£2 7 fill flDemo From Date, •£,!:. ,19 Syonan Botanical To The Director, .....G.ar.den.a.,.._ Syonan, Bot. Grdhs. Syonan-to. Hus . A Lib., S. I forward herewith monthly report of the Botanical Gardens for January, 2603 , in duplicate. SWAN BOTANICAL GARDENS. Monthly Report for January, 2603 . 1. Herbarium * Che 1 Nur re-arranged 4039 specimens of the family Myrtaceae, placing all species within one genus in alphabetical order, and including together under each species specimens from Kslaya and outside Malaya. This makes reference to specimens much simpler than the former arrangement according to Hidley f s Flora, which is now subject to many corrections. Che f Nur also laid in 80 newly mounted specimens et their proper places in the herbarium. Che* Kiah mounted 110 specimens and dried 31 new specimens. Dr. Furtado named 175 specimens for Japanese visi- tors, mostly for a botany teacher now serving in the army; Mr., Holttum also named about 30 specimens. 2. L ibrary . 933 books were cleaned. 106 books were returned from the Printing Office, where they have been bound (the booics were sent for binding last May). The work was not done satisfactorily. In many cases the binders threw away covers and title pages • which they were specially asked to retain, and no titles were printed on the spines of the books. 13 further books were sent for binding. 3 . Dr, Furtado botanical work • Dr. Furtado continued his work on the rattans of the genus Calamus, completing descriptions of 12 more species and 3 varie- ties. He has now completed the account of 28 species out of about 70 in all. It is important that this work should be properly illustrated, and arrangements are being made for the Artist to make drawings, in the first place of the new species. Dr. Furtado also conducted several Japanese officers round the Gardens. He continued to be responsible for purchase and distribution of rice. 4 . Mr. Holttum* e botanical work. Mr. Holttum devoted the greater part of his time to the study of orchids, of which he is writing a serai-popular account. He studied and wrote accounts of the Collabium and Coelogyne groups, and began to deal with the large genus Dendrobium. In connection with this work he made detailed drawings of the flowers of a number of species , and Juraimi bin Samsuri (Label- printer) assisted by drawing the general habit of the plants. No illustrations have been published of many local orchids, and these drawings will b^ very useful. Mr. Holttum also continued his work on ferns, writing a general note on the Athyrium group, and a full account of the Blechnura group. 5. Potting Yard . 308 plants were potted or re-potted, 314 cuttings were made of plants needing propagation. The following seeds were sown; -Fieang 31 ji from r. Sato; 9 Nips seeds from Mr. Sato; 1000 Parinarium corynbosum seeds from Mr. Sato; seeds of 12 kinds of Cannes. 48 plants were sent to the Plant House for display, and a similar number returned for re -potting. Owing to dry weather much time was spent in watering. V Plant House . The pot plants were maintained as usual, routine manuring continuing as in former months; the ferns have made particularly good new growth. 24? new flowering plants were displayed on the steps, from the Chinese gardener’s nursery, and 194 old plants returned. 7. Orchids . 27 new pollinations were made during the month. Of these, 7. failed; a proportion of the others will probably be sterile, but it is hoped that some useful seeds will result from the remainder. Seeds from 10 fruits were sown during the month; several were sterile, but one cross between the genera Spat hog- lottis and Calanthe gave good germination. This is of great interest, as no hybrid between these genera has yet been reported. Other new 3eeds sown ere Dendrobium veratrifolium x stratiotea, Arachnis aggie Oei x Rfnanthera monachica and Arachnis Ishbel x Renanthera Storiei. An~ Aranda -Arachnis cross may have a few good seeds. A seedling of Arnchnls Mai ngayi x Hookeriana flowered for the first time, but is not 30 good as former seed- lings of the same stock. Many Bendrobium and Cattleya plants were re-potted. Among the local orchids, many were re-eond itioned, and several flowered; they were of considerable assistance to Mr. Holt turn in his studies. 8. Work in the gardens. General . The weather was dry from the 7th onwards. This caused flowering of riauy plants, and others are in bud. It also meant more wor^ in watering pot plants, and this was increased by the failure ol the pumping -engine, which was token to the Transport Centre for repair on the 13th and not returned by the end of the month. Men had to be employed nearly every day carrying water from the lake to the plant-houses ana vegetable garden. * 4 Lawn A - Grass cutting and weeding. Lawn B - Grass cutting and weeding; large bed of Barleria and Caesalpinia pruned, and gaps in Caesalpinia filled with new plants. Lawn C - Grass cutting and weeding. | • Lawn D - Grass cutting and weeding. Many young trees dug and manured. One dead palm ( Cocos plunqsa ) and one poor Livistona ch inert sis removed and new beds dug for increase in the collection of conifers. Plptadenia corymbosa (grown from seeds from Argentina) flowered and fruited for first time in the Gardens. Calpurnia ay 1 vat lea (from 8. Africa) flowered for the first time in the Gardens. Lawn a - Grass cutting and marring. Brya ebenus flowering for first time (from West Indies). Several young trees dug and manured. Lawn ¥ - Grass cutting. Dead Hymenaea tree cut down, but not all sawn up (a very big tree). L awn G - Dell rockery, swept and tidied regularly. 13 new ferns, Begonias, Caladiuin and Ixoras planted in part of the rockery. La wn li - Grass cutting and weeding, , Lawn J - Grass cutting and weeding. Lawn K - Grass cutting and weeding. 1 * /ft I i i -3-v. J ' ?■ Lawn L - Grass cutting and weeding. Lawn 11 - Ginger Rockery swept regularly. Lawn N - Potting Yard (see e -ate report). Lawn 0 - Grass cutting; weeding of paths and beds, and re- planting of small flowering plants as required, Many new small plants added to the beds above and below the new coral wall, some of them already flowering well. Wars - cewlcgla cocclnea flowering very well, a new plant added near the old one. Two more seedling Bougainvilleas flowered for the first time, but. it is too early to say if they are worth keeping. Lawn Q - Aroid Rockery, swept as required and weeded. Lawns P & R - Vegetable gardens and tree nursery (see separate reoort ) , Lawns 3, U ^ V. - Gardens Jungle. The borders of the Jungle on either 3ide of Maranta Avenue cleared of unnecessary young trees and other plants and made tidy. A large Pygaeum tree which fell near Gluny Road (damaged by shell) cut up and cleared away. Lawn T - Grass cutting. Lawn ,V - Grass cutting. Lawn X - Grass cutting and weeding. Some of the Arundina orchids re-planted and all manured, also 6 new seedlings put out for trial. L awn 2 - Grass cutting. 9. Special propagation . The work of selecting Gannas and attempting to grow them free from disease continued, and it ie hoped that two of the Gardens beds are now in satisfactory condition. A new approach to the problem has been made by planting seeds of 12 of the beat varieties, which can be planted in disease-free ground; some of them nay also be tried for disease resistance. This will not result in the raa intermnce of the old varieties of Gannas, but may produce some useful new ones. During the dry weather, Mr. Alphonso spent pome time pollinating a number of Bougainvillea flowers, especially the variety Louis Wethen, which has never produced seeds. The dry weather is the only season when sreds are normally produced. This is the first time artificial pollination of Bougainvilleas has been carried out in the Gardena, previous seeds being from chance natural pollination. 10. Vegetable Gardens . 18 beds wei'e re-conditi oned and planted with different crops. Nothing special was done this month; general routine arid maintenance wo r& were carried out as usual. Her vesting was more favourable than the preceding rainy month. 2 bunches of Bananas were harvested. There is a notable decrease in ripe Papayas. In lawn R 15 Citrus sp. plants were planted. In vacant beds the following plants were planted; - 22 Sapium jamaicense 12 Lagers troemj a Loudonii 0 % 0 ' ^ .1. . J * ■ -W K • £*/f Y2 -4r ■ i w J A deep trench was dug "by the Banana area parallel to the fence in order to cut away pirate roots of both Are'nga palms and. Stereos permum trees. All Citrus plants were manured again and some new growth was observed. A new variety of Maize of good size cobs and seeds has resulted from careful selection. Ivlany i3lants have produced entirely purple cobs; a few cobs have still different coloured seeds. It is hoped that the fourth generation will produce purple cobs on all plants. Twelve gallons stock solution of Tobacco infusion were manufactured to combat plant pests in the vegetable plots and in the Gardens. Some illustrations of new Brinjals and Sweet Potato were painted by Juraimi (Label printer). Notes on Sweet Potato varieties were revised and increased as data is accumulated. Two more varieties have bean found. It is hoped that the Gardens Department nay collect all varie- ties that are growing in this island, and make a description of each variety, its productivity and other characters. A considerable series of comoarative trials will be necessary to establish full data on all the varieties. Mr. Lange has done much useful and careful work in this connection during the past eight months. 1 1 . L abelling en d Indexing of Plant s . 63 new painted labels were made and rut out, some being replacements of old ones, hi aluminium labels were made* Mr. Holttum checked some of the plants on lawns D and C, corrected the plans and arranged for new labels. SYONAN BOTANICAL GARDENS. Mon * h 1 y Feu o r+ .f n r Jamjary, 2603 * 1 . Herbarium . Che* Nur re-arranged 4039 specimens of the family Hyrtaceae, placing all species within one genus in alphabetical order, and including together under each species specimens from Malaya and outside Malaya. This makes reference to specimens much simpler than the former arrangement according to Fidley’s Flora, which is now subject to many corrections. Che* Nur also laid in 80 ' newly mounted specimens at their proper places in the herbarium. Che* Kiah mounted 110 specimens ant dried’ 31' new specimens. Or, Furtado named 175' specimens for Japanese visi- tors, mostly for a botany teacher now serving in the army; Mr. Holt turn also named about 30 'specimens , 2. Library . 933 "books were cleaned. 106' books were returned from the Printing Office, where they have been bound (the books were sent for binding last May), The work was not done satisfactorily . In many cases the binders threw away covers and title pages which they were specially asked to retain, and no titles were printed on the spines of the books. 13' further books were sent for binding. 3. Dr ♦ Furtado * s botanical wo rk . Dr. Furtado continued his work on the rattans of the genus Calamus, completing descriptions of 12' more species and 3 varie- ties, He has now completed the account of 28 « species out of about 70 -'in all. It is important that this work should be properly illustrated, and arrangements are being made for the Artist to make drawings, in the first place of the new species. Dr. Furtado also conducted several Japanese officers round the Gardens. He continued to be responsible for purchase and distribution of rice. 4. Mr. Hoi t turn 1 s botanical work. I Mr. Holttum devoted the greater part of his time to the study of orchids, which he is writing a semi-popular account. He studied and wrote accounts of the Collahium and Coelogyne groups, and began to deal with the large genus Dendrobium, In connection with this work he made detailed drawings of the flowers of a number of species, and Juraimi bin Samsuri (Label- printer) assisted by drawing the general habit of the plants. No illustrations have been published of many local orchids, and these drawings will be very useful, Mr, Holttum also continued his work on ferns, writing a general note on the Athyrium group, and a full account of the Blechnum group. 5. Potting Yard . 50Q ' plants were potted or re-potted. 314' cuttings were made of plants needing propagation. The following seeds were sown; -Pi sang Biji from Mr. Sato; 9'Nipa seeds from Mr. Sato; 1000 Parinarium corymbosun seeds from Mr. Sato; seeds of 12 kinds of Cannas, 48 'plants were sent to the Plant House for display, and a similar number returned for re -potting. Owing to dry weather much time was spent in watering. ' * J A - 2 - 6. Plant House . The pot plants were maintained as usual, routine manuring continuing as in former months; the ferns have made particularly good new growth. 2h~ 7 ' new flowering plants were displayed on the s^eps, from the Chinese gardener 1 s nursery, and 19V old plants returned. 7. Orchids . 27- new pollinations were made during the month. Of these, 7/ failed; a proportion of + he others will or oh ah ly he sterile, hut it is hoped that some useful seeds will result from the remainder. Seeds from 1 CL fruit s^ were sown during the month; several were sterile, hut one cross between the genera Spathog- lottis and Calanthe gave good germination, ^his is of great interest, as hybrid between these genera has yet been reported. Other new seeds sown are Dendrobium veratri folium x stratiotes, Arachnis Maggie Oei x Tenant her a monachica and Arachnis Ishbel x Renanthera Storiei. An Aranda-Arachnis cross may have a few good seeds. A seedling of Arachnis Maingayi x Kookeriana flowered for the first time, hut is not so good as former seed- lings of the same stock. Many Dendrobium and Cattleya plant 3 were re-potted. Among the local orchids, many were re-cond it ioned, and several flowered; they were of considerable assistance to Mr. Holtturn .in his studies. 8. Work in the Cardens. Ceneral . The weather was dry from the 7th onwards. This caused flowering of many plants, and others are in hud. It also meant more work in watering pot xjlants, and this was increased by the failure of the pumping-engine , which was taken to the Transport Centre for repair on the 13th and not returned by the end of the month. Men had to be employed nearly every day carrying water from the lake to the plant-houses and vegetable garden. Lawn A - Crass cutting and weeding. Lawn B Crass cutting and weeding; large bed of Barleria and Caesalpinia pruned, and gaps in Caesalpinia filled with new plants. I Lawn C - Crass cutting and W/eeding. Lawn D - Crass cutting and weeding. Many young trees dug and manured. One dead palm ( Cocos plumosa ) and one poor Llvistona chinensls removed and new beds dug for increase in the collection of conifers. Piptadenia corymbose (grown from seeds from Argentina) flowered and fruited for first time in the Cardens. Calpurnia sylvatica (from S. Africa) flowered for the first time in the Cardens. n Lawn M - Crass cutting and i airing. Brya ebenus flowering for first time (from West Indies). Several young trees dug and manured. Lawn F - Crass cutting. Dead Hymenaea tree cut down, but not all sawn up (a very big tree). Lawn C - Dell rockery, swept and tidied regularly. 13 new ferns, Begonias, Caladium and Ixoras planted in part of the rockery. i Lawn H - Crass cutting and weeding. Lawn J - Crass cutting and weeding. Lawn K - Crass cutting and weeding. i f& * Lawn L - Grass cutting and weeding. Lamm H - Ginger Rockery swept regularly. Lawn N - Potting Yard (see separate report). L amm. 0 - Grass cutting; weeding of paths and beds, and re- planting of small flowering plants as required. Many new small plants added + o the beds above and below the new coral wall, some of them already flowering well. ' Wars - cewiczia coccinea flowering very well, a new plant added near the old one. Two more seedling Bougainvilleas flowered for the first time, but it is too early to say if they are worth keeping. Lawn Q - Aroid Rockery, swept as required and weeded. Lawns P & R - Vegetable gardens and tree nursery (see separate report ) . Lawns S, U & V . - Gardens Jungle. The borders of the Jungle on either side of Maranta Avenue cleared of unnecessary young trees and other plants and made tidy. A large Pygaeura tree which fell near Cluny Road (damaged by shell) cut up and cleared away. Lawn T - Grass cutting. Lawn W - Grass cutting. Lawn X - Grass cutting and weeding. Some of the Arundina orchids re-planted and all manured, also 6 new seedlings put out for trial. Lawn 7 j - Grass cutting. 9- Special propagation . The work of selecting Gannas and attempting to grow them free from disease continued, and it is hoped that two of the Gardens beds are now in satisfactory condition. A new approach to the problem has been made by planting seeds of 12 i %*9.3l , 19 , iSy oat i n Botanical ■ Qai - d e ng - y S/onar-to. To The. jjirtctor A „ 3y on a n “Bo t • Su n Hus. & Lib. , I forward herewith monthly rerort of the Botanical herders for Pehrua ry , 2 603 » i « dup 1 5 or. t e • u i CO 15 A 3 YON AN BOTANICAL GARDENS. Monthly Report for February. 2605. 1. Herbari um. Che* Mohd. Nur re-arranged 3518 sheets of Melastomaceae , and made 139 small envelopes for mounting loose flowers etc. He also laid into the herbarium 134 newly mounted specir^ene. Che 1 Kioh mounted 179 sheets and examined the material preserved in alcohol of 134 newly mounted specimens. 73 specimens were identified for Japanese officials. 2. Library . Laud and Manikam cleaned 867 books, stamped and labelled booi:a recently bound, and varnished 3 books. 3 . Dr, Furtauo T 3 botanical work . Dr. Furtado continued his work on the rattans of the genua Calamus native in Malei, and by the end of the month had com- pleted descriptions of 48 species and varieties. The Artist has spent a little tine making drawings of the new species; much more of this work needs to be done, and is essential if the best results of Dr. Furtado* s work are to be realized. 4. Mr. Holttum t s botanical work . Mr. Holttun continued his work on orchids, completing hl*e account of the large genus Dendrobium, both as regards native and cultivated species. He prepared drawings of about 30 species and hybrids. The junior Label Printer, Juraimi, also assisted in making drawings. Mr. Holttum alBO spent a little time continuing his work on ferns, dealing with the genus Nephroiepis. 5. Potting Yard. 296 plants were potted or re-potted. 110 cuttings were made. forests were made of the double pirik Oleander (3) and Mi schodon zeylanicum (3)# a species of which only one tree exists in the Cardens. Seeds were planted of 6 kinds of Gannas and 7 kinds of Brinjals, and 96 of the seedlings transplanted, 37 palms and other plants were sent to the Plant House. 74 foliage plants of various kinds, selected by Mr. Satow, were sent to Government House, and 74 plants returned from Govern- ment House for re-potting. One large Gramma to phyllum orchid was Bent to Government House. 2 palms and 4 Begonias were Be -t to the Museum. 6. Plant House . 327 flowering plants were brought for display on the steps from the Chinese gardener* a nursery, and 291 old plants returned. 4 plants of Arachnls Lowii ( a large orchid ) were planted in the border of the small plant house. Routine manuring and top- dressing of pot plants continued, A beginning was made with renewing the attaps on the roofs of the two ends of the Plant House. 7. Orchids . The usual display of orchids was maintained in the Plant House. Golden arum Stamford ianum (from ’Vest Indies) flowered for the first time; this should be a useful speciee in Malai, New hybrid seeds of 12 kinds were planted in sterile flasks; three of these were Spathoglott is hybrids of the second or third generation and are mostly sterile. Of the others, the most - 2 - interesting are Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum x niveum, Arachnis Ishbel x Vanda luzoniea, and Dendrobium st^atiotes x veratri- folium. Crosses between different varieties of Arundina were also sown, with the object of producing better races of these useful bedding plants. Many new pollinations were made, of which a proportion were successful. Records of failures are kept, by which we are learning something about future possibi- lities. Of the local orchids, many species of Dendrobiura and kria flowered during the month, and were useful to Mr. Holtturn in hi3 studies. The local orchids in Potting Yard and Plant House are regularly overhauled. 