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.__IXO

HunL

SCENE IN A STREET IN SEPTEMBER, 1915 Automobiles waiting for bankers of tlie National Association

TACOMA

Its History and Its Builders

A Half Ceiitiwy of Activity

»

By HERBERT HUNT

ILLUSTRATED

VOLUME II

CniCAGO, IlJ.IN'OIS

THE S. J. CLARKE PUBLISHING COMPAl^' 1916

THE raw TR'f

PUBLIC iiBr:: 99281H

■ABTOK. IE;;.':- TU,i(EN KcI-mIv.V * 1911

CONTENTS

CllArXER XLVlil

1890 — BASKBALI. 1J:aGUE 1-OUMED — LAAVN TENNIS CLUB lORMEl) — CJUOSS BUGS.' OPENING — IMPORTANT BUII.DING OPEKATIONS — N. P. EUEt'TlNG SHOPS IN EDISON — MCGOVEKNS STOKY OI" SOUTH TACOMA 5

CHAPTER XLIX

1890 UNITEIJ STATES DISTKKT COURT ORGANIZED — RICE AND

ALLEN NOMINATED FOR MAYOR — FIFE AND OTHERS HASTEN

lU Il.liING OF CABLE LINE FIRST CAH KINS ON I'OINT DEFIANCE

LINE — CARMAN ENTERS MANUFACTURING FIELD — SMELTER IN OPERATION — rust's DEAL WITH GUGGENHEIIVIS SMELTER OUT- PUT BUILDING or RUST MANSION CHUIUII DKVELOP:MENT..10

CHAPTER E

1890 — RICE ELECTED MAYOR — CHARTER COMMISSION — FIRST PARK BOARD APPOINTED — SCHWAGEKL AND ROBERTS BUILD WRIGHT

PARK GEORGE BUOWNE's VALUABLE LABORS — SAVING POINT DE-

FLVXCK I'AHK — FERRY GIVES STAIUAKV I'.OW I'.s' Sl'llINXES. .IS

CHAPTER El

1890 — A DRASTIC PLATFORJI — CHARTER COMMISSION ORGANIZED

A $14,000 ORDEH I l{OM I'.I.AINE — GARRETSON, AVOODRUFF, PHAl'l'

& COMPANY SIIII' TWO 1 I! AINI.O ADS Ol' GOODS ELKS' LODGE

ORGANIZED NEW FACT(JRH;s- (JOLD .MINING ON SCHOOL SEC- TION— ATTACK ON TIDELAXD 'I'lTLES — FUfF DANGERS AND A\ATER PROBLEJLS 2.'J

iii

iv CONTENTS

CHAPTER LII

1890 FIRST LABOR DAY CELEBRATION FORMATION OF TACOMA

TRADES COUNCIL BEGINS "tR.VDE-AT-HOME" CAMPAIGN

OPPOSITION TO NEW FIRE STATION — FOSTOFFICE ENTERS FIRST

CLASS WHEELER-OSGOOD PLANT ESTABLISHED RIPLEY's AVORK

IN THE EAST BANKS ACTIVE — GROCERS ORGANIZE MISS

FULLER CLIMBS MOUNT TACOMA — CHURCH CORNERSTONE LAID — YACHT CLUBHOUSE OPENED 30

CHAPTER LIII

1890 FIGHT BETWEEN CAR COMPANIES OVER STREET CABLE LINE

CONTRACT LET — BILL NYE ORDERED INTO COURT — GRANDILO- QUENT NISQUALLY CITY LARGE REAL ESTATE DEALS DAUNT- LESS LODGE, K. OF P., ORGANIZED NEW CHARTER OPPOSED BY

LABOR KANDLE DEFEATS RICE FOR MAYOR KANDLE's AP- POINTMENTS HAYDEN RESIGNS FROM COUNCIL FORBES RE- FUSES TO SURRENDER OFFICE 36

CHAPTER LIV

1890 — FORMATION OF LADIEs' MUSICAL CLUB — UNIVERSITY GLEE CLUB — ORPHEUS CLUB — ST. CECILIA CLUB ESTABLISHED —

FRANKLIN K. LANE BECOMES EDITOR OF DAILY NEWS WINS

BRIDE HERE — JOHN CONNA AND TPIE HAM — ACTIVITY OF THE

WALLACES ALLEN & LAMBORN's BEGINNINGS ATTEMPT TO

CLIMB WEST SIDE OF MOUNTAIN — YOUNG MEn's CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION RAISES $100,000 — STARTING OF MASON METHODIST

EPISCOPAL CHURCH MASON's MUMMY PRESIDENT HARRISON

VISITS TACOMA CLERKS FIGHT FOR EARLY CLOSING AND FAIL

CARR LOSES LAND SUIT TRAGEDY OF CASPER WITT's LEG LARRY

KELLY, NOTORIOUS SMUGGLER CAPTURED 44

CHAPTER LV

1890 IMPORTANT PERIOD IN SCHOOL DEVELOPMENT SUPERIN- TENDENT GAULT TAKES CHARGE HE STARTS HIGH SCHOOL

/

CONTEXTS V

HINUKUING TEKUITUKIAI. LA US JUllN 15. i'LETx's COMING — HE DISCOVKUS NEW FLORA — DOCTOK VINCENT's DEATH — COMMER- CIAL CLUB ORGANIZED — ATHLETIC CLUB A'lTRACTS LARGE MEM- BERSHIP— A HALL GAME — LUTHERAN UNIVERSITY FOUNDED

HISTORICAL SOCIETY FORMED GILSTRAP's A'ALUABLE AVORK —

THE society's CAREER 54

CHAPTER LVI

1891 — MILLMEN IN CONTROVERSY WITH HENRY VILLARD OVER LUMBER RATES — GREAT NORTHERN RAILROAD FORCES FREIGHT REDUCTIONS — LUMBERMEN ORGANIZE — EX-UNION SOLDIERS SUPPORT CONFEDERATE CANDIDATE FLOOD DOES JIUCH DAM- AGE— REAL ESTATE FRAUDS — NEWSPAPER MEN IN TROUBLE —

FANCY PRICES F"OR CITY ADVERTISING BUSINESS REVIEW OF

YE^VR SNOWDKX BECOMES EDITOR (53

CHA1»TER EVIl

1892 — A MURDEB, AM) 7.000 PERSONS SEE CORPSE IN ONE DAY — SAI,VAli()|{ I'U AM (O.NVKTEl) — I'ATIIEU HYLEBOS BEGINS FIGHT TO SAVE HIS LIFE — MASS MEETING FOLLOWS — LEO AND NASH TAKE UP CASE — INVITATIONS TO HANGING ISSUED LEGISLA- TURE ACTS PRISONER IS RELEASED POl.ICEJIAN KILLED

GEORGE STOWE RELEASED AFTER FOl'R YEARS OF BUFFETING

SlIOO'lIM; OF ".jack" I!V SIKPKlsKI) Ol TUEK ITl T CAMl'AKJN

WITH IIKAV\ llEITING A CURIOUSELECTIONMU I I'AII) — HUSON

ELECTED — RAPID CONSTRUCTION OF TABEUNACIK lOK EVANGEL- ISl- MILLS 2.300 CONVERSIONS 71

CHAPTER lAlii

1892 — FORMATION OF FIRST AVOMAN's CLUB, ALOHA — NESIKA FOL- LOWS SOON AFTER — OPENING OF WOMAN's INN — Y. W. C. A. PUT ON ITS FEET — (T.UH HOUSE ASSOCIATION BUYS OLD ANDER- SON HOME THE SC 11 RAGE MOVEMENT — PARENT-TEACHER

ASSOCIATIONS — AVORK OF MRS. AMY P. S. STACY — OTHER IMPORTANT CLUBS — PURE FOOD CAM I'AIGN 79

vi CONTEXTS

CHAPTER LIX

1892-3 COMING OF THE PHRA XAXG FROM ORIENT WOOLEN MILL

IX OPERATION A STIR IX UXIOX LABOR CIRCLES FRANK ROSS'

RAID ON INDIAN LANDS UNITED STATES TROOPS CALLED CHIEF

"link" DAVIS ACCUSED COUNCIL INVESTIGATES SCANDxVLS

CITY $500,000 IX DEBT CITY CLERK ARRESTED DEPUTY CLERK

CONVICTED OF FORGERY AVASHINGTON COLLEGE CLOSED

DEATHS OF TWO PIOXEERS — FIRST APPLES SENT TO ORIENT

BLIZZARD SWEEPS CITY WOilAN FREEZES FEET 86

CHAPTER LX

THE MOUNTAIN XA.ME ACADEMY OF SCIENCE C.VLLS IXDIAXS AXD

PIOXEERS AS WITXESSES PLUMMEr's GUIDE BOOK SEXATOR

squires' ACTIOX TALK OF COMPROMISE IXTERCITY COM- MITTEE'S WORK — CITY XAMEI) AFTER :\IOUXTAIX — CURIOSITIES

OF THE MOUXTAIX OLD REGISTER STOI.EX EXPEXDITURES ON

MOUXTAIX WORK AXD ROADS PRECIPITATIOX RICKSECKER's

ROAD RAIXIER XATIOXAl, PARK CO:\rPAXY POWER DEVELOP-

MEXT 94

CHAPTER LXI

1890-2-3 WILLIS' WHISTLIXG WELL A GOOD BAROMETER

UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH GETS FOOTHOLD DEATH OF

GUSHING EELLS — THE "fIR TREE SUNDAY-SCHOOl" AND SPRAGUE MEMORIAL CHURCH — COUNCILMANIC ELECTION — POAVDER EX- PLOSION IN POINT DEFIAXCE PARK GREAT XORTHERX RAILROAD

COMPLETED DEATH OF GEXERAL SPRAGUE A. V. FAAVCETT

FEEDS 2.000 AT CHRISTMAS DIXXER ORR DEFEATS FAWCETT FOR

MAYOR COUNCIL IN FOUR- WEEKS DEADLOCK — FIRST GRAND

JURY SINCE STATEHOOD 104

CHAPTER LXI I

1893 PANIC CAUSES BANK FAILURE DESPERATE ATTEMPTS TO

RAISE MONEY MANY CRASHES FOLLOW HOW MAHNCKE AND

CONTEXTS

Vll

AVOHDKN SAVKl) llKKl.IN HUll.UlNG — I'UUKTEEN HANKS lAll — ■ TllUUNK llKLl'S TWO THKOUGU DllTICULTIES — INTKKESTINU COMMUNITY PL.VN SUGGESTED BANKERS INDICTED, TRIED AND

(^ru Ki.v ACQUrrrED 1 Kt

CHxVPTKH I.XIII

ALBERTSON ABSCONDS — HIS SEA'ITLE COUSIN AHDUCTED AI. BERT- SON AM) I HANDLER CAl'TURED IN OREGON, BROUGHT HACK AND

TRIED — BANK RECOVERS SECURITIES CACHED ON BHOWN's

I'OINT — EXPOSITION OPENS — ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAI, DEDICA'1"ED 116

( IIAl'TKK I. XIV

BENNE'lT OPENS \\.\U ON WATER ANIi l.KMI 1 l D.MI'ANV — WINS FIRST

BA'ITLE THE WKUJllTS TRY TO STOP SLNDAY CARS — WKKillT

SUGGESTS THAT CITY BUY PLANT — COUNCIL PROVIDES EOR

SPECIAL ELECTION — CREATES WATER COMMISSION COMPANY

SEEKS LAKGER WATER SUPPLY — AMERICAN LAKE PLAN OPPOSED

COMPANY .MAKES I'Kol'OSAl, TO SELL BENNETT HAS A PLAN

IIERINCi INVESTIGATES AND HKI'ORTS — I.AIK )1(IN(; MEN ASK lOR

bkiik;e to iinr. ii ais 12"_*

(n.\I''l"KI{ I. XV

COUNHIL I'ONIHON TLI) H\ HKIDCK PKoIU.LM lONIlN UES NEGOTIA- TIONS |(IH IT III HASP. OF WATEinVOKKS AND HOLDS LIVELY SES- SIONS COMMEIU lAI. BODIES DEl'lDE IN FAVOK ol ITKt IIASE

ELECTION HELD AND PKOPOSITION ( ARUIES TAIOMA EASTKHN RAILROAD STAKTED — WKIGHT's >^l()().()()() HOND TALIiOTT.

BROWNE AND SEYMOl'K PRESENT PLANS — COlNl II. CO.MMrTTEE GOES TO SEE AVRIGHT — Sll.\\\ MAKES INVLNToin W .\TFI( lO.M-

jnSSION OUSTED IITY OFFICI.M.S C.VPTriiF (;.\S l'I..\NT .\ND

TOOI^S AND ARE SUED HERING's REPORT INAllUHATE — WRIGHT

FAILS TO MEET HIS PAYMENT — RIGNEY WINS HIS SUIT — COLONEL (;RIG(;S offers to build PIPE LINE I'OMMEHCIAL COMPANY ENTERS ELECTRIC FIELD — WRIGHT GETS CONTROL —

viii CONTEXTS

WICKERSHAM STARTS "MILLION DOLLAR SUIT" WRIGHT

OFFERS TO REPURCHASE PLANT EXTENSION FUND DISSIPATED

— COUNCIL FIXES LIGHT RATES 130

CHAPTER LXVI

EX-TREASURER BOGGS TRIED FOR EMBEZZLEMENT JORDAN STARTS

WARRANT SUIT — STALLCUP SCORES CITY MISMANAGEMENT

RIGNEYS SELL RIGHT TO CLOVER CREEK TITLOW BECOMES RE- CEIVER FOR BANK BOOKS AND SECURITIES DISAPPEAR PARKER

GOES TO OREGON AND RETURNS WITH BOGGS, WHO IS SENT TO PRISON AVICKERSHAM WINS "MILLION DOLLAR SUIT" FIRE- MEN THREATEN TO STRIKE FOR PAY CITY SUED ON BOGGS

WARRANTS BOND INTEREST RAISED BY SUBSCRIPTION

COUNTY AND CITY OFFICIALS ARRESTED SUPREME COURT RE- VERSES SUPERIOR COURT IN "MILLION DOLLAR SUIT" AND LATER

REVERSES ITSELF TUGWELL AND BAKER FOUND GUILTY OF

CONTEMPT CITY ACQUIRES COMMERCIAL LIGHT PLANT FAAV-

CETT CUTS LIGHT COMPANY AVIRES CITY REACHES CASH BASIS

— C. B. WRIGHT DIES — "MILLION DOLLAR SUIT" COMPROMISED GAS COMPANY REORGANIZED 142

CHAPTER LXVII 1894 — "on to Washington!" — coxey army under "jumbo"

CANTAVELL IN CAMP AT PUYALLUP GOVERNOR m'gRAAV IS

CALLED UNITED STATES MARSHALS GUARD TRAINS "jUMBO"

RIDES FIRST CLASS RIOT IN SEATTLE NORTHERN PACIFIC

TRAINMEN STRIKE SIXTY DEPUTIES ON DUTY JIM:MY JONES

SAA'ES TODD "dICKINSON's SPECIAI/' FEDERAL TROOPS CALLED

GUARDSMEN REBEL STORM DEMORALIZES TRAFFIC 1 H

CHAPTER LXYIII

printers' lock-out — MORNING UNION IS STARTED — PICTURESQUE

NEAVSPAPERMEN DAILY NEAVS SOLD UNDER HA3IMER GREAT

SUMS OF MONEY LOST "nELLIE" A TROUBLE MAKER BEN- NETT LOSES $120,000 O. B. HAYDEn's trials PERKINS EN- TERS FIELD 1<51

CONTEXTS ix

CI I. \ I 'IKK LXIX

lH!).'{-4- I.OM; IlKIiATK OVl'.K I'KOl'OSr.l) C IIV IIAl I. I IIA.MHEU OF fOM MlIU I. DIAIIIKS lO lilll.l) I IIV 11. IS CONl'KAl i lOK Ml'Ml.- Il'^U. BUa.lJIXG — CITY AXU CIIAMBKR EXCHANGE BUII.UIXG SITES— GKEAT SLIDES OX -WATEIU'UOXT-AVAUEHOUSES, DEPOT

AXD DOCKS CAKRIED AWAY MAX AXD GIKL DKOWXED — HOW A

WOMAX BECA:mE OWXER OF A WATER PL.VNT — SUICn)E OF ABE GROSS — FATAL STREET CAR AVRECK — FIGHT FOR FIVE-CENT FARE ^^''i'

CHAPTER LXX

189.5 — SUICIDE OF PAUL SCHULJ^E — HIS CAREER — DISCOVERY OF HIS PECULATION'S — SALE OF Ills l.I'FECTS — IX LOVK wnil AX

ACTRESS LAKE VIEW Hol.llNc; M 1 1.1. BICYCLE CLUB FORMED

FIRST GOLF PLAYED COUNTRY CLUB ORGANIZED ASSASSI- NATION or D(K TOl! WIXTKlOrUTE 174

CIIAl'TEK LXXl

189(5-7 — OKK-FAWCETT FIGHT CARRIED TO SUPREME COURT GOV-

NOH TEATS OUSTED .\S ( IVII, SKltVll K I ()>r MISSIONER BALLOT

BOXES STOLEN- FIERY .ALVSS MEETIXGS — THE BOICE STORY'

1897 ELECTION PROFESSOR .m'cLI'RE KILLED OX MOL'XT TA-

COMA XEWS OF ALASKA GOLD DISCOVERIES EXPOSITION BUILD- ING AND WOOLEN MILLS mux I'.MiK W MliK riiOCEEDS- r.MllU .Mill. lURNS IHO

CHAPTER LXXII

1898-9 CUSIl.MAN NO.MlNAJi:!) FOR C(JXCiIfESS HIS VICTORY A

SURPRISE — ABLE WORK IN CONGRESS — ELECTION OF ADDISON C. FOSTER TO U. S. SENATE IN THREE-CORNERED CONTEST — BOLT

IN rill, r.vrcus — wii irw ok i ii loi.i.r.cK iii,M<)vi;i) 'in taco.ma

THE l)li\M.\TIC CLUB — DR. HICKMANS DEATH — DEWEY

RO(;ERs" DK.Mll — TACO:\IA OUTDOOR ART ASSOCIATION TACOMA

ROSE SOCIETY — VIRGINIA DARE CHAPTEK 1). .\. li. I'OKMEl). . .187

X CONTEXTS

CHAPTER LXXIII

1898-9 ANTI-SPANISH ilEETING HELD UK. E. M. BROWN AP- POINTED KECKUITING OFFICER FOR COMPANY C, E. A. STURGIS

CAPTAIN WAR DECLARED GENERAL ASHTON Ol'FERS TO RAISE

REGIMENT GOVERNOR ROGERS APPOINTS AVHOLLEY AND FIFE

FATHER HYLEBOS ADVISES CATHOLICS TO FOLLOW THE FLAG

TROOPS LEAVE TACOMA PERSONNEL OF COMPANY C CAPTAINS

ROSS, DE HUFF AND DEGE ORGANIZE COMPANIES FOR SECOND

AVASHINGTON LIEUTENANT COLONEL FIFE COURT MARTIALED

BOYS FIGHT AGUINALDO's INSURGENTS PRIVATES GROSSMAN

AND LOVEJOY KILLED — TROOPS RETURN TO TACOMA NOVEJIBER 5th WAS CALLED "tHE FIGHTING FIRSt" 194

CHAPTER LXXIV

1898-1902 — CITY ca:\ipaign of '98 — nickeus defeats fusion

TICKETS CAMPBELL DEFEATS FAWCETT IN 1900 AND C(JLE IN

1902 ACHIEVEMENTS IN CAMPBELL 's AD:MINISTRATI0N THE

POWER CONTRACT AND THE "BRIDGE FIGHT" VICE QUESTION

ESTABLISHMENT OF RESTRICTED DISTRICT SANDBERG SPENDS

$40.000 REYNOLDS FALLS OUT WITH CAMPBELL BITTER

FIGHT FOLLOWS CAMPBELL DEFEATED BY WRIGHT FIRST

LEGAL HANGING — STONE- WEBSTER CORPORATION BUYS STREET t AR LINES. . 199

CHAPTER LXXV

1899-1900 SHIP ANDELANA CAPSIZES — ALL HANDS LOST AT- TEMPTS TO RAISE THE VESSEL — DIVER LOSES HIS LIFE COLLI- SION OF CITY OF KINGSTON AND GLENOGLE KINGSTON SINKS

IN 420 FEET OF ^A'ATER TITLOW TAKES A FLYER DEPTH OF

THE SOUND THE DE LIN STREET WRECK FORTY-THREE PER- SONS KILLED EQUIPMENT IN BAD SHAPE .JURY RETURNS

SEVERE VERDICT WRECK COSTS ENORMOUS SUM 20.5

CHAPTER LXXVI

1903-04 PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT LAYS CORNERSTONE OF 3IASONIC

TEJIPLE IS PRESENTED AVITH SILVER TROWEL WRECK OF THE

CONTENTS xi

CLALLAM — roru TAIDMANS LOST — I'KESBYTEK IAN t IIUKCHES

()I{(;anizei) -12

CHAPTKK J. XX VI I

1904. — XOMIXATIOX IN TACOMA OF GOVERNOR ME^VD — FARRELL

COMES IX SPECLVL CAR A DINNER AND A SUGGESTION STEVEN-

SON's anger at ruth IT .VLMOST LEADS TO REilOVAI. OF

CAPITAL TO TACOMA— JOHN REa's SECRET — A TACOMA DELEGA- TION VISITS GOATIRNOR — EDITOR PIPER "sCOOPED" AND HE BERATES .MEAD 216

CHxVl'TKK I.XWlll

190.) — GREAT RAILROAD-BUILDING PERIOD BEGINS — MIL^VAUKEE FRUSTRtVTES SPECULATORS — UNION PACIFIC SPENDS MILLIONS AND DRIVES A TUNNEL — STRIKES SNAG IX JACOB BETZ — BAI.K-

AVILL SPENDS $2,000,000 WAS UXIOX PACIFIC BUVIXG A

BLUFF? — MAKES CONTRACT WITH XORTHERX PACIFIC — EREC- TIOX OF UXIOX STATION — BUILDING OF POINT DEFIANCE LINE — RAILROADS EXPEND TOTAL OF $20,00().()0() IN TACOMA — WHEN FIRST TRAIN'S CAME 219

CHAPTKK LXXIX

in0.3-(i-7-8 — OKGAXIZATION Ol I HI. " liOOSTKRs" A BANQUET OF

l,ll!»7 I'ERSOXS RUXS TRAIN llIKOLCiH POKTLAXl) STREETS — ■

"watch TACOrVIA grow" PROF. CHARLES ZEllJLIXS RIDICULE

AXn PRAISE — CORNERSTONE OF PYTHIAN TEMPLE LAID — CITV

ELECTION OF 1900 WRIGHT DKIT.ATS .Al'cOUMICK -PERIOD OF

.MlNICIl-AI, I.MPROVEMENT LINCK DI.j IWI S WlfKHll .\1, LE- GATIONS Ol SIIADV TRANSACTIONS IN l'A\ IN(; I.INt KS HANDS

TIED BY COUNCIL DEADLOCK FORMATION ol UNIVERSITY

Cl.UIi 223

CIIAl^TKH l.XXX

1907 — TRLU. OF CHESTER THOMPSON FOR EMORY MURDER — father's tribute to dead :MAN- ENDLESS ARRAY OF AVIT-

xii CONTENTS

NEssEs — Vance's caustic argument — Thompson's scathing

KEPLY — HIS AVONDERFUL WORD PICTURES — HIS DEMAND FOE A

VERDICT "for god's SAKE MAKE A VERDICT AND MAKE IT

now!" HE CRIES — JURY ACQUITS — CHESTER NOW IN MEDICAL LAKE ASYLUM "-^27

CHAPTER LXXXI

1908-10 BUILDING OF THE ARMORY LOTS GI^^EN BY CITIZENS- THEODORE HOSJIEr's death ORGANIZATION OF ART LEAGUE

INGERSOLL MADE VICE PRESIDENT OF MILWAUKEE RAILROAD

^DEATH of CONGRESSMAN CUSHMAN HIS WILL ORGANIZA- TION OF ROTARY CLUB Y. M. C. A. BUILDING ERECTED .... 233

CHAPTER LXXXII

1909 CITY COMMISSION F0R5I OF GOVERNMENT ADOPTED SMALL

VOTE CAST — THE CHARTER FRAMERS — FAWCETT IS ELECTED

MAYOR IN LANDSLIDE VOTE EFFECTS OF DIRECT PRIMARY" AND

OTHER ULTRA-MODERN METHODS — BUYING OF MUNICIPAL DOCK — FRANK E. DAY THE PRIME MOVER — HOW IT WAS ACCOM- PLISHED— BUILDING OF ELEVENTH STREET BRIDGE — CAR LINE TO TIDEFLATS — SEYMOUR AND STILES WORK OUT SOLUTION — HENRY RHODES PERSUADES STONE & WEBSTER :\IANAGEMENT

237

CHAPTER LXXXIII

1909 DEATHS ON JIOUNT TACOMA CALLAGHAN AND STEVENS

LOST LEIGH GARRETT DISAPPEARS ON WEST SIDE (1910) MISS

HUNT KILLED ON PINNACLE PEAK (1912) GEORGE FRANCIS

ORDWAY AND B. W. FERGUSON LOSE THEIR LH-ES IN 1915. . .241

CHAPTER LXXXIV

1910 — BUILDING OF STADIUM HIGH SCHOOL AND STADIUM — THEY

SUCCEED VILLARD's GREAT HOTEL DREAM LAND COMPANY

SPENDS $480,000 ON BUILDING AND $40,000 ON LAND, AND

CONTEXTS xiii

SCHOOL DISTRICT BUYS ALI- FOR $;U,.)00 — TOURIST HOTEL TIRE IX 1898 — ARClIlTECTrREDERICK IIKATH FATHER 01 STADIUM — ITS DIMENSIONS AND COST "^i.'i

CHxiPTER LXXXV

1!H()-14 — U. S. CENSUS ENUMERATION — FIRST TOTAL IS Al'.OUT

109.000 — CHARCJES OF FUAri) AI!K .MADE SPECIAL AGENTS

SENT — NUMBER IS CUT TO 83,743 — TRIALS AND ACQUITTALS

FOLLOW — FSTL^LVTFD POPULATION NOW 104,000 WOMAN

SUFFRA(;E VOTE — PRIMARY ELECTION OF 1912 LISTER AND

HILLINliS IN THE RACE — MONUMEN I' TO PIONEERS AT PARK- LAND— COMPLETION OF CENTRAL SCHOOL IUILDING7— LINCOLN IIKill SCHOOL PlliniXC I lilTICIZED HAS ATTRACTED NA- TIONAL AllKNTION — A VAUAlil.F COMMrMTV CENTER—

COMlNc; OF THE .iriNEY AUTOMOBII.F RACING THE TACOMA

SPEEDWAY 249

CHAPTKK 1. XX XVI

BEGINNINGS OF PUBLIC LIIIKARV THE FHIST BOOKS- ITS EARLY SUPPORTERS — GIVEN TO THE CITY — COUNCIL CONTROLS IT — THE LIBRARIANS — THE CARNEGIE MOVEMENT — MODERN DEVELOP- M ENT 2.j4

CHAPTER EXXXVII

]'.n\ — RECALL OF MAYOR A. V. FAWCETT — THE ANTI-TREATING

(JRDINANCE SEYMOUR DRAGOONED INTO THE MAYORAL RACE

RECALL OF L. AV. ROYS AND NICHOLAS LAWSON — VICE AGAIN

FIGURES — Seymour's adm inistration — pettit deieated —

I.A\\SON KLELECTED FAAVCETT REGAINS MA^OliAl. CHAIR

I'F.TTIT HKKI.ECTED WOODS Di:i FATED in AN ri-lA rilOl.IC VOTE

THE DIRECT I'lilMAKv's EFFECTS — OTIirn C l.TUA- MODERN

LAWS PRESIDENT TAIt's VISIT THF CHUISTIAN SI H;NIE

curRiii 2.)8

xiv CONTENTS

CHAPTER LXXXVIII

1912 LONG DISCUSSION OVER AVATER AKD LIGHT PLANT PRAIRIE

WELLS TRIED — ENGINEERS EMPLOYED — CITY CONDEMNS NIS-

QUALLY SITE STONE & AVEBSTER COJIPANY MAKES OFFER

CONTRACTORS GIVE DINNER TO CELEBRATE LOSSES POWER

PLANT BUILT WITHOUT GRAFT SEEKING A WATER SUPPLY

GREEN RIVER CHOSEN — BLUNDERS IN BUILDING SUITS FOL- LOW COMPLETION CITY HAS EXCELLENT WATER 20.5

CHAPTER LXXXIX

1914 ADOPTION OF PROHIBITION MEASURE ITS EFFECTS VIRGES

ASKS FOR xVMENDMENT DEATH OF THOMAS PROSCH AND OTHERS

IN AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENT ABANDONMENT OF OLD STEILACOOM

LINE "PURD's" PICTURESQUE CAREER 270

CHAPTER XC

TACOMa's ocean COMMERCE THE PACAFIC ALASKA NAVIGATION

COMPANY AND THE "ADMIRAL LINE" WRECK OF THE SAMP- SON THE MARU LINE AND ITS HEAVY BUSINESS NIPPON

YUSEN KAISHA LINE — WAR HAMPERS SHIPPING — ENORMOUS

DOCK SPACE WATER BUSINESS TOTALS THE OLD FLYER

A\'ELL KNOWN AVATERFRONT MEN 27-3

CHAPTER XCI

HOW THE COMMERCIAL CLUB CAME INTO BEING — O. F. COSPEr's

idea its first officers chamber of commerce comes

in appleby and avalker push building idea t. h.

martin employed sets out sea'en cardinal ideas love

leads money campaign $50,000 publicity fund raised

hylebos creek avateravay helping the belgians stone

leads reorganization movement rxvce-to-the-mountain

film dr. e. c. aa'heelers election aien avho haa'e been

actia'e a summary of achiea'ejients finis 278

Statistics 287

BlOGRAPHICAI 307

History of Tacoma

CHxVl'TEK Xl.MU

lHi)() — HASEUALL LEAGUE I'OIOIED — I.AWX TENNIS CLUH lORMED — GROSS BROS.' OPENING — IMPORTANT BUILDING OPERATIONS —

N. I'. r.Kr.cTiNt; shops in kdisox- mcciovkkx's stokv or

.SOUTH TALO.MA.

As s])iiiii; approached the hasehall "fans" began to ])laii lor a ttaiii. and on tlic evening- of .Marc-h l."{. 1800, they assembled in Dodges ^iiii store to consider the matter. H. K. JNIoore was cKcted ehairnian. and .1. 1'. C liapnian. 1'. II. Kershaw and \V. K. Hodge were instrueted to choose a ball ])arl<. .1. II. .Stitt, Thonias Bin<)liani. A. W . Mc\au<>hton. II. K. .Moore and C". D. l-'.ldcr were given the task of raising i'nnds, and it was iiroposed to incorporate a conii)any with SIO.OOO capital. The (inestion of rorniing a league including Portland, Seattle, .S])oUane and 'I'aconia was discussed. .\t ;i second meeting .Maich 1.1. C\ II. Moore, of Spokane. William H. 'I'hornell, of Seattle, and (i. A. \'an Derbeek, of Portland, wvw here to discuss the league plans. with W. 1'. Carson, the Tacoma rci)resentative, and tlu- result was the organization of the Pacific Northwest League of Prol'es- sional l?aseliall Pl.ayers. Tiie oHieers telegraj)lied $.')() to Nick ^'oung■. Washington, 1). C. president and secretary of the Na- tional League, re(|uesting protection. It was determined tiiat no club's salary roll should exceed $1,000 a month, this limit being fixed to exclude outside |)layers ami put the chilis on an ei|nal footing. .\[irll l.'{ W. II. Lucas was eleclrd m.iriagt'r of the

6 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Taconia Club. Tlie season opened jNIay 3 with a game between Tacoma ami Seattle, which Seattle won by a score of 6 to 7. The teams seemed to be evenly matched. The line-up was as follows: Seattle: Herman, rf : Devine, .'Jb: Whitely, cf ; Smith, lb; Camp, 2b; Bright, ss; Dean, If; Currie, p, and Snyder, c. Tacoma: JNIannasau, If; Hoffman, rf ; Pope, 3b; ^SlcCabe, 2b; Strouthers, lb; Christman. c: ]\Iullee. cf : Howe, ss, and Hungler. p.

At a meeting held in the Tacoma Theatre Building April 7, the Tacoma Lawn Tennis Association was organized with George Browne, president; D. K. Stevans, vice president; W. Rice, secretary, and A. E. Bull, treasurer. The membership fee was fixed at $10, witli dues of $10 annually. Out of this has grown the picturesque flower-bordered club house on Tacoma Avenue, with its several excellent courts, where many tournaments of a high order have been ])!ayed. The tennis club has been a very valuable adjunct to the social life of Tacoma and there is no estimating its contributions to good health and cleanly amuse- ment.

Gross Brothers' Building at C and Xinth streets was ready for opening jMarch 20. Pleaded bj- a brass band, a procession of twenty carriages loaded ^ith the firm's employees, paraded through the streets from the old store to the new. The men wore silk hats, the young women new^ spring bonnets and it was an alto- gether happy crowd. The foi-mal oi)ening was attended by thousands. A flag with twelve stars, one for each of the twelve years since the firm opened its first store in Tacoma. waved frf)m the top of the building.

With a stock of dry goods, clothing, boots and slioes valued at about five thousand dollars, David and Ellis H. Gross and W. Rudee, in 1878, had established the business in a little frame build- ing on Pacific Avenue, rented from Eben Pierce. Eight months later the firm moved into larger quarters at Xinth Street and Pacific Avenue, occupying the only brick building in town. !Morris Gross joined the firm a few months after it ^vas established and in 1881 Abe left the old home in Poland, and joined his brothers. "The only brick" was outgrown by 1883 and the bretliers bought two lots just south of it and built a one-story frame, 30 by 80 feet in size, which came near starting an investi- gation, the "conservative" element failing to see how the brothers

	r
	■ ■\^	r^rvif:--	-
	r
iS		1
^, — — -	^ —

GROSS BROTHERS' STORE, 1881, ON PACIFIC AVENUE, NEAR NINTH STREKT From left: Tliinl, A. C. Gross; fourtli, Harrv HaliMtt; fifth, Siinim (iiittVliI; sixtli. .Mi)rri?

Gross

LOOKING NORTH ON l'A(I|-IC AVENIE KROM SEVENTEENTH SiREET. IN 188.1

111S1'()K\ OF TACtJ.MA ^

could afford siicli a lavish expenditure on a l)uildiii<>'. Karly in IHS-t the new i)iiildinii;- \\as oi)ened, hut on J^aster Sunday was destroyed hy lire. Ciross Brothers saved a part of their stock. The insurance adjusters gave the firm the damaged goods and $20,000 in settlement for its loss, estimated at .1<4().()00. and Taeoiiia had lur lirst "slaughter sale." Seven months were spent in a shanty at C and Ninth sti'cets, while the new two-storj' hiick was Iieing huilt on the site of the hurned l)uil(liiig.

'I'lie corner stone of the new huilding at Xiiith and C streets was hiiil (in Decoration Day, 1889, and was witnessed hy some ten lliousand persons. Allen C. Mason was the oratoi-. The huilding \vas live stories in height on the C Street fidiit and six on Kailroad. It was the largest retail store in the northwest, and contained a stock of inci-ciianrlisc separated into twelve depart- ments, and it had a l)al)y iiuiscry. ^\ ith a nurse in charge. In 1878 Gross Hi-otliers sold .f!10,()()0 worth of goods: in ISH'.t the sales aiiMiiiiitcd to s;J40. (»()(). The Gross Building was known in later yeai"s as tlic .Ioirs Huilding. William .Joiks ha\ ing ac(|nired it, and in 1!)1(> it was demolished to make room for a new stiiic- tnre to house the Pantages Theater.

The (iross I^rothers wci'c a popular, pul)lie-spirite(l, (.nergetic group. They hegan \\itli nothing. It is said the start of their large husiness was a peddler's ])a(k. A few montiis after enter- ing the new .store at C and Ninth .streets they failtd in the general collapse. David is still heavily interested in Tacoma. .Mnuit three years ago he com])leted a handsome husiness hlock on the west side of C Street, south of Kleventh. lie lives in Ocean Park, C'al. Morris is conducting a moving ])ictin-e house in New ^'ork City. I'>llis has a store in .Seattle. Ahe, the youngest, ended his life.

Farrell &: Darmer, architects for Kohert W'ingate, awarded the contract for a four-story hrick hlock with a .)0-l"root frontage on C .Strict, to !•". A. Harntt. It was to occupy lots 12 and l.'l, hlock 110.). In the spring of 1H!)0 C and Hailroad .streets i'rom Ninth to Fifteenth were almost l)locked with huilding material. Among the Iniildings under construction were the Harry Ball. .50 hy 100. five stories, now occu])ied I)y the .Standard House I'\u-- nishing Company. Kaylor &: Wells, !^4'2,000; Hewitt &: (Jalloway,

8 HISTORY OF TACOMA

five stories, $40,000; the Fidelity Trust Building; the Daily News Block, Captain Enell's three-story building and many others.

A mass meeting in the Tacoma Theatre April 2 considered the proposal to raise a bonus asked for by the Pacific ]Mail Steam- ship Com2)an)\ The Chamber of Commerce Ajjril 20 reported that the last of the $75,000 Pacific mail fund had been subscribed. This comjjany wanted 600 feet of water frontage. Late in May, however, the Pacific JMail Line was taken over by the Southern Pacific Railwaj' and Tacoma lost to San Francisco her hope of becoming the American terminus of the line.

Union Pacific engineers were surveying on the tideflats for that company's proposed great terminals. The Northern Pacific Company was pushing with all speed the construction of several large buildings on Hunt's Prairie — now South Tacoma, the com- pany directors having decided to remove its shops from Seven- teenth Street to the country. The street car company was laying tracks on Center Street and promised to extend the line to South Tacoma at once. To help the southward movement the city let to J. J. JNIaney at $9,974 a contract to build a bridge over Galli- her's Gulch at Tacoma Avenue.

At a recent meeting of a Parent-Teacher Association at the Edison School, W. C. P. jNIcGovern, who has been principal of the school since 1892, read a history of South Tacoma, and it is here republished :

"In 1891 the Northern Pacific car shops were where the Union Station now stands. In that j'ear the company decided to move its shops. Five brick buildings were erected where the shops now are. The employes numbered 150.

"There were no street cars coming out to South Tacoma in those days. South Tacoma was not in the city limits. Until 1895 the town was called Edison. At about that time the town took the name of South Tacoma. The postoffice was called Excelsior until 1896, when it became a branch of the Tacoma postoflice and was known as South Tacoma. The postoffice could not be called Pjdison because there was already an office of that name in Skagit County.

"The shop workers did not live here, and there were only a few l)uildings along Union Avenue. All the prairie here was covered with farms. In order to get the men out here to their

WHEN THE XORTHEUX rACIFIC SHOPS STOOD AT SEVENTEENTH STREET. THE FOREST ALMOST SURROUNDED THEM

BEFORE THE l;l'. W AKl.lluUSES CAME

r^

iiisroin OF TAcoMA y

work, till' c'(inii);iii\- ran a stiil) train (Hit lu re in tlu' inorninn^ and evening's. I-atrr a steam motor li.nihd a single car i'loni tlie (nil III' Center Stitet to Spana\\ay l.ake. And Ntill a little later the street ear eomijaiiy put on a motor and car runniii<4' to the Wapato bridyc. This brid<ie was finished in 1S92, and in 18!»;} the electric cars were put on there and run into town. Connec- tion was made on Commerce Street with a steam nintcii' rnnninti' to Point Defiance. There was a little |)iece nf land helwcen lure and t(n\n at this time that was not in the eily limits, and heeanse oT thai lor years we had to pay 10 cents ciirl'are.

"in l)eceml)er. 181)1. the school was orf>'am'/.t(l here, under the superintendency of F. B. Gault. It was over White's store. In April. 18!>'J. a little school house was erected and I came out here and liave heen here ever since. We soon out<>Tew the school house and were again renting store rooms. In litO,") they decided to double the capacity of the school, makin<'- a 2()-room building-. They thou<4ht they had bnilt then for all the school ])opulation that South Taeoina would ever have. Hut by r.K)8 the school was again overflow iug and ])ortable buildings werp in use.

■ '"Then the second of the tw n luiek school buildings was erected with the idea of giving the first two years of high school in it. The enrollment had gone up to 950 when the pre-vocational work was started at the \\'hitman School. About fifty ])ui)ils now go to the Whitman School for pre-vocational woi-k. w hieh wt' want to give there.

"In 1892 the school had 2 tiachers and f.T i)u])ils. and in I'M'.i. 2.'{ teaeliers and '.'.lO |)U|)ils. The total nunilier of pupils passed from the Edison School for high school is 1,181. Last year more than one-half the total number of pupils receiving honors in the Lincoln High .School were from the Kdison School. 1 think this fine showing is because the children came from homes where the j)arents had to work hard, and were therefore anxious to learn."

CHAPTER XLIX

1890 — UNITED STATES DISTRICT COUKT ORGANIZED — RICE AND

ALLEN NOMINATED FOR MAYOR FIFE AND OTHERS HASTEN

BUILDING OF CABLE LINE FIRST CAR RUNS ON POINT DEFIANCE

LINE CARMAN ENTERS MANUFACTURING FIELD SMELTER IN

OPERATION rust's DEAL AVITH GUGGENHEIMS SMELTER OUT- PUT BUILDING OF RUST MANSION CHURCH DEVELOPMENT.

The United States District Court for the District of Wash- ington was organized hy Judge Hanford in the old court house on C Street, xVjjril 9, 1890. A. Reeves Avers qualified as de]nity district clerk, and P. C. Sullivan as deputy district attorney. The first case was that of the ship Chaigend. in which Robert Waitshore and other sailors sued for wages. They had signed in England foi- the ti-ip to Taconia. The case had been frying to find a coiu't of jui'isdiction for some weeks. The sliip Avas of British register and the state courts did not have autliority. Cap- tain Hamilton alleged that his men liad deserted but Judge Han- ford found for the sailors.

At a meeting of the "Citizens Association" in the Presby- terian Tabernacle April 14, a platform was adopted and plans made for tlie municipal election. The platform demanded local self government ; favored bonding the city for streets, sewers and public buildings; insisted that the majority should control the granting of liquor licenses in any district; favored the municipal ownership of the water plant A\itli service at cost; opposed ex- clusive street railway franchise and demanded that railway com- panies be lield to a strict fulfillment of franchises. It favored, also, the establishment of hoiu'S for labor conforming to those of the general government.

About a Aveek later the republicans nominated: Mayor, W. B.

10

IIISTOin' OF TACOMA H

Allen: city attorney, Samul C. Milligan, who recently had hecn api)ointecl to succeed W. 1 1. Siiell, Snell having been made prose- cuting attorney; treasui-er, S. T. Armstrong; surveyor, George I*'. Binuliam: street conunissioner, J. li. Ilodgins; eouncilmen — I'irst Ward, none; Second. Charles T. Manning; Tliird. .1. \V. Reynolds : Fourth. John Huntington.

Two days later the democrats nominated .Sluail Itice for mayor: John Mayo Palmer, lor attorney; Grattan II. Wheeler, . for treasurer; Colin ^Iclntosh, foi- sniTeyor: Owen Wood, for street commissioner; John X. Fuller, councilman, First Ward; William A. Freeman. Third Ward and Louis Foss, Fourth Ward. This left one place on each ticket to be filled.

'I'he Citizens' Association endorsed the candidates on both tickets as follows: Mayor. W. U. Allen: attorney. .Foiin M. rainier: treasurer, S. T. Armstrong; surveyor, Cieorge K. Jiing- liam: street commissioner, J. P. Hodgins; eouncilmen — First Ward. II. (). Geiger for the long term, and W. II. Harris for tlie short; Second Ward, .Tames I. iVgnew, and Fourth, .John Huntington.

The street railway comj)any's conduct and the water and light eoni|)any\ activities both figured in the camiiaign. April r.i. 18«i>, the council had adopted ordinance Xo. 2:37 giving to Henry ^'illard, Taul Sehul/.e. .J. II. Cummings and others a franchise for cable railways. ^lay 4 the council had \'acated cer- tain portions of Cliff Avenue at the foot of Thirteenth Strett and donated it to N'illard and iiis associates I'or iiowei' Imuse |)ur- poses.

I^atei- in the year the Tacoma Railway ic Motor Company ac(|uired the franchises and other ])roperties of the \'illar(i Com- pany l)ut the cable railways up the hill did not matci-iali/.e. Citi- zens, seeing the hill districts were being retarded in development, protested, an.! W. II. Fife presented a petition asking that the cable-line tVaiieliise ])e revoked. l''ii"e and his i'ellow si^iia- tories said that while they did not desire to enter the railway busi- ness, rather than see the development of the hill district iurther retarded, they wo\d(l bind themselves to build calile lines if the council would clear the way and give them a IVanchise. A few days later the eonncil passed an ordinance in which the company

12 HISTORY OF TACOMA

was permitted to build either electric or cal)le lines to K Street, within six months.

It was on April 22, 1890, that the first car was run on tlie Point Defiance line, completed shortly before that time by Allen C. Mason and associates. Promptly at 2.30 P. M., Supt. George Balch rang- the bell on the new motor and Engineer Nelson' Bedell tui-ned on the steam. At the foot of North First Street the motor encountered grease on the rails which caused some trouble. At I Street a stop was made for a tank of water and about two miles further on wood for fuel was taken on board. The smelter was reached a few minutes before 4 o'clock. The return trip was made in forty minutes and the next morning I'egular hourly service to Burlingame's Saw JNIill near the smelter was estab- lished.

By the middle of July, Superintendent Cumniings, of the Tacoma Kailway & IMotor Company had completed plans for the cable road on Thirteenth Street and had let contracts. The A. li. Todd Company, of Tacoma, was making tlie cast iron cable yokes. The cars were to be equipped for operation on botli cable and electric lines and would be switched to the latter at K Street from which point they would go to Nineteenth and out that street to a point to be decided upon later. New and larger engines and dynamos had been ordered, and the company expected to ])ut about three hundred and fifty thousand dollars in im- provements. In August the company began building the Tacoma Avenue line. Tacoma Avenue had great expec- tations. It Avas the first street to undertake paving of a more substantial character than planking. The Bituminous Rock Company had 100 men and thirty teams at work between Ninth and Fifteenth streets. On a base of concrete the company was laying about two inches of bituminous rock. The contract price was $52,000.

Fifteen minutes before noon on June 29, Frank O. ^Meeker drove the last spike in the narrow gauge Tacoma & Puyallup Railroad. The exei'cises were held about three miles this side of Puyallup.

J. L. Carman, who had just come from Iowa, bought the L. S. Wood mattress plant, and organized the Pacific Lomige

HISTOin' OF TACO.MA 1^

and .Mattress Company. The factory which eiii|)h)ye(l ten men stood wliiie [\\v Milwaukee railroad station now stands. Car- man threw his yreat energ'ies into tiu- httlc hnsincss and its yrowth ininKdiatciy hegan. Mr. Carman now tni|)h)ys from one hniuhrd and seventy-five to two hnnch'ed men. and the ont- |)nt dl' iiis phnit is al)out one million, two hundred and lil'ty tliou- sand dollars annually. He owns plants in Portland, Spokane and Seattle, and thonnh an exceedingly husy man, still finds time to d(\()te to piihlic duties wliicli he performs with signal ahility.

William 1{. Kust iR-came manager of the Taeoma Snulting i\: Itefining Company in the spring of 1 «'.»() and at onet' lugan to make some changes in the plant, principal among which Avas the erection of sampling works, which added materially to its usefulness.

Ml-. Rust had l)een in Taeoma in 1887, looking over the field. \\ Ik n he came to stay he hrought $.*}().()(){) cash, which he had taken out of mines in Coloi-ado. With this he procured conti'ol of the Taeoma smelter. He had had xalnahle connections in mining and raili'oad circles and lu- now usi'd them in jjlaeing the Taeoma institution on its feet. That, however, was a long- ami diflicult task, made doubly serious by the refusal of a rail- road man to carry out a shi])ping agreement that he had made with I{nst. Without this agreement Kust would not have come to Tai-oiiia. When Mellen came we.st as vice president of the \o|-tli(rn I'aeilic-, lie made good the compact and opened tin- \\ay for the shi|)meiit ol' ort-s I'rom .Montana. l-'a\ oi-al)lc agi-eeiiients w ith mines in .\laska further enlarged the way to success. Host's genius made a great industry out of the ])lant that Kyan, aided hy the Taeoma town-builders, had started, and his pleasant per- sonality at once gained for him a large following of friends. He retired Irom the smelter company January 1. 1!)1(>, a very i-icli man. and now (le\'ot(-s his timt- to his mining interests.

.At 7 A. M. Septembei- 1."). 1«'.I0. lire was started in the crucibles of the lii'st stack at tiie smelter. The roasting I'nr- naces bad been bnrm'ng for a couple of weeks, ])ut the company had l)een delayed in starting the crucible fires, owing to the non- arrival of two schooner loads of limestone from the San Juan

14 HISTORY OF TACOMA

quarries. With the arrival of this lime the "blowing in" process was begun and on the 27tli the steanishij) Queen of the Pacific carried the first consignment of bullion to San Francisco. The shipment consisted of twenty-three tons, valued at $9,971.71. each ton showing silver, $228,2.5, gold $91..57, lead $100. The plant was employing fifty men and turning out 110 bars of bullion a day from the one stack then operating.

One day a rej^resentative of the Guggenheims offered ]Mr. Rust $1,000,000 for the smelter. Rust laughed at him. The agent pressed him for a price. Rust said he thought he might begin to become slightly interested if $-1,000,000 were offered. Then the agent laughed. Rust told him to remain in a good humoi-, and to remember that Avhen the Guggenheims next made an offer it would have to be $1,000,000 more than $4,000,000.

About a year later another Guggenheim agent was sent west to negotiate and sure enough Rust demanded $.5,000,000, and he asked for $.500,000 more to cover sums that recently had been invested in plant betterments. The terms were accepted imme- diately, and the concern became a unit in the American Smelters Securities Company. The stockholders had received 10 per cent profits while Rust operated the plant, and by the sale of it they received 11 for one, on their investment. The change in owner- ship was made in 190.5. ]Mr. Rust remained with the company under the sale agreement.

In 1907 Harry Y. Walker, who has been with the Guggen- heim interests for nineteen years, came to the Taeoma plant from the Everett smelter which the Securities Companj' had bought and dismantled. He had spent two years in Everett. He now is the manager of the great Taeoma concern Avhich is employing about twelve hundred men. This is larger than the normal force by perhaps three hundred men, tbe excess being- required in the rebuildhig and enlargement of the plant, Avhich is costing a very large sum of money. This work has been in progress for a year and will not be completed until some time in 1917.

The present output of the smelter is worth about twenty-five million dollars a year. The gold output amounts to about three million dollars, silver to one million dollars, and copper to

FIRST BUFFALO BKOI'(iHT WEST OF Till'. MOUNTAINS III T'oiiit T)ofi;iiicp Park

FIRST STRKET CAR STATION AT lol.NT DKFIANCE PARK

IllSroin' OF TAfO.MA 15

tutiil\-onc inillidri ddllars. ;iii<l in addition, tlie ^itat Hues yield •J,400 tons ol" arsenic annuallw 'I'lic snifltcr has been one ol' the vei-v distinctive forces in the city's progress and suhstantiahty. I'he continuity of its operation and the pul)Hc s])irite(hiess of its uianageincnt are facts that have been felt In tlic business con)- iiiunity.

lioth Mr. and Mrs. Itust have helped many public, religious and philantiuopic enterprises. Mr. Kust has given most gener- (iusl\- to the institutions in the town that ])ears his name — Ruston, which was incorporated (Jctobcr •-'•-'. l'.»0<). Mrs. ]{ust in IDli ga\c a handsome $7,000 organ to Trinity C'liuicli, as a niciuorial to her son. Ilowai'd L., \\lio died in l'.)I2 at tlic age of twtnty- tive, and she was ready to give a considerable sum to the Humane Society and the city for a building to hou.se homeless animals. She always has l)cen very fond of animals and the jjroposed gift was ])romptcd by that feeling. However, she felt o!)liged to withdi-aw the |n-oi)osaI when fanatics, who thought the money might be devoted to lietter uses, began bothering and threaten- ing. Tlic Humane Society very mucb dcsirt-d the gift as it considered the "dog jjound" in the \'akima Avenue (Juleli In lie a hideous nuisance and ])ei-ha])s a danger to health.

The Kust.s in 11)0.5 built the tine white mansion at 1001 North i street, at a co.st of about one hundred and twenty-two thousand ii\f bundled dnljars. and the furnishings cost nearly tifly thou- sand (liillais more. 'I'lie beautiful structure, of a \nivv colonial tvpe. was e(i|)i(d from the great John A. MeCall Imnir on Long Island, which cost i^'J, 000.000. Kxi)crts filled llic furnishings. The exterior is (inishe<l in hand-dressed Wilkeson sand stone.

In order to protect the property Mr. liusl Iioughl the old Paul Schul/.c residence .just west, with its four lots, foi- $18,000 — a fancy price, but necessary if tin iiropeity was to be ac(|uired. Schul/c. the Xorthcrn Pacific land agent who cut a figure here in llu' late '80s and early 'OOs. and comi)leted his career by tak- ing bis own life, had built this house very shortly after the lirsl steam dummy began running on the Point Defiance car line and it was regarded as one of llu' mansions of its time. It altc r- ward ft II into the hands of an eastern estate, and for a long tinn' was boarded u]). Later Attorney T. 1). Pow<ll based it and

16 HISTORY OP^ TACOMA

lived there until he died. It now is occupied by the family of Architect Luther Twichell.

After the death of their son in 1912 the Rusts became lonely in the great house, and decided to get rid of it. This determina- tion was encouraged no doubt by the erection across tlie street from their front door of an ugly little laundry building. Sanuiel Glenn built it, and the citj' seemed to have no Avay of combating the eyesore. The building inspector's office had made no effort to avoid the issuance of the building permit, and ajjparently was oblivious to the injustice that was being inflicted ui)on tlie neigliborliood. Samuel A. Andrews, the jeweler, wliose comfortable home was next door north of this eyesore righteously felt aggrieved and brought legal proceedings which closed the laundry but could not remove the building. The affair emphasized a danger that might liefall any liandsome residence district, if a lot owner's greed or spite controlled him. The Rusts in 1912 proceeded to build a new home at 521 North Yakima Avenue at a cost of about eighty thousand dollars.

The I Street mansion was sold to George jNIilton Savage, for $50,000, Rust retaining the Schulze corner. Savage in- tended to occupy the house but his modesty overruled that inten- tion and he ordered A. E. Grafton to disjjose of it. Grafton sold it to Dr. J. F. Bailey, of Portland. Bailey held the rank of captain in the United States army, and he had led the Ameri- can charge on Tientsin in the "Boxer" rebellion. Bailey sold it to Elmer S. Shank, also of Portland. In the negotiations Grafton had acquired a second mortgage for $5,000. There also were third and fourth mortgages wliich wei'e wiped out i-ecently when Grafton foreclosed liis second mortgage and bought the first mortgage, and l)ecame the owner of record. The property cost Grafton about tliirty-five thousand dollars and interest. When the house was sold it tlius was inventoried: Improvements, $122,500; eight lots, $20,000; tapestries, cur- tains, and other furnishings in the nature of fixtures, $15,500 — a total of $158,000.

The People's Church at E and East Twenty-eighth streets was dedicated Sunday, April 20th, by Rev. Thomas Simes. Rev. William Coburn had been pastor for five years, and had

HISroin OF TACD.MA 17

liiiilt 11]) ;i (■(insi(l(ial)li' organization. The Free Methodists, too, were happy in the possession ol' a new eliureh hnihhn<>', on Sontli Eleventh Street at (), and tliey dedieated it May imii, lle\ . .1. C. Seott. jKistor of the Seattle Chureh. preaeiiing the sermon. Rev. .1. W. C alter was the pastor. The Xarada Theosophieal Society was meeting at 701 E Street. The name "Xarada" was latei- applied to the beautiful falls of Paradise River.

CHAPTER L

1890 BICE ELECTED MAYOR CHARTER COMMISSION FIRST PARK

BOARD APPOINTED SCHWAGERL AND ROBERTS BUILD WRIGHT

PARK GEORGE BROWNE's VALUABLE LABORS SAVING POINT

DEFIANCE PARK FERRY GIVES STATUARY BOWES' SPHINXES.

The nuiniciijal election in ]May. 1890. was regarded by the democrats as their victory. The total registration was 5,477 and the vote 4,330. The vote in 1880 had been 363; in '82, 648; '84, 1,.599; '86, 1,818; '88, 2,835; '89, 5,324. The winners and their majorities were Stuart Rice, mayor, 421; G. H. Wheeler, treasurer, 208; S. C. jNIilligan, attorney, 172; Colin Mcintosh, surveyor, 1,051; J. P. Hodgins, street commissioner, 369; Councilnien First Ward, long term, John X. Fuller; short term, Frank A. Smalley; Second Ward. Charles T. ^Manning; Third Ward, ^Villiam A. Freeman; Fourth AVard, John A. McCioldiick. Of these Rice, 'Wheeler. Mcintosh. Fuller, Smalley, Freeman and McGouldrick were democrats, the others being republicans.

The new council elected: clerk. C. K. Hills: deputy, Michael Dowd: chief of police, ]Martin A. Dillon; chief of the fire depart- ment. II. M. Lillis; assistant, W. D. McCiee; harbormaster, R. S. JMountfort; l)uilding inspector, Jolm Forbes; plumbing insiiector, Thomas O'Xeil; health officer. Dr. J. T. Brinkley; assessor, E. W. Taylor.

The city had heard much about divided responsibility, and the council endeavored to settle it by placing the ])olice depart- ment imder the control of the mayor and making the chief responsible to the mayor.

The retiring council, after discussing the new charter ques- tion for some weeks, had at last deferred action and transferred

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33

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lilSTUllV Ui" TAe():^lA 19

tlie problem to the new members. An ordinnnce was ])assc(l at the Hrst meeting, calling- lor the election on .June 10 of a charter commission of Hlteen freeholders. 3Iay 21 the council nominated as cluirkr fraiiKis. Allen C. Mason. W. II. SiulL.I. II. lloiigh- ton, .). .M. Steele, .1. I). C'anghran. George H. Kaniilc 11. O. (ieiger, Doctor Cioddard. Henry Drum. M. ^1. Taylor, Thomas Carroll. W . J. .Miadc J. C. W'eatlierred. (ieorgc O. Kelly and C". A. I laslirouek.

.Mavor Rice appniiited S. Calvin Heilig as his private sccre- tarv. He was the first mayor to have such an assistant. .lunc S the ciuineil adn])t((i an (irdinance aiithori/ing the mayor to appoint seven ])ark eommi.ssioners, and a week later he named Tacoma's first i)ark board: Isaac W. Anderson, Henry Drum, George Browne, J. 31. Steele, E. E. Sampson and F. 1. Mead as board of park commissioners. Browne was made jiresident of the board and Mead became superinttmUiit nf paiks at !^12.) a month.

Outgoing City Treasurer Armstrong's annual report showed: cash on hand at l)eginning of fiscal year, $.").'{.().'J.S.2() : collected during the year. S8ri..>l(».47; disbur.sements, .$720,"280..J2 ; a balance on hand. $02.22I).9.>.

E. (). Schwagerl. an able landscajjc gardenei- had prepaird plans i\<y the iiii|irii\ (■iiictil (if W'riulit Park wliieli C. 1?. Wright had given to the city some years before with the imderstanding that at least $1,000 a year should be s])ent on its improvement. Xothing had been done with the 27. -JO acres. There was talk of its reversion to the land company, and. under the fear of losing this valuable gift the new ])ark board rniployeii Schwagerl. George Browin' was alioiit to make a l'"ui'op(an tri|) and it was decidcil that lie under SchwageiTs direction, should buy a line collection of trees and shrubs, the idea being to adorn the land with ])lants not indigenous to this country. While Browne was doing that Schwagerl with a considerable force of men invaded the wilderness of underbrush and logs, cleared it up, tniiied the swamp into a little lake and then l)egan grading. After a while Bidwne's shijjments began coming. The jdants were "heeled in" until the grading could be eoniplefed. But the clouds were g-afbering for Schwagerl. There was objection to the expense

2U HISTORY OF TACOMA

he was creating. Political machinations among his men were beginning to injure his standing and one day he found himself without a place, but he had completed the grading.

The park board at once emijloyed Eben R. Roberts, who had been doing beautiful things at Radebaugh's ^Vapato Park. Roberts was Schwagerl's friend, and had opposed his dismissal, and one of his first acts was to call together the workmen and inform them that he proposed to build the park without an infusion of politics. Roberts is a Welshman who traces his ancestry 800 years. He began gardening as a child. In Ms boyhood he was apprenticed to one of Wales' ablest gardeners, and after serving his^ time he was employed in head positions on several of the great Welsh and English estates. He came to the United States as a young man, was employed for some time by the well known firm of Peter Henderson & Company, of New York, and later went to Xew JNIexico, where he operated large green houses which once were wiped out by flood and again by fire. Then he went to California where he was recognized as an expert in vineyard pruning to prevent milldew. His next move was to Tacoma.

He found ujjon entering park employment here that Schwagerl had caused to he shipped a great many plants that would not stand the \\inter and there was no greenhouse for them. Schwagerl had expected to have a greenhouse. Roberts suggested that the plants be given to the public, with the under- standing that those who received them should reciprocate in some way, and thus it came about that in after years many, many Tacomans, admiring Roberts' indefatigable industry, his inspir- ing enthusiasm and his remarkable knoAvledge of plant life, gave plants rare and otherwise in great nmnber for public beau- tification.

Roberts had Schwagerl's planting plan for Wright Park. He followed it in part. Day after day he camped on the ground until darkness fell and he was there at the first streak of dawn studying the problem. He had practically every hole dug before a plant was put out. He was dreaming fifty years ahead when the trees had become large. He held every ])lant as it was j)ut in tlie earth, and each was made firm «ith his heel, and the spring

HISTIC liUIDCK, POINT I > K I' I A N C K I'AUK

This bridgf is 2r)(l feet in lenjitli, ;!,i)(IO logs were reqiiireil in

I'oiistriietioii, and its buililer was George Austin

IIISTOKV OF TACOMA 21

ol' "!)1 .saw tlic planting' compktLd. Scliw a^cil did a iiioiiiiniLiital piece of laiid.sea])iii<^\ and H()l)erts did a iiioiiiiinental jjiece of |)lantiiiti'. Kaeli deserxes. and caeli soiiir day. ^lnMild have, in lovely Wright I'ark. a talilil In his nieniory.

Mayor ]{iee was deejily interested in |)ark.s. He kept in ehvse toneii uitii the hoard, and knew what was ^'oiny- on. and to liini Taeonia owes a deht of <iratitude for his earef'nl woi-k. The first appropriation the eonneil made for ])ark |)nrposes was $1, ()()(). a pnny siini indeed, with which to approach a need so irnpt'ratixe. for not only must the city sa\e Wright I'ark, hut Point Defiance as well. Ihniy i^l(•(■y had |ust iciurned from California where he saw heautil'ul |)arks a.nd he canu' home tilled with the possihilities of Point Defiance Park, as well as with an eidar^ed sense of its dang'cr from fire. C'iti/ens snhscrihed .$2. .)()() with which to he^in work there, ciittiny ti'ails and cKauinti "!'• Xot oidy was the firi' menace ^'real l)ut thii\ts wen- acti\e. Hundreds of cords of shingle holts and other timher were heing carried out of the ])ark. the thefts continuing until Yj. H. IJoherts moved there as jjark superintendent and summarily put an end to it hy vigorous measures. Adjacent lands were heing cleared of timher and luush and the workmen hurncd willmut much regard to tln' inxalualiU- trees cm the park |)rii])erty. It is remai'kalde that the city has lieen ahle to conserve the great fii's and cedars with so little loss from fire, for until the year 191.5, in spite of the constant dangers, no adecjuate water system was ])rovi(led. Xow. liowever, a large main, with suitahle laterals and hydrants and hose, lias heeii laid and the great |)ark seems fairly securt' fiom its worst enemy, 'i'liis lire protection was not hrought ahout without one of those (juarrels hetwxcn (Upartments of city government, which indicate a foolish jealousy and a petulant disregard of simple justice. From the day the parks were removed from the dominion of Municipal politics and placed on a husiness hasis, they have heen the ol)jects of attack and not infrecjuently have heen the \ ictims of malice (Voin other deparl- nients of the city government.

Clinton P. Ferry, "the Duke of Tacoma," had recently returned from Paris, where he had gathered manv curios, most of which found their way in IH'.X) into the heginiu'iig of the

22 HISTORY OF TACOMA

nuiseuni, which liis industry and enthusiasm founded, and which in 1893 was formally organized. He Avas much interested in Tacoma's park building and while in Europe he bought several pieces of statuary which arrived in the spring of '91. Two large lions, two dancing maidens and other pieces were intended for Wright Park and thej^ still are in place there. Tlie maidens originally stood close to the north driveway entrance, but they Avere moved soutlnvard a few feet about eight years ago in order to make room for two plaster sphinxes which Edward J. Bowes, of the Narrows Land Company, desired to present to the city. These figan-es were heroic in dimensions bvit frail in construction. In a short time they began to crumble, and were torn away. Bowes was then becoming more deeply interested in the drama than in sculpture and he never replaced the sphinxes. Soon after- ward he married ^Margaret Illington, a well-known actress, quit the real estate business and became her manager. A monu- ment bearing his name that did not crumble and Avhich will stand for many a day as a fine example of architecture, is the Bowes Building, on the southwest corner of D and Xinth streets.

Ferry laid out an addition on the South Side and provided a pai-k which bears his name and this he also supplied with statuary. He also provided a little park completely surrounded by lots and with no thoroughfare to it. It was intended as a playground and recreation spot for children whose parents lived in the houses surrounding it. Recently an attempt was made to persuade the park board to improve this enclosure, but the board quite properly declined because the spot cannot be opened to the public. Wliile the plot belongs to the city it is likely to remain a "No Man's Land" for many a da}\

C. p. FERHY

Known for years as tho "Duke of Tacoina." He

claimed tlio honor of giving Tacoma its name

J'nt

PU:

A;

T.l,

CHAPTER LI

181)0 — A IlKASTIC PI.ATJOKM IIIAKTKK COMMISSION ORGANIZED —

A. $14,000 OKDEK I KOM BLAINE GAKKETSON, WOODKUFE, I'KATT

& COMPANY SHIP TWO TUAINLOADS OF GOODS — ELKS' LODGE OKGANIZED — NEW EACTOIUES — CJOI.I) .MINING ON SCHOOL SEC- TION— ATTACK ON TIDELAND TITLES — EIKE DANGEKS AND WAIEU PROULEMS.

A citizens mass meeting' .June 7, 181)0, adopted resolutions w liii li may be rej^arded as forerunners of the populist excitement that reached its zenith in after years, though one of the meet- ing's main j)urposes was merely to register its disgust and scorn of the conduct of the public utilities companies. The resolutions follow :

" Keduetion of the iiours of labor in projjortion to the progress of production.

"The city to obtain possession of the local railroads, water works, gas works, ftrries, electric plants and all induslries rccjuir- ing municipal franchises.

"The |)ublie lands to l)c declared inalienable. Itcvocation of all land grants to corj)orations or individuals, the conditions of which have not been complied with.

"ltej)cal of all |)auj)er. tram]) and sumptuary laws. Vn- abridged right of combination.

"Orticial statistics concerning the condition of labor. Prohi- bition of the cm])loyment of children of school age and the employment of female labor in occupations detrimental to health and morals. Abolition of the contract labor system.

"All wages to be jiaid wcikly .iiid the ((luali/.at ion of women's wages with those of men where equal .service is performed.

"I.,aws ior the protection of life, and limit in all occupations and an etTicient employe liability law.

24 HISTORY OF TACOMA

"The peojjle to have the right to propose laws and to vote ujion all measures of importance according to the republican principle.

"All public officers to be subject to recall by their respective constituents.

"All citizens to be eligible to hold public office.

"Administration of justice to be free of charge."

This then drastic iilatform was offered by Charles Drees and it was adopted by a vote of 25 to 3. The meeting nominated for the charter convention: Dolph B. Hannah, W. H. Harris, F. W. Sullivan, Thomas McVeigh, John ^V. Clark, Thomas Carroll, Judge Towti, J. C. Weatherred, E. G. Barker, W. H. Snell, F. F. Hopkins, E. W. Taylor, Colonel Steele, F. ^Valianil and W. P. Watson.

The charter commission election took place June 10. The fifteen men chosen and their votes were: Thomas Carroll, 'J26; J. M. Steele, 9-22; J. C. Weatherred, 913; W. H. Snell. 911; W. C. Sharpstein, 703; F. T. Olds, 700; Louis D. Campbell, 697; J. D. Caughran, 697; Theodore Huggins. 694; George O. Kelly, 691; William J. :Meade, 690; :M. ]M. Taylor, 686; J. H. Thompson, 682; C. A. Hasbrouck, 671; H. O. Geiger, 6.51. It was a victory for the Council ticket over tliat of the Citizens, wliich was said to be tlie trade union ticket. The platform adojjted by the Citizens was no doubt a disadvantage to tlie ticket as in many ways it had overreached the authority given to municipal bodies and liad favored measures wliich could be enacted only by the state and Federal governments.

The conmiission met June 17 and organized with J. H. Houghton, chairman; W. C. Sharpstein, secretary, A. R. Heilig, clerk and stenographer, and the following conunittees: executive and legal, Carroll, Snell and Sharpstein; legislative, Steele, Geiger and Weatherred; revenue and finance. Taylor, Meade and Hasbrouck; liealtli, fire and police, Huggins. Cam]ibell and Steele; public work and commerce, Kelly, Caughran and Olds; judiciary, Campbell, Sharpstein, Carroll, Snell and ^Nleade.

The British bark Earl of Derby arrived in Tacoma INIay 7 to load the first cargo of flour to leave the Puget Sound Flovu'ing

lliSTCJKV Ui' TALU.MA 25

31ill.s. It consisted of .'J2,000 oiR-huiKlrcd pdiiiid sacks, uoilli $72. (»()(). and was taken to China.

Ciarrttson. Woodrnff", I'ratt iV Company shipjied by cliartered steamer May ■_".» llic lai-i^cst single order of mer- chandise ever sohl on the coast np to tlial date. The goods had been sokl hy G. A'. Hammond, traxehng salesman for the firm, to Cain Brothers, of JJhiine, and consisted of 43 cases of mis- ceUaneoMs merchandi.se. 21) rolls of car])et and 30 bundles of blankets, oilclotii, etc. It had a value of $li,()0(). Pdaine, at tliat time was in the happy enjoyment of one of the wildest booms that ever enlivened a western town. Cain Brothers, home- steaders on the townsite, built a .)()xl()(). three-story building — now used as a lodging house — bought a large stock of mer- cliandise in Tacoma and New York, brought exj)erieneed and high salaried clerks from eastern cities, opened the .store with a big celebration and — went bankrupt a few months later when tile liulil)le burst.

Garretson. AVoodruff, Pratt 6c Company iiad organized about two years liefore. William C. (iarrctson, a New York merchant, was the head of the concern and his brother. Col. Iliram F. (iarretson. the attorney, was "the com])any." W . II. ^V()()dnlt^ and I.,eroy I'latt were the otliers interested. W'oodrnH' liad come ti) Tacoma on a visit and Iliram 1'. (iarretson met him at the Tacoma Hotel, then the business community's daily fore- gathering place, the source of many a big luisiness deal and jjoli- tical movement, (rarretson invited ^Vo()(lrufi■ to his home at 1(» North E .Street, and there on the porch, and in a very sliort time. Garretson ])ersuaded Woodruff to enter the mercantile vent me. The concern's first shipment from the II. H. Ciatlin Comiiany in New ^'(lrk tilled two freiglit trains ami they came across tiie continent witii muslin banners proclaiming tiie fame of Tacoma and the consignees. It gave Tacoma considerable note. Tlie company took the south half of the I'nion Block, southeast corner of 13th Street and Pacific Avenue, which had been built by M. .F. Cogswell and .loliri S. Baker. Tiic corner was occu- pied by R. D. McDonald, the shoe dealer, who had opened there in April. 1880. and who in his many years of residence in Tacoma lias ftmctioned in manv wavs to his city's advantage.

26 HISTORY OF TACOMA

The Garretson concern built the hirge structure on the northwest corner of Pacific Avenue and 19th Street. Tliis building and that occupied bj- the \Vest Coast Grocery Com- pany have floors of a construction not often adopted. Instead of placing the joists on edge, they are laid flat, close together and joined in their grooved edges by splines. Joshua Peirce pro- vided the money for both of these buildings and advised the construction described. When he was building factories in the Philadelphia neighborhood some years before an insurance inspector came along anil ordered him not to set the joists on edge and to use the groove-and-spline method, and Peirce, much interested, accompanied him all the way to Vermont where the system was in use. Peirce thereafter followed the method in all his building.

Garretson, ^Voodruff", Pratt & Company did a A-ery large

business, but wei-e forced to the wall by the national depression,

and the Claflin Company took over the business and out of the

.wreck rose the I'eople's Store Company, now ably managed by

Charles L. Hufford and H. C. Watkins.

Tacoma Lodge of the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith was instituted on the evening of June 22 by the oflicers of the district grand lodge with the following oflicers: H. Berliner, monitor; D. P. Lewis, president; D. Germanus, vice-president; I. JNIagnus, secretary; D. Lewin, treasurer; M. Ball, assistant monitor; W. H. Zelinsky, warden; W. ]Mambach, guardian; M. Cohen, S. Jacobs and M. Broh, trustees.

A month later, another valuable addition was made to the lodge life of the community, when Tacoma Lodge 174, Benevo- lent and Protective Order of Elks, was organized. This was on the evening of July 21, 1890, District Deputy C. W. Xevins, assisted by J. H. Banfield, exalted iifler of Golden Gate Lodge Xo. 3, of San Francisco, directed the work. The organization was perfected at a meeting in the Tacoma Theatre, after which a banquet was served at the Cafe ]Metropole. The charter list: Jno. P. Chapman, A. L. Bird, Fred T. Taylor, H. M. Lillis, W. H. Reid, H. K. Moore, Ira H. Chapman, E. B. Muffley, F. H. Chandler, J. T. Hickey, J. T. Beardsley, H. C. Smith, C. E. Claypool, Mark L. Wilson. J. W. Hanna, Geo. W. Balch;

CITY BUILDERS OF THE EARLY '90s (From a print of that time)

IIISTORV (Ji' TACIJMA 27

By affiliation, 1). K. Derrickson, C. C. Carrothers, A. E. Grafton.

Tiie officers were W . H. JUiil, cxalUd riilLi'; D. K. Dcniek- son, esteemed leading knigiit; C. C. Carrothers, esteemed leading knight; Charles E. Claypool, esteemed lecturing knight; F. H. Chaiuikr, secretary; John P. Cha[)man, treasurer; and E. li. Muffley, tyler. The new lodge was the sixth of the order organ- ized on the Pacific Coast. The exalted rulers since that time have been: H. K. Moore, 31ark 1>. Wilson, D. K. Derrickson, Thomas Ilickey, D. L. Demorest, L. G. Jackson, Peter Daly, M. Willis Lawrence, S. J. Sedgwick, W. L. McDonald, C. O. Bates, John B. Fletcher, (). F. Cosper, J. S. Simpson, Fred H. Marvin. Francis Atwell, George G. Williamson. J. II. Carter, A. K. Magill. H. K. Evans, Crcorge J. xMcCarlhy, .lames \. Neil, F. B. Leslie.

Xo Christmas has passed without witnessing a generous giving by this lodge to carry joy to the eliildien of the poor. In every campaign that charity commands these lodgemen are at the front. In 1!)()1 the VAks conducted a notable carnival in Tacoma, with Miss Edith Howe as queen. They have partici- pated in all public events. They now are housed in one of the noblest lodge homes in the country, at Bi-oadway and South Seventh streets. They paid $;J0,()0() for the site and $100,000 for their building.

The membership is and in(ln(l(•^ most of the leading

business and professional men.

'i'lie Washington Parlor Match Com|>any, organized by I. H. Whipple and X. II. Whitaker, had begun operations in March, 1800, employing foui- men and six girls at its plant in the gulch below Twenty-sixth Street, and was turning out fifty gross of l-t,400 matches to the gross. All the machinery and ccpiip- mcnt of tlif plant were made in Tacoma. Whitaker, the manager, had been thirty-two years in the matcb-making business, the greater part of the time with the Diamond Match Company, and the "Silent Parlor .Miijcli" whi<-li the lirni was niatinl'actniing, was said to be the only one of its kind in the world. This eoncerri afterward was assimilated by the match ti'ust.

The Keystone Foundry and Macliinc Company. 'I'wcnty-

28 HISTOKV OF TACOMA

sixth and East G Street was employing twenty-two men and it had just pi'oduced five Roberts tSc Haines tracklaying machines and had several more under way; the fittings for the new Nichols & Crothers sash factory anil the structural iron for the National Bank of Connnerce and Dougan buildings. The Tacoma Broom Company factory on East Twenty-sixth street was making thirty dozen brooms a day. The Tacoma Furniture factory at East H and Twenty-fifth streets employed thirty men and was making- large quantities of fiuiiiture, jjrincipally of soft woods, Tbut hard wood products, were made on orders.

T\\() land cases of interest to the community came before the authorities in the summer of 1890, one involving the School Sec- tion 16 and the other the tidelands.

John C. ^NIcBride and others filed nn'ning claims and attenuated to obtain title to the school section. The attempt was branded fraudulent though it was admitted that gold could be panned fi'oni the dirt of the section in minute quantities. The estimated value of the 640 acres was -^.jO.OOO. The county com- missioners sent a surveying crew under an armed guard and said the}'- proposed to plat the land into lots and sell it.

The "miners" took the case into the courts, and it was tried in Tacoma and later was carried to the land office in Seattle where it was decided that ]McBride and his fellow argonauts were not entitled to Section 16 as mining land. Tlie news])apers made it hot for JNIcBride expressing regret that he called Tacoma his home and that his attempt to procure state school land by such a pretext likely ^vould go unpunished.

INIcBride's litigation cost the county about five thousand dollars. In order to fully determine the question whether gold existed, the county commissioners employed miners who sank a 4x6 shaft to the bottom of the glacial drift, about eighty feet, at a cost of more than eight liundred dollars. ]More than two thousand "colors" Avere found in the eartli and gravel, but the total value was only about 12i/o cents.

Mann, Joel k Manning's attack on tlie tideland titles came before the court in the form of an application for an oi-der restraining the Tacoma Land Company from continuing the improvement to the tidelands. The plaintiffs claimed title to

IIISTOm' OF TACOMA 29

the lands iiiulci- tlKir filiiij>- ol' \'alcntiiic scrijit tlu rtnii. Judge Hanfurd, of the T'cderal Court, decided that tlie script could be used in obtaining title only to such lands as had been surveyed, that liic tilings were illegal because they had been made upon unsurvextd tidrllats w liiili w t re, in fact, not recognized liy the o-Qvernnienl as lands lint wwr shown on the oHicial niaiis to be water. The case had been in the coiu'ts for some time and may be said to have had its roots in a grant made ])y Congress at the close of the Mexican war. Valentine, who in that war, had rendered the govermnent certain services, was given a land grant in California. l''or some reason or other he did not receive the lands so gi-aiitnl and latt r i>ii Congress voted Id him sci'ipt. good for filing on anv suixeyed pnliiic land. Mann later iionght the interests of his partners and sought to jjrevent tlii' land com- ])anv from dredging the channel of the Puyallup J{iver across the property claimed by him. w ith the foregoing result.

^Manager liates, of the Howers Dredging Company, in charge of the woik on the tideHats, said that his company during the yeai- that it had ticen operating, had nmxtd more than seven himdred and fifty thousand cubic yards of earth from the channels and de])osited it behind the bulkheads of i)iling, brush and stone.

The summer of "!••) i-ccnipliasi/ni the lire danger in wooden sidewalks. Many fii'es Avere started on the planking 1>\- cigar stunijjs. In August, the council i)assi-d an ordinance recpiiring new sidewalks t<i Ik- made of fire ])roof material, but the last of the wooden walks in the district prescribed ai-e not gone to this day. The annual summer fight on the water eomjjany was oi)ened August 9 by Councilman Smalley. who introduced a reso- lution accusing the company of failure to provide good water, w ilh ciiarging exorl)itant rates, in.solence to patrons: and the reso- lutions demanded that the city proceed to obtain a supply of good water to he sold at cost. Smalley found a sui)])orter in Council- man Manning and the resolution was a(lo])ted unanimously. The history of the city hall, like the thoroughfares of Tophet, is full of good resolutions.

CHAPTER LII

1890 FIRST LABOR DAY CELEBRATION FORMATION OF TACOMA

TRADES COUNCIL BEGINS "tRADE-AT-HOME" CAMPAIGN

OPPOSITION TO NEW FIRE STATION FOSTOFFICE ENTERS FIRST

CLASS AVHEELER-OSGOOD PLANT ESTABLISHED RIPLEY's WORK

IN THE EAST BANKS ACTIVE GROCERS ORGANIZE MISS

FULLER CLIMBS MOUNT TACOMA — CHURCH CORNERSTONE LAID YACHT CLUBHOUSE OPENED.

September of 1890 witnessed the first Labor Day celebration in Taconia. Its success was due to the Taconia Trades Council organized in the April before. The trades council, which later, became the Tacoma Central Labor L^nion, grew out of an attempt to build a Labor Temple — a project which has been revived many times since. Febriuu-y 4, 1890, several unionists met in the Knights of Labor Hall, one of the old frame build- ings recently torn down just north of the Berlin Building. Among them were Charles Dreese, T. F. Burns, Richard Cobb, Frank Smalley, F. Wolland. J. A. Wolfe, Xellis, E. A. Fisscher, .T. W. Fife, Frank Castle and G. L. :McMurphy. The city and the chamber of commerce were just then exchanging building sites and the opinion of some of the unionists was that the city was giving away a valuable property. They reasoned that if the city gave a site to the liusiness men it also should give a site to the laboring men, and the sentiment oi' the conference was that Labor would ask for a city building at the foot of Twelfth Street which had been used by the police and fire departments, and which now is a blacksmith shop. The cjuestion of where the title should rest led to tlie formation of the Tacoma Trades Coun- cil. Into this body were drawn the knights of labor, cigar makers, bricklayers, carpenters, stone cutters, iron moulders, tinners

30

IIISTORV OF TACO.MA 31

and IdiiL-shoremeii. Charles Dreese was made i^resident, and G. J>. .Mf .Murphy, secretary. The tailors came in at the second meeting and the printers in about a year. The stone cutters ami bricklayers withdrew for a time. The socialist labor party and the National Club, also a socialist party, for a time had delegates in the council, but later were restricted for political reasons.

At its tiiird meeting the council discussed the purchase of the water and light plant. It urged wooden Iiiock i)avcment anci pressed upon tiie city tlie need of eliminating the contract system on ])ublic work. It early began its "Trade at Home" campaign, and in [\\v fall of lSi)"J it sent out imitations lor a meeting in Olympia. out ol' which gixu tlie State Federation of I^abor, in February. 18!).'J. l-'or the first year of its organization tlie Tacoma Trades Cf)uncil liad no ])resident. A presiding otHcer was chosen for eacii meeting. Xo man could serve twice in succession. Tlie«j- retically the plan seemed good. But it failed and permanent officers were chosen.

Among tlu)se active in the early days are A. .S. Dniiiimond and Alex Coutts, now successful tailors; Robt. Turnbnil. of the longshoremen; T. F. Burns, W. II. Fehse, and Ben Ilaverkamp of the cigar makers. J. A. Wolfe, John Ilartman and Krnest Lister were delegates from the irf)n moldci-s. Ilartman served several years as a iminlKi- oi' the city council and one term as shcriir. ami is now om- of tiu- ownns ami inaiiagcrs of the Atlas Foimdry ('oiii|'aiiy. and he has cont I'ihiitcd to the C'ouinicrcial and Holary clubs much time and many ideas that have helped Tacoma. Krnest Listci', ^\h() served the trades council as secre- tary ami treasiu'cr, is now governor of the state. F. C. Clai'kc and Clias. Lilly white of the i)ainters' union are still active. An- otlui- |)i<imiiiciil union \\orker of the early days was W . A. Hyan, of the typographical union, who now holds a responsible position in tlie reclamation service under .Secretary I^ane, of the interior department, (i. L. .McMurphy, first secretary of the trades council who continued to serve in that capacity till shortly before it ceased active operations in 189.>, is still active in the car- penters' union, ami l:as been active in the building trades council.

Win n thr trades conncil liccainc (|nicsc(til in IS'.!.") tlu-ri' was 5^100 or iiiorr in tin- iiands of Trcas. .\. .S. Drninmond. W'lu'ii

32 HISTOKV OF TACOMA

the council was resuscitated in the fall of 1899, this money was ready for use. Under the leadership of F. C. Clarke, T. V. Copeland, Julius Ranimelsbm-g, Geo. V. Hill, James JNIenzies, John Ilartman and others the trades council resimied active operations.

The comicil had decided to build a fire station just north of the Tacoma Hotel. The hotel company sought to restrain this on the ground that horses and clanging bells would disturb its guests and generally damage its property, but it lost its case in the courts, and September 9, 1890, Engine Com2)any Xo. 1 moved to the new location from its old location at Xinth and C streets, Avhere some years before after much controversy a hose house had been liuilt. This old house was torn away to make room for the new city hall. The removal to A and X'^inth was to temporary quarters, and it was not imtil September 23d that James II. Berry was awarded the contract to build the substantial brick engine house that still is in use. The contract' pi-ice was $24,380.

The Tacoma school districts were consolidated Augiist jth, and the new l)oard elected Henry Drum, president : Thomas R. Brown, vice president, and C. W. jNIock, secretary.

The Tacoma postoffice entered the first class on the simimer of '90 and the postmaster's salary was increased from $2,800 to $3,100 a year. During the year the increase in business had amounted to 7-> ])er cent, wliich was .5 per cent greater than that of Seattle and was said to liave been the largest ever recorded anywhere.

The plant of the Wheeler-Osgood Company, which had l)egun o])erations in the autmnn of '89 was, in the summer of 1890 run- ning at top outjnit, employing 150 men, and just then was turning out a large amoimt of finishing material for the stations on the Spokane & X^orthern Railroad. This plant had been established to do a local business by JNIessrs. W. C. Wheeler, a Civil war veteran, and George Osgood, who had made money in the dry- goods business in Des ]Moines, Iowa. Wheeler had had expe- rience in the lumber business. When the depression deprived the plant of its local business it was confronted with the task of cre- ating a new field. Thomas E. Ripley, who joined the concern about two years after it opened, was sent to Boston, where he

IIlSTOin' OF 'I'AtO.MA 33

worked for about ten years, until l!l()2, estal)li.sliin<» new markets for Tac'onia-niade sash and doors and interior finishing. His achievements in tliose ten years were of vital importanee not onlv to his plant. l)nt to the city, and he won the hearty reco<inition of business men and salesmen everywhere \\liii knew what Ik- had accomplished. His first sale of house finishing was in Portlatul. Maine — a curious fact, as the first cargo of house-building material ship])cd to Puget Sound came from l^ortland, Maine. This was the shipment made by Lafayette lialeh to Steilacoom in the early '.)0s. M i-. W'iieeler remains in active direction of his large i)iant. thduuh \\v lias lniind time to travt-l ai)i'iia(l and to devote niiicli attrntion to ciiuicli and other affairs, and he has able aides in \'iee I'resident and General ^lanager Kipley, in Secre- tary \V. C. Wheeler, Jr., and in Treasurer Ralph W. Clarke, wlm eighteen years ago began working for the firm as an olliee l)oy. Clarke is a son of D. D. Clarke, an able engineer connected with the city's early history. Tlu- \Vheeler-0.sgood j)lant has iiin practically without cessation from tlu' da\ its first wheel turned and it has been a bulwark to the merchants of Tacoma. Its oidy shut-down, excepting for a day or so at a time Cor repairs, was when the great plant burned in the fall of liH)"J. Jiut new and better factories soon rose from the ashes. The concern now gives steady employment to about five hundred men.

The banks wcw busy and ne\\- institutions were being estab- lished. The I'uget Sound .Sa\ ings Hank was ready to o|kii its new rooms at 2422 Pacific ^Vxiiiiic. .1. H. .Sutton was president: I). S. (iarliek. cashier : (ieorge Tibhets, assistant cashier. 'I'he capital was •'^.'jO.OOO. Ail of these men were newcomers, and had fitted ii|( a \ eiy neat banking office. I"".. \. ()uiiii(tte l)ought the iSIerchants" Xational Hank |iro|)(i-ty on the noi-thwest corner (d' Pacific .\\(imc and Eleventh Street for .%)(),()()(). Three years before he had sold the property, a twenty-five-foot lot. to the bank for .*j!l().0()(). The bank was erecting a new building on the oppo- site corner.

In July the Traders' Bank voted to increase its ca|)ital from $100.()()() to .S.>()0.()0(). The baidv was two years old and liad started with a capital of $.)().()()(). August :U\ the Western Trust Company opened a ba id-; ing house with \V. ]{. .\ndrus. formerly

34 HISTORY OF TACOMA

of Clieney, president. Associated with him were John B. Reed, of Pliiladelphia, and S. Ryder, of Xew York. Bank clearances for tlie week ending July 26th amounted to $892,903.98; the sum was $348.-137.18 for the same week in 1889.

Twenty-five of the leading grocers organized. June 4th. a grocers' association, with B. F. Jossey, jDresident; A. S. Kirkpat- rick, secretary: A. H. Healey, treasurer: C. X. Hale, first vice president: C. Ebert, second vice president: and G. B. ]Monty, third vice president. The ambition of this body was to defeat dead beats. Almost simultaneously the Jobbers' Protective Association was organized, with I^eRoy Pratt, president; Charles E. Hale, vice president, and S. G. Crandell, treasurer. Its objects were "to prevent settlement of insolvent debtors without the fullest investigation : to resist all inequitable and fraudulent settlements, and to bring about joint action in the collection of debts other than in ordinary cf)urse of business." There was need of these jirotective bodies. The period of inflation had brought to the northwest a great number of adventurers.

Early on June 14th the Tacoma Cracker Comiiany's factorj'^ at 938 C Street, and an adjoining lodging house, were destroyed by fire. Before the flames were under control, the company had arranged to use the idle factory of Sutcliff & Sawyer, at 2137 Jefferson Avenue. Fires were lighted beneath the boilers and that evening the company was ready to supply its jiatrons with 5.000 loaves of bread. The company employed forty persons. A few days later C. M. Johnson's sash factory burned. Avith a loss of $60,000. Fire Chief Lillis had just been provided with a horse and wagon by the council, and was enabled to reach fires more quickly. Up to this time the fire chief had commandeered any vehicle that was handy and if none was handy he ran.

Tacoma architects organized July 15 a chapter of the Amer- ican Institute of Architects, with G. W. Bullard. president: A. L. Smith, vice president; S. A. Cook, secretary: William Farrel. treasurer, and H. S. Kissam, J. S. Saimders and E. F. Ruehr, board of directors.

Miss Fay E. Fuller, daughter of Edward Fuller, proprietor of the Every Sunday of Tacoma, and herself the society editor of that publication, was the first woman to ascend ]\Iount Tacoma.

TTTSTOTn' OF TA( 0:srA 35

The ascent was made on the afternoon of August 9th, ^liss Fuller carrying her hlaiikets to the fop oi' tin mountain where the nigiit was passed in the crater. Slie was a niend)er of a jiarty organ- ized by Kev. K. C. Smith, of Seattle, and l^en I>oiigniire was the guide. Upon the return of the i>arty ^liss Fuller wrote Taconia friends that she was ""ijerfectly satisfied, hut oh. it was Iiard work!"

August K! C. P. Culver received a full set of meteorological instruments which he placed on the top of the Gross IJuilding. The station was in telegraphic communication with San Fran- cisco and sent and received weather rejiorts.

The corner stone of the Second Presbyterian Cluucli. Xurtli •J and Xinth streets, was laid August 22, by H. O. liall. Revs. J. Osmond, Pastor MacCJuiic. Thdiiias .Sims. Thumas A. Wilson and li. S. JNIcLafferty conducted the services before a large audience, but a much larger crowd gathered at the baseball park the same day to sec Ilagal make a balloon ascension and j)ara- chute drop. The balloon, which was a small imc filled with hot ail-, rose some eiglit huiidicd I'ctt and drifted towards the bay. ITagal came to the gi'ound near Tacoma Avenue. This was the first balloon ascension at Tacoma.

The following Saturday the Tacoma \'aciit Club opened its new club house on ^laury Island. The house cost about three thousand five liundred and fifty dollars, and mori' tliaii one thou- sand dollars Mas spent in im])roving the grounds and dock. The club's fleet consisted of the Escort, Daisy. Av\v\. Lillian. McFai'cn, Oak and otiu r boats. It had fiftv-f'our members.

CHAPTER LIII

1890 — FIGHT BETAVEEN CAR COMPANIES 0\T:R STREET — CABLE LINE CONTRACT LET BILL NYE ORDERED INTO COURT GRANDILO- QUENT NISQUALLY CITY LARGE REAL ESTATE DEALS DAUNT- LESS LODGE, K. OF P., ORGANIZED NEAT CHARTER OPPOSED BY

LABOR HANDLE DEFEATS RICE FOR MAYOR KANDLE's AP- POINTMENTS HAYDEN RESIGNS FROM COUNCIL FORBES RE- FUSES TO SURRENDER OFFICE.

Late in August, 1890, tlie Central Street Railway Company distributed rails and ties along Sixth Street from K Street to Division Avenue and jjrepared to lay a single track. The Tacoma Railway & Motor Company also had a franchise over the street and September 1st put 200 men at work laying a double track. Under cover of darkness Geiger & Zabriske, contractors for the Central people, gathered a small force of laborers and began laying track in the center of the street from both ends of the line. The rival company tore up the track early the next morning. Then both sides hurried to court for injunctions.

The Central people beat their rivals to the courthouse and procured the first injunction, and proceeded with track-lay- ing ^\hen the workmen of the motor company interfered and another race was made to the court, warrants were sworn out and arrests were made. Officers informed the rival camps that work must stop until the court could reach a decision. A squad of police went on guard and both sides rested on their arms. When the case came to issue in court the Central Comjiany retired and the ]Motor Company continued the work.

The contract for the double-track cable road on Thirteenth Street was awarded September 5th to E. Saxton, of San Fran- cisco. September 13th a petition to the council from property

36

IIISTOin' OF TACO.MA 37

owners alonff A, Eleventh and K streets asked that the Tacoma Railway cS.: .Motor Company he permitted to l)nild a helt line road from the power house on A Street northward to Eleventh, up Eleventh to K, southward on K to Thirteenth and down Tiiir- teenth to the power house, the loop line to be a single track instead of double tracks as the franchise specified. The petition was granted, and the work thus was carried out.

It was considered discourteous and disloyal to tlie community in that day to ijcrmit a distinguished stranger to depart without t;ikiiig him out to look at real estate additions, which stretched from the reservation to the setting sun, with an elastic and far- reaching soullu in boundary which .jusl at this time had reached Xisqually City, where Du Pont now lies and which, at that early day. was being pictured by its ambitious owners as a great city in process of birth, liill Xye lectured in the Tacoma Theater -March 29, and the next morning, which was Sunday, F. F. Lacey took him for a drive into one of the new residence additions.

The recently graded street' was muddy. Along it ran a new twelve-foot board sidewalk and I^acey. witli much to siiow to i?ill. and needing time, essayed to hasten tiie journey l)y driving upon it. They were rattling along the walk right merrily, much to Xye's delight, when a mounted policeman came in hot ])ursuit and ordered them to a|i|)ear in anwi tlie next day. Lacej' a|)|nal((i t(i tlie eliief of police and both lie and Xye esca])ed trial. While playing at the Tacoma early in March, Emma Juch in- vested -Si, 000 in Tacoma real estate under the direction of 3Ian- ager Ilanna of the theater. She gave Haima discretion to sell and April 10 he sent her a cheek for .'i^'i.OOO.

The X'is(|iially City enterprise, (jiiite L;rotts(|ne in its massive- ness, was the child of the Xiscjually City Land, Railway & Xavi- yation Company, eapital ."^l .000. 000. and its Cull jiage advertise- ments showed the X'orthern Pacific and I'nioii I'acific railway tt'niiinals there, with trains on the tracks, smelters, limiber mills and nietroiiolitaii buildings, and fli'ets of vessels on the Sound. The comp.my in 1800 sold in one day 200 lots at $1.') for residence lots, and $.)0 for the best business locations, with free lots to those who would build at once. The longevitv of fir, even when ex-

38 HISTORY OF TACOMA

posed t'o the weathev, is demonstrated by the fact that very recently a Taeonian picked up on the site of Nisqually City a corner stal^e which once had served the town boomers, and it was in a fair state of preservation. The "city" melted into oblivion with the depression of the middle '90s, but those who bought there at least retained the memories of a lurid literature.

One of the heaviest real estate transfers of the year was made September 19th when H. C. Clements deeded 100 acres and 800 lots near the Xorthern Pacific car shops in South Tacoma to the Excelsior Land Company for $270,000. Real estate had been moving rapidly. Some of the larger transfers were: John E. Burns to Peter A. Jordan, lot .5 and part of lot 4, block 1907. $1.5.000: E. Butcher et ux. to J. A. Parker, lots 15 and 16, block 1311, $13,000; E. A. Pritchard et al., to Standard Loan & Invest- ment Company, lots 1, 2, and 3, block 212, $1.5,500; L. W. Gammon to Allen C. Mason, lots 7 to 10, block 1001, $35,000; A. E. Chm-ch et ux. to James W. Reynolds, one-half of lot 6, block 1806, $7,580; Washington Building Association to L. H. Boardman, lots 5 and 6, block 407, $9,600; Washington Building Association to George H. Boardman. lot 12 and 15 feet of lot 11, block 3509, $6,600; Charles Glockler to Ellen E. Houghton et al., lot 14, block 1506, $8,500; Emma J. ]Mc]Manis and husband to A. Elliott, lots 4 and 5, block 913, $10,000; A. L. Runge to Tessie Runge, lots 9 and 10, block 1308. Xew Tacoma, $8,000; W. B. Anderson to ^Margaret Stockard, lot 16, block 1709, $7,000; Albert T. Collier to T. F. Hardenbergh, undivided half of lots 5 and 6, block 905, $13,000; James ]M. Dougan et ux. to James W. Reynolds et al., lot 4, block 1003, $51,000; James W. Reynolds to J. M. Dougan, lots 8 and 2, block 1806, $26,000; John P. Hovey to J. H. Lotz, lot 6, block 1511, $7,000; W. J. Thompson et ux., to John S. Baker, lots 2 and 3, block 1104. $60,000; J. C. Hewitt to W. B. Blackwell, lot corner South Fifth and D streets. $16,000: Peter Leclair to John W. Morrison, lot 10, block 2305, $12,000; Tacoma Land Company to John G. Campbell, lots 11 and 12. block 1904. Tacoma Land Company fourth addition, $15,000; Annie E. Church to James Dougan, lot 7, block 1806. $13,000: Tacoma Opera House Company to Tacoma Theatre Company, lots 1. 2. 3. 4. 5, and 6. block 906, $200,000: Willard X.

IllS'l'Oin' OF TACO.MA 39

Pratt to Thoinpson-Pratt Grocery Company, lot on .\ and Soutli Fourtcfiith streets. $02,000: Celia R. ^Voodniff to ^lyroii Ward, lots l.'J and 1 (■, l)l()fk .3, .Yl'.»,777; J-. J"-. Saini)son t(j Frank Dreytr. lots 1 and 2, block 1310, .*i«8.000; A. J. Littlcjolin to xVnios Tullis. lot ].*}, block 1304, $22,000.

Danntlcss I^odyc Xo. l.>9, Knights of Pythias was organ- ized August 23 by Past Grand Chancellor Forbes for the District of Washington. It was tlie fourth K. of 1'. lodge organized in the city, and its officers were E. A. Jasson, C. C; J. A. Ilealcy. V. C: A. F. Jk'uker, Prelate; C. G. Lawrence, ^I. A.; IMiilii]) ^leagher, K. S.; F. G. Butger, M. F.; and A. W. Woodward, M. K. The Royal Arcanum oiganized a lodge in September, with W. E. Harworth as regent ; U. G. Wynkoop, \ice regent ; William B. Coflfee, orator; B. F. Jossey, past regent; E. C. Hall, secretary: C. .T. Fung, collector: A. V. Eastman, treasurer: .T. W. Watkins. chaplain, John R. Fusselman, guide; A. II. Ilealy, warden. Shortly before this thirty Tacoma Englishmen met in Foresters' li;ill and organized Rainier Ixjdge, Sons of St. George, with 1{. Cochrane as chairman. Anotlier event of impor- tance to lodge men was the laying of the corner stone of the Danish Brotherhood Building at East I) and Twenty-sixth streets. Tiie brotherhood numbered sixty-five meml)ers. Tiie l)uilding. .30 by 90 feet, and of three stories, cost about thirty-five thousand dollars.

The steamer Alice Blanchard was launched from the St. Paul \: Tacoma Lumber Comjjany ways at 3:-i.5 P. ^I. Se])tendier 27th. Her keel had been laid in April. She was I.jO feet in length, 28 feet beam, and 11'- feet deep. She liad a registered tonnage of 7.)0 and was intended for Puget Sound trade. Capt. Gage AVIieeler became her first master. The Tacoma Mill Company liad sawed the keelson for the steamer. 1 1 was 13.5 feet in length, 24 inches wide and 18 inches thick.

The following month the St. Paul & Tacoma Lumber Com- I)any shipi)e(l what was said to have been the largest single order of InmbiT ever made from the state. It consisted of between one linndrcd and scv cnly-fiv c tlions.-nid ami I wo jimidrcd tlioiisjuid feet of liridge timbers, and went to the Hamilton Bridge Com- pany of Keoknk. Iowa, on twenty-two cars.

iO HISTORY OF TACOMA

In the latter part of October, 1890, SannJson & Stevens shipped what was reported to have been the first carload of Puget Sound apples sent out of the state. They w^ere grown on San Juan Island and were shipped to Billings, Mont. Several other large shipments followed.

The charter commission had completed its work and had drafted what its members believed was a document well suited to the rapidly growing city, but it met the opi)osition of those who favored a truly popular government. The Tacoma Trades Council October 11th adopted resolutions urging workingmen to ojjjjose the adoption of the charter asserting that it centralized too nnich power in the mayor, and would not insure a govern- ment of, by, and for, the jjeople. The charter enabled the mayor to api^oint about two-thirds of the municii:)al officers, it was charged. The salaries of the appointive officers were said to be too liigh wliile those of the councilmen were too low, thus prevent- ing the election of laboring men to the council b}' making it impossible for them to fulfil the duties at the salaries paid. The workingmen also opposed street improvements by contract and favored doing the work by day labor.

The charter changed the date of election from ]May to October and jNIayor Stuart Rice's term was cut short, for at the election October 16, the charter carried by a vote of 2,7"23 to 7'26, and George B. Kandle was elected to succeed Rice. The republicans elected every one of their nominees. The vote is sho^vn: JNIayor, George B. Kandle, 2,G77; Stuart Rice, 1.89.5; Comptroller, J. H. Houghton, 2, .545; Sanmel C. Slaughter, 2.090; Treasurer, George W. Boggs, 2,543; Grattan H. Wheeler, 2,116. Police Judge, Emmett N. Parker, 2.733; George W. VanFossen, 1,878. City Physician, Dr. F. L. Goddard, 2,658; Dr. Charles JMcCutchen, 1,924. Councilmen — First Ward, Ed. S. Orr, 255; Howard Carr, 285; Frank A. Smalley, 180; Frank P. :\IcLaughlin, 170. Second Ward, O. B. Hayden, 977; M. S. Hill, 843; Alexandei- Parker, 576; W. F. Snyder, 492. Third Ward, H. H. Warner, 799; R. J. Meath, 791; Conrad L. Hoska, 660; Frank Castle, 603. Fourth Ward, C. M. Johnson, 580; H. C. Berryhill, 493; B. E. Bertelson, 355; H. A. Pfeifer, 348; total vote cast. 4,968. The republicans issued a call for a big parade in celebration of

I^IS'^()H^• or tacoma 41

the "downfall of the democracy mihI requested all paraders to bring all the noise niakiiin- instriinuiils thty could find; also lai-ge siii)[)lifs of rice ])uddiiig.

'I'iie campaign iiad been soniewliat vigorously conducted. Mayoi' IJiee was accused of being too friendly to the land com- pany and the railroad because he previously had bctii employed by them, luit tin main issue was the everlasting tariff! .Judge Calkins was a candidate for the United States Senate and his backers did not want to convey his boom before the Legis- lature under tiie incubus of having it said that Tacoma was a democratic city. And so both sides went at it hammer and tongs with "turn the rascals out"" as one of the slogans Inr tlie "imts." Kice had made a good mayor and had started several movements of municipal value, but in that day a party victory often was moi'e important than any other consideration. Itice was, how- ever, succeeded in the mayor's chair by a loyal citizen of sound intelligence in Kandle. As the political .student compares the old-faslii<iiied party elections with tlie modern, witli its \aiious appurtenances aimed at assisting the M)ler in saving hiuisell' from hini.self, the question quite naturally ri.ses whether the old system did not bring out stronger candidates than now are brought out. But idealists have faith that the new regime, after its newness has worn away, will no longer re])el the city's strong men from a desire for public honor and ])ublic service.

At noon Xovember 4th the council turned the city go\ irnment over to its successors, and M. S. Hill was elected president. Foiu- days later Mayor Kandle piesented the following a])pointments. all of which were coidirmed, the councilmen and citizens compli- menting the mayor on his selections: Health Officer, Dr. H. 1'. Tuttle: Police Chief, W. 1'. Zwickcy. Fire Chief. H. M. Lillis: Board (if Public Works. Byron Hai-low. .1. I'. Ilodgins and Colin Mcintosh: Hoard of I'ark Commissioners, Cieorge Brown, T. M. Anderson. F. I. Mead, Hemy Drum, .James ]M. Steele; Harl)or ^Master. (J. '!'. FiiKjuist; l''red T. Taylor was elected city comp- troller, .1. II. Houghton liaving refused to (lualify. Steele declined to serve and A. N. I'ltch \\as gi\cn his place on the park board. Thi- new charter gave the ronneil |)o\\( r to fix salaries, a task which it undertook on such metropolitan heights, that it

^2 HISTOKV OF TACOMA

had to make reductions only a few days after its first attempt, and jjass a new ordinance which allowed councilmen, $300 each; mayor, -$3,000; clerk, $1,800; assistant clerk, $1,000; comptroller, $2,400; treasurer, $3,600; attorney, $2,.500; assistant attorney, $1,000; police judge, $2,000; clerk of the police court, $1,000: each member of the board of public works, $2,400; city physician, $1,800; fire chief, $1,800; chief of police, $1,800; harbor master, $1,000; port warden. $300; health officer, $1,200.

]Mayor Kandle appointed W. F. Zwickey chief of police and S. C. :\Iilligan city attorney. The W. C. T. U. asked the council to close the saloons on Sundays. The ]\Iinisterial Alliance made a similar petition and a citizens' committee followed with a widely signed petition to tlie same end. The council seemed to be deaf.

Chief Zwickey immediately discharged fifteen policemen to make jjlaces for republicans and Chief Lillis made similar changes on the fire department.

The council's first essay at public improvements was to order plank pavements on Xinth, Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Thir- teenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth streets between A and Pacific Avenue.

The city lost the services of an able man of integrity and geniality when INIaj. O. B. Hayden resigned from the council. He found after his election that he could not gi\'e the time neces- sary to the work. After trying for several weeks to elect a man in Hayden's place the council appealed to the republican com- mitteemen of the Second Ward and they selected H. C. Clement. INIayor Kandle ajipointed R. L. Robertson Iniilding inspector. Outgoing Inspector John Forbes assisted him in fixing up an office and tlien refused to relinquish his post. City Attorney Milligan, Acting Chairman ]McIntosh, of the board of public works, and iwo policemen took forcil)le possession of the furni- ture and papers, and turned them over to Robertson. Forbes alleged that his term did not expire until the end of the period for which he had been elected, which would be in the following May. The attorney rej^lied that the new charter had vacated the office. In the following February Mayor Kandle ousted Chief of Police Zwickey, charged with drunkenness, and Capt. L. D.

IIISTOHV OF TACOMA

43

Ellis was appointed. Ellis had been in the city thirteen years, two years of that time on the police force.

The republican state convention met in the Taeonia Theater September 2(Uh with all eoimties, except Skamania, represented, and Colonel Haines nominated John L. AVilson to succeed hun- self as representative in Congress. Harmony prevailed.

CHAPTER LIV

1890 — FORMATION OF LADIEs' MUSICAL CLUB — UNIVERSITY GLEE CLUB — ORPHEUS CLUB — ST. CECILIA CLUB ESTABLISHED — FRANKLIN K. X^NE BECOMES EDITOR OF DAILY NEWS — WINS BRIDE HERE — JOHN CONNA AND THE HAM — ACTIVITY OF THE AVALLACES — ALLEN & LAMBORN's BEGINNINGS — ATTEMPT TO CLIMB WEST SIDE OF MOUNTAIN — YOUNG MEN's CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION RAISES $100,000 — STARTING OF MASON METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH — MASON's MUMMY — PRESIDENT HARRISON

VISITS TACOMA — CLERKS FIGHT FOR EARLY^ CLOSING AND FAIL

CARR LOSES LAND SUIT — TRAGEDY OF CASPER WITT's LEG — LARRY KELLY, NOTORIOUS SMUGGLER CAPTURED.

An event that has had incalculable influences for good was the formation October 16, 1890, at the home of Col. C. W. Griggs, 401 North Tacoma Avenue, of the I^adies' Musical Club, with Mrs. Frank Allyn, wife of Judge Allyn, as president; JMrs. Emily Ramsdell, vice president; Miss Heartie Griggs, now Mrs. George C. Wagner, treasurer; Mrs. Albert S. Brisbine, secretary. Mrs. Allyn had figured prominently in music ever since she had come to Tacoma from Keokuk, Iowa, in 1887, when her husband was apjiointed territorial judge by President Cleve- land. One day INIrs. Allyn, Mrs. Brisbine and Mrs. Griggs met at the Tacoma Hotel and in the course of a conversation covering the musical condition of Tacoma resolved to form a Ladies' Musical Club and the gathering at the Griggs home was the result. It was one of the first women's musical clubs west of the Mississippi River, and probably the first one on the coast. Seattle and Bellingham women adopted the Tacoma plan when they organized in later years.

A San Francisco club was not formed for five years after the

44

ITISTOin Ol" I'ACO.MA 45

Tat'dina organizatidii. The Tacoiiia C'liilj quickly gathered more than one hundred active members and about the same number of associates. It has had its prosperous and (hdl seasons and many (hdicidties. but lias maintained its integrity continu- ously, an<l in its twi iity-li\ e years ol' existence lias l)ecn not (Mily a patron. Imt a pioducer of good music, one of its finest achieve- ments being its latest — an Indian musical program last April in the Tacoma Theatre under the direction of Jason Moore.

At the time of the club's organization, the musical people were especially active, as a New ^'ork woman, ^liss Strauss,- was putting on a Kirmess with 200 boys and girls, under the auspices of tlic 1 -ciid-a-IIanil League for the benefit of a lioiiie for homeless women, and tiic rniKJ italized $700.

The Lend-a-IIand League was incorporated and the otTieers and incorjjorators were, ^Nlrs. K. T. 3Iiles, president; Lottie Ben- nett, vice president; Maggie P. Shank, secretary; ITattie W. Barto, Emma Campbell, Florence L. Clifford, Martha P. Baker, ;Mary A. Cromwell. Kate A. Yeazell, Belle K. Heichenbach, Kate L. Hopkins, Mary B. Ely and A. 11. W . Hayiior.

The forerumier of the Orpheus Club was the University Glee Club which in 1801 began a career of pleasurable worth to Tacoma. it was composed of W. A. Bull, H. S. (iriggs. T. J. Ilandforth, J. M. Bunn, W. A. Sternberg, F. W. Wolfe, P. W. Dakin. W. E. Bowen, J. C. Anderson, R. G. Walker, E. G. Griggs, E. I. Ilalstead, W. E. Simi)son, G. W. White, C. S. Crowell. li. Blatchley, H. H. Joy, Bali)h S. Stacy and C. B. Stackpf)le. Some members of this club are still singing, and sev- eral of them assisted Kieth J. Middleton when in lOO.'J he called a meeting of men interested in music, in St. Luke's Parish house. Among those at tlu- niceting were T. .1. Ilandforth. .John Smith, Charles Crowell, L. R. :Maybin. Louis W. Pratt. S. E. Tucker, Dr. B. S. Scott. O. C. Whitney. Dr. R. S. \Villiams and W. A. Bull. Many others were brought in and the first concert given was in the First Presbyterian Church, lor the benefit of the family of William B. Gibbons, who was drowned when the Clal- lam sank in tlie Straits of l-'nca I'\broary ."{. 100k Immediately after this the club was named '■()ri)heus." I>. W. Pratt was the first jjicsidrnt. The first soloists who sang with the club were

46 HISTORY OF TAC03IA

INIiss Louise Dewey, now 3Irs. J. Austin Wolbert, and G. JMagnus Schutz. Kieth J. IMiddleton was made director. Pianist John J. Elackniore and ]Miss Clara Lewys were introduced at the second concert in 1905. ]May 25 and 26, the Orj^heus Chib, with the Ai-ion Ckib, of Victoria, the St. CeciKa Ckib, Ladies' JNIusical Ckil), Tacoma Saengerbund, and the Tacoma Phil- harmonic Orchestra gave a May Festival in the Tacoma Theatre that attracted much attention. At the Xorthwest JMusic Teachers' Convention in Seattle in 1908 the Orpheus Club was the only organization given the honor of providing a full musical program. The soloists were ^Irs. Grace Bradley Tallman and Dr. A. Draper Coale, tenor. In 1909 it sang with Damrosch's Xew York Symphony Orchestra. July 20, 1910, it gave its first Stadium concert. Among other solists of distinction who have sung or played with the club have been JNIiss Eunice Prosser, Charles Derbyshire, ]\Ime. Hesse-Sprotte, Signer Risegari, John C. Monteith, Mrs. Frederick A. Rice, Fritz Kloeper, H. T. Hanlin, Lottie Ashby Othick and Mrs. Chandler Sloan. Fred- eric ^lottet has been honorary president of the club from its beginning.

The fine recejjtion which the public gave to the work of the Ladies' jMusical Club encouraged the organization of another of equal worth, the St. Cecilia Club named after a notable Xew York City society. The "Saints," as they have become popularly kno^ii, was organized X'^ovember 15, 1894, in the studio of Herbert Jov. bv ]Mrs. A. D. Bull. JNIiss Winifred Cunmiings and IVIrs. H. J. ]\Ianny. Mrs. Bull was made president, ]Mrs. J. Vincent Browne, vice i^resident; secretary, Mrs. Manny; trea- surer. Miss Flora Warden; librarian. Miss Mattie Baker (now Mrs. Arthur G. Prichard) . Herbert H. Joy, who was organist at the First Congregational Church, was elected as director. June 6, 1895, the club gave its first concert in Chickering Hall. In 1899, it gave a notable concert in the Tacoma Theatre with Signor Foli, a brother of ]Mrs. E. A. Harger, as soloist. G. W. Morris was the second director. Mr. Joy, Miss Cummings and Mrs. Bull all died in the same year — 1905. The organization began wth twenty-four women in the chorus and it now has more than forty. The club has delighted thousands of persons

« :: -

H ^

IIISTOin' OI' I'ACOMA -47

and it tntitiiiiies its gi)0(l work iiiidt i- the direction of Mrs. li. li. HnidiiKll. president; Mrs. T. \V. Little and ]\Irs. Ilarrv Miek- letliwaite, vice presidents; Mrs. C. P. Gammon and Mrs. Carr, secretaries; 3Irs. Randall S. U'illianis, librarian; Mrs. Manrice I.antiiiornc and Mrs. Charles Evans, executive committee. Its ])resent director is JNIadame Hesse-Sprotte, a musician of dis- tinguished aliility.

Thomas Scantlin for some time had been interested with Richard Roediger and William Mclntyrc in the Kvening News, hut in Deceniher of IHDO lie resigned his editorshii) and was succeeded by Franklin K. I.ane, now secretary of the interior. Lane was a democrat of enthusiasm and a man of faith in the West. lie put into the News' pages not only the vigor of his political beliefs tint a new o])timism, — and Lane was no more l)roud of his editoiial eohimn that he Avas of marching in a demo- cratic ])arade and of preaching his democracy from the stump. In truth he was something of a si)ellbinder. He made many fi-iends, and he won a hiide lure. -She was Miss Annie Claire Wintermute. Tiny wci-e married April 12, ISO.'J. at tlu' liome of Dr. .J. S. Wintermute. hy Dr. Dean Richmond Hahl)itt. rector of Trinity Episco])al Chnreli.

Lane really got his start in national polities here in 181)1, when he l)egan a cami)aign to bring the Democratic National Convention td 'raeoina. The energy with wliieh he carried it on aroused the envy of San Francisco, which undertook to bring the Republican National Convention to that city, even offering to pay all expenses. San Francisco opened a biu'cau in Wash- ington, D. C but at that Lane ])roeured as much advertising for Tacoma as San Francisco won. Lane, in that eami)aign, was thrown in contact witli |)nliticians of national imte, and it was nut many years before he. too, l)ecame a national tigure.

Sixty colored men organized the Washington Protective T-eague in the Sons of A'cterans' Hall on Railroad Street on Christmas Day. 18!)0, to advance the interests of the negroes. It elected .Tolm Conna ])resident. Coima was employed by Allen C. Mason and was well known almnt town. He is said to have Iieeii the originator of a letoit which made the following stor}' famous and whieh still is running througli the press: He was

48 HISTORY OF TACOMA

sent by ]Mr.s. iNIason to Uhlinan's Market (now the Butler Hotel, A and 9th streets) after ham. ^ha. JNIason was not pleased with it and returned it. The butcher undertook to convince Conna that the ham was desirable. "It's fine, and perfectly cured," he declared. "Well," replied Conna, "if it was cured it sho'ly has had a relapse."

A recapitulation for 1890 showed that in Tacoma manufac- turing- industries the capital emijloyed amounted to $7,83.5,000; persons employed, 4,644; monthly payroll, $250,030; value of output, $9,912,000. Business blocks erected or under construc- tion, had a frontage of 4,401 feet and a cost of $3,684,000. They ranged from one to six stories in height and cost from $1,000 to $7-50,000 — the latter figin-e representing the estimated cost of the Tacoma Land Company Hotel then under construction on the present site of the Stadium High School. The real estate trans- fers for the year amounted to $14,720,858.57. December was largest with $2,560,306, and February the lightest with $867,- 489.89.

Among the last building permits issued in 1890 was that for a $40,000 four-story brick and stone structure on lots 1, 2, 3 and 4, block 1203, at 12th and A streets, to H. C. and T. B. Wallace. Pickles & Sittton were the architects. The AVallaces were active and intelligent citizens of great worth to Tacoma. T. B. Wal- lace, known as Tom. died a few years ago. H. C, whom the community knows as Hugh, married the daughter of United States Chief Justice Melville Fuller, and they have spent much of their time in Washington City. Mr. Wallace has retained and increased his Tacoma interests, and he has been of much value to Tacoma not only as a builder, but in a political and diplomatic way. He has won a national position in the demo- cratic party and repeatedly has been mentioned for cabinet and other high posts. A sister, Xettie, is the wife of John H. Wil- liams, who came to Tacoma about ten years ago as an editorial writer for the Ledger. Quitting that post he wrote and pub- lished "The Mountain that was God," the first comprehensive work on Mount Tacoma. Later he i)ublished "The Guardians of the Columbia," and his latest and best work is a carefully annotated edition of "Canoe and Saddle," the famous story by

IIISTOHV OF TACOMA 49

Theodore Wiutlirop, covering his northwest joiiriR-y in 1 «.)•_'. The Walhiee Jiiiiidiiig, at 12th and A streets, served as post oHice for a time, was tiie birthphxce of the Evening Call and the Taeoma Tribune, and is now occupied hy Fitzhenry, auctioneers, while the second lloor is the printing establishment of xVllen & Laniborn, and thereby hangs a tale.

Kthaii ^Vllen and Frank Lanil)orn grt w ii|) together in Lex- ington, Mo., learned tiie printing trade in Allen's father's office, came West in '1)0, worked on ihv Seattle ])aper.s for a wliile and came to Taeoma in 1801 with their savings and started a piinting oiKce on the fifth Hoor of the Fidelity IJuilding before it was completed. They were the first tenants in the structure above the ground floor. Later they moved to the rear of the building on the northwest corner of 11th Street and Pacific ^Vvenue, and, when the siieriff sold out the Houghton ])laiit in the Wallace Hlock in 1897, they bought it and moved their effects in. In 18'J4 .VUen, George I^. Dickson, Oscar Xuhn and five others attem])tcd to climli tlir west side of the mountain. I'lillDwing the trail which A'aii 'rrniiii) and Bayley had taken in l.S!)2 when they reached the peak from that side, and Bayley nearly lost his life in the descent by falling into a crevice. The Alien party reached an altitude of 13,000 feet and had to turn back.

In that day there was neither railroad nor decent wagon road, and a journey to the monntains was gruelling. Allen was made superintendent of the moimtain ])ark in 1912, serving three years. Laniborn was appointed state printer in 1912 and is still in tliat position.

