LIBRARY

OF T^JE

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA.

TABLES

FOB

u (J

OF THE

PROVIDENCE PATTERN," ETC.

BY

EDMUND B. WESTOX,

M. A.M. SOC. C. E ; M. INST. C. E.; ENGINEER IN CHARGE OF WATER DEPARTMENT, CITY ENGINEERS OFFICE, PROVIDENCE, R. I.

SECOND EDITION.

REHRINTED FROM ENGINEERING NEWS, JUNE 21 AND 28, 1890.

NEW YORK: ENGINEERING NEWS PUBLISHING CO.,

1896.

TABLES

FOR

THE "V

UNIVERSITY

IDENCE PATTERN," ETC.

BY

EDMUND B. WESTON,

M. AM. 80C. C. E.J ASSOC. M. INST. C. E.: ENGINEER IN CHARGE OF WATER DEPARTMENT, CITY ENGINEER'S OFFICE, PROVIDENCE, R. I.

MISCELLANEOUS DATA RELATING TO LAYING WATER PIPE, ETC., NOT IN- CLUDING THE COST OF THE PlPE.

Ordinary labor was considered at $1.50 per day.

Short lengths. — Total cost of laying 6-in. pipe per lin. ft. from 15 to 50 ft., including excavating and back-filling for the same; in easy digging, $0.34; in medium digging, $0.45.

Extra Excavation. — In easy digging, $0.20 percu. yd.

Rock. — Average cost of blasting rock per cu. yd., $2.00 Maximum " •' " " " 3.00

Bridges. — Cost of crossing bridges, laying pipe, boxing, etc., 12 in., $1.50 per. lin. ft.; cost of crossing bridges, laying pipe, boxing, etc. , Sin. $1.32 per lin. ft.

Kail roads. — Cost per lin. ft. of laying 374 ft. of 16-in. pipe that passed under two railroad tracks $0.50.

Work of one man. — The average proportion of work that an ordinary laborer will perform in one day, at excavating, refilling and laying pipe (not including calking, etc.), is as follows:

inch

In easy digging 21 lineal feet of 6
" medium '	17.2	M	* •*
" hard	10.3	««	« ,t
" easy " medium '	19.3 13.4	«	• 8 ' 12
" easy " medium '	9.0 4.4	7,	' 20 ' 24

Average cost of excavation for a 24-io. pipe.— The average cost of excavating and back-filling in medium digging, for a line of 21-in. pipe 19,416 ft. long (the average depth of the trench being 6.60 ft. in depth), with ordinary labor at $1.50 per day, was $0.32 per cu. yd.

TABLE NO. 1.

WEIGHT OF WATER PIPES, OF THE "PROVIDENCE PATTERN.1

Length, 12ft. over all.

