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NAAAA AANA, AMMAR AR, An Ae mre NUNN y NANAK AANA AAA AAR AAARAA P nAAaA ANAAAAA nan t AANANANAA, WAlarya' fs AAALA AA ‘AGA ARRAY ANNAN AG natin Aihans wi RAIA A aA fa ARN AA A VAnanan B A AIRA ‘AR: AY AMA ‘A M | : einer ee AAA AAAAA AA : ‘AN 3 : spt AAA PAAR Al AsARARARE satag, . AAY RAS i ‘A LIA se i x \A ave AA : | A An Nn A spre p ; , Aay’® Ann eet Aan WAAARA A a AAA BAA. AAA AMAA Nanaiecy ‘AR a AR AAAAAS fala NAN AAR AD KC ARA NAA RA aA af se P AR RBA AAR NAAAARARA “AAAA sAanannnnnaneh NADA ANA A APA AAA WAR an AranmanannyaltNs: 7 pAAAAAAR aaa” AARARAANA _ “LAAAAAAA AAA AP ApAAA Aa, Aaa 8 ‘AA AAS bas AAW lal. Aadraar AAS ARRAALIAAATT TIA >| Of Moliusin, T 3h BO acpi vl . — A SYNOPSIS orem ids E ACV tie ve ORE. N ATA D Ess? BY ISAAC LEA, MEMBER OF THE AM. PHIL. SOC.; OF THE ACAD. OF NAT. SCIENCES OF PHIL. ; OF THE LYCEUM OF NAT. HIST. OF NEW YORK; OF THE AMERICAN GEOL. SOC.; OF THE GEOL. SOC. OF PENN.; OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL LYCEUM; HON. MEM. OF THE BOSTON SOC. OF NAT. HIST.; OF THE MED. SOC. OF ORANGE COUNTY; OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY, BENGAL ; OF THE PHYSICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GENEVA; MEM. OF THE IMPERIAL SOC. OF NAT. HIST. OF MOSCOW; OF THE ROYAL PHYSICAL SOC. OF EDINBURGH; COR. MEM. OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOC. OF LONDON; OF THE ROYAL ACAD. OF SCIENCES OF TURIN} OF THE LINNEAN SOC. OF BORDEAUX; OF THE NAT. HISTORY SOCIETY OF ATHENS; OF THE NAT. HIST. SOC. OF MONTREAL; ETC. ETC. 25 772 SECOND EDITION, ENLARGED AND IMPROVED. PHILADELPHIA: CAREY, LEA & BLANCHARD. 1838. CONTENTS. Synopsis of the Family Naiades. Division of the Family Naiades. 2 . Genus Margarita. Subgenus Unio. Subgenus Margaritana, Subgenus Dipsas. . Subgenus Anodonta. Genus Platiris. Subgenus Iridina. : : Subgenus Spatha. : : 4 : Addenda. . : : : : : F A . Geographical Distribution of the Species of the Family Naiades. Genus Margarita. Subgenus Unio. Subgenus Margaritana. Subgenus Dipsas. Subgenus Anodonta. Genus Platiris. Subgenus Iridina. Subgenus Spatha. List of Authors. a 7 mashl 4 bel ae raat a bois : mol «ae WF ui 7 Boat eur gels : jane uA win) es ee ie qu ‘age fru x naar yids si ae - 7. ovriah Becki 7) i ve hae F | a At F as ak a Riis cgay a i py Oe ee al at | basil ut _ sol a hots he < | 3. Subgenus Dipsas Z ae Symphynote—Dipsas _plica- S Having a linear tooth under the dor- tus.° Ka sal margin. f Symphynote—Sym. magni- 4 Subgenus Anodonta, | fica,’ &e. Non-Symphynote—An. flu- Having no teeth. viatilis,® &e. [ 1. Subgenus Tridina, Ne sa exoti- L Having a crenulate dorsal margin. Non-Symphynote—I. Niloti- Having the dorsal margin non-cre- ca.’ nulate. GENUS PLATIRIS. FAMILY NAIADES. | 2. Subgenus Spatha, | Il. After the divisions of Symphynote and Non-Symphynote shells, we have what appears to me four very natural subdivisions, viz. Of Say. Of Lamarck. Of Barnes, Of Say. Of Leach, Only two species yet known, this and §. discoidea, Lea. Lea. Mytilus fluviatilis, Sol., Dill. &c. An. cataracta, Say. Of Lamarck. Of Sowerby. ~~ pRmn omo nw ep THE FAMILY OF NAIADES. 11 1. Plicate shells.* 3. Spinous shells.t 2. Nodulous shells. 4, Smooth shells.@ Each of these subdivisions may be again separated, according to the form of their outline, thus: 1. Quadrate.* 6. Subrotund.‘ 2. Triangular.’ 7. Wide. 3. Oblique.° 8. Obovate." 4, Oval.* 9. Arcuate.’ 5. Oblong.* The shell is supposed to be lying on its side with the ligament fur- thest removed from the observer, and the beak to the right of it. The base will of course be nearest to him, and the anterior margin to his right, while the posterior margin will be to the left. This is my mode of arranging my whole cabinet, which contains over 2100 specimens of this family, each differing in some character or locality. In attempting to make acomplete synopsis of the Natades, much la- bour has necessarily been expended. I do not present this as a perfect work, but it has been made as much so as the opportunities in my pos- session permitted. Errors may have arisen from two sources: first, default of judgment; second, from accident, owing to the mass of re- search necessary to accomplish the ebject, considering the crude state As Unio plicatus. Lesuweur. As Unio pustulosus. Lea, As Unio spinosus. Lea. As Unio complanatus, (U. purpureus. Say.) No regard of course is paid in this division to the folds or undulations of the beaks, as all the species are more or less disposed to this character. 2 As U. asperrimus. Lea. As U. triangularis. Barnes, As U. clavatus. Lam. As U. crassus. Say. As U. complanatus. Solander, As U. circulus. Lea. As U. rectus. Zam. As U. modioliformis. Lea. As M. margaritifera. (Al. arcuata. Barnes.) Met or # ™ = mpm *h Oo Mm Ot 12 SYNOPSIS OF the subject was in. I shall be most agreeably disappointed if there be not parts pointed out as erroneous which are substantially correct. It will be observed that the works of M. Rafinesque are but little quoted. This has arisen from the utter impossibility of satisfying myself as to his species, causing me at an early period to abandon the task of mak- ing out his very imperfect descriptions. His own discrepancy in the names sent to Ferussac,* and those which are attached to specimens here, together with the want of accordance in the tables made out by his friends, have induced me to regard his claims as being too slender torely upon the decisions, so contradictory, of the several parties, in the absence of the individual specimens noted. In the absence of these specimens, which no naturalist has, I believe, ever seen but the Profes- sor, I feel myself compelled to prefer other authorities, which are now almost universally received by our men of science. I am the more fortified in this conclusion, when I see that his most ardent advocate acknowledges that he has made six species from a single one ;} and the absurdity is still stronger when we turn to Professor R.’s monograph, and find that this single species has furnished several genera, and is placed in fact in fwo different sub-families ! !! In regard to the Catalogue published last year by Baron Ferussac, in which he gives precedence to many of Professor Rafinesque’s names, it must be remembered that this has been done on the authority of others, and not from the inspection of the subjects themselves. Had he known the manner in which these claims had been brought for- ward, he certainly would have admitted them with doubt. * «Tes erreurs involuntaires qui échappent & M. Rafinesque dans ses envois augmentent aussi la difficulté de reconnaitre ses espéces. Nous avons recu de lui les mémes coquilles sous. différents noms, et d’autres avec les noms évidemment autres que ceux qu’elles portent dans sa Monographie. II en est résulté une difficulté inextricable pour la détermination de ses espéces, et pour pouvoir établir une synonymie exacte entre lui et les autres qui, depuis, se sont occupés des Mulettes.”