengthened, its two faces frequently not being distinctly
separated, but passing from one to the other convealy ; the
suture variable, often irregular, etthér a little salient or
followed by a transverse fluting, often placed on the anterior
face. The whole insect strongly punciured; the abdomen
in most cases coarsely punctured.
The insects of this division are remarkable by their elonga-
tion, and by their cylindrical or compressed form. The elypeus
is generally narrower than in the Ancistrocerus, properly
speaking. The thorax is arched above, cribrose with great pune-
tures, and the grooves of the mesothorax, in general, wholly
wanting. The tegule are large and closely fitted, containing the
arch of the back, and behind these one sees an apophyse or
190 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART L
appendix, and on each side of the scutel is a distinct depression.
While in the true Ancistrocerus the post-scutel is nearly always
truncate posteriorly, having a posterior face (with rare execep-
tions),’ in Stenodynerus it is not truncate but angulate posteriorly ;
the metathorax being produced a little beyond the post-scutel and
not so sharply truncate posteriorly, from which circumstance the
posterior angle of the post-scutel is not cut off. The posterior
plate of the metathorax never offers a basin regularly bordered
as in the true Ancistrocerus, and with spiniform angles. The
abdomen is in general strongly punctured;? the first segment
being also as much or more strongly punctured than those follow-
ing. This segment is sometimes convex, rounded, at times divided
into two distinct faces by the suture as with the true Odynerus;
but the superior face is often narrow and lengthened, not short
and wide as in the true Ancistrocerus.
The suture is often placed at once on the declivity of the ante-
rior face of the first segment. It is subject to become indistinct,
so that one does not know whether to consider it as a suture or
a simple line of rugosities. Among certain species one perceives
a double rugose line and between the two lines a sort-of fluting,
so that the segment appears to have two sutural lines.
The Sienancistrocerus have an appearance, which, when it is
known, permits one to distinguish them quite easily from the true
Ancistrocerus, the form being wider and more flattened. But
they resemble in so striking a manner certain Stenodynerus, that
one can confound them with these last, and there are very many
species of each group with forms so correspondent, that without
the presence or the absence of the suture at the base of the
abdomen, one would confound them specifically. (See the Ody-
nerus of the Division Stenodynerus.)
In fine, I will indicate as an empirical guide, what may serve
to distinguish the Ancistrocerus, properly called, from the
Stenancistrocerus; in the first the band on the 1st abdominal
segment is in general either regular or widened on the sides,
while in the second it is either regular or retracted on the sides.
1 Ancistrocerus cingulatus Cress.
® The species of South America, particularly those of Chili, often have
the abdowen feebly punctured.
ODYNERUS. 191
Table to assist in the determination of the species of Division
STENANCISTROCERUS.!
1. Wings fuscous.
2. Body black, ornaments luteous or yellow.
3. No separate spots on the second segment. 30. { Axtecus.
31. | quadrisectus.
3,3. Two separate spots on the second segment. 39. dejectus.
2, 2. Body black and rufous. 36. histrio.
1,1. Wings smoky or subhyaline.
2. The first abdominal segment rufous. 36. histrio. p14
9.A-f. Insect black and yellow (the fascia sometimes rufous).
4. Second abdominal segment with a yellow spot on each side.
5. Segments Ist and 2d only, margined with yellow.
6. Scutel yellow; first abdominal segment without separate
yellow spots, narrow. 33. obliquus.
6,6. Scutel black; segments 1 and Z with yellow spots, about
i 38. { secularis.p-2°%
cana ‘an 39. dejectus.
5,5. More than two segments margined with yellow.
Segments 1, 2,4, margined with yellow. 42. occidentalis.
Segments 1, 2,5, margined with yellow. 39. dejectus.
Segments 1-5 margined with yellow. 43. Paraensis.
4,4. Second abdominal segment without yellow spots.
5. First abdominal segment with a lateral spot on fascia ante-
37. ation p20!
40. ‘ Bravo. Us
5,5. First abdominal segment without lateral separate spot.
6. Only the first two abdominal segments margined with
yellow or luteous.
7. Anterior margin only of prothorax adorned with yellow.
Species of South America. 34. incommodus.
Species of Mexico. 40. Bravo.
{ ambiyuus.®
riorly.
Species of Chili.
f 35. \ scabriusculus.
7,7. Posterior margin of prothorax adorned with yellow.
32. Fariast.
6, 6. More than two yellow fascia.
7. Anterior margin of prothorax yellow. 41. Guzmani.
7. Posterior margin of prothorax yellow, or prothorax quite
black. 44. Sumichrasti.
7,
ene Sak Pe OA Le eee
' Compare also the tables of Division Ancistrocerus, prop. dict. (page
158), and of Division Stenodynerus.
® Vide supra, Division Ancistrocerus, prop. dict. p. 159, 9, et 162, 9.
192 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
1. Form lengthened. Metathorar prolonged horizontally behind
the post-scutel, then truncate vertically; offering above, in
the rear of the post-scutel, a sort of cavity limited poste-
riorly by a vertical plate divided by a fissure. First abdo-
minal segment entirely sessile, wide, distinctly truncate
anteriorly, so as to form a sharp transverse ridge, its
suiure indistinct, especially in the middle. Vertex of the
Semales offering two little mamme filled with hair. Males
‘nearly as large as the females.*
(Group of the O. guadrisectus.)
(Sauss. Vespides, I, p. 145, Sect. 24.—Division Pseudodynerus.
J Ibid. III, 220.) ;
30. A. Aztecus Sacss.—Gracilis, niger, nitidus, grosse foraminato-
punctatus; vertice arcubus duobus penicillatis instructo; metanoto
pone post-scutellum producto, postice foveolato, superne cristulam per
fissuram divisam ferente; abdomine dense punctato; antennis subtus
ferrugineis, scapo flavo-lineato; mandibulis, tibiis anticis, puncto fron-
tali; clypeo 9 lineolis 4, 4 omnino, pronoti et abd. segmentorum 1, 2
margine, post-scutello, macula subalari, metanoti punctis 6, et primi
segmenti puncto utringue, luteis; alis infuscatis violaceis.
Odynerus Aztecus Sauss. Revue de Zool., 1857, 275.
Total length, 15 mm.; wing, 15 mm.
9. A species closely allied to the O. 4-sectus, having the same
form, but smaller. Clypeus pyriform, very coarsely punctured,
with a depressed point, and carrying toward the apex a vertical
groove. Head and thorax polished, cribrose with great holes.
On the vertex, behind the ocelli, one sees two tubercles of brown
hair; or a double bush of hair surrounding a smooth space.
Anterior border of the prothorax slightly concave; its angles
sharp. Metathorax not retracted behind; its superior face
cribrose with strong punctures like the remainder of the thorax.
Its concavity smooth, excavated, finely punctured, with blunted
borders, except at its superior extremity, where it is terminated
by a little vertical plate. Abdomen quite slender; its first seg-
1 In the third volume of my Etudes sur la Fam. de Vespides, p. 220, I
have placed in this Division the O. luctuosus, but it would be better placed ~
in the Subgenus Odynerus. (See below the corresponding Section formed
by this species )
ODYNERUS. 195
ment cribrose with punctures of a little less size than those of the
thorax, its suture distinct; near to its border, a badly marked
depression. The remainder of the abdomen less strongly and
densely punctured; the punctures throwing forth some short,
gray hairs.
Insect black. Antenne ferruginous above. Mandibles before,
borders of the summit of the clypeus, two little lines toward its
base, a dot on the forehead, scape of the antenne before, border
of the prothorax, a large spot beneath the wing, a dot on the
wing scale and its posterior appendix and post-scutel, of a pale
yellow. One sees in addition, six yellow spots on the metathorax,
two at the sides of the post-scutel, two on the angles of its
posterior plate, and two lines at the top of its concavity. Segments
1, 2, ornamented with a border of the same color, narrow, sub-
marginal, and at times interrupted on the 2d segment; the first
adorned in addition with two lateral dots which at times join
themselves to the border. Legs black, tarsi brownish, anterior
tibize yellow before. Wings of a transparent brown with beauti-
ful violet reflections. .
%. Clypeus bidentate, yellow, with a very fine black edging
all around it. Vertex with no hairy tubercles.
ODYNERUS. OO5
species its place with perfect certainty in the subdivisions of this
group.
C. Form very wide, short and depressed, first segment very wide ;
ils anterior face sessile, in the form of a wide triangle; is
superior face very short, 3-4 times as wide as long.
a. Wings wholly obscure, violet.
59. O. villosus Savss.—O. Antucensi statura, formis et facie affinis, sed
pronoto et capite angustioribus ; crassus, ater, velutinus, valde nigro
hirsutus; metanoti excavatione polita; abdomine sessili; primo seg-
mento lato, breviter truncato; secundo subtus basi eminente plicato ;
mandibulis, antennis et pedibus rufis; his basi et fere usque ad genua
nigris; tegulis nigris, rufo-maculatis ; abdominis vittis 2 luteis angustis ;
alis infuscatis, violascentibus.—Longit. 15 mm.
©. Clypeo nigro, levi, apice punctato, paulum emarginato.—%....?
Orlyn. villosus Sauss. Vespides, I, 165, 53, 9 (1852).—Gaw’s Hist. fisic
de Chile Zool. VI, Suppl. 563, 4 (1842).
This may be a variety of O. obscuripennis.
Hab. Chili.
60. ©. obscuripemmis Srin.—O. villoso similis, sed major, thorace
rugoso, granulato; ater, villosus; antennis nigris, scapo rufo; pedibus
rufis vel nigrescentibus, basi nigris; abdomine fasciis 2 luteis.—Long.
15 mm.
Odyn. obscuripennis Spin. in Gay’s Hist. fisic de Chile Zool. VI, 259, 4,
@ (1851).—Sauss. Vespides, I, 165, 52; III, 228.
Odyn. Coquimbensis Sauss. in Gay’s Hist. fisic de Chile Zool. VI, Suppl.
561, 1 (1852).
Hab. Chili (Type in the Paris Museum).
This species not being in my possession, I cannot give a com-
plete diagnosis of it.
b. Wings ferruginous with the apex fusco-violaceus or fuscous, and the
anterior margin rufous.
Gi. O. Amtucemsis Savss.—Crassus, velutinus, pilis nigris longissimis
valde hirsutus. Corpus depressum; thorace quadrato, tenuiter pune-
tato; post-scutello et metanoto verticaliter truncatis, hujus facie postica
trigonali, fere plana, parum late excavata, ut reliquus thorax velutino-
rugulosa, canthis obtusis marginata. Abdomine lato, depresso, sessili ;
primo segmento antice valde truncato, faciem anticam trigonalem et
faciem superam brevissimam et latissimam praebente; facierum illarum
concursus canthum transversum efliciens; facie supera sulco partita;
15
226 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
2° segmento paulo latiore quam primum, subtus basi plicato-tuberculato,
Niger; mandibulis, tegulis, pedibus et amtennis, rufis; his apice supra
griscescentibus; abdominis primo segmento luteo-marginato ; alis ferru-
gineis apice fusco-violascentibus.—Longit. 15 mm.
2. Clypeo elongato, rufo, apice bicarinato submarginato, utrinque nigro-
imarginato.—f ?.
Odyn. Antuco Sauss. Et. Vespides, I, 167,55, 9 (1852).—Gay’s Hist. fis.
de Chile, Zool. VI, Suppl. 562, 2 (1852).
Odyn. Antucensis Sauss. Et. Vespides, III, 228.
fess. a. diff.—This species is closely allied to villosus, but its
body is thicker; the thorax is quadrate and wide anteriorly ; the
color of the wings and clypeus is different.
Hab. Chili.
62. O. Chiliotus Savss.—Niger, velutinus, nigro-hirtus; O. Antucensi
affinis; thorace brevi; metanoto late excavato, canthis marginato,
utringue angulato ; abdominis secundo segmento subtus valde tubercu-
lato ; segmentis 19, 20 margine luteo; antennis et pedibus rufis; tegulis
nigris ; alis fusco-violascentibus, costa ferruginea.—Longit. 11 mm.—
??.—%. Clypeo elongato, bidentato, luteo.
Odyn. chiliotus Sauss. Vespides, I, 167, 56, 4 .—In Gay’s Hist. fis. de
Chile, Zool. VI, Suppl., 566, 9.—Vespides, III, 229.
I do not possess this species, which seems much like O. Antu-
censis. But I cannot think it the male of that, because of its
biangulate metathorax. The first abdominal segment seems to
have on its anterior face something like a suture, which allies it
to the subgenus Ancistrocerus.
Hab. Chili (Paris Museum).
63. O. ruficollis Sprix.—Ater, velutinus, nigro-hirsutus, crassus et
brevis; abdomine basi valde truncato, lato; metanoto rotundato; ab-
dominis 20 segmento subtus basi plicato-tuberculato; antennis, pronoto,
tegulis, pedibusque, ferrugineis ; abdomine fasciis 2 luteis; alis ferru-
gineis, apice fusco-nebulosis.—Longit. 11 mm.
©. Clypeo biangulato, rufo, nigro-marginato.—% ?.
Odyn. ruficollis Spin. 1. 1. VI, 259.— Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 168, 57, 9.
{ do not possess tnis species. By its livery, it would seem a
miniature of O. humeralis, but the abdomen is more sessile, the
clypeus @ is rufous; the metathorax is rounded, not sharp, on
its margins, ete. The form is more that of O. Antucensis.
Hab. Chili (Type in the Paris Maseum),
ODYNERUS. iy ed |
G4. O. Maypimus Savuss.—Niger, hirsutus; antennis, tegulis, pedi-
busque rufis; abdomine fasciis 2 luteis, primo segmento sessili, lato et
brevi; alis ferrugineis, apice violascentibus.—Longit. 13 mm.— ? 7—
%. Clypeo paulum bidentato, luteo.
Ab Odyn. Antucensi differt, metanoto rotundato, marginibus hebetatis
(num ejus masculus ?).
Odyn. Maypinus Sauss. Vespides, I, 169, 58, % (1852).—In Gay’s Hist.
fis. de Chile, Zool. VI, Suppl. 564, 5 (1852).—Vespides, III, 229.
Hab. Chili (Type in the Paris Museum).
D. Form also quite chubby, but not so much depressed ; meta-
thorax rounded, flat or convex behind, smooth, without mar-
ginal edges; abdomen arched (vespiform) ; first segment
very short; its superior face transverse-linear. (Appear-
ance of @ VESPA.)
G5. ©. vespiformis Hauip.—Niger, parum depressus, nitidus, pilis,
longissimis nigris hirsutus ; capite et thorace nitidis, tenuiter punctatis ;
post-scutello breviter truncate; metanoto rotundato, convexo, punctato ;
thorace quadrato-globoso; abdomine perfecte sessili (ut in genere
Vespa) superne convexo; primo segmento brevissimo, antice excavato,
subexciso; secundo subtus basi valde tuberculato; punctulo frontis
luteo; antennis pedibus et tegulis rufis; pronoti margine postico et
abdominis segmentorum 1‘, 2' limbo, luteis; alis ferrugineis apice sub-
infuscatis.—Longit. 13 mm.
©. Clypeo nigro, apice rugoso, punctato, bicarinato, truncato ;
*%. Clypeo luteo, punctato, bidentato; mandibulis antice fascia flava ;
antennarum uncino minuto.
Variat. Thorace et abdomine fere omnino nigris, fasciis rudimentaris vel
nullis.
Odyn. vespiformis Harp. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII, 523 (1837).
Odyn. hirsutulus Spin. in Gay’s Hist. fis. de Chile, Zool. VI, 257, 3 (1851).
—Sauss. Vespides, I, 212, 118; III, 244.
Ress. a. dif/.—This species is rendered very distinct by its less
depressed ‘forni, and its quite sessile abdomen, which gives it the
appearance of a Vespa. The first. segment is so short, that the
superior face is almost wanting; its anterior face presents as in
Vespa a sort of obsolete notch at its summit, which is an impres
sion of the post-scutel. The anterior face has not the triangular
form, its superior margin being arcuate as in the Vespa.
Hab. Chili (A common species).
bo
bo
172)
HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
Division PACHODYNERUS.
Saovss. III*, Divis. Sect. I*, Vespides, I, 169.—Divis. Epsilon, Sect. I,
ibid. III, 229, 252.
form relatively blunted (stubbed). Antenne of males simple,
not bewng terminated by a hook. Thorax short, in form of a
long or even cubical square, truncate posteriorly. The post-
scutellum transversely truncate, offering for this reason a
superior horizontal and transverse face and a posterior
vertical face, which makes a division of the posterior con-
cavity of the thorax; these two faces being separated by a
transverse ridge formed by their meeting. Abdomen always
sessile, conical, truncate at its base. (The first abdominal
segment less coarsely punctured than the 2d, more smooth.)
Among the insects of this division the forms are very thickset,
short, and stabbed. - The elypeus of the females is widened and
rounded at the summit, as wide as long, pear-shaped, and truncate
at the extremity; the angles of the truncation are often a little
salient, dentiform, and sometimes the clypeus appears bidentate
by reason of a little fossette which occupies its extremity.
Among the males this piece is most often polygonal, truncate, as
wide as long. .
The thorax is very cubical, with little or no retraction behind.
The metathorax never prolongs itself beyond the post-scutel, but
is briefly truncate; its truncation eneroaches strongly upon the
post-scutel and gives birth to a smooth plate which occupies most
of its width; this plate is polygonal, often armed with two lateral
teeth, and bordered by some sharp or blunted ridges, which
become especially salient. upon the latero-superior borders, where
they form on each side a sort of arcade, and are often terminated
by a projection, separated from the post-scutellum by a fissure.
Among these species having a thorax very square and widened
behind, this character is well developed, but the ridges do not
bend at the middle to form a re-entering angle under the angle
of the post-scutel (as among the Ancistrocerus), but are effaced
at the entrance.
The post-scutellum seen above is almost linear, truncate verti-
cally, and its posterior face makes a division of the posterior plate
of the thorax; its ridge is sharp and often crenulate. The
ODYNERUS. 229
abdomen is perfectly sessile, conical; its first segment is wide,
often quite as wide as the 2d, squarely truncate at its base, which
permits the distinction of an anterior and a superior face; the
transverse ridge which results from this truncation is sometimes
blunted, sometimes sharp. ‘The superior face is always transverse,
wider than long. The abdomen is sometimes velvety, sometimes
smooth, shining, not rugose, and the first segment is wholly
smooth, less punctured than the 2d.
It is fitting to say that for each one of these characters, there
may be met some exception among this and that species,
Of all the Odynerus, the species of this Division have the most
cubical thorax and the most conical abdomen. Yet they have
almost the same form as a great part of the species of the Division
Odynerus which follows, and are only distinguished from them
by the antenne of the males, which are destitute of the terminal
hook. Owing to this circumstance the Pachodynerus occupy
among the Odyneri a sort of typical position like that of the
Humenes of Division Omicron, these being also distinguished
from the other Humenes by the simple flagellum of the antennz
of the males. The Pachodynerus are also, like the Humenes of
the Division Omicron, peculiar to tropical and temperate America.
The Pachodynerus cannot easily be confounded with the S/eno-
dynerus, because of their thick body and conical, thick abdomen.
But, to make certain, one should consult the tables of the spe-
cies of the Division Odynerus, which are placed before these
Divisions.
Table to assist in distinguishing the species of the Division PacHoDYNEROS.
1. Ornaments of the body all yeilow.
2. Abdominal segments all margined with yellow, except the first,
3. Thorax wholly black.
4. Metathorax rounded, destitute of lateral angles,
69. argentinus.
4,4. Metathorax forming an angle on each side.
5. Thorax elongate, metathorax with four spines; insect black.
80. diabolicus.
5,5. Thorax cubical; metathorax with two angles; insect vel-
vety, grayish. 66. brevithorax.
66. ¢ brevithorazx.
3,3. Thorax with yellow ornaments, 6
: } nasidens.
—
]
68. * simplicornis.
230 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
2,2. The first abdominal segment margined with yellow.
3. All the segments margined with yellow
4. Prothorax all yellow. 72. Guadulpensis.
4,4. Prothorax margined with yellow.
72. ¢ Guadulpensis.
5. The posterior margin of prothorax yellow. 73. zonatus.
76. \ La Plate.
5,5. Only the anterior margin of prothorax yellow.
6. Thorax wholly or nearly black; abd. much truncate at
base. 70. Peruensis.
6, 6. Thorax slightly ornamented with yellow; abdomen more
ovate. 71. brachygaster.
3,3. Only the first two segments margined with yellow or luteous.
4, The following segments rufous. 78. cubensis.
4,4. The following segments black.
5. The posterior margin of prothorax, or both margins, yellow.
74. { Gayi.
79. \californicus.
75. { preeor.
76. (La Plate.
5,5. Only the anterior margin of protlrorax yellow.
6. Ornaments whitish.
7. Insect short, thorax cubical. 74. Gayi.
7, 7. Insect more slender, thorax longer than wide.
79. californicus.
6, 6. Ornaments yellow, insect notsostout. 77. tibialis.
1,1. Body more or less adorned with rufous.
2. Prothorax and first abdominal segment, etc., rufous.
, 81. Erinnys.
2,2. Only the extremity of the abdomen rufous. 78. cubensis.
6. Ornaments whitish.
6,6. Ornaments yellow.
Description of the species.
Ist. Section.— Thorax cubical (at least among the maies) or
square, more lengthened. Abdomen conical; the first seg-
ment very large, as wide as the second.
In this group one finds the most thick-set forms in the whole
tribe of solitary wasps (O. nasidens, O. Gayi), the thorax
becoming perfectly cubical, as in the Nectarinia, among the social
wasps. However, among the most part of the species the forms
do not differ essentially from those of the insects of the division
Odynerus.
~~ >
ODYNERUS. Jt
A. All the segments except the first, bordered with yellow.
These Odynerus have the body silky and adorned with beautiful
golden reflections, or they are covered with a velvety satin which
often conceals the punctures. They have a close resemblance
among themselves, so that, without comparing numerous speci-
mens, one easily confounds all under the same description, taking
them for the O. nasidens of Latreille. This happened to me at_
the beginning of my studies. When new specimens arrived, I
thought to distinguish many more species, and I have established
differences in the diagnoses which are far from satisfying me.
In fine, the increase of my collections has revealed to me such
differences of size, of color, and of details of form, that, after
having believed for a time that some species were distinguished
with clear precision, I have perceived that nothing is more
obscure than the limits of these species. A new examination of
my very numerous specimens, far from clearing up the chaos, only
results in filling me with new doubts; for, contrary to what one
usually observes, the species do not appear to class themselves
according to their geographical distribution ; in lieu of finding
one species from Mexico and another from Brazil, I find two
species equally diffused in the two divisions of the American
continent. In the midst of this confusion I think, however, that
I can distinguish the O. brevithoraxz quite clearly, as there is
here quite a difference from other species, in the form of the
clypeus, ete.
The appearance of these insects recalls very much that of
certain other Vespids which have also their bodies velvety and
silky and which inhabit the same hot regions. Such as certain
Ancistrocerus (A. Ariste, Parredesi); certain Nectarinia (N.
mellifica), and even certain Chartergus (Ch. chartartus); with
which one should be careful not to confound the Odyneri
described below.
a. Metathorax forming a lateral angle on each side.
66. O. brevithorax Savss.—Niger, punctatus, ubique tomento velu-
tino aureo-sericeo indutus; thorace cubico, latitudine longitudini
quali; metanoto in tota latitudine excavato; ejus excavatione levi,
sericea, canthis acutissimis marginata, utringue in dentem lateralem
excurrentibus ; abdomine perfecte conico, sericeo ; primo segmento bre-
232 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
vissimo; antennarum flagello subtus et scapo apice, ferrugineis ; tegulis
testaceo-maculatis ; abd. segmentorum 2-5 margine late flavo, et valde
punctato; primo nonnunquam etiam tenuiter flavo-marginato; tibiis an-
tice flavo vel fulvo-variis; alis ferrugineis, apice griseis.—Longit. 10 mm.
Variat. Metanoti canthis flavis.
Q. Clypeo punctato apice, dentibus 2 acutis, inter se distantibus armato;
punctis 2 fulvis in dentibus et 2 in angulis superioribus ornato.
*. Clypeo in marginibus argentato; apice fere ut in 9 bidentato, vel
emarginato, dentibus 2 trigonalibus terminato; apice lineis 2, in summo
fasciis 2 lateralibus, flavis; labro favo; mandibularum margine externo
et scapo, linea flava instructis.
Vuriai. Clypeo in lateribus flavo-marginato; oculis intus flavo-marginatis,
pedibus nigris.
Odynerus brevithorar Sauss. Vespides, I, 172, 62' (1852); III, 231.—
Rev. Zool. X, 1858, 166.
The teeth of the clypeus ? are spiniform and separated by an
arched margin, not angularly notched. The thorax is cubical,
not longer than wide; the disk of metathorax is much broader
than long, in the form of a half circle; its margins are arcuated
anteriorly, not sinuated. The scutel is square, rather elevated,
and the post-scutel is situated a little lower, while in auratus,
the scutel is more flattened and the post-scutel is on the same
plane. —
Ress. a. diff.—Compare O. nasidens and simplicornis, O.
diabolicus, and also Ancistrocerus Ariste and Paredesi.—This
species, as well as the following, must be carefully distinguished
from different species of Nectarinia ;? this may easily be done,
from their very wide first abdominal segment, not very small and
shortly petiolate; from their distinct post-scutel, and the truncate,
not angulate, apex of the clypeus. :
Hab. South America. Brazil. Bahia, 2 9, 3 $.—Vene-
zuela 2 %.
67. O. nasidens Latr.—O. brevithoraci simillimus; statura varia-
bili; thorace longiore quam latiore; pronoti margine postico, post-
scutello, abdominisque segmentornm 2-6 margine ochraceis; alis ferru-
gineis, apice griseis.
Q. Clypeo.apice latius bidentato, magis biangulato; dentibus fulvis ;
interdum superne maculis 2 fulvis vel omnino flavis,
1 The figure which bears the same name belongs to the O. nasidens.
® Social wasp.
ODYNERUS. 233
*. Clypeo polygonali, late truncuto, margine utrinque flavo, vel omnino
flavo, macula nigra.
Odyn. nasidens Latr. Voyage de Humboldt, Zool. IT, 112, pl. xl, fig. 1, 2,
© .—Saoss. Vespides, I, 171, 61, 1852; III, 230.—Rev. Zool. X, 1858,
165, 1.—Packarp Kep. Peabody Acad. 1869, 5.
Odyn. auratus Sauss. Rev. Zool. X, 1858, 166.
Odyn. brevithoraz Savss. Vespides, I, pl. xvii, fig. 9,
Q. Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
*,. Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm.
Var. minor.— 9. Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm.
*. Total length, 7 mm.; wing, 6.5 mm.
Of variable size, sometimes larger than the O. brevithoraz,
sometimes of the same size. Head densely punctured. Thorax
longer than wide, densely cribrose ; post-scutel linear above,
finely crenulate, metathorax very squarely truncate; its concavity
occupies the whole width, is smooth, silky, and a little striate,
bordered above by some arcuate, very trenchant ridges, which
abut upon the two extremities of the post-scutel within, but
which are not as well separated from it by fissures as the O.
brevithorax; from each side a dentiform angle turns downward.
Abdomen perfectly conical; the first segment very large; quite
long, being notably more so than in the O. brevithoraz, where it
only forms a cup, not a bell.
Insect black, clothed in a beautiful velvet, of silky hair, having
olden reflections, which are only distinct among the well-pre-
served specimens. Mandibles ferruginous at the end, spotted with
yellow at the base. ‘Two spots at the extremity of the clypeus
and one at the extremity of the scape, post-scutel, ridges of the
metathorax, and a regular border upon segments 2—5 of the
abdomen of a yellow-ochre, a little golden; border of these
segments strongly punctured; anus bordered with yellow; wing
scales marked or bordered with testaceous; knees and end of tarsi
a little ferruginous; anterior tibia marked with yellow before.
Wings ferruginous with the end gray.