.lanuai'v 1, 1891. tiie telephone company had (>.)() inslrnnuiils, employed eleven men and ten girls, -tuid was prejjaring to Imild a liiie to Portland. The gross receipts of |iostofHee foi- 1890 was $9.),.5.'U.'.K): net |-eceii)ls. STl.rJTl .9.). Tin- olliet' .inst then was out of two-cent stamps.

The y. M. C. A. celebrated the .\\w Year by holding a meeting in the Citizens National Bank liuilding, at which Secre- tary Meyer announced that the building fund had jjassed the $100,000 mark by $2,184. In .Inly the association had begun a campaign for a luw building, and success was assured. The l-"irst \oi-wtgian Lntlician Clinirli, (Jii I Street between r_'tli and

50 HISTORY OF TACOMA

13th, was dedicated February 8th by Reverend Tindgjerd, of Porthmd, assisted by the Reverends Langeland, of Utsalady; R. S. Tollefson, Port Townsend; E. C. Tollefson, Tacoma, and Anuindson, of Fairhaven. Forty Tacoma musicians met Feb- ruary 8th and organized the Musicians' Mutual Protective Union of Tacoma. The trustees of the Pubhc Library organized with W. J. Thompson, president: John JNlayo Pahner, treasurer, and H. H. Warner, secretary. Clinton A. Snowden was requested to plan a series of lectvn-es for the benefit of the institution, and the trustees decided to reduce the dues from $1 to 2.5 cents a month. A short time later, April l"2tli. ]Mason Chapel, on Proctor Street, at .32d Street, was dedicated by Rev. Dr. Samuel JNIoore, presiding elder, assisted by several ministers, and a debt of $1,410.30 was liquidated by the audience. This was the begin- ning of ]Mason ]M. E. Church which, in 1911, built a handsome church home on X. 28tli Street, at a cost of $37,000. Frederick Heatli was the architect. W. P. Hopping has been suj)erinten- dent of the Sunday School since the church was established in jNIarch, 1891. The first minister was Rev. C. C. Fulmer, thf)ugli Horace Williston, city missionary, served for some time before Fulmer was called. The church was given its name in lionor of Allen C. ]Mason, his mother in Illinois and his sister, Mrs. Letitia Quine, who was the first medical missionary sent to China from that state. ]Mason gave the lots for the church which was built by Daniel P. Hopping, father of W. P., at a cost of $2,624. The Hoppings, Geo. F. Whittey, E. M. Wynkoop, yiis. Romulus Smith and daughter Elizabeth, George Tuesley, wife and motlier. and AV. L. Brotherton were some of the organ- izers, and about two years later Edwin Cxregory joined it. He and Hojiping have been an irrepressible team ever since. To them is due largely the ne^^' church, which was built in the pastorates of Rev. James A. Sutton and Rev. F. L. Baldwin. The present pastor. Rev. Robert H. Reid, has attracted many to the church by his kindliness and capacity.

Allen C. Mason and liis wife had just returned from a trip around the world, and July 9th a mummy wliich ^Nlason had bought in Egypt arrived in Tacoma and was placed on exhibition for the benefit of the ]Mason Chapel. Tlie ]Mason ]Mummy, as

II1S■1'{)K^ OF TACOMA 51

it was called, came iioiii Al)y{lo.s. I^<iyi)l, was estimated tn he 3,.}00 years old and cost about three Iniiidred dollars laid down in Tacoma. In life his miimmysliip was a prophet. The mummy is wdw in the Feny .Museum.

The mummy's name in life was ■Ankli 1 nnolei " and soon after its coining a clul) ol' unmarried men look tiie name. Sher- man Mason, XN'ilhur C. Kaleigii, former city engineer, H. A. Armstrong and otiiers were among the orgam'/ers, and its mem- hershij) ineluded in later years James Xortli, the cartoonist, \Verner Kupp, now pui)lisher of the Aberdeen World, G. H. Kalcigh and other well-known men in the younger set.

President Benjamin Harrison saw Tacoma in a pouring rain. May G, 1891. C. W. Griggs was grand marshal of the sodden j)arade. W. II. Calkins was chairman of the reception commit- tee anil he welcomed the President at the train. Calkins and Ilarii.son were old friends, having been neighbors in Indianapo- lis, (iross Bros.' store entrance was decorated and arranged for a speakers' stand. Governor Ferry, General Spragne. and Pres- ident HarrLson spoke very briefly, .\fterward the President cop.fided to a friend his inability to understand how people could remain in the rain to hear anybody s])eak. He thought some- body should send the children home, out of the wet streets. John AVanamaker and Secretary Rusk, who were in the presidential l)aity. were introduced by Judge .iVllyn. JNIeantime INIrs. Harri- son was being entertained at a recei)tion, but she, too, was much disturbed by the "Oregon mist."

The retail clerks, who had been conducting a long eam])aigii i'or <) o'clock closing, announced their success .Jaiuiaiy 3d. Tiiey had ])ersuaded most of tlie dry goods and clothing estalilishments to adopt the new order, they said, but a week iatei- tlu' retail merchants met in tlie Tacoma Hotel and resolved to elos'/ at H. They had l)ecome convinced that people objected to tlie early closing hour and so the stores were losing trade as a result. There had been a time, not very many years before, when the clerks were on duty from 7 to 10. Little by little these fatigue- ing hours were reduced. The contest was a long one before an agreement was made closing the stores at <'.. Most of lliem opened at 8 in 1891. Xow the hour foi- opening the larger stores

52 HISTORY' OF TAC031A

is 9. They have been aft'ected by the hiws governing the employ- ment of women.

Judge Hanford, in the U. S. Circuit Court, handed down a decision in January of considerable interest. Anthony P. Carr had sued to gain title to land in the Smith & Fife Addition ^vhich he had homesteaded in 1871, but had abandoned in 1873. Robert Sproul preempted it after Carr left, the latter contesting. Tlie land department decided in favor of Sproul and then Carr sued Fife who had bought the land of Sproul. Sproul, as described elsewhere, was hanged in British Columbia for a mm'der which he may not have committed.

Casper ^Vitt was an Old Tacoma fisherman with a wooden leg. He was walking along '2d Street when his timber support collapsed, thx'owing its owner, a large, fleshy man, to the sidewalk. Several men went to his assistance and were horri- fied to see what appeared to be slivers of bone protruding through the trousers leg.

"Who shot you?" inquired an excited man.

"Shot, hell!" snajjped Witt. "It's them cussed teredoes, and I might have knowed they'd get in their work on me. There's a $40 leg gone to smash."

It was even so. The rapacious teredo had ruined Old Cas- per's wooden limb. It was something of a mystery, until the habits of fishermen were understood. After making a haul the fishermen ])rouglit their nets to the shore where, in the shallow water, they were whii)])ed clean. Old Casper always wore a rubber boot on his flesh and blood leg, but he had neglected the wooden member.

What was said to have been the flrst trial ever conducted by an Indian justice of the peace took place on the reservation in February. Nugent Kautz was tlie justice, with Agent Eels as coach. John INIorris, another Indian, was charged Avith attack- ing an Indian girl. The justice, following the custom of his more learned white brother, took the matter under advisement. The proceedings were marked with great dignity and solenmity.

The Tacoma Theater now twinkled with electric lights and it is interesting to note that the first performance given after this important improvement was made, was tlie farce "Natural

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HISTOUV OF lACOMA 53

Gas." 'I'lic- illuinitiation was fuiTiished by 4.)0 lO-caiidle power incandescents. tin- tiiirriit coming from a dyjiamo in tlic l)ase- imrit.

Larry Kelly, a notorious smu^'^ler, was captured in March on board a Portland bound train. Kelly and (ieor/^e Davis had boarded the train at 'reninn, to which place it was supposed the}'' had yone IVom Olynipia. Special Au'etit (if the Treasury, C J. JNlulkey. sa\\ tlii' imii conu- ali(iar<i ami askid Kelly what he had in his valise. "Clothes," said Kelly. Mulkey asked for the key, but Kelly pretended not to !uar. The oUiccr l)rokc the lock and (hscovered sixty-Hve one-iialf pound cans of oi)ium. The men were brought to Tacoma. For many years Kelly was one (if tlic cleverest smugglers in the country, and at lliis time he owned a t'(iur-t(in sloop wiiich was said to be Juavilv armed. He declared it no crime to outwit the customs men and he really believed this. He is said to have been a man of fair moral (juali- ties with the single exception that he wf)u!d beat the government out of customs duties. He found pleasure as well as jjrolit in the game.

Vol. II- 4

CHAPTER LV

1890 — IMPORTANT PERIOD IN SCHOOL DEA^ELOPIVIENT — SUPERIN- TENDENT GAULT TAKES CHARGE — HE STARTS HIGH SCHOOL^ — HINDERING TERRITORIAL LAAVS — JOHN B. FLETt's COMING — HE DISCOVERS NEW FLORA DOCTOR VINCENT's DEATH COMMER- CIAL CLUB ORGANIZED ATHLETIC CLUB ATTRACTS LARGE MEM- BERSHIP A BALL GAME LUTHERAN UNIVERSITY FOUNDED

HISTORICAL SOCIETY FORMED — GILSTRAP's VALUABLE WORK — THE society's CAREER.

^Mien the public .schools opened in the fall of 1890 there were large overflow classes from nearly all the school houses, and four store buildings were rented. The new Irving, Bryant and Franklin buildings were almost ready and soon took care of the overflow. The largest of these buildings was the Bryant School Building on xVins worth Avenue between Seventh and Eighth streets. Its foundation w^as of blue Tenino stone. The building- was 100 by 148 feet in size and contained six large recitation rooms and an auditorium with a seating capacity of 600. Bullard & Bullard were the architects.

The president of the board of education was J. A. Winter- mute, R. Kahler was vice president and C. W. ]Mock, secretary. Superintendent F. C. Gault reported an enrollment of 2,894. He opened a night school the following February, with a good attendance. In Jmie the contract for the Ha\\i:horne School was let to Charles C. Miller at $6,958. By this time the capacities of Superintendent Gault had begun to operate masterfully u])on the intricate school problems, and while there was criticism — one of the penalties which all good school men must accept — the com- munity leaders already had seen in him just the timber necessary in that period of rapid development. Few men have left a deeper

54

IIISTOin Ol' TACO.MA ''5

imprint in Liiiifatinnal atl'aiis in tiic Xorlliw (.•^l. lit- is a Itiollicr of Lincoln F. Gault — a fine citizen — and they came from a Penn- sylvania Dutch lainily \\lii(li in 18.")4 removed to Iowa whin there was not a niiii- nf raihiia<i in the state. Their grandfatlier spelled his name Ciaut. and all their elders used Dutch in their homes. Their father was lund of tellini^- them what a contention l)e<raii when it was ])r(i|)oscd to put a hlackl)oard in his Pennsylvania school housr. its ii|)|)(in(nls aryuin^y' \\ith the stul>liorn stolidity of the stock that it would distract the attention of pupils IVom tluir studies! A compromise was effected hy introducing- a very small hoard. The mother of the Gaults could s|)cll any word she ever saw in print, hut the scarcity of printed matter confined her read- ing almost wholly to an old Knglish reader which she knew "by heart" from beginning to end. but she still read it and found great solace. Slic had an inlrnsc amliition I'oi- lui- sons to go to college and slu- sacrificed as only a inothcr can to help tlKni with little gifts of money. She died before she had the satisfaction of see- ing her sons thoroughly established. From such l)lood sprang Professor Ciault, who, after passing through the limited coimtry schools of his time, entered Cornell College in Iowa, in 18()!). but because he had to work his way thiough he was not graduated unlil 1S77. Hy teaching in winters and doing I'ann work in sum- mers he finally gained the coveted diploma in eight laborious years. In 188(> he was ofl'eied the Tacoma supei-intcndency after he had exhibited his abilities in Iowa and in Pueblo, Colorado, but he declined. A year later the offer Avas renewed and in the s])ring of "88 he came to \ ii'w the field. acce])ti'd. and in .1 uly limunlil his wife and child and licgan his woi'k. He \\as conlidntcd with a task such as has conrrontt'd lew men in all the history of educa- tion— the task of racing with an intcnsiw niati'rial development seldom recorded. When he came he had 20 teachers; in four years he had 120. He built or rebuilt some fifteen to eighteen school liiiiidings. He established the ward system and develop((l a working course of study. 1 1( w rote, and was a leading force in procuring the passage, by the first State Legislature, of the city .school |)lau, the organization of systems in cities of 10.000 ])opu- lation. The linu'ts of Tacoma were extended several times and in one year he had three distinct boards of education to help or to

56 HISTORY OF TACOMA

hanijjer him. It was labor. There was mud to be waded — there were no street cars going liis way, and no telephone connec- tion with school buildings.

Tacoma had had a high school course, such as it was. The territorial lawmakers liad frowned upon any mathematics beyond algebra and desired language study confined to English. Gault was told, perhaps as a joke, that when the act governing the course of study was introduced it provided that "no language but the American" should be taught. Gault took a chance and intro- duced geometry, and having sounded out the probable views of the first State Legislature in 1890 he dared to start a Latin class, and in the doing of it aroused from the, jungles a considerable snarling. But Tacoma, generally always forward and proud in educational matters, approved and considered that progress was being made.

When lie suggested to the board of education that a high school be established he was told of the restrictive laws which, if they did not positively forbid it, at least did not provide for it, but board members indicated that if he continued to teach chil- dren the sulijects they were qualified to take he would not be molested. And thus there grew, almost before the city knew it, the ripening germs of what we now recognize as two of the best high schools in America, housed in two notable buildings. He brought about in December, 1891, the agreement with the street car company by which school children should have forty tickets for $1.

Tacoma is a city Morth while chiefly because of her remark- able school system and her handsome and commodious buildings. Her superintendents have been able men. and 'some of them nobly sacrificed their positions for the schools' sake.

INIrs. Gault, a graduate of Iowa State College in 1881, quickly made friends in the community, became a prominent member of the Xesika Club and participated in many public efforts. The son, Perrett F., is practicing law in Watertown, South Dakota. He has the distinction of having had both his college and his pro- fessional degree conferred upon him by his own father.

Another man who had an important influence on Tacoma's educational life is John B. Flett, born in the Orkney Islands in

PHOFESSOR r. n. LiALLT Father of Tacoina High Schools

r~

Ilisroin' OF TACOMA 57

1859, coming to tin- ("iiited States in 1874, destined to distinc- tion in geolo<4y and botany, mountain exploration and a gentle manliness. For about three years lie has been one of the rangers on 3Iount Tacoma. Since the assumption of the park maiiage- iiurit by Mr. Keabuni. I'ktt has been designated as an ■inlorma- tion l)ureau" to whom tourists, students and the scientific oHicials of the GoverniiK-nt may ai)i)ral for data regarding the nioimtain trails, flora, fauna, climate, geology, etc. A few months ago the Government published a l)ookIet on the mountain ilora, written by 3Ir. Flett. By working in sugar camps, serving as janitor for schoolhouses, by teaching, carrying mail for other students, etc., Flett managed to be graduate d in 1S8.5 from Il.imiJton Col- lege with first honors in chemistry, and until 1892 when he came to Tacoma, he was teacher and principal of schools in \t\v 'N'ork State.

He reached the \ortlicrn I'acilic dock alter midnight on a Canadian I'acifie boat. There were few lights and darkness ruled su])reme. There was only one 'bus on the dock. The driver was yelling at the top of his voice, "Free 'bus to the Great Western Hotel!" After debating the situation with a fellow passenger, as there was no town in sight, the two entered the "bus to get away from the s])ooky waterfront. They emerged from the darkness in front of the Xorthern Pacific headquarters building. The Great ^Vestern Hotel was not lar from the Xorthern I'acilic station. The place \vas not inviting. After an examination of the beds the travelers j)icked uj) their gri])s and told the clerk that the beds already were occupied and that they woidd seek other (|uarters. They found Hne rooms at the .Merchants Hotel at Thirteenth and C streets.

C Street had a gi'eat many wooden shacks in a very dilapi- dated condition. W'hci'c IJhodes lii'os. store now stanils dilapida- tion seemed to reach its climax. On tlu' eornei- was a restaurant in one of these shacks. Thi' inside was clean and neat. It was doing a good business notwithstanding its l)ad environment. Sail- ors were seen everywhere f)n the streets.

Professor Flett found the Tacoma schools far behind eastern schools in many iispects. Kspccially recalcitrant were the gram- mar classes. Within a short time after reaching Tacoma he

58 HISTORY OF TACOMA

began his botanizing work and in 1896 he went into the Olympics with a party of gold luniters who distm-bed his plans. The next season he went alone, and July 20, 1897, he made his first dis- covery of a new species. It was a large and beautiful violet with kidney-shaped leaves, the veins on the imder side being jiinkish jDurple. The flowers were large, highly colored and consjjicuous. This violet was fairly abundant about Blount Constance, but more jjlentiful on Blount Angeles. In honor of the discoverer Prof. C. V. Pij^er named it "Viola Flettii" and so it appears in the botany books. He discovered a small onion in tlie same region. It had a beautiful reddish violet flower. He discovered growing in the crags near Dungeness River what Professor Wie- gand named "Senecio Flettii." He found several other new species of much interest to the botanic world. In addition he added to the flora of the state a large number of new plants wliose existence here had not been recorded, and added considerably to the knowledge of Olympic and Cascades geography. He and C. A. Barnes were the first to make the circuit of Mount Tacoma.

In the county election in November 6,753 votes were cast for representative in Congress, John L. Wilson receiving a majority of 873 over Thomas Carroll, democrat.

The new police patrol booths, octagonal in shape, 30 inches in diameter, 9 feet high and with a 3-foot cupola, were ready for use. Each contained a telephone, fire alarm, etc.

Dr. Thomas G. Vincent died December 2 in the Fannie Pad- dock Hospital. He was another victim of the typhoid epidemic of that year. He had lieen a resident of Tacoma a little more than two years, and had become" well known from his kindliness and high literary and scientific training. He had been collabo- rating with Herbert Bashford in the production of "Meg," a drama of pioneer life in the Pacific Xorthwest. It was presented with success at the Tacoma Theatre a short time after his death. Bashford was just then beginning his literary career. He has produced many poems and other material of a worthy character. He was the son of F. W. Bashford who died April 10, 1892, at his home, 1530 South E Street. He was born in Grant County, Wisconsin, 1841. He came to Tacoma in 1882 and became a member of the law firm of Danforth & Bashford. He was a vet-

TOXATTT'S AXD HIS SWANS From 1892 to ]'.Hi') Ignatius Harhaugh cared for the swans and utlier I'owl

in Wright Park

.^

^^mtr^^ym •

WKIIIIIT TAKK IN 1892

r~^-

HISTORY OF TACOMA 59

eraii of the Civil \\ar. having seiTed in tlie Third Wisconsin Infantry. Mrs. IJashford died in xVugust, 1916.

The (hstricts known as Hunt's Prairie, now Soutli Taeoma, Oalves' ^Vddition, Hidgedale and I'ern Hill were admitted to the city April 17th, but the vote was very light. xV month later anotiier very light vote was cast at the election on the question of issuing $150,000 in bonds for School District No. 10, 823 voting for and two against, the issue, which consisted of $(>4.()00 for funding purjjoses and $8().000 for l)uildings. One of tiie reasons for huge publie debts and high taxes is tiie indiffer- ence of voters to bond issues. In recent times the indifference of the earlier days has been repeated again and again. It has been said, and witii considerable evidence in sujjport, that many of the bond issues of western cities have been voted by transients who were interested only in the expenditure of funds and who expected to be elsewhere when tiie reckoning day arrived.

Tlie Taeoma Commercial Club was organized iNIay Htli in tiie rooms (if tlir eliambcr of eomnieice, with .1. T. Redmond, a fine citizen, now dead, as president; I'rederic jMottet. vice president; (J. L. Hoimes, second vice president: W. H. Cushnian, secretary, and 1). W. I'^nos, treasurer. The organization started with a large eiiarler list and a lively meeting and it was called a "get there" organization. ^V. H. Cusliman had much to do with the birth of tiiis new community loree. 1 1 opi iird coinplete chilirDoins nil the I'diirth and fifth floors of the Xational Rank of Commerce Rnildiiig. 'i'liirteenth Street and I'acific Avenue. The club's first work was to start a campaign for planting trees and lieaulifying the city. The Taeoma Athletic Club, another organization tliat figured in a large way in the community life, formally opened rooni^ in the Rlaekwell-xVnderson Ruilding. 710 I'aeifie Avenue, August 20th. .1. L. Carman. .\. K. Grafton and S. A. I'nkins wei-e among the mo\ ing spirits in this interesting eomi)any whieii gave enjoyment and museulai- i)ti)|)er to a largt' mimbcT <il' busi- ness and professional men.

Tiie new armoi'v bnildinn' at I^'il'tccnlli and C streets was dedicated . I one Itii. Detaeiinieiits IVoni Coin|)anles 15. 1) ;ind K came from Seattle. (General Sprague and CHI. .1. C. Haines s))oke and the event terminated with dancing ami a li.in<iuet.

€0 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Tacoma occupied a ijrominent place in military affairs, being the home of Comj)anies C and G of the National Guard as well as TrooiJ B and the JNIason Zouaves. This prominence was due largely to the efforts of Capt. W. J. Fife.

A man calling himself Joseph IMcCoy arrived early in June, expressed surprise at the growth Tacoma had made since he saw it five years before, and desired to sell some real estate which he had bought on that trij). S. P. Weaver hearing that the property was worth at least $5,000 offered McCoy $1,000. JNIcCoy at first demurred but fhially accepted and Weaver paid $140 to bind the contract. R. F. Wells, an attorney, had learned that Allen C. ]\Iason was the Tacoma rei^resentative of McCoy. Mr. JNIc- Coy heard of this, and reported that he had received money from eastern friends, no longer desired to sell, and offered Weaver $50 to be released. JNIason found a photograph of the Mr. McCoy whom he Ivnew. It did not resemble the INIcCoy who was dealing with Weaver. '"McCoy" then dei^arted in haste, taking Weaver's $140.

The Tacoma Baseball Club, which had been playing in ill luck defeated Portland on July 9th by a score of 6 to 5, and broke the sjiell. A few days later one of the newspaper base- ball stories appeared under the following caption:

CANNONADING CONTEST

Spokane Sluggers' Slick Stick Slinging

Tacoma Thoroughly Trounced

INIaskrey's Marvelous JMarvels JSIake jVIany Misty IMisplays

The "Misty JNIisplays" cost Tacoma the game in a score of Tacoma 4; Sjjokane 15

The corner stone of the Pacific Lutheran University was laid at University Place on the Lake Park Railway. Rev. B. Har- sted, O. G. Stavasli and Carl Hardness constituted the building committee in charge of the event. Addresses were made by

IIISTOHV OF TACOMA 61

Rev. X. Boe, Helena, Mont., and Kl\ . (). U. Grousberg, of San P'rancisco. This institution at Parkland has had a successful career and has drawn students to Taeonia from a wide territory. Tiie Wasliin^-ton State Historical Society was organized in the office of the manager of the exposition October 8th, with tlie following nieml)ers: Klwood Evans, Edward Eldridge, C li. Bagley, Dr. .1. S. Iloughtdii, .1. H. Hoiightun, .John f'lett, Ileni-\ Bucey, Judge .Janus Wickershaiii. Caj)!. W. J', (iray. E. X. Fuller, .Mien AN'eir, Edward Huggins, Charles W. Ilobart, Henry Boeder, L. P. Bradley, (ien. T. I. McKenny, C. M. Barton, S. Caldwell, U. H. Lansdalc and Senator T. J. Smith. Elwood Evans was made president; Edward P^ldridge, vice presi- dent: C. \V. Hohart, secretary, and (ien. T. 1. McKenney, treas- urer. E. X"^. Fuller was the father of this movement, and out of it have grown great things. I^ittle by little it accumulated momentum, the Ferry Museum all the time being a stimulus for a wider work. \V. II. Ciilstrap, who died ^Vugust 2, li)14>, deserves the credit of sustaining the interest by year after year of unflag- ging work. 1 1 ( had gained considerable Tame as a painter, but he practiealh- (bopped his prcil'essioii and threw his life into the historical society and museum. As a collector of relics he was tireless and in a few years the museum gained a meritedly wide rej)utation. (iilstrap gathered interviews witii old settlers and the Indians, located historic spots and collected many valuable ])hotograplis. 1 1 is indefatigable laliors finally l)rougbt the society and museum into their present beautiful home west of the Sta- dium. Foi- a long time they occupied rooms in the city hall and then in the courthouse, (iilstrap's peisistenee, aided by able assistants, procured state funds for building |)urposes, and inter- ested well-known men and women in the work. Bobert L. MeCoi'iniek did lasting work for the society and gave liberally. Since his death Mi's. .McCorniick has liel|)ed in many ways, and recently gave .$11..J0() to tin- fund for building another wing, and Hemy Hewitt, Jr., has agreed to pay the remainder of the cost. Mr. Hewitt is jjresidcnt of the society. .Mrs. MeCormick has l)resented to the society a handsome bust of her late husband. Robert Ij. MeCormick and she has added many articKs to the interesting exhibits. ]Mrs. ^^'. II. (nshnian lias been a valued

62 HISTORY OF TACOMA

contributor. The bust of Francis W. Cushman, former member of Congress, stands in the building. Its casting was made possible by a public subscription begun by the Daily News and completed b}' the Lumbermen's Association, which highly valued Cush- man's services in behalf of Xorthwest timber interests. W. F. Sheard, in the fur business in Tacoma for many years, has given to the museum a great number of rare Indian curios valued at many thousands of dollars. INIrs. Alice Palmer Henderson, Congressman Wickersham, Johnson Bros., of Ohio, Frank McCandlass and Charles C. Darling have made fine contributions. Sergt. W. II. Tyree, a member of Troop B, now on the jNIexican border, recently gave a fine collection of Pliilippine weapons and tools. Frank B. Cole, as treasurer of the musevmi, has aided much, as he has in educational and other public work. John Arthur, P. G. Hubbell, Professor Lyman, INIrs. H. W. Patton, and L. F. Jackson have been active in the historical society, whose work in recent months has been given an impetus by the Histori- cal Research Club, whose moving spirits are Prof. Walter S. Davis, O. B. Sperlin and D. ]M. Xesliitt. Sperlin has made sev- eral notable literary contributions to northwestern histor}'.

William P. Bonney succeeded Mr. Gilstrap as secretary of the historical society. He has added much to the orderliness of the institution and to its ^jrecious museum. He brings to the work an intimate knowledge of the pioneer days, and a great earnestness. Lately he has added considerably to tlie worth of the institution by procuring the promises of the G. A. R. and Loyal Legion bodies of the state to deposit with the society their historical papers and war relics.

CHAPTKH LVI

1801 MII.I.MEX IX LONTKUVKKSV WITH IIKXHY VILLARD OAT-R

LUMBER RATES — GREAT NORTHERN RAILROAD lORCES FREIGHT

REDUCTIONS LUMIiERJIEN ORGANIZE EX-UXION SOLDIERS

SUPPORT COXFEDERATE fANDIDATE FI-OOD DOES MUCH DAAr-

AGE RE^\X ESTATE MiAUDS NE\\SPAI'KR MEN IN TROUBLE

FANCY PRICES FOR CITY ^VDVERTISIXG — BUSINESS REVIEW OF Y'EAR — SNOWDEN BECOMES EDITOR.

T1)L' pioneer lumbermen imilt mills to siii)[)ly the tlemands of ocean-borne eommei'ce, and tlitv made i'ortunes. After the Xorthnn Pacific Railroad was I)uilt many new mills s])ian,u' u|), and price demoralization tnined profits into losses. The finan- cial depression which bci^an in 18!)()-!)1 intensified conditions and the mill men empliasi/ed thcii' i-e<|nests that the Xorthern Pacific, the only railroad eastward, tirant lower frei<i,ht rates by which the}' could conipttr with iKntlRi'ii |)im- in the plains states. The request was denied.

The Tacoma Commercial C'liili and the 'i'aeoma Chamber of Commerce called a mcctim;- of mill men. setting' the date at a time when Henry \'illai'd. clKiii'm;m of the hoard of dii'cctoi's of the Xorthern Pacific, wduld he in the city. The conference took ])Iacc late in ()etol)er, 1801. Francis I{oteli presented a state- ment, show in<r that lower rates would greatly increase the state's prosjjerity and the railroad's tiaflic. He estimated the daily capacity of Puf>et Sound mills at 7. •"><)().()()() feet, most of which was tributary to the Xoi'thern I'acific. He thought a lower rate would mean earnings oj' aliout >}^."). ()()(), ()()() annually to the I'ailroad.

\'illai'd re|)lie(l that because of o\cr production and reduced marktts. a period of depression had set in all over tiie world and

63

64 HISTORY OF TACOMA

it would be hardly fair to ascribe the difficulties of the lumber business to freight rates. He did not believe his company would be justified in increasing its rolling stock. He read a letter from J. ]M. Hannaford, general traffic manager, which said that an effoi't had been made to reduce lumber rates, but certain roads belonging to the Transcontinental Association had objected and "the Northern Pacific has no power to lower rates against the will of the majority."

The fight on the railroad then increased in vigor. It was alleged that the company was bomid to assist the lumber interests because of many promises it had made, if not by the sjiirit of the terms under which its great land grant was provided. Villard had aroused much of the old antijiathy toward liim and was sharply assailed from various quarters.

The fact was that the men who had done the pioneering for the Xorthern Pacific were possessed of vision, but they were unable to retain control, and the company had passed temporarily into the hands of men whose perspective was limited to immediate profits. • The coming of the Great Xorthern Railroad which James J. Hill just then was completing to its Everett terminals, compelled reductions in lumber and other rates. The Xorthern Pacific soon outgrew the selfish laersjjective of the Villard regime and in after years, when such men as Howard Elliot, Thoiuas Cooiicr, and Levey, Xutt and Blanchard, with large j^owers in handling western affairs, and George T. Reid's unusual sense of justice and ideas of decent corjjoration deportment toward the public, entered into the business of the railroad, it assumed a very nuich higher plane, which it steadily has maintained. Reid's influence in favor of a co-operative relationship between the cor- porations and public has not been confined to his own employment but has been a shining example throughout the Xorthwest. It is said that he assumed the higli position he holds only upon the acceptance by his superiors of a very definite understanding that he never must be called upon to ]:)erform. or ask any of his sub- ordinates to perform, the questionable duties wjiich, in years gone by, the public service corporations liad seen fit to impose upon their agents in dealing Avith legislatures and city councils, and which had created a notorious Temple Flat in Olympia, and

IIISTOHV OF TACOMA 65

had corrupted one eity adiiiiiiiistration after another, and, on the other hand had made the raih-oads and other corporations the prey ol' c-riininal |)()litieians of liotli hir^c- and small a])petites i'or hrihery.

The lumliciiiien, in llie hope ol' makin<^- an impiX'ssion npon Villard, called a meeting' in Seattle Xovemhcf ITtli. and Seattle and 'I'aeiima cnmmcreial (ii'nam'/.atlons iiolstered it np liy calling a nx'rural mictinL;' nl' noi'lliwcst l)usini'ss men at the same time. ^lany attended. 'I'lie lumi)ernien orf^anized the Ijundjcr Manu- facturers" ^Vssociation of the Xortliwcst, elected P. 1). Norton, of Tacoma. ])re.sident; Francis Uotcii, of ]iuco(ki, vice president: C. I). Stimson, of Seattle, treasurer, and Frank E. Cole, of Tacoma, secretarx . Then fol lowed a freight rate meeting with (i. \\ . Tlioiii])son as eliairmaii. It resulted in the adoption of resohitions urging Congress to hasten the com|)letion of the Nica- ragua Canal.

Those who attended the meeting scarcely had reached home when the Northern I'aciHc announced that the Wahasli Itoad had withdrawn from its agreement relating to shipments into its territory and thai liighei- rates would he in force, hut within a i'fw days the Northern Pacific induced the \Val)ash to enter a new agreement and the old rates were restored. Ahout the middle of Dccemher another reduction was made, an agreement hcing signed l)y the Northern and the C, M. & St. P. and with the C, R. I. & P. This o])ened Iowa territory to the Puget Sound mills on a rate ol' .JT'/i cents. A few days later the Northern Pacific closed an agreement uith Chicago &: North- wcstei'n and reduced liimher rates to a numher of towns in South Dakota. Iowa and Minnesota. The new i-ate was 55 cents the hundnd to some of these points and .37^,^> cents to others. Feh- ruary ]'.). IH!)2, James J. Ilill visited Tacoma and ])romised to liaii! IuniIhi- at a K)-cent rate. He also |)romised to complete the Tacoma-Portland line then under cons! ruction liy the Union Pacific and Great Noiihem. .Mas for promises made on the eve of a ])am'c!

When the Lumher .Manufacturers' ^Vssociation held its next meeting, in Tacoma, Francis Ttotch presented a grading scale, \\liieli was adopted. It pro\ ided I'ni- four grades of flooi-ing, and

66 HISTORY OF TACOMA

culls, f f)ur of rustic, four of stock boards, five of clears and selects and si^ecifications for ceiling, partition, box boards, casings, finish- ing lumber, common and cull lumber. The president warned all members to follow the grade I'ules wlien quoting prices.

At the school election in November, 1891, a fine tribute was paid to an ex-confederate soldier, J. C. Weatherred. The retire- ment of J. A. AVintermute from the lioard caused wide regret, as he had filled the position with ability. Weather i-ed was chosen to succeed him. Many former Union soldiers warmly supported him. He received 1,294 votes, the largest vote that had been cast in a school election. Jonathan Smith was elected at the same time with a vote of 1,19.5. An almost total absence of party manifestations was the cause of felicitation. Not many school elections before that time had been so fortunate. Weatherred had belonged to a Tennessee cavalry regiment that joined General JMorgan. and he was with that tempestuous leader Avhen he made his dash into Indiana and Ohio, striking terror into the North. Mr. Weatherred still lives in Tacoma.

Two days of unusually A\'arm weather melted the snow on the mountains and the Puyallup River arose until it began eating away its lately filled in banks, the middle of November, 1891. Strong winds drove the waters, jirodncing high tides ^\hich, with the rising river, threatened great damage to tide land factories. Near the St. Paul & Tacoma INIill was a small island known as Snag Island, which divided the waters of the ri\'cr. The t\\'o streams came together below it with fi'ightful force against the slab cribbing on the river side of the Naphtha Launch Company Factory, which had just been built there. The flood undermined the cribbing, formed a whirl])ool inside and began eating into the filled land. Two small cottages were vacated a few minutes before they tumbled over. The company then began moving its machinery and material .out of the front end of its 175-foot building and in a short time about fifty feet of it col- lapsed. JNIore than an acre of land had been washed away. An effort to blast out Snag Island had failed. Trains were stopped for several days by heavy slides, one of which, near Eagle Gorge, killed a number of workmen who were removing one slide when another came down and struck them.

HISTOin' OF TAC ()M.V 67

Tlierc WLVv a iiuiiilit-r ol' ulariiiy real estate frauds in ojjera- tioii in the Northwest, tlie vietims marly all lieing easterners who could not know from the prospectuses they read nor the deeds they received whether the hind they I)ou^ht was on ed,ye, oi- the (Ictp and silent home of the unquestioning sole. oi- whether it really existed at all. One- of these cases — that i\\' the (Jeorge Ilaydin Addition, was carried i?ito the courts in .March of 1892. A complaint, asking that the plat lie declared illegal and ^oid, was filed hy City Attorney Milligan under instruction from a council conunittec composed of President Ilill and ("ouncilmen Meath and .loliiisdM. The tract was some twenty miles south of town and thr action was taken to protect out-of-town persons who might !)(.■ induced to invest.

Henry liueey was forming a real estate exchange. An earlici' organization had heen engulfed in the excitement of pros- j)erity. Hut now real estate sales were falling off. J^astern investors came iuit tlicy dei)artcd with Ihcir purses intact. ■A\'ildcatlci\s"" wvw chai'gcd with lia\ iiig ruined the liusiness, Hucey's plan ])ledge(l the mtnihcrs to supjiort a ctntral agency that would regulate matters. The memhers agrei'd to list prop- erty at its real \alue. to sell none without ])roper conti'acts had heen made with the owners. In a short time these firms had siiiued : Hucey «.V Walker, J. D. C'aughran, Bringolf & Sheller, Dani. 1 McGregor, K. Steinhach. J. H. & A. F. Talmer, S. C. .Slaughter, f'.lder iV I'-ldt r. W'taver, .Shoemaker & Co.. and Wil- liam S. Taylor.

The Tacfima Uailway & ^fotor Company applied for a fran- chise ])ermitting it to haul freight over its lines, hut draymen and teamsters hi'ought pressuic to lieai- and the council I'cfnscd to comply. The comu-il at aliout the same lime ,i;a\ c the comiJany the right to sill cinrent for heating and |)owei'. Little ilid the city managers dream what a niitu' tiny wci'e planting!

The (irand Lodge of Washington, A. (). L. W.. was organ- ized in Taconia Decemher 1st and a rapid growth was recorded.

Decemher ."Jd .Tndge Allyn appointed Kohert M. C'hi'istie receiver for the Evening Call, which had been having a li\(ly life. ^^^ a. lUiM-y and .\. K. Partridge, the owners, had fallen ont over money matters, Partridge accusing Berry of misrepresent-

68 HISTORY or TACOMA

ing the amount spent in procuring the city printing contract. Partridge asked for the appointment of the receiver. Partridge, in an intennew, asserted that Berry had said that Judge Fremont Campbell had desired to borrow .^100 and that he, Berry, thought, as the Call had cases that would come before the judge, it was good jjolicy to lend the money even if they never got it back. Campbell at once brought criminal libel action against both Berry and Partridge, and Berry replied with an affidavit declaring that the whole stoiy told by Partridge was false. The News procured an injunction restraining the council from awarding the contract to the Call and the printing went to the Xews. The case was carried to the Supreme Com't which decided that the council could contract with the Call and the council then annulled the contract with the News and made a new one with the Call.

Berry and Partridge settled their troubles and were ready to reassume the paper's management, but Receiver Christie thought that as the books showed that the city had been charged twice for the same service, explanations were needed. The council explained that the double charge was a necessary one. Berry and Partridge were bound over by Justice Sharp, but the case afterward was dropped.

The Call was started in a little room on the third floor of the Wallace Block, 12th and A streets, by Berry and Frank T. Houghton, who since the Rogers administration, has held important positions in the State House in Olympia. Its sole purjjose was to procure the city jjrinting, and it succeeded. The rate was preposterous — 90 cents an inch! Houghton soon dropjjed out and Partridge succeeded him. The Call never was a real newspaper and it employed but tM'o printers at most. In a little while the paper received from the council an advertise- ment that occupied several pages, and it had to be run thirty days. The publishers cleared a handsome sum. That was the day of hand-set tyjje largely, and printers' "phat," and in one day Rich- ard P. IMilne, now superintendent of the Xews and Ledger com- posing rooms, earned $20.70, probably the largest day's wages that had been paid to a printer on the coast since the golden days of '49. Probably no such day's wages has been paid since. The Call ran for six or seven months. It was bought by the

HIS'l'Oin' Ol' TACO.MA 69

(il()l)c. W'Irii IIr- compositors wltl- locked out of the Ledger l)v Xelsoii Bennett, and the l^nion was started by the printers' union. Eerrv desired to be made foreman of the new paper. lie (hd not get the place. He then entered Bennett's 'emiiloyment, much to the disgust of tlie union men, and tluy always liave regarded the disastcis that followed him to have l)ecn a retribu- tive justice. His beautii'ul wife died, then his pittly children, one l)v one. He lost what lie had, and he was last heard from in Alaska.

The death, December l-'Jth in North ^'akima, of Councilman Howard C'arr, who, witii his father and brother, were Chebau- lip's tirst settlers, made it necessary to choose anotlier membi r of the council, tlu- phiec being filled by Frank A. Laidlaw. C'arr was 4-t vears of age and luul been in ill health al)out a year.

Tlu' business sunuiiary for 18!)1 showed coal shipments as fol- lows: Carbon Hill Coal Company, I.-jH,.'}!)? tons; .South Prairie Coal Company, 41,007 tons; Wilkeson Coal Comjjany, ."),482 tons.

Births: :Males, .508; females, 474; total, !»8-2. Deaths: Males, 241 ; females, 178; total, 419, of which 1 48 were Washing- ton boi-n. Marriage licenses issued. .")88. Building ])ermits, '.>."{1. with a \ahu' of •$l,720,8.'i7. ^'alue of lumber exjiorts: Tacoma Mill Company. $001, 2.58.(57; St. Paul c^ Tacoma l.um- l)er Company, $47,776.00". British Australia was heaviest purchaser.

Wheat exports were 0,010,093 bushels, valued at $.5,4.)0,;J31, Fi'ance l)eing the heaviest buyer; flour, l."54,l'0.'J barrels, valued at $.");J4..)49, Ireland being the largest puichascr.

The Board of Public ^Vorks reported fifty-two streets graded at !i cost of $241,9.);Mt;: nineteen streets paved at a cost of $.53,- 094.07: •'>..).) nn'les of .sewcr built, costing $3.5,.592.10.

Col. Clinton A. .Snowden had for about two years been seere- tarv of the chamber of commerce. He had entered heartily into the city's activities, taking a i)articular interest in the pulilie lil)rary. of which he was a trustee, and which at that time had 1,100 volumes and 2.50 card holders. The library's expense was $130 a month. The council was ai)pro|)iiatirig !^1.50 a month, which gave a lccwa\' li(t\\((n income am! outgo of only $20 a

Vol. II — 5

^0 HISTORY OF TACOMA

month witli wliicli to rebiiid old l)ooks and buy new ones. Snow- den was deniandin<4' $2.50 a niontli and got it. He had been editor of the Chicago Times and had made a considerable rejju- tation as a newspaper man. AN'hen Nelson Bennett, having acquired comjjlete ownershijj of the Ledger from Radebaugh, wanted an editor-manager, Radebaugh, who was a first-rate hand at picking experts, suggested Snowden to Bennett, and Bennett at once employed him. Snowden, even in that early day, and though he had been a resident of the state for only a short time, was beginning the ■studies that enabled him within recent years to produce a history f)f Washington noted for careful gleaning and literary excellence. Snowden entered the Ledger's sanctum February 5, 1892. Bennett was then in need of a good right-hand man as he was about to enter a fight with the i^rinters' union that would give to him and call from him hard blows.

CHArrKK i.Vll

189*2 — A MURDER, AM) 7.000 I'KKSONS SEE CORPSE IN OXE DAY —

SAI.VADOK I'll AM tONVUTED FATHER HYLEBOS BEGINS FIGHT

TO SAVK Ills LIFE MASS MKETIXG FOLLOWS LEO AND NASH

TAKE UP CASE — INVITATIONS TO HANGING ISSUED — LEGISLA- TURE ACTS — PRISONER IS RELEASED — POLICEMAN KILLED — GEORGE STOWE RELEASED AFTER FOUR YEARS OF BUFFETING — SHOOTING OF "jack" BY SURPRISED OFFICER — CITY CAMPAIGN W nil IIKAVV llKniNG — A CURIOUS ELECTION BET PAID — HUSON ELECTED— KAIII) CONSTRUCTION OF TABERNACLE FOR E\AN(iFL- IST MILLS — 2,300 CONVERSIONS.

A c-asc that was to atliacl wide allciitioM grew out of tlic iiiiinler, in a eottage at 1) and Nineteenth streets. March 2, lH'.t2. of Salvatore ConehiUa. a Sicilian iViiil peddiii-. 'I'lie hody hore thirty-fdiir stiletto thi-iists, and his head was erusiied. and wlieii the llie eorpse was taken to an undertakers, it was viewed hy 7. '•()() persons the first day! Several Italians were arrested, Init liy the time tlie trial day came the puhlie had lost interest, and when a jury in Judge ^Mlyn's court found Salvador I'ieani guilty f)f first degree murder and thc' judge sentenced him to he hanged .Inly 1st. people generally supposed that a liefitting ])cnally had l)een fixed. I'icaiii was small, stooped and not hand- some, lie sjjoke and understood English poorly. Ilis sfin. how- ever, was a fine-appearing young man and he hrought to his father's ease eonsideraltle sympathy and some finaneial sujjport — enough t(i lia\c the case appealed, hut 1 )(C( iuIk r 2d. the Supreme C'liurl alliiiii(d the liuding nf \\\v lowi-r enurl. The day set for the mans execution had passed long hefore and mi I'ehruary 4'. 18!);}. Judge Parker fixed the date of the hanging for March 7th. ]?v this time many persons had concluded that I'ieani was not

71

72 HISTURV OF TACOMA

guiltj' of the murder of Conchilla, with whom he had been reared in Italy. This change of opinion was due largely to the influ- ence of Father Hylebos. When Pieani was brought to trial Father Hj'lebos had thought the man guilty, but after long investigation this opinion had been changed. The condenmed man had been prepared for execution by Father Hylebos, had instructed the j)riest what statement he should make to the public after the execution, and all through the weeks of his imprison- ment had so stoutly maintained his innocence, that lie not only had convinced the priest but the sheriff and jailer as well. Father Hylebos prepared a long statement of the case that set many people to hard thinking. The priest, among other things, called attention to another Italian, ]Moreci, avIio had been equally sus- jjected, but ]Moreci had money, procured counsel, won an acquit- tal by the coroner's jury and immediately fled the country. Pieani had no money and had only such defense as a man \\ithout money could procure. He w^as a devout Catholic and even in the shadow of the gallons he protested innocence. The ])riest's ajjpeal was so sjiirited that the Commercial Club held a large mass meeting to consider the case, and it appointed Elwood Kvans, L. C. Hughes, Father Hylebos and John V. Fvans to petition Governor ^IcGraw for a respite in order to have time for presenting the case before the Supreme Court.

The case had developed what the aftornej^s considered defect- ive features in the criminal code and a new bill was drawn for presentation to the Legislature by Senators Claypool and Easter- day and Representatives John Leo and Frank D. Nash.

The old law, while providing for an appeal, did not provide for such appeal without bf)n(l. The new law, approved jNIarch 8, 1893, granted the right of appeal without the filing of a bond.

Attorney Leo, who i-emembers the case veiy well, says that Prosecutor W. H. Snell was sometimes very vigorous in his prosecutions, and in the Pieani case he was far more than a match for the prisoner's attorney, who was a negro named Hughes. Hughes made a botch of the appeal to the Supreme Coui-t. The papers became lost and while the case was before the court it was not there in the proper manner, and the court could do nothing but affirm. Sheriff Price proceeded to make ready.

- 'X ^

— 'y.

x' <

n

'jT^F \T\V YORK

IIISTOHV OF TACO.MA T.i

.latiics Fracc Imill [\\v scjifl'old, !•". Iv .Idlmsdri clfsif^ne<l and arriintifd tlir ilictiic-al iincliaiiiMii liy wliicli the tiap was to he .s[)riiii<i. Tlie rope liatl been lM)u^lit four years before for the exeeiition of ^Martin, who escaped. Slieriff Price issued imita- tions to tlie han^in<>', printed in ^ilt on a duvk purple card, with Picanis portrait in one corner. All of the proprieties were being observed.

Leo early in the trial had ciiiK'hidfd thai Die Italian was not receivino- a scjuare deal. lie made up liis mind that if tlif ojjpor- tuin'ty offered he would do something for Picani and other men in .similar predicaments. When he was elected to the Legislature he jirepared a bill providing that where an appellants ])apcrs had been lost or where for any caii.se for w hicli he was not res|)onsilile the appeal had not been presented in i)roper manner, he slioiild have the right of a .second appeal.

Leo succeeded in "•ettin"- this bill tiirou"!! botli iiouscs. i'rose- cutor Snell opposed this measure and went to Olympia. (Jo\ ernor .McCii'aw vetoed it. However the governoi- did nof retuiii the bill until the eleventh day alter it had jjassed. Ia'o cited the con- stitutional pro\ isioii i-((|niring \etocd bills to be I'etui'ued \\ithin ten days, and asked that it be declared law . This the Legislature did and Picani's neck was saved.

When his appeal was taken, the prosecution moved to dismiss the case and Picani went free. lie remained in Tacoma. and those who knew iiini in alter years felt ceiiaiii that he was inno- cent of the crime.

Hinniing simultaneously with this case tln'ough the lattei- part of its course was the C'udihee-Kenna tragedy. The testimony showed that David li. .Scales and Horders wci'c on their way luimc. had become sick from the effects of li(|uor and sat down on a sidew.alk. Otiicers Cndihee and Kenna came along, used abusive language and kicked the men. who. not knowing tliem as ])olieemeii. began lighting in self-def en.se. Scales, with a knife with which he had been peeling an apple, struck at C'udihee. The policemen were in plain clothes and had been drinking. C'udihee bled to death on the sidewalk. Scales was thrown into jail, his clothes taken away from him and he was induced to make a state- ment of the trouble unili r the pretext that it had amounted to a

74 HISTORY OF TACOMA

simple assault. There was fear of mob violence. Chief Davis dissipated the angry crowd by a ruse. April 10th the jury brought in a verdict of not guilty, the verdict meeting with the approval of the people who thought Scales had been a victim of police cruelty and railroading methods. Cudihee was twenty-four years of age and a popular officer. He was a brother of Edward Cudihee of Seattle.

Ten days later George Stowe, after spending fovn- years in jail, was released. He had been arrested charged with the murder of Enoch Crosby in October, 1889. At that time he was a strong man weigliing 200 jjounds, but the four years' confinement had reduced him to a weak consmiiptive weighing 12i5 pounds. Through the four years his case had been pulled back and forth between the Superior and Supreme courts — a lilaytliing for attorneys. The Crosby murder had been responsible for the organization of the Committee of One Hundred of which A. R. Heilig was secretary. Heilig became convinced that Stowe was innocent and through his efforts evidence was gathered showing that on the night of the murder Stowe was at the liome of a friend near Olympia. Stowe had no money and remained in jail until friends contributed funds for an appeal whicii resulted in the Sujireme Court ordering a new trial, and the prosecuting attor- ney then moved to dismiss the case.

In tile midst of these sad miscarriages a serio-comic tragedy occurred. "Jack," the Tacoma Hotel bear that liad learned to drink beer like a man, stepping up to tlie bar and holding a mug between his paws witliout disturbing the tallest cresting of foam, slipped his collar on the night of March 17th, paid his customary visit to tlie hotel office where he resisted a bell boy's attempt to get him back to his pen, and lumbered out into A Street, bent on a lark. He started for Pacific Avenue via Xinth Street and encountered Policeman Kenna. Two shots were fired, one of which Avent almost through "Jack's" body. The wounded animal was taken back to the hotel, and a surgeon was called, l)ut "Jack" was in no mood to be fooled with and would permit only a distant examination. He spent the next day in the barrel of water which he used as a bathtub and toward evening it was decided thart, as he had no chance of recovery, he should be killed. Fred Edwards

IIISTOHV OF TACOMA 75

stiiliVd iiiiii. TIk iiianaiici-s of the hotel refused to sei've the meat III' llicir (itad |ict and it was ,ni\'eii td uthiT parlii-s who adver- tised a liariicfiic. Ofliixi' Ivciiiia was the most iiniio|iular man in town for several days, the iie\vs])apers aeeusin^' him of stn|)idity.

"Jaek" weighed 800 pounds. He had lived at the Taeoma Hotel for al)oiit ten years — ever sinee he was a eiih — and he had friends all over tiie I'nited States. For years after his death he stood in all the silent jjomp of the taxidermist's ait. in the coni- dor of the hotel, and some lime ai^o lie was given to tlu' Feri-y Museum.

The iepul)lieans in (iermania Hall. Mareh '2\[\\. nominated H. .S. Huson for mayor; for treasurer, (i. \V. Hoggs; for eon- trolier. A. K. Heilig; for physician. Dr. .1. T. ^Armstrong. The l)latform adopted is interesting in that it specifically diinands a reduction in expense. Other nominations: Couneilmen — First \N'ard, C". A. lieals and C .M. T. Manning; Second — George H. lioardman and Charles T. Lee; Third \V . IT. (Irattan and .John .Snyder; l-'oui'th — E. M. Heatty and Cieorge H. Hollidge; Fifth— R. F. Wright and W. H. White; Sixth— II. H. Warner and J. M. .luiiett: Seventh— D. J. Gritfilhs and T. L. Richard- son; Eighth — Dr. Royal A. (Jo\e and Han-is A. Cored. The democrats nominated: For mayor, Alexander Parker; treasvu'er. John (i. C'am])l)ell: controller, Samuel C Slaughter: ])hysician. Dr. Roi)ert Rrodiiax: couneilmen — First Ward. .A. .Mc.Vdams and E. Steinl)aeli: .Sec-ond H. V. .losey and ('. U. /alirislcie; 'i'liiid — F. C'armiehael and .1. \\ . Cutting; ]'"nnrtli .]i\-v l-'on- taine and !■".. A. Knoell ; Fifth .James .Xherenunliie and .lolin A. McCJouldriek; Sixth — S. C. Anderson and \V. T. Wright; Sev- enth—S. Wade and .7. G. Proctor: Eighth M. H. Walsey and I'eter Daley.

Seattle had heen won l)y the democrats and the campaign in 'i'aconia soon developed considerahle heat. Parker was accused of ha\'ing favored tlu' Chinese in S") and nearly evciy candidate's character was assailed. It is well that w t- su soon foi'get cam- |)aign stories!

Much money was wagered, a crowd from .Seattle liringing several thousands of dollars. It was said that a total of no less than twfnt\-five thousand dollars would change hands. Hats,

76 HISTORY OF TACOMA

shoes, watches, horses and tobaccos without reckoning were wagered.

D. U. Savvey, a gambler, was a democrat and a strong Parker man. Harvey Harrison Avas a republican and a strong Iluson man, although somewhat doubtful of his candidate's success. In tlieir heated advocacy they agreed that the man whose candidate was defeated should permit the other to pelt him with rotten eggs. On the evening after the election a small crowd gathered on the south side of Xinth Street near the old City Stables. Savvey, clatl in overalls, old overcoat and broad-brimmed hat, took his jjosition near the fence and Harrison liurled his dreadful ammu- nition for fifteen minutes, with his target on the point of fainting but holding out. At the finish he was so weak he scarcely could move. One of the spectators brought a rope from a saloon and towed the sjjattered wretch to a harboi- behind the theatre, where he tore off his clothes and hastened to a bath tub.

The total registration Avas 9,005, and 6,999 votes were cast with the following results: For mayor — Huson, 3,.}64; Parker, 3.409, Hatfield, (J7; treasurer — Boggs, 3,431; Campbell, 3,411: Hart, 90: Controller— Heilig, 3,338; Slaughter, 3,429; Booth- royd, 112; physician — Armstrong, 3.981; Brodnax. 2,448; eoun- cilnien— First Ward, Beals, R, 334; Steinbach, D, 3.58; Second— Boardman, R, 093; Lee, R, 7.57; Third— Grattan, R, 1147; Snyder, R, 1,1.56; Fourth— Fortaine, D, .531; Knoell, D, .502; Fifth— Wright, R, 5.54; McGouldrick, D, 550; Sixth— Warner, R, 102; Junett, R, 91; Seventh— Berry, R. 89; Proctor, D, 139; Eighth— Gove, R, 114; Corell, R, 70. The new council elected Samuel J. Smyth city clerk. ]Mayor Huson reappointed H. ]M. Lillis as chief of the fire department. He also appointed M. S. Hill, Arvid Rydstrom and James C. Drake as members of the Ijoard of public Avorks. These appointments Avere held up in the council "for investigation."

The council elected Dr. J. T. Lee president. IMayor Huson nominated as Avater and light commissioners, G. W. Thom]3Son, F. T. Olds, John T. Redman, W. B. Blackwell and C. P. Mas- terson; as park commissioners, Henry Drum and Isaac W. Anderson, to succeed themselves; Arvid Rydstrom to remain on the l)oard of public Avorks; F. H. JMin-ray, city attorney, and E.

HISTOHV OF TACOMA 77

K. IJdslirin, assistant; IJncolii Davis, chief of police; G. W. Hnl-

lard. I)uil(liii^' iiisi)ector; Capt. .1. 1>. CM 1 1, harlidriiiaster, and 1 )i-. .1. H. ^'(K■mll, Ik altli iillicer.

'I'lir fiiiiiici! tlmi \i iitured to make o-ood its pre-election prom- ise of rednetions in expenses by introducinu an ordinanee lower- in<r almost t-vcry salary.

Ma\- 4. liv a vote of 7 to 1>. it failed to Cdnfiriii Uw apjuiiiit- ment of Hill and Drake. The mayor prepared a letter in which lie reappointed Hill and Drake, Imt the eonncil a,u,ain declined. A week later tiie mayor named 1). I.. Demorest, projjrietor of the .Massasoit Hotel, and .lolin X. l''nller, of Old Taeoma. Tlie appointments were confirmed. The (piestion of competency did not enter into the Hill-Drake matter; it was purely a matter of politics.

'i'lie ministers considend the edininnnity in need of an t'\aii- <>elist"s ministrations. Jtev. .1. M. Patterson. Dr. C. O. Hrown and Rev. A. S. Kirkpatrick in Api-il raised fnnds for huiidin.U' a tal)ernacle. The plans were drawn hy Hnllai-d iV Hullai'd in one day. The following- day the contract was let to (ii-il)hle & Shurs. The next da\- ni'onnd was broken and the third day saw the tirst tindiers in ])lacc. Five days later the l)uildin,i>- was ready for tin- last nails, when a rainstorm stopped operations. The building- was near the <ild Central School. o|)posite the com't house. It was 100 feel sijuare, 22 feet at the caves, with a roof .")() i'cct hi<;h at the apex. Tts seatintj; capacity was .•}..'}()().

B. Fay Mills, the evan<Jelist. reached Taeoma April 13th and the next evening the crowded tabernacle was dedicated. Kev. Ml-. Patterson, surronnded by the minisli-rs of many Taeoma churches, presided at the opening- ceremonies. Tiie cvaniiclist was not lony- in workinii' up an int(-rcst and on April 17. 1.02() were conv(-i-l(-d. The .Ministci-ial Allian(-(- look a very prominent jiart and indu<-ed Mayor Huson to issut- a |)roclaniation recom- mendini; that all business houses closi- I'rom '.•.;{() .\. M. to 12 M. and from :{ P. M. to .') P. M. April 27th for a special prayer service in the tabernacle. Many of the stores and shoi)s did so. The meetings closed May 2(1 and it was rcpoi-tcd that 2..'J00 j)ersons had been converted.

It was Tacoma's first revival experience on a lar«i;e scale, and

78

HISTORV OF TACOMA

was considered a success. IMills pictured a terribly real hell— so real that children cried when they heard the description, and he made it hot for those who hesitated to follow the sawdust trail. The newsjjapers printed dozens of columns about the meetings.

Workmen completed the first car built at the Edison shops May 3, 1892. The shojjs had been oi^ened witli ceremony only a short time before and were Inisy, though the railroad ofHcials already Mere watching the horizon for the storm. When on April 1.). L. E. Post, acting for George W. Vanderbilt of Xew York, paid $16.5,000 in coin for the -10 by 100 six-story brick building on the southeast corner of Pacific Avenue and Thir- teenth Street, tlie storm seemed to ht in abeyance. It was one of the largest realty deals ever made in Tacoma and brought Vandeiliilt's investments here to more than three hundred thou- sand dollars. The property was bought of the Pacific National Bank.

CHAPTER LVIII

18U'J lOK.MATIUX Ol' FiUST WO.MAN's CLUB^ ALOHA XESIKA FOL- LOWS SOON AITEE Ol'KXlNG OF AVOMAN's IXX Y. ^\^. C. A.

PUT OX ITS FEET — CLUB HOUSE ASSOCIATION' BUYS OLD ANUER-

SOX llo.MK THE Sl'FFKAGE .MOVEMEXT I'AKENT-TEACHER

^VSSOCIATIONS WOKK OF MRS. AMY P. S. STACY OTHER

nrPOKTAXT I l.lIiS PUKE FOOD lA.MPAlGN.

Ill -Ma}'. IS'.l'J. a lew incinbLT.s ol' the Taeoiiia -Vil l^ca^iic, imt ill a social way at tlu- liome of Mrs. Sanuu'l Slaughter. The project of oriiaiii/ing a chih I'or likrarv ciiltiirt' was there pro- posal and (.iithiisiastically mdorsed liy tliose present — Mrs. Slaughter, 31rs. (iahisha I'arsous, Mrs. Samuel Collyer, ]Mrs. C. W. (iriogs. Mrs. K. M. Hunt, .Mrs. II. K. Moore, Mrs. K. C. Ciear. ^V few days later the call for a I'ornial meeting was issued. Mrs. Collyer was the hostess on that occasion to a gatliciing of thirty ladies. Mrs. Parsons was called to the eliair, Mis. (Jear acting as secretary, 'riuii wire elected the oHicers of the first woman's club in Tacoma. It was decided that each charter member should have the priviUge of presenting one name for future election. The member.shij) was limited to sixty.

The second nieeting was held at the residence of Mrs. C. W. Griggs, and eniistitiil ion and liy-laws were adopted. The work as laid (i(i\\ii in Ibe eoiistitntion embraced literature, art, drama, music, science, education. |)hiloso|)hy, each of tliesi' subjects being iji charge of a committee. The otlieers and e.\eeuti\e board mem- bers were: President, Mrs. (ialiisha I'arsons: vice pixsident, Mrs. . las. M. Ferriss; secretary, Mrs. Iv ( . (ii.ii : treasurer, Mrs. C. W. Griggs: Mrs. Xdsnn Henn. tl. Mrs. I,. V. IJiadiey, .Mrs. Geo. Browne. Mrs. G. G. Chandler. Mis. Sainiicl (nllxer. Mrs. .T. C. IIar\(\. Mrs. l\dward M. limit. .Mrs. (icoryc 1{. ( )sgo(id,

7:1

80 HISTOKY OF TACOMA

Mrs. Jacob Raynor, Mrs. Alex. Reed, Mrs. L. W. Roys, Mrs. S. C. Slaughter, "Sirs. W. D. Tyler.

The organization had not yet been named, and July 20th, when the society met with ^Nlrs. Galusha Parsons, the Hawaiian name "Aloha," meaning good fellowship, was suggested by ]Mrs. C. W. Griggs and was unanimously adopted.

The chairmen of committees were: Education, j\Irs. Jacob Raynor; literature, ]Mrs. AV. D. Tyler; music, JNIrs. Frank Allyn; drama, ]Mrs. Edward ]M. Hunt; art, Mrs. Samuel C. Slaughter; science, Mrs. G. G. Chandler; philosophy, ]Mrs. Jas. 31. Ferriss; social, ]\Irs. C. W. Griggs.

The charter members were : j\Irs. Frank Allyn. ]Mrs. Nelson Bennett. ]Mrs. Wm. Biglow, ISlrs. L. D. Bradley, ]Mrs. George Browne, ]Mrs. G. G. Chandler, ]\Irs. Geo. Osgood, jNIrs. Samuel Collyer, Mrs. P. M. Dakin, :Miss C. L. Dewey, Mrs. J. M. Fer- riss, ]Miss Cora L. Fitch, :Miss Fay Fuller, 3Irs. Elizabeth C. Gear, INIrs. C. W. Griggs, JMrs. C. E. Hale, 3Irs. W. O. Hayden, :\Irs. E. F. Jacobs, ]Mrs. Edward M. Hunt, ]\Irs. C. H. INIarble, JNIrs. H. K. ]Moore, Miss Bernice E. Xewell, ]Mrs. Sarah Keye Christie, ]Mrs. Galusha Parsons, ]Mrs. Jacob Raynor, ]Mrs. J. T. Redman, ]\Irs. Alex. Reed, Mrs. Lester W. Roys, ]Mrs. S. C. Slaughter, Mrs. W. J. Thompson, INIrs. AV. D. Tyler, :Mrs. Frederick Watson.

The members elected: ]Mrs. H. L. Achilles, ]Mrs. Alex. Baillie, Mrs. J. C. Brockenbrough, Miss C. F. Buck, ]Miss Flor- ence Dakin, ]Miss Ethel Ferris, jMrs. Harrison G. Foster, ]Miss Heartie Griggs, Mrs. J. C. Harvey, ]Mrs. E. A. Hatherton, Mrs. L. H. Hallock, ]Mrs. Robert Sale Hill 3Irs. A. K. Hiscock, ]\rrs. Chas. S. King, :Mrs. A. W. Martin, ]Mrs. E. H. ]McHenry, Miss Rebecca McConkey, ]Mrs. J. W. Pinkerton, JNIrs. Joshua Peirce, Mrs. H. C. Potter, :Mrs. W. T. Ripley, Mrs. John Thomas, Mrs. H. D. Thomas, Miss J. H. Van Rensselaer, Miss Xettie Wallace, 3Irs. Sarah K. AVhite, :Mrs. Samuel AVil- keson, INIrs. W. A. AA^orden.

The club entered the general federation in 1893 and the state federation in 1896. It has had a very successful career through the years. Its presidents have been JMrs. Galusha Parsons, Mrs. Fitch B. Stacy, Mrs. George R. Osgood, ]Mrs. George Browne,

A LEADER IX GOUU .MISIC

SevPtt years ago Bernice A. Newell arranged her first artists' course. For years she had been a leader in musical and literary affairs, and a's society editor and writer for the newspapers had used her )ien in promotint; good taste in art. In the seven years of her .service as impresario she has brought to Tacoma many of the great singers and players, among whom were: Lillian Nor- dica, Schuniann-Heink, Johanna Gadski, Olive Fremstad, Jeanne Jomelli, Alma Glnek, Bernice Pasquali, Corinne Kyder-Kclsey, Maggie Teyte, flmma Eames, Emilio de Gogor/.a, Alessandro Bonci, Antonio Scotti, Riccardo Martin, MarccUa Scmbrich, Davi.l Bispham, vocalists; Fritz Kreisler, Mischa Elnian, .\rthur Harf- man, .Ian Kuliclik, Jaroslav Kocian, violinists: Josef Hofinann, Josef Llievinne, Mine. Teresa Careno, Harold Haner, Leopold Godowskv, Rudolph Ganz, Moritz Rosenthal, pianists; the Flon- zalcy String Quartette, the Kneisel Quartette, the Barerre Ensem- ble, the New York Symphony Orchestra and soloists under Walter Damrosch, the Russian Symphony Orchestra and soloists under Modest Alischuler, Genee, the famous dancer, with her entire com- ]>any, and the incomi>arable Sousa and his b.ind in two great con- certs in the St;idi\iin in .luly, 11)1"). M.iny of the .-irtists named have maiie nu)rc th:in one appc:irance in T;ic(im;i in difTerent sea- sons. The list for the UM.")l(i season imhidcs Emmy Di'stinn, the great Bolu'mian soprano; Ossip Gabrilowich, the brilliant pianist, and his wife, Clara Glemens, the gifted daughter of Mark Twain ; and the Kneisel Quartette of New York and Boston.

THr

IIIST()H^' OF TACOMA 81

Mrs. ¥. W. I-;iu, Miss Nettie \i. Wallace, Mrs. A. McL. Hawks, Mrs. Overton G. Ellis, Mrs. W. C. Wheeler, Jr.. Mrs. Frederick \\'. Kcator, Mrs. \N'iii. 1*. Iteynolds, and Mrs. Lewis L. Talliiiaii.

'I'lie day alter the lir.st rc-^ulai- iiieetin^Lf of .Vlolia, the Nesika C'liili was organized in the John Q. Mason home. "Nesika" means "onr" or "mine." Mrs. John Q. Ma.son was the organizer of this 'jjiili. 'I'hf .Masons at this tiiiic h'\ id at SIT North .T Street. When .Mason l)oiight the lots a great giilch hisected the neiiihhorhood and a stair of fortv-two steps led to his front door. J Street was full of logs. AVhere trails were o])ened they were dee]) with (lust. It was a task to reach the .Mason home from aiiv diiection. Conditions were considci-ahly improved for pedestrians when the meeting to organize Nesika was called. Mrs. 1?. W. Coiner, — the Coiners had just huilt at 717 No. I Street, the home now occu])icd l)y Willard 1). Smith — was Mrs. ^Mason's aide in the organizing process. ^Vnother helper was Mrs. Dillon, daughter of Judge Trij)]). lie was amhassador to Austria under l*resident Cleveland and a nunihir of llic Samoan commission. lie owned tlic ground where the old hall park stood, near K Street. He was a charming, cultured man and he attended many of the Nesika Clul)'s meetings. The eiiai tei- memljcrs of Nesika were: Mrs. W. P. Homiey, Mrs. B. W. Coiner. Mrs. Mary E. Coiner. Mrs. Harris A. Corell. Mrs. C. H. Dillon. Mrs. James C. Drake, Mrs. .Tay C. Ciuyles. Mrs. .Tulia Hardenhnrgh, Mrs. Meriden S. Hill. M i-s. Lyman U. Loomis, ^Irs. J. Q. Mason, Mrs. Horace Kichmond, ^Irs. I... E. Sampson, Mrs. George J. Turrell and .Mrs. James A. Wintermnte. Hon. liartlett Tripp was made an honorary mciiilier.

The present otheers are .Mrs. Conrad L. Iloska. piisident ; Mrs. D. A. (iove, vice jjresident; recording secretary, Mrs. J. ir. AFarch: Corresponding secretary, ^Trs. E. A. Younglove; treasurer, ^Mrs. Charles E. Hill. ^Nlrs. D. T. Da\ies is chairman of the executive committee.

The Woman's Cluh — the first women's organization in tlu' state to enter actively into civic work, also was organized in the Mason home, in !'.•() !•. a meetini!' ha\ iti"' heen called li\- Miss

82 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Xettie Wallace, now ]Mrs. John li. ^Villiams. It grew out of an attempt to form a city federation of clubs. The place of its birth was at 912 North I Sti'cet. Its first important achievement was the openhig, with oNlrs. Roger E. Chase as manager, of the Woman's Inn, 714 Pacific Avenue, in 190.5. It had sixteen sleeping rooms, and it conducted the first cafeteria in the city. The Inn, which was for working women, paid expenses and was operated until the Y. W. C. A. made a third — and this time successful effort to get on its feet, and proceeded to fulfil a mission all its own. This institution, being national in scope, and well organized with paid emjiloj'es, meets a need which no other organization meets. It has had the untiring help of such women as jNIrs. W. W. Seymour, Mrs. Elmer ]M. Hayden, oNIrs. W. F. Geiger, INIrs. W. C. Wheeler, Mrs. M. L. Clifford and Mrs. George C. "Wagner, the present president. In a com- jjaratively short time it has been compelled by its growth to leave quarters at Eleventh and C streets for larger rooms at 933I/. Broadway, and within recent months to the old Elks Build- ing on Pacific Avenue, north of Ninth Street, where excellent (juarters are provided. The secretaiy of the association is INIiss Belle X. Jeffery.

The Woman's Club has been called the mother of the Club House Association, though that really has a more remote ancestry. Twenty-three years ago a meeting of club women was called in the JNIontello Hall, South Fourth Street and Tacoma Avenue. This Avas (juite an important gathering place in its day. A part of the Iniilding remains. A large crowd of women attended, the building of a women's club house was discussed, and INIrs. Galusha Parsons, ]Mrs. James C. Drake and ]\Iiss Charlotte Dewey were appointed to forward the enter- prise. The Club House Association movement has been before some of the club women in some shape or other ever since, and within recent years they began a fund. Last year their hopes were attained, chiefly through the tireless persistence of i\Irs. .1. W. Brokaw, now pi-esident of the association. The association last year bought the old I. W. Anderson home on Broadwav for $18,000. Some time before this the clubs had a plan for holding their meetings in the State Historical Society Building and they

MRS. ?:mM.\ smith 1)E voe

Leader of successful campaign for e(|ual siifTrajjc in 1912, orfjanizcr of

the National Council of Women Voters and its presiilent

IllSrOin' Ol' TACO.MA 83

gave $7,000 tiiwaid the erection of the second unit. The presi- dency (if thi- Woman's C"liil» lias been hchl I)y well known women: Mis. ^Vl)bie K. Danroith, Mrs. J. Q. Mason, Mis. Henry MeClearv, Mrs. Isabel Fonda, ^lis. Horace Ci. Scott, Mrs. F. J. Scluig, Mrs. George D. Hanscom, Mrs. J. W. liro- kaw, ^Irs. Leonard Crasweller, .Mis. .John M. Gaynor, ;iihI ^Irs. Florence Listen.

The ])resent Mason linme at "i.jOl North Washington Street, which lias been a surt of (•niinniinily center ever since it Avas built in I!)().). was the state siiU'rage center in I'JIO, when the women won the ballot. Here ^Irs. Knima Smith UeVoe made her head- (inarteis niiich of the time. .Mrs. Mason was Pierce comity manager, and vice president of the State Suffrage Association. ]Mrs. DeVoe and her helpers here devised the plans of the cam- paijiii which was won chietlv bv a carefid avoidance oi" militaiicv ami extraneous issues, and a smiling concentration on equal suffrage. It was a good humored cam])aign. Having won it, Mr. ami Mrs. DeVoe removci! to 'I'aeDina and built a liandsdiiie home at I'arkland. In the Mason and l)e^''oc homes was organ- ized the Xational (nuneil of Women Voters, with a membership in each ol' the suffrage states. Mi-s. DeVoe is national ])residcnt. The organization is now ])ui)lishing a monthly jiaper, the Van- guard, with Mrs. P. J. Fransioli, a pleasing writer, as its editor. Mrs. DeVoe is called frequently to other states to assist in suffrage cam])aigning. and she has an international accjuanitaiice among prominent suffrage workers.

The Auini-a Club, which stndii's histnrv and art. has been iirL;.ini/( d since .Maw 1902. Its charter luiiiiliers were ^Irs. W. X. All(n. Mrs. A. W. C'atlnn. .Mrs. F. L. Davis, Mrs. .lobn D.,naliu<'. Mrs. (;. S. Libbey. Mrs. F. J. Shields, ^frs. F. C. Strnut, .Mrs. .\rlliur Slui'ley and .Mrs. X. I''.. Waltnu. Mrs. !•".

L. Davis was ijrcsident for eight years. ^Mi's. .] . H. Hamii I

now holds the oflicc. The membership is limited to sixteen.

A work which is interesting about 1,.jOO Tacoma women grew out of the Mothers' Congress meetings at tlie Pacific- ^'nkon FiXposition in Seattle in 100.). Impetus was given to tin mip\e- meiit at a meeting held at the bdine of ^frs. F. R. Hill in Tacoma in .lanuarx'. MM 1. .\ central circle was formed \^ilb ^frs. 1'"Ivm11

8i IIISTORV OF TACOMA

H. Hoj't as i^resident. Practically every school neighborhood in the citj' now has an active Parent-Teacher Circle. These groups consider school matters, children's welfare, the public health, and many other subjects. Mrs. Hoyt threw her whole soul into the work, perfected the organization and pushed its growth, and she called the first state convention in Tacoma. In the election of state officers important posts were given to IVIrs. W. W. Sey- mour, JNIrs. A. Coutts, ]Mrs. E. E. Kosling and Mis. Mary D. Perry, all of Tacoma. In 1913, State Superintendent Uewey, recognizing the value of the movement, began issuing a Parent- Teacher bulletin. In INIay, 1912, Tacoma again entertained the state convention and JNIrs. Hill was made honorarj^ state presi- dent for life by unanimous vote, and Mrs. J. C. Todd of Tacoma, and 31 rs. Robert ^lontgomery, wife of the able editor of the Puyallup ^"alley Tribune, were honored with offices. ]Mrs. E. E, Kosling, for seven years state treasurer, died in 1914.

A step that centralized and solidified the work of the Women's Clul)s was the organization of the Presidents' Council by jNIrs. Amy P. Sewall Stacy, a gracious woman who left he)- affectionate imjiress upon club life in the Northwest. She had come to Tacoma from Iowa in 1888 with her husband, Fitch B. Stacy, and two children, Ralph S., now president of the National Rank of Tacoma. and Mary, now ]Mrs. Alexander Thompson. Her first work was with the W. C. T. U. which then was the leading woman's organization. ^Vhen Aloha and Nesika in 189G joined in a call for a federation of clubs, jNIrs. Stacy was presi- dent of Aloha, and she ])resided at the first federation conven- tion, held in Tacoma. She became known as the "Federation IMother." Her genius in organization made her the leading- figure in the Women's Club movement in the West. Later she became professor of Bible Litei-ature and History in Whitworth College. In 1908 the consolidation of club interests liecame an apparent need and ]Mrs. Stacy formed the Presidents' Council, composed of presidents of all clubs that desired to join it. The plan immediately was successful. jNIrs. Stacy was made presi- dent and for four years she sen-ed, guiding the organization along sane lines, avoiding the sensational, and endeavoring always to sift the facts before definitely acting. And when she

MUS. .Wn 1'. S. STACY I'l'oniiiii'iit ill (lull ciirli's of the stjitc

IIISTOm' Ol" TACOMA 85

ilicd ill July. ]'.n-2, at the age of seventy-three, the community mourned. l'"or twenty-four years she tauglit the Men's Bible Chiss in tlie First Presbyterian Church, in addition to lier other duties. The presidents of tlie council since her death have been Mrs. 1". .1. Schug, Mrs. James A. Hayes and Mrs. C". P. Balaliaiiiiir.

The leading wonicn's clubs of tin- i)rcsiiit and their presidents are: Avoii .Study, Mrs. A. W. Johnson; Aloha, 31rs. L. I.. Tall- man: Altrua. Miss Xell Eidemillcr; Arecjuipa. Mrs. 11. K. C'liantler; Alpha Study, Mrs. C. K. Staudt: Aurora. Mrs. Jcimie Hammond: Business Women's, Mrs. Edna 15. laiiid: Carey, Mrs. C. M. Bligh; Cosmopolitan, Mrs. Thompson: Cliilil Study, ]Mrs. J. L. McMin-ray; Dixie Chapter of V. U. C.. Miss Julia Fletcher: Forethought, Mrs. R. E. Breckeiu-idgc: French.. Mrs. C. 1). Danahcr: lllahcc, Mrs. S. A. Small: lUema, Mrs. E. L. Davies; Ladies' Musical, Mrs. F. \V. Keator; St. Cecilia, Mrs. E. T. Dempsey; Home Economics, Miss Blanche Hazel- ton: Tahonia. .Mrs. E. I''.. Bcck\\itli: Xcsika, Mrs. Conrad L. Hoska; Officers" Council. P-T. A., Mrs. William F. Dodge; Monday Civic. Mrs. J. E. Tisdale; Progressive Study, Mrs. J. D. Knight: Woman's. Mrs. Florence Eiston: Tacoma Woman's Study, Mrs. Henry HcLin; ^^'itenagcmote Round Table, Mrs. James Cammack: Tuesday Study, Mrs. Roy F. Tyler; Twentieth Century. Mrs. Edwin Clark: .Mary Ball of 1). A. R., 3Irs. C. A. I'ratt: Virginia Dare of 1). A. R., Mrs. .[olin A. Parker.

\\'ithin recent years the clubs have dealt with the ])ure milk jtroiik-m; the pure food (juestion, in which Mrs. Overton (i. Ellis and Miss Esther Allstrum won a wider than .state fame: with the city jail, whose miserable inhosi)itality continues in sj)ite of wide criticism: with smoking on street cars, which recently was stopjjed: with |)ublic coniroit stations; with cigarette-smoking, and with many other ])robkins needing remedy, and in most ca.ses the women have succeeded in bringing about reforms. In a way the women's clubs have superseded tlie improvement clubs which for a number of years reveled in i)npiilarity, and wliicii were centralized hy the late Dr. S. M. LeCrone in the Central League with R. D. I.,ytle as president. Most of these clubs were jioisoned to death by jiolitics — a fate which the women's clubs thus far have escajjed.

CHAPTER LIX

1892-3 — COMING OF THE PHRA NANG FROM ORIENT — WOOLEN MILL IN OPERATION— A STIR IN UNION LABOR CIRCLES— FRANK ROSS' RAID ON INDIAN LANDS — UNITED STATES TROOPS CALLED — CHIEF

"link" DAVIS ACCUSED COUNCIL INVESTIGATES SCANDALS

CITY $.500,000 IN DEBT CITY CLERK ARRESTED — DEPUTY CLERK

CONVICTED OF FORGERY — WASHINGTON COLLEGE CLOSED — DEATHS OF TAVO PIONEERS— FIRST APPLES SENT TO ORIENT- BLIZZARD SWEEPS CITY AVOMAN FREEZES FEET.

Few events in Tacoma's history have attracted greater atten- tion tlian the coming of the Phra Xang— the first steamship to come to Tacoma from the Orient, June 17, 1892. She was one of the fleet wliich the Xorthern Pacific Raih'oad had employed for the oriental trade. Charles E. Marvin was chairman of the reception committee. The steamer Francis Cutting carried the committee, a band and many citizens out to meet the ship. Just beyond Brown's Point the liner was met. The Cuttino- whistled a signal and a fifteen-gun salute was fired from tlie cannon on the bluff at Eighth Street. Hundreds of Tacomans hastened to the waterfront to see the steamship tie up. Captain Watton, sur- prised at the reception, came ashore. A flat car had been turned into a speaker's platform. C. E. Hale introduced H. A. Corell. Captain Watton, Charles E. JNIarvin, A. X. Fitch, Dr. H. H. Cole, Col. Albert Whyte, Thad Huston and Orno Strong.

The Phra Xang, pronounced "Pre Xahng," was launched at Glasgow, Scotland, June 17, 1890. She had a registered ton- nage of 1,021, her average speed was eleven knots an hour though she could make thirteen. Her officers were English, her crew Chinese, and she brought tea, silk, sugar, rice, curios, fireci-ackers and Japanese liquor. On board were 183 Japanese bound for

86

IIISTOHV OF TACOMA 87

Sai) I'laiK'isn) and I'lutlaiid. TIrv wcrt' dressed in ready-made wliitr riian's clutliiiijf which fitted them little better than ^iiiiny sacks and they seemed to wear tluir t-oliars just as uneonir()rtai)ly detached from their shirts as I'a.stened. some prel'errin^- them one way, some the other. Kespleiideiit in white cotton <rloves several sizes too large, they tried to carry the white man s burden with dignity.

Phra \ang is a Siamese word meaning "the second wilV of the king" — the first wife being called Somdetch Phra Xang. As the king was said to possess thirty-two wives, names sJKuild have been easy with him.

The Tacoma Woolen Mill. I^. Walker, manager, was placed in operation July 28th, with 200 persons eni|)i()yed. and 70.000 pounds of Washington wool, costing 18 cents a pound, 'i'he building at the head of the bay, consisted of a main building 120 by (■>() feet, four stories high, a 40 by 40 boiler house, a scouring house. 120 l)y .'A), and a |)icking house. 40 by .'JO. At this same time James IJretherick had leased the old Lake Steilacoom Mill and was preparing to turn it into a \\()()l|)icking establishnient and tannery. The Tacoma concern produced its first blanket, and a eomnienilable pniduet il was. Rut like scores of the woolen plants of that day and for years before, it did not pay. Its officers turned the company into a clothing concern, selling — not making — men's suits, and it pros])crcd.

It was in 1800 tliat the Northern P.ieilie Kailniad first began trying to give to tlie city for |)ark purposes the parcel of ground lying between Pacific and ( liff avenues, and South Seventh and Xinlli streets, and the nll'cr was i-enewed in 1802. It has Iiet-n renewed many times since. The council was so fickle in its park ai)pro])riations in the early OOs that the park board would not take the ])ro))erty and various reasons have ])ievented its accept- ance since. Some <ia\- the city w ill leaeh the very impoiiatit duty of beautifying the- liiuH" liy one method or another.

Robert IJrucc. an iion moulder, stii'red union circles and inter- ested employers when he filed suit in .lune. 1802. against David Lister. John Meads, Krnest Lister, Thomas K. Fisher. Charles C. Steinberg. .Tonas Jennings, George Snow. .James .Murphy, (ieorge Mnii)liy. l'r((l Pait/. C". .L Olsen. H. F. .Stoyer. (Jeorge

88 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Freeman, David IMcAdams, William Cothrop, Alonzo ^Sliiier, Schuyler Yesler, Charles Neberding, J. A. Bishop, John C. Cmi- ningham and John Hartman, alleging that they, as members of the iron moulders' union, had prevented liim from procuring employment for three years because he, with his heliser, in the Cherry & Parks Foundrj-, had made five sewer rings in one day. He received notice from the union to appear for trial for "having raised the day's work of moulders in this place." David IMcAdams, Michael Toole and Schuyler Yesler signed the notice. Bruce was fined $.5, which he refused to pay, and was suspended, but several months later he paid, and received a receipt, signed by Ernest Lister, saying: "This is to certify that Robert Bruce has paid the $5 due from him to the iron moulders' union, and he can go to work at any time when he gets a job."

He was reinstated and immediately fined $2.5 for "scandal- izing Brother Kennedy." Bruce charged union persecution and said it was inspired by members because he did not spend his' money for liquor. Bruce lost his case in court.

Labor circles further were excited when Wong Chung and Kong, representatives of the Oriental Trading Company, opened a store room in the Bostwick Block, which had been rented for them by other persons. They expected to export flour from Tacoma and sell Japanese and Chinese merchandise. The municipal authorities assured them that they would not be molested. They were the first Chinese to venture in business here since the '85 eviction.

Frank C. Ross tried to build a railroad across the Indian res- ervation in 1892. His announced plan was to complete a line between Tacoma and Seattle. His scheme was to interest the Indians themselves in this railroad project and have them do the work on the roadbed through their land, thus evading the law that kept white men and their railroads off of it. President Grover Cleveland at once ordered troops from Vancouver barracks under Captain Carpenter, to stop Ross' railroad operations. The troops left the train at Seventeenth Street and marched to the docks, where they boarded the steamers George E. Starr and North Pacific and were carried to Brown's Point. Captain Carpenter instructed his men to remove the Indians without vising their

V.

>

HISTOIO' or TACOMA S9

weapons. l""isticuli's, wrestling and vigorous scuffling followed. The captain informed Ross that loaded gims would be used the next (hiy if the Indians returned to tlie work. Koss' lawyers ()l)tained a writ under wiiieh Cai)tain Carpenter was arrested by ( liailes Wooleiy who found the officer in his tent, and took liini to Seattle, wliere Ross won in tlie courts. He lost, however, when the case reached the Court of Appeals in San !• laneisco. After- waid Ross bonglit the tidelands and he figured in a large way for many years in attemjjfs to have tlieni developed.

t'oimcihnan Steinl)a('li in .Inly renewed his charge tliat C liiil I)a\is was |)(i-mitling saloons to opt rati' witliont licenses, an<l the council voted In in\estigate. The jidlicH' roi-cc consisted of eighty-seven men and the council inslrnctcd the cliicf In dismiss thii'ty-seven of them.

Through August and .Septembei' the council was investigating various officers. .Memhers of the board ol' public woi'ks were playing into each othei's hands. City teams weic eni])loyed in excavating tor ])ii\atc in(li\ idnals, it \\as said. City Clerk Smytii was accused of discounting time checks. Street .Superin- tendent James and Ff)remen DucomnKui and Welfinger were under fire. Smyth, when placed f)n trial, admitted that he had discounted three wai'raids for men who Mere in a hurry I'or their nioney. but that be had used his own I'mids and bad cbaiged flu- men lint $1 each. Doctor (iove filed affidavits showing that Smyth liad discounted five wan-ants. Conn(-ilinan Hcrry said the board of ])ublic works ])rofesse(l to know nothing about excavat- ing at Ninth Street and Tacoma Avenue, yet there was a bill ol' ^i.')U for filling a nearby alley, and though llu linance commit- tee had i-(-jected the bills, the board liad jiaid llicm. A similar (-ast- de\clopcd in the I'nion ,\\(-nue grading jnli. 'flic (-(iniu-il ci-nsurrd the bii;ird and ('il\ C lirk Sniylli I'm- "irn-gnlai-itics."

Tile city payroll was gorged. Km])loyes were far too nu- merous and salaries too liigh for the times. The total salaries aiiMiiiiih (I to an annual tax c((nal to !^l(i for cacli man. woman and child in the city. May "iTtb the (-ouncil cut oil" $3.5,000. Chiel' ol' I'olice l)a\is i-cdnced bis t'oi-cc to I'orty nii-n.

The city already was .$.")00.0()0 in debt. Controller .Slaughter gave stern warning to the (-oimcil. That body bail flirted again

90 HISTORY OF TACOMA

and again witli the salary question without a definite action, though the commercial cluh, at an indignation meeting, had shown the way to a great reduction in salaries. The council seemed still to be wearing the rosy siJectacles of 1890 and saw the world bright and i)rosperous, and it had just invested $20,000 in two blocks of land at Twenty-third and Adams streets for a public market. That was a great sum of money at the moment, but it may have been a wise expenditure after all as it seems to have brought to the city an additional number of farmers with cheaper garden jjroduce. About thirty-five wagons were using the stalls at a rental of 10 cents a day. ^Vith the hope of giving employment, and at the same time to meet a glaring need, the people in May of '93, voted for $.500,000 in sewer bonds — $4.50,000 for the Edi- son sewer, $.50,000 for the West End sewer, and $(),000 for the East I Street sewer. The vote was 1,8.53. or 370 more than the necessary three-fifths majority. The Eleventh Street Bridge proposal was still hanging fire. The board of public works, which three times had rejected bids for the bridge, finally let the con- tract, the following spring ('94) to the King Bridge Company of Cleveland, Ohio, at $70,096. Robert Wakefield was the Tacoma i-epresentative of the company. The board sold the special bridge bonds to C. Van Home.

Turmoil in the city hall continued, leading up in October, '93, to the arrest of City Clerk Smj-th, charged with embezzling a peddler's license fee of $(>0. A general investigation was in ])rogress. Doctor Gove being one of the energetic directors of an inquiry which, many leading citizens long had believed, would lead to a haul. The Chamber of Commerce demanded a 50 per cent cut in salaries, which aroused a storm of protest from the city hall. A wider protest was made when the grand jury ad- journed in February of '94 without indicting a number of men who, the public thought, riclily deserved it. In that month the council at last announced heavj' cuts in salaries.

February 17, 1893, while his accounts were under the scrutiny of investigators. Deputy City Clerk Francis D. McCain dis- appeared. It was discovered that he had been forging warrants, with his brother James, who also had left town as an accomplice. The ^\•arrants for their arrest charged thefts of $877.-50. The

PIKRCE COUNTY COURTHOrSE rictuii' tiiki'ii wlicii it wjis being coinpletcd in 18i'.'!

IIISTOHV OF TACOM V 91

forgeries were so prrlVct thai tliost- hkh whose sigiiaturts they had used were deceived. The hrothers were captured in \'ictoria. Fraucis was found guilty and stiit to prison.

Tlif nid plankinn on Pacific Avenue was in had condition and the council decided to pave from Seventh to Seventeenth streets with a six-inch hase of concrete and cedar l)locks. Physi- cians said the phuiking was a menace to health, and that if cliol- era. tlun appi'arin^' in Nfw \'()rk, shimid reach 'racmna. the planking would he a pest hole. I^ater the council changed its desires to hituminous rock. The Taeoma hituniinous j)aving company was the oidy hidder, at $69,980. But the city waited a long time for the paving. Controversy caused the delays.

Washington College was approaching dissolution. The attendance never had l)een as high as its hopeful progenitors had expected. Its dii-cctor, .Mr. 1). A. I'liU'ord, who had liecii in charge for about four years, thought he saw a saving i)la7i. That was to remove it to the open places near the lakes where the hoys could he separated from the distractions and tempta- tions of town life. A large tract of land had been oif'ercd free. The trustees were afraid to undertake .so radical a remedv . 'i'licy were hojjing to make a real college out of it. Pulford resigned and Mr. Jeffreys look the institution Imt the atro])hying process continued and in another year \Vashington College had closed. Its S.jO.OOO endowment, given hy C. H. W'light. passed into the treasury of Aimie ^Vrig■ht Seminary. Mr. I'ulford. contident of his (iw II |)laii. announced the ()|)t'ning of a hoys' school on the prairie in 1H9.'{. lie named it DeKoven Hall in linnnr of Dr. James DeKoven, who. in Kacine, Wis., conducted an excellent .school which Mr. I'ulford had attended. lie first established his school on the old .C'a|)tain Ainsworth Farm, where the l^ortland millionaire had tried his hand at pastoral pursuits and had diverted the coiir.se of Clo\ er Cii-ek.

Afterward the scliool \\as nin\-ed to the old Davisson Fai'Mi, on Steilacoom Lake and there it now is, with Mr. I'ulford still in charge and doing good work. The attendance is usually from forty to fifty hoys.

At the home of his daughter, Mrs. Clara IVterson. 3114 Pacific Avenue, Capt. Warren Gove, age seventy-six. died Octo-

92

HISTORY OF TACOMA

ber 9, 1892. He was a native of Maine, came to the Pacific Coast in 18.51 and to Steilacoom in 18.52. He served in the Legislature, was Indian agent at Puyallup and through the Indian war was (luarterniaster at Fort Steilacoom. Left three (huighters, Mrs. Ahce Latliam, Mrs. Fannie ^NIcReavy and Mrs. Peterson. A few days later, on November 14th, another widely kno^vn pioneer, \y. R. Downey, died at the home of iiis son-in-law, Police Ser- geant Leslie D. Ellis, 133.5 E Street. He was horn in Kentucky March 6, 1808. and was one of a family of fourteen. His father was a soldier of the Revolution under AVashington. He and his family came to Washington with the Riles-Loiigmire party, by way of dreadful Xaches Pass, in 18.53. Downey was the fathei- of twelve children, four of whom were then living — :\Irs. Louisa Guess. Robert M. Downey, John M. Downey and :Mrs. Elli.. Grandchildren were ^Irs. George Kandle, Mrs. Scott Hewitt, ]\Irs. Jennie Clark, ]Mrs. George ]\Iisner and William Guess.

The Rapid Transit Railroad Company was incorporated October 19th to build an electric line between Tacoma ahd Seattle. The county commissioners granted a right-of-way over the county loads. The Thomson-Houston Electric Company was to con- struct and operate it. Jolm Snyder was jH-esident and Lewis D. Craig, secretary, of the railroad company. This was the second attempt to build a line to Seattle. It got no further than incor- I^oration.

Another incorporation was that of the Puget Sound & Ha- waiian Traffic Company with E. F. Cadwell, John D. Scholl, F. S. Harmon, J. W. Berry and W. E. Simpson, as the stock- holders. The aim was to operate steamships to the Hawaiian Islands. ]Many of the manufacturing firms were financially interested in this undertaking.

Frank Ailing had just shipped twenty-six boxes of fine apples to Hong Kong on the Zambesi — the first shipment of Washing- ton ajjples to the Orient. They were sold at $100 a ton. Each apple was ^Tapped in paper, the boxes were of planed lumber, and the varieties represented were Baldwin, Rubicon, Red- cheeked and Xewtown Pippins.

The winter of '92 is still a matter of remark by those who remember it. In twenty-four hours Xovember 17-18, 3.07 inches

IIISTOHV OF TACOMxV 93

of rain IkkI fallen. ()l(l itsidcnts said it was [\\v heaviest I'aiii in forty years. Kailroad st i\ iec was suspended for several days. This was followed January 26th by a severe freeze and snow storm. The eold continued for two weeks. Car traffie was sus- pendetl at one time. The I'oint Defiance L,ine kept in operation only by rehabilitating its old steam motors. Falling wires one night disabled 400 telei)hones. and closed the light plant. Iljal- nier Jensen inadt- a pair of skis and enjoyed the s[)ort of his nati\c l-"inland liy sliding down Tacoma hills.

Mrs. Kusscl, a poor woman living near the Franklin .School, had ])laced her little boy in the children's home, in the liuckley Addition, so that she might work. The bill for his lodging was about to become overdue, and on the day of the storm she staitcd for the home to pa\ it. She reached there exhausted and desired to spend the night. The water pipes in tlu' building had burst, covering the tloors with ice, and crowding the inmates until no more could be aeconmiodated. The poor woman went out into the storm, but .she soon became so exhausted that she Avas taken into one of the residences and it was foinid that her feet were frozen. Early in the autumn the Indians had predicted a severe winter.

A Chinook wind rose, rain began to fall, the streams soon were all out of their banks, mud slides delayed trains, and Fehrnary l.'Jth Weather Observer Culver said that 8.34 inches of rain and snow had fallen since the storm began.

The real estate transfers for the year "O-J totaled $8,541, .30.}. February was the largest, with .Sl.200.!>28, and .Inly, with $101,- 894, the smallest. liaid< cleai'anees showed a decrease com])ared with "f)l, the total being $47,!>82..>0(i. There had been 8():J build- ings erected at a cost of $1,(;()4, .'{.'{(). Accidental deaths. 11): nun-ders, 3: suicides. II: total hirtlis. 704: total deaths, :i7'2. Kapid progress had been made in mamifacturing.

CHAPTER LX

THE MOUNTAIN XAilE ACADEMY OF SCIEXCE CALLS IXDIAXS AXD

PIOXEERS AS AVITXESSES PLUMMEr's GUIDE BOOK SEXATOR

squires' action TALK OF COMPROMISE IXTERCITY COM- MITTEE'S WORK CITY XAMED AFTER JIOUXTAIX CURIOSITIES

OF THE MOUXTAIX OLD REGISTER STOLEX EXPEXDITURES ON

MOL^XTAIX WORK AXD ROADS PRECIPITATION" RICKSECKEr's

ROAD RAIXIER XATIOXAL PxVRK CO:\IPAXY POWER ])EVELOP-

MENT.

The Tacoma Academy of Science had l)een formed and had hegun a work that soon was attracting national attention. It was led by a group of intellectual lights, and at its meetings were discussed many important subjects. The community long had been interested in the name of the mountain, which had been a bone of contention between Seattle and Tacoma for many a day. At a meeting February 7, 1893, in Annie Wright Semin- ary, the academy took uy) the question, "Is it Tacoma or JNIount Rainier?"

Great j^reparations had been made. General Kautz had lieen asked to attend and a number of well known Indians had been invited.

The presiding otticer said he would call for testimony from the best (jualitied to know the real name. He first intro- duced Cxcneral Kautz, who in 18.57, had attem])ted to climb the peak and who had been among tlie Indians of the Northwest for some time before that. He testified that he had found the name to be, in the Indian tongue, "Tahoma" or "Tacobet."

Lieutenant Van Ogle, who had fought through the Indian war, said that the Indians called it "Tahoma," though one old chief who in early days had taught him the Chinook jargon called it "Tacobet."

94

IIIS'I'OIO' OF TAC'O.MA 95

Jack SiiiiiiKitis. an Italian, asserted lliat all [\\v Sound Indians ealled it "Tacobet," luit that ■Taeonui" was about as elose as the whites could get to the proiiuuciatioii. Old man Tliatoii, then eighty years of age, through (ieorge Lesehi, interpreter, said:

"1 see all the ladies and gentlemen. I am going to eall the name of the nnnintain llic name (iod gave it. (iod ])\d me "ddw n livic- Ik lurf \(in caiiic here. lie put me liei'e i'or seed — pciliaps III' still ynu \\rvv. .My pcopK- lall mountain "raeohet' — George, his iiainc. ( pninliiig to Cieorge) ; 'Tacobet,' monnlains name- nolmdy ean ehangc — that is all."

John Powers, whose mother uas an Indian, and lalhei' a white, .said tin- Indians railed it ""racoliet." and George Lesehi, three-fourths Klickitat. ga\c tlic name as "Tacobet," although the Klickitats called in "Tahoma."

Judge .lames \Viekersham (|uoled a letter from B. F. Shaw, widely known in the territory and state for many years, which .said that "'I'aeoma Sladah" came rnmi the Skagit language and meant "a wmiian with |)l(nly dT iKMn-islmicnt in her brea.sts," and thai iiKiiinlains were called '"I laik-'raciuiias" because they resemliled a wdman's lii-easts — and \\ei-e supposed to rnniisli

plenty of nourishment to the lesser i intains. "The Hrst author

that 1 remember using the word was Theodore Winthrop; he called the snow peaks 'Tacomas.' " Shaw wrote.

A letter triuii .lames G. Swan, a well known student and u ritir. said the \is(|ually and I'nyallnp wdid was "Ta-ho-ma," or "Tah-o-mah. " lie gave the Clallam name I'or Mount Haker as "P'kowit/.." "Puhk-white." oi' "Kowit/."

"Kv(r\- .Sunday." the l''iill(i- weekly, sometime before this li.ad published an iiiler\ iew with C. P. Ferry, who had said :

"When or where do they think we got the name of Taeoma for the city' \\\- didn't invent II. W'liere had we even heard it ' Why. it v\as the name of the moimlain. I named this city and I nanted it after the mouidain. Where did the mountain get the name? Why. the Indians always ealled it by that name. Ta- ho-ma."

P. H. \'an Trump was (pioted as haxing said that .Sliiiskin. who gnid((l him and General Stevens to the mountain in 1S70, called it "Tah-ho-mah." ijronounced with great awe and rever-

96 HISTORY OF TACOMA

ence. Sliiiskin believed the mountain was the abode of a jjower- ful spirit who was the author of the mountain's eruptions and avahmehes. The Yakima definition of "Ta-ho-ma" was a rumbhng noise, while another tribe gave it "the gods."

Another witness was Jacob Kershner, who had come to the Sound in 1849 as a soldier, and who knew the Indian language very well. He said the Indian name for the mountain was" "Tacoba." The fact that the Indians interchanged "B" and "JNl" gave the whites difficulty in learning many Indian words.

The president of the Academy of Science was Hon. Frank Allyn; its vice presidents. Arthur E. Burns, Gen. August V. Kautz, Prof. R. S. Bingham, Attorney Edward Eric Rosling and JNIrs. A. H. W. Raynor. ]Meriden S. Hill was secretary, and the heads of departments were: William Curtis Taylor, science; Fred Ct. Plummer, Alpine Club; .Tames Wickcrsham. history; Cliarles P. Culver, law; ]Mrs. C. W. Griggs, literature. Judge Wickersham interviewed or caused to be interviewed about sixty leading Indians regarding tlie name of the mountain and its definition, and all of them signed documents testifying that "Tacoma" or "Tacobet" was the word, and they ail desired "Rainier" to be dropped. Peter Stanup. a well known Indian l)reacher, helped the investigation along. In the following May he was drowned in the Puyallup River. He said the mountain sometimes was known as "Tuvvouk. '

Among the Indians who testified was Angeline. daughter, and ]Moses. son of Chief Seattle, who said their father always called it "Tacobet": Mrs. Sitwell, Avife of the chief of that name; ]Mrs. Xapoleon, daughter of Leschi; ]Mrs. Napoleon, daughter of Chief Kitsap; JNIr. and Mrs. Burnt Charley; Mr. and JNIrs. Yelm Jim. Blind Bol). Bersy Bill. :VIrs. Old Jack. Texas Bill. Abra- ham IJncoln, Louis Yowaluch. Charles Wannassay. Gen. Hazard Stevens, Rev. INIyron Eells, John Flett, Elwood Evans and many other pioneers who had learned the Indian language added the weight of their knowledge to the "Tacoma" side of the scale.

There never was, and never can be any attempt at defenfling the use of the name Rainier, except that it is the "official name," fastened to the moimtain l)y Ca2)tain Vancouver, who distributed

IIISTOKV OF TACOMA 97

nomenclative lioiiors ain(jng liis friends whetlier they were deserv- ing <ir not. Admiral Itainier was a comparative nobody in tiic British navy and in tlif War of the llevolntion he had added whatever force lie possessed to the effort to repress the ^Vnierieaii colonies. Ih- never was nearer the mountain than the deck of his ship ill the Atlantic Ocean. The mountain was officially Cdliaixd with the name I)y .Sinatoi- S(|uirc, witliout consulting arixliody outsidt- of his home city. Several atlrm|)ts have been made in the jjassing years to change the name and there was a time when Fred (J. I'hnnmer. a member of the Hoard of Ge()grai)liic Xainrs, and always a true friend of the moun- tain, believed that tln' board was ready to hear the argument. IMummer pul)lished in the '90s a guide book to the mountain in which he set foitli its chronologj' as follows:

1820 (0— ••-'•iiption.

1843 — Eruption.

1846— Eruption.

18.)y — W'inlhrop records legends.

1857 — Lieutenant Kant/, attempts ascent.

1870 — Stevens-Van Trump ascc nt.

1870 — Ascent (0 hy Emmons pai'ty of three.

1880 — Bailey Willis maps northwest slope.

1883 — .Ascent by Van Trump \niviy of two.

1884 — Slight eruption of steam.

1886 — Paddock party established Camp of Clouds.

1887 — Fred G. Plnmnur mapped southern slopes.

1888 — Ascent by Ingraiiam jiaity n|' nine.

1889 — Ascent by Nichols jnirty of two.

1890 — Ascent by Tlitcheoek ])arty of five.

1890 — Ascent by Fay Fuller party of five.

1891 — Ascent by Van Trnni]) and (■(im|)anion.

1892— Serviss party. Tacoma to Crater Lake and return in three days.

1892 — Ascent by Bayley and companion.

1892 — Ascent by Dickson party of six.

1892 — Entire mountain mai)i)e(l by Fred (i. Plummer.

1893 — Washington Ali)ine Club incorporated.

1893 — ^Nlount Tacoma made a reserve.

98 HISTORY OF TACOMA

III the years sinee the Academy of Science radiated in Taconia the mountain name has occupied much space in the public prints. Even as far back as the early '90s some attempts at compromise were made, and the name "Blount Harrison," after President Harrison, had some vogue. "Tacoma" had then and now has, many loyal supporters away from home. The Smithsonian Institution early took a favorable stand.

While the Indians Avere giving of their knowledge concerning JMount Tacoma they also gave the original names of other moun- tains. Mount Adams was "Pah-to" and ISIount St. Helens, "Seuck" or "Seuk." Chief Seattle's son JNIoses said his father's name was "Seachl" and not "Seattle." JNIoses then was a student in Forest Grove Indian School, Oregon. He was an intelligent man. Jay Lynch, U. S. Indian agent, said the Indians about Fort Simcoe called JMount St. Helens "Lah-me-lat-clah," mean- ing fire mountain. JMount Baker, the Indians said, was "Kual- shan."

Col. John Puget, great nephew of Peter Puget, wrote from England, favoring the Indian name. The editor of the Archeol- ogist favored it, and several professors of note added their fi-ic-ndly testimony. Henry T. Finch, an author, known interna- tionally as a music and art critic, wrote on behalf of "Tacoma" for many years, quite recently contributing on the subject to the New York Post. George P. Serviss' great abilities as an orator were directed in behalf of the Indian name. Several colleges and historical societies took action and a considerable nmnber of newspapers and some of the leading magazines called it "Taconia." The true meaning of the word seems to be "snow- covered mountain" — that's the Indian testimony. The definition sometimes heard — "nourishing breast" — is believed to be fanci- ful. A few of the Indians said it meant "rumbling noise." The passing of time apparently has not softened the acerbities of the earlier days. JMany of the leading men of Seattle and Tacoma strongly favor a compromise. This became emphatic when some of the railroad comijanies raised objections to the use of hyphen- ated "Rainier-Tacoma" in their advertising matter. When the Intercity Committee was organized about four years ago by T. H. IVIartin, then the able secretary of the Tacoma Commercial

JULES STAMPFLEB He is tlio votoraii guide on Mount Ta- coma and at the (dose of the 1915 season he had made a total of 1L'8 ascents.

A. H. DENMAN A irlrnil of the mountain. His lectures (in .Mount TacoMia. and pictures of its cra-js and llowers, liavc done much to po|iuhiri/.c it.

ASTor;. l::nhx

TILDL.

TTTSTOin' OF TACOMA 99'

Club, there was liope tliat the eloser relations brought about between Taeoina and Seattle in the co-operative eft'ort to procure mountain appropriations from Congress would brin^' the (luarrel over the name to a heaii. It did have the eti'ect of softening' the tones of the newspapers of both cities whose editors were awake to the probability that if the echoes of controversy reached Con- gress they would be used as an excuse to escape maUing the needed apj)roi)riations. It was a situation like tliis tliat prevented the ])resentatioii of tlie name ease when Fred H. Plummer thought the time was lipe. I'lummers brother, Cieorge II., was instrumental in giving to the mountain one of the greatest adver- tisements it ever had. In 189-t he suggested to Palmer Cox. who then was ])ul)lishing his " Mrow nies."" wliieli altraettil iialional attention, to let his little make-believe peojjle visit Mount Taeoma. and it was done. In more recent years Benjamin Harvey has l)een pursuing the name Taeoma, finding it in many places. For a mimber of years some three do/en cities had "Taeoma" laiiiKJiics. tlii-, due to the wide adx ertising given in the earlier days to "Taeoma, Wash.," or "Take home a wash." 'J'he word thus has been played with by many advertisers of various articles in the ])ast thirty years.

The re])ly w hieh enemies of the name as applied to the moun- tain make is that it is a generic term api)lied indiseriminately to mountains. W'iekersham made tlie |)oint that there was no instance of the name being a])plie(l to any other mountain. The argument always has been with the name "Taeoma." Perhaps it may l)e adoi)te(l some day. If that is not done, then a com- promise certainly is to l)e made soonei' oi- later. In the course of a recent revival of the intercity tilt over the name, Charles T. Conover, a Seattle newspa])er writer, and a former resident of Taeoma, said that the Indian name of tiic ninmit.iiri was "Tis- waiik." Conover got this name i'rom Peter Stanii|). lie said. Jerry .Meeker immediately rc])Iicd that tlu)ugh he had known Stanup for many years, he never had heard him use the name "Tiswatik." and. ^Meeker continued, there is no such word in the Pu\alhi|)-\isi|nally tongue. Tlie Skykomish Indians. In- said, gave to the nmnnlain a name somewhat similar — "Tawauk" or "Twauk." .Meeker, who has di.scussed the subject with m.iny of

lou HISTORY OF TACOMA

the old Indians, is a firm adherent to the name "Tacoma," by whieh, lie asserts, tlie mountain was ealled for unnumbered cen- turies before the brilliant i^en of Theodore W'inthrop put it on paper.

The story is told of the name controversy coming up between Prof. E. S. ]Meany, the well known historian, of Seattle, and A. H. Denman, the Tacoman who has been so much of a force in making- the mountain known by his jjhotography and lectures. Denman finally swung into the argmnent, which he knows from beginning to end. JNleany listened intently as Denman made point after point. At the conclusion of the recital INIeany said:

"31 r. Denman, you have fully convinced me that the name should be 'JNIount Tacoma' — but it isn't."

It long has been regarded by Tacoma as an evidence of Seattle's obtuse intelligence or unreasoning stubbornness that even her college professors decline to accept the evidence sub- mitted by practically all of those who had first contact with the mountain and the Indians. These were Winthrop, Kautz, Stevens, Van Trump, Shaw, Swan, Van Ogle and others. Surely all of the dozens who have testified in behalf of the euplionious and meaningful word were not misled by a foolish affection for the City of Tacoma, as our neighbors often allege, as they charge that an attempt is being made to name the mountain after the city. Let us remember that AVinthrop's ])ook containing the name was pul)lished in 1862, while Tacoma was not named until 1869.

It was August 18, 1893, that Jules Stampfler made his first ascent of the mountain, in preparing himself as a guide. Up to the close of 191.5, he had made 128 ascents. In 1909 he made seventeen ascents with parties. The season of 191.5 was the earliest and longest ever known, and 1906 was the most danger- ous, on account of avalanches from Gibraltar rock. Howevei- two large parties went up — Guide I^en Longmire taking a Y. ]M. C. A. and Stampfler the Tacoma Boosters. No ascents whatever could be made in 1902 because all the icebridges had been broken down. The largest caves in the glaciers were seen in 1907 and 191.5. Jules and Joe Stampfler both testified that the snout of the Xisqually glacier has receeded in twenty-one years no less than 900 feet. The most recent measurement of the mountain.

EUGEMO liK KSKCKER

He l>uilt the great railroail tliat loads from tlio Xational I'ark Inn to I'nradiso Valley

ASTCI!. l:"

hlden fo;

HISTOUV OF TACOMA lOl

made in I'.tia. fixes its height at 14,408 feet. Scientists beUeve it once to iiavc l)ccii at least 2,000 feet higher. That was before a great eruption, which blew off" the peak.

A dead goose was found on the mountain toiJ in 1909. Chmbers have seen curious things up there: the tiny red worms in the snow; weasels pursuing niiee; l)uttertiies; small birds of many varieties; and one [)arly saw a gray scjuiirel. Gray wolves ha\e Iieen seen above tlie snow line in [jursuit of momitain goats, now and then a cougar is scrn al a higli altitude slipping over the snow in pursuit of food, and bears in the autunui go up between tile glaciers after bluel)erries. The .Stamptlers say that goats are most numerous on Kautz glacier. The Kautz is one of the six glaciers that originate at the \ ery summit, the others being Ingrahani. Xisciually. Knimons, \Viiithrop and Tahoma. The great mountain covers 100 square miles. It is fifty-six miles from Tacoma by air line; by road the distance to Paradise Inn, wiiich has succeeded the camp which John Ileese conducted for about fifteen years in Paradise Valley, is seventy-eight miles. Paradise \'all(.'y was iianuil l>y tlie Longmires in tlie '80s. At the lO.OOO-foot altifndc the circumference of the niountain is seven miles.

On the summit of the highest peak. Columbia crest, there has been ke])t for years a record book, though the original was stolen in 18!»1-. Mountaineers interested in preserving the intimate liistorv of the peak long have lio|)e(l that the thief, in a inomcnl of rcmorsr, might sind this \alnal)le book to the Feri'y Museum.

.Tohn l{eese established a camp in Paradise Valley in 1898. Captain .Skiiuier had had a camp two years before that. Mrs. Sue Hall opened her cam]) at Indian Henry's in 1908. Both of these camps wvrv set down in \ ast liclds of llowci-s. many of which have disappeared with the coming of man and beast. There are about .380 diff'erent ferns and tlnwciing jdants on the mountain.

The annual rainfall on the mountain is about 180 inches, or about four times tiie fall in Tacoma, whose average is 4."). 41. In places the season's snow fall is fifty feet. The glaeieis cover fifty-one scjuare miles. Xis(|ually glacier moves downward about sixteen inches dailv. .\f tinus tlic melting beneath the glaciers

102 HISTORY OF TACOMA

is very rajjid. This has been attributed to atmospheric changes. Recent observations made by T. H. ^Martin, who for some time camjjed near tlie snout of Xisqually glacier, may change tliat vieM'. He found that even after cold days the rivers suddenly will begin rising in the night, when the temperature is low. The theory is advanced that the glacier's melting may be due to heat from within the mountain. The steam temperature on the niahi crater is 150 degrees. Representative Cushman first interested Congress in the mountain in 190;3. obtaining money for a siu'vey. This work was delayed until 19()(). All told the government has expended but $300,000 on this great playground. In 191-t $.51,000 was appropriated: in 191.3, $30,000, and in 1910 the same. The state and county meantime have paid out money lavishly in the enterprise, the total reaching $600,000, the county's share of that being $.5.50,000. This has gone into good roads. The city sj^ent $22,000 for a right of way for the jjower line from the La Grande Hydroelectric Plant, in order to avoid cutting any of the fine timber along the mountain road. It was a fine example, but a futile one. to j^rivate interests owning timl)er along that majestic thoroughfare. In a few years most of the timber will be gone and the road deprived of its natural beauty. In places it already is bleak and forbidding, and the county has not yet imdertaken the task soon to become impera- tive, of curing the wounds that commercialism has left, by plant- ing trees along the road.

The wonderful highway from the entrance of the park to Paradise Inn is a monument to the genius of Eugene Rick- secker. United States assistant engineer, an idealist whose aim was to lead the traveler into God's grand places. He might have built a shorter road; instead, to reach Paradise Park from Long- mire's, a distance of twelve miles as the crow flies, he carried it twenty-four miles, w^th no grade exceeding four -per cent. The elevation gained is 3.800 feet. It was fitting that the point high above the confluence of the Xisqually and Paradise rivers, where his road seems almost ready to take wings, should be called Rick- seeker point. He died in 1911, at the age of fifty-two, before he could realize how much the public appreciated his achievement. Mrs. Ricksecker now lives in Tacoma.

Powerhouse Susponsioii bridge above Nisiiii;illy Hiver

View of reservoir Sottlinfj channel with d.-uii in ilistance <l;itc house at headways

D:iiii at hea<lworks Interior of powerhouse

TACOM.VS MUNICll'AI. l.lt.liT AXD POWER PLANT AT i.A CIvAMU;

rii

HISTORY OF TACOMA 103

The coiiiinn in r.M.5 of D. L. Kcabuni, an experienced park nuui, and well understanding the great aims of his superior, Kol)- ert Marslinll. lias given to the park development valuable superin- tendeiiee. and lie has done niueh to forward the success of the Rainier National Park Company, composed of Tacoma and Seattle men, which now is hnildiny a handsome inn to replace Reese's camp and in many ways making the ])ath of the tourist moif pltasmalilr. Active in promoting the mountain's develop- ment have hccn tin- Mountaineers, an organi/.ation of which Ilari'y \\'ccr is the local head. Among individuals who have helped much are A. II. Barnes, whose handsome book, "Our Greatest Mountain." is filled Avith examjjles of his superb photo- graphv: A. 11. Denman, after wlumi Dcnmaii Falls was named, George V. Caesar, Dr. F. A. Scott, F. A. Valentine, passenger agent of the Milwaukee railroad; John H. Williams, Asahcl Curtis, Prof. .John B. Flett and Charles Bedford.

Already the melting glaciers of the mountain are whirling the turbines of three great ])ower plants. The Stone-Webster plant at l^'Jcct r<in. iniilt in I'.lOk pidduces 28,000 horsepower. The citx- plant at 1 ,a (ii-andc. pi rclud on the verge of one oi' the most i)ictures(pie canyons in the West, contains generating machinery for 32.0()0 horsepower. The Stone- Webster ])lant at Lake Tapps, where White River is impounded, has an attainable product of 100,000 horsepower. Yet all this is but a beginning.

CHAPTER LXI

1890-2-3 WILLIS' WHISTLING WELL A GOOD BAROMETER

UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH GETS FOOTHOLD — DEATH OF GUSHING EELLS — THE "fIR TREE SUNDAY-SCHOOl" AND SPRAGUE MEMORIAL CHURCH COUNCILMANIC ELECTION POWDER EX- PLOSION IN POINT DEFIANCE PARK GREAT NORTHERN RAILROAD

COMPLETED DEATH OF GENERAL SPRAGUE A. V. FAWCETT

FEEDS 2,000 AT CHRISTMAS DINNER ORR DEFEATS FAWCETT FOR

MAYOR — COUNCIL IN FOUR-WEEKS DEADLOCK — FIRST GRAND JURY SINCE STATEHOOD.

John T. ^Villis dug a Avell 105 feet in depth on his property at Tyler and Boulevard streets in June, 1890. For the first year it lived an orderly life, and then it went on a musical toot. Henry Lobe, who lived near it, observed its conduct for some time and concluded that it was a tirstclass weather forecaster. At times air rushed from the well with a whistle; at other times the well sucked air in. "The whistling well" became well known. In its exjiirations the well threw out a gaseous odor. ]Maj. D. C. Stam employed a gas expert to examine it. He found no illuminating gas. Lobe learned that when storms were brewing the well whistled, and Avhen it sucked, cold weather was sure to come. He rigged a Avhistle on the well but the noise annoyed the neighborhood and was suppressed. Dr. C. P. Culver, the weather observer, thought it was connected with some distant cavern by means of a crevice in the earth, and that when the air pressure over the mouth of this cavern became heavy the well whistled and when the pressure was released it sucked. The well, he said, "is sim])ly a barometer. With a falling barometer it blows, and with a rising barometer it sucks. The weather fore- casts Mr. Lobe and others made from the well have been fully

104

mSTOHV OF TACOMA H)r>

as accurate as ni\ (i\\ ii (Iniiiit? the past winter, the only (hfference being that the well may tint he as sensitive to atmospheric condi- tions as my iiist iiiments."

Rev. Achiaii Iv K ii-k])atriek had heen sent to Tacoma June 1. 18!tl. to institute the work of the Tnited Presljyterian C'hureii. Tacoma \vas the l)irtliplaee of tliis sect west of the Cascades. June 7th tiie first service was hehl in the \ . M. ('. A. nxims, 1842 Pacific Avenue, with nineteen pei-sons prist'iit most oi' these tln-ough curiosity. I'dt a liuje services were lieid at the Uni- versity of Puget Sound, South Tenth Street and Vakima Av- enue. Octoher 1.). 181)1, a church was organized with twenty- tive meinl)ers, ten of wiiom had hefore heen members elsewhere, and a lot was bought at Sixth Avenue and Q Street (now Cirant .Avenue). January 1, 1S!).'J, a new eiiureli huihiingon tliis site was dedicated. Doctor i\ irk |)at riek was to remain until 190!) — a service of eighteen years and was succeeded hy Rev. R. ]M. Kerr, and he in turn hy the i)resent able Rev. L. Itobert Lamont I lay. The man who was regarded as the fatliei- of the church in Tacoma was Cnh .lames S. Rogle, \\iio long was ])i(imiiienl in civic affairs. It was he who Ixonght together tlie few memliers of the church \\v\v in ]H\):i and prevailed upon the board of liome mi.ssions to send a minister, and all through the following years he was active in chureh affairs. l''or a long time the kindly Roglc each day at noon fed the pigeons on Twelfth Street, just cast of I'acific Avenue. The birds alighted on his head, shoulders and arms until the man scarcely was visible. Day alter day. after he dit-d tln' liii-ds gathered there seeking their old IVietid. Cohmel Rogle came to Tacoma from Ohio in 1887 and made real estate investments, and In 188!) he came here to live. He died October 1.*}, l!tl 1. at the age of sevcnty-mnc. Mrs. liogle's trenchant [)cn lias made her wtll-kodwii to Tacoma news])a])er readers.