—Magasin de Zoologie, p. 13. t Conrad’s Synoptical Table on New Fresh Water Shells of the United States, p. 72. U. triangularis. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 13 FAMILY NAIADES.—Zamarck. GENUS MARGARITA. I. SUBGENUS UNIO. TRIANGULAR. TRIANGULAR. Hyria avicularis. Lam. Crouch. *angulatus. Lea.t Hyria syrmatophora. Sow. Hyria corrugata.{ Lam. Sow. Hyria elongata2| Swain. Mya angulata. Wood. b Unio caudatus.§ Wagner. i Unio corrugata. Blain. Prisodon obliquus. Schum. 3 Unio rugosus. Wagner.§ Prisodon truncatus. Schum. me Paxyodon ponderosus. Schum. Diplodon furcatum.§ Spiz. , Triplodon rugosus. Spia.§ n . = a *Brownianus. Lea. ) gigas. Lea. a az S . * = Lymnadia gigas. Swain. Zz f sf = : oe lis *levissimus. Lea. = B48 Symph. levissima. Lea, in Trans. = *inflatus. Lea. eae bY J = SM Ree a A Z| Am. P.S. Eaton. a Mi Rae cai cae ea eee Unio levissima. Deshayes. = P.S. = a | : \ | *alatus. Say. - *eracilis. Barnes. Hild. . Unio alatus. Say. Lam. Swain. Unio planus. Barnes. = Bar etna Unio fragilis. Swain. z Mya alata. Wood. Symph. gracilis. Lea, in Trans. Am. | Symph. alata. Lea, Trans. Am. P.S. P.S. Eaton. | | *syrmatophorus. Lea. *compressus. Lea. Myasyrmatophora. Gronovius. Gmel. Symph. compressa. Lea, in Trans. Wood. Dill. Am. PS. | * All the species preceded by an * are in my Cabinet. The inner column forms theeSynonyms. + It will be observed, throughout this Synopsis, that where any change has been made of generic or speci- fic names, that I have placed my name there. This is not done with a view to claim any merit, but in accord- ance with that which is usually done. The object is to show the author of the change, and nothing further. + This specific name having been used by the older conchologists, as well as Lamarck, for a shell from In- dia (Unio corrugata), it becomes necessary, as I retain that as the older, to change this, which I do to Wood’s name. ° § On the authority of Ferussac. || Mr Gray thinks this to be a “perfectly distinct species.” I have never seen the shell, and feel too much in doubt to insert it as such, D b = — us SYNOPSIS OF TRIANGULAR. Cast. quadrilatera.|| D’ Orb. Cast. inflata. D?Orb. QUADRATE. *Nicklinianus.t Lea. *celatus. Con. *foliatus.G Hild. Unio flexuosa? Raf. Unio flexuosus. Con., in text, Mono- graph, page 8. Unio foliatus. Con., in plate 4, Mo- nograph. *multiplicatus.{ Lea. Unio heros. Say, in Disseminator. Unio undulatus. Say, Am. Conch. No. 2. Deshayes. Unio heros. Say, Am. Conch. No. 6. *undulatus.- Bar. Velen. Hild. Desh. Unio costata? Raf. Unio costatus. Con. OVAL. *pliciferus. Lea. WIDE. *multistriatus. Lea. D’Orb. Diplodon ellipticum? Spizx. *plicatus. Lesueur. Say. Bar. Eat. Hild. Unio Peruviana. Lam. j Unio rariplicata. Lam. Unio Dombeyanus. Valen. PLICATE. CE ee ee PLICATE *subtentus. Say. Con. Unio undulata. Desh. Unio multiplicata. Desh. Cosas Be NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. pi a * Rowe : aculissimus. b *trapezoides. Lea. wes Unio crassidens. Lam. Var. a. ayy *Murchisonianus. Lea. Unio interruptus.§ Say. * Unio Douglasiz. Gray. TRIANGULAR. , *ambiguus. Lea. Castalia ambigua. Lam. .D’Orb. ARCUATE. Unio ambigua. Blain. Desh. Sow. ponderosus. Lea. Mya ambigua. Wood. Mya ponderosa. Solan. Dill. | Tetraplodon pectinatum. Spiz. Mya crassa. Wood. *Grayanus. Lea. + This distinct and beautiful species was described from a single valve not entirely perfect. When the whole shall be found perfect, I think it likely to prove symphynote. + When I described the multiplicatus in 1830, I had had several specimens for two or three years, and was not aware that Mr Say had published a shell under the name of heros, which he subsequently abandoned as the undulatus of Barnes; but in 1834 reclaimed as heros. I consider that Mr Say’s abandonment of the species entitles me to it, if my previous claim be not sufficient. § Mr Say, in his ‘‘ Synonymy,” claims precedence in this species, although my Memoir bears date May 1830, while his is December 1831. (See Transylvania Journal, Vol. V.) ‘The reader will not after this he surprised to be told that Mr Say does not allow me, in his very incorrect ‘* Synonymy,” to be the discoverer of a single new species of Unio from our western waters!! I may be allowed also to state, that I do not under- stand why he gives the same name to two of his different numbers: ‘hus, he calls No. 17, U. interruptus, Ra- fin.; and No. 47, U. interruptus, Say. The species are evidently distinct. , | Lowe to the kindness of M. D’Orbigny specimens of this and inflata. I regret, however, that I am compelled to differ in opinion with this distinguished naturalist, believing, as I do, that there has been as yet observed but one species of Lamarck’s Castalia. 4 The male of foliatus is certainly a triangular shee female differs in form very much, having a deep o . THE FAMILY NAIADES. 15 Unio verrucosus purpureus. Hild. * Rep Dorfeuillianus. Lea. Unio tuberculatus. Con. if QUADRATE. TRIANGULAR. *lacrymosus.t Lea. *cornutus. Bar. Unio reflexa? Raf. *asperrimus.t Lea. Unio reflexus. Con. Unio quadrulus. Say. SUBROTUND. *fragosus.§ Con. -| *pustulosus. Lea. Unio verrucosus. Bar. Var. b. Phillipsii. Con. é Unio verrucosa. Valen. ; Unio verrucosus albus. Say; but a *pustulatus. Lea. ss § not of Hildreth.|| fc} g ‘ i] Q2 SYNOPSIS OF OBLONG. OBLONG. | *jejunus. Lea. *fulvus. Lea Unio icterinus. Con. | *complanatus. Lea. Mya complanata. Soland. Dill. *Congareus, Lea. Unio violaceus.t Spangler. ; Unio purpureus.{ Say. Bar. *declivis. Say. Unio rarisuleata. Lam. Unio geometricus.§] Lea. Unio coarctata. Lam. Unio purpurascens. Lam. *Blandingianus. Lea. Unio rhombula. Lam. Unio carinifera. Lam. *depressus. Lam. D’Orb. Unio Georgina. Lam. Unio glabrata. Lam. ° Unio sulcidens. Lam. Unio fluviatilis, Green. Mya rigida? Wood. angustus. Lam. *modestus. Fer. *litoralis. Lam. Pfeif. Des Moul. Grat. Unio crassus. Schr. Retz. Neil. Speng. Unio rhomboidea. Schr. Unio brevialis. Lam. Unio semirugata. Lam. Unio nana. Lam. U U U U SMOOTH. *Griffithianus. Lea. SMOOTH. *auratus. Lea. Nida aurata. Swain. Unio obtusa.§ Fer. Unio depressus.§ . Less. NON- SYMEHYNOTE UNIONES. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. nio subtetragona. Mich. nio incurvus. Lea. nio Pianensis. Farines. nio granosus. Schum. Mysca ovata. Turt. Mya depressa. Don. Nida atrata. Swain. Niaa fragilis. Swain. *confertus. Lea. al — sae *circulus. Lea. Eat. Mya rotunda? Wood. Watereensis. Lea. ; Unio Raveneli.|| Con. *lens.tt Lea. | *paliatus. Ravenel’s Leiter. | | | t+ On the authority of Ferussac. t Mr Conrad is wrong in his ‘*Synoptical Table,” in giving Mr Say’s name precedence, making compla- ~atus a synonym. § On the authority of D’Orbigny. | Prof. Ravenel’s name being previously used for a Unio (Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans., Vol. V.), it becomes necessary to change Mr Conrad’s name, which I do, to that of the river in which it was found. 4 Ido not find either of these names in Mr Say’s Synonymy. He has, however, priority. tt Ihave some doubts whether this should be considered more than a variety of circu/us. Iam not, how- ever, sure, that it is not distinct. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 23 SUBROTUND. SUBROTUND. rubellus. Con. *Kirklandianus. Lea. Masoni. Con. *subrotundus. Lea. Unio politus? Say. Unio suborbiculata. Lam. Blain. Unio glebulus.f Say. infucatus. Con. *coccineus. Lea. Unio coccineus. Dr Hildreth’s Letter. Unio coccineus. Con. Unio catillus. Con. *Paranensis. Lea. D’Orb. | Unio subglobosus. Lea. i Unio Solisiana. .D’ Orb. membranacea.{ Lea. | *rotundatus. Lam. Unio brevialis? Crouch. | Myt. membranacea. Mat. WIDE. : SMOOTH. SMOOTH. Myt. Matoniana. D’Orb. *Shepardiands: © Lea variabilis. Lea. ’ Mya variabilis.§ Mat. Wood. Dill. *folliculatus. Lea. *rectus. Lam. Eat. Unio rotundus. Wag. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. *personatus. Say. Unio capillaris. Lea. Unio prelongus. Barn. Hild. Unio recta. Valen. Unio Sageri?|| Con. Mya prelonga. Wood. Unio torsa. Raf. Eat. *dehiscens.4] Say. *ebenus. Lea. nave Unio oriens. Lea. Unio mytiloides. Con.; not Raf. | *retusus. Lam. Con. maculatus. Con. *angustatus. Lea. + Although Mr Say had published this shell in the Transylvania Journal, and in his Am. Conchology, he omitted it altogether in his “* Synonymy.’’ Other species are inserted from the vicinity of New Orleans. t I formerly placed this with the Anodonte, but D’Orbigny, who has seen the shell in its native waters, having placed it among the Uniones, I follow him, never myself having seen the shell. The figure of Dr Maton (Linn. Trans. Vol. X) is without teeth, and the text says expressly ‘‘cardo edentulus.’”” Notwithstand- ing this, I am inclined to believe that D’Orbigny is right, for the form of the shell is such as I have not seen in the Anodonta. Not knowing what induced M. D’Orbigny to change Dr Maton’s name, I have restored it. § The figure of this shell in the Lin. Soc. Trans., Vol. X., although so much smaller a shell than Para- nensis (nobis), is so much like it, that I should not be surprised if they should prove to be the same. || Mr Conrad’s figure so nearly resembles the male specimens of U. rectus, from Green Bay, in my cabinet, that I am persuaded the Sageri will not prove to be a distinct species. Drs Kirtland and Ward, and Judge Tappan, consider it a variety of gibbosus of Barnes. 4] Mr Say gives Mr Rafinesque’s name of /ata precedence. Mr Eaton says that An. lata, Raf., is Sym. tenuissima, Lea. 24 SYNOPSIS OF WIDE. Mya angustata. Schret. Klein. Mysca pictorum. Trt. Unio rostrata. Lam. Pfeif. Mich. Desh. Bouil. Unio manca. Lam. Unio elongatula. Mithl. Unio Turtonii. Payraud. Unio Capigliolo. Payraud. Unio Requienii. Mich. Unio Deshayesii. Mich. Unio limosa. Nil. Unio longirostris. Zeigl. Unio Limovianscee. Fer. WIDE. *lanceolatus.t Lea. *Anodontoides. Lea. Unio teres? Raf. Unie teres. Con. *parallelopipedon. Lea. D’ Orb. *platyrhynchus.{ Rossmaesler. *Cailliaudii. Fer. a *ovalis. Flem. Sow. Mytilus angustior.§ List. Mya ovalis. Monta. *elongatus. Pfeif. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. rl Myaovata. Don. Mat. Wood. Dill. S Mya depressa. Don. a productus. Con. Mysca solida. Turt. Unio nodulosa. Lam. : Unis agmhidal” “Rez, Pap NE | *nasutus. Say. Barn. Swain. Ra sates ess yk i ; Unio rostratus. Valen. Unio Michaudiana? Des Moul. Tipisteaa. Baal Mya nasuta. Wood. ; : Unio subrostratus? Say. ! Unio rostrata. Stud. Unio Limagne. Bouil. | PAY *Fisherianus. Lea. *pictorum. Lam. Pfeif. Drap. Blain. | : *Jayensis. Lea. Crouch. Flem. .Des Moul. Grat. Bouil. Mya pictorum. Lin. Poli. Diil. | “lugubris. Lea. Wood. Mat. Mya corrugata Maroccana.|| Chem. | *marginalis. Lam. L Long thick horse mussel. Peliv. l Unio anodontina, Lam. + M. Deshayes (2d edit. Lamarck) doubts if /anceolatus be not the young of .2nodontoides. ‘The first has been found only in the waters east of the Alleghany mountains, the last only in the western waters. ‘There cannot be a doubt of their being distinct species. In size they differ altogether. { his is a curious and very interesting new species which I recently received from Vienna. Its habitat is Carynthia. § On the authority of Fleming. || Chemnitz figures this shell, Vol. VI. table 3, fig. 23 & 24. From the description and outline, 1 have little doubt of its being a young pictorwm, more than usually undulated in the region of the beaks. Its being ru- gose over the whole surface, as mentioned by him, is not evidence against its being such. As the first growth subsequently forms the beak of the shell, it ought of course to be rugose, if that be the character of the shell. The inside view is without teeth, but this is doubtless the fault of the draftsman or engraver, as the author speaks of the hinge being like the common mussel. WIDE. WIDE. *iris.t Lea. *Vaughanianus. Lea, Unio nebulosus. Con. Unio Carolinensis. Letter. *tenuissimus. Lea. Symp. tenuissima. Lea, in Trans. OBOVATE. Am. P. 5. : *purpuratus. Lam. An. purpurascens. Swain. ; 3 Mya ventricosa.§ Solan. Unio velum. Say. phreys ? it Tas . *bilineatus. Lea. Ben. Unio ater. Lea. ee Symp. bilineata. Lea,in Trans. Am. a5 Unio lugubris. Say. B P.sS I Unio Poulsoni. Con. Zz esc Z ie) oO 2 Pees 5 > Corrianus. Lea. =) rhombeus. Wag. a | a Diplodon rhombeum. Spiz. SJ) *phaseolus. Hild. Eat. Bare P A ° a) 32 Unio planulatus. Lea. ez) 3 M3 r; fi el cs Ko Hy me Unio cuneatus.