2. Clypeus pyriform, rugose, strigose-punctate, terminated by
two diverging or biangulate teeth.
Var. a. Clypeus yellow, or margined with yellow, or with two
yellow spots on the top.
b. A yellow line on the seape.
1 Only the figure, not the description.
234 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
c. A yellow spot on each side between the eye and the clypeus.
d. Prothorax slightly bordered with yellow on its anterior
angles.
e. Prothorax not bordered with yellow, with quite golden
reflections.
Jj. Antenne quite black. (Bahia.)
g. Tibiz with yellow lines or wholly black.
%. Clypeus polygonal, argenteous, widely margined with yellow
on both sides; its anterior margin widely truncate. Antenne
fulvous beneath; the scape with a yellow line; lower part of the
eyes bordered with yellow.
Var. Clypeus quite yellow, with a black spot or line in the
middle.
Mexican variety. 2?.—Mandibles black to the end. Antenne
ferruginous beneath, except at the extremity, and becoming
brown ferruginous. Tibiz all ornamented with yellow. There
are often two yellow dots on the front; the teeth of the clypeus
only, red.— Mexico.
Small variety. ?.—Of the size of the O. brevithorax, but offer-
ing the same characters as the above variety. Borders of the
metathorax more rounded.—%. Antenne and legs. as in the ?
variety.— Mexico.
Ress. a. diff.—This species differs from the O. brevithoraz,
in its greater size, in its thorax longer than wide although very
square, in its clypeus @ less wide, but strongly bidentate, in the
disk of the mesothorax a little attenuated before, having the
latero-anterior borders a little sinuate. The male differs, by its
polygonal eclypeus, truncate, not bidentate.
' It approaches yet more closely to O. simplicicornis.—Com-
pare these species.
Hab. Tropical America. I possess a great number of speci-
mens. Ist. From the hot parts of Mexico (Huasteca, Oriental
Cordillera, Michoacan, ete.); 2d. From Colombia and Venezuela ;
3d. From Bahia and Brazil. They do not appear to me to differ
specifically. ;
Although the description given by Latreille of his O. nasidens
does not agree well with our specimens, we do not retain any
doubt as to the identity of the species. The description of Lat-
reille is evidently a hybrid description, being partly of a female,
partly of a male. When he said that the clypeus was bidentate,
ODYNERUS, 235
he had seen the female of it; when he said “bordered with yel-
low,” he had seen the male, which he may have taken for a female,
because the antenns do not possess a hook.
According to Latreille, the prothorax is ornamented with yellow
on the anterior border, and it has a yellow dot behind the eyes,
but we suppose that he was rather troubled about the golden
reflections.
This unfortunate description of Latreille has caused me to
lose infinite time in vain researches, without the least result,
so that I have finally brought myself to announce the above
opinion which I think to be the only correct one.
68. O. simplicicormis Savuss.— 0. nasidenti simillimus, sed thorace — \
paulo breviore et clypeo in utroque sexu truncato, haud distincte
emarginato, P apice flavo-bipunctato, % flavo-marginato.
Odynerus simplicicornis Sauss. Vespides, II, 253, % (1854);Id. Sagra’s
Hist. de Cuba, Ins. 771, pl. 19, fig. 5.—Rev. Zool. X, 1858, 166
(faulty).—Cresson, Philad. Ent. Proceed. II, 1865, 165.
2. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 9 mm.
*,. Total length, 8 mm.; wing, 7 mm.
2. A little smaller than the large variety of the O. nasidens ;
the same color, the same velvety and silky aspect. Clypeus a
little striate, less strongly punctured, truncate at the extremity,
but biangulate, often a little bidentate. Thorax a little longer
than wide; shorter than with the O. nastdens, longer than with
the O. brevithorax; metathorax as with the nasidens, finely
striate. Abdomen as with the O. nasidens. Antenne ferrugi-
nous beneath in their first moiety; a yellow dot on the summit
of the mandibles, two at the base of the clypeus, and often two
more on the front; posterior border of the prothorax, often the
anterior also, post-scutel, superior ridges of the metathorax, and
border of the segments 2-6 yellow; tibiw often ornamented with
yellow. Wings ferruginous, with the end gray.
$. Smaller; clypeus polygonal, truncate, offering at the two
extremities of its inferior border a marked angle, more decided
than in the O. awratus $3; its lateral and inferior borders, yellow;
a yellow line on the scape and in the sinus of the eyes. Yellow
ornaments of the thorax indistinct.
Ress, a. diff.—Diflers from the O. brevithorax by its elypeus,
which is not strongly bidentate, and by the yellow ornaments of
236 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART i.
the thorax. One should perhaps consider this species as a variety
of the O. nasidens? yet it appears to us to constitute a local
species.
Hab. The isle of Cuba. 6 9, 3%.
“The nest of this species is somewhat of an oblate spheroidal
shape, constructed of fine earth, of a beautiful fawn-color. It is
attached to a slender twig and measures 43 by 6 lines; sometimes
two nests are attached close together, to the same twig; the
outer surface is uneven, and on the upper side there is a stout
peduncle, by which the nest has been attached to another body.
The opening made by the imago in its escape is large and always
on the side of the nest.” (Cresson, 1. c.)
b. Metathorax rounded, not forming on each side a dentiform angle.
GS. ©. Argemtimus Savss.—Niger, confertim punctatus; metanoto
postice rugoso, rotundato, utringue angulo nullo; superne utrinque
acute-marginato, canthis a post-scutello fissura sejunctis; pronoti
abdominisque segmentorum 2'-5i margine postico flavo-limbato; alis
hyalino-ferrugineis, apice grisescentibus ; tegulis ferrugineis.—%. Cly-
peo truncato, flavo; puncto frontali; scapo subtus, tibiis antice, flavis.
Odyn. Argentinus Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. XXII,1870, 56, 6 9.
2. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 9.5 mm.
*,. Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
?. Head and thorax densely and rugosely punctured, sha-
greened; the punctures small. Thorax a little longer than wide.
Post-scutel truncate, very short and transverse, crested and a
little crenulate. Metathorax posteriorly excavated, rugose, but
with arcuate edges, circular, forming no lateral angle whatever ;
the lateral ridges sharp in their upper half, each terminating in a
tooth separated from the post-scutel by a deep fissure. Abdomen
of equal width from base up to the end of the second segment, its
base truncate and rounded; the whole very finely punctured, with
very short hair and with sericeous gray pile; the hinder margin
of 2d segment sometimes slightly depressed or very slightly cana-
liculated, and a little more strongly punctured than the base.
Insect deep black, with very short gray hair. Antenne black;
a line on the hinder margin of prothorax and a regular band on
the hinder margin of segments 2-5 yellow; beneath only a mark
on each side of the margin of the 2d segment; tegule margined
with yellow or ferruginous. Anus black. Legs black; articu-
en
ODYNERUS. 237
jations and hooks a little rufous. Wings subhyaline or smoky ;
the anterior margin rather ferruginous.
Var. a. A little yellow mark on the forehead.
b. A little yellow line in the middle of the margin of the Ist
segment.
c. The post-scutellar metathoracic eminences indistinct or not
developed. |
2. Clypeus convex, strigate, bicarinate, terminated by two
angles or teeth, sometimes ferruginous.
%. Clypeus rounded, polygonal, pale yellow, widely truncate,
its inferior angles almost toothed. A line on the mandibles and
on the scape of the antenne, a spot between the antenne, inner
orbits, a line on the anterior side of the tibia, pale yellow or
ferruginous. Antenne without a terminal hook.
Var. a. Only the 2d, 3d, and 4th abd. segments margined with
yellow.
fess. a. diff.—This insect has the appearance of O. diabolicus,
but it is a little larger and is easily distinguished from it by its
metathorax, destitute of lateral angles, but having elevated ridges
separated by fissures from the post-scutel. The clypeus % is more
truncate ; its inferior margin being wide.—It differs also from O.
brachygaster, by its metathorax without angles, and by its deep
black, not grayish color—velutinous as in O. nasidens and its
allies.
Hab. The Argentine Republic. Buenos Ayres. 72,5 %.
B, All the abdominal segments margined with yellow or rufous.
a. Superior edges of metathorax not sharp.
“0. © Werwemsis Savuss.—Niger, cinereo-sericeus; thorace antice
latiore quam postice; metathorace excavato, strigato, inferis tantum
canthis acutis ; abdomine conico, basi lato, truncato, 2' segmenti margine
crasse punctato; post-scutelli et metanoti punctis 2 minutis, abdominis-
que segmentorum limbo late, pallido-flavis ; 2' fascia utrinque aucta ;
femoribus tibiisque obscure rufis; alis subhyalinis, costa subferruginea.
Longit, 11-12 mm.
@. Clypeo rotundato, emarginato, valde punctato, dentibus 2 distantibus
terminato.—%. Clypeo truncato.
Odyn. Peruensis Sauss. Et. Vespid. III, 253, 129, pl. xii, fig. 4, Q (1854).
flab. Peru. (Typus in Mus, Parisiensi.)
238 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I,
b. Superior edges of metathorax sharp.
71. O. brachysgaster Savuss.—Niger, valde punctatus, omnino fulvo-
velutinus ; metathoracis excavatione lata, levi, argenteo-sericea, utrin-
que obtusangulata, superne canthis arcuatis acutis marginata; his a post-
scutello per fissuram utrinque sejunctis ; abdomine ovato, basi truncato;
capite omnino nigro; pronoti marginibus obselete, tegulis partim, post-
scutello, puncto subalari et punctis 2 in angulis scutelli, metathoracis
canthis superioribus abdominisque segmentorum 1-5‘ limbo, fulvis ;
primi fascia angusta, 2' lata; 2' margine late crasse punctato; pedibus
nigris, artibus, tarsis et mandibularum apice obscuro-rufescentibus ;
tibiis anticis fulvo-variis; alis subhyalinis, basi et costa subferrugineis
apice griseis.— 9. Clypeo bidentato, dentibus inter se distantibus,
rufis.—% ?.
Odyn. brachygaster Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 173, 63, pl. xvii, fig. 8 (1852).
—Rev. Zool. V, 1858, 167, 5.
Var.2 Margins of the abdominal segments narrow; antenne
ferruginous beneath ; wings hyaline, with fuscous veins.
Very similar to O. nasidens ; but also very distinct, the abdo-
men not being as conical and the 2d segment more elongate; the
antenne are also more slender.
Hab. Brazil. (Paris Museum and coll. of author.)
This can be well distinguished from Chartergus chartarius
(social wasp) by its truncate or bidentate clypeus (not engulate),
its long mandibles, its wider first abdominal segment, ete.
72. O Guadulpensis Savss.—Niger, valde punctatus; jeapite et
thorace rugosis, abdominis segmenti 2' margine et sequentibus valde
punctatis; linea mandibularum et scapi, macula frontali, pronoto omnino
Superne, tegulis, macula subalari, maculis 2 scutelli, post-seutello
metanoto utrinque, flavis; abdominis segmentis 19, 20 flavo-marginatis,
primi fascia utrinque aucta; segmentis 8-5 superne fulvo, subtus flavo,
tenuiter limbatis; tibiis et tarsis flavis; alis flavescentibus apice infu-
matis.—?. Clypeo flavo, nigro-maculato.—%. Clypeo truncato, poly-
gonali, flavo.
Variat. Pronoti angulis posticis nigris.
O. cubensi affinissimus ; ab illo distincte differt: statura panlo minore ;
mandibulis nigris, flavo-notatis; pronoto frequenter omnino flavo;
antennarum scapo nigro, linea flava ornato; coxis et femoribus nigris ;
abdominis primo segmento haud acute truncato!; segmentis 3-6 nigris
tenuiter flavo-marginatis.
Odyn. Guadulpensis Savss. Et. Vespides, I, 182, 76 (1852).
! In our % specimen the first segment offers a sort of suture, but this,
I think, may be a mere accident of puncturation.
—
ODYNERUS. 939
Ress. a. diff.—tin this species the clypeus % is hexagonal, as
broad as long, truncate, while in O. cubensis % it is longer than
broad, bidentate, and its greatest width is situated lower than
the middle. The abdomen is not as coniéal, not sharply truncate
at base; the hinder margin of the 2d segment and the following
are more roughly punctate, ete.
45. © zomatus Savss.—Niger, punctatus; thorace quadrato, paulo
longiore quam latiore, metanoto excavato, acute marginato, biangulato;
puncto frontali, pronoti margine antico et postico, macula subalari,
tegulis, scutelli punctis 2, post-scutello, metanoti canthis, abdominis seg-
mentorum margine, tibiisque partim, flavis; alis nebulosis.—%. Clypeo
polygonali flavo, argentato; antennis subtus ferrugineis, scapi linea
flava.— ? ?. ea
Odyn. zonatus Sauss. Revue de Zool. XXII,1870, 57, 8, 4.
Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
Head and thorax cribrose. Thorax square, a little longer than
wide. Its anterior margin concave, its angles rather produced,
but not acute. Post-scutel truncate. Metathorax much exca-
vated; its edges very sharp, forming on each side an angulated
tooth. Abdomen conical, truncate anteriorly (but not sharply);
the margin of 2d segment and those following strongly punctate.
Black, with short fulvous, but not velutinous hair; a spot on
the mandibles and a dot between the antenne, a narrow band on
the anterior margin of prothorax, a wider one on the posterior
margin, a spot under the wing, wing scales, a spot on each side
of the scutel, post-scutel, and the ridges of the metathorax, yel-
low; all the segments of the abdomen margined with yellow, the
fascie of the first two segments the widest; that of the first a
little wider on the sides. Knees and tibix outside and the first
tarsi, yellowish. Wings cloudy.
%. Clypeus polygonal, truncate or submarginate, yellow, sil-
very; labrum and scape beneath, yellow; the remainder of
antenne ferruginous below; emargination of the eyes argenteous.
Ress. a. diff.—This species comes very near to O. precox
Sauss., and may be a local variety, with all the segments margined
with yellow, or even a variety of O. guadulpensis, with the orna-
ments reduced.
Hab. Cayenne, (Author’s collection. )
Observation.—The extremity of the antenne being broken off,
240 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.
we are not sure that this insect belongs to this group, although
the appearance is quite that of O. cubensis and neighbors. It
might possibly go to the group of the Odyneri with hooked %
antenne ?
C. Only the first two abdominal segments margined with yellow.
(Lhe 3d and 4th sometimes indistinctly marginate.)
@4. O. Gayil Spin.—Crassus, thorace quadrato, postice late excavato
obtusangulato; abdomine brevi, lato, conico, basi truncato, primo seg-
mento secundo equilato; macula frontali, orbitis internis, scapo subtus,
pronoti margine antico, margine postico tenuiter, macula subalari, post-
scutello, maculis 2 metanoti summi abdominisque segmentorum 1‘, 2i
limbo, albidis; alis subhyalinis antice subferrugineis, apice griseis.
*%,. Clypeo subemarginato, luteo.— ??.
Odyn. Gayi Spiyoua, in Gay’s Hist. fis. de Chile, Zool. VI, 260 (1851).
— Savss. Vespides, I, 170, 59; pi. xvii, fig. 7, 4.
Hab. Chili. (Type in the Paris Museum.)
30. ©. przcox Savuss.—Niger, capite et thorace confertim punctatis ;
abdomine ‘sericante, conico, basi lato; macula mandibularum, linea
frontis verticali, pronoti margine postico, nec non antico tenuiter,
macula subalari, punctis 2 in scutelli angulis, post-scutello, maculis 2
metanoti abdominisque segmentorum 1‘, 2' margine, flavis ; reliquorum
margine fusco; tibiis flavo-lineatis ; tarsis fusco-ferrugineis ; alis sub-
hyalinis, costa obscuriore.
Q. Clypeo apice dentulis duobus rufis.—% ?.
Odyn. precor Sauss. Et. Vesp. III, 254,1 130; pl. xi, fig. 9, 9, (1854).
Hab. The southern parts of Brazil and Uruguay. (Paris
Museum. )
Observation.—This species may possibly belong to the Division
Odynerus with hooked male antenne? but its peculiarities bring
it nearer to the species of Division Pachodynerus.
76. 0. La Pilate Savss.—Niger, punctatus ; abdomine sericeo, basi
truncato; clypeo Q apice den‘ulis 2 ferrugineis terminato, seapo subtus
rufo; pronoti margine postico, signatura subalari, punctis 2 tegularum,
1 The note intercalated in the text of the description of this species
referred it to the heading A (Group of the O. M/egera). One more of the
chefs d’ceuvre of the printer, who is the cause of all other more grave
faults introduced by his negligence into my work on the Vespides.
ODYNERUS. 241
flavis; abdominis segmentorum li, 2' margine flavo, 3', 4' tenuiter
flavescente; tibiis 1'*, 2's linea flava; alis ferrugineis macula radiali
fusca.
Odyn. La Plate Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 52, 2 2.
9. Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 9.5 mm,
9. Form rather slender, very much as in O. cubensis and
tibialis. Clypeus pyriform, stvigate-punctate, terminated by two
little ferruginous teeth. Head and thorax densely punctate.
Post-scutel truncate, ridged but not crenulate. Metathorax
excavated in its whole width, forming on each side an indistinct
angle; its superior edges convex, very sharp, their superior
extremity hardly separated from the post-scutel by a fissure, not
forming salient teeth; the inferior edges straight or a little arched
concave. Abdomen polished, silky, the first segment as wide as
the 2d, almost sharply truncate.
Black; scape ferruginous beneath; a fine line along the poste-
rior edge of prothorax and a very slender one along the anterior
margin, on each side, two spots on the tegule, a mark under the
wing, a line on post-scutel, and the superior edges of metathorax,
yellow. Segments 1, 2 of the abdomen narrowly margined with
yellow; the extreme margin of the Ist brown; segments 3-5
narrowly margined with brown or yellowish. Knees and claws
ferruginous. Tibie 1st and 2d anteriorly with an indistinct yellow
line. Wings ferruginous along the anterior margin; the radial
cell brown.
Ress. a. diff.—This is possibly the same as O. precox, and I
should not have distinguished this from it, if in the description of
precox it was not said that the metathorax was rounded, while
here the superiot edges are very sharp.—It much resembles
tibialis, but the livery is rather different and it varies also in its
metathorax not sharply bidentate, its abdomen not as conical, its
first segment nof as sharply truncate, shorter, ete. —From zonatus
it differs in its livery and the same changes in the form of the
prothorax. .
Hab. The Argentine Republic. Buenos Ayres.
77. O. tibialis Savss.—Niger, cinereo-hirtus; dense prnetatus ; thorace
quadrato, 9 longiore quam latiore, % cubico, depresso ; metanoto bi-
dentato, acutissime marginato; abdomine valde conice basi acute trun-
cato et canthum acutum transversum efiiciente : Segmentorum 2-5
margine punctato, Macula mandibularum, pronoti margine, tegulis,
wo
942 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART i¥
macula subalari, post-scutello, metanoti maculis 2 superne abdominis-
que segmentorum limbo 1, 2 flavis; tibiis extus flavis; alis ferrugineis,
apice nubecula fusca.—Longit, 11 mm.; ale, 9 mm.
Q. Clypeo piriformi, grosse punctato, apice subbidentato superne flavo.
*%,. Clypeo ovato, flavo, apice submarginato; antennarum scapo flavo
fasciato; flagello apice haud uncinato.
Odyn. tibialis Savss. Et. Vespid. I, 183, 78 (1852), 9
Ress. a. diff.—This has the form of O. cubensis, from which
it differs by its black forehead, antenne, scutel, and feet; by its
thorax not so strongly punctured, by the edges of metathorax not
so much separated from the post-scutel, and by the elypeus 9
more coarsely punctured and not distinctly bidentate, while the
male has the apical margin of the clypeus a little concave, with
acute anglés.
Hab. Venezuela. Caraccas 9°. (Hayti %.)
Observation.—The 2 comes from the collection of De Romand,
whose etiquettes, are not always exact. The male is labelled as
caught by me at Hayti. This male is certainly of the same spe-
cies as the female. The species may come from St. Domingo. .
78. O. Cubemsis Savuss.—Niger; capite et thorace dense cribri instar
punctatis; pronoto antice subcoarctato; post-scutello truneato, trans-
versim tenuiter carinato; metanoto verticali, excavato, utrinque dente
instructo, superne canthis acutissimis marginato, his a post-scutello
fissura sejunctis ; abdomine conico; primo segmento antice acute trun-
cato canthum transversum efficiente; secundi segmenti margine punec-
tato. Mandibulis, macula frontali, antennarum articulis 1°, 2?, pro-
noti margine antico late, tegulis, macula subalari, scutelli maculis 2,
post-scutello, metanoto summo utrinque, abdominis segmentorum 1-2
margine (primi fascia in lateribus aucta), et pedibus, flavis ; abdominis
segmentis 4-6 rufis, et frequenter tertio rufo-limbato; alis ferrugineis,
apice fusco-nebulosis.—Longit, 11 mm.; alw, 9.5 mm.
@. Thorace longiore quam latiore; clypeo piriformi, punctato, flavo,
macula nigra, apice bidentato dentibus angulatis.
*,. Thorace magis cubico; clypeo ovato, flavo, levi, apice truncato, bian-
gulato; oculorum sinu flavo-marginato. Antennis apice simplicibus.
Odyn. cubensis Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 181, 75,! pl. xviii, fig. 8 (1852).
Hab. Cuba. (2 9, 2%.)
! In this description I have mingled the form of the clypeus 9 with the
description of the $, doubtless because the simple antenna of the 4 led
me to take a § fora 9.
ODYNERUS. 243
79. ©. Califormicus Saoss. (PI. 1II. fig. 17, 17a)—Medius, niger,
fulvo-tomentosus; clypeo @ piriformi valde punctato; thorace levi,
tenuiter punctato ; metanoto haud rugoso, biangulato, sed canthis obli-
teratis, nec acutis, nec rugosis; abdomine conico, segmentis 29 et sequen-
tibus in margine rugose punctatis ; fascia arcuata summi clypei, pronoti
et abdominis segmentorum 1', 2! limbo, macula subalari, punctis 2 in
tegulis, post-scutello et metanoti canthis, luteis; autennis fronte et
pedibus immaculatis ; alis diaphanis, venis fuscis. 9.
Odyn. Californicus, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 57, 9, 2.
Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 9 mm.
?. Size and form of the O. foraminatus, clypeus pyriform,
strongly punctured, terminated by a little border channelled by
a fossette and appearing bidentate. Head finely punctured.
Thorax not retracted before, its surface smooth, shining, bearing
some quite fine, separated punctures (at times effaced, especially
in the middle of the mesothorax and of the scutel); post-scutel a
little pad-shaped, finely crenulate (or smooth); metathorax not
rugose above; its concavity wide, smooth, and shining, finely
striate; it occupies the whole width, but its ridges are rounded,
or at least blunted, not salient on the summit (although delicately
formed), but smooth, not rugose, nor cribrose ; on each side an
angle, blunt or even rounded, according to individual specimens.
Abdomen quite conic; the first segment truncate, but without
sharp ridge; the second offering along its border a flat impressed
band, carrying a narrow band of very coarse punctures, but the
extreme border smooth. The following segments strongly punc-
tured.
Insect black, clothed on the head and thorax with a strong pile
of tawny or grayish hair; its hair very abundant on the meta-
thorax. A spot on the mandibles, an arcuate band (or two spots)
on the summit of the elypeus, a regular border on the prothorax,
a spot under the wing, post-scutel, ridges of the metathorax, and
a border on the first two segments of the abdomen (the first
widened on its sides), of a pale yellow; antenne and legs entirely
black; the tarsi ferruginous toward the end only. Wings trans-
parent, a little smoky; nervures brown. Wing scales having two
yellow spots; their middle oceupied by a brown spot.
Var. a. Two yellow spots on the extremity of the clypeus.
b. Inner border of the orbits, a spot on the front, a dot behind
each eye, two dots on the angles of the scutel, a spot on the
244 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 1.
knees, whitish; anterior tibie ferruginous or whitish; 3d and
4th segments of the abdomen bordered with whitish beneath; 3d
finely edged above with this color.
Ress. a. diff.—This Odynerus resembles the 0. Megzra in its
whitish ornaments, but itis smaller. Its smooth thorax, its meso-
thorax without longitudinal grooves, its metathorax, smooth,
biangulate and without little teeth behind the post-scutel, its
immaculate front, and its transparent wings distinguish it super-
abundantly.
The same characters distinguish it from the O. foraminatus
and the O. leucomelas.
Hab. Lower California. I have received divers specimens 2
collected at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus and others from
Southern California (Berton).
Observations.—This species has much of the form of the 0.
cubensis, but the male being unknown to me I place it with
hesitation in this division. If the male proves to have antenne
terminated by a hook, the species will find its place in the Divi-
sion Odynerus, next the O. Alvaradi. With the O. Erinnys it
is the only Pachodynerus yet known to inhabit the boreal °
temperate zone.
_ 2p. Section.—Form more lengthened ; thorax lengthened square
or retracted behind. Abdomen less conic, more cylindrical
or depressed.
a. All the segments of the abdomen, except the first, bordered with yellow.
SO. O. diabolicus Savss.—Gracilis ; capite et thorace dense rugose
punctatis; pronoti margine antico concavo, subcristato, angulis sub-
acutis ; post-scutello truncato, transverse cristato-crenulato, metanoto
excavato, utrinque bispinoso, marginibus excavationis acutis vertica-
libus, superne evanescentibus; abdomine subdepresso, antice rotundato-
truncato; segmento satis elongato. Omnino niger, abdominis segmentis
2-6 fiavo-ochraceo limbatis ; tarsis apice fuscescentibus; alis nebulosis.
Q. Clypeo bicarinato, apice bidentato, vel acute biangulato.
*,. Clypeo polygonali, apice truncato, luteo-argentato; labro, antennarum
scapo subtus, macula frontali, fascia in sind oculari, luteis.
Q. Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 9.5 mm.
%,. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm.
Odyn. diabolicus Sauss. Vespides, I, 171, 60 (1852); III, 230.—Rev.
et Mag. de Zool. X, 1858, 167, 6.
ODYNERWUS. DAD
A very distinct species in the form of its metathorax. The
lateral tooth of metathorax is formed principally by the lateral
ridge, and placed quite outside of the margin of the excavation,
which is situated more inside, and rather distant from the tooth.
There is, in addition, a very long spine on each side, on the
inferior edges near the articulation of the abdomen. It has much
the appearance of O. argentinus, but the metathorax is without
lateral angles.
Hab. South America; Brazil, Venezuela (author’s collect. ).
b. Abdomen varied with black and rufous.
Si. O Erimmys Leper.—Niger, valde punctatus, gracilis; thorace
postice attenuaio; metanoto longe bispinoso, canthis acutissimis mar-
ginato; abdomine basi truncato; in marginibus valde punctato; ore,
macula frontali et antennarum articulis 1-5 rnfis; pronoto, tegulis,
post-scutello, metanoti angulis, abdominis primo segmento superne et
secundi margine pedibusque, rufis; alis infuscatis, costa subferruginea.
©. Clypeo piviformi, crasse punctato, bicarinato, apice biangulato, apice
et basi, rufis.
*. Clypeo polygonali, luteo, argenteo-sericeo, subbidentato; antennis
apice haud uncinatis.
Vuriat. Primo et secundo abd. segmentis flavo-marginatis.
Odyn. Erynnis Ler. Sr. FArceaAv, Hymén. II, 645, 30 9 (1841).—Saoss.
Vespides, I, 178, 70.
Total length, 16 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
?. Form slender, moderately lengthened. Head and thorax
coarsely cribrose; this last quite lengthened, retracted behind ;
post-scutel finely crenulate; metatnorax having its posterior face
a little retracted; strongly excavated, a little oblique, smooth,
finely striate; bordered with abrupt very trenchant ridges, which
are armed on each side with a long spiniform tooth, prism-shaped,
and prolonged obliquely backward; it is placed sufficiently low
for the inferior ridges of the metathorax to be almost horizontal ;
these last offer beyond on each side of the valves of articulation
with the abdomen, a second distinct spine. The superior ridges
are sinuous and terminate under the post-scutel by an are or
nearly a right angle; seen in profile their summit terminates ina
pyramidal, although but little acute, angle, placed quite behind
the post-scutel and separated from it by a triangular notch.