Rev. Cushing KcUs died T'elunary H!. at the iinme dt' his son Edwin. 708 South Q Street. He was eighty-three years of age, famnns as a missionary, and a most interesting character. Tie had been with Doctor "Whitman I)cfoi-e that cclcbi-atcd man lost his life in the massacre at Walla Walla. Since coming to Tacoma he had taken an active i)art in the minister's meetings and now ami then had ])reached. Perhaps the deepest interest

106 HISTORY OF TACOMA

that the aged missionary had in the closing days of his life was the Sjjrague ^Memorial Presbyterian Church. Early in 1891 a number of Edison people had gathered beneath a fir tree and organized a Sunday school and ^Ir. Eells was the superintendent. He was in fact the only teacher, and Sunday after Sunday his talks were enjoyed by a large crowd of men, women and children. iNIiss Ora Chamberlain had lent her organ, which was carried from her home to the sheltering tree. ^Vhen bad weather came the congregation took a hall at Soutli Fifty-eighth Street and Union Avenue. Late in 1891 the congregation built a church at South Warner and Fifty-eighth Streets. The church was organized as the Edison Presbyterian, Januaiy 17, 1892, with thirty charter members. In 1894 out of respect to General Sprague. who had made a handsome donation to the churcli. the name was changed. Three of the thirty charter members still live in Tacoma — Mr. and Mrs. "SI. A. Hard and ]Mrs. O. W. Barlow. ]Mrs. Barlow was a member of Mr. Eells' "fir tree Sun- day school" from the beginning, and her interest in the church has been continuous.

Otis Si^rague had been appointed receiver of the Tacoma and Puyallup car line, on petition of R. F. Radebaugh, its progenitor, who was a creditor to the extent of about $.500. In ^Nlarcli, '98. it was sold for $.50. subject to a $100,000 mortgage held by the. Mason INIortgage & Loan Company, which itself soon failed. The line was thirteen miles in length, and gave JNIason control of more than twenty-five miles of street railway. He at once began planning to double-track the line from Point Defiance to South Tacoma.

At the couacilmanic election April 4 the result was: First AVard, W. H. Harris, republican, 183; Second, Dr. J. T. Lee, republican, 386; Third. Isaac Pincus, democrat, 429; Fourth. J. J. Glenn, democrat. 231: Fifth. H. W. Nash, populist. 241; Sixth. J. ]M. Junett. republican, 109; Seventh, H. L. A^otaw, republican, 107: Eighth. D. Humplirey, republican. 74. The total registration was 5,48(5; and the total vote. 4,018.

It has been told heretofore how widespread was the use of powdei- in clearing land and in street operations, yet, so far as can be learned, not one serious accident occurred until one dav in

inSTOltV OF TACOMA 107

.luiic. "!)!', iilidiit twenty-five ijounds of explosive, storrd in the blacksniitii sliop at Point Defiance Park, was discharged. L. S. Carr, a teamster, was killed and five men wounded. The most recent accident from stump powder involved C. M. (iill. a real estate operator. A small hoy I'dund the ex])losive in a iiouse on Gill's property. It ixpioded. tearing- off l)()th of the lad's hand.s. A judgment of .%'J0,0()() was rendered against Gill. Expenses of the litigation added Jf!12. ()()() to that sum, making a total of $•42. ()()(). which (iill paid. l)ul it ruined him financially.

The lirst transcontinental train over the Cireat Northern Road left Seattle at 8:1.) June 18th, and arrived in St. Paul at 9:.').') A. .M. .luiie 21, two hours and forty minutes behind time. It was a train of five coaches. It crossed the Cascades on a switcliliaek which had six switches on the west side and three on the east. Three engines were reciuiied to get the train to the summit.

Christmas day, 1893, was a sad day to those who had learned to know (JcrRrai Sprague. He had died on the •ifth. IVom heaii, failure, at his h(Jine, 220 Tacoina .\\iniie. Few men who have lived in tlic Northwest had a greater number of friends. His kindly and helpful nature drew men young and old to him. Gen- eral Sprague was seventy-six years of age. He had been mar- ried three times. His first wife died in Ohio. The second, Julia Frances, had died in Taeoma May 2.'). }HH.'). from the effects of injuries received in a runaway. In 18!>() he married Mrs. Abbie Wright Vance. In 1880 he had withdrawn from the Taeoma National Bank, which he, with W. H. Hlackwell and others, had founded, and in 1802 he became president of the I'nion Savings IJank & Trust Company, and he also was vice president of the Puget Sound Savings Bank. Tiie turbulent times had inutli to do \\ lib bis death.

()n that same Christmas Day A. V. Favvcett, then county commissioner, gave a dinner whose dishes have rattled in the |)ob'ties of this locality ever since. He rented (iermania Hall and advei'tiscd thai he would give a Christmas dinnri' to children bitwccn the ages of tbitc and lonrtccn. Nine tables on the floor and tlirec on the stage accornniodattd the "J. ()()() persons who responded. W bib tin plan was to feed cliildren only, 150 women

108 HISTORY OF TACOMA

with babies in their arms, came and were fed. The dinner was set for 1 o'clock, but long lines of hungry youngsters were await- ing at 11, the feast began at 12 and continued 21/^ hours. Turkey was the big dish. Fawcett i^romised to make the dinner an annual affair. ^

Tlie municijjal campaign of the sjjring of 189-1 was bitter. Populism had grown rapidly and the party entered the contest with a full ticket. The Prohibitionists for the first time in the history of the city, brought out a full ticket. Split up conditions made the outcome uncertain, and each redoubled its efforts.

The Municipal League, suj^ijosed to be working for the city rather than party, was a factor. And so was the Fawcett Christ- mas dinner. It hardly had been digested by the hungry boys and girls before it had become a political issue, and it was a good one. It possessed not only immediate possibilities but an enormous reserve jiower which has made it an available asset for twenty-two years. Fawcett had just served a term as county commissioner, and with the Christmas dinner and his conmiissionership record he became the democratic candidate for maj^or. He did not win but he made an excellent race in spite of charges that the treasury of his implement store had prospered from county buy- ing while he was conmiissioner, and that he, if he had not used certain moneys illegally, had at least been unethical, and it was insisted that tlie financial career of himself and his board was no credit to them. These arguments had their effects, and the elec- tion result was: For mayor, Edward S. Orr, republican, 2,690; A. V. Fawcett, democrat, 2,021 ; Goddard, populist, 2.153; Hart, prohibition, 64; treasurer, J. W. INIX'auley, republican. 2,4<39; Fleetwood, democrat, 2,087; John Turner, populist, 2,292; Peter, prohibition, 68. Controller: E. V. Benham. republican, 2,545; S. C. Slaugliter, democrat, 2,277; Sheafe, poinilist, 1,947; Short- bill, prohibition, 80. City physician: Dr. J. F. Schug, republican, 2,983; Dr. C. Quevli, democrat, 2,253: Dr. Balabanoff, populist, 1,512. Councilmen — First Ward, Luke McGrath, populist, 233; Merrick, democrat, 216; Reed, republican, 211; Second, A. Cav- ender, republican, 756 ; Murray, democratic, 841 ; Kendell, popu- list, 140; Third, J. B. Thompson, populist, 640; Farley, demo- cratic, 600; jNIcJMurphy, republican, .^73; Shortbill, prohibition.

HISTOliV OF TACOMA 109

.'{•J: Mftcliaiii, iii(K])tn(liiit, 24."); Fdiiitli, \\'illi;iiii W'atsdii. popu- list. 472; Eatsclii. dcniociatic, 2«)8: DiiiT. iciMilillcan. ](■).'). l-"iftli, .loliii llartinaii. populist, 403; Wright, rcpiihiicaii. .■{()'.»: .Myliaii. (liiiiocratic. 222: Ciaisford, ])rohihition. 12; Sixth. II. II. W'anur, icpuhlic-aiu l.'}4; Carter, (leiiiocratic, 04; Kean, ])opulist, 71; Sev- enth. Ernest Lister, populist, 203; Eerry, re])ul)liean, 170; Grin- ikII. (Kniiicratic, 0.5; Ilawthonie. 1.3; Eighth, Koyal A. Gove, repuhlican, 83; Kuoble. in(ki)tiiil(iil. (')4.

The new eouncil proeeeded to a eontest over the election of a president that eontinued for four weary weeks. W. H. Harris, who had been elected as an "indei)endent repuhlican," was chosen. The contest was purely jiolitical. with repuhlieans on one side and pii|)iilists oil the other. Such s(|ual)l)ks are i'es|)onsil)le for the dtiM.iiKJ for non-partisan Noting and kindred idealisms. \Vhile the council had been tritiing all city business was delayed. The Eleventh Street bridge contractois were unable to proceed, light and water develoi)nient was retarded, and men who might have been employed were idle.

The first grand jury called in Pierce County since statehood, convened January 1."), 18!l4. It was composed of Frank I'. (Joodwin. farmer, Roy; L. U. Strayer, carpenter, Tacoma; Wil- liam Fettig. real estate. Buckley; Henry Jorgenson, contractor. Tacoma; J. L. Mann, wood cutter, Tacoma; Henry lieckett, farmer, Orting; E. Van Alstine. capitalist, Buckley; Henry A. Young. Tacoma: George Keif, ca))italist, Tacoma: Chris Iver- son. blacksmitli, Tacoma: .lojin ('.. .Shiydeii, druggist, Tacoma; AN'alter E. Whitney, deputy auditor. Tacoma: William Alex- ander, farmer. Elgin; \Villiam Zinrani. capitalist. Tacoma: Frank Waller, carjienter. Tacoma; W. T. Shute, contractor. Tacoma; S. H. Halkwill, real estate. Tacoma. Ten days later indictments were irturned against .lames Coopci- Wluilcr and .1. II. Wells, ])ublisliers of IIk True Hlnr. a weekly established a few weeks before. It had announced that it would continue only thiouah the municipal campaign. The True lilue had been |)ublishing severe attacks upon democratic candidates and olhers. Criminal libel was charged.

CHAPTER LXII

1893 PANIC CAUSES BANK FAILURE^DESPERATE ATTEMPTS TO

RAISE MONEY MANY CRASHES FOLLOW HOW MAHNCKE AND

AVORDEN SAA-EO BERLIN BUILDING FOURTEEN BANKS FAIL—

THORNE HELPS TWO THROUGH DIFFICULTIES INTERESTING

COMMUNITY PLAN SUGGESTED — BANKERS INDICTED, TRIED AND QUICKLY ACQUITTED.

One Sunday in ]May, 1893, it was whispered about that the ]Merchants' National Bank would not open the next day unless it could get $2;5,0()(). The clearing house officers met at 10 o'clock that night and provided $.50,000. Night after night the bankers met to hear conditions described. It was dispiriting. Dei^osits were being withdrawn rapidly. Some were putting their money in the ground or in safe deposit vaults; some were buying postal orders on British Columl)ia cities; some were with- drawing from American-owned banks and depositing in British- owned. The panic of '93 had struck the nation JNIay 4th.

Walter J. Thompson was president, and Nelson Bennett, a director, of the unstable IMerchants National. Both were mil- lionaires, and both were willing to do all they could to save the bank. Bennett was in JMontana and was sent for. It had been determined that he should succeed Thompson as president, as the public believed he had much ready money. He reached town at midnight and was taken to a meeting of the clearing house, where the perilous situation was described. After much urging he agreed to take the presidency. The clearing house had put up $100,000, and taken a mortgage on the bank building. A com- mittee of four went to Portland to procure money. They came home empty handed. Bennett then told the clearing house that if it would advance $200,000 more he personally Avould guarantee

110

IIISTOKV OF TACO.MA "1

it with aiM|>lc scc'iirlty. W'hilr tliii was iiiidti- coiisidci-atiDii a (kinaiid caiiR- lioiii .\'i\\ \ uvk I or SlUO, ()()(). That was llir dratli l)l(iw . Tlie hank did not open the next morning, June 1st.

Anch'ew- J. Haker, in 18H(). had hiid the foundation for the ^Mercliants" National Hank wlien he. with otliers, organized the ohl Hank of Taeoiiia. Walter J. Thompson, in the reorganiza- tion of tin's hank in ISSl. hreaiiic its president, a positi<Mi which In- luM iiiilil Heniutt was rU-cted.

The failinc ii\ itali/.ed (K-jxisitors' fears and steady with- drawals from the Amei-iean-owned hanks continued. While their deposits fell, the deposits of the Hritish-owned hanks rose. Atty. Ilerhert S. Criggs called County Clerk Ryan out of hed early .Iul\- -Jlst and inniK(liatel\- filed a jxtition for a receiver for the Tiadcrs' Hank. Judge Stalkii|) a|)pointt(i .Xddison (i. Foster. Ofliccrs and stockholders hojxd in this way to save the institu- tion. J'res. A. X. Fitch said that since the preceding ()ctol)er 82 per cent of its deposits had heen withdrawn. Col. C. W. Griggs, H. A. Strong and George Browne hastened to New York to raise money on the bank's securities. They were successful, and January I'Uh they telegraphed to the other officers to open the l)ank. It was good news to Taeoma. The institution strug- gled along until May 19, 1894, -when Judge Stallcup, on petition of Hewitt and (ieorge Hrowne, appointed Leonard llowarth receiver. The reoiiening of the hank and its hrief lease of life. had reduced its $l.jO.OO() deht to $.5.5.0()(). hut it was losing money. The trustees thiniL;lit there weiv enough si-curities to meet this and i)ay 7-) pei- ceni on Ihe ea|iital slock.

Hewitt, (iriggs and .Strong endorsed the pajjcr of the hank assuming an enormous load. Strong had Kodak interests and aftei-ward iKcanie \(r\ rich. He had liurmwed SIO.OOO (Vom Griyiis. who t(iok Kodak eulhiteral. (Jr'ings wanted the nmnev. Strong urged him to take the stock instead, predicting an enor- nions growth in value. In after years it was sho\\ii that his prophecy was sound, for (iriggs' $10.0(10 investment wnnld have yielded more than five hundred thousand dollars.

Meanwhile many other concerns had collai)sed. .July 21. 1H'.».'{, the Taeiima Xatinna! I';iih-d to open its dodis. It \\as in the hands of C'iiarhs Clary. spe<'ial agent of the ( 'nited States cnin|)-

112 HISTORY OF TACOMA

troller. Pres. W. B. Blackwell thought it could meet its obliga- tions. He raised $70,000 on his own securities and reopened the bank. But the enervating processes were renewed and again it closed, Blackwell losing his $70,000, plus assessment on liis stock. He did not recover a single penny.

Crash followed crash. The commercial universe seemed to be but a liouse of cards. The country was in the throes of hysteria, many of the catastrophes of which might have been prevented had the scrip which the banks issued in the "panic" of 1907 then been thought of. Yet there had to be a cleansing. The fabric was shot through with fictitious values and a form of fraud with which periods of speculative enthusiasm usually are poisoned. The gigantic liquidation was in progress and it paralyzed every industrial sinew. The Xorthwest suffered most. Rich men sawed wood, picked blackl)crries and dug clams for a livelihood. Women with diamonds and valuable deeds resorted to kitchen labor to keep the larder replenished. "Remittance men" who had been desjiised by their fellows, now were followed about — they might have a few nickels to lend. Men who had ridden in carriages walked, though the empty street cars, rattling in their own poverty, would cany them for five cents. Fine j^roperties, oace rich revenue-producers, A\'ere a drug, and were given rent- free in return for mere guardianship. At the sheriff's auction block judgments for $75,000 against a well known Tacoma man were bought bj^ his friends for $75. Hatred soured every com- munity. Those who had been rich and especially the bankers, were held resjionsible for the cataclysm, and were threatened with jjersonal violence. There was want in high places, and the laborer who had a steady place at $1.50 a day could pity many of his fellow's who a fe^^' months before had been spending incomes of several thousand a year. All had been struck by the rebound of their own folly and laugliter quit the land.

Some of the men who owned good buildings become the jani- tors of them, struggling to retain possession. A striking case was that of Henry ]Mahncke and Charles ]Muehlenbruch, who in February of '93, had completed the Berlin Building, at a cost of $100,000. They had come to Tacoma May 7. 1882. and had bought the Plummer Brothers' bakerv, land and all, on the north-

IIISTOUV OF TACOMxV H^i

west corner nl' I'aiitit' A\cnue and Kleventh streets, for $4, 000, and the next year they bought an adjoining lot from J. W. Pink- erton, for $4,000. Stumps still stood in tiie streets, and tiieir property was on the southern outskirts of the business district. They at length accuiuulated enough to begin tile building in 31av, 181)2. Completed, its first floor became the home of the Traders' liank. Muelilenln luIi liail sold nut before the pinch began. Maimrke was hanging on only \>y the skin of his teeth. Kentals dropped to almost nothing. Mahncke became his own janitor, furnace man and roustabout, (i. A. Worden had lent B2,.30() on the jjroperty, taking a third mortgage, lie couldn't get his money, so he leased the building. ]Mahnckc contiiintd as custodian, ^\'ol•den. in order to be close to operations and save all that was possible, took the position of elevator boy. They (juickly joined the 10-cent lunch brigade whose growing meml)crs and great democracy really gave a joy to the community. l{u- dolph Knable's restaurant, about where the National Realty Building stands, was the "millionaire's club" of its day, and there gathered the jovial ^onls ol' the community daily, to eat a little, and discuss so mucli that the habitues became know n as the "Strat- egy Hoard." \Vor(kn had some money and lie kept furnishing it to Mahncke in dril)s until a considerable sum had been paid. .Mrs. Ilattie M. Thomas lent -^-iO.OOO on the building and took a second mortgage. The first mortgage had been lield from the beginning bv the Penn Mntnal, which was satisfied to wait. Six years ago all who had waited came into their own when the Scan- dinavian-American Hank paid $27-").000 for the iirojierty. Wor- den and Mrs. Thomas each had a (luartcr interest, worth about *^,50.00(). Mahncke had a half interest.

There weri' twenty-one baid<s in the little city when the storm fell. Many of them had been created out of nothing. l)ut the legitimacy that they lacked did not at the time soften the

pangs that their dejiarture caused. There survived the London & San Francisco, now the Hank of California; the National

Rank of Commerce, now the National Hank of Taeoma: the

Hank of Hriti.sh Columbia, which later was sold out and closed;

the State Hank ol' Piigrt Sound, tiic I'aeific National, the Citi-

114 HISTORY OF TACOMA

zens National, which soon merged with the Pacific National and the Fidehty, seven in all.

Chester Thorne liad been made president of the National Bank of Commerce when he was in Europe in January, '93. President Wade had stepped out in the hope that Thorne would save the institution. Thorne had come to Tacoma about two years l)efore from New Yoi-k. The failing bank was not by any means to his liking. He already liad lost considerable sums in Tacoma.

But he did not hesitate to face the task that confronted him when he returned to Tacoma in JNIarcli. His bank's capital and surplus was wiped out, but he succeeded in getting enough money — about two hundred thousand dollars — to keep it open and it has been open and growing ever since with Thorne still at the head of it, and he has succeeded in placing himself in an enviable position in this community. A natural enemy of community factionalism he has avoided wherever possible any alliances with factions until he has come to be a sort of community arbiter, a position to whicli his genial nature adds strength. He lias performed so many acts of happiness both in the interests of the public and for individuals in distress that his friends are without number.

Tliorne not only saved his own bank, but he afterward saved the Fidelity as well. This bank had been fortunate in having the Northern Pacific Railroad receiver's deposits which gave it a good standing witli the public and saved it from much trouble. Later on these deposits were removed. It had had the county deposits also but these were sAvung in the course of business, to Thome's bank. But when the actual transfer came to be made President Tom Wallace, of the Fidelity, found to his great alarm that he did not have in his bank as much as the county deposit amounted to. His difficulty was precarious. Had it became noised about, his bank probably would have failed. Thorne, however, quickly came to the rescue and by putting up the balance necessary Wallace's bank pulled through.

The faihire of business houses, closing down of industry and lack of employment brought additional crime. Robberies, suicides, and burglaries increased. The Daily News offered a plan for relieving the poor by using the credit of the city. The

TTTSTOin' OF TACOMA 115

(1l\ ice was to guarantee its warrants, the idle were to l)e put at piililie work, paid in warrants wliieh sliould lie (le])osite(l in the I)anks to tlie credit of the hohlers and by the hanks with the clear- ina' house association. Doctor l^ee oti'ered a resohition in tlie council to pledge tliat hody to the ])roject. II. L. C'iiase, lluii in Taconia from Spokane w hei'e he was receive!' I'or a hank, hclieved the plan goo<l il' the citizens of Tacoriia wmild stand together. ^Vithdrawal ol" gold to Euroj)e had been going on for iiionths. The News" |il.in was to -iplilv the greenhaok idea to u local trouble- in other worils to use the credit of the city and the confidence of the people. Probably a majority of Tacoma people I'avored the Jilan and great pressuic \\as brought on the council, but there were wise men there who fore- saw the piling up of an enormous numicipal debt that in the future might iti'iurt- tlii' city far more than tlu' fluxing process then going on.

Indictments were returned against W'alttr .1. Thom])S()n, Ilein-y Drum, Samuel C'ollyer and K. .1. Davis on eight counts in coimection with tiie failure of the ^Merchants National Bank. C(tllyei- already had been indicted for olitaim'ng money on false ])retenses. It was charged that he had accepted .$;?()0.70 from George Bott. a saloonkeeper, and had issued a draft on tiie Cha.se National Bank, of New York, when he knew his bank to be insolvent.

The State Savings Bank closed and Judge Stallcup appointed .1. S. Whitehouse receiver. It had $7.'J-j'2.78 in cash, securities amounting to ^I.IO.IO.'}.!.): demand dejjosits of $03,14..5.44.; sav- ings deposits of S10.8!>.j..).) and total assets of $189.17.'$..)!. Its chief depositor was the City of Tacoma with $81).n82..>7.

The tii;il of Thonijisdn. Drum. C'ollyer and Davis began it! the United States Court August 1.5, with Judge Gilbert, of Port- land, on the bench. T'nitcc] States Distilet .Vttoi'iuy Brinker ])rosecuted. while the liankei's were representt'd by Crowley, Sullivan «.\: (irossc\ip, Hudson iV Holt, Bichards, Duiuiing. 31ur- ray & Pratt and H. J. Snively. The trial lasted two days and resulted in acquittal.

CHAPTER LXIII

ALBERTSON ABSCONDS — HIS SEATTLE COUSIN ABDUCTED — ALBERT- SON AND CHANDLER CAPTURED IN OREGON,, BROUGHT BACK AND TRIED — BANK RECOVERS SECURITIES — CACHED ON BROWN^S POINT EXPOSITION OPENS ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL DEDICATED.

Edward Albertson, cashier of the Fidelity Trust Company, disappeared in August, 1891. after having stolen a large amount, and there followed an exciting string of incidents. The first intimation the public had of the absconding was the news of the "mysterious disapjiearance and absence" of John Cohoon, Albert- son's brother-in-law, and it was charged that he had been abducted and was being held in a secret place by detectives led by M. C. Sullivan, of the Thiel Agency. Cohoon was kept in the Donnelly Hotel and Harry H. Collier, then a porter there, was detailed to wait upon him. Collier was told that Cohoon was a dangerous lunatic — a plausible story, as the hotels in that day, before car lines had been built to the hospital at Fort Steilacoom and before automobiles had come, frequently lodged insane persons for a night or so. Sullivan denied that he was detaining Cohoon, but when he learned that Cohoon's wife was ill from worry he took Cohoon to jail where he was held in default of $10,000 bonds.

Then Sullivan and Deputy Sheriff Evans, with a warrant issued from Justice Harry A. Sharp's court, went to Seattle and arrested R. B. Albertson, cousin of Edward. The arrest was made in front of the Rainier Club. Albertson was with William E. Bailey who insisted upon accompanying his friend, and he entered the closed carriage which the officers had brought. They were taken to Black River Junction where Sullivan expected to catch a train for Tacoma. Seattle friends of Albertson learned

116

■I"

WHEN TIIK TDIKIsr IKiTKl, WAS HIILDIM. I X THK KAl.M.V 'ilils

WASHINGTON EXPOfSI'lMON miLDINli Erwtpil in 1891 in seventy-two days. Destroyed Se|>tenilii'r 20, 1898, by a lir.' st.iitinK in a

eari)cntcr 's shop in tlie basement

I'u

HISTORY OF TACOMA 117

of tlie arrest, hastily organized a rescue party, and procured warranto for tlu' arrest of the detectives. The train was late and hel'oiL' Sulli\an .ind l'-\aiis could get their prisoner out of King County they were arrcsti-d. chai-gcd witli abduction, and taken back to Seattle where ^Vlbertson was released.

Early the next morning .Vlbertson, Bailey, George H. Pres- ton and Herman t'liai>ln came to Tacoma and going to Justice Sharp's court asked it' a warrant liad been issued. Sharp replied in the affirmative, reading a ])(>rtiiin of the warrant to Albert- son who at once ])laced hiinsclf in the ')ui-isdiction of the court. Shar]) fixed his bail at •'j^.j.UOO, which ])rniiiptly was furnished, the securities l)eing Governor Ferry, HaiUy and Chapin. The warrant had been sworn out liy T. H. Wallace and charged Albertson with aiding in the conccahiunt of "stolen property, to-wit: Notes and otiier valuable securities of the value of $9,000." l)elonging to the Fidelity Company.

iVlbertson was given a hearing in Sharp's court September 1.) and it then developed that the accused man's cousin, Edward, tlie cashier, had rciiidved securities wortli .'*<»)()(). 000 from the company's vaults. He had placed ail the books and papers of the company in the vaults, then had inserted a match in the com- bination so that the officers could not o])en the bank for business. Albertson then sent a letter to T. B. Wallace, advising him of what had been done and promising that if Wallace would sign certain papers, copies of which were enclosed, get a 1)oat and one boatman, row to Brown's Point and there deliver the signed papers to Fred X. Chandler. Ik' would be given the securities and the new combinations of the vaults. All this must be done l)efore D o'clock that morning or the securities would be bui'ned. AVallace testified that he had received the letter at 4 o'clock in the morning, and had at once consulted the other officers of the bank, the irsult being that he had made the trip and at the i)oint designated had received the pajx'rs. vault combination, etc. The trial lasted several days and R. B. Albertson was bound over to the superior coin-t September 17th. An examination of the books showed that Edward Albertson was short in his accounts about $20,000, the amount which he admitted to have taken.

Edward Albertson and Chandler were captured near Gardi-

118 HISTORY OF TACOMA

ner, Coos County, Oregon, September 16th after Albertson had been shot in the side by an excited member of the jjosse. Chandler was brought to Tacoma at once and Albertson as soon as his wound Avould permit. ]Most of the stolen money was recovered at this time. October 23d Edward Albertson pleaded gaiilty to grand larceny. He exonerated liis cousin, who asked for a change of venue. Judge Allyn sentenced Edward Albert- son to ten years in the jienitentiary, and Fred N. Chandler to five years.

One of the incidents of the period was the second disappear- ance of Linus E. Post, who in 1887 had come to Tacoma and started the Tacoma Building and Savings Association. About a year before he came to Tacoma his coat was found on a river bank near Xew York City, and for a while it was supposed he had been drowned. Later it developed that he merely had dis- ajDpeared. In Tacoma he made a number of careless investments and lost his position with his banking concern which was taken over by Vanderbilt interests. P. V. Caesar, who was casliier while Post was in charge, remained with the association, wliich became the Metrojiolitan Savings Bank. Twice the Vanderbilts saved it from failure. In later years it liquidated, jjaying all depositors. After Post lost his position he went to New York in a theatrical enterprise and there again drojiped from sight. For about twenty years he was lost to those who knew him. Some four or five years ago he reappeared in England, where his married daughter lived. He died within recent months.

When the Western Washington Exposition Company opened on the evening of September 10, 1891, a dream of Henry Bucey's was fulfilled. About two years before, he had conceived the plan after a small exhibition of Washington products had demon- strated its attractive power. He drew about him a number of the leading business men. Companies were formed and incorjior- ated several times before a successful combination was effected. On the evening of December -1, 1889, the "Xorthwest Exposition Company" was formed at the Tacoma Hotel Avith W. J. Thomp- son, B. W. Coiner. Gen. J. W. Sprague, T. B. Wallace, Bucey and others as trustees. President Bucey reported that $.50,000 had been subscribed, and he was authorized to buv for $18,000 two

ST .IDSEPH'S HOSPITAL (CATHOLIC)

Hiiilt l.y tlic Sisters of St. Francis in 1891 and razed in order that tlie new St. Joseph's, opened in the fall of 1915, niiglit lip l.iiilt

I'ANNIK PADDOCK HOSPITAL

Hiiilt in 1M,S(! and removed in 1915 to make room for the Tacoma General .•nid Fannie

Paddock ^reniorial Hospitjil

TiLi!;.

HISTORY OF TACOMA Hi'

l)locks of land between North Seventh and \i)rtli Kightli streets ami G Street and Taconia A \ time. .Just alioiit a year hiter tlie Western Washington Kxposition Company was incorporated with Charles E. Hale, \V. H. Cushnian, C. A. Snowden, 1. \V. Anderson and Fred F. Laeey as trustees. By the 1st of Mareh. lS!tl, Proctor & Dennis had completed ])lans for the building, it \\as III lie t\\o slcirics in liciglit and "JSO iiy ."{OO feet in its ground dimensions. Two nionlhs \n\vv [\\v cimtraet to liuilil was let to 0|)])( rinann & Berens at .$72.-ll'7. ol' which .$1().()()() was to lie i)aid in stock.

For this undertaking the public subscribed $1)."),8(J(). The largest subscribers to the stock were Theodore Hosmer. Paul Sehul/.e, .lolin S. Hakir. Henry Hewitt. Jr.. Col. C. \V . Origgs, ^\■. H. Fife, ^'an Ogle Allen C. Mason, Henry Bucey and Proc- tdi- \ Dciuiis. Ivicli suliscrilnd $"J, .")()(). About one hundred ])C'r- soiis held stock. Opi)erniann iV Hcrens completed the building in just !)() days in which time .■$,.')()().()()() i'eet of lumber was sawed and nailed into the structure. The skylight work had been done by Peter.s & MilK r. tlu- inachinerj' was made by the Tacuma Foundry & Machine Company and was installed undei- the personal super- vision of Mr. Warner. The Kdison Company I'uinished the electrical et|uipment. K. S. (ilover selected and suptrintcnded the hanging of the oil paintings. F>. O. Schwagcrl plaimcd the floral arrangements.

The weather was bad and the streets nmddy. yet tlu' great building, ablaze with lights, was crowded for the opening, which was indeed one of the most brilliant affairs tlie city ever has known. Hundreds of guests came from other ])laces. The state press association was in session in Tacoma and most of the editors attended the opening. Governor Ferry, Lieut. Gov. Charles Fi. Fanulitnn. Secretary of State .\ll( n Weir, State Ti'iaMirer T. M. Beed. Sniveyor General Tlmnias H. Cavanaugh, Sujit. of Pub- lie Instruction R. B. Bryan, Col. J. C. Haines. Adjt. (ieii. R. G. O'Brien and otiier notal)les were i)resent. The Comi(ine Theater Band of 2.) pieces played. President Hale's address of wclc<(me v.-as a review of the history of the institution and a greeting to the visitors.

Hon. Patrick Henry Winston, of Spokane, replied to the

120 " HISTORY OF TACOMA

address of welcome and on behalf of the state complimented Tacoma and the exposition company upon the spirit it had shown in making such a fine exhibition of the resources of the state. JNIiss Louise Hale, the little daughter of President Hale, then pressed the button that set the machinery in motion.

St. Joseph's Hosjiital was dedicated October 11, 1891. Rev. P. F. Hylebos had brought to fruition the dream of years. He had caused to be sent to Tacoma from ]Montreal a company of Sisters of St. Francis, and long they and the Catholic priest had labored in the gathering of the finances necessary for the work. The hospital was begun under the name of St. Francis, but was changed to St. Joseph's. Sister Philomina was at the head of the sisterhood in Tacoma when St. Joseph's was built. It stood where the present commodious structure, completed last year at a cost of $400,000, stands. It had a frontage of 1.30 feet and had wings 50x90 feet. It had 200 beds and cost $.50,000. It was dedicated by Rt. Rev. Bishop Gross, of Portland, assisted by priests from other Northwestern cities, and attracted wide attention. The great hospital dedicated to a service of mercy in the fall of 191.5, is five stories in height with a roof garden, its main building 261 feet in length, and its capacity, when completely furnished, about four hundred patients. Eighteen hospital sisters and 3.5 nurses are engaged. Sister N. Demetria is in charge. Sister X. Asra, who was in charge when the hospital was build- ing, is now at St. Elizabeth Hospital, Baker City, Oregon.

Good hospitals have much to do with the advancement of medicine and surgery in a community. But in spite of the lack of facilities until the new St. Joseph's and the Tacoma General hospitals were completed, Tacoma had had the advantage of an especially able group of phj^sicians and surgeons, some of whom have much more than a local reputation, and who are l)ring- ing important cases from distant places. It is doubtful if any American city of its population has practitioners of higher attain- ments than Tacoma possesses, and now no patient need go else- where for the most exacting surgical and medical attention unless specially advised. With the excellent Northern Pacific Hospital, costing $175,000, completed in 1905, with 150 beds, a county hospital of unusual worth — in fact one of the best in the country

lllllllM' " ."

iiinillllMI n I

n\ il »-^ i i'T

TALXJ.MA llENKliAL HOSPITAL Completed in 1915 at a cost of $275,000

NEW ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL Completed in 1915 at a cost of $400,000

NORTHERN PACIFIC HOSPITAL Built in 1905 at a cost of $175,000

HISTOKV OF TACOMA 121

— the Tuberculosis Sanitariiini at Lake VieAV, the City Contagious Hospital, and tlie great St. Joseph's and the Taconia General, Tacoina now may expect a more rapid advance, if that is possible. Coiiiiiicrcialiy these institutions mean a great deal to the city, as they draw from a wide territory; and in the alleviation of pain and the relief of mankind's ills, who can undertake to estimate theii- great wmth :'

TIk' Xorlhern racilie hospital was Imllt I)y llie Northern Pa- cific lienetieial Association which has been in existence for thirty- three years. Dr. Hamilton Allan was its first chief surgeon. He was succeeded June 1. Ht07, by Dr. S. W . Mowers, who now is in eharge. The hospital has treated ■i2,.521 cases. Its staff consists 'if five surgeons and fourteen graduate nurses.

The Tacoma firemen incorporated the Fire Department Pen- sion l''ini(] and llelief Association November 7, 1891. This was made jjossihle by the council passing Ordinance Xo. -lOT which l)rovi(led that all money derived from the sale of old and unsafe ajjparatus. money earned by pumping out of wells and cellars, and fines and penalties assessed against members, as well as ali donations made to tlie department should go into such a fund. The officers elected were H. M. Lillis, president; W. R. Konell, secretary: and A. J. Bruemmcr. treasm-cr. The association has been a source of satisfaction both to members of the fire depart- ment and to the citizens, it lias saved from poverty many men who through age or misfortune would have been left stranded after years of loyal ser\-ice in a dej)artment in which loyalty and bravery must combat w ith many dangers.

CHAPTER LXIV

BENNETT OPENS WAR ON WATER AND LIGHT COMPANY WINS ITRST

BATTLE THE WRIGHTS TRY TO STOP SUNDAY CARS WRIGHT

SUGGESTS THAT CITY BUY PLANT COUNCIL PROVIDES FOR

SPECIAL ELECTION CREATES WATER COMMISSION COMPANY

SEEKS LARGER WATER SUPPLY AMERICAN LAKE PLAN OPPOSED

COMPANY JIAKES PROPOS^VL TO SELL BENNETT HAS A PI-AN

HERING INVESTIGATES AND REPORTS LABORING MEN ASK FOR

BRIDGE TO TIDE FLATS.

Sporadic attacks on the water and light company had become almost a matter of public amusement. Politicians playfully had been kicking the Wright interests around ever since the day of Editor Cook and the fractious Captain Burns. JNIan after man had been elected to office on bumptious platforms. The coimcil- manic way was strewn with unkept jiromises. But when the Tacoma Hotel Company in October, 1890, took up the cudgel the issue finally was joined. The indomitable Xelson Bennett, the hotel owner, was angry to the core.

When Bennett bouglit the hotel the water bill was $7^ a month ; the bill for September was $.50'2 ! He refused to pay it ; the water company threatened to cut his service off. He filed suit to restrain. He complained that the company also had raised the rate at his residence from $18 a quarter to $33. Ben- nett wrote that "we do not complain of the prices per gallon, or the price charged for domestic purposes by the Tacoma Light & Water Company: but we do complain of the amount of water we are charged with as compared with other cities and other con- simiers for like service. We also do complain of the neglect on the part of the Tacoma Light & Water Company to fin-nish this city with pure, healthy water where there is such an abundance

122

IIISTom' OF TACOMA 123

at tliiir coiiiniaiul, ulsu of the aihitrai} rules enforced by the com- pany toward its [)atri)n,s. '

JicniRtt said he did not l)cHeve tlie company had twenty patrons who were not comphiining. Shortly alter he bought the hotel he was notified that the company would have to charge $75 extra on account of the hotel elevator. I'umps then were installed and the water was used over and over on the elevator, l)ut the wahi- liill grew. A meter was put in by liu' water C()iiii)aiiy, ami the i)ill again increased.

Bennett denounced the company's alleged surveys on Circcn liiver as absiu-d. Indeed it was not long before the company began talking nf Auierieaii Lake as a possible source of supply. Hennett at the same time attacked the gas rates charged by the company, and the pressure became such that the council met to discuss the sul)ject. Councilman Johnson favored an ordinance reducing water rates. Clement argued that if, because of the trouble, C. B. Wright withdrew from the city, the city would be killing the goose that laid the golden egg, and lie thought a man whii was earning $"J a day could afford to pay his water rent in order to have a job. This was a popiilar view. TTundreds were leaning upon Wright.

Sujjerior .Judge Beveily decided the hotel case in Bennett's favor. He also ruled that tlie water company had no right, U'lder the lianchi.se. to impose an extra tax ol" five per cent I'or non- ])ayment of bills.

One of Bennett's war moves was to dig a well Jiinety feet deep l)ack of the hotel. The water, however, was brackish and could not be used. When W. B. Hlackwell took the management of the hostelry he found this well an economical asli dump. One of the del'ensive ste|)s of tiic watci' eonipany was an alteni])! to ])r(V(nt the steam dunini\- on Heiim-tt's ear line IVoiii iiinning past St. Luke's Church on Sundays. It disturbed the service. The Wright interests were strongly rei)resentcd in St. I>uke's Church.

At the end of March C. B. Wright wrote from Pliiladel])hia a letter to the coimcil in which he .said that when he built the Tacoma wateiworks he had expected to live to .see the city grow to a poi)ulation of 10,000 and had i)laiuicd the system accordingly, Imt the eit\- had grown to four timrs that sv/.v\ His visit to the

124 HISTORY OF TACOMA

coast the year before had been made in hojje of solving the water problem, he said, and after a preliniiiiarv inquiry into the Green River project, Cliief Engineer Darrach had been sent out for further examination. The engineer u^Jon making a second trip discovered that it was a bigger task than he at first had thought. Then the company turned to American Lake. Chief Engineer Darrach's health then broke down. Engineer Sellers had been sent out and the American Lake plans were completed, "but the recent actions of tlie council and certain citizens" had not encom-aged him to make any further outlay, wrote ]\Ir. Wright.

"If the council is going to show an antagonistic feeling to the company and a disposition to deprive the enterprise of a reas- onable revenue from its investment, I shall not be able to raise money to go on with the work, and therefore will not undertake any further expenditure," he continued. "As it is, every dollar of revenue has been exi^ended in construction. If the charges are excessive I should think a remedy could be found without resorting to an interference with the chartered right. In fact, I think tlie city of Tacoma should now control its own water and gas."

Thus Mr. Wright met the repeated demands from many quarters for municipal ownership. He had, in fact, gained noth- ing but worry from his investments in water. All had been a pecuniary disappointment to him. He had seen the first signs of the depression and he was ready to vmload.

The next day Xelson Bennett proposed that a compaii}' be formed, capitalized at $1,. 500,000, with shares at $100 each, to build a water system. He proposed that the system be built under city supervision, with the right to buy at any time at cost iilus 8 per cent. Bennett then was accused of making the fight on the company for selfish jiurposes. He was charged by one ele- ment with desiring to get into the water business for the sake of his own pocket, and by another with playing into Wright's hands by bringing about the sale of the Wright plant to the city.

It was evident that a majority of the citizens were very strongly in favor of buying the water plant and, in response to this sentiment the council i:)assed an ordinance June 27, 1891, calling for a special election August 4th to vote on a bond issue

IIISTOHV OF TACOMA 125

of $1,500,000 'Tor the cdiistrnrlidii. purchasing or ac(|uiriiiL;- l)y other means, of light iiiid waterworks." Councihnan Jolinson introduced an ordinance ])roviding for tlie ai)])()intnient of eleven citi/ciis as a waterworks l)oard and giving them mneli power.

(■Quickly it became evident tiiat the l)()nd election ordinance as drafted was un|)o])uiar. It was not explicit as to plan, and seemed to place in tlic council too much authority. A great many persons favored the l)nying ol' tlu' Wright phiiit hut not [\\v building by the city ol' a new system, which the ordinance as drawn woidd have permitted. The president of the council read the handwriting and mo\'cd to i-epcal the ordinance and at the meeting that did so several conncihncn \()iccd their opposition to the whole ])lan and said tluy had \<)tt(i for tlic ordinance in the belief that the people, if given the opportunity, would defeat it. The ordinance creating the water commission was adopted and Mayor Kandle a])i)ointed Nelson IJennett, ^V. J. Thompson, Alexander Parker, Dr. II. C. liostwick. Ira A. Town, W. B. Blackwell, Frederick T. Olds. W. H. FilV. Thomas Carroll. .1. C. W'catht rrcd and George O. Kelly — about as strong a gi'ou|) of citizens as ever served a community. Tlie committee made Bennett chairman, and asked the council for 5^2.000 for surveyors. The council obeyed.

The Chamber of Commerce long before had appointed George F. Orchard, >!. (t. Denton and F. A. Sears to investigate the water question and some months later, after samples of water had been examined by C. V. Sidener, chemist of the University of ^Iinnesf)ta, the committee reported that the means employed for distribution were inadecjuate and dangerously defective. The water, the report said, undoubtedly was ])ure when it left the .source of supjily. Init it niigiil licconu' impure and imi)ai't disease because of tlic o|)(n. rntlcn wooden (liune. Yet for more than ten years after that illuminating repoit tlu' city itself continued to use the flume, yiartially covered, and it is a well known fact that laborers washed their clothing in it, cows luxuriated in it on hot days and children played in it. If the old Avater c"onii)any was negligent, the city was doubly so, for it not f)nly continued the nvn'sance but multi])lied it.

When Charles B. TIm-ley took charge of the jjlant as super-

126 HISTORY OF TACOMA

intendent he immediately urged the company to find a source of sujjply other than Spanaway Lake. He did not deem that water safe. The city had liad many cases of typhoid fever. Among those who died from tlie disease was Edward L. Scarritt, presi- dent of the Washington National Bank. He was horn hi Illinois in 1859 and was graduated from DePauw University in 188-4. In 1888 he came to Tacoma and entered the law fii-m of Knight, Scarritt & Sessions, and witli Charles S. Bridges, also a DePauw man, organized the hank whicli hegan husiness in ^lay, 1881).

JNIeantime the question of whether the company could use the waters of American Lake had reached the Supreme Court in the appeal of the suit of J. S. Wintermute against the water com- pany. The hearing in the lower court had been attended with consideral)le interest because of the investigations made there by Fred G. Plummer, Henry Sarvent, Norton Taylor and other engineers. They had examined the lake very carefully for under- ground inlets and outlets and had found in one place what appeared to be a flow into the gravel and probably into a neighbor- ing lake. Wintermute sued on the ground tliat the taking of water for city use would lower the level of the lake to a point of serious injury to abutting property, and Judge Allyn, of the lower court, sustained the view. The Supreme Court reversed the finding, saying that when the waters had been lowered to damage the shore lands, the owners then would have the right to ask court interference. This opening for the water company immediately was closed by Fremont Campbell who filed a claim to the waters of American Lake "for mechanical and irrigation purposes," the intention being, it was said, to construct dams, pumping stations, etc., for the diversion of the waters upon the prairies.

The council ordered the bond-election program to proceed. Engineer Plummer was present and was asked if he could advise buying the Wright plant. He was not permitted to reply, but after the meeting he said he "would not be in favor of purchasing that company's mistakes."

There was the usual amount of groping in the dark. .Tuly 16th the council ordered the city attorney to draft an ordinance reducing light and water rates: a week later the council had dis-

IIISTOKV OF TACOMA 127

covered that it liad a ctuitiact with llic company and could not reduce the rates. The eity had jiist annexed what hccanie the Sixth \\'ai(L There being- some (juestion about the validity of the annexation, and not desiring to have that (juestion interfere with the l)ond election the council appropriated .*;^.)00 to be used as attorney's fees by any one who would begin a friendly suit. In due time the courts passed favorably uixjn the annexation. This was one of the \ arious diverting topics for the electors who as the Slimmer wore away w itli almost nothing accomplished had formed somethitig oi" fVieiidly admiration for the adroitness with which the water company handled its forces. The ^Vmerican Lake idea was abandoned and the water company next was heard of with the device of emptying thi' Masiul Uiver into Spanaway Lake. Manager Hosmer wouldn't admit it. but said a new supply was about to be procured. lie denied that C. li. ^Vright ever had said that the city could buy the plant for cost i)lus a reason- able interest on the investment. Shortly after this llosmer sent to the council a proj)osal. Tiie comi)any. he wrote, had a capital stock of $1,300,000 represenlcd liy I. 'i. ()()() shares of $100 each; ;}.0()0 of these shares were fiillx jialil ni»: a blanket mortgage for $1,700,000 secured by fifty-year bonds at 6 per cent of which $1,400,000 had been issued. Sc]iteml)er 1st it would have a floating indebtedness of $200,000 and it ])roposed to turn over its property to the city on the following terms: The city to pay $60,000 in cash, $600,000 in its obligations and assume responsi- bility for $1,400,000 of these c, |)er cent fifty-year gold bonds which had already been sold by the company.

This ])roposal brought from one of the iiews])apers the com- ment that the "company has otfeied to sell its entire jjlaiit to the city for an even $2,000,000 and take the whole purchase ]irice in fifty-year 6 per cent bonds, oi- foi- $2,100,000 to be jiaid in .) ])er cent bonds to run the same length of time. The ])rice .seems a trifle high, notwithstanding the fact that the offer includes all its lands, tenements and hereditaments. I'ranchises. flumes, sources of suj)])ly (which it says will furnish 48,000,000 gallons of water daily, not to speak of other matter lield in solution). Its mains. ]>inn])S. hydrants, reservoirs and valuable watei- meters of the most industrious jjattein. some miles of Hume now well accus-

128 HISTORY OF TACOMA

tomed to business, filters, standi^ijies, street lamjis and dynamos, and other articles too numerous to mention, usually found in a well regulated country liglit and water comi^any's possession. * * * In view of the fact that a better system, of more tlian twice the cajjacity, can more than likely be secured for less money, the trade will not be closed at once. * * * President Hosmer's letter to the light and water committee of the council is rather an offer to sell the securities of the present light and water company than its actual property. Tlie city has no need to pur- chase securities. It needs a water and light plant and will lie a possible purchaser of such property as the light and water com- pany owns, at its present value."

Nelson Bennett then offered to build a system to bring in and distribute at least 20,000,000 gallons a day from the INIashel River,, for $2,000,000 in .5 per cent bonds. Then on September 16th came Rudolph Hering, the great New York water expert, and began an investigation of the wliole water and sewer question. The city paid him $.50 a day and his exiienses from New York and back. He had been called by the water commission. In six weeks he was ready with his report. He informed the council that he had found the plant to be worth $884,6,50. He had investi- gated the company's supply, the JNIasliel River, Green River and South Puyallup River propositions and filed the following esti- mate as to cost of different systems: Spring water supply, $1,799,680; Green River, $2,9.58,920; South Fork of Puyallup, $2,146,330; INIashel, $2,235,.520. For years his report was the bantering ground for warring water elements, and even vmto this day, with the water question at last seemingly settled for years to come, one occasionally hears a disputant quote Rudolph Hering.

Then rose another diversion in the shape of the Eleventh Street bridge proposal. This had been a subject of disputation almost from the first day's run of the St. Paul & Tacoma Com- pany's mill. The mill wanted a direct route to the business dis- trict. Its wagons had to travel by AVay of the "head of the bay," then a greater distance than at present. Others befriended the idea because they believed a bridge would cause other factories to be established on the tideflats. By and by the factionaries had stirred up a controversy as lively and as useless as that when

IIISTOHV OF TACOMA 129

the present lilt Ijiidgc was being Iniilt, and excited hut mistaken persons bewailed the stupidity of pulilic- officials wIki would per- mit monstrosities which in fact never were even thought ol .

For some weeks the council had l)een discussing the bridge problem and Hnally in Xoveniber voted for it. and tlie ordinance providing a special election was intinduccd. Decembt-r tth the committee to wliicli it liail been rclVn-ed. i-ctiniu-d the document so mutilated that it was of no value and the work had to be done over. The ordinance, as reported, called for an election for vot- ing bonds for the l)ridge, for coni])leting the city hall and buying or buikling a light and water plant. C\)uncilman (jrattan admit- ted that he and Councilmen Knoell and Steinbach had altered the ordinance with the ho])e of delaying action and ultimately defeating tlu' plans. T.arge delegations of laboring men had appealed to the eouticil for means of reaching their work on the tideflats.

CHAPTER LXy

COUNCIL CONFROXTEn BY BRIDGE PR0BLE3I CONTINUES NEGOTIA- TIONS FOR PURCHASE OF AVATERAVORKS AND HOLDS LIVELY SES- SIONS CO:MiIERCIAL BODIES DECIDE IN FAVOR OF PURCHASE

ELECTION HELD AND PROPOSITION CARRIES TACOMA EASTERN

RAILROAD STARTED WRIGHT's $100,000 BOND TALBOTT,

BROAVNE AND SEYMOUR PRESENT PLANS COUNCIL COMMITTEE

GOES TO SEE WRIGHT SHAW MAKES INVENTORY WATER COM- MISSION OUSTED CITY OFFICIALS CAPTURE GAS PLANT AND

TOOLS AND ARE SUED HERING's REPORT INACCURATE WRIGHT

FAILS TO MEET HIS PAYMENT RIGNEY WINS HIS SUIT

COLONEL GRIGGS OFFERS TO BUILD PIPE LINE COMMERCIAL

COMPANY ENTERS ELECTRIC FIELD — AVRIGHT GETS CONTROL —

AVICKERSHAM STARTS "MILLION DOLLAR SUIT" AVRIGHT

OFFERS TO REPURCHASE PI,ANT EXTENSION FUND DISSIPATED

COUNCIL FIXES LIGHT RATES.

The eouncilmen foresaw financial difficulties. The county had a costly courthouse project and was planning a bond issue; park development was expensive ; the school district was about to ask for a bond issue: municipal finances already were troulile- some, and here confronting the council was a hazardous and high- priced water and light adventure, a demand for a new city hall and a waterway bridge. Some of the eouncilmen threatened to resign as the pressm-e developed ; they feared the future. Sev- eral bridge plans were proposed, the easiest being from the North- ern Pacific Railroad offering to lease to the city a wagon and walkway across its new bridge at Fifteenth Street for $.50,000. But it was pointed out that this would give to the city no property rights in the bridge and the council still Avould be obliged to provide approaches to make the bridge available. Another objec-

130

IIISTOKV OF TACO.MA I'l

tioii was that all tiafKc would have to cross all the railroad tracks on hoth sides of the chanml. Another plan that met with much favor was to build a hridj>e at Fifteenth Street, hut here the rail- road tracks would have to be crossed, liy a(ldiu<i- $().).000 to the Jji.jO.OOO a <i(to(l bridge nuiy be I)uilt at Klevcnlh Street, was the retort. Win<is coidd l)i' liuilt linin Ixith 'i'euth and 'rwcH'tb streets, in lintli cases jji-ovidiny lowir i^radcs than that all'iM-ded by Eleventli Street, and these streets would lie made accessible.

The water coininittee and Mayor Huson prepared in Decem- ber a letter to C B. Wi'iyht. havinu' sjxnt much time upon it. Hut they refused to ;^ive the letter out lor publication, even after it was mailed, and another tempest resulted. The day after it was sent the council spent two hours tryinj^- to induce the water committee to reveal the contents. The councilmen suggested, demanded and begged, but to no purjjose. It was re])orted that the letter offered Wright between !^1.40().0()() and !^1 ..lOO.OOO for the plant.

On the evening of the last day of the year the council again met. and Engineer Sellers, who admitted that he had a gooil nosi- tion with the- ('(niipany ami did not want it to sell out. was pres- ent with authority from AVright to conduct the negotiations with the city. He submitted an "ultimatum." fixing the i)rice at $1,800,000, and that did not include all of the i)roperty. This session was held behind closed doors, !)nl the purjiose of that was to shield the books of the company which Mr. Sellers then and there exhibited and they showed, it solenudy was averred, that the water plant was making 40 per cent a year on the invest- ment! The engineer had revealed a harvest in common Sjianaway Lake waters almost equal to the fabulous guesses of another Sellers who had compounded an eyewater.

^Ir. Sellers also informi-d tin- coimeil. (|nite confidintially. that another cdiniiany was trying to l)uy the |)]ant and that as Wright's ])rop()sal expired that night, the council felt forced to accept it.

\Vhen three days later the council made public all the cor- respondence, Wright's price was found to be $1,8.)0.000. The water comimttee said this was about $3.)0.000 too high, luit that the city should own its water sn])i)ly and therefore the matter

132 HISTORY OF TACOMA

should be subinitted to the people at the polls. jNIanager Hosmer agreed to extend the Wright proposal to April 1, and the com- pany agreed to complete the 40-incli conduit to Patterson and Thomas sjjrings.

Councilman Grattan, who had been very active against the deal, pointed out in a council meeting that the water company was paying taxes on an assessed valuation of $487,000, thus cheat- ing the city out of 60 per cent on its taxes. If the company were making a profit of 40 per cent on its water and 60 per cent on its taxes, Grattan thought that within a few years it ougiit to be willing to turn the plant over to the city free. Inflamed nunds circulated the report that if the deal were closed Mayor Huson was to receive $25,000 and each councilman $10,000. But no more definite charges of bribery were made.

Major Grattan continued to keep tlie water warm for the friends of the movement to buy the plant. He aroused further suspicion against it wlien he asked : "Is it not a curious coincidence that Hosmer should be mayor when Philip Metzler and asso- ciates were refused a franchise and JNIr. Wright secured it? And that Huson should be mayor just at the right time when they want to unload the old truck upon the city?"

Huson had long been an engineer in the employment of the railroad interests. Grattan charged tliat councilmen had jjasses on the Northern Pacific and made other remarks that caused the council the next day to consider a resolution expelling him. Grat- tan said he had nothing to recant and that expulsion would not hurt him. He said lie might be back in councils which other members would be unable to attend. This brought a storm of api^lause from the audience.

Grattan continued his onslaught on his fellow members by charging that open gambling was permitted. The mayor then took up the cudgel against Grattan. In a letter to the council he intimated that a certain member was acting as agent between the gamblers and the administration. All looked at the Major. He merely smiled. One of the members said Grattan had lost the ability to distinguish between truth and falsehood and intimated that he might be losing his mind! Major Grattan retorted that his view of a councilman's duties was that, as an advocate of

IIISTOin' OF TACOMA 133

the city, lu sIkhiM use every means to win his case, lie thought Ilering's report was framed to belittle the Mashel River project, and to make tiie Green Kiver plan a])pear unattainable so that the ])eo])le would be forced to fall back on the water company plant.

Graltaii and Steinbacli kij)! all sides in the controversy well stirred up. 'riiey wvvv fighting the Wright interests and were oi)])osed to the j)urchase of the plant. Grattan came to Tacoma in 1887. He had been a newspaper Avriter, but he l)ecanie a real estate dealer in Tacoma. As a mere boy he ran away i'roni his home in New York and eiittitd tlie Union army, but his title of "^lajor" was i-eceived when lie loinrd the Fenian forces for the invasion of Canada. lie engaged in various ])ursuits in Tacoma and at one time was well-to-do. One of his latest ven- tures was a weekly news])a])er which he started as the "Tran- script" ai)out eleven years ago. He died eight years ago leaving a family. His son, \Villiam, is now city editor of the Daily News.

The council felt forced to act and .January .'ilst tek^gTaphed to C. B. Wright in Philadeli)hia:

"At a meeting of the city council a committee was ap])ointed to coTifer with you with regard to the sale of the water and light [)lant. Wliat is the otfer you can make;' ^'our [)roposition is not acceptable to a majority of tlie voters. The i)rice is too high, and should not exceed $1,.)00,00(). Bonds ought not to exceed 4 per ctiii interest. If you care to sell make I he most of the opj)ortunity. No prospect of ap])roval by the people if xou can- not make a reasonable concession.

"E. STKlXIi.XC'll,

"W. H. Gr.\ttax, ".loiiN 'l\ Lee."

Wright replied that he would cut the ])rice $.)(),()()(). Manager Ilosmer asked that a committee be sent to Thiladeli)hia to confer with \Vright. Hosmer offered to guarantee the ex])cnses ui) to $1,000. February .'{ President of the Council Coi-ell appointed himself. Snyder and Steinbacli and lh< y left at once. Just before thev departed the following telcurani was sen! to ANiiiiht :

"At •") P. M. tomorrow the ordinance for the purchase of the waterworks will nndonlifrdK- ])ass the council, after wbicji it must

1^^ HISTUKV OF TACOMA

stand or fall on its merits, and the almost certain defeat by the voters will rest entirely with yourself. The reduction made does in no wise meet the expectations of the people, nor the merit of the request. Stejis for securing indcijendent light XJl^iiit now being taken. Green River proposition considered preferable.

"E. Steinbach, "J. T. Lee, "W. H. Grattan."

Councilman Berry ojjposed submitting the question at a price higher than $1,3.50,000. February 11th the council received from its committee in Philadelphia a telegram saying:

"Seventeen hundred and fifty thousand cash or bonds at city's option, ultimatum. Committee recommend submitting to people."

Tlie council voted to rejjly that $1,. 500.000 was the top ])rice it would submit. Boardman. Gove and Grattan voted no.

Eastern bankers liegan asking for information about tlie bonds, one Chicago house promising a premium. I). L. Demorest, of the board of public works, attacked the estimates of both tlie water committee and Engineer Hei-ing, and declared that the company's statements were inconsistent as it could not pay any- thing like 40 per cent profit. City Attorney jNIurray rendered an opinion in which he doubted the city's right to issue bonds in the amount proposed.

Corell, Snyder and Steinliach reported February 21st that Wright had agreed to waive the .5 per cent interest on the 1,4.50 bonds of the company and to exchange them for city bonds, or, in other words, to reduce his price $7"2,000, making it $1,778,000, in either cash or bonds. This did not satisfy the committee and at another conference the price furtlier was reduced to $1,750,000, Avith the gas plant at $200,000. Berry moved to accejit the report and to pay the committeemen $1 eacli, explaining tliat he meant no reflection upon the committeemen but offered it as a pro- tective measure, and the motion was carried.

By this time the community was feeling the tightening con- ditions and its inclination to buy the plants was strengthened by hints that the company, if it sold, at once would put the money back into improvements upon its other properties, and would build

HISTOm' OF TACO.MA 1:^-5

what later liccamc the Tacoma Eastern Railroad. The matter now (jiiiekly eaiiie to a climax, and the council February 'Jjth voted to submit the water question to the people at a s]Jecial elec- tion March ."Jlst. The water company filed a certified inventory of its property. The council then found that the state law rccpiired the registration books to close ten days before an elec- tion. As the regular election came April -ith it would be impos- sible to fulfill this requirement and the water election was set forward to April 11th. Everybody was discussing the jnomen- ' tons question, and the die was cast when the commercial bodies held a largely attended meeting ^larch .'iOth and decided in favor of the purchase. At the election the total vote was 5,181 of which 3,200 were for the purchase and 1,!)81 against. The proposal wDii by a majority of 91 2/3 votes more than the necessary three- fiftlis.

At the same election the Eleventh Street bridge bonds Avcre voted, 3,271 for to 1,7.>3 against.

Considering the long and bitter campaign the election was tame, aluiut the only excitement being in the Second \\'ard where Colonel Griggs, who was vigorously fighting the ])urchase, accused the light and water conii)any of using money to pro- cure votes. Isaac W. Anderson, of the Land Company, retorted that Colonel Griggs was using money against the bonds.

The Tacoma Eastern Railroad enterjjrise had been a tempt- ing lure to the voters, and wiiile they accused its promoters of 'deception the charge was not altogether Caii-. The road had been run up the gulch by Jolin Hart, who owned a sawmill out Rismarck way. At first it was a mere tram, with wooden rails, but it answered Hart's |)urpose of getting lunibLi- to tidewater. There became interested with him Isaac W. Anderson, of the Land Com])any, Edmund Rice and the noted engineer. Virgil W. Rogue. They formulated elaborate plans and attemjited to ijet monev to carrv them out, but the financial storm of 1803 prevented. Wright could not liclp tliciii. He was no more able than others to lay hands on cash in that period. And so tliat ni)on which the community had set such a .store of ho])e went ^liniinering and It was not until 1900, when Jolui Ragley and the I^add interests procured the line, that the earnest develop- ment of it began.

136 HISTORY OF TACOMA

In the wrangle over the propertj' which the city in its wrath had comniandered, C. B. Wright gave an indemnity bond of $100,000 and a squabble followed over its acceptance, the question being whether such acceptance would benefit the city's chances in the suits against the conii)any. By this time Demorest, of the board of jjublic works, had estimated that the company had failed to turn over $61,000 worth of pipe. He also had made an estimate fixing the value of the light department at $177,063.63, and of the water plant, not including water rights, at $740,886.47, of which $153,750 was in real estate. The city's desperate need of money drove the council to action, and November 1.5th it voted to accept the bond with W. D. Tyler as security, and Wright at once paid $100,000.

Charles B. Talbott was entering the lists with another pro- posal. He offered to bring in 20,000,000 gallons for $852,500. He had discovered and named Chenuis Creek, which empties into the Carbon. J. Vincent Browne was his associate. A few days later Browne died suddenly from paralysis. Both Talbott and Browne Avere engineers, and Talbott was the originator of the Bull Run waterworks jjroject in Portland. He gained no reward for it, nor did his water plans in Tacoma work out, and he died a disappointed man. His widow lived in Tacoma until a few weeks ago, when she went to New York to reside with her son, who is prosjJering from valuable lioiler patents. Through all the years since 1893 ]Mrs. Talbott kept as a parlor ornament a three-foot glass jar containing Chenuis Creek water.

Edmund Seymour entered the contest from anotlier angle, with a suit to restrain the issuance of the water and light bonds. He and his brother, William W., had come to Tacoma in 1889 and had formed with R. X. Barto a company for dealing in mortgages and bonds. They were interested, too, in the water negotiations as they were acquiring stock in the Wright concern, which in after years was to place them in control of the gas plant. Seymour's complaint alleged that the bond issue would cause the city debt to exceed the 5 per cent limit, the roll for 1893 showing a property valuation of $41,685,050. Judge Emmet Parker, IVIay 19, ruled with Seymour, and he held also that the notice of election had been published but twenty-six days when the law demanded thirtv.

HISTOIJV OF TACOMA T^"

C. B. Wri^lit then offered to take all the lij-lit atul water lioiids at |iai- |llll^ interest, ami iimniised to des|)ateh eii,yiiieers to survey a liin' lor tiie Taeoiiia Eastern liaiiroad. AN'lun liids for the honds were opened by the eonneil the \\ ri<ilil hid was niiieii the best. City Treasnrei- Hogys resealed the bids until the Supreme Court eould i)ass upnu the Hndintfs of Judge Parker, and this the (•(unt did that \ i ry day. revei'siun- Jud-^e Tai-kti'. Suiuenie Judge '1'. 1,. Stiles, though opjjosed. as a citizen of Ta- eonia, to the bond issue, wrote the opinion whieh overruled Judge Parker and validated the bond issue.

Cnuneilnien Hei ry and Lee aroused new interest in the eoni- pelling pu/./.le ])y deelaring that the company had, in a second scliedule submitted. Kit out certain property and had iiiisrei)re- sented the extent of the (Jalliher Gulch station jjroperty. The (•(inipaiu- tlicii iVaiikly said it did not intend to transfer all its ])id|)i rty. The council sat far into the night, then ordered Mayor Iluson. Comptroller Slaughter and City Attorney F. II. Murray to go East and eomi)lete the transfer. ^Vhen they met Wright he asked I'oi- tlnu' to i)ay $.'U)(),()(I(). and was given a week. This angered the citizens and they held a mass meeting to coiuK inn the council. Politics, of course, magnified every little error. Meanwhile the council was squabbling over the control of the plants, and Mayor Iluson was charged with playing jjolities. The council was trying to force the company to siu-render its hooks and papers. There was a keen desire again to lay eyes on that 40 per cent! While the council (luibbled the plants were oiplians. lint linally, August "). Henry Shaw was appointed by the board of works to make an inventory of the property, the original having been lost. The water commission was ousted and the board of works was in charge of the plants. Later the in- ventorv was fdimd and tlic city <liscovered .a disci(|)ancy of $.)(),()()() in niatci-ials ;nid tduls bctwicn tlu' original and tiic sn|)- posed duplicate.

Mayor Iluson. members of the board of public works and a scjuad of policemen went to the gas plant, drove the eiiii)loyees away and took possession. They captured a large lot of tools, pipe, etc. The company, in retaliation, sued Iluson. .\r\id Kyd- strom, D. L. Demorest and K. II. Lloyd for $30,000 damages.

138 HISTORY OF TACOMA

It was charged that the telejihone wires had been cut so that the coniiiany's offices could not call the police. Scarcely was the ink dry on this comi^laint before the mayor and board made another raid, seizing a large amount of iron pipe. It was removed to the A\'ater front, where Rydstrom and Lloyd stood guard all night. Huson and Demorest were arrested immediately after the raid and spent the night in their homes under guard of deijuty sheriffs. The next morning Rydstrom and Lloyd were arrested.

Hering's report had shown that Patterson and Thomas springs produced 7.-jOO,0()0 gallons, but when City Engineer Morrison investigated in September he found only 2,000.000 gallons. Wright's $50,000 payment on the bonds fell due and was not met and there was talk of suits to enforce the contract and to recover, as well, on the gi'ound that the company had mis- represented its property.

The people had just voted $300,000 for a court house and $60,000 with Mhich to buy the property of the University of Puget Sound, in addition to light, water and bridge bonds. They had lost faith in the Wright promise to build the Tacoma Eastern Railroad, and when they learned that the light plant was in jioor condition and that $.5,000 had been spent for repairs in three months, and that dams and flumes were badly out of shape, they approached the point of despair. The panic had begim its relentless squeeze. There Avas a happy sigh of relief when it Avas announced that the first quarter's net profits from the plants amounted to $25,000. The charge was made then, and it often has been made since, of overestimates in ]5rofits and of failure to include items that ought to be included in operating and maintenance expenses. This always has been one of the several bones of contention in municipally-owned enterprises. That from time to time over-zealous city employes, looking to the security of their positions, have announced profits wliich no well-managed private enterprise would claim, has been alleged time and again, and, on occasions, with justification.

An additional kink was added to the tangle when Judge Stallcup decided in favor of Robert Rigney a suit brought to restrain the city from using Clover Creek Avater Avithout paying for it.

HISTOm' OF TACOMA ^^^

W'licii \\'ri<'lil'.s iii(kniiiity lioiul was delivered tn the cily it was acconi]i;nii((i l>y wliat purportetl to l)t' a complete inventory of the property bought by the city, hut it iell so far short of public expectations that new charucs of fraud were made and there was talk of callin<>- a grand jury. In the midst of this City Clerk Smyth was reported by Comptroller Slauf^hter to be shmt in his accounts, lint tills proved to be a case of poor bookkeeping and not of embezzlement. The general disapi)ointment in the water supply caused Col. C. W. Griggs to submit an offer to build a pipe line to the Mashel River to bring in 2().()()0,()00 gallons daily, lint the city was in no mood for further adventures.

In the spring of 1891 the Commercial Electric Light and Power Company had come into existence. Its capital stock was $2.5().()()(». niid \V. H. IJushnell its president, lie was a promoter of striking abilities. Witnessing the community hatred of the Wright light and water companies he concluded that the time was vi\)e for a rival. He quickly interested a number of men with his rosy pictures. Robert S. Hill was made vice president; Chester Thorne, treasurer; S. G. Riglow. secretary. The offi- cers and ^l. G. Denton composed the directorate. An arrange- ment was made whereby the St. Paul & Tacoma Mill group Mere to take half the stock in the comi)any, i)rovided the electric company would build a suitable jjower ])laiit on the mill grounds. It also was understood by one side at least tliaf the mill comi)an>- would fni-iiish free fuel. The officers liad phmned to remove tln' i)hiiit west of the city waterway after it had gained enough momentum. They were sur|)rised when the mill cotnpany jire- sented a fuel bill for $.>00 at the end of the first month. A l)rotcst brought from Colonel Griggs the retort that he knew nothing about the alleged fuel agi-eement. and if Hewitt had made it he had gone beyond his authority. From the slab col- hujiiy rose. a <|narrtl that lasted for many a day and was one of the causes leading up to the sale by some of the stockholders of a controlling interest to C. R. Wright. In tiie dealings between the city and Wright the city officials had let it be known that they did not want to buy his gas company, and they seem to have been somewhat befogged with respect to the Commercial Company, which they well might have foreseen would become an

I'^O HISTORY OF TACOMA

impediment to the city's welfare. The Commercial Company was left in Wright's hands, and with the gas plant and the Puyallup water plant afterward became notorious as the "residuary."

Edmund and \V. W. Seymour interested Hon. John F. Dil- lon of New York, and after some months of investigation he bought the "residuary." This led to the organization, in ]May, 1895, of the Tacoma Gas and Electric Company, with Edmund Seymour as president; C. P. Masterson, vice president; W. G. Gaston, secretary, and Charles B. Hurley, treasurer and man- ager. September 27, 1894, City Attorney James Wickersliam sued the Wright interests for $1,000,000 damages, charging fraud in the sale, in that the company had misrepresented the value of the two plants. The suit alleged that the water plant was worth but $.572,936.37 and the light plant $177,063. In the matter of the pipe and other property which the city had seized, and on account of which a suit had been brought against Iluson, Rydstrom, Demorest and Lloyd for $.50,000, a jury in Judge Irwin's court brought in a verdict in their behalf in fourteen minutes. In this case the city was represented by Attorneys J. S. Whitehouse, A. R. Titlow and John A. Shackleford. and the company by Galusha Parsons and H. H. Corell.

Superior Judge Stallcup then began proceedings, as a citizen, to amiul the bonds given by the city for the plants. This was not popular. ]\Iany regarded it as a measure in repudiation. Then, while the city council was discussing means of increasing the water supply, C. B. Wright wrote a letter to Joshua Peirce offering to take back the plants at the price the city had ])aid and offered Peirce $5,000 commission if he could bring about this deal. This letter and the g>™nastics in the city hall caused the people to doubt the abihty of the city to operate the plants. On top of this came the decision in favor of Robert Rigney's claim to Clover Creek and that supply had to be abandoned. The city then procured 100,000 gallons daily from the Northern Pacific Railroad well in South Tacoma, and fire engines were sent to pump Crystal Springs into the mains, and JNIelville Springs were piped in. The $330,000 which the city had for bringing in Patterson Springs was lying idle in the banks. It

HISTOltV OF TACOMA 1^1

was cliarged that couiiciliiien were beino- bribed to permit the iii(inc\ tluis to I'eiiiaiii. In .March, 18!).), .Judg-e Parker decided against .Judge StalKiip in thi- liond case. The city was repre- sented by D. J. Crowley, City ^Vttoniey Wickersliani and Assist- ant (libbs, wliile Stallcn])"s advocates were Fraid< II. (iraliain, Een Sheeks and A. K. Titlow.

The city council, in September, 1894, passed an ordinance fixing the electric light rates, and it was set forth that one arc light burned until midnight should cost $10 a month: all night, $1.). It was provided that if a firm used fifteen lights or more beneath one roof the ])v\vv should be $() for the first and .$.)..■)() for each additional, imt it was provided that they should not burn later than 8.30, except on Saturday nights when 10 o'clock was the limit.

For an incandescent liglit of sixteen candlepower burning until 10 r. M. the price was fixed at i'^l a month or $2 for all night. The cost of a thirty-two candlepower lamj) was just t\vice as much. Special provisions were, however, made for residences, the rate being fixed at 25 cents a lani|), with a mini- mum of $1 a month.

CHAPTER LXVI

EX-TREASURER BOGGS TRIED FOR EMBEZZLEMENT — JORDAN STARTS

AVARRANT SUIT — STAI.LCUP SCORES CITY MISMANAGEMENT

KIGNEYS SELL RIGHT TO CLOVER CREEK TITLOW BECOMES RE- CEIVER FOR BANK BOOKS AND SECURITIES DISAPPEAR PARKER

GOES TO OREGON AND RETURNS WITH BOGGS, WHO IS SENT TO PRISON AVICKERSHAM AVINS "MILLION DOLLAR SUIT" FIRE- MEN THREATEN TO STRIKE FOR PAY CITY SUED ON BOGGS

AVARRANTS BOND INTEREST RAISED BY SUBSCRIPTION

COUNTY AND CITY OFFICIALS ARRESTED SUPREME COURT RE-

AERSES SUPERIOR COURT IN "MILLION DOLLAR SUIT" AND LATER

REA^ERSES ITSELF TUGAVELL AND BAKER FOUND GUILTY OF

CONTEMPT CITY ACQUIRES COMMERCIAL LIGHT PLANT FAAV-

CETT CUTS LIGHT COMPANY AVIRES CITY REACHES CASH BASIS

C. B. AVRIGHT DIES "MILLION DOLLAR SUIt" C05IPR0M1SED

GAS COMPANY REORGANIZED.

The continuous inquisiton in the city Avas at last yielding results. For several days rumors had crept about concerning the condition of the city clerk's office and there was not much surjirise when George Boggs. the ex-clerk, Avas arrested Novem- ber 8, 1894<. It Avas alleged that he had appropriated money to his OAvn use, substituting Avorthless securities in the State Savings Bank, then in tlie hands of a receiver. The failure of banks in Avhich city funds had been deposited had given him an excuse for not checking out the funds to his successor. When arrested he still Avas responsible to the city for a considerable sum. Before his election Boggs had conducted a livery stable about where the Pythian Temijle now is. When he got into trouble he hastened to a backwoods toAvn in Oregon Avith his Avife and children. He hojied to bury them so deeply in the wilds that they Avoidd not

142

IIISTOHV OF TACOMA 1^5

lic-ar (>r liis tr( miller w liicli he iiiUiultil In itIiiiii and I ai'r. l''ricii(i.s fouiiil luT ill a dtstiliiti' c-(iiiiliti(iii [\wvv and |)r()\ idcd I'm- lur. It (imCkly was rcvfakd that Hoy^s had savi-d iiotliiiig from his steahiigs. They liad tilh rt'd thronuh liis fiii<>'c'rs into the j)()ckets of j)olitical foUowejs and, in a hirger amount prohaljly, into the hands of a man connected with one of the failed hanks who. Boirsfs' friends believed, had ltd him into the dillicultx and had jiiolilcd li\ it. Hdn^s was ac(|nittcd withiuit ha\ inn inlrodiiccd testinion\- in defense. \i. S. Cirossciip, .Sirpliin O'Hrien and F. C. Kohertson were liis attoi-ncys. It was a signal victory, liul only a temporary one.

^V. X. Jordan, o\\nei- n\' some ohl city warrants, ohlamid an injunction restrainin<r the city from ])ayin<>- current expense war- rants out of the order in wliich thty liad heen iss\ied. Judge Stallrnp. rendering liis (kcision, went heyond tlie ease to review the history of the city's financial policy in the following language: "* * * For lawless and void debt making no community of English s]K'aking peo])le of like ])o|)ulation can show a j)ar- allel to oiH' city officials who ediitidlled the interests of tlu' city for the two years prtciding .May, 1804. * * * H appears that this C. H. Wright water involvement hangs like a mill- stone around the neck (d' the <-ity, holding the city not only in shameful disgrace hut in the dei)lorai)le condition of no watei' sui)ply. and at the same time bereft of the means and powei- w ilh vviiich to acquire one, as it is sliown by the evidence that the exten- sion liiiid has been despoiled and dissipated. It ap])ears thai

after the foisting of this $1,7.30, 000 transaction the fact c cs

to light that the city acquired no water oi- watci- sui)})iy; that the water wliich the said company had bcin running through their wooden Ihuiie, mains and sii|)])ly pipes, and selling to the city and citizens, was water which they were lawlessly taking from the la rmers of Clover Creek, so that it has now turned (nit that the cit\- ha^ been perpetually in joined iVom taking water therefrom, and the ])roperty lel't in the possession of the city by this inic|uitous transaction is an afflic-tion simi)ly. * * * Xo greater hurt can be done our institutions than by gi\ ing iiidieial cloak to such \illainies as are disclosed li\ llu' records in this case."

f

1^-t HISTORY OF TACOMA

Wickersham, still city attorney, though tlie council, after bal- loting several times, had refused to confirm his reappointment by JNIayor Orr, issued a statement on the city's financial condi- tion July 1, 189.), as follows: funding bonds, $3.50,000; city hall bonds, $200,000; water and light bonds, $2,080,000; bridge bonds, $100,000; outstanding warrants, $906,443.41; a total of $3,636,443.41, or $991,162.21 more than the limit allowed by law. It was estimated that Tacoma was paying $300,000 inter- est annually.

The second year of municipal management of the light and water departments ended June 30th and showed net profits of $33,696.54. This was an increase of $5,700 over the preceding year and was one bright spot of hopefulness.

Robert and Mary Rigney, having won their injunction suit, found the surjilus waters of Clover Creek more of a detriment than a benefit to them. They agreed to take $8,000 for a daily supply of 4,000,000 gallons, but Controller Eenham refused to sign the warrant because the money was to come from the exten- sion fund. Benham changed his mind two weeks later and the deal was closed. Citizens again drank Clover Creek water, at a saving of $36 a day in pumping charges.

Water and warrants, Boggs and banks, were universal toj)ics. A. R. Titlow, who on September 14, 1895, was appointed receiver for the Bank of Tacoma and the Tacoma Trust and Savings Bank, filed an affidavit accusing the bank's officers of fraudu- lently dissiiJating resources. They were fugitives from justice. Pres. W. B. Allen was arrested at Chehalis, returned to Tacoma, and released on bail. Immediately he departed for Seattle where he was rearrested on a telegrajjhic warrant. He was back in Tacoma within thirty-six hours from the time he had started for Chehalis. Titlow received $2.50 cash on hand, later finding 60 cents more in the vault. The bank's books were missing, also city warrants to the value of $212,000. Titlow knew that the war- rants had been bought by George Boggs while city treasurer, with money taken from the $330,000 water extension fund.

Instead of cancelling the warrants, Boggs deposited them in the banks. Having once been jjaid, the warrants were illegal. Sheriff Samuel Parker, with w'arrants charging Boggs with em-

HISTORY OF T.\( OMA 1^5

bezzling $109,000 and unlaw Inlly usin<;- Sl80,0()() more, and with extradition papers, started lor Oregon. Great secrecy luul been used and Parker was niucli surprised to find lioggs waiting for him at Central Point, Ore. The trial i)egan December 10th, before Jiu^ge Parker, the state being represented by Prosecuting Attorney Coiner. Assistant Prosecutoi- .). A. Shackleford. and R. G. Hudson. Fremont Campbell, Hugh I'ariey, L. C. Dennis and .Tames O'Brien appeared for Uoggs. The specific charge was of accepting .*) per cent interest on city funds dei)osited in the Tacoma Trust and Savings Bank. After a trial of eight (lays the jury brougiit in a verdict of guilty. The case was ap- peaKd luit Boggs lost and went to ])ris(in.

Powerful opposition developed against Wickersham's "mil- lion dollar suit." Its opponents thought the suit sought to rcjjudiatc a debt and that the city's credit would be injured. Some of tile water l)onds, it was shown, had been sold to innocent purchasers.

The case came to trial on December '.•lli liel'ore .ludgc Prit- chard. Tlie juiors were A. W. Xe\\l>au(r. Kapow sin : William Lane, Alderton: .1. D. (iilbam, Sumner; James JNlorse, Gig Harbor; A. W . Stewart. Stuck \'alley: Charles D. Beach. Puyal- lu]); Joseph Cliarters. 'J'acoma: Xiek Doering. Steilacoom: Ueni-y Becket, Orting; George W. Ilowai'd, Harts: William Harmon, Orting. and .Fulm Iladdt-r, Soutii Prairie.

Eighteen days were consumed in taking testimony. Kx-eonn- cilman Snyder, of the committee which made the first estimate, said the committee thought the city shoidd buy the jjlants, even though the price was above actual value; be thought the reports had lieen i)added in order to persuade the voters to favor the deal. The jiaddiiig anKMinlcd to .$:}2;}.(;;}8.0r). C. B. Talbott bad ciieckcd u]) the watei- i)laiit and tlmiigbt it to be woiili .$.)()(). "iOO. Although Hering's report showed <;<i' ■_. miles ol' mains and pil)e, Ex-S\ii)erintendent Hurley testified there were but fifty-three miles. The franchise he considered to be worth $:J()(),000. The net earnings for 180-2 were $12.).000.

Judge Parsons. I). .L Crowley. IF .\. CorcU and B. S. Gross- (•ii|) rej)resented the cMiniJany. Parsons in Ills cinsing argiunent urged tlic jnrv to rcmciiiber that C. B. "Wright bail invested iiiiich

1^6 HISTOKV OF TACOMA

money in Taconia and was entitled to consideration. Wicker- sham, wliu had been assisted by Ben Sheeks, attacked Corell's record, saying that at tlie time he was acting president of the council he also was a member of the firm of Parsons & Corell, attorneys for the \Vright Company. Corell went to Philadel- phia as a representative of the city, and at the same time he received 30 per cent of the $3,200 fees paid his fii-m for sen-ices to the AVright Company, and his share of the 1 per cent of the purchase price after the bonds were delivered to Wright, declared Wickersham.

Late in the afternoon the jury retired, and the next morning reported that it had found damages for the city in the sum of $787,500. Wickersham, entering the court room shortly after the verdict had been rendered, was given an ovation. The case was appealed. January 3, 1896, the council confirmed Wicker- sham's appointment as city attorney.

The council found itself without money to meet bond interest. Six months before citizens had subscribed about $30,000 with which to make up the deficiency. This loan to the city was ])aid back in June and at once re-lent to the city and the interest paid. The city Avas owing the firemen back wages and they tln-eatened to quit unless they were paid by July 1st. Insurance companies threatened to cancel policies if the council allowed the firemen to quit. The situation was desperate. The firemen had been living on short rations and were badly in need of money. A largely attended meeting was held in the Chamber of Conunerce, citizens came to the rescue by subsci'ibing the necessary funds and the firemen remained on duty.

Titlow's investigation brought otlier Itanks into the muddle. Bond interest became due and Treasui-er IMcCauley. September 30, arranged for its payment th]-ough the Columbia National Bank. The bank failed to make the remittance, but. learning of Titlow's investigation, started suit against the city to force it to take back $170,000 of Boggs' warrants. The German-American Safe Deposit and Savings Bank, holding $.58,399.13 of the same warrants, joined in the suit. ]\IcCauley drew checks on the banks for the city's balance: payment was refused and the checks went to protest.

TTIS'i'Oin' Ol' TAtO.MA 1^"

Taconia's iikiir y was gone — even the sum set aside for meet- ing the interest on the honds. Tlie taxpayers had voted lieavy debts upon tlieinselves and tlieir otlicrrs liad rohhed tlie treasury. The eity's eredit was tlu-catened. I'hilosophically facing the problem, citizens by subscription raised tlic .%)4. ()()() required to meet tlic interest. The iiictliod was this: (). H. Ilaydiii and two other bankers visited business and professional men, taking their notes, without interest, for $100 and $200 sums, llaydcn was in ])nsition to do this work as he had ojjposed buying the light and water ])lants. Having procured the notes as collateral the banks then advanced the interest money, which later on was repaid.

Upon petition of the city. Judge Parker, October 19th, ap- l)ointed S. H. lialkwill receiver for the German-American Bank. Several days later the receiver gained entrance to the banking- room, but the officers had flown, taking cash, books and securities, lialkwill was in charge of the office f'mniture and $1.10 tliat liad been overlooked l)\ the thieves. The Cohunbia National flght had reached the Su])reme Court when, on October 24th. Bank Examiner Charles Cleary, upon orders I'rom Comi)troller of the Currency J'k'kcls, was i)laced in charge of its affairs. Through that fall Tacoma well might have counted lost the day whose .setting sun failed to see another oflicia! in eonit. City 'i'reasuier INIcCauIcy was leinoved and Frederick T. Olds elected. Me- Canl( \- later was trii^d and found guilty of accepting interest money. The .Sni)remc Court affirmed the sentence. M. M. Taylor, president of the board of pnl)lie works, and one of the charter framers, was tried by the council November 20th. and.

upon the testi ny of W. (i. Peters, ca.shier of the Columbia

National Bank, found guilty of accepting $500 for using his influence in inducing the commissioners to deposit county funds in that institution. Taylor adnn'ttcd the charge but attempted to justify it as legitimate. Francis \V . Cushman, Taylor's attorney, appealed the case to the Sujxrior Court. Councilman Charles A. Cavender was expelled fiotii the council for "conrluet unbecoming a member."'

Boggs' warrant suits were in the courts for months, 'i'he New 'N'ork Security and Trust Com])any and Francis 'I', ^fuhleii-

148 HISTORY OF TACOMA

berg, iii)on appeal cases in the Supreme Court on June "28, 1899, obtained a verdict in their favor and the city was forced to pay the indebtedness which its attorneys had claimed to be illegal because in excess of the limit fixed by state law. The total amount was in excess of $1,200,000. After putting them off several times the council at last funded the debt.

In January, 1897, the Supreme Court reversed the decision of the Superior Court in the "million dollar water suit." It failed to find misrepresentation or fraud, and held that the pur- chaser Avas supposed to know what it was doing. There was in Tacoma at the time a weekly paper called the Sun, edited by A. P. Tugwell and Frank L. Baker. Baker, who was known then and afterward as a rather testy radical, gave the Supreme Coui't, and particularly Judge Anders a pen lashing in which he employed such expressions as "infernal rotten decision." "supreme simpletons," "conception of an ass," "vicious and vacillating." Baker and Tugwell promptly were cited for con- tempt and fined $300 each and carried off to the JNIason Comity jail to serve out the fines, the Thurston County jail being too insanitary for editors.

Wickershani, who was fighting the water company on a contingent-fee basis, filed a motion for a rehearing of the "million dollar suit," and the Supreme Court reversed its former decision. Justice Reavis wrote the opinion which gave $797-300 in damages to the city. Judgment was entered and the sheriff later reported that the Tacoma Water & Light Company was without property upon which levy could be made. Wickershani immediately alleged that the Tacoma Gas & Electric Company had been organized with the aim of sequestration and he obtained an execution on all its property, including the Tacoma gas })lant, the Puyallup waterworks and the company's franchises.

The Superior Court nullified the sale of the "residuary" to the Seymour interests and the case was appealed. While the appeal was pending both sides became uneasy and a com- promise was effected, the city gaining the electric property, which the council should have obtained in the first place, while the gas plant and the Puyallup Water Company remained with the Seymour Company. A condition of the settlement was a

HISTORY OF TACOMA l-t9

suit against flavor A. V. Fawcett, in tlie wire-cutting case. Fawcett shortly after midnight, July 12, 1896, and Officer John Desmond, each in charge of a crew of men, had cut the Com- mercial Company's wires from city jiolos until many homes and business houses were in darkness. Tiic trouhle dateil hack to March 14, 189.), when Ed Orr. tlien mayor, had tried to terminate thi- coiitiact liy whicli tlic old Tacoma Light iV Water Company Ii;id used city poles on a rental basis. The city, after it became owner of the light plant, continued the arrangement. Orr's attempt was stopped by injunction and tlie wires were not removed. W'iien Fawcett became mayor he conceived the idea of doing away with competition by force. He ordered the wires removed by .July 1st. The reply was that sixty days' notice was necessary. He then cut the wires. The company obtained an injunction from Judge Pritchai'd and began restoring tlie wires. Judge Stallcup, not aware of Judge Pritehard's action, issued an order on the mayor's petition restraining the use of city poles. A few days later the cases were heaid by .Fudge Stallcuj). who ordered liotli sides to (jiiit until the coui'ts could hear all the facts and decide the question (ni its merits. An inci- dent of the warfare was the arrest of Suj^t. Charles B. Hurley I'or ordering his men to restore the wires. He was led away to jail, hut the city ofKcials were careful not to allow him to be locked up, as that might have precipitated personal damage suits.

The wire-cutting episode has become colored by forgetful- ness, misinformation and a purposeful advertising until a con- siderable portion of the electorate fancies it to have been the em])lacemcnt of a new magna charta. The matter reached tiie Supreme Couit. Tiic mayor was ordered to sit still while the wires were replaced. The court also made the city responsible for the (lainagf done. Tiiese cases are .set forth in the seven- teenth ami twentieth W'asliinuton it ports, 'i'hc night raid hrlpcd in no way to further tlic people's interests; instead, they iiad to pay the costs, l^olitically the episode had an almost exact coun- terpart in the Fern Hill car fare case in recent years. Suit to re- duce fares to Fern Hill was filed originally in tlic administration of Mayor Linck. I^ater on Attys. J. F. Fitcli and H. F. Jacobs brought ])roceedings on behalf of l*eter.son and others. City

Vol. 11-10

150 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Atty. T. L. Stiles voluntarily entered the case to assist P^rn Hill. While the case was pending jNIayor Fawcett used the police power in an attempt to coerce the company. Injunctions at once were issued and this warfare ceased. In due time the courts having dealt with the case without regard to the mayor's action, handed down a decision in fa^'or of the people and the company refunded the fares that had been overcharged. It was a fine victory and in the rejoicing the whole community joined Fern Hill. At once the credit was claimed liy ^Nlayor Fawcett and others, but Fern Hill ought not to forget Fitch, Jacobs and StUes.

jNIayor Fawcett has been before the jjeople of Tacoma a long time, and he has reflected a many-sided character. He learned long ago that a large part of the public loves to see the Big Stick in action, whether it is swung within the law or not. He has been successful in assuming the credit for unmaterialized achieve- ments and in monopolizing laudations properly belonging to others who, not desiring public office, did not claim and widely publish them. He has been consummatelj' shrewd in his attacks, his defenses and his silences. In many respects he is the ablest politician this state has produced. He knows as few men know how to play ujjon all the keys of ignorance. With him the polit- ical game is a constant study, whether he is sitting silently Ashing from the Point Defiance \Vharf or engaging in a billingsgate bout with fellow officials in the city hall. His friends have vastly overestimated him; his enemies have vastly underestimated him. His friendships are due very largely to a generosity which has opened his purse to many a man in distress, not always with hope of political reward.

Financial conditions had begun to improve in 1896. ]Moral conditions in the city hall had been under treatment for a num- ber of j^ears, and what seemed to be an almost hopeless precipi- tation of greed, dishonesty, political corruption and j^athetic inca- jiacity, which had driven many persons from the city and had given it a bad name in far places, had by this time been fairly well dissolved". Wickersham was a tower of strength in this enter- prise, tliough he was working for a fee and though he was accused of selfish aims. The commercial bodies and the leading business

H1S^()1{^ OF TACO.MA 151

men had slodd firmly upon a plall'iuiii lor a ycrieral purgiiif'", with as little notoriety us possible and with no taint of repudia- tion of the city's obligations, even thoiigii they must eontril)ute heavily to avoid it. The commercial bodies had led in the demand for a reduced expenditure in the city hall and had enforced it. IJy the fall of 1897 general conditions were much imjiroved, tax-gathering became easier and in Xovenibcr ol' that year the city returned to a casli basis and had paiil all the past-due wages of its employes. Taconia had had her fling — a wild debauch, and now she was settled down to business and to the program of a more sul)stantial, if less rajiid. development. It was so every- where.

C harks H. Wright, kiuiwii lor years as ■"the father of Ta- conia," died in Philadelphia 3Iarch 23, 1898, at the age of sev- enty-six. He had been in bad health for a number of years. He had last visited Tacoma in 1892. His will left incomes from !i^l.- 2U0,()()0 to his three children, Charles li., Annie L., and William T. William D. Tyler was appointed administrator of his will in this county \\ ith bonds of $12.5,000. His jiersonal propertj' was valued at $l<;o.OOO. He left coal and timber lands, 320 acres of land in King County, -tHO in Pierce County, 70 lots in the Sixth vVddition and interests in a number of the i)rominent manui'ac- turing concerns in Tacoma. His death had much to do with the compromise of the "million dollar suit" which the city had won. Had \Vright lived the tiglit would have gone on and on. He believed he had l)een wronged. The judgment that had been rendered involved his estate and his heirs desired to be rid of the trouble. lioth sides in the controversy were uneasy, the one that it might lose in a rehearing, the other that the great judg- ment might stand. Charles ]?. Hurley, whose all was tied up in thr litigation, came forward with a comprnmisf ])roposaL He already had scimidcd out several of the councilmen and the mayor. The |)eace plan was laid before a special meeting of the council August 1, 1898. Wickersham said that while he felt sure of victory, he had made mistakes in lawsuits and would not advise the city to reject the offer. The coimcil voted to give it consid- eration and at a later meeting voted it dii\\ n.

At this time the cit\- had a suit before the master In ehancerv

152 HISTORY OF TACOMA

of the United States Court to determine ownership of stock of the Taconia Light k Water Company, which suit had grown out of the $787,500 judgment obtained by the city in the Supreme Court; also a suit in the Supreme Court to determine the city's right to sell the Puyallup AVaterworks. In a third suit brought by the New York Security & Trust Company, trustee of the estate of C. B. Wriglit in the United States Court for the pur- pose of foreclosing a mortgage of $250,000, the city was a party defendant.

Through the autumn the negotiations proceeded. There were renewed charges of bribery. A city official had indeed exacted a promise of payment, which was not kept, but it almost put him and the briber in jail. January 12, 1899, the council voted to accept the compromise offer. It embraced these provisions: the company to pay to the city $100,000; to deed all the property, macJiinery, franchises, etc., of the old Connnercial Electric Light & Power Company to the city free of all debt and to pay special attorney's fees amounting to about twenty-five thousand dollars to Sheeks & Wickersham.

This gave to the city control of the electric lighting and jjower business and was considered a good settlement. The prop- erty obtained, together with the cash, was estimated to be wortli two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Final transfer was completed early in February, the great fight was done, but the 2)ublic's troubles were not over. Thousands of dollars, finally amounting to millions, were to be spent before the end seemed to be in sight.

The gas company, which was retained. by Hurley and his company, went into the hands of a receiver in 1897, James C. Drake, now city commissioner, being appointed receiver. It passed out of the receivership in 1899. In 1901 Charles B. Hur- ley sold his interest to W. W. Seymour, who held the control. Hurley formed the Hurley-JNIason Company, which has con- structed some of the largest reinforced concrete structures in the Xorthwest, including the Union station, Tacoma and Perkins buildings. In 1905 Seymour sold his interest to eastern brokers, Messrs. Gay & Dean. They failed and sold the plant to Byllesby & Co., the present owners, who at once began spending large

HISTORY OF TACOMA ^^^

sums in betterments. There has been put into the gas plant about five million dollars. It has 205 miles of mains. One of its em- ployes, Kay Moon, has been on its payroll nineteen years — a long time. In 1!»07 the eompany introduced a water-gas machine, })ut continued to make coal gas. The present output is 1, .")(»(), ()()() cubic feet daily. Klmer Dover, the present manager, is a promi- nent figuie in the l?yllcsby concern and iiis activities cover several western states. Kdmund Seymour iiad returned to Xew York long before the sale. W. W. Seymour, who had spent nuich of his time in Xew York for several years, returned to Tacoma to make it his home, and shortly after the sale of the plant he gave $10, ()()() to the city to be used as Mayor George Wright saw fit. The conservatory in ^Vright Park was decided upon. Seymour's public spirit, cleanly life and high ideals led his friends literally to force him into the mayoral fight and he defeated A. V. Fawcett in the recall fight of 1911.

CHAPTER LXVII

1894 — "on to Washington!" — coxey army under "jumbo"

CANTWELL IN CAMP AT PUYALLUP GOVERNOR m'GRAW IS

CALLED UNITED STATES MARSH^VLS GUARD TRAINS "jUMBO"

RIDES FIRST gLASS — KIOT IN SEATTLE — NORTHERN PACIFIC TRAINMEN STRIKE — SIXTY DEPUTIES ON DUTY — JIMMY JONES

SAVES TODD "dICKINSON's SPECIAL" FEDERAL TROOPS CALLED

GUARDSMEN REBEI, STORM DEMORALIZES TRAFFIC.

Conditions steadily had grown worse. Day by day the groups of idle men increased, and as thej^ discussed the conditions and the causes which they thought had led up to them thej^ became so inflamed that property interests felt alarm. From the East came news of a great army which Coxey, of INIassillon, O., proposed to march to the City of ^Vashing•ton and there demand of Congress and President Cleveland that they adoj^t legislation such as Coxey and his followers believed would cure the national ills. Coxey's apjjeals caused movements of some kind in almost every city in the Union. In Tacoma the response was quick.

With the battle cry of "On to Washington!" the "industrial army," with Frank, known as "General Jumbo," Cantwell, at its head, marched out of Tacoma on the afternoon of April 29, 1894, bound for Puyallup, where it went into camp in a vacant building. For weeks the army had been organizing. Meetings were held in the old National Theater built by Pincus several years before on A Street. The departure was a source of great relief to Chief of PoHce D. O. Smith.

"Jumbo" had early developed into the leader of the Tacoma contingent. By his side at the head of the column marched two lieutenants and his big St. Bernard dog. Next in line came the bearers of a great, handsome flag which the Grand Army

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IIISTOUV OF TACOMA 155

of tlir Ktpulilit- had prrsriiltd to tlu- ai-|iiy. Some GOO persons were ill tlic iiiarcliiiig column, .'{()() of wliom were soldiers pledged to go to W'asiiiiigtoii, wliile the remainder were those who sympa- thized with the movement and had agree<l to remain and assist in earing for tiie wives and eliildren left in Taeoma.

"Jnmho," wearing a bright new unifdrm, doffed hi> widc- l)riiiiiiK(l hat, and, with an engaging sniili-. took up a collection

fr the spectators who had gathered to witness the departure.

Several wagons loaded with commissary stores preceded the army to Puyallup and it was said some $2,000 in cash was in the treasury of the organization.

At l'ii\;ilhi|i llic Tacnma brigade was joliud liy that frdni Seattle, consisting of almost seven hundred soldiers, with General Shepard in command. Here the Federal Government became interested in the army, which it was thought would make an attcmjjt to seize the Northern racific Railway. Deputies under direction of United States Marshal James C. Drake went into camp as guards of railroad property. General ■.lumbo" offered G. W. Dickinson, of the Northern Pacific Company $1,000 for a train of twenty cars to St. Paul, meml)crs of the aiiiiy to man it without cost. The offer was declined.

C'am])ing at Puyallu]) and doing notiiing soon i)egan to tell on the soldiers and 'Mumbo"" and other speakers found theii- hands fnil in trying to keep them in line. Xoiu- of the men was aimed and their orders were not to drink nor steal. Hut the presence of so iii.in\ idle men became irritating to the people of the valley and thev petitiniicd Governor ^leGiaw to eoine and try to -woi'k out a solution.

Mc(Traw went to Puyallup May I'd and a meeting was !uld. 3.000 attending. 1 1 was a wild meeting, almost witli<Mit seml)lance of order, each speakei- talking in a go-as-you-pU'ase niamiei-. with frequent interrujjtions. The governor told the men he could not force the railroad to carry them, that conditions East were as bad as they were in the \\'est and that they, the soldiers, were not wanted l)ack thci-e.

".Tnmlio" then took the floor, declared that his men had been induced \>v the lailioad to (•oine West, they liad paid tlieir money to the railroad for traiispditatloii and now tliey proposed \i> make

156 HISTORY OF TACOMA

that "foreign-owned corporation" carry them back. The net result was the ajipointment of J, G. Davis, A. E. Bennett and H. B. LeFevree to confer witli the Great Northern Raih-oad officials. The men on the Great Northern had struck and that road was in bad condition, its tracks obstructed with rocks and dirt slides and train service demoralized. The army heard that Hill had offered to furnish a train for its use provided it would operate the same to St. Paul, clearing the track as it went. The strikers told the army leaders that they would only be assisting the road to break the strike, and the plan was given up.

The Northern Pacific was in the hands of receivers appointed by and responsible to, the federal courts. Deputy marshals guarded every train. Freight trains moved out of Puyallup only in daylight. Then the army heard that the railroad company had mined the bank of a cut near Buckley and intended to fire the mine and block the track should the army capture and attempt to operate a train. A carload of the Coxeyites were billed out of Puyallup as hay and the railroad hauled the car many miles before its true contents became known.

About 7 P. JNI., IMay 3d, 150 members of the army flagged a train between Alderton and Orting, climbed aboard and told the crew to go ahead. At Palmer Junction the train was side- tracked and the brigade was left to care for itself. Realizing the impossibility of moving the army as a unit, the leaders decided that in order to reach Spokane the soldiers must travel as they tfould, and small bands appeared all along the line. Deputy marshals moved up the line with the bands, both sides soon being scattered all the Avay from Puyallup to Pasco. "Jumbo," dodg- ing back and forth along the line, but always riding as a first-class passenger, assisted the men to climb aboard trains or to get over the road in other ways.

The Roslyn coal miners had struck and sixty strikers went to Cle Elum jNIay 9, cajjtured a coal car and started down grade to Ellensburg. Gravity was the motive power used in this twenty-eight mile trip, the journey being made in two hours, twenty-two minutes. All trains were side-tracked upon orders from Tacoma. At Ellensburg the coal car Avas abandoned. A larger crowd went to the stock yards, captured two cattle cars

HISTOHV OF TAC'OMA I"

and started for Nortli ^';lkiIll;l. Deputies sent west from Yakima to intercept the cattle cars built an obstruction on the track, and forced the army to bring its down-Iiill train to a stop. A large number of the riders were arrested.

The army now decided to sail down tlie Yakima Kiver. .V large scow was loaded with soldiers antl set adrift. About four miles down stream a wliirliKHil u|iMt the scow, drowiiiu^' lour men and Ua\ iiii;- thr i-emaining fourteen clinging to a log. One man swam asliore and bidiight assistance to his stranded comrades.

At all points the army Inuiid .sym[)athizers who were ready to assist it. Several Yakima citizens were too sympathetic in speech and deputies arrested them J'or inciting a riot. The con- stant friction between deputies and soldiers began to tell on nerses. When the movement began there had been a half-way friendliness between the guards and the oiiarded, but this dis- appeared as the tension grew, atid May !> the first serious clash occurred. A fight started in Yakima and Marshal Chidester, in drawing his revolver, shot himself through the leg. Deputy Jolly also was wounded, some said by a shot from C'hidester's revolver while others maintained that the shooting was done by "the Big Swede" of the army. Gmis were forbidden the soldiers, but most of them carried heavy elul)s.

Cantwell finally reached Chicago in comparative luxury on the collections of a vaudeville and glee club composed of his soldiers, who performed in various towns for the benefit of the "general." But his .'JOO soldiers had dwindled by desertion or arrest to 100 by the time they reached Spokane. May 12, l.)7 soldiers and sympathi/ers were brought back to Seattle, jailed and tried before Judge Ilanl'ord. 'V\\v\v ai-iival in Seattle caused a riot and resulted in calling out tlic federal troops. Cant will and "San Jose Hill" had l)cen 'bouncers" in the notorious Morgan resort. He had had fights with policemen time and again, and he was regarded as a dangerous man in a fight by almost every- body in town except "Eagle Eye" Flamiigan, a city detective, who later became known as Ed I'lannigan. Xoitliwcstt in cliani])- ion weight thrower. Flannigan found his superbest pleasure in arresting "Jumbo" on every j)ossil)le excuse, and if it meant a

158 HISTORY OF TACOMA

rough and tumble fight the greater his joy. Cantwell in after years became a member of the city council of Chicago. He died a few months ago. He was once arrested and charged with having picked the pockets of a small man. "Jumbo" went into court, held up his hand and asked if it was possible for such a fist to enter a pocket so small. The case was dismissed. His hands were enormous.

A strike that threatened calamity to the United States began in June, 1894. Northern Pacific trainmen quit work on the 29th. The railroad was in the hands of a receiver appointed by the federal court, and as soon as the strike began United States Judge Hanford placed it practically in Government hands. For three weeks the train service was utterly demoralized. Only a handful of engineers and firemen could be employed. Every man who took employment risked his life. Engineer Marsh, a half-breed Cherokee Indian, is said to have gone to his engine with four enormous revolvers in plain vieAv. Engineer A. B. Todd was attacked by strikers at Thirteenth and Pacific Avenue and terribly beaten, but he escaped into the California Building, where "Jimmy" Jones, the elevator man, probably saved his life. Todd entered the elevator and Jones kept the car running, or standing, between floors. The mob hissed and hooted and stoned the United States deputy marshals. The Edison car shops were closed. For five days no transcontinental train left Tacoma. The first one to get through was "Dickinson's Special," the engine of which was run by George W. Dickinson, the general manager of the railroad, who in his earlier years had been an eneineer. He ran this train almost all the wav to St. Paul.

The state populist convention was in session in North Yakima when the strike began. The delegates had no way of reaching home except by walkiilg. A few miles out of Yakima a group of them found a railroad bridge burning. It had been fired by strikers. The populists determined to let it Inn-n. though they reported that they could have quenched the blaze with ease.

All of the employes of the railroad were required to take the same oath as the federal officers. ]Many of them displayed the greatest bravery in their attempts to run trains. But the situa- tion got entirely beyond them and the sixty deputy marshals.

ii u '• t "^^ y

IiKITTV UMTKU STATES MAKSHAl.S W llu 11A.\ J)1>K1) i(J.\KV'.s AKMV IX 1894 Picture taken at the old passenger station in Puyallu])

GOVNOR TEATS ADDRESSINCi COXEY'S ARMY, APRIL 29, 1894 From the balcony of the Park Hotel, Puyallu|i, wliicli stooil at the souUiwest oorner of Meridian and Pioneer Avenue. Started by Ezra Meeker, but never completed, ami torn down in ten vears.

IIISTOKV OF TACOMA 159

About eiglit lniiidrtd I'liited States troops were lnou<fht from Vancouver barracks and tiny encamped in the enclosure about the XiirtlK-rn I'aeilie st;itli)n. W. C". Albce, now suiiei-inlendent, tlieii w as chief train ihspateiier and the troops were assigned to the trains by him. This made the situation much easier. Hut there was continual trouble I'rom soap and bran in the water used by the engines, and in obstructions placed on the tracks, sand in box- ings and many other dillieultics.

The National (Jiiai-d liad been encamped at Woodland. Com- jKUiy G refused to ride (Hi a train manned by a nonunion crew and denounced Knginii r .1. .1. C'ainei'on and "Peg-leg" Alward as scabs. The railroad liien rel'used to haul the soldiers at all unless they apologized to the engineer and conductor. There was a great demur, luii Hrigadier-General Curry lined llie men u]) and, after giving them a severe lecture on theii- mutinous eon- duct, exacted a promise that they would obey orders and shoot to kill, if necessary. The men were recjuired to a])ologi/e to the trainmen. Failure to inllict more drastic punishment upon them was sharply resented hy Colonel McCarty, who insisted tiiat the soldiers should be tritd lor mutiny.

The strike contimied for ai)out three weeks. Gradually tin- men fell away, and the railroad forces increased until trains could be handled with some regularity. It was, however, nearly a year before normal service was restored. A great amount of vandal- ism was committed, and the operation of trains was hazardous in the extreme.

In the winter bel'oi'e, the service had been ])aralyzed by the snow. Then came the Coxev iVrmy ilisturbance. About thi- time that the strike ended there came a severe flood. It was a dis- astrous year for tiie railroads.

Weatherwise folk carried umbrellas on the morning of .Tunc 2, 181)4. Clouds hung around the dome of the mountain and there was nincli predicting of rain storms, hail, tinmder and other distinbanees. A\ .):.'J() in the afternoon the storm broke. Tjight- ning paralyzed telephone, telcgraj)h and light service, driving tele])hone operators away from the switeliboards. A iieavy wind compelled craft on the bay to run for shelter. Gutters were over- flowed and water lan in sheets down the middle of the streets.

160 HISTORY OF TACOMA

About 6 :30 the Otis Sj^ragiie flats, a two-story and mansard roof building, 100x50 feet in size, on E Street, between Eighth and Ninth, was blown down, injuring five of the members of the Fehse and Hurley families, then living there. The storm pre- vailed from Portland north and eastward. Railway sei-vice was suspended entirely for a time and did not fully recover for weeks.

CHAPTER l.XVIll

PEINTKKs' LOCK-OUT — MoKMM; IMoX IS STARTED — PICTURESQUE NEWSPAPERMEN' — DAILY NEWS SOLD UNDER JIAMMER — GREAT

SU.ALS OP MONEY LOST "NELLIE" A TROUBLE MAKER — I5EN-

NETT LOSES $120,000—0, B. HAYDEn's TRIALS — PERKINS EN- TERS EIELD,

Tliat uliich iRxt cii,ua,i>c(I coinniunity interest was the "Ledger Lock-out.' a fdiiUsl fainous in Xorthwest labor annals. August 2G. 18i>.'{, Col. C. A. Snowdc'iL editor-manager of the Ledger, wrote to David A. Maulshy, the foreman, inl'orming him that dull conditions made it necessary for the I.,edger to reduce wages 20 per cent. He said thai the operators of the iiniityi)es which liad been instalkd .Innc 22, IS'.i.'J, heeause of inexperience were not earning their wages. The scale was $5 a day for men in the advertising alleys and .$-t..50 for linotyjje operators. Maulsby turned the mattei- over to the ly|)ographieal union, which in- formed ,Snowden that lie had reduced the force until a handful of men were doing the work of many and tliat it doubted if any other morning jjapcr oti the coast was doing as well. 'I'hc Ledger was the first paper in the Ignited States to ask for a reduction and word would go out, said the union, tiiat Tacoma was in decay. The Ledger, it was argued, set its ])riee on advertising and sub- serij)tions and its men had tlii' right to fix their own wages. Sev- eral letters passed and the sitnation griw more tensi'. The printers were confounded with astonishment wiieii on Xoveniber 21st they were locked out. and tiuir places taken by members of the Printers Protective l-'raleiiiity. 'I'he jjressroom force quit and for two days the Ledger issued a four-column, one-j)age paper. The union boycott told on the advertising patronage. ,lnnc I, IS'.lk tlic subscription piicc. whicii had been $1 a month, was reduced to 7') cents. The printers were trying to "l)iun'"

Kit

162 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Snovvden, expecting a favorable compromise. It is a trick of all trades. And they expected, if locked out, to be able to end the contest in a week or ten days at most. Snowden was hot all the way through. The union had taken advantage of Xelson Ben- nett's ignorance of the jH-inting business to load the mechanical dejiartments with useless men, he thought — this being another trick of some trades. Snowden was not in a mood to jjalaver. Soon both sides had necks bowed. The jTrinters started the ]Morn- ing Union a day or two after the lock-out, with David A. 3Iaulsby as business manager, and the fight went for months. Hatreds were born that have not been healed to this daj'.

Soon after the Morning Union was started in November, 1893, Colonel Visscher became the editor. The printers who founded it had no money, but they gave their services and canvassed diligently for advertising and made a very creditable four- page, six-column paper of it. Visscher became ill, went south and later to Chicago as a special writer for the Herald. He was suc- ceeded as editor of the Union ])y Thomas ]M. Sammons, now United States consul in Shanghai, China. One of the printers on the i^aper was Seneca Ketchnm, unwashed and red-headed, who signed himself "Psalm Itiley" and wrote humorous verse that was widely copied. Several able business managers tried to save the Union Mhich jn-ofessed to champion the common peojjle and had a good circulation. Its flickering existence was not aided when the public heard that one of its backers, for a time at least, was George Boggs, Avho, after being elected to the city treas- urership, defaulted. The Union succeeded, however, in doing what it set out to do — make life unhappy for Xelson Bennett.

Visscher was actor, jioet, lecturer and entertainer. He was in demand at every banquet and is remembered with delight by those who knew him here. He wrote a volume or two of verse and some of his i^oems had a Avide vogue. One of them. "The Barbarian," he recited again and again with line effect, and it was printed in newspapers far and wide. The last three lines of the jioem are often quoted. They ran:

"Had I been there with three score men Christ Jesus had not died — He'd not been crucified."

HON. FRANKLIN K. LANE

Kilitor and )>iirt owner of the Daily News iii

the earlv '90s

RICHARD ROEDIfiER

A former owner in tlie Daily News, in several

Alaska (ia[iers and the Tacoina Tribune

CON<;i?ESS.\lAN

ALBKHT .lUHNSOX

Editor of the Daily News

from 1898 to isid"

THOMAS W. rHO.SCH

Editor of Taconia 's first

newspaper, The Pacific

Triliune, in 187-t

.Il'LlVS DK'KEXS

IMitor of the Express

in Steilacooni

E. N. FULLEH A foriiiiT editor of the Daily News, and jHililisher of Every Sunday and the Taco- niian.

COL. \VM. LKiUTl'OOT VISSCHER Editor of the CIhIpp .iiid Liter of the Union

NEWSP.M'KH IHri'dKS I'AST AND I' li KSKNT

HTSTOin' OF TACOMA l«:j

When Alkii C. Mason was laving out one of his nortli md additions lie nariK-d <n\v of the streets after Visscher.

Taconia has liad a miiiibtr of pictm-csciue newspaper writers and jjrinters. None of the printers were more interesting than Ileiuy Penrod, a one-armed man who set type at a surprising speed, and who was able to dump his own stiek. There was at that time. IS'.H), Imt one other one-armed printer in Ameriea, hut he eould not dump his stick without help. Penrod had learned his trade in tiie (Government Printing OtHce in \Vashington, 1). C.

.IniK' 1 1. IS'.t.'J. the Daily News was sold hy [\\v shciilf to sat is ly a judgment for $l-t,{)00 held hy William Melntyre. He bid in plant and hiisiness for $3.-2()(). Capt. Uiehard Roediger lost a consideialilt sum and Tacoma lost Franklin K. Lane who, in the deal, was compelled to relinqm'sh tlie third interest that he had in the property. The newspapers, always first to feci a business depression and perhajjs the worst sufferers, were hard hit. The News publishers, without a word of e.\i)lanation, had reduced the size of the- |)a|)ti- from liglit to four pages. 'I'he paper then was published at lilt l{ailroad Street, to which place it had removed May -I'.i. ISOO. With the sale ^Mclntyrc's name went to the masthead, and Koediger. who had been the pa])cr's business man- ager, entered the customs service mider Collector Heustis. In '98 he starti-d till- Dawson News, lie did not goto Alaska, liow- ever. until I'.iou. wlun in distressing weather he took into the far Xoith the first Mergenthaler typesetting machine. The jjarty was twentv-nine days on this journey fi'om AN'hite Horse to Daw- son, though the distance was but .'520 miles. The linotyjje was carried on dog sleds. In 1007 lioedigcr bought the Fairbanks Tribune, now the News-Miner. He sold it m 1910. A year before he had sold tile Dawson jjaper. He retmiKil to Tacoma in 1!»()'.» and lionglil an interest in the iMcnIng Trilnme from H. !•'. Kade- baugh, who had started it in .]\u\v. l'.M)S. and who had lost in the venture all that he had. Koediger then lost about forty thousand dollars in it. and sold it in the spring of 191.'}. He then was ap- pointed surveyor-general of the state by Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Fan* . Imt he died in ]Mav of that year before he had

16^ HISTORY OF TACOMA

taken office. Mclntyre was interested with Roediger in Alaska. He now is living in Everett.

^Vith the retirement of Lane, George P. Jacobs, who had written editorials for the Tacoma Sunday Times, became editor of the News. He held the position for about two years and was succeeded by A. V. Ryan. Jacobs has been with the News ever since.

Enormous sums of money have been lost in Tacoma news- papers. The total has been estimated at more than a million dol- lars, of which the Ledger lost nearly eight hundred thousand dol- lars up to the time it was acquired by S. A. Perkins, who put it on its feet. Radebaugli is now living quietly near Wapato Lake, where he has a shop in whicli he is working on two or three patents that promise well. He is developing a cork making machine upon which he first began work before lie came to Tacoma in '81. And in the doing of tliese things he is finding health and satisfaction that he never found when pouring nervous energy into the insati- able gullet of a newspaper or the building of a railroad. In 1913 he emerged from his semi-retirement long enough to write an able and readable book, "The Pacific Metropolis, Where and Why," in which fact is i)iled upon fact in proving that Tacoma has in her favor everything that must yet contribute to make her the queen of the west coast.

The Daily News did not get typesetting machines until July, '95, when it bought two Thornes, but in 1890 it had bought a perfecting jn-ess. It was a Goss press, especially built and its speed was 15,000 an hour. Its name was "Nellie." It was the first perfecting press to be ordered by a Washing-ton newspaper, but the Seattle P. -I. ordered one of the same pattern shortly after the order for the "Nellie" was placed, and the P. -I. press, through no fault of the News, was first to be put in operation. "Nellie" was a source of trouble as well as of pride. She gave mucli difficulty until the following autumn when R. E. Balicock came out from the East and tamed her. The News was bought by S. A. Perkins in 1898, and Albert Sidney Johnson, who had acquired prominence in eastern newspai^er fields, was brought to Tacoma as editor. His geniality and ability attracted a large following. He resigned in 1906 to become managing editor of

.TAMES X. BRADLEY LOUIS W. PHATT

Editor of tlio Globe, foiiiidcr of the Ever- Writer on the Lc.lf;iT, piitron of imisie and ett Herald and for maiiv years editor of the builder of the National Kealty Building

Taconia Ledger, retiring in 1910.

11. C. PATWllK lilCHAKI) T. BtCllANAX (lEOKlU-; W. .MATTICl-:

Founder of the Daily News Hditor of the Daily Ledger Founder of the Taconia News

since 1910

1{. F, UAIiKI'.AUGH COL. C. A. .SNOWDKN

Founder of the Taeonia Ledger and in later Editor-manager of the Le<lger under tlio years of the Taconia Tribune Bennett ownership

NKWSl'Al'EH EDITORS PAST AND I'KKSKNT

HISTORY OF TACOMA 165

the Seattle Morning- Times, a venture that eost tlie Bletlieiis JfTO.OOO before they killed it. Johnson then bought the Morning W'ashiiigtnnian in Ilociuiani and soon afterward was elected to Congress, wlicre he has served with distinction. L'pon Johnson's leaving the Xews Herbert Hunt became editor.

Xelson Bennett retired from the Ledger January 1, 18'.»6, having lost his investment of $120,()()() and whatever he put into it in the five years of his ownershi]). He had sacrificed everything to save his banks and his credit. Col. C. A. Snowdcn and several friends foi-med a company and |)roccedcd with pul)lication. The fight with the i)rinters" union continur<l. 'i'hat contest and hard times formed an iiisupt lalih' (il)staclt' and May I.), 1807, the jjapii' went into the liands of .Maj. O. H. Haydcn as receiver. The major, thougii a good writer, never had tried his hand in the sanctum but he had enough humor in his soul to prevent the paper from worrying him to death, though in his very interesting, autobiography he confesses that he was having the time of his life trying to keep the ])ai)cr ali\ f. It leaked out that the major was a candidate for the postmastei'slii]). lie was a close friend of Senator John L. Wilson and his a])i)()intnient was assured. Tiie typogra])hical union threatened to fight his ai)])ointment unless he unionized the Ledger. xVbout live thousand dollars was due the em])loyes and there was no money to pay them. Hayden told the unidii that it' it would i-aise enough money to pay all hands, oi' wMiihi take all the Ledger's emplo3'es into the union, he would unionize the otHcc if the court would let him. Tlie major's anto- hiogra])hy says:

"T iiave served as receiver al other limes, Init this ,)oli was the hardest of my experience. A republican paper and a n |)ulilitan receiver appointed liy a democratic judge! Its editorial utter- ances had to be colorless. Fighting for its life it could not use the knife on anybody. The Morning I'^nion. a hybrid horn of free silver. po])ulism and democracy, made uiu'clenting war on the Ledger, hoping perhaps to clear the held for securing the Asso- ciated Press."

Ill (lid riol have to struggle long. July 'JHli he sold it to C. M. !*chultz, a Chicago newspaper man, who made peaci' with the j)rinters' union, ])ut new men in all departments and on the

Vol. II — 11

166 HISTORY OF TACOMA

fii-st Sunday he owned it "comics" apjieared for the first time in Tacoma. Schultz said liis circulation increased 1,193 the fij-st week he owned the paper. Judge W. J. Gordon, then on the bench, invested in the paper with Schultz and remained until 1900, when Sidney A. Perkins bought it. The Wright estate long had had a mortgage of about twenty thousand dollars. Diligent work soon enabled Perkins to lift the mortgage and place the property on a new basis. When he took over the Ledger its editors were Henry James and Ed Cowan, a brilliant pair.