Nominal diameter in ins.	Class.	Fhick- ness of shell in ins.	Length that pipe ( will lay.	Depth >f bell in ins.	Weight in pounds .	Standard veight in ' Ibs.	Greatest jro posed head in ft.
ser run-' i ning ft.	>er run- ^ ning ft.
					as laid.	of shell.
/ ti	13-32	11.83	2.00	19.61	18.11 232	60
j	7-i6		•	20.88	19.37 247	100
	b'	7-16	"		20.88	19.37 247	140
4 <		1532	»»	«	22.06	20.61 261	180
1	£	15-32	•<	'	22.06	20.61 281	220
^	D	15-32	"	4	22.06	2061 261	260
	ft	7 16	11.83	2.00	30.25	28.25 i 358	60
f		15-32			32.11	30.12 380	100
i	t		"	• '	33.98	31.99	402	140
b •<	B	17-32	,,	44	33.98 35.75	31.99 33.81	402 423	180 220
I	D	l,-32	'•	44	35.75	33.81	423	2dO
	ft	15-32	11.82	2.15	42.64	39.93	504	60
J					45.09	42.43	533	100
	^	17-32	••	»>	47.63	44.92	563	140
8 -<	TJ	9 18	t.	.«	49.92	47.39	590	180
	^,	19 32	»»	<•	52.53	49.84	621	220
1	£>	1332	"	44	52.53 49.84	621	260
/ ft	y	11.81	2 27	56.13	52.58	663	60
i 5	17-32			59.27	55.70	700	100
1 b	9 16	«.	«»	62.31	58.80	736	140
10 •< «	. W-62	(•	4»	65.37	61.89	» 772	180
i	(/		<>	"	68.50	61.95	809	220
	D	2132	•«	'4	71.54	68.00	845	260
/ ft	17-32	11.83	2.40	71.19	66.81	840	60
(	A	9-16		"	75.00	70.57	885	100
			»<	««	82.37	78.02	972	140
12	12	21-3:'	«*	83.10	81.72	1,016	180
1	c	11-16	it	89 75	85.40	1,059	220
I,	D		"		93.47	89.06	1,103	230
	a	19-32	11.78	2.70	105.31	93.77	1.240	60
	A	21-3^			115.28	108.76	1,358	10)
		11-16	a	'<•	120.34	113.73	1,417 140
16 •<	B	M	• '	«•	130.14	123.61	1,533 180
	C	13 16	0	..	139.96	133.41	1.648 220
!	D	27-3J	44	"	114.88	138.28	1,706 260
'	ft	2132	11.75	2.95	145.14	135. 80	1,706 60
f	A	2332			157.62	148.29	1,852 100
	b	25-32	•	169.98	160.70	1,998 140
20 •<	B	27-32 '4	•	182.38	173.05	2,143 180
I		"	'	194.99	185.30	2,292 220
v	D 31-32	44	4 I 207.24	197.49	2,436 280
	a 2332	11.73	3.20	190.83	177.91	2,239 60
f	A	13.18			213.30	2J0.36	2.502	100
I	b		"	• '	228.16	215.24	2,677	140
24 •<	B	151ri	»'	«»	242.97	230.03	2,850	180
i	C \ 1 1-32	"	"	266.UO	252.09	3,121	220
I	D	1 3-32	44	44	280.66	268.70	3,233	260
	a	13-16	11.70	3.63	269.66	250.33	3,155	60
	A	29-32			297.78	278.38	3,484	100
1		1	«	• <	325.56	306.i'5	3,809	140
30 1	B	1 1-16	ii	"	344.10	324.74	4,026	180
1	C	1 3-16	*»	"	382.56	361.48	4,476	220
v	D	1 9-32	•«	11	409.91	388.83	4,798	260
	ft	y	11.67	4.00	351.41	323.93	4,101	60
1	A	1			396.49	368.98	4,627	100
		1U	»4	«*	441.13	413.7^	5,148	140
36 -(	B	18	*»	"	485.60	458.15	5,687	180
1	C	1 11-32	"	• '	522.07	491.27	6,091	220
I	D	1 15-32	"	14	566.04	535.17	6,604	260
	ft	1 5 32	11.54	5;50	632.06	569.93	7,295	60
i	A	1 5 16			707.09	644.91	8.161	100
	b	1 15-32	»>	«'	781.60	719.42	9,0-21	140
48 •<	B		"	'«	855.68	793.49	9,876	180
	C	1 25-32	• «	"	939.20	867.00	10,840	220
	D	1 15-16	"	1.012.33	940.10	11,684 260

The thickness of the cast-iron pipes given in this table were calculated by the following formulas:

For diameters greater than 36 ins., t = .00003 II D + .0125 D + .33; for di- ameters of 36 ins. and less, t =.03003 H D + .01 D + .30; t = thickness in decimals of an inch; D = diameter in inches; H = head in feet.

TABLE No. 2.

ESTIMATED AVERAGE CO IT PER LINEAL FOOT OF LAYING CLASSES A AND B, OF CAST-IRON WATER PIPE OF THE "PROVIDENCE PATTERN," AND EXCAVATING AND BACK-FILLING FOR THE SAME, IN MEDIUM DIGGING, WHEN THE MARKET VALUE OF THE PIPE, IS AT DIFFERENT RATE3 PER TON. GATES AND " SPECIALS " ARE INCLUDED, BUT NOT HYDRANTS.