246 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA, [PART I.
Abdomen of little width; finely punctured, the first segment
long, almost as wide as the 2d, and boldly truncate on its ante-
rior face; the 2d cylindrical; its posterior border and the follow-
ing segments strongly punctured. ;
Insect black, clothed with a short grayish pile. Mouth,
extremity and summit of the clypeus, a spot on the front, articles
1-5 of the antenne, red. Prothorax, wing scales, superior
angles of the clypeus and legs, equally red. First abdominal
segment above, wholly of a sombre-red; the second bordered with
red; the border of 3d and often the anus slightly ferruginous.
Wings brownish, with violet reflections ; the side a little ferru-
ginous. .
Var. The Ist segment adorned with an orange border; the
border of 2d passing also into orange.
2. Clypeus pyriform, very coarsely eribrose, bicarinate toward
the base, prolonged and strongly truncate at the extremity ; its
little border biangulate but straight.
%. Clypeus polygonal, a little longer than wide; pale yellow,
covered with silvery hair; its anterior border subconecave, sub-
bidentate. Antenne simple, terminated by a very small sharp
nipple. Inner border of the orbits yellow or ferruginous; the
frontal spot yellow. Ridges of the metathorax still more tren-
chant, terminated superiorly by a more acute angle of a pyramidal
form.
Var. Clypeus orange.
Ress. a. diff.—This species, although similar in colors with O.
Boscii and QO. arvensis, differs essentially from them by its
lengthened thorax, strongly retracted behind, by its little meta-
thorax, by its long metathoracic spines, its much more trenchant
and elevated ridges, its slender form, its clypeus longer than
wide, and the simple antenne of the males.
The form of the abdomen slightly recalls that of the O. 4-sectus;
the livery that of O. dorsalis, variety.
Hab. The Southern United States. Carolina. Florida. 3 2
1% from Florida (H. Norton).
ODYNERUS. QAT
Division ODYNERUS.
Savss., III* divis., Sect. I14 (Ht. Vesp. I, 177); Divis. Epsilon,
. Sect. II4 (ibid. II], 254).
Forms as in Division PACHODYNERUS, but often more elongate ;
the thorax more cubical, always in shape of an elongate-
square, often rather narrowed behind. Abdomen conical as
in PACHODYNERUS, or ovale-conical, BUT THE FIRST SEGMENT
ALWAYS FULLY INCLUDING THE BASE OF THE 2D. (by excep-
tion, irregularly contracted at base of the 2d segment, the first
seyment being smaller, rather cup-shaped.—O. MOoRELII. )—
Antenne of the males terminated by a hook.
The Odyneri of this Division have forms quite approximating to
those of Division Pachodynerus, forms which have been described
above, and they differ from these principally in the antenne of
the males which have the 13th joint recurved into a little hook:
As these forms are not exactly alike in all, we arrange the spe-
cies in a Series in which we can follow the thorax as it becomes
more elongate, and rather contracted behind, with the metathorax
becoming more and. more rounded, losing its sharp edges, while
the abdomen is less conical and more and more ovate-conical.
This Division includes quite varied types, principally charac-
terized by the modifications of the metathorax (which is sharp,
spined or rounded, and blunt), and by the form of the abdomen,
quite conical or elongate and more ovate. The more elongate
species pass into the forms of the Division Stenodynerus. As
these distinctions are difficult to establish, I have prepared a
tabular statement of them.
Table to assist in distinguishing the Division OpyNERUS and STENODYNERUS,
with regard to PACHODYNERUS.
{ Pachodynerus.
{ Post-scutel truncate; abdomen conical.
\ Odynerus.
| Post-scutel truncate; abdomen spindle-shaped, the
1 first segment rather subpetiolate or funnel-shaped. Stenodynerus.
Post-seutel not truncate; oblique, posteriorly angulate,
punetate. Stenodynerus.
Thorax cubical. Pachodynerus.
Pachodynerus.
Thorax more lengthened. Odynerus.
Slenodynerus.
248 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART L
{ Superior face of metathorax produced behind the
post-scutel. Stenodynerus.
Superior face of metathorax not produced behind the
post-scutel.
| a. Truncate, with the post-scutel. Packet
Odynerus.
b. Truncate, without the post-scutel, which is not
L truncate. Stenodynerus.
; Abdomen elongate, its base widely truncate. ae
' : Pachodynerus.
4 Abdomen conical. Odynerus.
Abdomen spindle-shaped, contracted at base, the first
| segment funnel-shaped or cup-shaped. Stenodynerus.
{ First abdominal segment longer or as
| long as wide. Stenodynerus.
4 First abd. segment having its superior
| Pachodynerus.
| face wider than long. | Odynerus.
Stenodynerus (by exception).
{ First abd. segment more strongly punc-
tured than the second. Stenodynerus. :
First abd. segment not so strongly punc-
Pachodynerus.
tured as the second, smooth.
Odynerus.
{ Stenodynerus.
Odynerus.
}
| First and second segments equally
i \ exceptionally.
punctured.
The insects of this group have a marked tendency to become
rugose, and the border of the 2d abdominal segment is cribrose
with strong punctures; in general, at any rate, it offers a zone,
rugose and a little impressed or channelled.
But there is a set of species which offers, on the contrary, a
smooth, shining body, with a tendency to omit the punctures.
This type is represented here by the O. bidens only, but is met
again in other genera.
The species presenting a rugose body offer a great similarity
to the European species, and this similarity goes so far that one
might attempt to indicate with certainty among them the Euro-
pean type from which they seem to be derived. So, for example,
the O. (Rhynchium) dorsale, derived from the Rhynchium ocu-
latum; the O. foraminatus from the O. simplex, ete., while those
having a smooth body which have been identified, are of a type
ODYNERUS. Q49
exclusively American. The O. bidens in particular, with its great
size, its black-violet wings, its white ornaments, forming large
spots, its smooth body, is a type of which the form has uo simi-
larity either in Europe or elsewhere, while it recalis other
Species peculiar to North America (Monobia uncinata, Ancistro-
cerus 4-sectus).
The species which form the Division Odynerus occupy in
America principally the northern temperate zone. They appear
to be yet more numerous in North America than in Europe.
Table to assist the determination of the species of Division Odynerus.
Nota.—Compare O. Crypticus (No. 95), which could not be introduced
into this table, not being sufficiently well known; and at the end of the
genus, the list of species incerte sedis.
1. Second abdominal segment having a particular form.
2. Second abdominal segment deformed.
3. Swollen posteriorly, forming two gibbosities, its margin very
deeply canaliculate and much reflexed. 110. cluniculus.
3,3. Without strong gibbosities ; the margin only strongly canalicu-
late. 111. Morelii.
2,2. Second abd. segment produced in the middle, forming a sharp
angle or tooth. productus.!
I, 1. Second abd. segment not deformed, normal, not swollen.
2. Wings black or fuscous, with violet iridescence.
3. Ornaments of the body. white or luteous.
4, Metathorax black, 2d segment margined with luteous.
101. Megera.
4,4. Metathorax maculate with luteous ; 2d segment not margined
with lutecus. * 90. bidens.
3,3. Ornaments of the body yellow or rufous.
4. Metathorax angulate.
5. First abd. segment sharply truncate at base.
82. Hidalgi, var.
5, 5. First abd. segment not so sharply truncate, more rounded.
84. { dorsalis.2
93. | annectens.
4,4. Metathorax rounded ; insect velutinous. 109. Romandinus.
2,2. Wings subhyaline or clouded or ferruginous.
3. Body much adorned with rufous; prothorax often rufous.
4. Metathorax not forming on each side a lateral dentiform angle.
1 Compare at the end of Genus Odynerus, the species incertae sedis.
2 Compare also O. Boscit and arvensis, sometimes with rather obseure
wings.
250 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
5. Insect black and dull rufous, with yellowish ornaments;
body velutinous, hairy.
6. Second abd. segment not canaliculate. 108. Guerreri.
§. Second abd. segment having its margin strongly canali-
culate. 111. Morelii.
5,5. Insect ferruginous and black, with bright yellow ornaments;
94. { annulatus.
106. pratensis.
4,4. Metathorax forming on each side a dentiform angle.
5. Size very large.
6. Wings smoky. 84. dorsalis.
$5. { proctus.
86. \ consors.
6,
abdomen polished, not velutinus.
6,6. Wings ferruginous.
5,5. Size medium or small.
6. Superior angles of prothorax not prominent.
— 99. ¢ apicalis.
7. Wings smoky. 94. + annulatus.
92. ‘ arvensis.
7, 7. Wings ferruginons.
8. Second abd. segment not canaliculate.
9. Size smaller. 98. spectabilis.
94. § annulatus.
99. Lapicalis.
8, 8. Second segment more or less canaliculate.
9. Post-scutel crenulate; abdomen conical.
89. Lturbidi.
9,9. Post-scutel not crenulate; abd. not conical.
111. Morelii.
6,6. Superior angles of metathorax prominent, separated from
post-scutel by a fissure or a notch. Size medium.
7. Margins of segments 2d, 3d, refiexed ; post-scutel ~ellow.
8. All the segments margined with yellow.
; 82. Hidalgi, var.
8, 8. Segments 1-3 margined with yellow. . f
82. Hidalgi, var.
, 7. Margins of segments 2, 3 depressed, but not reflexed;
post-scutel black. 83. Boscii.
3, 3. Body black, adorned with yellow or luteous.
4. Ornaments luteous.
5. All the abd. segments margined with luteous.
103. leucomelas.
5,5. Only 2d segment margined with luteous. 101. Megera.
4,4. Ornaments yellow.
5. Post-scutel black.
6. Segments 1, 2 margined with yellow; wings cloudy,
brownish. 83. Boscii.
6, 6. Segments all margined with yellow; wings ferruginous.
91. Alvaradi.
9,9. Size larger.
7
5,5. Post-scutel adorned with yellow.
ODYNERUS. yA |
6. Very large species. ENN Sas
86. ' consors.
6,6. Species of medium or small size.
7. Metathorax forming on each side a lateral angle.
8. Superior angles of metathorax separated from post-
scutel by a fissure or a notch.
Superior angles produced into erect spines ; scutel
yellow. 87. scutellaris.
9,9. Superior angles not spined.
10. Lateral angles acute; margin of 2d segment
reflexed; scutel black. 82. Hidalygi.
10, 10. Lateral angles obsolete; margin of 2d segment
not reflexed ; scutel inaculate.
11. Metathorax very sharp; 1st segment broadly
margined with yellow. 100. turpis.
11, 11. Metathorax not sharp; lst segment not mar-
gined in the middle. 88. Cordove.
8, 8. Superior angles of metathorax not produced.
9. Scutel yellow or maculate; clypeus 9 yellow; wings
ferruginous.
10. Second segment margined with yellow.
11. Smaller; more slender; scutel yellow.
98. spectabilis.
11,11. Larger, less slender, scutel maculate.
: 91. { apicalis.
; 97. \ formosus.
10,10. Second segment mostly yellow.
96. su/fureus.
9,9. Seutel black; clypeus 9 rufous or black and yellow.
10. Ornaments of the body bright yellow.
11. Wings smoky. 92. arvensis.
11,11. Wingssmoky-ferrnginous. 94. annulatus.
10,10. Ornaments dull yellow; wings ferruginous;
body rather pubescent. 91. Alvaradi.
7,7. Posterior face of metathorax more or less orbicular, not
forming two lateral angles.
8. Superior edges of metathorax sharp, produced, separa-
ted from post-scutel by a distinct fissure ora notch.
9. Segments 1, 2 margined with luteous.
101. AMegera.
9,9. Segments 2, 5 margined with yellow or luteous.
10. Second segment without yellow macule.
ll. First segment only maculate on the sides.
88. Cordove.
11,11. First segment margined with yellow.
12. Seutel maculate with yellow.
13. Edges of the concavity of metathorax very
sharp. 100. turpis.
252 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
13,15. Edges of the concavity of metathorax
more blunted. 105. molestus.
12,12. Scutel black.
_ 13. Fascia of the first abd. segment narrow;
ornaments pale. 103. leucomelas.
13,13. Fascia of the first abd. segment wider;
yellow. 102. {a
107. ‘ flavopictus.
10,10. Second segment with lateral yellow macule on
fascia. 104. blandus.
8, 8. Superior angles of metathorax not produced behind
the post-scutel or scarcely produced.
9. Second segment without lateral yellow spots.
10. Metathorax strongly excavated, rough; all the
segments margined with yellow.
105. molestus.
10,10. Metathorax not strongly excavated, not rough;
2,3 segments margined with yellow.
109. Romandinus.
9,9. Second segment with lateral yellow spots or fasciz.
104. blandus.
Description of the species.
Section J.—Post-scutel sharply truncate; its transverse edge
often crenulate. Abdomen conical or ovate-conical; the
second segment not strangulated at base; the first segment
including wt very naturally.
1. Posterior plate of metathorax angulate, forming on each side
a lateral dentiform angle. (Thorax square, angulate, poste-
riorly wide, not contracted. Abdomen very conical.)
A. Concavity of the metathorax polygonal, margined with straight
or arcuate ridges, which form at their meeting 4 sharp angle.
The superior lateral edges superiorly terminating in a tooth
or eminence, separated from the post-scutel by a deep fissure,
or by a notch. :
These teeth are more distinct in the males than in the females,
sometimes obsolete in the females.1 Comp. Sec. B.
a. Ridges of the metathoraz very salient; its posterior face excavated.
* Posterior margin of 2d and 3d abdominal segments reflexed.
S2. O. Midalgi Savss.—Niger, crasse cribri instar punctatus; clypeo
in utroque sexu truncato; metanoto valde concavo, biangulato, canthis
! Principally in Odyn. Boscti and dorsalis.
ODYNERUS. 953
maxime acutis marginato; abdomine conico, basi acute truncato; seg-
mentorum 2i-4i margine grosse punctato; 2' et 34 reflexo; scapo subtus,
macula frontali, oculari, post-oculari, pronoti margine antico, post-
scutello, tegulis, macula subalari et utrinque metanoti summi, abdominis
segmentorum 1-3 marginibus, flavis; primi fascia utringue aucta;
pedibus et mandibulis ferrugineo- et flavo-variis; alis infuscatis violas-
centibus. 9. Clypeo nigro, flavo-binotato; % clypeo flavo.
Variat signaturis plus minusve fulvis (Am. borealis).
Varietas Mexicana.—Nigro et rufo-variegatus, vertice nigro; antennarum
articulis 1°, 20 ferrugineis ; pronoto, macula subalari, tegulis, scutellis,
metanoti lateribus, rufis vol flavo-variis; abdomine rufo; segmentorum
limbo fiavo-vario; 14, 2' basi nigro-angulato, pedibus rufis.— % . Clypeo,
capitis signaturis et scapi fascia, flavis ; pronoti limbo, scutellis, macula
subalari et: tibiis aurantiacis.
9. Total length, 13-14 mm.; wing, 10-11 mm.
*,. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
Odyn. Hidalgi Savss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. IX, 1857, 275 (var).
Appearance of a Rhynchium, but the mouth quite as in Ody-
nerus ; the joints of the maxillary palpi becoming regularly shorter
from the first to the last.
Clypeus punctured, widely truncate, its inferior part rather
flattened and laterally bicarinate. Thorax in the form of an
elongate square, not contracted posteriorly, densely and coarsely
punctured. Post-scutel sharply truncate, strongly crenulate.
Metathorax very rough on its superior and lateral face; its
posterior concavity occupying its whole width, shining, strigose,
margined with very sharp edges, which form on each side a very
strong dentiform angle, and which terminates superiorly in two
eminences separated from the post-scutel by two deep fissures.
Abdomen silky, quite conical, not ovate ; its first segment large,
as wide as the second, sharply truncate anteriorly; the margin
of 2d and following segments quite coarsely cribrose; the border
of the 2d and 3d reflexed but not channelled. Mandibles, a
frontal mark, inner orbits, post-ocular fascia, scape of the antenne
beneath, anterior margin of prothorax, a spot beneath the wing,
tegule, post-scutel, a mark on each superior angle of metathorax,
yellow or rather fulvous; segments 1-3 margined with yellow,
the fascia of the first much widened on the sides or fused with an
oblique fascia, often rufous. Legs ferruginous, black at base;
tibiz with a yellow line, or entirely yellow. Wings infuscated,
254 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I,
brown with violet iridescence, or fusco-violaceous ; the base paler
or a little ferruginous.
Var. Prothorax often with some rufous color; the yellow
changing to fulvous.
%. A little smaller. Macule of metathorax larger; its supe-
rior ridges very salient, more arcuate, terminated superiorly by a
sharp tooth. Mandibles and clypeus yellow; this last polygonal,
wider than long; the angles of its inferior wide margin somewhat
toothed, the inferior part not prolonged as in O. arvensis.
Mexican variety 2?.—Insect rufous and black. Head black ;
mandibles, clypeus, margins of the orbits complete or interrupted
at the vertex, a spot on the forehead, and at base of antennae,
rufous; prothorax, tegule, a spot beneath them, rufous; scutel
rafous, notched, with black at base; their margins all yellow;
the margin of the first segment widened on the sides. Anus
yellow. Feet rufous, varied with yellow. Wings smoky, mixed
with ferruginous (O. Hidalgi Sss., 1. c.).
Var. Clypeus, scape of the antenne, and forehead, ete., varied
with yellow.
%. Mandibles, orbits, a triangle on the forehead, a line on the
scape of the antenne, yellow; flagellum often ferruginous beneath ;
the hook ferruginous. Margin of prothorax, scutel, a spot under
the wing, and tibix, often yellow.
Ress. a diff.—This species is peculiar in having its first segment
sharply truncate in a right or even more acute angle. It differs
from the O. Boscw and arvensis in its reflexed 2d and 3d abdo-
minal segments, its more sharply truncate Ist segment; in its
more elevated metathoracic post-scutellar eminences, its more
truncate clypeus. .
The type (northern variety) differs from O. Bosczz in its yellow
post-scutel and black scutel.
The Mexican (rufous variety) recalls O. Guerrert and Liurbidt.
It differs from the first in its form and its not bidentate post-
scutel; from the second in its metathorax, superiorly very sharp, |
in the reflexed margin of the 3d segment, the abdomen being
sharply truncate at base, not rounded, ete.
Hab. United States. New York. Louisiana (E. Norton).—
The temperate part of Mexico. I caught 2 ?, 1 %, var., in the
hot part of the province of Mexico, near Cuautta and Cuerna-
cava. Tamaulipasl ?.
bd
sy
nr
ODY NERUS.
** Posterior margin of 2d and 3d abdominal segments not reflexed, but impressed
and rough.
83. O. Boscii Leret.—Medius, rugosus, clypeo late piriformi, dentibus
2 distantibus terminato; O. arvensi simillimus at clypeo minus grosse
punctato, metanoti canthis superioribus acutissimis, crenatis; niger,
rufo et flavo variegatus, sed pronoto sxpius rufo, flavo-marginato,
scutello flavo- vel rufo-bimaculato, post-scutello nigro; abdominis seg-
mentis 9 19-29, % 19-49 flavo-limbatis; primo quandoque ante mar-
ginem rufo.
Odyn. Boscit Leren. St. Farg. Hyménop. II, 637, 22 % (1841).—Saoss.
Vespid.\l, 177, 69;! pl. xvii, fig. 10, 4; III, 231, 9.
Odyn. castigatus Sauss. Vespid. I, 178, 71 (1852).
Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
2. Size, form, and puncturing of the O. arvensis, or a little
less coarsely punctured. Clypeus widely pyriform, punctuate-
striate, terminated by two little separated teeth. Post-scutel
strongly crenulate. Metathorax laterally bidentate; its spini-
form angles situated a little lower than in the species cited; the
posterior plate strongly concave, striate throughout and distinctly
bordered with very sharp and trenchant ridges, above all between
the spiniform angle and the post-scutel; these ridges a little
crenulate and terminating superiorly in a sort of tooth or rather
a crenulate angle separated from the post-scutel by a notch; their
inner face a little rugose, punctured.
Insect densely and rugosely punctured; the metathorax above
very rugose. Abdomen conic; the first segment truncate at base,
at_ a right angle, but the transverse edge rounded, not sharp.
Border of the 2d abdominal segment depressed, coarsely punc-
tured, but not reflexed; those following strongly punctured.
Insect black. Mouth, clypeus, spots behind the eyes, red or
orange ; an are or two spots at the summit of the clypeus, one on
the front, and inner border of the orbits, orange ; articles 1, 2 of
the antenne red or orange, with an obscure line above. Prothorax
red; the anterior border orange; tegule red, spotted with yellow;
spot under the wing orange or red; clypeus black, with some-
what of red and two yellow spots; two orange spots at the summit
‘of the metathorax ; segments 1, 2 of the abdomen bordered with
yellow; the border of the first widened on the sides; this widen-
' In place of Long. = 0.018, read: = 0.012.
256 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.
ing varied with red or often almost entirely red. Legs yellow or
red, with the base of the thighs obscure. Wings of a brown-
reddish, slightly darkened, with some violet reflections (Carolina).
Var. a. Edges of metathorax a little blunted by the rugosities.
b. Prothorax black, slightly bordered with red and very slen-
derly with yellow ; ornaments of the head red ; borders of the abdo-
men narrow. Clypeus black, with a yellow band on the summit.
e. Clypeus black, with two yellow spots.
d. Clypeus black, with two red points (New England). The
yellow and the red take each other’s places and are more or less
developed. Base of legs black.
e. Prothorax black, ornamented with yellow, without red.
f. The 3d segment bordered with yellow.
g. Insect distinctly black and yellow, without red. The orna-
ments of a sharp yellow. Clypeus black, with a yellow arcuate
band on the summit; a yellow line on the scape (New York,
Tennessee).
h. Spots on the scutel very small or none.
%&. Clypeus yellow, but little notched; post-scutel red or
yellow; first abdominal segment red, bordered with yellow.
Segments 3, 4 adorned with a yellow edging.
Ress. a. diff.—This Odynerus differs from the O. dorsalis @
by its wider clypeus, and by the trenchant and elevated ridges
which border the concavity of the metathorax above the spiniform
angle, also by its smaller size, etc. From the O. arvensis by
these same metathoracic ridges, which are more salient and
crenulate, which one may perceive especially in profile; by its
black post-scutel and its scutel spotted with yellow; by its 3d
segment, a little less strongly punctured; its final segments not
bordered with yellow. Nevertheless these two species are allied.
—From the 0. Hidalgi by the absence of the reflexed border of
segments 2, 3, by the black post-scutel, the lst segment not so
acutely truncate, etc.
Hab. The United States, at the South. Florida, 19. South
Carolina, 2 9. Tennessee, 3 9. New York and Connecticut,
3 2 (E. Norton).
The specimens coming from the South are especially marked
with red; those of the north become black and yellow.
Observation.—Lepel de St. Fargeau has described a male, and
I unfortunately possess only females. He was evidently mis-
ODYNERUS. 257
taken in saying that the post-scutel is slightly crenulate ; how-
ever, one finds under this description some variations according
to specimens.
S4. ©. dorsalis! Fasr.—Validus, niger, valde punctatus; clypeo
integro, metanoto postice striato, utrinque dente armato, marginibus
rugosis, obliteratis, nullomodo acutis, canthis ? nullis, % elevatias-
culis ; ore, clypeo, antennarum articulis 1-3, maculis post-ocularibus,
pronoto, scutello, tegulis, rufis ; pronoto medio, post.scutello et abdo-
minis primi segment margine, flavis; margine secundi et tertii rugo-
sissime punctatis:—‘% antennis basi, maculaque subalari rufa; abdo-
minis segmentorum margine 20, 3° flavo, secundo reflexo, subcanali-
culato; pedibus flavis, basi nigris; alis fusco-cyaneis.
Variat a fusco et ferrugineo-variegato ad omnino ferrugineum; primo
segmento flavo-marginato.
Vespa dorsalis Far. Syst. Ent. 367, 25 (1775). Ent. Syst. 265, 44.—
Ouiv. Eneycl. Meth. VI, 685, 81.
Polistes dorsalis Fasr. Syst. Piez., 273, 19.
Rhynchium baltcatum Say, Bost. Journ. I, 1837, 383, 1.—Say’s Entom. Lz
Conte, II,764, 1.
Monobia sylvatica Sauss. Et. Vespid. III, 168.2
Rhynchium Louisianum Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 106, 7; pl. xiii, fig. 93 (1852).
Rhynchium dorsale Sauss. Et. Vespid. II, 171.
Q. Total length, 17 mm.; wing, 14 mm.
*,. Total length, 17 mm.; wing, 12 mm.
2. Large. Clypeus wider than long, but pyriform, terminated
by a truncation or even a little rounded; its surface covered with
quite fine punctures. Mandibles long, hooked; armed in the
middle of their inner border with 3 or 4 oblique teeth, but their
final portion simply cutting, not dentate. Head and thorax
densely cribrose with strong punctures; prothorax retracted
before. Scntel briefly truncate, bearing a crenulate crest, inter-
rupted in the middle. Metathorax very coarsely punctured, very
rugose upon its borders; quite variable according to specimens ;
its hinder plate quite flattened, striate, forming on each side a
dentiform angle (at times blunted); its superior borders some-
times quite trenchant, sometimes effaced, scareely offering tren-
1 Compare Rhynchium dorsale, page 143.
2 Compare page 132, No. 3, most likely a different species.
3 On the inscription upon this plate, in place of: 9. Rh. dimbatum, read :
10. Rh. limbatum; and in place of: 10. RA. Loutisanum, read: 9. Rh. Loutsi-
anum,
17
258 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
chant ridges, but rounded and rugose, rarely elevated so as to be
separated from the post-scutel by a fissure, so that the post-scutel
appears very salient. The concavity striate, its borders rugose.
The superior crest salient or effaced. Abdomen wide, conical ;
the first segment truncate, but rounded, without a ridge; the 2d
segment finely punctured, offering along its posterior margin a
wide rugose band, a little depressed, garnished with coarse punc-
tures; this band a little widened in the middle, but the little
border (the very edge) smooth; following segments strongly
punctured, with the extreme margin smooth. ;
Black Variety.—Insect biack; mouth, clypeus, a spot on the
front, inner border of the orbits, a great spot behind each eye, arti-
cles 1-3 of the antenne, rufous; prothorax, tegulz, scutel, equally
rufous; in the middle of the prothorax a double spot and on the
post-scutel a line or two dots, yellow; first abdominal segment
ornamented with a yellow border widened on the sides. Legs
black, knees, tibize, and tarsi, yellow. Wings of a deep brown
violet.
Var. a. Scutellum black.
b. Border of 2d and 3d abdominal segments brown.
c. Border of 2d and 3d segments narrowly yellow.
d. Clypeus black, spotted with ferruginous. Scutel black, with
two red spots. ,
e. Disk of mesothorax with two hooked rufous macule.
f. The ferruginous more extended; two ferruginous spots on
the mesothorax; scutel and metathorax ferruginous; abdomen
ferruginous with the first two segments notched with black at the
base and their border yellow (Louisiana) (Polistes dorsalis Fabr.
Rh. Louisianum Sauss.).
g. Almost entirely ferruginous, with the border of the first
segment yellow. Legs, mandibles, orbits, varied with orange
(Illinois).
h. The two metathoracic teeth blunted, not very distinct.
Rufous Variety.—The whole insect rufo-ferruginous; scape
beneath, hinder margin of prothorax, tegule, a line on the post-
scutel, border of the lst segment of the abdomen, yellow; feet
mostly yellow, and the flagellum only of the antenne black.—
Mexico.
—a. A spot on the vertex, anterior part of mesothorax, base
of the first two segments of the abdomen black (Tennessee),
ODYNERUS. 959
—b. All the intermediate degrees between the black and the
rufous variety (Illinois, Tennessee).