8. General work in the Garde ns. The pumping engine was returned after repair at the Transport Centre on the 18th of February, after being out of action since Jan. 13th. During this period much time was spent carrying water for the plant house pots. Heavy rain (9*9 inches during the 9th to 11th) also held up garden work. Lawn A - Grass cut. Ganna beds weeded, dressed with line and fertilizer. Lawn 3 - As lawn A. One Ganna bed burnt. The two beds previously burnt and re-plant,ed with Cannaa are in good condition. A good flowering of Bougainvilleas followed the dry weather of January. Bamboos were placed to allow one B. Cypher! to climb on to a Tembusu tree. Lawn C - Grass cut. Newly planted shrubs growing satisfactorily. Lawn D - Grass cut. Work of digging and manuring young trees and shrubs in this area completed. Three new conifers planted: one Libocedrus macrolepis var. formosana and two variegated Cupressea from Japan. Lawn B - Grass cut. Brownea mRcrophylla flowered very fully ~*For the first time. A 3araca from Borneo flowered for the first time, and is identified as S. pa lembanica . A young tree of Eugenia malaccensis vpr. Jambu Susu planted (seedling from old tree on lawn J). Lawn P - Grass cut. A young tree of Cassia fistula planted by the lake side. Lawn G - Dell swept regularly and weeded; some fertilizer applied to new planting; two young plants of Ixora congesta put out. Lake - Silt at the head of the lake removed; this work not finished. Lawn H - Gi’ass cut. Lawn J - Grass cut. Two plants of Tree Cotton (? Gossypium brasiliense) planted. One Delonix regia planted on the Sundial Terrace to take the place of the old one which had to be removed. Lawn K - Grass cut; weeding round palm trees. Lawn L - Grass cut. A thicket round the Plectocomia clump by the office cleaned of weeds, tree seedlings etc. Lawn M - Two climbers on the roof of the Plant House flowered very finely; Beaumontia Murtonl (Siam) and Arrabidaea ootun- data (T. America). - 3 - ¥ Lawn L - Porting Yard: see separate report. The carpenter completed a new wooden framework for the glass on one side of the lower glass-house; this house still needs the other side treated similarly, and the upper house also needs attention. Lawn 0 - Grass cut. Flower beds maintained as usual. A young tree of pale pink Lagers troemia was pruned of all leafy shoots on Dec. 1st, as an experiment, and began to flower on Feb. 11th. As soon as the flowering is completed the pruning will be repeated; if the same result follows, it should be possible to make such trees flower three times a year Instead of once in 9 months as at present. Lawn P - Vegetable Gardens (separate report). Lawn Q - Aroid rockery; swept and weeded as necessary. Shrubs of nranthemum nervosum under the Terrainalia subspathula ta tree removed to the edge of the jungle on the other side of the road, and replaced by Aglaonema and Begonia plants; so as not to hide the buttresses at the base of the tree. « Lawn ll - Vegetable garden and tree nursery: see separate report. Lawn 3 - Part of Gardens Jungle. No work needed. Lawn T - Grass cut. A fallen Kurrimia tree cut up. * , Lawns U & V - Garden Jungle. Fertilizer applied to part of the jungle where tree growth is poor to see what response nny follow. Lawn W - Grass cut. Lawn X - Grass cut; weeding round palms; two young plants of the Betel nut palm (Areca catchu) planted, ph the only trees of this kind are old. Lawn Y - Vegetable Garden: see separate report Lawn Z - Gross cut. 9 . Special Propagation . The propagation of Gannas from seed continued, and a number of seedlings were potted off. Six more seedling Bougainvilleas flowered, but none of these were good enough to be worth keep- ing. Hand pollination of Bougainvilleas, made duriiig dry weather in January, failed to produce any seeds; more will be attempted. Towards the end of the month a start was made in grafting some of the weaker varieties of Hibiscus on stocks which have been prepared; this work will continue, and further trials in grafting BougainvUleae nre intended. 10. Vegetable Gardens . Many beds were foil owing c rope : - re-conditioned and planted oul wit h the 4 beds of Long Bean 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 n t> it it it it ” Cucumber it it tt it tt ♦i Ladies 1 Fingers 1 Chew Choy Sam 1 Brdnjal (various) 1 Sweet Potato 1 Maize 1 Be yam 2 beds of Keladi 1 bed of Kachang Sabelangah (Mucuna) H it it it Snake Gourd Kangkong Chillie Ground-nut Chekop wan is In general the harvest was satisfactory for hree large bunches ♦he month. Bananas and 18 Papaya fruits were cropped. &>/ f »/4 - 4 - y / Two large heaps of comp vis t were manufactured in order to ** maintain the vegetable plots’ stock of organic matter. Six gallons of Tobacco infusion (stock solution) were prepared to combat plant pests in the Gardens. Manuring of the Citrus plants once a fortnight has been proved to be beneficial. The Ground-nuts, previously reported to have been planted as a catch crop as well as leguminous cover crop to new Papaya plants in lawn P, have been lifted with good yield - the green matter was dug in as manure. In lawn R the following interesting plants were planted in vacant vegetable beds:- 8 plants Pac ry dium e la turn II 11 Gratoxylon formosum (small leaves) 1 plant Citrus from Belawan-Lell. Manuring, pruning and staking of other young trees in this area was carried, out. Notes on Sweet Potato manurial experiments were compiled, A second series of the same manurial experiments was started, in order to confinrj the first results. Trials of a nitrogenous manure with different application d^tes from planting have been started on a number of beds. This experiment is designed to find out the manurial value of nitrogen as applied at different stages of the plant’s development so that we nay know the best time to start manuring. An €>xperinent to compare the manurial value of unrotted organic matter as against rotted compost was started, with Maize as the experimental crop. Additional notes on Yam Beans were recorded. The third generation of purple kaize seeds were planted. A second generation of Japanese long cucumbers are vigorous and producing excellent fruits. ; k . i 1 '!!> ■ ", ' ' - 11 . labelling and Indexing of Plants . The label printers made 88 painted labels, and 12 standard aluminium labels, as well as numerous hanging aluminium labels. They also prepared 30 wooden labels for re-use, and painted 30 white labels for Mr, Satow. Mr. Lange began to check the plan of lawn 2 and will continue, this work in the afternoons, as Mr. Livingston has not enough spare time for the purpose. B*3- / f £ -H a- M \ 1V.OL,

dnB. , i s . Lib* ^ 9 . I forward herewith 'ion 4 - hly i cyort of the Botanical Gardens for riareh, 2 ^ 03 , in duplicate. &>!*%/» V/W . H\ 2lr *1 JYOKAN BOTA MR * * sr. A R DSNS. * 0 Monthly Report for March , 2603 * 1* Herbarium . Che* Mohd. Nur re-arranged 3596 ©pecii ena of the families Melastomaceae , Lythraceae, Samydaceae, Paseif loraceae , Gucurbi- taceae, Begoniaceae, Araliaceae, Gornaceae , Caprifoliaceae and Kubiaceae and inserted 3^ mounted specimens in the General Herbarium. Klah mounted 102 specimens ana dried 10 specimens. He also inspected the spirit collections in 13 cupboards. 2. Library . .Books in the Library were cleaned in rotation as usual. 3. Labelling & Indexing of Plants . 75 painted labels for plants were made, and 6 standard aluminium labels; also 124 hanging aluminium labels. The Label printer painted 130 new label-boards with white background for Japanese labels, and 30 standard labels with black background. The Junior Label printer (Juraimi bin Samsuri) was employed almost throughout the month assisting Mr. Corner in making coloured drawings of fungi. The plan of Lawn 2 (containing over 350 trees) was checked by Mr. Lange, and fully written up with plant names; the cards also were checked and lawn numbers added. A list of plants lacking labels was made; these labels will be made ,as soon as pose ibis. 4. Mr. Holttum*s botanical work. Mr. Holttura continued hin study of Malayan orchids, completing the genus Kria (59 species), preparing a key to the sections of the genus, keys for all sections, and brief descriptions of all species. Work on th.: large and difficult genus Buibophyllum was also begun, and urawiiigs prepared of various orchids which happened to be in flower during the month. 5. Mr. Corner* a botanical work . | Mr. Corner devoted most of his time (except as mentioned below) to the study of fungi, of which he collected a large number during the month. He made paintings of many of these and made notes on those not previously described. Messrs. Corner, Holttum and Furtado also spent a considerable amount of time in working on Mr. 3atow f s list of Economic Plants (prepared from Burkill's Dictionary), ^e-arranging the list under families and uses, and selecting plants suitable for cultivation in different localities. Dr. Furtado also arranged for rice permits, and purchased and distributed rice for the Gardena staff. 6. Dr. Furtado f s botanical work . Dr. Furtado continued his work on the rattans of the genus Calamus, and discovered two more new species, represented by incomplete material, which he has provisionally described and allotted to their positions; this work has necessitated .the revision of the descriptions of allied species and modifications fr, - ’ - * \ , .ft jr'i of keys to the species. Mr. Gh«n York Ch/e, the Artist, made drawings of 3 species of Calamus. There are a large number more tp be done, and it is most desirable that Mr. York Chye should have more time for this work, which needs much skill, care and knowledge. No other person can do this work. 7* Potting Yard . 438 plants were potted or re-ootted. 372 cuttings were made for propagation of plants of which the stock is low. About 100 Canna seedlings and 133 Brinjal seedlings were potted. Seeds were sown of Portulaca from Japan (from Dr. Koriba), Aegle marmelos (Bel-fruit) from Marquis Tokugawa, and Bougainvillea hybrids (63 seeds). 58 foliage plants were sent to the Plant House, and 53 plants received from the Plant House for re-potting. 11 vege- table plants were potted for a demonstration by Mr. 8a tow and 5 packets of seeds also supplied. The at tap roof of one shed was renewed. 8. Plant House . 305 new flowering plants from the Chinese Gardener’s nursery were displayed on the steps, and 297 old plants returned. In the small Plant House the orchids Per i a ter i a elota and Aractinis Lowii were plaiited in the ouster border in sheltered places, and some more large Begonias also. The usual maintenance of the stock of foliage pot-plants continued. The at taps on the roof of both ends of the house were renewed! 9 . J-cn^ral wot k in the Gardens . Lawn A - Grass cut, Ganna beds weeded, limed and manured; Crinura beds and Hedychium beds also weeded and manured. One Ganna bed burnt and re -plan ted. Lawn B - Grass cut. Canna beds limed, manured and weeded. The two beds which were burnt are in good condition. Clerodendron bed near the Main Gate pruned, weeded and manured. Bougain - ville a Lord Wlllingdon flowered fully for the first time and "HT very 'fine, ' Lawn C - Grass cut. A thicket of Resets fern near the Araucarias cleared, and new cover planned round them. One new Araucaria excelee, propagated from a cutting, planted to fill a gap in the row. One Dacrydium elatum and one Talauma Candollei planted. The border along the Cluny Road boundary- cleared of some climbing plnnte and tree seedlings which were smothering other plants. Lawn D - Grass cut. A poorly grown tree of Millingtonia hortensls well dug and new drainage made for the roots. Two plants of Stachytarpheta mutabllis planted. The Hibiscus beds near the Office all weeded and manured. Lawn - Grass cut. One young tree of Brownea grandiceps , pink variety (of which only one exists in the Gardens)^ planted. The Sun Rockery weeded regularly and new plants added. The scarlet Zephyranthes cardinalis hybrid has flowered very well. Lawn P - Grass cut. An Angsana tree transplanted from the nursery on lawn R to ta*:e the place of tne large Hymen a ea which died recently. This Angsana tree was raised from a cutting of one of the large trees by Anderson Bridge which escaped the disease whfch billed many of these trees in the town 20 years ago. Lawn G & the Lake . The Dell swept and wweded weekly. The thicket of Mon trie ha rdi a (tall Aroid) at the head of the lake cleared, and the adjacent bed of the lake dredged of silt which had - 3 - » jr t C washed through from T/eraall during the last few months. Some old unsightly Nymphaea plants cleared away* and the banks of the island made tidy. The water coming in from Tyersall is now clean, and the Lake is in much better condition than for some time past. The Dracaena and Aoalypha border by the Tyersall Avenue boundary cleaned. Lawn H - Grass cut. A vigorous young 30 ft. tree of Hibiscus macrophyllus much leaning over tied back with wi res anci some large leaves of a Raphia palm cut to make head-room for the Hibiscus. The stump of a Waringin tree which fell last year made tidy. Lawn J - Grass cut. An old Sterculia tree in bad condition removed, and a thicket of undergrowth round it. A dying tree of Araucaria Cookii removed. The thicket of suckers from an old Poinciana tree on the Sundial terrace cleared. Lawn a K L L - Grass cut, and weeding as necessary. Lawn M - See separate report on Plant House. Lawn h - 3ee separate report on Potting Yard. Lawn o - Most of the beds weeded and manured. The Ganna beds re-planted. The flower border round the bandstand re-planted, and the young hedge pruned. All paths weeded and the edges trimmed. N Lawns P & R - Gee report on Vegetable Gardens. Lawn Q - Aroid rockery weeded and swept by the Potting Yard staff. Lawns 3 , U & V - (Gardens Jungle), No work this month. Lawn T - The orchid garden (pf climbing Vandas, Arachnis etc.) partly weeded, and the plants re -staked. Grass cut. Lawn W - Grass cut. Lawn X - Grass cut; sorie pains weeded. Lawn Z - Grass cut. Saplndus naponarius . the Soap berry of the West Indies, fruited; and Garyocar villas cm (Butter nut) produced a good crop of young fruit. 10 . Work outside the Gardens • An average of 5 men per wprking day went to the Museum to assist in special work there. The Cari^enter and Mason and another man spent some time in Tyersall repairing the roof of one of the huts. 11. Orchids . The collection of local orchids was given attention and provided useful material for Mr. Holtturn's studies. The display of flowering iants (hybrids) was maintained as usual in the Plant House, the dry . weather of January and February having eifect in producing an increase in flowering. 67 new pollinations were made, of which a number are apparently successful. A number of ripe fruits were gathered but only 5 had good seeds; four of these are in the Arachnis-Vanda group, all being hybrids ol the second generation. 12. Hibiscus collection. Mr. Alphonso has checked over the plants with the lirtt, and has added descriptions of several newer varieties which had not P 'evious'ly been recorded. &>/ryf 4 1 - 4 - • * Vegetable Gardens * Many new beds were re-made, some on ground formerly occupied by pathways. New planting was 33 follows: - the following: Keladi and Sweet Potato. ” " : Long Bean and Cucumber. ,f H : Brinjal, Maize and Bayam. ,f " : Lesser Yam, Bendi and Brassica. ” : French Bean. ” M : Momordica and Snake Gourd. The harvest continued to be satisfactory; there was a large crop of Papayas, and bunches of Bananas were harvested. Two heaps of compost were made and 8 gallons stock solution Tobacco infusion prepared to combat plant pests in the vegetable plots and in the garden. Two experiments >n Sweet Potato were started: (1) The practice of Sweet Potato planting adopted in Japan as against the practice usually adopted by the Botanic Gardens. The former was supervised and planted by l>r. Koriba. (2) bw^et Potato planting material and cultural treatment as in Japan, against planting material and cultural treatment usual in the Gardens. Both the beds were treated as they would have been in Japan. * * • * The above two experiments were conducted with a view of finding in;- Exper inent (l) - which manual a 1 treatment will give the greater yield Experiment (2) - which choice of planting material and cultural treatment will give the greater yield. Observations and additional notes have been compiled on experiments with r ct Potatoes, Maize and Yam Beans. An exp' riment is in progress to discover the incre ase in bulk of Yam-boan tubers between the time of first die-back and the time of second die-back, all flowers being removed to prevent the formation of seeds. I There is also an experiment on Keladi China: planting in a deep trench as against planting on flat. In lawn R where a nursery for interesting trees have been established 21 Casuarina aumatrana . 20 Anair a , 6 Podge a rp us and 6 M illettia were removed by Hr. Satow for planting elsewhere. The Da crydiuta elatum and Burkillanthus malaccensia , both shade-1 o vi rig plants, were found yellowing. Some nitrogenous manuring ami a heavy grass mulch round the roots was necessary. The Gossypium sp. ( Tree -Got ton) flowered in the middle of the month, three months after transplanting from pots. Six new varieties of Cotton from the Philippines were intro- duced and sown :n boxe3 primarily to discover the vibilit.y and percentage of germination of the seeds. The germination percen- tage was excellent but after a few days most of the seedlings succumbed to a damping off disease, owing to unusually wet weather. However, a few plants of each variety are to be retained 8 beds each of 6 it « it k it it it 3 it ♦t it 2 ♦» it t» it i» &/TSJ 5 Specimens of various leaf -crops were collected frm Oardene* vegetable plots and provided for mounting to the Municipal Agricultural Department. p 0 W 1 G 106 ®emo From Date,. , 7 9 To 4 * 5«^3 3y on a n T * o t a n i c* a 1 Gard ens « ^JL. 'Dhe director, L>y : v G4ne v , _L_ - Li"-.. , I forv> ard hci'a'vj.th montal^ rco.t oi tfx botanical u-aru^na .t'03 '.pril, )3 , in duplicate. c^CclJU^ ”IvVA<‘'i 6»/p-t/ I 8Y0NAH BOTANICAL GARDHN8. Monthly Reoort for April , 2603» 1. Herbarium . Che* Mohd. Nur re-arranged 3092 Rubiaceae specimens and inserted 110 newly mounted specinens in the general herbarium* * Che’ Kiah mounted 167 specimens and dried 20 specimens. 2. Dr. Furtado’s report on hie work . ' H'SQ I was able to draft the descriptions of species of rattans only and give instruct ions to Mr. York Chye for making drawings of 8 species. Mr. York Chye completed during the month all the 8 drawings. miscellaneous : I went thrice to Kstong to name plants for + he Army at the former St. Patrick’s School ground. From time to time I took round the Cardens some Nipponese officials. A week was spent by Che’ Nur and myself in preparing the Census, required by the Police, of the persons living in the Gardens and in Napier, Cluny and Lermit toads and on Cluny Hill and in Cluny Park. Some time was spent in bringing rice permit and rice and in distributing rice, sugar etc. to the Gardens’ staff • Che’ Abdel Wahab assisted me in preparing the new sugar cards and in bringing sugar, and Che’ Ahmad bin Haesan in distributing sugar, rice etc. I also made in spec t ion of the Tyersell ground and saved 8om0 zinc sheets, nails, wires etc. f^r the Gardens. Tambi Manikam varnished 145 books ana looked after the cleaning of the shelves in the library. I inserted 35 books in the library and wrote their index cards. 1 assisted Prof. Korlba in teaching Nippon-Go to the Gardens’ Staff. 3. Labelling and recording of plants . 48 new painted wooden labels were made, and 40 old labels re-pfinted. About 130 aluminium labels were made for lawn 0 and Plant Houses. 14 sign-boards were painted. Mr. Lange completed the survey of lawn Z, and labels were made for a number of trees there which hod lost then. Mr. Lange then proceeded to lawns A, B and C, which he checked with the plans and cards, making correc- tions and new entries os necessary. 4. ilr. Holttum’s botanical work . Mr. Holt tun devoted nearly all his spare time to his work on orchids. Apart from making notes an& drawings of various plants w :ieh flowered, during the month, fr, Holttum studied the genua Bullophyilura, of which 124 Bpeciea are known to exist in Malaya (the largest orchid genus in our flora), preparing descriptions of all species and *ceys to all groups and species. This work was not quite finished at the end of the month, y . « . " l 5 • Mr. Corner’s botanical work . Mr. Corner spent most of his time in continuing his study of fungi, especially the family Clavoriaceae. \ f f.4 ( a - 2 - 6. Potting Yard . 393 plants were re-po+ted; also 38 Bougainvillea seedlings, 16 Ganna seedlings and 23 Musa seedlings (Pisang Biji). 484 cuttings were planted and 3 marcots made. 13 Begonia plants were sent to the Plant House. 6 palms of Licuale grand is were sent to Government House. * . 7 . Plant House . 297 new flowering plants from the Chinese Gardener’s nursery were placed on the steps, and 340 oLd plants removed. Several new Rhododendron seedlings and 3 more Arachnis Lowii were planted in prepared places in the border round the small Plant House, 64 plants (chiefly palms) were lent for decoration of the Town Kail on the 4th of April. 