LllAl'TKK l.XiX

1893-4 LONG DEBATE OVEK PUOPOSEU CITY HALL — CHAMBER OF

COMMERCE DECIDES Kt lU Il.l) — CITY LETS CONTRACT I'OK MUXIC- IP^VL BUILDING — CITY AND CHAMBER EXCHANGE BUILDING

SITES — GREAT SLIDES ON AVATEKI'RONT AVAREHOUSES, DEPOT

AND DOCKS CARRIED AWAY MAN AND GIRL DROWNED — HOW A

WOMAN BECAME OWNER OF A WATER PL.VNT SUICIDE OE ABE

GROSS — FATAL STREET CAR WRECK — FIGHT FOR FIVE-CENT FAKE.

For a long time city officials and citizens had been discussing the desiral)ility of a city hall. The city owned lots on the north- east corner of C and Xintli streets. Old Rainier Street used to pass directly east of lots 10 to 19, inclusive, block 70.). H> the vacation of tliis street by Ordinance Xo. 112 years before tiiis triangle of land, 100 feet by 600 feet, was attached to the abutting property. 'I'liis was sold August 21. 1890, to the city for $19,200 by William 15. and Alice E. Blaekwell, Isaac and Maud V. >\nder.son. The Chamber of Commerce owned the ])roperty where the city hall n<i\v stands. Numerous attempts had been made to erect a city liiilidiiig at Xintii and C sti'eets. and the lots finally were excavated I'oi- the purpose. Clamor from llie tax- payers against the growing del)t checked tlu' work and the eity got no further than a hose house.

The Chamber of Commerce had iiieoritorated for $240,000, with Xelson Remiett, A. C. Smith. F. T. Olds. F. U. Wade, Samuel Collyei-. .lolm McC ready, \V. \. I'ratt. .Mexander Bail- lie and T. O. Al)bott as incor])orators. It lonk the place of the old Chand)er of Commerce Com])any, and I Ik work outlined for the new liody was the erection of a bfautiliil building. Prizes had been offered for the best set of plans. The first |)rize of $.500 went to Ilatherton & Mcintosh, of Tacoma; the second,

167

168 HISTORY OF TACOMA

$300, to Grain & Bosworth, of Milwaukee, and the third, $200, to Proctor & Dennis, of. Tacoma. The selecting conmiittee was composed of Messrs. Lamjison, Browne, Olds, Smith and Baillie, and called to its assistance Engineer Huson and Architect Cliarles Talbott of the Northern Pacific Railroad. Hatherton came to Tacoma from San Francisco, where he had for some years been that city's official architect. ]McIntosh had been employed with Hatherton for some nine years. They were an able pair, and the building they designed fitted well into the extravagances of the period. Its towers, spires and rich fa9ades promised to give a new asjDect to the skyline, and a shock even to plethoric purses. The contract to build was awarded to D. B. Adams at $167, -400.

Two weeks later, August 30, 1890. the council awarded the contract for the building of the new city hall to John T. Long for $1.57,800. The council several times had endeavored to bond the city in order to fund the indebtedness and provide money for imjirovements. One set of bonds had been issued and a man had taken them to Xew York for delivery when a flaw was found and the bankers refused to buy. The proposal to issue $6.56,784.97 in bonds was submitted to the voters February 3, 1891, with the result that of the 3,091 votes cast, 3.010 were in favor of the bonds, and the council passed an ordinance for issuing $.5.50,000 in bonds— $200,000 for a city hall and $350,000 for funding the indebtedness.

The idea of planting a liandsome city building down among a lot of business blocks was opposed by many citizens. A few looked forward to a commodious structure set in a commodious tract, with room for shrubbery and flowers — a little breathing spot in the city's heart, they thought, would be appreciated by posterity. This and other considerations raised the question of swapping sites with the Chamber of Commerce. The chandler was ^\'illing and was pushing the matter because it desired its home to be as nearly in the heart of the business district as possible. The coimcil appointed the mayor and Councilmen Warner, Clement and Johnson to confer with a chamber com- mittee composed of IVIessrs. Caughran, Rice and Hayden. After hearing the report the coimcil voted not to trade.

When INIayor Kandle. ]M. S. Hill, George W. Boggs and

laaiiL;

Till-: TACOMA l;l ll.lUNIi Home of tho Tiicoina Coimiicrciiil Clul) aii.l ('haiiihcr of Coinmcrce. It was Imilt jointly by tlu' Weyn hauiisor Tiiiiln-r Conn)aiiy and the Commercial Club.

i r.

IIISTOHV OF TAtOMA

i(i;)

Fred T. Taylor opened the bond bids, April lOtli. luarly all ol' them had provisos attached. The award was made to the xVnieri- can Loan & Trust Company of Dulutli. which bid par. II. \V. \VIiip])le, the coini)aiiy's af-eiit, deposited a certified cheek I'oi' ,$27,.>00. The bonds bore (i per cent and were payable in "lawful money" — not o-old. Seattle about the same time sold sonu' bonds at 1()."{ and iii;iii\ 'i';ic(inians bili(.\t(l tluii- city bail riTid in not providing- for payiiutit in uold as Seattle bad dtme.

The project of trading- sites was under wide discussion, sharj) ])nssurc being- ])ut u))()n the council by a number of business men. Whtn the council took it up in .lunc for final deterniin;iti(in INIayor Kandlc urged rejection. 'I'lic ])eoplc. be said, iiad vutcil bonds for a building at Ninth and C .streets and injunctions might pursue a change in plan. He also (luestioned the title of tlic chauibei-'s lots. City Attorney Milligan had rendered an ojiinion that the city could trade sites if it desired, but he found that the chamber's pro])erty had been acHjuired by ordinance vacating certain streets, and on condition that a i)nilding to cost not less than $7->,0()0 be erected thercim within eighteen months after the vacating ordinance (No. 841 ) was passed. This build- ing had not been erected. He thought, however, that the ordinance was unconstitutional because it proposed to benctit a })rivate corporation — the C'hamlier of Commerce. Hut the pro- ponents of tlic trade successfully ai'gurd that the cliainiier w;is a ])ublic institution, sup|)orted by publie contrjliutions, and work- ing for the city.

The Commercial Club put one hundred jx'titions in circula- tion and ])assed resolutions endorsing the trade. These resolutions immediately were sent to the council, then in session, accomi)anied by 34 of the 100 ijctitions. These ."U petitions Iiad been signed by 780 citl/ins. Hill. Warner .-inil Clrniciit. of tln' council com- mittee, had examined the objections rai.sed by the niayoi-. and recoimnended that the trade be made at once. June lltb tiic ordinance ])roviding for the exchange was adojjtcd.

The coimcil then accei^tcd the Ilatherton & ]\IcIntosb plans for the new city hall, but they bad to be changed to suit the city's requirements.

It was not until llic following spring that the Chamber of

I'O HISTORY OF TACO^NIA

Commerce began its building at C and Xintb stieets. ]May 13th the Masonic order, with Alfred A. Plummer, acting grand master, assisted ])y the Chamber of Commerce, Commercial Club, city council and citizens, with i^arades, music and speeches, laid the cor- ner stone. The l)uilding was completed (juickly and cost -$1 ();3,000.

The city hall was accepted April 26, 1893, and the officers began moving in. Tlie council held its first meeting there April 29th, devoting the session to speech making. The total cost was $257,90(3.97.

The public library at once moved into the fiftli floor of the building. The library had shown a good growth the preceding year, the number of books having doubled and the membership having increased four-fold. A little while later the Ferry IMuseum, then very small, also found quarters in the city hall.

At 11 :10 o'clock on the night of Xovember 28, 1894. a strip of land between 2.50 and 300 yards long and from 20 to 60 feet wide slid into the bay, carrying the liome and boatliouse of H. H. Alger, forty-five feet of the south end of the Northern Pacific Railroad's Puget Sound warehouse, its freight office and the adjoining stock yards. Night-watchman Jf)]in Hanson and Emma Stubbs, age 1.5, daugliter of Alger, were carried down in the wi-eckage and lost their lives. The gii-l's body was not recovered. jNIay 18, 189.5, diver Baldwin found Hanson's body pinned beneath timbers in forty feet of water.

Further nortli a second slide a few minutes later carried away a portion of tlie Ocean dock. Policeman Harry Keene and Night-watchman Eastman were standing near the Crescent Creamery plant (now the Pacific Cold Storage Company) when the slide started. They felt a heavy jar, followed immediately by the crash of the Puget Sound warehouse as it broke up and settled into the water.

The pump house, containing the engine and boilers supplying the steam for tlie ])umps then liydraulicking earth from the bluff, floated back near tlie other docks, caught fire and threatened to destroy tlie remaining portions of the warehouses. The Alger house floated out into the bay and the steamer Blue Bird rescued all members of the family except Emma. It was supposed she had been struck liy falling timbers, rendered unconscious and drowned.

HISTOKV OF TACOMA m

The scarcity of liglits rendered rescue work dilliciill and it was not until the following morning that the full extent of tiie damage could he ascertained.

The following night another section of the made land, ahout two acres in extent, went down at low tide, carrying with it 120 feet more of tlie I'uget Soiinci warehouse, and mucli nf the adjoining land settled.

Several days hefore the first slide occurred it was reported that smoke clouds were hanging ahout the top of Moimt Tacoma and that its long extinct tires were threatening to hreak out. Old Town watchmen reported that they had seen a tidal wave fifteen feet in height sweep the shore.

Xorthern Pacific officials attempted to do nothing until the land stojJiJcd sliding. They estimated the damage to warehouses and tracks at ahout $1.*}.()00. The pump house was gone; also the freight office in which was a safe containing $2, 400 in cash and checks and other papers worth more than $10,000.

Engineers soon were at wdrk making a survey of the slide, and it was found that the hottom of the bay had settled over an area of some twenty acres. ^Vhere the warehouses had stood sixty feet of water was found: TOO foot piles were washed out, and the fact that they were not broken led Division Superin- tendent McCabe to believe that the cause of the catastrophe was the washing out of a stratum of quicksand low down beneath the filled-in earth. Extending their soundings iiilo [hv hay the engineers foujid that for more than 1.000 feet outward from shore the bottom of the bay had settled down from 20 to 00 feet, and at a few places an even greater subsidence was shown. This discovery led Chief Engineer ^rcITe?n'v to say that it was not a sliding hut a dropping motion that had cau.sed the trouble. The center of the disturhancr. lu said, was to be found about 1.000 feet from shore.

The freight office was found floating near the so\ithern end of ]Maury Island, but the safe and its money had disapi)eared. Many stories have been eiicidated to the effect that the safe and its \aliiahk' contents was stolen Iml I'ailroad ollieials nt'\ ei- cred- ited them. Divers recovered pari of llic ninehinery of the jjump house.

172 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Miss jMinnie Collins, of Boston, had arrived in Taconia in August, 1893, to visit her former schoolmate, ]Mrs. Ernest X. Hazard, wife of the builder and pro2)rietor of the Edison water- works. They had been chums in a fashionable boarding school in Ithaca, X. Y. iSIiss Collins was engaged to a rich Boston man. September days drifted away, the brown jirairie became green from October rains and still the guest remained. She departed November 19th. The next day ]Mr. Hazard disappeared and it was sometime before it was learned that he and INIiss Collins were jihilandering at the Hot Springs. He returned to Tacoma, but not for long. When he again departed he took his little son. He was captured by detectives, the whole story became public, and Mrs. Hazard sued for divorce. Hazard was worth some -flO.OOO. Alber E. Joab was her attorney, and his array of condenming phrases gave the erring spouse a satisfactory dressing. Judge Parker granted ]Mrs. Hazard a divorce, and gave her the boy, $5,500 in cash, all the real estate and the Edison waterworks. Hazard and Miss Collins went to another part of the country where they were married.

Later the water })lant Avas sold to Thomas Thomas, who mortgaged it to A. H. Bowman. Bowman foreclosed in 1897, and in 1898 sold it to Calvin Philijjs & Co., who sold it to the city in 1903. Hazard is now in Chicago.

The funeral of Abe Gross brought together in the new tem])le, Beth Israel, South Tenth and I streets, which had been dedicated September 11, 1893, an audience made up of Gentile and Jew. On the night of jNIarch 29. 1894, Abe returned from a card party and shot himself. He was twenty-nine, merry and popu- lar and no one yet knows why he ended his hfe. The Avhole city was in mourning. Elks, Pythians, Masons and Hebrew societies filled the s^magogue with flowers. The dead man's brother, Morris, read the Hebrew prayer. Rev. Alfred AY. ]\Iartin, of the First Free Church, preached the funeral sermon, followed bj^ the orthodox Hebrew service by Rabbi ]\I. Lincer. The pallbearers were Fremont Campbell. J. H. Babbitt. Oscar I. Reichenbach, Col. Albert E. Joab, Isaac Harris and Simon Hirsch. A great croAvd followed the young Jew to his grave in the Hebrew cemetery. The democracy of the congregation

HISTOHV or TAC'OMA n.i

and the services emphasized the iiilhicncc ol' the Free C'Iiuih li and recalled nieinories of the first service there, with Itev. Father Ilylehos, tiie Catholie. .sittin<>- on the staj>;e. The occasion was the funeral of Mrs. Walter J. Thonii)son. Temple Iktli Israel also has had an important fmietion in the community. It has heen otHcered hy many fine, cleanly and ahle men — men ol' tiie type of Theoi)hil Feist and Meyer .laeoh. now its president and secretary, respectively.

At the xVpril election of couneilmeii the results indicated how seriously the ])eople were hreakin^' away from jjarty lines. The result was: First Ward, "NV. 11. Harris. inde|)eudent, .'Ul ; Second, Percy D. Norton, re])ul)lican, .590: Third, Alexander Parker, citizens, 7*33; Fonitli. J. L. C'oates, non-partisan, 280; Fiftli. -Ai. v. liul^er. i)oi)ulist. 4()S: .Sixth. J. \V. Kleeb, repub- lican. D-l; Seventh, Samuel I lice, re])ublican, !.>(>: Kiohth, Geor^Jje

F. Whitty. re])ul)lican. (>:}. Total reyistration. CI 80: total vote cast, 4,802.

Five thousand persons attended the opening (if the Interstate Fair in Aunnst. I,ai-<ife delegations came from Olympia and Seattle, and Governor McGraw spoke. Olcif Hull's Interstate Band furnished the music. It was this excellent musician's intro- duction to the "i^cneral public, which he has served well in the years tliat have |)assed. A lar<>e crowd coming I'or the fair a few weeks later caused a fatal wreck at Tacoma .Vveniii' and North Seciind Street, when a sli'eet car axle broke, overturning the car. injuring almost everyone on boaid and instantly kilHng

G. G. Chandler, general agent of the Xorthern Pacific Railroad. The dryhouse of the St. Paul tV Tacoma Lumber Company

burned October 'Hh. with a loss of $18().(K)(). It was the largest fire Tacoma had bad for some five years.

Annexation and talk of atuuxation — for even in hard times the tendency toward dangerous expansion continued — caused the (|uestion of carfares to come before the council, the aim l)eing to compel the company, already in straits, to carry passengers for 5 cents no matter how long the ride. The council jjassed the ordinance, politics, as usual, pressing hard, Init Mayor On-. |)oint- ing to the injustices, vetoed it. The council failed tf) ])ass it over his veto. In after years politicians rode into office again and again on this issue.

CHAPTER LXX

1895 — SUICIDE OF PAUL SCHULZE — HIS CAREER — DISCOVERY OF

HIS PECULATIONS SALE OF HIS EFFECTS IN LO\'E AVITH AN

ACTRESS LAKE VIEW ROLLING MILL BICYCLE CLUB FORMED

— FIRST GOLF PLAYED — COUNTRY CLUB ORGANIZED — ASSASSI- NATION OF DOCTOR AVINTERMUTE.

Paul Scliulze had been cutting a wide swath ever since he had been sent to Tacoma. His handsome private car, his spank- ing teams, and the general magnificence of his household aston- ished even his superiors in the Northern Pacific Railroad service. Some of them long had suspected that Schulze was stealing. They and one or two of his confidential clerks in the company's land office were little surprised when on the afternoon of April 12, 1895, Schulze's Japanese servant found him dead in his room, a bullet hole in his temple. The community gener- ally was stunned. He had built — on land company's money — and was occupying the handsome house at 601 N. Yakima Avenue, now the home of William Jones. His funeral was imposing.

The evening before his death Schulze, after eating dinner with a friend, carried to the kitchen several large bundles of private papers which he burned, watching them until they were consmned. He told his Japanese cook that he expected to go EAvay for a long time.

The public supposed Schulze to be a rich and contented man, though the Tacoma Railway & Motor Company, the Northern Pacific, Yakima and Kittitas Irrigation Company, the Traders Bank and the Tacoma Grocery Company, in all of which he was interested, were in the hands of receivers. His debts were esti- mated at $300,000. In a few days his systematic robbery of the land department became known. He had left no estate save the

174

IIISTOKV OF TACOMA 1"'

little personal [(Kipcrty valucil at less than $.5,()()(). Much of the railroad's land {^rant was luin^ paid fur liy settlers. Scliul/e receipti'd lur these payments Imt ilid not turn iheni into the eom- pany treasur\-. When pmeiiascis wiole lo headcjuarters de- manding deeds to tlieir property Sehul/.e's whole program was revealed. lie was asked to resign, and the eom])any was pre- paring [n prdSfeule. Schidzi' was Imhu in (icrniany in \H\rH. re- ceived a college cihicatidii. and canir td llic I'nited States in 18()H. In 1871 he entered the land deparlment of the Oregon &: California Railroad and when Henry Villard hecame its ])resi- dent he was advanced to the position of land agent. Scliul/e was largely responsihle for Villard's coming to America. The two met at l-'rankfort-on-thc-Main and Schulze induced Villard to \isit Ameiica. As an organi/er Schul/c was a success. In 1881 the Xortlii in I'acific ('(unpaiiy at his suggestion organized the .Sunn\sidc C anal prnjLct and in ISSi) he organized the Ta- conia Railway k^ Motor Company. He was one of the ahlest land attorneys in the country.

It at first was said that he had emhezzled aimut .^1.5().()()(). hut as the sordid revelations were made hy the in(|uirers, the total in defalcations and dehts reached more than $1..>()().000. A report to Receiver Rurlcigh of the Xorthcrn Tac-ific l^ailroad showed that he had used $1 1'7,0()() of that company's funds. Tlic Ar- mours of Ciiicago accused him of stealing $7-t(),000 from the Tacoma Railway & Motor Company. He had lailed to pay $3.>, ()()() (hu- his divorced wife as alimony. He had horrowed or hought on credit to tlie extent of $10().0(K). He r(>l)licd one coni- pany to invest in another.

I.,and Commissioner Phipps. of the railroad, was on .Sriinlze's track. Schul/.e learned of that and resigned April lOth. The next (la\- lie and scNcral ullici- iikm wt-n- in tlir liar i<\' llic Tacduia Hotel wlicn a prominent railroad ollicial passed the dom-. .Schulze started after him to kill. Restrained, he soon started I'or home to take his own life.

At the sale of his personal ell'eets his home was crowded with hidders and with the morhidly curious. Fancy prices were jiaid for hooks. i)ietnres and knicknacks. The property hrought ')() per cent more than the appiais((l jiiiee. Some wept as they

176 HISTORY OF TACOMA

bought. They had seen the finer side of Paul Schulze. He had had some friends whom he did not rob.

Among the bills presented by the hundreds from florists, milkmen, grocers, liquor dealers and others, were several from his servants, whom he had not paid for months, and one for .fl.OSi from a detective agency. He used many detectives. They shadowed his enemies, informed him on political matters and now and then he had one or two on duty around his house. His friends had ehided him for this weakness. He flew into a passion, walked the floor and tore his hair, an exhibition that he always gave when crossed by a person whom he considered an inferior. He knew no superiors and few equals. He was domi- neering, high tempered, ridiculously vain. Three days before his death he procured $4,000 from a Tacoma bank by drawing on a fictitious person in San Francisco. He had been engaged to ]Marie \Vainwright, a prominent actress of that period, and she, with her daughters, had spent a summer here, living in a house rented for her by Schulze. She rode about with liim in liis private car and Schulze spent much money in contributing to her entertainment. Friends attempted to break up the match. Schulze grew indignant, but said he did not intend to marry until he had paid his debts. He wrote to her on the evening before his death. She was in Tacoma about a year after his death and put a wreath on his grave. Schulze had procured a divorce from his wife, Kate, in 1893, on the grounds of incom- patibility and cruelty. This was in the spring following the summer that he had met JMiss AVainwright. He gave JNIrs. Schulze $1.5,000 worth of life insurance policies. She attended his funeral, in deep mourning and much bereaved. Schulze was 33 years of age. He left a will disposing of his property and commanding that his body be cremated and the ashes buried at tlie feet of his parents in Germany. It has not been done. His grave is in the Tacoma cemetery. Friends have covered it with a slab of stone.

The rolling mill at Lakeview — a hopeful asset for the com- munity— turned out the first bar of iron ever manufactured in this state, April 23, 1895. The bar Avas 8 feet in length, 4 inches in width and % of an inch thick. It was made from old bolts,

\V K.ST 1-; U.N IKON A.\l< .>ll I,,. i(/,v,i \.\-i S I'l.ANT A'l I.AKK \ I I'.U

111. It lOAi. r.ixKi;i;s wiiirii stood kor many vkaks .irsr hki.ow

TIIIO STAIHI'M

PI

iriS'l'OlO' Ol' TACOMA I'i'^

chains and otlier scrap iron. For more than a year Taeonia had lieard ol' this iron mill. The promoters had asked i'nr twentv-five acres of land uitiiin the city limits and a six-iiicii water main. The keen-minded Joshna Peirce was then chair- man of the C'hamher of Commerce nianuraetuiing committee, and l)ack in I'l iiiisyK aiiia some years before he had built a roil- in<>- mill almnst identical in stvle and liimensions as -.vas now presented before him. He saw a promotion scheme in the pro- ject, quickly scotched the 2.5-acre hopes of the i)romoters and persuaded them to go to Lake View, where land was given, and where it obtained all the water it needed from a well. In August, IH'.U. the machinery began to arrive from Burlington, la., where the mill had lieen operating. The |)lant\ prdinised rapacity was eighty tons daily. It had two furnaces, each ecjuipped with three twentv-foot ovins. T. .M. Joyce was the superintendent. The company .soon sued W. Ci. Peters and 1{. H. Lehman to collect a subsidy subscription of $2.), 000, $-2,.50() ol' w liicli had been paid. The defendants re])lied tiiat tlie mill was very little value, and that the jilant ctnild pi-dduec l)nt I'oi'ty tons daily. The concern never was a distinct success. It later was removed to Seattle.

The Taconia Bicycle Clul) was organized April 2!)th in Col- umbia Hall, Xinthand Taconia Avenue, witli Philli]) 'i'illinghasl as ])residcnt. George Dorr, vice president: i'erey Sinclaii'. seci-c- taiv. and K. K. Kllis, treasurer. The bicycle cra/e was getting into everybody's blood. The "safety" had Mijjerseded the high wheel, which made it possible for women to ride, and the club became a social institution. The clul) built a fine ])ath had- ing entiielv across the city, crossing a south-end gulch on a bridge, which gained celebrity on account of its height. Shortlx afterwai'd the cdunty coininissioiu rs a|)pr()|)riat(d S2. .")()(» to build a iticycle path to Puyallnj). The i)icyclc had become an important vehicle l)oth for business and for ])leasure.

The jKiving ol' Pacific Avenue from Seventh to Seventeenth Street, long discussed and the cause of nuich bickering, was reached, when in July of IS!).), a contract was awarded to Antone lierens. He was to lay a six-inch conciX'te base with a tliicc-inch surface of fii' blocks set on end. The price was SH.1-22. There

1'8 HISTORY OF TACOMA

was still wrangling to Ix; done and the work was delayed again and again, but finally was completed in the fall.

The first golf played in Tacoma was on the grounds near where DeKoven Hall stands and the players were H. J. Brem- mer, James Gillison, Jr., and Samuel 3Iedlicott. All three were employed by the Balfour-Guthrie Comiiany. This was in 1894, and shortly afterward a club of thirteen members Avas formed. It procured the use of a part of the George H. Greer farm, near Si)anaway, and ordered a supply of clubs from Scotland. It Avas the first golf organization on the west coast below the Cana- dian line. To reach the golf course the players took what they playfully called "Stuart Rice's Highline." This Avas the steam dummy line, Avhich Lucian F. Cook and others had built from Center Street to SpanaAA-ay in 1891. They failed to make it pay and Rice AAas made receiA-er. He sold it to a man named Bailey, Avho also failed and Rice again AAas made receiAcr, and proceeded to "junk" the line. The process was carried out until the Tacoma Raihvaj^ & PoAver Company bought the three-mile stretch betAA'een Parkland and Spanaway.

The Country Club Avas organized ]May 22, 1895, on Charles

B. Hurley's porch by W. V. Burrill, E. E. Ellis, C. B. Hurley, H. Hurley, A. Iv. Hiscock, L. B. LockAvood, Walter Oakes, H.

C. Potter, C. S. ^Slillikin, Edmund Seymour and G. C. Wagner. W. V. Burrill was its fu'st president. The membership Avas lim- ited to 100, and the club soon had a large AAaiting list. Its first club house Avas the Lucian Cook summer home on American Lake, Avhich it occupied until 190.5, AA-hen the present gi-ounds Avere taken and a commodious club house built. This structure biu'ned in 1909 and many precious mementoes and Aaluable photograi^hs went Avith it.

The club then built the handsome modern stinicture Avhich it noAA' occupies, at a cost of nearly $60,000. The land noAv occu- pied by the Country Club Avas oAvned by JMarcella Kennedy, mother of ]Mrs. ^V. D. PoA\er, Avho liAes at 2.512 South TAvelfth Street, on property that formerly was included in "Grant's Gar- dens," and the great pear and apple trees there AA'ere planted by Grant. Mrs. Kennedy, Avho died in 1883, ncA'er Avould tell her age. ]Mrs. PoAver A\-as born in Steilacoom.

TTTSTOm' OF TACOMA l^O

A tragedy of Xovenil)(.r 11. IH'.tt;. was the slaying ol" Dr. .1. S. W'inttriiiute, a physician of high standing who had been ill Tacoina since IHS.'J. ^Vinte^nlute was standing in front of Xuniber 1141 Itaihoad .Street, where Doctor Everett's assay office was, when Sanuiel Tncker sliot liini in the back. Tncker iniinediately killed himself. Doctor Wiiitennute died alxiut four iioins later. Tucker was a eonfinned iiypochondriae. For two years he had imagined himself to be suffering from various ills and had visited many ])hysieians. Doctor Wintermute, who had treated him. tt)ld him some time before he was in danger of in- sanity, and Tucker had told the ])hysician he would kill him unless Doctor \Viiiteniiute ctirfd liiiii. Dr. Wintenmite's wife was Miss Florence K. Jones of Olympia and she still lives in Seattle.

CHAPTER LXXI

1896-7 ORR-FAAVCETT FIGHT CARRIED TO SUPREME COURT GOV-

NOR TEATS OUSTED AS CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSIONER BALLOT

BOXES STOLEN EIERY MASS MEETINGS THE BOICE STORY

1897 ELECTION PROFESSOR m'cLURE KILLED ON MOUNT TA-

COMA NEWS OF ALASKA GOLD DISCOVERIES EXPOSITION BUILD- ING AND WOOLEN MILLS BURN PARK WORK PROCEEDS PACIFIC

MILL BURNS.

The community again was in the throes of a city campaign. The A. P. A. had for a year or so heen very active. In 1894! it was said to have had a meinhership of nearly three thousand. Its leaders proposed in 189G to sweep the platter. Judge Van Fos- sen was president of the A. P. A. and said the A. P. A. dele- gates would bolt if the ticket did not suit them. The organization was said to be opposing A. V. Fawcett, democratic candidate- for mayor. Ed S. Orr was his republican opponent. The election results, April 7, '96. showed a Fawcett victory by two votes. Each side raised charges of fraud, and there was intense excite- ment \\'hen the council convened April 1-tth to canvass the returns. Democrats and populists had combined against Orr, and republi- cans Avere very hopefid that the canvass would show an error by which Orr would win. Fawcett, however, kept his lead, the totals being Fawcett, 2,683; Orr, "2,681. Other candidates were: For treasurer — Stei-nberg, 2,977; Ovington, 2,211; for controller — Benham, 2,944; INIetcalf, 2.2.56; city i)hysician— Allan, 2,.567; Quevli, 2.656.

Orr carried the case to the Su])reme Coiut which decided against him and granted Fawcett's petition for a writ of ])ro- hibition.

The adoption of the twenty-one charter amendments abolished

180

IllSrom' OF TACO.MA '"^l

some of tlif iiiaiiy ottices and wlicii I'awcctt was inaugurated April 21st he made the most eoiiiplcte sweeijing out the cilx hall ever had known, and (ilKii the plaees with his friends. His appointments were: C'it\ attorney, W. II. II. Kean, [jopulist; eommissioner of pulilie works, Thomas Doherty, populist; ehief of poliee. Komeo G. Iloge, democrat; captain of jjolice, diaries E. King-, jjopulist; chief of the fire department. .lames ]{. Ilor- rocks, populist: assistant chief, Jesse C. Poyns; harhormaster, Ilemy (J. Iloflin, populist : city detectives. Philip Svillivan. demo- eiat, and .1. H. Thompson. po])nlist; poundmaster. (ieorge L. llaeket. po])ulist: siiperinteiideiil of streets and sewers. ^V. S. Snyder, democrat: health officer. l)i-. ('. (^ue\ li. dcincKrat: chief clerk (if the light and watt r department. W. C. C'lildister. demo- ci-at: license anil |)lumliing insptctnr. William Welsh, democrat. In this campaign l"'awcett had been dnhhed "'['urkey." a name of which he is fond and which still hangs to him.

The new charter amendments ])rovided for a civil service com- mission and Ai)ril -Jl. IH'.Xi. Mayor I'awcett api)ointed F. T. Olds, S. V. Salmi and (ioNMor Teats as (•(immissioners. ('. P. C'id\er was made secretary. He soon resigned and Isaac J. Tiuniinson was a])pointed. Olds, too, resigned, and Richard Bond succeeded him. In August .Judge W. II. Pritchard. in the Mullen vs. Doherty case, held that the charter amendments had not been legally adopted. The civil .service commissioners, however, con- tinued their woik and in Decendxr demanded that l*'.d Orr, wlio temjJorariK- was inayoi' as a result of an election eonttst. relin- (|uish the commission's hooks and papei-s. This matter was held in ahevance pending the Su))i-eme Court's ruling in the Mullen- Doherty case, which resulted in a reversal of .Judge Pritchai'd and the commission resumed its duties. Soon the conned ousted the cf)mmissioners on charges of neglect and ineompeteiieN'. hut they were restored hy the courts. Frank II. (iiaham was ap|)ointed to succeed Bond, whose term had ex|)iied.

.Tnlv 1."). 1807. Faweett. who had succeeded in ousting Ori-. filed eharges against (iovnor Teats and Sec. I. .J. Tomlin- •son. alleging "gross incompetenew neglect (if dnix. nnd ]ir(istiln- tion (if n |inlillc trust for his pi'ivate gains." .Seplemher 1st. hy the council's nn,niini(ins \(itc. the charges were .sustained and

182 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Teats was dismissed. The mayor then arbitrarily removed Sahm and Tomlinson, seized their boolvs and appointed Otis Sprague and ]M. P. Bulger to fill the vacancies.

The civil service amendment was, for its day, radical. It removed all aj)pointive i)o\ver and emx)loyes were chosen purely ujion their gi-adings in the civil service examinations. One of the fii-st results was the selection as master mechanic of a man who was a personal and political enemy of jMayor Fawcett. A little later the mayor set aside the law to appoint as assistant city librarian the woman who now is his wife. The library then was in the city hall and Jonathan Smith was librarian. The aj^pointment aroused Teats, who declared that the mayor was overriding the law. When the court held the civil service law invalid Teats began suit for a reversal of the court's position, and from persons who were holding civil service jjositions he accepted sums of money for serving as their attorney, and this became one of the charges against him. When the SuiJreme Court ujiheld the civil sei vice \a^v Teats insisted upon its enforcement, whicli brought against him a renewal of mayoral opposition, and his removal followed. By the time the case was ended the mayor's domestic troubles had reached the courts, and it cannot be denied that Teats found some satisfaction in that denouement.

Thus i^erished the first civil service law on the West coast. It began in a halo of rejoicing, as the public was weary of the spoils system, but it seems to have operated in behalf of incom- petents and enemies of the administration. Teats performed what he believed to be his duty in enforcing it as long as it was on the books. But the politicians, with many political rewards to be paid, assisted those who honestly opposed the workings of the law for sound reasons, and soon made it most unpoi^ular. Between the radical opinion of those who believe in written exam- inations and politicians who revel in spoils there has been quar- reling ever since, and many a smootli trick has been played by corruptionists to discredit civil service reforms. Perhaps the genius yet will be born who can find a middle grovmd where cor- ruptionists cannot befoul the public service nor impractical per- sons cripple it A\ith a desirable, but an impossible idealism.

Fawcett's majority of two votes caused the opposing forces

HISTOKV OF TACOMA 183

to (loulit liis election and to lulieve that a rrcouiit iiii^lit ixsiilt in seating- On. Hcpoits of some irregularities in certain precincts increased this donbt and Orr started action to oust Fawcett. A council coniniittee. consisting ol" Norton, liulger, Klceb, Ilicc and t'oatcs Iiegan the recount. ..Vt'ter the council's canvass ol' the re- tmiis tile ballots had been locked in one of the vaults in the city hall, \\iicn the committee opened this vault it found that a large hole iiail been opened in one side ol' it and a ])art ol' the ballots stolen. TIk- tires of the campaign, which by this time had beg-un to die down, suddenly leaped into life. Fawcett and his oflicers had Ik-cii ill charge of the vault and were responsible for the safe Uee])iiig of its contents. The mayor's opponents thereupon demanded that he resign.

The Chamber of C'oiniiierce. at a called meeting July "iith, adopted resolutions offend by Atty. Charles S. Fogg which, after reviewing the lawlessness that had marked county and city affairs for four years, said that '"the unsavory stench arising today from tlie county courthouse and the city hall, resulting from oUicial I'ottemiess and niiscondnct in ollice. is nauseating in the extreme.

■"Xotw ithstanding the City of Tacoiiia lias iieiii robhrd of Iiundreds of thousands of dollars, no man is today or has !)een phiccd in tile jjenitcntiary on account thereof: these men are walking tile streets of tlic City of Tacoma and are apparent e\ami)les of the delay, if not iniscariiagc, of justice."

George II. IJoardman. I,. \). Cainphrll and H. ii. Hudson were cho.sen as the nucleus of a "Committee of One Hundred," wliicli was later organized but it did nothing.

(iermania Hall was the scene of a mass meeting tiic iiexl eve- ning. l''iery speeches were made, denouncing the Cliambfr of Commerce, partisan ])olitics was injected and the meeting accom- ])iisiie(l noliiing. It was eliarged tliat Fawcett iiad rented the hall and packed the meeting with his friends.

Tlie conncil rnxestigating committee held many meetings btiiind closed doors and to this day iias failed to make any report. Many city employees were summoned and testified. It developed that Orr and Wickersham were the only retiring city otlicials who had ^nn■(■nl](^^•d thcii- ollicc keys to their successors.

August (Jth .ludge I'riteiiard rendered a leiigtliy decision giv-

184 HISTORY OF TACOMA

ing Orr 2,624 votes, and Fawcett 2,609. Fawcett at once sur- rendered the office to Orr and appealed to the Supreme Court which reversed the Pritchard decision and declared Fawcett mayor. Another quick change was made at the city hall, Orr retiring as gracefully as had Fawcett some time before. Judge Pritchard, who had declared the charter amendments invalid, was reversed by the Supreme Court which declared the amendments adopted and reseated Thomas E. Doherty as commissioner of public works. This reversal also reestablished the civil service board.

William Welch, one of Mayor Fawcett's appointees, and who was connected with city affairs for several years, died some months ago. He had a very wide acquaintance and a nose for news. He knew who stole the ballot boxes, and he confided the information to at least one of his friends, but imder the promise that it should not be made public for a time.

Frank Boice was employed by the city and his mother told many persons that Fawcett had threatened to discharge him if he did not break open the vault and remove the ballot boxes. .She declared that Fawcett sent $300 to her, with which her son was to go to Canada. He started but he was burned to death in a cabin in Whatcom County while trying to save a woman's life. To the charges Fawcett entered a strong general denial, and there the case stands.

At the city election April 6, 1897, for councilmen the results were: First Ward, Ralph B. Smith, republican; Second Ward, Percy D. Xorton, republican: Third Ward, J. R. Turner, fusion; Fourth Ward, John I.eo. fusion; Fifth Ward, C. F. Owen, fusion: Sixth Ward, AV. G. Freeman, fusion; Seventh Ward, C. S. Gilford, fusion; Eighth Ward, G. F. Whitty, republican. A light vote, 3,.58i5, was cast.

On the night of June 27, 1897, a large party of ]\Iazan)as reached the top of the mountain in their first ascent and from its snowy dome flashed the message "All's Well." Thousands of Tacoma people saw the red fire message flashed from the peak.

The party returned to Tacoma on the night of June 29th bringing with them the body of Prof. Samuel Edward INIcClure who had lost his life by falling over a 300-foot cliff. On their

II1ST()R^■ or TACOMA 18^'

return Irniii tlir siiinniit the cliiiilifrs were overtaken l)y darkness and they went inld eani]). Professor JNleChire's kindly nature led to Ills death, lie was assisting some of the women to beeonie smij'' wlien lie stumhled over the ehfi" at about !»:.'$() p. iii. His body was I'ound at .•}:."}() the next morning. The ])laee from wliieh he fell is known as MeClure roek. Atty. Frank Ihitt'er. wlio was Professor AlcClure's personal IVieiid. reeenlly said of liiin that "he iiad the most pleasing per.sonality, was devoted to iiis work. and un(|uestionably would have attained fame in his ehoseii Held, ehemistrv, had he lived." Five fif McC'lure's brotiiers are well known in Seattle i)rofessional life. A. II. Denman has said that ]McClure's work (in the mountain was very accnrate. MeC'lure's opininn was that .Mount W'hitnty was just a little higher than Mount 'raeonia, and recent measurements verified this. The eon- troversy over the related heights of these mountains filled niueli sjjaec in a magazine called the Sierra for some time.

Reports of the discovery of Ivlondyke gold reached Taeoma in the summer of 1897 and peojjle began to plan Alaskan tri])s. August -Jl'd 1". 1'. Kiley arrived liy way of Poitland. with .$8.), 000 in gold and his story tirid the eoiniiiunity. Kiley. who two years before had been dismissed from his jjosition as section boss at .\lderton. had formed a ])artner.ship with F. Flannigan and P. ORrien at Circle City, the three going into the Klondykc district where from two claims they cleaned up $8.),0()0 each. At onei' Tacomans set about making the journey oi- plaiuiing to take advantage (d' the liusiness wliieh liny felt sure would follow. But Taeoma. iiy reason of a lack of .ships, never was able to get nnich of a foothold on the outfitting business. One reason for this was the I'act that the I'nited States mint was in Seattle. W'lu II it was located there a few years before the gold nisli bigan no one ill Taeoma took paitieular notice and Seattle never dreamed what that accident would mean to her welfare in fiilure years.

A little girl. li\ ing near the old l"L\position Huilding on Taeo- ma Avenue, saw on the afternoon of September "iOth smoke issuing from the northwest corner of the building. It soon was consiiiiH il. The Taeoma Avenue bridge and the hortieiiltiiral hall w ( r( (laiiiagcd. The total loss was $20,000 w itli no iiisuiaiice.

186 HISTORY OF TACOMA

The blaze started in the shop of a carpenter in the basement. He was the only tenant of the great structure, whose auditorium had last been used by the Talmage meetings a few weeks before. October 1st the Tacoma A\'oolen ]Mills, then mider lease to Fred and Charles Carter and William Walkei', were destroyed by fire originating in the picking room. It spread over the 60 by 120 foot, 3-story structure so rapidly that some of the 50 girls and 25 men employed barely escaped. The mills were at South Twenty-fifth and A streets and were totally destroyed, the loss being placed at $55,000, with $24<,000 insurance. The building was equipped with fire prevention a^jparatus, which proved inef- ficient. Large orders had just been placed for new goods, the factory having a capacity of 125 pairs of blankets and 1,000 yards of cloth from its 21 looms and 1,000 spindles.

These two fires and a tliird that followed soon — that of the Tourist Hotel, which is described in the Stadium Chapter — led many to believe that another incendiary attack on the community was being made. The origin of tlie Tourist Hotel fire remains in doubt, but the fact that small boys often had played about the place may explain.

A few months before the Pacific mill at Swansea, as the neighborhood beyond the smelter was called, had burned. It was being operated by Ralph INIetcalf and L. W. Wade. ]March 23d the dinner whistle became a fire alarm. In forty minutes the plant, wliich in 1880 had cost land and all. $220,000. was in ruins.

LiiArTi:u i.xxii

1898-9 — CUSll.MAN NU.MINATKl) lOK COXGUESS— HIS VICTORV A SURPRISE — ABLE WOUK IX CONGRESS — ^ELECTION Ol" .VDDISON C.

FOSTER TO U. S. SENATE IN THREE-CORXERED CONTEST BOLT

IN THE CAUCUS — WHITAVORTH COLLEGE REMOVED TO TACOMA

— THE DRAMATIC CLUB DR. HICKMAN 's DEATH DEWEY'

UOGERS' DEATH TACOMA OUTDOOR ART ASSOCIATION TACOMA

ROSE SOCIETY — VIRGINIA DAKK I IIAI'TKU 1). A. R. FORMED.

Francis W. Ciishnian's nomination for Congress in 1898 was in reality a confession of republican weakness. Two years be- fore the fusion of jjopulists and democrats had defeated repub- licanism. That fusions still existed as a dangerous factor in the '98 cain])aign. the republican leaders believed, and the Congres- sidual iiniiiiiiatidii was gi\cii to (usliiiian largely because no one wanted it, fearing defeat. \'(iy IVw rcpuliJicans, and certainly none of the fusionlsts, were ready to pix-dict, even with reserva- tions, that Cushman could win. He had been in the campaigns of '90 and "94 as one of the stumpers in the back districts. He was not regarded then as an able campaigner. It was not until he had been noiuiiialed in 1898 against the dashing James Ham- ilton Lewis that his powers as a campaigiier attracted notice. How he studied! How he contrived aphorisms, jjroverbs and tingling sentences! He went to the stumj) ])repared as few candidates ])repare. His deieat of Lewis was due largely to his genius as a sentence-maker and lo bis Li?icolnesque hmiior. Many believed his oratoiy to be extempore, but tiny weie far from the truth. C'usliinan |)r(])ai-i(i bis speeches to the last syl- lable. Xo actor i\ir iiiiiiiori/ed and studied so carefully. He cai-ried this habit to the House with him. His tirst s|)eech there attracted attention. He never rose that his fellow congressmen

l.sT

188 HISTORY OF TACOMA

did not listen, and he never rose unprepared. His attack on the House rules and indirectly upon Speaker Cannon was one of the opening guns upon the "Czar." The democrats took up the attack, and out of it came the formation of the progressive party.

His description of Puget Sound stomachs that rose and fell with the tide, in the clam-eating period of the middle '!H)s. and his quaint remark that when the tide was out the tal)le was set, became classics in congressional literature. On matters pertain- ing to the Northwest he worked unceasingly and with excellent results, and it is not strange that he enshrined himself so deeply in the affections of his constituents.

The election of Addison G. Foster to the United States Senate by the State Legislature, Febniary 1, 1899. closed a long and bitter contest, in Avhich twenty-four ballots were taken. Foster received eighty-one of the eighty-three republican votes of both houses. His opponents were U. S. Senator John L. Wilson and Levi Ankeny. In order to defeat Ankeny. Wilson sacrificed himself, threw his votes to Foster, and an agreement was signed by enough legislators to guarantee Fostei-'s election. One of the candidates was reported to have said that he had $200,000 to spend on his campaign.

Senator Wilshire, of King County, objected to the combina- tion. He said it was being held over King County as a threat to force its delegation to vote for John li. Wilson — and King County at that time had little love for Wilson. Wilshire bolted the caucus, and was followed liy twenty-three other legislators, representing eleven counties. Among the bolters was Speaker Guie, chairman of the caucus. It was a bad break for the com- bine. Wickersham nominated Allen of Spokane and thus pre- vented disruption of the meeting. The bolters later came back into line and voted for Foster. He was greeted by thousands of his townsmen when he returned to Tacoma. The Pierce dele- gation, consisting of Senators Hamilton and LeCrone and Rep- resentatives Stewart, JNIiller, Bedford, Wickersham, Shellar, Corey, Dickson, Heilig and Barlow, had organized November 7th with Hamilton as chairman and Heilig as secretary. Percy D. Norton became campaign manager and the fight had con- tinued, without a break in the ranks, to its final success.

IIISTOHV OF TACOMA 189

Wliitwortli .Vc"i(kin\ liail lieen incorporated in ISS.'J and was (•()niliK'lt,(l in SniiiiuT \\\> In is;t;». w lun it was removed to Ta- coiiia. and icoiKiied .January 2, l!t()(), as W'hitworth College. II. O. ^Vrinour of New York gave .'i^.)0.()()() to the college, making removal and reorganization possible. I'rol'. F. li. Ciault was its tirst president, and (ieorge 11. Stone, George F. Orchard, 1). S. Joiinston, Reverend .Mr. Kirkpatriek, Henry Longstretli and Rev. A. L. Hutchinson were on the first board. It took over the ..Allen C". Mason mansion and the library with (!,000 volumes, and did excellent work. The faculty members in its opening year were: Franklin H. (iault, president; Rev. llervey R. Knight. .Mark Bailey, .Ii.. Rev. .Vmos T. Fox, Miss Lucia ]\I. Lay, W. W. I'. Unit. .Miss Clara White Cooley, Miss Carolyn L Evans, (i. Magnus Schutz, Miss Margaret Baker, ]Mrs. Amy P. .Sewall Stacy. Olnf Hull. Maiy .\nna Hickman and Hjahiiar (). .Anderson.

Professor Ciault, who had been president of the Fniversity of Idaho — ])erforming in Idaho the profitable achievement of pre- Miiting a (li\ isinn n\' the state colleges- had taken post-graduate wdik in absentia and liad won a Ph. 1). degree tidni the Uni- versity of \Vooster, and in 1002 the President had a])pointed him a member of the Hoard of Visitors of the U. S. Xaval .iVcademy. He (piickly gave Whitworth a place in the college world, but he resigned in lOOO to take charge of the University of South Dakota, where his work again attracted /ittentinn. in educatliinal circles he has Ixcn lionni-t-d in many ways, has written a number of valuable brochures, and now is writing and think- ing on his ])ieturcs(|uc berrv farm near Sumner.

Whitworth gradually accumulated debts which it seemcil nii- abk t(i lift and in Augu.st, 1018, was removed to Spokane, in response to a bonus of S]()().()()o and KiO acres of land. It still owns the .Mason pro])rily in Tacoma. .\ii interesting con- comitant of the institutions de])arture was the attempt on the part of the city to recover Mason library, which was accom- ])lishc(l, but man\- of the (!.()()() volumes which Mason so gener- ously had gixtii. had disappcaicd.

One of the commnnitys prides in 1800-01 was the Dramatic Club. It presented "The Snowball," "The First Time," "Mrs.

190 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Willis' Will" and other plays. Among the i)layers were Her- bert S. Griggs, JNIrs. Charles B. Hurley, Miss JSIargaret Thomas, Mrs. F. W. Snow, ]Mrs. Paul J. Fransioli, Walter J. Harvey, and the papers of the period praised C. ]M. Riddell as especially happy in the role of a recreant lover. The club was organized by JNIrs. T. B. Wallace and Herbert S. Griggs was its first president, with JNIrs. T. B. Wallace, vice president; Dr. Grant S. Hicks, treasurer; Mrs. W. E. Hacker, secretary, and Dr. A. E. Burns, stage manager. Others who played were C. B. Hurley, L. R. ]Manning, who "was the very type of a comfortable conductor;"' J. T. Steeb, who "made a most ele- gant porter;" I^Irs. C. ^I. Riddell, Mr. and Mrs. W. V. Burrill, Mrs. J. ]McT. Panton. The club's plays were put on ambi- tiously, with Flaskett's orchestra, footlights and all.

On the four corners of South D and Eleventh streets stood respectively a church, a saloon, a theater and a house containing a very large family. It must have been Frank B. Cole who named the corners, "Salvation," "Damnation," "Recreation" and "Creation."

Dr. James W. Hickman Avas one of the ablest surgeons Ta- coma ever had and one of its most popular men. In the summer of 1900 he went to Dahl Island, xVlaska, on a hunting trip. One day he took a short walk from camp and mysteriously disap- peared. It was supposed he had fallen into one of the "pot- holes" that abound there. These holes are covered with moss and are most treacherous. He left a wife and two daughters in Tacoma. Close search was made, but no trace of him was found. Stories were started that he had been seen here and there in the states. C. ]M. Riddell, the family's attorney, made two trips to New York City, in following supposed clews. There was no reason, so far as known, wliy he should voluntarily have disap- peared. jNIajor Riddell, who conducted a minute investigation, is certain the man lost his life in one of the potholes.

Dewey Rogers, son of INIrs. Helen D. Rogers, was killed in the storming of Tien-Tsin, July 14, 1900. He was a member of Company G, Ninth U. S. Infantry, in which his fatlier had been a captain. Dewey was but nineteen when he fell in the terrific charge made bv the allied troops upon the Boxer forti-

MONUMENT ERECTED IX STKILACOOM IN ];ins lo M.\HK TlIK SITK OF THE

FIRST PROTESTANT ClU'in II I'.ril.T NolMII Ol' THE CULUMIJIA RIVER

The (Inircli «;is built l.v |;,\. .Inini I". l).\uir, D. D., in ISoli

L «

HISTORY OF TACOMA lai

Hcations. He was a ntphcu of Gcii. J>. J*, liiadky and Samuel P. CoUyer. His body did not reach Tacoma until January, lUOl. l"uiicral services were conducted l)y Rev. .VII red W. ^lartin.

A cultural society which perl'oruied its functions well wliile it lasted was tlie Tacoma Outdoor Art and Park Association, wliich was formed in lltOl. It was organized by ]Mrs. II. H. Gove, Mrs. W'ilhird Smith. .Mi-. ;uid Mrs. E. A. Henderson, C. S. Rarlow, Jolin Q. Mason, Mrs. Phillips, E. R. Itoherts and Col. t'. P. Ferry. Its fee was ten cents a year and it had a membership of 2,000. lender its encouragement a great deal of planting was done and two rose carnivals were held. Tliese were ambitious — more ambitious than the city since has imdertaken and they attracted wide attention. Portland seized upon the idea and thereby established herself as "The Rose City." After less lliaii two years the Tacoma society dissolved, it had no suc- cessor until JNIarch 4, IDl 1, when Carl Morisse and Chandler Sloan organized the Tacoma Rose .Society. Its first officers were Carl ^lorisse, president, and Chandler Sloan, secretary. In June. 1911, the .society held its first rose show, in the armory, and it was very successful. Shows were held in the same place the next two years. The 191.5 show was held in the Glide Rink, and the 1910 show in the gynmasium of the Lincoln Park High School. iVll of them won wide attention in Eastern Horal and other publications, and one or two of them found mention in I^ondon and Ik'rlin magazines. Herbert Hunt succeeded Morisse. who scrxcd two tei-ms. as ])resident. Hunt was s\ic- ceeded liv .lolin .Sdilarli and lie. in Inin. by Franklin T. Hickox. Among others wlio sacrificed mucii time, iiicigy and money in comlncting these shows iiave been l)i\ Iliiam DcPuy, E. E. Hare. A. C. C. Ciamer, Frank Latcham, E. R. Roberts, S. S. Anderson, George G. Goodman. Win. W. Hoyt, Mrs. Henry S. Skramstad, Miss Esther AUstrum, David Allstrum. Mrs. G. Marcus Gonyeau, \Villiam Peterson, now secretary, I)i-. .1. W. Rawlings, Jas. A. Hays, and Frank Vj. Jeff'ries. The partici- pation by the Metr()|)()iitan Park Roard in the amiual rose show has iielped to make it one of the greatest flower shows on the

192 HISTORY OF TACOMA

continent. Superintendent Hill of the parks and Florist ]\lilton have done exceptional work in their decorative effects.

In 1902 a schism in JNIary Ball Chapter, D. A. R., led to the formation of Virginia Dare Chapter, which has a limited mem- bership of twenty-five. ]Mary Ball is the oldest chapter in the state and was organized in 1894<, at the home of JNlrs. C. W. Griggs, who became the first regent. Dissatisfaction on the part of a few of the younger women — Mrs. Cohier, Mrs. Harvey, JMrs. Ellis, Mrs. Gove and others — with what they thought to be a lack of activity in the chapter, caused their withdrawal at a meeting in the home of JNIrs. John Q. JNIason. ]Mrs. Griggs sympathized with them and assisted in organizing the new chap- ter, of which jNIrs. John A. Parker became regent. Virginia Dare tciok up literary activities and still follows the outlines of the work laid down by the "secessionists." The present regent is Mrs. F. S. Harmon. ]Mary Ball later on took up in an ener- getic way the marking of historic spots and has done commend- able work. Its membership is 129 and JNIiss Lydia Graham is the present regent.

Park M'ork proceeded. The energies of George Browne, Stuart 3{ice and Chester Thorne were constantly directed toward the beautitication of the city's property. The A Street Park was fixed up. The ash trees which border it were grown by Superin- tendent Roberts from seeds taken from trees that had been planted in Toronto years before by the Prince of Wales, after- ward Edward VII. It was on this American trij) that the prince rediscovered the Liberty Bell, which had ])een laid away, covered with debris and almost forgotten. JMany trees were planted in the parks by individuals and societies. Captain Teal brouglit the first elks to Taconla, the Elks Lodge subscribing a large part of the money therefor. Doctor McCutcheon brought two swans from Victoria and i)laced them in Wright Park, where they are still known as "Victor" and "Victoria." For many years, J. R. Anderson, long identified with public office, made a habit of passing through the park every morning with a pocket- ful of bread crmnbs for these birds, and they learned to know him at a long distance. Among other valuables which Superin- tendent Roberts acquired for the park was an old cannon, which

IIISTOUV OF TAC OAIA l^:f

now stands near the I'niiit DcfiaiicT nixcnlKmsc. It was found in tin- liottnni of an Kn^lisli shij) (■(ininiandcd liy Captain WW- soM. It had been in the hold for al)()iit sixteen years. 'I'hf men at the park nndei'tonk to clean the \vea])on and it was diseliainid. hut without injuring- anyone. Roberts uanmd tiie gun "I'aul ones.

CHAPTER LXXIII

1898-9 — AXTi-sPAXisH :meetixg held — dr. e. :\i. broavn ap- poixxEi) eeceuitixg officer for company c, e. a. stuegis

CAPTAIN WAR DECLAEED GENERAL ASHTON OFFEES TO EAISE

regiment GOVERNOR EOGEES APPOINTS WHOLLEY AND FIFE

FATHER HYLEBOS xU)VISES CATHOLICS TO FOLLOW THE FLAG

TEOOPS LEAVE TACOMA PEBSONNEL OF COMPANY C CAPTAINS

ROSS^ DE HUFF AND DEGE ORGANIZE COMPANIES FOR SECOND

WASHINGTON LIEUTENANT COLONEL FIFE COURT MAETIALED

BOYS FIGHT AGUINALDo's INSUEGENTS PEIVATES GEOSSMAN

AND LOVEJOY KILLED TROOPS RETURN TO TACOilA NOVEJIBEE

5TH AVAS CALLED "tHE FIGHTING FIRST."

The Spanisli-Ainerican war was approaching. February 1.5, 1897, an open-air meeting was lield at Twelfth Street and Pacific Avenue. A. V. Kleiiiencic addressed the crowd. He read a letter to Spanish Premier Canovas Y Castillo which began: "Villain! Assassin! You are chiefly responsible for all the inhuman horrors jjerpetrated in Cuba, the Philippines and in Spain." To emjihasize his indignation he dragged the Spanish flag in the mud. The newsi^apers Mere full of Cuban aff"airs, and the distraught among them were crying "on to Havana!" February 1.5. 1898, the Maine was blown up in Havana Harbor, and war became a certainty. Comi^any C was recruiting. Dr. E. ]M. Brown, who died a few weeks ago greatly beloved by the community, was apjjointed recruiting officer. Drills were fre- quent and hard. E. A. Sturgis was cajjtain. April 22d war was declared and a cannon which one of the newspapers had at the ball gi'ounds, boomed the signal. The gun had been loaded and ready for several days, with men on duty night and day. Gen. James i\I. Ashton offered to raise a regiment of cavalry. At a

194

HISTOUN Ol' I'ACO.MA 195

meeting in the Dougaii lilock on the evcniny ol" the 2.'i(l sixty- one men signed a petition asking the governor to enroll a vol- unteer C()mi)any witii G. L. Smith captain, J. M. Kent first lieu- tenant and Cieorge Deniorest second. On the 29th Governor Kogers appointed John II. Wholley. formerly of the Twenty- fourth Infantry, as colonel and W. II. I'ilr lieutenant colonel of tin Washington regiment.

May 1st i\ot less than 8. ()()() persons attended a patriotic meet- in <r in Wri-iht Park. Mavor \ickeus, Ckorge II. Stone. Judge Kean. A. J. Holmes. Col. Thad Huston, Judge Allyri and Fran- cis \V. Cusliman were the speakers. Rev. Mr. Marlalt liad opened tiie meeting witli prayei' and Reverend Father Hylebos pronounced the benediction.

Some ol' the young Catholics had found themselves in debate whether tiiey should offer their services to the army in view of the powerful Catiiolic leanings of Spain, and finally some of them called on Father Hylebos for advice. That fine old citizen replied something like this: "if a Catholic is wrong it is the duty of the righteous to correct him. Spain is wrong, and, Catliolie oi- not, the United States has to correct her. The fact that a man or a nation is Catholic is not prima facie evidence of perfect righteous- ness in all tilings. We shall have to set Catholic Spain right. If an emergency existed, I myself would organize a regiment and lead it against Sj^ain. ^'oll boys follow the flag!"

May nth the first battalion under Lieutenant-Colonel Fife, composed of Spokane, Seattle and Xortli Vakima C()mi)anies, de])arted. Mrs. Haines, widow of Colonel Haines, jjresented her husband's sword to Company C. wliieli gave it to Fife. It was a great day in Taconia, in her fluttering bunting and waving flags. The troo])s iiiarehed to the "Flyer Dock," then called the Crescent Creamery Wharf, and after they had gone aboard the Steam.ship Senator there was a great cry lor I'lfc. He spoke from the bridge. thaid<ing the ])eoi)le for their demonstration of friendship and said he and iiis men hoi)e(l to return safely, "but should I never return," he continued, "I leave you. citizens of m\- citN'. a ^a(•^l•(l ligacy — one dear to my heart. I leave in xour care, friends, tiiree motherless childien and only ask that you lie to them fathers and mothers both!"

1''6 HISTORY OF TACOMA

There was scarcely a drj' eye in the great throng. Some one startetl "^Vllen Jolinny Comes JNIarching Home" and the crowd took it lip. As the steamer moved away shouting began and con- tinued imtil she was far out into the stream. Every whistle in the city screamed and thousands of eyes were gazing at the Senator as she rounded Brown's Point on her way to San Fran- cisco. The second battalion left ^Nlay 14th. under Maj. John Carr, and another outburst of patriotic fervor was witnessed.

ComiJany C's personnel: Captain, E. A. Sturgis; first lieu- tenant, S. C. Bothwell: second lieutenant, J. B. McCoy; ser- geants, L. S. Steyer, ^Martin Johnson, Charles Lunan, C. J. Jacobs, Charles Baker, H. A. Trott; corporals, W. S. Cxray, W. B. Spawn, Hemy Carter, R. E. Rankin, J. H. Meers, R. E. Golden; privates. J. V. Allen, J. Barnett, G. F. Barts, L. M. Boyle, L. M. Bowman. F. A. Blanchard. :\r. H. Blythe, H. A. Brown, L. E. Brittson, George Bordeaux, A. ^V. Lytic, F. B. LafFerty, J. ]M. La Crouse, F. A. Lovejoy, A. G. JNIorrison, H. Muller, H. E. :Mitchell. F. ^klcLear, F. L. ^McLaughlin, R. H. Nicholson. H. Corwin, R. B. Clark, F. B. Cody, Ed Cramer, W. J. Corl)in, E. L. Dwyer, L. T. Davis. R. FI. Dudley, I. De Anglo, J. H. Easterday. R. J. Evelith. E. J. Fay, Henry Felton, F. L. Graves, D. Grossman, F. T. Gaston. H. Gwyther, M. Hilson. Chris Johnson. C. P. Johnson, F. H. Johnson, J. A. Jones, L. E. Kelley, E. P. Lemargie, John O'Gara, G. Procneau, O. H. Pearson, G. G. Pitwood. H. O. Roljinson, Charles Rogers, L. A. Richardson, A. B. Reichalt, H. F. Steger, E. D. Smith, J. A. Smith, James Spencer, J. ]M. Simmonds, E. P. Taylor, F. A. Udell, L. C. P. Vogel, W. H. A^anderbilt, F. :M. Warner, S. R. Wilkeson. C. R. Wyland, A. F. Wray, F. Westgard, J. L. Young, A. Zender.

The Third Battalion of the First Washington Volunteers left Camp Rogers ]\Iay 2.5th for Vancouver. The battalion consisted of 300 men. Company C of Tacoma was among them. Sturgis was the youngest captain in the regiment, being but twenty- seven. He had been a member of Comjiany C for some years. He was with it in the Black Diamond mine trouble of 1891. His captaincy came upou the retirement of Capt. I. ^I. Howell in 1897.

IIISTOin' OF TAC OMA 197

Recruiting- of otlier organi/atioiis began and on June 21st Governor Kogers coniniissioned J. II. Ross captain of tlie Taconia company of volunteers. Ross, with G. L. Sniitli and J. C R. Coots, who hiter became first and second heutenants, had been drilhng the men and wlien tlie coniniission came they were ready for service. Tlie C()m])aiiy wa^ sworn in at inidnight July "Jd by Captain Taylor of the United States army and became a part of the Second Washington ^"olunteers. It consisted of lOU men, its other officers being: I'irst sergeant, E. C. Taylor: (juartcrmas- ter sergeant, F. W. Spear; sergeants, F. C. King, G. W. Ed- wards, James McC'liu'e, George Major: corporals, Clifford \'iant, H. H. Harlan. . I aims F,. Deek. \V . S. Page, F^dwin Bennett, M. E. Carrier, F. G. Lawrence, G. VV^. Caughran. I'lnnk Iredell, J. T. Xelson, .1. R. Miller and Rruce Cotton. The men were (piar- tered in the old Exposition liuilding and on .July 'ilst left f'oi' ^'an- couvcr. Major Fo.\ was in command.

Company .\ ul' tlie New National Guard was musteird in on orders of Governor Rogers July 22d. It was formed to take the place of the men then in the volunteer service and had as officers ca])tain, A. L. DeHuff: first lieutenant. G. 11. Driseoll; second lieutenant, Charles F. Walker.

August 9th Company E was mustered in with .lames II. Dfge, captain: A. .1. W'eishach, first lieutenant and l\. R. Scott, sec- mid linitcnant. This cninpany had linpid to bt'eome Company 1) l)ut that honor had gone to a Seattle organization.

The public watched with great interest for news of the boys at the front and it was surprised and shocked when in February, 1899, mail advices told of the coui't martial of Lieutenant Colonel F^ife for "neglect of duty and eiiiidiiet prejudicial tn gnnd order and inilitai y discipline." The court fined him one iiiDiitli s p;iy — $2.50, and sentenced him to suspension I'idiii rank for one iiiontli. This was in addition to the five weeks" confinement awaiting trial. On Thanksgiving evening Captain Lane of the transport ^'al- encia had given some of the soldiers a ban(|uet on his ship. He had pcniiission to serve liquors, which ])ici\c(l too much for his guests, the regimental band soon going under the table. I'ife and Lane spent the leinaiiider of the night in the hitter's state- room telling stories and ,iokes w liicli. it was chargtil. were detri-

198 IIISTOKV OF TACOMA

mental to the enlisted men present. ' They made so much noise tliat Captain ]Moore, senior officer next to Fife, and also officer of the day, preferred the cliarges.

The ^Vasllington boys had their first conflict with Aguinaldo's insurgents Februarj' 5th and all through ]March were in the fight- ing, conducting themselves with bra\ery. JNIarch 9th Private Frank A. Lovejoy was killed by a stray bullet at ]\Ianila. Private Darrian Grossman was killed February 11th, both being })uried at Artillery Knoll, Luzon.

The company returned to Tacoma November .5, 1899, and great preparations were made for its reception. A special train brought the soldiers from Portland, reaching Tacoma in the afternoon. The rooms of the old Athletic Club at Seventh Street and Pacific Avenue were filled with tables, covers being laid for 365. Supt. E. R. Roberts, of the parks, brought in many plants and flowers and the place was beautifully decorated. Gen. James ]M. Ashton was the grand marshal of the parade. Veterans of the Mexican and Civil wars marched. National guardsmen under Captain DeHuff, Captain Dege and Captain Smith; Troop B mounted, under Capt. Everett G. Griggs; Knights of Pythias, under Captain Arntson: ])o.stoffice employees, commanded by Postmaster John Cromwell, and many other organizations, were in line. The women of the Red Cross Society, the state treasurer of which, JNIiss Sadie Maynard, lived in Tacoma, were very active in preparing for the reception.

INIany of the companies of the First Washington contained Tacoma boys. This city furnished 286 men, a larger number than any other city in the state. So well did the men of the regiment perform their duties that they won for themselves the title "The Fighting First" and Gen. Charles King said they jjlaced another star on his shoulder.

After Colonel Fife had returned to Tacoma he convinced his friends that his court martial had been due to the jealousies of regxilar army soldiers. He had made an excellent record on the fighting line.

CllArTER I.XXIV

1898-11)02 — CITV CA.MrAU.N Ol' '.tS — XICKKUS DKl-KATS FUSION- TICKETS CAMPBELL DEFEATS FAWCKTT IN I'.XX) AM) tDI.K IN

1902 — ACHIEVEMENTS IN CAMPBELL's ADMINISTRATION — THE

POWER CONTRACT AND THE "lUUDOK IKJIIT" VICE QUESTION

ESTABLISHMENT OF RESI'RU TED DISTRICT SANDBERG SPENDS

$40. ()()() — REYNOLDS FALLS OUT WITH CAMPBELL BITTER

I'Uilir lOl.LOWS CA.-Ml'lU'.I.L DEFEATED m WKUJlll' I I KST

le(;al iian(;ing — stone-webster coiipoH a tion urvs street

C AU LINES.

Citv politics in 1898 was liatlly scraiiililcd. The populists, (itiiioiTats and silver rc])ul)licaiis held tlieii' eonventioiis .Mai-eli I.'ith. The deiiioei'ats sii])ported l'"a\veett who was a candidate for re-election. The populists sup])ortcd John Ilaitman. The silver repuhlieans iiisi.sted upon havin<>' the head of the ticket, threatening to bolt the fusion of the three ])arties that was being- arraiificd. and the pojjulists and democrats yielded. The silver rcpul)licans then named Cyrus A. Mentzer. There was nuieh dis- .satisfaction and it ( pi ickly became apparent that Johnson Xickcns, republican, would win in the election. The vote was: Xickeus. 2,389; Ment/tr. 2.()8!». In that election the socialists had a can- didate for mayor for the first time. Charles K. Case hcinu' their nominei'.

The 1900 campai<^ii attain ln'ouyht to the I'ront as a candi- date A. \'. I'awcett. This lime lu- was tlie candidate of the dcmociatic-popnlist fusioiL Louis 1). Campbell was the repub- lican nominee, and he won by a vote of 2,904 to 2,788. Fawcett's record as county commissioner and mayor in the three years be- fore was the issue in this campai<j,iL The j'amous wheelbarrow char<'es, in connection with his services as county commissioner,

199

200 HISTORY OF TAC03IA

had much to do with his defeat. At this election Alfred Lister again was elected controller and Frank B. Cole was elected treasurer on the fusion ticket.

At the election of 1902 the republican candidate was Louis D. Campbell and the democratic standard bearer was Frank B. Cole. The contest was conducted on party lines and the repub- lican won by a vote of 3,450 to 2,52.5. Alfred Lister was chosen as controller and Charles D. Atkins as treasurer. It was the first time in the city's history tliat a mayor had been elected to succeed himself. Cole said that one of his jokes on Campbell was that he (Cole) did not expect to l)e elected.

Two achievements of much importance to the comnumity in the two Campbell administrations were the closing of a contract with the Bakers for electric current from the Snoqualmie Falls plant and the settlement of "the bridge fight." William P. Reynolds, who, more than any other individual, had brought about the election of Campbell in the first place, served as city attorney through the first and most of the second administration. He did not desire this position and accepted it only after much solicitation. Campbell turned the electrical problem over to him.

Reynolds encouraged the bitter contest between the Baker Company and the Puget Sound Electric Company and finally by a smooth procedure he iliscovered what the Puget Sound Electric expected to l)id. He then notified Baker that he would have to bid below a certain figure, and Baker did so. The rival company brought an injunction suit to prevent the awarding of the contract, but lost, and the city officials hastily entered into a contract, which Reynolds immediately had to alirogate on ac- count of irregularities, after which he drafted a new contract and closed it up. This gave to the city the cheapest power it ever had had.

The street car company was paying nothing then, either upon the cost of building or the expense of maintaining city bridges used by its cars. Some of the bridges were known to be rickety. A serious bridge accident occurred in Victoria, presenting to Repiold's mind a dangerous condition in Tacoma. Straightway he mounted his black mare, with an auger over his shoulder, and rode out to the Twenty-first Street bridge (supplanted in 1910

IIIST()K\' Ol' I'AtO.MA 201

by a concrete structure). He clambered over the heavy tunbers, boriiiii- lioles here ami tliere, and soon discoveixd tliat the beams were iiitTf slic-lls. Tlic next day Ik- caiisiil tlir liridge to be closed to street car tratlic. and liroposed an oriiinanee reciuiring the street car company to pay half the cost of l)uilding bridges and half the cost of maintenance. One after another he caused the bridges to be closed. It created a fmore. The ])nblic was iiiiicli inconvenienced, as transfers froiii vav to car liad to l)c made at the bridges. A mass meeting was held in the City Hall. H. .S. (irosseup. ie])resenting the street car company, scored tile citv attiiriieys plan as nni(iue and ])re])osterous. Reynolds retorted by reading court tleeisions supporting his contention. At lengtii the ordinance was passed and the street car company since has been bearing its share.

At that tiim- the chief redlight district was on Opera Alley and the east side of 1) Street, from Eleventh Street south. Councilman T. \V . Hammond started a movement to ])lace it in a less conspicudUs place, aiul I'eter Sandberg was induced to liuild an estai)lisIinRnt at l-'oiirtcenth and A streets. He spent about .$4(), ()()(). This undertaking was regarded b>- the wisdom — or the unwisdom — of the jjcriod, as being the desir- able method of handling what many very good and sensible men considered "a necessary evil." The ])lace became a babel of vicious tongues — a ril)ald convocation of nationalities. Women of every color gatheied there. Rules were enforced kee])ing tliiiii tVdin tiie streets and in endeavoring to shut tluiii fnnii pulilic \ icw.

Chief of Police Fackler carried out the rules as best he could and the community undoubtedly had gained something. The vicious element had, to a certain extent, l)een confined, and it was under careful ])olice sin-veillance. Each month each inmate was fined, formal c<)mi)laints being di-a\vn, and tin- city gained a large revenue. FiKiuestionably the city had less crime than before. The vicious element's area of activities was will cir- eiunsei'ibed.

Open gambling tluii prevailed, and strict rules governing •• it were laid down by City Attorney Reynolds, to whom the mayor had assigned tin proiiKin. Reynolds told the gamblers

202 HISTORY OF TACOMA

that games must be square; that any one of them who tipped a police officer immediately must close; that swift punishment \\ould follow in case a man were robbed in a gambling place. Keynolds and Fackler carried out these rules with relentless de- termination. Certainly better conditions resulted.

Toward the end of the second Campbell administration Rey- nolds and Campbell fell out over the handling of the vice ques- tion. Campbell proposed to close the A Street resorts. Reynolds insisted that a compact, in fact or implied, existed with Sand- berg, and that he had been induced to invest his money and that to close his jjlace would be a violation of an agreement. Reynolds called attention to conditions as they had existed before, when the evil overran business and even residence districts. When Campbell insisted upon closing the place Reynolds resigned and told Campl)ell he would defeat him for re-election. Albert John- son ^\as conducting the Daily News, which was then, and for years had been, a democratic imper, and it opposed Campbell. The Ledger, a republican paper, gave him mild support. S. A. Perkins owned both papers, but at that time he did not edit both of them, and soon he found himself in a hornets' nest. Cami)bell had warm friends who grew intenseh' angry at the fight which his various antagonists were making upon him. and they never have fully forgiven. In his administration of affairs he had created enemies among some of the city's foremost busi- nessmen and they took a hand in the fight.

An interesting episode grew out of the conferences between the reiJublicans opposing Camj^bell and the democrats, who had nominated George P. Wright. The democrats hoped to elect their entire city ticket. Re,ynolds notified them that the anti- Campbell republicans would quit the contest against him at once unless the democrats would agree to assist all republican nomi- nees except Campbell. The compact was made. Wright was elected by a vote of 4,239 to 3, .578, and the republicans elected L. G. .Jackson as controller, Charles D. Atkins as treasurer, and Councilmen W. A. Whitman, Jesse H. Read, O. II. Christoffer- f^ son and A. ]M. Richards. The democrats elected Councilmen Frank M. Lamborn, Otto Duevel, Schuyler Usher and A. C. Hoenig. This election took place April .5, 1904.

will IK ItlVKl; I'OWKI; I'l.AXT, I-OIATKI) HKTWHEN SEATTLE AM) TACOMA

ELECTRON I'LAXT OX THE ITYALLIU' RIVER Great power (li'vclopiiu'iit Ipv the JStoiie & Webster Engineering Coriioration

1

HlSTOin OF TACOMA 203

C"aiii|)l)fll was a Scot of stroiii;- likes and dislikes. Hy oir' faction lir was assailed as a man whose taste of ])()wtr had niadi- him ai Toyant. and liy tin- other side he was praised as few mayors ever are praised. His friends love<! him. Tluy love iiim yet, and to tlum Iiis administration iievrr has l)een e(|ualle(i. The most l)illLr animosities, many of thtin hased on liearsay and imn- sense, are retained to this day l)y nan on iioth sides ot that famous liyht.

The first legal hanging in Pierce County took place April (>, 1000, when John Michod paid the penalty for the murder of his former wife, Mrs. .lolm Amliler. In the summer of 1!)()() Mieiiod was released from tiie stale penitentiary, where he had been serving a .sentence for wife l)eating. Coming to Taconia he I'oimd tlie woman had olitaiiicd a divorce and had mai'ried .loiui .\mhler. Michod went to the Anihler home September 27tli and shot her. Preparation's had l)een made twice before for Kgal killings in Pierce County. 'I'iic first time William .Martin, tiie condenmed man, escaped the day Itefore that set for his execution. The 24-foot hemp r()])i' houglit at tiiat time was carefully soaped and hiid away. A few years later it was expected this roj)e would he used in txeculing Pieani. I)ut tiie Supreme Court intervened and the rope again was laid away. It was used in the Michod hanging. James A. Frace, who built the scaffold upon which I'icani was to have been hanged, also huiit the scaffold for Michod and Father Ilylebos received the conl'ession nl' linlh ineii — Pieani. the Itahan. and Michml. the Frenchman. A few years later Frace was shot down l>y an assassin, leaving a mystery that is yet unsolved.

In litO'i the Stone- Webster cor])oration of Boston bought the City Park Kailway Comi)any (Point Defiance line), the Tacoma Traction Company, operating tlie Hue to Puyallup and to Wa- j)ntii. the 'I'acdina Haihvav \ .Motni- C'dmpany. and the 'i'acoma iV Cohimhia l{iver Uailway Com|)any. and amalgamated them as the Tacoma Railway and I'owxr Company of New Jersey. These pro])crtics were in bad older and the buyers at once began a general reorganization and upbuilding and soon gave to the city an excellent service which, generally s])caking, has been main- tained ever since. The coming of Louis Mean as gem ral manager

204 HISTORY OF TACOMA

gave a new color to street railway affairs in Tacoma. He sur- rounded himself with an especially efficient group of young men. The last spike of the interurban line was driven INIay 31, 1902, and the first train was run that day. Regular service was not estab- lished for about two months. This line cost in excess of $5,000,000.

lllAl'TKU LXXV 1899-1900 — SUM' andki.ana cai-sizes — Ai.i. hands lost — at-

TKMl'TS TO KAIM: T 1 1 K VESSEL — DIVKK I.OSKS HIS I. IKE COLLI- SION OF CITV OE KINGSTON AND (JI.KNOGLE — KINGSTON SINKS

IN 420 ii-;et oe water — titiow takes a elyeu — depth oe

THE SOUND THE DE LIN STKEET W lUXK — lOKTV-THKEE PER- SONS KILLED EQUIPMENT IN KAI) SllAl'l, .11 KV KKTl'KNS

SEVElfK \ 1 iniH 1 W ItECK COSTS ENOIOHJUS SU.M.

Between 2 and 3 o'clock on the inorning of Saturday, Jaiiu- nrv 14. ]H'M). the Hritish ship Aiidehiiia capsized in a stiuall and sank at \\vv anchoraye off the St. I'aul cV Taconia mill's deep- water uhaif, ^'iiin^ down in t\vent\ -thi'ce fathoms of water.

Her crew, consisting of Capt. G. W. Staling, First Mate E. H. ( "rowf, K. (i. Doe, Xenu\- Jossaim, Joseph M. A. D'Hoeyere, Hichaid H. Ilanze, Antone Jensen, Johan Neilsen, E. OstroDL Fred Lindstrom, Edward Let/ and Angust Simon- son, caught helow decks, were carried down with the ship.

The Andelana was a steel craft — one of the finest that ever came t(i Tacoma and was to load wheat I'oi' Liverpool. N^ery little hallast was on hoard and to this fact her fate was attrib- uted. Tugs next day dragged lor and found the ship, which, it was supposed, had turned over on her side.

^Vpril •J(>th E. L Halstead and Diver Jacoh Sorenson hegan the work of saKage. A huge grappling iron was made and the ship's anchor was soon found, hut in the effort to raise it, the giappling iron I)roke. Xext d.iy two anchors were lashed to- gether, and the w leek was moved some five fathoms into shal- lower uattr. The men then rested until a new engine could he obtained.

Many persons sneered at the efforts of the wreckers, hut a

205

206 HISTORY OF TACOMA

few days later Halstead brought the anchor of the Aiidelana to the surface. It weighed 4, ,500 pounds. The anchor and chain was sold to the American ship C. F. Sargent for $1,000. Captain Libby. manager of the Puget Sound Tug Boat Company, brought tlu'ee powerful tugs to Tacoma and the cable of the Andelana was bent to three cables, one from each of the tugs Tyee, Wanderer and Richard Holyoke. A 1-1-inch hawser formed the connection between the cable and the Tyee, while a 12-inch jNIanila did service to each of the other tugs. The com- bined horsei30wer of the tugs was .3,000 and for one hour each exerted everj' pound of its power. The Tvee's hawser parted with a snap. The powerful tug surged forward at furious speed. Another effort was made and the hawser of the Wan- derer broke in much the same manner. All afternoon the tugs pulled at the wreck, measurements taken the next day showinj^ that it had been moved but a few feet. Halstead then aban- doned this jilan and turned to scows.

At low tide on ]May 24th two large scows were lashed to- gether above the wreck, the ship's cable was i^assed through a sheave liaving a two and seven-sixteenth-inch axle, and Halstead and his men watched the incoming tide anxiously. The scows settled some four inches and it was seen that the steel axle of the sheave was bending under the strain. A new axle, five inches in diameter, was put in and another incoming tide started the big vessel out of her place in the mud. The wreck was raised about five feet and then the chain broke, the scows bobbed on the water like corks and another plan had failed.

Weeks passed and on August 9th Diver W. L. Baldwin went down thi-ough the thirty-three f^-thoms of water and brought up paint and iron rust from the side of the Andelana. Divers, expert wreckers and waterfront wiseacres said it could not be done, but when Baldwin showed the paint on his gloves they changed their minds. Baldwin reported the vessel to be resting on her side on solid ground, and declared he would place a line on the wreck or die in the attempt. Several days passed before weather conditions were favorable. Halstead urged Baldwin to get a new pump, as his old one had given trouble, but the diver refused. The pump was patched up, Baldwin subjected it to

IIISTOKV OF TACOMA 207

severe tests, and on Au;^usl ITtli started mi his stt-diul trip to tlif ui-ffk. lie liail readied a depth of l.')() I'cet when the gasket ill one ol' tlie valves of liis puni]) hlcw out with a hiss and the men on tlie seow realized that death had elainied the diver. Will- ing hands made (Hiiek work of hauling in the life line, and in a few moments Baldwin was pulled to the surfaee.

The Pacifie Wreeking & Salvage Company i)urehase(l the w reek and November .")th Captain Walters an-ived with a Heat of large scows, nunii niafiiinrry and a crew of divers. Walters determined to send his men down, attach a line to the masts and try to right her, hut weather conditions were unfavorable. The divers gave him trouble. There were charges of shady transac- tions. The following July tlir scow wliieii for so many months had marked the grave of the Andelana and her sixteen sailors, drifted upon tlu mud fiats and the work of salvage was aban- doned. The wreck is now believed to be covered l)y the de])osits of silt from the Puyallup River.

Early Sunday moi'ning. April -J.'}. ISD'.t. tjie steamship Cilen- ouie. outward iioiind fi'om 'i'acoma. wliiii alioul midwav between the coal bunkers and Hrown's Point, collided with tlie Puget Sound <S: Alaska Steamship Company's steainslii|) City of Kings- ton inward bound from Victoria. Ten minutes later the hull of the Kingston sank while the upper works, cut in two by the prow of the Glenogle. drifted away. The collision occurred at 4.20 A. M. when the twelve jjassengers and a |)art of the crew were asleep. The Kingston's puiser and nightwatehman awakentd all and some were taken aboard the Glenogle, which, attaching a line to the after part of the floating upper works of the Kingston, returned to the Tacoma dock.

The crash of the collision had been heard on shore and piiy- sicians had been snmnioned to the dock to care for the injured. Kilt tluTi' was notliing for the physicians to do. Rev. Horace II. Clapham. |)astor of 'I'rinity Church. ()ceii|)icd tlu- statiroom near- est the point where the prow of the (ilenogle entered and was imi)risnned by splintered woodwork, but he i'orced his way out and climbed al)oard the Glenogle.

The owiieis of the Kingston libeled the Glenogle for $140,- 000. Officers of both ves.sels maintained strict silence and manv

208 HISTORY OF TACOMA

stories were in circulation. Captains Bryant and Cherry, United States marine inspectors, j^laced tlie blame upon Captain Bran- dow. pilot of the Kingston, charging "unskillfiilness in navigat- ing his vessel." Brandow thought that the Glenogle, when she whistled, was still at the Tacoma dock and was warning the Kingston to keep out. The pilot signalled the engine room to reverse the engines, at the same time placing his vessel directly across the path of the Glenogle, the two ships coming together at an angle of about thirty-five degrees. Neither ship had much headway. Brandow was found guilty of leaving the bridge of the Kingston without giving signals to the engine room and his license was revoked. Capt. John Birmingham, supei'vising in- spector at San Francisco, later reinstated him

Monday morning the Kingston's cargo began coming ashore on the tide, bringing Canadian whisky and imported wine. Auc- tioneers sold the wreckage at auction. The hull of the ship, out in the deepest part of the bay. was bought by A. R. Titlow for $52. A large crowd attended the sale. The boats, oars and other projjerty sold at very low prices while dishes, mirrors and fur- niture brought more than the same articles would have cost if bought new. Kingston relics adorn many Tacoma collections. The Avreckage sold for $2,200.

Though the Kingston went down in about four hundred and twenty feet of water there was some hope of raising her. Titlow, when he bought the hull, was merely taking a flyer. He at once was given the title of commodore, and he still wears it. He had a great amount of fun speculating in shares in the lost ship. He sold, rebought and resold shares in his $52 ship many times and cleared several himdred dollars in the transactions. One day the agent of a Portland firm which thought it might raise the ship asked Titlow what he would take for her and Titlow fixed the price at $10,000. The agent finally got as high as $750 in his offers, and he then departed to consult his employers. He never reappeared. Titlow had intended to sell as soon as the agent had bid $1,000, and he exercised all his ingenuity to persuade him to advance beyond $750. The Kingston had about $90,000 worth of new machinery in her.

The sinking of the Andelana and the Kingston aroused a

IIISTOin' OF TAC'OMA 209

rciK'Wril iiiti-i'fst III tile ilcptli dl' C iiiiiiiK'iK'(.iii(,iit \i:w. and many ridirulous figures were given. Kveii today one now and tlien hears tlie assertion that tlie Andehina hes in 1,000 feet of water. Tlie greatest deptli of the l)ay is .510 feet. This depth is found hetween Ohl Taeoiiia and Hiown's Point, al)out two-thirds of the (hstance across finm ()h| 'racoma. The sound's greatest (Irpth is aii<iiil [\\u ami iim--hair miles sdiilhwest of ^Vlki I*i)iiil, wliere it reaches 8o'J feet. xVrounil I'oint Deliance the watei- is. j'rom 1(10 to l.'JO feet deep, whili- tlie depth of the Narrows varie.s iVom 1.5(; to -228 feet.

()iie of the Northwest's most (Usastroiis street car accidents occurred on llie moining of .Inly 4, I'.tOO. at the south end of the hridge that at that time spanned llu' ,i;iilcli at T\Miity-si\tli and South C streets. Car No. 1 Ki, heavily loaded with people hound for tlie celehration in Taeonia ran away down the Del^in Street iiill. junii)ed the track at the curve and ])lunged over tiie hridge and was crushed upon the logs 100 feet helow. Forty-three per- sons were killed and many injured.

The ear. in charge of Mntdrman 1'". Ti. Bohem and Conductor J, 1). C'alliiiim. Kf't South Taeoma shortly aftcT S o'clock. .Scioii every inch of space was occupied and |)assengers were clinging to the outside railings. Shortly after leaving the top of the hill the niotorman realized that the car was heyond control. Hrakes were tightly set. sand was used and the current was reversed, but witlmnl dcciiasing the si)ted of the car. Passengers juni])ed to the griuind .and tlu' ti'ack for ."{OO I'cit was liordcrcd with the injured. -Vt the hridge the car cleared the twelve-inch guard rail and plunged into the gulch. The crash was heard for hlocks. Dead, dying and injured men. women and children, splintered wood and luislcd iron were piled together in the hottom of the giilcli \Uiose steep sides mailc the work of rescue \cry dillicult. \'ctcrans of the Pliilip|)ine war, tlicii in Tacnma Inr tluir first reunion, rendered valuable assistance.

Mayor Cainpbell refused to take part in the holiday exercises anil turned his attention to relief tiieasm-es. Suliseription lists were started and about three thousand dollars was given. .Sheriff Mills, imdcr instructions fniiii C'orom-r Iloska, took charge of the w rt-ck and |)laccd dc])iiti(s on guard.

210 HISTORY OF TACOMA

For months citizens had protested against the dihipidated cars. The council had passed an ordinance regulating the speed, but the ordinance had not been enforced. After the accident the council met and heard resolutions condemning the company for discharging old employes and putting new men in their places; for overloading the cars and for exceeding the speed limit. Action on the resolution was deferred pending the findings of the coroner's jury a few days later. The jury, composed of Peter Irving. Charles Plass, Charles Atkins. J. H. Babbitt and F. A. Turner, spent three days in investigating and brought in one of the most severe arraignments of a street car company ever returned.

]Motorman Boliem, then recovering from his injm-ies, testified tliat he had had three years' experience in Cincinnati, but that he had never had charge of a car over the DeLin Street grade until the morning of the accident. Among the many witnesses were street railway exi^erts from other cities who examined the tracks, which they found to be badly worn, and the flanges of some of the car wheels were thin and weak. The track had been in use for ten years and was in bad condition.

The jury found the accident due to the carelessness of INIotor- man Bohem and asserted that tlie "Tacoma Railway <S: Power Company was grossly and criminally careless and negligent in permitting said Motornian F. L. Bohem to go out on said car 116 over said dangerous grade without any previous effort to ascer- tain his efficiency." The company was "grossly and criminally careless in maintaining said dangerous grade without installing any safety appliances and was also careless and lax in the main- tenance of its track and equipment."

The thirty-seven killed outright were Lois Drake. Annie Glasso, Lottie Suitor, Dorothy Dinger, Louis Dinger, Charles ^Nloser. Albert ]Moser, Richard Lee, IMrs. Grossman, G. Bertoli, Ole Larson, Ole Ranseen. James Benston. Charles Davis, Wil- liam J. Williams. John Paulis, William Nieson. Robert Steele, G. H. Gaul, Rev. Herbert Gregoiy, Griffith Vanderhelden. A. L. Healy, G. M'JNIullin, ]Mr. and ]Mrs. John J. Shanger— who had they lived a few days longer would have celebrated their fiftieth wedding anniversary; they were bm-ied in the same grave —

IIISTORV OF TACOMA -'n

W. H. Davis, Jusepli ]McCann, Leroy Lingernian, Gordon New- ton, Richard Soiiberg, G. II. lirown. William Hastings, Mrs. George Elliot. COiidiK'tor J. U. Calhoun, Mrs. Campbell, C. \V. \Voodrufi' and A. T. Silfl)erg. Edward Bray, Mrs. Enmia Flemming, Floyd M. Dinger, Earl^Ioskins, .1. Ginicl and Hilda Glasso died after being removed from the wreckage.

The DeLin Street grade and tlic dangerous curve had been the cause of other accidents. The first of these occurred about ten years before when two motor cars loaded with men collided, killing one man and injuring a dozen others. Two cars of green wood hauled by a dummy engine with Nelson Rcdell in charge, ran away and went over the bridge. Other accidents liad resulted in the death of two women.

Damage suits arising from the wreck cost the company more than one hundred thousand dollars. The pilcd-up suits almost led to the ai)])ointment of a receiver for the comi)any. It finally set aside a sum exceeding one hundred thousand dollars and informed the lawyers for the in.jund that they could take that sum and dis- triliute it. and ttiat a greater demand would bring about a receiv- ership. The lawyers accepted the off'er.

« CHAPTER LXXVI

1903-04 PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT LAYS CORNERSTONE OF MASONIC

TEMPLE — IS PRESENTED WITH SILVER TROAVEL — WRECK OF THE

CLALLAM FOUR TACOMANS LOST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES

ORGANIZED.

President Roosevelt made his first visit to Tacoma ]May 22, 1903, and addressed an enormous audience in Wright Park. Im- mediately afterward he started for the Masonic Temple on St. Helens Avenue, where the laying of the cornerstone awaited him.

The President's procession was met by the uniformed rank Knights Templar, 200 strong, drawn up in two glittering lines, and making one of the finest spectacles of the day. Upon the arrival of the President's procession the Knights formed in double column and led the march down First Street and St. Helens Avenue to the temple site, the column being led by the state grand coniniandery. Among the officers were L. F. Gault, Tacoma. acting grand commander; Edward R. Hare, Tacoma, generalissimo; D. B. Sheller, Tacoma, grand senior warden; Ira S. Davisson, Tacoma, grand standard bearer; John G. Campbell, Tacoma, grand warden. Ivanhoe Commanderj' Xo. 4, of Ta- coma, in command of Eminent Commander C. I^. Hoska and Capt.-Gen. George O. Hickox. followed. Seattle Knights also participated. Three hundred white-aproned INIasons were at the temple site.

A great cheer arose as the President took his place, escorted by Secretary Loeb, Governor INIcBride, INIayor Louis F. Camp- bell and Grand Master John Arthur. The members of the grand lodge taking part in the services were: INIost Worshipful John Arthur, Seattle, grand master; Right Worshipful Charles

212

CHAIR MADE FOR PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT BY FRED EDWARDS AND E. It. IIOI'.KHTS

HISTORY OF TArO>rA 213

1). Atkins, Tacoma, deputy grand master; Right Worshipful Rt. Rev. F. W. Keator, Taconia, grand chaplain; Rij^ht \\'orshii)ful X. S. Porter, Olynipia, grand treasurer; Right \\'orshi[)t'ul T. M. Reed, Olyiiipia, grand secretary; Right Worshipful K. 11. Vanl'atton, Dayton, senior grand warden; Right Worshipful A. L. Miller, Vancouver, junior grand warden; Worshipful J. M. Taylor, Seattle, grand lecturer; ^Vorshipful G. D. Smith, grand senior deacon; Worshipful Doctor Limerick, grand junior deacon; Worshipful W . .1. Rienhart, Seattle, grand senior steward.

Following the invocation hy Rt. Rev. Rishop Keator, Deputy Grand Master .\tkiiis applied the stpiare; Grand Senior Warden VanPatton, the level, and Grand Junior Warden Miller the plumb, to the stone. The grand master dedicated the stone. President Roosevelt stepi^ed forward and with a small trowel placed the mortar. He showed lack of experience and the Masons around him laughed and encouraged him, the President joining in the laugh. A handsome silver trowel, presented by Lebanon Ijodge Xo. 1()4 and Tacoma Lodge X^o. 88 was then handed to President Roosevelt, who proceeded to apply the mortar \\ itli a liberal hand, the crowd applauding. After working a few seconds, the Presi- dent straightened up with the remark: "I mustn't work overtime on this job." The silver trowel was presented to IMr. Roosevelt while the common one he first had used was placed in the lodge archives.

The President made a very short talk-. A chorus under the direction of Prof. Olof Ridl then sang the Masonic ode. The ritualistic service concluded with the scattering of corn, an em- blem of plenty; wine, an cndilem of joy and gladness; and oil, an embkiii of peace. The copper l)ox cont.iiiiing luuiies of all members of Tacoma oSIasonic bodies, copies of lu wspajjers, coins, a silver box containing a small piece of walnut from Mount Vernon — Washington's himiestead — and a ])iece of stone from Solomon's Temple — l)rought from Jerusalem I)y Allen C. Mason, and other mementoes were placed and the cornerstone swung into place.

At noon on Friday, January 8, 1004, the steamship Clallam, Capt. George Roberts, left Port Townsend on her way from

214 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Seattle to Victoria with fifty-six passengers and a crew of thirty- three. A severe snow and rain storm was raging in the straits and the Clallam fought her way to within sight of the Canadian port when Chief Engineer Delauney rei^orted that one of the dead lights had broken and the ship was taking water rapidly. Cap- tain Roberts tried to tui-n the vessel around so as to bring the open port hole above water, but the Clallam would not obey her helm. The hole was stuffed with blankets; the pumps were started, but refused to work. All the men on board began to fight the rapidly rising water.

E. E. Blackwood, the Clallam's Victoria agent, saw the ship's distress flags and endeavored to get Victoria tugs to go to her assistance, but tug-boat men refused to take chances in the storm. Port Townsend was then called and the tugs Richard Hoh'oke and Sea Lion started for the drifting ship. Water put out the Clallam's fires and she was at the mercy of the storm. About 3 :30 Captain Roberts gave orders to man the life boats. Captain Law- rence, a i^assenger enroute to his home in Victoria, went in com- mand of the first boat which barely cleared the side of the Clallam when she went over, spilling women and children into the water. The second boat had covered GOO feet of the 2l/2 niiles between the ship and Destruction Island when it was swamped. The third met a similar fate.

About 9:30 that night the Holyoke arrived and placed a line on the disabled ship. Roberts wanted the vessel towed to Vic- toria, but the Holyoke started towards Port Townsend with the wind, and at 1 o'clock next morning was joined by the tug Sea Lion. Roberts realized that the Clallam soon would sink and ordered the tugs to cut loose. The order was obeyed not a mo- ment too soon. Roberts told liis exhausted men to save them- selves, and a life raft was sent over. The captain, carried over the side bj' a big wave, was rescued by the men on the raft. INIost of those on the vessel when she sank Avere saved while all who went in the boats were lost, among them being Bnmo Lehmann, customs inspector; Cajit. C. W. Thompson, president of the Mon- tezmna Coal Company; W. E. Rooklidge and Prof. W. B. Gib- bons, organist, all of Tacoma; and jNIiss Ethel Diprose, who was returning to her home in Victoria after having taken a course of

St. Luke's Episcopal Chiircli First Christian Oburcli First Congregational Church

St. I'iitrii-k's f'atliolic. Church

IninianucI Prcsliytorian Church

First Church of Christ, Scientist

CHUKCH .\H( lllTi;<TlJi{K IN TACOMA

IIISTOHV OF 'rACO:NrA 215

study in the- mii-NCs' training- school of tlie Faimie Paddock Hos- pital. The Clallam was hiiilt in Tacoina, going into commission Jnlv .•}. lOOy. Two years later, .January '12, VMWk the Valencia, another ship well known to Tacomans, was wrecked off the west shore of \'ancouver Island with great loss of life.

The Second Presbyterian Church had iieen formed January 28, 1888, in Wallace Hall, Old Tacoma. liy Htv. \\ . A. .Mackey and Kev. ¥. ¥. Voung, with twenty-one members. Ovid Chap- man and ^Matthew Stewart were made elders and Thomas Kllis, .7. .1. Bush and Henry \'oung. trustees. Rev. Thomas McCiuire was the first i)ast()r. The congregation first used the Methodist Church. In Fel)ruary. ISK'.t, it ivnnncd In the Lowell School Jiuilding, and in September of that year removed to a tent on lots that had been bought at North Ninth and J streets, where in 1891 a building was eompleted and the first sermon therein was preached by Kev. Arthur Brown. 1). 1).. of Portland. A year later the organization was to change its name to "The Immanuel Presbyterian Church"" and i)i-ocecd on a iiapjJV career, leading to tile liuilding ill l!t()!t of the prrseiit handsome structure under [\\v guidance of Dr. A. L. Hutcheson. and to gain inider the leader- ship of Rev. Robert II. Milligan. traveller and writer, an even stronger ])lace in the community. Calvary Church was organized January 28. 188!), by Mr. and Mrs. John Slater. Mr. and Mrs. John Hill. .Miss Mary Whitmark and Miss Smith. Rev. \\'. A. Macke\ was assisted on this occasion by Elder F. F. Hopkins, of the First Churcli. who has iieen stanch in his faith and valuable to his clnn-ch as its historian. Rev. O. T. Mather, for eleven years j)astor of Rethany Church, recently filed in Ferry Museum a complete history of Presbyterianism in Tacoma. Rethany Church began as a Sunday school in the Trijjjjlc home. North Stevens and Firty-first street, licv. .J. .Addison ^Vhitaker. 1). U.. helped the ])co|)le to raise money for the chaiicl. built at North Fortv-first and ^'erde streets. The church was authorized in the sjjring of r.>()4 and Mr. .Mather was called from Dryden. X. \'.. to test tlie situation. The churcli was organized ()ctol)ei' 1.'). liX)!, with tliirtx-tliree eliartrr incmiiers. and with Thomas F. McMil- liii. Ronald McSween and George H. lUiiy as eldeis. The ehiiicli flourished until Whitworth College was removed to Spo- kane in I'.M t. Mr. Mather resigricii Mav 1. 1010.

CHAPTER LXXVII

1904. — NOMINATION IN TACOMA OF GOVERNOR MEAD — FARREI.L COMES IN SPECIAL CAR — A DINNER AND A SUGGESTION — STEVEN- SON's ANGER AT RUTH IT ALMOST LEADS TO REMOVAL OF

CAPITAL TO TACOMA JOHN REa's SECRET A TACOMA DELEGA- TION VISITS GOVERNOR EDITOR PIPER "sCOOPED" AND HE

BERATES MEAD.

One of the most interesting- episodes of a political nature in Taconia's history was the nomination here in 1904 of Albert E. INIead, of Whatcom County, for governor. It created much excitement over the state, chiefly because it was alleged that John D. Farrell, factotum in this state of the Great Northern Railroad Company, came in the dead of night to Tacoma in his special car to dictate the nomination. Sensational stories of this lost nothing in their repetition, and the occurrence became almost a state scan- dal in many minds.

John C. McBride posed as the. farmer's candidate. Much had been said in his behalf against the alleged domination of state affairs by railroad and other interests. Attorney B. S. Gross- cup, then prominent in Xorthern Pacific Railroad affairs, was the leader of the Pierce County delegation. Pierce County had no candidate for governor, nor did King County, and the dele- gations of both counties were opposed to IVIcBride. Several of the outside counties favored B. D. Crocker, of Tacoma, for the nomination. Crocker for many years was a large figure in Xorthwestern politics. Thurston County came up with C. J. Lord as a candidate. He dropped out when he learned that, if he received that nomination, the state treasurership would go to some other county. Grosscup stood for Senator Baker of Klicki- tat. The contest quickly developed into a fight of the field

216

li

TOTEM I'Ul.K (;i\ KN TO TACOMA BY W. P. SHEARD AND CHESTER

TiroRXE IN' mo:;.

L Xf ijj v. 1:

AST TlLr. St

IIISTOUV OF TACOMA 217

against McBride, jiihI tlii' delegations conferred and schemed for a day or so before Farrell eaim lo Tacoma in liis jjiivate car. He asked Grosscup to lia\e dinner with him in his car. Grossc\ip accepted and asiied Harry Fairehild, an able lawyer of lieliing- ham, to join the party. At dinner they discussed the problem that was on all tongues. Farrell had no candidate. In the course of the discussion Fairehild brought up the name of Albert E. ISIead, the country lawyer, who was then a candidate for Congress. He was not objectionable to Farrell and Grosscup. The word was sent out and Mead's candidaey at once took shape, steering committees from anti-.MelJride counties (juiekly formed and the nomination of INIead became a certainty, though confer- ences lasted all night long at the Tacoma Hotel in the placing of the other iKirninations foi- geographical advantage. As a result of ]Mead's nomination the state won the services of Fairehild as chairman of the jjublic service commission, a position he filled with great distinction. His intensity of service, however, cost him his life.

At \ai-ii)ns times Taeonia lias shown a desire to obtain the state cajjital. and she came near getting it in 1!)()."). George Stevenson was angry at Senator A. S. Kuth ol" 'i'hurston County and in an effort to i)unisli him he introduced a bill providing for the removal of the capital from Olympia to Tacoma. It jjassed the senate with ease. A fight was expected in the house and Thurston County and her friends marshaled forces for that eon- test. To their surprise llu' measure went through the house with comparatively little (i|)])osition. W'liat had been begnm by Stevenson as a l)hifr had l)eeome very serious for Thurston County. The bin if had gone beyond control.

The Tacoma Chamber of Commerce had offered a site in ^^'right Park an offer wliieh. it developed, could not be kept because the heirs of the ^Vrigllt estate threatened to sue for the recovei'v of the laml. which Wright had given for park, and not state ca])ital, uses. Having passed both bouses the measure now was up to Governoi- Mead, and there was great doubt what he would do with it. .Toim A. Kea then was a resident of Olympia, and he had his fingers on everything political. By some process

218 HISTORY OF TACOMA

he exacted from Governor Mead a secret promise to veto the measm-e. None but Rea and the governor knew.

One day a forini(hil)le delegation of Tacoman.s — there were Judjie Thad Huston, Judoe Eniniett Parker, R. L. ]McCorniick and others of hke influence — went to Olynipia to solicit the friendly interest of Governor JNIead in the measure. They met Rea on the street and he accompanied them to the state house and into the gubernatorial presence, where all gravely lined up along the wall while the arguments were presented to the governor. At that moment probably the veto already had been written. The governor listened with patience and proper respect. Rea stood by laughing in his sleeve.

In a few days it was whispered about that the governor would veto, and Editor Piper of the Oregonian got a pledge out of Governor JNIead that his paper should have a copy of it immedi- ately it was ready for publication. The Seattle Post-Intelli- gencer actively had supported JNIead and thought itself entitled to particular consideration. Editor Brainerd called the governor by telephone one night, told him he knew of the forthcoming veto, expected to print the fact that a veto had been decided upon and the probable grounds for it, and urged upon the governor the desirability of giving it out then and there in order that no mis- information should be conveyed to the public. The governor fell into the trap, gave the veto to the Seattle paper, forgetting his pledge to Piper and his duty to the other newspapers. Piper

sent to Mead a message in which he said : "You are a liar

and I'll follow you to the ends of the earth." Editorial attention from the Oregonian thereafter was not a delight to the governor. jNIead surprised and disappointed his critics by giving the state an excellent administration. He suggested a number of sensible reforms and left the office a much stronger man in pubhc esteem than when he entered it.

The first Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul train, with Engine No. 210, reached Taeoma at 9:30 P.M., May .'!1, 1911, with Conductor P. H. Sheridan and Engineer C. A. Johnson

At 10:30 P. M., May 23, 1909, the fir.«t Great Northern train, the Oriental Limited,' hauled by Engine No. 1068, "entered Taeoma, with Thomas Bouuer, conductor, and J. Oairns, engineer

'S?**'""		'---f 7^		IPCIiw -~^-~"i!H -t ^	1! «^
H 1 npiiL -■ .-.-'*H*-- ■».. -^j —
i^a		[y3	l^^^^^^^^^^^^^^lm
'hMH	1	WM	We
3B^H!B
jfc; .,-						,c.^-.

This locomotive lirouglit the first Urcgon A: Washington Kailroail train, No. 363, to Taeoma, January 1, 1910. John A. Scott was conductor and D. I). Dunlaji, engineer

WHEN THE NEW RAILEOADS CAME IN

CHAPTER LXXVIII

1905 GREAT KAILKUAD-ULILDING rERIOl) BEGINS MILWAUICEE

FRUSTILVTES SPECUI^VTOUS — UNION PACIFIC SPENDS MILLIONS AM) DRIVES A TUNNEL — STRIKES SNAG IN JACOB BETZ — BAI.K- WII.L SPENDS $2,000,000 — WAS UNION PACIFIC BUYING A BLUFF? MAKES CONTRACT AVITH NORTHERN PACIFIC— EREC- TION OF UNION STATION- — BUILDING OF POINT DEFIANCE LINE

RAILROADS EXPEND TOT^VL OF $20,000,000 IN TACOMA — AVHEN FIRST TRAINS CAME.

Railroad buying for terniliial i)iirposes began early in 1905, when a syndicate composed of John Arkley, William Bowen, S. J. Maxwell and otlicrs disposed of tideland holdings to the incoming Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul road. L. R. jNIanning did much of the buying for the ^Milwaukee, and his movements were watched with an interest that approached the hysterical.

The jMilwaukee engineers let it become public that the com- j)any expected to place its terminals north of Twenty-fifth Street, and there was a scurrying of buyers into that territory. ^Vhile this flurry was in progress tlie railroad company quietly bought what it desired south of that street at reasonable prices.

In November, 1905, it became known that the Union Pacific interests were in the market for terminal properties, and the excitement which the Milwaiikce Iniying liad caused was trebled. One day a man walked into the oftiee of S. R. Ralkwill and asked him to take a walk through tlie lower liusiness section of the city. It was a warm day and Ralkwill, })eing heaAy, desired to take a carriage. The caller refused and for the next hour or so lie led a strenuous chase, showing Ralkwill what lots he desired. On their return the visitor, who was the agent for the T^nion Pacific, placed to Balkwill's checking account $500,000. The buyitiir be-

21!t

220 HISTORY OF TACOMA

gan on JeiFerson Avenue. The railroad's plan, the public later was given to understand, was to build an ujjtown freight station where the JNIassasoit Hotel stands at South Broadway and Seven- teenth streets, Avith the passenger station just below it. The scheme called for a costly tunnel in the Jefferson Avenue neigh- borhood and for elaborate viaducts across Pacific Avenue and a great bridge over the city waterway. Property for this project was obtained, most of it at fancy prices.

An incident in the Milwaukee's buying illustrates the Union Pacific buying: Joshua Peirce was asked by the Milwaukee agents to buy the land where the Milwaukee station now stands. Mr. Peirce thought the land was worth about $5,000, but before he got hold of it at 1 1 o'clock that night its owners had raised the price to $48,000.

The Union Pacific buyers struck a snag in Jacob Betz, Avho OA\aied the old Sprague Block, now called the Betz Block, at Seventeenth Street and Pacific Avenue. He had paid $275,000 for this property, and the Union Pacific finally raised its bid for a right of way through the triangle to $750,000. Betz refused to take it. S. R. Balkwill disbursed close to $2,000,000 in the land buying. Soon the driving of the tunnel began, and the people of Tacoma believed that all of the elaborate plans wliich the railroad had announced would be carried out.

Just how far the railroad authorities intended to carry this work is not known. A great amount of San Francisco capital was ready to pour into Tacoma, spurred by knowledge of what the Union Pacific was about to do, but the San Francisco earth- quake and fire ruined the plans. The Narrows Land Company, Avhich spent a half million dollars in Regents Park, was the fore- runner of the San Francisco incursion. The short but hard jianic of 1907 was a further blow to great enterprises.

But the opinion prevailed in railroad circles that the Union Pacific's buying Avas in the nature of a bluff; that it Avanted to frighten the Northern Pacific Companj' into granting common- user privileges on the tracks between Portland, Tacoma and Seattle, and rights in the $650,000 passenger station which the Northern Pacific Avas about to build in Tacoma, and Avhich it completed Maj' 1, 1911. After the company procm'ed these

WEST PORTAL Ol' TIIK XELSOX BENNETT TUNNEL

HISTOHV OF TACOMA 221

rights it stopped the tiiniRl driving- and later filled it, as it was becoming a menace to the streets above it. The Union Pacific spent for Tacoma real estate about ft.'J.OOO.OOO.

For many years the plan of l)uildin^' a water grade line, with a tunnel south of Point Defiance Park, had been in the minds of railroad men. From the beginning of the Northern Pacific Com- pany's operations in Tacoma the heavy grade nf Hood Street ami tlie dangerous crossing of Pacific A\(iiuc had been continu- ous (lifHculties. It has been described elsewhere how Allen. C. ISIason first attempted to use the Point Defiance water grade and the Xorthern I'aeiiie bought him out.

The great railroad movement of the middle of the last decade encouraged the Xorthern Pacific to undertake this important extension, and tlu' buying of the necessary land went on for some time, as quietly as possible, and later in the open. In some instances fabidous ])rices were ])aid. The bilking of a railroad in tlusc enterprises is regarded as a virtuous achievement, but tile imlilie ])ays it all back, with good interest on the investment. Ill (liic linii tlic cniiiijany bad iirorui'ed its rights of Avay, and .Jainiaiy I. I'.Hl'. Ilic actual building of the line began. It was comi)leted December l.>, 19U. The total cost exceeded .$10,000.- 000. It is one of the best pieces of railroad construction on the continent, and to the traveler it is one of the most beautiful stretches to be seen anywhere.

The long tunnel at Point Defiance, whieh Nelson Hennett built and which was named after him, is 4,400 feet in length, and the short one is 400 feet.

All told, between 1000 and l'.»14. the Milwaukee, Great Nuitliern, Xorthern Pacific and T^nion Pacific interests expended in Tacoma al)out $20,000,000. This includes the Union Pas- senger Station, viaducts, real estate, bridges, etc., but it does not include the consideral)le work whieh the companies are now carrying out on the tideflats, where miles of trackage is being- laid, and long viaducts that will carry vehicular traffic safe from railroad dangers. It is quite evident that the railroad companies have gi'eat faith in Tacoma as a traffic point.

The first Great Ndrllurn train arrived :May 23. 1909.

The first Oregon-Washingtf)n liain airived .Taiiiiaiy 1. 1010.

222 HISTORY OF TACOMA

The coming of the Chicago, JNIilwaukee k St. Paul road was a tremendous event in Tacoma history. Its first train came on May 1, 1911.

The raih'oad-buying period hfted real estate prices to a point they never before had reached. As an indication of the effect on values, the Tacoma Land Company's holdings in 1905 were ap- praised at about a million dollars. Through the buying period Manager John Arkley, of the land company, sold more than three million dollars' worth of lands and the company still had a million dollars' worth left. In other words, the buying period increased values four fold. In individual cases the increase amounted to twenty fold.

CHAPTER LXXIX

lOO.l-fi-T-S OIUJANIXAIKIN Ol TIIK " liOOSTERs" A IJAXQUKT Ol'

l.'.>'.»7 I'EKSOXS RUNS THAIN I' 1 1 Hole; 1 1 I'dl! TLAXI) STUKKTS

"WATfU TAl o.MA CKdW "' I'HOI'. CHARLES ZEUBLIx's UIDICUI.E

AXl) I'RAISE fORXEKSTOXE OE I'VTHIAN TEMPLE LAID CITY

KLEXTIOX Ol' 1 !)()('. AVRKJIIT DEKEATS m'cOR.MICK — PERIOD OK

MrXKll'Al. l.MI'UOVE.MEXT — LIXCK DEIT.ATS WRIGHT ALLE-

GATIOXS OF SHADY TRAXSACTIONS IX PAVIX.G LIXCK's HANDS

TIED HY eoi'xcii, iir.ADi.dCK — eor.matiox oi' ixivkksity ci.rn.

The resourceful Vw^] C. Bi-ewer was the ori<i;inat()r of tlie fa- mous "Boosters." an oiuaiii/ation foniicd Fehruarv "28, 190.5, in the old ('lianii)fr of C'oinimrcx' rooms at Ninth and C streets. Brewei- liad luen cast and in Denver he had witnessed the activ- ities of a vounLi ni( MS clnl). Hrtwer saw ])ossihilities in it and Mjjon his return to Tacoina lie invited a numl)er of fi'iinds to join him in startin<>' an or<'anization alon^- similar lines. At the organization meeting- there were pirsent T.. W. Pratt. I. .M. Howell. Frederick A. Rice, Paul Shaw, F. B. Woodruff, Perci- val C. Kaufman, Wm. Trowhrid<jfe, J. Thomas, H. Crouch, E. Sutton, James DeMC. NViH Ilayden. Will Wheeler. Dr. Thos. (in ran. (i. McCieer, li. F. (iault. and two or three others. They called themselves the "Tacoma Boosters." iVhout the only hy- law the clnl) had was: "Boost, don't knock." lis ])rcsidcnts through its three years of existence were L. W. Pratt, Will H. Dickson and Fred C. Brewer. Its executive committeemen were Frank M . 1 .amhoi n. .] . \l. De.^e, W. H. Dickson, J. G. Dick.son, T. J. Fleetwood, C. H. Grinnell. C. W. Morrill. .1. W . Hill. II. G. Rowland, Doctor .Tames. P. C. KaufmaiL Au<>. \'on lioeeklin. .1. n. Williams, Doetor Hill. F. D. Xash, \j. G, Patullo, .Swan Samson, .Jesse (). Thomas, H. P. Alexander, B. K. Buekmaster,

22;{

224 HISTORY OF TACOMA

D. I. Cornell, H. S. Crouch, Charles E. Cutter, H. J. Doten, D. Eshelnian, J. J. Mc:Millan, H. E. O'Xeal, F. L. Stockmg, Roy E. Thompson, J. L. Todd and O. C. Whitney.

The "Boosters" did a fine work in refreshing community sjjirit. It stationed agents in Ellensburg, Everett, and other towns, to give out Tacoma literature. It held a banquet in the armory, attended by 1,997 persons, at which ^Vill H. Thompson delivered a remarkable oration on Lincoln. It offered a prize for the best Tacoma slogan, and Atty. Van "Si. Dowd won it with "Watch Tacoma Grow." The club made a memorable trip to the exposition in Portland in 100.3, taking Troojj B along to lead the procession and by special arrangements with the railroad com- pany the train upon which the "Boosters" travelled was run through Portland's down-town streets. About eighteen hundred Tacomans went on this trip.

The "Watch Tacoma GroAv" slogan became nationally fa- mous. John Blauw, who was the city's i)ul)licity agent at the Portland Exi^osition, and who made a distinct success of the work, had the "Boosters" at his back all the time. The city's slogan was printed in enormous letters near the fair ground and at night was brilliantly lighted by electricity. It attracted wide attention, much praise and some criticism. Prof. Charles Zeubliu said in a lecture recently that Tacoma had done one of the most foolish things as well as one of the most notable. He referred to the "Watch Tacoma Grow" slogan and the Tacoma Stadium. Nevertheless, the slogah was valuable in its day. Certainly its attractive power was far greater than its repelling effects.

The cornerstone of the handsome Pythian Temple, on Broad- way, was laid July 31, 1906, by Grand Chancellor H. D. Cooley, of Everett, assisted by Governor Albert E. JNIead, grand vice chancellor Orno Strong of Tacoma, Grand INIaster of the Ex- chequer Ben Havei'kanqj of Tacoma, and others. George W. Russell was then chancellor of Commencement Lodge. The building, which cost $50,000, was dedicated ]May 21, 1907. The Grand Lodge of Washington was in session here at the time. Fremont Campbell delivered the address. The trustees were Ben Haverkamp, George Race and John ]M. Hays.

The city election of 190G brought forward as candidates for

if;

The Cn-:i Taken from (lie Northern Pacific tracks just east of the city waterway. As late as 1885 the camera

The Manii it

The Mi In 1872 the towusite was covered with timber and bru

irty Yi;irs

Id li.ivo sliowii little except tlie Tiiconia Hotel, a few cottages and the old Northern Pacific shops.

t laciinia

Years

iKiridw and little used trails running through tho tangle

TV		-1
J:!;;.		1
as:		(
TiJ.i.:... . ,„	■ . .. 1 . ...■o
B	L

IIISTOKV OF T A COMA 225

mayor Robert L. McCorniick, of the Weyerhaeuser Timber Com- pany; George P. Wriglit, thf iiiciinibent ; and .loliii Ilartiiiaii on the municipal ownersliip ticket. Ilartiiian received 2.03.'$ votes. Wri^dit was rc-clcctcd by a vote of y,(i97 to 3,402, after a vig- orous campaign in whicii l)()th sides spent large sums of money. INIcCormick's inexperieTice in city politics proved very expensive. The campaign cost liim nnl j'ar I'min tliiity tliimsaiid dollars, and he was defeated l)y a lie. At the last nionKrit some political genius starteil the story that his aim in l)eing elected was to bot- tle >ip the city against the coming of new railroads. As if he could! .\^ if he would, with millions of feet of lunibei- to sell to the railroads and a ivwc aifeetion I'or Tacoiiia and its wcil'ai-e. It takes a political campaign to bring to the surface the childish credulity of the race. If some individuals in this commimity had the power ascribed to them i)y the unthinking our serfdom indeed would be complete! John V. Meads was elected controller and llay F. Frccland treasurer.

Wright's administration was characteri/ed by large public improvinu iits. Miles of pavements and sidewalks were laid. Extensive im|)rovements in the water and sewer systems were carried out, and in general the city gained in a material way. The automobile was just beginning to exercise its powerful intlu- ence in behalf of better roads. ^Vright, forceful and adroit in his movements, steadily carried betterments forward.

April 7, 1008, John W. Linck, republican, was elected to succeed Mayor George P. Wright. The campaign was sharply contested. Having served two lei-ms Wright had accpiircd the enmities tiiat usually attend an extended tenure. 1 1 is record was assailed from all (juarters, and it was charged that under his ad- ministration there liad lieen .shad\- transactions in paving. The name nt' (leorge Milton Savage was brought into this. Harvey .lolmson Iiaving alleged that tlirough a keyhole of Savage's office he had heard an offer sul)mitte(l to Savage by an agent of the "Wright administration. This matter I)eeame the subject of a grand jwvy investigation and nothing came of it. Savage main- taint'd a silence wiiieh the pnl)lir misunderstood. C. M. Hidiicll. who vei'y ably .serv'ed as city attorney, made a careful ln(|niry into this matter and his eoneiusion was favorable to Wright. Linck

226 HISTORY OF TACOMA

defeated Wright by a vote of 6,840 to -4,799. Linck, aii old sol- dier, vivid orator, student of literature and art, and a sculptor of no mean abilities, Avas no sooner in the mayor's chair than he became the victim of a political cabal in the council that mis- treated him shamefully and nullified most of his attempts at for- warding the jjublic interests. Linck is a man of ideals and no doubt his administration would have been far more successful but for the councilmanic cliild's play.

The University Club was organized in the fall of 1906, and was incorporated September 29th of that year. Its lirst president was the Right Rev. Bishop F. W. Keator, who from the day of his coming to Tacoma has been one of its most notable figures. The other officers were: R. G. Hudson, vice president; B. "SI. Wright, secretary, who was soon succeeded by E. JNI. Card: Herbert S. Griggs, treasurer. Its first trustees Mere Henry Ives, J. H. Williams, Robert .AI. Davis, E. C. Wheeler. Robert G. Walker, J. J. Dempsey, John W. McFadon. and the officers. The club took the Isaac W. Anderson home as a club house and occujiied it until 191.5 when it removed to the more commodious Nelson Ben- nett ^Mansion.

CHAPTER LXXX

1907 — TRIAL OF CHESTEIl THOMPSON FOR EMORY MURDER — father's tribute to UE^VD 3IAX — ENDLESS ARRAY OF AVIT- NESSES — VANCE'S CAUSTIC ARGUMENT — THOMPSON'S SCATHING REPLY — HIS WONDERFUL WORD PICTURES — HIS DEMAND FOR A ATERDICT — "for GOD's SAKE MAKE A VERDICT AND MAKE IT now!" he CRIES — JURY ACQUITS — CHESTER NOW IN MEDICAL UlKE ASYLUM.