%. Metathorax less blunted on the latero-superior borders of
the concavity, the superior edges more elevated, forming lines of
salient rugosity, and separated from the post-scutel on each side
by a fissure ; often exhibiting two slightly crenulate salients; the
two lateral teeth very sharp. Abdomen more conical.
A little smaller; clypeus as long as wide, yellow. Mandibles,
inner borders of orbits, spot on the front, and a line on the scape
of the antenne, in general, yellow; hook of the antenne ferru-
ginous. A red spot under the wing. Borders of abdominal
segments 2, 3 adorned with yellow; the 2d reflexed, strongly
channelled; rugosities of these two borders excessively strong.
Wing not so deeply colored as in female.
Var. a. Angles of metathorax red; a little red bordering the
yellow within the black notch of the first segment, especially on
the right and the left.
b. wo yellow dots on the superior face of the metathorax and
two beneath the wings.
c. The whole anterior border of the prothorax red, widely
margined with yellow.
d. Wings transparent. Scutellum black.—Illinois (Walsh).
e. Body more and more rufous.
This species seems to become more rufous as it goes southward.
It is also rather variable in the strength of the punctures.
Ress. a. diff.—The O. dorsalis is remarkable for the inequality
of the metathorax in the different sexes, from whence it results
that the males are well placed in this section, while the females
seem by their effaced ridges to go better into the Divisions B. or
©. The species greatly resembles the O. Boscii and arvensis,
but above all it differs from them by its greater size, by its trun-
cate, not bidentate clypeus, and by its more obscure wings. It
differs from the O. Boscié by the less elevated ridges of the meta-
thorax, and from the arvensis by the more elevated ridges. The
ferruginous individuals resemble the O. Zturbidi. Finally, the
species is clearly different by its maxillary palpi, which are those
of a Rhynchium.
' With the O. dorsalis, the maxillary palpi have the Ist article large;
the 2d and 3d slender and long; the last three quite small. The 3d
260 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART ..
Hab. The United States, especially the South. I possess divers
individuals taken in Pennsylvania (Rathvon), Illinois (Walsh),
Tennessee (Fuchs), Louisiana (Norton), South Carolina (author).
I have taken the red variety in Mexico.
Observation.—I am not entirely certain whether my Monobia
silvatica should be fused into this species or whether it is a true
Monobia, the label of it being uncertain and the palpi having been
found in an imperfect state. The type I cannot examine again.
$5. 0. proctus Cresson.—Pallide ferrugineus ; orbitis, clypeo, margine
\ antico pronoti, scutellis, macula subalari, pedibus partim abdominisque
segmentorum li, 2‘, marginibus, obscure-flavidis; antennis mediis
nigrescentibus ; alis pallide flavescentibus. 9°.
Odyn. Proctus Cresson, Phila. Ent. Proceed. IV, 1865, 159.
Total length, 8.6 lines; expanse of wing, 15 lines.
9. Head dull-ferruginous, dusky above the insertion of each
antenne, around the ocelli and on the occiput; inner orbits of
the eyes, filling up the deep sinus, a small subcordate mark
between the antennx, the clypeus, and most of the mandibles
yellowish; clypeus large, closely punctured, flattened on the disk,
and slightly and obtusely emarginate at tip; mandibles black at
tip; palpi pale ferruginous ; antenne yellowish-ferruginous, the —
scape yellowish beneath. Thorax fusco-ferruginous, closely and
rather deeply punctured, covered with a very short, fine, dull
yellowish, subsericeus pile; broad anterior margin of the pro-
thorax above, continued in a narrow line to the tegule, and a
large spot on each side of the pleura, yellowish; mesothorax
fusco-ferruginous, tinged with blackish on the anterior and poste-
rior margins, the disk, with.two distant, very faint, longitudinal,
ferruginous lines, confluent behind the middle; scutellum and
post-scutellum yellowish, the apical margin of the former blackish,
and the yellowish portion divided down the middle by a faint
fuscous line; metathorax yellow, the. suture between it and the
post-sentellum, as well as a large spot on the apical middle, fusco-
ferruginous; posterior face rather suddenly depressed, with a
small tubercle on each side at the angulation; pleura fuscous
article is not longer than the last two taken together, but yet the species
may be placed in the genus Rhynchium.—Compare what has been said
apropos of the genus Rhynchium, page 142.
\
ODYNERUS. 261
beneath ; tegula dull yellowish, with a ferruginous stain on the
middle. Abdomen oblong ovate, the basal segiment dome-shaped,
obtusely rounded at base, without transverse suture at carina,
distinctly punctured, the remaining segments indistinctly so;
apical margins of all the segments above narrowly yellowish,
almost divided on the disk by a narrow line, those of the second
and third segment broader and dilated on the extreme sides,
especially on the first segment, where there is a rather large
triangular mark; the bands on the remaining segments more or
less emarginate on each side anteriorly ; apical segment with a
large, broad, angular, dull yellowish mark on the middle; beneath
marked as above, except that the apical segment is immaculate,
and the second segment is almost entirely yellowish, with three
ferruginous spots arranged transversely near the apical margin.
Legs deep yellowish, the femora above and at base beneath
pale yellowish and pale ferruginous. Wings deep yellowish-
hyaline, faintly dusky. at tips; nervures honey-yellow.
Var. This species certainly varies much into black, rufous aud
yellow.
Ress. a..diff.—I do not know this species, and I can only copy
the good description of it given by EH. T. Cresson, so that I can
not be perfectly sure it should be placed in this section. It is
very distinct by its enormous size, still larger than O. dorsalis;
being the largest North American Odynerus. It is most likely a
Rhynchium, as well as O. dorsatis. I quite agree with the
presumption of Mr.Cresson, that O. consors may be its male.
Hab. Cuba.
86. O. comsors Cresson.—Niger; puncto frontali, orbitis, clypeo, pro-
noto antice, tegulis, macula subalari, scutellis, metathorace partim,
pedibus, abdominisque segmentorum limbo, flavidis ; abdomine fusco,
segmentis 1° et 30 nigrescentibus ; alis ferruginescentibus apice griseis.
Odyn. consors Cresson, Phila. Ent. Proceed. IV, 1865, 160.
Total length, 7 lin.; expanse of wing, 11 lin
%. Head black, deeply and closely punctured; the orbits, fill-
ing up the sinus in front, a spot between the antenna, dilated
above, clypeus, labrum, and mandibles, except tips, yellow (in
one specimen more or less ferruginous); antenne nearly as long
262 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
as the thorax, terminating in a hook, black, tinged with ferrugi-
nous at base and tips, scape yellowish beneath. Thorax dull
blackish, densely punctured, slightly pubescent; broad anterior
margin of prothorax continued in a narrow line to the tegule,
sometimes interrupted, a large spot beneath the tegule, scutellum,
except its apical margin, and post-scutellum, yellowish, sometimes
tinged with ferruginous; pleura slightly sericeous in certain lights,
with an oblique dull yellowish stain on each side beneath; meta-
thorax mostly yellowish, the extreme sides spotted or sfained with
fuscous, the posterior face deeply and broadly excavated, covered
with fine transverse striz, more or less distinct, and with a large
blackish mark, covering the disk and spreading out on each side
at base; lateral angles prominent and obtuse; tegule yellowish,
with a ferruginous spot on the middle. Abdomen shaped and
marked as in the preceding species, but the general color fuscous,
with the third and sometimes the first segments, except their
apical margins, blackish, and the spot on the terminal segment
above, scarcely defined.
Legs yellow, the femora tinged with ferruginous above. Wings
yellowish-hyaline, more deeply yellowish along the costa; the
apex, especially about the marginal cell, dusky; nervures honey-
yellow.
Hab. Cuba.
This is most probably the male of O. proctus, as E. T. Cresson
supposes. But not having the insects before my eyes, { cannot
safely decide it, nor make one description answer for both.
b. The hinder face of metathorax more fiattened; tts superior edges not
so salient.
* The superior ridges forming two elevated spines behind the post-scutel.
$7. @ scutellaris Savss.—Niger, thorace valde punctato, postice
attenuato; post-scutello acute truncato; metanoti facie postica planata,
valde angulata, utrinque dentata, canthis rectis marginata, supra pone
post-scutellum bispinosa; abdomine gracili, punctato; primo segmento
basi truncato; segmentis sequentibus margine fortius pnnctato ; macula
frontali, post-oculari, pronoti margine, tegulis, macula subalari, seutelli
margine, post-scutello, metanoti dentulis, abdominisque segmentorum
li_4' margine pedibusque, flavis ; alis fusco-ferrugineis, nebulosis.
%,. Clypeo ovato-elongato, flavo, apice breviter bidentato.
Odyn. scutellaris Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 58, 11, 4.
Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
ODYNERWUS. 263
%. Form quite slender, a little depressed as with the Ancistro-
cerus tigris. Thorax slightly prolonged, wide before, retracted
behind. Post-scutel very freely truncate, offering a very sharp,
finely crenulate ridge. Metathorax vertical; its truncation quite
flat, wide, occupying all its width, forming a plate of a very
angulate shape, as with the Ancistrocerus, notched at the
summit by the post-scutel (in the form of a double pentagon or a
double trapezium); this plate, surrounded by small, straight,
little salient ridges, which at their meeting form very sharp angles,
forming thus on each side an angle armed with a tooth; their
superior angles forming two teeth, wholly spiniform, directed
vertically and placed behind the angles of the post-scutel. Abdo-
men slender; tlie first segment quite long and as wide as the 2d,
distinctly truncate at its base and offering on ws anterior face a
trace of a suture. Head and thorax rugosely, abdomen finely
punctured; the border of 2d segment more strongly punctured,
offering, however, but one depressed band, only becoming thinner
as far as the end. Following segment rather strongly punctured.
Insect black, clothed with a tawny or grayish pile; a dot on
the front, another behind each eye, anterior border of prothorax,
tegule, a spot beneath the wing, posterior border of the scutel,
post-scutel, and the four little spiniform teeth of the metathorax,
orange; segments 1-4 of the abdomen bordered with orange;
bordering of the first wide and notched; that of 2d wide and
regular; that of 3d and 4th narrow, often shortened at the sides.
Legs yellow, black at base. Wings washed with ferruginous.
%. Clypeus ovoid, notably wider than long, a little notched
and bidentate, yellow. Mandibles spotted with yellow. On each
side of the frontal spot. a place of golden hair. Antenne long
and thick, black, with a terminal ferruginous hook; scape very
short, yellow beneath. Fifth segment ornamented with a yellow
incomplete border. Legs yellow; thighs varied with brown.
2. Unknown.
fess. a. diff.—This species described simply from one male, is
necessarily incompletely characterized, but it is very easy to
recognize, from the form of the metathorax, of which the poly-
gonal and flattened plate recalls those of the true Ancistrocerus,
but with this difference, that it is still more angular, the latero-
superior ridges not being arcuate. Despite the vestige of a
suture of the first segment, this Odynerns incontestably appertains
264 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 3.
to the true Odynerus, considering the form of the lateral angles
of the metathorax and the presence of the post-seutellar teeth.
It resembles them more in the strongly punctured border of the
2d and following segments.
This species has the thorax built up upon another system from
the O. Boscii and its neighbors; it is less excavated; the superior
ridges are more convergent and the teeth which terminate them
at the summit are spiniform and almost applied to the post-scutel.
Compare with the O. spinifer, which presents similar characters
(Divis. Stenodynerus).
Hab. California (Berton).
** The superior edges of metathorax very slight, only forming behind the post-seutel
two very small teeth.
88. ©. Cordovwee Sauss.—Niger, sericeus; capite et thorace rugose
punctatis; post-scutello crenulato; metanoto utrinque obtuse subangu-
lato, foveola subplanata, superne acutiuscule marginata; abdomine
ovato-conico, segmentorum 2-5 margine crassiuscule punctato; clypeo
summo, scapo subtus, capitis et pleuraram maculis, pronoti margini-
bus, tegulis, punctis 2 scutelli; post-scutello, metanoti angulis, abdo-
minis segmentorum 2-5 margine, primi utrinque macula, ano, tibiis
tarsisque, flavis; alis subferrugineis apice griseis. Q.
Odyn. Cordove Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 58 10, Q.
Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
°. Head and thorax densely and roughly punctate. Forehead
a little suleate. Prothorax having its anterior margin convex,
reflexed, subangulate ; post-scutel crenulate. Metathorax very
coarsely punctured above, rather flattened behind; its convexity
not deep, strigose, not margined, except superiorly, where there
exists a little oblique ridge, produced by the rugosities, forming
a little tooth behind the post-scutel; this is separated from the
post-scutel by a sort of fissure. Lateral angles of metathorax
distinct, but blunt. Abdomen ovate-conical, truncate at base,
smooth and sericeous. Second segment very finely punctured ;
its margin and the following segments strongly punctured.
Black; mandibles rufous; scape beneath, frontal, ocular, and
post-ocular macula, yellow. Anterior and posterior margins of
prothorax, a spot under the wing, tegulx, two spots or the scutel,
post-scutel, and angles of metathorax yellow; segments 2-5 of
the abdomen regularly and rather widely margined with yellow;
ODYNERUS. 265
the first having on each side a lateral emarginate yellow spot.
Anus, knees, tibie, and tarsi, and a spot on the intermediate
coxe, yellow. ‘The yellow ornaments rather orange-yellow.
Wings ferruginous at the base, smoky at the extremity.
Var.? The first abdominal segment narrowly margined.
2. Clypeus broad, a little bidentate at tip, strigate punctate,
black, with a yellow are on the summit, and two rufous lines
over the teeth.
fess. a. diff.—Resembles O. nasidens, diabolicus, argentinus,
and neighbors, but the abdomen is not so conical, the first seg-
ment not so broad, the body not velutinous as in the first, the
metathorax not spined as in dzabolicus, the thorax not so square,
short, and ‘wide as in argentinus, the head concave behind, the
prothorax rather convex anteriorly. It has also something of
the hook of O. La Platx, but the metathorax is not so margined
superiorly by arched ridges. In its livery it differs from all of
these. This recalls more O. zonatus, which differs from it in the
same characters as O. La Platx, etc.—Comp. O. formosus.
Hab. Mexico. The Cordillera of Cordova (1 9, Sumichrast).
B. Meltathorax as in Section A, but the superior edges of its
hinder plate not so much elevated, no longer forming, in the
Jemales, distinct teeth behind the post-scutel, nor even eleva-
tions separated from post-sculel by two fissures. Ils edges
still rather distinct, linear.
a. Metathorax excavated; edges straight.
$9. ©. Iturbidi Savss. (Fig. 15, 15a.)—Validus, valde punctatus;
post-scutello crenulato, metanoto perrugoso, utrinque angulato, margi-
nibus superis rugosis, canthis obliteratis, vix perspicuis; abdominis
secundi segmenti margine profunde canaliculato, et valde rugoso.
Caput et thorax nigra; ore, clypeo, orbitis partim, macula frontali,
antennarum articulis 1-4, pronoto, macula subalari, scutellis, tegulis,
metanoti angulis pedibusque, ferrugineis; abdomine ferrugineo, seg-
mentis ochraceo-marginatis; primo et secundo basi incisura nigra; alis
ferrugineis.
*. Clypeo polygonali, truncato, integro; frequenter flavo.
Odyn. Iturbidi Sauss. Rev. Zool. IX, 1857, 276, %.
Total length, 15 mm.; wing, 12 mm.
Size and form of O. Bosct?. Head and thorax eribrose with
coarse punctures. Post-scutel strongly crenulate. Metathorax
266 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
very rugose, its posterior face concave and striate; its borders
not trenchant but coarsely punctured, rugose, and forming on
each side a dentiform angle rather than a tooth; its superior
ridges hardly indicated, especially upon the summit, where they
describe on each side a little arc, but without being at all termi-
nated by a pyramidal point. Abdomen silky; the lst segment
bell-shaped, not being abruptly terminated anteriorly, but rounded,
so that its anterior and superior faces are not separated by a ridge.
Second segment short, having its border very strongly canali-
culate, a little reflexed and very coarsely punctured; the canal
rugose, and slightly widened: angularly in the middle. Margin
of the following segment very coarsely punctured, but not cana-
liculate.
Head black. Clypeus, mouth, and border of the orbits, ferru-
ginous. Antenne black, with the first three articles ferruginous.
Between their insertion a ferruginous triangle. Thorax black.
Prothorax, a spot under the wing, tegule, scutelli, angles of
metathorax, and legs, ferruginous. Abdomen ferruginous; all the
segments bordered with obscure yellow; the Ist and 2d having a
little of black at their base; this color profoundly notched with
ferruginous, and forming on the 2d segment a triangle, and on
the Ist a lengthened spot in the form of a bottle, or variable.
These colors are in fact quite variable; in certain specimens one
sees some yellow appear on the clypeus, on the border of pro-
thorax, on the post-scutel, and on the tibiz ; among other things,
the abdominal segments hardly offer a yellow cloud. Wings fer-
ruginous.
%. Clypeus polygonal, as wide as long, truncate, not biden-
tate, ferruginous. Hook of the antennz ferruginous.
2Var. The ferruginous parts of a pale red. Clypeus, mouth,
frontal spot, a line on the scape of the antenne, yellow. Ridges
of metathorax a little less effaced; the canal of the border of 2d
segment very wide and shallow. (Mesothorax offering two
laterai red spots a little before the tegule. Articles 2 and 8 of
the maxillary palpi slender.) Cordova.
The maxillary palpi of this Odynerus have their last three
articles small, but not small enough to cause it to be placed in
the genus Rhynchium, to which it bears, in fact, a resemblance.
_ Ress. a, diff.—It is very near to the O. Guerreri and Hidalgi
ODYNERUS. 267
Mexican var. (See the description of these species.) In coiors
it wholly resembles the Ancistrocerus tuberculiceps.
It has a greater relation in form to the O. arvensis, but it is a
little larger, and it differs from it by the border of the 2d segment,
which is not only depressed, but very subcanaliculate; and by
the clypeus & which is entire, not bidentate, but rather rounded
on its anterior border.
Finally, it differs from the O. dorsalis % by its wings, which
are not violet; by the border of the 2d segment, which is not as
distinctly reflexed as in the O. dorsalis, and by the summit of
the metathorax, which does not offer post-scutellar crenuiate
eminences. ‘The palpi are also a little more slender.
Hab. The hot parts of Mexico. I have taken 4 % of this
species in the valley of Mextitlan, and the var. in Cordova.
90. O. bidems Sauss. (Fig. 14, 14a.)—Validus, niger, nitidus ; meta-
noto postice late excavato, acute marginato, bidentato; clypeo 9 4%
apice truncato, haud bidentato; abdomine conico, sparse punctato,
margine segmentorum 2i-5! densius punctato; pronotiet metanoti macu-
lis 2, post-scutello abdominisque primo segmento superne, albidis ; alis
fusco-cyaneis.
*. Clypeo albido, puncto mandibularum, scapi et frontis, maculisque 2
transversis in secundi abdominis segmenti basi, albidis ; pedibus albido-
variis.
Odyn. bidens Sauss. Rev. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 58, 12.
Total length, 20 mm.; wing, 17 mm.
®. A large species. Clypeus covered with separated points;
its extremity abruptly truncate, not bidentate, and without
depression. Head large, swelled at the vertex, shining, and
covered with separated punctures. Thorax long, square, shin-
ing, finely punctured; prothorax hardly reflexed, not angulate,
slightly retracted before; mesothorax marked with four grooves;
post-scutel bent, transverse, joining in the truncation of the meta-
thorax, but not crenulate. Metathorax presenting a great striate
concavity, which occupies the ‘whole width, bounded by very
sharp ridges, which are separated from the post-scutel by a groove,
and form on each side a dentiform lateral angle. Abdomen quite
conical, the first segment wide, truncate before; the 2d quite long;
its border carrying a wide, not very strong band of punctures;
this band not channelled, but flat, as if planed; following seg:
ments punctured, with a similar band.
268 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
Insect of a shining black, clothed with a fine grayish pile; a
spot behind each eye, two great spots on the prothorax, two on
the metathorax, post-scutel, and the superior face of the first
abdominal segment, of a whitish yellow (the band of the first seg-
ment often notched with black); wings of a deep violet-brown.
%. Thorax more strongly cribrose. Clypeus white, wider than
long, polygonal; its inferior border straight truncate, not biden-
tate, finely bordered with black, a spot on each mandible, a mark
on the front, another on the scape of each antenna, a dot under
the wing, whitish. Antenne terminated by a brown hook, a little
rolled at the end. -Second abdominal segment adorned on each
side near its base with a transverse whitish spot. Haunches,
tibie, and knees spotted with white. First abdominal segment
wholly white above.
Ress. a. diff.—This Odynerus astonishingly resembles the
Monobia quadridens, and it is rare to find two as distinct species
which offer so close a likeness. The O. bidens differs from the
Monobia quadridens, by its maxillary palpi composed of six
articles,! and its labial palpi of four distinct articles; the fourth
being articulate; by its clypeus, which is abruptly truncate in
both sexes, and neither a little notched nor bidentate, and which’
is not excavated at the extremity with the female; by the post-
scutel, more truncate, not bimammelonate, and by the very dis-
tinctly punctured flat band of the 2d segment; by the white spots
of the metathorax (a character probably of little stability).
The OQ. 4-sectus has a livery similar to the O. bidens, but it
possesses neither the metathoracic teeth, nor the sharp lateral
ridges.
Hab. The southern United States. 1 2 from Florida (E.
Norton); a % from Tennessee (KE. Falconet, Freudenreich).
Observation.—As this description is based solely on one indi-
vidual of each sex, it may not apply to all specimens brought from
localities distant from each other. It is probable that the male
does not always offer the*very singular lateral spots of the 2d
segment.
b. Metathorax more flattened; the superior edges roughened, not acute.
91. O. AlWaradi Savss.—Niger, velutinus, confertim punctatus ;
abdomine conico, aureo-sericeo, marginibus crasse punctatis ; metanoti
1 The maxillary palpi have here the ordinary form which they assume
among the Odyneri; the articles 2, 3 are not slender; the 6th is lengthened.
ODYNERWUS. 269
marginibus hebetatis at supra tenuiter prominulis, a post-scutello per
emarginationem sejunctis; capitis maculis, linea in scape, pronoti mar-
gine postico, post-scutello, tegulis, macula prealari et puncto utringue
ractanoti summi, margineque regulari segmentorum omnium abdoiminis,
fulvo-ochraceis; tibiis et tarsis ferrugineis ; alis ferrugineis; 92 clypeo
late piriformi, nigro vel superne fascia fulva; ©% late truncato, bidentato,
fulvo-tlavescente. .
Odyn. Alvarado Sauss. Rev. de Zool. 1X, 1857, 276.
®. Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
*%,. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8.5 mm.
Size moderate. Clypeus 2 wide, terminated by a little truncate
or bituberculate point; cribrose with strong punctures. Head
and thorax rugosely punctured. Post-scutel very short, truncate,
crenulate. Metathorax very rugose above; the strie specially
distinct in the inferior moiety, the superior moiety being more
smooth and punctured; the inferior moiety forming a fossette,
separate and slightly margined superiorly. Lateral border of
the concavity rounded, not at all trenchant, the latero-superior
parts coarsely punctured, rugose; nevertheless one sees on each
side a little spiniform angle directed laterally and on the summit
a trace of an arcuate ridge, placed a little within, especially among
the males; superior angles $ forming two salients, rugose and
blunted, separated from the post-scutel by a notch. Abdomen
conical, like satin, with golden reflections, having the border of
all the segments, save the first, quite strongly punctured; but the
punctured band of the second quite wide and slightly impressed.
Insect black, clothed with tawny hair. Two spots on the
summit of the clypeus, another behind each eye, a dot on the
front, and a line under the scape of the antenne, tawny. The
summit of the clypeus is often entirely of this color, as well as
the inner border of the orbits. Posterior margin of the prothorax,
wing seales, a dot before the wing, post-scutel, and a dot on each
side, on the summit of the metathorax, ferruginous or tawny.
All the segments of the abdomen regularly bordered with yellow-
tawny; the first more narrowly than the second. Legs black;
tibie and tarsi ferruginous. Wings washed with ferruginous, a
little grayish at the end,
%. Clypeus as long as wide; its inferior margin widely trun-
eate and armed with two little teeth separated by a wide straight
border, in the middle of which is often a third indistinct salient.
270 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
Clypeus, a line on the mandibles, and the line on the scape of
the antenne, of a pale tawny.
Var. No spots on the front nor on the metathorax.
ess. a. diff—This Odynerus is easily recognized by its livery
and its velvety aspect.
It differs from the O. Guerrerz by its conical abdomen and by
the superior salients of the metathorax; from the O. foraminatus,
by its metathoracie concavity, not nearly so well limited, and by
the salients of the superior angles, which are not sharp, but rugose,
obtuse, and separated from the post-scutel, not by a little fissure,
but by a wide notch. By its livery it recalls the O. otomztus,
which is near to it, but differs in its conical, sessile abdomen,
having the first segment wide and truncate, in its great size, etc.
Hab. The hot and temperate parts of Mexico. (I caught 4 3,
2 2 in the valley of Mexlitlan.)
s
C. Hinder plate of metathorax no longer margined superiorly
by sharp edges; the superior edges blunted and effaced by
the rugosities of the latero-superior faces, which continue
over the edges down on to the posterior face, and lose them-
selves in its concavity, instead of being separated from the
hinder face by the sharp edges. (Lateral angles stil
existing.)
92. ©. arvensis Sauss. (Fig. 16, 16a.)—Medius, niger, grosse punc-
tatus; O. dorsali simillimus at mivor; ore, macula frontali et post-
oculari scapoque subtus, rufis vel flavis; pronoti margine, post-seutello,
maculis,2 metanoti abdominisque segmentis 10-30 vel 10-49 ‘fiavo-
limbatis, 20-49 crassissime punctatis ; primi margine utrinque aucto et
rufo-vario, pedibus flavis, basi nigris, alis fumosis.
Q. Clypeo valde latiore quam longiore, truncato, grosse punctato, nigro
vel rufo; superne fascia flava.
*,. Clypeo polygonali paulo latiore quam longiore, flavo, truncato, apice
dentulis 2 distantibus instructo.
Odyn. arvensis Sauss. Rev. de Zool. XXI, 1869.
?. Total length, 14,12 mm.; wing, 11, 5-9 mm. °
*%,. Total length, 12, 5-9 mm.; wing, 9-7 mm.
2. Form rather near to that of O. Bosciti, but smailer. The
abdomen a little more conical; the 2d segment shorter and
more coarsely punctured; its inferior border a little lamellate
ODYNERUS, pag!
and truncate, but often appearing slightly bidentate. Thorax
widened before, retracted little or none. Post-scutel crenulate.
Metathorax very coarsely rugose; its concavity striate, but
eribrose in its superior moiety from the punctures which continue
with those of the superior face; the latero-superior ridges blunted,
effaced; on each side a dentiform angle at the meeting of the
lateral and inferior ridges. First abdominal segment silky,
smooth, truncate, and a little rounded at the base; the 2d short,
densely punctured; its posterior border offering a wide depressed
zone, widened in the middle, very coarsely cribrose, as well as
the following segments; at times a little channelled, but the
border not turned up.
Insect black. Mouth red, with a yellow spot at the base of
the mandibles; superior moiety of the clypeus yellow or red;
inner border of orbits and a spot behind each eye, red or yellow;
scape of the antenne red, with a black line above; a spot on the
front, yellow or red. Anterior border of prothorax yellow, often
followed with red; tegule yellow or red, post-scutel and a spot
on each side of metathorax above, vellow; segments 1—4 of the
abdomen regularly bordered with yellow; the first having its
border on each side widened or confounded with a spot or oblique
band, yellow surrounded with red, which leave above a black
trilobed or square notch; often of red on each side or bordered
with yellow. Legs yellow, black at the base. Wings smoky or
a little reddened with a light violet reflection.
Var. a. Clypeus red, with a yellow band on the summit.
b. No red on Ist abdominal segment.
c. Two yellow or red dots on the scutellum (Tennessee).
d. Prothorax red, bordered with yellow (Missouri).