8. orchius . The new hybrids flowered during the month, namely V; nda Pearei x Vanda Miae Joa quint, and Vanda Hookeriana x Aerides odoratum. Both are interesting, though not of great value decoratively; they may however be very useful for further breed- ing, especially the second. 46 new pollinations were node during the month. 6 fruits ripened during the month and seeds were sown, but the majority were not fertile. One Spidendrura hybrid only gave good gemi- nation. Several flasks of seedlings were planted out into pots. The local orchids in the Porting Yard and Plant Houses continued to receive attention and -were useful to Mr. Kolttum in his work on this family. 9* General Work in the Gardens. Rote. An average of 8 men per working day were taken for work at the M^Beurn. In addition, a considerable amount of work was done in Tyersall Estate, repairing huts be used and stacking material from demolished huts. Consequently the amount of labour available for work in the Gardens, apart, from grass- cutting and the special work of vegetables, potting yard, plant houses, and nurseries, has been very limited, and very little work has been done. L awn A - Grass cut. Ganna beds weeded once. 84 Canna seedlings planted as an e7-pcrif uent in the large bed. Lawn B - Grass cut. Ganna bads weeded once. Brains by Main Gate Road cleaned. One Canna bed re-planted after burning. ijawn G - Grass cut. 1 1 Lawn D - Grass cut. Weeding, cultivation and manuring of Hibiscus beds completed. Other beds near office weeded. Lawns ft to K - Grass cut. The Dell (G) swept and made tidy once a week. Lawn L - Grass cut. Thicket of ferns cleared. Lodoicea pains weeded and manured, and also two young trees. Lawns M fr N - Plant Houses and Pot+ing Yard. Lawn 0 - Grass cut. Beds and borders maintained as usual. Gaps in the new dwarf hedge round the bandstand filled by new planting. Gladiolus bulbs planted in 3 beds, after being rested, ^he Lagerstroemia tree which flowered in \% - 3 - l Jgr. , ■' •?. .. A - r ■ ‘ ’• ' , ‘ \ ■ . * February and March pruned experimental!/ t > find out whether it will flower always after pruning. Lawns P A R - Vegetable garden and tree nursery. General Saito planted a memorial tree of Dryobnlanopn aromatic a on the 20th. A tree of Stereoperraum in the avenue between lawns P and R (planted in 1937) flowered for the first time. Lawn Q - (Arold rookery) swept weekly and weeded occasionally. Lawns 3, L & V - (Gardens Jungle) no work. 4 Lawns T, X A VY - Grass cut. Lawn 2 - Grass cut. The border by the Palm Volley Road, which contains about 30 interesting young trees, planted In 1937 and 193B by Mr. Corner from seeds collected by him, was carefully cleared of some older trees of common kinds which are now smothering the young trees. A number of unwanted self-planted tree seedlings were also removed. The young' trees are nearly all making good growth and should now develop more rapidly. 10 . V egetable Gardens . lany beds were formed and the following crops established: - 8 beds of Sweet Potatoes (various races); 4 rf " the following: Long Bean, Maize, Brinjal, Bendi A Cucumber; 3 " ” Bay am; 2 ,r ft Pachyrrhizus eroaus (Yam Bean); 1 bed ** the following: Shallot, Kargkoiig, Groundnut A Chilli. In the nursery a number of beds grown with certain miscella- neous shrubs have been cleared, re-cultivated, reformed and various Kcladis established, care has been excercised to retai n specimen plants of the shrubs removed. Harvesting continued to be satisfactory throughout the month. 63 Papayas and 6 bunches of different Bananas cropped. 8 gallons stock solution of Tobacco infusion was prepared to combat plant-pe3ts, and 2 large heaps of comoost manufactured by the slurry method in order to maintain the organic matter in the vegetable beds. ffany seeds were collected; there were 3 new types of Brinjals which were illustrated by Mr. Juraimi. The various experiment 9 under trial are progressing satis- factorily. In lawn R, where a nursery for interesting trees hes been established, 6 Cot f on plants of each of the varieties 3tone Bill, Torn is, Express, anno, Strawbaga and Bantnngas White have been planted in vacant beds. The plants are herbnoious annuals and re uted to be good yielders in the Philippine Islands. 3 Castor Oil i>Ianta of each of the following countries Djawa, Thailand, Indo-China and Manshukoku have also been planted. The Grape-fruit irlants had their young leaves defoliated by caterpillars , but prompt insecticidal measures prevented greater damage. The Italian limes flowered but did not set fruit; jtA /•• f - 4 - probably due to rain. The Japanese Citrus seedlings have made the most rapid growth during the year and are now very vigorous. The various memorial trees had an application of N. P, K. in solution. A few trees had mealy bugs attacking the growing tips: this disturbance was however checked. A small plot in this lawn previously exhibiting several Sweet Potato races has been re-conditioned and now planted with 3 varieties of Leaser Yean of excellent yielding qualities. The Hibiscus man i hot grown by Dr. Koriba for the purpose of obtaining mucilage is now in bloom, a little over 2 months frnm sowing. As a matter of horticultural interest some crosses were made with H ibiscus esculentu s (Bendi). A bed of selected purple Maize seeds are producing large- sized cobs. It has been observed that the cobs increase in size after each generation. The present plants are in the 4th gene- ration . A few marc ota of fairly old branches of Cratoxylon forrnosum have been prepared. It is hoped thereby to obtain dwarf flower- ing trees. It might also be possible to encourage freer flower- ing by repeated pruning^ combined by artificial defoliation. I Memor o rk . Mr. Holt turn continued his work on orchids. He studied and prepared draft descriptions of three st all groups of genera (groups of Agrostophylium, Appendicula and Cyrabidium), including about 50 species in all, preparing new keys for the identifica- tion of local species. He also wrote an account of *he Cattleya group, for horticultural purposes, and made drawings of several more local orchids and hybrids. ! Comer * q Notary! o&l ffark . Mr. G : ii-; ll®eted 45 ®p ole® ®f t«tw • of which specimen® h;,v. r u«: < n prepared to at id *o the alge herbarium* > * * 6. X ot* -L*i^ ~aru. 349 wtre potted or re-ootted, and also 16 uanx*n ' Htiedlinra. 3 '^ v * cutting® wr- : i planted, imludiiig 230 of ffluua call ic am a fro. 7i u&h. 330 Jbc^O® Gi‘ Hoyal Pain Wv.ru pi nted. Id Aroi»is «ftd ferae Mr® sent to the jKLsnt Bouse. 2 u wjperug ^ Lairna werj su^pJUtm f >a replace old : lanta on thj Plant Koon •,* stepr. f 7 trocar idling® ye e went l’or planting cn lawn U v tr«i‘, nu/eery }• 13 ^iajut& we: c ovnt to {fovernraci.t House* ani 3 arantd ^-.fiud to sifjiport® for OaTerar^ent Hout:e. 7* Plant House. *. **» » -** M»r i I ■ +* -mr-*- ** ■*» ■*> -*»■> — * 231 new plant® were brought frrn the Chinese® gardener f e nursery fov diapl/jy oxi th,. etepa -.nd 244 old plants retimed. Two plants of Junlper-n® benrjdlanA in lar»«re pot® tuber x Constance, Renrntherella hi® t: Ionian x f-iccolMbiu^ mini .**w and 3]i den drum a^anfordianum x cbrlunanura. The local orchids have been rugul^riy inspected and t r c a 7 eu a® nee s c s x-y ; a f ew pi© n t j; flow a re d a r.d ** v rc nam ad . 3 . General >v of. ^ in Ga rden g. An average of >®or® th>x n 7 r.*on mr- r or&xng day were c~ loyed £1 1 the ikiitiii? C «#i i* * JiOjfcU C U i AiU u *4 'Jk Uvi ti 'J of p \ t W-'I v.ic. C}l«X'vJ.an® staff for more thun 3 won Vco hsc eaulted in conni dor able arrears of waadliig. ai«u t]ia CUrdan la growing a&or«- and roar® unti^. Orasa cult lag turn aloo ®ulfeie®d irar. the abaoRce of . ;®n on ieava anc dulnya duo to changes oi staff. I, fl7TRs A d .g - Cunns and oth^j bods were weeded. A plan- ox* one r»f the no /.l/ o*.- looted bou.;«i::villaa seedling® jj-lvantef, and also n In . > OunijK ru© ber-vor iana from the Plant >!ov&c s^epn, tawn K - A troa of Cao a ia ap c; 0 1 »Vb T l j a pruned to jri vn no rr ^o: ror fa r s c n 7 n* 1 1 c n J" ' 7n f f jjJ T~b Too T an" th« 3ur. i^ookexv* weeded"." da oo 71 - c.nc Coconut saedling (ynlloo variety) plnn*ad. h.ofarR 7 - Th old ‘Torlngin troe- near the Director* s house pruned To 11 rbton or.f of ‘ho lor^a hrornho® which Is in dnng^r of f n 1 1 in- ov. r "ho orchid hcnchnr. nhich it ahadco. L.^wn i) - All ®t.h® »n-' bad® wuedud; raore Gladiolus bulba planted; Mi l > ' by ihv ne^r coral wall -vntiu red. p»h®r work . All lawn a rad grace cut, and were swept twice a Wtfek oe Pt/a - 3 - 1 0 . nr ^ Mftl PropaKatjoj* . Mr* Ai •honao con*l nueci t xf c- imcr.tnl budding of Hibiscus* to* "Long# pr-e j.-antajcia a cmm- ‘budding wi h L V i 3*. i.L >wiana . Iju* Vegesab l e q-u^ciiS . (Report by to. Lange j. Many ocds were re-condl tiered for + h? reception of the foil ow in g c rops - 8 beds oi L *ng bean, Cucumber, Sweet Potato 3 " *' Bondi and Brinjaia 3 11 w Maiae, lisngkorig, Bay am 2 t? Brass ica. Chillies 1 bed 4 Dio sc ore a bulbil err a and Snake Hoard. The hs'-vest coo tinned t- be st-rb -factory. 8ev. ral bunches of Bananas and many Papayas were cropped. Daily supply to various officers oi the depertiv: . d was ran in twined ae usual. nine galleria s -cm solut:. n* >1 Tobacco infusion vae prepared to combat plant pests in the vegetable plots and round the Hardens* One large heap of compost was manufactured. It has been decided to green -manure more ex enaively with easily available grass cli rpi ngs . In the cursory most of the different varieties of Keladia kep+ for observation and stud; have been removed to a re cite with a view to observing *he rota; ion principle. More crops of edible starchy s (: hr and Tap i) ka?i sn established because t ic best par* of this locality is sandy loam, unsuitable for leaf or fruit c mps, but excellent for the prod us t ion of maxim us tuber development* In lawn P, t hs new Papaya area was green- jiumcI and the Citrus plants recei/eu a dressing of complete artificial fer- tilizer. The tree -cotton plants out grew their size in a limited space which iade it accessary to drastically cut back six tx*ees to allow additional room for development and also to facilitate control of pests. The following plants were established in vacant oecte;~ 26 Hy d n oo a rpua 12 Oratory Ion formes ura 6 Banana, seedlings (seeds' were obtained from Hr. Satow). After the cropping of n any excellent Banana bunches -hich resulted, in soil impoverishment „ i* b ;cnme necessary to manure liberally f he existing clumps in l.^wn R. Plants o' Hibiueua manihot, vhich Dr. Koribr plants 'or the purpose of obtaining mucilage, hove pro due d seeas. '’he plants failed to develop fully aa in t snipers ts climates* They, however, may be ured to advan+svge in on ornamental bnr&< . r because of their dwarf fo^-i arfi yellow flowers, -.keufl of Hibiscus manihot :c lift! ecus eaoubmf ue have b en sown. sxporinent fil o in progress . The 6 varieties of cotton introduced from the Phi Xi jpine Islands 3io in oi >om, 2y months from sowings the tree-cotton plants nave produce a ripe pods oi cotton 6 months ‘mv t* -re- planting. fiorlt has started m crossing the 6 icirrb vj •■♦acious -4 annuals with the wood/ perennial tree-cotton. It is desired to raise progeny of hybrid-vigour, i.e., in particular a general improvement of plant constitution in resistance to plant pests and disease, increase in fields and possibly to secure fairly good cotton in spl t e of frequent wet weather. An experiment in mass selection for purple maize has now reached the fifth generation. At the second and third gene- rations the plants were self— pollinated to ensure a certain degree of Inbreeding; after that natural cross-pollination among the plants in each bed were perwlttsd, and a mixture of purple seeds from different plants selected. In this way a i&.irly oure purple strain has b^en established, which retains the vigour liable to he lost in the isolation of pure lines. Two further experiments on Pachyrrhizus ^Yam Bean) are beir^ started to determines- (a) whether a reasonably good yield of tubers are obtainable if harvesting be practised immediately the flowers appear; (b) the possibility of ha-vroting profitably young pods for consumption and subsequently gather a harvest without* appreciable loss of weight in tuber yield. These two experiments complete a aeries of 8 and will give expression to many facta hitherto unpublished in vegetable gardening books. 42 various vegetable packets have been introduced by Dr. Koriba from Kyoto Takii Nursery Company. Japan. These sets are for trial in the vegetable plots with a view to selecting new vegetables s*hich will thrive xn local conditions. sello'wiana plants by bud-graf t operation. For this purpose Lautana camara strike have been planted. It should be noted that Lantana sellowlana is free-flowering and prostrate; the operation will effect, a pendulous purple flowering standard plant. \ \ < \ \ Similarly it ieXdesired to raiee\ standard Petrea volubilis on Peti'em rugosa stock. \ \ new planting, destroyed plants* corrections* and a general survey in bringing them up-to-date. - wrmicAL 0A$r*?r* V. .• - M Pe'-ort for : a v 2'T? «*••- •■**■** +nlue*-:- - - ■■* Nr'.O* ' ‘ -»•-*> .4*1* I. licrbarlum. Che* Mohd. rlur re-arranged 2*9'* specimens of the fa ,al.. lublaceae, ami inaerted 134 nwljr counted specimens iu uie herbarium* Ohe 1 Ulan t&oantcd 93 specimens , ;;;ende& ^ .- C j* VJ. w ,1- ■ ~ i t* 1 • I 1 J •* till inspirne vm of cultivated pi .ate ravi dried 20 sped* 2* &r. jN'wtaao's escort on his worK. » ■» *«

,* ten &: now. M j see 1 lane quo : I conducted Nipponese Pharmacists f ru r times round the Gardena , shying them medicinal and poisonous plants. Sometimes they w*?re also interested in looking up the literature '^e 1 .vo ">n *he pint a. ui coolies vho cn mot afford to buy these co&moul ti ea at the black marker rrJca. ,f e received oil end soep much itt*a iu u the saen wouilti huv*. obtained hud ;hmy registered the: f eivea op tel he. I assisted Pro 1\ Kohoriba in teaching Nippon -go &nd conducive clauses twice a woe*;. 3 • A. auclii;*>c &nu 4v.c •..».. dinar ox l j.^ta . The junior Label printer uraini) w tiww^n'MC t > the Museua from tn* b t-gim ing ■* Ah« uonth. A now u.n (Karu fi ah j was engaged, but vin-, much absent &xui finally left, /or his reason r ’labels *ere made during the month. 45 new i u^ia ?©r»e rande and 40 ole 1 rib * 1 o ?««} r: .ntt'd. 40 standard aluminium labile were renewed, and 113 hanging aluminium labels made. 10 sign boards ^nd 120 new wooden nb Is nalnVad -v! i‘ . for ifig dapaneee smxaaa and notieca* Mr. igw nviMd ?« of lawns ,, r»r» r r, rioktr^ co ri r«c f i-T.u 3 neccsaa ry, an ? t ing for ne else. He ,*ilso tvrote an scooent cf ’he Cattleya g- oup t -r A ticultu *1 ^rnosea, rn-' -o-,. -■ drf- 'rgs of several u,or«j local orchide nnd iqybrio.s. 5* Mr* Corner* s Botanical ffork. Mr. Corner continued his work on fungi. In company with Dr. Koriba, he also collected 45 species of seaweeds of which specimens have been prepared to add to the alga herbarium. 6. Potting jfard. 348 plants were potted or re-potted, and also Id Canna seedlings. 500 cuttings were planted, including 250 of Ficus callicarpa from 3w.lt Timah. 350 seeds of Royal Palm were planted. 18 Aroids and ferns were sent to the Plant House. 2 Ju nip a r us be rrr> ud i an a were supplied to replace olu plants on the Plant House steps. 57 tree-seedlings were sent for planting on lawn R (tree nursery) . 13 plants w era sent to Government House, and 3 orchid re-fixed to supports for Government House. 7. Plant H ouse. 231 new plants were brought from the Chinese gardener* s nursery for display on the steps and 244 old plants returned. Two plants of Juuiperus bermudiana irk large pots on the steps were removed as they had become too old, and replaced by new plants. The plants in the Plant House were maintained as usual. About 50 plants of Anthurium were re-potted. 8. Orchids . The usual display of flowering orchid plants was maintained in the Plant House. Ho new hybrids flowered during the month. 42 new pollinations were made, of ^hich about half have failed. 12 new collections of seeds were sown, including the following vary interesting crosses: Spathoglottis plicata x Calanthe vera trifolia , Dendrobium Wilhelm Stuber x Constance, Renrntherella histrionics x Saccolabiura minimum and Spiden&rum 3 ■ amfordianum x obrienanum. The local orchids have been regularly inspected and treated as necessary; a few plants flowered and were named. y# general work ->n Gardens . An average of more than 7 men per working day were employed at the Museum. This continued absence of p^rt of the Gardens staff for more than 3 months has resulted in considerable arrears of weeding, and the Garden is growing more and more untidy. Grass cutting has aluo suffered from the absence of men on leave and delays due to changes of staff. D awns A ft B - Ganna and other bads were weeded. A plant of one o? the newly selected Bougainvillea seedlings planted, and also a large Guniperus bermudiana from the Plant House steps. lawn ig - A tree oi Cessna spec tab! lie pruned to give more room for Ba rge a Ind ies . V a r i ou s b ec© which mAu it necessary to drs stickily out heck six trees to allow additional tom for development and &I& o to facilitate control of peats* The following plants were established in vacant beda;- £6 Hydnocarpuc 12 Craioxylon forcaocvsz 8 Banana seedlings (seeds w era obt * iced from nr. Satow}. After the cropping of rncr.y excellent Banana bunches which resulted in sol 1 impoverishment, it became necassaiy to manure liberally (he existing clumps in lawn S« Ideate of Hibiscus r&anlhot, -vhieh Br. Koriba planted for the purpose of obtaining mucilage f hnvo produced semis . The plants failed to develop fully s* in tempers te climates* They, however, may be nned to advantage in an orn^inentei border bfecauee of ’heir dwarf form and large yellow flowers. Seeds of Hibiscus manihot x Hibiscus eacul jfltue h.^v c on sown* cental work I n pro/crop s . The 6 ve.rit ties of cotton introduced from the Philippine la land© are in bloa-i, 2$ month© from sowings the tree-cotton plants have produced ripe pods of co ton 6 months from trana* planting* iVor*. aas started on crossing the 6 K.inda of htrbacious &*/n(2 a nay ala wogdy perajmlal tr^e-cotton. it \$ das .a -ad to rcti&k pro*; 011$ of hybri d-vlg^ur f i.e. f in par* xcuietr a gviiwpui in; >vc \w t of plant conatlt«itian -.III resistance to p±Ah% pasta and Jiaooca f iucr^-aaw in ^ielda and possibly *• -> oeeuro fairly vf>.k cotton in «;> ite of frequoot wot weather. Ah in $£&&& a^.U-c :.i m for purpJU ci&ifcc has now reached the fifth a 1 + M<. second and third i'rne- ration? the plants were self-pollim + ^d to ennure $ certain degree of lnbrew&dingr ?v't»r that nature 1. croee-f-ollinatio© anong the plants In oci bed .tora parni’ted* sni a mixture :>f purple soed© from different olants selected. In this way « fa : rly pure purpM 8 trs»;n h«s be^x? en -. ubj.iished, which retains -'he vigour linW-* « he Lo.it In tv, *• isolation of pure lines. Two fur*h-r exuariroent •? on Faohyrrhisus (Ya*t Bean) are bair«r started to de T etnaine:- (a; whether a obtainable cay uiaMy f harvest** • >>i yltid of tubers are n?t b practised liarediately the fa appear; (b) the possibility of harvesting profitably young pods for consumption r«d subsequently gather a harvest 'd'-hnst appreciable Iocs of weight ‘ p tuber yield* Theee two w • rbieots complete n ueriea of d and expreaslon :. > n*>ny facta hit orto u/i tibll hed in gardening books. will give veget t,\f 1 c f 4k various vegetable packets have been introduced oy Kyoto Takii Bursary Company , Japan. Th^ou acts X ; r • Koriba from ai*© for trU:i in riu vegetable plots with a view to selecting new vugetnblos ; hic.i will thrive in local conditions. Horticultural l:>rk , ark has efMienccd on semiring standard k\ 1 .umt&mi seilow^na plants by bud-graft operation. For ^t-hie purpose : y i> tana cciiura atocria have been minted* it should be noted that. laVtana eeilcwiana Is f r^e-tTlovA ring and prostrate; the operation ivill effect a pon^uiou^ purple flow^rtyig standard plant. Siwfoa rly ! f V daaired to r^ioe standard P^tr*?* voiubilis on ?etrea\rugoaa atbex. EgvlB. l55.-gr • •'lane Vf kawna 1 and F have b -tx revived for loeoti n of new planting destroy*^ pin: ts, corgocti ons # > nd aWftera? survey in bribing t h©$ up <~ to-date. IvaaJc-U' / (ZoJL^i Ck^/\rv\S^-s*K) y i ti) i EM 1 t ,A^io AA^/) A/vv vA> j[y iiit ( i / O wtA/W'-' ''jrv. o-t| <[\ ? /r *fe=e x* aa^xk, ^ -— i-tanki^ '-'' cr ^^ 4a) ^A^\aJL-^a^ y' ^r( I * * 1 / ' t j^yC-A. /VV\yA/W U- -/ '“" yy / fr^t MM^vv, (■ * i i" 0 » I 1 * yf/O^L/u^w — rj- iVv\y^!X^^d>v ^wa/) ^4 J 4-V>| A^kXA^'itavw S&l I * C^A^j*\\b\^ L*--0 ^,0 1^^. J -7" ■;/ f ?^r « (fa ) v ** lh, SYCNAN BOTANICAL OARDKHS Monthly Report for June, 2605 . 1. Dr . gurtado's report on his work . Herbarium . Che* Mohd. Nur re-arranged 3*804 specimens of the Rubiaeeae family. Che 1 Kiah mended 281 specimens and mounted 80 specimens of Algae. * As a result of new species detected in the Calamus Section on which i am working at present, I had to re-draft my specific key for the Section. 