The fifty-niiif days beginning with December G, 190G, and ending \\ith l''e])niary 2, 1907, will always be memorable in Tacoma as ha\ iiig Incii thi' !)t-ri(i(l (if the iiiosl ri-inarkable legal battle and eriniinal trial that the rarilir Northwest has ever known, or is ever likely to know. This was the trial of Chester Thompson, then a boy twenty-one years of age. for the mnrder of former Judge George Meade Kniory of Seattle, transferi-ed to the Pierce County courts on a change of venue from King County. Out of it. bringing to a supreme climax its many uniiMial. startling features, and fairly overwhelming the throngs that jaiimied tlic coiii-t room day after day, was evolved an address to tlie jury thai lias btcome a classic in legal history — the wonderful plea of Will II. Thom])son in behalf of his son.

Tacoma was only casually interested \\ hen the news came on July 7, 1900, that Judge Emory had incn shot down in his own lioiiic l)y voung Thompson. There was no mystery in the case. The facts seem to be plain, as told in the newspapers. The boy was wildly infatuated with Miss Charlotte Whittlesey, niece of .Judge Emory, and when the latter refu.sed to call the girl to the telephone to talU to Chester, the latter armed himself with a revolver and went to the Emory home. A.sking "Where's Char- lotte?" he ran into the house and Judge Emory followed. Shots

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rang out and Emory fell from wounds that proved fatal two days later. It seemed the most wanton of killings, and as Seattle had been stirred by a singular number of similar homicides, the youth was rushed through a mob to jail only with difficulty, and there was a powerful sentiment against him.

Rumors of strange conduct on his part coming up immedi- ately, a great newspaper took up the cry that this "nmrderer must not escape on the grounds of insanity." It was at a time when insanity was being made the defense for Harry Thaw in New York, and in this state for young Sidney Sloane, who killed his father in Spokane; for George IVIitchell, who killed Joshua Creffield in Seattle, and for Esther IMitchell, who, in turn, killed her brother. There was sympathy for Will H. Thompson, the father, wlio was widely known as an attorney, author and orator ; for the mother, who lay dying in the home, ignorant of her son's predicament, and for two brothers, ]Maurice and Oscar Thompson, but little or none for the accused youth in the King County jail.

Then the public began to get the measure of Will H. Thomp- son. At a meeting of lawyers to honor Judge Emory's memory, he had the courage to go and pay sorrowful tribute. His words stirred his hearers to tears as he closed, saying:

"If there were one and but one lingering ray of light in my darkened and silenced home I would give it to illumine the hearts of the widowed wife and the orphaned children of this man who has passed from us, though I and mine should sit in darkness while ever life should last."

It began to be realized that this father's fight for his son's life would not be an ordinary one.

Setting forth prejudice in his own community. Attorney Thompson had the case transferred to the Pierce County courts. On December 6th the trial began before Judge W. H. Snell, with more than one hundred witnesses subpoenaed. One Meek was consumed in selecting a jury, which, when sworn on Decem- ber 13th, consisted of the following Pierce County residents: George Grieb, F. T. Spottswood, J. H. Benston, John M. Cronan, W. S. Peacock, John L. Reese, Harry Graham, Walter Scott, William Watson, F. B. Hoyt, W. A. Porter and Charles Vogel. Hoyt was chosen foreman.

HISTORY OF TACOMA 229

Tlie array of legal talent was an imposing one. King County was represented by Kenneth ^Mackintosh, prosecuting attorney, later jiuigc, and his dtputy, John F. MilU-r, afterward mayor of Seattle. .\.s>>istiiig tlie |)r()sccuti()ii wctl- Waller M. Harvey, tlien deputy prosecutor of I'ierce Comity, and Tliomas Vance of 01ynii)ia, who entered the case without comi)ensati()n because of his long friendship for tlie J"],inory lamily. Will II. Thompson, long considered one of the ablest lawyers of Washington and for several years western attorney for the Great Northern Railway, headed the defense, assisted I)y W. II. INIorris and S. M. Shipley, tlie former known as one of the states most successful criminal lawyers and the latter a legal expert on (juestions of insanity. The defense admitted IVoiii tlie start that insanity would he the defen.se. Attorney Thompson even offered to furnish the prose- cution with the names of his witnesses many weeks before the trial began.

In the court room were a do/.en or more distinguished alienists called ])v both sides to study the case and the defendant, who, tlii'diiglinnt tlic- right weeks of tlie ti'ial, sat with his eyes on the carpet, seemingly oblivious to all that wmt on.

The prosecution's opening statement reciting the cold facts of the homicide disposed of, the defense brought forth tlie first of the surprises of the keen legal battle. Attorney Thompson made his statement of his case at once, without waiting for the prosecution's direct evidence. It was a sim|)le, intensely personal outline (if all that had taken place in his family I'nv years before the murder; iiow Chester, wiio iiad been unusually bright as a child, withdrew from others and would not ])lay with them: how, after ranking liigli in his high school classes, he found himself utterly unable to do work at tlie university; how he began to say that his life was ruined because of .some work that had been done on his teeth: Imw lie refused to eat with ntiur members of the family or scarcely to speak to them: Imw he began to walk abroad at night until dawn: and to talk ont of his window seemingly to no one; how his infatuation I'or the Whittlesey girl elianged to a sort of idolatry and he began to say that unknown persecutors were kee])ing him from lur: an endless ari'ay of earmarks of abnor- mality, dovetailed into soirowful glim])ses of a liome where the

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230 HISTORY OF TACOMA

mother was dying and where defeat seemed to have come at every turn for the father. It was a recital that deeply impressed and quickened sympathies. Consequently, when the prosecution put on its witnesses to tell the details of the actual homicide, the jurors and the court room crowds saw the tragedy in tlie softened and melancholy light of all that the father had pictured. The shock of the state's case was gone.

Then came a seemingly endless string of defense witnesses, day after day, week after week, who made an open book of the boy's life and who. piece by piece, detail by detail, substantiated all that the father had said, showing beyond doubt that the j^outh was mentally abnormal, and of a gentle, unoffending nature, but leaving in doubt whether he was possessed of delusions so power- ful that he did not know right from wrong. The father himself was three days on the witness stand, sometimes leaving it to argiie as attorney over the admissibility of points in his own testimony objected to by the state. Neighbors, family servants, street car men, schoolmates, occasional acquaintances, merchants Avith whom Chester had traded, teachers, everyone, it seemed, with wlioni lie had come in contact, testified to peculiarities — some trivial, ^.ome tending to show the ideas of persecution common in paranoidal forms of insanity.

jNIany medical experts were called, mostly to answer stagger- ingly long hypothetical questions, by wliich tliey said Chester Thompson was insane or wasn't insane, according to what was included or omitted in the questions. The jurors evidently grew very tired of this and admitted afterward that what the physicians said jjlayed no part in their verdict.

Testimony was completed on January 27th, and Attorney Vance made a caustic argument for the state, flaying the defense theory and assailing the truth of its witnesses. Attorney Thomp- son's failure to place his son in an asylum, if he believed what lie had testified to, was particularly attacked.

Then "Old JNIan" Thompson, as they called him at the court- house, got into action. Everything else in the trial shriveled into insignificance beside the wonderful argument he l^egan on the morning of January 31st. Words of singular emotional power leaped from his lips, and stirring figures of speech piled one on

IIISTOUY OF TACOMA 231

another in amazing pictures of the gloom and sorrow of his home and tlic mental martyrdom of his son. There were no dry eyes. Some who heard grew hysterical and cries .of "dont" or "sto])" punctuated dramatic pauses in his fiery ap|)cal. .Men who thought tiicy did not know how to weep wept. J urors and judge wept. Newspapermen scratclied away on their copy jjaper with tears blotting out what they wrote.

'^h(Ulil)^(ln liad lieen a Confederate soldier. He had fought witli (Jordnii all aiiiiind Hit'iimond in the tcri-ihle days closing the great Civil war. In tlie jin-y box sat one or two ex-Union soldiers, and these his assisting counsel had asked him to chal- lenge. He had refused. Near the opening of his argument he told the jury these facts. But he said he had no fear of m justice IVdiii an\' man \sliii had lict ii hi-a\c enough to face tiie' hell of the Hichmond tienches, and in a i'l-w woi-ds lie tiien ])ictnred an impetuous federal chai-ge that had run down (iordon's men, him- self among tliem — a charge so fierce that it left the Confederate line in the dust, demolished. His climax thrilled every one in the jiac-kiil eiinrl room. Tears trickled I'rom the eyes of the Union veterans.

There were ninments as terrible as other moments were sad. Whirling on Attorney Vance the father cried out:

"When you are in a wood and a ten-ihle storm overtakes you; when the huge trees are np-fhmg from thi' earth and crash on all sides of you; wIk n the lightning ])lays and the thunder peals, you do not notice the buzzing of gnats and mos(iuitoes. After what I ha\c lioine. after what I iia\e had to go through, after the sorrow which has licen mine, after what I have suffered, the attacks of llic altorncy for the state, saying I lied, jiass me with- out harm. Crack your litth' wiii|)! Crack your little whip across my mangled shoulders if yon \vill 1 can hear it! If the whi|ilash of Vance's tongue was all I had to feai': if that was tile (iidy sliaddw across tlu' path of the rntiirc I should he the ha|)|iicst man alive!"

He likened his son's brain to a violin siring. "It was tightly drawn. So long as no harsii hand was drawn across it. so long as it was carefullv touched, it "ave forth a sound of melodv. But

232 HISTORY OF TACOMA

when came fever, when came a great, overmastering, impassioned love, the string snajiped. The reason vanished ; that was all."

"Death," he cried. "Do you think 1 fear death! Do you tliink the darkened mind of my son bruuds on the sting of deaths Were I to go to him now and tell him we two had to die, we both would face it unflinchingly. It is not death, it is dishonor we combat!"

In his appeal to the jury not to disagree he begged:

"If the sun has to set, let it go down nov/! If you are going to strike, strike now ! I can bear the l)low. Do not falter. For God Almighty's sake make a verdict and make it now! I can not go through this again."

With all of this emotionalism, sweeping, as it did, everything before it, there was a continually recurrent marshaling of the facts as adduced by the testimony; the lawyer was always at the father's elbow, and an eternal "Why?" cracked out as he dealt with the state's surmises to show that even by its own attempts to explain the boy's conduct they admitted his abnormality.

When he concluded, on the evening of February 1st, it seemed certain that he had won his case, the fee of which was his son's life. The next morning Attorney ^Mackintosh made an able closing argiunent for the state and at •4:40 in tlie afternoon of February 2d the case went to the jury. Two ballots were taken and at 9:40 that night a verdict of "not guilty by reason of insan- ity" was given. Everywhere the verdict was received with ap- proval and applause, not so much through sympathy for the unfortunate youth as for the heroic father who had won his fight.

Chester Thom])son subse(juently was committed to the insane ward at Walla AValla and though released on June 13, 1908, after a jury trial and on tlie recommendation of the prison physician, he was subsequently recommitted to the ^ledical Lake Hospital near Spokane to which he went without a guard, giving himself up to the superintendent and telling him that he had come there for treatment. He is there now. According to hospital pliysi- cians his case later developed into a typical one of paranoidal insanity and it appears that had the Emory tragedy come later, instead of when the youth's delusions were comparatively hidden, the famous trial never would have been necessary at all.

CHAPTER LXXXl

1908-1(1 iiiii.DiNc; or thk aumohv — lots givkx bv trrizENS —

THKODOUK HOSMKK's DEATH OKGANIZATION Ol' AKT LEAGUE

INCEKSOLL .AIADE VICE I'KESIDENT OV ^rIL^\'AUKEE KAILKOAU

DEATH OE fONGKESSMAN CUSH-AIAN HIS AVH.L ORGANIZA- TION OE KOTAKV CLUB — Y, M. C. A. BUILDING EKECTED.

Tile contract I'm- \hv ainiory was sif^ned INIay 30, 190S. aiu] construction was begun the same day. Tlic Ijuilding was com- pleted December 1st, before the expiration of the contract period and the ai)i)roi)riation of $95,000 was not entirely consumed. On Xew Year's Day, 1909. the structure was dedicated by Governor Albert E. Mead and was opened to the public with a iiiililai-y ball. The lots upon w liicli it is situated were niveii by the citizens on condition that the building slunild lie usid I'or public gather- ings. About three years ago the restrictions laid down by the war dej)artiuent in Washington became .so rigid that the state military authorities were obliged to close to the public all armo- ries in the .state. The main drill hall in the Tacoma ainiory is 100 feet by i;{8 feet and its cavalry drill ball is (50 feet by 100 feet.

'riii-odore Ilosnier died January '28. 1900. naming his son. .Alexander T.. now a resident of Tacoma, the executor and sole heir of iiis will. Tbc will provided that at the son's death what- ever estate is left shall yn to the parish of Grace C'limch. San- dusky. Ohio. The will also left $1,000 to be used in caring for the grave in .Sandusky. Ohio, it provides that the grass shall be cut short in summer and the ground kept smooth and even: that a good su])i)ly of flowers in sjjring. summer and autunui .shall be kept in bloom. Mr. Ilosmer was lifty-tiiree years of age and lel't considerable projjerty.

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234 HISTORV OF TACOMA

Somewhere in the late '80s an art league was formed in Ta- coma by ]Mrs. Samnel Slaughter. It held but one exhibit and per- ished. Kecognizing the need of an organization to further art interests and to foster an art interest in our growing city a few artists and art lovers organized the Tacoma Art League, which has been a very successful organization, holding annual exhibi- tions which are attended by thousands of visitors. It is the hope of th.e members ultimately to have a permanent art gallery and collection in Tacoma.

The league was formed October "28, 1908, at the Tacoma Hotel. The tirst officers were: R. F. Mead, president; Arnold S. Constable, treasurer; C. H. Bush, vice president; INlrs. Julia A. Tabor, director; and Miss INlarie Carey Druse, secretary. Its later presidents have been W. W. Seymour, Dr. F. W. South- worth, and Rev. ^'ictor ]Morgan. ]\Irs. Alice D. Engley Beek is the leading member of the organization in point of brilliancy of work. Her paintings have had a wide vogue, and her lectures before various organizations have been an inspiration to many ])ersons. Other members of the organization are: Mrs. Etta A. S. INIorris, JNIrs. Ella Eouise Mead, INIrs. Sadie V. Wade, INIiss Estelle Avriette, Miss ]Mary A. INIills, Miss Marietta S. Erecken- ridge. Miss Alice Taylor ]\Iills, Mrs. Thomas Spurgeon, Mrs. Mamie McLeod, INIrs. Ida G. CuUey, Mrs. A. J. L. Isaacs, Mrs. Frances E. Crandall, INIrs. John Clay, Mrs. J. F. Ruddock, Mrs. Sadie Davis Reynolds, Mrs. INIay Plummer York, INIrs. M. Fulton, L. A. White, J. M. Baker, JNIiss Mary Remy, INIiss Mamie F. Watson, ]NIrs. Ada L. Sweetland, J. P. Sparmon, Arnott Woodroofe, INIrs. Elizabeth M. Mullen, T. C. Harmer. The league's recent exhibits have been held on the commodious floors of the Horgan-Parker Company's store and have attracted wide attention. A painter who has made a specialty of JNIoiuit Ta- coma pictures and whose work has won much admiration is INIrs. J. N. Bradley.

The appointment of A. JNI. IngersoU as vice president of the Chicago, INIilwaukee & Puget Sound Railway in September, 1908. was an acceptable token to the community that the railroad's terminal had indeed been tied to Tacoma. INIr. IngersoU was one of the pioneer wheat shippers of tlie Northwest and his appoint-

If

iil^i4* I I ||l||

U'll

PTATK ARMORY Tiiwcr of tlic I'Oiirtliotiso sluiwiiif; in the hackKroiind

HISTOin' Ol" '1".\( O.MA 235

meiit was won partly llirouyli a Ioiil;' riiciulsliip with I'rcsuleiit Earliiij^', I)iit mure hec-uisc of his extensive knowledge of North- west eonditioiis. In Iionor of his apjjointnient a dinner was ^iveii in the I'nion C'hih. at whieh the decorations were unusual. In the center of tlic talilc was a repliea in miniature of .\ronnt Taeoma. A tiny engine liaiilcd a tram of orange-red .Milwaukee cars about the table.

The death of Congressman Francis W. Cushman .luly (!, 190i), at the age of forty-two, was deeply mourned in Taeoma. He had served in the Fifty-sixth, Fil'ty-seventh, Fifty-eighth, Fifty-ninth and Sixtieth congresses and died in tlu haiiuss. He passed away in Washington, D. C, after a brief illness. Ilis body was brought to Taconia for burial and thousands of persons in various ways paid tribute to his memory.

C'ushman's will disposed of .$;$(), ()()() worth of property. It had l)een written July '27, VMV.i. It follows: 'T direct that all my books, |)apers. pictures and keepsakes be divided between my beloved mother, Mrs. Klizabeth I,. Cushman, and my brother, Edward K., and my wife, Mrs. Francis W. Cu.shman, said divi- sion to be made by them and of their own agreement, immediately after my death. .After said division aforesaid of keepsakes I give, will and beciueath all my real and i)ersonal property remain- ing^ to my mother, ^Irs. Elizabeth L. Cushman. and my wife, Mrs. Francis ^\'. Cushman, to b^' di\i(I((l ecpially at my death between them."

An event that has had a marked influence on ])ublic affairs was the organization I"'el)ruary 2. 11)10, in the Taeoma Hotel, of the Taeoma Rotary Club. Its thirteen charter members were Ilany I'lliitii r. L. IC Walker, Carl Stebbins. Charles Spimiing, George Keep, C. S. N'anlii imdl. Dcliu it .\. ^'oung, M. E. Sin- clair, .\. 1'. Merrill. .M. V. i'olter, William C. Stianis, Frank ^lellugh and ( ). .F. .Miller. Its preseiit membeiship is 1(;2, with a waiting list. Its presidents have been Hari-y I'ellitier, W. Carr ]Moiinw. IJalpli II. Clai-ke, Edward H. King. H. E. Robinson and .\. II. Hassett. and its |)resent able leader is Ralph II. Shaffer. Its princi])al aeliie\ement has been the formation of the I'ieree County Kiir;il I )(\(lii|)ni(iil .Kssociatmn. tlic purpose of \\liich is to tii;iiilc tariiirrs to lni\ bl led stock oil reasonable

236 HISTORY OF TACOMA

and easy terms. Tliis already is i^roducing excellent results. The Rotary Club's loyalty to the city's interests, its willingness to assist other bodies engaged in conununity endeavor, and its good fellowship are characteristics that cause much comment. It seems not to be actuated in any movement by envy of other organizations nor by a foolish rivalry. Its open forum has dis- cussed practically every question of public interest, and it always has been ready to do its share, whether in a charity campaign, a beautitication movement or a trade excursion. l*i-esident Shaffer and Secretary George B. Woodbridge recently attended the na- tional convention of Rotary clubs in Cincinnati and exhibited there to admiring crowds a miniature of JNIount Tacoma, and they brought home with them the prize for the club sending dele- gates from the greatest distance. Alex. R. ^NlacLean is the vice president; A. J. Ritchie, treasurer: S. C. Armstrong, Charles E. Buckley, \^'^alter Leuenberger, J. Harry Weer and Samuel Wil- son, directors.

Up to 1894 the Y. ]M. C. A., which had been organized in 1883, occupied rented quarters, but now it had raised a large sum of money and took a building on the lower side of St. Helens Avenue, between Eighth and Ninth streets. There it prospered, and indeed soon outgrew its quarters. But it was to wait until 1910 for its handsome structure at St. Helens Avenue and INIar- ket Street, costing in all $180,000. The organization now has a membership of 770 men and 264 boys. F. C. Downs is the gen- eral secretary, with J. F. Grieves and C. G. Raymond as his assistants; E. H. Burwell in charge of boys' work; I. W. I^ari- more, physical director; and E. F. Lantz, membership and em- i:)loyment. Heroic and successful work in behalf of this indis- pensable institution has been done in recent months by its trustees and finance committeemen: C. H. Jones, H. A. Rhodes, Ralph S. Stacy, E. G. Griggs, E. F. JNIessinger, Henry Longstreth, Alex R. :MacLean, A. G. Prichard, W. B. Hawthorne, H. E. Warren, H. L. Brown, Swan Samson, L. J. Brown, E. A. Rich, S. E. Hill, Jos. L. Carman, T. E. Ripley, George S. Long, George H. Stone, W. L. IMcCormick, A. Von Boecklin.

CHAPTER LXXXII

1909 — CITY COMMISSION FORM OF GOVERN5IEXT ADOPTED SM^VLL

VOTE CAST THE CHARTER FKAMERS FAWCETT IS ELECTED

MAYOR IX LANDSLIDE VOTE — EFFECTS OF DIRECT PRIM^UtY AND OTHER ULTRA-MODEKX METHODS — BUYING OF MUNICIPAL DOCK FRANK E. DAY TUK I'HIMI. MOVER HOW IT WAS ACCOM- PLISHED BUILDING OF ELEVENTH STREET BRIDGE — CAR LINE

TO TIDEFLATS— SEYMOUR AND STILES WORK OUT SOLUTION — HENRY RHODES I'EUSX'AnES STONE & AVEBSTER :\IANAGEMF.NT.

Pdlitical (]{)0(llel)ii<>isiii in the city (■(Hiiiril. inisdirection, iii- (lircctiiiii. niiiKirs ol" c'()iTii|)ti(iii most ol' wliicli wtTc false l)ut sonn' (if tlieiii true, and tlu- sceiniii^- sucfcss wliic-li other cities liad met by ado])tin<4- the coinmissioii form of government l)rou<»lit the matter u]) in Taeoma at an election October 10, 1909, after a long discnssion. lint there was little opposition from any direc- tion to the proposed change. That may acconnt for the wretch- edly small \()te cast. Out of a registration of about 12.000, 4,.>.'J4 went to the ])olls: .'{,.).'J2 votes were cast for the change and 1.00'i against. The charter framers were: Henry A. Rhodes; H. J. McCiregor: Attorney K. D. Hodge; Attorney Overton G. Ellis, now on the supreme bench of this state; Calvin S. Barlow; Frank M. liamborn; Ernest leister, now governor of the state; Rev. Hai'i-y R. HendUy, al'tcrward an excellent member of the school boai'd an<l i( ci nllv diceased: Rev. O. L. Fowler: Dr. S. M. LeCrone, for years a leader of the radical elenicnt and recently deceased; P. C. Kaufman, a prominent banker and able man. Jiow dead; E. P. Savage, a former governor of Nebraska; ..V. I . Mills, afterward commissioner of pul)lic safety; C. D. Rail, and Attor- ney O. O. McLane. For weeks this committee worked with great fidelitx uixiii the task of j)re])aring a charter.

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238 HISTORY OF TACOMA

At the first election under the new charter, April 19, 1910, A. y. Fa\\cett won the mayoralty in the primary with 6,630 votes, on an "open town" platform. The business element had tried to unite on S. R. Balkwill. He received 1,172 votes. Other figm-es were: Johnson Armstrong, 1,164.; Charles D. Atkins, 1,099; John M. Bell, 533; E. A. Lynn, 1,192; James A. Sproule, 528. At the final election Nicholas Lawson was elected com- missioner with 8,109 votes; Ray Freeland, 7,122; L. W. Roys, 6,491; Owen Woods, (),374.. John F. ^Nleads defeated A. J. Weisbach for controller by 5,631 to 5,365. Lawson became com- missioner of light and water; Freeland, commissioner of finance; Roys, commissioner of safety; Woods, commissioner of public works.

After the election Fawcett gave out an interview in Avhich he said that if the council had treated him properly in regard to a fountain which he had given to the city he would not have been a candidate. The fountain in question was placed at the point between Broadway and St. Helens Avenue, at Ninth Street. Afterward it was moved to Firemen's Park. While the com- munity appreciated the spirit that gave it artists have not highly commended its design.

Now and then through many years the question .of bringing the mos(iuito fleet dock closer to the business section had been agi- tated. By a few this mo\'ement was opposed on the ground that the greater the convenience of reaching Seattle the more trade Tacoma would lose. In 1002 the competition caused by the opening of the interurban line up the valley and to Seattle aroused some of the shipping men to demand better facilities. But the movement received no definite impetus until 1910. One day a customer of the Shull-Day Company complained in language improperly strong of the wretched car service to the Flyfer dock and the long walk uptown, and he declared that if improvement was not made he and others would no longer come to Tacoma to trade. Frank E. Day determined to take the matter up for correction. He went over to see E. R. Rogers. They discussed it and walked down to the waterfront. On their return they called on Alvin V. Love of the Love-Warren-lNIonroe Company. The three men decided to organize a "dock committee" of ten men and

TTISTOHV OF TACOMA 2.J'J

then and there they picked the ten men. They were E. 11. Rogers, Frank F. Day. Ah in V. l.ove, Charles II. Hyde, F. S.

Ilarnion. K. S. ^■()un,l>■l()ve, Charles II. (irinnell. FL. F. Mcssinocr, Ciustaf Lin(ll)ci\y and .M. G. A. DuBnisson.

This committee prepared a petition asking the mayor and eity c'liniK-ii t(i place heforc tiic pi(ii)lc the question of issuing honds for the piir|)(isc 111' Inlying all llic ground now owned hy the eily from Fifteenth Street northward. This petition included a demand for a new hridge across the city waterway at Eleventh Street, and a liiidge across the Puyallup Hiver. The petition was circulated iniiiiediately and in roity-ciglit liouis they had l.'H signers. According to Dim and IJradstreet the wealth hehind these 131 persons and firms was from tliirt\- to forty million dol- lars.

Mayor Fawcett immediately incorporated the petition in a statement to the council which acted f'avorahly. The committee never stopped until the hond issue was carried. The niemhcrs visited various parts i)\' the city, passing out literature and talking with iiilliHiitial |)ersoiis, and making a s])ecial appeal to the work- ing people, who hecame interested especially in a waterway hridge because it promised to give car service for which the emi)loyecs on the tidetlats had hecn ai)])ealing for nearly thirty years. That conunittec of ten performed one of the finest examples of strenu- ous team wdik ever seen in Taconia.

The new municipal dock at Eleventh Street was opened in January, 1!)11. Its cost was $270,8.)(), and $;31.r)()9 immediately was sjient in hetterments.

A long wrangle ])recede(l the huilding of the J'Mevcnth Street l)ri(lge. The old one had not yet heen ])i\'h\ for. There was much argument in defense of its ])rol)al)le ahility to stand for a few more years, though shipping interests condenuied it as dan- gerous. AVhether to Imild a "jack-knife" lift or ordinary draw hridge was threshed out in all forums, the council finally determin- ing on a "lift." To Owen Woods lielongs the cicdit of finally bringing about the decisiou in favor of a lift bridge. From the begiiuiiiig lie faxorcd it. and his insistence filially wmi. T'lcre followed a controversv ovei- the widtii of the bridge at its western end. and the s(|uabb|ing over imaginary misdeeds that usu illy

240 IIISTOKY OF TACOMA

accompany large municipal enterprises. One of the ludicrous phases of this was the charge that S. A. Perkins' demands would put a "hump" in the west approach of the bridge. The engineers disposed of this canard. The bridge contract was let to the International Contract Company, with Waddell & Harrington, of Kansas City, as the engineers. The cost was $560,000. It was dedicated February 1.5, 1913. The length of the bridge is 2,100 feet ; length, including approaches, 3.000 feet. The length of the lift span is 200 feet and it weiglis 800 tons.

Then arose the (juestion of a car line across the new structure. There was a strong element in favor of city ownership of the line, though it was shown that such an enterprise could not pay. There were advocates of an omnibus line, municipally owned. The matter finally went before the people to decide whether to issue bonds to build the line. The voters defeated the bond issue, but favored building tlie line. The question of transfers entered into the discussion, opponents of municipal ownership pointing to the desiraliility of T. K. & P. ownership so tliat a five-cent fare with transfers could be assured. The city charter seemed to be a bar to private ownership of tracks on the bridge. ]Mayor W. W. Seymour studied over the question day after day. He saAv the danger of municipal operation and the desirability of T. R. & P. operation, but the T. R. & P. officials would not build the line. He and City Attorney Stiles finally worked out what seemed to promise solution. It embraced a plan for the city to build the line and the T. R. & P. to provide cars, power and crcAvs, the city to receive pecuniary returns when the traffic makes it possible. Upon this basis bonds were sold to build tlie line, which cost about $85,000. Befoi-e this, however, the task of persuading the T. R. & P. Company to share its proportion of the burden had to be performed. The local officials Avere obdurate in their opposition. Their eastern superiors were no more favoralily impressed with it. Henry Rhodes was in New York and President George IMilton Savage of the Commercial Club wired to him to go to Boston and consult the Stone & Webster management. He did so, won their approval and the desired end was achieved. In the spring of 1916 tlie city began to realize a profit on the line. Its financial success came years before it was expected.

CIIAPTKK I.XXXlli

1909 DEATHS OX MOINT TACOMA — t'AI.I.AC; 1 1 AN AND STEVTiNS

LOST — LEIGH GAKUE'ri" DISAPPEARS ON WEST SIDE (1910) — JIISS

HUNT KILLED OX PIXXACI.E PEAK (1912) GEORGE lUAXCIS

OKDWAY AXI) I?. \V. I T.IUU'SOX LOSE TIILIK LIVES IX 191.5.

As has been told elsewhere the fii-st deatli on Mount Taconia was that of Prof. Kdgar McClure in 1898. The next fatality occurred August 14, 1909, when two mkii were engulfed in the wilderness of the vast peak. They were J. F. Callaghan of West Seattle and Joseph \V. Stevens of Trenton, X. J. They had undertaken to ascend without a guide. J. P. Ilirley. started with them hut fell hehiiid liis eonii)anions and finally returned to camp. wliLit' 1r- ie])orted tliat a hli/,/.ard seemed to he raging about till- peak. He had lost sight of C'allaghan and Stevens when a cloud intervened between him and theuL (iuide Josej)h Stampfler and three com])anions started the next morning in search of the meiL but returned exhausted. Jules Stami)rter and a party of four tluii took up the search. They found the staffs and packs of the men ten feet from the crater's edge. It was belie\td that the men had lost their way in tin storm and plunged into a crevasse on White Glacier. The following season a Young Men's Christian Association party found a knapsack that had belonged to one of the men. The search went on for a long time as a $.500 reward had been offered for them alive or dead. Callaghan was fifty years of age and a student of jjliilosophy. Stevens was a contractor.

The next tragedy on the mountain was the death of Ijcigh Garrett, twenty-five years of age, who, in spite of many warniiigs and against the firm advice of P. IJ. Van Trump, attcm])ted to climb tlie ])eak from the southwest side. He was a student in

241

242 HISTOKY OF TACOMA

the Wisconsin Agricultural College and was spending the summer at the Hall Camp in Inthan Henry's. With scant supphes, very light clothing and wearing tennis shoes he left camp at 2 A. M., expecting by daylight to reach a favorable altitude from which he might pass over the great saddle of snow above the Tahoma glaciers. There in 1892 Van Trump and Bayley had made the only ascent from that side in the mountain's history. The youth carried a lantern and anxious friends in camp followed the light until daylight. He disappeared. The Stampflers and others made a diligent search, but no trace of him was found. It is supposed he lost his life in one of the rock chutes which make that side of the mountain dangerous.

The fourth fatal accident occurred on the morning of August 12, 1912, when ]\Iiss Charlotte Hunt, a Seattle school teacher, fell 800 feet to death from a ledge on Pinnacle Peak. Crying "Save me!" she plunged from a rocky ledge a short distance from the summit. She seemed to have been the victim of the un- accountable desire that impels some persons to leap from a height. She was a member of the Young Men's Christian Association party, in charge of Capt. H. R. Carter, which had all but finished a ten-day camping trip in Paradise Valley.

August 19, 191.3, George Francis Ordway, a prominent Bos- ton attorney, was fatally injured between Gibraltar Rock and the Bee Hive when he fell twenty-five feet, liis body striking a jagged stone. He was carried to Reese's Camp on an im- provised stretcher and died there seven hours later.

Breaking off a huge block of ice, nearly ten feet in length and about four feet square, when he picked at the roof of a small ice cave with his alpine stock, B. W. Ferguson, state agent for the Pacific Coast Casualty Company, was crushed to death on August 31, 1915. The guide had cautioned the climbers not to go beyond Timlierline Ridge, while he went back to assist momi- taineers who had fallen to the rear. Ferguson and two others failed to heed the warning. Attracted by a small ice cave in Paradise Glacier, the three entered and the tragedy followed.

ClIATTKlt LXXXn

1910 — BUILDING OF STADIU3I HIGH SCHOOL AND STADIUM — THEY SUCCEED VlI.I.AKn's CHEAT HOTEL DUEAM LAND COMI'ANY SPEXDS $-480,000 ON IJUILDINC. AM) $40,000 ON LAMl. AM)

SCHOOL DISTUICT BUYS .U.L EOU $y-i,.)0() TOUKIST HOTEL 1 IKE

IN 1808 — AHlllITECT EREDERICK HEATH 1 ATIIEK OF SIADIU.M

ITS DIMENSIONS AND COST.

Taconia's yreat stadiiiin was fomplftcd in 1010 at a cost of $1.5!),().*}8.4.(!. It will scat about twcuty-lour thousand persons. It was built l)y public subscriptions, the contributors receiving tickets gf)0(l loi- all pnfoiiiiances i'or five years, and by nioncys |)i(i\ i<ie(l liy []\v treasuiy tA' Seliool District Xo. 10.

liack of this yreat structure lies an interesting- history. It has been told elsewhere how Isaac W. Anderson, on the first Sun(hiy he was in Taconia, saw tiie huid upon which the Stadium Iliyh School stands and tried to buy it. Later he procured it. W. B. Blaekwell had i)ouj<iit adjacent lots at $2.5 each. Ander- son was then a clerk in the raili<iad offices. In later years he was to be tile (hrector. under Vilhird. n\' the building of a great hotel ])ro')eet on tiie ])i'opeity.

In the middle ■80s the Tacoma Hole! was a very busy inslltu- tion. Western travel was becoming more and more popular witli the building of the switchl)ack and the Stampede Tunnel. Alaska boats had l)egun to come to Tacoma. The dutlndk. \'illar(l thought, was for an immense tourist business, and he suggested to Anderson, who had become manager of the Tacoma Land Comi)any. that the c-om])any erect another hotel. .^Vnderson sug- gested a building costing not more llian $."J00.000: it was ap- proved, and Anilcrsdii was instrncUd to suggest sites. Five were under considcratidn : The j)resent stadium site: the site of

24:{

244 HISTOKV OF TACOMA

Gen. James Ashton's residence ; one on Yakima Avenue, between Fifth and Sixth streets; another on Tacoma Avenue, between Fifth and Sixth streets, and the fifth on the corner north of the Tacoma Theater. C. B. Wright, T. F. Oakes and John U. Brookman came west to select the site and they bought the two blocks held by Anderson and Blackwell for $40,000 each, though all the other sites already were owned by the Land Comjiany.

Anderson then had jjlans drawn and took them East. Villard ridiculed them. He said Tacoma must have a better hotel than Portland had. He then placed the work in the hands of a Phila- delj^hia architect who outlined a vast seven-story structure. It was the imderstanding that the Northern Pacific Railroad was to pay half of the $7->0.000 \\hich the hotel was exi^ected to cost. The failure of the railroad threw the whole biu'den on the Land Company, which, beginning the hotel in 1891, sjJent on it about four hundred and eighty thousand dollars. The pressure of hard times st(jpped the work. The vast building was by that time under roof. Its windows were boarded up and in this condition it stood for some time. A mysterious fire was started in it at 7:1.5 P. M., October 11. 1898. and in a few hniu's it was a mass of scarred brick and twisted steel.

It Avas the third costly fire that had visited Tacoma within three weeks. SejJtember 20th the exposition building — the larg- est frame building in the West — burned, and October 1st the woolen mill was destroyed. All were in the hands of Henry Longstreth. Avho had l)een appointed receiver of the Tacoma Land Company the June before. George Kahler discovered the hotel fire. He saw heavy, black smoke coming from the northwest corner of the building. Afteiwai-d lioys said they had seen cans, as of oil in the place. The structure contained a vast amount of building material, housed there for safe keei)ing. The fire started near a stack of 80.000 shingles. Five fire engines fought the blaze but they were helpless. The mains were too small to supply them witli water. In tliirty minutes the whole interior was ablaze, and the reflection was seen in Olympia and Seattle.

In the division of projjerty which took place in the reorganiza- tion of the Land ComiJany and the railroad at the close of the dejiression, the structiu'c fell into the hands of the railroad company.

Pi

lUSTOKV Ol I'AC O.MA 245

The ruins stood about six years, a playj^round for venturesome children. Finally the railroad let a contract to Savage & Scotield to tear it down, and work henan. Some of the facing brick were removed to Missoula, Mont., to \>v used in building a railroad statiiiii. The cimipaiiy inttiidrd to eon\ erl the great building into railroad stations.

The community was deeply disappointed and various nietliods of saving the structure were suggested. Professor Boyer asked Charles Drury if he would suggest to Bishop Karl Cranston the project of begging James J. Hill to give the ruins to the Uni- versity of Puget Sound. The Bishop was not in the mood. He was just till n displeased with the management of the college.

Tile high school, which was using the old Washington College Building, became badly crowded. .Some of the ])ui)ils were in the dark attics. Why would not the old hotel make a fine high school building!' Drury probal)ly is the man who first suggested it, though Conrad Iloska. ^Vlfred Lister niul Iv ]\. IJosling, as they |)assed the i-a/.ing ()|)cfati()ns on their way down town one moi'ii- ing. caught the idea at almost the same time. 'I'hey went to the office of ^V. B. Coffee, then a member of tlie school board, and suggested their plan. Coffee at once called Architect Frederick Heath and asked him if the l)uilding could be converted into a high school. Hoska, leister and Hosling were all ex-members of the school board.

"I'll let you know in an hoiu'." I'eplied Heath.

At 11 A. M. he gave an afhrmative reply and ])y noon of that day the building and grounds had been bought for $.'U,.j()(). Then came an unexpected |)rntest. W. H. vSnell, Judge Stallcuj) and others led a fight against its purcha.se. They believed it to be an extravagance, not only in the price ])aid. I)ut in the amount that would be required to put the building in order. After a bitter controversy and a vigorous contest in the coiirts the sale was verified, and xVrehiteet Heath set a])out drafting plans.

The walls Avere 31 j feet in thickness at the bottom, and 2 feet at tlie tnp. Heatli t'nuiid tli;it liy merely druppiiiL; the joists, the rooms coidd be made desirable for school j)urposes. A force of men was set to pulling out the twisted steel and heaps of a.shes and debris. Heath was opposed in his |)lans and his ideas by

246 HISTORY OF TACOMA

almost every architect and builder in Taconia except George Evans, the contractor who had built the hotel. Heath let twenty- two contracts. jNIany of them were subdivided. It M'as a tre- mendous task. It was predicted by many that Heath's estimate as to the cost of reconstruction — $200,000 — would be exceeded by many thousands, but the excess was only $9,000.

One of the most interesting features of the building, which was completed and ready for jjupils in 1906. is its front step, wliich few notice. It is a monolith, 20 feet in length, 6 feet in width and 16 inches in thickness, and it was cut from a granite boulder which a glacier had brought in ages gone from the mountains of British Columbia and deposited near Fern Hill. To bring tliis great rock to the city required twenty-six horses. The second stej:) was cut from the same great boulder, but it is not as large as the other. The total cost of building, equipment, etc., has been $300,788.18.

As he watched the workmen on the building Heath studied the great gulch west of it — "Old Woman's Gulch." He first thought of it as a playgrounds, but aftci- a while the stadium idea Avas born in his brain. The bottom of the gulch was seven feet below sea level, or 247 feet below the level of E Street. He studied and planned for a year and a half before he made public his dream. He suggested it to the school directors one day. They thought it visionary, but the newspapers advocated it. Soon it was being discussed everywhere, and for the most part with favor. The need of playgrounds was apparent, and the board imdertook to fill the bottom of the gulch by sluicing.

One cold day in the late fall Heath was climbing about among the trees and brush of the gulch's declivitous sides when he ran into the body of a man, hanging to a tree. This incident had con- siderable to do with encouraging public favor in behalf of the gulch's improvement. It brought the unsightliness of the spot more closely to the attention of the school patrons, and the stadium idea grew.

That which gave to it its real impetus was the offer by Attor- ney Herford Fitch and his brother-in-law. Dr. Charles Taylor, to finance the building of the stadium if they could hold the lease for ten years. This met with considerable friendliness, but there

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IIISTOin' OF TACOMA 247

was opposition to liiiiiln^- {)iil)lic property over to jjrivate indi- viduals. A somewhat bitter controversy arose, and out of it grew tlic piililic siilisrii|)ti(iii i(lt:i. A st;i(Iiuni siiliscTijjt ion committee \\a^ lormcd with S. A. IV rkins as t-h:urni;ni. 'l"hc oilier mcm!)cr.s were H. L. McC'ormick. .M . L. C lill"ni(L K. K. Ilorgan. .John Hea, A. L. Sdinniers. Win. C. l^roenkdw . .1 nsliii 1 1 ill and Alfred Lister, secretar\-. 'VUv work of this committee was notable.

To the project the puhhc gave $49, .570.4-2, and the school board ])rovided the remainder. Those who gave $1,000 each were: C. A. Danaber. Hon. 1{. L. ^FcCormick, S. A. Perkins, W. W. Seyniiiin-. t'lKstei- TlKune. .lolin .S. Hakei-, the Chicago. Mil- waukee tV St. Taiil Hailrnail. the (Ji'eat Nortliern Kailway. the

Northern Pacific, the St. I'anI \: Tae a lannlier C'iiin])any, the

Pacific Brewing & ]\lalting Company, the Taconia Kailway & Power Company, the Oregon-Washington Railroad, and the Policemen's ^Vssociatidu of Tacoma. Those who gave $.300 were: The Peoples Store Comjiany. the Stone-Fisher Company, Ileiny 1 1( \\ itt. .Ii'.. William .Fones. Hall'onr-Cinllu'ie Company, the I :ide- ptiident Asphalt l'a\ing C(im|)any. the Sa\ age-Scofield Com- j)any and Petei' Sandlnrg. J{y the saU' of stadium stamjjs $l,l!.-)8.8() was realized.

Heath's plan called for a till of 147 Icet. and 18.3. 000 yards of earth was moved, all by sluicing. Several small houses built by .s(iuatters .stood in the gulch, and some of the occupants were removed with ditlienlty. One woman became hysterical and remained in her but niilil the water, mud and stones poured into her back door. 'I'he bouses were buried. ( )ne of the buildings was a water taid-c that had siipplied some of the railroad buildings below. L. A. Nicholson, civil engineer, was employed by the school authorities to assist Heath in dral'ting the detailed plans and bis sei\ ices wei'c ol' gri;it \ able.

Two-thirds of the circular part of the stadium stands on jiilings. some of which were dri\'en eighty feet and eased in. It is believed they ne\(i- will decay. .Sexcral springs were t'ound. and together they piddnecd a cdnsideiably ibiw of water. These were drained intn a larue |iipe and sal'elv cari'icd .away.

Thedi.stanee from K Street to the level (if the fitid is 100 feet. The width at the open end of the horseshoe is 400 feet. The dis-

248 HISTORY OF TACOMA

tance from the water wall to the opposite end of the field is 379 feet. The field contains 2.6 acres. Five laps around the cinder jiath total a mile. The entire stadium occupies four acres. It long ago yielded in pleasure much more than it cost. It first was used on a large scale by a military tournament given by United States soldiery. The schools have given a calesthenic performance annually, thousands participating. Its perfect acoustics make it desiraljle for musical performances and the appearance in it in July, 1916, of Evan Williams, noted tenor, a chorus of 400 voices and a fine orchestra under John Spargur, was the beginning of a summer music festival plan of great value to Tacoma.

CHAPTER LXXXV

1!>1()-14 U. S. CENSUS KNL-MKKATION I'lKST TOTAL IS AliOUT

10!), 000 — CHARGES OE EKAUl) AKE MADE — SPECIAL AGENTS

SENT NV.MIU.U IS CUT TO HliJi'S TKIAUS AND ACQUITTALS

lOLLOW — ESTIMATED POPULATION NOW 104,000 WOMAN

SUErH^VGE VOTE — PRIMARY ELECTION OF 191"2 — LISTER AND HILLINGS IN THE RACE MONUMENT TO PIONEERS AT PARK- LAND CO.AIPLETION OF CENTRAL SCHOOL BUILDING LINCOLN

HIGH SCHOOL BUILDING CRITICIZED HAS ATTRACTED NA- TIONAL ATIKNTION — A VALUABLE COMMUNITY CENTER

co.MiNi; oL Tin: .iitney — automobile racing — the tacoma

SPEEDWAY.

Guy ]''.. Krlly wa.-. a}>poiiitf(l siii)cr\ isor of tlic' census for what was tlun the second con<?ressional district, inchidin<>- Ta- coma and S(iiilln\rst Wasliiii.ytnii, August l."}. 100!). The eiiimi- eratin<? with 400 cnuiiK-rators in tlu- district began April 1."). 1!)10. Some time before the Tacoma Commercial Chil) aj)- j)()iiitcd a hir<fe committee and organized a bureau to aid in ob- taining a complete count in Tacoma. .Many of the larger busi- ness concerns joined in this woiU. 'i'lu- ctiiitiKiatidn continued for '2.') (ia\s in 'I'acdina and 'M) days in the country disti'icts. The enumerators' re turns were compiled and checked by the govern- ment agents between June 15 and July 1. 1010. The total ])opu- lation shown by these first returns made by the sui)eivisor was never given out, but it is understood they credited Tacoma with a i)f)pulation of from 109,000 to 110,000.

In Augiist, 1010, Special Agent McKenzie of the Census Department at Washington came to Tacoma and made a reeheck of the returns and his report cut Tacoma's total to 100.4.00 i)o])u- lation. In the following December, Special Agent Hunt of the

24!t

250 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Census Department, came and he made a second recheck, with the result that he cut the total population of the city to 83,7-i'3, which later was adopted by the Census Department as the official figure. Mr. Hunt cut off completely the names of railroad construction crews, steamship men, seamen who had been counted as residents, and made other wholesale reductions. Thus over-enthusiasm was subdued with a vengeance. Tacoma undoubtedly had at that time several thousand more than SSjTJ'S, and the severe elimina- tions made bj' the department was believed to be in the nature of a penalty. Trials of those alleged to be guilty of padding followed and acquittals resulted. The Census Bureau's esti- mates now give Tacoma a population of more than 10-i,000.

In the election of November 8, 1910, the amendment (No. 6) proposing to give the vote to women was carried by a large majority. The vote in Tacoma was: For, 3,752; against, 2,470. The total in Pierce County was: For, 5,293; against, 3,345.

The primary election of September 10, 1912, was of unusual interest to Tacoma and vicinity, for the reason that two Tacoma men, Ernest Lister and Orville Billings, were candidates for governor. Lister ran as a democrat and Billings as a conserv- ative republican. The period was characterized by political rad- icalisms, but Billings believed the pendulum to be about ready to swing the other way, and he prepared a platform in which he denounced most of the numerous and exjiensive state commis- sions and likewise most of the ultra modern ideas like equal suf- frage, the initiative and referendum, etc., and 1,G34 votes were cast for him in Pierce County, and more than 20,000 in the state. Lister's vote in the county was 1.123; Hay. who was nominated, 4,844. A. y. Fawcett was a candidate for lieutenant governor, receiving in the county 1,939 first choice votes, and 390 second choice. Louis F. Hart's vote was 2,294 and 647. At the election in November Hay received in Pierce County 6,888 ; Lister, 10,537 : Hodge, progressive, 9,281. Hart, for lieutenant governor, 8,196; Harry H. Collier, 5.829; Govnor Teats, progressive, 11,733.

October 8, 1913, the State Historical Society unveiled a monument, about a mile and a half southeast of Parkland, to mark the last camping place, October 8, 1853, of the party that came over the Naches Pass. There were 171 persons in that

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ASJOK.

TlLDEiN'

ITTSTOin' OF TACOMA 251

famous xKirty, and tlicy traveled in ."{ti wagons. Eighteen mem- bers of the original train were at the unveiling. The large flag dra[)ed over the monument was lifted by George H. Ilimes and William Lane, both of whom had crossed the Pass in '53. Kev. Kdwin Eells. William Woolery, Prof. X. J. Hong, P. J. Ilub- bell, John Ci. Jiaker of Portland, Charles II. Ross of Puyallup, and Mrs. Helen Z. Kuddell, John xirthur, ^V. II. Gilstrap and W. 1'. Bomiej' were speakers.

The story of the crossing of the Naches Pass is one of the most romantic in American history.

When the old Central School building had been outgrown, the school board decided to abandon the site and raise the new building on the site of the old Washington College and the old High School. Some objection was raised to its estimated cost, but for the most part the citizens, who through all the years have shown a commendable pride in their schools and their school archi- tecture, favored it. The board pointed out that the building, as planned, was none too large for the district, and that a smaller l)nililing would make it necessary very shortly to erect another building close by. As the building ])rogressed, there was eom- jjlaint against its tower and some ridicule. The tower, however, is valuable in the city's "skyline," and the beauty and dignity of the building is remarked by every visitor. As a utility in which are centralized the administrative forces of the school, it has given satisfaction. The building was completed in 1!)1.'}. at a cost of $2()8.ni..U.

The board was l)nilding simultaneously with the Central School the I^incoln Park High School. The original plans had been made with a view of accommodating from 800 to 1,000 pupils and lionds were issued w itii the i)ni)lic nnderstandiiin that the cost wniild he al)out $22.>,00(). Hiil while the matter was undei- discussion and the usual delays incident to an undertaking of such a size, a further investigation d<velo])ed the fact that a building oi' the dimensions planned would be too small, and that it would be nccessaiy. at no distant day. to build another high school in the same general locality. The board thereupon advised Archllect I'icdt rick Heath t<i ii\ ise his plans witii the idea of making room for at least 1.800 pupils. The completed building cost ^i.'JC.C.OT.CH. and the e(iui])mcnt $7.).000.

252 HISTOKV OF TACOMA

The i)lan of the building is unique in school architecture, and has attracted national attention among architects and school men. It was built at a reasonable figiu'e, considering its size and stabil- ity, though there was some objection to the amomit of Imnber used. This arose partly from the fact that one of the contractors permitted a large sign to be raised, carrying a boast to the effect that it contained more lumber than any other building within a wide territory. The allegation was true and the public gained the impression that a fire trap was being built, and a fire trap ouglit not to cost as much money as was being spent. In reality the building is well fire-proofed, Avith heating plant separate, and wires encased. Fire danger is remote. The increased size of the building and the increased cost brought down ujjon Ai-chitect Heath criticism which he did not deserve. He obeyed the instruc- tions of the board, and he built a great building. The connnodious interior })lan was devised upon suggestions from Supt. W. F. Geiger.

The structure has been ^vfirth all it cost. It has given to the southern jiart of the city a community center. The south side long had felt that it was being neglected, and the beautiful build- ing, wonderfully equipped, went far toward dissipating that feeling. If in building it on tlie larger scale the board violated to a greater or less degree tlie pledge it had witli tlie public, it may be said, in defense, that the attendance already has proved the board's wisdom. The building was completed in 1914, and for two years it has been a recognized element in imiting the two sections of the city which so often, and always foolishly, have been at loggerheads.

The connng of the "jitney" in the summer of 1914 was a serious disturbance of street car values, and soon became such a menace to pedestrians that the city commissioners, after much discussion and the study of ordinances adopted in other cities, adopted rules for their regidation. These rules were designed to limit speed, to fix stopping places away from street intersections, but made no effort to prevent overloading, except to keep pas- sengers off the running boards. In a little while most of the jit- neys had disconnected their sjieedometers and wild running be- came the rule, with a few exceptions. Political considerations

IIISTOKV OF TACOMA 253

tl^l^ far Iia\ c so filled with fear the public otficials that they have feared to lake up proposals lor tiie ade(iuate regulation of the nickel automobiles. While they arc a natural development of a gasoline age it has been feared that their etfect upon the more substantial and responsible carrying concerns may become a serious drawback to the city's expansion.

Auloniobile racing was fii'st started in Tacoma in 1912. wluii three races were run on a fi\i-niilc' diit track, hard-surfaced with oil, near the present Tacoma Sjieedway. nine miles south of Ta- coma. This race was directed by A. li. Howe. A. (i. Prichard, and Cieorge B. Hurke, and was financed by individuals. The second race was held in 191."}. undei- the auspices of the Tacoma Carnival Association, on the same course, but shortened to three and one-half miles. August 14. 1913, Frank Allyn. chairman; P. II. Ilebb and C. J. Carr, were appointed by Garrett Fisher, president of the Tacoma Carm'val Association, "to investigate and rejjort as to a site and plan for a ])crmanent track." Soon the. Tacoma Speedway Association was formed. C'onstiuction began early the next spiins^. and tlu- tiaek was completed for tile races July i. 191+. The race was won l)y I'-ail Cooper, at a si)eed of 7H miles an hour. Tiie cost of the track and jjlant was ii^l ()().()()().()(). The jjrcsent lattice track, made of 2 by -t timbers running lengthwise, is two miles in circumference. The track is fifty feet wide, excei)t in front of the pits, where it is sixty feet in width.

The largest cro\\(l that has attended the races was on July 4. 1914. when ai)])roximately 2."). ()()() entered the gates. In 1910, in a :{()()-mile race. Kddie Kiekenbachei' won, with an average speed of S9..'{ miles an hour, the fastest tiiiu- ever made on the track for a race of that kngtli. Among the leaders in promoting tlu- racing game have been I). 1). A. ()nt(all. George 1). Dunn. Dr. C. ]'. (iammon, A. F. I.,ausen, Jr.. II. E. O'Neal, C. J. Carr. II. M. Prince, I. \. Hague and F. F. Jeffries.

CHAPTER LXXXVI

BEGINNINGS OF PUBLIC LIBRARY THE FIRST BOOKS ITS EARLY

SUPPORTERS — GIVEN TO THE CITY — COUNCIL CONTROLS IT — THE LIBRARIANS — THE CARNEGIE MOVEMENT — MODERN DEVELOP- MENT.

What is now the Carnegie Library began at a sewing circle. Three women, of whom one was Mrs. Grace R. Moore, were busy with their needles one afternoon and their subject as they talked was books, which Avere then very scarce in Tacoma. They discussed plans for procuring more and finally concluded to form a circulating library if they could find enough interested persons. INIay .5, 1886. about eighteen women met at the home of JNlrs. Frank Clark in response to the trio's call.

Mrs. JMoore was made president: Miss Emma Unthank. vice president; Mrs. E. M. Hunt, treasurer; Mrs. Hadley, secretary. Among those who gave the little librarj^ their active sup])ort were jNIrs. A. H. W. Raynor. ^Nlrs. William Frazier, Miss Fannie Paddock, JNIrs. John Hall. JNIrs. Van Ogle, JNIrs. Richard Vaeth, Mrs. Samuel Wilkeson, JNIrs. William Mizner and JNIrs. Munson. The women ordered papei'-bound volumes of standard works, and bound them in heavy pasteboard with their own hands. The library at first was in JNIrs. Moore's home, and later in JNIr. JNIoore's law office where JNIiss Tiffany, the stenographer, served as librarian. A charge of 2.5 cents was made to borrowers, and .50 cents to bachelors who might desire to use the JNIoore home as a quiet place in wliich to read. To enlarge the revenues the trustees resorted to spelling matches, plays and lectures, bringing such persons as John Fiske, the historian, Mrs. Julia Ward Howe and George Kennan. A flower festival was held, the flowers being made of paper, an art just then new and attracthig much

254

HISTOIO' OF TACOMA 255

interest. An unusiiall\ dalxnati- cntertaimnent uas an exiiibit of more than .')()() articles ol' liistorit' <ii- iiiliiiisic value, upon the collection of which weeks were si)ent. Aiikhi^- the exhibits was a yeiuiine portrait hy Sir Peter IaIv. lent l»y Mrs. \'an Ogle; another was a Uenihraiult, lent hy Mrs. Clarence Slaughter, whose father was an eminent artist. Herbert Griggs exhibited a tine collection of antil|lK^ wliicli lie had gathered in Europe. Ill time llic association nlilaiiicd ■_'.()()() xdhiincs and tliese were turneil over to the Tacoma I'lihlic I.ilirary of which Walter J. Thompson was made i)resident, \vitii Mrs. Moore as vice presi- dent. The library then was moved into the city hall, with ^Vil- liam Curtis Taylor as librarian. He was followed by Herbert ]Jashford, Jonathan Smitii. .Mexander Maeready, \V. H. .Jen- nings, B. S. ^lelvafferty, Jonathan Smith, .T. T. Eshelman, Franklin F. Hopper. Mary I^ytle (acting) and John U. Kaiser. In ]S!).'{ the library trustees voted to present the library to the city and in .Iamiai-\- of "'.» I- the transfer was completed. The institution then fell into the hands of a city council committee of five members and politics at times weighed iiioie largely than cul- tural aih aiicenieiit. though in llie main It was handled A\ell.

The lilirary. after removal from the jNIoore law otHce had (juarters in the Wilkeson. (iross and T'hlman blocks before it reached the new city hall in 18!).'}.

The agitation for a Carnegie library fund was begun in 1901, and the originator of the plan seems to have been Rev. Calvin Stewart, a well known I'lesbyterian minister, and father of the present postmastci'. He was residing temporarily in Xew ^'ork, seeking funds for ^Vhitw(lI•th College, and became ac(|uainted with .lames Bertram. Mr. (ainegie's private secretary. Carnegie decliiK d to help tlu eollei^c and .Mi'. Stewart then presented the library idea, which met a faMnaliK' receptiiin. Meantime the then librarian, Kev. li. S. McLafferty. was woiking n|) intircst in the Carnegie matter at home, and Mayor I>ouis 1). Cam|>bell finally closed the negotiations for a .$7.J,00() gift. The chaiiinan of the library committee at the time was James M. Harris, but he soon was succeeded by Jesse S. .Tf)nes, who since has wmi dis- tinction in iilglier ])iiMic ollice. Tiie other memiieis of the eom- inittce were \Villiani I{. (iililett. .I.ilm Holgate. T. W. Ham- mond and Ivlward I. Salmson.

256 HISTORY OF TACOMA

The building cost about $08,000. The furnishings consumed the remainder of the gift and more. The structure was built on two lots bought from Franklin M. and Clara L. Potts for $3,500, and three lots bought from A. ]M. and Luc}- E. Kidder for $6,000. The building was dedicated June .5, 1903. The council committee tlien consisted of Thos. W. Hammond, George C. Britton, J. \Varren ]Martenis, August Yon Boeckhn and Henry INIahncke. Librarian JMcLafFerty's assistants were Amy Hall. Josephine Holgate, Isola B. Smith, Ralph H. Shephard, Signe Storaasli and Huldah Bergoust.

In 1906 Councilman Thomas Gourley, then chairman of the library committee, presented an ordinance placing the institution in the hands of five trustees named by the mayor. This was in obedience to a state law j^assed in 1901. ]Mayor George P. Wright appointed BIrs. William P. Reynolds, ]Miss Xettie B. Wallace, Bishop Frederic ^V. Keator, Frederic ^Nlottet and A. H. Yoder, superintendent of schools. It was an excellent board. J. T. Eshelman was then the librarian. John H. Wil- liams, a great book lover, was an editorial writer on the Ledger, and he took umbrage at the de luxe editions that had been bought at good prices. The controversj' that followed was good for the institution. De luxe buying was stopped. Another interesting phase of the discussion was that ]Miss Xettie Wallace became ^Nlrs. John H. AVilliams.

From time to time serious attacks have been made on the library from the city hall and one of these was a factor in influenc- ing W. W. Seymour, a firm believer in a first-class library, to run fo]- mayor. With a view of limiting library expense ]Mayor Fawcett appointed to the board ex- Judge John C. Stallcup, a firm character who had figvn-ed in many prominent affairs. The more progressive element, however, was in the majority. ^Irs. Overton G. Ellis made a very excellent memlier of the board, but resigned INIay 5. 1914, after her husband had been elected to the supreme bench where he has made a distinguished record. The present board members are Bishop Keator, INIrs. John H. Wil- liams, William F. Geiger, Mrs. James A. Hays and Mrs. W. H. Johnston.

Miss Jessie Carson was the first trained librarian emploj^ed

HISTOHV OF TACOMA 257

and mIic was largely responsible in luiiigiiig to Taeoiiia I'ranklin F. Flopper, a lilnarv man (if tlic keenest abilities, wlio ((uiekly plaeed the institution on a niodnii l)asis in spite of great ol)staeles. He made a lil)rary of it. He resigned to aceept a higher posi- tion in New York City library work, and the board then chose John B. Kaiser, wlio eontiinied tiie work which Hopper had started, and in addition, snccessfully has employed his genius ill l)opularizing it. He, too, has been hampered both by lack of funds and a laek of sjjaee. For the city has outgrown the library building. In I'.M.") the lil)rary lent 4.21,071 books, a gain of 7 jjer cent over the pieeeding year. It contains more than 7o.000 volumes. The records show that the library is being more and more used for serious research work by business men and mechan- ics. In 191.5 the reference department answered 9,()()() (juestions. The institution very shortly must have a down-town building if it is to continue to be a growing force in the community.

. CHAPTER LXXXVII

1911 RECALL OF MAYOR A. V. FAWCETT THE ANTI-TKEATING

ORDINANCE SEYMOUR DRAGOONED INTO THE MAYORAL RACE

RECALL OF L. ^y. ROYS AND NICHOLAS LAAVSON VICE AGAIN

FIGURES SEY:MOUR's ADMINISTRATION PETTIT DEFEATED —

LAWSON REELECTED FAAVCETT REGAINS MAYORAL CHAIR

PETTIT REELECTED "WOODS DEFEATED BY ANTI-CATHOLIC VOTE

THE DIRECT PRIMARY'S EFFECTS OTHER ULTRA-MODERN

LAWS PRESIDENT TAFt's VISIT THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE

CHL-RCH.

Almost from the date of the adoption of the city cliarter witli its recall ijrovisioii there had been an undercurrent de- noting the public desire to give it a trial. The opportunity was approaching. In his preceding years as mayor A. V. Fawcett had been accustomed to single-handed dealing with public affairs. But under the new charter, with its somewhat peculiar provisions — and they were included with the idea that men of a sterling tj^pe would be chosen as commissioners — the mayor was one of five, each of whom was master of his departmental realm, and beholden to none other. Almost immediately bickering began among the commissioners, the vigorous and sometimes testy Fawcett attempting, as the other commissioners thought, to med- dle with their departments.

There arose a fear among the business men that the quarrel- ling would lead to costly bungling of important municipal work then in hand — the building of the water plant, thepoAver plant and the Eleventh Street bridge — and the opinion developed that the mayor should be recalled. Another cause for the recall was the belief that what was dubbed "freak legislation" was injur- ing the city, and chief est among the freaks was the anti-treating

258

IIISTOin OF TACO.MA 259

ordinance wliicli the council adopted, and which then was phiccd before the |)<.(i])it' under the referetuhini jjrovisions of the charter. Tlie ])eoi)le adopted this onhnaiiee Mareii I'l, I'.tll, l)y a vote of 8.881 to .').!>8|.. Tlie press of tlie nation huighed at Taconia, and tra\ eieis ( aine to hiok and to smile, and to carry the tale afar.

The ordinance had hcen copied, with changes, from the Los Angeles ordinance, which provided that the man who did the treating shonhl l)e i)unislied; the Fawcett ordinance penalized tlie salesman. One of the requirements was that a "Xo treating" placard siiould he jjlaced on eveiy bar. Hy printing these signs in tall tvjjcs so tliin that tliey beeaiiie iii\ isilile to the ordinary eye at ten I'eet tlu' saloons at once indicated tiiat the law was to he more or less disobeyed, and the driidving ])ublic paid little lieed either to the signs or to the law itself. The ordinance was never obeyed exce))t in a i'vw cases. Prosecutions of some of the cheaner saloons followed, hut no general attem|>t to luiikv the or- dinance effective was undertaken. W'liih the ordinance appeared to contain the gei-nis of justice and sobriety, it was aimed at the destruction of a custom so old that its enforcement seemed from the beginning to be impossible. Many jjcrsons regarded it as an abridgment of their i-ights. A'arious tricks were employed to circumvent it. Tiiinking men interested in maintaining the dig- nity of the laws generally and in the i)nl)lie's preservation of resjjcct foi- oidinances concluded after observing the operation of the anti-treating law that it was a dangerous measure. And in fact it did lead to ridicule and sneering, and its efficacy never was demonstrated.

xVnother side of the (|uestion \\;is the eluli which it ])laee(l in the hands of jiolitieians. It afforded to him who would use it that way an instrument of coercion by which the saloon might be compelled to align itself with any ])rogi-am which an executive might desire.

The ordinance was one of the reasons i'or the recall of Mayor Fawcett, though in the midst of the recall cam])aign the liquor interests were assured that if they would sup|)ort lirni. the ordi- nance would lie rc])cah(l. He had iiecn elected on an "o)>(n town" jdatl'orm — one of the reprehensible licenses of a ])olitical day that is ])ast — and the li(iuor element had been so disa])pointcd in him that it hesitated to accept further jjledgcs.

26U HISTORY OF TAC03IA

AVilliain ^V. Seymour was pressed into the recall fight as a candidate against tlie mayor. He had no desire to run. He had served ably on the park board and had shown an active public spirit in many directions, and he had a clean name, which his adversaries attempted to blacken by all the means known to shady politics. This led to attacks on ^layor Fawcett's per- sonal, as well as official career, and the covu't, city and county records were scoured for facts that might injure him. The cam- l^aign became intensely bitter — too bitter, bj' far, for the good of the city, which suffered by reason of the recall fight. Sey- mour was able to obtain the support of the church element, the business men and the women, and a curious anomaly was that he also had the supi^ort of the liquor interests for reasons before explained, and not because he was in any way allied with them. He won in the contest, on the election of April 18, 1911, the vote being: Seymour, 11,246; Fawcett, 10,394. In the primary Barth, socialist, had received 3,303 votes — enough to give the conservative element a painful jolt. The registration was 23,388.

There had figured in the election the A Street establishment which, ui:)on jNIayor Fawcett's election, had opened on a lavish scale. This had aroused antagonism. While the movement was in progress to recall the mayor, he adroitly shifted the blame for "open town" conditions to the shoulders of the Commissioner of Safety L. W. Roys, and the next step in the program was the recall of Rovs, which the mavor assisted with great deliffht.

As in every other city where vice is recognized by "licensing" it or by ignoring it, those who profited by it were frightened by one campaign directorate after another into contributing largely for campaign purposes. The social evil, gambling and the liquor interests were coerced into a regular delivery of funds for camjiaign uses. The restricted district was closed about as often by the exigencies of politics as by spasms of virtue. Offi- cials who had no heart whatever in the recognition of it and who desired to see it closed felt compelled to continue it by the heavy pressure of business interests, who imagined a cordial and interde- pendent relationship between the profits of vice and a successful city. L. W. Roys was a victim of this illusion. A cleanly man

HOMICS ()|- l-HO.MIXKXT TACOMA CITIZP^NS

II1S1'()K\ OF TACO.MA 261

aiul an excellent public oflicial. ()])|)()secl to a restricted district and to evil in all fornix, he. as coniniissioner of j)ul)lic safety, was caught on the one side l)y what some excitable ])ers()ns called the "vice syndicate" and on the otlur by the element wiiieli false- ly imagined that it \\as possible nttiily to eliminate sin I)y law.

Rovs, however, was not alone in his misery. At the same election of May 18. r.M 1. an attempt was made to lecall Woods l^awson and Freeland. Francis II. Pettit defeated Hoys by a vote of lO.S.ll to T.Ki-J; Woods defeated W. E. Clayton by a vote of 11.8(i0 to .3. 71.): Benjamin Weeks defeated liawson liy a vote of 1),0.57; Freeman defeated Frank M. Lamliorn by a vote of 10.1. IS to 7.711.

Pettit was elected on the promise of cleansin<j; the conmiu- nity. and he did so in tiie ai)pn)ved style. The A street concern was closed not again to be reo])ened. and the better part of the community rejoiced. But when the election of April, 1912, came about the people were dissatisfied, and he was defeated by A. U. Mills, wlio was elected on tlu- promise that he would not permit the old district to rco])cn. It niaiK' an attempt at revival, but was pi-t'\ entcd. .\t the same election Lawson, who had been lecalled a year bcfoie. chietly on the allegation that he was inefficient, was reelected on tlie allegation that he was effi- cient and tiiat the watt r and light department needed him, Ben- jamin .1. Weeks ha\ iug resigned. Lawson's recall was due. in part, at lea.st, to the desire of contractors who desired changes in the Gravity Water Plant ])lans.

.Seymour's administration was one of the l>est the city ever iiad. thoiigli it was harassed l)y many troulilesome questions. Seymour is an idealist. lie bclie\es that a city sliould devote large attention to welfare work, and he was contimially endeav- oring to employ city money in the advancement of such work. He brought about the building of the City Contagious IIos])ital : forwardeil food inspection: emi)loyed a visiting nurse for fam- ilies wliicli (dull! not afford to em])loy: encouraged musical enter- prises: liel|)e(l tile eb\nclies: urged public comfort stations: sug- gested ))laiis for |)nlilic employment of idle meti. and in a hun- dred ways sought to ameliorate evil and sodden conditions, and all the time thei'e flo\\cd from his own ])ui"se a flood of money for

v.i. II- 1:

262 HISTORY OF TACOMA

charitj'. He iJrobably has given more nioney to charity than any two men on the townsite. He was not a camHdate for re- election.

Fawcett was reelected April 23, 1914i, defeating Rev. C. F. W. Stoever. The pnblic had been made to believe that Stoever was in some way aligned M'ith the liquor interests. Chai'les D. Atkins and James C. Drake Were elected as commissioners. Stoever came up for election as commissioner in April, 1916. and again was defeated by the same idle story used two years before. On this occasion, however, it was told of him that he expected to annul the prohibition law! Pettit, discarded in 1912. defeated him. Hamilton H. Gronen defeated Owen Woods for commis- sioner of jjublic works. Woods is a Catholic and the anti-Cath- olic question figured in the campaign. Some of the candidates fjoldly circulated pamphlets attacking the cliurch. It has been said that the anti-Catholic organization now in Tacoma numbers nearly four thousand persons. Fred Shoemaker surprised the wiseaci'es by defeating Jolm F. ]Meads ff)r controller. Sporadic attempts have been made to recall other public ofhcials, started in most cases by persons of insignificance.

The direct primary law had taken effect in 1907 and the first cam])aign folloAving brought forward candidates as surprising in inmiber as in general weakness, and that has been the case ever since. It became apparent, at the fii'st trial of the law. that substantial business men and intelligent and jjroud men in other lines would not subject themselves to the whimsicalities attend- ing a Kilkenney cat fight. Each candidate has liis own plat- form, the bolder it is the surer of .success, and this naturally leads to extravagant promises and a free play of wits uj^on the witless. It offers unlimited opportunities to the character assassin, the liar and the unprincipled, as they are beyond the control of party leadership or any other force. The situation, as far as desirable candidates is concerned, was all the worse with the introduction in the city charter of the initiative and referendum and recall. Quickly it was demonstrated that men with ideals, wills and plans of their own, resolute, right-thinking men, would not sub- ject their reputations to the attacks of office-seekers, cranks and other disturbers.

IirSTOin' OF 'I'ACO.MA 263

Those who favor tliese adjuncts oi" ultra-modern govern- ment are of the helief that, as the novelty of their use wears off, and the deterinination grows to enii)loy them only in cases where an official is plainly derelict, stronger men will offer themselves for public office. lint the experience, widely speaking, thus far has been that men who seek the city's well-paid offices could, in private employment, earn scarcely more than a laborer's wage. And it has been shown that the direct primary is the rich man's l)lavthing and not the average man's life line, as its friends hoped it would be.

Perhaj)s experience will teach the voters to ignore the dema- gogue and pay a greater attention to sanity and calmness of character; to desert the standard of the liar and thus preserve, as they should be preserved, the reputations of citizens who are worth much to the community. Unless there comes a marked change in tl^esc respects the primary law will be repealed, but there never can be a return to the reprehensible ring rules of the old c'onvtiitiuu days, no matter if they gave to us a better office- hdiiliiig class tlian tiu- newer systems. Xor can we hojie for dili- gence, honesty and a bold leadership in public office if we con- tinue to permit the monopolistic control of the recall in the hands of spite, jealousy, political and personal animosity and the reck- less tale-l)earer.

President Taft was Tacoma's guest October 8, 1911. and an attempt was made to take him to Paradise ^'ailey. But at the entrance of the valley the automobiles mind. It was a hazardous journey but the President enjoyed it. ^At Hicksecker he stepped to the edge of the ])recipice to look into the canyon's dejjths. and sli)iiilil((l. He aiiiKist |)hiii,u((l (i\ ( T. Twd days latei'. at'tei- \is- iting Seattle, lie retmiud tn 'racdiiia and sj)oke to a great audience in the Armory. He was given a l)an(iuet at the Tacoma Hotel. The next day he was driven about the city and showed great in- terest in the Stadium.

The First Church ol' Christ, Scientist, was incorporated by six persons in Ajjril. 1S!)4. ^Vbout five years before this the work of the sect had begiui in Tacoma. ^Mmost from the start a read- ing room was maintained. By 1900 about a hundred persons were attending the church services, and in the Call of that vear a site was

264 HISTORY OF TACOMA

given for a church building, at Division Avenue and I Street, by Hugh A. Ferguson who, while not a member of the church, was interested in it. The congregation then numbered thirty-seven. In a little while they had raised $3,000 and in November, 1900, the cornerstone of the building was laid. It seated 300, and it was the first Scientist Church on Puget Sound. By 1908 tliis building had been outgrown and the congregation used the ]Masonic Tem- ple until 1911 when the present beautiful structure was erected on the site of the old, at a cost of $45,000. It seats 900 persons, and the average attendance is more than seven hundred.

CHAPTER LXXXVlll

1912 — LONG DISCUSSION OVER WATER AND LIGHT PLANT — PRAIRIE

WELLS TRIED ENGINEERS EMPLOYED — CITY CONDEMNS NIS-

QUAI.LY SITE STONE A: WEIJSTER COMPANY' MAKES OFFER

CONTRACTORS GIVE DINNER TO CELEBRATE LOSSES — POWER PLANT BUILT WITHOUT GRAFT — SEEKING A AVATER SUPPLY' — GREEN KIVKK CHOSEN — BLUNDERS IN BUILDING SUITS FOL- LOW COMPLETION — CITY HAS EXCELLENT WATER.

Almost from the day that the city hoii<rht the water and hu,ht plants from the \\'ri<4ht interests in 1893, eouncils, commercial bodies and the i)nlilie discussed the advisability of building a gravity water phiiil and a hydro-electric plant. From time to time both of tlusc hopes seemed to i)e close to realization hut it Avas not until the middle of the 1000 decade that the community took them up in earnest. At two elections the people voted down the pro])osal to build a gravity water jjlant. Many plans Avere made and the city spent a large amount of money in surA'eys and for expert advice.

The sii|)|)osed dangerous condition of Clover Creek AA'ater an<l its limited sii])ply finally hrought about the boring of a numliei- of Avells on the prairie below .South Tacoma where an excellent (pial- ity of Avater was ])rocure(l from the underlying bed of gravel. This water is supjjosed to be in the nature of an underground How from the mountain. Air lifts brought the Avater to the surface. The well ])roblem became ])olitical early in its career. The sys- tem had its ardent advocates and its bitter enemies. It Avas charged through this period of turmoil that certain contractors Avere decrying the system in the hope that the building of an expensive gravity system Avould be of advantage to their jjockcts. Petty j)olitics did its best to iii/pire the wells, and on several

265

266 HISTORY OF TACOMA

occasions vandalism was committed in order to destroy the effi- ciency of the wells and machinery. Sand was placed in motor bearings. Iron scraps were dropped into the wells, disabling the jjumps. Inefficiency among the city's employees now and then assisted in the destructive process.

The city was buying power for its pumps from the Stone & Webster interests. Complaint was made that the rates were high — that general electric charges were too high. It was sug- gested that if the city had a hydro-electric plant, power for the pumps might he produced at a less figure. This was one of the items in a long controversy that made friends for the power plant project. Engineers Cunningham, Cummings and Trenner were employed to investigate power plant sites. Several were offered — all of them at high prices. Three companies controlled the Xisqually site. The city was not satisfied with the prices fixed and Citj' Attorney Stiles was asked if the site could be con- demned. He thought it could and brought proceedings. The Sujireme Court decided in his favor by a five-to-four vote. The city obtained the property for $197,500.

There was much opposition to the undertaking. JSIam^ hon- estly believed in the inability of city management; others opposed the site, both on account of its silt, the probable shortage of water and the absence of adequate storage possibilities. Engineer Frank C. Kelsej^ of Portland, a man of experience and ability, was employed to draft plans. The public was given the imiiression by the proponents of the enterprise that 32,000 horsepower could be produced. This rearoused the opposition, as experts who had been employed to examine the flow rejjorted this to be too high. The question went before the people on the 32,000 horsepower basis, and they voted for the plant. What the friends of the enterprise meant to convey was that the plant would deliver 20,000 horsepower on the low tension side of the transformer in Tacoma, and this was the engineer's report.

Work was begini on the plant in February, 1910. In the midst of the discussion over the project the Stone & Webster Company had made to the city an offer to f lu'nish jjower at a rate lower than the city probably could produce it, but the community was deter- mined to disattach itself from that company. Contracts were let

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HOMES OF PROMINENT TACOMA LlilZl-s-

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IIISTORV OF TACOMA 267

to Wright lV Sweeney I'm' (lie tunnel .ind when llic concern was on the point of failure George Milton Savage, D. 1. Cornell, E. K. Nichols and J. K. Bonnell offered to take up the work lor the honor of Taconia." It was indeed a public sl)irited act. They expected to make nothing; they hoped not to lose, lint in fact they lost about $16,000 each, ami thty gave a dinner lo their friends one evening at the Commercial Club to celebrate the com- pletion of their work and the losses they had footed witbout a whimper! Savage had been prominent in the discussion of the power i)lant project from the first and it was he more than any other who saved the city from building a if^-J.OOO.OOO steam plant witii a ijroduet of only aiiout (i.OOO horsepower.

The power plant was built without " giaft." ]Much blunder- decided to dismiss the expert, Kelsey, and proeird with the build- ing was predicted when Nicholas l.awson and JMayor Fawcett ing with the city's own forces. Hut there was, as a fact, little blundering. Kelsev might have ()i-evented. had he been on the woi'k. the ])ni-cliase later on of more marhintry than was needed in the powcilioiise \\liere the city commissioners installi'd four great generatois. not all of which wei'e needed. However Law- son was depending upon the reports that storage facilities that would supply enough water for the macbines could be provided. Later investigation showed tbis to be a futile bojjc. It has been estimated that not more than $200,000 was wasted on the ])ower plant enterprise, which was not an extravagant fignne. when com- pared with other municipal work and with some private enter- prises of the same magnitude. The ])lant's capacity for i)rac- tical ])\n"poses is about 12, 000 liorsepower, though when the water is strong its production is mueli more.

The plant has been a good investment. Its returns to the city bave been ample to ])ay the bonds ami |)i'ovi(le a replacement fund, it has served as a competitive force to keep electric rates low, and has enabled the city to sell to consmners at fair rate. Tbe cost of the i)lant was $2,.3.)4,084.3.). an<l it was completed May 8, 1912.

Several possible supplies of water had been suggested in the years past. Mashel l^iver, tbe lakes, Greenwater River, Chenuis Creek and otiier small streams in the foot bills, and the (ireen

268 HISTORY OF TACOMA

River. Green River was chosen in the face of objections that 2)olhition was possible from the numerous trains on the Northern Pacific Raih'oad, which runs through the Green River Canyon. Friends of the well system brought up the possibilities presented by cheap jjower from the city plant for pumping. Councilman Jamieson hammered awaj' at this for months. But the shortage of water for sprinkling and the promise of all the water that could be used if the gravity system were built, jjersuaded the public in favor of the Green River gravity system. A. V. Fawcett scarcely had taken his seat in the mayor's office when blundering began. He and Commissioner Lawson hastened off to the Green River, desirous for work to begin instantly, and they jiaid $1,000 for a handful of land for the headworks. This actually was in viola- tion of the charter, but they put it through. Later in condemna- tion proceedings City Attorney Stiles procm-ed a larger amount of land joining wliat the mayor had bought, for $7.30. One bungle after another followed. Reckless haste seemed to char- acterize every step. The contractors were driven into the wilds to push contracts in the rainy season and great damage resulted. Though a horde of inspectors covered the work much of it was careless or worse. In one place a lot of railroad ties and gravel were taken out of the completed pipe. There was trouble at river crossings, where the city desired tunnels instead of aque- ducts. Finally, May 8, 1913, the great task was completed at a cost of $2, .537,000. The watershed was cleaned up and put under careful guardianship. A small purifying plant was estab- lished and Tacoma now has an abundance of water as pure as that of any city on the globe. Suits by contractors for "extras" fol- lowed. Peter i\IcHugh sued for $134,000 and won a verdict of $42,500. The council had offered to pay him $38,000. The Inter- national Contract Company sued for $34,000 and won a verdict for $1,041. George P. Wright sued for $156,000 and won a verdict for $95,000. This case is now in the Supreme Court. Hans Pedersen sued for $33,813.65 and lost. In the fighting of these cases City Attorney Stiles earned the praise of the com- munity, and Special Engineer Arvid Rydstrom's work was of great value.

In the course of a very few years the city will have to rebuild

Tin: Ol.li \ II.I.AKl) IIOI'SK SLKIKH

VIEWS SHOWING THE GREAT STORM OF .lAXT'ARY. 1916, WHEN NINETEEN

INCHES OF SNOW FKl.l.

til;

i:

IIISTOHV OF TACO.MA 269

the- pipe line at li(.a\ y cost. It is cot i fronted now with tlie task of enlargiii,^' its distrilmting system, if tiic |)iisciit water waste is to eoiitiimr and [n \)v enlarged as the |)nl)he seems to wish. For Taeoma is using more water i)er ea])ita than any other eity in the worhl. The 4().()()().()()() gallons heing hrought from Green River will not he suflieient for many years if the extravaganee in its use continues to grow.

There has heen wide eritieism of the j)u])lic ehoiee of Green River as its source of suppl\ . and of thi hhindering in the huild- ing of it, but it has proved and will prove a good investment. The water is superior in <juality to that ohtained from the wells, and in quantity there is no comparison. The operation of wells on a large scale undoubtedly would have continued to be a source of uneasiness, dishonesty and political machinations. The fewer men a city can employ, the less the political chicanery.

CHAPTER LXXXIX

1914 — ADOPTION OF PROHIBITION MEASURE — ITS EFFECTS — VIRGES

ASKS FOR AMENDMENT DEATH OF THO:\rAS PROSCH AND OTHERS

IN AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENT ABANDON JIENT OF OLD STEILACOOM

LINE — "PURD^S" PICTURESQUE CAREER.

Tile prf)hibition vote Xoveniber .3. 1914, in Pierce County, was: For, 10,249; against, 19,131. The election was preceded by a bitter contest in which those opposed to the prohibition measiu-e used the argument that it destroyed home breweries while permitting those in other states to ship their wares into this state; that it was not in reality a true prohibition measure; that the loss to the state of brewery property and the moneys they brought in by their trade with foreign coimtries were imjiortant in the state's conniiercial life; that the con.sum])tion of "hard" liquors woidd be increased dangerously; that prohibition would destroy the value of much ]-ental property; that the loss of $83,000 a year to the city treasury would cripple the municipal government. For some months before the law took effect, Jan- uary 1, 1916, a severe depression due to a dull lumber market prevailed, several saloons failed and a mnnber of others wei-e on the borderland of bankruptcy. Conditions were such that the enforcement of the law scarcely was noticed. The eighty-tliree saloons sold out their stocks completely and some of them were obliged to hasten in new stocks to meet the demand. It is too soon to discuss the economic results. The jails have been almost empty and the police have nuich less to do than formerly. In a recent three weeks the city jailer who has a contract to feed jjris- oners at 8 cents the meal found his total revenues averagizig only 32 cents a day!

There have been serious cases of bootlegging, and vicious

270

Olticst street

continuous service,

C. H. I'UHDV railway employe, in

in T;i

lint of

lilSTOin' OF TACOMA 271

liquors have l)ctii ili.spenst.(l. .Many ol tin- saloons haw hccoine restaurants and suit (hitik cstal)lisliincnts at Utwvv rentals tlian the\- |)aiil hel'ore. In the further readjustiniiit many of these will eease husiniss. Some of the nierehants iiave reported better eol- leetions and l)etter business by reason of the law; others liave complained.

William Virges has prepared an initiative measure to be sub- mitted at tht- ni\t election w hicli. if adnptcd. will permit breweries to operate under certain restrictions, and in such esteem is he held in eity and state as a ])nblie spirited, kindly and Iielijlnl eiti/en. that his api)eal has gained a wide hearing.

March .31, 191.3, Thomas W. Prosch and iiis wife Virginia McCarver I'rosch. daughter of (Jeneral MeC'arver and Mm. Ilaiiiet Foster lieecher, daughtei-in-law nf Ileniy Ward Jkeeher, and Miss Mjxrgaret Lenore Denny, daugiiter of A. A. Denny, tlie founder of Seattle, were killed when their automobile skidded near ^Vllentown, and plunged into the Duwamish Itiver. Mr. Prosch had been to Tacoma ti) place in the State Historical Society some valuable relies. M i-. Pi'oscli, as has been told else- wliere, founded the tirst news])aper in Taeiima in ISTJ'- He had married 31iss McCarver in 1.S77. In 187!) .^Ir. I'roseh bouglit the Intelligencer of Seattle v.hieb twn years later was merged with the Post and the ])aper became llie Post-Intelligencer. lie had served as postmaster of Seattle under I'residcnt Grant. In his later years he devoted most of his timi to historical research and writing, and Tacoma and the state owe mneli to lilm on this ac- count. His father was Charles Prosch who established one of the first newspapers in Steilacoom.

Tn .Tuly. 1010. the line wliieh T. O. .\l)iiott and (J. \V. 'i"liom|)son liuilt to Steilacoom was al)andoned. It had lost $17 a day from the time it began operating. The great building o])c'i'a- tions whicli its promoters expected woulil follow its tortuous course, never materiali'/ed. Its fine scenic attractions after reaching the canyon of Chambers Creek gave the line considerable popul.arity but not enough for its financial well being. Simultaneously with its abandonment the Tacoma llailway k Power Company extended its line from Fort Steilacoom to the Town of Steilacoom. giving a niuch better service. The rails of tbi' old line were

272 HISTORY OF TACOMA

removed, to be used in the extension of a line to Lemon's Beach and to carry the Pacific Avenue line further southward. The change in the route to Steilacoom freshened the public's recol- lection of "Purd," one of the conductors.

Charles H. Purdy entered the employment of the Tacoma Railway & INIotor Company April 20, 1890. He is still on the payroll and is probably more widely known than any other street car conductor in the West. For a dozen years he has been on the old Steilacoom line. Purdy has worked under ten general managers and thirty superintendents. Of the .50,000 men who have had emijloyment with the company he is the oldest survivor. He has served as conductor, motorman, insjiector and trainmaster, and for nearly seven years he was sui^erintendent of the lines. He never has been discharged nor demoted. His reductions in rank have been of his own choosing. He has been through three strikes, has traveled about one million fine hundred thousand miles and has collected between three and four million fares. He has seen the company in funds and out. In the panic of the '90s he saw one car stripped in order that another might be repaired. For fourteen months he worked for 10 cents an hour for fourteen hours a day, and took his pay in car tickets. These he sold to his passengers on the Point Defiance line and often had to extend credit. It was not unusual for a passenger to say: "Here's $2 I owe you for tickets, and I want more but I don't know when I can pay you." He never lost any of these numerous accounts though some were a long time being paid. On the Steilacoom line his car has killed about a dozen deer and a bear once pursued his motorman. The company once sent him East on a vacation that cost $6.50 and afterward ordered him to Hot Springs for his health and paid the bill. Purdy is knoA\7i as "Purd" to a great number of people. His fidelity, good nature, accommodating spirit and humor have won him a place in the community's heart.

ClIArTEK XC

TACOMa's OlEAX CO^fMEUCE THE PACAl'IC ALASKA NAVIGATION

eO.Ml'AXV AM) THE "^VDMIKAl. IINE" WKECK OF THE SAMP- SOX THE MAliV I. INK AXl) ITS HEAVV BUSINESS NIPPON

YUSEN KAISHA LINE — WAR HAMPERS SHIPPING — EXORMOUS

DOCK SPACE — WATER BUSIXESS TOTALS — THE OI.I) IIAER

WELL KXOWX WATERIKOXT MEX.

Wherever a towboat goes out to meet a shij), wherever a steaiiRT drops her anchor or eomes akiiigside the dock; no matter in what clime or the hiuguage, Taeonia is known as a port. Ask any underwriter at IJoyd's, London, and lie will tell of Tacoma, ort'hand. .\..sk the coolie doekhand in Shani>hai. the Chilean on the west coast, the roustabout in Hamburg.

Taconia's ocean commerce is with tlie Orient, Australia, Europe, the west coast of South America, the east coast of the United States, the Pacific Coast, Hawaiian Islands, Alaska and the Philippines. Her pi'incipal exports are lumber, wheat, tlour and manulactured products from the East that are shipped over- land. Doling the European war large quantities of munitions were shijjped from Tacoma to \'!a(livostok. one steamer, the Honohilan. under eliaitcr to H. l\ Osti-andcr, taking a cargo valued at more than «i;j.()()(),()()().

A eomiiany that is of much interest to Tacomans is the I'a- cific Alaska Navigation Company, with head ofHees in this city. September 27. lOO.j, the Alaska Pacific Steamshi]) Company was Iditntd by Capt. K. E. Caine, of Seattle, and the steamers Watson and Huckmaii were brought to I'uget Sound from tiie Great Lakes. August 1. 1007. the Alaska Pacific Steamshi]) Company was iiought by 'i'aeoma capitalists, including Cluster Thorne, William .Jones, S. A. Perkins. H. !•". Alexander, C. W. Griggs Investment Company, U. E. iVnderson, John S. Baker,

27:5

2T4 HISTORV OF TACOMA

t'. D. Danaher, Pacific Box Company, August Von Eoecklin, Pacific Brewing and Malting ComiJany, McCabe & Hamilton, Roscoc Howard, D. AV. Eivans, E. P. Cameron, H. H. Tabor, T. S. Burley, Henry Hewitt, Jr., Tacoma Tug & Barge Com- panj', Frank L. Hale and Louis W. Pratt. Mr. Alexander obtained control of the Alaska Coast Company in October, 1907. The Pacific Alaska Navigation Company was organized October 7, 1911, as the holding company for the Alaska Pacific and Pa- cific Coast companies, and on January 1, 1916, it became the operating company, the other two companies existing in name only. The ofiicers of the Pacific Alaska Navigation Company are: H. F. Alexander of Tacoma, president; T. B. Wilcox of Portland, first vice president; S. A. Perkins, second vice presi- dent; E. B. Rogers, United States Navy, retired, secretary, and AVilliam Jones, treasurer, all of Tacoma. The company is cap- italized at $3,500,000. The fleet is valued at $2,872,097.

The vessels of the Pacific Alaska Navigation Company are the Admiral \Vatson, Achiiiral Evans, Admiral Farragut, Ad- miral Dewey, Admiral Schley. Admiral Goodrich, Admiral Clark and Admiral Sebree. The line is known as the "Admiral line." It operates between Puget Sound and San Francisco, and Puget Sound and Alaska.

Sejjtember 1, 1910. the Pacific Alaska Navigation Company took over the management of the fast passenger steamers, Yale and Harvaid. between San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego, giving through comiections l)etween Alaska, Puget Sound and Southern California points.

The steamer Admiral Sampson, of the Pacific Alaska Navi- gation Company, went do\\n off Point No Point, August 28, 1914, on her way from Puget Sound to Alaska with the loss of seven lives. The fleet of the old Alaska Coast Company — the Yukon, Jeanie, Bertha and Pf)rtland, all historic vessels in the early Alaska days — is beneath the waves. The Kentucky, of the Alaska Coast Company, was wrecked on the Atlantic Coast on, the way to Puget Sound shortly after being bought by the Alaska Coast Comjiany.

H. F. Alexander, president of the Pacific Alaska Naviga- tion Company, is one of the youngest steamship presidents in

VIEW SITOWIM: TIIK liKKAT STORM OT JAMAH V, inifi, WHEN NIXKTKKN INCHES OF SNOW FELL

t.

Tili', B

ITIS'I'OIO' OF TACOMA 2/o

the country. He began as a longsliorenian on the Tacoma docks, worked as a clerk, advancing step l)y stej), but rapidly. He is a genial host and scarcely a man of importance comes to Tacoma wiio does not know him.

From "Admirar' to ••Maru" is an easy step in the imagina- tion of Tacomans, for il" "Admirar" means a Tacoma steamship line, "Maru" stands for a foreign steamship company that does so much business here that it is regarded as our own. Reference is made to the Osaka Shoscn Kaisha, tiie Japanese steamship line, operating between Tacoma, Puget Sound ports and the Orient in eomieetion with the Chicago, JNIilwuakee & St. Paul Kaiiwav. The O^aka Shosm Kaisha l)egan its service July 3. 190!>, with the departure from Hongkong of the first vessel, the Tacoma Maru. Freight service was instituted by the Puget Sound extension of the .Milwaukee road, Jidy 1. rJO'J.

The regular fleet of the Osaka Shosen Kaisha includes the Tacoma 31aru. Chicago Maru. Canada ISIaru, Panama Maru, ^Mexico ^larn. .Maiiihi Maru and Hawaii Main. The Manila Main anivrd in Tacoma Septenihti- 1. 191.5, on her maiden voy- aue. and the Hawaii Maru. Xovembcr 1. 101.). The Seattle Maru, one of the first vessels of the line, was withdrawn from the Tacoma Oriental run in lin.j and was placed in service be- tween San F'rancisco and the Orient. In 1916 the Oriental business of the Osaka Shosen Kaisha became so great that it was found necessary to charter several extra vessels.

The vessels of the Xi])])on Yusen Kaisha. a rival of the Osaka Siiosen Kaisha. make reguhii- calls at Tacoma. loading at the Milwaukee docks. The Blue Funnel line. Dodwcll & Comi)any. also sends its steamers to Tacoma for c-argo for the Orient and Kngland.

The Pacific Coast Steamship Company, a powerful shipping concern. o])erates between Tacoma. Puget Sound. San F'ranciso and Southern California. Tiic Alaska Steamship Company o])erates freight steamers between Tacoma and Ala.ska. The ])riiici])al cargo hrouLiht to Tacoina l)y these vessels is copper ore for the Tacoma Smelter.

Before the European war Tacoma was a regular jiort of call of the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company tf) the

276 HISTOKV OF TACO.MA

Hawaiian Islands; the Harrison Line, to Euroj^e; German Kos- nios Line, to Europe by way of tlie west coast of South America; ]\Iatson Navigation Company, Hawaiian Ishmds; Royal ]Mail Steam Packet Company, Europe; Hamburg American Steam- ship Company, the Orient. These companies have withdrawn from the Pacific Coast trade, but they will resume with the war's close.

Unheralded and unsung, except when they get into trouble, trami? steamers and sailing vessels play an important part in the ocean business of Tacoma. The combined length of Tacoma's docks is 8,840 feet; floor space of the general cargo docks is 1,049,900 square feet. In addition there are the docks of the Sjjerry Flour Company, the Tacoma Grain Company, the Puget Sound Flouring ]Mills Company, waterfront mills and the Tacoma Smelting Company.

The Northern Pacific owns practically the entire waterfront on the west side from Point Defiance to the head of the bay. The combined length of the Northern Pacific docks is 5,840 feet. The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway has 1,.500 feet of dock space constructed and is building 1,000 feet more. It has also a .500-foot elevator. The Union Pacific system recently built a 500-foot dock on its property on the middle waterway, and is building a large dock for the Glacier Fish Company.

Tacoma's total water business in 1915 (foreign, coastwise and Sound) amounted to $93.774,049— imports, $46,307,642, and exports. $47,466,407. Tacoma's total water business in 1914 was $62,978.425— exports, $28,347,728; imports, $34,630,697.

Rabare Rrothers of Old Tacoma have built scores of fishing boats and have enlarged their ]jlant. They are building a five- masted wooden lumber schooner. The Seaborn Shipyards Com- l)any, recently organized, is building two large schooners on the city waterway. A fleet of sixty fishing vessels operates out of Tacoma.

After twenty years' service betw^een Tacoma and Seattle, the famous steamer Flyer, which is known by toiu'ists all over the world, is now used as an extra boat by the Puget Sound Navi- gation Company. The Flyer was built in Portland early in 1892, going on the run between Tacoma and Seattle for the Col-

CHAKI.KS H. FOSTKIJ

Dean of railroad men. Ik- lias bcon with the Xorthern Pacific in Taeonia as city passenger agent for eighteen years

iiisroi^v or taco.ma 277

umbia River & Puget Sound Xavii-ation Company. In 1912 she was hoviglit hv the Pu^ct Sound Navigation Company. She is a wooden steamer, of narrow build and is one of the fastest vessels anywhere. For years the cloeks between Tacoma and Seattle were regulated l)y lu'- passing. Early placards adver- tising the Flyer were adorned \\ illi the picture of a fly, the motto being: "Fly on the Flyer." Later the fly was replaced by a seagull. When the Indiana])olis and Tacoma were i)laced on the run the Flyer was superannuated.

No one can stay long on the Tacoma waterfront without knowing Capt. W. Frank Andrews, manager of the Washing- ton Stevedoring Company; Andrew Foss, president of the Foss Launch Company; F. H. INIarvin. manager of the ()lymi)ia & Tacoma Navigation Company; Robert McCullough, generally known as "Bob," manager of the Tacoma Tug k Barge Com- pany; Capt. O. G. Olson, president of the Tacoma Tugboat Company, and R. H. Buddy, manager of Rothschild & Com- j)anv. These men have made shipping in one form or another their life work. Captain Andrews gave up the command of a British sailing ship to make Tacoma his home. The others have known Tacoma since she was an infant. Capt. T. S. Burley, former Blue Funnel pilot and partner of IMr. McCuflough, is now a mining man in Oregon.

CHAPTER XCI

HOW THE COMMERCIAL CLUB CAME INTO BEING O. F. COSPER^S

IDEA ITS FIRST OFFICERS CHAMBER OF COMMERCE COMES

IN APPLEBY AND WALKER PUSH BUILDING IDEA T. H.

MARTIN EMPLOYED SETS OUT SEVEN CARDINAL IDEAS LOVE

LEADS MONEY CAMPAIGN $oO,000 PUBLICITY FUND RAISED

HYLEBOS CREEK WATERWAY HELPING THE BELGIANS STONE

LEiU)S REORGANIZATION MO^'EilENT RACE-TO-THE-MOUNTAIN

FILM — DR. E. C. wheeler's ELECTION — MEN WHO HAVE BEEN ACTIVE A SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENTS FINIS.

O. F. Cosper was the originator of the present Commercial Club. He was connected with the Credit Bureau, which in the summer of 1907 conducted a trade excursion to Southwestern Washington. A day or so after the return of the party he heard George Scofield remark that of the whole number of men who made the journe\' he knew but five. The need of an organization where men could become acquainted imjH'essed itself upon Cosper and at once he i^resented his commercial club idea to Jolin T. Bibb, president of the Credit Bureau. Bibb ap- jn-oved it. Then Cosper carried it to S. A. Perkins, who enthu- siastically advised him to proceed. George S. Long, J. T. Arm- strong and Frank Blattner gave him additional encouragement and Cosper then proceeded to sign members to a tentative organi- zation. He and Bibb resolved not to call a meeting until 100 had been signed. This they afterward raised to 150 and finally to 250, and they procured 271 signatures. The first meeting was held in the Tacoma Hotel, October 29, 1907. Several conferences were held after that and a meeting in the Temple of Music, in the D. S. Johnston Building, January 7. 1908, adopted by-laws. Forty-five thousand dollars was subscribed and the total expense

278

ITTSTOin' OF TACOMA 279

1)1' (Idiiin it. iiuliulinu i)!!!!!!!!^-. c-tc\, was .$41. Cosper became the secretary. Tlie ()r<;aiii/,ati(iii look the secoiul floor of the Cliick- erinf>" lilock, on Hroadway. The first hoard of trustees was named Deeemlier "JO. 1!)07, to serve until the tliird ^Monday in January. litOH. They were S. M. Jackson, K. F. jMessinger, C. II. Ilyd., Alexander liaillie. John Ha^-ley, S. A. Perkijis. Fred S. Fog<r, George .M. IleUar. F. .1. M. Xeeley, A. U. Mills, W. R. Nichols. FriKst Lister, .1. S. Menelec, John T. Bibb and F. S. Blattner. At the Jajmaiy election the followiny officers were chosen :

President. .lolin T. Hihb: iirst \ ice president, Frnest Lister; second \ ice ])resident. Henry .\. HlHides: treasurer, Stei)hen A])pleby; secretary. (). 1'. Cosper; trustees, Overton G. Ellis, S. A. Perkins. E. J. McXeeley. C. IT. Hyde, George Scofield, AV. U. Nichols. F. F. Messinger. Jf)hn Bagley. J. S. ^Nlenefee, 1). I. Cornell. George S. Long. George H. Tarbell, C. II. Grin- nell. Marshall K. Snell and James II. Dege.

The oM (lijunlier oF Cdniiiiei'ce, whii'li long had had its quarters in the (li.inil'er of ('(iniinerce Hnilding at Broadway a!id Ninth Sti^-et. felt that the new organization Avould destroy it, whicii it evcntnally did. The time had come for the older orgam'zation to die. It had lived many years longer than such organizations usually survive. It had done, and was doing excel- lent work, tlmugh condemned, as is the custom, by a large number of persons who were not members of it and not helping it. George B. Burke was at the head of it and he gave generously of his time to its work. Around him were a handfid of loyal and ener- getic men. The secretaries of the organization in recent years, Jos. S. Whitehouse. I^ouis W. Pratt and A. li. Sommers. had done notew(ii-tli\- work. Unl llie |iiililie desired soinetliing iie\v. and the Commerci;d Cliib gained Inst.-iiil |)(i|)nlaiity. Aiiionn tiie first efforts made by the officers was to bring the old organiza- tion into the new. President Bibb gave much time to this and to the intricate task of smoothing out the difliculties arising in the new body. There was much othei- work to be done. The city was considering the construction of a jxiwer jilant ami a water ])lant. Bailioad and w at( iCrnnt facilities were before the peo])le. All were discussed again and again in the ample club locuns and

280 HISTORY OF TACOMA

JNIr. Bibb left office after two terms with the organization virile and growing. Henry Rhodes, the next president, ably continued the work. He lent his helj) to the consolidation idea which he was in a good position to handle as he had been one of the men who had stood faithfully by the old organization. But the consolida- tion was not brought about until the administration of D. I. Cornell, "smiling Dan," they called him — and no finer citizen has adorned the townsite.

All the time there had been discussed the question of construct- ing a building for the club. Stephen Appleby and Robert E.- Walker were the leading si^irits in that enterprise. In a little while the lots at A and Eleventh streets were bought for $50,000. An arrangement was made with the Weyerhaeuser Timber Com- l^any — the headcjuarters of which, by the way, Robert L. ]McCor- mick had savetl to Tacoma two or three times — to join with the club in the building jjlan. The building was completed in 1912, the club's share of the cost being $217,000. The furnishings cost $30,000.

jNIeantime there had grown a demand for a first-class publicist, acquainted with city-building plans, industrial development, and after many conferences A. E. Grafton was sent East to find the man. He searched Avell, and finally decided upon T. H. ^Martin, who for years had been a power in Atlanta and Georgia aifairs. He had written a history of Atlanta, had managed her fairs, had put on its feet a mammoth music festival plan, and in other ways had gained much more than state wide fame. His jirofession was that of a consulting engineer and as such he had built perhaps the largest sawmills in the South. The leading men of the Tacoma Club (|uickly learned that no mistake had been made in employ- ing jVIartin who, a genius in planning and organization, quickly set the club in the direction of definite constructive work. He came in 1911 and had been here but a short time until he advised the trustees to lay down seven cardinal ideas upon which work should be carried on without ceasing. These were:

A commercial wate^waJ^

A tideflats car sen'ice.

A steamer service to Vancouver and Victoria.

HISTOHV OF TACOMA 281

Automobile service to Kainier National Park and the rapid deVelojjnient of that park.

An industrial hatchery.

The creation of a eonmmiiity credit plan on tlie lines of the W'illianisport plan.

The collection of an adequate publicity fund.

This program was adopted ami ytar after year the officers and Secretary Martin worked away on it.

Charles II. Hyde's adiiiinistratif)n was notable for beneficial" trade excursions and iinijortaiit conventions, the removal of the club from the old to the new building and the lifting of its $60,000 building (M)l under a eonnnittee led by A. V. Love. Love, at a meeting held in consideration of this debt, disposed of all complaints that the business men were being asked to put up too much money, with the quaint remark: "I learned long ago, gentlemen, that the way to get more milk out of a cow is to keep her milked dry!"' I^ove's leadership was remarkably successful but it almost cost liim his life. A vei'v impoi-taiit work was tiie organi/ati(in. iiimn .Mai'tin's suggestion, of what is known as the Intercity Committee wliieli by disposing of some of the jealousies between Taeoina and Seattle made possible united action in demanding ai)proi)riations for mountain development, and the largest apjiropriation since Congressman Cushman's time was obtained. These appropriations have been made regularly since. The Hyde administration also led the coast in the movement for military i)rej)aredness, a work in which Stephen Appleby and Franklin Fogg are now the local leaders.

August 11. 1011. the publicity fund, with the .$.).()()() donation made by the club itself, leaelud it^.l'J.SHO.S."). This fund was i^laeed in tlic bands of the Advisory ("(immittci- of the oi-ganization which hail iiccn a|)|)iiint((i by President CorneU. The members of this committee were Chester Thorne, Henry Khodes, AVilliam A''irges, Everett G. Griggs, Charles II. Hyde and George S. I.,ong. This eonnnittee ])ut out in an effective way nearly four hvmdred tlunisand ])ieees of literature u])on ])lans suggested by Martin, and won the ])laudits of sister organizations everywhere. .\m<ing the |)ubli('ations sint out were 2.000 co])ies of .Idhn II. \\'iniams" hook. "Tiie Mountain That \Vas God." These were

282 HISTORY OF TACOMA

placed in the rooms of commercial organizations and clubs all over the country. Thousands of responses came from this cam- paign of publicity. ^Mountain travel and other indications point to the fact that the returns are coming in.

President Scofield's annual report in January, 1914, made a showing of further progress. His administration was con- fronted with the task of raising $60,000 more to be applied to the building. Further important work was done toward bringing an army jiost to American Lake — an enterprise in which William Jones long has been a moving spirit. An important trade excur- sion to Southwestern Wasliington cities served further to cement the friendly feeling toward Tacoma in that section. On that trip George H. Stone made a speech in Raymond on business integrity and efficiency that is still talked of there and here. Three mem- bers of tlie cabinet were entertained — Hon. Franklin K. Lane, Hon. Josephus Daniels and Hon. Lindley 31. Garrison; also ]Maj. Gen. Leonard Wood, chief of staff, and other important military leaders. The need of an assistant secretary brought into the work of the club Irving W. Ziegaus, keen and indefatigable. He resigned in 1913 to become secretary to Gov. Ernest Lister.

In the administration of George ^Milton Savage the Taxpay- ers' Association, with ^^'illiam II. Snell as chairman, Avas formed. The Washington Boys' and Girls' Agricultural and Industrial Contest was conducted in the armory, under the club's auspices and it awarded about three thousand dollars in prizes. This attracted more than state-wide attention. The organization of a connnittee with Joshua Peirce as chairman to check and revise l^roperty valuations, performed one of the most valuable services in years. Assessor C. A. Cook cooperated with the committee heartily. And at last the arrangements were completed for the tideflats car service, an account of which appears elsewhere.

President Savage was able to amiounce, too, in liis semi- annual report September 17. 1914. the successful outcome after many months of hard work, of arrangements for the construc- tion of the first unit of the great commercial waterway project. In D. I. Cornell's administration Virgil Bogue, tlie eminent engi- neer, had been employed by the clul^ on Secretaiy INIartin's sug- gestion, to make a complete survey, witli recommendations

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covfiiiin tlir (K\ cliipiiniil ol' llu- 'l";ic<mi;i w utiTri'ont. Tlic cliil) paid aliinit li\c tlmusaiul dollars lor this valiialik- survey. At- tfin|)ls wvvv iiiadc to c.stal)lisli a poll coniiiiissioii, and elections were held. The public rejected the plan. .Savage determinedly stood by ills guns in spite of bitter attacks. At length he procured from Gen. James M. Ashton the gift of a right of way through his Hylebos Creek property — a gift embracing about forty acres and worth perhaps one hundred thousand dollars. This made the waterway achievement possible. It will add to Tacoma's factory and shipi)ing facilities five miles of waterfront, with ami)le depth foi- {lee])-sea vessels. Jn all the work in connection with the waterwav (k\ elopineiit W. A. Whitman has been one of the most diligent guardians.

Important publicity work had been done — the distribution of "the Tacoma book," a beautiful ])ublication issued with the pecu- niary assistance of the Oregon-Washington llailroad Company, was an achievement. Kach cojjy was accom])anied liy a personal letter. TIu' clnb ri'C(i\ rd li'.OOO littt is in icplx , and nwv day they were strung out along ra<-ific A\Hiiucon a wire — a fluttering evi- dence inaiix- rods in length of the adage that advertising pays.

An iiiipoitant duty in lit I !■ was the collection of food sui)])lies for the suffering Belgians, the committeemen being Herbert Hunt, John Sehlarb and J. II. Holme. This committee devel- oped a plan at once so simple and effective that Seattle and other cities adojjted it. Tacoma gathered $11,-181.70 worth of foods and shijjped them on the steamer AVashington which was sent by the Relief Committee in New York, and that coniniittee bought with its funds a large cargo of flom- i'rom Tacoma mills. Year alter year the club has given support to the Trans])ortation Bureau, of which .lay W. McCune, studious and illligent. is secretary. It has been of very material service in protecting Tacoma's mercantile interests in the matter of freight charges.

George II. Stone took the reins of the organization wlicn it was distinctly on the down grade in the |)ublic esteem, but not in the vigor of its good intcTition nor its real capacity to perform. In lln' lives of all coiiiiih rcial iiodies that have a seml)lance of democratic inaiiagciiM iil llu re come periods of dissension, largely due to needless inisiindcistaiiilings. and the Tacoma bod\- bad

284 HISTORY OF TACOMA

reached that j)oint. Upon Secretary ^Martin liad been loaded the blame for the alleged errors of the trustees, the advisory board and even of the membership itself. Four boards of trus- tees had elected and reelected him, jjractically by a unanimous vote, year after year, and the board of 1915 still had faith in his abilities and deep friendshij) for him, as had most of the leading men in the organization, but they all realized that a reorgani- zation would have to be made. None realized it more than JMartin, and repeatedly lie had tendered his resignation to the board with advice that an entirelv new order of thin"s would have to be established.

In the midst of such difficulties, oNIartin originated and car- ried to success the race-to-the-mountain moving picture film, one of the most profitable publicity achievements any city ever knew. The film was shown to thousands of persons at the Panama Paci- fic Exposition. It represented a train racing with automobiles to Ashford, and its thrills carried conviction.

President Stone energetically took up the reorganization l^lan, became its leader, and after it had been well considered, appointed a committee of which jNIaj. Everett G. Griggs was the head, to carry out the program. H. Van R. Chase, a IJrofessional organizer of conmiercial bodies, was brought on to direct the work, and his intensive plans were carried out by a number of committees, resulting in obtaining a membership of 2,j00 and an annual income for three years of $00,000 per annum. Dr. Ernest C. "\Mieeler, who had been very active as vice i^resident of the old organization, was recognized long before the elections as the probable president of the new one, ]Mr. Stone having declined to stand for reelection. Giles Smith acted as secretary until A. L. Sommers could come from Shebovffan, Wis., where he had made a great success. Doctor Wheeler's leadership has been straightforward and vigorous.

Some of the men who. through the Commercial Club, have laboretl with earnestness in the comnumity's behalf are Fred C. Brewer. F. C. Gault, W. H. Pringle. A. G. Prichard, E. R. York, William Ferguson, Robert ]M. Davis, IMeyer Jacob, W. A. Whitman, Edward ^Miller. Leo H. Long, Harry B. Opie, W. Carr :Morrow, E. J. Walsh, William Carruthers, Dr. F. J.

HISTOID' OF TACOMA 285

Schiig, Frank E. Jeffries, J. Harry \\\n-. A. II. Bassett, D. II. Kuwaii. v.. H. Kiny. II. .1. Scliuimi. .John Ilartmaii. City Attorney \'. V.. Ilariuuiu C. M . Hiddell, Klmer M. Ilayden, John Hea. .1. A. Fleasaiits, 1{. 1{. Mattison, Eriie.st Dol^e, J. C;. Newheniii, A. M. Iiiger.soll. K. J. MeXeeley. S. K. Halkwill, S. A. Perkins. J. F. Carman. 1). I). A. Ontealt. W. IF Miller, IF F. O'Neal. Theopliil Feist, George 1). Dnnn. F. F. Iliberly, Orville Billings, Maurice I.,anghorne, Frank S. Baker, AN'illiaiii 'S'irges, Elliott Kelly. F. F. Dennian, S. A. Xourse, Dr. IF J. Whitacer. G. IF Italeigh, William C. Alhee. Capt. \V. Frank Andrews. 1,. 1,. Dond, Kalpli B. Smith, E. B. Judson, A. IF Barnhisel. Thomas Carstens, B. E. Buekmaster, M. J. Buren, M. (.',. A. DnBuisson, Dr. W. G. Cameron, George E. Cleve- land. K. F. Faffoon, Guy K. Flewellyn, Dr. I.,. F. Fove, Senator Ralph Metealf. Dr. E. A. Bieh. \V. F. Stillson. Jesse O. Thomas. Dr. C. Stuart Wilson, C. C. Dond, (ieorge W. Bounds, Fouis IF Bean. ex-(iov. F. P. Savage. W. W. Seymour, \V . B. Bust, Walter J. Tlinnipsdn. I'riiKrick Ikehe, Chester Tlioine. Charles Bichardson. tlir sihei' haiicd. whose keen sliat'ts. hril- liaiit (ii-atory and I'adiant geniality have inspired many an audi- ence of Tacoma business men, and Cieorge S. Fong, the wi.se. Of those achievements at which the organization aimed two remain unattained. The waterway is a reality. Chester Thorne, who at the election for waterway commission was honored with a unanimous vote, all of the sixty-six ])ersons in the district vot- ing for him: .Inhn Hntfelen and I. X. Hague wire placed in charge of the waterway work. Cieorge Tayloi- later was chosen to succeed Mr. Hague. Condenniations have been concluded. Contracts have been let. The watci'way is a certainty. The tidcHats car line is luiill and in .Marcli. I'.tK!. began to pay its own way. The sUatncr seivice to Hritish Colnmbia ports was established. Excellent automol)ile service to the X'ational Park is now given and the developnient of ])ark accommodations under the direction of a com])any conii)osed of Chester Thorne, F. G. (iriiiiis. William .Tones. T. H. Maitin and 1''. C. Cornell of Ta- coma and .Idsi pli i'llillicn ;ind C. I). Sliiiivdn nf .Sialllc. and di- iect((l by T. II. M.-iilin. is nmlci' \\ay. The publicity I'nnd has been collected and wisely expended. There remains the indus-

286 HISTORY OF TACOMA

trial hatchery and the creation of an industrial credit fund on the Williamsport jjlan — hotli of them essential in the forwarding of the city's industrial growth, and hoth of them certain to be brought about, as the reorganized club properly finds itself. The institution has reason to be proud of what it has done; equally

proud of the opportunities it has for further Avork.

* * *

The city has made excellent progress along substantial lines. Its feet are upon solid rock. It offers to shipping and to man- ufacturing unusual advantages which must carry it to attainments scarcely dreamed of. Its banks are ably managed. It is blessed witli a school system of which any city would be proud. It is attaining a handsome church architectiu'e and an able ministry. Its business section constantly is improving the substantiability and ornateness of its blocks. Already noted as a city of comely homes, the building and beautifying of them grows each year to be a stronger characteristic. Tacoma is gaining in moral strength — no longer does it show the fang of a reckless frontier life. In music and art its progress is marked. The loveliness of its parks besiJeaks a pride in dismissing the slovenliness of the bare jjlaces and in conserving the beauties wrought by nature. Again and again the community has spoken out of its ballot boxes for cleanliness and decency and orderly procedure. Its business men have given and given again and again with a generosity that reaches the heroic in order that certain community essentials may develop. Equally magnanimous they have been when the cry of want is lieard from out of the drear places. Our tendency is toward a sounder democracy, which shall blossom into a glorious reality as we know each other better. Let us say with the Ajjostle Paul, proud and unafraid:

"I am a citizen of no mean city!"

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AS 1<) CITY KI.F.CTIONS FROM ISTl TO lOn.'i IXCI.USIVE

OLD TAtOJlA

On iiftition the county coniniissioners orcU-nd an election to be held in the City of Tacouia -Moiulay, June 8, 1871, for the elettion of five trustees. The following received a majority of all the votes cast at said eleetioii, viz.: ,)ol) Carr, A. Walters, J. W. Chambers, A. C. Canii)bell and S. C. Ilowes.

The board organized .June 9, 187-t, and elected .Joli Carr president and W. II. McCain clerk. S. C. Howes declined to (lualifv as a trustee, by reason of not l)eing a citizen of the L'nited States. June 13, 1871, I.. Miller was ai)i)ointed marshal, and George K. Atkinson treasurer. June 15, 1871, J. U. Ralston was elected trustee, vice S. C. Howes, not (|ualified. ,lune 21, 1871, W. H. McCain was appointed city assessor. October 26, 1871, A. .'\. Wentworth was a])|>ointed marshal, vice I.. Dillcr, resigned.

.\t the annual election held May 3, 1875, J. R. Ralston, .\. Walters, S. C. Howes, A. .1. \Vhi])|)le and J. \V. Chambers were elected trustees. On the 15th of May the Ixiard organized and elected .\. Walters, president; Charles Prosch, clerk, and George E. .\tkinson, treasurer. May 22, 1875, J. H. Smith was elected trustee, vice J. R. Ralston, resigni'd. .1. If. li ilston was elcctrd iiiaislial, and I). H. Hannah ijipointed recorder.

.\t the annual election held May 8, lK7(i. .\. Walters, J. W. Chaml)ers, A. J. Whipple, S. C. Howes and J. W. .\ckerson were elected trustees. The board organ- ized May 10, 187(i, and elected .August Walters, president; H. B. Crunwner, clerk; J. R. Ralston, marshal; George E. Atkinson, treasurer, and D. B. Hannah, recorder. January 5, 1877, Job Carr was appointed connnitting magistrate, vice D. B. Hannah, removed.

.\t the annual election held .May 7, 1877, J. W. ,\ekerson, 1). 11. Ilaiiriali, August Walters, .1. W. Bowers and II. Ramsdi'll were clccti-d trustees. The board organized May 17, 1877, and elected .\. Walters, president; H. B. Crummer, clerk; H. D. Mont- gomery, marshal; George E. .\tkinson, treasurer, and ,Iob Carr, Judicial officer. October 1, 1877, .\. M. .\dams was elected clerk, vice H. B. Crummer, resigned. Jen- uary 7. 1878, Howard Carr was elected marshall, vice II. I). .Montgomery, resigned.

At the annual election held .May (i, 1878, A. Widters, D. B. Hannah, J. W. Bowers, J. 11. Kanisdell and J. W. .\ckerson were elected trustees. The 13th of May the board organizecl and electe<l .\. Walters, president; A. M. Adams, clerk; f Toward Carr, marshal, George E. .\lkinson, treasurer, anil Job Carr, connnitting magistrate. July 13. 1878, N. Costley was elected clerk, vice .\. M. .\dams, resigned.

.\t the annual election held May 5, 187<l. V. W. Sullivan, .\. J. Whipple, J. W. Bowers, J. H. Ramsdell and R. .Mealh wen- elected trustees. On the 1 Uh of May, 187!), the board organized and elected A. .1. Whipple, president; N. Costley, clerk; Cii'orge K. .Mkinson, treasurer, and Howard Carr. marshal. June 2, 187!l, .S. C. Ilowi's was eli-cted eitv recorder.

At the annual (bctiiMi liild May .'1. I8M0, E. W. Sullivan, A. J. Babc(i<-k. Ira Bradish. H. Carr, an<l J. 11. Ramsdell wire elected trustees. On the I Kb of May, 1880, the board organized and elect<'d E. W. .Sullivan, i)resident, and N. Costley, clerk. On the Kill of May the trustees elected .lob Carr, marshal; Gi-orge E. .Atkinson,

287

288 HISTORY OF TACOMA

treasurer, and S. C. Howes, judicial officer. June 7, 1880, J. N. Fuller was elected treasurer, vice George E. Atkinson, who failed to qualify. September (J, 1880, D. B. Hannah was appointed marshal, vice Job Carr, resigned. November 13, 1880, Howard Carr was appointed marshal, vice D. B. Hannah, resigned. March 7, 1881, Perry Place was elected trustee, vice H. Carr, resigned. April 6, 1881, A. J. Whipple was elected trustee, vice J. H. Kanisdell, resigned.