The crest of the post-scutel varies; sometimes finely crenulate
and continuous, sometimes dentate and notched in the middle.
%. A little smaller. Clypeus polygonal, yellow, wider than
long, truncate on its anterior border, offering a very small tooth
on each extremity of this border; its apical margin a little pro-
longed, so that the polygon is not regular, the inferior borders
forming thus a larger are than the superior; hook of the antenne
black or ferruginous; mandibles and ornaments of the head yel-
low or orange; a red dot on the flanks before the tegule ; often
the posterior border of the prothorax red and a little of red about
the scutels; latero-superior borders of the concavity of the
272 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
metathorax very rugose, coarsely cribrose. Fifth segment often
bordered with yellow. With the male especially, the fossette of
the metathorax does not reach the lateral borders, but is sepa-
rated from them on each side by a band hunched and cribrose with
great pits; the superior ridges are often quite well defined.
In this species the yellow is clear; often almost orange.
The red, the black, and the yellow are susceptible of changing
places in the varieties.
Ress. a. diff.—This species greatly recalls the O. dorsalis and
differs from it by tls clypeus 2 much wider than long and more
grossly punctured; by the clypeus % wider than long, not pro-
longed at its anterior extremity, and finely bidentate; by its
smaller size; by its less obscure wings; by its metathorax less
widely concave, becoming rounded and convex on the sides of
the posterior plate, while, as with the O. dorsalis, the concavity
occupies the whole width; the % differs by the absence of pyra-
midal post-scutellar eminences formed by the superior termination
of the ridges of the metathorax, and which exist in the dorsdlis
%. It has greater relationship to the O. Boscit and Hidalgi. It
differs from this last by its blunted metathoracic borders, without
salient ridges; by the border of segments 2d, 3d, which is im-
pressed, rugose, but not turned up; from tlie first by the scutellum
without spots; by the shorter 2d segment; the 3d and 4th more
coarsely punctured ; the 4th and 5th without any vellow border.
Hab.. The United States, particularly the south. I possess
some individuals from Tennessee, some also from Kansas, from
Illinois (Kennicott), and from New York (E. Norton), 7 2, 10%."
93. G. ammectems Savuss.—Validus, niger, fulvo-pilosus, clypeo piri-
formi flave 4 maculato, apice emarginato; orbitis partim, pronoti margine
antico, tegulis, punctis 2 scutelli, 2 metanoti, tibiis et tarsis, flavis;
abdominis segmentis, 10 superne flavo, nigro-emarginato, 2‘, 3' margine,
crassissime punctato, anguste flavo-limbato;: alis nigro-violaceis. 9.
Odyn. annectens Sauss. Rev. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 59, 14, Q.
Total length, 17 mm.; wing, 15 mm.
The following description applies to an insect which seems to
indicate a species different from O. dorsalis, but is certainly very
embarrassing by its similarity.
2. Size and form of O. dorsalis ; the same sculpture, but not
quite so rough. Clypeus pyriform, more prolonged than in O.
ODYNERUS. DE
dorsalis; its apical margin emarginate, concave. Metathorax
perhaps a little more depressed, without any superior ridges; its
lateral angles very pronounced, compressed horizontally. first
abdominal segment shorter than in O. dorsalis; the second rather
velutinous, scarcely punctate, its margin more coarsely punctate
(the punctures being rather holes), but not so- evidently canali-
culate as in O. dorsalis.
Insect black, with fulvous, velvety hair. Aper of mandibles
and base of scape beneath, ferruginous. A spot on base of the
mandibles, an ovate mark on both sides of the clypeus, and two
others near the apex, inner orbits of the eyes and a line behind
them, two triangular macule, forming the anterior border of
prothorax, tegule except their base, two spots on scutellum and
two on mesothorax, yellow; 1st abdominal segment yellow above
with a trilobate black emargination; a narrow border of segments
20. 3d, of the same, yellow. Knees, tibie, and tarsi, yellow.
Wings dark fusco-violaceous. The mandibles and palpi are
formed as in O. dorsalis. |
Hab. United States (Florida, 1 9, E. Norton).
94. O. ammullatus Say.—0O. arvensi affinis, 9 gracilior, % capite
majore, valde punctatus, secundo abdominis segmento dense punctato,
margine impresso, crasse punctato. Niger vel ferrugineus, mesonoto et
abdominis segmentis 3-6 nigris; tegulis, pedibusque rufis; pronoti et
abdominis segmentorum margine, post-scutello metanoti marginibus,
subfureis; primo abd. segmento utrinque rufo et flavo ornato; alis
nebulosis: —Q. Scapo, clypeo, frontis maculis, rufis.—Vuriat clypei
fascia nigra, macula subalari maculisque 2 secundi segmenti, rufis vel
flavis.— % . Clypeo polygonali; fronte, scutellis, maeula subalari flavis.
Odyn. annulatus Say, Long’s Sec. Exp. Append. 29 (II, 348).—Say’s
Ent. (Le Conte), I, 235.—Sauss. Et. Vesp. I, 252.—Cresson, Amer.
Ent. Trans. I, 1867, 380, 21.
Rhynchium annulatum Say, Bost. Journ. I, 1837, 351, 4.—Say’s Ent. (Le
Conte), II, 765, 3.—Savss. Et. Vesp. III, 184.
Odyn. Bairdi Sauss. Revue Zool. X, 1858, %.
| ©. Total length, 15 mm.; wing, 12 mm.
*%. Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
2. Rather slender, densely and coarsely punctate. Clypeus
broadly pyriform, strigate punctate, terminating in two approxi-
mate little teeth, separated by a small lamellar edge. Thorax
Subelongate. Post-scutel truncate, very tenuously crenulate.
18
2714 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
Metathorax vertically truncate; concave, but its margins not
ridged, the edges being quite blunted by the dense punctuation.
Abdomen subconical, rather slender. The first segment smooth
and silky ; the second very short, densely punctate everywhere,
but its posterior margin having a broad excavated band of very
coarse punctures ; segments 3-4 very coarsely punctured.
Black; mandibles, clypeus, scape of the antenne, a frontal
mark, and a large spot behind the eyes, rufous. Clypeus often
with a transverse black line or with three black spots in a trans-
verse line. Anterior margin of prothorax broadly, the posterior
narrowly rufous, or partly sulphur-yellow; tegule yellow and
rufous, often a yellow spot under the wing; post-scutel yellow ;
lateral margins of metathorax rufous or yellow. Abdomen having
its first four segments margined with yellow; this color often pre-
ceded. by a little of rufous. First segment black in middle ; its
sides rufous, with a yellow spot fused with the yellow band.
Second segment often adorned with two separate rufous spots. ~
Legs ferruginous; coxe blackish. Wings grayish ferruginous,
a little clouded or sometimes even with violet iridescence.
Rufous Variety.—Head rufous, except the vertex. Prothorax
and feet rufous. Scutels yellow, or rufous, tinged with yellow;
mesothorax black, with a rufous spot; metathorax rufous, marked
with yellow. First and second abdominal segments rufous,
margined with yellow; the second with two yellow macule; 3-5
segments rufous, margined with yellow; 6th rufous. Wings
clouded (Kansas, New Mexico). .
Various Varielies.—This is quite a variable species, the three |
colors interchanging, which gives numerous combinations. The
seape is more or less obscure above. The spots on the clypeus,
under the wing, on the second segment, are often wanting, etc.
The yellow ornaments are of a pale sulphur-yellow.
I consider, as the male of this species, specimens from Texas
and Louisiana, which last constitutes a still more rufous variety.
%. Head large, wider than high, rufous, with black vertex.
Clypeus broader than high, regularly octagonal; its anterior
margin straight, having two insensible, distant teeth at its
extremity. Mandibles, clypeus, a triangle on the forehead and
sinus of the eyes, a line on the scape, bright yellow; hook of
Nh te a ee
ODYNERUS. 275
the-antenne and flagellum beneath rather ferruginous; macule
behind the eyes, orange. Thorax shorter, more cubical. Pro-
thorax rufous margined with yellow anteriorly. Post-scutel and
angles of metathorax yellow. First abdominal segment rufous
above, surrounded with yellow; the mandible often black. Second
segment having its marginal impressed band much impressed and
broad; segments 1-5 margined with yellow. Coxe and feet
adorned with yellow (Louisiana).
Texan Variety.—Prothorax, scutels, metathorax, feet, segments -
1, 2 of the abdomen, rufous. Disk of mesothorax rufous on each
side. Border of prothorax, a dot under the wing, two spots on
the tegule, scutel, post-scutel, edges of segments 1-6, bright
yellow; the first segment having on each side a yellow spot
smelted with the marginal fascia (Texas).
Mexican. Variety ?.—Smaller. Length, 13 mm.; wing, 10.5 mm.
2. Black; mandibles, scape of the antenne, forehead and the
parts behind the eyes, prothorax, a lateral spot, tegule, two
macule on disk of mesothorax, scutel, feet, and coxex, rufous.
Post-scutel yellow. Angles of metathorax rufous and yellow;
abdomen rufous; first and second segment with a black portion
in the middle and at base; all the segments margined with
yellow; the first band fused on each side with a lateral square
yellow spot, and the 2d segment having on each side a yellow
spot, either free or confounded with the margin. Anus yellow.
‘Wings washed with fuseous, with a golden, rather violet reflee-
tion; the radius ferruginous. The metathorax, although forming
two lateral angles, is not toothed; the superior part of its poste-
rior face is not margined on each side by an oblique ridge.
Var. Of course the ferruginous varies into yellow and vice
versd, and the black is more or less developed.
Ress. a. diff.—This species resembles O. arvensis, but it is
more slender 2; the male has also a more transverse, very regular
polygonal clypeus, while in a7vensts it is more prolonged at its
extremity; in the female, the clypeus is on the contrary narrower
than in arvensis. The post-scutel is not as strongly but quite
delicately crenulate. The metathorax is not so sharp, and it has
altogether another appearance. It approaches quite closely to
pratensis, has the same look, but differs: by its 2d abd. segment
not smooth, but densely and strongly punctured throughout; by
276 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA, [PART 1.
its rather bidentate metathorax; by its clypeus ? flattened, not
so convex, % shorter, not more prolonged below than above.
In the Mexican variety, the form is much as in O. Cordove,
but it is larger; the clypeus 2 a little produced at its apical end;
head and thorax very coarsely shagreened; the second segment
of the abdomen shorter, its margin having its coarsely punctured
band impressed and widened in the middle.—This var. differs
from O. formosus by its larger size, its clypeus more prolonged
at tip, metathorax not bidentate, and darker wings; from O.
Hidalgi and Jturbidi by its smaller size and metathorax not
acutely margined superiorly.
Hab. The prairies from Missouri to Texas and New Mexico.
Mexican Cordillera (the variety) 5 9, 2%.
95. O. crypticus Say.—Rufus; abdomine flavo-trifasciato; alis in-
fuscatis. |
Odyn. crypticus Say, West. Quarterly Reporter, II, 1, 1823, 80.—Say’s
Entom. (LE Conte), I, 168.
Rhygchium crypticum Say, Bost. Journ. I, 1837, 384, 3.—Say’s Entom.
(LE Conte), 765, 3.—Sauvss. Et. Vespid. III, 184.
Total length, 5 lines.
Body rufous, much punctured; vertex and origin of the
antenne, black; antenne dusky at tip; thorax with a black spot
before the middle; scutel bilobate, with a longitudinal, deeply
impressed line; metathorax concave; wings dusky, paler at tip;
tergum With three yellow bands, the anterior one smallest and
subconcealed. |
Hab, Arkansas.
This is most likely a pale variety of O. annulatus.
96. 0. sulfureus Sauss. (Fig. 18, 18a.)— 9 O. arvensi simillimns, at
metanato minus excarato; niger, sulfureo-multipictus ; ore, clypeo et
facie sulfureis; oculis flavo-, supra rufo-marginatis ; antennis fuscis,
scapo rufo; pronoto flavo, angulis posticis rufis ; scutello flavo-bimacu-
lato; post-scutello, tegulis maculis pleurarum et metanoti angulis,
sulfureis, abdomine sulfureo, segmentis 1°, 20 basi et in medio nigro-
signatis ; pedibus ferrugineo et sulfureo pictis ; alis ferrugineo-griseis. Q.
Odyn. sulfureus Sauss. Revue de Zool. X, 1858, 170, 9.
Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 9 mm.
ODYNERUS. 271
Thorax much shagreened ; post-scutel finely crenulate. Meta-
thorax forming two lateral angles, its excavation only occupying
the middle, rounded, strigose; the rest shagreened, strongly
punctured, rounded, without sharp edges. Abdomen conical,
scarcely contracted at base, truncate anteriorly, but without a
sharp ridge, rounded at base. Second segment densely punc-
tured; its margin having a wide impressed band, cribrose with
coarse punctures; the following segments similarly cribrose.
Black: mandibles, clypeus, forehead, and orbits, sulphur-yel-
low; the upper part of orbits black or brown-rufous; frontal sulci
black. Antenne blackish;.the first segment yellowish or rufous
obscure above. Pronotum widely marginate with yellow; its
posterior angles rufous or black; a spot and various marks under
the wing, tegule, two spots on the scutel and sides of metathorax,
yellow. Abdomen almost wholly sulphur-yellow; the base of
first segment black or brown on its anterior face, with a black
pyriform notch on the superior face; the 2d having at its base a
black macula, constricted in the middle; the following segments
twice notched with black or brown. The coarse punctures of the
margins having their ground-color brown. Anus ferruginous or
yellow. Feet yellow and ferruginous. Wings tinged with ferru-
ginous, cloudy at the apex.—@. Clypeus broad, pyriform, wider
than long, its apex a little produced, truncate, biangulate.
Var. The black part of the body brown or rufous.
Probable Variety.—The yellow ornaments not so much ex-
tended; segments 1, 2 black, with a wide sulphur margin, widened
on the sides; the 2d with two lateral triangular macule, as in
O. blandus.
Ress. a. diff.—It has quite the form of O. arvensis; the meta-
thorax is a little more flattened, principally on the sides of the
excavation, which is a little narrower. It differs from O. cingu-
latus in its livery; these species are much the same in their forms.
—lIt differs from O. pratensis by its biangulate metathorax. In
the livery it resembles O. blandus, but is very distinct by its not
angulate metathorax, its not crenulate post-scutel, its smaller and
strongly punctured first abdominal segment, its narrower clypeus
and its small size.
Hab, California (2 Berton).
278 . HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
97. ©. formosus Savuss.—O. Cordove conformis, at metathorace dis-
tincte bidentato; abdomine magis conico; niger, mandibulis, clypeo,
Scapo, capitis maculis, fulvis; pronoto, tegulis, macula subalari, maculis
2 scutelli, post-scutello, metanoti angulis, abdominis segmentorum
marginibus (primi limbo utringue cum fascia obliqua conjuncta), pedi-
busque, flavis vel aurantio-variis; alis subferrugineis, apice griseis.
Odyn. formosus Sauss. Rev. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 59, 15, 9.
Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
°. Size and form nearly as in O. Cordove, but the metathorax
has its angles on each side produced into a distinet tooth; the
cavity not at all limited, not margined superiorly on each side’
by a little oblique ridge; the abdomen quite conical, the first
segment as broad as the second, and more sharply truncate at
base; the punctured marginal band of the 2d segment decidedly
impressed, a little widened in the middle.
Black ; mandibles and feet rufous or orange. Clypeus, frontal,
ocular and post-ocular macule, yellow or rufous. Antenne
black ; scape yellow, a little obscure above. Prothorax, a spot
under the wing, tegule, two spots on the scutel, post-scutel,
angles of metathorax, and margin of all the abdominal segments,
yellow or rather orange; the fascia wide; that of the first seg-
ment fusing into two oblique lateral bands, which make nearly
an anterior interrupted fascia, sometimes rufous. Anus rufous
or yellow. Wings rather ferruginous; the apex clouded.
- Var. A.black spot on the posterior angles of prothorax.—A
yellow fascia on scutel.
Ress. a. diff.—This does not seem to be a variety of O. Cor-
dove. It has the same livery as O. Boscii, turpis, molestus,
but a quite differently shaped metathorax; it is also smaller and
more slender, nearly one-half smaller than the first. It resembles
O. sulfureus, but its livery is not so rich nor so pale; the clypeus
is not so much produced, the size smaller. It is allied closely
also to O. annulatus, although smaller and with a metathorax
not so much flattened behind. Comp. also O. annulatus (Mexi-
can variety).
Hab. The temperate parts of Mexico. Oriental Cordillera 4
Q (Sumichrast).
98. O. spectabilis Savss.—Niger, gracilis; capite, thorace abdomi-
nisque segmentorum 2i-5' margine dense punctatis; metanoto rotun-
dato, utrinqgue valde angulato; abdomine subconico; clypeo, antennis
ODYNERUS. 279
basi, capitis maculis, thoracis margine antico late, macula subalari,
tegulis, scutellis, metathorace utringue, abdominis segmentorum mar-
ginibus, ano pedibusque, flavo-aurantiis, fascia 1' segmenti utringue
aucta °.
Odyn. spectabilis SAUSS. Revue de Zool. XXII, 1870, 60, 18, ge
Total length, 9 mm.; wings, 7 mm.
Slender. Head and thorax rather coarsely and densely sha-
greened. Thorax square. Post-scutel crenulate, metathorax
rather flattened behind, forming on each side a strong, acute
angle looking outward, which makes the posterior part of thorax
square, thé middle of the hinder face a little excavated, rather
rugose, but the cavity not margined; the rest quite rugosely
punctured, reticulate. Abdomen nearly conical, smooth, silky;
the 2d segment finely punctured, but its margin and those follow-
ing strongly punctured.
Black. Antenne black-ferruginous, with the first three joints
ferruginous. Mandibles rufous. Clypeus, a frontal triangle, an
ocular and post-ocular large macula, prothorax anteriorly, spot
under the wing, tegule, scutel, post-scutel, angles of mesothorax
and margin of all the abdominal segments, yellow, rather orange ;
the yellow margin of Ist segment fused with two large, lateral
angular yellow macule; anus, feet, even the coxe, orange-yellow.
Wings washed with ferruginous; the radial cell cloudy.
2. Clypeus wide, rather lozenge-shaped, with its apex truncate,
biangulate. |
Var. The last abdominal segments rufous.
Ress. a. diff.—Recalls the O. bacuensis by its appearance, but
is very distinct by its broad clypeus 2, its crenulate post-scutel,
angulate metathorax, and conical abdomen, ete. From O. cubensis
and allies it differs by its more slender form and metathorax with-
out acute superior edges.—From O. formosus, by a larger size
and less slender form. If it was not as: small again, it would
agree perfectly with the description of O. apicalis Cress. It
may be a small variety of this?
Hab. Cuba (1 ¢, Dr. Gundlach).
99. 0. apicalis Cresson.—Niger; clypeo, mandibulis, fascia frontali,
antennis basi, pronoto, tegulis, macula subalari, scutellis, metathorace
utringue; pedibus abdominisque segmentorum 1-3 margine, flavis ;
280 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART Jf
primo segmento superne flavo, disco nigro; segmentis 4-6 rufis; alis
fusco-hyalinis.
Odyn. apicalis Cresson, Philad. Ent. Proc. IV, 1865, 161.
©. Total length, 6 lines; expanse of wings, 10 lines.
*%. Total length, 4.5 lines ; expanse of wings, 7.5 lines.
@. Opaque-black. Head and thorax deeply and closely pune-
tured, the former broader than the thorax, rather short; a broad
transverse band on the front, filling up the sinus of the eyes and
deeply indicated above the insertion cf each antenna; the broad
posterior orbit and the clypeus, yellow, sometimes strongly tinged
with ferruginous, sometimes yellowish at the base; clypeus
depressed, ‘rhomboidal, the extreme tip truncate. Antenne
black, the two basal joints ferruginous. Thorax: prothorax yel-
low above, tipped with dull ferruginous just before the tegule ;
pleura somewhat sericeous, with a large, rounded yellow spot
beneath the tegulz; scutellum with two large, quadrate, yellowish
marks, nearly confluent; post-scutellum yellowish; metathorax
finely and transversely striated, deeply excavated on the disk,
with a large yellowish mark on each side, covering the lateral
angles, which are rather prominent and obtuse; tegule yellowish,
with a ferruginous dot on the middle. Abdomen ovate, basal
segment nearly equal in width to the second; remaining segments
gradually tapering to the tip, and more deeply and densely punc-
tured than the basal segments; first segments rounded at base
without suture or carina, the apical margin confluent, with a
large angular mark on each lateral margin, yellowish; apical
margin of the second and third segments (broader on the second
segment), yellow; that on the third somewhat tinged with ferru-
ginous; remaining segments, above and beneath, dull ferruginous;
beneath, the apical margins of the second and third segments are
narrowly yellowish, more or less sinuate on each side anteriorly.
%. Smaller, the markings of the face tinged with ferruginous;
the basal joint of the antenne yellow within, with a black line
above, the apical joint ferruginous and hooked; the yeilow of
the prothorax not continued all the way to the tegule, being
interrupted with black; fourth segment of abdomen black, with
the apical margin above and beneath, narrowly yellowish ;
remaining segments obscure yellowish-ferruginous, more or less
dusky at base; beneath, the second segment with a yellow spot
ODYNERUS. 281
on each side of the middle. Legs yellowish; the femora except
tips beneath, the tibiee beneath, and most of the tarsi, pale ferru-
ginous. Wings subhyaline, faintly tinged with fuscous; honey-
yellow along the costa, with the marginal cell almost entirely
fuscous. 7
Ress. a. diff—Allied to O. cubensis, by its livery, but the face
is much broader, and the basal segment of the abdomen is
differently marked, rounded anteriorly, not truncate, with a sharp
edge. It differs also by its hooked antenne, in the male.
I do not know this Odynerus, which seems most closely allied
to O. spectabilis, but much larger. Compare this species.
Hab. Cuba (Mus. of the Am. Ent. Soc., Philadelphia).
2. Posterior plate of metathorax orbicular or more or less
rounded, not forming on each side a distinct dentiform
angle.. (Thorax rather attenuate posteriorly, abdomen
conical or ovate-conical. )
A. Posterior plate of metathorax still margined with a sharp
edge, salient in its superior part, and forming on each side
of the summit a tooth or elevation, separated from the post-
scutel by a fissure (sometimes very small).
a. The concavity deep, excavated, with salient ridges. Abdomen conical; its
base sharply truncate.
100. O. turpis Savuss.—Niger, thorace crassissime punctato; clypeo
lato, piriformi; metanoto attenuato, extus rugosissimo, postice in fove-
olam ovalem valde excavato, levi, haud biangulato, sed canthis areuatis
acutis marginato, nonnunquam supra paene dentem post-scutellarem
efficientibus ; abd. 2' segmenti margine punctato sed haud impresso ;
clypeo summo maculis 2 vel fascia, orbitarum marginibus partim,
macula frontali, scapo subtus, pronoti et abd. segmentorum 1i-4i margine,
macula subalari, tegulis, scutelli et metanoti magulis 2, post-scutello
pedibusque, aurantiacis ; alis ferrugineo-fusco nebulosis.
Odyn. turpis Sauss. Revue, Zool. XXII, 1870, 60, 17, 9.
Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
1 Sometimes there is still an indication of two angles or even a small
tooth (O. foraminatus, O. leucomelas), in the species in which the poste-
rior plate of metathorax is more or less angulate,
282 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.
?. Insect very coarsely punctured, recalling the O. Boscii, but
more coarsely cribrose and more retracted on the metathorax.
Clypeus pyriform, wide, punctured, rather wider than long.
Post-scutel feebly crenulate. Concavity of the metathorax occu-
pying all its width, rounded, notably wider than high, excavated,
finely striate and smooth as far as the borders; these are
extremely trenchant, but not forming spiniform lateral angles;
-* thes2 ridges above all very salient on the summit, where they
often terminate in a dentiform or lamellar salient, separated from
the post-scutel by a strong notch. The external lateral surfaces
of the metathorax very rugose. Abdomen conical truncate, at
the base having a sharp ridge; the border of the second and fol-
lowing segments quite strongly punctured; but that of the 2d
not sensibly depressed.
Insect black, clothed with tawny hair. Mandibles and at times
the end of clypeus, red. Two spots or an are at the summit of
clypeus, 2 spot on the front, another behind each eye, and the
inner bordering of the orbits, as well as a line on the scape of the
antenne, yellow. Border of the prothorax, a spot under the
wing, tegulz, two spots on the scutel, two others on the summit
of the metathorax and post-scutel, yellow; segments 1-4 of the
abdomen bordered with the same color; the first border widened
on the sides; legs yellow, the base black. Wings transparent,
washed with brown-ferruginous. The yellow of the ornaments is
almost orange; it often passes, without doubt, into red.
Var. One-specimen has its ridges blunted at the beginning or
where the lateral angles would be, if they existed, but their
summit always forms a trenchant prominence.
$. Unknown.
Ress. a. diff.—This species is allied to the O. Boscii, arvensis,
Hidalgi, by the distribution of the colors. It has like the 0.
Boscii the scutel spotted with yellow, and like the other species
the post-scutel yellow. But it is distinguished clearly from these
species: Ist, by its retracted metathorax, not laterally bidentate,
in consequence of the rounded posterior plate (not squarely cut),
of which, however, the ridges are very sharp and quite arcuate
(and not more or less straight or oblique as in the species cited) ;
2d, by the border of the 2d segment, which, although punctured,
is not depressed, and less reflexed.
Z a oe
ODYNERWUS. 283
From other allied species with similar livery, or adorned with
red, it always differs by its very sharp metathoracic ridges. (See
especially the O. molestus. )
The great number of these species all having similar livery
renders their distinction very difficult, so that one needs to be
familiar with the details of the forms, above all with those of the
metathorax, which furnish certain very distinctive characters.
Hab. The United States. 2 9 taken in Tennessee. Sent by
EK. Fr. Falconnet.
104. ©. Megzera. LrrEen.—Niger, valde punctatus; metanoti foveola
rotundata, striata, utrinque inermi, sed canthis elevatis acutissimis mar-
ginata; his supra in dentes 2 excurrentibus, a post-scutello per fissuram
sejunctis ; nacula frontali et post-oculari, pronoti et abdominis segmen-
torum 1i, 2i margine, primi utrinque aucto, macula subalari et post-
scutello, luteis ; alis fusco-cyaneis.— 9. Clypeo piriformi nigro, fascia
arcuata, vel maculis 2 luteis.—%. Clypeo lato, albido, margine trun-
eato, atro; scapo fascia albida.
Odyn. Megara Lrpzu. St. Farg. Hymen. II, 636, 21 (1841).—Sauss. Et.
Vespid. I, 181, 74; pl. xvii, fig. 11, 9!; III, 232.
©. Total length, 15 mm.; wing, 12 mm.
%,- Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 9 mm.
©. Clypeus pyriform, longer than wide, cribrose with coarse
points, terminated by a very small border, at times smooth and
lamellate, and appearing a little bidentate. Thorax retracted
on the metathorax. Head and thorax densely cribrose. Post-
secutel truncate, offering a subcrenulate ridge. Metathorax
rugose, having its lateral ridges blunted; its posterior plate
concave, striate, and a little punctured on its borders; form
rounded, but wider than long; bordered with sharp ridges, but
not forming any lateral spiniform angles. .
These ridges a little crenulate; their summit separated from
the post-scutel by a narrow fissure. Abdomen densely punctured,
abruptly truncate: at its base a sharp ridge; the border of the 2d
and the following segments very coarsely cribrose, but the border
of the 2d without any depressed zone,
Insect black, clothed with a grayish pile. A spot on the
1 The ornaments are too yellow on this figure in a number of the
copies of this work,
284 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
mandibles, an are or two spots on the summit of the clypeus, a
dot on the front and another behind each eye, the border (retracted
in the middle) of pronotum, a spot under the wing, post-scutel,
often a dot at the wing scale, and the border of the first two
segments of the abdomen, of a whitish-yellow; the border of the
first segment widened on the sides; often tri-emarginate. Wings
of a brown-violet; tarsi brownish.