137 specimens were identified for Nipponese officials. Hr. York Qhye ?nade 5 drawings of 4 species of Calamus. His time vss also taken in preparing some maps for the Department. Miscellaneous . I took round throe times some Nipponese officials who were interested in the medicinal plants that could he easily grown in Malai. I pointed out to them that many local plants like Datura met el 3hould be investigated regarding the possibilities of their use as drugs at present. Datura, for instance, figures very largely in native medicine and in some cases is reputed to be a very efficacious remedy. Rica and Sugar were brought and distributed to the coolies, the distribution of the rice being done, as usual, twice a month. No oil could be obtained during this month. There is a possibility of the Rice Consumers f Unit being cancelled, but Mr. Sudo is making arrangements for facilities to obtain rice en bloc and then distributing it to our coolies during their leisure. Failure to obtain rice en bloc will mean a good deal of trouble to our coolies, as it IS often difficult to get rice and other rationed articles in a short time and after working hours, i have managed to settle 8 families in the Tyeraall area and probably more will liice to go there, as now the rumour that the place is haunted has proved to bo untrue. Many aroids especially Alocasia macrorrhiza have been planted along the fence of the Johore Ra j ah palace grounds. There has been *sorae dissatisfaction among the Yonins who have to work on Sundays. They are put on a daily wage basis, and yet they are told that they will not get any extra wages for Sunday b and other holidays. As Tokubetu-Si provide for Overtime wa£es and f he coolies and the monthly paid staff actually draw overtime jn the Municipal offices, the Yonins of our department seem to think that we are harsh on them at a time when the essential commodities are very dear in the market. I think therefore the question of overtime for the Yonins should be referred to the Tokubetu-Si for a general elucidation, since the Yonins get less pay if they work for the less number of days specified for the month. 2. Labelling ft recording of plants . Dr. Koriba wrote and l*t xed 100 Japanese labels (on white painted wood) and fixed them in place in the Gardena. The label printers made 85 painted labels. They also prepared 130 more white wooden labels for writing Japanese plan* names. 20 standard aluminium labels for lawn 0 were renewed and about 90 hanging aluminium labels were node for vegetables and orchids. -2- I Checking of lawn maps and record cards was continued by Messrs. Lange and Alphonse. They dealt with lawns H and I. 3* Mr. Holttura'a botauicaj. work . Mr. Holttum continued his wopk on local and cultivated orchids. Hu studied and prepared descriptions and keys for the groups of igulophia, Broraheadia, Thexasis and Acriopsie, and the two genera Thrixsperraura and Sarcochiius in the Vanda group. He als ) wrote a short account of the exotic cultivated orchids of the Oneidiun group. He prepared drawings of several more local orchids. 4 . Mr. Corner 's botanical work . Mr. Corner continued his work on the local fungi. He has completed his investiga* ions of the two families Glarariaceae and Cantharellaceae and of the genus Thelephora. These are mono- graphic studies embracing the species of the whole world. He is now engaged on writing up the results and preparing the drawings. Mr. Corner al3^ assisted Cr. Koriba in his botanical studies both in the laboratory and in Byonan Island by botanical excursions on Sunday mornings. 5* Pott i ng Yard . 413 plants were potted or re-potted. 359 cuttings were planted of species needing propagation. Ten kinds of seed3 were planted including the very interesting local species AnclatrQcladu3 pinangianus (seeds obtained by Dr. "oriba and .Mr. C o rn e r " In" ” t h Z $e s t rv o i r Jungle). 76 foliage plants were sent fox* disiilay in the Flant House, and 36 bought back to the Potting lard for re-potting, 6 plants were sent to Government House. , 6. Plant House . The stocK of pot-plants was maintained as usual. Some more Anthuriu.ns were re-potted, and many plants top- dressed with soil and fertilizer. The climbers on the roof of the small plant-house were pruned, as they were giving too much shade. 222 new plants from the Chinese gardener's nursery were sent for display on the steps, a/*d 211 old plants returned. 7. Orchids. Few new pollinations were made dur ng the month, as the stock of flasks for raising seedlings is now fully in use. 20 seed-pods were gathered during the month; several had no good seeds, and several others few seeds. Among the latter were some very interesting crosses between Spathoglott ia and Phaius, two genera which have never previously been crossed together. Another cross was between two small species of Dendrobiuraj this will be of much botanical interest. A few s ;eds were obtained of Arschuis Lowii ( a very fine Bornean species ) with Arachnis f los-aeris and Honanthera Storiei . One new Vanda hybrid f* 1 owe re dd u r i ng the month, but it was no* very distinctive. Several of the local species of orchids flowered and were examined by Hr. Holttum. 8 . General work in the Garde ns . For the first 7 days of the month 6 men went daily to the Museum, but after that we had the full staff employed at the Gardens, Much work was howev r done at Tyersall, so that arrears i of weeding were not made good, but a good deal was done to make the Gardens more tidy. A considerable length of roadside drains were weeded, beside the Main Gate, Office Gate, Office Ring and Lower Ling Roads. The Lake-aide path was also weeded, and the approach to the Office. / - 3 - * i* Lawns A & £ - Several beds were weeded, and all Canna beds cleaned of dead flowers. lawn £ - All beds near the Office, including the Hibiscus beds, were weeded* and fertilizer added. Some new Pentas plants were planted to fill up the ground under the tall Tccoma shrubs in front of the Office. lawn >1 - Thv, sun rockery was thoroughly weeded and the small shrubby plants which had grown too bushy pruned. The larger succulents are making very good growth. Lawn J - All beds^were weeded and a dressing of compost added. Lawn IT - A large Shores tree near the entrance to the Potting Yard had nnny small dead branches in the crown, and it was thought safer to prune the crown entirely, to prevent possible danger of the tree falling over C'luny Hoad. This work took a gang of men a week to complete. Some Nibong poles were also felled, and used in making stakes for the climbing orchids. Lawn Q - Three new seedling Oleanders were planted as a trial. A new bed was dug for the la rge~f lowered white Crinum, of which we now have many plants. All flower beds and borders were weeded and manured. The gravel paths on the sun-dial terrace were weeded, and the paved paths planted at the edges with Alternanthera . A new ^luneria ( P. obtuaa , snail variety) was planted. L awn Y - A large bamboo overhanging Tyersall Hoad was pruned. 9. V egetable G-ardena (report by iir, Lange) . The following beds were prepared and planted; - 6 beds of Long Bean, Brinjal, Bendi k " " Maize, Cucumber, Bayam 3 " " Brass ice, Sweet Potato 2 " * Indian Lettuce, Kangkong , 1 bed of Chilli. • The harvest web bat is factory; 3 bunches of Bananas and 51 Papayas we e cropped. 9 gallons of Tobacco infusion and 3 gallons Kerosene emulsion (stock solution) wa3 prepared to combat plant pests. 2 large heaps of compost was made. A further 2 varieties of Sweet Potato have been found and added to the collection. 12 new kinds of vegetable crops have been established from seeds received by Dr, Koriba from Japan. The viability of seeds was good. Records for each particular crop are being kept in order to study its adaptability to local conditions. More are to be planted. Pew of the seeds from the cross Hibiscus man i hot x Hibiscus esculent, us germinated. The few young seedlings succumbed to "damping off disease". However good results have been obtained from Hibiscus mutabilis x Hibiscus radiatus. * A ~ { i i ,! X/ U vL y. . f- m V Ur .. .. . 3 . -v ' > ' // n rJf ( y? xS* SYOHAN BOTANICAL GARDENS Monthly Deport for June. 2603 * 1. Jr. F ur t ad a ' s report un his work . Herbarium . Che* Mohd. flpi* re-arranged 3,&Ok specif :ens of the Rubiaceae famiy. Che* Kiah mended 281 specimens and mounted 80 specimens of Algae. As a result of new species de tec tea in the Calamus Section on which I am working at present, 1 had to re-draft my sp ecif ic Key for the Section. ~~ ^ 187 specimens wore identified for Nipponese officials. Mr. t ine m % Y ork Qh ye made 5 drawings of 4 species of Calamus. His no n Iso taken in preparing some maps for the Department. it — Miscellaneous . I to roun d three times some Nipponese * officials who were Intereste d in the medi cina l plants that fcould he easily p ^nwn^i n Mala i . TT^ooTnfea outjto tKem that many local plants like Datura me 4 e I s ould be "investigated regarding the possibilities of their use as drugs at present. Da + ura, for instance, figures very largely in native medicine and in some cases is reputed to be a very efficacious remedy. f Rice and Sugar were brought and distributed to the coolies, / the distribution of the rice being done, as usual, twice a month. No oil could be obtained dur ing -this month. There is a possibility of the Rice Consumers ’ Unit being cancelled, but Mr. Cudo is making arrangements for facilities t f > obtain rice en bloc and then distributing it to our coolies during their leisure. Failure to obtain rice en bloc will mean a good deal of trouble to our coolies, as it i£ often difficult to get rice and other rationed articles in a short time and after working hours. i have managed to settle 8 families in the Tyersall area and probably more will lixce to go there, as now the rumour that the place is haunted has proved to bt untrue. Many arolds especially Alocasia rnacrorrhiza have been planted along the fence of tne Johor e Rajah's palace grounds. There has been some disaati si action among the Yon ins who have to work on Sundays. They are put on a daily wage basis, and yet they are told that they will not get any extra wages for Sundays and other holidays. As Tokubetu-3i provide for overtime wages and the coolies and the monthly paid 3tsff actually iraw overtime in the Municipal offices, the Yonins of our department seem to think that \so are harsh on them at a time when the efssential commodities are very vicar in the market. I think therefore *be question of overtime for the Yonins should be referred to the Tokubet.u-3i for a general elucidation, since the Yonins get leas pay if they work for + he less number of days specified for the month. -y/ 2. Lab e 1 1 i ng ft re c or d 1 n g of plants . r u Dr. Koriba wrote and fixed 100 Japanese labels (^n white painted wood) and fixed then in place in the hardens. The label printers made 85 painted labels. They -also prepared 130 more white wooden labels for writing Japanese plant names. 20 standard aluminium labels for lawn 0 were renewed ai d about 90 hanging aluminium Labels were made for vegetables and orchids , &*/f (»/i 0 t r V Checking of lawn maps and record cards was continued by Lasers, Lange and Alphonso. They dealt with lawns H and I. J 3 • Mr* Holtt urn * a b o t an ic a i. wo rk . ilr. Holt turn continued his work on local and cultivated orchics* He studied and prepared descriptions and keys Tor the groups of Lulophia, Broraheauia , Tneiasis and Aeriopsis, ant* the two genera Thrixspemum and Baroochilus in the Vanda group, iie als ) wrote a short account oi’ the exotic cultivated orchids of the Oncidium group. He prepared drawings of several more local orchids. U • Hr. Corner's botanical \;ork . ,, v» 1 ♦ < Mr. Corner continued his work on the local fungi. He has ■\ completed his invtsstiga^ i ons of the two families Clarariaceae IS and Cantharellaeeae and of the genus Thelephora. These are mono y. graphic studies emb racing the species of + he whole world, tie ~ is now engaged on writing up the results and preparing the drawings. Mr. Corner also assisted Dr. Koriba in his botanical studies both in the laboratory and in Syonan Island by botanical excursions on Sunday mornings. 5 . Potting Y ard 413 plants were ro+tea or re •ootted. 339 cuttings we^e fren kinds of seeds planted of species needing propagation^ were planned including the very interesting local species Arci strc c ladns pinamrianu s ( s^ods obtained by Dr. Koriba and i'r. Corner in th e Reservoir JbHdfle).] 76 foliage plants were sent for display in the Plant House, and 3& brought back to the lotting Yard for re-potting. 6 plants were sent to Government House. 6. Plant douse . The stoe^ of pot-pxants was maintained as v usual. Borne more Anthuriums were re-potted, and many plants top- dressed with soil and fei tilizcr. The climber s on the roof of the small plant-house were pruned, os they vrere giving too much shade. rg22 new plants from the Chinese gardener's nursery were sent for display on the steps, and kll oid plants returned. 7. Orchids. Pew new pollinations were made dur ng the month, as the stock of flasks for raising seedlings is now fully in use. 20 seed-pods were gathered during the month; several had no good seeds, and several others few seeds. Among the latter were some very interesting crosses between Spathoglottis and Phaiua, two gonera which have never previously been crossed together. Another cross was between two small species of Dendrobium; this will be of much botanical Interest. A few sr-eds were obtained of Arucrnis Lo wii ( a very fine Bornean species ) with Arachnis f los-aeris and kemmther a Gtor lel . One new Vanda hybrid f lowered Tfuring the month," but it was not very distinctive. Several of the local species of orchids flowered and were examined by Mr. Holttian. 8. General work in the Gardens * for the first 7 Jays of the month 6 men went, daily to the Museum, but after that we had the full staff employed at the Gardens. Much work was howev r done at Tyersall. eo that arrears of weeding were not made good, but a good deal was done to make the Gardens more tidy.’l A considerable length of roadside drains were weeded, beside the Main Gate, Office Gate, Office Ring and Lower King k ads . >~The Lake- side p ath was also weeded, and the approach to the office. o f . ■ i \ * N.- id +/ t l y s/ % -b- Lawns A & B - Several beds were weeded, and all Canna beds cleaned of dead flow*., its. Lawn Ij - All beds near the office, including the Hibiscus beds,,... were weeded, and fertilizer added. Some new Pent as plants, were planted to fill up the ground under toe tall Tecoraa ' shrubs in front of the Office. La w n b. - The cun rocery was thoroughly weeded and the a lall shrubby plants which had grown too bushy pruned. The larger succulents are making very good growth. Lawn J -All beds were weeded and a dressing of comoost added. L awn N ~ A large Chorea tree near the entrance to the PottiHfe Yard had many small dead branches in the crown, and it oas thought safer to prune the crown entirely, to prevent possible danger of the tree falling over C'luny Road. This work took a gang of men a week to complete. Some Mbong poles were also felled, and used in making stakes for the climbing orchids. i l awn o - Three new seedling Oleanders were planned as a trial. "X new bed ;vns dug f >r the large-flovre ~ed whi+e Crlnum, of which we now have many plants. All flower beds and borders were weeded and manured. The gravel paths on the sun-dial terraHce were weeded, and f he paved paths planted at the < dgea with ALt.._-riianthera , A new Plumeria ( P. obtusa , snail variety) was planted. Lawn Y - A large bamboo overhanging Tyeraall Road was pruned, 9 . Vegetable Gardens (report by Hr. Lange) . The following beds were prepared and planted; - 6 beds of Long Bean, Brinjal, Bendi 4 w " Maize, Cucumber, Bayam 3 M ” Brass ica. Sweet Potato 2 n rt Indian Lettuce, Langkong 1 bed of Chilli. / The harvest was satisfactory: 3 bunches of Bananas and 31 Papayas we e cropped. 9 gallons of Tobacco infusion and 3 gallons Kerosene emulsion (stock solution) was prepared to combat plant pests. 2 large heaps of compost was made. A further 2 varieties of 3weet Potato have been found and added to the collection. 12 new kinds of vegetable crops have been established from seeds received by Dr, Koribs from Japan. The viability of the seeds was good. Records for each particular crop are being kept in order to study its adaptability to local conditions. More are to be planted. Pew of * t he seeds from the cross Hibiscus manihot x Hibiscus eseulentus germinated. The few young seedlings succumbed to "damping off disease". However good results have been obtained from Hibiscus mutabilis x Hibiscus radiatus. BXuLAft BOTANICAL GA-ilBbS Monthly Report for July, 2603* 1 . Dr. Furtodo'g report on hla work. Herb arium . .10,839 specimens of the Hong Kong herbarium ha ,r e been incorporated in the general herbarium. 'These specimens represent about two-fifths of the total number of the specimens in the herbarium. A good many Nipponese officers both from Syonan and from outside came to the Gardens for information about medicinal and poisonous plants arid al30 to sec specimens either growing in the Gardens or preserved in the herbarium. A small set of the common poisonous and medicinal shrubs and creepers was made and presented to the Tanglin Okabutai concerned with research in drug3. I had to go three times to the grounds and advise the versons concerned as to the choice of the gr und, the manner of preparing it, etc. In all 66 plants were presented to the Okabutai. Another set of weeds having edible tops and leaves was made, dried, named and presented f o a Military medical officer of the Nipponese garrison. The interest in the weeds supply- ing leafy vegetables has been very great recently so that some medical officers have asked for more sets and volunteered to pay for the artists and get drawings made of the plants. Liorary . Che* Abdul vVahab typed 31 titles for recently bound books for which the printing department has hot put any titles on the covers, and pasted the typed slips onto the bacK of the books. A large number of medical and fibre experts have been consulting our library. This takes a good deal of my time, as I have personally to show the books and some times the chapters concerned to the information seekers. Apparently the other libraries in Syonan, though having the necessary books, have not persons who can guide consultants to the necessary informa- tion. ! Miscellaneous . Rice and Sugar and oil were distributed to the coolies and their families as usual. Tils tine oil was obtained in the same quantity as given to other persons outside the consumer-unit and so the coolies were satisfied. On 28th July 46 Gardens coolies end 5 outside ones (these engaged a3 substitutes for the Gardens coolies) we~e sent to Thailand at the request of Kosei-ka. I had to do a great deal of work before these would prepare themselves to go to T aiinnd. In consequence of the large exodus of coolies to Thailand and also because of the increase in the coolie wages made by different Okabutais, firms, etc. in 3y onan, it has been found difficult to engage coolies for the Gardens at the usual Toku- betu-Si wage-scale, and it is feared that, if the wages of our coolies are not increased, more of our coolies will leave the Gardens, At present we h- Ve 6 vacancies excluding 46 vacancies created by the coolies who have left for Thailand. It is suggested therefore to give an increase tc the existing coolies, to m&ke them work on alternate Sundays, and to engage women ana old men for light wor&. «► 2. Labelling ana Indexing of Plants . The Label Printers made 40 new woolen labels and renewed 4 * « > C>3 Jib LVi kjf*"'' ‘VV ‘ &/MI\ 50 old ones. They also renewed It anuanl aluminium labels and made about 100 hanging labels. 120 new Japanese labels for trees of interest were written and placed in position under Dr. Kor-iba’s supervision. Ip sign -boards for Bukit Tinah Forest R< .serve and 100 new boards for Japnese plant-labels were prepared with white paint, ready for writing. * i essrs. Len t© and Alphonso continued their work on lawn Ions, finishing lawns H Sc J and working on K * f; L. Hr. Alphonso began a survey of f he varieties of Plumeria in the Gardens (about 13 kinds), preparing descriptions; from which th c y inOjr be identified. IP- rls > continued his recording of the varieties of Hibiscus. 