At the annual election held May 2, 1881, A. Walters, A. J. Babcock, D. B. Hannah, S. B. Baker and Ira Bradish were elected trustees. On the 10th of May, 1881, the board organized and elected A. Walters, president; Mrs. E. C. Woods, clerk; J. H. Ramsdell, marshal, and J. N. Fuller, treasurer. May 16, 1881, A. M. Adams was elected treasurer, vice J. N. Fuller, resigned. June 15, 1881, D. B. Hannah was elected marshal, vice J. H. Ramsdell, who failed to qualify. September 23, 1881, J. N. Fuller was elected trustee, vice D. B. Hannah, resigned. November 7, 1881, Dr. Edward F. Miles was appointed health officer. November 8, 1881, Howard Carr was elected marshal, vice D. B. Hannah, removed. January IG, 1882, N. Costley was elected treasurer, vice A. M. Adams, resigned.

At the annual election held May 1, 1882, there were 64 votes cast. J. N. Fuller, S. B. Baker, A. Walters, F. W. Sullivan and P. Foster were elected trustees. On the 15th of May the board organized and elected A. Walters, president, and Estella C. Bradish, clerk. June 15, 1882, Howard Carr was elected marshal and N. Costley. treasurer. September 4, 1882, Mrs. A. Walters was elected treasurer, vice N. Costley, deceased. February 5, 1883, W. H. Harris was elected trustee, vice F. W. Sullivan.

At the annual election held May 7, 1883, A. Walters, I. N. Bradish, I. F. Beals, Job Carr and James Bush were elected trustees. May 14, 1883, the board organized and elected A. Walters, president, and Estella C. Bradish, clerk. May 22, 1883, the board elected W. H. Harris Marshal; Mrs. A. Walters, treasurer, and S. C. Howes, city justice. July 2, 1883, S. C. Howes was elected clerk, vice Estella C. Bradish, resigned. November 5, 1883, J. N. Fuller was elected trustee, vice I. F. Beals, resigned.

NEW TACOM.\

At a special election ordered by the county commissioners and held February 14, 1880, Theodore Hosmer, Henry C. Bostwick, Samuel Wilkeson Jr., David Lister Sr., and Stephen M. Nolan were elected trustees.

February 18 1880, the board organized and elected Theodore Hosmer, president, and Elwood Evans, clerk. February 26, 1880, the board elected Henry M'illiams, town marshal, and George F. Orchard, treasurer.

At the annual election held May 3, 1880, 110 votes were cast, and Theodore Hosmer, David Lister Sr., H. C. Bostwick, Samuel Wilkeson Jr., and Stephen M. Nolan were elected trustees.

May 12, 1880, the board organized and elected Theodore Hosmer, president; Elwood Evans, clerk; Henry Williams, marshal, and George F. Orchard, treasurer.

June 21, 1880, J. S. Howell was elected marshal, vice Henry Williams, resigned.

October 7, 1880, Joseph Lewis was elected marshal, vice J. S. Howell, removed by unanimous vote of the trustees for failure to perform the duties of his office.

November 17, 1880, Byron A. Young was elected marshal, vice Joseph Lewis, resigned.

February 2, 1881, Henry Windsor was elected marshal, vice Byron \. Young, resigned.

February 16, 1881, John T. Wills was elected marshal, vice Henry Windsor, who failed to qualify.

At the annual election held M:iy 2, 1881, there were 182 votes cast, and David Lister Sr., Myron J. Cogswell, S. F. Sahm, George F. Orchard and Theodore Hosmer were elected trustees.

Mav 9, 1881, the lioard organized, and elected David Lister Sr., president, and Samuel Wilkeson ,Ir., clerk.

May 25, 1881, A. Van Meter was elected marshal, vice J. T. Wills, resigned.

HISTOin' OF TACOMA 289

June 1, 1S8I, H. C. Davis wiis i-lrctcil tri-asurcr.

Junt 25, 1S81, A. H. I.owr was t-lectecl iiiarslial, vici- A. \"aii Meter, ri-sij;nid.

Novfinber 2, 1881, Dr. V. M. 11. Winj; was apiuiinteil iK-allh otlifiT.

Under n s|)ceial act of the Legislature, passed N'oveiiil)er 5, 1881, entitled "An Act to Confer a City Government upon New Taconia," the board of trustees was merged into the ••eniMnion council." and the presiilent of the board became the acting mayor.

November Hi, 18HI, the eonunon council elected .Iose|)h H. Houghton, common councilman from the ward south of South Ninth Street, in com])liance with section 76 of the city charter.

Deccndier 10, 1881, .1. II. Wilt was elected city assessor.

January 4, 1882, J. H. Wilt was elected clerk, vice Samuel Wilkcson Jr., resigned.

At the annual election held -May 3, 1882, there were .332 votes cast, at which time the following officers were elected: Mayor, Theodore Hosnier; Marshal, E. O. Fulmer; couneilmen— First Ward, three years, George W. .Alexander; First Ward, two years, A. S. Abernethy Jr.; First Ward, one year, Jacob Halstead; Second Ward, three years, John E. Burns; Second Ward, two years, Charles Spraguc; Sc^eond Ward, one j-ear, G. W. Bonbright.

May 17, 1882, the council organized, and elected the following officers: City clerk, assessor and collector, J. II. Wilt; city attorney, .Mexander Campbell; city treasurer, H. C. Davis; committing magistrate, CD. Young; city surveyor, D. D. Clark; street commissioner, E. G. Uacon; harbor conmiissioner, J. S. Walker; health officer. Dr. H. C. Bostwick.

.Mav 29, 1882, I.. G. Shelton was elected city assessor, vice J. II. Wilt, resigned; and E. O. Fulmer was elected collector, vice J. H. Wilt, resigned.

September (i, 1882, George F. Orchard was elected councilman from First Ward, vice Jacob Halstead, deceased; and .\. S. .\beriietliy ,Ir., was elected mayor, vice Theodore Hosnier, resigned.

September 20, 1882, Isaac W. .\nderson was elected couiieilmaM from First W.ird, vice \. S. .'\bernethy Jr., elected mayor.

Isaac Pincus was elected councilm.iii fri>iii .Sccund Ward, vice G. W. lionliright, resigned.

October 18, 1882, Dr. K. .1. .\shmore was elected health officer, vice H. C. Bost- wick, resigned.

January 10, 1883, .Mexander Cam])bell was elected conimitting magistrate, vice C. D. Young.

January 2.3, 1888, Elwood Evans was elected city attorney, vice .Mexander Campbell.

,\t the annual election held May 7, 1888, the following officers were elected:

Councilman from First Ward, to serve three y.-ars, Bobert Wingate; councilman from Second Ward, to serve three years, Byron Barlow; marshal to serve one year, E. O. Fulmer.

June 7, 1888, the council organized with the following officers: Mayor, A. S. Abernethy Jr.; couneilmen — First Ward, G. W. .Mexander, Isaac Anderson and Robert Wingate; Second Ward, J. E. Burns, Charles W. Sprague and Byron Barlow; conunittinp magistrate, .Mexander Campbell; city <-lerk, .1. M. Wilt; city attorney, Elwood Evans; city treasurer, H. C. Davis; health officer. Dr. E. J. Ashmore; city surveyor, C. O. Bean; street commissioner. I'',. G. Bacon; harbor master, K. .M. .Mount- fort; nsse.s.snr, I,. G. Shelton; marshal and collector, E. O. Fulmer.

July 18, 1888, E. N. Ouimette was elected councilman from the Second Ward, vice C. W. .Sprague, resigned.

September 27, 1883, William Uobertson was elected councihnan from the First Ward, vice G. W. -Mexander, resigni-d, anil F. O. M<ik<T was electid city clerk, vice J. H. Wilt, resigned.

CITV OF T.XCOM.V

Noveml)er 29, 1883, the Council .lournal of Old T.ieom.i shows the appointment of "election officers to serve at a special election to be held in the First W.ird of the

290 HISTORY OF TACOMA

consolidatctl cities." November 30, lt>83, the Council Journal of New Tacoma has the following record: "The city clerk was instructed to give due notice of the elec- tion to l)e held December 10, 1883, according lo law." There is no further record as to this first election of the consolidated cities, but it was probably held on the above date, and the following officers were elected: Mayor, John W. Sprague; council- men — First Ward, George E. Atkinson, Howard Carr and John X. Fuller; Second Ward, C. A. Richardson, George O. Kelly and George B. Kandle; Third Ward, John

E. Burns, F. W. Bashford and R. J. Weisbach.

The council met January 7, 1884, and elected the following officers: City clerk, Samuel C. Howes; city attorney, Louis D. Campbell; conuuitting magistrates. First Ward, Samuel C. Howes; Second and Third wards, Alexander Campbell; health officer. Dr. James Vercoe; city surveyor, C. O. Bean; street commissioner, E. C. Bacon; harbor master, Jeremiah J. Parker; assessor, A. H. Lowe; collector, Frank O. Meeker.

January 9, 1884, John Murry was elected city treasurer. January 16, 1884, A. H. Lowe was elected collector, vice F. O. Meeker, resigned.

February 13, 1884, Job Carr was elected city assessor and collector, vice A. H. Lowe, resigned; and W. H. Harris was elected committing magistrate of the First Ward.

March 22, 1884, Dr. .lohn F. Beardsley was elected health officer, vice Dr. James Vercoe, resigned; and K. O. Fulmer was elected collector.

At the annual election, held May 5, 1884, there were 974 votes cast, and the fol- lowing officers were elected: Mayor, R. J. Weisbach; marshal, E. O. Fulmer; council- men. First Ward, Howard Carr, three years; J.*N. Fuller, two years, and F. W. Sullivan, one year. Second Ward, J. H. Houghton, three years; W. P. Bonney, two years, and Samuel Wilkeson Jr., one year. Third Ward, F. W. Bashford, three years;

F. T. Olds, two years, and J. V. Chamberlain, one year.

May 21, 1884, the following officers were elected: City clerk, William J. Meade. Committing magistrates. First Ward, W. H. Harris; Second and Third wards, Alexander Campbell.

May 22, 1884, the following officers were elected: City attorney, Louis D. Camp- bell; health officer. Dr. John F. Beardsley; city surveyor, C. O. Bean; street com- missioner, Henry O. Geigcr; harbor master, Charles A. Enell; assessor and collector, .Tob Carr.

At a special election held June Hi, 1884, George E. Atkinson and S. C. Howes were elected councilmen from the First Ward to succeed Howard Carr and J. N. Fuller, resigned.

July 2, 1884, J. C. Sbepperd was elected city assessor and collector, vice Jol) Carr, who failed to qualify.

September 3, 1884, Dr. J. A. C. McCoy was elected health officer, vice J. F. Beardsley, resigned.

October 1, 1884, H. O. Geiger was elected city assessor and collector, vice .T. C. Shepperd.

January 7, 188-5, the coimcil elected the following officers: Conuuitting magis- trates. First Ward, W. H. Harris; Second Ward, Alexander Campbell; Third Ward, A. E. Lawrence.

At the annual election held Jlay 4, 188.5, there were 1.0.5-5 votes cast, and the fol- lowing officers were elected: Marshal, E. O. Fulmer. Councilmen, First Ward, George E. Atkinson, one year; D. B. Hannah, two years, and H. M. Lillis, three years; Second Ward, George E. Kelley, three years; Third Ward, E. G. Bacon, three years.

May 20, 189-5, the council elected the following officers: City clerk, M'illiam J. Meade; city attorney, George Fuller. Conuuitting magistrates. First Ward, W. H. Harris; Second Ward, Alexander Campbell; Third Ward, Abram E. Lawrence; surveyor, C. O. Bean; health officer. Dr. J. A. C. McCoy; street commissioner and collector, H. O. Geiger; harbor master, A. Walters; city assessor, Benjamin Macready.

June 6, 188.5, the mayor, R. J. Weisbach, appointed himself chief of police, and was confirmed bv the council.

HISTORY OF TACOMA 2<Jl

At the annual oU-ction lulil May t, lSK(i, IIhti- were 1,128 votes cast, ami the following officers were elected: .Mayor, Jacob C Mann; city attorney, Thomas Car- roll; city treasurer, .lohn Murry; street conunissioner, Frank McCiill; city surveyor, Clarence O. Hean; councilnicn. Fourth Ward, two years, Byron Jliller, and one year, John A. McGouldrick.

May 15, IHHli, the council elected the followinp officers: Coinmitting magistrates, First Ward, W. H. Harris; Second Ward, Alexander Camphell, Third Ward, A. E. Lawrence.

August 28, 1HS6, the council elected 11. V. .McKay chief of police, vice U. .1. Weisliach, resigned, and also elected the following officers: City clerk, W. J. Meade; health officer, Johnson .Armstrong; (ire warden, ,1. I). Kamey ; harbor master, K. M. Mountfort; port warden, F. S. Crosby.

January 8, 1887, the council elected J. IJ. Hedges, city asscs.sor.

.\t the annual election held May 3, 1887, tliere were 969 votes cast, and the fol- lowing officers were elected: Mayor, Ira A. Town; city attorney, Thomas Carroll; city treasurer, .M. .M. Taylor; street commissioner, ,1. P. Hodgins; city surveyor, Clarence O. IJean; couneilmen for two years. First W'ard, K. A. Collins; Second Ward, .1. H. Houghton, Third Ward, William Zinr.im; Fourth Ward, John HorsfaU.

May 11, 1887, the council elected the following officers: City clerk, William J. Meade. Conuuitting magistrates. First Ward, Sanuiel C. Howes; Second W'ard, Charles X. Senter; Third Ward, .\. E. Lawrence; Fourth Ward, W. A. Lammey; city assessor, J. B. Hedges; health officer, Johnson Armstrong; (ire warden, H. M. Lillis; harbor master and port warden, R. M. Mountfort.

-May 21, 1887, the council electt'd .John X. Fuller, chief of police.

December IT, 1887, the council elected H. M. Lillis committing magistrate for the First Ward, vice Samuel C. Howes, deceased.

January 21, 1888, the council elected L. G. Shelton city asses.sor, vice J. B. Hedges, resigned.

.lanuary 2.'), 1S8S, tlie council elected I'r-ciiiiiiil ('.■Mri|)hell city assessor, vice L. G. .S|i( Itnri, who declined the office.

.\t the annual election held May 1, 1888, llurc wire 1,799 votes cast and the following officers were elected: Mayor, Henry llrum; city attorney, Thomas Carroll; city treasurer, L. K. Sampson; street conunissioner, .1. 1'. Hodgins; city engineer, C. O. Bean; couneilmen. First W;ird, H. M. Lillis, Second Ward, J. D. Caugliran; Third Ward, J. B. Houghton; Fourth Ward, J. .M. Steele.

.May I l, 1888, till- <-onncil electe<l the following officers: City clerk, Williiim .1. Meade (on the .'J(>2<1 ballot); h.irbor master and jHirt warden, R. M. Mountfort; fire warden. E. (!. Bacon; he.ilth officer, F. C. Miller; chief of ])olice, J. B. Thompson. Conuuitting magistrates. First Ward, H. \1. lillis; Second Ward, C. X. Senter; Third Ward, .\. E. Lawrence; Fourth Ward, \\ . A. I.ammey.

January 12, 1889, the council elected .1. .M. Keen city assessor.

February Hi, 1889, H. C. Patrick and J. B. Best were elected by (be eily coumil as committing magistrates of Taconia precincts.

.\t the annual election held May 7, 1889, 2,2.'57 votes were cast, and the following officers were elected: .Mayor, S. .\. Wheelwright; city attorney, W. 11. Snell; city tri'asurer, S. T. .\rmstrong; street conunissioner, .1. P. Hodgins; city engineer, C. O. Beau; couneilmen. First Ward, no elecliou, there being a tie vote; Second Ward, Charli-s T. L'hlman; Third Ward, J. M. Dmigan; Fourth Ward, ,lohn Horsfall.

May 18, 1889, the council electe<l the following officers: city clerk, William .1. -Meade; health officer, F. L. Goddard; fire warden, ,T. 1). Rainey; harbor master and jiort warden, R. M. .Mountfort; chief of police, .\. M. Chesney.

.\t a special election held July 2, 1889, John I'. Fuller was elected ciniiuiliM.in from the First Ward until the next annual election.

October 30. 1889, the council elected Fred T. Taylor city assessor.

Xovember 2, 1889, the eoiiniil eli-cted I'.. .1. Kniiler city clerk, vice William J. -Meade, resigned.

December 23, 1889, the council ili-etiil .lobii Forbes building inspector.

2^2 HISTORY OF TACOMA

March 1, 1890, the council elected H. M. Lillis chief of fire department, vice J. D. Rainey, removed.

March S, 1890, the council elected S. C. Milligan city attorney, vice W. H. Snell, resigned; and elected J. C. B. O'Neil inspector of plumbing and drainage.

April 2(), 1890, the council elected George Haskin city clerk, vice E. G. Kreider, resigned.

April 20, 1890, the council canvassed the returns of census enumerators, completed April 1.9, 1890, and certified that the whole number of persons residing within the corporate limits of the City of Tacoma was 28,4-13.

At the annual election held May 6, 1890, there were 4,300 votes cast, and the following oiBcers were elected: Mayor, Stuart Rice; city attorney, S. C. Milligan; city treasurer, Grattan H. Wheeler; city surveyor, Colin Mcintosh; street commis- sioner, J. P. Hodgins. Councilmen, First Ward, short term, Frank A. Smalley, long term, John X. Fuller; Second Ward, Charles T. Manning; Third Ward, W. A. Freeman; Fourth Ward, John A. McGouldrick.

May 17, 1890, the council elected the following officers: City clerk, Charles E. Hill; chief of police, Mark Dillon; chief of fire department, H. M. Lillis; assistant chief fire department, W. D. McGee; harbor master and port warden, R. M. Mount- fort; building inspector, John Forbes; health officer, J. T. Binkley; plumbing inspector, J. C. B. O'Neil; city assessor, Fred T. Taylor.

At a special election held June 10, 1890, for the election of fifteen freeholders for the purpose of framing a new city charter, under the provisions of Ordinance No. 316, the following persons were declared duly elected: W. J. Meade, J. N. Steele, M. M. Taylor, J. H. Houghton, George O. Kelly, J. D. Caughran, J. C. Weatherred, H. O. Geiger, Thomas Carroll, W. H. Shell, W. C. Sharpstein, L. D. Campbell, C. A. Has- brouck, Theodore Huggins and F. T. Olds.

June 14, 1890, the council elected Allen C. Mason, Henry Drum, George Browne, Isaac W. Anderson, L. E. Sampson, James M. Steele and F. I. Meade as park com- missioners for the ensuing year.

October 18, 1890, an election held at which the new city charter was adopted, and the officers therein provided for elected as follows: Mayor, George B. Kandle; city treasurer, George W. Boggs; city controller, J. H. Houghton; police judge, E. N. Parker; city physician, F. L. Goddard; councilmen. First Ward, Howard Carr and Edward S. Orr; Second Ward, O. B. Hayden and M. S. Hill; Third Ward, H. H. Warner and R. G. Meath; Fourth Ward, C. M. Johnson and H. C. Berryhill.

Xovember 8, 1890, the following nominations by the mayor were unanimously con- firmed: Health officer, H. P. Tuttle; chief of fire department, H. M. I,illis; board of public works, Byron Barlow, J. P. Hodgins and Colin Mcintosh; park commissioners, George Browne and I. F. Mead, three years, Isaac W. Anderson and Henry Drum, two years, and John M. Steele, one year; harbor masier, G. F. Lindquist; controller, Fred T. Taylor (elected controller, vice J. H. Houghton, who failed to qualify) ; deputy city clerk, George Haskin.

November 15, 1890, the council confirmed the following nominations: City attor- ney, S. C. Milligan; chief of police, AV^ F. Zwickey.

November 22, 1890, the council confirmed the nomination of A. N. Fitch as park commissioner, vice J. M. Steele, who failed to qualify.

December 20, 1890, the council elected H. C. Clement councilman from the Second Ward, vice O. B. Hayden, resigned, also elected George Haskin city clerk, vice C. E. Hill, resigned.

February 3, 1891, a special election was held for the purpose of voting the ques- tion of issuing bonds for funding the outstanding indebtedness of the City of Tacoma, and for issuing .$200,000 in bonds for -the erection of a city hall building. There were 3,077 votes cast, as follows: For issuing the bonds, 2,986; against issuing the bonds, 81; blank, 10.

February 7, 1891, the council confirmed the mayor's nomination of R. L. Robertson, building inspector.

February 21, 1891, the council appointed Harry H. Sharp committing magistrate,

IIlSTOltV OF TACOMA 293

"l)ciiding the passage of a bill by the Legislature for the orgaiiizution of u police court."

February "JH, lhi)l, tbe cDUiicil conlirnud tlic fiillowiii); appointnu'iits: Chief of police, L. D. Ellis, vice W. F. Zwickey, resigned; clerk of Municipal Court, W. B. Lurty.

April 17, ISyi, a sjieeial election was lield under Ordinance No. 3!)8, for the purpose of sul)initting to the electors the question of annexing the territory described in said Ordinance No. 89H, to the City of Tacoma, with the following result: Inside the city limits, for annexation, .VJ'i; against annexation, 80; outside the city limits, for annex- ation, 162; against annexation, !)8.

.\ugust 8, 18!)1, the council confirmed the following appointments by the mayor, for nu'mbers of the water works connnission: Nelson liennctl, Walter .1. 'rhom|>son, .'Mexander Parker, H. C. Bostwick, Ira A. Town, W. 15, lilackwell, Frederick T. Olds, \V. H. Fife, Thomas Carroll, J. C. Weatherred, (.Jeorge <). Kelly.

Decendier 2(), IK91, the council elected Frank Laidlaw councilman frciiu llu- I'irsl Ward, for the unexi)ired term of Howard Cnrr, deceased.

March 12, 1S!I2, the council elected D. L. Demorest councilman from the Third Ward, vice H. H. Warner, resigned.

.\t the annual election held .Ajiril .5, 1892, the following officers were elected: Mayor, Herbert S. Huson; treasurer, George W. Boggs; controller, Sanmel C. Slaugh- ter; city |)hysician, .lohnson .\rmstrong; couneihnen. First Ward, two years, Curtis A. Beals; First Ward, one year, V,. Steinbaeh; .Second Ward, two years, George H. Boardnian; .Second Ward, one year, John T. Lee; Third Ward, two years, William H. Grattan; Third Ward, one year, John Snyder; Fourth Ward, two years, Jerry Fortain; Fourth Ward, one year, E. A. Knoell; Fifth Ward, two years, Robert F. Wright; Fifth Ward, one year, John A. McGouldrick; Sixth Ward, two years, Henry II. War- ner; Sixth Ward, one year, James M. Junett; Seventh Ward, two years, John W. Berry; Seventh Ward, one year, James G. Proctor; Eighth Ward, two years. Royal A. Gove; ICighth Ward, one year, Harris .\. Correll.

.\l)ril 19, 1892, the ccuincil elected Sanmel J. .Sniythe city clerk.

.\pril 23, 1892, the council conlirmed the mayor's ap]KiintMi<-iit of 11. .M. I.illis, chief of fire department.

May +, 1892, the council conlirmed the mayor's ai)pointiiHnt of .\rvid liydstrom, menil>er of board of public works for one year.

May 14, 1892, the council confirmed the following appointments by the mayor: I). L. Demorest, member of board of |Mililic works for three years; John N. Fuller, niendier of board of public works for two years; J. B. Clift, harbor master; James R. Yoeuni, health officer; S. T. .Armstrong, deputy city treasurer.

.Mav 21, 1892, the council conlirmed the following appointments by the mayor: A. N. Fitch, number of board of park eonunissioners for thre<- years; G. W. Bidl.ird, building inspector for ime year; Lincoln Davis, chief of ])olice for one year.

.May 28, 1892, the council conlirmed the following appointment^ l>y llu- ni.iyor: city attorney, F. H. Murray; assistant city attorney, !•". E. Rosling.

June I, 1892, the council confirmed the following appointments by the mayor: Citv engineer, James M. Morrison; superintendent of streets, G. H. James; superin- tendent of sewers, Fred M. Zeiber.

.lanuary 3. 1893, the council conlininil the iii.iycir's iiiiiiDinlniciil '<( W . \. I'.iir- weathcr as clerk of .Municipal Court.

.lanuarv 28, 1893, the council conlirmed the mayor's .ippciintrm lit n( W. I'.. SliilTiT as license inspector, vice W. E. llice, removed.

.\t the annual election, held .April I, 1893, the following o(Iir( rs were elected to serve two years from .April 18, 1893: Couneihnen, First Ward, W II. Harris; Second Ward, John T. Lee; Third Ward. Isaac Pineus; Fourth Ward, .I.imks .1. Glenn; Fifth Ward, II. W. Nash; Sixth Ward, .1. .M. Junett; Seventh Ward. II. I.. Votaw; Eighth Ward, David Humphrey.

.A|>ril II, 1893. a special election was held, .it which the elretors voted on the following propositions as set forth in ordinances Nos. 790, 791 and 801:

(.\) Shall the City of Tacoma purchase the water works and electric light plant Vol 11—19

294 HISTORY OF TACOMA

and sources of water sujjply, of the Tacoma Light & Water Company, for the sum of one million seven hundred and fifteen thousand dollars ($1,715,0(10), for the purpose of extensions to said water works at an estimated cost of four hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) and borrow the sum of two million one hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($2,150,000), to be used for said purpose, and issue its negotiable coupon bonds therefor?

(B) Shall the City of Tacoma borrow the sum of one hundred and fifteen thousand dollars ($115,000) for the purpose of building a bridge extending from South Eleventh Street over the Puyallup River to the tideflats, and for one year's interest on the same at five (5) per cent, being the sum of one hundred and twenty thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars ($120,750), and issue its negotiable bonds for the sum so borrowed?

'I'he whole number of votes cast on proposition "A" was 5,207, of which

"For the purchase" received 3,200

"Against the purchase" received 1,981

Blank ballots cast 26

3-5 required to carry the proposition 3,124. 4-5

Majority over 3-5 required by charter 75 1-5

The whole number of votes cast on proposition "B" was 5,050, of which

"For bonds for bridge" received 3,271

"Against bonds for bridge" received 1,753

Blank ballots cast 26

3-5 required to carry the proposition 3,030

Majority over 3-5 required by charter 241

and both propositions were, on Ajjril 18, 1893, declared carried.

April 18, 1893, the council confirmed the following appointments by the mayor under Ordinance Xo. 812, passed April 8, 1893: Water and light conunissioners, George W. Thompson for a term of five years; F. T. Olds for a term of four years; John T. Redman for a term of three years; W. B. Blackwell for a term of two years; C. P. Jlasterson for a term of one year.

April 22, 1893, the council confirmed the following appointments by the mayor: Park commissioners, Henry Drum and I. W. Anderson for a term of three years ; member of the board of public works, Arvid Rydstrom for a term of three years; city attorney, F. H. Murray for a term of one year; chief of fire department, H. M. Lillis for the term of one year; chief of police, Lincoln Davis for the term of one year; inspector of building and plumbing, G. W. Bullard for the term of one year; harbor master, J. B. Clift for the term of one year; health officer. James R. Yocum for the term of one year. The first meeting of the city council in the new city hall at the northwest corner of Pacific .\venue and Seventh Street, was held April 29, 1893.

May 9, 1893, a special election was held at which the electors voted on the following proposition as set forth in ordinances Nos. 802 and 803: "That the City of Tacoma .shall borrow money and contract indebtedness by the issue and sale of .$506,000 of its nego- tiable bonds, for the purpose of providing for the necessary expenditure for the construc- tion of additions and extensions for the trunk sewer .system of the City of Tacoma. From the shore line of Commencement Bay southerly to South Eleventh and Cedar streets, by way of Carr, Cakes, Junett and Cedar streets; on East I Street, from alley between South Twenty-sixth and South Twenty-seventh streets to slough near South Twenty-first Street; from Puyallup and B streets southerly and westerly through sec- tions 9, 8, 7, 18, *3 and 24, to the south boundary of the city at Proctor Street, at a total estimated cost of .$506,000."

The result of the vote as canvassed liy the city council on the 16th day of May, 1893, was as follows:

Total number of %otes cast •. 2,015

For the proposition 1,603

Against the projiosition 395

iirsTOHv or tacoma 295

Bl.ink liallofs IT

3-5 rt-quircd to oirry proposition 1^09

Majority over 3-5 riMjiiircil l)y charter 39+

and tlic proposition was declared carried.

May 27, 1893, the council confirmed the mayor's appoiiitimiit of .1. W. Deifendorf as license insi>ector.

January 27, 1891, the council eonliniied the mayor's appointment of William Curtis Taylor as librarian for the term of five years.

.\t the annual election held ,\pril 3, IH9I-, at which there were (i,9'29 votes cast, the followin;; oltieers were elected: .Mayor, Edward S. Orr; city treasurer, .lames W. McC'auley; city controller, K<l};ar \'. Heiihani; city physician, Fred .1. Schup. Council- men, First Ward, Luke -McGrath; Second Ward, Charles .\. Cavendar; Third Ward, J. U. Thompson; Fourth Ward, William Watson; Fifth Ward, John Hartman; Sixth Ward, H. H. Warner; Seventh Ward, Ernest IJster; Eighth Ward. R. A. Gove.

May 23, 1S91. the council elected J. S. Smythe city clerk.

June 2, lf'91, tin- council confirmed the followinj; appointments hy the mayor: Meniher of lioard i>f pul)lic works for three years, M. M. Taylor; city attorney, James Wickersham; assistant city attorney, Stacy W. Gihlis.

June 9, 189t, the council confirmed the mayor's appointment of J. 15. Clift as harhor master.

June 23, 1894, the council ei>nfirmed the mayor's .ippdinlineiit of D. O. Smith as chief of police.

Decemher 15, 1891, tln' ciiiiticil (■(iiiliniicd tin- iii.iyor's ,ip])(pintiMi-iit of Charles M. .Shane as clerk of Municipal Court.

.At the annual election held .\pril 2, 1805. the total re).'istered vote was 6,210, and the whole numlier of votes cast was 4,at0, and thi' followin;; officers were elected: Councilmen, First Ward, W. II. Harris; .Second Ward, Percy N. Norton; Third Ward, .Alexander Parker; Fourth W.ird, J. L. Coates; Fifth Ward, M. P. Bul^'er; Sixth Ward, J. W. Kleel); Seventh Ward, Samuel Hice; Eijihth Ward, G. F. Whitty. .At the same election was submitted the question of chanpinp the source of water supply for the city, as proposed hy Ordinance No. 977, with the followin,c result: For the proposed chanpe. 3,at(); against the proposed change, HO, and the proposed change, having received more than .3-5 of the entire vote cast, was, on the 9th day of .April declared adopted.

Mav 18, 189.5, the council confirmed the mayor's ;ip|)ointment of It. B. Mullen as niemher of the hoard of public works for the term of three years.

June 1, 1895, the council confirmed the following appointments by the mayor: David Humphrey, park commissioner for three years; F. T. Olds, park eonunissioner for the unexpired term of Henry Drum, resigned.

June 8, 1893, the council confirmed the mayor's appointment of .1. B. .\gnew and G. H. Fowler as examining engineers for one year.

July 1.3, 1895, the council confirmed the following a]>pointments by the mayor: Assistant city attorney, Stacy W. Gibbs; chief of fire department. .\. J. Breummer; harl)or master, ,1. B. Clift.

October 12, 1895, the council confirmed tin- mayor's appoiiilTiKiit of I). W. I'lrry as boiler inspector, vice J. C. Corwin, resigned.

October 80, 189.5, the council elected F. 'i'. Olds city treasurer, vice J. W. McCauley, removed from office.

November 20, 189.5, the council removed M. M. Taylor fr iffice as memlier of

hoard of public works.

Deeemlier 28. 1895. the eowneil eiuifirnieil lh<' apiioinlmiiit of H. O. Fishback as assistant city treasurer.

Jannarv \. I89li, the conn<il eiinririiiril llir mayor's appointininl of .I.inus Wicker- sham as city attorney.

January l, 189ri, Ihi' council elected .lolin Ilolsjati- councilman from tin- Second Ward, vice C. .A. Cavendar, expelled. (See supplement.! ry proceedings, February 20, I89fi.)

296 HISTORY OF TACOMA

At the annual election held April 7, 1896, there were (j,-l-59 registered voters and the whiile iiiiinl)er of votes cast was 5,515. The following officers were elected: Mayor, A. V. Fawcett; city treasurer, W. A. Sternherg; city controller and semi- officio city clerk, H. V. IJenham; city physician, C. Qucvli. Councilmen: First Ward, .John 15. Stcvcn.s; Second Ward, John Holgate; Third Ward, John M. Bell; Fourth Ward, William Scully; Fifth Ward, John Hartman; Sixth Ward, H. H. Warner; Seventh Ward, Frank H. Chandler; Eighth Ward, L. E. Sampson.

April 21, IS9(), the council organized and elected H. H. Warner president, and the mayor notified the council of the following appointments: Commissioner of public works, T. E. Doherty; chief of police, R. G. Hoge; chief of fire department, J. D. Horrocks; city attorney, J. P. Judson; assistant city attorney, W. H. H. Kean; harbor master, Henry G. Hoflin; city librarian, Herbert Bashford; city engineer, J. S. Cam]); civil service commissioners, F. T. Olds, S. F. Sahm and Govnor Teats.

Ajiril 25, 1S9(), the mayor notified the council of the following appointments: Board of examiners for licensing engineers, G. W. Flower, J. B. Agnew and D. W. Perry; the last named to act as boiler inspector.

October 8, 1890, Ed. S. Orr became mayor, by the reason of a decision of the Superior Court in the Mullen-Doherty case.

October 8, 1896, the council confirmed the following appointments of Mayor Ed. S. Orr: City attorney, J. A. Shackelford; assistant city attorney, J. S. Whitehouse.

October 10, 1896, the council elected L. W. Roys city clerk and confirmed the fol- lowing a])pointments by JIayor Ed. S. Orr: Chief of police, D. O. Smith; chief of fire department, A. J. Breummer; harbor master, J. B. Clift.

October 17, 1896, the council confirmed the following a|)pointment by Mayor Ed. S. Orr of Arvid Rydstroui as member of the board of public works.

October 24, 1896, the council confirmed the ajjpointment by Mayor Ed. S. Orr of Richard G. Meath as market master.

October 31, 1896, the council confirmed the a]>i)ointment by Mayor Ed. S. Orr, of Jonathan Smith as city librarian.

November 14, 1896, the council confirmed the following a])])ointments by Mayor Ed. S. Orr: Park commissioners, G. L. Homes and Chester Thorne.

March 13, 1897, the mayor, Ed. S. Orr, appointed George H. Walker, George Brewitt and W. C. Sharpstein civil service conuiiissioners, vice Govnor Teats, S. F.

Sahm and Richard Bond, removed fi i office: On the 23(1 of March the Superior

Court rendered an opinion that the old board had not been legally removed from office and restored them to office. On the 26th day of .\pril Frank H. CJraham was appointed to succeed Richard Bond, whose term of office had expired as civil service commissioner.

At the annual election, held Y\pril 6, 1897, there were .J.,559 registered votes, of which 3,577 votes were cast, and the following councilmen were elected: First AVard, Raljjh B. Smith; Second Ward, P. D. Norton; Third Ward, J. R. Turner; Fourth Ward, John Leo; Fifth Ward, C. F. Owen; Sixth Ward, J. W. Kleeb; Seventh Ward, C. S. Gifford; Eighth Ward, G. F. Whitty.

.\pril 20, 1897, the council organized and elected P. D. Norton president.

May 1, 1897, the mayor, Ed. S. Orr, appointed J. S. Whitehouse city attorney, vice J. A. Shackelford, and Charles A. Murray assistant city attorney.

June 28, 1897, A. \'. Fawcett again became mayor by reason of a compromise in the Fawcett-Orr case.

June 30, 1897, the mayor (Fawcett) notified the council of the following a])point- ments: City attorney, John P. Judson; assistant city attorney, M. D. Woolf; com- missioner of ])ublic works, T. E. Doherty; harbor master, H. G. Hoflin; lilirarian, Alexander McCready; assistant librarian, Margaret J. Smith; market master, K. M. Peterson; building and license inspector, C. H. Allison.

September 1, 1S97, the council removed Govnor Teats from office as civil service commissioner.

At the annual election held Ajiril 5, 1898, there were 5,377 registered votes, of which 4,.567 votes were cast, and the following named officers were elected: Mayor,

IllSroin' OF TACOMA 2!t7

Jnhnson Nickciis; trfiisiirir, \V. A. Stirnbir^,'; riuitrulUr, Alfred Lister; emincil- iiien: First Ward, .1. C. Hewitt; Second Ward, John lloifnite; Third Ward, .lohii M. Bell; Fourth Ward, H. I.. Hansen; Fifth Ward, .lohn llartnian; Sixth Ward, Charles T. Patterson; Seventh Ward, W. II. (_)|)ie; Kiglith Ward, I,. K. Sampson.

And the iiinendnients numbered 22 and 23 to the city charter adopte<l reju-Hling amendment No. 19, relatinf; to civil service, and amendiu}; sections 1 and 2 of amend- ment No. 1, relating to oHicers of the city.

.Xpril 19, 1S9S, the council organized and eUctid 1'. 1). Norton ]>resident and I,. W. Koys city clerk.

.April 21, 1898, the mayor notified the council of the following appointments: City attorney, W. II. I'ritchard; assistant city attorney, Walter M. Harvey; com- missioner of public works, W. K. Hacker; chief of ])olice, ,1. H. Head; chief of fire department, Jesse C. Foyns; connnissioner of health, F. J. Scliug; harbor master, J. F. \'isell, building and license inspector, ICd. U. Hurc; librarian, W. H. .fennings; clerk of Municipal Court, J. M. Arntson.

December 8, 1898, the council elected James 15. Iloit councilman from the I'',ighth W.ird, vice G. F. Whitty, resigned.

At the annual electiim held A))ril +, 1899, there were t.;)ll registered votes, of which 2,9()(i votes were cast, and the following eouneilmen were elected: First Ward, Kalph II. Smith; Second Ward, Percy N. Norton; Third Ward, George W. (Juiett; Fourth Ward. I). F. Day; Fifth Ward, T. C. Hiimmell; Sixth Ward, W. G. Freeman; Seventh Ward, Kdward A. Koice; Flighth AVard, Jani.s H. Hoit.

.April 18, 1899, the council organized and elected P. D. Norton president and 1,. W. Hoys city clerk.

November 2, 1899, the council elected Jesse S. Jones councilman from the Sixth Ward, vice W. G. Freeman, deceased.

.\t the annual election, held A])ril 3, 19(10, there were (i,128 registered votes, of which .'),((90 were cast, and the following officers elected: Mayor, I.ouis D. Caropbell; treasurer, Frank B. Cole; controller, .Mfred I.istcr; eouneilmen: First W.ird, ,1. C. Hewitt; Second Ward, John Holgate; Third Ward, Kdward .Miller: Fourth Ward, Otto C. Ducvcl; Fifth Ward, John Hartman; Sixth Ward, Jesse S. Jones for the term of two years; Sixth Ward, G. W. Koberts for the term of one year; Seventh Ward, Peter J. John.son; F,ighth Ward, Thomas W. Hannnond.

.\|)ril 17, 1900, George H. Boardman was elected by the council as councilman from the Second Ward, vice Percy D. Norton, deceased.

.\pril 17, 1900. the council organized and elected Hal|>h B. .Smith ])rcsidenl and I.. W. Uoys city clerk.

.\l)ril 17, 1900, the mayor notified the council of tin- following appoinfmi-nls: City attorney, William P. Reynolds; assistant city attorney, F.mnu'tt N. Parker; com- missioner of public works, Richard W. Clark; chief of police, William Facklcr; chief of fire department, Jesse C. Poyns; clerk of .Municipal Court, John .M. .\rntson; conmiissioner of health, Frederick J. Schug; city engineer, Norton I.. Taylor; harbor master, John B. Clift; building and license inspector, F^d. U. llar<-: plmnbing inspector, Kdward H. Biitterfield.

.May i, 1900. B. S. .MacLafTi-rty succeeded \\ , II. .Irrmings as city lilir.iri.m, on appointmenl by the mayor.

.\t the amnial election held .\iiril 2, 1901. then- wire t.:((iO registered votes, of which 2,U.5 were cast, and the following couniilnien wire elected: First Ward, Ralph B. Smith; Seccmd Ward, Kdward I. Salmson; Third Ward, .lohn M. Bell; Fourth Ward, W. R. CJiblctt; Fifth Ward, George C. Britfon for the term of two years; Fifth Ward, .lames M. Harris ftir the term of one year; Sixth Ward, .\lfred I.. Ilawley; Seventh Ward, Kdward .\. Roiee; l'",ighth Ward, Ira B. Richards.

.April Ki, 1901, the- council organized and eleelc il Ralph B. Sniilh i)ri-sideiit and I,. W. Roys city clerk.

.Innuarv 9. 1902, Harvev I,, .lohnson was appointed second assistant city attorney.

.At the annual election, held .\))ril 1, 1902. there were- (i.979 registered votes, of

wbieh (i,098 votes were cast, and the following ollicers elected: Mayor, I.ouis D.

298 IIISTORV OF TACOMA

Campbi-U; controller, Alfred Lister; treasurer, Charles D. Atkins; councilmen: First Ward, John Donahue; Second Ward, Henry Mahncke; Third Ward, Ben Olson; Fourth Ward, Otto C. Duevel; Fifth Ward, August Von Boecklin; Sixth Ward, Jesse S. Jones; Seventh Ward, W. Seott Snyder; Eighth Ward, T. W. Hammond. Also amendments of the city charter numluTed 21, 25, 2(i, 2T, 28, 29, 30 arul 31 were adopted.

April 1.5, 1902, the city council organized and elected Jesse S. Jones president and F. B. AVoodruff city clerk.

The mayor announced the following appointments: City attorney, William P. Reynolds; assistant city attorney, Emmett X. Parker; commissioner of public works, Hichard W. Clark; city engineer, Norton L. Taylor; chief of police, Wm. Fackler; chief of fire department, Jesse C. Poyns; commissioner of health. Dr. F. J. Schug; ])luml)ing inspector, George X. Hill; harbor master, John B. Clift; librarian, B. S. MacEafferty; chief of Police Court, J. M. Arntson.

At the annual election, held April 7, 1903, there were ■!.,9(i2 registered votes, of which 3,313 votes were cast, and the following officers elected: Councilmen: First AVard. Thomas H. Bellingham; Second Ward, Edward I. Salmson; Third Ward, James J. Conrad; Fourth Ward, William R. Giblett; Fifth Ward, George C. Britton; Sixth Ward, Alfred E. Hawley; Seventh Ward, Edward A. Roice; Eighth Ward, J. Warren Martenis.

April 21, 1903. the city council organized and elected Jesse S. Jones president and F. B. Woodruff city clerk.

July 5, 1903, Jonathan Smith was appointed city lilirariaii, vice B. S. Mac- Lafferty, deceased.

October 2, 1903, Emmett X. Parker was appointed city attorney, vice William P. Reynolds, resigned.

December 9, 1903, Olof H. Christoffersen was elected councilman from the Fifth Ward, vice George C. Britton, resigned.

January 20, 1904, L. A. Nicholson was apjiointed city engineer, vice X. L. Taylor, removed.

At the annual election, held A])ril +. 1904, there were 9,335 registered votes, of which 7,97+ votes were cast, and the folkwing officers were elected: Mayor, George P. Wright; controller, G. L. Jackson; treasurer, Charles D. Atkins; councilmen: First Ward, William A. Whitman; Second Ward, Frank M. Lamborn; Third Ward, Jesse H. Read; Fourth Ward, Otto C. Duevel; Fifth Ward, Olof H. Christofferson for term of one year; Fifth Ward, F. S. Wright for term of two years; Sixth Ward, Schuyler Usher; Seventh Ward, A. M. Richards; Eighth Ward, A. C. Hoenig.

April 19, 190+, the city council organized and elected E. A. Roice, president and L. W. Roys clerk. The mayor announced the following appointments: City attorney, O. G. Ellis; assistant city attorney, J. J. .\nderson; commissioner of public works, William Welsh; chief of police, Thomas Maloney; chief of fire department, J. L. Dietsch; commissioner of health. Dr. L. L. Love; librarian, J. T. Eshelman; harbor master, Robert M. Mountfort; park commissioners, Stuart Rice, John R. Arkley, C. M. Easterday, J. E. Aubrey and Peter Daly.

July 4, 1904, George McAlevy was appointed chief of fire de])artment, vice J. L. Dietsch, resigned.

September 1, 1904. R. E. Evans was appointed second assistant city attorney. At the annual election, held Aj.ril 4, 1905, there were 6,482 registered, of which 4,675 votes were cast, and the following councilmen were elected: First Ward, T. H. Bellingham; Second Ward, Edward L Salmson; Third Ward, James J. Con- rad; Fourth Ward, William R. GilUett; Fifth W^ard, O. H. Christoffersen; Sixth Ward, Alfred L. Hawley; Seventh Ward, Joseph B. Hawthorne; Eighth Ward,

L. L. Doud.

April 18, 1905, the council organized and elected T. H. Bellingham president and

L. W. Rovs city clerk.

April 3, 1906, George P. Wright elected mayor; John F. Meads, controller; Ray F. Freeland, treasurer; councilmen: First Ward, W. A. Whitman; Second Ward, Almon

IIISTOin' OF TACOMA 2fW

Woiidwdrth; I liini Ward. .Inliii Cliirk; Fourlh W .inl. Otto Duovcl; Fifth Wiird, Lawrence Tiirnliiill; Sixth Ward. 11. ,1. I)i)t<-n; .Seventh Ward, A. M. Kichards; Kiglith Ward, Thomas (Joiirley. Charter amendments earried, and (ireen River gravity system approved by vote of 3,l(i3 to 1,813.

A|)ril !), 1!»07, eoiineilmen eleeted: First Ward, K. A. I.ynn; Second War<l, Alex- aiidir Heed; Third Ward, V. D. C'reaper; Fourth Ward, W. K. Gil)lctt; Fifth Ward, .\1. H. Stamliaiigh; Sixth Ward, A. 1.. Hawley; Seventh Ward, J. B. Hawthorne; F.itrlitli Ward, 1.. 1.. Doud. Fark commissioners: .1. F. .lones (5 years); K. 1'. Shaw, (iw-ars); W. C. Hardsley <3 years); A. M. C'raip (2 years); Stuart Kice (1 year).

.\pril 14, litOM, .John W. I.inck eleeted mayor; .lolm F. Meads, controller; Hay F. Fretland, treiusurer; coimcihnen: First Ward, K. W. .lamieson; .Second Ward, Samuel Hitler Wilkeson; Third Ward, John.s<in .Armstrong; Fourth Ward, A. A. Kankin; Fifth Ward, Lawrence Turnbull; Sixth Ward, John Chapman; Seventh Ward, 11, 1). Brand; Kighlh Ward, H. .1. .McGregor.

April 13, l!»(l!t, councilmen eleeted: First Ward, F. A. Lynn; Sec(m<l Ward, .lolm M. Bell: Third W;ird, .1. .1. Klierly; Fourth Ward, W. U. CJihlett; Fifth Ward, L. J. Krig<r; Sixth Ward, A. L. Hawley; Seventh Ward, ,1. B. Ihiwthorne; Eighth Ward, Calvin W. Stewart (2 year term), George Uussell (1 year term).

Oetolier Ifi, lilOJI. special election on new city charter; ;ido|)ted liy vote of 8,.'i33 to !»n.

April 5, l!)lo, .\. \'. Fawcctt elected mayor; John F. .Meads, controller; council- men: Nicholas Lawson, Kay Frceland, L. W. Roys and Owen Woods. Lawson became commissioner of light and water; Freeland, commissioner of finance; Roys, commis- sioner of public safety, and Woods, conunissioner of ])ublic works.

April IH, litU, .\. V. Fawcett recalled, W. W. Seymour elected mayor.

.May l(i, liMl, L. W. Roys, conunissioner of ])ul)lic safety, and .Nicholas Lawson, conunissioner of light and water, recalled. F. H. I'ettit elected to succeed Hoys; B. J. Weeks elected to succeed Lawson.

February 10, 1912, B. .1. Weeks, conunissioner of light and water, resigned. H. F. Gronen appointed February 13th to serve until next election.

.\pril 16, 1912, Nicholas Lawson, recalled in 1911, re-elected commissioner of light and water, fdling unex|)ire<l term of B. J. Weeks.

,\pril 21. 191 1, A. V. Fawcett elected mayor, Charles D. .\tkins and James Drake, eiiuncilmen for terms of four years.

May .'ith council organized with Mayor Fawcett, president; Charles D. .Mkins, vice president; A. I'. .Mills, conunissioner of public safety; Owen Woods, conunissioner of |)ubli<' works; , lames Orake, connnissiiuuT of light and water; Charles D. .\tkins, commissioner of finance.

.\pril 18, 1910, Fred Shoemaker elected controller, and Hamilton F. Gronen and Francis H. Pettit, commissioners. Gronen became commissioner of public works, and I'ettit conunissioner of safety. U. K. Harmon, ai)pointed city attorney; Wm. Fackler, acting chief of iiolice; C. E. Carlson, chief of fire departnuMit.

scrKHiNTrNnEXTs ANu si:cHi;TAnn:s tacoma iTni.ic schools

.Superintendent Years .Su]>erinlen(letil Years

J. n. Robb 18«}-188fi Keuben .S. Bingham 189(1-1902

Kdmund F. Young 18S(i-1888 A. B. Warner 1902-190(;

Franklin R. G.iult 18S8-1S92 .\lbert H. Yoder 190G-1910

J. W. Roberts 1802-189:) .1. C. CollieotI 1910-1912

H. M. James I803-189(i Wni. F. Geiger 1912-

.Secret.iry Years .Secretary Years

W. .1. Meade 1883-188+ H. L. Volaw 189.5

M. P. Bulger 1885 C. W. Mock 189fi-1898

W. ,1. .Meade 1886 G. w. Whitty 1H98-190.'5

Mrs. M. K. Garrison 1887-1889 Alfred Lister 190.';-191(i

C. W. Mock 1889-189 1

300

HISTORY OF TACOMA

THE BAR

The Pierce County Bar Association was reorganized as the Tacoma Bar Associa- tion on March 27, l!)ll. The old organization's mcinljership gradually fell away until very few remained and it was fountl necessary to reorganize on new lines. The con- stitution of the new society provided for the collection of dues and the estalilishment of a treasury from which liiUs could be paid without having to ask for donations from its niembers. Its officers consisted of a president, vice president, secretary, treasurer, iive trustees and a committee on admission composed of five members. The admission fee was $1 and the annual dues .fo and it started with a membership of 131.

The members of the bar association are:

Anderson, Oliver Anderson, J. J. Anderson, J. W. Arnold, Charles Arntson, A. M. Arntson, J. M. Anderson, G. A. Askren, W. D. Bates, C. O. Bedford, Charles Blacklnirn, H. H. Bone, Homer Brockway, E. B. Burkey, C. P. Burmeister, A. O. Bailey, Leon Burkey, J. E. Broomell, H. F. Belcher, J. E. Campbell, Fremont Card, Ernest M. Carnahan, F. Chapman, W. O. Christian, Walter Clifford, M. L. Cochran, Herbert Coiner, B. W. Conger, Henry Cramer, M. C. Crowl, B. A. Cushman, Edward Carr, Eugene Chapman. Clayton DaPonte, L. B. David, Peter Davis, R. M. Denman, A. H. Dovell, G. H. B. Dow, Lorenzo Dowd, Van M. Dunklelicrger, C. E. Dentler, Grant Easterday, C. M. Eshelman, C. D. Evans. DeW. M. Evans, R. E.

Easterday, Joe Fitch, H. G. Fitch, J. F. Flaskett, W. R. Fletcher, J. D. Foss, Wedell Freeman, E. F. Galbreath, O. S. Gallagher, J. E. Garretson, H. F. Gordon, J. H. Gordon, M. J. Gii'lcns, H. J. Grcenman, F. W. Griggs, H. S. Garretson, E. L. Hammond, T. W. Harmon, U. E. Harvey, W. M. Hayden, E. M. Htinlcy, W. G. Hitchcock, T. D. Holt, R. S. Hoppe, A. Huffer, F. A. Hayden, W. H. Johnston, H. H. Johnson, W. A. Keener, J. B. Kelley, Frank H. Kelly, Guy Ke}es. W. W. Knight, A. A. Laffin, A. G. Laffoon, R. F. La Monte, H. B. Latcham, F. A. Lea, H. R. Lloyd, Wesley Lund, H. H. Lund, Edna B. Lyle, J. T. S. Langhorne, Maurice Marx, A. P. McLane, O. O. McMillan, R. J.

JIcQuesten, G. D. Jletzger, F. D. Morrow, W. C. Mulligan, M. Murray, Charles A. Murray, F. H. Museek, L. J. Masterson, E. F. McAnally, S. F. Mc.Mahon, Thomas Metzler, Hugo B. Murray, E. L. MagiU, F. A. Nash, F. D. Nason, R. B. Neal, F. C. Nichols, J. Vf. A. Nolle, G. C. Oakley, F. D. O'Brien, J. F. Peer, N. H. Perrin, W. McB. Peterson, C. T. Peterson, G. E. Phelps, H. E. Pratt, W. H. Porter, M. F. Quick, J. W. Reid, George T. Rcmann, F. G. Riddell, C. M. Rowland, D. H. Kowland, H.G. Richabaugh, Charles Riley, Frank G. Riley, Nclda Jager Sachse, W. L. Savery, C. D. Sclden, J. W. Shackleford, J. A. Snapp. J. L. Sorley, J. A. Stallcup, E. N. Stenberg, E. N. Stevens, C. E. Stiles, T. L.

IIISTOKV OF TACOMA

;ioi

Stewart, C. W. Sullivan, P. C. Taylor, Jay Teats, Leo Teats, Ualiih

Thomas, Jesse Teats, Uoviior Witts, Koger Waulkinshaw, U. B. Westcott, Charles

Till'. I'lIVSUIANS

Willininson, Gorge G. Wright, Howard Wayne, T. J. York, K. U.

The first ])hvsieian in Taeonia was Dr. K. N. Lansdalo. He came almost simul- taneously with the Hanson .Mill. The early physieians, (ravehng at night almost with- out roads thnmgh the tangle of lirush and among the gnarle<l roots of giant trees that disputed the trails, had many hitter experienees. and true heroism was necessary then, not only in meeting the hazards of the wilderness hut in tre.iting serious ca.ses far from hos)iitals and often witliout desiretl medicines. Tacoma always has been blessed with an able body of physicians. One reason for this, it recently was written in a government report, is that there are no medical colleges in the Northwest to give us the poor and indifferent as well as the good. The medie.il fraternity in Tacoma never was stronger in intelligence than it is at present and it never has been so active in helping the i)ul)lic to prevent disease, as well as to cure it. The recent strengthening by the city author- ities of the power of city health dei)artnient was received with satisfaction by the public. The physieians have led in every movement toward good health. They have enforced milk inspection; their work pioneered the way to the county's excellent tuberculosis sanitorium; inspection of school children was brought about by them. \ large part of the modern physician's time and thought are devoted to the prevention of disease. It is a labor for which he receives no pay.

Elsewhere in this work there appears brief conmient on the a<lvancenient ol surgery in Tacoma and of the develoiiment of specialists. The city well may be ])roud of her medical men.

The members of the Pierce County Medical Society are:

Dr. H. .\llan, Tacoma Di.

Dr. J. .\rinstrong, Tacoma Dr.

Dr. I. P. Balabanoff, Tacoma Dr.

Dr. M. 1.. Balabanoff, Tacoma Dr.

Dr. U. O. Ball, Taeonia Dr.

Dr. A. W. Bridge, Katonville Dr.

Dr. Warren Brown, Tacoma Dr.

Dr. K. M. Brown, Tacoma Dr.

Dr. .1. R. Brown, Tacoma Dr.

Dr. P. R. Brenton, Tacoma Dr.

Dr. S. D, B-irry, Piiyallup Dr.

Dr. Klwin Brown, Tacoma Dr.

Dr. .\. K. Braden. Tacoma Dr.

Dr. C. .1. Brcbeek, Tacoma Dr.

Dr. C. R. Case, Tacoma Dr.

Dr. F.. L. Carlsen, Tacoma Dr.

Dr. T. B. Curran, Tacoma Dr.

Dr. W. G. Cameron, Tacoma Dr.

Dr. P. B. Carter, Tacoma Dr.

Dr. B. X. Corliin, Tacoma Dr.

Dr. II. W. Dewey, Tacoma Dr.

Dr. J. W. Doughty, Sedro-Woolley Dr.

Dr. E. Drake, Tacoma Dr.

Dr. II P. Dana. Tacoma Dr.

Dr. C H. DeWitt, Sr., Tacoma Dr.

Dr. C. H. OeWitt, Jr., Tacoma Dr.

Dr. E. J. Fifield, Tacoma Or.

A. X. Flynn, Tacoma H. II. Foreman, Tacoma

C. P. Gammon, Tacoma .\. E. Goldsmith, Tacoma Royal .\. Gove, Tacoma

D. A. Gove. Orting

R. S. Garnett, St. Augustine, Fla.

W. V. C.uliek, Ft. Steilacoom

.1. F. Griggs, Tacoma

H. R. Green, Tacoma

G. S. Hicks, Tacoma

J. A. LiiGasa, Tacoma

T. H. Long, Ashford

C. U. McCrcery, Tacoma

W. B. MeCreery, Tacoma

J. B. .MiN'erlhney, Tacoma

S. M. Mael.ian. Tacoma

.S. W. Mowers, Taeonia

\\'. .\. .Monroe, Tacoma

W. .Mitchell, Sumner

R. C. .Morse, Puyallup

E. A. Montague, Tacoma .•\. G. Nace, Tacoma

,\. Osborne, Tacoma

Eva .St. Clair Osborne, Tacoma

F. E. Pratt, Tacoma W. W. Pascoe. Tacoma

302 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Dr. B. E. Paul, Taconia Dr. E. Janes, Tacoma

Dr. J. O. Post, Tacoma Dr. J. Keho, Tacoma

Dr. Mary F. Perkins, Tacoma Dr. G. G. R. Kunz, Tacoma

Dr. W. B. Penny, Tacoma Dr. C. H. Kinnear, Tacoma

Dr. C. Quevli, Tacoma Dr. W. N'. Keller, Ft. Steilacoom

Dr. J. B. Robertson, Tacoma Dr. \V. M. Karshner, Puyaliup

Dr. F. W. Rinkenberger, Los Angeles, Cal.Dr. J. P. Kane, Fern Hill

Dr. E. B. Rhea, Tacoma Dr. C. E. Laws, Tacoma

Dr. W. D. Read, Tacoma Dr. G. A. Libby, Tacoma

Dr. A. E. Reynolds, Tacoma Dr. O. W. Loughlin, Tacoma

Dr. E. A. Rich, Tacoma Dr. L. L. Love, Tacoma

Dr. J. L. Rynning, Tacoma Dr. P. B. Swearingen, Tacoma

Dr. T. C. Rummell, Tacoma Dr. T. R. Steagall, Tacoma

Dr. L. B. Simms, Tacoma Dr. .\. C. Stewart, Ft. Steilacoom

Dr. F. A. Scott, Tacoma Dr. R. C. Schaeffer, Tacoma

Dr. G. M. Steele, Tacoma Dr. W. R. Tymmons, Gig Harbor

Dr. F. W. Southworth, Tacoma Dr. C. E. Taylor, Ft. Steilacoom

Dr. J. W. Snoke, Tacoma Dr. W. B. Van\'echten, Tacoma

Dr. G. D. Shaver, Tacoma Dr. C. E. Whitney, Sumner

Dr. T. F. Smith, Tacoma Dr. H. J. Whitacre, Tacoma

Dr. F. J. Schug, Tacoma Dr. E. C. "Wheeler, Tacoma

Dr. J. R. Steagall, Tacoma Dr. W. R. VVhitnall, Puyaliup

Dr. F. J. Stewart, Tacoma Dr. G. C. AV.igner, Tacoma

Dr. J. L. Hutchinson. Tacoma Dr. P. S. Wing, Tacoma

Dr. R. H. Harrison, Tacoma Dr. C. Stuart Wilson, Tacoma

Dr. Evan Hyslin, Tacoma Dr. H A. Wall. Tacoma

Dr. J. E. Henry, Tacoma Di-. .1. R. Yocom, Tacoma

Dr. C. D. Hunter, Tacoma Dr. J. S. Davics, Tacoma

Dr. H. J. Hards, Tacoma Dr. R. A. Morse, Taconia

Dr. E. O. Houda, Tacoma Dr. R. S. Miles, Tacoma

Dr. G. O. Ireland, Tacoma Dr. .1. L. Co\irtright, Tacoma

Dr. K. Ito, Tacoma Dr. ,[. .\. Walker. Dupont

Dr. H. S. .Tudd, Tacoma Dr. C. W. Hall, McKenna

Dr. C. .Tames, Tacoma

POSTMASTERS AND DATES OF APPOINTMENT

Of New Tacoma— Wm. H. Fife, July 6, 1874; Charles Evans, March 3, 1882; L. E. Sampson, September .5. 1883. May 15, 1884, the name was changed to Tacoma. J. C. Weatherred was appointed March 7, 1888; John D. Hogue. March 29, 1889; A. B. Case, May 10, 1893; O. B. Hayden, September 17, 1897; J. B. Cromwell, Aug. 2.5, 1899; H. L. Votaw, March 22, 1905; Frank L. Stocking, February 23, 1911; Calvin W. Stewart, January 30, 1915.

TACOMA HISTORY

A SHORT LIST OF BOOKS AND MAGAZINE REFERENCES

(Compiled by Tacoma Public Library)

Ballon, M. M.— "New Eldorado." 1890. Tacoma, p. 73-8.

Hawthorne, Julian — "History of Washington." 1893. 2 vols., Tacoma, vol. 2, p. 366-94.

Hines. H. K.— "Illustrated History of the State of Washington." 1893. Tacoma.

p. 242-50. Meany. E. S.— "History of Washington." 1909. Tacoma. p. 231-233; 276, 368. North Pacific History Company, comp. — "History of the Pacific Northwest." 1889,

2 vols. Tacoma. vol. 2, p. 153-4. Nuhn & Wheeler, pub. — "Tacoma and Vicinity." cl888. 49 p.

IIISTOm' OF TACOMA =^03

I'rDM-h, fliiirlrs— "Ktniiniscenccs of Washington Territory." UMl. 128 p.

I'ri.>ch, T. \V. "MoCarvcr antl Taconia." 11100. 198 ]>.

Pross.r, \V. K. ^"History of the I'u^'il Sound Country." !!)(«. Taconia, )). 229-2HI.

RacUliaufrh, K. K.- "Tin- I'acidr .Milroi)olis, Wluri- and \\ liy." I'Ha. !•! )>.

richaft-r, ,Iosi-i)li— "lli-tory of tin- racitic .Northwist." l!l(l.5. Taconia, ]>. 281-28^1.

Snowden, C. .\.— "History of \Va^llinj•ton." lilO!). 1 vol.s. Taconia vol. Ill : 27(). Vol.

IV: 13, 19+, £16, 22(>-23U, 219-254, 2(i4, 3(1(1-308, ai2-a\r,, 320-328, 878. Snowdcn, C. .\.— "Taconia the Industrial Center of the Pacific Northwe-st." n. d. 10 p.

Reprint of Chamlier of Coininerce edition, Taconia I.edfrer, 1909. Taconia. Chamber of Commerce.— "Taconia, Illustrated." cl889. 97 p. Taconia. Chamlier of Commerce.— "Taconia, the M.tropolis of the New Northwest."

1891. t8 p. "Taconia, the Western Terminus of the Northirn I'acilic Uailroad." 1883. 32 p. Thompson, K. .M. ed.— "The Industries of Taconia. Washiiipton." 1888-9. 200 p. Victor, Mrs. F. F.— ".Mlantis .\risen." 1891. Taconia, p. 278-302. Wiiiser, H. ,1.— "The Great Northwest." 1886. Taconia, p. 861-1. Woodman. .Mrs. .\. (J.).— "Picturesque Alaska." 1898. cl889. Taconia, p. lt-07.

M AC A/.INK KEFERENXES

.\merican Majrazine. 79:.5.5-6. Fcliniary, 1915. Ezra .Miikir, "I'ioncer of the Oregon

Trail."

Engineering Record. 62:498-500. October 29, 1910. "Taconia High .School Stadium."

Engineering Record. 67:428-9. .April 19, 1913. "Vertical I.ife-span Highway Bridge

in Tacoma." Independent. 71:310-3. August Hi. l^UI. "Tacoma Stadium: a Lesson in Civic

Patriotism." Magazine of Western History. 12:7(i-81. .May, 1890. "Tacoma, Washington." Magazine of Western History. 12:367-9. .\ugust, 1890. "Theodore Hosmer." Magazine of Western History. 12:369-70. August, 1890. "Isaac W. Anderson." New England .Magazine. 7:793-807. February. 1893. "Tacoma, Washington." Power. 43:2-7. January 4, 191(i. "Tacoma Hydroelectric Power Plant." Tahoma. 22:19-69. "Tacoma: History and Description." World Todav. 8:656. May, 1905. "St. Peter's Church."

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BIOGRAPHICAL

COLONEL FHAXX C. ROSS.

Probably no resident of Taconia bas done more to further the growtli and improvement of Tacoma than Colonel Frank C. lloss, whose efforts have been particularly notable in layin<^' out the broad highways which add so much to the beauty of the place. He was born in Pittstield, Pike county, Illinois, JNlarch 20, 1858, a son of ]Marcellus and JNlartha A. Koss, mentioned elsewhere in this work. lie arrived in Tacoma December 2.'3, 1870, and was first employed as a waiter in the llalstead Hotel, working three weeks for his board. He afterward worked for two weeks on Pacific avenue, shoveling gravel, and afterward spent three weeks in the employ of Hatch &: Forbes at their sawmill, which was located where the Conmicrcial biidge now spans the Northern Pacific tracks. He afterward accepted a position in the Northern Pacific car sliops. wlu ic lie uoi kcd for five months, when in con- nection witli l:is luiitlK I-. Charles K. Ross, he attended the Chehalis fair, selling cigars. coiilVctioiiery. California fruit, lemonade, etc. They cleared three hundred and twenty-one dollars at the fair and in 1880 they conducted a similar business in Tacoma, Frank Rf)ss having charge of the Tacoma interests, while his brother acted as news agent on the Northern Pacific Railroad from Tacoma to Kalama. Tlie brother was killed in 1883 by falling from a train near ^'elm. aftei- which Colonel Ross sold his l)usi- ness to Eli Roberts and opened a i-eal estate ofhcc in his building at the southeast' corner of I'acilic avciiiK' and Eleventh street. It was Colonel Ross who sawed the logs on South Ninth street from St. Helens avenue to E street so as to be able to run a wheelliarrow uj) the hill to where he was clearing the first lots he bought in New Tacoma — lots :}, 4 and .") in block 000. which he purchased in 1881 from the Tacoma Land Company for two hundred and twtiity-fivc dollars and which he afterward sold for one thousand dollars to 1''.. ]{. Rodgers of Poi'tland. Oregon.

In 1881 Ross brothers bought the smithtast coi-ner of Pacific •■md l''lr\(nlh sliTcts. Tncoma. where the People's Store now stands, for seven Inindi-cd and fifty dollars, and Colonel Hoss sold the property a few years later to ^V. 1?. Allen for ten thou-

Tol. TI— 21

307

308 HISTOKY OF TACOMA

sand dollars. lie platted Ross' first addition, which lies directly across from the College of Puget Sound, at which time it was covered with standing timber. He bought lots 1 and 2 in block 910 of the Tacoma Land Company for two hundred and twenty- tixe dollars and sold them for seventeen thousand five hundred dollars. He bought four lots at the southwest cornei- of Ninth street and Tacoma avenue of Gon ^Murray and wife for five thou- sand dollars and sold tlieni later to jNIasterson & Stewart for twentj'-five thousand dollars cash. He bought ten acres on section 6 for six thousand dollars and sold it to ^Valter J. Thompson for seventeen thousand tivt hundred dollars.

In 1889 and 1890 he and his business associates incorporated the Tacoma & I^ake City Railroad & Navigation Company and Colonel Ross furnished the capital to build this road, which started at the intersection of Union avenue and the Point Defiance car line and terminated at Lake City on the north side of American Lake. He afterward sold the road to the Union Pacific Raih-oad Comjnany but reserved the steamers and boats on the lake. He was offered seventy-five thousand dollars more for the road by the Northern Pacific than he was offered by the Union Pacific Company but declined the more advanta- geous financial i^roiJOsition, preferring to see a new railroad enter Tacoma, realizing what it would mean for the business develoj)- ment of the i)lace. Charles Francis Adams, president of the Union Pacific Railroad: Virgil G. Bogue, chief engineer; Sidney Dillon and Alvin Ames, the largest stockholders in the company, met with JNlr. Ross at his office in the IMason block, where the deal was closed.

During 1891 and 1892 Ogden & Bosworth. surveyed a rail- road line for Colonel Ross from Gig Harbor by way of Bremer- ton, crossing Hoods Canal to Chimacum Valley and north to Port Hadlock and Port Townsend. The Union Pacific Railroad Company was to build this road, Init went into the hands of a receiver. Later King & Dickinson took up the proposition with Colonel Ross in behalf of the Northern Pacific Railroad. They had barely started on the work when this company went into the receiver's hand. The whole matter was then dropped.

During 1889 and 1890 Colonel Ross procured contracts from the Indians for over fifteen hundred acres of their patented tide marsh grass lands, the consideration being between seventy-five and one hundred and fifty dollars per acre. On JNIarch 3, 1903, the United States government, through an act of congress, sent

lllSTOin OF TALUMA 309

three coiiiiiiissioners to Taconia and procured from tlie same Indians contracts to sell the same lands which Colonel Ross had under conti'aet. 'I'liis coiiiniission agreed to pay the Indians from twenty-tive to tit t\ di ilia is \tvv acre, one-tiiird cash and the balance ill five annual iustallnunls. The eoniniission sold the laiuls at those li^ures i)ut Colonel l{oss never contested the yovernments rights in the L'nited States supreme coiu't to sell these lands.

In 1892 Colonel Koss hegan the construction of a railroad huilt iiy the Puyallup Indians along the shore of the Sound between Tacoma and Seattle. The United States government, Grover Cleveland heing then president, sent Captain Car])cnter, an old Indian Hghtei-, with troops from \^ane(iu\er, Washington, hai'raeks to Taeoina to stop the cohiiicl fioni working on the I'uy;dhi|) Indian rcsci-x ation. Thr troo|)s got off at the railroad station, which \\as located on Triangle hloek on the west side of the Northern I'acifie tracks and Railroad avenue at Seventeenth street. They were marched up and down Pacific avenne to the old George K. Stai'r and Xorth Pacific steanur landing at the Xorth Pacific wharf, wlieiice they were transferred to Brown's Point. 'I'hc iu\t day Captain Car])enter sent the soldiei'S to slo]) the Indians Irnm working. A hand to hand battle raged, with no slmls tired. The ea|)tain then ordered his soldiers to retire, at the same time sc'rving notice on Colonel Koss that there would i)e shooting tomori-ow if he persisted in working the Indians on their own land. In the early morning following Colonel Ross' attorneys. Judge Fremont Cami)l)ell, General A. J. leaker and Charles Woodworth, having secured a writ from the courts of King county, Sheriff Charles Woollery captni-ed Ca])tain Carpenter in his tent and after a short ])arley had him arrested and taken to court in Seattle, where a decision was rendered in favor of Ross. The government took the matter to the United States court, where Judge C H. Hanford sustained Ross, hut upon further appeal by the government to the court of ap])eals in San Francisco, the decision was reversed. Later Colonel lioss bought the tide lands from the state in front of the jiatenti-d iiidiaii lands, thereby defeating the goxcrniiient. It is through this fight with the l'nited .States government troops that Mr. Ross was given the title of colonel.

Ill lH!t7 Colonel Ross procured a I'raiieliise across the llals on Raihnad a\eniu' from the city <'omieil and county commissioners and then went to Seattle, where he secured a franchise ihiough the lands on the flats in King ectunt \ . This franchise was secured

310 HISTORY OF TACOMA

bj^ jMalcolm ]MacDougall, a prominent capitalist of Seattle, who raised three million dollars in Canada to build this shore line railroad. He asked for additional rights of way over tide land streets at Tacoma through their attorney, General J. JNI. Ashton. The citj^ council, however, delayed and opposed the project until ]\Ir. ]MacDougall became disgusted and dropped the whole matter. At that time Colonel lloss had an option in Seattle on tide flat lands between Occidental and Oriental avenues for three hundred thousand dollars. Colonel Ross next became interested with Fred E. Sanders in securing a franchise from the city of Tacoma for a street railwaj' line to connect the two cities by Avay of ^Mlite and Stuck river valleys, with a cut-oif over the hills from Auburn to Tacoma. Colonel Ross and Charles Varner, having prospected tills hill route through the timber, knew it was practical and shoM'cd it to George W. Chapman, who then procured the right of way from the owners for jMr. Sanders, Stone & AVebster buy- ing the Sanders route on which the present Seattle-Tacoma interurban line was built.

Colonel Ross named all the streets on tlie tide flats east of the Puyallup river. Sitcum avenue, an Indian name, which means one-half, was formerly the dividing line between Pierce and King counties. When the Puyallup Indian reservation existed, that street divided the county and city. Lincoln avenue is one lumdred and h\enty feet wide and two miles long. Puyallup lioulevard, one hundred and forty feet wide, extends from tlie Sound back to liincoln avenue and points on the center peak of Blount Tacoma. All the rest of the streets were given Indian names, named after the most i)rominent rivers in western and eastern Washington, and are parallel to Puyallup boulevard. These streets are one hundred feet wide. The east and west streets were named after intimate friends of Colonel Ross. The ^Vash- ington state harbor commissioners accepted Colonel Ross' plat at Olympia Washington. Colonel Ross sold the Dupont powder works, the nine hundred and seventy-three acres of ui)lands adja- cent to Nisqually fiats for twenty-five thousand dollars, and their principal manufacturing buildings are located on this land. Upon the same tract Ulysses Grant camped Avhen it was old Fort Xisqually.

Colonel Ross was associated with Fremont Campbell, Jerry IMeeker and George Taylor in platting the town site of Hyada Park. The others all accepted his plan of parked streets and Jerry jNIeeker gave them Indian names.

IIISTUKV (Jl' TACUMA 311

In 1904 Colonel Ross and Jn(l>^c' Fremont C"ani[)l)ell assisted K. J. Felt in '•ettin^' a Iraneiiise i'or the Paeitie Traetion C'oni- paiu'. wliieli lie and as^oeiates oryani/ed. on Paeitie avenue. L'Viti' aveinie and dtliei' slriets fur the eonsli'uetion of an eieetiie iciad to ^Vineiiean l.alce. C'ohMU-i I{oss had suf\e}<.'d a >iti'aiyiil line diagonally aeross tiie Taeonia Land C'onipanys property troni Sprayue street at the I)asel)all grounds to the old Taeonia avenue and Lake City railroad grade in the Oakland addition, and pro- eured the rii»ht of way fioin that eonipany for ^Nlr. Felt. Later the Paeitie Traetion Company sold their road to Stone &,^^''ehster, representing tlie (General Kleetric Coni])any.

In ]!>().") Colonel Koss and .\lleii C. Mason sold tiie Chieago & Milwaukee Railroad Comjjany iiiiicly aeres of ocean and rail terminal tide lands for ninety thmisand dollars. The company has u]) to the ])resent time spent over two million dollars in con- structing ocean warehouses and railroad terminals on this tilled-in land. This was the first purchase made hy the railroad company after deciding to huihi lo Puget Sound. Colonel Ross also platted l{oss' second addition, which joins the tciiiiiiius of the Chieago, Milwaukee \ St. I'aul on tlic tide llats. lie was instnnnental in getting plank roads on Lincoln a\enui' and Sitcom avemie, and also instrumental in tlie l)uilding of two Puyallup ri\er hridges, one at Eleventh street and one at Canal stieet.

^fr. Ross called a meeting of property owners at the Fife schoolhouse .Time 24. lOKi, to discuss the platting of hoidcvarded streets on the old Puyallup Indian reservation of eighteen thou- sand acres adjacent to Tacoma before the land could I)e platted into lot> and streets without regard to system. He has named tiiis district Greater Tacoma. Sixty people were present at the meeting and a committee of ten were elected and formed the Pierce County Roulevard Association, of which Frank C. Ross was elected i)resident. Ilemv Sicade, vice president. U. P. Milne, secretary, and Louis Johnson, treasurer, these officers woi-king with 1 1 any .lohnston. James Meiv/ie, James R. O. Farrall. Kd 1)u1h\ IL T. iMigoeand I). Hertelson. ColomI Ross is now working hard to have a stale paved mad IVoiii Sraltlc o\ei' the hills MMith tliroiiL'li .Jidia"s L;nlch. I .Incohi avenue. l{i\'i'r stieet, Last L street. Tliii-t\-fourtii street and Last (i street, following the street car ti-acks hy way of the Lincoln high school. South Tacoma, Tacoma Speedway, Steilacooni Hospital, Xisqiially Flats, Puget City and Priest Point Park to Olyniina. He secured the consent oi' the countv commissioners for survevintr a

312 HISTORY OF TACOMA

side hill road from Lincoln avenue west by way of Brown's Point and Dasli Point to the King county line at Fairview, and from that point the King county conunissioners will survey the exten- sion of the line to Dumas Baj% Lakota and east to connect with the McClellan Pass highway at Auburn. He recommends that this road be constructed jointly by the counties of Pierce and King and called Inspiration driveway.

Colonel Ross does not belong to any church, secret orders or clubs, and is independent in politics. He concentrates his efforts ujjon his, business affairs, and his active operations in the real estate field have led to the development of some of the most important municipal interests and in^jrovements in accordance with the ideas of modern city building. He has thirty-three acres of land at Gig Ilarlior which, he is im^Jroving — laying out tlie district as a beautiful park. There he makes his home with his m(>ther, and it is liis ])urpose to leave the jjlace to the city for jjarlv purposes. With wonderful prescience lie lias recognized the opjiortunities for modern city plaiming and building. He is a great believer in small parks, claiming they are the lungs of all great cities. Plis has been the vision that has enabled him to see v.hat might lie accomplished and to work toward ends that not only benefit the city at the present time but will i)e enjoyed by her peo2)le for years to come. He ])rophesies that within t«enty-five years the retail business center of Greater Tacoma will be two miles east of the present center, and that property on Lincoln avenue. Eleventh street and Puyalhip boulevard will sell for more per front foot than w ill property on Pacific avenue and Broadwav.

CHARLES B. HURLEY.

The Hurley-jNIason Company, general contractors \vith offices at Tacoma, Spokane, Seattle and Portland, is one of the leading firms in that line of business in the nortliAvest, and its president is Charles B. Hurley, of Tacoma. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the 7th of April, 18fil. of the marriage of William Hopkins and Almira Frances Hiu-ley. The father was born in Sei^tember, 1826, and, although he had but limited educational opportunities in his youth, he was a keen observer and read widely and became an unusually well informed man. As a boj' he entered the employ of Abbott-Johns, dry goods

IllSroiO or TACO.MA n:{

merchants of l'liila(leli)liia. and remained with liiat coiieern lor tliirty-two years. He worked liis way ii]) rapidly aii<l in time liecaiiR- tile senior partni'i" iil' llie tirni. wliieh in the nieantiiiie liad ht-eonie Jolins-lk-i ry, and hiter Berry-Hurley, and was recojuf- nized as a leader in [\\v inipnrtiny and johhinn- of .sill<s. woolens, etc., in the ^Vtlantie coast cities. In IST") the partnership was dissolved and Mr. Hurley retired from active husiness. He died in 10()"_'. Hi' was married in Philadelphia in 18.53 to ]Miss Alinira Frances J{endei\ and they hecame the parents of three children, William H., Harry and Charles B.

Charles B. Hurley attended the public schools for some time and hitei- was a student in a pilxate school, where he prepared for the University of Pemisyh nnla. \\hi(li he attended until 1878. He then entered the cm|)loy of the Xortliei'ii Pacitie Railroad as civil en<>ineer and worked for them in ^Tontana and Xorth Dakota for two years, after which he went to Mexico City, ^Mexico, where he was employed as civil engineer by the Mexican National Construction Com])any. In 1881" he returned to Phila- delphia and became division engineer of the New Jersey Central Bailroad. In 188(i he became connected with the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad and was made assistant ennineer in char<i'e of the construction of the bridge across the Schuylkill river in Piiila- deli)hia. Then he leentered the enq)loy of the Xew Jersey Central Railroad as assistant engineer with head(juarters in Elizabeth, Xew Jersey, where he remained until April, 188G.

Mr. Hurley next removed to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he served as vice president and <>;eneral manaj^er of the Pennsyl- vania X':itural Gas Comj)auy until 1888, when the comjjany was consolidated with several other concerns and he disposed of his interest therein. I'or soin( linic he n])erated independently in oil and f>as in Pennsylvania and Indiana, but on the 3d of May, 1880. disjjosed of his interests and came to Tacoma. haviufj- been em])loyed to come by Charles B. \\'ri<^ht, "tiie father of Tacoma." Mr. Hurley was getieral manager of the Tacoma I^ight & Water Compaiiv until that corporation was sold to the city of Tacoma, when lie became receivei' for llie old Point Defiance Railroad Company whose affairs he managed until ]8!H. He tlien asso- ciated himself with ^^'. W . Seymour, Judge John V. Dillon and Kdinnnd .S( \ niour in llu purchase of the Tacoma Gas & Klectric Tiight Company, the oflicers being as follows: W. W. Seymour, ])resident: Charles B. Hurley, vice i)resident and general man- ager; and F. C. Brewer, secretary and treasurer. The other

3li HISTORY OF TACOMA

two men mentioned served as directors. In 190i ]\Ii-. Hurley sold his interest in that concern and organized the Hurley-Mason Company: general contractors, with offices at Tacoma, Spokane, Portland and Seattle. ]Mr. Hurley is president of the company and gives his personal attention to the conduct of the business. Among the notable structures which the company has erected in Tacoma are the Perkins building, the Tacoma building, Northern Pacific Railway station, the Home Telephone Company building and the chimney for the Tacoma Smelting Company, whicli at that time was the highest chimney in the A\orld, measuring three hundred and seven feet and six and three-quarter inches in height. The concern has dojie notable building all over the northwest.

Mr. Hurley was married in Portland. Oregon, on the 21st of January. 1891, to Miss Ada McCraken, bv Avhom he has two children: Catharine, who is attending the Finch school in New York city: and Charles B., Jr., ten years old, Avho is a student in the public schools.

]Mr. Hurley is a republican. He holds membershi]) in the Commercial Club, the Union Club, the Tacoma Country and Golf Club, the Arlington Club of Portland, Oregon, the Spokane Club and the Spokane Country Club, both of Spokane, Wash- ington, tlie University Club of Seattle, the University Club of St. Paul, 3Iinnesota, and the Pittsburgh Club of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. ]Mr. Hm-ley has been too busy to engage con- tinuously in community endeavor, but now and then he throws his entliusiasms and energies into a public cause, and always with commendable results. He always has been a directing force in the work of the city's commercial liodies and has served again and again on important committees. He lias a wide acquaintance and an equally wide popularity.

WILLI AIM L. DAVIS.

Prominent among the energetic, far-sighted and successful business men of Tacoma is William L. Davis, and a twelve story building, seventy-five by one hundred and twenty feet, is the home of the great furniture establishment of which he is the head. He has gradually worked his way upward in commercial circles and today is the controlling factor in one of Tacoma's chief com- mercial enterprises — one maintaining the highest standards in its personnel, in its methods and in the lines of merchandise carried.

"^^^

Ci^^xr-uf

1I1ST()K\ Ul TACO.MA 317

Mr. Davis was horn in Galena, Illinois, July 4. 18.)7. a son ol' Akx;iii(lLr C. and Helen ^larv Davis. ^Vl'ter attending the jnil)]ic" schools he continned his studies in tlie normal school at Galena and was graduate d thriet'iom on llic 17th ol'June, \H7'-i.

In August of the same year he went to Fort Wallace, Kansas, where he hecame manayer of the Fred Harvey Hotel. A year later he was gi\en chalice of the Fred Har\<y cattle ranch in that district and continiRd in that position I'm- one year, after which he engaged in the cattle raising husiness on his own ac- count for three years. .Vt the expiration of that time he sold out and went to Las A'egas, Xew Mexico, where he conducted a freighting husiness hetween that jxiint and Santa Fe; then re- moved to Alamosa, Colorado, and took charge of the PeiTV Hotel for a hrief period hefore heconiing a resident of Gunnison, Colorado, having secured a contract for carrying the T^riited States mail hetween there and I'itkin, Colorado. Nine months later he moved to Ru])v. in the same state, and devoted four years to mining. He then moved to Deadwood, South Dakota, where he had charge of the Kvans and Northwestern transjiortation lines, the Standard Oil Comjjany and Arhucklc Brothers CoU'ee Company, and was secretary-treasuici- of the Xorihwcstern Loan Company. Isncigy and close applicati<in liad cxcn i)een characteristic of his husiness career and hronght him achance- ment through all the years u]i to that point.

On leaving South Dakota in ^larch, 188H. Mr. Davis came to 'I'acoma, and throughout the entire period of his residence here has heen idcntilicd with the furniture trade. He first ac- cejjted the position of manager with V. S. Harmon & Comjjany, Avherc he remained for two ycai-s. In .\pril. 18!)(), in partnership with Charles K. Horton. nndci- the liiiii n;unc of Davis (Sc Hor- ton. he entered tlic retail furniture husiness at "JUS Pacific ave- nue, where they had a Hoor space twenty hy one hundred feet. In 18!)1 they secured larger (|uarters hy removal to the Morrison hlock, at the corncM- of Pacific avenue and Twenty-fourth street, where the}- had a tloor space .seventy-five by one hundred and twenty feet. The business soon outgrew this location, however, and ^HU^■ saw the firm located in the .Toliii S. Baker l)uilding. at the noithwcst corner of I'acific avenue and l-'ilteenth street. This luiilding wr.s used for the display ol' samples only, and dur- ing their oceu|)an(\ of it two warehouses weie used for stock. One was located in Commerce street, between Fifteenth and Seventeenth, n four story hnilding fiftv 1)v one hundred feet, and

318 HISTORY OF TACOMA

the other, a three story liuilding and basement buikling. at Four- teenth and A streets.

In 1902 C. F. L. Smith was taken into the partnership and the firm name changed to Davis, Horton & Company. In July of that year the business was moved to tlie corner of Pacific ave- nue and Xineteentli street, occupying all the five story brick build- ing, one hundred by one hundred and twenty feet. ]Mr. Horton M'ithdrew from the business in 1906, and shortly thereaftei- W. E. Burgess became a jjartner and the style of the firm name was changed to Davis, Smith & Company. The business was con- tinued in the Pacific avenue and Nineteenth street location until ]May, 1908, when the present twelve story building, erected for the firm on the northeast corner of Pacific avenue and Fifteenth street, was ready for occupancy. In INIarch. 1913. ]Mr. Davis IJurchased his partner's interest and the firm name was changed to Wm. L. Davis & Sons.

From its small beginning in 1890, this Inisiness has steadily expanded with the growth of Tacoma, and today is one of the largest exclusive furniture and house furnishing establishments in the Pacific northwest. Its lines of merchandise and facilities are most varied in cliaracter, embracing every requisite for fur- nishing the humblest home, the most pretentious mansion, hotel or public building. In greatest measure this has lieen due to the untiring efforts of the subject of this sketch. During all these years he has kept in close touch with the needs of the business and the changing demands of its jjatrons, always insisting on a policy of absolute fairness.

In October. 1887, ^Ir. Davis was married, in Santa ^Nlaria, California, to iNIiss INIary Ellen Phelps, and they have become parents of five children: Lambert I^., twenty-seven years of age, who is a gi-aduate of the University of Pennsylvania and now a partner in the firm of Wm. I>. Davis k Sons: Don Phelps, twen- ty-six years of age, also a University of Pennsyhania njan and a partner in the firm ; Frederick Evans, twenty-f oui- years of age, who completed his education in the same school: AVilliam ]Mc- Kinley, twenty-one years of age, who was educated at DeKoven Hall, Tacoma, is a graduate of the Taft School for Boys at WatertoAvn, Connecticut, and is now in cliarge of the carpet department of the firm of Wm. U. Davis & Sons: and Dorothy, Avho attended the Annie Wright Seminary, Tacoma, St. ^Mary's School, Peekskill. Xew York, and took a course in the New York Institute of 3Iusic and Art.

lilSTOK^' OK TACO.MA '^19

They nw iiiciiiltt'i's oi' tlic l'".!)isi'()|);il i-hmcli. and .Mr. D.ivis gives liis political allegiance to the rt])nlilican i)art\. Init the honors and en lojuineiits of office lia\ ( no attraction foi- liiin. He belongs to the C'oniniercial. IIk Taconia C'onntiy and (iolf and the Taconia Yacht Chilis. The way oT oppoitvinity has ever marked the path of his success. \N'hile lie has never been actu- ated l)v any spirit of vaulting anihition. he has never heen afraid to venture where favoring opportunity has led the way. Fortu- nate in possessing character and ability that inspire eontidence in others, the sini])le weight of this trait has led him into important coniniercial relations.

C li.\Kl.KS S. STOCKING.

Charles S. Stocking, who is vice president and traveling salesman of the Pacific Glass & Paint Coni])any of Tacoma, has denionsti'ated his ability and enter])rise in the successful conduct of the affairs of tin's corpoiation. lie was born in l{uiM\ille, Connecticut, on tlie stli of May. 1H7!). a son of Frank I-, and Harriet L. (Smith) Stocking. He attended the ])ulilie schools in his native town until h,e was about seven years of age, when he was taken by his parents to Denver. Colorado, where he continued his education for some time. .Subse(iuently he was engaged in ranching with his father for a year and still later removed to Greeley, Colorado, where he attended school until 1891. in which yeai- renunal was niad<' to Taconia. He con- tinued his studies in the schools of this city and was graduated from the high school in 1808.

\ot long aftciward Mr. Stocking entered the employ of the Wheeler-Osgood Lumber C(>m])any and worked in their mill for about three weeks. He then aceei)ted a jiosition in the othce of the assistant general sui)eriutendent of the Xorthern I'acitic Kail- road and after serving as clerk for six months was made call boy and chik in tin- ollicc of the liainmastci'. Pacific division of that company, and held that position for a year. He then went to the ]'liilip])ine Islands as a stenogra])ber in the I'nited States government department of post but four yea is later resigned that ])osition and bccaiin- stenogi'aplici' for Condcrt l^roilurs. iiitt'r- national attorneys. Tic only i-cniained with them foi- three months, however, and then icturncd to Tacoma. For a short

320 HISTORY OF TACOMA

time he worked as a laborer in the employ of the Pacific Glass & Paint Company, but in February, 1905, met with an accident which temporarily incapacitated him for work. ^^']liIe con- valescing he was employed in the office of the company for six weeks and at the end of that time was made salesman and mani- fested so much ability and such a thorough grasp of the business that in February, 1907, he Avas made vice president. The com- pany manufactures a general line of paints and deals in painters' supplies of all kinds.^ It has built up a large trade and has gained an enviable reputation for the high quality of its goods and for fair dealing.

IMr. Stocking was married in Tacnma on the 12th of Jime, 1912, to jNIrs. Marie Larsen. His political endorsement is given to the re])ublican party, and he discharges to the full all of the duties of a good citizen, although he has never souglit office. He holds membership in the United Commercial Travelers and also belongs to the Commercial Club. He is interested in everything pertaining to the business development of Tacoma and has been very successful in directing the affairs of the Pacific Glass & Paint Company. He not only stands high in business circles but he is also popular j^ersonally, his salient characteristics being such as invariably command respect and regard.

E. V. WIXTEIUIOTE.

E. V. Wintermote, secretary and treasurer and part owner of the Puget Sound Lumber Company, is one of the leading business men of Tacoma, where he has resided since 1897. His birth occurred in Tennessee on the 20th of October, 1861, and he is a son of Joseph E. and JNIaria J. Wintermote. The father Avas engaged in manufacturing artillery harness for the Con- federate government during the early part of the Civil war but after the fall of Fort Donelson was forced to remove to Ken- tucky, where his wife had a brother who was a lieutenant in the Union army. After the M-ar the family removed from Camp Xelson to ^''ersailles, Kentucky, where our subject resided until 1880 and where he received his education. In the year mentioned he removed to Kansas City, where he was employed by the Adams Express Company until 1888. He then secured a position as bookkeeper, which he filled in a most satisfactory manner initil

HlSTOltV OF TACU31A 321

1894. whcu iic hc'camc coiiiicflcd with the Arkansas-Missouri Vclluw Pine Association and went to St. L,ouis. He remained in that city for three years hut in .July, 1897, hecanie a resident of Taconia. He secured the position of piu'chasing agent for the JMcPhee &: McCiiiuiity Coinjjany of Denver and for sixteen years has liehl that important ])osition. His connection with tlie Puget Sound Lmnhci' Company dates from 190.5, when he hought an interest in the husiness, and he has since served as secretary and treasurer of the concern.

Mv. W'inlermofe is a stalwart (Iciiiocrat in politics hut has never had the time nor inclination to hold ollice. Fraternally he belongs to Lebanon Lodge, Xo. 104, A. F. & A. M., and to the ]Modcr>i ^Voodmen. and his religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Christian church. All who have come into contact with him recognize his enterprise, business sagacity and resourcefulness and in all of his transactions he has conformed to the highest standards ol' commercial ethics.

MRS. MAll^' F. HKAX.

Mrs. Mary F. Bean, residing in Tacoma and secretary of the Pierce County Pioneers' Association, is a daughter of John V. JNIeeker and a re])rcsentative of one of the early pioneer families of ^Vashington, her father lia\ ing ciiiiic to this slate wlicn the woi-k of progress and (k\ elopment seemed scarcely begun in llir northwest. Tlu' dangliter Mary was reared in western Wash- ington and in young womanhood married Clarence (). JJean. As county surveyor and in the profession of civil engineering Clarence C). liean I)tc;tine widely known in 'r.icnuin jind Pierce county. He came to the PaciHe coast rrmii Wisconsin, having resided near l)e .Soto, that state. It was in 187.) tliat lie left the Mississii)pi valley and ni;idc his way to California, and in 1877 he arrived in the Scuiiid ('(Mintry. II is first work was in school teaching at Pnyallnj) and lu also taught in an academy at Olympia. However, he was a civil engineer by ])rofession and after devoting some time to teaching he returned to Puyalhi]). where he later followe<l his iirnfession. although during the early period nl' his i-(sid<ncc tluic he engaged in !i'i|) raising l'i>r {wo iir three years. He aCttrward bcc.-uiic civil engineer in cnnnec- tion with the Imilding (if the coal lunikcrs at Tacoma and con-

322 HISTORY OF TACOMA

tinned to follow hi.s iJrofession independently in Tacoma foi" eight years. In the field of sm-veying he did important Avork and for a year was actively connected with the Northern Pacilic Railway & Land Conii^any. He was called to the office of conntj' surveyor and made a creditable record in that position, and as civil engineer he was connected with a number of important projects.

jNIr. Bean was united in marriage to Miss Mary F. Meeker, a daughter of John V. Meeker, and to them were born foui' daughters: Edna B., the wife of IT. S. Keigley, by whom she has two children; ]Mrs. C R. Boyles, of Tacoma, who has two chil- dren; Mrs. C. T. JMunn, who has one child; and Mrs. R. L. Cornell, living at Manette, Washington.

In his fraternal relations Mr. Bean is an Odd Fellow and his membershij) relations extend to the Unitarian church, which he joined on its organization. He is a re])ublican and quite active in politics, doing evei-ything in his power to promote the growth and insure and success of his party. INIrs. Bean has been a meml)er of the Pierce County Pioneers' Association since its organization and is now most acceptably filling the office of secretarJ^ She has always been active in promoting the interests of Washington as far as in her ])ower and she has a very strong attachment for this state, in which she has now long resided, l)eing ever an interested witness of the changes whicli have oc- curred and lirought about present-day conditions of progress and prosperity.

HAVELOCK C. BOYLE.

Havelock C. Boyle, actively engaged in the real estate busi- ness in Tacoma, was born at Eatonville, New Brunswick, Decem- ber 1, 1879. His father, William Boyle, a native of Canada, was of English and Irish descent. He is a skilled mechanic who in the year 1899 came to Tacoma, where he is still actively engaged in business. He married Agnes E. Walsh, a daughter of the late William Walsh, who was of Canadian birth and of English and Irish lineage. IMrs. Boyle also survives and in fact there has been no break in the family circle caused by the hand of death, for the th.ree sons are also living, namely: Havelock C; Walter, a resident of Tacoma; and Allan W., living in Virginia.

lUSTOJiV Ol' TACU.MA 323

In tilt' early boyhood of Ilavelock C". lioyle his jjareiits re- iiio\L(l to Oiituiiagoii, .Michigan, wiicic he attended the gTaded and high schools. He aftei-uard hccaine a student in tiie |)iil)lic in'ght scliddls (if 'I'acoiiia. (•(Hitiniicd his cihK'aliiin iindtr Y. M. C A. instructimi ami aUn pursued a nigiit course in 'I'ate's Husiness C'olii'm-. In IS'.k;. when seventeen \ears old. lie came to Taeonia with iiis niotlKi- and two hrdhers on a visit. The I'ainily. however, decided lo make their home here and in lHi>!) the father removed to this city.

Ilaxeloek ('. Boyle secured a i)osition with the Pioneer Bind- ery, in which he was to receive a salary of two dollars per week, lilt the firm recogni/ed his faithfulness and capability and gave liim the iiiimilicciil mimi (jT Hirer ilnllars per week. ^Ir. Boyle says he does not know w hether this was hy mistake, accident or otherwise, hut he was nevertheless rejoiced not onlv because of the increase but happy to have cmplcymeiit. lie resided in Old Tacoma and twice each day walked the distance of two mile.s. He there continued for some time but aflerwai'd secured a better position with the Bay Printing C'om|)any and while in their estai)lishnient leai-ned the printer's trade. It was during this period that he attended night seluHil. Ilius perfecting himself for better things ami \\i(l(r uppditnnitics. lie aCtei'ward took pri- \ate lessons in stenography and tlius (|ualiHe(l for advancement in the business world. He continued to follow the ])rinter's trade for about four years and after he had thoroughly ac(|uainted himsell' with the business he olitained a situation with W. .\. MeXeilev, then a prominent dealer in bicycles. Later he was employed by the Commonwealth Title iV Trust Company in copying legal documents and in this way he added largely to his fund 111' knowledge, while the exjierience constituted the initial ste|) toward Iiis present business coiuiections. Ills next ])osilion was with Calvin Phili])s & Company, real estate and loan agents, whom he served as a stenographer and collector, continuing with that com])any in different ca])aeities until .ranuary, 11)09. when lie purc-liased an interest in the Imsiness and became vice ])resi- dent. filling the olliee until Decemiier 1. 1!M I-. I''inm \n\cmber. I'M'J. until the 1st of December, I'.Mt, lie had charge oi' the companv's bi-ancb oflice in Seattle, conducting it with the greatest efficiency anil satislaet ion tn all cuncerncd. .\fter his withdrawal rmm that connection he incnrpur.ited his present liusiness under the name of Ilavelock C. Boyle \ Com|)any, of which Ik is the principal stockholder and the |)residenf. The firm deals in real

^24 HISTORY OF TACOMA

estate, bonds, mortgages and insurance and has a large clientage, the business having now assumed gratifying proportions. ]Mr. Eoyle is a member of the Tacoma Keal Estate Association and is serving on its committee on city terminals. He has thorough!}' acquainted liimself with real estate conditions in Tacoma and has negotiated many important propei'ty transfers.

On tile 2Uth of 31ay, 190a, in Tacoma, 31r. Jioyle was married to Miss Eva Raleigh, a native of Canada and a daughter of Henry and Elizabeth Raleigh, who were also born in that country, ]Mr. and JMrs. Boyle have two daughters, namely: Elizabeth Ann, who was born in Tacoma, June 30, 190.5; and Eleanor Raleigh, whose birth occurred in Tacoma on the 17th of April, 1910. The family residence is at Xo. 3222 North Twenty- fourth street.

The religious faith of tlie family is that of the Methodist church, while the political belief of ]Mr. Boyle is in accord with the i^rinciples of the republican jiarty. He belongs to the Com- mercial Club, of which he became a charter member, and he stands for all tliose things which the club projects in its efforts to advance the city's upbuilding and promote its substantial im- provement. The word onward is probably emblazoned on his banner, for his entire course has been marked by a steady progression that has brought liim out of connection with small things into the realm of large activity, his business afi^airs featur- ing as an imjjortant element in the commercial interests of

''I"^

Tacoma.

HOX. RALPH METCALF.

The record of few men in pulilic life has extended over a longer period than that of Senator Ralpli ]\[etcalf, and none has been more faultless in honor, fearless in conduct, or stainless in rejjutation. One of the most jiromiiient features of liis sena- torial record was his eff'ort to secure tlie passage of the primaiy law, and he is regarded as an autliority ujjon tliat subject. jNIany other imjiortant legislative acts, too, owe their existence in no small measure to his efforts and influence, and he has long been a recognized leader of the republican party in city and state. Successive steps of progression through tlie field of journalism and lumber manufacture brought him to his present positiori.

HON. iJAI.I'll MKTiAI.K

IIIS'J'OKV OF TACOMA 327

A native son of New England, he was born in Providence, Rhode Island, in ISCi. a son of Alfred and Rosa Clinton (31eloy) Metcalf. 'I'lic city of Providence iiad been the lionie of tile -MetcaHs throngh many generations, althongh the first American ancestor, on coining from Liverpool. J<'.iigland, settled at Dcdham, Massachusetts, in 10;J7 hut later followed Itogcr AN'illiams to Providence. In the maternal line Senator ^letealf also conies from English ancestry. His parents are still resi- dents of Providence.

In the pnl)lic schools of iiis native city Ralph Metcalf pursncd his cdncation until he liad completed a high school course, and later he attended the Rrowii riiivcrsit\- and also the University of ^lichigan. He graduated from the latter with the class of 1883. During his college days at Ann Arbor he was prominent in athletic circles and was manager of a base ball team. When his college days were over he became connected with news])aper publication in Winona, ^linnesota, purchasing and editing the Daily Herald. A large share of his newspaper work, how- ever, was done in St. Paul, on the Pioneer Press. After living in St. Paul and NVinona for seven years he removed to Tacoma in 188!) and became editor and proprietor of the Tacoma Morn- ing Globe, which he continued to publish until 1803, when he sold his interests in the jjaper, which at that time was absorbed by the Eedger. ]Mr. ^letcalf turned from journalism to the lum])er trade. Becoming connected with the shingle mill business, he organized the ]Metcalf Shingle Company, which from its inccy)- tion became a growing and profitable enterprise. In 1002 the business was incor])orate(l with a paid up cai)ital of one hundred thousand dollars. Louis 1). Caiuijlicll. nl'tcrward mayor of Tacoma, becoming j)resident. with -Mi'. Mctcalf as the secretary and treasurer of the company. The ])lant had a dailv (Mit])nt of nearly one million shingles and worked to its lull capacity in order to meet the demands of the trade. The company owned and o])eratc(l two shingle mills, situated at Kilso and at Castle Rock. Tile luisincss was .successfully conducted uikK i- lin direc- tion of Mr. Mctcalf and his assistant officers until 1010. when he sold out and retired from that field, since which time he has concentrated his efforts largely upon bis |)ul)lie duties as one of the lawmakers of the state.

Since closing his business Mr. Mttcalf has devoted bis time to a study of the ])roblems of agricultural development, par- ticularly in the field of I'ural credit, cooperation and farm market-

Vol. n— 22

328 HISTORY OF TACOMA

ing. He was active in securing the passage of Chapter 18, Laws of 1913, creating a Bureau of Farm Uevelojjnient and providing for county agriculturists. In 1913 he was appointed one of the two representatives of the state of Washington upon the Amer- can Commission, which studied rural credit, cooperation and agricultural organization in every country in Europe in that year. He attended the meeting of the commission at Washing- ton, D. C, in December, 1913. The bill tlien presented to the president resulted in the enactment of the federal farm loan law in 1916. Senator ]Metcalf devoted tlie next year to preparing from his notes and a vast amount of material gathered in Europe his report of the European investigation, which was published by the state in March, 191o, under the title "Rural Credit, Coopera- tion and Agricultural Organization in Em-ope." This report is recognized by experts as the most valuable work in this field ever published and has given Mr. ]Metcalf higii standing as an authority. He delivered a series of lectures upon this subject before local granges and other farmers' meetings, the state bankers' convention at Walla AValla, Farmers' Union of Wash- ington and Idaho, the National Apple Show, at Spokane, commei-cial organizations and women's clubs. His exhaustive address before tlie Farmers' Union was pul)lished by the United States government as "Rural Credits in Germany," Senate Document No. .571. The legislature of 1915 authorized him in cooperation with a liouse member and the attorney general to prei^are rural credit legislation for submission to the 1917 session and he devoted the two years to jireparing a series of bills cover- ing rural credit, farm marketing and kindred subjects, insisting that permanent sul)stantial ])rosperity of the cities as well as of the state must be ])uilt upon tlie solid foundation of judicious agricultural develoi^ment.

AVhile a resident of St. Paul, JNIinnesota, Mr. ]Metcalf was married to ]Miss Edith Shnpson, and they have a daughter. Eliza- beth. They occupy a prominent social position, equalled by the place of eminence that jNIr. INIetcalf has obtained in political circles. He became an earnest student of the political questions and issues of the day, carefully weighing all of the signs of the times and directing his efforts along those lines through which, to him, seemed to flow the greatest good to the greatest number. In 1893 he was made chairman of the republican central com- mittee at Tacoma and contijiued in that position for four years, while in 1908 he was elected to the presidency of the William H.

IIISTOKV OF TACOMA 329

Taft League of tlie state. Siuee 1!)()7 he lias represented the twenty-sixth distriet in llie W'asliington senate and was eliairniaii of the I'ieree county leuislative dele;>ati(in (hiiin;' the session. Ilis nann- is |»i-iiiiiiii(iilly assoeialed witii iniicli iinportatit Ic^ishi- tion. lie introchieed into the senaU' and was the t'oreniost advoeate ol" the (hreet primary law and u[)()n tliat suhjeet lie is a reeognized authority. His piihlisiied addres.s on Direct I'ri- niary Legislation, delivered liet'ore the University C'luli. is iistd as a reference work in Ihr nnivtrsities of Miehigan, Wisconsin, Xehraska and Colorado and in other colleges. Senator ]\Ietcalf was one of the early advocates of corporation limitation and of a I'ailroad commission, and his work is interwoven with various otiii-i- plans and ni<i\ cmc iits w liicli. in lluii- adoption. lia\ c rcsiilU-d to the henetit and npi)nilding of the interests of tiie common- wealth. His concern for Taeoma is indicated !)y the hearty cooperation which he gives to the work of tlie ("liamhei' of Com- merce and the Coniinercial Cluh. and that lu Is ap|)ic(iative of tiie social amenities of life is indicated in his memiici'shi]) in the Union, University and Country cluhs. all of these regarding him as a most valued meml)er. His is a well halanced nature in w liicli action has ever accorded with the principles ol' truth and lionoi' and in wliicli his high sciisr of duly h;is found expression in tangihle eifort for the cix ic dexelopment o|' the cit\- and state.

GKORGK LESLIE DICKSON.

George Leslie' Dickson, now identified with various eor|)orate interests in Taeoma. has made his home in this city since \HH2 and for a tliird of a century lias liceri engaged in the clothing trade, developing one of the foremost estahlishnients of this char- acter in the city. He is imhncd with the spii'it of indomilahle energy uMd jjrogress which has e\cr eliaraeteri/ed tlie noi'tliwest and is a typical resident of the Puget Sound country. He was horn in Troy. Xcw ^'ork. in 18.)2, a son of Jolui and l""li/.a Dick- son, the former a nati\c of tin- north of Ireland, while the latter was l»oi-n in Canada. I n tin- ai-qnircnicnt of his cdut'alion (icorge Tjcslie Dickson attended the c-omnion schools of his nati\'e city and the Troy Business College, and stnrtcd out in life at the carjienter's trade, while suhsequently he hecame a ear huilder. He has resided njion the Pacific coast since 1H7<' and in 1 SS'J

330 HISTORY OF TACOMA

removed from Sacramento to Tacoma, where the following j-ear he entered mercantile circles in the establishment of a clothing- business. In this trade he has since continued, developing one of the leading conmiercial enterprises of the citj-, now incor- porated laider the name of Dickson Brothers Company, of which he is the president, ^^arious other busmess enterjjrises have jirofited by the stimulus of his cooperation. He became one of the directors of the Columbia National Bank upon its organiza- tion and is now secretary and treasurer of the Tacoma JNIausoleum Association and treasurer of the Longmire ]Mineral Springs Com- pany. He has also made ihvestments in real estate and is the owner of four business lots on Pacitlc avenue. His activities liave been guided by sound judgment and at all times he has manifested keen insight into business conditions and their pos- sibilities.

In Tacoma, in 18iJ4. Mr. Dickson was married to Miss ^linnie McConaha, whose people are residents of Kansas. They have a son, Cecil L., who was born in 189.5 and is a student in the Wash- ington University.

]Mr. Dickson gives his jjolitical allegiance to the democratic party. He lias lield no public offices save that he has served as trustee of the Tacoma Cemetery for tlie last twelve or fifteen years. He belongs to Tacoma Lodge, Xo. 174, B. P. O. E., and the nature and breadth of his interests outside of Inisiness circles, \\liere he has won a most creditable place, is indicated in his connection witli the Tacoma Commercial Club, the Tacoma Automobile Club, the State Historical Society and the Ferry ]Museum. This indicates that the spirit of progress actuates him in other relations outside of commercial lines, that lie is ever will- ing to aid and cooperate in the work of promoting Tacoma's upbuilding and progress.

WALTER ^V. WIXG.

Walter W. Wino- who has been a resident of Tacoma for twenty-three years, is now a leading representative of its business intei-ests as a member of the firm of Wing Brothers, automobile dealers, located at Xos. 204-6 St. Helens avenue. He was bcfi-n in Conway, ^Massachusetts, on the 2d of ]May, 1874. a son of George B. and Xancy (Boyden) Wing, both of wliom were

IllSTOKV or TACOMA 331

natives of the old Bay state. The family history has heeii traced hack to Rev. John Wing, who, Mitli liis wife. l)cl)orah Ann Wing, eniigratfd to the new world trtJiu J'Lngland in 1 (!."{() and settled in Sandwich. Massachusetts. From them all of the American ^Vings art- (Kseiiuitii. (ieorge J?. Wing engaged in farming in .Massaehnsetls hut alter his removal to Taeoma in 1882 turned his attention to the real estate business. A[ length, having accumulated a com])etence, he retired from active life and is still living in tiiis city at the age of eighty-four years. His wife passed away in January, litll.

\Valter W. ^^'ing s])ent his early childhood on the home farm and after attending the ])uhlie schools of .Massachusetts he he- canir a studnit in the Arms Academy at SIhIIjuiiu- fails, that state. The family removed to Tacoina in 1S'.»j!. hut lie remained in the east comi)leting his education until 18!»."J, when he. tcio, came westward, reaching this city on the "i.'Jd of October. He became interested in a laundry luisiness, which he conducted until 1 !»().), whin lu- and his brother, (ieorge B. Wing, formed the firm of Wing lirothers and entered the automobile business. They occupy a two story concrete building fifty l)y one hundred and t\\enty feet in dimensions at Nos. '204-U St. Helens avenue, which affords them sixty-two hundred sqnai-e feet of tlooi- space and also an aniux, which gi\es tlicm six thousand sfjuare feet. They have a large repair shop, have a number of air machines, keep on hand a. large su])ply of gasoline, sell all kinds of auto- mobile accessories and have space for the accommodation of a large number of machines. They are also agents for tlie Reo and Stcaiiis cais and have the territory west of the Ca.seade mountains, being rej)resentcd by sub-agents in all of the prin- cipal towns in this district. Tliiy undei-stand everv ])hase of the automobile l)usiness and so manage their affairs llial all of tbtir interests return a good prf)fit.

Walter W. Wing was married on the ."JOtli of I)ecem])er. 1011. to 3Iiss ^lae Ciriebler. a (laughter of Rudolph and Alberta (iriehler of St. Cloud. .Minnesota, where the father engaged in merchandising. .Mr. Wing lias always supported the repuliheaii jiaity and be takes a keen interest in public affairs although he has ne\er iieen an olHce seeker. He is connected with the Masonic order an<l is one of the trustees of the Commercial Club, and a member of the Rotaiy Club, wbieb organizations are important factors in the conunercial develoj)ment of Taeoma. When he first established his garage the automobih' business

332 HISTORY OF TACOMA

was in its infancy, and as the industry has developed lie has expanded his husiness, keeping always in the front among the automobile dealers of the city. He is recognized as a man of foresight and good judgment and of sterling integrity and ranks high in business circles. His residence is at No. 1216 North Steele street.

EARNEST F. FREEMAN.

Among the successfid attorneys of Tacoma is Earnest F. Freeman, who was born in Emmetsbin-g, Iowa, on the 30th of September, 1883. His father, F. Freeman, was bom in AVis- consin, but in 187-j removed to Palo Alto county, Iowa, becoming- one of its jiioneers. He engaged in business in Emmetsbm'g, .selling at retail groceries, shoes and notions, and followed mer- cantile pursuits there for more than a quarter of a centiuy. In the spring of 191.) he retired from active life. He married ]Miss INIelvina Holbrook, a daughter of pioneer settlers of "Whitewater, Wisconsin.

Earnest F. Freeman was reared at home and com2)leted a coiu'se in the high school at Emmetsburg in June, 1900. In the fall of 1902 he entered the College of I^aw of the State University of Iowa, from which he was graduated in June, 190.5, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. On beginning his independent career he worked as a clerk in his father's grocery store and later, from 190.) to 1907, was deputy clerk of the fourteenth judicial district of Iowa. He was next employed by Hugh H. Shepard of JNIason City, Iowa, as an abstracter of titles.

In the fall of 1907 he came to Tacoma and formed a partner- ship with A. J. Swindle imder tlie tirm iiame of Swindle & Freeman. Subsequently he entered the employ of ^Marshall K. Snell and still later of George G. Williamson. He demonstrated his ability in his chosen profes.sion and on the 1st of January, 1912, became a partner in the law firm of Williamson, William- son & Freeman, which is retained as counsel on one side or the other in much of the important litigation in the courts of this county. He is also secretary-treasurer and a director of the INIountain View Development Company, which is engaged in developing a beautiful modern burial park with, perpetual care.

Mr. Freeman was married on the 14th of July, 1909, in Seat-

111ST()1{^■ OF TACUMA 333

tie, Washington, to Miss Wvu V. Ilotclliii^-, a daughter of Adchsoii II. and Nellie L. Ilotelliiig. Mrs. Freenians mother is pi-(il)al'ly the only person living toilay who attended the Uni- versity ol' Iowa during the time of the C ivil war. Her father, who was one of the fii'st settlers of Cerro Gordo county, Iowa, was at the time of his death one of the largest landowners in that county. Mr. and ^Irs. Freeman have become the parents of a daughter, Corinne ^lae, now five. years of age.

.Ml-. Freeman indorses []\v |)iin(i|)l(s n\' the reiJublican party. In addition to serving as de^mty clerk of the fourteenth judicial district nf Iowa from the 1st of Scptcnil)er, 190.), to the 1st of January. l!t()7. he held the olHce of city clerk of Emmetshiu'g, Iowa, fidin A])iil 1. 1!)()(), to .January 1, 1!)07. He belongs to the Country Club and is a member of the Masonic order, in which he held scvLial minor offices during the years 1912, 1913 and 1914. Although taking the interest of a good citizen in politics, he has devoted the greater part of his time and attention to his ])i'ol'essi(itial wnik nnd bis iidv .inccniciil at tiie bar has been highly cre(lital)li- t<i liis al)ility and iiidnsli'v.

JAMES lU CIIAXAN.

James Hucliatian. of Tacoina. is the president of the I'uget Sound Lumber Company, which he organized in 1901 and which is one of the most successfid and most |)i-ogressive concerns in that field of activity. His birth occuiMcd in Ontario, Canada, on the rith of July, 1873. and his father. John A. IJuchanan, was a native of Xew York. He was a lumberman and was well UiKiw II in l)iisincss cii'clcs of liis coiiiiiimiity. His demise occurred at 'I'acoMia in I!M."{. w Ik n be bad icjk lud the venerable age of ninctv-sevc II yeai's. His wife, wiio bori the maiden name of Sarah Deary, was born in Ontario and died in I'.lOtJ when sixty- six years old.

.lames liuchanan received his education in the ])nblic schools of Paris, Ontario, and after ])utting aside his textbooks became comiccted with the lumber business, in which he has since con- tinued. In 1891 be and bis brother. J. C. Buchanan, built a mill in I'aris. wbicli tlicy operated foi- two years. They then wt-nl to \cw foiindhind. wlurc tiiey estabjislicd tiiemselvcs in the mill liiisincss. .Xflcr spending Iwo years tliere tliey went to (Ii'a\'en-

334 HISTORY OF TACOMA

hurst, Ontario, where they remained until 1898. In that year tliey came to Tacoma and built a shingle mill at Twenty-tirst and Dock streets. JNIr. Buchanan of this review engaged in business there until 1901, when he founded the Puget Sound Lumber Company, which is an incorporated concern and of which he is president and E. V. Wintermote secretary and treasurer. They own the entire business, which has now reached extensive jjro- portions, and they are recognized as important factors ni hunber circles in the northwest. The original plant had a capacity of about twenty thousand feet but it has been enlarged from time to time and now cuts two hundred and fifty thousand feet per day. The ])lant, which is six hundred by four hundred feet in dimen- sions, is the most modernly equipped sawmill in Tacoma and handles all of its output by two electric cranes, which have a capacity of five hnndred thousand feet i)er day. although all of the other mills on the Pacific coast still use horses or trucks. The cranes have proved very much more eflficient than the old methods and are worked by only six men. The ]:)lant runs night and day, steady employment is fin-nished to one hundred and forty men, the company is generally recognized as one of the important assets of Tacoma. About half of its product is sold hi this countiy and half is sent to foreign markets.

jNIr. Buchanan married JNIiss Xora Lind, a native of Tacoma, and they have three children, James, Jr., ^Mildred E. and Wilbert. all liorn in this city.

]\Ir. Buchanan supports the rejaublican partj' at the polls but has been too much occupied with the development of his extensive business interests to take an active part in politics. He has been quick to recognize opportunity and pronqjt in taking andvantage of it, and in the management of his affairs has disjilayed not only enterprise and agressiveness but also a keen insight into business conditions.

HON. AXGELO VANCE FAWCETT.

Hon. Angelo Vance Fawcett, Tacoma's popular and efiicient mayor, serving for the third term and each time receiving election by a vote that gave him a large majority over his opponent, is recognized as one of the most reliable, progressive, farsighted and courteous pul;lic officials of the northwest. To believe in a

HON. ANOELO \\ I'AWC lOTT

IIISTOin' Ol" TACO.MA 337

cause with Mi', l-'awcctt is to alttiii|)l to secure its adoption, (poll any \ital (piestioii his position is never an eiinivoeal one and liis support of any measure is tlie expression of his lionest hehel' in its value. lie was born in Knox county, Ohio, on the titli of March, IHWi. His father, IMiilip I'aueett, also a native of Ohio, was a son of ^Arthur Fawcett, who was lioni in the north of Ireland and became the founder of the .American branch of the family, lie arrived in the new world when a youth of fourteen years and settled in I'eiinsyU ania, wlKie he married a lady of (ierinan l)iith. He became a most successiul a<4riculturist, as did liis son, I'hilip l''aweett, wlio, however, at the time of the \\'ar of ISri put aside all bushiess considerations and personal interests, joining the ^Vmerican army as a ])rivate. He died at Saybrook, Illinois, at the age of sixty-seven years. His wife, who boi-e the maiden name of ^lartha Ellen \'ance, was a native of Oliio and dii'd in ]H(i4 in I.ogan county, Illinois, whitiier slie went with her husband and eliildien in the year 1«.VJ. .She was but tiiirty-eight years of age at tiu- time of her demise, in the family were four sons and two daiighteis. but one of tlie daughters died in early girlhood, 'i'he four sons are yet living. Angelo ^'ance is the eldest oi' this lainily, the others Iieiug Francis M., who is ik)w a retired mereliant lining in Tacoina; Philip Douglas; and .John Arthur.

Angelo A'ance Fawcett ae(|iiii'ed his early education in the common schools of Hewitt county, Illinois, having the privilege of attending thiough the three months" winter term, Avhile during the remainder of the year his attention was largely given to the work of the fields. When seventeen years of age lie entered the \Vesleyan University at Blooniington, Illinois, and there con- tinued his studies until after the outbreak of the ("i\ ii war. when he laid down his lexlliooks in order to shoulder a gun and go to the front. He ioiind the army in 18()4, at which time he became a member of C'omiKiny K, Seventh Illinois \'olunteer Infantiy. with which he continued until the close of hostilities. The com- ])any of which he was a member went into the battle of iMlon Pass, Oeorgia, with sixty men and came out with sixteen sur- vi\()is. Mr. I'awcett lieing among the wdiindcd. .Mtcr the close of the w;ir he followed various lines of eniplox iiicnt and at length he sold a young colt which his father Iiad given biin for the sum of one hundred and ten dollars. With this inoiuN- he went to .McLean county. Illinois, and began tiie task of learning telcg- ra|)hy, after which he followed the profession in the emi)loy of

338 HISTORY OF TACOMA

the Chicago & Alton Raih-oad Company and devoted six years to raih-oad service. He afterward l)ecanie a commercial traveler, rej^resenthig the Kingman Company of Peoria, Illinois, a firm engaged in the manufacture of wagons and farm implements. He started with a salary of sixty dollars per month, hut so suc- cessful and capahle was he that hefore the end of two and a half years he was receiving a salary of three hundred and fifty dollars per month and his expenses.