Cost per Ton, and.		DIAMETER	OF PIPE IN INCHES.		Cost per Ton, and
Class.	4	6	8	10 12	18	20	24	30	36	48	Class.
	A. ..	0.425	0.610	0.783 1.008 1.245	1.8)9	2.604	3.502	4.919	6.360' 11.0071 ..A.	_
$2d^	B. .	0.410	0.635	0.848 1.079 1.377	2.076 2.902 3.855	5.500	7.396 12.735, . B.	$Jo
of / A. . .	0.437 0 627	0.812 1.038 1.283	1.957	2.684 3 608	5.096	6.547	11.341 ..A.
26 \	B. ..	0.452 0.653	0.873 1.112 .420	2.142	2.993	3.975	5.670	7.625	13.138	..B.	'•O
	'A.	0 448 0.614	0.835 1.068 .320	2.015	2.763	3.714	5.243	6.734	11.675	..A.
01 27 IB:::	0.163 0.671	0.898 1.145 .463	2.207	3.085	4.095| 5.839	7.854	13.541	. B.	27
	'A.	0 459 0.631	0.853 1.098 .353	2.074	2.843	3.819 5.391	6.921	12.009	..A.	OP
28 j	B*	0.475 0.689	0.923, 1.178 .506	2.272	3.176	4.245 6.009	8.082 13.944	..B.	to
	A.	0.470i 0.673	0.88) 1.128 .396	2.132	2.923	3.925J 5.538	7.HJ9 12.343	..A.	.1(1
29-	j}'	0.436 0.707	0.918	1.211 .550	2.338	3.268	4.334 6.178	8.311	14.347	..B.	JQf
	A. ::	0 481	0.535	0.905	1.153 .434	2.190	3.002	4.030	5.686	7 296	12.677	. A.
Oft 30	B.	0.493	0.725-	0 973	1.214 -593	2.403	3 359	4.454	6.348	8.540	14.750	. B.	30
	A. ..	0.492	0.742	0.926	1.188 .472	2.248	3.082	4.136	5.833	7 483	13.011	..A.
31	B. ..	0.513 0.743	0.938	1.276 .653	2.468	3.451	4.574	6.517	8.768	15.154	..B.	31
	A...	0.5331 0.729	0.943	1.213 .510	2.307	3.162	4 241	5.980	7.671 13.345	..A.	oo
32	B. ..	0.521 0.761	1.023	1.309 .679	2.534	3.542	4.693	6.686	8.997 15.557	..B.	61
	A...	0.514	0.748	0.971	1.243 .548	2.365	3 2tl	4.347	6.128	7 858 13.679	.A.	oo
33	B. ..	0.535	0.779	4.043	1.1342' .722	2.599	3.634	4.813	6.856	9.226 15.S60	. B.	66
	A. ..	0.525	0.762	0.934	1.273 .536	2.423	3.321	4 453 6.275	8.045 14.013	.A.	'.» i
31^		0.544	0.797	1 073	1.375 765	2 664	3 726	4.933 7.025	9.454 I«.c63	..B.	o4
	A. : .	0.553	0.77)	1.017	1.308 .621	2.481	3 400	4.558	6 423	8 232! 14.347		O"
35	B. ..	0.538	0 815	1.093	1.408 .809	2.730	3.817	5.052	7.1 5	9.683 16 766	'.'.B!	OJ
op	A.	0.547	0.793	1.039 1.338! .662	2.540	3.480	4 664	6.570	8.4*0 14.681	. A.	Of!
36	B. ..	0.5)3	0 835	1.124; 1.440 .852	2.795	3.909	5.172	7 364	9.9,-2 17.169	..B.	BO
OT	A. ..	0.553	0.813	1.032	1.383 .699	2 598	3.560	4.769	6 717	8.607	15 015	.A.	O>7
37	B. .	0.579	0.851	1.14.)	1.473 895	2.860	4.000	5.292	7.534	10.141	17.572	B.	61
	A. ..	0.570 0.83)	1.085	1.3)81 .737 2.653	3.639	4.875	6-865	8 794	15.349	..A.	no
o3	B. ..	0.591	0 8ii)	1.1711 1.503	.933	2.926	4.092	5 412	7.703	10.369	17.S75 ..B.	OO
	A...	0.581	0.847	1 133 1.427	.775	2 714	3.719	4.981	7.012	8.981 15.083	A.	on
o3	B. ..	0.602	0.857	1.199	1.533	1.931	2.991	4.183	5.53L	7.873	10.5981 18.o79	..B.	3v
	A...	1.582	0.861	1.13)	1.457	1.813J 2.773	3.798	5.086	7 160	9.169 16.017	..A.	40
4J	B. ..	0.644	0.935	1.224	1.572	2.025	3.056	4.275	5.651	8.042	10.8271 18.782	..B.	4U
11	A...	0.605	0.831	1.155	1.487	1.851	2.831	3.878	5.192	7.307	9.3561 16.351	..A.	41
41	1 B.	0.625	0.923	1.249	1.605	2.068	3.122	4.366	5 771	8.211	11.055 19.185	..B.	4 L
19 J	fA...	0.614	0 893	4.173	1.547	1.839	2.839	3.958	5.297	7.454	9.543 16 685	..A.	19
42	B. ..	0.657	0.941	1.271	1.637	2.111	3.187	.458	5.890 8.1:81	11.284	19 588	..B.	4-
10 ( A. . .	0.62.	0.915! 1.193	1.547	1.927	2.947	.037	5403 7. '02	9.731	17 (19	..A.	._
43	L B. . .	0.649	0 959	1.293	1.670	2.14	3.252	.549	6.010 8.550	11 513	19.S91	..B.	4o
, t	A. .	0.636	0.932			1.965	3.003	.117	5.503J 7.749	9.918	17.353	. A.	11
44	B,	0.630! 0.977	024	l'.7d3	2.197	3.318	.641	6.130 8.72011.741	20.S94	..B.	44
		0.647	0.949	1.244	1.637	2.003	3.064	.137	5.614 7.896	10.105	17.687	..A.	A £
45	B*	0.872	0.995	1.349	1.733	2.241	3.383	.732	6 249	8.88911-870	20 797	. B.	40
j/»	f A'. ' :	0.658	0.933	1 237	1.657	2.010	3 122	4.276	5 720	8 044	10 292	18 021	..A.
46	IB.	0 684| 1.013	1.374	1.769	2.234	3 448	4.824	6 369 9 059	12 199	'/1. 2(10	..B.	46
	A.	0.639 0.983		1.637	2.078	3 180	4.356	5 82* 8 191	10 480	18 355	..A	Art
47	IB. ..	0.695	1.031	1 393	1.8)2	2.327	3 514	4.915	6 489 9.228 12 428	21 604	..B.	4/
gm	A. ..	0.63) 1.0 0	1.312	1.697	2 116	3. 39	4 435	5 931 8 339	10 667	I860, A.	48
48	B.	0.707	1 0'<9	1.424	1.834	2.370	3.579	5 007	(> 609 9.398	12 656	22 007	..B.	4o
	A...	0 691 1.017	1 1.335	1.727	2.154	3.297	4.515	6 036 i 8 486	10 854	19 024		4Q
49	B. .	0 718! 1 057	1.449	1.867	2.413	3.644	5 0)8	6 7281 9 567	12.885	22 410 ..B.	±v
dri	A...	0 702 1.034	1 358 1.757	2.192	3.355	4 595	6 142! 8 65311 041	19 358 . A.	CA
OU	B. ..	0.730	1.085	1.475 1.90J	2 456	3 710	5 DC	G 843 9 737	13 114	22 813	. B.	on