Var. a. Beneath the scape a ferruginous or whitish line; the
3d abdominal segment adorned with a whitish edging.
b. Clypeus and antennee wholly black.
c. Tibie marked with white on their outer border (Illinois).
%. Smaller. Clypeus polygonal, slightly prolonged at the end
and truncate, subbidentate, its color whitish, with the inferior
borders black; hook of the antenne great; on the scape a white
line. Metathoracie ridges salient on the summit, terminated
behind the post-scutel by a more elevated pyramidal tooth.
Var. The ornaments passing into sulphur-yellow.
Ress. a. diff.—This Odynerus is easily recognized by its whitish
ornaments. In likeness it resembles :-—
1. The O. bidens and the Monobia 4-dens, from which it is
distinguished easily by its small size, by the absence of lateral
teeth on the metathorax, by the cribrose thorax, and the rugose
metathorax, ete.
2. The O. 4-sectus, from which it separates itself by its livery
and its quite differently formed metathorax.
3. The O. leucomelas, from which it differs by the livery of
its abdomen, by the whitish band of its Ist segment, widened on
the sides, by its abdomen truncate, with a sharp ridge at the base;
by its metathorax with elevated borders; by its violet wings.
4. The Ancistrocerus albophaleratus ; from which it differs by
its livery and by the absence of a suture on the first abdominal
segment.
In the distribution of colors it approaches the O. foraminatus
and allies.
Hab. The United States. Carolina, Tennessee, Illinois (Ken-
nicott), Florida (Norton), 8 2,11 %.
ODYNERUS. 285
b. Posterior plate of metathoraz less ercavated; its marginal edges but slightly
salient, although still sharp. Abdomen ovate-conical, slightly attenuated
ae vase, -
102. ©. foramimatus Savss.—Niger, confertim punctatus; metanoti
rugosi foveola rotundata, striata, utrinque inermi, marginibus rotun-
datis, hand acutis, superne tantum in dentem verticalem excurrentibus,
a post-scutello per fissuram sejunctum ; macula frontali et post-ocnlari,
linea in scapo, pronoti et abdominis segmentorum marginibus, tegulis,
post-scutello, macula subalari, tibiis tarsisque, sulfureis ; alis diaphanis
fuscescentibus.— 9. Clypeo piriformi, biangulato, nigro, supra fascia
arcuata flava.—‘%,. Clypeo polygonali, vix emarginato, flavo.
©. Total length, 13 mm. ; wing, 11 mm.
*,. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
Odyn. foraminatus Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 180, 73, 9! (1852) ; III, 232.
Odyn. rugosus Sauss. Ibid. 1,.179, 72, § (1852).
®. Smaller than the O. Megera. Clypeus pyriform, longer
than wide, strongly punctured, terminated by a little straight
border, the angles of which are formed like two little teeth.
Thorax having almost the same form as in the O. Megera,
although a little narrower; ‘the head and the thorax strongly
punctured. fPost-scutel finely crenulate. Metathorax rugose ;
its concavity striate, rounded, being scarcely bordered, but its
borders blunted by punctures which are continued with those of
the superior face of the metathorax; one sees, however, the
superior ridges slightly defined on each side; all on the summit
forming a little vertical and sharp tooth placed on each side
behind the post-scutel and separated from this last by a fissure.
Lateral faces of metathorax finely rugose, becoming coarser
toward the posterior border. Abdomen densely punctured, not
being conical as in the preceding species, but rather ovalo-conie,
widening slightly as far as the extremity, or as far as the middle
of 2d segment; the first segment rounded, though truneate; a
little widened behind. . The border of 2d and the following seg-
ments very coarsely punctured; that of the 2d a little depressed,
but not offering a clearly defined impressed zone; the punctures
gradually augmenting in size; the following segments cribrose
with great pits.
er — _————$ =
1 Erratum. Line 7th from the bottom, in place of: écusson, read: post-
ECUSSON,
286 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I,
Insect black, clothed with a brownish or grayish pile. A spot
on the summit of the mandibles, an arcuate band or two spots on
the summit of clypeus, a spot on the front, another behind each
eye, a line on the scape of antenne, a narrow line on the anterior
border of prothorax, tegule, a spot under the wing, post-scutel,
knees, tibize, and tarsi, yellow. ‘The first four or five segments
of the abdomen regularly bordered with yellow; the border of
the first confounded on each side with a spot or an oblique lateral
line. Wings transparent, smoky, with some violet reflections;
nervures brown. A red or brown dot on the wing scales. (The
wings are at times slightly ferruginous.) The last article of the
tarsi at times brown. *
Var. a. Two yellow dots on the superior faces of metathorax,
placed on each side of the post-scutel (Tennessee). ,
b. Often two yellow dots on the s¢cutel and the lateral spots
of the first segment lengthened, oblique (Illinois).
%. Smaller. Clypeus yellow, polygonal, as long as wide,
terminated by a slightly concave border, appearing bidentate if
looked at beneath. A yellow line on the mandibles. Hook of
the antenne ferruginous beneath. . Last article of tarsi often
black. The intermediate thighs often varied with yellow.
Var. Frontal and post-ocular spots almost nothing. Border-
ings of fhe abdomen very narrow. Wings hyaline. In the two
sexes the superior teeth of the metathoracic ridges are often but
little developed, indistinct, or even wanting. One also remarks
variations in the punctuation of the border of the concavity of
the metathorax. The extremity of the clypeus is often hollowed
by a fossette which gives it the appearance of being notched and
bidentate.
Ress. a. diff.—This species has the same distribution of colors
as the O. Megera, but its ornaments are of a lively yellow and
not whitish. Besides, the abdomen is less conical; the celypeus
2 has its angles more salient and the metathorax is not bounded
by distinct and trenchant ridges without. The two superior
teeth of the metathorax are as strong as they are well developed.
The wings are less obscure.
The O. foraminatus somewhat recalls also the Ancistrocerus
campestris,
Finally, it resembles in so striking a manner the O. trilobus
Fabr., that one will be tempted to take it for an American variety
a tage es
ODYNERUS. 287
of this species so common in Asia and Africa; but the clypeus
is always wider, the abdomen is less coarsely and more densely
punctured, the first abdominal segment does not offer the spot
trilobate with black peculiar to this species, and the border of
the 2d segment is more coarsely cribrose.
Hab. The United States, from Tennessee as far as Canada.
Tennessee (H. Fr. Falconnet), Illinois (Walsh. Kennicott), New
York (E. Norton), Pennsylvania (Rathvon, Haldeman), Connec-
ticut (H. Norton), Wisconsin. 17 2, 20 %.
103. ©. iewcomelas Satss. (Fig. 19, 19a.)—Niger, punctatus, cine-
reo-hirtus; thorace postice attenuato ; abdomine ovato-conico ; metanoti
foveola sat planata, striata, utrinque subangulata, marginibus superis
tenuiter acutis, rectis, supra in dentem acutum terminatis, a post-scu-
tello per fissuram sejunctum; clypei 9 maculis 2 vel fascia, puncto fron-
tali et post-oculari, pronoti et abdominis segmentorum limbo anguste,
post-scutello, tegulis tibiisque extus, albidis ;. alis subhyalinis.—‘% . Cly-
‘peo bidentato, ore, antennarum scapo subtus pedibusque partim, sul-
fureis.
Odyn. leucomelas Sauss. Et. Vespid. III, 225,! 131 (1854).
9. Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
*. Total length, 9 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm.
9. A little larger than the O. foraminatus, but the abdomen
is a little more ovate-conic, the first segment a little narrower.
Clypeus pyriform or rounded, strongly punctured, terminated by
a very little biangulate border. The whole insect finely punc-
tured; thorax slightly depressed, widened in the middle, retracted
behind; post-scutel finely crenulate. Truncation of metathorax
occupying its whole width, but the posterior plate slightly
concave, quite flat, in form angulate-rounded, equally striate
throughout, forming on each side a rounded angle, at trmes slightly
salient in the form of a tooth. Latero-superior ridges straight,
fine and trenchant, although very little salient, each terminated
superiorly by a sharp tooth, directed upward, and separated from
the post-scutel by a narrow fissure. Abdomen quite ovate,
especially among the males; the 2d and following segments
quite strongly punctured on the border.
Insect black, clothed with a grayish pile. A spot on the
1 In the description of this species, all that which treats of the thorax
is omitted. Another of the numberless negligences of the printer!
288 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
summit of the mandibles, two on the summit of the clypeus, a
dot on the front, another behind each eye, a narrow border on
the prothorax, wing scales, a dot under the wing, post-scutel, a
quite regular narrow bordering of the segments of the abdomen,
and 2d and 3d tibiz without, whitish. Tarsi and knees ferrugi-
nous. Antenne wholly black. Wings transparent, or subsmoky;
a brown spot on the wing scale.
Var. a. Clypeus ornamented with a whitish arcuate band on
the summit. The bordering of the first segment mingled with a
white lateral dot. |
b. The last segments without border.
c. No spots under the wing.
%. Clypeus bidentate, yellow; labrum, mandibles, the frontal
spot, a line on the scape of the antenne, the hook of antenne,
tibize, tarsi, intermediate thighs beneath, and coxe 2, 3, yellow.
No spots under the wing.
Ress. a. diff —This species resembles above all—Ist the O.
Joraminatus, from which it is distinguished by its less concave
metathorax, the concavity less rugose, having the superior ridges
straight and pronounced, its antenne black, its ornaments white, °
etc.—2d, from the Ancistrocerus albophaleratus, which is almost
identical in form and livery, but from which it is clearly distin-
guished by the absence of the suture on the first abdominal seg-
ment, and which has the scutel spotted with whitish, with the
post-scutel black.—3d, from the O. Megera, which has the
posterior plate of the metathorax much more concave, and of a
rounded not angulate form, the wings black, and only two whitish .
bands on the abdomen.
Hab. The northern United States. Connecticut (E. Norton),
Illinois (Kennicott),3 2,1 %. (1 2 from Fort Tejon. Latit.
35°, longit. 119°; altit. 4600 feet.)
Observation.—This species, so very near by the form and livery
to the Ancistrocerus albophaleratus, approaches very much also
' in the form of the metathorax to the Ancistrocerus group of the
species cited. One would say that these tv7o species issue from
the same stock, of which the form of the Ist abdominal segment
is bifurcate, while the livery has continued the same.
ODYNERUS. 289
104. O. blamdus Savss.—Niger, nitidus, dense punctatus; metathorace
inermi, rotundato; abdomine ovato-conico; antice truncato, sessili;
corpore sulfureo-multipicto; abdominis segmentis 1-5 sulfureo-limbatis,
1° et 2° insuper utrinque fascia trigonali sulfurea (vel fascia antica
interrupta); pedibus flavis; alis subhyalinis.—Q. Clypeo et orbitis
partim flavis.
Odyn. blandus Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. XXII,1870, 105, 27, 9.
Total length, 9 mm.; wing, 7 mm.
2. Clypeus pyriform, flattened, rather strigose, truncate at tip
and rather rounded. Head and thorax densely punctate ; post-
seutel quite shortly truncate, quite linear, transverse, but rounded,
not crested; its hinder face rather oblique, punctured; this form
being the transition to the Stenodynerus. Metathorax small,
short, and rounded, not angulate, shallowly punctured; its
excavation strigose, not sharply margined, except superiorly,
where it forms a little ridge or tooth behind the post-scutel.
Abdomen ovate-conical; the first segment not quite as wide as
the second, scarcely truncate anteriorly, but without a sharp ridge,
sessile ; its superior face slightly depressed, as punctate as the
thorax; 2d segment densely punctate, but not quite as strongly,
its hinder margin more strongly so, and densely punctured,
slightly and widely depressed; the following punctured.
Black, shining; a line on the mandibles, clypeus, inner orbits,
frontal spot, a line behind the eyes, the scape beneath, a wide,
but interrupted anterior margin of prothorax, a spot under the
wing, tegule, a dot on mesothorax before the scutel, post-scutel
above, and sides of metathorax, sulphur-yellow. All the segments
of the abdomen margined with sulphur-yellow. The first, in addi-
tion, with two oblique yellow bands or maculee, fused with the yel-
low bordering laterally ; the 2d adorned on each side with a large
triangular macula, forming a wide interrupted fascia beneath ;
this segment has similar yellow ornaments. Anus black. Feet
yellow; coxe black; the 2d and 3d pair margined with yellow
and spotted at tip. Wings subhyaline, nerves brown.
Var. 2. Clypeus with a central black spot.
Ress. a. diff—In its rather stubbed form it recalls the form
of O. Catskillensis, but its abdomen is still more sessile, more
truncate anteriorly, and more square. By its rich livery it recalls
O. sulfureus, but is very distinct from it by its non-angulate
19
290 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
metathorax, more slender form, ete. This is rather an interme-
diate type between Division Odynerus and Stenodynerus, by the
quite linear form of its post-scutel, not flattened above and ridged
posteriorly ; and by its abdomen, although sessile and truncate
at base, having the Ist segment more punctured than the 2d at
base.
Hab. California (H. Norton).
B. Posterior plate of metathorax no longer margined with sharp
ridges, but having its edges blunted by the rugosities or the
punctures (or not rugose); and the summit of the ridges no
longer forming post-sculellar teeth, although still separated
from the post-scutel by a groove.
a. Posterior plate of metathoraz much excavated, margined with salient, blunt,
and rough edges. Abdomen conical, its base sharply truncate.
105. ©. molestus Sauss.—Niger, tomento cinereo hirsutus ; thorace
nitido grosse punctato; metanoto perrugoso, haud bidentato, foveole
striate marginibus prominulis sed perrugosis, haud acutis; abdomine
conico, segmentorum 2-5 margine percrasse cribratis; macula frontali
et post-oculari, pronoti et abdominis segmentorum 14! limbo, macula
subalari, tegulis, scutelli maculis 2, post-scutello, metanoti summi
punctis 2 pedibusque, flavis.—‘%. Clypeo latiore quam longiore, flavo,
valde punctato, antice attenuato, truncato; mandibulis, oculorum
margine intus, scapo subtus, flavis.— Q?.
Odyn. molestus Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 61, 19, 4.
Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 9 mm.
%. Size and appearance of the O. arvensis, but the thorax
shining and more coarsely cribrose with more separated punctures.
Post-scutel crenulate. Metathorax but little retracted, very
rugose; its posterior face not bidentate, strongly excavated, the
borders very salient, but not at all trenchant; being .on the.
contrary blunted, rounded by very coarse punctures. At times the.
borders are a little channelled because of these punctures; their
summit is separated from the post-scutel by a fissure, but does not
form any salient angles. Abdomen conical, having the same form
as the O. arvensis; the first segment truncate, having a sharp
angle; the 2d very short, its posterior border impressed and very
coarsely cribrose, as are also the following segments.
ee ee eo
ODYNERUS. 291
Insect black, bristling with grayish hair (among fresh specimens
the abdomen is almost velvety). A spot on the front, another
little one behind each eye, anterior border of prothorax, tegule,
a spot beneath the wing, two on the scutel, post-scutel, and a
spot on each side of this on the summit of metathorax, yellow or
a little red. The first two segments of the abdomen bordered
with yellow; the border of the first joined on each side with an
eblique red or yellow spot; the segments (? 3-4), $ 3-5 bordered
with a fine yellow edging. Legs yellow, at the base black
Wings transparent, a little smoky; nervures brown. Wing scales
spotted with red or brown,
%. Clypeus yellow, strongly punctured, wider than long; its
inferior extremity slightly prolonged and truncate in middle.
Mandibles, scape of antenne beneath, inner border of orbits, and
femora above, yellow. Hook of the antenne ferruginous.
Ress. a. diff—This resembles divers species, particularly the
O. arvensis %, but the clypeus is much more coarsely punctured,
wider in proportion, with the extremity narrower and not biden-
tate. It differs from others: from 0. arvensis, Boscit, Hidalgi,
and Iturbidi by its metathorax, which is not bidentate and very
much more excavated.—It is easily distinguished from the 0.
foraminatus % by the form of its clypeus, by its more coarsely
punctured thorax, by the metathorax surrounded by more salient
borders, and very much more rugose, not forming behind the
post-scutel the two little separating teeth; by the two yellow
spots of the scutel; by its very conical abdomen, truncate at its
base, with a sharp ridge. But it offers an appearance wholly
similar to the O. turpis; the same size, the same form, the same
livery, so far that one would readily take it for the male of that
species. However, it differs from it essentially by the borders of |
its metathorax, which are blunted, rugose, and not at all tren-
chant, while in the species of this group the ridges are in general
more’ trenchant at the summit among the males than in the
females. Yet the resemblance is such between these two in-
sects that I remain in doubt if they are not the two sexes of the
same species, the rather that with the O. turpis (2) the ridges
are often blunted toward the base.
Hab. The United States. 2% from Tennessee.
292 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I,
b. Posterior plate of metathorax more flattened ; its margins rounded
and punctured.
* Abdomen conical, principally among the females.
106. O. pratemsis Savss.—Pallide-ferruginens, citrino multipictus ;
thorace polito, grosse et sparse punctato; metanoto rotundato, dense
punctato, velutino, utringque inermi, superne canthis nullis, foveola
striata minuta orbiculari; abdomine conico, segmentorum 2'-5' 9°,
2i-6i § margine punctis fuscis crassis sparse eribrato; clypeo paulo
latiore quam longiore, truncato; antennis basi aurantiis, in dimidio
terminali superne nigris vel fuscis; abdominis segmentorum 1}, 2! fascia
marginali citrina utrinque dilatata.
Odyn. pratensis Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 61, 20, 9 4-
@. Total length, 15 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
*%,. Totai length, 12 mm.; wing, 9 mm.
2. Size a little superior to that of the O. foraminatus. Punc-
tures of body of little depth, but quite coarse. Scutel smooth,
with some coarse, separated, irregular punctures. Post-scutel
crenulate. Metathorax rounded, offering a little circular, striate
concavity; but its circumference is perfectly rounded, densely
punctured, without any spiniform angle, nor any ridge; not form-
ing behind the post-scutel any kind of teeth, and velvety. Abdo-
men 9 very conical, truncate anteriorly, but without sharp ridge.
Border of segments 2'-5' (2'-6!, $) cribrose, with very gross
impressed points, a little separated, brown in their depth, and
forming on the 2d segment an impressed zone.
Insect of a ferruginous orange, garnished with yellow or gray
hair; mandibles, clypeus, the whole face, and a little post-ocular
space, sulphur-yellow; a brown band on the vertex; antenne
red, clouded with yellow, with their second moiety black above,
and the scape adorned with a yellow line. Middle of the pro-
thorax, a spot under the wing, tegule, post-scutel, and sides of
metathorax, yellow; scutel orange, varied with yellow; disk of
mesothorax red, clouded with brown. All the segments of the
abdomen widely bordered with yellow; bordering of Ist and 2d
squarely widened on the sides; anus yellow; femora and tibie
varied with yellow. Wings transparent, gray at the end, a little
ferruginous along the side.
Var. a. Mesothorax obscure, with two Fabia ioe lines.
6. Yellow bordering of prothorax complete.
ODYNERUS. 293
. Clypeus yellow, coarsely punctured, a little wider than
long, terminated by a little lamellar border; mandibles yellow or
red.
%. Smaller. Head wide. Clypeus polygonal, more widely
truncate. Legs yellow. (Antenne ?.)
‘Ress. a. diff.—This species varies without doubt infinitely in
its colors, passing probably in one place to brown or to black in
its deeper color, or preserving its yellow ornaments more or less
reduced; in another place changing from yellow, by the paling of
its deeper color, and the extension of its ornaments, as we have
shown above for the O. annulatus. It will not do then to seek
its distinctive characters elsewhere than in its form.
It is easily confounded with the O. annulalus, which has almost
the same livery and the male of which also presents a great head.
It is distinguished from it by its greater and less dense punctures,
the thorax remaining smooth for this reason; by the absence of
lateral dentiform angles on the metathorax; by the punctures of
borders of sezments 2—4, which are greater, and separated, and
of a brown color; the % also by its shorter clypeus, which is not
regularly octagonal, the inferior borders not being identical with
the superior, the inferior being a little more prolonged.
The O. pratensis differs from the O. foraminatus by its meta-
thorax, having a smaller concavity, less surrounded by swellings,
with more rounded borders, more -circumscribed, less extended,
as far as the borders of the posterior face; and by the absence
of little teeth behind the post-scutel; by.a shorter and wider
clypeus, ete.
It differs from the O. Guerreri by its more conical abdomen,
by its less densely cribrose, and not velvety body, ete. Other-
wise, its color is of a gay orange-red, common to insects of the
western coast of North America, and not of the brownish-red
peculiar to the Mexican insects.
Hab. Lower California and the prairies of New Mexico. @
from Cape St. Lucas (Lower California, G. Xantus); % from
New Mexico.
** Abdomen more ovate-conical, slightly contracted anteriorly.
107. © Mawvopictus Savuss.—O. foraminato simillimus, sed meta-
thoracis dentibus superioribus nullis; clypeo latiore, flayo, nigro-margi-
294 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
nato, in medio signatura nigra; abdominis secundi segmenti margine
crasse punctato sed nee impresso, nee rugoso, 2.
Odyn. flavopicius Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. IX, 1857, 276. ]
Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 9.5 mm.
Very similar to O. foraminatus ; a little smaller, and differing
by its clypeus being a little more triangular, and principally by
its metathorax, destitute of sharp edges superiorly, not forming
behind the post-seutel two teeth separated by a fissure.
?. Rather slender. Clypeus wide, its apex narrowly produced,
a little excavated, bidentate. Post-scutel not crenulate. Con-
cavity of metathorax finely striate; its edges roughly punctured,
not margined superiorly by any sharp edges. Abdomen a little
more contracted anteriorly. The whole body more finely ptnc-
tured ; the margin of the 2d abd. segment strongly punctured,
but not rngose; more impressed.
Black, with the same ornaments as O.foraminatus; all the
abdominal segments margined with yellow; the border of the
first segment widened on the sides, with three black notches.
-Clypeus yellow, with a central black spot, and its apex margined
with black. Wings washed with fuscous, with bronze reflections. ©
_Hab. United States. Tennessee.
This may be a variety of O. foraminatus, with imperfectly
developed form.
108. ©. Guerreri Savss.—Obscure rufus et niger, rngose punctatus,
fulvo-hirsutus; clypeo truncato; post-scutello 9 bigibboso, % 2- vel
4-dentato; metathorace ubique obtundato, dense punctato, foveola
striata minore, nullomodo acute-marginata canthis nullis; abdomine
ovato-conico, marginibus segmentorum 2' et sequentium grosse punc-
tatis; secundi valde impresso; antennis rufis, apice nigris; capite
nigro, orbitis 9 omnino rufo-marginatis nec non in vertice summo;
vertice 9 fascia rufa transversa ornato; thorace rufo-maculato, pronoto
rufo; abdomine rufo; segmentis omnibus flavo-marginatis, 19, 20 basi
nigro-variis ; alis fusco-nebulosis, costa ferruginea.
Odyn. Guerrert Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. IX, 1857, 277.
Q. Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
*%- Total length, 9.5 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
?. Insect quite slender, of an obscure red, velvety. Head and
thorax densely cribrose; scutel divided by a longitudinal groove;
ee
ODY NERUS. 295
erest of post-scutel insensibly bitubereulate. Concavity of meta-
thorax quite small, the strisze parted in the middle by a carina;
its borders completely rounded and punctured, forming no trace
of a salient behind the post-scutel. Abdomen truncate anteriorly ;
second segment rather wider than long, a little wider than the
first; its border offering a wide impressed zone, roughly cribrose
with separate punctures, insensibly crenulate. Borders of the
other segments very coarsely punctured.
Insect black, velvety, garnished with an abundant woolly, tawny
pile. Clypeus, mandibles, a spot on the front, and the complete
border of the orbits, as well as the vertex, ferruginous; one sees
beside on the vertex a transverse band of this color which joins
the summit of the two eyes. Antenne ferruginous, with their
second moiety black. Prothorax, tegule, a spot under the wing,
scutel and post-scutel, wholly or in part, and angles of metathorax,
of an obscure ferruginous; there is often a ferruginous spot at
the base of mesothorax also. Abdomen silky or woolly, ferrugi-
nous, with the border of all the segments, yellow; the base of the
first two black, which forms variable designs. Legs ferruginous.
Wings ferruginous along the side, a little smoky in the rest of
their extent, the radial cellule obscure.
Var. a. The little channel of second segment almost null in
certain specimens.
b. Metathorax black; scutel black, with two red spots; the
black strongly extended on the first two segments of abdomen.
c. The scape blackish above; vertex without red transverse
band; legs black and yellow.
d. Olypeus, ornaments of the head, scutel, tegule, spots under
the wings, passing into yellow.
2. Clypeus wide, strougly punctured, its inferior margin
truncate, the angles forming two little salients.
%. Clypeus polygonal, truncation almost straight, yellow.
Post-scutel bidentate or 4-dentate, or denticulate; 2d segment
very short, concave, its border very rugose, at times a little
channelled. Vertex generally black, bordering of orbits incom-
plete at the summit,
Var. The first segment black, bordered with yellow; the
bordering joining with two red lateral spots; the 2d black, red
‘on the sides. .
fess. a. dif/.—This species has rather nearly the same colora-
996 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
tion as the O. Iturbide and Hidalgi (var. Mex.); but it differs
by its smaller size, by its bidentate post-scutel, by its smaller
concavity which only occupies the middle. The male greatly
resembles the O. molestus, but is distinct from it by the meta-
thorax having its borders more regularly rounded, regularly
punctured, not rugose, not angulate at the summit, nor quite so
_elevated as to be separated from the post-scutel by a fissure; by
the more oval abdomen, by its antenne, red in their first moiety, ete.
The species closely approaches also to the colors of the O.
Morelvi, and the Ancistrocerus tuberculiceps. (See the descrip-
tion of these species.)
Hab. The temperate parts of Mexico. I took 4 9 and 9 % in
the beautiful valley of Mextitlan; one ? onthe confines of
Morelia, in Mechoacan; and 2 2, 3% in the hot parts of the
province of Mexico (Cuautla).
109. ©. Romamédinus Sauss.—Sfatis gracilis, nigro-velutinus, pilis
longis fulvis hirsutus; post-scutello haud acute truncato; metanoto
haud angulato; puncto post-oculari, pronoti, tegularum, abdominisque
segmentorum 1-3 margine, flavo; post-scutello fascia flava; alis infus-
catis, fusco-purpureo nitidis.—Clypeo ? nigro; % aurantio, basinigro.
Odyn. Romandinus Sauss. et Vespides, I, 184, 79.
©. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8.5 mm.
*. Total length, 9 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
Rather slender, very finely punctured and velutinous throughout.
Post-scutel depressed, not sharply truncate. Metathorax very
slightly excavated, not angulate; the excavation not margined ;
superiorly, continued without limits from the superior part; the
lateral edges continued with the inferior edges. Abdomen ovate-
conical, a little depressed ; the first segment not as wide as the
second, bluntly truncate anteriorly, and more strongly punctate.
Second segment having at base beneath a transverse tubercle.
The whole insect of a deep velvet black, and all bristling with
long fulvous hair. Antennee and head black; a little yellow spot
behind the eye. Anterior margin of prothorax with a narrow
yellow band; margin of wing scales, a fascia on the post-scutel,
and the margin of the 1-3 abd. segments narrowly yellow; the
3d margin quite narrow. Wings fuscous, with brown and violet
iridescence. The ornaments are of a golden sulphur-yellow.
|
ODYNERUS. 297
Var. Post-seutel black, without yellow band.
2. Clypeus pyriform, truncate, bidentate or biangulate at tip,
coarsely punctured near the extremity; adorned with two yellow
lines at its apex. .
%. Clypeus elongate, a little bidentate at the apex, the inferior
part occupied by a large orange macula; its teeth and apical
edge black. Hook of the antenne small, black.
Var. The orange macula of the clypeus much extended.