3. Mr. Hoi' tun 1 s Botanical Vork. kr. Holt turn continued his study of Malayan orchids, he almost completed a survey of the large Vanda-Sarcanthus group (begun in June), dealing with about 73 species, and in addition prepur a g some notes on exotic cultivated species. Hot ail these observations are yet fully written out. Key3 to the larger genera were prepared and inserted in the herbarium, all sped ens being re-arranged. Several more drawings were also made, of flowers which were available during the month. k» Hr. Corner's Botanical Wor k. Mr. Corner continued his researches on Malayan fungi and spent much time on making detailed drawings. He also b ran, at Dr. Korfba's suggestion, a study of the leaf-structure 4n the genus Pandanus and the similar genera Mapanla and Hypolytrium in the Cyperacene. The preliminary investigation showed that the leaf-structure would be a useful aid and criterion to the classification of Pan dan us . Mr. Corner also assisted Dr. Koriba in his botanical work. 3 . Potting Yard . \ . 266 plants were potted or re-potted, and 273 cuttings made. 1? piant3 were sent to the plant-house and 60 brought to the potting yard for re-conditioning. 10 plants were supplied for Tan Tocic >eng hospital, and 66 to the Tangiin pharmaceutical Okabutai (see Dr. Hurtado* s re ort ) . After the 20th July Marzukl , Foreman Gardener in charge of the potting yard, had sicK leave, and also the s f aff was reduced owing to shortage of labourers; during the remainder of the month little besides watering and weeding was done. A very beautiful red-flowered Mucuna from Hew Guinea, which was planted last year as a triax to climb on + he Cratoxy Ion tree in the potting yard, flowered during the month f vs the first time. it is hoped that seeds will be formed, as this is one of tne finest flowering climbers we hnve :.n the Gardens. 6. jPlaUt house . About 2GG new flowering plants were brought to the steps for display, from the Chinese Gardener's nuraexy, and. a similar number of old plants returned. The usual routine work continued in the plant house. A plant of the beautiful Mucuna from Hew Guinea mentioned above was planted so that it will climb on the front of the Plant House and display its flowers hanging from the roof. 7. Orchids . New seeds of 12 hybrids were sown in flasks nur ng the - 3 - month; two or three of these nre pr obably not fertile. The / , beat of these hybrid's r re probably Arachnia flos aeris-Hookeriuna x Renan there Storiei and with Vanda Dearei. Some others are between mall -flowered ftendrobiums , raised for their botanical interest. 15 new pollinations were carried out. Several of these were with ^richoglottio luzonensis and T. phillppinensis ♦ which flower- rarely but have good and unusual colour combinational they appear to cross freely with Araohnis and Vandopsis. Ruu tine laboratory work of transplanting continued, as far as tht. supply of flasks pern i 4 ted, and 5 batches of seedlings were transferred from flasks to ‘pots. Three Vanda seedlings flowered for the firs t time but did not prove of great interest, 8. General Work in the Gardens. dawns A A B - Weeding of Canna and other beds and general tick ing of taiu area wad continued. Two lead Sago palms trunks were failed and. removed. Lawn D. - A dead Cupressus wee removed end a new plant put out. Several young plants were given fertiliser. Lawn H - The paths round and through this lawn, including the Lakeside path, were weeded, and the drains beside them also. L awn 0 - The flower beds and borders were maintained as usual. Two new Bougainvillea seedlings we^e planted for trial. j >s w i a 7 - The Sun Rockery, which hod become much oversown with gras 3 and weeds, vas thoroughly cleaned. General. 8 gallons of pc * ml was obtained for motor mowers, and the grass cut on lawns B t* id bweet Potato growing practised locally, as against tile practice xa capan (arranged by Dr. jxorioa). Dotes or the above experiments have been recorded. I I t 7 SYONAN BOTANICAL GARDES Monthly Report for August. 2603, X 1* Dr. Fur^ado^ report . Herbarium. Che 1 Nur re-arranged 4740 specimens in the general herbarium and incorporated into it 916 specimens from the Hong Kong Herbarium. Che* Kiah dried 20 specimens for the Herbarium. About 60 specimens were identified for Nipponese officials, most of which were weeds used as vegetables. Mr. York Chye, Che’ Juraimi and Che’ Bajuri made 74 copies of drawings of vegetable plants and 30 original drawings of fresh specimens. Lib rary . Mr. A. Uspeckerman was officially appointed as a temporary typist from 12th August and was busy in making a typed list of the card index of the books according to the authors. Mi scellaneous . Che ! Kiah spent a week in Penang and brought for the Syonan Botanic Cardens living specimens and seeds of economic plants which he was specially instructed to collect. I iiad to take a number of Nipponese officials round the Gardens, hicb t of whom were interested in medicinal and timber L- trees. A barbed wire fence was put round the Gardens Coolie Lines with the view to control of thieves and unwanted visitors to the lines. Two thieves were arrested by our watchmen, one in the act of smuggling out a number of goods from Raffles College grounds, and the other thief on suspicion that he was responsible for stealing clothing belonging to some coolies who had gone to Thailand. The first thief was given into the custody of the soldiers at Raffles College; the second thief was handed over to the Orchard Road Police Station for further enquiry. / y A list of the common poisonous plants from Burma and Assam v 7 was prepared and given over to Military Nipponese officials. fib During the first two weeks of the month Che 1 Nur and I were busy in distributing ration cards to the people, in explain- ing the new procedure concerning the rations, and in helping persons in the area around the Gardens to correct defects which would have prevented them from obtaining their rations. 2 , Labelling,^; Indexing of Plants . Only one Label-printer was employed during the month (Bajuri bin Sappan); he spent part of his time in copying draw- ings of vegetable plants, and so few labels were made. 16 new labels were painted and 10 old ones re-painted. 35 hanging aluminium labels were made. 70 new Japanese labels were written by Mr. Sudo and placed in the Gardens. 38 new sign-boards for Bukit Tiinah Forest Reserve were prepared with white paint. Mr. Lange continued his revision of the plans of the trees and shrubs planted in the Gardens and of the index cards refer- ring to the plants. Lawns P, R and S were checked and the cards numbered according to the plans. Cards were made for all the memorial trees, and details in Japanese entered by Mr. Sudo, £» If 8 / 1 i f 1 J ^ / iT, Alphoneo continued to record the varieties of Plumeria in the ^rduiiG and prepared tie script! one of two d.rin .** the month; he also continued with hi ■ records of Hibiscus* . ;r. Hoi It urn* s botanical .vor;t. ;8 i* r, rolttum continued hie study of • alayan orclidn. He Oomoi ?ted his account of the large v on dn-Arachnic grouj t ■ ; th *reys +r > the genera , end revised hie earlier* incomplete account of + he Ooc logy fie Troup, h? also studied the genera ierostyli© h t vC; Liparis, o rep a ring deucri . t i one. of all species, and keys; t h i u i o n o t y e t f u 1 ly w ri + + o n 1 20 , A few n ew <1 rs w 1 n g b v e r c i b f i e from plants which flowered during + he non *h , and a few copies of drawings in the Gardens coll cot ion. 4 . r r. Corner’s botanical work* !!r. Corner con+inurd his researches on Malayan fungi and • we most of his t ime to the c oriole* ion of lieroscopic drawings me assisted nr*. Koriba in general botanical work and in the I preparation of planting-thatcrial. Ip also p«« ^ red material I — ^ or. wild fruits ar?d agricultural plants for the .• 'a routs ,,T okup 0 5. fott 1 nj? jfarrt. ; - u r * i n • r C h e f m a r z u k i 1 s ab senes, r ' r , \ 1 pi \ on s n v n s if' charge , w: th a reduced, staff of 3 ten# A consigrtnen* * ‘ o^eds. cut - t ,: rr y ‘? , --n d ^bm Pr^of ‘*»eo;cinnl o lr mtq >u* > f "rom in.'; ng \\ Che ’ mi oh and potted. Cutting? mere 0 - e ~~ b- l. ~»i.ou s GarlTaria pI;U! f ml ™h Lch __ t he t, ock n cedsrep 1 en i -• hi ng , irclu lt<% s om e 01 tie hegonii s auc me pen thee . feeds of (Jossypiun and Hibiscus hybri is .very pla ted; . p,;jo a ye is of the 7 est Indian . ; oap- be ig y olbyf aus q.' -jq. .rite) , f jfc oc Oil .-‘mlm. ‘ Pai naettia w ere proungs ted or^buar'ing evoeriments. if .._*lpriba oi’ql, ;ht ee- da o* -/lot or in xmmia rro- , Java ; tlieu j were pif ..tea. <«-a r t 1 „ i a the imric *u, pu.rt ly ii. note in — a taiiu in the i-ott i r« ? Y era. %fi *% / % ‘I u r Jfi 1 m 3ceds of vari ous plants , gnd water-li li as f were supplied to -Japanese officers, also 11 rains, 3 ocronias. 1 Gasuarina sumatrana and i baesalpinin ferrea. 1 plert of ilacocarpue gnriitrua won supplied for Government ruse. . The plants in the House were maintained as usual. oikI the flowering plan+o on the ntepr. changed weekly. In the border of the small plant -ho use two more Per.i.aferia orchids and one Vanil la plant were planted. 7, r'iv*c> i jfie . The vork on orchid seedlings was carried on as us uni by ur. ilvlrigu + on. 12 now k'rdn seeds were cov.t In flssks, h nr m r»y « cen 1 h ngs t r *n nop 1 nn 4 ed . lovc^n 1 new, poll! nn tions * ere made during + he month, ■ ont o^ tharn of an experimental nature, bo new hybrid fiowergd cur’ng + he non + v . At + he orchid nursery, ■ several benches were renewed ^i+h wood »uif bricks from y- rsall. The usual diepluy of flowering plwitt was main- t inod in the sm ill plant -house, 8, H en t rn 1 work in the Gardens . p.ving to reduction of utaff, only essential work was ,*iU Out. 4 Indian w )i Jen nnci 9 ii«lay Cornell were engaged for wce^i.'ig a*. .* owedping; the Iruiian wornex: were employee- ii.. vvecumg drums and n : 11 this sou v He rn n:;rt 01. the Jarlenr- fei-/ f2 > * * V - 3 ' m j % % V VT A- ** ) L * * 4 f>) (dam bate and office bate koadr-;), and the Malay women in the veg e table g f * r e n 3 a 11 d ha nd s t an d a re a . e h i e 1 I y w e e d ing beds. Five old men were also e ngaged to help in sweeping, weeding' and ws: t er 1 no* a nr other similar work. ’ supply of p&trol wps obtained and the two Dennis To tor ho we es were urea to cut grass or. lawns A * 3, a, J , A, -V and X. 7 he small Xnnsome's mowe v was out of order and undo :-gn5 ng re vn ra. Island in Lake# ;v dead -an Janus was cut down and self- 2 'ji-oited hushes of seva^sl soveiog removed. till t ■’ ■■■ Lous young plants on lawns J , X , d and B. Th unbergia c limbar- smothering trees along the Oluny Hoad boon ;pry tv as eu + back. d. few planting. - ■ ■ -I ■ — - ■*— - I M P - one read Ouprensus on lawn D was replaced with a new plan* oi v up r e s 3 as o b t us a va n . aquarr osa . hew plants of* Prumnopitys e l egant? and Pod o ca r pus sp. we pcs also planted, or- Irwn L, and a plant of the recently selected bougainvillea seedling no, 2 added t 1 the Bougainvillea collection on lawn 3. n lawn D beds were prepared for planting Cocoa and Coffee bum ea. On the bar dr 1 / and hill /.' demi pi >nt,. o i Coy i.toi- tegie . . *e Is ia and Puranta were replaced 9 and also two new ixouga x ■ • ilea seedlings were planted. 1 0 . Veg ejfca 1 ; it ia r te n s _ (rejr > rt by > if, Lange ) . Many beds were re-conditioned for the recent on of the roil o” 1 n 4 c r op a ; - 6 bed '- Long Bean and Brinjal;.- dW'-et Potst >, n 3 " » Bandy and Lnyan; iv. 2 g ana miso.en: I : J y* e and. 3 '. ,v nrd enn. Tie harvest *.vav reduced considerably as the best part of tv vegetable nursery is now* utilised for grovi ng crops which do no* require particular attention (Sweet “p’h/to. Tapioca and leladi) and beer use of the recent reduction’ of skill* l labour. In lawn : the Banana iarea . was recultivated and renanu red according to the quarter yes r ’ 3 system. Boros large Angsana cuttings had their roots and crowns pruned In oraer facilitate removal in f he near future. In lawns P and Y some verctHblee established from Japanese seeds w* re harvested. These particular strains appear to grow well m cr Iocs l cor.Gl • ions. In lawn Y an experiment on Sweet Potato, arranged h, Pr, j ..onov , a 8 te v : . vi n a tc d an d some n«>t e . r • r * a c r ' ct , 11. beat!' of One’ 1 .arv ‘f V-jt H erbarium . Qhe f fur* ru-arvanged 474 "• eoeci ens In the general h<. rhp ri. urn and inoornar-fited into It 9 16 specimen- from the Hong K^ng herbarium. C he * Kish dried 2* spud ens for the Herbarium. About 6n Rnari ^ens wore identified for Nipooneae official;- , ■ ■ >f vhioh ,f t ;e weeds used as vegetables. air. York Ohye* Ghe T d uraimi end Che 1 3a luri, made 74 copies of drawings of vegeto le plants *• -d 3f orl g Inal dr , a ; xngs of fresh specimens. Lib rary . 7r. . :mpeelc j-man * ae officially a mooted ns a temporary typist from 12th August and was busy in making a tp m? ? list of the card index of the books according to the aut ; ors. ? LI ocellar eaua . Che * Kiah spent u week in '"en.ong and b 'oght i r the Gy or an Jotar.ic Gar. lea a living specimens arid e< : ode of economic plants uhic' he was specially inntruat.e* to collect. to . • • ‘ ■ is roun I the mx t of whom were interested in medic ,.. a i ml timber trees. .A bar$e& wire fence was put round the Gardena Coolie i.ines mi th the view to control of thieves and un. /anted visitors to triv lines. Two thieves were arrested tv our watchmen, one in the act ). smuggling out a number of goods iron thixTlco College grounds, and the other thief on suspicion t . ,.-i i he we s responsible for stealing clothl-ig belonging t is coolies who had gone to Thailand. The first thief was given into trie custody*' of the soldiery at Rcffl-er College; the second thief was ha Rled over to ■the Orchard Road 'bit'.. :■*■..• u f >r further enquiry. * A list of the common poisonous plants from Burma and Assam wan prepared and given over to Military Nipponese of ficials. - uring the first two weeks of the month Che’ Bur and I were busy in distributing b t ion cards 4 o the myopic, in explain- ing the new procedure concerning the rations., and in helping person. • in the area around the >ardean to correct defects which would. h&ve prevented them from obtaining t.heir rations. 2 . Laht.rlj.ijig l Indexing of flan t s . '■ n 1 y on 3 Labe 1 -o p i n 4 & r wa 3 erapl >ye d dir 1 1 n g th e • non t h f^ajuri bin Jaypan); he spent part of his time in copying, draw- ings of vegetable plants, and so few labels w re ia!e. 16 new lob l I s were painted and 10 old once ce-oainted. 15 hanging a 1 urn j n i un lab els ^ wore cade. 7 ) new Japanese iabels ware written by ir. Kudo and placed in the Gardens. 30 new aign-boarde for Rukit ?1 iah Forest Reserve were prepared with white point. Mr. Lange continued his revini in of the plans of the trees and shrubs planted in the lardena and of the index ea *&o refer- ring to t h*e plants, nawns P, R and J were checked and the cards numbered accoruing to the pinna. Cards were mode for all the memorial trees, and details in Japanese entered by . r. Juuo . -2 Mr. Alphonso continued to record the varieties of Plumeria in the Gardens anti prepared descriptions of two during the month; he also continued with his records of Hibiscus. 3. Mr. Holttum 1 8 botanical work . Mr. Holttum continued his study of Malayan orchids. He completed his account of the large Vanda-Arachnie group, with keys to the genera, and revised hie earlier incomplete account of the Coelogyne group. He also studied the genera Microstylis and Liparie, preparing descriptions of all species, and keys; this is not yet fully written up. A few new drawings were made from plants which flowered during the month, and a few copies of drawings in the Gardens collection. 4. M r. Corner’s botanical work . Mr. Corner continued his researches on Malayan fungi and gave most of his time to the completion of microscopic drawings, re assisted Dr. Koriba in general botanical work and in the preparation of planting-material. He also preoared material on wild fruits and agricultural plants for the Marquis Tokugawa. 5 • Potting Yard. During Che’ Marzukl’a absence, Mr. Alphonso was in charge, with a reduced staff of 3 men. A consignment of seeds, cut- tings and plants of medicinal plants were brought from Pena rig by Che’ Kiah and potted. Cuttings were made of various Gardens plants of which the stock needs replenishing, including some of the Begonias and Nepenthes. Seeds of Gossypiura and Hibiscus hybrids were planted; also seeds of the West Indian 3oap-berr^ ( Sapindus saponarius ). and African Oil Palm. New plants of Poinsett la were propagated for budding experiments. Dr. Koriba brought seeds of Victoria regia from Java; these were pleated partly in the lake and partly in pots in a tank in the Potting Yard. # Seeds of various plants, and water-lilies, were supplied to Japanese officers, also 11 pelms, 3 Begonias, 1 Casuarina sumatrena end 1 Caeeelpinie ferrea. A plant of Mlaeocarpus ganitrus was supplied for Government House. 6. Plant House . The plants in the Hottee were maintained as usual, and the flowering plants on the steps changed weekly. In the border of the small plant-house two more Peristeria orchids and one Vanilla plant were planted. 7 • Orch ids . The work on orchid seedlings was carried on as usual by Mr. Livingston, 12 new kinds of seeds were sown in flasks, and many seedlings transplanted. Several new pollinations were made during the month, most of them of an experimental nature. No new hybrid flowered during + he morMh. At the orchid nursery, several benches were renewed with wood and bricks from Tyersoll. The usual display of flowering plants was main- tained in the small plant-house. 8 . General work in the Gardens . Owing to reduction of staff, only essential work was carried out. 4 Indian women and 9 Malay women were engaged for weeding and sweeping; the Indian women were employed in weeding drains and beds in the southern part of the Gardens fall $ — * • ^ mm (Main Gate and Office Gate Hoads), and the Malay women in the vegetable gardens and bandstand area, chiefly weeding beds. Five old nen were also engaged to help in sweeping, weeding and watering and other similar work, A supply of petrol was obtained and the two Dennis Motor Mowers were used to cut grass on lawns A, 3, D, E, J , H» 'V and X, ’The small Raneome’s mower was out of order and undergoing repai rs. Island in Lake , A deed Pandanus was cut down and self- planted bushes of several species removed. Fertilizer was given to various young plants on lawns J, E , D and 3. Thunbergla climber smothering trees along the Cluny Hoad boundary was cut back. 9. Hew planting . One dead Cupressus on lawn D was replaced with a new plant of Cupressus obtus a var, a qua rr os a . New plants of Pr unn op itys elc-gana and Podocarp us op, were also planted on lawn D, and a plant of the recently selected Bougainvillea seedling no. 2 added to the Bougainvillea collection on lawn B. On lawn D beds were prepared for planting Cocoa and Coffee bushes. On th 3 Bandstand hill jt dead plants of Crypt oat.tgie, Brunfelsla and Duranta were replaced, and also two new Bougainvillea seedlings were planted. 10 . Vegetable Gardena ( report by Mr. ^nnge) . Many beds were re-conditioned for the reception of the following crops:- 6 beds Long Bean and Brinjal; h M Sweet Potato, Bendy* and Bayam; 3 w Kang Kong and Brasaica; 2 * Maize end Sword Bean. The harvest wa© reduced considerably as the best part of the vegetable nursery is now utilised for growing crops which x do not require particular attention (Sweet Potato, Tapioco and Keladi) and because of the recent reduction of skilled labour. In lawn R the Banana area , was recultivated and rananured according to the quarter year’s system Sore large Angaana cuttings had their roots and crowns pruned in order to facilitate removal in the near future. In lawns P and Y some vegetables established from Japanese seeds were harvested. There particular* strains appear to grow well under local conditions. In lawn Y an experiment on Sweet Potato, arranged by Dr. Koriba, was terminated and some notes recorded. 