The thickness of the Class A pipe was based upon a static pressure of 10(> ft., and the Class B pipe upon a static pressure of 180 ft.

The figures include the cost of pipe, gates an I " specials," the cost of cart- ing, laying and setting, and excavating and back-filling for the same, and all other expenses generally incurred in ordinary water pipe laying, with the exception of the cost of hydrants.

The cost of "specials" was based upon $0.025 per pound, with pipe at $30 per ton, the cost of air-cocks (used only with pipes having a diameter larger than 20 in.), at $10 each, and the cost of the gates the same as given in Table No. 3.

Ordinary labor was considered at $1.50 per day.

Depth of Pipe.— The depth of the axis of the pipe below the surf ace of the ground has been considered in all cases as 4.67 ft.

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TABLE NO. 4.

WEIGHT AND COST OF SPECIAL CASTINGS, ETC.

To be used in connection with Table No 3 when greater accuracy with regard to •" specials " is required.

Nature of " special" Xin inches).	Length that " special" will lay.	Weight in pounds.	Cost at $ .03 per pound.	Nature of "special" ;(in inches).	Length that "special" will lay.	Weight in pounds.	Cost at $.03 per pound.
Branches.	Feet.		$	Reducers.	Feet.		$
6X 4 6X6 6 X 6 X 6 6X8 6 X 6 X 8 8 X 4 8X6 3 x e 8X8X8 8X8X6 8X6X6 10 X 6 10 X 6 X 6 10 X 8 X 6 10 X 8 10 X 8 X 8 12 X 6 12 X 6 X 6 12 X 8 X 6 12 X 8 12 X 8 X 8 12 X 10 12 X 12 16 X 6 16 X 6 X G 16 X 8 X 6 16 X 8 16 X 8 X 8 16 X 10 16 X 12 16 X 12 X 12 16 X 16 20 X 6 20 X 6 X 6 20 X 8 20 X 8 X 6 20 y 10 .20 X 10 X 8 20 X 12 20 X 16 24 X 6 24 X 6 X 6 24 X 8 24 X 8 X 8 24 X 10 24 X 12 24 X 16 24 X24 30 X 6 SOX 8 30X 8 X 6 -30 X 8 X 8 30 x 10 30 X 12 30 X 12 X 8 30 X 16 30 X 20 30X24 30 X 24 X 12 30X30 Blow offs..	3.22 3.22 3 22 3.22 3 22 3.20 3.20 3.o6 3 20 3.20 3.20 3 36 3.36 3.36 3.36 3.36 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.^2 3.22 3.39 3.22 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 '. .84 .84 .84 .84 .84 .84 .84 .84 .53 .53 .53 .53 .53 ' .53 .53 .53 5.04 5.04 5.04 5.04 5.04 5.04 5.04 5.04 5.04 5.04 5.04 5.04	190 190 235 218 265 239 243 287 362 315 234 353 360 426 356 446 394 469 581 428 481 535 453 5»8 660 661 641 733 638 627 800 84o 1123 1202 1183 • 1190 1112 1250 1233 1383 1082 1453 1345 1540 1463 1408 1537 1656 1955 1980 2150 2145 2078 2048 2210 2290 2288 2560 2695 2478	5.70 5.70 7.05 6.54 7.95 7 17 7.29 8.61 10.86 9.45 8.52 10.59 10.80 12.78 10.68 13.38 11.82 14.07 17.43 12.84 14.43 16.05 13.59 17.64 19.80 19.83 19.23 21.99 19 14 18.31 24.00 23.35 33.69 36.06 35.49 35.70 33.36 37.50 36.99 41.49 32.46 43.59 40.35 46.20 43.89 42.24 46.11 49.68 53.65 59.40 64.50 64.35 62.34 61.44 66 30 68.70 68.64 71.80 80 85 74.34	6 to 4 8 to 6 10 to 8 12 to 8 16 to 12 20 to 16 24 to 12 30 to 24 Turns. 4—1-16 4-*6 Sie 6— y* 8-1-16 8-K 8-V4 10-1-16 io-4$ 12- K Bevel hubs 6 8 10 12 Spig't caps 6 8 10 12 16 Bell caps. 6 8 10 12 16 20 24 30 Plugs. 6 8 12 Sleeves. 4 6 8 10 12 16 20 24 30 36 Gate boxes Large ' " rings. ' cov'rs Small box (6") ' cover (6 ') " box (8") 1 cover (8")	1 63 1.95 1.65 2.61 2.70 4.17 4.59 3.04 1.55 1.33 1.89 1.58 1.42 1.38 3.57 3 32 2.25 3.48 3.23 3.22 1 75 1.74 3.94 1.72	65 105 148 205 338 863 923 1158 48 47 61 90 92 109 233 239 136 291 296 443 90 130 316 219 39 57 78 110 155 41 63 78 118 160 220 342 548 10 15 27 67 38 56 80 107 131 207 319 457 637 907 689 142 83 137 19 160 38	1 95 3.15 4 44 6.15 10.14 25.89 27.69 34.74 1.44 1.41 1.83 2.70 2.76 3.27 6.99 7.17 4.08 8.73 8.88 13.28 2.78 3.90 9.48 6.57 1.17 1.71 2.34 3.36 4.65 1.23 1.89 2.34 3.54 4.b0 6.60 10.26 16.44 .30 .45 .81 2.01 1.14 1.68 2.40 3.21 3.93 6.21 9.57 13. 7 J 19.11 27.21 20.67 4.26 2 49 4.11 .57 4.80 1.14
24 X 6 30 X 8 Manholes.. . .
4.53 5.04	1377 2055	41.31 61.65
21 30 36 Hydrant	4.53 5.04 4.00	1625 2020 2015 1010 491 102	48.75 60.60 60.45
Hydrant box Frame and cover		14.73 3.06