{ Barn. (White | 3 cuprinus, Lea. a var.) = | Unio metallicus. || Say. > Zz Zz | S arcus. Con. S *modioliformis. Lea. Unio delumbis. Con. arctatus. Con. *oibbosus. Bar. Eat. Hild. *tenerus. Rav. Unio mucronatus. Bar. Unio tenebrosus. Con. Unio nasuta. Lam. Unio dilatata? Raf. *Tappanianus. Lea. | Unio dilatatus. Con. 1 * Hare Lee contradens. Lea. ; I : | *Patagonicus. D’Orb. & stramineus. Con. + Mr Say in his ‘‘ Synonymy” gives iris as a synonym to his swbrostratus. be entitled to precedence, as my description bears date March 1829, while his is January 1831. THE FAMILY NAIADES, 25 Prof. Ravenel’s Hum- If they were the same I would His descrip- tion, however, of subrostratus does not apply to my iris, and certainly this shell could not have been under his He says that the subrostratus ‘may be said to be the analogue of the eye when his description was made. Unio nasutus (nobis) of the western waters.” species may have been described by him for subrostratus. t In note to Dr Hildreth’s Memoir on the shells in the vicinity of Marietta, Ohio, published in Silliman’s Journal. § On the authority of Ferussac. || Mr Say in his ** Synonymy” claims precedence. January 1, 1831. G As the U. nasutus inhabits the western waters, a variety of that My Memoir bears the date of May 7, 1830; his that of 26 SYNOPSIS OF ( (ARCUATE. Unio hylea. D’Orb. | *crassissimus. Fer. Des Moul. Grat. Unio Guaraniana. D’ Orb. i | Mya crassissima.t Klein. z Unio auricularis.t Speng. The following species are supposed to exist in a z | Unio margaritacea. Drap. fossil state. As the casts only are usually observ- e | Unio sinuata. Lam. Blain. Pfeif. ed, it must be a matter of great doubt as to the pro- 5 e Desh. priety of making species where that is the case :— gi 8 Unio rugosa.t Pir. ? Unio crassiusculus. Sow. Flem. = re Unio concinnus. Sow. Flem. = | Unio uniformis. Sow. Flem. fh *monodontus. Say. Eat. Unio acutus. Sow. Flem. A Unio soleniformis. Lea. Unio Listeri. Sow. Flem. a Unio Solandri. Sow. Flem. 6 ? Unio porrectus. Sow. emarginatus. Lea. Unio compressus. Sow. Unio antiquus. Sow. Unio aduncus. Sow. Being unacquainted with the following species, Unio cordiformis. Sow. I have deemed it best simply to insert a list of them, Unio crassissimus.t Sow. Flem. with the hope of their being determined at a future Unio subconstrictus. Sow. Flem. period :— Unio hybridus. Sow. Flem. Uniorubens. Menke. Unio Uni, Flem. Unio rugatus. Menke. Unio abductus. Phil. Unio Grenlandicus.t Schro. Fer. Unio peregrinus, Phil. Unio orientalis. Fer. Unio petrosus. Mort. Unio nitidens. Fer. Unio tumulatis. Mort. Uimiovobtususs Fer. Unio terrenus. JWort. Unio preciosus, Fer. Unio saxulum. JWVort. Unio pulchellus. Fer. Unio purpuriatus. Say. Unio musivus.+ Speng. aoe eee re II. SUBGENUS MARGARITANA.§ nio truncatus. peng. Unio oviformis. Con. 35 if TRIANGULAR. Unio furvus. Con. Sr ie *complanata. Lea. Unio Juliani. Rang. = ad Alas. complanata. Bar. Hild. Unio Sanaa D Orb. was Symp. complanata. Lea, Trans. Unio rhuacoica. D’Orb. She Am. P.S. Unio Fontainiana. D’Orb. n p : t On the authority of Ferussac. + This name is pre-occupied by Ferussac. § The genus Margaritana was proposed by Shumacher in his “ Essai d’un Nouveau Systéme des Habita- tions des Vers Testacés,” published in 1817, for the Mya margaritifera, Lin. (Unio elongata, Lam. and Alas- modonta arcuata, Bar.) Mr Say, in 1818, proposed to establish this same division under the generic name of Alasmodonta. The Danish zoologist having priority of date must have his name preferred, unless, as Mr Gray thinks, Leach’s name of Damalis has priority of both. Unfortunately, I have not the means of referring to his description. THE FAMILY NAIADES. Q7 { QUADRATE. [ TRIANGULAR. *confragosa. Lea. | Mya undulata. Wood. Alas. confragosa. Say. | Unio hians. Valen. | Unio glabratus. Sow. TRIANGULAR. | *arcula. Lea. OVAL. *Raveneliana. Lea. OBLONG. *marginata. Lea. radiata.$ Lea. Alas. marginata. Say. Bar. Alas, radiata. Con. Alas. truncata.f Say. Unio cariosa. (Var. 2.) Lam. Unio varicosa. Lam. | Bi | Unio calceolus. Say, not of Lea. | U PLICATE *calceola.§ Lea. Unio calceolus. Lea, Trans. Am. Pas: | Alas. marginata.|| Say. Alas. truncata. Con., not of Say. Mya regulosa. Wood. *rugosa. Lea. NON-SYMPHYNOTE MARGARITANA, NON-SYMPHYNOTE MARGARITANA, sMOoTH | | | | | | | | | | Alas. rugosa. Bar. Eat. Hild. | OBOVATE. Alas. abducta. Say. | “Bonelli. Lea. | | Alas. Bonellii. Fer. : ( TRIANGULAR. | Unio depressa. Pfeif. Michi. é | *deltoidea. Lea. Ihe 4) Unio compressa. Menke. e eat 2 *undulata. Lea. | i *Paraguayana. Lea. Alas. undulata. Say. Bar. | Monocondylewa. Paraguayana. 4 Alas. sculptilis (young). Say. meal D Orb. t+ Several specimens of fine marginata have been sent to me from the west, marked las. truncata, Say, being one of his unpublished names, but given by him to various conchologists under thatname. I have never consi- dered it distinct from the marginata of the eastern rivers, although it is generally larger and of finer colour in the exterior. t This shell, in the teeth, except in the size of them, very closely resembles the n. areolatus, Swain. which Mr Say described as Alas. edentula. Although in both these shells there is a small cardinal tooth, in all their other characters they so closely resemble the nodontz, that it is a matter of doubt with me as to the pro- priety of separating them. An examination of the animals, when satisfactorily dissected, may show the ne- cessity of placing them both, notwithstanding their possessing small teeth, with the Jnodonte. § Inmy Memoir in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. II. page 420, (page 34 of ‘¢ Observations on the Genus Unio,’’) I mention this shell as being closely allied to the genus 2lasmodonta of Say. In this Synopsis I have deemed it better to transfer it to the subgenus Margaritana, as the lateral tooth is observable in very few indi- viduals. Deshayes says it is between Unio and Alasmodonta. = || Mr Say in his “*Synonymy”’ makes calceolus and Alas. marginata the same. Iam surprised at this, as their characters, in many respects, are very different, and I have never heard it even suggested before that they eould be confounded. : { D’Orbigny, the distinguished traveller in South America, forms the genus J/onocondylea for a group of shells which he has first observed, and which possess a single cardinal tooth, ‘This tooth certainly differs from that of the Margaritana fluviatilis, Schum., @lasmodonta, Say ; but for the present, at least, I prefer placing them in Schumacher’s genus. The possession of one cardinal tooth, and the absence ofa lateral one, is the dis- tinguishing character of both of them. I am indebted to the great kindness of M. D’Orbigny for the first five— 28 SYNOPSIS OF OBOVATE. The following species are unknown to me :— *Parchappil. Lea. Alasmodonta Tripolitana. Fer. *Corrientesensis. Lea. Monoc. Corrientesensis. .D’Orb. Fi | Monoc. Parchappii. .D’Orb. Alasmodonta incurya. Fer. *Guarayana. Lea. Ill. SUBGENUS DIPSAS. Monoc. Guarayana. D’Orb. ( TRIANGULAR. : *fossiculifera. Lea. | “plicatus.f Leach. = Monoce. fossiculifera. D’ Orb. | Barbata plicata.