Ress, a. diff—A very distinct species, having quite the
characters of the Odyneride of the northern Andes of South
America, velutinous, grisly with long black hair. This insect
forms somewhat a transition to the Hypodynerus ; it lives also
quite on the northern limits of the distribution of this group of
insects.
flab. New Granada. Sta Fé de Bogota, 2 9,2 %.
SEcTION II.—Body still stubbed, not slender, nor cylindrical.
Abdomen not conical, but remaining sessile ; the 1st segment
smaller than the 2d, as strongly or more strongly punctured
than the 2d; the 2d constricted al base to fit into the first
and more or less deformed; having its margin very strongly
canaliculate and reflexed, and more or less swelled before
the channel.
This group is formed for exceptional types, still belonging to
the Division Odynerus by their general aspect, but passing to
Stenodynerus by the form of the abdomen, which is no longer
conical or ovate-conical, but more narrow anteriorly, and by the
scutel, which is not so distinctly truncate, nor ridged on the line
of the truncation. The two species which follow are approximate
in the form of the abdomen, but very different in that of the
clypeus %.
A. Metathorax not narrowed below, much excavated, with very
sharp edges; post-sculel bituberculate; abdomen quite de-
JSormed.
110. O. Chumiculus Savss.—Niger, crassissime cribri instar pune-
tatus; pronoto cristato, post-scutello bimamillari; metathorace valde
excavato, superne acute marginato; 20 segmento postice cluninm
duarum instar turgente, margine profundissime canaliculato et maxime
298 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
reflexo; macula frontali et subalari, tegulis, maculis 2 seutelli et 2
metanoti, pronoti abdominisque segmentorum 1-4! margine, tibiis et
tarsis, pallide-flavis.—%. Clypeo polygonali flavo; scapo subtus flavo.
Odyn. cluniculus Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 60, 18, 4.
*. Total length, 9 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm.
Body cribrose, with very large, deep punctures; head rugose,
sharply margined behind. Prothorax anteriorly crested, angu-
late. Post-scutel bearing a sort of emarginate crest or two
bidentate eminences; its hinder face elevated, flattened; meta-
thorax vertically truncate, much excavated, rather polished, very
sharply margined superiorly by two angulate prominent ridges,
separated by a sort of channel, being the continuation of the
ground of the cavity; the superior cheeks rather separated from
post-scutel by a sulcosity, and having a polished space; the
inferior part rather angulate inferiorly, but the angles quite
rounded; the inferior edges nearly horizontal. ‘Abdomen quite
deformed. First segment short, truncate anteriorly ; its trans-
verse edge blunt, although a little salient because of a depression
of the superior face. Second segment slightly ovate; quite
swelled above into two large, salient, rounded tubercles, sepa-
_ rated by a deep excavation, resembling two brushes; the margin
forming a rather broad, extremely deep channel, with the poste-
rior edge reflexed into a very much elevated crest, slightly
undulating in the middle. Third segment cut a little concavely
behind. - The first three segments quite as strongly cribrose with
enormous punctures as the thorax (also the tubercles of the 2d
segment). Those following not as strongly punctured.
Black. A frontal and post-ocular spot, anterior margin of
prothorax, a macula under the wing, tegule, two spots on the
scutel, two spots on the metathorax and its blunt angles, and the
margins of the first four abd. segments, pale yellow; margins of
1, 2 segments moderate; 3, 4 very narrow. Feet black or brown;
knees, tibiee, tarsi, and coxe 2, 3, pale yellow; tibie rather ferru-
ginous. Wings subhyaline, anterior margin narrowly brown.
%. Clypeus polygonal, as wide as long, coarsely punctured,
truncate, pale-yellow, as well as a line on the scape of the
antenne; hook ferruginous.—§?. |
Ress. a. diff.—A species quite distinct by the unusual form of
ODYNERUS. 299
its abdomen, recalling, with exaggeration, the African. O. canali-
culatus.
Hab. The temperate part of Mexico. Orizaba (1 %, Sumi-
chrast). :
B. dMetathorax triangular, narrowed posteriorly, not so much
excavated, with sharp superior ridges. Post-scutel not
crested. Second abdominal segment channelied and reflexed,
scarcely swollen.
Zit. O Morelia Savuss.—Niger, dense punctulatus, fulvo-tomentosus ;
pronoto angulato; metathorace haud angulato, foveola postica canthis
acutis superne marginata; abdominis primo segmento minore, margine
elevato; secundi margine rugoso, valde canaliculato valde reflexo;
antennis basi ferrugineis; ore, orbitis et verticis fascia arcuata, pronoto,
macula subalari, tegulis, scutelli margine, metanoti canthis, pedibus
abdomineque, ferrugineis; segmentorum margine obscure flavo; seg-
mentis 19, 20 basi nigris;. alis dilute infuscatis, in costa ferruginea.—
*. Clypeo rotundato, transverso, flavo; argenteo-tomentoso; vertice
tuberculo polito obsoleto instructo.—%,
Odyn. Morelos Savss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. IX, 1857, 276, 4.
Total length, 9,12 mm.; wing, 4, 10 mm.
$. Head rather swelled transversely at the occiput or behind
the eyes. Vertex a little hollowed, or with a double, polished
low tubercle behind the ocellz, and between this and the ocellx,
a sort of arcuate depression, often obsolete. Thorax short; pro-
thorax quite squarely cut, its angles sharp, but not produced.
Post-scutel quite shortly truncate, linear, transverse, iusensibly
depressed in the middle; but not edged nor crenulate; its hinder
face elevated. Metathorax rather narrow; its upper face on each
side convex; its hinder face rather triangular, forming each side
almost a blunt lateral angle; the excavation margined superiorly
on each side under the post-scutel by a sharp areade or arcuated
edges, very salient, like a sharp crest, but not erect, forming no
teeth whatever behind the post-scutel. Abdomen constricted at
base of the second segment; the first segment very small, much
narrower than the second, truncate and rounded at base; its
margin a little edged. The second segment very strongly cana-
liculate along its margin; the channel widened in the middle and
300 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
the serment slightly swelled into two little cheeks before the
channel; the edge strongly reflexed; the edge of the 3d also a
little reflexed; the 2d beneath as tuberculate at base. The
whole insect finely and densely punctured, on the abdomen as
well as on the thorax; more coarsely on the margin of 2-4 seg-
ments. The body woolly, furnished with gray-fulvous hair.
Black. Mandibles, the 2-3 first joints of antenneg, a frontal
longitudinal line, an elongate large post-ocular spot, not touching
the eyes, and an angulate line on the vertex parted by the
tubercle, and continuing along the inner orbits of the eyes,
rufous. Prothorax, tegule, a spot under the wing, post-scutel,
hinder part of scutel, and often the angles of metathorax, rufous.
Abdomen rufous; the base of the first two segments black, and
the margin of all segments yellowish. The black of the base is
often prolonged on the middle of the segment. Feet rufous.
Wings smoky, with the anterior edge ferruginous.
$. Clypeus wider than long, fulvous or yellowish, with argen-
teous reflections, although having some black hair; its inferior
margin rounded, with a little notch and bidentate in the middle.
Hook of the antennz large, arcuate, black
Var. a. The head not much variegated with ferruginous.
Orbits and vertex nearly black. A black spot near the edge of
the 2d abd. segment. .
b. Metathorax black.
Ress. a. diff.—The coloring of this insect is what I should like
to call the Mexican livery; this dull ferruginous fulvo-velutinous
livery being quite a Mexican type. This coloration is quite that
of Ancistrocerus tuberculiceps, and much also that of Odynerus
Guerreri. From this it differs, by its abdomen, not conical, the
first segment being much narrower than the 2d; by the margin
of the lst segment which is hemmed, and that of the second, much
more canaliculate; by its pogt-scutel not sharp nor crenulate, and
by its very large, wide clypeus.
This is quite an exceptional type by the form of its abdomen,
post-scutel, and its wide % clypeus.
Hab. The temperate parts of Mexico. I caught two males in
the fine valley of Mextitlan.
ODYNERUS. 301
Division STENODYNERUS.
(Sauss. Vespides I, Divis. IV, 206.—III, Divis. Lpsilon, Il° Sect., p. 255.
Stcnodynerus, Melang. Hymenopt. II° fasc., p. 58.)
Body elongate, generally slender ; often cylindrical. Abdomen
slender and cylindrical, or ovate, not quite sessile, or spindle-
shaped, subpedunculate. Its first segment variable, having
the shape of rather an elongate bell, rounded anteriorly or
cup-shaped, subpedunculate, or funnel-shaped, often longer
than wide.—Post-scutel generally entire, not truncate,
angular posteriorly; but yet sometimes truncate when the
abdomen is spindle-shaped and subpedunculate.
This is a type very richly represented in America.
The Odyneri of this division constitute a special type, remark-
able by the elongation of their forms, which is among the Odynert,
quite a corresponding similarity between the Slenancistrocerus
and the Ancistrocerus.
The parallelism is so complete that one may even designate in
both groups some corresponding species of which some are quite
approximate, merely differing by the presence or absence of a
suture on the Ist abdominal segment,? others very analogous,’
although not quite so similar. This very difficult group is not
distinguished by any one special character, but by the combina-
tion of several, which are not all general to all the species, each
‘Species uniting only a certain portion of them, which partly oecur
in other Odyneri, but are combined in other ways. This makes
the Stenodyneri very difficult to recognize, for one not very
familiar with the genus Odynerus.
1 0. conformis. A. fulvipes.
A. secularis.
O. vagus.
A. Bravo.
2 a. Abdomen elongate, cylindrical.
O. Enyo. A, histrio.
O. totonacus. A. Mexicanus.
b. Abdomen more ovate, 1st segment cup-shaped.
O. speciosus. A, militaris.
O. Peyroti. A. Sumichrasti.
ce. Metathorax produced posteriorly ; wings black, ornaments white.
O..luctuosus. A. quadrisectus, eto.
302 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
The difficulty in distinguishing the Stenodynerus from the
Pachodynerus and the true Odynerus obliges us to make a review
of the characters which are peculiar to each.
The clypeus is not characteristic in any. Generally pyriform
truncate, and biangulate at tip; in 2 sometimes rounded; in %
polygonal-truncate and bidentate.
The thorax is cylindrical when -the abdomen is elongate-
cylindrical, vaulted above, anteriorly not contracted, biangulate
(O. conforms, toltecus, perennts, etc.). When the abdomen is
more ovate or spindle-shaped, the therax is not so elongate,
more triangular, contracted behind. It is nearly always more
or less coarsely punctured, the metathorax being less strongly
punctured.
The post-scutel is very peculiar. It has two different forms:
Ist. Not truncate; that is, angulate behind, not forming a
superior transverse punctate face and a posterior vertical polished
face, but on the contrary entire; rather horizontal or oblique,
falling into the hinder face of metathorax, more elevated anteriorly
‘than posteriorly, as if it had been a little squeezed from behind |
forwards, so as to accumulate it somewhat along the anterior
margin; when crested, the crest is placed on this elevated part
near the anterior margin, and not, as in the Divis. Odynerus, on
the posterior edge formed by the truncation. When not trun-
cate, it is punctured on its whole surface.
2d. Truncate posteriorly and crested on the ridge of the trun-
cation, nearly as in Divis. Odynerus. But in this ease the trun-
cation is more oblique, as if impressed from behind, and the crest
rather pushed forward against the anterior margin. The trunca-
tion also is not as straight transversely, but is rather arcuate.
In case the scutel is truncate, the Stenodyne*us are yet quite
distinct from Divis. Odynerus, in having the metathorax quite
convex, not widely excavated, so that the posterior face of the
post-scutel does not, as in Odynerus, make a part of the posterior.
concavity of the metathorax, and besides, the abdomen is quite
slender, spindle-shaped, the first segment being funnel-shaped,
rather pediculate, not wide and sessile as in the Divis. Odynerus.
The metathorax is quite variable. Ist. Sometimes produced
horizontally, farther than the post-scutel, including it behind
(O. luctuosus), as in some Ancistrocerus (A. 4-seclus). 2d. Gene-
rally not produced superiorly, but somewhat produced under the
ODYNERUS 303
scutel before it becomes truncate, which is such that the post-
scutel is not touched by the truncation; quite rounded, without
lateral angles, with a rounded, free, not limited fossette ; some-
times produced triangularly, convex, only parted by a longitudinal
or suleate channel. 3d. Truncate or biangulate, with a very sharp
cavity and lateral angles (O. spinifer), but the post-scutel not
truncate. Even when quite rounded posteriorly, the metathorax
does not lose its lateral ridges, which extend from the posterior
wing to the articular valves of the abdomen, and which must not
be confounded with the superior and inferior edges which con-
stitute the lateral margin of the concavity, when existing.
The abdomen has also various forms: Ist. In the elongate-
cylindrical type it is elongate and cylindrical, sessile, but the first
segment. is bell-shaped, elongate, rounded, not or but slightly
contracted anteriorly, but not truncate; as long as wide. This
form is very different from that of Divis. Odynerus, where the Ist
segment is wide, truncate anteriorly, its superior face being
always wider than long. 2d. Elongate, slender, but more
depressed; the lst segment short, truncate, as in Odynerus, but
the post-scutel not truncate (O. spinifer). 8d. More ovate, con-
tracted anteriorly, the first segment being small, cup-shaped,
rounded, not quite sessile, often subpetiolate ;° the 2d segment
more swelled. 4th. Elongate spindle-shaped, quite slender,
attenuated anteriorly the same as posteriorly; the first segment
funnel-shaped, sometimes elongate and subpetiolate.
The abdomen has a tendency to be more produced than in
Divis. Odynerus; and the Ist segment is always more coarsely
punctured than the 2d, which is just the contrary in Divis. Ody-
nerus. These various forms make quite insensible transitions
from one to another, and their various combinations make it very
dificult to define the subdivisions of the group, so that one must
pardon me if I have not succeeded in rendering them distinct
enough.
The table of species, based on empirical characters, will perhaps
help the reader out of the chaos of the very numerous species,
better than the diagnosis of the subdivisions, and the following
table will assist in distinguishing the Stenodynerus from the
Divis. Pachodynerus and Odynerus pr. dict.
304 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA, [ PART I,
A. Upper face of thorax prolonged beyond the post-scutel, involving it
behind. Stenodynerus.
B. Thorax not prolonged superiorly behind the post scutel.
a. Post-scutel entire, angulate behind. Stenodynerus.
b. Post-scutel truncate posteriorly, having a posterior face.
{ First abdominal segment short, truncate anteriorly, its superior
face wider than long. Odynerus.
tt First abd. segment subpedunculate, funnel-shaped or cup-shaped.
Stenodynerus.
C. Abdomen thick, conical, widest anteriorly. Odynerus.
D. Abdomen not so conical.
a. First segment truncate anteriorly.
a. Its superior face wider than long.
* Post-scutel truncate; abdomen ovate-conical. Odynerus.
** Post-scutel not truncate; abdomen slender 1st segment more
punctured than the 2d. Stenodynerus.
2. Its superior face about as long as wide. Stenodynerus.
b. Abdomen slender, cylindrical; first segment bell-shaped, sessile,
rounded anteriorly, as long as wide. Stenodynerus.
ec. Abdomen more ovate, first segment smaller, cup-shaped.
Stenodynerus.
d. Abdomen slender, spindle-shaped ; first segment funnel-shaped.
Stenodynerus.
E. First abd. segment less punctured than the 2d, or equally punctured
with it. Odynerus.
F. First abd. segment more punctured than the 2d or equally with it.
} Stenodynerus.
G. Post-scutel entire, angulate behind. Stenodynerus.
H. Post-scutel truncate posteriorly.
a. Abdomen sessile, or subsessile, truncate at base. Odynerus.
b. Abdomen subpedunculate, lst segment funnel-shaped.
Stenodynerus.
It is almost superfluous to say that-these distinctions are not
mathematical, nature always forming transitions which oblige us
to admit a certain latitude in the exceptions and in the meaning
of the definitions.
Table to assist in the determination of the Stenodyneri.
1. Wings black, with violet iridescence. 114. luctuosus.
1, 1. Wings cloudy, ferruginous, or subhyaline.
2. A crest or two erect spines behind the post-scutel.
3. Metathorax strongly biangulate, and bidentate superiorly.
112. spinifer.
3, 3. Metathorax superiorly margined with a semicircular ridge.
: : 113. araucanus.
O.GSt) Cnrpifrrna Var (0?) wmpoue wAR 6. terrbidi Sais, (mux) fi o 0. (tdyal.
ODYNERUS. 305
2,2. No erect spines on metathorax, behind the post-scutel.
3. Scutel, metathorax, and first segment orange, wings ferruginons,
with the apex brown. 115. Enyo.
3, 3. Insect black, with yellow or luteous ornaments.
4. Post-scutel black, truncate or crested; scutel adorned with
yellow. Small species very slender.
5. Metathorax unarmed.
6. Quite small; antenne and pleure maculate.
149. acolhuus.
6,6. Larger. Antenne and pleure 9 immaculate.
150. zendalus.
5,5. Metathorax having superiorly two small tubercles; quite
small species.
6. Tubercles large, dentiform; post-scutel truncate, not
crested. 154, tepanecus.
6,6. Tubercles small. Post-scutel crested.
7. Tubercles rounded, punctured ; post-scutel crested ante-
riorly. 151. nahuus.
7, 7. Tubercles sharp, compressed, very small.
8. Post-scutel crested anteriorly. 152. olmecus.
8, 8. Post-scutel crested posteriorly. 153. chichimecus.
4,4. Post-scutel triangular or not distinctly truncate, generally
with a yellow fascia.
5. Scutel and post-scutel orange. 142. columbaris.
5,5. Scutel always black. . oe
6. Post-scutel crested, yellow. 124, Xantianus. as ohare fo
6,6. Post-scutel not crested.
7. Post-scutel black.
8. Thorax quite black.
9. Only the first segment margined with yellow.
132. Nortonianus, var.
9,9. Segments 2-5 margined with yellow.
140. similis.
8, 8. Thorax adorned with yellow.
‘9. Only the first segment margined with yellow.
132. Nortonianus.
9,9. The first two segments adorned with yellow.
10. Second segment with two yellow spots.
132. Nortonianus.
10, 10. Second segment without yellow spot.
144. coyotus.
7, 7. Post-scutel adorned with yellow; the 2d segment mar-
gined with yellow.
8. Anterior margin of prothorax adorned with yellow,
not its posterior margin,
9. Margin of 2d segment very strongly canaliculate
and reflexed. a8. J toltecus.
120. | ?Toas. a
90 veal Ver (8)
Papagoeuere “Ver Cot)
auttotlita Ver Co +)
ancoowepansntufies Wir Loe)
306 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
9,9. Margin of 2d segment not canaliculate, or only
slightly reflexed.
10. Second abdominal segment with two free yellow
spots.
11. First segment with two yellow spots.
o bie 12. The spots elongate or oblique’ fascie.
O.Gtrer?) Ldonrlea a oo Naame ent ec 13. Smaller, very slender, cylindrical.
0. (Ting) poareraua Vir Co) mmr YG Jove, ies 117. conformis.
eS one Os as 13, 13. Larger, notslender. 116. vagus.
Bea 12,12. The spots rounded, or small, or triangular.
OG Ered) provecusa Vin (02 ) pi ek cai 13. Margin of 2d segment slightly reflexed.
View DlOdn) aprctatilitrrro Veo (22). 121. { collega.
6 (Stes) semen Ven Ga) ernden te taser bab- 120. & Toas.
amt ald. ay, flac. 13,13. Margin of 2d segment punctured, not sen-
sibly reflexed. 119. anormis.
a Ss sateen adenine ee 11,11. First abdominal segment without yellow spots.
Verne OCS tee a) ieee | 12. Post-scutel bipunctate with yellow.
wt. ald run
132. Nortonianus.
et Ieee Satie eee y area 12,12. Post-scutel with a yellow band.
; 13. Margin of 2d segment slightly reflexed.
0 (Stew 2) wrewratictin Nun (ob) © refuted a 19%: Gcottene
. . ga.
a ‘ 190. U Tous:
13,13. Margin of 2d segment not refiexed.
14. Ornaments rufous, feet rufous, body
velutinous. 126. propinquus.
14,14. Ornaments yellow or pale; feet black
‘and yellow, or yellow.
15. Small; ornaments luteous.
* 125. Kennicottianus.
15,15. Ornaments yellow.
16. Segments 1-4 margined with yel-
low. Abdomen ovate.
119. { anormis.
126. propinguus, var.
16,16. Segments 1, 2, 4 margined with
yellow. Abdomen slender.
17. Body much variegated with
orange-yellow ; femora yellow.
122. bacuensis:
17,17. Body passably variegated with
sulphur-yellow ; femora black.
123. pedestris.
10,10. Second abd. segment without free yellow spots.
11. First abd. segment with two yellow spots or
fascie.
12. With two oblique fasciz.
116. vagus, var.
ODYNERUS. 307
12,12. Wi'h two free spots. 121. collega, var.
13. Fossette of metathorax rather angulate
superiorly. 129. Terensis.
13,13. Fossette of metathorax rounded.
121. collega, var.
11,11. First and second segments without free yel-
low spots.
12, Only the first two abd. segments margined
with yellow or luteous.
13. Tibiz and tarsi quite yellow or ferrugi-
nous.
14. Rather large; margin of 2d segment
reflexed. 121. collega, var.
14,14. Smaller, slender; margin of 2d segment
not reflexed.
15. Ornaments wide, deep yellow; 2d
segment strongly punctate.
128. perennis.
15,15. Ornaments narrow, pale sulphur-yel-
low; 2d segments finely punctate.
145. ( Tacubaye, var.
148. | Mohicanus. .
147. Huro.
136. | Catlepetlensis.
13,13. Tibize and tarsi black, or maculate with
yellow or luteous.
14. Insect not very slender; ornaments yel-
low; abdomen ovate, margin cf first
segment wide, widened on each side;
feet black. 135. mystecus.
14,14. Insect slender.
15. Ornaments pale.
16. Abdomen truncate at base; meta-
thorax superiorly margined by
an arcuate crest.
138. Araucanus.
16,16. Abd. spindle shaped ; metathorax
not crested superiorly. Yellow
margins quite narrow.
146.
143.
15,15. Ornaments yellow; first abd. seg-
ment rather sessile, square above,
pruinosus.
144. coyolus, var
totonacus, var,
rugose. 131. fiyulus.
12,12. More than two segments margined with
yellow.
13. Segments 1, 2, 4 margined with yellow.
2808
HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART Es
14. Metathorax rough, rather angulate; 5th
segment margined with yellow.
129. Yexensis, var.
14,14. Metathorax rounded, rather rough; 5th
segment not margined.
127. Pennsylvanicus.
13,18. The third segment margined with yellow.
14. The following segments margined with
147. | Huro.
135. | mystecus.
14,14. Segments 1-4 margined with yellow.
15. Margin of 2d segment rather refiexed.
121. collega, var.
15,15. Margin of 2d segment not reflexed.
16. Only the segment 14 9°, 1-5. 4
margined with yellow.
yellow.
17. Body elongate ; abdomen eylin-
drical ; metathorax depressed,
flattened. 130. fascicu/latus.
17,17. Body not so slender; abdomen
more ovate, contracted at base;
metathorax short, rounded.
133. Victorie.
16,16. All the segments margined with
yellow.
17. Ornaments luteous; anus black.
125. § Aennicottianus.
134. | Inea.
17,17. Ornaments yellow.
18. All the margins wide; anus
yellow. 137. mayus.
18,18. The last margins narrow; anus
hises Victoria.
134. | Inca.
8,8. Posterior margin of prothorax adorned with yellow,
and often also its anterior margin quite black.
9. A free spot on each side of the 2d abd. segment.
126. propinquus.
9,9. No free spot on the 2d segment. :
10. Quite slender; only the first two segments mar-
gined with pale sulphur-yellow.
11. Feet black; tibie often maculate with yellow.
Small. 143. totonacus.
Very small. 144. coyotus.
11,11. Tibiz and tarsifulvous. 145. Tacubaye.
10,10. Not so slender, abd. more ovate; all the seg-
ments margined with yellow.
11. Metathorax rugose, reticulately rugose or
punctate.
ODYNERUS. 309
12. Body fulvo-velutinous ; prothorax and first
seginent posteriorly well margined with
yellow ; wings ferruginous on the anterior
edge. 139. otomitus.
12,12. Body argenteo-sericeus ; prothorax and Ist
segment very narrowly margined, or quite
black; 2d segment widely margined ;
wings cloudy. 141. Peyroti.
11,11. Metathorax punctate, not so rugose; wings
smoky. ° 138. huastecus.
Description of the species.
I. Metathorax having its posterior plate superiorly terminated
by two erect teeth, or by an erect crest.
A. Metathorax not prolonged beyond the post-sculel, but truncate
at its apex, posteriorly excavated, angulate on each side ;
the superior edges of the posterior plate terminating in two
erect spines, which are separated from the post-scutel by
deep fissures.
This type establishes the passage from the true Odynerus to
the Stenodynerus. The metathorax continue to be formed as in
the Odynerus propr. dict., angular and sharp, but the post-seutel,
instead of being transversely truncate and crested, advances
angularly between the spines of metathorax, and is not sensibly
truncate. The first abdominal segment is short and truncate
anteriorly. The other characters are quite those of Sfenodynerus:
Head rounded and convex; body slender, rather cylindrical, the
first abdominal segment more punctate than the rest of the
abdomen.
Liz. O. spimifer Savss.—Gracillimus, elongatus; clypeo piriformi,
punctato, apice arcuato-truncato, biangulato. Caput, thorax et abdo-
minis primum segmentum, tenuiter dense punctata. Thorax convexus,
antice haud coarctatus, tenuiter eristato-marginatus ; scutellis deplanatis ;
post-scutello trigonali, apice haud vel obsolete truncato; metanoto
postice oblique excavato, canthis /atera/ibus valde acutis, utrinque
dentem eflicientibus; foveola strigata, rugosa; canthis inferis acutis,
valvis articulationis latis ; canthis superis obsoletis, superne pone post-
seutellum in spinas 2 erectas elongatas excurrentibus. Abdomen sub-
velutinum , primo segmento brevi, latitudine fere secundo wequali, an-
tice rotundato, truncato, superne per suleum partito ; seeundo elongato;
310 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART T.
segmentis 2-6 tenuissime punctatis. Corpus nigrum; mandibularum
apice, tegulis, tibiis tarsisque, ferrugineis; punctis 2 in summo clypeo,
puncto frontali, puncto utringue post-oculari, et altero in oculorum sinu,
pronoti linea antica interrupta, macula subalari, puncto utrinque in
metanoti dentibus lateralibus abdominisque segmentorum 1i, 2! fascia
angusta, flavis vel luteis. Alis fusco-nebulesis; venis fuscis, tegulis
flavo-punctatis 9.—Longit. 10 mm.; ale, 7.5 mm.
Odyn. spinifer Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. X, 1858, 168, 9.
fiess. a. diff.—In this species the distribution of the colors is
very characteristic. The scutel and post-scutel continue black,
although there is a yellow spot under the wing. The yellow
spots are all quite small and the bands quite narrow. These
ornaments are whitish on the head and thorax, more yellowish on
the abdomen.
_ This Odynerus resembles O. scutellaris by its metathoracic
erect spines, but the forms are quite different; the post-scutel is
not transversely truncate; the abdomen is more cylindrical; and
it is the Ist segment which is the most strongly punctate, just
the contrary of what appears in scutellaris; the head is more
rounded, more convex; the metathorax more excavated, but its
concavity is smaller; the livery is quite different.
Hab. Brazil, Para.
B. Metathorax truncate, excavated; superiorly nargined by an
arcuate ridge, rather crenulate, separated on each side from
post-scuiel by a fissure.
113. O. Araucamus Savss.—Parvulus, niger, gracillimus, cribri in-
star punctatus ; pronoto valde angulato; metanoto superne cristulato;
linea scapi, puncto frontali et subalari, tegularum marginibus, litura
angusta pronoti marginis antici et post-scutelli, nee non fasciis 2 abdo-
minis, albidis. 9.