1 1 . Deat h of Ch e* M ar ‘Ztki, Foreman Gerdener . Che 1 karzuki, who h:.d been absent from work on sick leave for more than a month, died of pulmonary tuberculosis on 30 th August, he hod 17 years’ service, as Label-printer, Sub-overseer and Foreman-Gardener, and was a very reliable and useful man. He had charge of the Potting Yard and of propagation generally, and had a vei*y extensive knowledge of the plants in the Gardens. Tile fact that we have lost few kinds of plants from the Gardens during the last 18 months is largely due to hie care in main- taining stocks. S3 /f 3 / t > # 1.9.2603 I &rp^ sa^v«t.U.c j (Wvi i <. i f ^ * \ \ * r v*i £. . \pc u r\u.V*2~ SYONAN BOTANICAL GARDENS For Monthly Report/September, 2603 1. Dr, Furtado's Repo rt herbarium & Library. Che ? Nur re-arranged 8,428 specimens belon- iny to the Sa£>otaceae, Ebenaceae, Styraoeae, Oleaceae, Salvadoraceae* and Afacynaceae, incorporating Hong Kong specimens, Che* Kiah collected and dried 40 specimens and mended 158 specimens from the Hong Kong Herbaritim. he also helped Che* Nur in removing the Hong Kong specimens from the packages and in counting them* / I assisted in naming many s pecimena of poisonous and edible plants “brought to us from Burma and elsewhere* (In many cases I had to supply Hindustani names to the plants of which inquirers had only Latin names, and in some cases I had to supply Latin names when the inquirers had vernacular names only). Some Military Officers showed interest in Timber trees, and I had to supply particulars concerning their specific gravity, durability, growth, scientific names, etc. Messrs York Chye, Juraimi and Bajuri prepared over 150 drawings of weeds that could be used as vegetables* These drawings were required by the Military Authorities* Mr. A* EspecKerman typed 73 sheets of the library catalogue and helped Mr* A. Wahab in various ways. Miscellaneous, I was busy during the month with miscella- neous^aamini strati ve duties such as the classification of our labourers, etc* according to the new rules* Further, a good deal of time was taken in transmitting to the people the different orders sent by the Police. Death. On 24th instant one Indian Ooolie, kail a Bam, died of a short sickness. He had worked in the Gardens for nearly 30 years. Labou r Short a/ ■ o *, We are still experiencing great difficulties in obtaining labourers to do same essential work in the Gardens. 2. Mr* Hoi t turn f s B otanical Work* Mr. Holtturti studied the genus Oberonia (30 species in Malaya) and prepared descriptions of all species, with a key and diagrams of the habit and flowers of most of the species. He then began to deal with the Malayan terrestrial orchids, Qf which the genera Haknaria, Oorysanthes, Nervilia and cryptostylis were completed, so far as material available permits. A few more drawings were made. 3 . O rchid s. A second seedlin of the hybrid Vanda Dearei X Miss Bagnin flowered during the month and was described* A plant of the little-known sjXJCies Jyiqilidium Atropuwpurgum flowered and the opportunity was taken to check published descriptions. The seedlings in culture were maintained, in the care of Mr. Livingston, five new hybrids being added during the month. The additions included hybrids of local Bendroliums belonging to different groups of species, which have never been cro&Bed previously. The results should be of considerable botanical interest. 29 new pollinations were made, some o': which have failed. -2 * x :t \f -i V -VXb e * 4* Labelliq^,M a^i;iaxln« of glaate*. Only one Label— printer was employed* (Che f Bajuri bin Saopan). He made 35 new painted labels and recopied 30 old ones* During 11 days he was employed in making line-drawings of plants used as vegetables* Mr* Lange continued to devote some of his time to checking the law-maps and the record-cards of the plants* He dealt with Lawn T. 5* General Work in Gardens* Graau-Guttiwr* The two Dennis motor mowers were in use throJfiS S the mo nt h , cutting grass on lawns A, 3, a, H J, f & X* Men with hand-mowers were workin on lawns I & u, and two scythe-men trimming edges, "banks, etc. Drains. The four Tarnil women spent more than_half the month dledning drains on the main Gate Hoad, lotor King Hoau, and Director's drive. Lake. The work of cleaning the island, "begun at the end of August, was completed. A Tembusu tree on the west bank or the lake fell into the water and had to be cleared away. borne seedlings of Ma grove trees, previously planted in a tausc by Dr. Koriba , were removed to the head of 'the lake, to discover whether these trees will grow in fresh watex% The sides of the inlet channel to the lake, in the Dell, collapsed and several days’ work were needed to make it safe and clear. Some timber from Tyersall was used to repair the foot bridge at the foot of the lake, and also to bridge th* channel at the head of the lake* Lawns A 4 B * The Gama beds were weeded* It is difficult to find enough labour to keep them in proper condition. Lawn I . Further economic plants were planted near the office for the convenience of visitors.- Those planted Au-ust and September ares Coffee* Cocoa, Cocaine, oitronella Gra^s, Pepper. Other plants in this lawn were weeded and treated w th fertiliser. Lawn J. A trae of lanta went to the Zinja in the reservoir forest, taking raar^ Plants, for planting near the Zinja, as arranged by Dr. Ko iba with Mr. Corner's assistance. *0. Plant House . / The plants were maintained as usual, and the flowering plants on the steps renewed weekly. house? to the permanent orchids in the lower of tne a. ail p. V 6 , Mr. Corner 1 a Reporl . Hr. Corner continued his researches on Malayan fungi and completed a large number of nioroscopiool drawings. He also assisted Dr. Korlba in his studios of Malayan plants, in the collection of seeds and planting material anu in the control oi the Forest Reserves under the iot.inioal Garden 9. Vegetable G ardens (resort b.. Hr. Langfel. i’hc following beds were reconditioned for the rc oeptlon of these crops? 3 bods of each Bendi and Cwoet Potato 4 « " " cuouraber - Long Bean 3 » '* " Brinjal - Maiae 2 " " Ha dish 1 bod of BraBSica. . tl _ . _ General routine and nialntenanc© was as usual* neap& or oo;.post were prepared in order to provide organic matter. flowered for the first time after ting well is the Dlosoorea bu^blfeyfl The nearly a year} a (Ubiatas) ~ , ■ “ ; • " A simple ex perlmont to discover whether degeneration ean occur in the local Cucumber by selection la now In the sixth jtencr.tlan* Conclusive evidence has not boon obtained. The experiment will be repeated. A new aeries of experlmen a in nitrogen manuring of Sweet Potato planted by thus tfapanc** method are in progress An experiment on Yam Beans is now in the third period of new growth. A selection of seeds from Hibiscus esculentua has now given evidenoe that there exist two types. One has ue*ply lobe-, leaves and the other larger and not so deeply Inc nod i ;ves. In Lawn R the levbacioua cotton from American origin is dying baok. A considerable amount of raw cotton lias been collected in spite of the weather and peats. fh« oot-tou lias been utilised for orchid-seedling in the Cardens Laboratory. Several well grown young trees of Casuarina puraatrana and Angrana have been removed elsewhere for planting. SYONA 30TA.T0.-iL GAJD5L:3 *1 .Monthly Report for October, 2603 1 * 33 p. Purtado *s Report Herbarium. Che* Kiah inspected most of the bottles and tubes from the spirit collections, refilling the bottles with alcohol or alcohol- formalin as necessary, and re-waxing and removing the corks where required. He collected 400 specimens of about 20 different kinds of weeds used as vegetables. These are being dried at present. Che f ilur rearranged 6,290 specimens in the general herbarium incorporating in it the specimens of the Hong ICong Herbarium of the corresponding families, namely, Apocynaceae , Asclepediaceae, Loganiaceae, Gentianaceae’, Boraginaceae and Convolvulaceae. Mr. Purtado identified over 50 specimens of edible weeds collected for the purpose of showing them to Military Students. He had also to attend to various inquiries made by ITippon-zin concerning plants of medicinal or economic importance, and also to supply to them the required information (or literature) about their analyses. Many inquiries were received also concerning plants poisonous to men and livestock. Miscellaneous . Mr. Purtado visited Johor e in the company -of Prof. Karione and Capt. Hachiya, the visit being in connection with the study of medicinal and poisonous x^lnnts. Some officers were taken round the Gardens to show them the different poisonous and medicinal plants in the Gardens. It was a great relief to the coolies that the Department arranged for the oil distribution department ally thereby saving the coolies a good deal of time and trouble. It is rather difficult to recruit coolies at the existing rates, and further comiJlications have arisen because certain departments offer the coolies not only higher wages but also higher rice rations. In view of this it is highly desirable that the status of many of our coolies as a labourer on light work should be reconsidered. Mr. Mspeckerman typed 50 page3| of the Library Catalogue, and 35 ■cages of *ooisonous and medicinal plants. He also assisted Mr. A. Wahab -A #*. , — • in collecting the coolies* Nation cards and making their list for departmental use. Mr. York Ghye prepared 4 drawings of rattan and about 10 drawings of vegetables. Mr. Purtado also assisted in teaching A.R.P. duties to the people in the Gardens Kampong and those living in the neighbourhood. 2. Mr. Holt turn's Botanical Work • Mr. Holttum completed his studs?’ of the smaller terrestrial orchids and began to write up his notes on this group (about 90 species). He began a revision of some of the groups examined at the beginning of the present work, which, were not treated with sufficient thoroughness. When this is completed a full revision of all Peninsular Orchids will have been made. A few more drawings were made during the month. 3 • Mr. Corner *s Botanical work | Mr. Corner continued his researches on Malayan fungi and completed a large number of microscopical drawings , He also assisted Dr. Korioa in his studies of Malayan plants, in the collection of seeds and planting material and in the control of the Forest Reserves under the Botanical Garden. r f fo/’ 4. Orchids The first pure white Vanda hybrid flowered during the month (v', Josephine X . V. Hookeriana v. alba}. The plant was not strong and had only one flower, but it is hoped by careful cultivation to induce stronger growth. If free-flowering, it should be very useful. Mr. Livingston continued routine work with the seedlings in the laboratory. He made further experiments in adding acidic and neutral nutrient solution to some of the flasks, with valuable results. Some Vanda seedlings which were very yellow improved greatly on receiving acid nutrient, and Phaius-Spattoglottis seedlings improved on receiving neutral nutrient. 13 new plantings of hybrid seeds were made, but not all of them are likely to be successful. Plants from 4 flasks were planted out in the potting yard, and 8 new flasks were transplanted with immature seedlings. The cotton wool collected from cotton plants in the Gardens is under trial for use In plugging the flasks. 31 new pollinations were made. 5 • Labelling and Indexing: of Plants Che* Bajuri painted 7 labels in Nippon characters, also 37 new labels of standard type, and repaired 46 old labels. He also made about 63 . new aluminium labels and renewed 7 standard aluminium labels. Lawns H, S, E, P and P were inspected and labels renewed or removed for renewal as necessary. Mr. Lange checked the plans of lawns A, B, C, 6: D, and the corresponding index cards, adding lawn numbers to the cards where these were lacking and making other corrections. 6 . General Work in Gardens Grass-Cutting . The two Dennis motor-mowers were in use throughout the month and cut grass on all the more open areas. Hand mowers were in use on the lawns x’ound the office and bandstand and a sy the -man round the banks of the lake. Ganna -Beds . Three or four Tamil women were employed throughout the month weeding the Carma-beds ; all the beds were weeded twice. Manure was also added. The drains beside the Main Gate Road near the Ganna-beds were also cleaned.- I Lawn B. The Gaesalpini^ bed was pruned and weeded. A large Bougainvillea fell; was pruned and re-supported. Lawn D. The Tecoma beds by the office were pruned, weeded and manured. A plant of Ficus alba was planted and a bed made for Betel Pepper (SireiO near the Black Pepper already planted. Lawn E. The rockery was thoroughly weeded and the shrubs in it pruned. Lawn K. Many fallen bamboo branches were cleared away. - r - - - I ■ I v « Lawn 0. All Gladiolus bulbs were removed to the office for drying and resting, and the Gladiolus beds planted with annuals. Six plants of Aphelandra tetragona were planted in one of the Crinum beds. Gardens Junp;le. A large Calophyllum tree fell across the end of Liane Road and had to be cleared away. A large branch also fell off another tree and blocked the road from Liane Road to the Potting Yard. Aroids on the trees by Gluny Road were cut back. Lawn T. Two large branches on the old Waringing tree by the Director’s house broke with their own weight and had to oe pruneo,. Lawn X . A number of young palms were weeded and manured. 1 7. Potting Yard Owing to Mr. Alphonso's continued absence, supervision oi work j, ff' rj jj i ' ¥ was limited and little more than routine weeding, watering and re-potting /as done. A number of tree seeds , obtained by Che 1 Ngadiman, were planted. 8. Plant House Routine work of sweeping, cleaning, weeding and top-dressing of pot plants was continued. The plants on the stejjs were changed each Friday, and also the orchids in the orchid house. 9 • Vegetable Garde ns (Report by Mr. Lange) Many beds were reconditioned for the reception of the following crops : 8 beds of Bendy 4 ” u Long Bean, Cucumber. 3 rf ,F Brinjals, Bayam, Brassica, Radish. 2 t! " Shallots, Groundnuts 1 bed of Tomato. In the Nursery many areas hitherto neglected have now come under Tapioca, and Sweet Potato cultivation. General routine and maintenance was performed as usual. 2 gallons Tobacco infusion was manufactured to combat plant pests. In Lawn P the Citrus and Papaya areas have been manured according to the quarter-year schedule. New Papaya trees have been replanted in place of unproductive trees. The Italian Limes have flowered and a few fruits have been observed. This is the first occasion that the plants are known to fruit since their introduction. Many of the cotton plants are now dying back. It has been decided to prune them hard back in order to induce a second period of growth. • In Lawn R several varieties of Japanese seeds are under experimental trial. It is desired to select good strains of vegetable that could be suitable for growing under local conditions. The long Japanese Cucumber is in its second generation and doing extremely well. Hitherto cucumber seeds from Suttons and Yates grown here have not proved as good as this particular strain. \ Further experimental trials to ascertain the possibilities of deterioration from a pure line selection of the local cvjauraber are under observation. Experimental nitrogenous manuring on the Japanese method of planting sweet Potato is still incomplete. BYOIIAN BOTANICAL OARDWLB Monthly Report for October, 2603 1 . Dr. Furtado 1 a Report Herbarium . Che 1 Kiah inspected most of the Bottles and tubes from the spirit collections, refilling the Bottles with alcohol or alcohol- formalin as necessary, and re-waxing and removing the corks where required. He collected 400 specimens of aBout 20 different kinds of weeds used as vegetables* These are Being dried at present, Che 1 Nur rearranged 6,290 specimens in the general herbarium incorporating in it the specimens of the Hong Kong Herbarium of the corresponding families, namely, Apoeynaceae, Asclepediaceae, Loganiaceae, Gentlanaceae, Boraginaceae an I Convolvulaceae. .. Mr* Furtado identified over 50 specimens of edible weeds collected for the purpose of showing them to Iilitary Students. He had also to attend to various inquiries made by Nippon-sin concerning plants of medicinal or economic importance, and also to supply to them the required information (or literature) about their analyses. Ilany inquiries were received also concerning plants poisonous to men and livestock. Miscellaneo us. Mr. Furtado visited Johore in the company of / Prof. Karione and Capt. Hachiya, the visit Being in connection with j the study of medicinal and poisonous plants. Some officers were tsicen round the Gardens to show them the different poisonous and medicinal plants in the Gardens. It was a great relief to the coolies that the Department arranged for the oil distribution department ally thereby saving the coolies a j good deal of time and trouble. It is rather difficult to recruit coolies at the existing rates, and further complications have arisen because certain departments offer the coolies not only higher wages but also higher rice rations. In view of this it is highly desirable that the status of many of our coolies as a labourer on light work should be reconsidered. / Mr* Bspeekerraan typed 50 pages of the Library Catalogue, ana o5 j pages of poisonous and medicinal plants. He alno assisted wir. A. vahab J in collecting the coolies 1 ration cards and making their list for departmental use. Mr. York Ghye prepared 4 drawings of rattan and about 10 drawings - of vegetables. J Mr. Furtado also assisted in teaching A.R.P. duties to the people in the Gardens Kaznpong and those living in the neighbourhood. 2. Hr. Holt tom* s Botanical Work , Mr. Holttum completed his study of the smaller terrestrial orchids and began to write up his notes on this group (about 90 species;. ne began a revision of some of the groups examined at the beginning ox ti.e ^ present work, which were not treated with sufficient thorou* hness. When this is completed a full revision of all deninsular Orchids will have been made. A few more drawings were made durin ; me month. 3. Mr. Corners Botanical W oxk Mr. Corner continued his researches on Malayan fungi and completed a large number of microscopical drawings. He also assisted Dr* Korxba in his studies of Malayan plants, in thecollectionofseedsmd planting material and in the control of the Forest deserves under the Botanical Garden. 4* Orchids The first pure white Vanda hybrid flowered during the month (V. Josephine X V, Hookeriana v. alba). The plant was not strong and had only one flower, but it is hoped by careful cultivation to induce stronger growth. If free-flowering, it should be very useful. Mr. Livingston continued routine work with the seedlings in the laboratory. He made further experiments in adding acidic and neutral nutrient solution to some of the flasks, with valuaoi results* ootie Vanda seedlings which were very yellow improved greatly on receiving acid nutrient, and Phalus-Spattoglottis seedlings improved on receiving neutral nutrient. 13 new plantings of hybrid seeds were made, but not all of them are likely to be successful. Plants from 4 flasks were planted out in the potting yard, and 8 new flasks were transplanted with iimaature seedlings. The cotton wool collected from cotton plants in the Gardens is under trial for use in plugging the flasks. 31 new pollinations were made. 5. Labelling and Indexing of Pl ants, for renewal as necessary. Mr, Lange checked the planB of lawns A, B, 0, * I), and the corresponding index cards, adding lawn numbers to tne cards wuere these were lacking and making other corrections. / Che' Bajurl painted 7 labels in Nippon characters, also 57 new 'labels of standard type, and repaired 48 old labels. fie also rand* about 65 new aluminium labels and renewed 7 standard aluminium labels Lawns H, 3, E, P and P were inspected and labels renewed o.: rc. loved 6. General Work in Gardens Grass-Cutting. The two Dennis motor-raowers were in use throughout the- month and cut grass on all the more open ^as. Hand mowex^were in use on the lavras round the office and bandstand ana a sy u ..e-man round (sh© ban'^s of the lake. Canna-Beds. Three or four Tamil women were employed throughout the month weeding the Canna-beds; all the beds were weeded twice.^ Manure was also added. The drains beside the Maun wute Hoad near the Canna-beds were also cleaned* Lam B. The Uaesalpinla bed #as pruned and weeded. A la-t,e Bougainvillea fell; was pruned and re-supported. Lawn D. The Tecoma beds by the office were pruned, weeded and^ manured. A plant of Ficus alba was Plated and a oed made ,oi ,e,el Pepper (Sireh) near the Black Pepper already planted. L awn E. The rockery was thoroughly weeded and ohe shrubs in it pruned. Lawn H. Many fallen bamboo branches were cleared *way. t AuTii 0 ah Gladiolus bulbs were removed to the oft ice lor dryi^Sd^esSg; SS the Gladiolus beds planted with anomls^ Six plants of A helanora tetragon* were planted in on- oi t. Orinum beds. Gardens .T iingia. A large Oalophyllum tree_f.il across v - ■•■-r-n e ’~'oTd" and had to be cleared away. A large branch also fell of f^ano ther° t ree and bio eked the road from Lianc dead Jo the Potting Yard. Aroids on the trees by Cluay Road were cuo back, i T awn T Two large branches on the old Waringing tree by the Direc tor^s^house broke with their own weight and had to bo pruned. Lawn X, A number of young palms were weeded and nanurea. 7. Potting Yard / Owing to Mr. Alphonse’s continued absence, supervision oi work £2-/f to !$> -3- 4 was limited and little more than routine weeding; , watering and re-potting wme done. A number of tree seeds, obtained by Che Ngadtaan, were planted. * « 8. Plant House Routine work of sweeping, cleaning, weeding and top-dressing of pot plants was continued. The plants on the steps were changed each Friday, and also the orchids in the orchid house. ^ 9. Vegetable Gardens ( Rego gt,M_^ JjaikSgl Many beds were reconditioned for the reception of the following crops : 8 beds of Bendy 4 " " Long Bean, Cucumber. ■t, » '* Brinjale, Bayara, Brassica, Radish. 