{ Humph. = | Myt. plicatus. Soland. E Minuana. Lea. Myt. dubius. Gmel. Dill. j ? . 3 . A g Monoc. Minuana. D’Orb. m2 | Cristaria tuberculata. Schum. S|. | arcuate. 2 5 An. dipsas. Blain. Fer. 1 a is J *margaritifera. Lea. ie An. tuberculatus. Fer. E) s Bs F a) ‘01 o| + Mya margaritifera. Lin. Chem. = An. alatus. Sow. s Knorr. Dill.” “Desh. ‘Wood: S Symph. bi-alata. Lea, Trans. Am. fo SI Mat. Monta. Mihl. Retz. Nil. | Z PS. S Margaritana fluviatilis. Schum. mi ol Unio bi-alata. Desh, z | Unio elongata. Lam. Mich. Bouil. | & Z Unio sinuata. Pfeif. eo (Pee : Unio Roissyi. Mich. : discoideus.§ Tea: Unio margaritiferus. Pfeif. Drap. Symp. discoidea. Lea, Trans. Am, Turt : PS. Unio rivalis. Zeig. Unio tenuis. Gray.|| Alas. margaritiferuam. Flem. An. tenuis. Gray.| Alas. arcuata. Bar. *Holstonia. Lea. t *fabula. Lea. the sixth one I place here with some hesitation, as to its proper situation, never having seen it. It is certainly a most interesting group, and it is to be regretted that we have no description of the animal. + Perfect specimens show the whole linear tooth, and the folds on the posterior slope and on the posterior wing, but old and imperfect specimens sometimes exhibit neither. The imperfect figure and description by Leach of this fine shell, led me to believe that it could not be the same with that which I described under the name of Sym. bi-alata. + On the authority of Gray. § The posterior termination of the tooth shows some disposition to duplication, and evidently inclines to pass into the subgenus Unio. || In Griffith’s Cuvier. THE FAMILY NATADES. 29 IV. SUBGENUS ANODONTA. OVAL Schum. Wood. Monta, Tur. Dill. TRIANGULAR. Mat. *Wahlamatensis. Lea. Myt. stagnalis. Gmel. Bose. Dill. Sow. Myt. fluviatilis.§ | Gmel. Myt. fucatus. Dill. Myt. Zellensis. Gmel. Schr. Bosc. Myt. Avonensis. Monta. Wood. Ed. Encyclopedia. Myt. radiatus.|| Mihl. Sehro. Myt. incrassatus. Shep. Myt. macula. Shep. An. anatina. “* Lam. Dill. Drap. | | Sow. Pfeife Flem. Grat. Des | | | | OVAL. *magnifica. Lea. Symp. magnifica. Lea, Trans. Am. P.S. *Woodiana. Lea. Symp. Woodiana. Lea, Trans. Am. P. 8. SMOOTH. SYMPHYNOTE ANODONT., | *Benedictensis. Lea. Symp. Benedictensis. Lea, Trans. Am. P.S WVoul. Bouil. An. sulcata. Lam. An. dentiens. JMenke. An. intermedia. Lam. Pfeif. Bouil. An. variabilis. (Var. b.) Drap. An. cellensis. Pfeif. An. ventricosa. Pfeif. An. ponderosa.4] Pfeif. An. paludosus. Tur. An. grossa. Zeig. An. compressa ltt Zeig. An. obvoluta?tt Zeig. | An. spuria. Count Yoldi’s Letter. SMOOTH. * *Nuttalliana. Lea. NON-SYMPHYNOTE ANODONT., =. 5 SE Oo a arty | PLICATE. OVAL. *cygnea.t Drap. Lam. Crouch. Blain. Pfeif. Turt. Des Moul. Flem. Grat. Bouil. Myt. cygneus. Gmel. Chem. Schro. Dill. Mihi. Monta. Mat. Shep. Tur. Myt. anatinus. Gmel. Chem. Schro. — a a ee —s — ——————$—_——_ SMOOTH. ee ANODONT. An. proboscidalis. Zeig. An. piscinalis. Nil. OBOVATE. | *crispata. Lam. | — + TL have, after a good deal of consideration and examination of my specimens, and the figures in the nume- rous works describing the Naiades, satisfied myself that An. cygnea and An. anatina are not specifically dis- tinct. Ifthe observation of M. Poiret, that the first is viviparous and the last oviparous, be correct, then they should be certainly separated. I feel perfectly persuaded, however, that he must be in error. ‘Turton, in his recent work on the Land and Fresh Water Shells of Great Britain, says he is ‘‘ inclined to think that all our supposed species of this genus may be justly resolved into one.”’ + & of Maton and Racket (Lin. Soc. Trans., Vol. IV.) is evidently, judging from the figure, Onio litoralis. § Gmelin states this shell to be from the fresh waters of Europe, and allied to 2natina. If this be true, there cannot be a doubt of its being the same with cygnea. The fluviatilis of Solaader and Dillwyn is said to be from North America, and is no doubt the cataracta of Say. || On the authority of Dillwyn. § This and the grossa are certainly very different in aspect from the cygnea, Lam., being more ponderous and less produced behind. This difference may, however, be effected by locality. Should it prove constant, ponderosa ought to be considered a distinct species, and I am much disposed to think that such will prove to be the fact. t+ On the authority of Ferussac. H ‘2 30 SYNOPSIS OF OVAL. OVAL. Anodontites cygnea.t Poir. *Ferussaciana. Lea. Anodontites anatina. Poir. : *salmonia. Lea. *Oregonensis. Lea. } *incerta.|| Lea. *Pepiniana. Lea. imbecillis? Say. * é *fragilis. Lam. Newtonensis. Lea. *fluviatilis. Lea. Myt. fluviatilis.4] Soland. Dill. Wood. ; Myt. illitus. Seland. An. cataracta. Say. An. marginata. Say. An. implicata? Say. An. teres. Con. uniopsis. Lam. Chaiziana.t Rang. ——_— *undulata. Say. Anodon*rugosus. Swain. Anodonta Pennsylvanica. Lam. SMOOTH. ee *Wardiana. Lea. A. virgata. Con. *Mortoniana. Lea. An. Chiquitana. D’ Orb. NON-SYMPHYNOTE ANODONTS. NON-SYMPHYNOTE ANODONT. sMOOTH ———————— —_—_ OOo *edentula. Lea. Alas. edentula. Say. * o} : ; Anodon. areolatus. Swain. Coop. gave ie An. glauca. Lam. pav onla. Lea. ovata. Lea. *limnoica. D’ Orb. *plana. Lea. trigona.§ Spi. An. declivis. Con. co purpurea. Valen. *decora. Lea. t On the authority of Des Moulins. { M. Rang informs us that this species has the singular power of maintaining its vitality in the desiccated marshes of Africa, through six months of the burning sun of that region ; and that he had a specimen sent to him in Paris, which was killed nearly thirteen months after it had been taken from its native bed, having occasion- ally been dipped in water for an hour or two only. He also mentions that the /ridina rubens is found with the Chaiziana in the Senegal, and possesses the same peculiarities of remaining in a state of torpidity during the season of great heat. § Ferussac considered trigona as the same with crassa of Swainson. The two figures, however, appear to me to be too different to be considered the same. || Dr Kirtland informs me, that a specimen of this shell, which he showed to Mr Say, was considered by Mr S. to be his zmbecillis. If this be so, Mr Say’s name is entitled to precedence. I have never seen the shell described by Mr S. as imbecillis. _ 4 See note on An. cygnea, page 137. tt The figure of this shell resembles some individuals of Myt. fluviatilis, Soland. (Say’s An. cataracta), but is straighter on the superior margin. In this character it resembles the ¢rapezialis. The observations of Barnes, being made when little was known of this genus, cannot now be admitted. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 31 *lato-marginata.{ Lea. D’Orb. An. trapezius?§ Spiz. An. rotundus? Spis. OVAL. [tao subvexa. Con. *Spixii. D’Orb. Feibbosaae Sey: } porcifer.|| Gray. An. inflata. Major Le Conte's Cabi- *trapezialis. Lam. Blain. net. An. exotica.4] Lam. D’Orb. An. giganteus. Spiz. An. pencillatus? Gray. An. Susanne. Gray. An. radiatus. Spiz. | | *Stewartiana. Lea. | if *orandis. Say. Lesueur. An. corpulenta. Coop. SMOOTH. SMOOTH. a — *anserina. Spi. NON-SYMPHYNOTE ANODONT. ue | *suborbiculata. Say. 1 rol SRAw ent Georgine. Gray. “obtusa. Spia. An. lituratum. Spica. Parishii.ff Gray. Leila Parishii. Gray. *sirionos. D? Orb. *Blainvilliana.tt Lea. An. trapezialis. Crouch. Irid. trapezialis. D’ Orb. NON-SYMPHYNOTE ANODONTS. Se Se ——- 1 | | *Patagonica. Lam. t An. giganteus, Spix., having been before described by Lamarck under the name of frapezialis and ex otica, my species must retain this name. { The Patagonica and lato-marginata, when they are better observed, may prove to be the same. § Spix’s figure so closely resembles the lato-marginata, that I scarcely feel a doubt as to their being the same. He does not, however, notice the broad margin which is so characteristic of this species. || Never having seen this species, I place it here on Mr Gray’s authority. {So far as I have been enabled to examine specimens of this and frapezialis, | am disposed to think they are not distinct species. tt On the authority of Mr Gray. t+ In my description of Blainvilliana (Vol. I. page 189), I observed that I was induced to believe that the animal of this shell would be found to differ from that ofthe genus 4nodonta. M. D’Orbigny, in his Synopsis of the Fresh Water Shells of South America, has in fact so found it. The animal has two tubes. Nevertheless, although I then proposed if such should be the case that it should be placed in a new genus, under the name of Columba, Ihave continued it in the subgenus Anodonta, as, with the present artificial system, which is founded on the hinge, it could not with propriety be elsewhere classed. When the family shall be arranged in a system founded on the animal structure only, it evidently must be changed, and I doubt then if it should be placed in the Tridina, for although it is likely that all the species of that genus have two tubes, they do not seem to possess the deflected palleal cicatrix, which I noted in the description of Glainvilliana. g* { OBOVATE. *esula.f Jan. Irid. esula. D’ Orb. | crassa, Swain. WIDE. elongata. Swain. *cylindracea. Lea. *subcylindracea. Lea. NON-SYMPHYNOTE ANODONT A. *Buchanensis. Lea. *exilis. Lea. OBOVATE. *angulata. Lea. *ensiformis. Spix. D?Orb. NON-SYMPH. ANODON. SYNOPSIS OF { ARCUATE. | *tenebricosa. Lea, D?Orb. *arcuata. Fer. SMOOTH. | sinuosa. Lam. f *soleniformis. .D’ Orb. The following species are unknown to me :— Anodonta folium. Fer. Anodonta Chinensis. Fer. Anodonta curvatus. Fer. Anodonta lugubris. Say. Anodonta impura. Say. Anodonta arcuta. Cail. Anodonta Tevaii. Rang. Anodonta Ferrarisii. D’ Orb. Anodonta lucida. .D’ Orb. Anodonta Puelchana. .D’ Orb. Fossin SPectEs. Anodonta? Abyssina. Mori. + M. D’Orbigny thinks that this is my Blainvilliana, but having his specimens and mine of both the spe- cies, I am induced still to believe that I am correct. The two specimens resemble each other, but are certainly distinct. The deflected palleal cicatrix exists in both, but the esw/a is more rotund, and the dorsal margin is more sinuous, and the nacre bluish white, while the five or six specimens of Blainvilliana which I have seen are all salmon colour. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 33 é GENUS PLATIRIS.+ I. SUBGENUS IRIDINA.{ ' If. SUBGENUS SPATHA. ; OBOVATE. OVAL. s 3 ovata. Swain. *yubens.§ Lea. a Irid. exotica. Children. . Irid. rubens. Desh. Rang. eae Pleiodon Macmurtriei. Con. fs An. rubens. Lam. Blain. mis I An. Clappertoni. Kenig, in Denham = & | ARCUATE. Bs and Clapperton’s Journey. 2 | exotica. Lam. mis 9 Irid. striata, Swain. 2 a eee [ An. exotica. Blain. 2 *Nilotica. Lea. fe) Irid. Nilotica. Sow. Fer. Crouch. a 4 Caill. | An. dubia? Bose. L Irid. Oudnici. Kenig. + Genus Platiris (nobis), raxrvs, latus; ses,iris. Testa xquivalvis, late transversa ; impressiones muscu- lares grandes; cardo longus, linearis; ligamentum externum. { When Lamarck established his genus Jridina, he had seen but a single species, and of that only one in- dividual, which is figured in the Encyclop. Methodique, pl. 204. Other species have been since referred to his genus, which do not seem to me to fulfil the conditions of his generic description. ‘The phrase ‘ cardo per longitudinem tuberculosus, suberenatus,”’ is by no means descriptive of the hinge belonging to the species just alluded to, which have their hinge smooth, or very slightly tuberculated. The figure in the Encyclopedia, and that of Blainville (PI. 66, fig. 3), represent the same individual, and exhibit a character of hinge resembling in some measure that of an Arca. A second species, apparently agreeing with Lamarck’s generic description, has been observed and deseribed by Swainson, under the name of Jridina ovata (Phil. Mag. Vol. L.XI.); and it has also been described by Mr Children under the name of /. exotica, (Brande’s Journ. Vol. XV.). The specimen described in Brande’s Journal is now in the British Museum, and that accurate naturalist, Mr John Edward Gray, who is one of the officers of that noble institution, informs me that he thinks it is identical with the shell upon which Mr Conrad has lately proposed to form a new genus, Pleiodon. Under these circumstances, it seems to me necessary to separate those shells having a crenulated hinge (which are true /ridinz), from those having the hinge smooth, or very slightly tuberculated. 1 therefore arrange the Jridina rubens, Nilotica, &c., in a new subgenus, for which I propose the name of Spatha. § Mr Gray informs me that Cailliaud figures a species near to this from Egypt, which is in his possession, but I have not seen the shell or description. I 34 SYNOPSIS OF ( (wipe. WIDE, gj Myt. Niloticus. Wood. a *siliquosa. Lea. Sih al Le mutel. Adan. oe An. siliquosus. Spia. a Irid. mutel? Rang. ne An. pygmeum (young). Spia. a sj An. longinus. Spiz. nid 54 nid 84 a) s *elongata. Lea. a] Sh Irid. longina. Fer. S| % Irid. elongata, Sow. . : Mycetopoda siliquosus, D’Orb. a gz | z g *soleniformis. Lea. a *celestis. Lea. Mycetopodat soleniformis. D’Orb. Irid. rostrata? Rang. t In the present arrangement, founded on the form of the hinge, I have deemed it better not to adopt D’Orbigny’s genus Mycetopoda, founded on the natural character or habit of the animal. He says, ‘‘ perforat, sicut pholade.”’ In this habit it resembles Unio oriens (nobis), which I have elsewhere stated buries itself about twelve inches below the surface of the sand in which it lives. D’Orbigny mentions that the two anterior cicatrices are widely separated. A more important character appears to be in the fact, that the smaller cicatrix is placed before the larger one. In the Unio and Anodonta it is placed below it, and in the Hyria (Lam.) it is placed above, that is, ina line with the beak. I regret that I have oniy the very short description that this distinguished na- turalist and traveller has given in his Synopsis. Sheuld he publish these descriptions in a fuller manner, which I believe he intends, we may be so informed as not to disagree with him. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 35 ADDENDA. Unio Katherine.t Lea. *Margaritana Franciscana.{ Lea. Monocondylea Franciscana. Mori. + Testa obovata, inequilaterali, subcompressa ; valvulis subcrassis 3 natibus prominu- lis; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, lateralibus subrectisque ; margarita alba. Just as this sheet was going to press I had the pleasure to receive a communication from Lady Katherine Douglas, of St Mary’s Isles, Scotland, accompanied by three beautiful views, drawn by her ladyship, of a shell from Lake Superior, which appears to me not to have been before observed. Wishing that it should be appended to this Synopsis, I have given a short description of it, taking the liberty to propose that lady’s name for it. Ata future period I hope to be able to present it with a figure from her drawings. Its place in the preceding arrangement would be immediately after U. purpuratus (Lam.), being an obovate, smooth, non-symphynote Unio. t Since this sheet was in type I have received from M. Moricand, of Geneva, a speci- men of this interesting shell. Its place in this Synopsis would be between J. calceola and Bonellii, under the division subrotund, smooth, non-symphynote Margaritane. I owe to the kindness of this gentlemen also the U. rotundus (Spix and Wagner), and find it distinet from U. Paranensis (nobis), a matter which has been doubted by M. Moricand. 36 SYNOPSIS OF In Professor Rafinesque’s Monograph, and in his subsequent Papers, are inserted descriptions under the following names. Not being able to identify them, I have deemed it better simply to give a catalogue of them. Those which I suppose I have identified will be found in the foregoing table. Alasmodonta atropurpureum ? Unio cyclips? badium? cuprea? costata ? cyphia? hians? decorticata ? ponderosum ? diploderma ? papyraceum ? rugosum ? sulcatum ? atroviolacea? argyratus ? attenuata 2 diaphanus ? ellipsaria ? elliptica ? scriptum ? fasciata ? Viridis ? fulvus? fontinalis ? Anodonta atra ? fulgens ? aperta ? fasciolaris ? cuneata 2 flava ? digonota ? flexus ? inflata ? fragilis ? lata? granulatus ? Ohiensis ? interrupta ? solenoides 2 lateralis? latissima ? Unio antrosa? leptodon ? leevigata 2 lamobrachys ? lineolata ? aurata 2 lividus 2 bicolor ? megaptera 2 bullata 2 montanus? biloba ? melaplata? cardium? nervosa ? Cliffordiana ? nodulata ? calendis? obliquata ? chloris? obovalis 2 castaneus 2 olivaria ? crassa? ovata 2 cinerescens ? Paphos ? cuneata ? pachostea ? Unio ponderosus ? pallida ? plateolus? pusella 2 pallens? perplexus ? quadrula ? retusa ? rimosus ? rosea 2 rivularis 2 stegaria ? sintoxia ? sinuata 2 solenoides 2 striata ? subrotunda 2 torulosa 2 teneltus 2 triangularis ? triqueter 2 truncata 2 verrucosa 2 viridis 2 viltatus 2 Venus? zonalis 2 Odatelia radiata? Lasmonos fragilis ? Diplasma marginate ? similis ? Vitrea 2 striata 2 THE FAMILY NAIADES. 37 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES OF THE FAMILY NAIADES. To render the preceding Synoptical Arrangement more complete, it was deemed advisable to make such a table as would throw together the spe- cies from each great division of the world; and to make this more useful, it as been thrown into alphabetic arrangement. GENUS MARGARITA. I. SUBGENUS UNIO. Grayanus. Lea. lamellatus. Lea. hese Leaii. Gray. Batavus. Lam. marginalis. Lam. einesissimuse ion! Murchisonianus. Lea. elongatus. Pfeif. olivarius. Lea. litoralis. Lam. ponderosus. Lea. ovalis. Flem. tigris. Fer. pictorum. Lam. platyrhynchus. Rossmaesler. AFRICA. divaricatus. Lea. ASIA. Egyptiacus. Cailliaud. Niloticus. 5 Bengalensis. Lea. Bet tee bilineatus. Lea. ceruleus. Lea. corrugatus. Lam. acutissimus. Lea. Corrianus. Lea. Aisopus. Green. K NORTH AMERICA. 38 alatus. Say. altilis. Con. Anodontoides. Lea. angustatus. Lea. apiculatus. Say. arceformis. Lea. arctior. Lea. arctatus. Con. arcus. Con. asperrimus. Lea. asper. Lea. Barnesianus. Lea. Blandingianus. Lea. brevidens. Lea. camelus. Lea. camptodon. Say. capseformis. Lea. carbonarius. Lea. cariosus. Say. castaneus. Lea. Claibornensis. Lea. clavus. Lam. circulus. Lea. celatus. Con. coccineus. Lea. compressus. Lea. complanatus. Lea. confertus. Lea. Congareus. Lea. Conradicus. Lea. contradens. Lea. Cooperianus. Lea. cor. ~ Con. cornutus. Bar. crassidens. Lam. crassus. Say. creperus. Lea. cuprinus. Lea. Cumberlandianus. Lea. cylindricus. Say. decisus. Lea. SYNOPSIS OF declivis. Say. dehiscens. Say. dolabriformis. Lea. donaciformis. Lea. Dorfeuillianus. Lea. dromas. Lea. ebenus. Lea. elegans. Lea. ellipsis. Lea. fabalis. Lea. Fisherianus. Lea. foliatus. Hild. folliculatus. Lea. fragosus. Con. fulvus. Lea. gibbosus. Bar. gibber. Lea. glaber. Lea. glans. Lea. globosus. Lea. gracilis. Barnes. graniferus. Lea. Greenii. Con. Griffithianus. Lea. Haysianus. Lea. heterodon. Lea. Hildrethianus. Lea. Hopetonensis. Lea. Hydianus. Lea. inflatus. Lea. infucatus. Con. interruptus. Lea. iris. Lea. irroratus. Lea. Jayensis. Lea. jejunus. Lea. Katherine. Lea. Kirklandianus. Lea. levissimus. Lea. lacrymosus. Lea. lanceolatus. Lea. Lecontianus. Lea. lens. Lea. lienosus. Con. lugubris. Lea. luteolus. Lam. maculatus. Con. Masoni. Con. Medellinus. Lea. Menkianus. Lea. metanever. Lea. Miiblfeldianus. Lea. multiplicatus. Lea. mulltiradiatus. Lea. mytiloides, Raf. modioliformis. Lea. monodontus. Say. Nashvillianus. Lea. nasutus. Say. notatus. Lea. Novi-Eboraci. Lea. obesus. Lea. obliquus. Lam. obscurus. Lea. occidens. Lea. ochraceus. Say. orbiculatus. Hild. ovatus. Say. palliatus. Lea. parvus. Bar. patulus. Lea, pectorosus. Con. penitus. Con. perdix. Lea. perovatus. Con. perovalis. Con. perplexus. Lea. personatus. Stay. phaseolus. Hild. Phillipsii. Con. pictus. Lea. pileus. Lea. THE