TABLE NO. 5.

COST IN DETAIL OF LAYING WATER PIPE OF THE "PROVIDENCE PATTERN/' INCLUDING EXCAVATING AND BACK-FILLING FOR THE SAME.

Excavation (Easy Digging).

Items.	Diameter in inches.	Average prices of labor, etc.
4	G	8	10 .0707 .0219 .0216 .0 69 .0111 .0553 .0136 .0275	12	13	20	24
1 Trenching 2 Laying 3 Foreman 4 Tools, etc., etc 5 Calking 6 Lead 7 Teams . . ...	.0422 .0129 .0130 .0041 .0106 .0224 .0070 .0078	.0518 .0162 .0158 .0050 .0107 .0320 .0090 .0149	.0611 .0191 .0188 .0059 .0108 .0431 .0115 .0208	.0798 .0249 .0244 .0078 .0118 .0683 .0160 .0346 .2676	.1445 .0370 .0303 .0134 .0159 .0950 .0203 .0518 .4082	.2088 .0497 .0360 .0191 .0301 .1203 .0216 .0746		$1.50 1.50 3.00 1.1% of 1 » nd 2. $2.25 5c. per pound. $2.25 $1 per ton.
8 Carting
Total .
.1200	.1554	.1911	.2286	.5602

Cost of Easy Digging reduced to $1 and Ic.

Trenching	0281	.0345	.0407	.047l!	.0532!	.09631	.1392 ...	$1.00
Laying	.0086	.0108	.0127	.01461	.0166	.0^47 !	.0331	1.00
Foreman	.0043	.0053	.0063	.00721	.0081	.0101	.0120	1.00
Tools, etc., etc	.0006	0007	.0008	.OOU9	.0011	.0018	.0026J	w
Calking .	.0047	0047	.0048	0049	.0052	.0071	01341	$1.00
Lead	0045	0064	0086	0111	0137	0190	0241	.01
Teams . .,	.0031	.0040	.(051	.0060	.0071	.0090,	.0096	1.00
Cartina:	.0078	.0149	.0208	.0275|	.0346|	.0518,	.0746i	1.00

Excavation (Medium Digging}

1 Trenching	0597	0697	0790	0883	0974	1700	2403	3091 ' $1 50
2 Laying	.0189	.0220	0249		0307	.0440	.0577	.06391 1.50
3 Foreman 4 Tools, etc., etc 5 Calking 6 Lead . . .	.0180 .0056 .0106 0224	.0206 .0065 .0107 .0320	.0234 .0075 .0108 0431	.0265 .0084 .0111 0553	.0294 .0093 .0118 0683	.0350 0154 .0159 .0950	.0373 .0214 .0301 .1203	039 jj 3.00 .0602 7.2^ of land 2* .0757 $2.25 .1600 5c. per pound.
7 Teams 8 Carting ... ...	.0070 0078	.0090 0149	.0115 0208	.0136 0275	.0160 .0346	.0203 0518	.0216 .0746	0228J $2.25 .1317' $1 per ton.
Total	1500	1854	2210	.2586	2975	4474	6030	.sero
								1