‘Odyn. Araucanus Sauss. Reise. Oester. Fregatte, Novara. Hymenop. 14,
13, fig. 8, 9.
Total length,8 mm.; wing,5mm.
2. Small, slender, cylindrical; head and thorax densely punc-
tate; abdomen rather more finely punctate. Head excavated
posteriorly. Prothorax having its angles very sharp. Meta-
thorax almost vertically truncate, rugose on its superior part;
its hinder face much excavated; the excavation almost polished,
ODYNERUS. 311
nearly forming on each side a‘sort of angle, acutely marginate
superiorly in an are of a circle; the margin rough, slightly
elevated behind the post-scutel, crenulate, separated from post-
scutel by a fissure. Abdomen cylindrical; the first segment
rather elongate, anteriorly rounded-truncate. |
Black, shining; mandibles, apex of the tarsi, and antenne
beneath, ferruginous; a line on the scape beneath, a frontal and
post-ocular spot, anterior margin of prothorax, two spots on the
margin of the tegule, post-tegule, one or two spots under the
wings, a line on post-scutel, and the margin of the first two abdo-
minal segments, luteous. Feet black. Wings subhyaline, the
nerves brown. |
Ress. a. diff.—It much resembles Ancistr. scabriusculus, but is
distinct by its abdomen, without suture.
flab. Chili (Museum of Vienna).
C. Form not very slender. Metaithoraxz produced horizontally
beyond the post-sculel ; then vertically truncate; the post-
scutel quite enveloped by it posteriorly, not reaching up to
the edge of the posterior face of metathorax ; the posterior
Jace of metathorax superiorly terminating in an erect crest,
parted by a fissure. Verlex in 9 having two pilose tubercles.
This type is in the Stenodynerus, the corresponding represen-
tative of the type of A. 4-sectus, in the Slenancistrocerus. It
has also the metathorax prolonged and the vertex armed with
two pilose tubercles. But the abdomen, although polished in the
same way, is much contracted at base.
Lid. O. huctuosus Savss.—Validus, ater, rugosus, nigro pilosus;
clypeus piriformis, paulum punctatus, apice paulum emarginatus, bi-
dentatus. Caput et thorax crasse punctata, rugosissime secundum
longitudinem elevato-strigata; vertice cirris 2 piloram nigrorum in-
structo, pronoto cristato-marginato, angulato; scutello levi, nitido,
Sparse punctato; post-scutello depresso, integro; metathorace rugo-
Sissimo, transverse elevato-striato, nec non utringue subtus arcnato-
Strigato, velutino et longe nigro- vel cinereo-piloso, pone post-scutellum
producto, dein truncato; postice tantum in medio foveolato, grosse
Strigato; sed in summo, supra foveolam in cristulam producto, trans-
versam crenatam, in medio divisam. Abdomen nitidissimum, sparse
punctatum; primo segmento Lasi truncato valde angustiore quam se-
cundum; secundo supra in tuberculum tumescente.—Linea mandibu-
larum, macule 2 laterales clypei, linea in antennarum Scapo el macule
312 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
2 magne in basi secundi abdominis segmenti, albide. Ale nigre-
violacee.—Longit. 20 mm.; ale, 17 mm.
Odyn. luctuosus Sauss. Et. Vespid. Ili, 220, 114 (1854).
This Odynerus has many characters in common with the 0.
4-sectus ; tubercle of 2d segment (here much m re developed) ;
form of clypeus, brush of vertex, superior termination of meta-
thorax ; but it differs from it by the strong rugosities, by the form
of the striz of the head and thorax, and by its metathorax which
offers no trace of latero-superior ridges, so that the lateral ridges
are continued with the inferior ridges, in forming lateral trenchant,
but not acute angles.
The first abdominal segment is a little funnel-shaped, truncate.
The maxillary palpi have the 2d article long and slender, and the
- last three quite small, although longer taken together than the 3d.
The two spots of the abdomen might cause this Odynerus to
be taken for the O. bidens, if its form and punctuation were not
wholly different. |
Hab. America. Which part, not known.
II. Metathorax not forming erect spines or crests behind the
post-scutel. Its superior face not produced behind the post-
scutel. This last not posteriorly truncate, but angular.
Post-scutel generally yellow, scutel usually black.
The great number of species composing this group, and the
intimate relations which they bear to each other, make me
doubtful of my success in defining them with certainty.—The
species are all of moderate or small size.
1. Body slender, cylindrical. Concavity of the metathorax
wide, sometimes rather distinctly limited. First abdominal
segment bell-shaped, rather elongate, widely rounded ante-
riorly, sessile or subsessile. Thorax rather elongate,
vaulted, subcylindrical.
(Group of O. conformis.)
This group represents the true Stenodynerus with elongate,
slender, cylindrical forms Among the Stenancistrocerus this
has quite a corresponding facies in the group of A. fulvipes, so that
one may find it difficult to distinguish some of the corresponding
ODYNERUS. 313
species- of both series. Thus O. vagus seems nearly of a form
with A. fulvipes, in which the suture of the first abd. segment
should disappear.
A. Metathoraxz slightly prolonged under the post-scutel beyond
it, being truncate before;' tts concavity margined with
sharp edges, nearly angulate on each side.
a, Abdomen slender, cylindrical; first segment as wide as the second, Body
velvety.
115. 0. Emyo—Gracilis, elongatus et angustus, ommino velutinus ;
clypeo ° piriformi, punctato, apice biangulato ; capite et thorace grosse
eribratis ; pronoto biangulato ; metanoto granuloso, pone post-scutellum
foveolato-truncato ; ejus foveola rotundata marginibus arcuatis, hebet
atis punctatisque circumdata; canthis inferis utringue dente duplice
instructis ; abdomine valde elongato, angusto; dense punctato et velu-
tino; primo segmento magno, elongato, basi truncato, supra fere pariter
. longo quam lato, grosse cribrato et in longitudinem per canaliculum
obsoletum partito.—Niger; ore, capite abdominisque segmentis 3-6,
obscure ferrngineis ; clypeo, thorace et abd. secundo segmento nigris ;
tegulis, post-scutello, metanoto, abdominis primo segmento et pedibus,
aurantiis ;autennis aurantiis ; basiferrugineis ; alis flavis, parte apicali
nigra. Longit. 12 mm.
%. Minor; metanoti canthis paulo distinctioribus macula frontali et
clypeo, flavis; hoc anguste polygonali, bidentato; antennis uncinatis,
aurantiis.
Odyn. Enyo Ler. St. Fara. Hymen. II, 648, 33 (1841).—Sauss. Et.
Vespid. I, 185, 81.—Sacra’s Hist. de Cuba, Ins. 770.—Cresson,
Philad. Entom. Proceed. IV, 1865, 165.
Odyn. elegans Gur. Icon. Regu. Anim. Ins. 446, pl. 73, fig. 5 (1842).
Hab. Cuba.
B. Metathorax scarcely, or not distinctly produced under
the post-scutel, beyond tt.
a. Abdomen elongate, cylindrical, with the Ist segment as wide as the 2d,
elongate; or ovoid-elongate with the 1st segment a little narrower, rounded.
* The 1st and 2d abdominal segments each adorned with two yellow spots, or fascia
beside their marginal fascia.
( Observation, —These spots are often wanting, particularly in O. toltecus.)
_! This type finds in the Stenancistrocerus its corresponding type in
Stenanc. histrio.
314 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I,
Neat Se Ramer Lic. ©. wagus Savss.—Elongatus, gracilis, punctatissimus; flavo-
e ifara, Mech Pacha. variegatus ; abdominis segmentis 1-2, vel 1-4, flavo-limbatis; primo
11, 1703). insuper fascia interrupta flava} secundo punctis 2 liberis flavis, mar-
gine subcanaliculato, crassius punctato, ?.
Odyn. vagus Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. IX, 1857, 277, 9.
Total length, 11-12 mm.; wing, 9 mm.
©. The whole insect coarsely punctured. Head wider than
high. Clypeus pyriform, subbidentate. Prothorax slightly
angulate. Metathorax not very rugose superiorly, presenting on
each side of post-scutel a little flat place; its posterior face
excavated, but the fossette not margined by ridges; the margins
quite rounded and rugose. First abdominal segment rounded
anteriorly, cribrose with coarse punctures, which continue at some
distance on the anterior face; 2d segment very little wider than
the first, quite cribrose with punctures, not quite so coarse as on
“s | the first segment, except on the margin, where they become just
as coarse; the margin is also very slightly canaliculate. Beneath,
the 2d and 3d segments are cribrose with large punctures, which
are variable or effaced.
Black. Antenne black, with a yellow line on the scape. An
arcuate line on the summit of clypeus, a macula at base of man-
dibles, a frontal spot, a spot on the sinus of the eyes, and a post-
ocular line, yellow. Two spots on prothorax (or a submarginal
interrupted bi-arcuate band), a spot under the wing, tegule, and
their appendix, a band on the post-scutel, and the edges of meta-
thorax, bright yellow. The 3d—4th abdominal segments narrowly
margined with yellow, the 2d more broadly; the Ist segment
adorned in addition with two oblique lateral lines (or an inter-
rupted transverse fascia on its middle, near the base), and the 2d
with two lateral yellow or rufous spots. ‘The margin of the first
wider in the middle, narrower on the side.
Legs black; knees, tibie, and tarsi yellow or ferruginous.
Wings subhyaline or smoky. |
Var. a. Clypeus black, with two yellow dots on its summit and
often two at its apex, or yellow, with a black triangle.
b. All the abdominal segments margined with yellow.
e. Only the first two segments margined with yellow.
d. The edge of 2d segment a little reflexed.
ODYNERUS. 315
e. The yellow macule of metathorax quite variable, forming
two lines or four spots, or only marking the inferior edges.
f. A yellow spot on the mesothorax before the scutel.
g. Prothorax with a complete yellow margin or with four spots.
h. The spots on the 2d segment very small (or wanting 7).
7. Ornaments passing into ferruginous,
&. Unknown.
Ress. a. diff.—This species has quite the appearance of Ancis-
irocerus fulvipes and secularis, although without suture on the
Ist segment. But these two species must not be taken as acci-
dental varieties of the same. QO. vagus has the thorax not so
cylindrical, shorter, a little wider anteriorly, and in the middle,
narrower behind; the Ist abdominal segment is more rounded,
more depressed at base; the 2d segment is also a little wider,
which makes the abdomen not so cylindrical; the whole insect is
not so coarsely punctured in vagus, especially on the clypeus;
and the 2d segment is more finely punctured than the 1st, while
in fulvipes and secularis, the clypeus and 2d segments are
generally as coarsely punctured as the rest, although there exist
some differences in the various specimens. It greatly resembles
_O. oculatus ‘in its livery, but the 1st abdominal segment is larger,
with more elongate yellow dines, not spots, etc. —It approximates
‘still more to O. conformis (Comp. this species).
Hab. United States, New York (EH. Norton), Illinois (B. D.
Walsh), Tennessee (H. F. Falconnet).
11%. 0. comformis Savss.—0O. vago simillimus, at minor, gracilior, pjsaty aawa 4 pen
magis cylindricus, crassius punctatus ; clypeo 9 crassissime cribrato- Dee ee oN
coe «Off aN ,
punctato, metanoto valde rugoso, primo abdominis segmento basi trun- ms
cato, in cantho rugoso; 20 segmento crassius punctato, margine rugo- :
sissimo, reflexo; niger, flavo-variegatus ; clypeo flavo-4-punctato, vel
fascia aut lineolis 2 flavis; abdominis segmentis 19, 29 solis flavo-mar-
ginatis, 1° utrinque insuper fascia obliqua, 2° utrinque macula flava. 9.
Odyn. conformis Sauss. Et. Vespid. III, 219, 112, 9 var. (1854).
Total length, 10 mm. ; wing, 7 mm.
©. A species quite approximating to O. vagus, but smaller,
more slender, more elongate, quite cylindrical, and the first abd.
segment longer than wide. The punctures coarse; the ornaments
nearly the same.—This species still more resembles the O. /ul-
vipes; it has much of its elongate-cylindrical form and rugose
316 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PARTI.
punctures, but the lst abdominal segment has no suture and is
smaller.
Head orbicular or even theties than wide; the antenne inserted
almost below its middle. Clypeus shining, very coarsely cribrose.
Head and thorax coarsely punctate; metathorax a little elongate,
very rough; its concavity deep; the upper cheeks more convex
and prominent than in vagus; the lateral ridges not so much
pronounced. Abdomen elongate and cylindrical, very coarsely
punctured, especially the edge of the 2d segment, which is rather
strongly reflexed; the first segment truncate at base, not so much
rounded as in O. vagus, forming a transverse rugose edge; the
rugosities sometimes resembling a vestige of a suture.
The livery is just the same as in O. vagus, but the segments
3-5 of the abdomen have no yellow margin; the clypeus generally
has two yellow lines near the top and the disk of metathorax a
basal yellow spot. In the southern provinces the wings become
rather cloudy.
%. Unknown.
Ress. a. diff.—This should he oe with O. pedestris,
perennis, Kennicotianus, and anormis.
Hab. The United States, New York (4. Norton), Pokdsse
(Fuchs).
AIS. O. Toltecus Savss.—Nicer, gracilis, cylindricus, erasse punctatus,
fuivo-pictus ; abdominis segmentis 1°, 2° flavo-limbatis, utrinqne flavo-
bipunctatis ; secundi margine maxime canaliculato, maxime reflexo.—
* vertice tuberculato.
Odyn. Toltecus Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. IX, 1857, 277. ;
Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 7 mm.
-Form as in 0. vagus. Body elongate, slender, and cylindrical.
Head orbicular. Clypeus finely punctured, pyriform, termi-
nated by a very small edge. Thorax elongate, convex; prothorax
slightly angulate; post-scutel slightly carinated transversely.
Metathorax narrow, excavated; the tavity strongly punctured,
margined inferiorly by two little converging carine; the edges
rounded, not sharp superiorly. The upper lateral spine of the
articulation elongate; the inferior one triangular on the margin
of the articular cavity. Head, thorax, and first segment of the
abdomen, cribrose with coarse punctures; the following segments
ODYNERUS. a1}
more finely punctured. Abdomen cylindrical, the first segment
in form of an elongate bell, as wide as. the second, rounded ante-
riorly, with a feeble depression above; the second constricted at
base; its posterior edge very deeply and suddenly canaliculate,
with its margin very strongly reflexed, like an erect lamella; the
very deep channel very coarsely punctured. The other segments
finely punctured, not reflexed.
Black. *
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ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
abdominalis, 106
Acolhuus, 352
adiabatus, 171
advena, 211
Alastor, 373
Atastor, 376
ALASTOROIDES, 374
alastoroides, 211
albocinetus, 224
albomarginatus, 154
albophaleratus, 167
albopictus, 43
Alvaradi, 268
Alvarado, 269
ambiguus, 162
americana, 4
americanus, 103
ammonia, 199
analis, 119
anceps, 124
anceps, 125
ANCISTROCERUS, 157
ANCISTROCEROIDES, 211
angulicollis, 376
augulosa, 134
annectens, 272
annulatum, 273
annulatus, 273
anomala, 132
anorme, 318
anormis, 318
ANTEPIPONUS, 361
AntTEzuMIA, 113
Antucensis, 225
Antuco, 226
apicalipennis, 137
apicalis, 279
Araucanus, 310
arcuatus, 219
argentinus, 236
arietis, 19
Arist, 188
arvensis, 270
ater, 65
atra, 65
atrata, 379
attenuata, 106
attenuatus, 106
auratus, 62
auratus, 233
auropilosus, 102
auropilosa, 102
aurulens, 48
aurulentus, 48
aviculus, 73
Azteca, 125
Aztecus, 36, 93, 192, 370
azureipennis, 117
azurescens, 117
bacu, 321
bacuensis, 321
balteatum, 257
Bairdi, 273
Bellone, 193
biangulata, 135
bicolor, 29
bidens, 267
biglumis, 39
binodis, 54
binodis, 20
binotata, 379
birenimaculatus, 175
blandus, 289
Boscii, 255
brachygaster, 238
Brasilianus, 79
Brasiliensis, 127, 376
Brasiliensis, 16
Bravo, 205
brevithorax, 231
brevithorax, 233
brunea, 114
Bustamenti, 172
Bustillost, 162
crerulea, 117
cxruleopennis, 16
082
Californica, 129
Calitornicus, 243
Calligaster, 17
callimorpha, 83
campanulata, 83
campestris, 183
Canadensis, 156
canaliculata, 107 |
eanaliculatus, 107
capra, 163
carbonarius, 17
carinatus, 44
carinulata, 128
carinulatus, 128
castigatus, 255
Catepetlensis, 338
Catskillensis, 168
Cautskilli, 168
cervus, 160
chalicodome, 108
chalybea, 113
chalybeus, 17
Chicimechus, 358
Chicoteneatl, 51
chilensis, 59, 224
Chiliotus, 226
chrysopterus, 38
chrysothorax, 63
cincta-nigra, 133
cinerascens, 38
cineraceus, 379
cingulata, 82
cingulatus, 82, 179
cingulatus, 79
Clarazianus, 173
cluniculus, 297
clypearis, 34
coarctatus, 221
collega, 320
Colocolo. 220
colona, 106
columbaris, 346
compressa, 105
compressus, 105
conformis, 315
vonsobrinus, 100
consors, 261
conspicuus, 177
Coquimbensis, 225
cordove, 264
Cortesia, 119
Cortesiana, 119
coyotus, 345
Cressonianus, 90
cristatus, 156
crypticum, 276
crypticus, 276
INDEX.
Ctenochilus, 372
| Cubensis, 102, 242
cyanipennis, 17, 131
dedalea, 379
dedaleus, 160
debilis, 155
dejectus, 204
denticulatus, 362
diabolicus, 244
diadema, 107
dicomboda, 50
didymogaster, 55
DipymocastrRa, 45
| dilectus, 363
| dimidiata, 119
| disccelioides, 39
Disccelius, 58
dorsale, 143
dorsale, 257
dorsalis, 257
dubius, 44
egregia, 138 ,
elegans, 313
emarginata, 379
Enyo, 313
Epipona, 360, 372
Epiponus, 360, 363
Erinny=, 245
Erinnys, 4
Eumenes, 59
eumenoides, 13
excipiend., 220
excipiendus, 220
‘| extensa, 106 ©
fallax, 367
Farias, 195
Fariasi, 195
fasciculatus, 330
fastidiosusculus, 171
ferruginea, 123
| ferruginca, 98
ferrugineus, 38, 98
Servens, 95
figulus, 331
filiformis, 109
flavicornis, 94
flavipes, 201
| flavopictus, 293
foraminatus, 285
formicaria, 379
formosus, 278
fraterna, 95
fraternus, 20, 95
fulvipes, 201
Jusea, 55
Suscipes, 323
fuscus, 55
Gayella, 13
Gayi, 240
geniculata, 50
geniculatus, 50
Ghilianii, 95, 121
gigas, 17
globicollis, 69
ylobulosns, Lui
gracilis, 44
guadulpensis, 238
Guatemotzin, 40
Guerreri, 294
Guzmani, 206
Heros, 17
heros, 17
Heydeni, 23
Hidalgi, 252
Hilarianus, 50
hirsutulus, 227
histrio, 199
Hoplomerus, 360
Hoplopus, 360
Huasteca, 115
Huastecus, 340
humeralis, 223
Huro, 351
Hypauastor, 376
HyPALASTOROIDES, 374
HYPANCISTROCERUS, 210
Hypopynerus, 212, 213
imitator, 33
Inca, 335
incertus, 84
incommodus, 198
indica, 128
infernalis, 86
infernalis, 120
infundibuliformis, 118°
intermedia, 139
intermedius, 139
Iturbide, 98
Iturbidi, 205
Jurinei, 22
Kennicotianus, 325
labiatus, 222
Labus, 56
Lachesis, 22:
levinodus, 44
- levis, 79
INDEX. 383
La Plate, 240
Leionotus, 212
Leprieurii, 116
Leptochilus, 366
leucomelas, 287
Lewisii, 368
lobulatus, 27
Louisianum, 257
luctuosus, 311
lugubris, 17
macrocephala, 127
macrops, 95
magnus, 16
marginalis, 10
marginicollis, 223
Marthe, 124
Masaris, 4
MASARINA, 3
Maya, 338
Maypinus, 227
Mayus, 338 .
Megera, 283
melanosoma, 376
merula, 59
Merazumia, 114
Matzicatzin, 48
Mexicana, 122
Mexicana, 17
Mexicanus, 75, 369, 374
microgaster, 54
microscopica 82
microscopicus, 82
miles, 85
miniatus, 17
minuta, 81. 95
minutus, 81
miscogaster, 54
Mohicanus, 352
molestus, 290
Moline, 222
Molinius, 222
Monobia, 129
Montezuma, 40
Montezumia, 110
Montezomia, 117
Morelii, 299
Morelus, 299
| morosa, 124
mortuorum, 119
Mystecus, 336
Nahuus, 355
nasidens,
niger, 55
nigriceps, 118
/nigricornis, 22
| Nigripennis, 136
bo
~~
be
384
Nortonia, 159
Nortonianus, 88, 333
Novare, 81
obliquus, 197
obscura, 64
obscuripennis, 225
obscurus, 64
occidentalis, 207
oculatus, 318
ODYNERINGA, 11
Odynerites, 59
Odynerus, 143
Opynerus, 212, 247
olivaceus, 64 9
Olmecus, 25, 95, 3&6
Oplomerus, 360
Oplopus, 360
Orbignyi, 108
ornatus, 106
ornatus, 367
Otomitus, 37, 342
PAcHoDYNERUS, 213, 228
PACHYMENES, 60
pallidus, 44
pallipes, 63
Paraensis, 208
Parazumia, 127
Parredes, 18C
Parredesi, 180
parvulus, 41, 82
pedestris, 322
pelagica, 116
Pensylvanica, 29
Pennsylvanicus, 327
perennis, 328
persecutor, 318
pertinax, 160
peruensis, 237
petiolata, 113
Peyroti, 345
Philadelphia, 153
picta, 106
pilipalpa, 373
pilipalpus, 372
pilosus, 187
piriformis, 20
placidus, 101
Platinia, 125
Poeyi, 45
precox, 240
pratensis, 292
proctus, 260
productus, 365
propinguus, 326
proximus, 323
INDEX.
| pruinosus, 351
PsEupDozumia, 128
Pterochilus, 368 _
Pterochilus, 360, 372
pulchellus, 59
pumilus, 156
pusillus, 82
quadridens, 132
quadrisectus, 193
quinque-fasciatum, 371
quinque-fasciatus, 371
recurvirostris, 17
regulus, 70
Rhynchium, 142
Rygchium, 142
Romandinus, 47, 296
rubritarsis, 117
ruficollis, 226
rufidentata, 118
rufinoda, 19
rufinodus, 19, 365
rufipes, 117
rugosus, 285°
secularis, 202
Santa-Anna, 171 ©
Santa-Anna, 66
Santa-Anne, 171
scabriusculus, 198
sculpturalis, 44
scutellaris, 262
sepulchralis, 119
sericea, 62
sericeus, 62
Sichelianus, 57
silvatica, 132
similis, 344
simplicicornis, 235
simulans, 91
singularis, 377
Smithia, 378
Smithii, 55, 104
sobrinus, 340
spectabilis, 278
spinifer, 309
spinipes, 29
Spinole, 59, 119, 165
spinosus, 31
STENANCISTROCERUS, 189
STENODYNERUS, 213, 301
strigosus, 42
subpetiolatus, 220
substricta, 29
sulfureus, 276
Sumichrasti, 78, 209
Sutterianus, 186
sylvatica, 257
Sylveire, 173
symmorpha, 139
Symmorphus, 15i
symmorphus, 139
Tacubaye, 349
Tapiensis, 218
Tarabucensis, 224
tepanecus, 359
Texensis, 329
Thoas, 319
thoracicus, 74
tibialis, 241
tigris, 160
Tisiphone, 366
Toas, 318
Tolteca, 140
Toltecus, 27, 316
Totonacus, 72, 347
Trimeria, 4
tuberculatus, 221
tuberculiceps, 184
tuberculiventris, 221
tuberculocephalus, 185
tubulifer, 53
turpis, 281
uncinata, 133
uncinatus, 133, 181
25
INDEX.
unifasciatus, 181
Uruguyensis, 100
vagus, 314
variabilis, 137
variegautus, 29
ventricosa, 67
ventricosus, 67
versicolor, 106
VESPIDGZ, 1
vespiformis, 227
vespoides, 5
vestitus, 223
Victoria, 334
Victorie, 334
villosus, 225
Walshianus, 152
Wagnerianus, 94
Westwoodi, 21
Xantianus, 324
Xantianus, 324
Zendalus, 53, 354
Zethites, 13
Zethus, 13
Zetuus, 16
ZeTHUscoULUS, 18
zonalis, 8
zonatus, 239
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EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
Fig. 1. Zethus (Zethusculus) Aztecus Sauss., 4.
la. Its head % enlarged.
Fig. 2. Zethus (Zethusculus) spinosus Sauss., 9.
2a. Its abdomen enlarged.
Fig. 3. Zethus (Zethusculus) Montezuma Sauss., Q.
3a. Its head 9 enlarged.
Fig. 4. Zethus (Didymogastra) Poeyi Sauss., >.
4a. Its head 4 enlarged.
Fig. 5. Zethus (Didymogastra) Chicotencatl Sauss., >.
5a. Its abdomen enlarged, profile.
Fig. 6. Eumenes (Pachymenes) Santa-Anna Sauss., 2.
6a. Its head 9 enlarged.
Obs. By error this figure is marked 4 on the plate.
Fig. 7. Kumenes reguilus Sauss., Q. (Div. O.)
7a. Its head % enlarged.’
7b. The profile enlarged.
Fig. 8. Eumenes Mexicanus Sauss.,9. (Div. 0.)
8a. Its head 9 enlarged.
( 386 )
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EXPLANATION OF PLATE IL.
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g.9. Montezumia Huasteca Sauss., %.
9a. Its head 9 enlarged.
Fig. 10. Montezumia Azteca Sauss., 4.
10a. Its head % enlarged.
Fig. 11. Montezumia Mexicana Sauss., 9.
Fig. 12. Monobia biangulata Sauss., 2.
12a. Its head 9 enlarged.
Fig. 13. Nortonia Teolteca Sauss., 9.
13a. Its head 9 enlarged.
( 388 )
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EXPLANATION OF PLATE IIL.
. 14. Od¥nerus bidems Sauss., % , var.
14a. Its head % enlarged.
dD Odynerus Iturbidi Sauss., 4%.
l5a. Its head % enlarged.
16. Odymerus arvensis Sauss., 9.
l6a. Its clypeus 9 enlarged.
17. Odynerus Californicus Sauss., 9.
17a. Its clypeus 9 enlarged.
18. Odynerus sulfureus Sauss., O.
18a. Its head 9 enlarged. |
19. Odymerus leucomelas Sauss., 2.
19a. Its head ? enlarged.
( 390 )
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EXPLANATION OF PLATE IY.
ig. 20. Labus Sicheliamus Sauss., 2.
20a. Its head enlarged.
g. 21. Odynerus Otomiitus Suuss., 2.
. 22, Odymerus (Stenedynerus) pedestris Sauss., 9.
22a. Its clypeus enlarged.
. 23. Odymerus Totonacus Sauss., >.
. 24. Odymerus Zendalus Sauss., 2.
24a. Its clypeus enlarged.
. 25. Odynerus (Stenodynerus) perennis Sauss., 9.
. 26. Odymerus coyotus Sauss., 4.
ig. 27. Odymerus Tacubay@ Sauss., 4.
. 28. Odymerus bacuensis Suuss., 4.
28a. Its head % enlarged.
ig. 29. Odynerus (Epiponus) dilectus Sauss., %.
29a. Its clypeus % enlarged.
ig. 30. Odynerus (Epiponus) denticulatus Sauss., 4.
30a. Its clypeus % enlarged.
fig. 31. Pterechilus mexicanus Sauss., 9.
3la. Its clypeus 9 enlarged.
(392)
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