FAMILY NAIADES, pliciferus. Lea. plicatus. Lesueur. productus. Con, pulcher. Lea. pumilis. Lea. purpuratus, Lam. pustulatus. Lea. pustulosus. Lea. pyramidatus. Lea. radiatus. Lam. Rangianus. Lea. Ravenelianus. Lea. rectus. Lam. retusus. Lam. Roanokensis. Lea. rotundatus. Lam. rubellus. Con. rubiginosus. Lea. Schoolcraftensis. Lea. securis. Lea. Shepardianus. Lea. simus. Lea. solidus. Lea. Sowerbianus. Lea. spinosus. Lea. splendidus. Lea. stapes. Lea. stramineus. Con. subovatus. Lea. subrotundus. Lea. subtentus. Say. sulcatus. Lea. Taitianus. Lea. Tampicoensis. Lea. Tappanianus. Lea, teeniatus. Con. tenuissimus. Lea, tenerus. Rav. tetralasmus. Say. trapezoides. Lea. triangularis, Bar. 39 40 trigonus. Lea. Troostensis. Lea. tuberculatus. Bar. turgidus. Lea. undulatus. Bar. Vanuxemensis. Lea. varicosus. Lea. Vaughanianus. Lea. ventricosus. Bar. venustus. Lea. verrucosus. Bar. vibex. Con. Watereensis. Lea. Zeiglerianus. Lea. zigzag. Lea. SOUTH AMERICA. ambiguus. Lea. angulatus. Lea. atratus. Lea. auratus. Lea. Brownianus. Lea. Burroughianus. Lea. charruanus. .D’Orb. Childreni. Gray. depressus. Lam. delodontus. Lam. faba. D’Orb. gigas. Lea. granosus. Brug. membranaceus. Lea. modestus. Fer. multistriatus. Lea. Paranensis. Lea. parallelopipedon. Lea. Patagonicus. D?Orb. rhombeus. Wag. syrmatophorus. Lea. variabilis, Lea. SYNOPSIS OF NEW HOLLAND. a Australis, Lam. Nove Hollandiz. Gray. HABITAT UNKNOWN. angustus. Lam. Cailliaudii. Fer. emarginatus. Lea. discus. Lea. Nicklinianus. Lea. nodulosus. Lea. Smithii. Gray. truncatus. Swain. II. SUBGENUS MARGARITANA. EUROPE. Bonellii. Lea, margaritifera. Lea. NORTH AMERICA. arcula. Lea. calceola. Lea. complanata. Lea. confragosa. Lea. deltoidea. Lea. fabula. Lea. Holstonia. Lea. marginata. Lea. radiata. Lea. Raveneliana. Lea. rugosa, Lea. undulata. Lea. SOUTH AMERICA. Corrientesensis. Lea. fossiculifera. Lea. THE FAMILY NAIADES. Franciscana. Lea. NORTH AMERICA. Guarayana. Lea. Minuana. Lea. Paraguayana. Lea. Parchappii. Lea. angulata. Lea. Benedictensis. Lea. Buchanensis. Lea. cylindracea. Lea. decora. Lea. edentula. Lea. I am unable to place the following in eae oe the t : : able Ferussaciana. Lea. fluviatilis. Lea. AFRICA. gibbosa. Say. Alasmodonta Tripolitina. Fer. gigantea. Lea. glauca. Valen. grandis. Say. incerta. Lea. Alasmodonta incurva. Fer. Newtonensis. Lea. Nuttalliana. Lea. Oregonensis. Lea, ovata. Lea. Ill. SUBGENUS DIPSAS. pavonia. Lea, Pepiniana. Lea. SOUTH AMERICA. Behn plana. Lea. discoideus. Lea. salmonia. Lea. plicatus. Leach. Stewartiana. Lea. suborbiculata. Say. subcylindracea. Lea. subvexa. Con. IV. SUBGENUS ANODONTA. Wahlamatensis. Lea. < Wardiana. Lea. EUROPE. cygnea. Drap. SOUTH AMERICA. anserina. Spica. ae Blainvilliana. Lea. magnifica. Lea. crassa. Swain. Woodiana. Lea. elongata. Swain. ensiformis. Spiz. esula. Jan. AFRICA. : Georgine. Gray. arcuata. Fer. lato-marginata. Lea. Chaiziana. Rang. limnoica. D’ Orb. L 42 SYNOPSIS OF Mortoniana. Lea. The following species are unknown to obtusa. Spix. me :— ; Parishii. Gray. Patagonica. Lam. EUROPE. poreliors, (Gea: Anodonta curvatus. Fer. Spixii. D’Orb. sinuosa. Lam. ASIA. sirionos. D’Orb. soleniformis. .D’Orb. Anodonta folium. Fer. tenebricosa. Lea. Anodonta Chinensis. Fer. trapezialis. Lam. trigona. Spi. AFRICA. Anodonta arcuta. Caill. W HOLLAND. Ad oe Tawaii. Rang. purpurea. Valen. NORTH AMERICA. HABITAT UNKNOWN. Anodonta lugubris. Say. F Anodonta impura. Say. crispata. Lam. exilis. Lea. uniopsis. Lam. FossiL SPECIES. undulata, Say. NORTH AMERICA. Anodonta? Abyssina. Mori. GENUS PLATIRIS. 1. SUBGENUS IRIDINA. Il. SUBGENUS SPATHA. AFRICA. AFRICA. ceelestis. Lea. elongata. Lea. Nilotica. Lea. HABITAT UNKNOWN. rubens. Lam. ovata. Swainson. _ exotica. Lam. SOUTH AMERICA. siliquosa. Lea. ee soleniformis, Lea. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 43 Not being able satisfactorily to make out or arrange the following species, I have deemed it best simply to insert a list, in their order of habitat. EUROPE. Unio rubens. Menke. Unio rugatus. JWVenke. Unio gibbus.t Speng. Unio truncatus.t Speng. ASIA. Unio orientalis, Fer. AFRICA. Unio Juliani. Rang. NORTH AMERICA. Unio Grenlandicus.t Schro. Unio purpuriatus. Say. Unio oviformis. Con. Unio furvus. Con. SOUTH AMERICA. Unio nitidens. Fer. Unio obtusus. Fer. Unio preciosus. Fer. Unio psammoica, .D’ Orb. Unio rhuacoica. D’Orb. Unio Fontainiana. D’ Orb. Unio hylea. D’Orb. Unio Guaraniana. D’Orb. HABITAT UNKNOWN. Unio pulchellus. Fer. Unio musivus.t Speng. The following Fossil species have been observed in Great Britain :— Unio crassiusculus. Sow. Unio concinnus. Sow. Unio uniformis. Sow. Unio acutus. Sow. Unio Listeri. Sow. Unio Solandri. Sow. Unio porrectus. Sow. Unio compressus. Sow. Unio antiquus. Sow. Unio aduncus. Sow. Unio cordiformis. Sow. Unio crassissimus. Sow. Unio subconstrictus. Sow. Unio hybridus. Sow. Unio Urii. Flem. Unio abductus. Phil. Unio peregrinus. Phil. The following have been observed in the United States: Unio petrosus. Mort. Unio tumulatis. Mort. Unio terrenus. Mort. Unio saxulum. Mort. t On the authority of Ferussac, 44 SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY NAIADES. LIST OF AUTHORS. The following Authors are quoted, and their names chiefly abbreviated. /Aldan.—Adanson. Bosc. Bouil.—Bouillet. Blain.—Blainville. Bar.—Barnes. Brug.—Bruguiere. Ben.—Benson. Crouch. Con.—Conrad. Chem.—Chemnitz. Caill.—Cailliaud. Cooper. Children. Dill.— Dillwyn. Desh.—Deshayes. Drap.—Draparnaud. Des Moul.—Des Moulins. Don.—Donovan. Den.—Denham. D’ Orb.—D Orbigny. Eat.—Eaton. Fer.—Ferussac. Flem.—Fleming. Fork.—F orkeil. Far.—Farines. Gray. Green. Grat.—Grateloup. Grono.—Gronovius. Gmel. Gmelin. Hild.—Hildreth. Humph.—Humphreys. Jan. Klein. Knorr. Kenig. Lam.—Lamarck. Lesueur. List.—Lister. Less.—Lesson. MMort.—Morton. Mich.—Michaud. Monta.—Montacu. MVori.—Moricand. JVat.—Maton. Mihl.—Mihlfeld. Menke. Nil.—Nilsson. Poir.—Poiret. Petiv.—Petiver. Pfeif.—Pfeiffer. Poli. Pay.—Payraudeau. Phil.—Phillips. Retz.—Retzius. Rav.—Ravenel. Ross.—Rossmaesler. Raf.—Rafinesque. Rang. Shep.—Shepherd. Speng.—Spengler. Stud.—Studer. Schmidt. Schroet.—Schroeter. Solan.—Solander. Sow.—Sowerby. Schum.—Schumaker. Spia. Swain.—Swainson. Say. Turt.—Turton. Valen.—Valencienes. Wag.—Wagner. 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