Cost of Medium Digging reduced to $1 and Ic,

Trenching . .	.0331	.0465	0527	.0589	.06941 .1133	.1600' .2061	$1.00
Lay-in01	0126	0147	0166	0186	0205' 0293	0385 0426	1.00
foreman Tools, etc., etc Calking .,	.0060 .0008 0047	.0069 .0009 .0047	.0078 .0010 0048	.0088 .0012 .0:49	.0098 .0117 .00131 .0021 .00521 .0071	.01241 .0132 .0030' .0037 .0134J .0336	1.00 w* $1.00
Lead . .	0045	0064	0086	0111	0137 0190	0241 0320	.01
Teams	0031	.0040	0051	.0060	.007H .0090	.0096 .0101	100
Carting	0078	0149	0208	0275	0346 0518	0746 .1317	l.CO
						i

Excavation (Hard Digging).

1 Trenching	0860	0959	1053	1147	1300	2261	3264		$1 50
2 Laying ,	0271	0303	C333	0362	0411	05'-50	0669		1 50
3 Foreman 4 Tools etc., etc	.0260 0081	.0286 0093	.0314 0099	.0343 0109	.0372 0118	.0428 0201	.0452 0283		B.OO 7 2% of 1 and 2
5 Calking 6 Lead	.0106 0224	.0107 0320	.0108 0431	.0111 0553	.0118 0683	.0159 0950	.0301 1203		$2.25
7 Teams	0070	0090	0115	0136	0160	0203	i 216		' $2 25
8 Carting	.0078	.0149	.0208	.0275	.0346	.0513	.0746		$1 per ton.
Total	.1950	.2304	.2661	.3036	.3508	.5250	.7134

Cost of Hard Digging reduced to $1 and Ic.

Trenching	.0573
Laying	0181
Foreman	.0087
Tools, etc., etc	.0011
Calking . . .	0047
Lead ... Teams . . .	.0045 0031
Carting	.0078

0202 .0095 .0013

0047 .0.064 .0040 .0149

.0702 .0222 0105 .0014

.0048 .0086 .0051 0208

.0765 .0241 0114 .0015

.0867 .0274 .0124 .0016

.0049! .0052

.01111 .0137

.0060, .0071

.0275 .0346

.21761..

.1507

.0353 0446J.

.0143 .0151'

.(039

.00711 .0134 ..

.0518 .0746!..

$100 1.00 1.00

w

$1.00

.01

1.00

1.00

The percentage for 24 inch includes blocks and wedges, and is 16-

9

This table, No. 5, contains the items in detail from which the cost of the labor of laying water pipe, from 4 to 24 in. in diameter, given in Table No. 3, were obtained.

The word "Trenching" is used for excavating and back-filling.

Throughout these tables Easy Digging is intended to correspond to exca- vation in sand, etc.; Medium Digging to excavation in sand and gravel, etc.; and Hard Digging to excavation in hard or moist clay, etc. The figures relat ing to medium excavation are probably the most reliable for pipes that have a diameter greater than 8 ins.

The prices given in any of the tables do not include the cost of engineering and inspection.

SUPPLEMENT TO TABLES NOS. 2, 3, AND 5.

The following table gives the items of the actual cost of the labor of laying water pipe ana excavating and back-filling for ihe same, upon which Tables Nos. 2, 3 and 5 were based, with, the exception of the cost of carting pipe, which was considered at $1.00 per ton. The table also shows a comparison of the items of actual cost with the amountx that correspond to them in Tables Nos. 2, 3 and 5. The tabl" was computed from rec- ords kept in Providence, with the exception of the data that refers to the 48-twc/i pipe, which was obtained elsewhere.

Length of pipe used in feet.	Excavating, back-filling and laying.	3. Calking.	4. Teaming	Total of 1, *,3 and 4.	Total corre- sponding to 1, L>, 3 and 4, from Table No, 5, etc.
Exca- vating, etc.	Laying, etc.	Total of i and 2.	Total corre- sponding to 1 and 2 from Table No. 5, etc.
4 inch. Medium Digging.
1,214 Ave., etc..			$.09460	$.09660	$.01300	$.00650
		$.09460	$.09660	$.01300	$.00650	$.11410	$.11420
ti-inch, Easy Digging.
480 422 38U 533 201 378 401 416 364 181 320 711 545 1,501 228 265 485 266 442 Ave., etc..	$.06781 .10147 .06374 .07576 ' .09127 .06874 06039 .07416 .05818 .08057 .05778 .05108 .05771 .07488 .07017 ,06566 ,05567 .05677 .06493	$.00959 .02177 .02253 .01444 .01975 .02063 01376 ,01696 .01922 .1.1362 .01906 .01293 .01686 .02037 .01211 .01389 .01136 .01038 .01040			$.00338 .01173 .0,067 .01098 .00564 .01518 .00899 .01083 .OOJ25 .01373 .01053 .(,0854 .00950 .00480 .0(294 .00426 .00324 .00338 .00355	$.01171 .01173 .01067 .01098 .01237 .01518 .01011 .01083 .00928 .01373 .O10.i6 .00886 .00872 .00524 .00496 .00423 .00326 .00338 .00358
		I
		1
$.06825	$.01577	$.08402	$.08380	$.00827	$.00891	$.10120 | $.10350
6-inch, Medium, Digging.
526 666 242 7^2 727 144 318 164 428 1,039 138 597 129 131 311 273 406 Ave., etc..	$.09366 .(18989 .114996 .07204 .10241 .12185 .14775 .06288 .06301 .09476 .06594 .05717 .1031i> .08992 .07180 .143nO .087ul	$.02319 .01477 .01901 .01883 .01264 .04756 .01448 .01413 .01998 .01625 .02(538 .01540 .02155 .01637 .01479 .02817 .02227		$.01198 .01117 .00930 .00922 .01362 .02027 .01416 .00060 ,01157 .01474 .01138 .01131 .01566 .01055 .00868 .015(51 .00999	$.01198 .01)981 .01115 .01014 .01208 .02034 ,0(1919 .009(56 .01157 .01278 .01145 .01040 .01217 .01056 .00868 .01399 .00777 $.01140
$.08918	$.02034	$.10952	$.11230	$.01333	$.13425	$.13200