2 " " Shallots, Groundnuts 1 bed of Tomato. In the Nursery many areas hitherto neglected have now colic under Tapioca, and Sweet Potato cultivation. General routine and maintenance was performed an usual. 2 gallons Tobacco infusion was manufactured to combat plant pests. of growth. trial. It is desirea vo sej.ee* gouu. »i.x .*-!«» ^ be suitable for growing under local conditions. trial under observation. Experimental nitrogenous manuring on the Japanese method of planting sweet Potato is still incomplete. ^ 1.11.2603 amvM aomiuwo. OAiamu I T . 1 .forest oihgg^-aaa JtofrMKft lierooriup, . Oil©* hlSh inspected c»et of the bottle* and tubes fron the n Or it coll ce fcions y refilling til© bettlen with aleoliol or cicohol- formalin as necessary, end re-waxing and removing the corks ©here required. Eo collected 400 specimens of about 20 different kinds of weeds used as vegetables, Thee# are being dried at present. . . • t » i ' * ' oiie* liur rearranged 6,290 specimens in the general herbarium incorporating in it tho specimens' of the Hoag kong Herbarium of the eorresponding fooUies, namely, A^ocynaceae, Asoiepeoiaoes*, ioganiaceac, Oontianaceae, Boraglnaeeae as. c onvol vulacoae. Mr, Furtado identified over 30 specimens of edible ©cede collected for the purpose of showing them to .tuittijjr Students, _ ue hud also to attend to various inquiries made by kippon-sin concerning plants of neiiicinal or eoo oriio importance, and elso to au ply to then the required information (or literature) about their analyses, Heny inquiries ©ere received also concerning plants poiBo:K>ue to men and livestock. HlBoollnneous. Mr, Purtodo visited Johore in the o mpany of Prof. ' Morions and. liapi. liaohiys, the visit being in eonnectiem ,/i th the study of medicinal and poisonous plants, Gone office rs ©ero taken round the Gardena to show then the different poisonous anti laedioiiial plants in the Gardens, it ©as s groat relief to the coolies tiiat the Deportment erraoged for the oil distribution depoi tmen tally thereby easing tho coolies a good deal of time and trouble. It is rather difficult to recruit coolies at the existing rates, anu further oorapllcations hev© arisen boeauao certain doparbiunte offer the coolioe not only higher wages hat also higher rice rations. In Vio® of this it is highly desirable tiiat the status of many of our coolies as a labourer on light work should be reconsidered. Ur, Gspockensan typed 30 pages of the librae Oataloguo, and 35 pages of poisonous and medicinal plants. He also assisted tr* A, ©aiiau in collecting the coolioe* ration cards end nuking their list for departmental use. Mr, York uhye prepared h drawings of rattan and about 10 urawings of vegetables, Mr, Furtado also assisted in teaching A.il.i 1 , duties to the people in tho Gardena Emnpong and those living in the neighbourhood. i:r. Holttum cot- pi ( t®d hie study of the s taler terrestrial orchids and began to ©rite un hie notes on this group (about 90 spec ies. * * l ® beeon « revision of e®:» of the groups examined at the beginning of the present work, which were not treated with sufficient thoroughness* When this is completed a full revision of all Peninsular Orchids mil have been node. * A few nore drawings were ta»de during tm monta. 3. Hr,. WQr nej^n_j^eu&'l,^m^ Jr, Corner e »ntinued his research* s on Malaya", fungi and oonpletsd a large number off microscopical lirawings. lie also assisted If. foiuba in hie studies of Malayan plants, in the collection of seeds and planting material and in the control of tho Forest Reserves under the Botanical Garden. ( t„- i«- V.. Vw *V (Os'* ‘ tV \ >tC\ *V Qrc\& ^ ,f\ v . . * ’ t - * . a. •4. Orchids The first pure whit© Vanda hybrid flowered during the raoxath (?. Josephine X V, Hookeriana v. alba). The plant vaa not strong anA had only one flower, tat it is hoped by careful cultivation to induce s Iron ;er growth* if free-flowering , it sliould te very useful# Up, Livingston continued routine work with the seedling* in the laboratory • he made further expcrlaonts in adding addle an*, neutral nutrient solution to some of the flasks, with valuable results# Sons Vanda seedlings which wore very yellow ixaproved greatly on receiving acid nutrient, Ptaius-dpottoclottia seedlings improved on r eeivlng neutral nutrient. 13 new plantings of hybrid seeds were made, "but not ail of then are likely to ho successful# Plants to 4 flaeka were planted otxt In the potting yard, and 8 hew flasks were toan»lanted with to:*- ture seedlings# 'iho cotton wool collected to cotton plants in tue ta.dens is untier trial for us© la plugging the flasks. 31 net? pollinations were made. 5. uho* Baiuri painted 7 labels in Wppon characters , also 37 new labels of standard iypd, an... repaired 4& old labels. ile also .mats about 65 now aiuniniun labels and renewe 7 0 ta*idari ghou t the m3 32 Sit grass on all the 1 in use on the lawns round tha office and bandstand and a e&the-raon round th© or “the lake* UAnna—fiodB • Vhro© or Tour XiqU wanea ivoro «^Pl the giX the Osn^boda* all tha .beds xfwre VMde ee^ Manure was also added, The drains oeaj.de «he lain Gfc.te loud no... the OannaAbods were alto deaaod# La. n 3. The Oaosalpinla bod was pruned and weeded# A large Bougainvillea fell} woe pruned and. re-supported. Lawn D. The Tecoma beds by the office were pruned, weeded and manuwSA plant of Ficus alba was Planted anflated made for Betel Pepper (Sireh) near the Black Pepper alrea-Jy planted. The rockery was thoroughly weeded and the shrubs in it pruned. [.avm 11 . Many fallen bamboo branches were cleared awty. Lawn 0. All Gladiolus bulbs were removed to the office for dry iiMrSdres ting , and the Gladiolus beds planted with aza*ual®. ^plants of A^helanflra tetragons were planted in one of the Urinun bed©* A large Geiophyllura tree feU across the end a€ r son a and &»& to b<. c.'o.-sod away. a large br.n^h ul.o_tell off another tree and blocked the road to Diane ^oed to the Dotting Yard# Aroida on the trees by Oluny fioad were out back. Lawn T. Two large brsnohos on the old Wwin,.:iflp 1»os Director* o~Uouee broke with their own weight ann had to be pruned. Lawn A number of young pabns were weeded and x innured# 7. i8$&i3IL I&sSk Owing to Mr. Alphonso , a continued absence, supervision of work -> J , m\B United and little raore than routine weeding, watering and ro-^tting - as clone. A number of tree seed®, obtained by Ohe* Hgadtaan, were planted. a. ffl ia L iaaB 9 . ; Routine work of sweeping, Gleaning* weeding and top-drecalng of pot plants was continued. She plants on the steps wore changed each Friday, and also the orchids in the orchid house. 9. Vegetable ( ffrtrf fB *°art ter Mr. Lan gel Many beds were reconditioned for the reception of the following crops : Q beds of bendy 4 " " Long Sean, Gucuntoer. ' 3 *' w Srlnials, Sayan, Jraselea, »^adiah. 2 '• " ballots! Gr>un&»nte 1 bed of Taranto. In the Nursery many areas hitherto ne&leoted have now otxus under Tapioca , and Sweet Potato cultivation. General routine and cwlntenanee was perforated as usual. 2 gallons Tobacco infusion was manufactured to combat plant pests. In Lawn p the Citrus and Papaya areas have been manured according to the auaruor-year schedule. Lew Papaya trees iiave been replanted in place of unproductive trees* The Italian Lines have flowered end a few fruito have been observed# Thiu Is the occasion uhat the plants are known to fruit sinoe their Intro* lue t Ion# Man:' of the cotton plants aro new dying back# It has been decided to prune them hard back in order to induce a second period of growth# In Lawn R several varieties of Japanese seeds are under experimental trial. It is desired to select good strains of vegetable that w ad bo suitable for growing under local conditions. The long Japanese Cucumber is in its second generation and doing extremely well, Hitherto cucumber seeds fmt Suttone aiie Yates grown here have not aroveft as good as this particular strain. Further experimental trials to ascertain the possibilities of deterioration front a pure line selection of the local eufiurabor are under observation* Rgperimental nitrogenous mnuring wn the Japanese iMrihofi of planting sweet Potato 1 b still incoc.$?lote» 1.11.2603 i* : ‘yN- i / . i’hff not nlants inside the houses won* watered, denned and top— ireaaed regularly. Sana of the hanging plants war© re-potted. 9. Vegetable Gar dens » Report by Mr*. Mmg. 2iie following beds were reconditioned and planted with va..’iou# oropis; 6~of Bendi, Brinjals, Long Bean, Lobak 5 of Gucmber , Maize 3 of Yam Jean, Groundnut, Brassica 2 of Bnake Gourd© In Lawn P %hv different kinds of fia&ishes of Japanese origin aro thriving very satisfactorily# In Lawn E, 4 kinds of the American herbaceous a .nual cotton plants have boon removed; with the advent of the rainy season they had maw some now growth and were flowering quite well# fhe plants were 6 i tonths old# At Dr. Watanabe f s request Greater Yams and Allium ociorm were grown in their place# In the Nursery one particular type of Greater Yam, possibly froti $erdang# has boon shewn to mature in 6 to 7 months over a period ol 4 plantings# It has been decided to multiply tills variety# With the near exhaustion of artificial fertilisers the urial of sludge, as quick acting manure, is being substituted# A 1.12.2603 i / X'.'i ..L li^V-ViUOAt, Houthiy Report for Kovefaber . 2605 . 1* Dr, F ur tado 1 a re par t . C he* Nu r i*e -arranged 4702 sheets in ‘he Herbarium, incorporating the Hong Kong specimens of the corresponding plant-families , ruraely. Convolvuli ceae , Colon aceae , Scrophulariaceae , Crobaijcheceae, Leuti- bulariae and Gesneraceae, and wrote 125 herbarium Index Cards for the new genera formerly not represented in our herbarium* Hr. , Ch on Y ork Chye made 5 drawings of Calamus species and 3 of the vegetables. Che ? Kiah dried 410 specimens of edible weeds find inspected alcohol collections in 12 almelrahs, changing or adding alcohol where necessary. Jr* Fur to Jo named 76 specimens for Nipponese officers, looked after the general adrninis* at ion of the Gardens Department, assisted Dr. Watsnabe in his work on economic plants and in the development of the economic gardens at the Sultana. He also supplied info mot ion to different inquirers at the Gardens. 1 m. the Pulau 3 rani company of Dr. '7a ‘ anabe , Dr. Fur tado and Che’ Hur visited on 15. 11.03 and named for + he Military authorities 10? species growing on the island. Che’ Hgadiman planted for the Military authorities 2) 7 seedlings of Hym en a e a courbnril (locust Tree), 6 CO seedlings of up/nla g^ond is, 48? cuttings of - j t er oc opus in d i c us , 300 seedlings A lbTz z in mo luc c o nn . *n d seeds of t h e to 1 low ing species: rterocor uua 3 no i cue afeou 1 170(57 Kuter olobi um sanan 1000. Casuarina euuiseti folia 2000 , Hun tin -la o a J. b u ra ” T k a ny o U&kura ) about 1000. It" is yet too early to report on the probability of the success in these plantings. Hr. A. j^apeCiicman typed 50 pages of Index Card catalogue of the Library, in addition to typing a Labourers’ List lor rice -allowance, receipts for books sold and for money given to temporary coolies work- ing at Tyorsail, paysheet lor the families of Thailand labourers, lists of Oil, Bran and Charcoal brought for the Gaz-dens* 3taff, and also many lists of information required from books by Nipponese visitors. Che* A bd ul vYahab continued with the usual office routine work. Some of hia work had to be done by M r ., A . r speckermnn because during this month he had the extraordinary work of preparing particulars for Labourers errjployment books, etc., required by the new Regulations made for labourers by the Tokubetu-Sl. He also devoted some time in order to obtain 37 tyres and 33 tubes for bicycles of 19 employ oca of the Gardens. As there are now no more Sugar end Rice Units in the Gardens, it is expected the* In future Che* Wahnb will be able to prepare lists concerning Oil, Bran and Charcoal requ irements . Owing * high/ wa;p:8 and better rice-rat 1 >ns offered by the different Military Departments, it is extremely difficult to engage labourers for our Department. In fact many of our labourers have left our Department to take up work elsewhere. At present only one coolie out of eight is remaining at the Hukit Tirnah Forest Reserves, and as he was also threatening to resign I have premised him a higher wage. Unless we promise higher wa -es for the Bukit Ti iah Forest Reserve patrol coolies, it ia feared tha- 5 - the vacancies in the staff will n^t be filled and that, ns a result, the "Reserve will deteriorate considerably due to unwarranted cutting down of trees. It must be understood that, owing to a vary high price offered for firewood in the market, the temptation to cut firewood in an unpatrolled forest may be irresistible to many a firewood dealer in the island. Che* Kyadlman .reports "hat he has already seen some Chinese who had come to carry avay dead firewood from the Reserves. fo( f»r 7) ; " . / I, !'• '• . . | ‘ 2 . j>©B;dto fcheas labour difficulties, however, attempts are being /^fendG to plant u the Sultana grounds *ith the different kinds of / ecoxu»aia plants selected by Dx% tfateaaba wuo will, submit a report on tin? plantings separately. For this purpose we have been using *«* oart—tii -S workers working on a contract bacia, also som# f unalo labor rors recently engaged, and Bale temporary coalmen supplied to us from the neighbour i*v * gardens# A ncr?; gate has been opened up and a provisional road was mailed# Durin ’ tlvls nonth • oil, bran and charcoal wore bought a*-d diet*.-.** buted for the staff, Che Ahnat assisting me Iri this distributioiu 2 • ME* Holttunla, Mr, Ho It tun continued, work on his book deal lug with Malian Oioiilds# Tiiia work* begun a year ago, is now nearing completion. All native Malayan orchids have now been studied, so far so specimens available pornit; the total number is 767. Ascriptions of ©11 those have been typed out* with keys to all genera. During the aionth Mr# AOlttua revised and added to r. general introduction to the book* oo-ipi^ea a ^ general kSy to all Halaynn Orchids, made various corxections ^Previous work, aiid uade several re?/ drawings . Further accounts at cuio.ivation mid the raising of aeodlings have still to be written, and many ^ore drawings are needed to illustrate the work fully. 3. jfr* Corner* a r Hr. Corner conroenocd tine preparation of a list at wild and cultivated plants on Syonan Island. He continued his researches on Mrlayln funji and completed a large wwtoer of tacpoacopioal cU «rtnfcj. Hr also assisted Dr. Xoriba in hie studio. of ***%“ collection oi* seeds anti planting material and in tha cm trol ol the Forest Kcaervos under the Botanical Garden. 4 . Orchids Two new hybrid seedlings flowered during the month. Vanda Miss joaouto X^aeSilea (fifth seedling of this cross, a good one, to he nro )a^atcd): Vanda syathulata X Arachnis Hooker x ana (ratliei yellow flowers, to he need for further •brooding). Afcw new pollination. Sere made, owing to the flowering 01 species and hy^id* which flower mT-oiv those used were Vanda tricolor var. purpurea, Vanda ^>.»t»ralat« X Arachnis Hookorlsna, Arachnis liolngeyi X Vanda tricolor, an, j. l ivalaenop vlolaoea X Anabilis. Four lot. of now seeds were planter ^he seedling cultures in flask? were maintained as usual, 5 . Tjfthelllnz and n» <,»■; nsnistol Dr. Xorioa in fixing more Japanese plant label, and in coi rSti so^ old ^3. He rrnde 45 mu .tandard labels and Sprinted A number of aluminium labels were also made. Mr, Lango continued his work on the lawn pinna and Indax-oards, working oa Lawn F. 6 . _ tho month^arS^hand-cutt in, r was carried out in various areas »s reporte last month. Two Malay women assisted in sweeping eat gross an f< 1~ loaves. Fallen Trees,. Three trees fell during storms and had tp he clonild^aw^rTlischodon seylanioum on Law B, gJJJg^gJJ^SSSw* at the back of tho Orinum Led. on Lawn I* ^cs ha a llao to hi felled on ?hc edg?Of the' Potting Yard, as they wore overhanging tho gloss^hou&cs • * it /> 3 * / a parts of Drains. Women were alloyed to clean and weed drains in various f the Gardena. Lam A. Canna and other beds were weeded twice and dead Canna flowers removed. Two young plants of the Interesting Malayan tree tJaoicia ornate (collected last May by Dr* Koriba) were planted in the wet ground near the hedge. Lawn B. Canna and other beds were weeded as on Lawn A. i ' . Lawn 1I |T 6 Aoalypha plants in the Aoalypha border were removed* Two Plumeria seedlings flowered for the first time, one a very bright red colour and worth propagating* 'ucx vm Is The Hibiscus beds were weeded* Lawn 0 t The dward hedge round the bandstand was pruned f and gaps filled by new plants | the border all round the bandstand was replanted* other be da on Lawn 0 v/ere replanted v/ith Balaam and Oleoma* The small plants above the low coral wall were replanted, and a few new ones added* Six seedling Jatropha were planted. Another Bougainvillea seedling flowered and was discarded* The younger palms were needed and fertiliser applied* Lawn Z* The Bougainvillea seedlings near the Asst* Director 9 a house were pruned and staked* Lone have yet flowered* Borne seedling Hiiipeastrum bulbs produced flowers and v/ere transplanted for propagation* The roof of the lower glass-house was overhauled and made rain-proof; the glass in the top section of the upper house was removed, the timber renewed where necessary, and the glass replaced by galvanized iron sheets* This work was done by Mr* Chong Poh and Che Harun. Much further work on the upper house is necessary to make it rain-proof* At present it is unsatisfactory for the smaller orchid seedlings, which have had to be removed to the lower house* The la ge-flowered Hew Guinea climber i^ou, a Bennettil flowered for the second time (first in July) and made a fxne display* It is one of the finest flowering climbers in the Gardens* The following orchid and aroid plants were supplied for Military Headquarters* Bpathoglottie plieata Arachnis Hookeriana X Vanda suavis Bendroblum Pauline Anthurlum andraearura Aglaonema costatum Pronaflati )^ Mr* Alphonse returned to duty on the 11th and had charge of this and other woik in the Potting Yard* Cuttings were made of* Orthosiphon, Oleander, Jatropha pandurifolia (pink variety). Hibiscus mutabllla, Derrls el lip* lea, Strophanthus , Ardisla* Seeds were planted oft Caauarlne equlsehfolia, Bagi, iillett, & Ti t Honda * Plants of the following were potted* Poinsebia, Oreodoxa, Ficus callicarpa, Dracaena* The stock of potted plants was checked over and replanting done where possible* Two gardeners assisted in this work* The Chinese gardener continued proparfmion of Begonias, ferns and other pot-plants* w Weeding. Three women were employed in weeding. 8. Plant House The flowering plants on the steps war* changed three time* during the month, new plants being brought from the Chinese Gardener s nursery. / f n / .3> V ■ .u ■3 SYOLAN BOTANICAL GARDENS. Monthly Report Xbr November. 2.605* 1. Dr, Fertado*s report . Che* Nur re-arranged 4702 sheets In the Herbarium, incorporating the Hong Kong specimens or the corresponding plant-families, namely, Convolvulaaeae , Solanace&e, Serophuiariaceae , Orobaiiehaeeae, Lenti- bulariae artd Gesneraceae, and wrote 125 herbarium Index Cards for the new genera formerly not represented in our herbarium. Mr. C u an York Chye made 5 drawings of Calamus species and 3 of the vegetables. Che * Kiah dried 400 specimens of edible weeds and inspected alcohol collections in 12 almeirahs, changing or adding alcohol where necessary. Dr. Fur t a do named 76 specimens for Nipponese officers, looked after the general administration of the Cardens Department, assisted Dr. Wotanabe in his work on economic plants mid in the development of the economic gardens at the Sultana. He also supplied Information to different inquirers at the Cardens. In the company of Dr. Wat an aba, Dr. Furtado and Che r Nur visited :> uleu Brani on 15. 