At length his attention was attracted to the northwest. His cousin, R. B. Forrest, a lawyer of Lincoln, Illinois, suggested that they go to Tacoma, the terminus of the Northern Pacific Railroad on the Puget Sound. 3Ir. Forrest was detained, so Mr. Fawcett made the trip alone, arriving in this city on the loth of August, 1883. His funds were then very limited but soon he 2)urchased consideral)le 2)ro})erty and embarked in the agri- cidtural implement and seed business. Dvu-ing the first year he sustained losses but in the second year was more fortunate and made considerable money. His store was located at Xo. 1310-12 Pacific avenue. It is characteristic of ]Mr. Fawcett that he attempted to aid all whom he could in any way assist. (Jn one occasion a new settler came to him. saying: "I need a j^low, Mr. Fawcett, and I don't know how I can get along without one, but I haven't a cent in the world, and don't know whether I can ever pay for it — but I do need it so badly." Mr. Fawcett's re])ly was: "You shall have a plow whetlier you ever pay for it oi' not." This was one of many such instances which characterized his business career during the twenty years of his connection with the agricultuial implement trade. Tie was joined by his lirother in the business and they became foremost merchants in their line in the northwest, establishing branch houses at Poi'tland, Oregon. and at Yakima and Bellingliam, Washington. They also con- ducted a branch house at Seattle for four years and the firm operated under the name of Fawcett Brothers, implement deal- ers, and also undei- the name of the Fawcett Wagon Companv at Tacoma. Their sales became very extensive and their shii)nients covered a wide territory, being sent to all points of the northwest. In fact tlieir business reached most gratifying proportions and placed them with the most successful merchants in this part of the country. At the present time Mr. Fawcett has no commercial connections and is practically retired from business.

It was in 18G9, in ^McLean county. Illinois, that Mr. Fawcett was united in marriage to Miss Harriett C. Thomas and to them

IllSroiO- Ol' TACO.MA =339

were born two children, l)iit one met a traj^ie deatli wliih at play when hut five years of a^e. The other is Harry I. Faweett, now (kpiity assessor ni' J'icree eounty. The uil'e and iiiotiier i)as.sed away in 1S74 and n IST.) Mr. Faweett married Miss Carrie C. Dodsoii. a nalivf (if C'hiea,i>i), Illinois. \iv wIkhii }\v had a son, All)ert I... now living' in Chiea<4<i. In IHH.'J Mr. Faweett wedded Carrie M. .MaGill. a native of Indiana, and tluy Iiad foui- ehil- dren, two sons and Iwo daughters, all liviiii;-: ^'anee M., of Taconia; Ethel X., the wife of Wilbur H. Tiiomas, of Tacoma; Edyar .1.. also of this eity: and Jessie K.. [\\v wilV of George Spuniei, nf San l-'raneiseo. On the l.'Jtli of l-'ebruary. I8!M), Mr. I'aweell was united in marriage to Miss Margaret J. Smilli, a native of (ietmanx. who eame to tlie Fnited States witli lier parents when five years of age. She is a daughter of C. I*, d. Smith, wlio h)eate(l in Taeonia in 18i)2. The family had |)re- '. iously lived in .Alilwaukee. Wiseonsin, but had been residents of Washington for twenty-three years. Six children have been born of this marriage: Clarence V.. Kthel II., Angelo Vei-non, Carl Philip. Tlieodore Biyan and >\'alt( r O. Mrs. Fawcrll jjos- sesses strongly donicstie traits, her interests ccntciing in her home, li'r love of her children being the |)redoniinant foi'ce in her life. Tin- wife and ehildren are all members of the Methodist chuicli. which Mr. Faweett attends. He has used every availal)le oppiirliiiiity to extend a hrlping li;iii(i where aid was needed. ^Vfter he was called In Ihe ofliee of eounl\' eommissioner he learned the large extent of suifering among the pooi-. to whom he gave Houi-. groceries and other supplies. i)ut not content with tliis. \\v entered u|ion bis chai-italile work in wbolesah' maniiei-. Two Christinas ibnners wcrt' given at llie old !•', \ pcisit ion Iniild- ing. w heie lie h;'(l tal)les I'or thirteen hundrtd with two sittings at eaeh. thus feeding over twenty-five bundled each Cbi'istmas. lie also sup])lied Christmas dinners at tlie (iermama ball. He is extremely modest concerning bis iieiielael ions and in I'ael nevei- s|)eaks of them hims( If. Mi-. Faweett belongs to the Fraternal Aid. to the Mac-cabees, to the Ffu'ted AVorkmeii and to the Tribe of Hen Hur. He was a charter member of Ihe old Chamber of Commerce at Tacoma but is not tiovv ideiilified with the organi/a- ti'in. In politics he was a demoei-al until the lime of IJoosevell's ascendency in political circles. Since that time he has voted with the rei)ublican party on national issues I)ut easts an independent local ballot. He filled the office of county conunissioner in 18!»t and IS'.t.') .and ifi IHliti v\as elected mayor for a two vears' term.

340 HISTORY OF TACOMA

He succeeded his successox- in office in 1910, serving through that and the succeeding year, and in l'J14 he was reelected for a third term, which will make him the incumbent in the office mitil 1918. In this connection one of his biographers said :

"Tlie city at the time of his first election was jjractically bank- rujit. The city council had been issuing scrip in the form of time checks in payment of its officials and employes. These were traded to the merchants for goods imtil they were loaded down with the papei, and were also sold to loan sharks at extortionate discount like forty to tifty cents on the dollar. It w'as such a situation of chaos out of which ]Mayor Fawcett bent his efforts and financial skill to produce order and health. His first move was to look about for resources. He found among other things that there had been laxity in collecting licenses, and that some relief might be obtained from this source. Finally, in short, the license business was brought up to date in all quarters, the arrears jDaid in and regular payments secured as they fell due. The salary expense was cut down, and other economies instituted in all possible directions. By sucli means, unremittingly a2)plied, abolishing warrants, collecting licenses, cutting wages to suit the general stringency as well as putting the Commercial Electric Light Com})any out of business, and taking over the business for the city, he assured solvency and prosperity. * * * Clear vision of the jniblic rights, courage to act as needs require and promptitude in action — these are the essentials to public i^rotec- tion against aggressive influence; and precisely these are the char- acteristics wliich have distinguished and rendered notable the administrations of A. V. Fa^^■cett, tliree times elected by an oAcr- whelming majority mayor of the city of Tacoma, Washington. The results of the three elections as to the extent of the number of votes cast, were fully shown in the daily newspapers, and popu- lar comment also took note of the fact that during the last primary campaign, ]Mr. Fawcett was conspicuousamong the can- didates by his absence from public meetings, and by his refusal to give account or be publicly questioned as to the views favored by him in the conduct of the mayor's office. He Avas content to point to his record in tlie past, and a multitude of leading busi- ness men, merchants, mechanics, as well as laborers, and a host of private citizens were satisfied with their knowledge and memory of the clear-sighted, honest and courageous course that had iden- tified him conspicuously with the city's jjrogress and the jji'omo- tion of its welfare."

IIlSroK^ or TACO.MA ^41

Words, however, are not neeessary to einpliasi/e the position which Mr. Fawcett hohls in tlie rejiard of his i'eUow tt)wiisiiien. This is evidenced in the majorities uliich have heen t»iven him at liis elections, and the iJiilihe leeords show thai his efforts have been tangible lactdis in the city's nplmildinu. in the pninidtidn (if mnnicipal greatness and in the suppoit ol' ail those measures which are a matter of civic virtue and of ei\ic pride.

iioKAc K .1. wiirrAc m:. m. n.

Dr. Horace .1. Wliitacre, who has heen enjj'aged in the active practice of medicine in Tacoma since .I.innaiv, 1012, was bom in Morrow. Ohio. ()ctol)er 10. 1801). a son of William T. Whit- acre, now deceased, and a iirandson of William Wliitacre. wiio was of Knj^iish descent. The fatlier was born in Ohio and became a very successful business man. During the greater part of liis life he was engaged in commercial pursuits at ^lorrow, Ohio. In ])olities he was a re])ublican. recognized as one of the active party leaders in his section of the state. He was called upon to fill various county offices, the duties of which he di — ch.arged with i)romi)tne.ss and fidelity, and he was also chosen to represent his district in the state legislatmr. In the course of tlie Civil war he was in the one hundred days' service and ])arti- cipated in a number of minor engagements. He died in Morrow, Ohio, in ]!)()!). at the age of seventy-three years. His wife jjassed away in 101 1, at the old home ])lace, when sixty-five years of age. .She bore the maiden name oi' Kebecca T.ownes and Avas a native of Ohio. Her fathei', .losiah Lownes, was of Knglish lineage, the family having been founded in Maryland at an early day. In the family of Mi-, anil Mrs. Wliitacre were six cliildren, all of whom are yet living.

Dr. AVhitacrc. the second in order of birlli. was educated in the ))nb]ic and high schools of Morrow, and in the State I^ni- versity at ('nlniiilins. Ohio, in which he won his liaelulor of Science degree with llic class of 1801. He then entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons, the medical department f)f Columbia University of Xcw York City, where his profes- sional degree was conferred in I80I-. .Vfter his graduation he served as inleriic in tlie Xcw '^'ork Hospital of X"ew York city for two years, devoting special attention to surgery. In 1806

342 HISTOKV OF TACOMA

he began practice in Cincinnati, Oliio, and in a comparatively short time had won a position among surgeons of the Ohio \"alley. He \\as a member of the Cincinnati Academy of INIedicine, of the Ohio State JNIedical Society, the Mississippi Valley JMedical Association and the Sontliern Surgical Society, and for five years he was professor of patliology and surgery in the University of Cincinnati. He lived in Cincinnati until 1912. By that time his surgical practice covered half a dozen states. Failing health prompted his removal to the northwest and lie chose Tacoma because of its pleasant situation as well as its high class of pro- fessional men. He soon regained his healtli and took up active work. He is a meml)er of the Pierce County, the Washington State, and the American Medical Associations, and the American College of Sm'geons.

Dr. Whitacre was married in Chicago to Miss Elizabeth Marsh, a native of Cincinnati and a daughter of George A. Marsh, and has two cliildren, Richard and Marjorie. He was made a ]Mason in Morrow, Ohio, and attained the third degree in the Blue lodge. He is a member of the Friends' clnu'ch. He belongs to tlie Clii Phi, a college fraternity, and he lias member- shij) in several clubs of Tacoma, including tlie University. Com- mercial, Rotary, Yacht and INIountaineers' Clubs. He is a lover of outdoor life and finds delight in running about the Sound in his power cruiser "Elizabetli iVnn" and accompanying the JMoun- taineers on their journeyings. Dr. AVhitacre's pronoimced views upon higli medical ethics and his professional skill have won for him the respect of Taconia's leading professional men.

JAMES A. HAYS.

James A. Hays, representing the New Yoi'k Life Insurance Companj' in Tacoma, is one of the most successful men in the insurance field in this city and has the distinction of belonging to the Two Hundred Thousand Dollar Club of tliat company, which is composed only of those agents who have personally writ- ten and paid for two hundred thousand dollars' worth of insur- ance during the preceding fiscal year.

Mr. Hays was born in Horicon, Wisconsin, on the 18th of September, 1870, and is a son of James B. Hays, a native of Pennsylvania. The father removed from Wisconsin to Boise,

IIISTOKV or TALUMA 343

Idalio, and at the time of liis dcatli, in 1888. when lie had reached the a<>e ol" lil'ty years, he was servinj^- as ehiel' justice ol' that territory. lie was married to Miss I'ermeUa E. lliil)hai'd, wiio was lioni ill .W\\ \ mk and is now ii\ iii!" in Caliloriiia at the ati'C ol" seventy-two years.

James A. Hays atteiukd the [Milijie schools of his native town and entered the hi^h school there, hut hel'ore he com])leted the course the family removeil to IJoise and he continued his t-diica- tion in ilie hi^h school of that city, l-'or one year he was a student in the I'niversity of ^Visconsin, hut following- the death of his father he returned to Idaho and engaged in the general insurance husiiiess. He remained in Hoise for twenty years, during which tiiiii' lie was acti\e in llic insurance Held and also in puiilic affairs. lie was for some lime special agent of the state land hoard of Idaho, served as deputy county clerk and in 188!) and 18!)0 was clerk of the courts in Alturas county. In 11)01 he entered the employ of the New ^'ork Life Insurance Company and in 100.) came to Tacoma, where he has since represented that concern. He is well known in liiisincss circles of the city and is conceded to he an authority upon all phases of life insurance.

Mr. Hays was married in l!t(i;{ to Miss T'lorence K. liaker, wild was lini-ii in M;idis(iii, \\'isc(iiisiii. Mr. Hays is a deniocrat in his piilitical allegiance and kee])s well informed upon all (jues- tions and issues hel'ore the puhlic. He is a meml)er of the Tacoma dry coninu'ttee and his religious faith is indicated hy the fact that he helongs to the Presl)yterian chinch, of which ]\v is an elder and whose- wdik he seeks to further in every way possihle. He is on the governing hoard of the civic hurcau of the Tacoma Commercial Cluh and has heen actively interested in the Tacoma Rose Society since its ince|)tion. J\v comes of a laiiiily which lias iieen represented in this (-1111111 r\- since cdloiiial days and hflongs to the Sons of the American Revolution and also to the Order of Colonial Wars. He owns his comfortahle and attract- ive home and also holds title to some unimproved residence |)ro|)tity in the imrtli end. Mis. I lays is a grachiate nl tlie I'nixersity of Wisconsin and is a iiicmiici- nf the cnlh-gc soroi'ity of (Jamiiia Phi Reta. and of the honorary scholastic riaternity, I'hi Rcta Kappa. She has served for five years on Social Ser\ ice hoard and is a tnislcc of tin- piililic lihrarv. a memher of the Tahoiiia t'liiii iif this city, and nf the ^'ourlg Woiiii-ii"s Christian Association, on the executive hoard of vvliich she is now .serving, and for the past three years has J)ecn president of the President's

344 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Council of Women's Organizations of Taconia. an honor which indicates her high standing in chib circles. Both Mr. and JNlrs. Hays are recognized among the representative and valued citi- zens of Tacoma.

REV. HARRY B. HEXDLEY.

Rev. Harry B. Hendley. Avho for twelve and a half years was ])astor of the Plymouth Congi-egational church of Tacoma, was not only a leader in church circles of the city but was also promi- nent in civic affairs and rendered unusually efficient service as a member of the school board. He was born in Cincinnati. Ohio, in IH55, and was a son of George W. Hendley, a native of Eng- land, whose father, George B. Hendley, left the Church of Eng- land and became a minister in a nonconformist church. For that reason his jiroiJerty was confiscated and pending the settlement of the estate the son, George W. 'Hendley, was educated by the court of chancery and was apprenticed to the hatter's and fur- rier's trade. When he was twenty-one years old the case was set- tled but the court had consumed all the property and the family home, Hendley Hall, passed into other hands. With two hun- dred dollars, all that was left of the extensive family fortrme, George W. Hendley emigrated to America and landed at Phil- adelphia fi'om the first steamship which evei" docked there. By wagon he traveled to Cincinnati, where for more than forty years he engaged in business as a hatter and furrier. It was in that city that he married Jane Brokenshire, also a native of England. At the time of the Civil war Mr. Hendley esjioused the cause of his adopted country and served for four years at the front, en- listing from Ohio. He Avas a republican in politics and was a JNIason. His death occurred in Cincinnati. To him and his wife were born nine children, of whom the following are living: Frank W., who is a prominent physician of Cincinnati and is also a well known member of the Masonic order; Charles, also of Cin- cinnati; and Florence Grace, likewise a resident of that city.

In the ac(pn'rement of his education the Rev. Harry B. Hend- leji' passed through consecutive grades in the public schools of Cincinnati until he became a student in the Flughes high school, of which he was a graduate. Later he spent several years in business Avith his father and subsequently removed to INIinneapo-

I!KV. IIAIMtV ]'.. IIKXDI.KY

IIISTOKV OF TACOMA 347

lis, whcif lie was also active in husiiicss. While in tiiat city he attendcii the Plyiin)utli Congregational church and, preparing for the work nf ])reaching the gospel, he first hecaiiii |)astor's assistant and alter serving in tliat capacity for ten years he was oidained to the ministry in 18!)H. At the time of the Spanish- American war he hecame a major of the Fourth Minnesota Hegi- meiit. wiiich was retained in .Minnesota on account of Indian outbreaks

On the evening of July ;{, 1 !)(>(). l{ev. Ilcndley reached Tn- coma and for a fe\\' months was employed as bookkeeper but in ]!)()1 resumed his pastoral woik as a minister of the Congrega- tioiial cliurcli at Steilacoom, where he rebuilt the ebuich. lie also erected the Fake View church and did much of the actual work on their construction with his own hands. In the fall of 100.'} he returned to Tacoma and became the ])astor of the Plym- outh Congregational ehui-ch. which had its inception as a mis- sion Sunday school. From that point he developed it until at the time f)f his death in inifl it had a mcmbcrshi]) of one hundred and fifty in the church with an attendance of two bundled and fifty in the Sunday school with one- of the liest Sunday school bm'ldings in the state. He held that pastorate continuously from ino;j until his demise and was the senior i)astor of the state in his own denomination. I iider his guidance the church made ra])id prf)grcss, the congregation growing in numbers and also gaining in spiritual strength. The chureli also prospered materially and in TOO!) the present house of worship was erected. All depart- ments of the work were thoroughly oiganized l)y Rev. Ilendlcy and the church was influential in accomplishing much good along the lines of moral ad\ aneciiK nt. He was particularly interested in \\(irk for the young people of the city, organized various boys' and girls" clubs at tlu' church which ])rovided wholesome enter- tainment and stimulated to activity along worth while lines, and he found great ])leasure in doing anything for the good of young men and wrtmcn. His summer camp at \oitb Ray was a ren- dezvous for young people. He was recognized as a veiy thorough Bible student and his prcaciiing was the jjositive gospel of sal- vation which spoke convincingly to all hearts. He held a warm place in the affections of his congregation and was highly re- spected by people of all faiths and creeds.

Following his death, which oceurrid on the iJ'id of Ai)ril, lOlf). .JauKs l{uri'ows, chairman of tlu- iioard of trustees of Plym- outh church, said: ■The loss ol' Rev. Mr. Ilcndley cannot be

Tol. n— 13

348 HISTORY OF TACOMA

expressed in Avords for the sorrow we all feel. His place cannot be filled. He was a man among men, a Bible student and a historian who ranked with any in this section, and cherished the love of all \\ho knew him. He was particularly loved by the children." Plis activity in religious work was not confined to that in his home city, for he served for more than ten years as treasurer of the Congi-egational Home ]Missionary Society of Washington and for more than twehe vears was reo'istra]- of the state conference. Througli these connections be became inti- mately acquainted with all of the ministers and manv of the prom- inent laymen of his denomination in the state, and his advice was often sought on questions of churcli policy.

The trustees of tlie Washington Congregational conference in session at Spokane, April 27. lOlG. ])assed the following memorial :

Oui- WL-lI-beloved l)rother — Rev. Harry B. Hendley — has re- sponded to the eternal call, "Come up higher," and the fuller life has received him. We recognize in our brother a citizen of fine quality, and a clu'istian of sterling worth. Always conscientious of his duty, he added to duty a passionate desire to extend tlie kingdom of God. His influence in tlie councils of the Congre- gational denomination was great. This brother was noble-souled and a simple-hearted disciple of the ]Master.

It was his recreation to be good and do good. He lived for the kingdom of God. People and ministers sought him for ad- vice, comfort and inspiration. He was positive, yet tolerant, a master of detail, yet never so al)sorbed in minute matters as to lose sight of gcTiei-al principles and larger aims. The amount of time, of energy which he gave to the concerns of the public made him a model of earnest citizenship.

As a Congregationalist, a member of this board and regis- trar of Washington Congregational Conference, he was alert, gracious, businesslike, spiritual and carried out most splendidly the scriptural injunction "Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might." His was a life of whole-hearted devotion to Christ and to His cause in the earth. His memory will live and last, and Kve again in the goodness he de]3osited.

(Signed) H. C. Mason, President of lioard of trustees of Washington conference.

In ^liimesota. on the 16th of June, 1896. Rev. Hendley was united in marriage to IMiss Clara Whitney, a native of that state, who was of great assistance to her husband in his work. For

iiisroin' oi' iwcoMA 349

forty years Rev. lUiulky was a loyal exemplar of Masonry and attained the Knights Templar de^^ree in the Vork Kite, lielonging to Ivanhoe Commandery. His politieal allegianee was given to the repnliiiean party. He was a memher of the ehartcr rexision edmiiiission. a ni(iiii)cr of (iu- ■'C'luimiiltee ol' Twche" and was aeti\e in \ari()us im[)rovemenl soeieties and represented the Sonth Knd Improvement Cluh in the Central Improvement League. In 1!)1.'} he was eleeted a memher of the sehool hoard of Taeoma. in ]'.)].'> was made president of that l)ody and early in 1910 was reeleeted to that imiJortant position. During his first term as a memher of tlie hoard the magnitieent Central scliool and the heautil'ul Lineoln high sehool were ereeted, withoul doubl two of (In- handsomest puhlie school stinctures on the I'aeifie coast. Dinicg the time tliat he was connicted witli tlic hoard great progress was made in educational interests in Taeoma and it is a well recognized fact that his services were of far-reaching effect and im])ortance. He had the entire confidence and the cordial support of tiie |)e<iple of tlie eit\- and stood at all times for the advancement ol' the schools. He was deeply interested in manual training and was instiumental in secni-ing its extension into the various scliools of the city. He was a keen business man as well as a minister of the gospel and while he labored for edu- cation and eultuic on account of tluii- ethical and moral \ahus, he also recognized the value of jjractical training and in his work as a meml)er of the school hoard manifested great practical abil- ity and administrative power as well as zeal and public spirit. In connection with his services to the schools of the city Director Klwcll H. Iloyt said: "I cannot find wdrds to e.x])ress what a loss this is not oidy to the school Ixianl as a body but to us each as meml)ers. * * * Ht\ . Ilendley's ideals and woi'k on the board were extraordinaiy. He was conservative, and yet in all matters was really the mainstay of the Ixiaid. His energy was an ins|)iration and his judgment in l)\isiness dealings was found to be of gieat help to us. * * * In a civic way Mr. Ilendley was of great service to Taeoma. He took an active interest in pniilie afl'airs here and altbongh in no manner a ])olitieian. kept informed on municipal matteivs and woi-ked energetically i'o' the betterment of the city." The feeling of loss which his death inspired throughout the city was cx])rcssed in the following edi- torial which a])])eareil in the T;ieoma Daily \ews: "Taeoma has lost a valuable citizen in the death of lUv. Hairy H. Hendley. .\s minister. l)usiness man and e<lneator he had filled important

350 HISTORY OF TACOMA

posts in Taeoma for a number of years. His toleration, genial- ity, i^atience and other manly qualities, surrounded him with a following of close friends and warm admirers, which many men fail to build up after a lifetime of trial. As a member of the school board he was jjrogressive, but careful. He stood for the ideals in education which Taeoma set up nearly forty years ago. Taconia always lias been forward in school affairs and ^Mr. Hend- ley's service to his city was in support of this spirit. He was a good fighter, but he was not unmindful of the opinions of his opjionents nor of their rights to be heard. He was a cleanly, ca})al)le man. always woi'king for a cleanly, progressive city, and Taconia needs more like him."

GEORGE WADSWORTH ROUNDS.

One of the most ini])ortant concerns of Taeoma and the northwest is the Taeoma Raihvay & Power Company. Its pros- l^erity is largely due to the hberal policy of its management, whose efforts have been ably seconded and its ideas faithfully administered by its general superintendent, George Wadsworth Rounds, who holds a similar position in connection with the Puget Sound Electric Railway, tlie interurban line between Taconia and Seattle, and tlie Pacific Traction Company. He has been identified with electric transportation interests for many years and is thoroughly acquainted with every phase of that business.

A native of ]\Iassachusetts. Mv. Rounds' birtli occurred at :\Ialden on the 13tli of February. 1868. His father, John Coe Rounds, was born in ]Maine, of English stock, and passed a\^'ay in Rockland, that state, in 1887. For many years he was a traveling salesman, representing a dry goods house of Boston. His wife, wlio bore the maiden name of Louisa Wadsworth, was a daughter of Peleg Wadswortli and a granddaughter of General Peleg Wadsworth, who was prominent in tlie history of ^Nlaine and gained fame in the Revolutionary war. The family is descended from JNIayfiower ancestry and representatives of the name were among tlie first settlers of ]Maine who removed to that state from ]Massacliusetts. ]Mrs. Louisa (Wadsworth) Rounds was also a first cousin of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, the well loved American poet. By her marriage she became the motlier of six children, of whom five survive.

mSI'OlO Ol" TACO.MA -lol

(ifor^v W. Koiiiids atlcM<k'(l tlu- pulilie schools of .Maldi-ii ill tlif ac(|uir(.iiRiit ol' his early tihicatioii and hitcr took a (.•oiirsc in electrical eii^iiieeriii<4- at the Massadiusctts Institute of Tech- noloi^y, from which iu- was |>ra(hiate(l uilli the class of 188!). 1 1< at once entered the employ of the Thomson-Houston Companx of Lynn, Massachusetts. hecomin,i>- coimecteil with their railway de])artment. .Viler spending some time as a student he eniia.ued in eiinsinict ion work I'or this company, rcmaiiiiny with it Inr ox ci' three years. His lirst practical work was Im- this campaiiy at Camhi-idLicjiort. Massachusetts, whei'e his duties were the upkeep of a portion of the electrical and mechanical eijuipment used hetween that cit\ and Boston. In the fall of 188!) he was trans- fci'rcd to Xasin illc. 'rcmii'sscc, and as.sisted in the tlcctrificatioii of the street railway there. At that time the F-.*l() motor, u liich supj)lies fifteen horse ])ower. and the I)-(>"J iicnerator. eit>hty horse jjower. were considered very heavy c(|ui])mcnl. After he had successfully completed the work to wliich he was assi<>'ncd in Xash\ illc he was transl'trrcd lo C'<iticoi'd. New Hampshire, ami superintended the conversion of a narrow •••auoe steam lailway into an electric railway. In the meantime the General Klecli'ie Company had taken over the Thomson-Houston Com])aiiy and the services of ^Ir. Rounds were retained liy liic (ieneral l-'.K'cti-ie Comjjany. Tn 18!)4and 18!).>he was superintendent of the Tnion Street IJaihvay of Dover. New Hampshire. His emi)loyment with this company was durin<4' one of the most severe winters e\i)eri- ene( d in \(\\ Hanij)shire and the experience gained in comhatiny the elements was of <ireat value in aftei- years. .After leavin<i' Dover he hecame associated witli a former classmate who was en<<a<>e(l in husiness as a manufacturer's ai>ent. handlini>' electrical supplies. Tn 1800 Mi. Itounds was employed hy Thomas F. Rohinson. of Dedham, INIas.saehusetts, as su])erintendent of Ihc AVest Roxl)ui-y iV Roslindale Sti'cet Raih^ay. then in process of construction. He I'cmained in eharne of this property for six years, during which time the eom|)any w;is ahsoi'hed hy the Old Colony Street Itailway Company, wiiicli was later merited into the Ray State Street Railway Company. In l!)()"i he accepted a posi- tion with Tucker, .Anthony & Company of Roston as manager of their interests in Ohio with headcpiarters at Canton, .\lter a .sen-ice with them for ahout three years, durin<r which time the system was almost ciim|)Ut(ly rcennstruetcd. includinii' a new ])ower house, car house and ears, he hecame associated, in !!)()."). with Stone iV W'ehster. his first work for them heiny- in the copper

352 HISTORY OF TACOMA

country on the upper peninsula of ]Miehi,<>an. Again he was confronted with the problem of operating cars (luring a severe winter and again he j^roved successful, keepuig the tracks clear of the heavy snow. In the fall of lOOG he was transferred to Terre Haute, Indiana, and subseciuently he went to Savannah, Georgia, as general supei'intendent of the Stone & ^^'ebste]• interests there.

In the fall of 1910 Mr. Rounds was transferred to the Pacific northwest, locating in Taconia. He has since remained here and is one of the foremost men in transportation circles of the Puget Sound coimtry. He is general superintendent of the Puget Sound Electric Railway, of the Tacoma Railway & Power Com- pany auvl of the Pacific Traction Company.

Mr. Rounds was married on the 8th of April. 1891, in INIalden, JMassachusetts. to Miss Nellie G. Hadley. a daughter of William K. Hadley. who was a shoe dealer of Boston. Two children have been born to this imion, namely: Edward Wadsworth, who is twenty-three years of age and who is attending the JNIassachusetts Institute of Technology; and Eleanor Hadley. twelve years of age, who is attending the public schools of Taconia.

INIr. Rounds is liberal in his political views, voting for the man rather than the partJ^ He keeps well informed as to the events of the day and the issues before the peoi)le. but has never sought office. He belongs to the First JNIethodist Episcopal church of Tacoma and has always giiided bis life by high ethical standards. He is a great lover of amateur athletics and finds nmch enjoy- ment in a good tennis, football or baseliall game. He is enthu- siastic in regard to the climate of Tacoma and also in regard to its i)ossibilities of development and can be counted upon to do all in his power to further the interests of his adopted city and state.

COLONEL WILLIAM ROSS.

Colonel William Ross was born in Monson. Massachusetts. April 27. 1792. and died in Pittsfield. Illinois, JNIay 31, 1873. He enlisted for service in the War of 1812 and participated in the battle of Sacketts Harbor. He was an ensign in the army when he removed to Pike county, Illinois, in 1820. at which time the county com]>rised all that part of the state extending from the mouth of the Illinois river to the far north, including the

IIISTOin' Ol" 'IWC'O.MA :«•><

jjreseiit siU- oi' C'liica<^(). and west tn the Mississij)])! rivc-r. Dur- ing' that year 1r- phitttd a town site and nanit-d it ^Vthis. lit- Imilt tlie first hrick residence tliere in 18"21, erected the first store hiiild- inf'' and also the first grist mill and a handsaw mill about the same time. lie raised and ground the first wheat and it was made into hiscuit. The first apples produced in that district were raised by him, and the first Masonic mei'ting was held in the l)rick residence in Atlas hcl'oiT incntinncci. Later the loduv disbanded and be- I'oi'c his death he .ua\c the L;a\(l, s(|iiaic ami cdiiipass [n Charles Lame, of Pittslield. lUinols. who piidr tn his licath gave them to MarccUns Hoss and lie in tmii ga\e liuiii to his son, Frank C Koss, who later bestowed these implements ol' the order upon the supreme lodge of Illinois. lie platted the town of Pittsfield, Illinois, to uhich he removed in 18.'}(J, and thei'e lie resided to the time of his death. In IH.'J'J Colonel Ross and his son Marcellus went on a visit to Massachnsetts and on returning to Illinois j)assed through .Mieliigan. having c-hartered a coach for four persons and thus driv ing I'nmi Delinit to the prisent site of the city 111' St. .Idscph. Michigan, 'riiciice they ci'ossed the lake >>\\ a small llat-lHittonied steamboat to Chicago, whii'h \\as then an Indian station, including Fort Diai'liorn and two small cabins. ])robabIy trading stoi'cs. while the |)o|)iilation consisteil of about fine hiiiidrcd I 'ot taw at tomic Indians.

Colonel Koss won his title in command of troops in the Black Hawk war. and by consent of the commanding general be ap- • pointed Aliraham Lincoln as one of his captains. Colonel Koss was a delegate to the convention at Decatur, Illinois, in 18()() which nominated GoveiTior Richard \'ates, the war governor of Illinois. A week later he was a delegate to the national conven- tion at Chicago which nominated Abr;diam Lincoln for the pi'csi- deticy. President Lincnln was an iiiluiiatc fMcnd of Culdncl Ross, often std|iping .'it liis linme. Just as (dldiul Hdss and his son Marcellus wei'e walking to the depot fdi' the pui'pose of taking the train to the Chicago convention they saw Mr. Lincoln coming in the same direction, satchel in hand, on his way to his home in Springfield. Colonel Ross waited until he came up and said: "Mr. Lincdiri. had ydu not better go up to Chicago and help ns nominate our next pi'csident :""" Mr. Lincoln answered: "My better judgment tells me I had better not." Colonel Ross was at Pittsfield at the time Lincoln and Douglas wci-e hohling their celebrated Joint drii.-ite on slavery, in which Lincnln made the UKindralile statement that a Imnse divided against itself cannot

354 HISTORY OF TACOMA

stand, nor can a coiuitry exist half slave and half free. On that occasion JMr. Lincoln was entertained at the home of Colonel Koss. At the close of the debate his danghter-in-hnv, ^Irs. ^Nlareellus Ross, told Mr. Lincoln that he woidd be defeated as United States senator only to fill the next presidential chair. She told some of her lady friends what she had said to Mr. Lincoln, and one of these, whose sympathies wei'e with the democratic part}^ rose in haste and shook lier hand at ]Mrs. Ross, exclaiming in no uncertain voice: "JNIrs. Ross, it is sacrilege for you to say it." She lived, however, to see her prediction verified and the name of Lincoln the most honored one in all the land.

MARCELLUS ROSS.

JNIarcellus Ross was the first white male child born in Pike county. Illinois, his natal day being November 11. 1824. He became a farmer of that state, but at the time of the Civil war the characteristic loyalty of the family was manifest and he ])ut aside all business and personal considerations to serve as a first lieu- tenant in the Ninety-ninth Illinois Infantry, with which he re- mained until his wounds rendered him incapable of further field duty, when he returned to his Illinois farm. In time he became the owner of a fruit farm in California, to which he removed in 1881, residing thereon until 1890. when he became a resident of Gig Harbor, Washington, where he continued until called to his final rest at the age of eighty-three j^ears. His wife, who bore the maiden name of ]Martha A. Kellogg, is now making her home Avith her son Frank at Gig Harbor at the age of eighty-six years. She has in her possession a daguerreotype of Abraham Lincoln, taken by Charles Obst in 18.)8. ISlr. and Mrs. Ross had a family of eight children: Mrs. Mattie Lewis, living at IMorgan Hill, California: Charles K., who was Idlled by falling from a train in Tacoma in 1883: Henry J., who died in 1911 ; Lillie and Willie, who passed away in childhood; Frank C; and two who died in infancy.

The mother. ]\Irs. Martha A. (Kellogg) Ross, was born in Pittsfield, Berkshire county, ^Massachusetts, June 17. 1830, a daughter of Charles and JNIartha Kellogg, of tliat place. The former was an English nobleman, the possessor of a coat of arms. He arrived in America prior to the Revolutionary war

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ITISTOH^' OF TACOMA 359

and settled at the loot of the Berkshire hills, near Pittsfield, 31a.ssaehusetts. In tlie maternal line ^Nlrs. Martha A. Ross traces her aneestry haek to John Knot, who owned six sailin<;- vessels, on one of which he i)ronght the tirst tea to America. Boston was tile headcjuarters for his sailing' vessels and it was at tiiat port that the first tea arrived. He invited his friends to come and dine with him and partake of the tea, telling his servants to have an iron kettle full of boiling water and when he was ready he would make it. \Vhen he went to the kitchen to jjrepare the beverage lu' lonnd that tin- Mivants had |)iit all (if the tea that he had brought over with him into the iron kettle at one time, turning it black and making it unilrinkable. It was Prudence Knot, daughter of John Knot, who married a Mr. Knowles and after his diatli she bccaiiic the wife of Daniel Foot, the father of Martha Foot, who married Charles Kellogg, of Pittsfield, ^Nlassa- ehusetts. and they in turn were tlie ])arcnts of Martha ^\. Kellogg, who became the wife of Marcelhis Koss. Mr. and .Mrs. Ross took a trip to Ala.ska on the steamer Ancon in August, 1889, and •were on that vessel when she was wrecked on the Island of Loring. ^Slrs. Itoss also went with her son, Frank C. Ross, overland as far south as the Tehuantepec Railroad. They bought the first roimd trip ticket to ]\Iexico City over the Oregon cV Wasbingtctn Rail- road. Mrs. Ross also attended the World's Fair in St. Louis in 1!»()4- with her son Frank and they afterward \ isited lur old home in I'ittsfield, Massachusetts. They spent some time at \iagara Falls and there they had their first automobile ride. They also went to Boston, Xew York, Philadel])hia and Washing-ton. On nuiiicrous occasions Mrs. l{oss accdiiipanicd \\vv son l""rank to .Mount Taciitiia.

CIIARLKS M. MFTZLFR.

Charles M. Mctzler has been very successful in the dcvelop- iiii lit of a large business as a hop grower and dealer and during till han'est .sea.son employs about two hundred and fifty persons. lie was born in Ohio on the !tth of July. lH(i!), of the marriage of .T. .S. and Fliza .Met/lcr, both natives of Peimsylvania. The fathei- was a farmer by occupation and ])assed away at the age of sixty-seven years. The mother died when her son Charles was but a small child.

:J6U HISTORY OF TACOMA

The education of Charles JNI. jMetzler was acquired in the pub- lic schools of the Buckeye state and of Kansas and the greater })art of his boyhood and youth was passed upon a farm. He has resided in Taconia since 1900 and for the past eight years has been identified with the hop industry, both as a grower and as a broker. He owns a ranch of fifty-three acres at JMcMillan, valued at twenty-five thousand dollars, and also leases three other ranches at Puyalluj). During the entire year he employs seven persons and in the hop picking season employs about two hun- dred and fifty. He understands thoroughly all of the factors that have to do with successful hop cultui-e and his careful study of the market and its relation to general business conditions has enabled him to gain a gratifying patronage as a broker. He owns some unimproved lots in Tacoma in addition to his com- fortable residence at Tenth and State streets and also holds property in Seattle and Portland.

INIr. ]Met'/ler was married in 1!)07 at A"ictoi-ia, British Colum- bia, to Miss Elizabeth ^'eniie, a native of Nebraska. He is iden- tified with Fairweather Lodge, No. 82. A. F. & A. M., and alsa belongs to the Red jNIen. His political endorsement is given to the rei)ublican party, whose candidates he supports by his ballot, and his religious faith is indicated by the fact that he attends the Methodist church. He has never regretted his removal to this city and at all times does everything within his power to promote its advancement.

HON DE WITT M. EVANS.

Hon. De Witt ]\I. Evans, justice of the peace of Tacoma precinct and police judge, was born at Milbank, South Dakota, May 30, 1882, and traces his ancestry back to Wales. His ^jater- nal grandfather, David Evans, was the foinider of the American branch of the family and originally settled in New York. He had several children who attained ])rominetR'e, including Miss Margaret Evans, dean of Carleton College for thirty years and vice president at one time of the National Women's Club. Her brother. Colonel David Evans, was a Civil war vetei'an and was director of the juint at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was a brother of William M. Evans, father of De Witt IVI. Evans. William INI. Evans was born in the state of New York and he

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and his hrotlier. Colonel David Isvans. wxir at the liead of tlie ref^iiiieiit that entered Hiehniond. X'iruinia, at tlie elose of llie C'i\il wa--. Colonel Isvaiis was slatid for a caliinel [)osition dur- ing;- I'lcsidcnt (iailicld^ adiiiinislration liiit his sudden death changed the plans. William .M . I\\ai)s on leaving Xew Vovk removed t(» the middle west and at the time of the Civil war heeame a lieutenant of the Sixth Minnesota Infantry, with whieli command he participated in many important l)attles, remaining at the front until mustered out at llu close of hostilities. He afterward heeame a jjioneer of South Dakota and .served as the first railway commissioner and treasurer of (irant eount\-. that state. He was veiy acti\-e in polities there and Ins inlliiciier was a jiiitciit faetdf in iiHi|(liiiu> puhlic ihoiiolit .•iiid aelinn. l-'or ahout ten yeais he resided near Milhaiik. lie is now living i-etii'cd in Taeoma. where he estahlished his home in 1888. Tie was a suc- cessl'ul huilder and contractor and lor several years served as .secretary of the Builders Exchange. In ei\ ie matters he was very active and his inlhicnee has always heen on the side of progi-ess and im])rovement. -

Ills political allegiance has ever heen given to the rc])ul)liean |)aily. \\l\ile his i-eligious faith is that of llu' Congregational ehnreli. He maintains pleasant relations with his old armv com- rades through his memhership in the (irand .\iniy of the He])uh- lic. His chief aeti\ities and his salient characteristics have always heen such as ha\e commanded the respect, confidence and good- will of all with w hom lie has come in contact. He married Emnia (ieil. who died in Taeoma in 1901. at the age of fifty-five yeais. They had a family of five children: Cwv V.. a noted singer liv- ing in llie state of Xew Vork: Helen S., a teacher in the high school of Taeoma: l)e Witt M.: IJewellyn, an electrical engineer residing in Taeoma: and Hnth. the wife of H. .M. Hamharter. a merchant of Minnesota.

I)c Witt M. I-'vans was a lad of six years at the time of the renio\al of tiie family from South Dakota to Taeoma, wheie he attended the graded and high schools. He afterward spent four yeai-s as a student in the I'nixersity of California and won the Bachelor of Laws degree upon gradu.illon with the class of 1!)().>. I.atei- he s])ent a year as a student in the I'nixersity of Wash- ington. \vhieh eonfen-ed upon liiiii the LL. B. degree in 11)00. He worked his way through school hy selling papers, hy doing grading on the country roads and working in thr lumlur eani|)s. He aftenvards took up the iJrofession of teaching, which he

:^62 HISTORY OF TACOMA

followed in the high school of Taconia for two years. He was the first faculty rejjresentative to take charge of athletics in the high school. He coached the football and baseball teams and directed other athletic sports antl he has a life membership in the high school stadium jiresented by the school board in appre- ciation of his services rendered to the Tacoma public schools. After graduating from the ^Vashington University he began l^ractice and later formed a partnersbi]) with A. B. Comfort under the firm style of Evans & Comfort. Subsequently they were joined by B. A. Crowl. This partnership was maintained until 1910, when he was elected to his present office as justice of the peace, being elected in 1912 and again in 1914'. so that he is now serving for the third term. In 1912 lie was one of oidy two candidates elected on the reiniblican ticket and in 1914 he ran five thousand votes ahead of his ticket, a fact which indicates not only his personal popularity but the absolute fidelity and capa- bility with which he discharges the duties of this position. He has always given his political allegiance to the republican party, being a most earnest believer in its i)rinciples as factors in good government.

On the 11th of September. 1909, in Seattle, Judge Evans was mai-ried to INIiss Florence Baptie, a native of North Dakota and a daughter of John Baptie, of Bathgate, North Dakota. Her l)rother is the world's champion skater and athlete, while her sister Elizabeth won the tennis chan)i)ii)nship of North Dakota. Judge and Mrs. Evans have three daughters: Doris, born in Tacoma, March 3. 1911: Florence Emily, born in Tacoma, Jamiary 30, 1913: and Rosa May, born in Tacoma, November 19, 1914. The family occupy an attractive home at No. 3222 North Twentieth street, which is the property of Judge Evans.

]\Irs. Evans is quite active in social circles and greatly delights in extending the hospitality of her home to her many friends. Judge Evans has an interesting military record as a member of company E of the Washington National Guard. He was one of the organizers and officers of old Troop B of the cadets, serving as first lieutenant. He had eight years' military training and experience and held the rank of majf)r in the University of California troops. He belongs to the Indei;)endent Order of Odd Fellows, to the National Union and to the Loyal Order of Moose. He was one of the organizers of the Lakeside Country Club, of which he served for several terms as the secretary, and

lllSTOin' Ol' TACO.MA 363

he belongs also to the Coiiiiiicreiaj Cliil). He is likewise associ- ated with tlie First C'oiij^iej'atioiiai eiiiiieli and in its teaehiii<rs are found tlie ■iuiding- ])rinci|)les of his hlV. Alon<i- strietlv pio- fessional hm-s hi- is cnnncctc-d with llic I'ieree C'omitx and the State Bar Associations, and lie has ever hi Id to iii<>ii standards in his nroft'ssion. In diflVivnt fratiinai oryani/ations wilii whii-ii he is identili(.d lie has heeii called to lill \ ariinis chairs and lie lias ever been interested in civic matters, indorsino- and sup- porting those movements and projects wiiiih i(i<il< to the l)cttcr- nient and l)enctit of tiic coiniiinnitv , seeking ever to upiidM tiic standards of citi/cnshi]).

.1. ]■. 1{I(I1AHI)S.

Among the prominent mi ii in raih'oad circles in the northwest is .1. !•". IJichards, sn|)crintendcnt of tlic coast (ii\isi<in of tiic Chicago. Milwaukee \ St. I'aui Hailway. the Tacoma Kastern Railroad, and tin- .Milwaukee 'I'erminal Railway. He has been connected with transportalinii interests since early manhood and Ins long experience, comliiiicd with his keen miiid anil liis cxcutive ahihty. splendidly (inaliiies him I'oi' iiis present important office. A native of Ohio, he "as born in Hillslioro on the Kith of Feb- ruary. 18(!(). a son of .1. V. and .Iiiditli Iv Richards, who removed to .Milwaukee in IS(;"J and in 1(S(;(; wiiit to Tomah, Wi.sconsin.

.1. 1'. Hicliards entered the |)nl)lic schools in that town and eontiniicd his education in tin- high sciiool. from wliicii lie was graduated in \H7'h He then took up tlie study of telegrai)hy mi(hM- tlic station agent of the Cliicago. Milwaukee iV: St. I'anI I\nilway and after six months liad |)rogressed so far in his chosen work that he secured a position as telegrapii operator foi- the Wisconsin Valley Raihoad. being stationed at \\'ansau, Wiscon- sin, for two years. He then went to 'I'omaii and held a similar position there in the niiiiloy cd' the .Milwaukee Railroad, which became a part of the Chicago. .Milwaukee \ St. I';iul system. Later he was made train dis|)atchc?- of what had formerly been the Wisconsin N'alliv Itailroad allhongh if had also become a ])art <d" the Chicago. Milwaukee iV .St. I'aiil. W'iiile serving as train dispatcher of that dixision he livi'd at .Milwaukee but in 188IJ was transferred to the La Crosse division, filling a similar position until 1HS7. From tliat year until 1H!)2 he was train

364 HISTOKV OF TACOMA

(li.s])a teller at Kansas City, Missouri, and at the end of tliat time was promoted to ehief train dispatelier of the Kansas City divi- sion, vvhieh position lie filled until 1902, when he was again promoted, being made train master of that division. In 1907 he beeame superintendent of the Koehelle iSc Southern division with headquarters at JMendota, Illinois, and in 1910 he was made superintendent of the ^Missouri division with headcpiarters at JMobridge, JNIissouri. He remained there until 1918, when he was transferred to Taconia, where he has since resided. He is sujierinteiideiit of the coast division of the Chicago, ^lilwaukee & St. I'aul Itailway, of the Tacoma Kastern Railroad and the Milwaukee Terminal llailw^ay. His career has been one of con- tinuous advancement which has been well deser\'ed as he is energetic, loyal to the interests of the road and thoroughly in- formed as to the railroad.

JNlr. Richards was married, in ^Seattle on the 'i-lth of April,v 1913, to Miss L. E. Harrhigton. His political allegiance is given to the re{)ublican i)arty and fraternally he is a Commandery Mason. He holds iiiembershi]) in the Commercial Club, and all of its plans and projects for the advancement of the city receive his heartiest support.

THOMAS W. IJTTI.E.

The automobile business has shown the same remarkable (leveloi)ment in Tacoma and the northwest as elsewhere in the country and among those who have j^hiyed a part of no small importance in this development in Tacoma is Thomas W. I^ittle, president of the Little k Kennedy Company, which is located at No. 739-4.5 Broadway. He has the agency for the Studebaker car and also does a general automobile supply and repair ])usi- ness. A native of Indiana, he was born in Lawrenceburg on the 28th of October, 187-5, a son of Rev. C. H. and I.ettie F. Little. The father was born in Madison, Indiana, in 18.51 and after attending the public schools entered Wabash College aj: Craw- fordsville, Indiana, and still later completed a theological course in the Lane Presbyterian Seminary at Cincinnati. Oliio. For many years he held charges in Illinois and Indiana but in 1901 came to Tacoma as pastor of the First Presbyterian church of this citv. He remained here until 190.5, when he accepted a call

IllSrom Ol TACO.MA 365

to llic First l'i(.sl)\ ttiiaii cliuicli of \;isli\ ilk-, Tennessee, of wliieli he still lias eliarjie.

'I'liDiiias W. l.ittU- was a stiidiiil in Hie st'iiodU <ir l)an\illr. Illinois, until sixteen years oi' age. wlicn 1r- i-nltrcd Waliasli C'olle<ie at t'raw l'(ii(k\ illc. Indiana, wiiieli lie atteiuKil I'm- two years, lie then went ti> the vicinity oi' Indianapolis, Indiana, where he operated a dairy for one \ear, after wliieh he disposed of his interests there and aeeepted a position as meehanie with the 1*. II. & F. M. l{oots Hlower Company, of C'onnersville, Indiana. He remained with that eoneeiii until 190.5, when he went to Lo<)'ans|)ort. Indiana, wheiv he worked as a meehanie in the shops of lln- I'anhandjc l{aili-n;id for a _\'ear. .\l llic end III' that time lie iciiKixcd In Mineral, Washington, and enhicd the iniploy of the .Mineral Creek .Mining Company as master meehanie, reinainin"^- with them for three and a half years, after whieli lie located in Taeoma and estahlished an antoinohile repair shop nnder the nanu' of the Avenue Auto Com})any at \os. 710-1'.^ I'aeifie avenue. In the sprin«>' of lOll the hiisiness had reaehed sneli proportions tliat it was ineorporated as tiie St. Helens (iai'aue and removed to Xos. {••J'i-lJf) St. Helens a\ennr. .\l that lime lie srcui'cd tin- ai^'eiiey for tlu' ( )\ crland and Cadillac ears, and in tlic fall nl' I'.M I !>. II. Kennedy was made .secretary and trcasnrer of the company, of which om- snhjeet Avas ])resi- dcnt. The hiisiness was eondiieted at that location until ..Vpril. I '.tit. ^vhen a removal was made to the ])resent quarters, Xos. 7'}!t-4.j Broadway, and the name was ehaniicd to the Cadillac .\iitomohile & Supply Comjiany, Imt is now known as the Little «.\: Kennedy Company. They now have the Studehaker a<^ency and sell many ears annually. They also do ;i lar<)e g-eiieral anto- iMiiliilc su|ipl\ ;iii(l repair hiisiiMss ;nid furnish cmployniciil to tliiih men. Mr. Little is |)resident of the company and <^ives the most careful attention to the management of its att'airs. His thorouyii knowledge oi' mechanics, comhlncd with his hiisiness insight and enterprise, making him nnnsnally successi'nl in tlial connection.

In Coimcisvillc. Indiana, on the fJtIi of June. 1000. Mr. Little w;is united in marriage to .Miss Mandc M. Hrowiie, hy whom he has a daughter. .lane 1""... who is thirteen years of age and is attending' tin laiiilic schools.

Mr. Lilllc is a i( piihlican in jxilitics and as a good citizen is loyal to his duties hiit has never sought ofhce. His religious faith is that of the Christian church, and fraternally he helongs to the

■iGQ HISTORY OF TACOMA

Klks and the jNIodeni \\'()udnieii. Through his membership iu the Commercial Club he keeps in touch with other progressive business men of the city and is in hearty sympathy with the plans of that organization to promote the commercial and industrial development of Tacoma and its vicinity.

ALEXANDER R. WATSOX.

Alexander R. Watson, who is successfully engaged in the real estate and timber business in Tacoma, is a native of Chicago, born in Februaiy, 1801. His father, Alexander R. Watson, Sr.. was born in Inverness, Scotland, in 1837. and obtained his educa- tion in the public schools. In his youth he learned the cabinet- maker's trade but after removing to the United States in 18.54 and settling in Chicago he became a Presbyterian minister and temperance lecturer, to which lines of work he devoted his time until 1861. In that year he went to California by way of the Isthmus and located in San Francisco, where he became the assistant editor of the Argonaut, a weekly newspaper then edited l)y Frank Pixley, in which capacity he continued until 18()9. when lie removed to Santa Barbara, that state. He continued his con- nection with journalism until his death in 1871, editing the Santa Barbara Press and writing for a number of periodicals, among which was the Argonaut for which he still wrote frequently. His wii'e bore the maiden name of Patience Swanton.

Alexander R. Watson, Jr., attended the jjublic schools in the acquirement of an education until he was fourteen years of age and then began his independent career, engaging in field work under the county surveyor of Santa Barl)ara comity. Later he was employed in the surveyor's office, where he remained until he was nineteen years of age, and then, realizing the need of moi'e thorough commercial training, he entered Heald's Business Col- lege, which he attended for nine months. At the en.;i of tliat time he entered the service of the Southern Pacific Railroad and aided in surveying their line out of Carlins. Utah. After remaining with that coriJoration for a year and a half he went to Elko. Xevada, and for two years filled the office of county surveyor. On the expiration of his term he came to Tacoma and was chief engineer for Elliott Brothers of San Francisco in the survey of a railroad line from the Hanaford Valley coal fields to the mouth

AI,i:XA\l»i:i{ l{. WATSON

TV.

TIISTOin' OF TACO^FA :^6«)

of tlie Sn(j(|ii;ilniic rixt-r. He spriit ;i \\-df in tli.il cuiiiKctidn and then rcturnt-d tn 'I'acunia wlicix' 1r' was ciuinty ami (lij)uty United States mineral surveyor and eii<>aged in tlu miural prae- tiee of ei\il en^iiieeriiii^ until 18SS. In that year he made and issued the first map showiu'^ the ownei'ship of property in Pierce county. -Mr. Watson had made this map for himself and his own business, hut there was sueh demand for it fVom real estate deal- ers and others that iumdrtds of copies wvw sold nwv the county. After this was completed he devoted three years to mining on the Siio(|uahnie river, whei-e he owned several claims. At IciiLitli he retuiiied to Tacoma and hecame associated with liis lirotln r, 1{. C Watson, in the real estate i)nsln(ss, in wiiicli Ik- has since remained acti\e. His lony residence in Tacoma has made him thoroughly familiar with conditions here and this general knowl- ed.Lfe is sui)pleii<.ented hy accurate information as to the ])articular j)roperly on the market, and he has neii'otiated many important realty transfers. He helonofs to hdth llu C'nmmt rcial C'lult and the (liamlier of Commiice and his ability is reco<>ni'/.ed hy all who come in contact with him.

Miv \\'atson \\as married in Santa I'arhaia, ("aliroriiia, on the 24th of .January, 18K4, to Miss h'lorcncc (Junlerman, li\ whom he lias two sons: Heniy '1'., wlui is manager of the Cali- fornia Ink Company of Los Angeles: and .Mcxandt r !{.. who is a marine engineer on the Atlantic coast.

Mr. Watson is a memherof the Klks and is an adherent of the i-epuhlican paity, as his study of ])olitical (juestions has convinced him that its policies are founded on sound princii)les of govern- ment. Ih has not only gained titiancial ind(|)(ndence hut he has also wdii tJK' friendship of many, for his salient charactt ristics are sneli as in\ai-ialily win respect and I'egard.

CLArni: .xioT^STrs young.

Claude- Augustus \'(iung, who is the pro|)rietor of a thor- oughly up-to-date electric store in Tacoma, conducted under the name of the Kk-ctric Constrnt-tiou Company, has heen conne(-t(-d with eK-ctri(-al work since a shoi'l time after leaving school and the concentration of his energies along on(- line has Ix-t-n .-m

370 HISTOKY OF TACOMA

important factor in his success. He was born on the 2d of September, 1873, in Eau Claire. AVisconsin, a son of Leonard Joseph and ]Mary Jane (Searls) Young. His education was ac(}uired in public and higji schools of Kau Claire and Hudson, Wisconsin, and Winona, ^Minnesota. After completing the second term of high school, he was employed as stockkeeper in a stationery store at Eau Claire and soon began to work for the Eau Claire Light and Power Company as oiler and gradually advanced to the position of foreman, in which capacity he served for about three years. After severing his connection with that concern he came west, arriving in Tacoma. the beautiful "city of destiny," on the 'i.^th of August, 1900. He secured a position as lineman in the employ of the city and not long afterward was appointed liglit inspector by Louis D. Campliell, one of the best mayors Tacoma has ever had. Following the change in atimin- istration, when George P. Wi'ight was elected mayor on the democratic ticket, jNIr. Young established himself in business with Valentine V. Eisenbies as a partner. They first located in a small room at the corner of Tenth and K streets and had just floor space enough for a barrel each of knolis and tubes and a coil of wire. As their business grew it became apparent that they Avould have to seek larger quarters and they took over tlie con- struction department of Davies Brothers, which was then the largest fixture and construction house in Tacoma. The increase in the volume of their trade again necessitated a removal to larger quarters and they located at Xo. 937 Commerce street, where they still remain. JNIr. Young ])inTbased the interest of ]\Ir. Eisenbies in the business and has since been sole proprietor and manager of the store, which carries a full line of the best electrical supplies on the market. The business is Isiiown as the Electi'ic Construction Company and is one of the leaders in this field in the northwest.

Mr. Young was married on the "i^th of June, 1897, at Eau Claire, Wisconsin, to Miss Florence Elizabeth De Lano. a daughter of Loring Gilbert and Silvia Cornelia De Lano. Her fatlier was one of the first forty-five men sworn into Com])any A, Fifty-second INIinnesota Volunteer Infantry, under command of Cajitain L. F. Hubbard, and in 1864 he reenlisted as a private when the regiment became a veteran organization. He remained at the front until the close of the war in 186.5 and partici])ated in twenty-eight battles. ]Mr. and !Mrs. Young have two daughters. JNIayme Cornelia and Pearl Arvilla.

HISTORY OF TACO.MA 371

Mr. ^'oiiiif^- has always been a standpat i-(.'])iil)licaii and lias taken an active interest in party work, lie lias gained reenoni- tion as a leader in state polities and was elected representative from the thirty-ninth district to the fourteenth session of the state legislature, which convened on the 11th of .lannary. 1!)!.'). and adjoui'ued on the lltli of the followinn- March, lie made an excellent record as a law maker, eareiully studying proposed legislation and supporting that which he thought heneficial to the state and opposing that which he deemed unwise. Frater- nally he is well known, hclonging to the Masonic lodge, chapter and corniiiandcry, to the Mystic Shrine and to the Eastern Star and licinii also identified with the Knights of the Maccahecs and with the Modern \\'(i(idiiicn. He takes a great deal of interest in the husiness advancement of his community and supports heartilv the jjlans of the Commercial C'luh. to which he helouirs, and w liicli is one of the most important factoi-s in the growth of tlu city. He is also connected with the Sons of Jove, an electrical orgaiii/ation. and witli the .Xutomohile ("Inh. Through his aggressiveness, sound judgment and thorough knowledge ol" his husiness he has gained a gratifying measure of ])rospcrity and is recognized as one of the reliable and successful husiness men of Taconia.

k]{m:st k. .Mrl{l^\^'.

In tile field of law ])racticc Kniest K. .Murray has won a ])osifion that many an older practitioner of the l)ar migiit well en\y. He is one of Tacoma's young lawyers. Iils hirtli lia\ iiig oceni'i'ed ;it Hoy. I'ieicc eoniily. \\';ishingtoii. .\o\ciiilier 10. 18!K). He re|)resents one of tiie old pioneer families of this part of the state, the name having long l)een closely interwoven with ])rogress and devclo])mcnt here. The Murray family came orig- inally from Scotland. Settlement was lii^l made in Nd\ a .Scotia, where occurre<i the birth of Henry Murray, the grandfather of Ernest K. ]\Iurray. Attracted by the discoverv of gold in Cali- fornia, he went to that state in IHV) by way of the Panama mute anil in the ye.ir IS.IO removed to Pierce county, Washington, where be inai-iied Catbei'ine Koss. who. in 1S.'{S. when six years of age. came to tlie Piiget Sound coimtiy in the party with Dr. McLouglilin. Henrv Murray turned bis attiiition to agi'i-

372 HISTORY OF TACOMA

cultural pursuits, preempting six hundred and forty acres of land which he con\'erted into an attractive farm and continued to cul- tivate for many years. He met all of the hardships and priva- tions which constitute experiences of pioneer life and aided in ])lanting the seeds of civilization and develojiment upon the western fi-ontier. In 1891 he removed to Tacoma, where he resided to the time of his death, which occurred in 1907, when he had reached the venerable age of eighty-six years. In his passing the community mourned the loss of one of its most worthy and valued ])ioneer citizens. He was active in politics and in civic aff'airs in early days and served as county conmiissioner when Steilaeoom was the coimty seat of Pierce county. He was also a chai-ter member of the first INIasonic lodge established at Steila- eoom.

His son. John L. Murray, was born in Pierce coimty and was educated in its public schools, spending his boyhood days in the usual environment of the farm lad. From early manhood he engaged in agricultural pursuits on his own account and also became a hotel pr()])rietor. having conducted the Stothart Hotel and later the Tourist Hotel in Tacoma. Becoming deejily inter- ested in the political situation and questions of the day he was always very active in politics and for a number of years served as county road commissioner. He wedded ]Marian ]Mitchell, a native of California, and a daughter of Thomas ^Mitchell, who left his home in ]Mississippi to become one of the early settlers of the Golden state. Mrs. jMurray survives and yet makes her home in Tacoma. She had two children but the older, Chester, is now deceased.

The younger, Ernest K. JNIurray, was educated in the i)ublic and high schools of Tacoma and in the University of Wash- ington, where he prepared for a professional career, completing a course in law with the class of 1913, at which time the LL. B. degree was conferred upon him. Immediately after his gradua- tion he entered upon the active jiractice of his profession and has since been continuously engaged therein, being now associated with Raymond J. McMillan.

Mr. INIurray is a republican who works earnestly and xmtir- ingly to ])romote party successes. He belongs to the Conmier- cial Club, to the University Club and to the Lochl)urn Golf Club, associations which indicate much of the nature of his interests and recreation. He also has membership in the Pierce County Bar Association and the Washington State Bar Association, and

HIS TO in Ol" TACOMA 373

he makes his hiw practice the chief interest in his life and has proven his ri<^lit to rank with the risinn' yonn^' niernhers of the profession in Taconia.

W ILIU U COLLINS KALEIGII.

Wilhnr Collins Italei^h, city (.iii'ineer of Taeonia. was lioin at Owen Sound. Ontario, .January 22, 1S8(), and was the thii'd in order of birth in a family of six children, of whom five arc vet living. Their iiarcnts are IIein\ .md h'di/.ahcth Ann (House) H;d(iL;li. .'iImi nalixcs ol' C';Miada and nnw rcsldciils of Taconia. The former was a son of Hmry l{alei<>h, a native of England, who became the founder of the American l)ranch of the family. Hem-y Kalei^h, Jr.. came to Taconia in lHi>l ami is still active in foll()win<)' his chosen vocation — that of carriage l)nildin>4'.

Wljliiir Ciillins Kalei<ili started oul in busintss lilV on bis own account at the aye of miietccn years, his fiist jxisition bein^ in the dispatcher's oHicc of the Northern I'acific Hallway Company. Jn !!)()() he cntei'cd the en<^ineer's de])artment and contimied with lln' Xortbcrn I'acilic in that (•(imicctidn unlil I'.tO.'J. He was afterward associated with IIk linn of -Stone ()v: Webster on the construction of their Klectron powti- plant and in 1!U).) and 19()(> was in Alaska, en.na^ed in the l)uildin^' of the railroad now hein^' constiuctt-d by the Lnitcd States '•overnnient on the oritjinal location. Aftei- his return to Taconia he was af>ain with the Xorthrrn I'acific and willi the Tacoina Kastern Kailroad, and in 1!M)7 ]\v entered the employ of the cily as assistant city engineer iiiidi r l-'rank L. Davis, now deceased. In IDO'.t lir was ap|)ointed to the position of city engineer, wbicb pusilion Ik lias now filled for .seven years, makinn' a most creditai)le record thi()ui>h the prompt and able maimer in which he (lischar<>cs his duties. He has become thoron.L>hly trained in this line of work thronyb |)rac- tical cxiKiHnci- and tichnical slud\ and lias ac(|uaint(d bimscli' Willi t\ cry phase (if ( nn-ineeriiiL;. bis skill and ability beint^' attested liy the lael lliat he has been admitted tu membersbip iii the iVmeri- can .Society of Civil l'"nti'ineers.

At Tacoma. on the l.llb n|' .Se|)lember, I!K)8. occuri'cd tin- mariiam' to Mr. Italeinb and Miss Imooin Cohlcnt/., a native of Arkansas and a (lau<iliter of .Mr. and Mrs. Iien,)amin Cohlcnt/. To them have been horn tbi'i'c childi'cn. as follows: Dorothv.

^74 HISTORY OF TACOMA

whose birth occurred July 0, 1909; Robert T., whose natal day was Ajiril 9, 1911; and Jean Kathryn, born January 20, 1914. AH are natives of Taconia. The family own and occupj' a pleasant residence at Xo. 220(j North Junett street.

The religious faith of the family is that of the Methodist church and ]Mr. Raleigh belongs also to the JNIasonic fraternity. He is a past master of Lebanon Lodge, has taken the degrees of the Scottish Rite up to and including the thirty-second and is a noble of the jMystic Shrine. His military service covers one term with Troop B of the Washington National Guard, of which he became a non-commissioned officer. He is identified with the Commercial Club and is in sympatliy with all of its plans and purposes for the upbuilding and development of the city. His business record has been marked by steady advancement and his success is attributable entirely to his own efforts. As the archi- tect of his fortunes he has builded wisely and well and now occu- pies a prominent position in engineering circles of the northwest.

WILLIAM H. HARRIS.

William H. Harris, second son of Orpha L. Wilson Harris and ^lartin Harris, was born in Alabama, January 14, 18.)3. He was given the triple name William Heniy Clay, but discon- tinued the use of the third name, "Clay," after he was grown. At an early age he went with his parents to Tennessee, A\here he attended the public schools and later taught school.

When in his early twenties he read law in Colonel Spear's office at Jaspei'. Tennessee. He practiced law for a short time in Jasper and in 1880 he moved to Pueblo, Colorado, where he practiced law until he contracted rheumatism. He was never trouliled with rheumatism after leaving Colorado. From Pueblo he went to San Francisco and would have located in San Fran- cisco had he not been robbed of all his money. Two men he met soon after arriving in San Francisco invited him to go with them to see the town. They tried to persuade him to go rowing, but he wouldn't go. so then they took him for a drive. They stole his money, several hundred dollars, and left him j)ractically penniless among strangers. The men Avere caught and when arrested offered to return his money if he would not prosecute them. He refused to let tlie men go free because the police, who

IIISTOKV OF TACOMA 375

at first rcfiisfd tn anx^t tin- inlilurs, liad lnM him of (hc^ uix-al nuiiihers of times those same men had hfcii an-cstcd lor robbery and liow they had alwayij esca^jeil proseeutioii Ity returning- the stolen inone}' to the victmis.

San Francisco was no place tor a man without money and the I'uget Sound country was reputed to be full of opportunities for youn^- men. So young Harris, liaving barely enough money left to b.jy a steerage ticket to I'uget Sound, departed lor the north and landed in Taconia early in 1882.

Innnediately aftei- arriving in Tacoma he applied for work and found it in Hanson's mill. As soon as he had saved a little money he opened a law oilice, and for a time in connection with his law practice cojulucted a real estate and insurance business. He continued the practice of law until his death and was consid- ered by the members of the bar to be an authority on land titles. It was a common occurrence for an old lawyer when asked l)y a new lawyer a puz/ling question al)out a troui)lesome title to Tacoma real estate to say, "Ask Harris, he can tell you."

On .June 1 l. 188.'}, he married Kli/abcth 31orton ^IcCarver, a daughter of tiie late (ieneral M. M. McCarver. Soon after his mai'riagc he took over the management oi' the MeC'arver family property.

He was generally spoken of as .Judge Harris. He acrpiired the title winch clung to him the rest of his life during the '80s while acting as justice of the peace. He was always intensely interested in the welfare of the city and took a prominent i)art in politics. He hrld tniiiHroiis pulilic ofKccs. He was elected a member of the school board and was for a time the president of the city council. He became well known while in the city council for his opposition to what is known as the "iight and water steal."

.Judge Ilariis was a charter member of the Chamber of C'ommei'ce. and al nm time withdrew his meiiilK rsliip because he felt that that organization was not being run for the l)encfit of the city but for the i)enefit of a few members. Later when things changed hf^ renewed his membership and kc])t it for the rest of his life, lie was a past master in tin- .Masonic lodge. i\t one time he was a stockholder in the Washington National Hank, the Chamber of Commerce liuilding, the Xorthwestern ls\ posi- tion Comjjany and numerous other- (•ntei-])rises.

.Judge Harris \\a> a dc\oled iinsbaiid and father and a dcxotit Christian. It was at (jnaint old St. Peter's church tlinl In- lii-st met his wife and altlnnmh in later \ears together witli his familv

i76 HISTORY OF TACOMA

he attended Trinitj- Episcopal church he retained his interest in St. Peter's church and was a nieniher of the vestry and' treasurer of St. Peters cliurch at the time of his death. In 1902 he built the home now occupied by his family and which is located on one of the most sightly corners on North Yakima avenue.

On Sunday evening, July 22, IDOG, he was taken suddenly ill while witnessing a slight operation being performed upon a stranger in the Kmergency Hospital. The physician had asked him to hold the jjatient's hand, so lie felt that he could not leave the room until the operation was completed. In trying to sup- ])ress an attack of nausea he ruptured his esophagus and his death occurred early the next morning, July "iSd. He was sur- vived by his wife and one daughter, ]Miss Julia Xaomi Harris, jiis onlv st)n. Clay M. Harris, having died in 1897.

ARTHUR GIL:MAX PRICHARD.

^Arthui' (rilman Prichard, vice president of the Fidelity Trust Company and tlnis a prominent figure in financial circles in Tacoma, was boin in Ciranville, Ohio, ]May 28, 1871. His grand- father there resided for many years, and Granville was also the l)iithplace of his father, Anthony Pinkerton Pricliard, who was a telegraph operator in the early days of Ohio and operated on the first telegraph line of the state. He married Louisa A. Leas, a daughter of Dr. Charles A. I^eas, a prominent surgeon of Balti- more, Maryland, and consul general to St. Petersburg under President Johnson.

Arthur G. Prichard attended the public schools of James- town, Xew York, and Tacoma. His early identification with financial interests of the city began when lie entered the employ of the Pacific National Bank of Tacoma on the 1.5th of January, 1887, in the capacity of messenger boy, and he was the first clerk in tliat institution. At the age of eighteen years he was made I'eceiving teller and on attaining his majority was promoted to the position of paying teller. ^Vhen twenty-six years of age he was made assistant cashier, which position he filled until March 1. 1902, when after fifteen years' faithful and valued service with that institution, he resigned to accept the cashierslii]) of the Fidelity Trust Company. In 1913 he was elected its vice i)resi- dent and is now active in its management, his well formulated

AKTHL'K (i. t'KICIlAKI)

IIIs^()|{^■ oi' I'AcoMA ^td

jil.iiis proving an elcniLiit in the continued growth and success of tilt- c()r[)orati(in. As 1r- has prospered in his \indertakings lie has heeonie ideiititied with other husiness puisuits, being now a kirge stockholder and president of tlie Glacier Fish Company, oper- ating in Taconia and Alaska. He is also an extensive holder of tide lands, and he owns an attractive city residence at No. 818 Vakinia avenue, North, and a country honie on (Iravellv lake, where he spends the suninier months.

On tin- .")th nf .)iiin\ I'.IOI, in 'I'aciniia. .Mr. I'rirhaid was uiiitfd in marriage to 31iss .Mai I it 1). IJakei-, a daughter ol' -Mr. and .Mrs. A. .M. Baker, and a sisUr dT John S. Jiaker. To this unicju have bieii horn two children, hut the son. John Ciilman, died at the age of six years. The daughter. Muriel, who was h(un December 17. 1!M).'{. and who is now t\\ei\e vears of age, is a student in Aimie \Vright Seminaiy. 'I'he family are mend)ers of Trim'ty Episcopal church, and .Mr. I'richard belongs to the Tnion Club, of which lie is ti-easurer: the Commercial Club; the ('hainl)er of Commeice. of which lie is a trustee and treasurer; and tile Taeoiiia Country and (iolf Chil). These associations indicate something of the natiiic and breadth of liis interests. Much of his life has ])een spent in this stati-. and his course has been marked by an orderly ])rogression which has brought him tn a place of promiiunee among Tacoma's financiers.

JOIIX HAKOLD IIVDK.

John Harold Hyde is the president of the Ilydc Ship Brake Comi)an\- nf' Tacoma. in which connection he has develo])ed and proiiKilcd a business fast lieeoming one of the most important industrial piddiiel i\c edneeriis of the imrt Invest . He was born at I'ort Huron. .Michigan. December 20. ISTO. and traces his ances- try in diriet line back to William Hyde, who came tn America in ]i\'.i'2 and became the I'ounder of the family in the new world and w ho was a representative of an old l^nglish familv connected with the nr)bilitv. (ieorge Hyde, father nf .Inlin H. Hvde. was liorn in \ew \'((rk and during the '.jOs removed to JMiehigan. casting in his lot witli the jiionccr settlers of that state. He was a mariner who lor years followerl the Cireat Lakes but in IHHi remoxcd tn the west, settling at Claike (•(niiitx. W'ashiiig- tnn. where he engaged extensively in tli( linnbcr Imsiness. He

380 HISTORY OF TACOMA

was a Civil war veteran, having served as a private of the Twenty- second 31ichigan Vohinteer Infantry during the long conflict between the north and the south. He was wounded at Somerset, Kentucky, his injuries causing him the loss of an arm. He belonged to Custer I'ost of the Grand Army of the Republic and greatly enjoyed meeting with his old army conu-ades. For sixteen years prior to his death he made liis home in Tacoma, where he followed the linnber business. In politics he was a republican and his religious faith was that of the 3Iethodist church. He married Sarah E,. Gillen, a native of Canada and a daughter of James Gillen. who was born in Ireland. ]Mr. anil 31rs. Hyde became the parents of three sons and a daughter: James W., a journalist residing at Fargo, North Dakota; John H.; Jesse D., who died in Tacoma in 1908: and Rose, the wife of John Rin-nett. living in Tacoma. The father passed away in Tacoma, JNIay 30, l!)r2, and is still survivetl by his widow, who yet makes her home in this city.

John Harold Hyde jjursued his education in the schools of ]Michigan and of Clarke county, Washington, to the age of seventeen years, when he sought employment at the printer's traile, to which he devoted two years. He next entered the lumber business on his own account aiul followed the business in all of its branches, doing timber cruising, mill work and forest work. He continued in the timl)er busniess for fifteen years and likewise devoted several years to prospecting and mining in Alaska but with no degree of financial success. Shortly after the never to be forgotten Titanic disaster "Sir. Hyde invented what is known as the Hyde ship brake. He had been studying upon the subject for years, and as the residt of his observations of shi])s and shipliuilding, he realized the need of a safety a]5pli- ance that would insure the quick stop of ships in storms and in collisions. His earnest thought, his careful investigation and his exiJeriments resulted in the ])roduction of the ship brake and also Hyde's bilge keel brake. He has ])repared an exhaustive article on the ship brake, which is to be read in November, 1916, before the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers in New York city. The automatic brake, which was his first invention, was first tested on a tugboat on Puget Sound, which was brouglit to a full stoj) within fifteen feet when traveling at a speed of eight miles per hour, and on March 20, 1915, a thor- ough test of this brake was made at the United States experi- mental model basin. The test was made on the model of a

IllSIOin' Ol' TAC O.MA 381

forty-two huii(ircd ton sliip. In tliis connection the Railway and Marine News says: "The model was rnn at varions speed ratios from five to t\\ent\'-one knots in the testing basin, and an an;d\^i^ of the report shows an increased resistance from the l)are hull of two hundred and loity per cent willi liie brakes placed amidships and two luindred and ninety per cent with the same amount of Itrake surface forward, and with all brakes for- ward and amidships five hundred and twenty-Hve per cent in- creased resistance. 'I'lie amount of brake surface in the forwaid ])art of the ship is two iiundied niid Imt y-lhrec M|ii;nx' feet, divided into a number of small l)rakes placed \\ In re tliev would receive the full force of the stream lines.

"A further analysis .shows that a ship of Icirty-two thousand tons, three hundred and fifty feet long, can be stopped within a distance of three hundred and thirty-Hve fict in fifteen seconds, when traveling at a speed of seventeen knots, with the combined application of the brakes and the propeller. This brake consists of steel plates fitted to the under body of the ship Hush with the sides, which are o])ened by the force of the water and controlled by the engines located at the deck and o])erated from the biidge or pilot bouse. .Means are provided for cushioning the brakes so that tliey will o|)(ii slowly, thus avoiding tlii' danger of breakage. The brakes are .started by a |)iston working through a stufting l)o.\ to a ])oint where the water will take hold to open tluiu. I'laiis of this brake have been submitted to some of our best marine iin ii ainj naval architects, who state that in their oj)im'oii the bi'ake is jjraetlcal, I)olli in lis cotisti'iiction and application, and will do the work claimed for it by the inventor.

"'I'he bilge keel brake was tested at the Ignited States model basin .\ugust 10. 1!)!.). Nearly all ocean steamers are now (■i|nip|)cd with a bilge steel fastened lo the iiiidci IhhIv of Hie shij) and iniiiiing fore and aft between the main keel and tlu' water line. 'I'liese keels are designed to bold a ship steady in a rough sea. In using the bilge keel as a l)rake it is divided into sections, each sectif)n being connected with shafting running fore and aft in a water-tiglil (•(ini|)atlm(nl inside llic jmld of Ibc ship. to which the sections of the i)ilge keel are connected by means of a c(tunter shafting and beveled gears controlled by machinery of)cratcd from the pilot house. The brakes are constructed so they will balance at right angles and are thus easy to operate and control, and cause an instant brake.

"The size of the brakes used in this test nn the model of a

382 HISTOKV OF TAC'OMA

forty-two huiuh-ecl ton ship was two by six feet. The bilge keels are usually of box construction and are made very strong to withstand severe storms at sea, and by using extra heavy shafting brakes of this size are sufficiently strong to withstand the water pressure when used as a brake.

"The main office of the Hyde Ship Brake Conipany is at Tacoma. \\'ashington. The conipany is now mahitaining an engineering office at AVashington, D. C, and during tiie jjast year has worked out and secured patents on a number of import- ant improvements on the ship brake, and it is expected that soon the brake will be installed on an ocean going liner and thoroughly tested for service in a rough sea. The test when made will he witnessed by rej^resentatives from the government departments, and l)y a ninnber of shipowners and naval architects ^\'ho are watching the development and jjrogress of the brake with interest."

On the 21st of June, 1910, in Seattle. ^Ir. Hyde was married to JNIiss Augusta Laiu'a Larson, a native of Illinois and a daugh- ter of Charles Larson. His political allegiance is given to the republican party, of which he is an earnest and active sui)porter. He holds membership with the Sons of the American Revolu- tion and with the Sons of the Revolution. He is likewise a member of the Commercial Club, whicli indicates his interest in community affairs and the welfare and upbuilding of his city. He is also known as a helpful member of tlie ^lethodist church, for he recognizes the trifold nature of man — physical, mental and moral — and realizes that there can be no well lounded de- velopment which neglects any one of these.

MEYER JACOB.

]Meyer Jacol) would be entitled to recognition as a leading citizen of Tacoma if he had done no more than build up the important business enterprises of which he is at the head, but he has accomplished much more. es])ecially along the line of organ- ized charity and social service. He was born in Schalbach, l^or- raine. on the ith of January, 1872. a son of Alexander Jacob, who was also born in that country and died in 1891. when eighty- six years of age. He was engaged in the dry goods business, in which he met with a cratifving measure of success. His Avife,

IIISTOUV Ol' TACOMA 383

ulio bore tlu- iiiaidtii name of Pauline- \Vonnser, was horn in Coloj^iR- and diid in 18«'.(. when lil'ty-l'onr ycai's (jT age.

Ilfi' hrotlK-i-, -Mii'liacl Wormser. eniigrated to tlu* I'nilrd Stat(-■^ and lucainr onu id' the iminrtr nimtrs and agrirnltnrists of ^Vri/ona. .Vftcr losing several t'ortuiies tlnougli mining ven- tures in the San Franeisco mountains near I'leseott, thai state, he went to Phoenix in ^Vugust, 187"i, aniving there with only enougii money to l)uy his ijreakfast. He was not afraid of liaid work and helieved that some of the land in that section of the state could l)e made to ])ro(luee cro])s without the use of irrigation if its cultivation was intensive enough. He was one ol' the lirst men to exju liintiit in dry farming in the Salt Kiver valley and was Miccissfnl to a cdnslderahle extent and rnniid this enterprise very jjroHtaide as he secured extremely higii prices for his produce from the miners in that locality. He invested his money in additional land and at one time owned more than six thousand acres lying between Phoenix and 'remj)e. This land was in the Salt River valley hut as the water supply is helow the surface there it was necessary to pump the watei- for irrigation. At length he became convinct-d that he enuld secure a far greater profit from his land il' he had a better iirigation system and accordingly constructed a canal nim miles long wliicli dixti'ted water from the head of the river for iriigalion ])urposes, two thousand miner's inches being ai)i)ro])riated for that end. He was also one of the moving spirits in securing in IHSS the construction of the Tempe irrigating canal, \\liicli snp])lies water to fifty thousand acres in the Salt River valley. i\n English syndicate took an oj)tion on a large tract of land which he owned and which they l)elieve(l to be suitai)le foi- laising canaigre, a root from which extract is obtained that is used in tanning leather in Kurope. Mr. Wurmser ])lanned to .sell this land for about a ball million dollars and then to return to Euro])e and spend the remainder of his years in ease and comfort, lint he was taken ill in 1 !>()() and after a .short time passed to the great beyond with- out realizing his dream. Oni- subject and C'hailes (ioldnian. ol' Phoenix were appointed administrators of his estate.

Meyer .Tacob received his early education in the comtimn schools iif Pfal/bnrg, Lorraine, and also attended a college in that place. .M'tcr linisliing his sciioolirig lie cmigi'ated to the Ignited States and loeati'd at Oakland. C'alii'ornia. \\luie he ?Tmained for about two years. During that lime he was employed as a clerk in a shoe store and utilized his opportunities for learn-

384 HISTORY OF TACOMA

iiig the business to such good jiurpose that on leaving that city and going to San Francisco he secured a position as manager of tive shoe stores owned by C. W. Mack and located in San Francisco, Stockton and Oakland. After remaining in that connection for about a year he engaged in the shoe business on his own account in San Diego but two years later, in 1889, he decided to try his fortime in Tacoma and bought out his brother, who owned a shoe store here. For eighteen years ]Mr. Jacob of this review con- ducted business at the same location and the importance of his business interests increased steadily with the growth of the city. In 1910 he purchased the interest of David Gross in the Lou Johnson Company and the company has continued at the old location. He is president f)f the I.,ou Johnson Company, which owns one of the finest ladies' ready to wear stores west of Chicago and which caters to the liest trade in the northwest. The territory from which they draw their jjatronage extends noi-th to Alaska, south to Portland and east to eastern Washington, Montana and Idaho. About fort}^ people are employed by them and tlie annual business of the company has now reached a large figiu'c. The success of the comj^any is attributable to its strict integrity, the high quality of goods carried and the uniform covu'tesy extended to customers. JNIr. Jacob lias had a large voice in the manage- ment of the affairs of the concern and is recognized as a business man of more than usual foresight, acumen and enterprise. In 1918 he represented David (xross in the transactions which i"esulted in the sale of the building occupied by the I^ou Johnson Company to 1\. E. Anderson for one hundred and fifteen thou- sand dollars hi cash.

Following the death of his uncle. Mr. Woi'mser. ^Ir. Jacob was appointed one of the administrators of the estate and spent two years in Arizona looking after tlie l)usiiiess of the estate but foimd that the climate did not agree with him and at the end of that time returned to Tacoma. Before leaving, however, he sold six thousand acres belonging to the estate of Adolphus C. Bart- lett, of Hibbard, Spencer, Barlett & Company of Chicago, the purchase price being a quarter of a million cash and the trans- action being the largest ever made in Arizona. ]Mr. Bartlett, in connection with his son-in-law, Dwight Heard, is develoj[)ing that tract, devoting part of it to the raising of stock and part to the production of sugar cane, to Avhich it is unusually well adapted, the cane raised being the finest grown in the United States. ]Mr. Jacob also sold two mines owned bv the estate, which still holds

HISTORY Ul TACO.MA 385

title to tlif Hi<i' liii^" mine near Presentt, as well as valuable property in I'lioeiiix.

In ]8i»8 iiecnntd tin- inarriag'e of M r. .Jacoii anil M iss .hiiiiie K. ^larks. wlm ^\a^ Imhii in Stoekton, California. Her father, Moses ^larks, was one of the "IDers of California and won a fortnne as a dealer in <jfrain and real estate. I le aecpiired a yreat deal of business ])ro])erty in Stoekton when it was hnt a village ;iii(l realized eimiiiious profits on his inx'estiiienl in time, as tlie jji'operty heeanie very valuable. He was one of the pioneer f>rain dealers of California and built a nunilicr of warehouses for the storage of grain, handling the greater ])art of tlie wlirat raised throughout the San Joaquin valley at a time when the wheat growing iiuhislry was at its luiglit there. He died in 1902 aixl was sueeeeded in business by his sons, Monroe and Fillmore Marks. Mr and Mrs. Jaeob have two ehildren. Maigaret Mathildi'. and Clenienee Leone, both nati\(s of Taeoma.

.Mr. .Jaeoli has gained eonsidt'ralile proiiiiiieiiee in INIasonic circles, belonging to Leiianon Lodge, \o. 104, A. F. & A. ^L; Taeoma Chajjter. Xo. 4, R. A. M.: Taeoma Council, Xo. 1, R. tV S. M., of which he is ])ast thrice illustrious master: Taeoma Lodge of Perfection; Taeoma Consi.story ; Afifi Temple, A. A. (). \. M. .S., which he represented as a delegate to the imixrial coimcil in 1!»()2: and Fern Chapter, O. E. S. He is also con- nected with the Taeoma I.,odge of the Independent Order of B'nai R'rith: is secretary of Tem])le Hetli Israel; is a director ill tile Xatidiial .Iiwisli Hospital for C(insum|)tives at Denver; a director of the Hebrew Jewi.sh Immigrants' Aid Association; l)resident of the First Hebrew Renevolent Society of Taeoma: a director of the .State Anti-Tiilierciilosis League of Washington; and a trustee of t!ie .\ssociated Charities of Taeoma, these asso- eiatidiis iiidie.iliiiL; tiie bi'cadth of his interests and tlie important ])art which he plays in movements which are seeking to advance the cause of social justice, to aid those who because of the ])ressin-e of unfavorable conditions are in need and to check the spriad of preventable di.sea.ses. As has been indicated, he is of the Jewish faith, Init his sympathies are not confined to those of his race and belief but extend to men of all creeds and all national stocks, and his efVorts have been an imixirtaiit factor in I'nrtlur- iiiy- faisighted and intelligent ])hilanthr(i|)ic mo\cmeiits in l!ie city. In |)olitics he is ;i repnblicin Imt has never been an office seeker, his extensive interests ])rcchiding his active partici|)ation in ])ublic affairs. He holds membership in the Commercial Club

386 HISTORY OF TACO.MA

and is always willing to give of his time and thought to the siip- jjort of projects seeking to promote the husiness and industrial development of the city.

HARRY B. HEWITT.

Harry B. Hewitt, president of the Hewitt Logging Com- pany, has for fifteen years heen identified with the logging and lumher husiness of the northwest. He was horn JNIarch 11, 1874, in Xeenah, Wisconsin, a son of AVilliam P. and ]Mary (Brewer) Hewitt, who were natives of Wisconsin and Vermont respectively, the latter being a rej)resentative of an old Vermont family of Dutch descent. The father, who was a banker and manufacturer, died in iNIenasha, AVisconsin, at the age of fifty- six years. His Avidow became the wife of George A. Whiting and is now living in Xeenah, Wisconsin.

Harry B. Hewitt was the eldest of four children, three sons and a daughter, born to his parents. He passed through con- secutive grades in the public schools of Neenah and of Menasha, Wisconsin, and when he had completed his high school course he continued his education in the University of Wisconsin and in Harvard University, being grailuated from the latter institution with the class of 1899, at which time the S. B. degree was con- ferred upon him. During Aacation periods he was emploj'ed in the Bank of jNIenasha for two years and thus became acquainted with various phases of the banking business. In the spring of 1900 he arrived in Tacoma and was first associated with the Fidelity Trust Company for a year. He then removed to Grays Harbor and became interested in the logging and lumber busi- ness. He established the Hewitt Logging Com])any. a corpora- tion of which he is the president, and he is also a stockholder in the Northwestern Lumber Company. His business interests have become large and important and he is now a well known represen- tative of the lumber trade in the northwest.

In his political views jNIr. Hewitt has always been a reinibli- can and is i-ecognized as one of the party leaders of Tacoma and the state. He served for two terms as a member of the house of representatives in the general assembly and for one term as a member of the state senate and has always given the most care- ful consideration to imiiortant public problems, casting the

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HISTORY Ol' TALU.MA 389

wci^lit of liis iiitliiciicc on the side of yood noveniiiient. Fra- ternally he is conneeled with the Elks, the Taconia Country and Golf Cliih, the I'nion Chili and the University Cluh and finds j)leasant as.s(H'iati(iii in the nienihership of those organizations. His geniality, his eordiality, his gooilwill and the many salient traits of his eharaeter have won for him jxipiilaritv in his eon- stantly increasing cirele of friends.

J\ 1). OAKLEV.

F. D. Oakley, who is successfully engaged in the practice of law in Tacoma. where he has resided since 1!)()4.. was horn in Chicago. Illinois, on the 2.>th of A])ril, 1870. He received his education in the ])ui)lic schools, the Xorthwestern University and the University of Michigan. In I'.to-J lie was admitted to the har in Illinois and jiracticed law in Chicago. In 1904 he decided that the northwest offered greater opportunities and came to Tacoma, where he has since made his home. He gives his jjoliti- cal allegiance to the repuhlican party and takes a keen interest in the events and issues of the dav.

()H1{KLL() C HE.STKRFIEEI) ^VTHTXE\^

Orrello Chesterfield Whitney. ])rinci])al of the Bryant school of Tacoma, was horn in Wood county, Ohio. December 21). 1870. His father, Ezra A. Whitney, likewise a native of the IJuckeye state, represented an old family of Niagara Falls. Xew York, of English descent, the founder of the family having come to iVmerica among the first of the English colonists who followed the Mayflower. 7<>/ra A. Whitney was for many years a farmer. He became a resident of Pierce county, AVashington, in 1800 and died in Puyalhip when seventy-five years of age. His religious faith was that of the Methodist church and his ])olitical belief that of the re])ublican i)arty. He was a veteran of the Civil \\;ir. Iia\ ing sei-vid foi- al)out two years as a private of the One Hundred and Seventy-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Mary E. Decker, was a native of Ohio and a representative of an old Xew .Terscv family

Vol. n— 25

yyo HISTORY OF TACOMA

of English lineage. She died August 27, 1906, in Koehester, ^Minnesota, when sixty years of age, and her remains were in- terred in Taconia. In the family were three children, A. D., Nettie M. and Orrello C, all residents of Taconia.

The last named was educated in the iJublic schools of Ohio and in the Puget Sound University, from which he was gradu- ated with the E. L. degree in 189(). In the meantime, however, he had taught school in Ohio, in Kansas and in Pierce county, Washington. He later did work in education in the State University of California at Berkeley. He became principal of the JMajjlewood school in Puyallup in 1891, occupyhig that posi- tion for three years. He was afterward principal of tiie high school at Puyallup for a year and for twenty-one years has been connected with the schools of Tacoma, having for two decades been principal of the Bryant school. He is regarded as one of the ablest educators of the northwest connected with the public school system and his efforts have been a potent element in advancing standards and in producing valuable results in con- nection with the schools of the city.

On the 22nd of June, 1911, ]Mr. ^N'hitnev was married in Tacoma to IMiss Lois Todd, a native of Iowa, and a daughter of John W. and ^Minerva (Payne) Todd. They own and occupy a pleasant home at Xo. 818 Xoilh Adams street. Politically ]Mr. Whitney is a republican and fraternally is connected with the Odd Fellows. He l)elongs also to the Commercial Club and stands for the progress that the club endeavors to promote in the advancement of civic and commercial interests in Tacoma. He is a member of the First Congregational church, in the work of which he is deeply interested, lieing now one of the teachers of the Sunday school and actively connected as well with the missionary department of tlie church. He has figured very prominently in musical circles of the city, being manager froni 1897 to 1900 of the Tacoma Festival Chorus, a very successful organization numbering two hundred and fifty members. He was also connected with the Orpheus Club as a member and has contributed not a little toward the advancement of musical taste in this city. His wife, too, is equally well known in mvisical circles and for three years previous to their marriage was dean of music in the University of Puget Sound. Indeed she is a musician of marked ability and high rank. She was graduated from Simpson College at Indianola. Iowa, in 1899, with the degree of B. S., and afterward took up educational work in the

IllSTOUV Ol TACU.MA 391

west as ail iiistructor in music. Slie now plays the pipe organ in the First C'(inj>regational churcli. Mr. W'liitney has been very active in poHtieal and civic ail'airs antl stands for all those things whicli work lor civic righteousness, improvement and re- form. He and his wile arc ccjually earnest in charitable and religious work. Though his interests arc many and cover a broad scope he never neglects in tiie slightest degree his profes- sional duties and along that line he has continuously advanced t<i\\ar(l hiyh ideals. He is the present secretary of the U'ashing- ton Educational Association, wliich i)osition he has occupied for the past thirteen years, during which time he has been largely instrumental in building up the membership of the organization from three hundred to forty-five hundred. He has also been active as a member of the National Educational Association since 1898 and was the state manager or ofhcer for four years. He has ever been an advocate of modern vocational training and has done much to introduce the system into the schools of Tacoina. As one itads between the lines it is easy to ascertain that his life has been of great benefit and value to his fellowmen, his influence always being on the side of progress. He has never been con- tent to choose the second best, but holding to high ideals has made his \\(iik a ilyiianiic luree in ac(ntiii)lisliing residts which iia\e been factors ill an adxaiiciiig ei\ ili/.ation.

GKOIUIK \V. miH).

Genesis xii:l. Xnw tlie Loiii said unto AI)i-am. Get thee out of thy country and from tliy kindred, and from thy father's house, iiitii a kind which I w ill show thee:

(ienesis xvii:8. .\iiil I will give unto tlue. and to thy seed after thee, the land wlinein thou art a sliaiigir, all tlic land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession.

When Adam liyrd decided to come west w ilh his houseliold, his main possession w;is bis handicraft, for he was a millwright and was ecjuippcd with a fair education. He was born in Ohio in ITOf!. He moved his family to Jo Daviess county, [llinois. where George \V. liyrd was born March 7. 1843, the youngest sdii in a family of nine children. Adam liyrd moved his family to l{iehland county, \Visconsin. where he Iniilt and operated a grist mil! until 18.")'2. Tn A])ril the voice of the west called him

392 HISTORY OF TACOMxV

and he started with his household in ox teams via the Oregon Trail for the Paget Sound country, arri^•ing in ^^ancouver, Ore- gon territory, six montlis later. Leaving his family, Adam Eyrd l^roceeded to the Somid in comi^any with Lieutenant A. Slaugh- ter and selected a mill site at the head of Chambers creek on Byrd's lake. Delayed at Vancouver by the sickness and death of Lucinda A. Byrd, wife of Andrew Byrd, the family followed north in the spring — February, 18.53. They stopped at Judge Thomas Chamber's mill near the mouth, of Chambei-'s creek, where Adam Byrd died two months later, April 20, 18.53. His wife siu-vived him vmtil 1877. He was I)uried in a yrove of oaks chosen bj' him at the approach of death, and it became later JMarion Byrd's jilace. The spot was used as the burial ground of the early settlers of that section. Andrew and jNlarion Byrd, older l)rothers of George Byrd, took donation claims on the site selected by their father and built a dam and sawmill. Preston Byrd was connected with this enterprise and Lieutenant A. Slaughter held an interest. In 18.57 Andrew and Preston Byrd built and operated a gristmill near the sawmill. Preston went to Wisconsin and married Annie Alexander and returned with ]Mark and Catherine, his older brother and only sister, via the Isthmus of Panama in 18(50.

After his father's death, George Byrd, then ten years old, with his mother and two brothers, Wilham and Preston, made his home with Andrew Byrd and attended the tirst session of school in Pierce county at Steilacoom in 18.54. He later attended at the Byrd schoolhouse. In 1861 George Byrd, with Bobert Parker, visited the Caribou mining district in British Columbia. After the death of Andrew Byrd, January. 18G3, George Byrd assumed the sujiport of his mother.

In 186.5 George Byrd was married to ]NJiss ]Mary Ellen White, of Olymjiia. She was born November 22, 1846, and crossed the plains over the Oregon Trail in 18.51. Her father, William Xathan ^Vhite. was killed by the Indians March 2, 18.56, on Chamber's prairie while returning from chui'ch Easter Sunday.

Mr. and ]Mrs. George Byrd lived at the dam where ^Ir. Byrd operated his sawmill until 1868, when he preempted one hmidred and sixty acres and liegan its occu])ation after sawing the lumber to build his house. After a few months he left the claim temporarily and took his family to Olympia. In 1871 he served as Indian agent on the Quinault Reservation. He took a homestead of eighty acres in the western section of the

IIISTOKV OF r.UOMA '^93

present site of Tacoiiia lyinj^' l)ct\veeii Soutli Union avenue and Laurence street and lltli and IDtli streets and lived tliere for a time, luiildin^ t«'o houses dnriii^ liis stay. In 187-> lie returned to live permanently on his preemjjtion elaim, wlueli he developed and devoted t<i tile hop raising industry I'or twelve years. Mr. liyrd was a <ireat student of the elassies and <j;ave nnieh time to the study of law. He aeted as eommissioner of Pieree eounty for two terms and represented his distriet in the state le<<islature in 18S.). He served as justice of tJK' peace in IS'.X). He spent a year in traveling in the southern pait <tl' the United States and Mexico, stu(lyin,<>' thr eonntry and tlk- pinplr.

Mr. and .Mis. Hyrd had a family of nine children: William Andrew, wlio d'wd at I'ern Hill in 1S7<>. aj^ed nine year-s; Mrs. Clara M. .\n(lersoM. nl' AHiinn. Xrw ^'orU: Mrs. iVddie K. ..Athow. of Tacoma : Mrs. Jessie M. Stevenson, of Tacoma; (ieorye Royal l^yrd. of North ^'akima: Walter Lewis Hyid. of Tacoma: Frank O. Hyrd. of Tacoma: Klliert L. Hyrd. of Tacoma: and Mrs. Dora Iv Wlnsldw, of Tacoma.

Mr. liyrd was interested in the Methodist Kpiscopal cliiireh and was a yenerons sup])orter of eluii'ch work ^ixint^' freely of his means. He <ia\ e tlii' land and financed the buildinij- of the Metliddist Kpiscopal chinch and parsonage at Fern Hill. In 1881 he was instrnmuital in f(irnn'ni>- scIkio! district Xo. "JU and f^ave the land \'uv the school huildiuHs. In i,S87 he platted his land from 8()lh to 84.th on Park avenue, upon which tract now stands an enterprisin<>- suburb of Tacoma known as Fern Hill, afterward stopjjcd hop raisiny and went into the real estate business with Mr. Wilt in Tacoma and later was a member of Spinning'. Byrd \ Huekner, a firm of real estate dealers. He sold his homestead in West Tacoma and built the ])resent family residence in 1888. He eneoura,<>cd the street car company to build its line tbidu<)'h Fern nil! by yi\ iiiy tluiii a v\ix\\\ of way and several lots for tlnir power bouse, platting" the ground to .suit their purjioscs. He <^avf wide streets on three sides of their power house and also gave them a laivyc sum of money. In all his years of life those connn<^ to .Mr. Hyrd for hel]) of various kinds and many came — received of the best he could yivc.

Mr. Hyrd passed out June 17, UH.!, at the aire of seventy-two and bis wife seven weeks later, at the age oi' sixty-eight. In tluir |)assing Tacoma Ifist two of its oldest and best known pioneer settlers. Mr. Hyrd liad madi liis Ikuhc in tin- nortbwest for sixtv-tbrec vears. and was familiar willi ,ill tin iibasis of

39^ HISTORY OF TACOMA

its de\'elopinent and i^rogress. His memory formed a connect- ing link between the primitive jiast and the 2)rogressive present. He lived here at a day when Taeonia's most beautiful residence districts and the present business section of the city Mere covered with dense forest. He rejoiced in the work of improvement that was carried forward ajid Taconia foimd in him a valued citizen.

ELIAS FLOYD MESSIXGER.

Elias Floyd iMessinger, of Tacoma, who is president of the Hunt & JMottet Company, a large wholesale hardware and mill supply concern, is a representative of the best type of self-made man. for he has risen to his present position of im])ortance solely through his own industry, aggressiveness and l)usiness acumen, and, moreover, has at all times been strictly upright and straiglit- forward in his dealings. He has not confined his interest to business affairs, however, but has also been active in the promo- tion of the welfare of his city along various lines.

Mr. jNIessinger was born in Bremer county, Iowa, on the •22(1 of January, 1856, and is a son of Elias J. and Catharine (Perkins) jNIessinger. He attended the district schools and as- sisted his father with the farm work. In 1868, however, the family removed to \Yaterloo, Iowa, and he was a student in the schools there until he was sixteen years of age, Avhen he secured a position as utility boy with the Cutler Hardware Company at a wage of five dollars per week. He continued with that concern for two years and at the end of that time became associated witli his father, who was then interested in the Union ]Mill Company. For three years he engaged in packing flour for that concern, but at the end of that time was ])romoted to the position of grain buyer at a station which the com])any had established on the out- skirts of Waterloo. On leaving Iowa he removed to Portland, Oregon, in January, 187.5, and later in that year went to Yam- hill county, Oregon, where for three years he taught school during the winters, while the summers were devoted to work on a ranch. In 1878 he gave up teaching and removed to Amity. Oregon, where he conducted a grain business, building a large warehouse and carrying on a profitable trade under his own name. He remained there until June, 1887. when he disposed of his business interests and came to Tacoma, secm-ing a position Avith the Hunt

11IS^()1{^■ OF TACO.MA 395

& Mottet Company as sliij)piii<> clerk at a salary of fifty dollars per inoiitli. Tliis coiurni had foriiu-rly hecii known as the ^Vheel\\ right iS>: Hunt C'oni|)any Init al>iiiit a month hefore Mr. ^lessinger beeamr (•<inn( (ted with it Mr. Wheelwright withdrew, jiis interest being jMnehased hy Frederick Mottet, and the name was changed to limit iV Mottet. The firm was at that time loeatetl at No. 121!) Pacific avenue and had already built up a good trade as wholesale hardware dealers. Mr. Messinger soon demonstrated his ability and was a<l\ari(r(I to the jjosition of salesman, and in 180.), after Mr. Hunt's death, the firm was incorporated as the Hunt iSc ^Mottet Company with Mi-. Mottet as president and Mr. Messinger as vice jjrcsident. In the mean- time [\\v cnmiiany had I'cmnNcd I'rnm No. r_'I'.> Pacific avenue to the Spraguc block, at the southeast corner of Pacific avenue and South Fifteenth street, and the volume of their trade had shown a large increase. When the concern was incorporated in 189.5 it was capitali/.cd at one himdred thousand dollars, but in the course of j'eai'S this sum was i'limul to hv inadecjuate and in 1007 the capitalization was increased to two hundied and seventy- five thousand dollars. ,\ year i)re\ious, or in lOOtJ, ^Ir. Mottet sold his interest in llic e(iiii|iaiiy and Mr. Messinger succeeded liini as ])resident, whieli olliee lie still holds. In 1007 tlu' eom- ])an\ pm-eluised a site in liie "JlOO block on I'aeitie avenue and there erected a handsome seven story building, iil'ty by one hun- dred and twenty feet, designed especially for the heavy hardw are and mill su])ply business. This structure was completed and ecpiipped late in the sann- year .ind the com|)any erected at the same time in the rear of that building a concrete warehouse, one hundred feet s(]narc, two stories and basement, but designed to carrv five stories. The grf)und and buildings represent an invest- ment nl' line linndred and Iil'ty tli(Uis;ni(l dollars and the plant is one of the most complete and modern business pi()i)erties in the city. The erection of the Hunt \; Mottet Com])any build- ings on lower I'acific avenue staiteil a mo\ ement which has since made that section one of the leading wholesale districts of Tacoma. The comjiany is the I'onitli largest firm dealing in general and heavy hardware and null sup|)lies on the I'aeilie coast and they ha\e six men constantly on the road. <-o\irfng AN'ashington. Oregon. Idalio. Uritish Columbia and .\laska. Mr. Messinger and his associat(s ha\e Ii.mI the i)readth of vision to recognize the opportunities for l)usiness expansion in the rapidly develo])ing notthwcst. h;i\c possessed the high degree of cxecu-

396 HISTORY OF TACOMA

tive ability necessary to carry out their carefully laid plans and have been rewarded by a measure of prosjjerity beyond tlieir expectations.

On the 'JOth of February, 1878, ]Mr. JNIessinger was united in marriage to JNIiss Adeline Elizabeth I^add, at Amity, Oregon, and three cliildren have been born to them: Elias Lindsey, who is associated with his father in business; Lois, now ]Mrs. John S. Gerard, of Tacoma; and Katharine, now ]Mrs. Frederick I. Wines, also residing in Tacoma.

^Ir. ]Messinger is a repulilican in politics but has never ])een an asjjirant for public office. He was one of the most active members of the Tacoma Boosters, from which sprang the present Commercial Cluli. which he aided in organizing, serving as a member of its first board of trustees. His interest in the welfare of his city is further indicated by the fact that he is a director of the Tacoma Young INIen's Christian Association and has given liberally of his time and means in making possible the splendid new association building, of which the city is justly proud. He was also influential in the erection of the magnificent new church edifice of the First Christian church at the northeast corner of Sixth avenue and K street and is one of the leading members of that organization. Fraternallv he is identified with the Knights of Pythias. It is to such men as he that any city must look for its growth — men who combine executive ability, keen sagacity and bi-eadth of vision with public s])irit and a willing- ness to place the general welfare above individual interests.

C. A. E. NAUBERT.

Among those active in the insurance field is C. A. E. Xaubert, agent for the jVew York I^ife Insurance Com]Kiny, who main- tains offices at A'^o. 20.5 Bank of California I)uilding. He was born in the province of Quebec, Canada, on the 18th of July, 18.57, was educated in the St. Therese and Terre Bonne Colleges and when seventeen years of age left home and began his inde- pendent career, removing to St. Paul. ]Minnesota. in 1871?. He clerked in a grocery store there until 1877, when he Ment to Port- land, Oregon, where he was connected witli a clothing store until January, 1881. On the IStli of the month he arrived in Tacoma, where he has since made his home. For some time he was book-

^ ^

C. A. E. NAl'HKKT

IMSroin' Ol' 'IWCOMA 399

keeper for S. .M. N(>l;in. a general iiiereliaiit of this city, and later lie estahlislicd a t-ldtliitin- store of liis own on the site of the Donnelly Hotel al >.'iiitli street aiul Paeifie aveiine. In this ventnre.lie was associated with John Forhes hut in 1SS2 the iiusi- ness I'ailed on account nl' the general Hnancial depression. Mr. \anl)ert then entered the employ ol' the Xorthern I'aeiHe JJaiiroad Company as cashier at the wharf and was with that corporation for Hvc years. At the end of that time he formed a |);ii-tn(i-slii|i with frank ('. Itoss i\>v the ediidiict dl' a real estate hnsiness arid \\i\\ niKlcrtakiiiL; pinvcd succt'ssriil. In llic hkmii- tinie he heeame secretary and treasurei' of the 'I'aeoma \; I>ake City liaihvay lV Navigation Coni])any. In 181)0. when the road was sold to the l^ortland & Pnget Sound llailroad Com|)any. Mr. Xauhert accepted the position of right of way agent foi- that corporation and hought the right of way from the Xis(|ually river to .Seattle. Had it not hecn for the interference of the Taconia Land C'om|)any and the X'orthern I'aeiHe liailroad in hi-inging suit in tlie courts, |)rohiliitiiig the company fi-oni huild- ing through the Indian I'cservalion. the road would lia\( hiiii eom])lete(l. In lS!l-_' Mr. Xauhei't withdrew fi-om the (irni of Koss tS: Xauh(.it and pnreliased the Stony Oak Stock Farm, on which he engaged in hiceding .Jersey cattle and trotting horses. He was successful in lli.il ntidcrtaking until IS'.I7. \\hen the wide- spread |)aiuc led to his failme. Hi' then hecanie agent I'or the X'ew ^'ork Life Insurance C'omi)any. which he has since rejjre- sented at Tacoma, and during the intervening nineteen years he has written a large amount ol husiness and has gained a competence.

On Christmas day of 188.), ^fr. X'auhert was united in mar- riage to Miss Cora Wing, a daughter of C. C. and C. K. \\'ing, hoth of whom are living in Tacoma. Her father was tin owner of Will!.' s addition to the city and Is widely kn<iwn. Allhongh he has icaelieil .in ,i(l\anced age he is still active and takes a kicn interests in the affairs of the day. Mr. and Mrs. Xauhert have four living children, namely: Kthel, the wife of A. S. Hamilton, also an agent of the X'ew York Life Insurance Comi)any: Frank C.. twenty-six yeai's of age. who is conducting a pool room in Tacoma: .Amy. the wife of .lohn \V . Bush, a high school teacher at Kent. Washington : and Hari-y W.. eighteen years of age. who is a student in the T;icoma .Stadium high school.

^Ir. X.-uiIk li has supported tlie re|iulihean parts' since Ix-coni- Ing a nalnrall/.cd cit i/en of the I 'nili d .Slal( s and lias done ;ill in

400 HISTORY OF TACOINIA

his power to secure its success at the jiolls. He belongs to Tacoma I^odge, Nd. 22, A. F. & A. M., and is also identified with Conunencenient Lodge, No. 7, K. P. AVhen he came to Taccmia thirty-five years ago he found a town with a population of about seven hundred and fifty and the site of the present city ^^'as lai-gely covered with stunqis and brush. He has watched with great pleasure the marvelous growth and development of the city and is confident of its bright fviture.

WALTER ROBERT SCOTT.

Walter Robert Scott, who is sei-ving accej^tably as deputy auditor and clerk of the board of county conuuissioners of Pierce comity, is a well known and highly esteemed resident of Puyal- lup, Washington. A native of Wisconsin, he was l)orn in Janes- ville on the 29th of October, 1868, and is a son of Robert W. Scott, a native of Glasgow, Scotland, M'ho emigrated to America with an aunt when l)ut a boy. At the time of the Civil war he gave his services to the Union and was at the front throughout the period of hostilities as a member of the command under Gordon Granger. He has reached the age of seventy-five years and is living retired in Puyallup, Washington, but is still vigorous and takes a keen interest in the affairs of the daj'. His wife, who in her maidenhood was Mary Jane Godden, was born in Eng- land but accompanied her parents to the United States in girl- hood. The family located in Janesville, Wisconsin, and there she was married and ])assed the remainder of her life, dying in 1909. She was the mother of five sons and five daughters, of whom three daughters and our subject survive.

Walter R. Scott received his early education in the jjublic schools of Janesville and later took up the study of ])harmacy in the University of Wisconsin. For several years he was em- ])loyed as a drug clerk and later went into the drug business on his own account in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, where he remained for al)ont twelve years. At the end of that time lie sold out and came west, establishing a drug store in Puyallup, Washington, which he sold, however, in the fall of 1912. In January, 1915, he was appointed deputy auditor and clerk of the county board of commissioners, and he has since held those positions, ])roving systematic and capable in the discharge of his duties. While

iiisroin' oi' 'i'.\(().MA -101

li\ in,H' ill Wisfoiisiii \\v was jippoiiitcd _y()\c"niin(.'iit oil iiis])(.'t't()r and lillfd tliat otiirf with civdit I'oi' one term. In ])()litic-s lie lias always l)cen a stanch ic'|)iil)lic'aii.

jNIr. Scott was married (Mi the fJth (if March. ISitO. in Iviii Claire, Wisconsin, to Miss Minnit- H. 1 1 nil. a (laii<4litci- ol' Irving- and ..Vdalinc C". 1 1 nil. who arc now residents of I'wyallup, Wash- ington. Mr. and Mis. Scott iiavc tlii'cc sons and two daughters: Irving, who is a graduate of the law department of the Univer- sity of Washington; Jean, twenty years of age: LneliU-, eighteen years of age: and Koix it and I'aid, aged respectively eight and six years, hoth ol' whom aie attending the public schools.

^Ir. .Scott liclongs to the Masonic order and has served as master of his Iddge and is alsd connected fraternally with the Woodmen of the World and th( Improved Order of Red ]Mcn. His interest in the Inisintss develo|)ment of the citv is indicated by his mcmliersiiip in the Tacoma Commercial Club, in which he is one of the leaders. He has the imagination to grasp the ])ossibilitics of tiie city's (le\ cloijnient and the |)raetieal wisdom and executive ability to carry out plans for the reali/ation of those possibilities. Ih' has a large capacity for friendship and has won and held the warm rcgai'd as well as the sincere respect <if those who ha\e been elosel\- associated with him.

HKM{^ .1. .Mc(;KKa()K.

Henry .T. ^rcGregor, general contractor of Tacoma, has been identided with the city's history not oidy as a business man Imt as a ])ul)lic official, having sei-ved in various olliccs, while he was also chosen as one of the Iramers <if the ])resent city charter. He was born in .\lnionle. ()ntario, Canada. Se]i|(nibei- ."{O, ]H(>.'). a son of .Tames McCiiegoi'. a native of Scotland, who at the age of nineteen years, or in 184!), ci-ossed the .Vtlantie J'rom the land of hills and heather to Canada, becoming a pioneer of Almonte. In 1878 he removed to Rig Uajjids, >Jicliigan. and was a suc- cessi'ul lumberman, contimiing active in business to within six years of his death, which occinrcd in Ottawa, Ontario, in l!)()"i, ■when he was seventy-two years of age. His activities also ex- tended into those fields \\hi<-|i ha\c to do with public iieiiefit. He was active as a niemlier of the whig partv and \\as prominent in political circles. l''or vcars he served as a school diicetor in

402 HISTORY OF TACOMA

his district and he promoted the moral progress of the com- munity as an active member of the Presbyterian cliurcli. He wedded Mary Uunlop, also a native of Canada, and now living with a (hiughter in Almonte. She is a remarkably well preserved woman at ninety years. She had a family of fourteen children, of whom Henry J. was the seventh.

Educated in the schools of Grand llapids and also receiving training in a mechanical school at Grand Rapids, he started out in the business world at the age of tliirteen years as an apprentice in the Mork of bridge construction and after comjjleting his term he followed bridge building with the Chicago. Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad Company. He gradually advanced and became sui^erintendent of bridge constnxction between Chillicothe, ]Mis- soin-i. and Kansas City. He was also superintendent for the Freeport-Dodgeville Xorthern Railroad between lirownstown, Wisconsin, and Dodgeville. Wisconsin. In 1888 he came to the west to take charge of the bridge construction work for the Seat- tle. Lake Shore & Eastern Railroad, now the Great Northei-n Railroad Company, with headquarters at Seattle. He first fol- lowed raih'oad work on his own account, building the ^^'est Coast road to Rlaine, ^Vashington, on the boundary line of British Columl)ia. He also built the Fairhaven k Southern Railroad lietween Fairhaven and Blaine, and in the spring of 1899 he removed to Taconia, since which time he has been engaged in the contracting business, erecting homes, building bridges and doing other kinds of construction work under contract. He was thus engaged until 11>()8. when he was appointed by Mayor John W. Linck to the office of commissioner of public works, serving in 1909 and 1910. In the latter year he was chosen to aid in framing the new city charter of Tacoma. When appointed com- missioner he was filling the office of councilman from the eighth ward. When he was conunissioner of public works all the con- struction was imder one department instead of being divided up as it is now among the several departments. He initiated the filling of gulches, thus eliminating bridges. He had charge of the construction of the I^a Grande end of the municipal power plant and he had charge of the construction of the million dollar port commission dock at Smith's Cove, Seattle. There are many other tangilile evidences to be cited of his public spirit and devo- tion to the general welfare. He has always been very active in politics and in the spi-ing of 1889 was one of the members of the convention which nominated the deleffates to frame the consti-

IIISI'OKV Ol' I'ACO.MA 4u:i

tutioiial coiiveiitioii of the stale. His political allegiance har> ever been given to the repnljliean paily since he east his tirsc Ijresiclential vote for James (i. lilaine.

In \'iet()i'ia. Hritisji COIiunliia. on llic (itli day of ^lay, 18!»2. Mr. .McGregor was niarried to Miss Mattie C. Williams, a native of Hamilton, Missonri. and a daughter of ^Ir. and Mi's. Thomas Williams, re]jresenlati\ es of an old ^lissonri familv, formei-ly from Kentucky. They became parents of four children, of whom three are living. Delia is the wife of Ernest Dreher, who has charge of the mechanical interests of the Ledger at Tacoma, and by whom she has one child, Delia, born in this city in 11)10. Her- bert was married in 1!)14. to Delia (Jallagher, and conducts a daily farm in Tlniiston county, near Olympia. Lester Harold is a graduate of the Tacoma high school. Dne son. Harrv, ])assed away. The wife and mother ])asscd awav ^Nlarcli 4, lid,), and was laid at rest in Tacoma Cemetery. She held membership with the Daughters of Isis, was active in church and charitable work and was treasurer of the state and local humane societies. .She was a woman of splendid intellectual attainments, of most kindly spirit, loyal in citi/enslnp. and was a loving and devoted wife and mother.

Mr. McGregor owns his residence at Xo. .'JSI t Xorlli ISth street, and he is also the owner of considerable vacant ])roperty in the city. He was f)ne of the victims of the wide- spread financial juuiic of 188!), in which he lost one hundred thousand dollars. He has lost and made seveial fortunes in the west but is yet comfortably situated, for he possesses splendid Imsin'ss ability and marked enter])rise. He earned his first money by washing liuggies, receiving six dollars |)er month for his services. As a boy it was his anibitior) to become a mechanical engineer, lint IVom his earnings he could not savi' llie money whereby he might secure the necessary efhication. for he assisted in the su])- j)ort of the fann'Iy and from his eanuiigs he ])rovidcd the means for the educ-ation of his four younger sisters. Mr. McCiregor is pioiiiinently an<l widely known in (iMternid circles. He was ma<le a Masdu in 'I'.iediiia, Fairweather Lodge X'o. H-J. lla^ at- tained the thirty-second degree oC the Scottish l{ite and has crossed the sands of the desert with the nobles of the .Mystic Shrine. He was initiated into the Knights of I'ythias order at l^ellingham. Washington, twiiity-nine years ago, has ser\ ed through all ol' the chairs, was first lieutenant and assi.sted in organizing one of the first Uniform Hanks of Knights of

^U4 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Pythias in the state. He is likewise identified with the Red Men and with the National Union and his military record covers three years' service in the National Guard under J. J. Weisen- berger, who was afterward killed in the Philippines. That Mr. JNIcGregor is interested in the material welfare and civic improve- ment of his city is indicated in his membership in the Commercial Club, and that he has been mindful of his moral obligations is indicated in his membership iji Pilgrim Congregational chui-ch. In a word his has been an ujjright, honorable life, fraught with good deeds, actuated bj^ high ideals and characterized by suc- cessful accomi^lishment of valuable results.

GEORGE J. KLIXDT.

Geoi-ge J. Klindt, of the Crescent Realty Company, conduct- ing a real estate, loan, rental collection and insurance business in Tacoma, was born in St. Louis, Missouri, INIarch 30, 1861. His father, Claus Klindt, a native of Schleswig-Holstein. Ger- many, came to America in 1847 and was one of the early settlers of Davenport, Iowa. He was a carpenter bj- trade and at tiie time of the Civil war enlisted in the Second Iowa Volunteer Infantry, witli which he served as a private for three years. He was injured in tlie hand and hip in the battle of Antietam. Dur- ing 18G1 and 1802 he resided in St. Louis, but afterward returned to Davenport and in October, 1871, he settled on a homestead in O'Brien county, Iowa, where he resided until 1883, when he took his family to Hyde county. South Dakota, there passing away in 1884 when tifty-one years of age. He had married IMaria Rachel ]\Iennig, who was born in Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, a daughter of John Phillip INIennig, of German descent, whose ancestors came from Ravaria, the grantifather being the founder of this branch of the family. The wife of Mr. INIennig bore the maiden name of Elizabeth Dorothea Schwab. Mrs. Klindt passed away in Tacoma, Jime 20. 1914. having resided in this city since October 20, 1887. She was seventy-six years of age at the time of her demise. In the family were but two children: George J.: and Catherine Eliza- beth, who died in Davenport, Iowa, in 1883, at the age of seven j'ears.