10

Supplement to Tables Nos. 2, 3, and 5. (Continued.)

	Excavating, back-filling and laying.
					Total
								corre-
Length of				Total corre-				sponding to 1, 2, 3
pipe used in feet.	14 Exca- vating,	2.1 Laying, etc	Total of 1 and 2.	sponding to 1 and 2 from	8 Calking.	4. Teaming	Total of 1, 2,3 and 4.	and 4, from Table
	etc.			Table				No. 5,
				Is o.5,				etc.
				etc.

6-inch, Hard Digging.

265	$.08276	$.02301			$.01275	$.01698
307	.14378	.01645			01098	01101
Ave., etc..	$.11327	$.01973	$.13300	$.15480	$.01186	$.01399	$.15885	$.17450

8-inch, Medium Digging.

496	$.08794	$.02458			$.00907	$.00544
3,743	.06898	.01654			.00541	.00421
5*9	.07656	.01272			.00425
82	.OJ756	.01122			.01098
Ave., etc..	$.08276	$.01626	$.09902	$.12730	$.00743	$.00483	$.11130	$.14960

S-inch, Hard Digging.

157	$.12540	$.02924			$.02147	$.01433
Ave., etc	$.12540	$.02924	$.15464	$.17000	$.02147	$.01433	$.19044	$.19230

1'2-inch, Easy Digging.

1,255	$.09207	$.02388			$.01147	$.00609
Ave., etc	$.09207	$.02388	$.11595	$.12910	$.01147	$.00609	$.13351	$.15690

12-inch, Medium Digging.

1,132	$.09627	$.04595	$.11220		$.01193	$.00569
2 161			.12400			.01030
4283			.10070			01650
1 785			.13350
589			.16930			0°10)
Ave etc			$.13394	$.15750	$.01193	$.01337	$ 15920	$ 18530

16-inch, Medium Digging.

374	$ 22818	$.04904	$.27720		$.02107	$.02045
2,839			.25830			.01820
Ave., etc..			$.-6780	$.24900	$.02107	$.01933	$.30820	$.28520

20-inch, Easy Digging.

242	$.15876	$.04417			$.02508	$.02513
1 450	.15820	.08383			.03010	.04310
Ave., etc..	$.15848	$.05400	$.21250	$.29450	$.02759	$.03411	$.27420	$.34620

24-mc/i, Medium Digging. *(

19 416	$ 32820	$.07310			$.07570	$.02280
Ave, etc..	$.32820	$.07310	$.40130	$.41260	$.07570	$ 02280	$.49980	$.51110

11

Supplement to Tables Nos. 2, 3, and 5. (Continued.)

	Excavating, back-filling and laying	1
					Total
								corre-
				Total				sponding
Length of pipe used in feer,	Exca- vating, etc.	r 24 Laying, etc.	Total of 1 and 2.	corre- sponding to 1 and 2 from Table	3. Calking.	4. Teaming	Total of 1, 2,3 and!.	tol. 2, 3 and 4, from Table No. 5,
				No. 5,				etc.
				etc.

21-inch, Medium Digg'fig (2.)
19,416 Ave., etc..	$.38940	$.08180			$.07570 $.07570	$.02230	i
^.36940	$.08180	$.45120		$.02280	$.54970 j

30-inch, Easy Digging.
561 Ave etc			$.37000		$.08420 $.08420
		$.37000

48-inch, Medium Digging.

$1.950t $1.650t

t Including foreman.

* (1) Reduced by proportion to correspond to a depth of 4.67, from (2) 5.43 feet the ac- tual depth.

t These figures include calking. The $1.95 is based upon ordinary labor at $1.75 per day, and $2. 00 per day for laying. The $1.65 is based upon labor at $1.50 per day, and was reduced by proportion from $1.95, assuming that the number of layers \, as 1-10 the number of other laborers.