11.03 and named for the Military authorities 107 species growing on the island. Che 1 N gad Iran planted for the Military authorities 207 seedlings of Hynenaea courbari l (Locust Tree), 650 seedlings of jKu rro n i a gran d ie, 487 cuttings of Fter oc aroua indicua , 300 seedlings Albizzl'a rnolucoana , and seeds of the following species: Ftcrocarpus indie us about 1700, ■aintero lobium saman 1000, Casuarina equisetifolia 2000, l.funtlngia calbbura (Sanyo Sakura) about 1000. It is yet too early to report on the probability of the success in these plantings. Mr# A. Lspeckerman typed 30 pages of Index Card catalogue of the Library, in addition to typing a Labourers 1 List for rice-allowance , receipts for books 3old and for money given to temporary coolies work- ing at Tyersall, paysheet for th* families of Thailand labourers, lists of Oil, Bran and Charcoal brought for the Gardens* staff, and also many lists of information required from books by Nipponese visitors. Che* Abdul Wahab continued with the usual office routine work. Some of his work had to be done by Hr. A. Kspeckernan because during this month he had the extraordinary work of preparing particulars for Labourers employment books, etc., required by the new Regulations made for labourers by the Toicubetu-Si . He also devoted some lime in order to obtain 37 tyres and 33 tubes for bicycles of 19 employees of the Cardens. As there are now no more Sugar and Rice Units in the Gardens, it is expected that in future Che T Wahab will be able to prepare lists concerning Oil, Bran and Chare oel requirements. Owing to high/ wages and better rice-rat i >ns offered by the different Military Departments, it is extremely difficult to engage labourers for our Department. In fact many of our labourers have left our Department to take up work elsewhere. At present only one coolie out of eight is remaining at the Bukit Timah Forest Reserves, and as he was also threatening to resign I have promised him a higher wage. Unless we promise higher wages for the Bukit Timah Forest Reserve patrol coolies, it is feared that the vacancies In the staff will not be filled and that, as a result, the Reserve will deteriorate considerably due to unwarranted cutting down of trees. It must be understood that, owing to a very high price offered for firewood in the market, the temptation to cut firewood in an unpatrolled forest may be irresistible to many a firewood dealer in island. * Che* Ngadir.an reporta that he has already seen some Chinese who had come to carry away dead firewood from the Reserves. / f If M f 2 . Despite these labour difficulties, however, attempts are being made to plant up the Sultana grounds with the different kinds of economic plants selected by Dr. Watanabe who will submit a report on the plantings separately. For this purpose we have been using some part-time workers working on a contract basis, also some female labourers recently engaged, and some temporary coolies supplied to us from the neighbouring gardens. A new gate has been opened up and a provisional road was marked. During this month, oil, bran and charcoal were bought and distri- buted for the staff, Ghe Ahmat assisting me in this distribution. \ 2. Mr* Holttun^s Botanical Work Mr. Holt turn continued work on his book dealing with Malayan Orchids. This work, begun a year ago, is now nearing completion. All native Malayan orchids have now been studied, so far as specimens available permit; the total number is 7&7* Descriptions of all these have been typed out, with keys to all genera. During the month Mr, Holttura revised and added to a general introduction to the book, compiled a general key to all Malayan Orchids, made various corrections to previous work, and made several new drawings. Further accounts of cultivation and the raising of seedlings have still to be written, and many more drawings are needed to illustrate the work fully* 3 • Ir. C or ner^ Botanical Work I Mr. Corner commenced the preparation of a list of wild and cultivated plants on Syonan Island. He continued his researches on Malayan fungi and completed a large number of microscopical drawings. He also assisted Dr. Koriba in his studies of Malayan plants, in the collection of seeds and planting material and in the control of the Forest Reserves under the Botanical Garden. 4* Orchids Two new hybrid seedlings flowered during the month. Vanda Miss Joaquim X caerulea (fifth seedling of this cross, a good one, to be propagated); Vanda spathulata X Arachnis Hookeriana (rather small yellow flowers, to be used for further breeding). A few new pollinations were made, owing to the flowering of species and hybrids which flower rarely; those used were Vanda tricblor var. purpurea, Vanda spathulata X Arachnis Hookeriana, Arachnis Maingayi X Vanda tricolor, and Phalaenopsis violacea X Amabilis. Four lots of new seeds were planted. The seedling cultures in flasks were maintained as usual. 5. Labelling and Indexing of Plants Ghe Bajuri assisted Dr. Koriba in fixing more Japanese plant labels and in correcting some old ones. He made 45 new standard labels and reprinted 40 old ones. A number of aluminium labels were also made. Mr, Lange continued his work on the lawn plans and index-cards, working on Lawn F. 6. General Work in Garde ns Grass-cutting . The two Dennis motor mowers were in use throughout the month, and hand-cutting was carried out in various areas as reported last month. Two Malay women assisted in sweeping cut grass and fallen leaves. Fallen Ti^ees. Three trees fell during storms and had to be cleared away: Mischodon zeylanicum on Lawn B, Pygaeum poiystachynus at the back of the Crinum beds on Lawn N, and Xanthophyllum macrocarpufli in the Jungle beside Maranta Avenue. Two small trees had also to be felled on the edge of the Potting Yard, as they were overhanging the glass-houses. syVf// ^ } 3 . Drains. Worsen were employed to clean and weed, drains in various parts of The Gardena. L r T r i - . Csnna and other "beds were weeded twice and dead uam-ia flowers' mnoved. Two young plants of the interesting Malayan tree jackla or-nata (collected last May hy Dr. Koriba J were plant- ad xn the wet ground near the hedge. l ja ,. n 3. canna and other beds were weeded as on Dawn A. Lawn H. 6 Acalypha plants in the Acalypha border were removed. Two Plumeria seedlings flowered for the first time, one a very bright red colour and worth propagating. I Lawn I. The Hibiscus beds were weeded. , , ,« Lawn 0. 'me dward hedge round the bandstand was pruned, and gaps . fillecTbv' new plants; the border all round the bandstand was replanteai other beds on Lawn 0 were replanted with Balsam and claome. ™be s- iall plants above the low coral wall were replanted, and a few now ones added. Six seedling Jatropha were planted. Another Bougainvillea seedling flowered and was discarded. Lawn X. The younger palms wars weeded and f rtiliser ap: lieu. Lawn Z. The Bougainvillea seedlings near the Asst. Director's _ house"Trer5~pnined and staked. Hone have yet flowered. come seeolxag Hippeastrum bulbB produced flowers and were transplanted for propagation. 7. Potting Yard^ 'nie roof of the lower glass-house was overhauled and made rain-proof; the glass in the top section of the upper house was re: ’oveu, ^ , renewed where necessary, and the glass replaced galvanizes iron sheets* This work was done by Mr. Chong Poll a, id Che Harun. on the up er house is necessary to maict it rain-proof* At present JU i unsatisfactory for the smaller orchid seedlings, whioh have had *o bo removed to the lower house* The laige-f lowered Lew Guinea climber giucaii! Dg&a&J£ik flowered for the second time (first in July) and made a fine display. xc xs one of the finest flowering climbers in tho Gardens. The following orchid and aroid plants were supplied for Uilitary Headquarters* _ . Spsthoglottis plioata Arachnis Hookeriana X Vanda suavis Dendro’bium Pauline Antkurium an&raearun Aglaonema costatum Propagation. Mr. Alphonso returned to duty on the 11th and had charge oHhis Im d o -her wo.-ls in the Potting Yard. Cuttings were made of j Orthosiphon, Oleander, Jatropha pannurifolxa (pxnx variety). Hibiscus mutabixia , Derric elliptic* , . ^Vrophantnus , nrdxuAa. were planted of* Casuarina eiuisehioxia ? Pagi f Willett, & of th~ followixiv were potted: Poinsefcia, Oreodoxa # Ix^us »«««" ”o stock or jotted jlonto .«» cheokca o«r and replanting done whore possible. 'Two gardeners assisted xn thle^ work. The Chinese gardener continued propagation u i and other pot-plants* Weeding, ?hree women were employed in weeding# , 8* Pl ant House a ths ™ u / j y . r ?■ v •/' , - - i # TtL „ .r ^ - n # * i - 4* . I yjf^u ■ f The pot plants inside the houses were watered, cleaned and top-dressed regularly* Some of the hanging plants v/ero re—potted* m> --*«*■ *5w5rin' I • ir 9. Vegetable Gardena ; P.euort, bx Mr. Igim Ihe following beds were reconditioned and planted with various crops! G of Bendi , Bridals, Long Baan, Lobak 5 of Cucumber, Maize 3 of Yam B3an, c-roundaut, Mrascica 2 of Snake Gourd. —rr In Lara P the different kinds of Ra cliches of Japanese origin are thriving very satisfactorily* In Lara R, 4 kinds of the American herbaceous annual cotton plants have heen removed; with the advent of the rainy season they had made some new growth and were flowering . quite well* s fhc plants were 8 months old* At Dr* Watanahe 1 s request Greater yams and ±*11-. ur* odorum were grown in their place. In the Nursery one particular type of Greater Yam, possibly Iron Serdang , has heen shewn to mature in 6 to 7 months over a period oi 4 plantings* It has heen decided to multiply this variety* With the near exhaustion of artificial fertilizers the _»rial of sludge , as quick acting manure, is being substituted* 1.12.2603 . i ' y * ■ ; • \ Ei /*<•/* * t' t > f : / 1 / c 1 'l ♦ f y * s ** 1 /K r*l" i A o / )» i /< k/ -rt r * o nr? s 4 sr •A-fcl 7 r ( « 1 it 6 •K' (t ^ jt f ® ' \ t J. t ^ ^ ■ > /? £&&& •— - ■ - t > tW"' 1 s •i i $ SYONAN BOTANICAL GARDES. Monthly Report for December, 2603. 1. Dr. Furtado^ report (a) Botanic Gardens Che* Pur rear ranged 3, bid specimens in the general herbarium inserting in it also the specimens from the Hong Kong herbarium. The plant families concerned are Bignoniaceae, Pedalinae, Acanthaceae, Myoporinuae, Selagineae, Verbenaceae <1 nabiatae. He also helped Dr. Vatanabe in naming some plants. Ghe T Kiah mended 112 sx^eciuens from the Hong Kong herbarium and inserted from this herbarium into the general herbarium 738 genera covers together with species sheets. He also helped Dr. Watanabe in collecting some planting material and in drying some plant material to be submitted for medical analyses or experiments. fr« Fur t, a do helped the Nipponese officers in the general administration of the Department. He supplied Malay ft Javanese names to many plants which are listed as edible in the Military and other books prepared in Nippon. Ke also prepared for the proposed Flora of Syonan a list of Aroids g found wild or in common cultivation in Syonan. In the company of Che* Nur, Dr. Furtado helped Dr. atanebe to name 120 plants for the Tsukasa Butai in Katong. An interesting specimen among the dried herbs received for naming was the South African Barosrna crenata . a species never before recorded to have been imported in Syonan, though it i3 mentioned as a diuretic herbal in some Pharmacopoeias. A number of plants were dried and given to the Medicine Butai for analysis or experiments . Among these were included Gloriosa s upe rba . Calotropis gigantia . Tithonia diversifolia . Dr. Furtado acc origan it- d Mr. Sudo and brought about 3*000 herbarium specimens from the Custodian of ,-Jiemy Property. All tht.se 3p.ci.mens belonged to the Nipponese Mr. Z. Teruya who had, prior to the war, devoted intelligently his leisure in collecting in the Malaysian regions ana in building up a small private herbarium of his own. These specimens form, therefore, a very valuable addition to the Syonan herbarium wherein they will be gradually incorporated. In view of the fact that in Syonan such herbarium collections easily become mouldy or get attacked by insets unless specially preserved* and kept very dry, and that Mr. Teruya^ collections, though not specially protected, were neither mouldy nor attacked by insects, a surmise is made that the good condition of the collection was due to the French chalk which had accidentally fallen all over the specimens in the 3tore. Hence, thanks to the kindness of the Custodian of ,nemy Property, some French chalk has been obtained and is being now tried on the numerous unmounted specimens which, in the absence of any preservative, we find difficult to keep in good condition. In the cot npany of Dr. Watanabe . Dr. Furtado located in the compound of the Kramat at Rangoon Road an arboreous C alotropis gigantia having a stem about 20-23 cm. in diameter. With the assistance of Hr, T. da Costa the Veterinary Officer > of the Tokubetusi, Dr. Furtado selected 4 bullocks for the Gardens* Department. If +he schene matures, it is thought to use ploughs, rather than manual labour, in tilling some of the lands in the Economic Gardens. It is hoped that by this means the difficulty of getting manual labour will be decreased considerably. A3 ploughs are not locally obtainable, the Gardens carpenter was shown the models at the Museum so that he may construct ploughs suitable to the Gardens" needs. At x>**esent only one plough has 2 . ,been completed. A short cut path for motor cars leading from the office to the Main Gate vrns marked on the turf on the boundary of Lawns B & C, and small culverts have now been built so that the path is now usable by cai*s on dry days. Dr. Furtado arranged for the distribution of oil for the coolies and other members of the Gardens * Department# It was not possible to obtain bran and charcoal rations this month. Since food hawkers have become extremely rare in the vicinity of the Gardens and since it was impossible to buy loaves of bread except at exorbitant prices, an arrangement has now b ten made to obtain 150 loaves of bread and distribute them at cost price to the Gardens Staff. Che 1 A. Wahab carried on with the usual clerical routine of the office. Special Items in this month were the distribution to the da^iy paid workers of special metal badges obtained from the Tokn\>etusi. Some of the coolies who formerly received monthly salary then had rectangular badges and who have now received round badges have become dissatisfied. Rectangular badge is considered as more honorofic than the round one worn by ordinary coolies. Mr. A. Especkerman typed 40 sheets of the Flora of Syonan, 75 sheets of the Library Index, and assisted in preparing the lists for Bread and Bran, and also in receiving and returning the Provision Cards of the Staff. He also helped visitors in the Library. (bj Economic Gardens The Economic Gardens in the Sultana ia rapidly developing despite labour difficulties. During the last two months the following plants have been planted or sown:- (1) Cotton Plants ( Gossypium spp ) about 1,000 plants (2) Perris elliptica ( Tuba ) about 1,000 cuttings. (3) Oloriosa superba 4 long beds (each long bed 6 m. X 1 . 20 ) (4) Aganosma marginata 8 3hort beds (one short bed contains 1-4 plants. ( 2 ) Indigofera anil seeds sown in 23 long beds (6) Andrographis paniculate 17 small beds (7) Recinus communis 600 small beds (8) Hibiscus radiatus 3 long beds (9) Corel! orus cadsularls 8 7 long beds (10) Cannabis sati va 12 long beds (11) H ib 1 8 cu s s ab da r i f f a var. 41tissimus 6 long beds (12) Cassia leschenaultiana 5 long beds (13) Cassia rni mosoid^s 1 long bed (14) Adathoda vasica 21 small beds (15) H o.l ar-rftsaa. .aftfrjtto.eo tg rise 10 snail beds (16) >lyc I.na -iax - 10 long beds (17) Ofmsif* — fceiri* '••talffr 2 long beds (12) Cassia tora 2 long beds (19) Sesbanea Sesban 2 long beds (20) Arachis hypogaea 3 long beds (21) lithonia diversifolia about 450 plants (22) Orthos i ohon s tami ne us about 800 plants (23) Tinospora cordifolia 72 plant3 There are still a large number of beds re&oy t or receiving plants which are being propagated in the potting yaru or elsewhere* Owing to the shortage of labour the original plan of keeping together plants of the same natural order or haying the same or similar uses has been provisionally abandoned and plantings are done in places where they can be easily tended at present* ( L 8 b our The rapid increase in the planting in the Sultana is creating a serious problem as to its maintenance* necessitating the.».eoy the transference of the permanent labour from the Botanic Gardens to the Economic Gardens* and if facilities are not forthcoming to recruit more coolies under more favourable conditions* the tine will soon come when many cf the areas in the Botanic onsible and senseless talks may have also contributed to bring about this antagonistic attitude among the coolies. If measures were not taken immediately to prevent the extension of this tense state of affairs* we might have had serious difficulties with out* labour force To pacify the eonlies it was also necessary for Mr. Oshima to speak to them and. to explain to them what the Department has been doing in -border to improve their wages and rations* It is also hoped, that the (hardens 1 Department will be empowered to pa/ the permanent male labourers about 35 cents to Si a day according to the skill and ability of ttu-. individual labourer and to give them extra rice rations such as are given to the hard workers in the other Department. Further, it is hoped that the Department will be able to put up some new houses or make habitable the wooden barracks in the Sultana so that the offers of free quarters may prove an inducement for more coolies to come to work for the Hardens. 2 • Mr * Holttum* s B o t an l e al Work Mr* Holttum wrote sections on cultivation of orchids and on orchid seedlings for Ms book on orchids in Malaya# In this he was assisted by Mr* Livingston. He also wrote latin diagnoses of all new species (17) discovered in his work on Malayan Orchids, typed out the card index of species and synonyms with bibliographic references (written 1,000 entries), and made a few new drawings of plants in flower* Having completed, so far as possible, the work on orchids, Mr. Holttum began to study tne Ginger family, an' Important and difficult family of which there is no satisfactory account in Malaya. He studied the living plants of this family in the Hardens as a preliminary to further work on herbarium specimens. 3 - Mr* Co rner* 3 Botanical -York Mr. Corner continued with his workon the list of wild and cultivated plants on Syonan Island. He further continued his researches on Malayan fungi and completed a large number of microscopical drawings. He also assisted Dr. Koriba in his studies of Malayan plants, in the collection of seeds and planting material and in the control of the Forest Reserves under the B n +anical Garden. 4* Gem oral Work in Botanic Gardens Gra s3 -Cutting was continued as last month: some areas (parts of lawns Z,F,K & L) cannot be dealt with owing to shortage of staff and the continued absence of the small motor mower on repair. Weediiig was continued in the neighbourhood of Main Gate Road and Office Ring Road. All Ganna beds and other befc. • f M 1 v. Hibiscus manihot, Rambutan capri, Tobacco, Blumea, Aeschynomene , Brucea sufnatraria. Cuttings were made as follows; - Hibiscus mutabilis, Darris eliptica, Rhododendron, strophanthus dichotomus. Strophantus Petersianus, Embelia ribas, Pisonia alba, Calotropift gigantea. Bougainvillea Mrs, Butt. The following plants were potted: ~ Pittonia, Orthosiphon stamineua, Lettuce, lagerstroemia. Ficus irregularis, idiretia microphylla, Pseuderantheraura (white), Andrographis paniculata, Acalyphs. In addition certain palms and nost of the aroides were cut back, propagated and potted. A few aerial orchids were furnished with new fern roots. 01m S 3 House, A number of 'begonias were propagated and many ferns were potted. Experimental potting of begonias in mixed brick, fern root and burnt earth shows signs of success. Applications of artificial manure to most of the plants in the Yard and certain plants in the Glass House was carried out. Plants taken for planting from the Yard included some 1,000 Orthosiphon staminens , 18 13 Adhstoda, sp, 1 Jackia, 1 Mucuna sp, 1 Oncosperme sp. 4 Holarrhena antidysenterica, 3 Ixoras A 6 Rhapis flabella form is. % The plant of Mueuna Bennettii flowered finely for the third time. No fruits have been produced. It is therefore necessary to try to propa ate this beautiful plant from cuttings; cuttings were taken at the end of the month. 7 * V egetable Garden a: Report by Hr. Lange Many beds were reconditioned for the reception of new crops, as follows; 4 beds each - Brinjal, Bendi, Maize, Long Beans, Bay am. Cucumber. 3 ” ” Chinese Lobak, Chinese Brassica and Maize. In the nursery a few beds were limed for the first time in many years. An experiment on Sweet Potato was concluded and notes compiled. In Lawn R Dr. Watanabe planted some beds with weeds of economic interest. Also all the shapely Casuarina Sumatrana plants were potted for the Japanese Festive Season. In Lawn P, 2 sections were excavated to a depth of 2 feet with the purpose of bringing fresh sub-soil to the top and sour spent soil to the bottom. This was necessary as lime was needed for the nursery where such an operation of excavation would be impossible because of the high water level. Consequently there was a sharp decrease in the harvest from Lawn P. An experiment on the deterioration of local cucumber was continued, and observations recorded. Similarly an experiment of the same nature on the Chinese Brassica (Teow-Chew Choy Sam) was also conducted. It is hoped that some notes will be made after a few more experiments.