TABLE NO. 6.

COMPARISON BETWEEN THE TOTAL COST PER LINEAL FOOT OF THE LABOR OF LAYING WATER PIPE AND EXCAVATING AND BACK-FILLING FOR THE SAME, ETC., GIVEN IN THE PRECEDING TABLES, FOR MEDIUM DIGGING, AND WHAT THE TOTAL COST WOULD BE IF THE TRENCHING, ETC., HAD BEEN BASED UPON $0.30 PER CUBIC YARD INSTEAD OF THE AMOUNTS CHARGED TO TRENCHING, ETC., IN TABLE NO. 5. THE COST OF LAYING, ETC., HAS BEEN CONSIDERED THE SAME IN BCTH CASES.

SI-

~~ ~ -~

At $0.30 per cubic yard.	From Table No. 5.	8J5.5 fail* SlfeS Q
Laying, etc.	Trenching, etc.	Total.	Laying, etc.	Trenching, etc.	Total.
$.0676 .0886 .1099 .1334 .1583 .2235 .3)35 .4876	$.1382 .1506 ,16o2 1758 .1890 .2160 .2447 .2742	$.2058 .2392 .2731 .3092 .3474 .4395 .5482 .7618	$ 0676 .0886 .1099 .1334 .1583 .2235 .3035 »4876	$.0833 .0968 .1111 .1252 .1392 .2239 3154 .3754	$.1509 .18£4 .2210 .2586 .2975 .4474 .6189 8630	+$.0549 + .0538 4- .0521 •f .0506 4- .0498 — .0079 - .0707 - .1012

In this table, under the division headed "At $0.30 per Cubic Yard," the cost per lineal foot of Trenching, etc., is based upon the excavation at $0.30 per cubic yard, measured in the trench, instead of the actual cost, and takes the place of the amounts charged in Table No. 5, for medium digging, to trench- ing, teaming, and % the amount charged to foreman and tools, etc. (ex- clusive of the cost of blocks and wedges, which are included in the cost of Tools, etc., for 24-inch pipe, in Table No. 5). The figures relating to laying, etc., are the same as those charged in Table No. 5 for medium digging, to laying, calking, lead, carting, and % the amount charged to foreman and tools, etc. (exclusive of the cost of blocks and wedges, which are included in the cost of tools, etc., for 24-inch pipe, in Table No. 5). In each instance, in calculating the cubic contents of the trench, the width was considered as 2 feet more than the diameter of the pipe and % of a foot deeper than the water line of the same.

12 TABLE NO. 7.

AMOUNT PER LINEAL FOOT TO BE ADDED TO THE FIGURES GIVEN IN THE PRECEDING TABLES FOR RELAYING PAVING, ETC., IN CASES WHEN THE STREETS ARE PAVED BE- FORE THE WATER PIPE IS LAID.

Diameter of pipe in
inches	4	6	8	10	12	16	20	24	30	36	48
Cobble stones Granite blocks laid	$0.12	$0.12	$0.12	$0.13	$0.13	$0.14	$0.16	$0.17	$0.18	$0.20	$0.23
upon a sand founda-
tion	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.19	0.20	0.22	0.24	0.25	0.27	0.30	0.35
Granite blocks, con-
crete foundation,											•
joints filled with pea gravel and asphal-											,
tum	0.93	0.96	1.C1	1.05	1.09	1.18	1.32	.1.37	1 50	1.64	;1-M

The cost of a square yard of broken stone £ ins. thicfc, put properly in place in a street, would be about $0.40.

The figures in this table were based upon a trench 3 ft. wider at the surface of the ground than the diameter of the pipe, in order to allow for caving, etc.

The cobble stone paving was considered at $ 0.30 per square yard, the granite blocks laid upon sand foundation at $0.45 per square yard, and the granite blocks laid upon a concrete foundation, etc., at $3.46 per square yard. The granite blocks were estimated to lay from 24 to 27 per square yard.

TABLE NO. 8.

AVERAGE COST OF LAYING LEAD SERVICE PIPE, INCLUDING EXCAVATING AND BACK- FILLING FOR THE SAME.

Tap and stop.

Pipe per lineal foot.

	Tap, stop,		"Wpicrht	Laying, etc., pil	3tc., including )e.
	tapping.			Lead pipe.	Tin-lined lead pipe.
%inch. V-2 "t I4 "	$6.00 6.23 6.81 8.67 10.71	}£ inch. 1 4 ' \y\ • ite •	3.00 pounds. 4.00 4.75 6.00 9.00 10.00	$0.34 0.40 0.45 0.52 0.70 0.76	$0.52 0.64 0.73 r.88 1.24 1.36

The labor of excavating, back-filling and laying, etc., was considered in all cases for lead pipe at $0.16 per foot. The price used for lead pipe was $0.06 per pound, and the price for tin-lined lead pipe $0.12 per pound.

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