George J. Klindt was educated in the ])ul)lic schools of

lll.Sl'()l{\ OF TACDMA 405

Davenport and in the- foiintiv schools of norlliwcstern Iowa to the age of eij^htcen years and in 1882 attended tiie Daven|)ort linsiness College. lie then took up l)ookUeej)inn, wiiieh oeen- jjation he lolioucd in l);i\enport for a short period, alter which the family removed to South Dakota and there with his father he engaged in fainiing six hnndied acres of land, hut drought and otiier nnl'ax (iral)le conditions made tliis \tnlnic an ahsohite failure. He and his iimtlni- than ga\c iij) the laiin and removed to Tacoma. Soon afterward Mr. Klindt secniid a position as hookkeeper with the \\''ashington Furniture Manufacturing Company, heing associated with that firm Wn- nine months, at the iiid (if w hich time tiic plant hiii in il and the n\\ ncrs. Kossman & Hoeiicr. (hij nut rilmihl. lie next entered the real estate husiness at the time of the hoom, investing everything he had, so that when the hooni was over lie had nothing left. He after- ward secured a ))osition with the Tacoma i)olice force, hut not liking tile wiir'k resigned at the end of a \i'ar and returned to his former occupation of keeping hooks. He secured a position with Curtis M. Johnson, a pronn'nenf sawmill man. operating at the head of the hay and for a year continued with that firm, or until the mill was destroyed hy fire. He was afterward with C. F. Iloskaii for eight months, and then secured a ])osition as l)ookkeei)er and lahor foreman during the construction of the Western Washington Industrial Kxjjosition Imilding. Later lie acted as pi-oxy foi- (.',. H. Evans in the F,\ans \- Jennings Faint Cdm|)any t'oi- several years. Snhse(|u<ntl\' lu' l)ecame secretary I'oi- the \avy Coal & ^Mining Com])any and was after- wards receiver for the company. His next husiness connection was with the Seattle Hox \ Manufacturing Company, of which he was general manager. In 18!H) he got llie mining le\ t r and with F. F. Foeker went to Siiniise City. Alaska. They staked a numher of claims which pioved worthless and linally gave them up. On the homeward journey he stojjpcd oil" at Sitka and J)icked up a partner named Islhl'sen and together they took a coiitiaci to gel out w(]0(l I'cji' the IJaianol' Packing Conipany at lU'dlish Hay. Here he remained until the following May, when he returned to Tacoma. After a I'cw months T. \\. I'ixley. Harry Xash and another gruli-staked him and \sith li\ c otlurs (one of w lioiii was his |)resent ])artner, William Hilthrunn* 1k' left Tacoma. .\ugust 7. 1807. Iiound I'or the ^ iikon. I'rom Fake Jicnnett he. with one partner. |)rcccded the rest of the part\ and when thev arrived at Dawson. .Tunc 18, 18!»8, he had a

406 HISTORY OF TACO.MA

"Lay" arranged for on No. "27 Eadorado, which claim was owned by A. Calder and "Big Alec ^McDonald, the Klondike King." The next season he and his remaining partners (one of the original six died in Skagway and was sliipped to Eureka, California, for burial, and one had found a brother and joined him in a claim) bought a half interest in No. 30 Gold Run. This turned out a fairly good ventin-e and netted each a com- fortable sum. August 29, 1902, Mr. Klindt and JNIr. Hiltbiunn landed in Seattle from their last trip north, the other two part- ners having quit the year before. ]Mr. Klindt then s]>ent a 3'ear traveling in the east in the interest of a mining projiosition. This not proving a success on his return he bought an interest with the Washington ^^eneer Company of Pujallup, where, after the plant had doubled its capacity, he sold out and embarked in the real estate and insin-ance business with his old mining partner in Xovember, 1900, under the firm name Crescent Realty Company.

Being analytically inclined and not prone to accept more on faith than is necessaiy, Mr. Klindt is religiously and politically a free lance with a strong socialist leaning. He belongs to the subordinate encampment and Rebekah branches of the Odd I"el- lovvs and three times i-epresented his subordinate lodge at the gi'and lodge. He is a charter member of Lodge No. 435, Loyal Order of JNIoose. From the age of nineteen years he has de- l^ended entirely uyton his own resources and his life has brought him many varied experiences, many of which have been of a most interesting character, A\l)i]e others have been fraught with hardships and difficulties. But he has persevered in the face of difficult conditions and is today enjoying the fruits of persever- ance and well directed effort.

CHARLES H. GRIXNELL.

Long connection with the mercantile interests of Tacoma established Charles H. Grinnell as one of its representative busi- ness men. For many years lie was connected with the wholesale grocery trade and develo])ed his business along legitimate lines, his success resulting from close a])plicatinn, indefatigable energy and reliable methods. Aside from his advancement as a mer- chant, he displayed traits of character which firmly established

CHARLES H. GRINNELL

IIISTORV OF TACO.MA -109

him ill the regard and goodwill ol' tliose with whom he came in contact.

He was horn in MantiuN illc Minnesota. Octoher "i.'J. 18(!'J, the son nl' .Mnst-s and l.ctitia ( C'ii(i|)(.'r ) (iriniuil, Imtli of whom were natives of New ^'tl^k. and the ialtii- was a graiulniecc of Peter Cooper, the great pliihnitlu(i|)ist. Moses Grinnell died at a comparatively early age while lilling the position of cnstoms house officer. His widow afterward hecame the wife of C". A. Miller. By her iirst mairiage she had two sons, Charles II. and Harry 31., the latter a resident of Seattle. l?y her second mar- riage MvH. Miller had a son. Fred M. Miller, of ^Vahkon, Minnesota.

Charles 11. (ii-lnncll spent his ydullifiil days npcm a farm in his native state and was maiiit-d in .March. 188.j, to Miss Emma A. Rriggs. a danghter of John (i. and Ahhie K. (Cook) liriggs, hoth of whom were natives of Connecticut. In IS.yi J\Ir. Hriggs removed to ^linnesota, where he followed farming imtil his demi.se. It was in that state that he reared his family and there his daughter hecame the wife of Charles H. (irinnell. 'i'liey l)ccame the parents of four childi'en: I'jtiiel. the wife of I^arl H. Kol)l)ins: Sylvia, tlie wift' of \V. Coy Meredith: Kmma C., who is at home; and C. II.. .Ir.. who is alteiuling the Washington University.

Six years after his marriage Charles IT. Grinnell came with his wife and two children to Tacoina, arriving in 3Iarch, 18!)1, and here, in connection with Cooper & \\'hittield, he entered the grocery husiness at Sixth avenue and I'ine street. Early in 18!)2 the husiness was taken over hy .1. M. MilKr and Mr. (iiiiUKll. who were associated for five yeai's, conducting l)nsiness under the name of Miller & Grinnell. In 18'.»7 Mr. (iiiimell sold out to Mr. Miller and l)ecame chief deputy grain inspector diu-ing the administration of (Jo\ernor Rogers. In .Inne. !!•()(). the whole- sale grocery house of the Ijove-Johnson Comjiany was estah- lished and soon afterward >rr. Grinnell hecame connected with the com])any as a stockholder and city salesman. Tlirontzli his wide ae(|uaiiilaiiee and his acli\if\- the imsiness ol' tliis depart- nienl was soon dmililril and lie heeanie reconni/.ed as llie most effective salesman In the local field. I pon the death of Mr. Johnson in A|)ril. I'.tOl, he hecame secretary and treasurer of the com])any and with the retirement of Mr. T^ove in lOOCJ the Taconia Grocery Company was nrgam'zed and Mr. Grinnell was made its president and general manager. He hrought to this

410 HISTORY OF TACOMA

executive position the same capacity and energy tliat distin- guished his work of successful salesmanship and the business of the Tacoma Grocery Company has rapidly developed until it has come to be recognized as one of the leading wholesale grocery houses of the Pacific nortliwest. jNIr. Grinnell's standing in busi- ness circles was indicated by the fact that he was elected vice president of the Western Washington Wholesale Grocers' Asso- ciation and treasure!' of the Washington branch of the National Coffee Roasters' Association.

In his political views Mr. Grinnell was a democrat from the time tliat age conferred upon him the right of franchise. He was interested in his party and did everything to promote its suc- cess, yet he never sacrificed the public weal to partisansliip. Mr. Grinnell gave his attention largely to enterprises identified Mdth civic welfare and was an effective worker in the Tacoma Commercial Club up to the time of his injury in 1908. He was one of a conmiittee of business men tliat considered and was instrumental in getting a municipal dock during the first admin- istration of ]Mayor A. V. Fawcett. He also lielonged to the First Baptist chiu'ch, of M-hich he was one of the trustees, and he held membership with the United Commercial Travelers, the Knights of the IMaccabees and the Woodmen of the World. He was most devoted to his home and family, his happiness centering at his own fireside and finding expression in his efforts to promote the "welfare of his wife and children. For five years JNIr. Grinnell made a lieroic fight against what many physicians pronounced an incurable malady and all were aware of the intermittent suffering of the deceased from injury to the spine — physical pain that was borne with Christian fortitude — yet he was so much better, so much like his own efficient, active, optimistic self, that his family and friends were stunned Avhen on Friday afternoon, on the last day of the old year, December 31. 191.5, "God's finger touch'd him and he slept."

CHARLES C. MILLER.

Charles C. ]\Iiller was one of the organizers of the American Wood Pipe Company, manufacturers of wooden water pipes used for insulating underground steam pipes. In this connec- tion he has been active in the development of a substantial busi-

I11STC)K\' Ol' TACO.MA 411

iicss. He nas Ijorn in \VasIiiiiyt()ii county. Wisconsin, Julv 20, 18G.5, a son of Ci. Miller, a native of Ciernianv. who on coniinii' to America in 18.54. settled in Washington county among its pioneer residents. He took up the occupation of farming, which he followed successfully for many years, but both he and his wife have now passed away. The latter bore the maiden name of Caroline Schloemci'. She, too, was a native of (Germany and in IS.'J!). during her childhood days, was brought to the United States by her parents, who btcainr pidiucr faiiuing people of Washington counly. \\'isc(insin.

-Mr. and .Mrs. Miller had a family of seven children, of wiiom Charles C. was the second. He pursued his education in the pnl h'c schools at West Bend, Wisconsin, to the age of sixteen years and s])ent his early life ujjon the farm, with the usual ex])eri- ences that come to the farm bred boy. He was afterward ap- ])rentice(l to learn the carpenter's and builder's trade, serving a full t( iiii II]) t<i the age of twenty-two yeai's. I.alii- he worked at his trade in ^lilwaukee and in Wausau. AN'isconsin, and during the latter part of Dectniber. 1SS7. he ariived in Tacoma an entire stranger. His attention had been attracted to the noith- west. and. believing that the new and rapidly growing count ly would oflVi' an excellent field for an aml)itious young man. he made his way to the Sound. During the first years of his resi- dence here he followed car|)entering and then began contracting and building on his own account, meeting with sui)stantial success in that connection. He continued therein until liH.'J, and was one of the members of the Goss Construction Company, Incor- porated, acting as general superintendent for the firm for seven years. During that period he built the wing of the present capitol at Olynijjia, also built the Kbodcs lirothers' dry goods store and did considera])le work on the Tacoma smelter and on the dry docks of the United States naval station at Bremei'ton, Washington. In U>1.'} be joined Vaughn .Morrill in organizing the .American Wood Pipe Company, which Avas the second busi- ness of its kind established for the niamifactnie of woikU n water ])i|)e used for insulating undergnmnd steam pijies. The jilant covers five acres and the factory covers over a half acie of ground space. The company employs an average of twenty people and their trade relations extend throughout the northwest. From the beginning the undertaking has prove n prnfitablc and has be- come an impoitant industry of the city.

In Tacoma. in ISitO. Mr. .Miller was married to .Miss Bertha

412 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Xeick, a native of ^Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and a daughter of Mr. and ]Mrs. Henry Xeick. The father is still a resident of JNIil- waukee, but the mother is deceased. JNIr. and INIrs. jNliller have become the parents of four children but lost their first born, Alvina. The others are: Helen, a student in the University of \Vas]nngton; Emma, the wife of J. O. Ho}', of Tacoma; and Clarice, a public school pupil. They reside at Xo. 202 Xorth E street and ]Mr. ^Miller owns the property.

Politically ]Mr. JNliller is a rej^ublican but has never been an aspirant for office and several times has declined to become a candidate for the city council. He belongs to the jMasonic fra- ternity, having taken the eighteenth degree of the Scottish Kite, and he is identified with the Elks and with the Commercial Club. He and his wife are consistent members of the Lutheran church, ]Mrs. Miller taking a very active part in its work. He left home a poor boy and reached Tacoma ^\•ith less than twenty-five dol- lars. He jDossessed energy and determination, however, and these qualities have proven more substantial than capital. He has wo]-ked his way upwai-d and his diligence and perseverance are now manifest in tangible success.

THEOPHIL FEIST.

Theo^JJiil Feist, member of the di'v goods firm of Feist & Bachrach. was born in Alsace-Lorraine, October 26, 1873. his father, Sanuiel Feist, also a native of the same place, became a successful merchant and is now residing in Strasl)urg. in Alsace- Lorraine. He was born under the French regime and is a mem- ber of a very wealthy and jjrominent family of that country. He married Bertha Dreyfus, who was born in the Rheinpfalz, Germany, and is now deceased.

Theophil Feist was the sixth in a family of eight children and the youngest son. He was educated in Alsace-Loi'raine to the age of fourteen years and then entered upon a clerkship in a wholesale grocery house, being thus emjiloyed for six months. He had a desire to come to America and a cousin of his who had resided for some time in America was then on a visit to Germany, so that Theojihil Feist accompanied him when he again went to the United States. He arrived in Xew York in Jul\'. 1889. and after visiting ]Menij)his, Tennessee, and San Francisco, he came

lUSroiO' Ol" TACOMA 413

to Tacoiiia. wlitrf he arrived on the IDtli of September, 1889. Soon after\\ai-(l he seeured a position witli (lie house of Chester Clearv & C'onipaiiv. (kaliis in (h'v uoods and imii's furnisliin<>'s. He starli-d in as easli lioy with the iiriii and atterward tilled xaiious positions, I)ein<4- advanced IVoni lime to time until he reaeini! the highest position in the store. aetini>- as manatJier part of the time. In 18!)."i the firm, meetiui;- with tinaneial reverses, sold their entire stock, <>-ood\vill, fixtures, etc., to the Sanford & Stone Dry Goods Cdmpanx . Mr. l-'eist continued with the hit- ter firm about ei<>htcen months and then entered business on his own account under the name of Theophil Feist & Cninjiany. on Taeoma avenue between Xiiitli and Tenth streets. .Vllir otic year Joseph liachradi. his Indtlui-iM-law. associated himself with him under tile firm name of Feist & Uaebrach. Subsequently they removed the store to O'JO I'aeific avenue, and ei<4hteen months later they purchased the l)uil(lin<4- at No. 9.'J4 Pacific avenue, where ^Ir. Feist was first employed. After some time they enlarged, annexing the store next door at Xo. 932 Pacific avenue. Still their accommodations proved inade(juate and on the 1st of May. 1!)1(). they removed to still lar<>er (juarters at Xos. 1110- 1118 Broadway. Today they have one of the largest stores of tlie Uiiid in Taeoma. tiiiploying on an a\ t-rage forty-five sales people. Tliey cairy an extensive and attractive stock and the business lias grown steadily along substantial lines in harmony with modern commercial methods.

In X"ew York city, on the 9th of June, 191.), ]Mr. Feist was married to ^liss Jessie Levy, who was there born and is a daugh- ter of Solomon and Lena (Met/.ger) Levy, representatives of an old and jjrominent family of the Km])ire state. Mr. and ^Irs. Feist reside at Xo. 70.> X'ortb G stieet. Fraternally he is a thirty-second degree Mason and a mcmlur of the .Mystic Shrine, and is also identified with the Klks, while his membership rela- tions extend to Temple Hcth Israel, of uhicli he is president. lie is alsf» a member of the Commercial Clul) and IVXai lirith. His is a notably successful career. He has ever disi)layed marke<l promptness, energ}' and insight in the conduct of his business affaii's. He arrived in this count iv with a cash capital of twenty dollars and his lii'st employnuMit lu'ought him only his l)oaril and lodging;. .M'tci- the second year Ik' was paid li\'c dollars ])er week and dnrinu' lh( third yiai' received eleven dol- lars ]ier \veek. l'"rom that nuKh^t licnimiing he has wdi'ked his way steadily upward, and tlic success he has aeliieved re|)re-

^14 HISTORY OF TAC031A

sents the wise use he has made of his time, talents and oxjpor- tunities. His abiht}^ has brought him iJrominently to the front and liis record proves that success and an honored name maj' be won simultaneously. He enjoys the confidence and goodwill of his colleagues and contemporaries and he ranks with the most progressive merchants of Tacoma.

DAVID A. SWAN.

David A. Swan of Tacoma, ^jresident of the jNIidland Lum- ber & Investment Company, ranks among the leading business men of the city and has been continuously connected witli the northwest since 190*,». He was born in ]Montclair, Xe^- Jersey, in May, 1878. but in 1883 was taken to St. Paul, Minnesota, l)y his i^arents, David E. and Mary E. Swan. There he at- tended the i)ublic schools and later high school, from which he was graduated in 189.5. He at once secured a position as clerk with the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, with which he remained until 1898, ^vhen he became clerk for the Great Xorth- ern Railroad. In 1900 he entered the employ of the Northern Pacific Railroad in a similar capacity, but after six months was transferred to Tacoma as secretary to the assistant president of that road. In July, 1901, however, he was made secretary to the general manager of the company and went to St. Paul. In April of the following year he resigned that position and removed to Chicago, becoming secretary to the vice president of the Griffin Wheel Company and remaining in that capacity until 1903, when he was transferred to their plant at Detroit, IMichigan, as cashier. In 190.3 he returned to Chicago as man- ager of their Chicago branch and in the following year he was made assistant general manager and elected one of the ti'ustees. His rapid advancement m as a direct result of his enterprise, his careful study of the business and his trust^^orthiness. In .luly, 1909, however, he resigned that office on account of ill health and came to the Yakima Valley of Washington where he lived retired for six months. The equable climate proved very beneficial and at the end of that time he had sufficiently recovered his health to again engage in business. He located in Tacoma and with Beal Foster and Claude Gray organized the Midland Lumber & Investment Company of which he has since been president

lilSTOKY OF TAfO.MA -H^

and trcasiircr, while Mr. Foster for several years held the ollicc of vice president ami secretary, la July, liUO, they bought out IIr- iiiteiist i>l' ^Jr. Ciray in the concern and also bought prop- erties belonging- to the Independent Mill Company and reincor- porated for twenty-five thousand dollars. In 11)12 they again extended their business interests, gaining control of the Local I^uniber Company, but in Ai)ril, 11) 14, Mr. Swan sold his inter- est ill that concern to ^Ir. T'oster and in turn purchased the hitter's interest in the Midland Fiimber i*v Investment Company. In that year J. II. Callan became interested in the latter com- pany and has since served as secretary. The l)usiness of the concern has now reached large proportions and its rai)id and steady growth lias been more largely due to the ability and energv of Mr. Swan than to any other one cause. lie studies business conditions carefully, keeps in close touch with everv- tiiing that is done in the management ol' his company and is at once progressive and prudent in the direction of its affairs.

Mr. Swan was married in April. 1!)()1, in Tacoma, to Miss Clarice Cardin. and they have li\ e children: C arilin, Clarice, Darthea. David A. .Jr., and Edmund Lockington. ]Mr. Swan is a standi rtpiililicaii in |inlitics but bis Imsiness interests have made such iiea\y demand upon iiis time and attention that he has never had o])])ortunity to take a very active jiart in public affairs, lie belongs to the Union Club, to the Tacoma Country & Golf Club, the Commercial Clnl'. llie Mttropolitan Clul) of Seattle, the Cliicago Athletic Chili, the lioyal Arcanum r.nd the Klks and is ])opular in these organi/.ations. He has not only gained individual prosjierity, but he has also been insti-umental in ])romoting the industrial expansion of his city and takes a keen interest in everything relating to its welfare.

WILLIAM v. mnniiA..

The year 1891 witnessed the arrival of William V. Unrrill in Tacoma and his activities along various lines dnring tiii' int( r- veiiing vears have gained him prominence in tlie citizenship of this (iislriet. lie has been associatrd with impdilanl I'usiness interests. Born in \e\\ ^'^^k state in ISCO. he was educated in the eastern metropolis and in I''urope. lie retained his resi- dence in New ^'ork until 1801 and for several years was a mem-

416 HISTORY OF TACOMA

ber of the New York Stock Exchange before he removed to Tacoma. After his arrival in this city he was for a time in charge of the money order department in the postoffice but hiter resigned and in ]900 he opened the Balfour-Guthrie docks, of which he had charge for a year. At the present time, however, he is living retired from business save for the management which he gives his private investments.

In Tacoma, in 1894, in St. Luke's church, was celebrated the marriage of INIr. Burrill and iSIiss Helena C. Bailey, a native of Philadelphia, and they have become the parents of two children: Frances Field, a sophomore in Smith College, of ISIassaehusetts ; and William V., Jr. ]Mr. Bin-rill is deejily interested in all that pertains to the welfare and improvement of liis city and has been especially prominent in its club circles. He is a very active member and tlie secretary of the Union Club and he was one of the organizers of the Country Club, in which project he was associated with H. Cranston Potter and C. B. Hiu'ley. Tlie clul) quarters were located on the north side of American Lake from 189.5 until 1904 and of tlie club Mr. Burrill was the first president. He was also one of the original members and the captain of the South Tacoma Golf Club and is a meml)er of tlie present Golf Club at American Lake. He is one of the oldest members and the vice president of the Tacoma Lawn Tennis Club. He was also identified svith the old Chamber of Com- merce and since 1892 has been a rejiresentative of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. All of these interests have brought him a wide acquaintance and he is one of Tacoma's popular citizens.

CHARLES A. PRATT.

Charles A. Pratt Avas born at North Granville, New York, May 6, 1863, the oldest son of the Rev. J. H. and Phoebe J. Pratt. His father was a Baptist minister, and the boy was educated in the public schools of Illinois and Iowa at the various towns at which his father was stationed.

As his father, during his later life, served under the missionary board, his stipend was small and it was therefore necessary for Charles to begin early to earn what money he could. When he was sixteen years old he began work in a drug store, where he

CIIAKI.KS A. I'HATT

u

IIISTOKV Ol" TACOMA 419

remained lor a year and a liall'. Tlie first year lie reeeived the magnificent snm of one Iinndred dollars for his year's work, heginning work at seven oCloek in the morning and working until six o'clock at night. The second year he got twelve dollars and titty cents per month. ^Vt'ter working lor a year and a half he concluded he needed more education and therefore started in at seliddl again, luil had to wurk his way. wiiieli \\v did liy ai'ting as janitor for churches and the school that he attended, lie also saved money enough to Iniy two cows and began life as a business man, taking care of his cows and pedtUing milk bel'orc and after school.

In the fall of 1881 the family moved to Atlantic, Iowa, and he attended high school during that school year, still supjjorting himself by acting as janitor for churches and schools and doing any other odd jobs that he could find. In the summer of 1882 he went to Sterling, Illinois, and entered business college, taking courses in bookkeei)ing, stenography and typewi-iling, and eai-ned his board by taking care of a doctor's otHce and hoi-ses. In the winter of 188;{ his father died and the school year was more or less broken up. luit during the year 1883 be was able to complete the courses in lidokkceping and sti iiograpliy.

In the spring of 1884. he joined the rush to take uj) land in Dakota and took up a i)rcemption claim in Sully county which is now in South Dakota, where he remained imtil November, when he returned t(j his old lionic in Dixon. liliiniis. working on farms and at any odd jobs he could find during the following winter and sjiring. In August. 188."). lu- lngan \\orking for Taylor Williams as bookkee|)er at a coal mine. He was stationed first at Port Hyron. Illinois. l)ut was transferred in the summer of 1888 tf) Xorris. Illinois, and was made Ijookkeeper and assistant superintendent. There he remained mitil the end of 188<.). when his eyes failed and be had tf) (juit. Having always desiied a college education and not being able to obtain otu'. he read and studied most n|' the liooks in tlic regular course. l)nt tiie close applieatinii. work in bookkee])ing. studying late at nights, caused his eyes to give out and he had to give u|) bis work at bookkeeping, his close studying and most any kind of reading for a lunnber of years. For a time he worked as traveling salesman out of Chicago, Init ill tlie spring f)f' 1801 decided to conu' west and Avitb his brother he journeyed to Tacoma, ^Vashington, at which ])lacc he arrived the first day of A])ril. Not having anv spare money, he took the first work he coidd find, which was solicitiuff

^20 HISTORY OF TACOMA

for a tea and coffee house. He followed this for but a few months when he went to work for C. C. Woodhouse and learned assayuig. In the spring of 1892 he left Taconia and went to Okanogan county where he worked for a number of diff'erent mining companies as assayer and superintendent for a number of years; then he followed mining in \Vashington, Idaho, Oregon and California, sometimes in one capacity and sometimes in an- other, until the summer of 1898, when he was employed b}^ the city of Tacoma as an expert bookkeeper in what is known as the "JMillion Dollar Suit." Shortly after this work was completed, or in December, 1898, he purchased from I. N. Hague a one- third interest in the partnership, operating under the title of the Capitol Box Company. This partnership continued until Sep- tember, 1899, when the Capitol Box Company was incorporated by I. X. Hague, C. A. Pratt, II. E. Knatvol'd and A. J. Dyke- man. In June, 1900, J. T. JNIoore bought a one-third interest from JNIr. Hague and was made vice president. In the winter of 1901, the capital stock of the Ca])itol Box Company was increased from ten thousand dollars to fifty thousand dollars and the Michigan Box Company was absorbed. The personnel of this company was, I. N. Hague, president; J. T. Moore, vice president; R. H. Hotchkins, treasurer, and C. A. Pratt, secretary.

For about six montlis the company operated the two plants, but as dissension arose between jNIessrs. Hague and Hotchkins and JSIoore and Pratt, the plants were divided by Messrs. JNIoore, Dykeman and Pratt keeping the old or original plant and organiz- ing the Pacific Box Company, and Messrs. Hague nd Plotcbkins retaining the name of Capitol Box Company and taking the INIichigan Box Company plant. This plant was situated on the grounds of the St. Paul and Tacoma Lumber Company and was burned in 1903.

The original buildings of what is now the Pacific Box Com- pany were built in 1889 by L. F. Gault and his associates, but were burned in 1890. They were immediately rebuilt and con- ducted under the name of the Tacoma Box Company, with P. A. Paulson, president; L. F. Gault, secretary and treasurer, and O. C. Fenlason. manager. This firm went to the wall sometime in 1893. but the factory was conducted by a nmnber of different lessees, but only, generally, during the fruit season. In 1894 the mortgage held by Andrew Potter was foreclosed and for some montlis the plant was shut down. In the spring of 1896 the partnership was formed by I. N. Hague and James Swallwell,

II1ST()K^■ Ol r.\( OMA 421

upcratiiig uiulcT llic iiainc of Ca^iiU'l Hdx C'uiiipaiiy and leasing the ijlant from ^Vndicw Putter. Tliis partnership) was dissolved in the spring of 1898, 1. X. Hague retaining the box factory and Swallwell the paper and cigar l)ox part of the business and operating under the name of the Washington Cigar Hox Com- pany. In December, 1808, Mr. I'ratt bought a one-tliird interest in the Capitol Box Company from 1. X. Hague.

At the time of the organization of the Pacific Box Company the business was strictly catering to local trade. During tiie first year of its existence it began manul'acturing fruit boxes for tlie Yakima and Wenatchee valleys and for several years it furnished tile liiilk (if (lie boxes i'nr the Irnil crop dl' tlio.se \alleys. Iiiit local factories sprang up and it \\ ithdrew from those markets. It had found a more profitable business in California and what is known as "off shore" business, l-'or several years it has confined itself strictly to off-shore business, shipi)ing mainly to tlie Hawaiian islands, west coast of South Aiinriea, Australia. Straits Settle- ments, China and Manila, or wherever jjrofitable trade is offered.

W'lien the agitation for compensation for injured workmen began in this state, INIi-. Pratt took a deej) interest in the matter and iiiadi- (|iiitc a study of the workings of industrial insurance in European countries. He was secretary of the committee of employers of the Tacoma Chamber of Commerce and in such capacity appeared before the joint committee of the house and senate during the days of the formation of the workmen's com- jjcnsation act, chapter T-l, session laws of 11)11.

It had l)een agreed between (iovernor Hay. the employers of the state and the labor unions that each should have a repre- sensative on the commission td \iv formed to enforce this act. Mr.~i'iatt was a member of the coiiimitlei' of (ni|il(iyers of the state to meet the governor regarding tlie appointment of a inaii to rej)rescnt them on the commission. He was afterwards a member of the sub-committee which conferred with the governor relative to the (jualifications of some twenty odd applications for appointment as a member (if the indnsl rial iiisinaiicc (•(iiiiinissi(jn.

A^ tlli^ was cntii'cly new work, soiik lliiiig thai liad ii(\ cr been undertaken by any state in the ("nited .States, the iiiiployiis of the state felt that it was necessary to obtain someone who had been a succt'ssfiil business iiicii and (|ualilie(l to carix- into ext'cu- tion one of the largest iindcrlakings ever entered liiln b\ the state. After a great many meetings of the committi'e with the governor, going over the (jualifications of the men projjosed, none seemed

422 HISTORY or TACOMA

to meet tlie qualifications necessary. A man who would be recom- mended by the committee of employers would be rejected by the governoi' for cause, and \'ice versa. At last the employers began to seek among their own members for someone's name to present to the governor and JNIr. Pratt was selected.

]Mr. Pratt objected at tirst as he realized it would require an immense amount of hard work, a great deal of criticism and little or no honor miless success crowned the work, and in the beginning that was very doubtful. He began the Avork in June, 1911, as a commissioner, and in November, 1 911, under the resignation of George A. Lee, was made chairman, which jjosition he held imtil the 1st of May, 1913. In November, 1912, Governor Lister had been elected as a democrat and on his taking the oath of office in January, 1913. INIr. Pratt presented his resignation, but was asked to remain until the 1st of INIay, which he did. As his agree- ment with the employers had been that he was to remain only for two years, or until the work was organized, he felt that he had fulfilled his contract A\ith the employers and Mas glad to relinquish a very difficult and onerous task.

Mr. Pratt was married on the 7th of February, 1899, to Miss Nellie De Wolfe. In politics he is a reiniblican but carries his religion in his wife's name, as his Baptist friends say, as he has served as vestryman for several years at Trinity church. Tacoma.

ANDREW JACKSON BELL.

Andrew Jackson Bell, manager of the Albers Brothers INIill- ing Company, was liorn in Chicago, Illinois, September 7. 187-'. His father. John W. Bell, was a native of ^'^irginia and a son of Andrew Jackson Bell, a representative of an old Virginian family of Scotch descent. The first of the name in America came to the New World during early colonial days. John W. Bell is now a i-esident of San Francisco and although seventy- two years of age is still active in business, conducting a real estate and insurance office. He became a resident of the Pacific coast country in 1890 and has since lived at the Golden Gate. He is a Civil war veteran, having served as a ]n'ivate in an Iowa i-egiment during the contest which established the supremacy of the Union. He wedded ]Mary Isabel Davis, a native of Iowa and a representative of one of the pioneer families of that state.

IIISTOKV OF TACOMA 42:^

Her iiiiilluT i^ slill li\ iiiii' ;it tlu' cxtrniic' Jiyc ol' iiiticly \ rars, niakiiiL;' hci' Ikmiic in C'umicil IJIiiil's. Iowa. In llu lannly of .M r. and M is. .Inlm W. Hell l\\'yv wvw fnnr snns and a dani^litcT. lull tlif (lau<^litrr dit-d in inlancy.

.\n(li-t\v Jackson Ikll was tlu- sc-coiid ol' tliis laiiiily and in IIr- jinlilic sc-liools of C"liic-a,<>() hv l)t\uan his c-diR-ation which lie cniiiplctcd at ()ak(hdc, C'ahrornia. when eighteen years ol' a^e. lie tlien entered npnn an aiiprentieesliii) of three years to the printer's trade, hut the husiness did not appeal to him and after he had eonipleted his term he tnrtud his attention in other direc- tions, aeee])tin.<>' a ])osition as clerk in a hotel. lie was oecupyinp^ thai pDsitliiii al the time of tlic Klondike excitenK'iit and with others started for Alaska, hut when he readied Portland, Ore- gon, he ahandoried the tri]) hecause of his inal)ility to secure tran.s- ])ortati()n to the north. He then i-eturned to Southern .Mine, California, where he continued to clerk in a hotel for some time. In the spring of IS'.IS he made his way northward, settling in Tacoma. He then hecame receiving clerk with the Cascade Cereal Cdni|)any and continued with that Hrm for some time, heing adx anetd to the ])ositions of shi|)ping clerk and l)ookkee|)er. I le also had charge of the office under John W. Heri-y, icmaining with the Cascade Cunipany for aliont two ycai's. The husiness was tiKii purchased liy the ^Vlhei's Hrothers in IDOlJ and Mr. JJell heeame associated with. them. In the summer of that \ear the old Ca.scade plant was destroyed by fire, l)ut a new |)lant wa.s erected and the business resumed. Mr. Hell became oHice man- ager and ofHee credit man for the iVlhers lirothers and in the spring of 100!) was made general manager of the .\lbei-s Hi'others .Milliug Company, which position he has since (illed. This is a position of lai'ge responsibility and importance for the Imsiness is an extensive one over \\hich Ik lias (li:( ct supervision. The mill manufactures various kinds of cereals, its output amounting to five hundred l)arrels a day. They have mills at San Fran- cisco. Oakland, .Seattle, Tacoma, Portland and Los Angeles, and the l)usiness is om of the largest of its kind on the Pacific coast. In the Tacoma plant i'orty-Hve peo])U' on an average are etiiployed. The T;iconia mill covers a gi'omid ai'ca of two hun- dred and lifl\ liy tliice liiindi-ed feet and the storage capacity is ci,L;lil\ tliiiiisaiiil liiisliels.

On 111! -.'Olli of Oetoli(r. r.»():{. in Tacoma. Mr. Hell was marriid to Miss Augusta U. .Sel/.er. a native of Nebraska and the daughter of Carl Selzer. Thev have a son, John W'., who

424 HISTORY OF TACOMA

was Ijorn in Tacoina, Xoveml)er 20, 190.5. Thej' reside at Xo. 1111 South Aiiisworth street, which property Mr. Eell owns. In ]Jolitics he is a democrat hnt without aspiration for puhlic otiice. He was reared in the 3Iethodist church, although not connected now with any rehgious organization. He belongs to the Elks lodge, the Commercial Club and the x\utomobile Club and he is popular among his associates in these organizations for he is a courteous, kindly gentleman, ever recognizing the rights of others and appreciative of true worth on the part of others. His business caieer has been notably successful for he started out in life empty handed and has worked his way upward, winning success through earnest efforts, close application and unfaltering, enei-gv. He today occupies a responsible position, having prac- ticallv entire control over the business at Tacoma.

LORENZO YOUNG STAYTON.

Ijorenzo Young Stayton has built up a good business as a cement pipe manufacturer and is recognized as a nian of energy and sound judgment. He maintains offices at No. 510 California building. His birth occurred on the 18th of February, 1858, at Lockhart, Caldwell county, Texas, and he is a son of Thomas Stayton, who was born in Kentucky, of English stock. The first members of the family to settle in the United States located on Staten island. New York. The father was a well known attorney and was judge of both the county and superior courts in Ken- tucky and in Tennessee. The later years of his life were passed in the Lone Star state and for a considerable period of time he engaged in the stock business there, proving as successful in that occupation as he had as a lawyer. He passed away in 18(58. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Nancy Jane Fugh was born in Indiana and was of French descent. She died in 1915 at the advanced age of eighty-four years. To their union were born twelve children, of whom nine are living.

Lorenzo Y. Stayton was reared upon the frontier in Texas and as there were practically no schools there at that time he had very limited educational advantages. However, he has learned much in the school of experience and through keejiing in touch with the (juestions and issvies of the day and through reading has gained a wide general knowledge. At the time of the Civil war

IIISTOKV Ol' TACO.MA ^^T

tlic r.-iiiiilv Weill 1(1 C';iiii|i Wrdc. Mckiiiy |)r(it(.'i't idii tluic. ;l^ did iiiaiiy III' tlir ntliir stttlirs in thai ridiilicr ir^ioii. Al tin- close 111' lidsliiilics liny i(imi\iil Id Htll ciMiiity, Texas, wIkti' (iiii- siilt- jfct ^iLW up ii|)(iii llu Inline- placr. I'dllowin"^- his rathiTs di-alh lit- rt'iiiaiiK(l upon llu- ianii uitli relatives until he reaehed the a<>e of seventeen years, when Ik he^aii his iiidepeiideiit career. He turned his athnlidn In the sluek Imsiiiess. witli wliieli he was already I'aniiliar, beeoniiny eonneeted with a lar^e raneh located on the IV'dernales river in lilanco and (iillespie counties. In 1S7'{ lie entered the Texas rangers' service and assisted in keeping order along the border until 1879. In I lie ])erforniance of his duties he was often called upon td fii^iil Ihe Mexicans and Indians. .■After leaving that ser\ iei- lie removed to Waco, Texas, win re he engaged in hiieU inanuraeturing until 1888.

It was in flu- spring of that year that .Mr. .Stay ton eaini- to Taconia. whert lie has since remained. He contiiuud For a linu- in the nianui'aeture of hriek, su])plying the hriek for a nunihcr of inii)ortant buildings in the city. l)nt about 188!) on account of l)usiness conditions he turned his energies to other lijics. He went into llu- tiiiilu-r for almut seven years engaged in (-lilting cord- wood, ill JSiiT In- went to Hritish Columbia and in addition to ])rospeetiiig lor gold on iiis own aeeount inxesligated the \alue of a iimiibei- of claims in lielialrof llu Hig Lake Mining C'oni])an\' of Taeoma. Hi- mily rt-maim-d noitli for about a year and at' the end of that lime again came to Tacoina.

Since his return to this city Mr. Stayton has engaged in con- crete contracting and has been very successful in that connection, having laid many miles of sidewalk. He built the fiist concrete \\alk iiNliu- city and alllKuigb lu- imw lias many (-(im|)etitors he is slill a ]( aili i- in lliat line of work. In I'.tO.") he extended the sco[>e of bis aeli\ities by beginning the mannraelnre of cement pipe. His intci'csts in that connection li.-i\e grown ia|)idly in im])ortanee and the annual output of bis i'actoiy has reaehed a large volume. He is well jjatronized not only in tin- city of Tacotna but in the suirounding territory, and his enterprise is one ol' the factors in the industrial development of the city. He likewise o\\ns an interest in sonu- coal mines which art- being succcssl'iilly (ijicrated. I le has a great deal ol' meebanieal ability and in l'.>!.") iblaliieil Ijie |;!lenl for a (.•olla|)silile sleel centering for making a monoiitbie and continuous cemcnf eoiierete pipe. The factory is located at .South Fiftieth stre( I and Pacific avenue and is provided with thoi-onglil\' modern ((iniiimenl.

428 HISTORY OF TACOMA

jNIr. Stayton was married in Bell ei)unty, Texas, in 187->, to Miss Rosie F. Boney, a daughter of Bud Boney. a jn'oiniiient farmer of Eastern Texas. At the time of the Civil war he joined the Confedei'ate army and was reported missing. ^Ir. and Mrs. Stayton have become the parents of two children: Xettie, now the wife of Alexander Stayton, a farmer of Oklahoma; and Estelle, who married Bert Hicker. who is the foreman in ]Mr. Stayton's factory.

]Mr. Stayton refuses to follow the dictates of a party leader, voting for whom he considers the best candidate without regard to his political allegiance. Fraternally he belongs to Camp No. 288. W. O. W.: to Chinook Tribe, "Xo. 10. I. O. R. M.; to National Union, Xo. 43; to, the Patriotic Order of Sons of America: to Royal Orange Lodge. Xo. 277, of Tacoma, and to Merlin Grove Druids, of Tacoma. When he came to Tacoma twenty-seven yeai's ago he foimd a small and comparatively insignificant town but as the years have passed the settlement has grown with marvelous rajMdity. and Tacoma is now a city of more than one hundred thousand inhabitants. He has taken the great- est interest in watching its development and has done all in his power to further the advancement of the city along material, civic and moral lines. He is enthusiastic in regard to its oppor- tunities and possibilities and considers it his permanent home.

HERBERT H. GOVE.

Mr. Gove became a resident of Tacoma on the 1st day of September. 1889. For a number of years prior thereto he had been with tlie old house of August Gast &: Company of St. I^ouis. in the bank note engraving and lithograi)hing business. Shortly after locating here he became interested in the Tacoma Abstract & Title Insurance Company, which, with a number of other concerns in the same line, was afterwards merged hi the Com- monwealth Title Trust Company. ^Nlr. Gove becoming president and manager of the company, and with that concern he has since been identified.

jNIr. Gove was born in Wisconsin, removing with his fam.ily when a young lad to Rochester, ^Minnesota, and there he received his education. He began his career in the newspaper busuiess, and was employed on some of the leading papers in the large

HISTORY OF TACOMA 429

cities of tlic iiiiddk- utst. \Vhen the development of the country west of the Missouri ri\er in Xorlli Dakota l)e^aii, he went to ^landnn and cstaljli^hed a pa])fr called the ^landan Pioneer, wliich lie disposeil of within a year or two, and devoted himself to the real estate hnsiness for a short time, subsequently going to St. l^onis, where he was married to 31iss Ivatherine Lenehan, later removing to Tacoma, as above stated.

Mr. Gove is descended from ancestry who were among the very earliest settlers in New Kngland. He is a son of the late Royal II. Gove, long a prominent lawyer of Minnesota.

Since c(jming to this city lie lias lut n piniiiinently identified with its business life, ami is well known in the title business throughout the northwest. ^Ir. Gove is also a director of the Puget Sound Hank iS: Trust Company, and has various interests in this city and state. He is a member of the Commercial Club, Union Cliiii and a number of other social organizations. He has always iiianiiested a i)ublic-S])irited devotion to all interests for the u|)iiuil{ling of Tacoma.

IIAUm I), cow LKS.

IIair\- 1). Cowli's, vice president of the Hunt ik Mottet Hardware Company, occupying a prominent jjosition in whole- sale circles of Tacoma, was born in Itocluster, Minnesota, in Se])teniber, 18(i!>. a son of A. B. and Katharine Cowles. The father was iiorn at Painted Post, Xew York, and later removed to Rochcstt'i'. Minnesota, with 1m\ |)ar(iits, tlnTc piirsuiiiL;- bis education in the public schools, in 18()1 he entered the Inioii armv and served until the close of the war. after which he beeaini' a resident of Chicago, where he rcuiaincd until 187'J. \vlien he came to the noithwest, settling at Oiynipia. \Yashington. There he eiigaued as ebici' clerk in the oHicc of the United States surveyor general, acting in that ea])acity most accijitably to the time of his death, which occurred in 11)11.

Harrv I). Cowles was but four years of age at the time of the iiiiioval of llic l'amil\- from Chicago to this slate. lie at- t( iiilcil the public schools nl' Olyinpia. eoiniileting his course with the liist class that was gradua.tcd from the high school of that city in 1888. He afterward occujiicd a clerical i)osition in the office of the United States sur\eyor general and si ill later in the

^30 HISTORY OF TACOMA

United States land otRce, there remaining until 1896. He after- ward resigned ami formed a partnership with George G. ]Mills under the fiiun name of Mills & Cowles for the conduct of a general retail hardware business, in which he was engaged until 1904, when he sold his interest and removed to Tacoma. Here he formed a partnership with jNIr. Reynolds and they purchased the business of the Washington Hardware Company, which they incorporated, JNIr. Cowles becoming jjresident with ]Mr. Rey- nolds as secretary and treasurer of the company. In 1906 they consolidated their interests with those of the Hunt & jNIottet ComiJanj^, wholesale hardware dealers, and of this companj' ]Mr. Cowles has since been the vice president. He is thus actively associated with the commercial interests of the city and is dis- jjlaying marked executive force and ability in controlling the interests of the house. His identification with the hardware trade covers twenty years, of which period twelve years has been passed in Tacoma.

In September, 1912, in Lynn, Massachusetts, Mr. Cowles was united in marriage to JMiss Alice Blaney. They are members of the EjDiscopal church and Mr. Cowles gives his political allegi- ance to the republican party. He is also well known in ^Masonic circles, having taken the degrees of the York Rite and of the Mystic Shrine. He is likewise an Elk and he belongs to the Commercial Club and to the Tacoma Country Club.

HERBERT HUNT.

Herbert Hunt was born in Coatsville, Hendricks county, Indiana, April 17. 1869. His jjarents were Dr. Tilghman and Amanda (Harvey) Himt. Dr. Hunt practiced medicine in Coatsville for more than forty years, building up a practice that extended over five counties. Herbert Hunt was the eldest of eleven children, eight of whom are living. After passing through the common schools of Coatsville he entered DePauw University, in Greencastle, Indiana, and was graduated in 1891 and immedi- ately entei-ed newspaper work in Chicago, which he gave up in order to return to the university and take a course in law. He then became connected with a newspaper in South Bend, Indiana, leaving it to join the staff of the Indianapolis Sun. In 1893 he became telegraph and then city editor of the Baltimore World

HEKUERT ULXT

IIISTOHV OF TACO.MA 433

and tin next year rcliinicd to the Sun, where he reinainecl until r.»()(), when lie went to Kverett, Washington, as editor ol' The Evening Record (now the .Moining Tribune). In 190.3 he became eoiuiected with tiie Taconia Daily News in an editorial eapaeity. lie is a member of the C'oniuiereial and I ■ni\ersitv Clubs. A])ril -2,5, 18!)-i, he married -Miss l.ueile .Marshall in Jndianapolis, Indiana. She is the daughter of Mi. and Mrs. George Ji. Marshall. .Mr. Marshall is now commander of Custer Post, G. A. 1{., in Tacoma. .Mr. and Mrs. Hunt have four children, Marshall, Katharine, Louise and Herbert, Jr.

\\II.I.1.\.M (;. IIKLT,AK.

W illiam (t. Ilellar. of 'I'aconia. lias many iiii|)<)r-tant business interests, being connected with a Miiinlier of real estate and i)ank- ing concerns and also being engaged in the brokerage business. He was born on the 24-th of November, 18()(), in Mount Morris, Illinois, a son of Martin and Ann (Xeweomer) Hellai-. both, natives (if Maryland. The lather was a miller for a number of years but after riiii()\ ing to Kansas in 187(> engaged in stock laising in Kansas, Indian Territory. Texas and New jMc.xieo. He passed away on the tUl of Uccember, 1912, and bis wife died in 1871.

William (;. Hellar received his eduealiim in the jaiblic schools of Wichita, Kansas. Following his graduation from high school he entered the Kansas .State Bank at AVichita as clerk a?id i-cmaincd with that institution for four vears. T.atcr be ( iigaged in the real estate business at l''(irt Smith, iVrkansas, lor a time and mi leasing that place be went to Los Angeles, California, hoping that bis health would be benefited b\- the ehange of climate.

In 1888 Mr. Hellar returned In T'lut .Smilh and Inrned bis attention lo the booK: and slatmiK ia' busiiu'ss, Iml in \o\ciiiber of that year sold his store and removed to Tacoma, arriving here on the Kith of December, 1888. He accepted a tem])oi'arv jiosi- tion as bookkeeper in the I'aeitie National Hank and was for a short lime in charge of .Stewart iV Master.son's Bank at Puval- bip. On llic -JSIli of March. ISS!). he cnlcr((l llic emploN- of I,. I'. 'i"bom|)soii and C. H. l-'rench anil established for them a bank at Slaughter, now ^Vul)iirn, of which he became cashier.

434 HISTORY OF TxVCOMA

The fuUowiiig June, he Avas offered the position of assistant cashier of the Traders Bank of Taconia, which he accepted, remaining with that institution until it closed in 1894<. In 1891, he was honored by election as manager of the Tacoma Clearing House and he retained that important position until 189.5.

After the Traders Bank of Taconia went out of existence, he opened an office in the Berlin building and engaged in the broker- age business, with which he is still connected under the name of Hellar, Lyon & Company. The offices of this concern are now at 607 National Realty Building. He is also iJresident of the Traders Trust Company of Tacoma; secretary and treasurer of the Washington Realty Company; j^resident of the Coast Realty Company; secretary of the French Drug Company; secretary of the Chamber of Commerce Building Company: and also a director and a member of the executi\e committee of the National Bank of Tacoma and a director and vice president of the Tacoma Savings Bank and Trust Company and is intrusted with various other trnsteesliips. ]Mr. Hellar is a safe expert and many refrac- tory combinations have yielded to his manipulation.

Mr. Hellar was married on the 1.5tli of October, 189.5, to ]Miss Bertha Helen Peck, a daughter of the late J. W. Peck, aaIio was the first representative on the coast of the ^Merchant's Despatch Company. He died in January. 191.3, and his wife passed away in 1909. iNIr. and 3Irs. Hellar have two children: Dorothy Phillips, nineteen years of age, who lias just completed a course at the JNIisses Shipley's School at Bryn JNIawr. Pennsylvania; and William (irant. Jr.. fourteen years of age, a public school student.

Mr. Hellar has supported the republican party since becom- ing of age. He belongs to the Union CIul) of which he was president for three years and of which he has been a trustee for the better part of twenty years and is active in its affairs as a member of the house committee. He also belongs to the Tacoma Country and Golf Club, of which he is vice jiresident, trustee and chairman of the house committee, and spends the greater part of his spare time in playing golf, thus secxu-ing the recreation which is so essential to the man who desires to maintain his physical health and highest efficiency. He also belongs to the Commer- cial Club and his advice is sought in connection with the plans of that organization for tlie development of the city. He spends the summer months with his family at his cottage at the Country Club and his citv residence is at 407 North D street. He is one

IllSTOJ{V ()!• TxVCOMA -135

ol' tlic must active incn of tlie city, and his career indicates what may lie aceomplislud uliere energy and eiiterjirise are gnided liy sDiind judnnirnl ;is \\v was practically tiiijit\ -handed when he ani\ed in Taeoina.

AHCIIIILVLI) W . FHV

xViehihald \\ . I'ly. who is manager ol' the J'>(|nitahle Savings & Loan Association dl' Tacoma, is making an excellent record in tlial caiiacity and has the I'l'll cdiilidc nee of all of llu' oilicers of the coinj)any. lie was horn in (hdario. Canada, on the lOth of Fehrnary. 187H, of the mariiage of William (). and Ann .1. Fry. hoth natives of Ireland and both now residents of Toronto. The father has reached the advanced age of eighty-five years, and the mother is eighty-three years old. hnt they are hoth active and interested in all the events of the day.

Aicliihald W. Fry received his general education in Canada and Ml! s(((iKntly \\ as for I'oui' years in the em])loy ol' tlii' Caiia- diaii go\ t'lnnunt. hnlding a diaindud (liill m mines. On se\er- ing that connection in I'.IOI- In- came west and took a husiness conrse in the Northwestern Husiness College at Sjjokane. as he wished to Ht himself for a husiness career. He .secured a position ill a Spokane dry goods store and remained there for four years, during which time he ro.se rai)idly. heeoming assistant department manager. On lea\ ing that store he went to Montana as a repre- .sentative of (irant .Smith & Company, with whom he was con- nected for a year. lie then went to Portland and in 1 '.l 1 0 entind the iiiiplnv of the l''.(iuitahle Savings \ Loan Association as dis- trict manager. .Since l-'ehruary, 1911, he has resided at Tacoma and has so ahly directed the interests entrusted to him that the husiness of the company has shown a steady growth. The J<j(iiii- tahle was estahlished in 1890 and the concern is ranked among the leading Iiusiness enterprises along that line in the noithwest. with assets over three million three hundred thousand dollars, and seeiu'ities over .seven million dollars. The oliieers of the eoni- l)any are as follows: Charles K. Ladd. of Portland. ])resid(ril: Theodoif 1?. Wilcox, of I'ortland. \ ice president: ivlwanl Cookingham. ol' Portland, second vice jircsidi'iit : 1''. .McKercher, secretary: and .M. .^I. .lolmson and C. W . IIayhui-sl. assistant sec- retaries. H. .M. Cake is attorncv and in addition to the oHicers

4^6 HISTORY OF TACOMA

tlie directory are Richard R. Hoge, S. 31. Clears and Walter INIacky.

jMr. Fry was married at Spokane on the 18th of October, 1911, to jNIiss Beulah ^Nlay Butler, a native of Kansas, and they have a son, AVilliani Archibald, who was liorn in Taconia on the 20th of August, 191.5. Mr. Fry is independent in the exercise of his right of franchise and keeps well informed as to the issues of the day. His ability as a business man is conceded by all who have come in contact with him and his salient personal qualities are such that he has gained the warm friendship of many.

ELMER DOVER.

Elmer Dover, president of the Tacoma Gas Company, be- longs to that class of citizens who have won the proud American title of a self-made man. He stood before the door of opportu- nity demanding admission and he has ever realized that indefati- gable industry, merit and ability are indispensable concomitants of success. His life record had its beginning on the 14th of April, 1873, his birthplace being ]McConnelsville, Ohio. The family to which he belongs has been represented on the American continent through six generations, and there were six of the name who served loyally in support of the cause of independence at tlie time of the Revolutionary wai-. The family comes of English an- cestry. The i)aternal grandfather was John Dover, a native of Pennsylvania, and it was in AVheeling, AVest Virginia, that the birth of his son, John W. Dover, the father of Elmer Dover, occurred. He became a resident of ]McConnelsville, Ohio, where he very successfully carried on merchandising. He has taken a very active and prominent part in shaping and controlling the policy of his city and in promoting ])ul)lic progress in other ways. In fact, he is regarded as one of the leading men of his state in connection with political and civic matters. For the past twenty-five years he has l)een active in office in [McConnelsvilie, serving for several terms as a meml)er of the city council and also as a member of the school board. He was likewise a member of the board of the Ohio Reformatory at Mansfield, having been appointed to that position by the governor. He married Frances Winn, a native of Ohio, and a daughter of Abner AVinn, who was

HISTOHV OF TACOMA 437

of Ciciiiiaii descent, alllidu^li tlic ramily was early establislied in America.

I'-IiiK-r Dover is the eldest of a family of five living- children, three daughters and two sons. He was educated in the [julilic schools of McConnelsville, Ohio, and started out in l)usiness life at the age of fourteen years in connection with newspajjcr work. When sixteen years of age he was editor and manager of the INIcConnelsville Herald, and for eight years he devoted his atten- tion to journalism in Akron and in Portsmouth. Ohio. In 18!)() he tilled the position of clerk in the Repuhlican national commit- tee headquarters in Chicago and in 1897 he became private secre- tary to Senator ^Marcus A. Hanna. continuing in that position of responsil)ility, honor and trust iintil the hitter's death in 1004. He was appointed secretary of the Uepul)lican national commit- tee and in 1004 was elected to that otHce and re-elected in 1008^ I)ul resigned in 1900. These connections have i)rougiit him into personal relationship with the mo.st distinguished statesmen and ])olitical leaders ol" the age, hut he withdrew i'rom ])olitical circles to hecome an active factor in business life of the northwisl.

In 1910 Mr. Dover arrived in Porllaml. Oirndn. wluic he reriiainrd I'm a year, being comiected with H. .M. Hyliesby tSc Company as manager ol' ])ublic utilities. In 1011 he arrived in Tacoma as Pacilie coast manager, having in charge utility prop- erties in Idaho. .Montana. Oregon, Washington and California. His interests are of the broadest scope, and he is accounted one of the foremost business men of the northwest. He is now presi- dent of the Tacoma Gas Company, the Olympia Gas Com])any and the Everett (ias Company, is president of the Oregon I'ower Com|)any, and several other comjjanies operating in Washington and the west. He Is also ])resi<l(iit ol' llu- Idalio and Montana Power Com|)any. operating in .Montana, in Washington and in Oregon, and is vice president of tiie Western States Cias & Klec- tric Company. opei-ating in Calil'oinia. He is vice president of tile San Diego (ias Company, o])erating in California, and is vice president and Pacific coast manager for H. M. Hyliesby & Comjianv. These interests biing him into close eonniction with the |)ui)lic utilities of the entire Pacilie coast, and he disi)lays a spirit of marked enterprise in handling and controlling interests which largely affect the general welfare of society. He has not- able business discernment and the faculty for discriminating leadily l)etween the essential and the non-essential.

.Mr. Dover was married .Januarv 2H, 1898, in Portsmnntli,

^38 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Ohio, to Miss Martha Peebles, a native of tliat state and a daugh- ter of John and Sally (Tewksbury) Peebles, who were early and prominent settlers of Ohio. They occupy a very beautiful home at Xo. 824 North Yakima street in Tacoma.

]Mr. Dover gives his political allegiance to the I{ei)ublican party. He is of the Presbyterian faith, and has membership in the New York Avenue Presbyterian church in Washington, D. C. He belongs to the Union, Commercial, Country and Golf, Ro- tarj', Temiis, Ad and Automobile Clubs of Tacoma and besides his local connections is identified with the Arling'ton Club of Portland, the National Press Club of Washhigton, D. C, the Lawyers' Club of Xew York City, the Railway, the Republican and the Ohio clubs, all of Xew York City, and several other prominent organizations in Washington and Chicago. AVhile a resident of Tacoma his activities and interests have been too wide to name him as a man of a locality. He is preeminently an Amer- ican citizen, imbued with the spirit which actuates this country in its development and upbuilding. He has come in close touch Avith many of its leaders and his opinions have carried weight in councils where questions of grave import have been considered. His record is a notable example of the opportunity that America affords to her sons. Leaving school at the age of sixteen, he started out, actuated by the laudable i)in-i)ose of attaining suc- cess. Each advance step has brought him a broader outlook and wider opjiortunities and along the path of steady progression he has reached the plane of prominence and distinction, his activities covering a broad field in which the i)ublic has been Ijoth a direct and indirect beneficiary.

HOX. STAXTOX WARBURTOX,

• Hon. Stanton Warburton, attorney at law, has gained a position of leadership in a profession in which there is the keen- est competition and in which prominence can be won only by those possessing high ability. He has long been a student of public affairs, and for eight years he was a member of the state senate and in 1910 was honored bj' election to the lower house of congress, serving in that body for two years.

]Mr. Warburton was born in Sullivan county. Pennsylvania, April 13, 1865, a son of James Warburton, who was born in

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W'ailimtdii. i'iiinlaiul, in .Viigu^t, IS'J'.t. and was Id'oiiylit by liis ])aitiits (() tlif I'liilfd Stall's in IH'.i'I. Tlic I'aiiiily lioiiic was establislied in Sullivan iduiity. IViiiisylvaiiia. and there he received his education in the puitlic schools. On reaching' mature years he enya^ed in larniinn' and in 18()8 he removed to Chero- kee, Iowa, where he continued to follow agricultural pursuits until his demise in 1007. He was married in Sidlivan ctiunty, Pennsyl\ ania, to Miss Sarah Bedford, and lluy liccanic the ])ai'- ents of twelve children.

Stanton \\'arhurton attended the schools ol' Cherokee and after <)raduatin<'' from the hi^h school in 1884 l)ccame a student in Cue College at Cedar Rapids. Iowa, from wiiicli he was gradu- ated in June, 1888, with the degree of liachelor of Science. Not long afterward he removed to Taconia and began reading law in the otfice of Judson, Sharstine <Sc Sullivan. In May, 188!). he was admitted to the bar and at once began practice, continuing .tIdik' until l'.t()3, when he formed a jjartnership with .lolin Hoyle, the firm name being Boyle (Js: ^Varburton. In 1!)1() he was chosen to repi-esenl iiis district in congress and I'or two years concen- trated his enei'gies u])on his duties as iti)resentative. making a ereditalilc record. He lirst l)i-eaine wtll known in slale politics in 18'.)(;. wlien be was tlie only republican in the state elected lo the senate. He was reelected in 1 !)()(). During the eight years that he was a member of the upper house he gained nuicb inllu- ence in tiiat body and performed valuable work. One ol' his most important congressional acts was the introduction of a ])lan to establish a system of interstate highways which should be sixteen feet wide, connecting every state capital with each other and with the capital of the Fnited States. The cajjitals were used as basic points Ihi'ougii wliicli the I'oads must pass, al'ti'r wiiich the system was planned to take in all cities of over one linndrcd Iboiisaml l)o|)uIation ami all the chief sca))orts and at tiie same time ariange the routes so that they would run in the dii'ection of the general movement of commerce and travel with the least possible mile- age; also it was provided that the loutes between ])oints named must l)e located so as to ])ass thiough all cities of over three thou- sand wiiere it would not cause a dexiation of over twelve \kv cent, 'i'lu- liill also provided for branch roads to every city of a po|;ulati<:n of twiiit}' thousand providing tin- city can lie I'caclicd by fifty miles of roadway, and in case this could not be done pro- vided that the government sboidd build tifty miles provided the city or state would build the additional mileage. His investiga-

^42 HISTORY OF TACO^MA

tions showed that only about a half dozen cities in the United States of twenty thousand population or more could not be reached without the city or municipality constructing any mile- age. Two-thirds of the two hundred and thirty cities with a pop- ulation between twenty and one hundred thousand are on the main trunk highways and everj- city of over one hundred, thousand is on a main trunk highway, together with every capital and every seaport of the United States over twenty thousand. Thus over two-thirds of the people of the country would reside on one of the highways or within ten miles of one. The actual mileage necessary to be constructed under the proposed bill would be eight- een thousand miles or less, including branch lines. ]Mr. Warbur- ton's bill proposed that the fund for the work l)e raised by ajDproximately restoring the internal revenue tax of 1879 on tobacco and set aside the additional income from that source as a national road fund. The law of 1879 fixed the same tax on all grades of cigars. The bill proposed that the tax should be in proportion to the value of the cigars and the additional tax so jjrovided would amoimt to about sixty million dollars a year. If the proposed roads should cost fifteen thousand dollars a mile, the roads would be paitl for in about five years. The tobacco tax is not one-fourth of what it was during the war, having been re- duced in 1873, 1879 and 1883 because the government was getting more revenue than it was using. ^Moreover, the increased tax on a single cigar woidd be so slight that the consumers would not know that there Mas any difference.

INIr. Warburton was married in Garner, Iowa, in September, 1890, to ^Nliss Iris Brockway, and they have become the parents of three children: Leota, who is now the wife of E. E. Xiccolls, of Tacoma; ]Maude, who attended the Annie Wright Seminarj^ and is now at home; and Stanton, sixteen years of age, who is a high school student.

jNIr. Warburton belongs to the Commercial Club, the Tacoma Country and Golf Club, the Union Club, the Lochburn and Lakewood Golf Clubs, and the Tacoma Yacht Club. He is also identified with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and the Fraternal Order of Eagles. Some years ago he acquired one lot on the southeast corner of Broadway and Eleventh streets and built there the Warburton block, which has grown into what probably is the most profitable pro])erty in Tacoma. At the expi- ration of his term in congress ]\Ir. Warburton resumed the prac- tice of law, but he takes only such cases as particularly interest

IIISTOKV OF TACO.MA 443

liiiii. His siicfcss ill tlic practice lias hccii due lai<^ely t<t the intensive study which he devotes to liis cases, a fact which, his fellow attorneys say. makes liiiii a (lan<>erous anta/fonist in a lawsuit. lie has been a steady and willing- eontriliulor lo diureii and puhlic movements.

.T. W. IJ.WVT.IXCS. I). 1). S.

Dr. .1. W. l{;i\\ lilies, of 'racoma. whose practice is limited lo ortlioddiitia, was l)oiii in New Harmony, Indiana. .Iiiiic it. IH()8, and came to Taeoma in 1888. He entered the dental department oC the University of Pennsylvania In IHOf! and was graduated therefrom in 181)9. In January, l'.)()i, lie retui-ned to Taeoma, where he has since been engaged in active j)ractiee.

In I '.>():{ Dr. Rawlings was married to Miss Jenm'e M. Hell, of Taeoma, and to them have been born five children: ^Marj^aret, Florence. James, Mary Klizabetii and Jose])h.

Dr. Itawlings received a post-<>radnate de^yree frnm (hr dental departiniiit of Xorthwestern I'niversity of Chicago in I'.H)!) and is a graduate of tlu- Dewey School of Ortliodnntia of the class of litl.'i. He belongs to the Taeoma Commercial Club and to the Taeoma Golf and Countrv Club.

I'KAMv L. .sroc Ki.xc;.

Frank L. Stocking was born Aiigiisl 1 1, IH.")."). at Torrington, Ciiiiiiccticiit. His |);ii(iits wvvr S;iniiirl .liidd St<ickiiig and .Mary Louise b'ellows. In direct line of descent lie traces his ancestry liack to (ieorge Stocking of Suffolk. Kngland. who wa.s the first and the only one of the name known to have emigrated to America, (ieorge Stocking was a Dissenter and member of the party of Uev. Thomas Hooker whicli landed in IJoston in Ki.'^.'J. In !(!.■{(). still a member of the Hev. Thomas Hooker part v. be was one of the original founders of Hartford. Connecticut.

I-'rank L. Stocking received a common school i-dueatioii in bis home town and was graduated from Kastm;iirs Miisiness College at Poiigbkeei)sie. New 'N'ork. in 187). That same year he went to Jacksonville. Florida, and entered the jiostoflicc service, whicii

444 HISTORY OF TACOMA

was the beginning of what has proved to be his life work. In March, 1891, he arrived in Taconia and was for a time with the Northern Pacific Railroad Company and the ^Merchants National Bank, leaving the last named to enter the local office Jnne 1, 1891, as assistant jjostmaster under J. D. Hogue, a posi- tion whicli he heki through the tei-m of A. B. Case. He was also with O. B. Hayden until he was a])pointed assistant director general of posts for tlie Philippines in 1899. his ])ractical knowl- edge of detail postotHce work and experience of years being con- sidered as fully qualifying him to assist in establishing the United States jjostal system in the Philippines. On July 1, 1899, he was commissioned postmaster at ^Manila, being the tirst Ameri- can postmaster for that office. He served in this office until December 'Jl, 1901. when he resigned and returned to Taconia. On April 10, 190.J. when H. L. Votaw became jjostmaster ]Mr. Stocking returned to the position of assistant postmaster, which position he lield until the death of JNIr. Votaw December 9, 1910. when he was chosen by the bondsmen of Mr. Votaw as acting postmaster. On April 1, 1911, he assumed the duties of post- master on appointment by President ^V. H. Taft and held the office until March 10. 191.).

W. FRANK ANDREWS.

The International Stevedore Comi;)any. Avhich is capitalized for $;52.5.000 and employs aljout one thousand men, is one of the largest concerns in its line in the northwest and ojierates in a number of the most important cities of this section. As its vice president, W. Frank Andrews has a large influence in business circles in Taconia and in successfully managing its aflr'airs he has displayed executive ability of an unusual order, the power of thinking in large and the faculty for recognizing opportm\ities which others fail to see.

W. Frank Andrews was born in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, on the 30th of October, 18.59, and remained at home until he was fifteen years of age, during which time he acquired a connnon school education. He then went to sea and for a number of years followed a seafaring life. He rose rapidly and at length became captain and in the com-se of his voyages visited Tacoma at seven different times, first in 1891. Each visit to the city strengthened

HlSTOin OF TACOMA 4^5

lu\ liist iiiipicssidii that it was destined to be one of tlie iin|)ortant liusiiiess and iiuhi.strial irnters of the northwest and in l!>0o, while in Japan, lie made arrangements lor identifying himselt' with its hnsiness interests. ^Veeordingly, when he next reached this city, he left the sea and sent his vessel i)aek to Kngland nnder another captain. In Febrnary, ll)()(i, the International Steve- dore Company was organized with James S. Gibson, president; A\'. 1'. Andrews, vice president; F. A. Qnigle, of Seattle, secre- tary, and Xeal liegley, of Seattle, treasurer. The company has l)ranclKs at Seattle, Port Townsend, ^'ictoria and N'ancoiiver, and is thi lidhhtiL;- ciiiiipaiiy of MeCalk' «.V I laniilloii. the N'ictoria & Vaneonxtr Stevedore Company and tlie Washington Steve- dore C()Mi|)any. It is ca])itali/,ed for five iiundred and tueiity- tive thousand dollars and employs in all al)out one thousand men, two hundred and fifty being employed in Tacoma. During many months of the jiast year the payroll amounted to between four and six thousand dollars. Tiie com])any has the best e(|uipment for loading and discharging vessels on the Pacific coast and as a result of its facilities I'or (juick and etlicient work is accorded an iiiiiiK iisi- hnsiness. They have pnwii- wins in excry warihonse in Seattle and Taconia and. nioi'cox fi". all of the- w iring is in conduit, which necessitated a large ex])cnditurc of money l)ut wiiich adds greatly to the safety of the warehouses. .Vmong its other ccjuip- ment the company has twenty-two electric belt conveyors which have proved very efficient in handling freight. In addition to the large business done in loading and unlf)ading vessels the company does a great deal of repair work, niaini^aining re])air sbo])s in Tacoma and other cities.

.Mr. .\ndi'e\\ s was mai'ricd in 18'.>0in l'],ngland to Miss Ilaltic Utley. lie is a rtpulijican in his political belief and supi)orts the candidates and nicasui-cs of that pai'ty at the polls i)ut has never been an otlice seeker. He holds membership in Lcl)anon Lodge, Xo. 104, A. F. & A. ^r., of Tacoma, in the Tacoma Aulomobile Club and the Tacoma ^'acht Club, of which he is a charici' mem- ber. His active interest in the exi)ansion of Tacoma's business interests is indicated by the fact that he is a charter member of the Hotai-y and Commercial Clubs and no project of either organi/a- tion for the advancement of tin- city lacks his hearty cooperation. For H\e years he was commander of four <li\ isions of the Xaval Militia, one at Seattle, two at Tacoma and one at Aberdeen. 'I'hc four divisions are |)rovid((l with three training ships, the (Joldsboroiiiih. the Vick.sl)urg ami the torpedo Ixjat Fox. He

^^6 HISTORY OF TACOMA

was well fitted by his many years of experience at sea for his work as commander, and his services were highly satisfactory to all concerned. There was much regret when he resigned on the 1st of December. 191.5. Since becoming a resident of the north- west he has thoroughly identified his interests with those of this section of the country and has had an influential part in its development along many lines of activity.

J. FRANK HICKEY.

J. Frank Hickey, of Tacoma, who is engaged in business under the style of the J. F. Hickey ]Motor Car Company, has the agency for the White automobile for the territory covering Pierce, Lewis, Chehalis, Thurston and Pacific counties, Washing- ton, and his business has increased steadily from the start. He is also the head of the Tacoma Transit Com})any, which operates a line of motor busses throughout the Puyallup valley. His office and garage is at Xo. 812-1-4 A street and his is the leading busi- ness of the kind in the Pacific northwest. He is at the head of the INIountain Transportation Company, which operates motor cars in and tlirough the Rainier National Park: and is at the head of the White Truck Logging Comjiany, organized to clear land and handle logs.

^Ir. Hickey was born on the 21st of September, 1870, in Chicago, Illinois, a son of ]Maurice J. and Catherine (Burke) Hickey, further mention of whom is made elsewhere in this work. He received his early education in the ])ul)lic schools of Chi- cago and was later a student in the University of California from IDOO until 1D04, taking both a general literary course and a course in mechanical engineering. After leaving college he Ijecame locomotive engineer for the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, which position he held for al)out ten years.

In 1910 INIr. Hickey severed his connection with that corpora- tion and went into the automobile business in Tacoma, organizing and incorporating the Tacoma Transit Company in the fall of 191."}. This ctmcern was formed to operate a line of motor busses throughout the Puyallup valley and was the first venture of the kind in the northwest. INIr. Hickey has since served as president of the comiJany and to him is due much of the credit for its suc- cess. Under the name of the J. F. Hickey JNIotor Car Company

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J. FRANK HICKEV

HISTORY OF TACOMA 44!)

lu- Ikis ;i laiiii- ;iii(l wtll apimiiitril <rarayc at Xo. 8rJ-814 A street and alMi dms an (.xteiisivt- linsitu'ss as agent I'dr tlic White ,\nto- im>l)ile MaiiiilactiiriM<^- Company of Cleveland. He represents tiiat eoinpany throniihont Hve eonnties in Washintiton and altlu)u<4ii he liej^an linsiness on a smkiI! seale now has tlie largest single ageiiey for inolor trueks and high grade pUasnre cars in the northwest. IK- was the j)i\)iuer dealer in motor ttiiciss in Taeonia. his roiesigiit enabling him to reeogni/e the opportunity for tile use of motor ears in heavy hauling. Tiie same keen insight into eoiiditions and progressive spirit have ehai'aetei-i/.ed him tlironglioiil his liusiness career and he has always been in llie lead in tlie automobile business in Tacoma.

Mr. Hiekey casts his ballot in support of the men and measures whieh he believes will promote the best interests of all the people Imt lias never taken an active part in pul)lie affairs, as his business requires his undivided attention. He is identitied with the lienevolent Protective Order of Klks, the Knights of Colunilius. and the Conunereial Club. He resides with iiis motiur at \o. <>1!» South K street and is one of the best known of tiie yomiger business men of tiic c'ity. \nt only is his mai-ked aiiiiity \\ idcly reeogni/ed, but he is also popular personally, as his salient I'liaiaelei'isties arc such as iin'ai'iab]\- win esteem and iTgard.

WILLIAM II. IIICKKK.

AVilliam II. Ilicker is a well known street grading contrac- tor, maintaining offices at No. 1002 North Ainsworth street, and he has done a large share of the work in that line in the city. He was I)orn on the 1.5th day of May. 18(iL in Fulton County. Ohio, a son of Daniel II. Ilieker. who was born in Xew \'oi'k and is iKiw living retired al \o. lOifT Xorth Steele .street, Tacoma. lie came to Tacoma in IHSIt and li;is tliordughly identified his inter- ests with those of the city. lie was foiinerly a carpenter and contractor and met with gratifying success in that connection. accumulating a com|)etence. At the time of the Civil war he enlisted in the Federal army and served at the fVont until a short time before the surrender of (ieneral Lee.

In ]8.j() he married Margaret Powers, a daughter of Whit Powers, and to them were liorn two children: Mrs. ^'iola Os- wald, residing in ()liio, and William II., of this review. The

450 HISTORY OF TACOMA

mother of these children died in 1861. and the father suhsec^uently married Jennie Holloway. who is a native of Ohio and is still living. The children by the second union are: one who died in in- fancy: B. E. Hicker, a resident of Tacoma: ]Minnie, the wife of S. E. McArtor, of ^lill Valley, California: C. E., a grocer of Tacoma; Rae, the wife of A. E. LoUon. of Chehalis, Washing- ton, and H. D., an attorney of San Diego, California.

Williani H. Hicker passed his early days in Kansas, which was then a frontier state. His educational opportunities were limited and the greater part of his time was spent in assisting his father with the Avork of the home jjlace. However, he has be- come a well informed man, as he never ceased to observe careful- ly and to keep in touch with tiie happenings of the day through reading and his long contact with the workaday world has gi\en him a rich store of practical knowledge. He came to Tacoma in 1891 and for a while did whatever he could find to do, contract- ing, teaming, etc., but at length he went into the street grading business, in which he has since continued. He has graded more miles of street than any other man in the business, and his work has been thorough and has stood well the test of time. When he came here there were only a few sti'eets which were graded, l)ut Tacoma now has some of the best high- ways on the Pacific coast and he takes pride in this fact, not only as a citizen, but also because he has been directly concerned with so much of the street work.

JNIr. Hicker was married on the 8th of January. 1889. at Marysville, Kansas, to ^liss 31. E. Clarke, a daughter of Darby and INIary (Gleason) Clarke, both of whom were born in Ire- land. On emigrating to this country they settled in INIassa- chusetts and later removed to Wisconsin, where tlie fatlier en- gaged in farming for some time. Later he removed to Tacoma and passed away in 1908, after having survived his wife for sevei-al years. Mr. and jNIrs. Hicker liave become the parents of six children, five of whom survive, namely: AVinnifred, twenty- six years of age: Jennie, twenty-four years old. who is now a student in the Normal College at Bellingham; Vera, twenty-two years old, who is a high school graduate; JMarie, who is fifteen vears of age and is in school: Anita, who died when nine years of age, and Vivian.

]Mr. Hicker believes in the ])rinciples of the Republican party but usually votes independently at local elections. He is identi- fied Avith the INIaccabees and has many friends Avithin and Avithout

IIISTOHV OF TACOMA ^51

tliat (ir^anizatioii. I'or twenty-five years he has resided in tliis city and lias stcii it dtveidp from a comparatively small t(i\Mi into a nu triiixilitan coiniui rc-ial and indnstrial center.

REUBEN E. liEISS.

Reuheii Ij. Bliss, a well known Ininlicrman of Taeonia. was born on the '24th day of February, 18.5.'J, in Penfield, Pennsyl- vania, a son iif AiiKiM and l-'reelove (Encore) Bliss, natives re- spectively of New \'ork and Massaehnsetts. The Bliss family was established in Uhode Island before the Bevolutionary war and its representatives are still numerous in the eastern states, althou<>h many have emigrated westward. About 1820 iVrnold Bliss and one of his brothers settled in Pennsylvania and both reared large families in that state. Rev. Philli]) P. Bliss, the associate of Dwight E. Moody and Ira D. Sankey, was a cousin of our subject. He lost his life in a railroad accident at Ashta- bula. (Jiiiii. .\ bridge ga\e way undei- lln' train and \\\v car in which he wa>> riding was biu'iied and no trace of his ixxly was ever found. About IHfi.) iVrnold Bliss removed with his family to Iowa, and there he passed his remaining days.

Reuben L. Bliss received his education in the pul)lic schools of Iowa and on beginning his indcjiendent career turned his at- tention to teaching, which ])rofession he followed for two years. lie then went to Minnesota and for several years re])resented the Deering Harvester Company on the road, but in 18!);) he became interested in the lumber l)usincss and acce])ted the posi- tion of manager in a lumberyard at Fergus Falls, ^linnesota, where he remained for about five years. He then removed to De Eamere. North Dakota, where he conducted a retail lumber business and was also connected with tlu' I)e Eamere State liank, holding the position of vice president. In 1!)1() he dis- ])()si(l of his interests there and came to Tacoma, since which time he has been connected with the lumber business here. IE- is employed as an expert tallyman by the Seattle Sawmill COm- ])anv, which owns a large mill in Seattle. He is highly etiieient in the ])erfornianee n\' 1h\ work and has tlu- eomplete eotitidence of his su|)eri()rs.

.Mr. Bliss was married in 1S7I-. in i.iiui (Ountw Iowa, to ]\Iiss Eida (hnreli. a daughter of I)a\ id and Mary Church, na-

i52 HISTORY OF TACOMA

tives of Ohio. Her father was a farmer ))y occupation and gained a gratifying measure of success in that connection. Botli he and his wife passed away many j'ears ago. JNIr. and JMrs. Bliss have a daughter, Ehzabeth, who is now the wife of Cliarles G. Danstrom, deputy state grain insjiector. She and her hus- band make their home with her jjarents.

Mr. Bliss has always supported the candidates of the Demo- cratic party at the polls, but has never sought nor desired office. He is a member of the INIasonic order and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in which he has filled all the chairs and with A\'hich he has been identified foi- more than thirty years. His career has been characterized by industry, sound judgment and trustworthiness, and the success which he has gained is well merited.

CHARLES T. MUEHLENBRUCH.

Charles T. Muehlenbruch, conducting the leading confec- tionery and ice cream establishment in Tacoma, was born in jNIanitowoc, Wisconsin, on the (Jth of Deceml)er, 1804., his jjarents being Gottlieb and Ottilia ^luehlenbruch, who removed with their family to Chicago when their son was a lad of but seven years. There he attended the public schools to the age of twelve years and afterward entered the eni])loy of Bunte Brothers, wholesale confectioners, as an apprentice. Gradually he worked his way upward in that connection, passing through intermediate posi- tions until he became foreman.

In 1891 ]Mr. Muehlenbruch resigned with the object of trying his fortime in the northwest and with his arrival in Tacoma he opened a retail confectioner}' establishment at Xo. 7.53 Tacoma avenue, where he remained only four A^eeks and then removed to 9i53 Tacoma avenue, where he carried on business for four years. On the expiration of that ])eriod he established his business at No. 1111 Tacoma avenue, where he is now engaged in the manu- facture of confectionery and ice cream. In 1906 he bought out the retail business of George Schroeter at No. 917 Broadway and since that time has conducted a store at that place, having there the finest confectionery and ice cream parlor in Tacoma. When he embarked in business on his own account in 1891 his cash capital was but forty-four dollars, but in November, 1915,

I IIAin.KS T. MrKIII.KNUKrcll

II1ST()1{\ 1)1' TACIJ.MA 455

lif iiicorporatfd the l)iisiiic.ss with a capital of ei<>htefn thousand dollars and he is practic-ally sole owner ol" the stock. lie eni])lovs seventeen peoj)le. and his trade is constantly <4i()win<>-. lor the excellence of his |)r(i(hKt has l)et ii his lust advertisement.

In C'hica.yo, in ISS7. Mr-. .Mm hicnhrnch was niaiiit-d [o .Miss llattie .Miller, and they have two childieii: Krna, now the wife of L. L. Ddod, of Tacoina; and Roy, sixteen years of aye, \\\]i> is atUiulinn hi<>ii school.

The religious faith of the family is that of the l.iilheran chnrc-h, and in his |)olitieal helief Mr. Muehlenhrueh is a repuh- lican. J-'raternally he is a Mason, havin-^- taken the degrees of the Scottish Hite and also belonging to the .Shiitu. He is like- wise identified with th( l-'.lks. the Odd Fellows and the .Vneient Order of I 'nited Workmen. .\t piesent he is serving on the house eonnnittee and on the ixtail hurean committee of the (Oni- mereial Club and along strictly recreative and social lints he is connected with the Taconia Country and (iolf C'luh. A desiie to succeed, a spirit willing to attack any business pi-opositi(in in bis line and a i'ead\- adaptability (■(inil)ine(! with ind(taliL;ablc indus- try. ha\e been the salietit forces which have won for him the creditalile place which he now fills as a iepresentali\ e of the eom- niereial interests of Taconia.

ERNEST CATTROX WHEELER, M. 1).

'Dr. P^rnest Cattron Wheeler arrixcd in Tacoma (ni the 1st of December, 100.5. and in the intervening years lias proven his right to rank with the distinguished medical and surgical prac- titioners of the northwest. For several years he was in general Jjracticc. Imt now confines his attention tn Ibc treatment (if dis- eases of the eye, ear, nose and tlii-'iat and has gained (bsllnctiim in this Held.

Dr. Wheeler was born in Manchester, Iowa. .Xoxcmlier 8. 1872. and is of English descent. tb( anc-estral line being traced back to tliree brothel's who. on coming to this eonntrv. settled in New Isngland. His pai'ents are .James .\. and .Mai'v Frsnia (Cattron) Wheeler, natives of \ew \'ork and Indiana respect- ively. In the early '.50s the former accompanied his j)arents to Iowa, at which time Asa Wheeler, tln' grand fallKr of our sub- ject, became identified witli fai'ining interests. James A.

-156 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Wheeler afterward became a special travelin(>; passenger agent for the Illinois Central Uailroad Company, which he thus repre- sented for a ({uarter of a century. In 190G he became a resident of Tacoma, where he is now living retired. He is a Civil war veteran, having served as a private of the Forty-first Iowa Vol- unteer Infantry. His wife, a native of Indiana, is a daughter of William Cattron, a representative of one of the early families of that state of German descent. She still survives and lives with her mother, jMrs. Judith Catti'on, who at the age of ninety- two years, retains both her physical and mental faculties largely unimpaired.

Dr. Wheeler is the only child of James A. and jNIary U. Wheeler and in the public and high schools of ^Manchester, Iowa, he jjursued liis education until he completed a course by gradu- ation with the class of 1890. He then attended Cornell College in jNIount Vernon, Iowa, and won the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1894, while the honorary ^Master of Arts degree was con- ferred upon him by his alma mater in 189(). A\'^ith broad liter- ary learning to serve as the foundation upon which to build the superstructure of professional knowledge, he took up the study of medicine in the Chicago Homeopathic Medical College and was graduated in 1897. He next entered Rush Medical College, the medical department of Chicago University, and completed his course in 1899. From 1897 until 1899 he served as an interne in the Cook County Hospital and following his graduation from Rush ])e began j^ractice as assistant to Dr. I. X. Wear, surgeon for the Northern Pacific and the Chicago, ^Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad Companies. He practiced in Fargo, Xorth Dakota, for six years and l)ecame a member of the County jNIedical So- <"iety and was secretary of the State Medical Society.

The ojjportunities of the northwest, however, attracted him and on the 1st of December, 190.5, Dr. Wheeler arrived in Ta- coma. Here he immediately entered upon active practice, in which he was engaged until January, 1911. On the 2.5th of that month he met with a serious automobile accident and later he and his wife went abroad. While in the old world he took post- graduate work on the eye, ear, nose and throat in all of the great European hosi)itals, including those of Austria, Germany, Eng- land, France and Switzerland. In 1912 he returned to his native country and in St. Pavd, INIinnesota, he entered into partnership with Dr. H. A. Beaudoux, a distinguished specialist in the treat- ment of diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat, with whom he

IIISTOUY OF TALU.MA Vol

spent two yt-ars. He then retiinu'd to Tacojua. He is secretary of tlie Pierce County -Medical Society and a member ol' llie Washington State ^ledical Association and tlie ^Vmerican Med- ical Association.

In 1S!>7. in Hampton, Iowa, I^r. Wheeler was married to Mi.s>. Anita I'nnU, a native of Illinois and a daughter of ]<L. M. and Sarah (Maynard) Funk, liotli of whom are living in 1 l;iiii|itiin. Idwa. Tin- two ehihh-cii hiii-ii of this marriage are: Anita Merry, horn in Fargo, North Dakota. .Iiiin 1(1, li)()(). and Maynard C'attron, horn in I''arg<>, March •_' I . I'.IO.'}. Mrs. ANhcekT is a memlier ol' the .Si. Cecilia C'hih, a musical oruani/a- tion. and is active in church and chaiitalile work. Hoth l)i'. and Mrs. Wheeler iiold membership in the Immanuel Presby- terian church and he further exemplifies in his life the benef- icent spirit npon which the ^lasonic fraternity rests. lie was made a Mason in Iowa and now has afKliation with both tlie ^'ork and .Scottish Rites in Taconia, while of Afifi Temple of the Mystic Shrine he is a life meml)er. lie also Ixlongs to the benevolent and Protective Order of Klks and he is the first presicknt of the reorganized Taeoma Commercial Club and Chami)ei- ol' Coninicrce. He has memln rsliip in the Universitj' Chill (if Taeoma and in the Taeoma Countr\- and (Joif Club.

WIFLIA.M A. WHIT.MA.X.

William A. Whitman, who served the city as councilman two terms 1!)()4 to l'.>()8 — was born in 'i"ania(|ua. IVrinsyl- vam'a. 11 is pannts. Augustus and Maria W'hilman. changed the family rcsidcncr in ISTO to l)an\illc. PcinisvK ania. II<' at- tended the public schools there until lilteen ycai's of age, when the family moved to Kansas City, ^Missouri, where he served several firms as accoimtant and estimator of general millwork.

In ISitl. after making two trips through old Mexico, he be- came connected witli the Missouri Lumber and Mining Com- pany of (irandin. Missouri, and continued with this com])anv until IS'.tS. when he came west, locating in Taeoma, Washington, and aectpting tin- position of local sales manager. This position he resigned in IS'.i'.i, having organized the ()lym|)ia Shingle Company at Porter, \\'ashington. which was o|)eratcd until li)01. mIicu he again became connected with the Taeoma .Mill

458 HISTOKY OF TACOMA

Company, continuing until lUlG. louring this time he organized the Kanaskat Lmnber k Shingle Company, with whicli company he is still connected. In 1916 he organized the \Vest Waterway Lumber Company, with himself as pi'esident and manager, and he erected a modern sawmill in Seattle with facilities for ship- jjing its product by car or vessel.

JNlr. Whitman was married in Po^dar Bluff, Missouri, April 12, 1894, to j\Iiss Emma Lucretia Freeman. They have one son, Mortimer A., who is now nineteen years of age and is a student in the University of Washington, having completed the high school course in 1914.

In public affairs ^Ir. Whitman has always taken a lively in- terest. He indorses the policies of the Repidilican party. Dm-- ing his membershiiJ in the city council he did active Avork in bettering the city's moral conditions as also in furthering public improvements. Two jjrojects — the Hylebos Waterway and Hylebos Dyking Districts — now being constructed, received much of his attention. He is a member of the ^Masonic bodies: Tacoma ChaiJter. No. 4, R. A. ]M.; Conmiandery No. 2, K. T.; Afifi Temple, A. A. O. X. ]M. S., and he also belongs to the Modern Woodmen of America. For six years he served as trustee of the ^Masonic Temjjle Association and for two terms was a trustee of the Tacoma Commercial Club.

EDWARD A. RICH. M. D.

Dr. Edward A. Rich is engaged in the active practice of his profession in Tacoma and his high standing is indicated in the fact that he lias been honored with the presidency of the Pierce County ^ledical Society, with the vice jjresidency of the Wash- ington State ^Medical Society and with the position of secretary and treasurer of the North Pacific Surgical Association. He has specialized in the field of orthopedic surgery, being well qualified for this branch of the profession by study in Europe as well as by private reading and investigation. The years attest his devel- oping 2:)owers in this field, in which he has gained much more than local eminence.

Dr. Rich is a native of Saginaw, ^Michigan. Pie was born August 19. 1876, of the marriage to William T. and ]Marie Louise (de jMars) Rich, both of whom were natives of Canada.

IIISTCJUV Ul- TACU.MA -15!)

The ])at(.'in:il uraiulfatlu r, Kdwai'd Iticli. who was of English nativity, went tu Canada about 1812, settling- in the City of Lon- don, where lie spent his remaining- days as a successful nianul'ac- turer. The father established his lionie in Saginaw, ^lichiiian, about 18.)() and for many years was a prominent journalist of that state and of ^Minnesota, but is now living retired. His wife was born in Eastern Canada and was of French descent. She died in 1882, at the age of thirty-four years, leaving a daughter and a son, the former, Deborah Lucy, being the wife of Charles K. Collett. an attorney ol' Sidney. Montana.

Dr. Kiel), the only son, pursued his education in the jjublie and high schools of St. Paul, ^Minnesota, and in Ilamline L^ni- versily ol' that cit}', where he won his Bachelor of Arts degree with the class of 1897. He afterward entered the Jefferson 31cdical College of I'hiladelphia and his professional degree was conferred upon him at his graduation in 1!)()1. His theoretical training was then put to the practical test by service as interne in tlie .Jetterson Medical Hospital of that city, where he gained inucli valiiabje practical experience. Later he removed to Brig- liaiii. I 'tab. wiieie lie remained for five years and during that period was mai'ried. He afterward went abroad for further study in tlie I 'ni\ ersity of Berlin, in which he spent two years and was an assistant to Professor Albert HoU'a, professor of ortho- pedic surgery in tliat institution and recognized as one of tlie eminent surgeons of (Germany.

On tlie 1st of February. I'.tOH. l)i-. IJidi letnriud to the new world and made his way to Tacoma, opening ofKces in this eit\- and in Portland. He was a pioneer in the field of orthopedic surgery in the northwest and his ability in that direction has gained him distinction that has made him well known not only in the Puget Sound conritry. but to a large extent over the west. The I'ortland otlice is in charge ol' l)i-. Charles 1^ McClure, a graduate of the Cincinnati College of Medicine, who I'ollowing his graduation became assistant to Dr. Albert Freil)erg, a noted orthopedic surgeon of Cincinnati. Dniing his residence in t'tah Dr. Hich served as ronnly pliysieian of Hoxchkr connlw Since coming to Tacoma be has concentrated his ell'orts upon his spi-cialty and has l)econic a reeogni/ed authoi'it\' on e\er\"thing I'clating to ])e(liati'ics and ortho|H(lie sni'gei'\".

On the 1st ol' .Fannary. I'.lOd. in St. I'ani. Dr. Hich was married to Miss l^tbelwyn Innis, a daughter of Professor and Mrs. (icorge S. Innis, tlie former for thirty-five years professor

460 HISTORY OF TACOMA

of history in Haniliiie University. The three children of this marriage are: Edward de JNIars, born in Taconia, August 3, 1910; Richard Innis, born October 7, 1914, and Natlianiel, born June 8, 1916. The family residence is at No. 2701 North Junett street and is one of the attractive and hospitable homes of the city.

Dr. Rich maintains an independent attitude in regard to polit- ical affairs, voting according to the dictates of his judgment and the exigencies of the case. For some time the health department of the city was in a deplorable condition, but on the 9th of ^lay, 1916, Mayor Fawcett appointed Dr. Rich commissioner of health with authority to make any needed changes and the latter has since given much time without compensation to the health work of the city, bringing it to a state of proficiency. He secured the establishment of a central station for the inspection of milk, and meat is also carefully inspected. Dr. Rich has enlisted the aid of a corjis of other physicians as helpers and the city health depart- ment is now cared for better than ever before. He was made a iNIason when in Corinne, Utah, and has become identified with the chapter and the commandery in Tacoma. He also belongs to the Elks' lodge, to the Royal Arcanum and to the Commercial Club and his religious faith is evidenced in his membership in the First JNIethodist church, of which he is one of the deacons and a most active and helpful clun-ch worker. His life is actuated by high and honorable principles and has been characterized by the utmost devotion and fidelity to the duties which have devolved upon him. Realizing fully the resj^onsibilities which are his in connection with his professional work, he has availed liimself of every opportunity to advance his knowledge and promote his skill and his ability has brought to him a growing practice which now extends over Oregon, AVashington and the northwest, including a considerable section of western Canada.

ELWELL H. HOVT.

Elwell H. Hoyt, president of the Crown Drug Company, is known not only as a capable and successful business man, but also as an enterprising citizen, who for two years served as presi- dent of the Twelfth Avenue Improvement Club and has been a I^rominent factor in military circles in the state. He was born

KI.WKI.I. H. \[n\T

HISTORV Oi' TACUMA 463

in .J(.'s.su|). Iowa. St-ptfiiilifr 11. 187!l. a son of C'liarlc-s and Barl)ara K. lloyt, wlm in the year IHH') Icl't llic .Missis>,i|)|)i valley for the I'aeifie eoast and became residents of I'ortlanii. Oregon, where KIw rll II. Iloyt atttiided tlu' |)nl)lic and hi,nli scliouls until lie reached tiie a^e of twelve years. Kre enlerinf^i' upon his teens his father died and he made his initial step in the business world, securing- a position in the drug store of Love & Jiushong', with whom he remained until IS'.tS. llnis receiving' bis |)reliminary training in the line of business in which he is now engaged. In the year of the Spanish-American Avar be enlisted for service in the Oreg(,)n >»ational Ciuard as a memiier of IJattery A, of the Held artillery, and was assigned to duty at ^"ancouver barracks. Returning to Porlbiml he intcicd the di-ug store of Woodward & Clark, projjrietors of one of the largest establishments of the kind in the world. He remained in charge of their prescription dei)artment until March, lOOO, when he resigned and came to Taconia, accepting a clerkship in the store of W'altei' St. .Inlm. lie leiiiaincd in that position until the fall of the same year when he became associated with the I''rench Diug C'om])any as bead clerk, thus continuing until 190G when he established the drug and prescription department in Rhodes Brothers Dc paitnunt store, remaining as manager for two years. Upon the death of Mr. -Satterlee, president of the Crown Diug Company, -Mr. Iloyt succeeded him in the otfice, having been a stockholder of the com])any for several years. In li)()8 he rcorgani/ed the busi- ness and has since continued as president, with George A. Todd as secretary and treasin'er. They are general wholesalers, manu- facturers and retailers of drugs, and their business has assumed extensive and gratii'ying proportions, being now one of tiie lead- ing establishments of tin's character in the state.

On the i-'Ttb of .June. liiOO, in Vaneou\er, \Vashington, Mr. Iloyt was married to Miss Nellie I)op])s, a teacher in the Viin- couver schools, and to them have been born four childien: Kvelyn li., .Marjorie K., Esther IJ.. and Kleanor M. .Mr. Iloyt is iden- tified with several organizations which indicate tlie trend of bis interests and his loyalty in ])ublic all'airs. lie l)elongs to the 'J'acom;i Commercial Club and Chamlur of Commei'ci'. tlic W'oodiiKii ol the W'oild. the National Cnion, Taconia Lodge, \o. •_'•->. A. F. .V .\. M.. V'uIa Cbai)ter. ( ). K. S., of which he is p;i^t patron, the Patriotic Ordtr of the .Sons <A' .\meriea. and the .Spanish War \'eterans. He was instrmnenlai in organizing a batter\- of field artillerv and was selected its first lieutenant.

464 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Later the command was organized as a company of the I'oiu-th Coast Artillery. He is identitied with the 31ethodist church and was active in securing the new Young ^Nlen's Christian Associa- tion building. For five years Mr. Hoyt has beSn a member of the Tacoma school board and is now its vice president. He was the organizer and for two years — 1909 and 1910 — Avas presi- dent of the Twelfth Avenue Improvement Club, which organiza- tion has been instrumental in promoting many public improve- ments in that section of the city. In a word he stands for all that is worth while in the life of the individual and of the com- nmnity, never content to choose the second best but working always for the adoption of high standards. His life has been beneficial in the breadth and nature of his interests and while winning advancement and success in business he has, at the same time, made his work of worth to the city of his adoption.

JOHN WALDO SXOKE, M. D.

Dr. John Waldo Snoke. one of the leading specialists in mental and nervous diseases in the Pacific northwest, maintains oflfices in Tacoma, where he has a large practice, and he is also superintendent of the Puget Sound Sanitarium at Puyallup. He was born in Princeton, Indiana, on the 13th of ]March. 1878, a son of Adam J. Snoke, whose birth occurred in Ohio. At the time of the Civil war the father went to the defense of the Union, and his record as a soldier was highly creditable. In 1890 he removed to the northwest and located in Seattle, where he re- mained for about fifteen years. At the time of his death, which occurred in 1900 Avhen he Avas sixty-eight years of age. lie was superintendent of the public schools of Puyallup. He married Klla ^Valdo, a native of Xew York, who is still living at Puyal- lup and is now sixty-three years old.

Dr. John W. Snoke received the greater part of his general education in Seattle and remained there after the removal of the family to Puyallup. At the time of the Spanish- American war he was employed in a drug store, but he put aside all per- sonal considerations and enlisted in the First Washington Vol- unteer Infantry, remaining with that command until it was mus- tered out in 1899. He again turned his attention to the drug business, but after two years decided to prepare for the medical

HISTORY OF TACOMA 465

profession and entered the Cooper Medieal College at San Fran- cisco, from wliicli he was graduated in r.tO.j with tlie degree of .M. 1). For six years thereafter lie was assistant siiperintendent of the asyl\nn in Steilacooni and after leaving that instituticjn he oj)ened otfiees in Taeonia. where he has since practiced as a specialist in mental and nervous diseases. He has also Ijcen super- intendent for four years of the Puget Sound Sanitarium al I'liyalhi]), of which lie is the sole owner. The iiistilnlidii is pleasantly locvited anil well e(|uii)|)e(l and the treatment given there has proved very etHcient. Dr. Snoke holds memhcrship in the Pierce Countv JNledical Societv, in the Washington Slate ^Medical Societ\- and in the ^American ^ledical Association, and tiirough these connections and through constant private study he keeps fully ahreast of the developments in the treatment of nervous diseases.

Dr. Snoke was married in 1900 to Miss Ilelcne Nielsen, who was horn in San Francisco, and to their union have been i)orn the following children: Albert W.. whose birth occurred at Fort Steilacooni on the I'Jth of .July. I'.tOT. and Jean liai-bara. born Septemlier '27, 1!>1.). at l*uyalhip, where the faniilv home is now iiiainlaincd. The (ioetoi- sii|)|)nits the llepulilican |)ai-ty. liul has never taken an active part in |)(ilitics. lie lielongs to Omega I'psilon Phi. a college fraternity, and also to Steilacooni Lodge, \o. '2. A. ]■'. iV A. .M. He has the contidence alike of the general public and ol' his professional colleagues, and personally he is popular.

HON. rH.\D HUSTOX.

lion. Tiia<l Iliisloii, who was serving I'oi- the second term as judge of the sui)erior court r)f I'icrce county when death called him. .FuiK "J k r.MIT. \\as a man whose lil'c- ri-eord would liave Iteen a credit to any commnnity and his life work a \ alualile asset. His dominant (|ualities weie such as everywhere command confi- dence and regard and the liigii ideals to which he held oft times constituted an example that others followed.

Mr. Huston eame to the I'acific coast rr<im Sak-m. Indiana, his birth having occurivd in Washington county, that state, April 1.5. 18 Mi. He is a descendant of one of the old colonial families of Pennsvlvania. settlement having been made bv the American

466 HISTOKY OF TACOMA

IM-ogenitors of the Hustons in JNlitHin county, Pennsylvania, in 1680. It was in that state that Alexander Huston was born dur- ing the latter halt' of the eighteenth century, but as early as 1805 he became a resident of Kentucky, where he braved the hardshij)s and trials of pioneer life in order to establish a home. He lived in Kentucky for eight years and then went to Indiana, which was also a frontier region. He settled upon a tract of land in the southern part of the state about 1813, when Indiana was still under territorial government, and from that time forward he took an active and helpful part in foi'ming the development and shap- ing the history of the state. He was elected a member of the first Indiana legislature, which assembled at Corydon, and he remained the incumbent in that office until the capital was re- moved to Indiana])olis in 182.j. also serving as a member of the first session held in the present capital.

His son, William Alexander Huston, was born near Xew Philadelphia, ^^'ashington county, Indiana, in August, 1814, and resf)lving to take up the practice of medicine as a life Avork, he earned funds that enabled him to pursue his studies in the Louis- ville INIedical College. Later he practiced for some years in Indiana and in 1852 removed to Macomb, Illinois, where he fol- lowed his profession until after the inaugin-ation of hostilities between the north and the south. Offering his services to his country, he was commissioned surgeon of the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry and in that connection rendered valuable aid tt) the Union until he suc- cumbed to the stress and strain which was placed upon his own health, passing away at ]Mem])his, Tennessee, in June, 1804'. In early manhood at Salem, Indiana, he had married Sara Thomp- son, a daughter of James Thompson of that place, and they be- came the parents of six children. ]Mrs. Huston long survived her husband and passed away .Inly 9. 1903.

Thad Huston was but a young lad when his parents removed to Macomb, McDonough county, Illinois, and was a youth of fifteen at the outbreak of the Civil war. On the 2d of jMay, 1804, he enlisted in the one hundred day service and with his father's regiment went to the front, but on the 21st of August of that year, scarcely fom- months after his enlistment, he sustained a gunshot wound in the knee in an engagement near ^Mempliis. From the effects of this injury he never fully recovered. He was honorably discharged at Springfield. Illinois, in October. 1804, and returned to his home in jNIacomb. When his wound had

IIlSTOliV OF TACOMA ^(i-

sufficiently lieak-d lie taught school near that city. l)nrin<4 the siiininer of 18(;(J he was connected with the fi-cedniens hureau and a^ enntiact steward of the hospital at \'ieksi)ury.

ill the fall of that year Mr. Huston reluined to Maeonii). Illinois, antl soon afterward entered upon the study of law, hein^' admitted to the bar at Macomb, ^larch 2, 18()8. As his health had become seriously impaired, necessitatiii<>' outdoor work of some kind, he went t<i Chicago and accepted the position of city buyer with a wholesale <>rocery firm. He afterward rctiuned to Salem. Indiana, and formed a ])artnershii) with his brother-in- law, Samuel \'oyles, who at that time was ])rosecutin<>' attorney of Washinii'ton eounl\. Indiana. 'I'liniiii'h tlu following' four- teen years he piaetieed his profession in Salem and during that ])eriod was a recogni/.ed leader of the rei)ubliean party in liis state. lie served as a delegate to the famous republican conven- tion in Chicago in 1880, when the "immortal ."JOfi" made the great fight to elect (ieiieral (irant for a tliird term. Imt unsuccessfully, the convention giving the nomination to .lames A. (iarfield.

It was in 1887 that Mr. Huston, attracted by the op])orluni- tics of the noi'thwest, came to the I'uget Sound counti'y and estalilislied his home in Taeonia. after which he remained con- tinuously a menilier of the i)ar of this city until his demise. His ability won almost immediate recognition and he was a])pointed master in chancery for the I'nitcd States circuit court for the western district of Washington. He acceptably served in that capacity until 1!)00. when he was elected .judge of the superior court of Pierce county. He was reelected on the iepui)liean ticket in 1!)04 and remained upon the bench until his demise, w iiieh occurred June '24, 1!)()7. His record as a representative ol' llu judiciary was one which reflected honoi- and credit upon the state that honored him.

On the 2()th of .Tunc, 1!M)0. .Judge Huston was united in mar- riage in Tacoma to Miss Rose L. Kenrich, who came- to Taeoma in 18'.»2 and taught school for eight years. Their attraetixe home became the center of a cultured social eircK- and they were <'ver eagerly welcomed whcrevei- true worth and i?ilelligenee were re- ceixed as the passports into good society. .Judge Hiislon was a member of tin- .Mililaiv Ordei- of the Loyal Legion and of Ijie (iraiid Arni\- of tin- i{(puiilic. lie alleiidcd llic MillnKJisl Kpiscojjal eliurcli and guiiled his lll'e iiy liic highest moral stand- ards. Those who knew him attested tin- fact that he would have been a credit to any conmiunity. He was thoroughly alive to the

468 HISTORY OF TACOMA

best interests of his adopted city and he worked toward liij>li civic as Avell as personal ideals. Over his entire career there falls no shadow of wrong. He was never contented with second best but ever strove to reach the highest standards and there were in his life record those elements which continue as an influencing factor for good in the lives of all with whom he came in contact.

PHILIP B. SWEARINGEN, M. D.

D]-. Philip B. Swearingen, physician and surgeon, entered u])on the study of medicine at the age of twenty-two years, and since 1887 has been continuously engaged in practice, being actuated throughout this period by high standards of professional sei'vice that have brought him to the front rank in his chosen calling. He was born in Van Buren, Arkansas, November 13, 18(')"i. and was the seventh of nine sons, in a family of eleven chil- dren, whose parents were Samuel and Sally (Cox) Swearingen. The founder of the family in America was Gerrit Van Schueren- gen, who originally came to Amei'ica frf)m Amsterdam, Holland, in IG.5'2. He afterward returned to France and married a lady of that country, Barbara Bardette. Returning to the new world, he secured a large tract of land, on which South Baltimore, Maryland, has since been built. He had three sons, one of whom went to Pennsylvania, another to South Carolina, while the third remained in ^laryland, and it is from the ^Maryland branch of the family that Dr. Swearingen is descended. One of the descendants of the Pennsylvania branch of the family was Captain James Swearingen, who established Fort Dearborn upon the present site of the city of Chicago. Di-. Swearingen's father, a native of Maryland, l)ecame a resident of Van Buren, Arkansas, in the early '.50s and there remained for about two years, after wliich he crossed the plains to California, traveling with a caravan of mules. The trip was a hazardous one and nine months had passed before the party reached their destination, during which time they lost much of their live stock and were occasionally almost famished for water as they traveled over the long hot stretches of sand that constitute the great American desert. After reach- ing California JMr. Swearingen engaged in prospecting and mining and was very successful. He continued a resident of Eldorado countv, California, for two and a half years and then

1

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DK. I'll I I.I I- H. S\VKAI{IN(!i:\

HISTOin OF TACOMA -tTi

ntnriHil Id Arkansas, ulnic- lie iniiaiiRil until liis (kalli. wliicli ocTurrcd in \'an Hurt-n, that state, in 1871. "lun lie was (il'ty- tlHTf years ol' a^yc. I Ic was a lilacksnillli liy I radc ami a lanii I mil nianul'aclnrtr. His wit'i.', a nati\f (if Ktnlufky, was a daniihtcr ol" Hnrrcll Cox. nicnil)er of an old South Carolina faniily. the hattU of Cowpens durinj^' tlu- Kfvolutionarv war hciny t'ouyht u|)iin llicii- plantation. M r's. Swcariii^L'n |)asscd ;iwa\ at \'an JJurcn. .Arkansas, in 18!>4. at the age of sixty-nine years.

Dr. Swearingen at the usual age heeanie a ])U])il in the ])uhlie sehools of his native eity. ])assing through eonseculixc grades to tilt,- high school and also i-fci'i\ ing instrnetioii I'ron: private teachers. When twcnty-hvn years ol' age he entered ii|ion llie .study of medicine and completed a course in the medical depart- ment of what is now Washington University at St. Louis, Missouri. Prior to that time he had engaged in teaching in the distriel anil |iulilic schools of Crawford eountv and N'an Hnrt'n, ^\i-kansas. hut he regarded this merely as an initial step to other ])rofessional lahor and entered upon ])reparation for medical ])ractice. He won his degree in 1SK7 and returned to his native city, whci'c he opened an ollice and remained in genci-al i)raetiee for ti\e years. lie then passed Ihe ei\il service examination and was ajjpoiiitid hy the I 'nitcd .States government as physician on the l*uyalinp Indian reservation. Acc-ordingly he came to AVashington, settling at the Puyallnp Indian School on llie .'Jlst of .Inly. 1S!»2. lie was in the goxcrmiicnt scr\ ice there until August, 189.). and then accepted a position as local surgeon for the Xorthern Paeitie Itailway. lie continued in hoth ])ositions for two years and was located in South Taconia hut icsigned his oflici' in the government ser\ice in 1897 and since that time has engaged in Ihe general jiractiee of medicine and surger\- and at the present time remains as surgeon with the Xorthern Pacific ]{ailway. He is likewise surgeon for the Carsten Packing Com- ])any and the St. Paul & Tacoma Iaiml)er Company. His J)rofessional aln'lity is pronounced, and he has done much im|)ort- ant work in his chosen tii Id of lahor. He i)elongs to ihe Pierce County Medical .Societx. of which Ik has served as iioth vice president and secretary, and he also has memhership in the \N'ashinL;ton .State .'ind .\meric;ni .Medical Associations.

On the ('.111 of .June. 1888. at Evans\ llie. Indiana, l)i-. Swear- ingen was mai-ried to .Miss Lefitia l?cale. a native of Indiana and a daughter of William and Julia ( Prosky ) Heale, representatives of an old PeniLsylvania family, hoth now deceased. Dr. and

472 HISTORY OF TACO^MA

IMrs. Swearingeii liave two children: Florence E.. born in Van Buren, Arkansas; and ^lary F., born in South Taconia. For years the family residence has been maintained at G012 South Union street, which property is owned by Dr. Swearingcn.

The family attend the South Taeoma Preslnterian church, in which the doctor and his wife hold membership, and he belongs to Clover Lodge, Xo. 91, F. & A. ]M., having been made a Mason m Taeoma in 1903. He is also a memlier of the University Club. He possesses a social, genial nature, which finds expression in his membershii) in these organizations, and his salient qualities are such as make for popularity among his patients and his many friends in this ])art of the state.

ROBERT WALKER.

One of the important names in the construction business is that of Robert AValkei', who has had the contract for erecting many of the princij^al buildings and tine homes of Taeoma. He is president and general manager of the Wilkeson Sandstone Quarry Com])any, Incorporated, and general manager of the Walker Cut Stone Company. He was born on the Gth of No- vember, 1852, in western England and is a son of John and INIary (Webb) Walker. The father was a musician and jiassed his entire life in England, where the mother also died.

Robert Walker served an apprenticeship in Bristol, which is the oldest city in that section of England, and still has his ap- prentice papers to the stone trade, issued October 1, 1877. In 1882 he came to America and, making his way to ^Minneapolis, found emjiloyment with the H. Chalker Stone Company of that city. He also worked in St. Paul for a time, but later removed successively to Omaha, Nebraska, and Marysville, Kansas, but at length returned to Minneapolis and formed a partnership Avith H. Stock under the name of Stock & Walker. This firm secured a contract for the stone erection of the postottice at Ash- land, Wisconsin, and while they were working on that job leased their jjlant in ^Minneaijolis, which was destroyed by fire during their absence with a total loss, as the lessee had no insin-ance. However, the fii-m continued in business and not long afterward secured the stone contract for the postoffice at Sioux City, Iowa. They received seventy thousand dollars for their work on that

HISTORY OF TACOMA iT.i

l)uil(liii^ and laltr wvw ,L>i\c-ii a fiiiitrai't I'<m' tin- armory of tlic State L'nivcrsity ol M iiiiK->nta. Wlicii tliat l)iiil(liii<>' was coiii- |)k'ti,'(l Mr. Walker was uft'eied the position as iiiaiia<>er at the eiit stone plant ol' C". W. Baheoek tV C"oni])any at Kasota, Minne- sota, and on the "iOth of .July, 18'.)(). took up his dnlies in that eapaeity. He remained with that firm I'or eleven years, whieh is prooi" ol" the satisfaetoriness of his services. In .lanuary, 11)07, he eanie to the Pacific coast on a visit with no intention of locatin<4' here. However, he was very much pleased with con- ditions and while in Tacoina he and T. S. \Vi4cox took an option on tlic plant now owned hy the Walker Cut Slonc Company, lncori)orated. They took possession of the place in March, 1007, and not loni^' afterward secured the contract for the First C"onj>regational church, Bnllard (^ Hill, architects. The firm at once took its place as one of the leading concerns in the construc- tion field in 'I'aeoma and it has had the stone contracts for a lar^e number of impoi'tant liuildinii's, inchidini'' the follo\vin<;: The \'oung Glen's Christian Association l)uildin(>', the Lincoln I'ark hij^h school, the Central school, the Oakland school, the I'erkins. Taeoma and Crane Iniildiniis, St. Leo's school, St. .Iose])irs lios])ital. the Taconia Cieneral Hospital and the Chester Tliorne mansion on ^Vmerican lake. The comi)any also did the stoiH- work on a lesidencc at .Seattle, all of the stone being cut and finished at Taeoma, and it has also .secund many other impor- tant contraets in Seattle. The firm now has nniKr construction the Kverett postoflice, the .Aberdeen postoflice and the Feny mu- seum and the Historical Society i)uilding at Taeoma. When the Lincoln high school l)uilding was being erected in the fall of 111 1 2 the com])any i)nreliasi-d the quarries at Wilkeson, which had be( n pre\ ionsly controlled by Seattle parties. Mr. Walkei' .Mid his associates have done much to develop this i)roperty and have (.ailed attention to the superiority of the stone (juarried there. The governmiiit supervising architect for the Everett postoflice made a careful study of the .stone from the \N'ilkeson ipiarries and of stone Irom \arious eastirn (|uanies and his re- port to the government was to the cfl'cct that the Wilkeson stone surpassed all other quarried in the United States for the erection of laruc buildings and recommended that it be used in the con- struction of the Everett postoffice. The conq)any of which Mr. Walker is the president is known as the Wilkeson Sandstone (•^nan\ Compan\. I ncori)oi'ated. and deals in sawed stone, build- inn' stone, np lap and paving iilocks. Aiionl tilty men ai'e cm-

^T4 HISTORY OF TACOMA

])loye(l and the l)iisiness has grown so rapidly that it is probable that the force will soon be increased. ]Mr. Walker is also general manager of the Walker Cut Stone Conii)any, which is likewise incorporated. The most ujj-to-date machinery is used in the quarry and stone yards and the latest methods are employed in working witli the stone. The paving blocks from the \\'ilkeson quarries have been in great demand in Tacoma and Seattle and have proved of the highest (|uality.

Mr. \\^alker was married in Minneapolis to 3Iiss Emily Stock, daughter of James Stock, of that city. To this union have been born five children, of whom four survive, namely: Kittie P.. who has completed her education and is at home; ^Villiam J., twenty-five years of age, who is secretary and treas- urer of the AVilkeson Sandstone Quarry Company; Robert G., twenty-three years old. who is foreman with the Walker Cut Stone Company, and Leona, a high school student.

Mr. Walker has always been a Republican in politics and has taken the interest of a good citizen in public affairs, although his extensive private interests have precluded his seeking oftice. He belongs to the Masons, the Elks, the Knights of Pythias and the Woodmen of the World, and his religious faith is indicated by his membership in the First Baptist church. The Commer- cial and Rotary clubs find in him an active member and he en- dorses heartily their plans for the business expansion of the city. He has not only gained marked individual success, but he has also had a part in the industrial development of Tacoma, and he ])elieves thoroughly that the future holds in store stdl greater things for the city.

ROBERT McCULLOUGH.

Robert INIcCullough is prominently identified with the indus- trial-and transportation interests of Tacoma as president of the Tacoma Pile Driving & Construction Conijiany and secretary of the Tacoma Tug& liarge Company and tlie prosperous condition of these two concerns is due largely to his initiative, enterprise and sound judgment. He was born in Glasgow. Scotland, in April. 1863, a son of John and ^Margaret ]McCullo\igli. He attended the public schools of Glasgow until he was seven years old. when he removed to Belfast, Ireland, where he continued

H()|{i;i{T M(( ri,i,()i(;ii

HISTORY OF TACO.MA 477

Ills cdiaatioii until \\v was I'oiirtfcii vearsold. IK- tlicii ciitrauvd as apprentice in the niaeliine shop of a shipyard and after reniain- in<i' tiiere toi- six years heeanie inaeliiiiist with Ilarhind \ Woll's, slii|)hniidei-s. I'or uliimi he wnrkc-d for six years. At the viu\ n! tiiat time he eniiMraled to tiie I'nited States, loeatin-^- at San l-'raneiseo. w heri' he was a niaehinist witli the I'nion lr(<n Works for a year. At tlu- end of that time, 188S, he came to Taconui and for some time \\v was a marine engineer, being; employed on various lioats plying on the Sound, the last of wliieh was The I'avorite. which he purchased in 1890. In that year he estab- lished the Tacoma Tug \- Harge C"om])any in i)artnershi|) with M. (;. Hiickley. This association was niainlaincd until 1804, wlirn Captain T. S. Biu'ley bought out Mv. IJucklev's interest. The Taeoma Tug & liarge Company ha\ e l)uilt four lowing steamers, namely: the l-'airtield in 18!»8: the Fearless, 11)00; the l"ai((in. lOO-J: an<l (lu Fawn. 1910, all of which they are still operating. In ]'.)] I tluy changed the tug Favorite from a steam to a gas boat and it is still rmniing on the .Sound. Since thev ha\c lui II in business they have built the following l)arges. all of which thiy nvv operating save one: Tacoma Tug iV Marge C'liiiipanx . Harge Xo. I. built in I'.tOO: IJarge No. 1 I. built in 1900, •sold in 1902; liargc No. 111. built in 1901: Harge \o. i \'. built in 190.); liarge Xo. V. built in 190<;; Hai-ge Xo. \'l, built in 190(i; Barge Xo. VII. built in 1911; Harge Xo. NT 11. built in 1!)09; Harge X'o. IX. built in 1909. They also operate four scows, which they purchased in 1H98, namely, Stevenson Xos. 21 and 3, the Sunllowci- and the \'iolet. The Taeoma Pile Driving & Con- struction Com])any, of which Mr. ^MeCullough is also president," have had cf)ntracts I'or iiii|)(irtaiit work along the line of ])ile driv- ing, bridge and w barf building and ow n I wo ])ilcdi-i\ crs. Among f)ther structures they have erected two wharves for the S|Kiry l-"lour .Mills, the I'acitic- Cf)ast coal dock, the Commercial dock, the .Standard Oil dock and the lumber dock for the Chicago, 31ilwau- kec\ St. Paul Pailroad.

In Hclfast. Ircl.ind. .Mi-. McCullough w.-is united in mar- riage lo .Miss Isabel Watson and they have had m'ne children: John, deceased; .Mrs. Fucinda .Margaret Ilai'tman. of 'I'aconia; Mrs. Selina \Vatson Suiter, also of Tacoma: Sophia Watson, who was graduated from the .\nme Wright .Seminary: \\';dler Ilcibert. who is twenty-one years of age and is assistant manager of the Tacoma Tug iV Barge Company: Albert Fdward. dc-

478 HISTOKV OF TACOMA

ceased; All)erta Isabella, who has also jiassed away; JMildred Bernice, who is a high school student: and Robert James, who is attending the public schools.

jNIr. McCullough casts his ballot in sujjport of the candidates and measures of the republican party, believing that its policies are founded upon soimd principles of government. He belongs to both the York and Scottish Rite JNIasonic bodies, is a Noble of the ^Mystic Shrine, is a life member of the Elks and is likewise identified with the Loyal Order of ]Moose. He also belongs to the Commercial Chib and supports heartily its plans and projects for the development of the city along business, industrial and civic lines.

BURTOX E. LEMLEY, D. D. S.

Dr. Burton E. Lemley, a well known dentist of Tacoma, with office at r22.5 Fidelity building, was born in the western jjart of New York on the "23d of July, 18G.5. His parents were Leonard W. and Laura E. (Durkee) Lemley, the former of German descent and the latter of Scotch-Irish lineage. The Durkee family was established in New England among the first settlers of that region and is still numerous there. Re^jresent- atives of the name, however, have emigrated to various parts of the west and in the early days of U^tah territory one of its gov- ernors was a member of that family. He was one of the found- ers of what is known as the Durkee ^Millions. ]Mrs. Lemley passed away in 1902. and her husband died on the 11th of Feb- ruary, 191.5. He was one of a family of six and in his youth learned the carriage and wagon maker's trade, which he followed throughout his life. He came to Tacoma about 1902 and was engaged in business here until his demise. He had two sons, the brother of our subject being Melvin B. Lemley, a contractor residing in Tacoma.

Burton E. Lemley attended the grammar and high schools of Lake City, JNlinnesota and later worked for ten years, care- fully saving his earnings with the view of taking a college course. When he had accumulated sufficient money he entered the Ta- coma College of Dental Surgery and after taking a three years* course was graduated in 1899 with the degree of D. D. S. He became associated in practice with Dr. J. R. Goble, of Tacoma,

lliSTOllV Ul' TACU.MA -iT'J

and later bought his jiartiu'i-'s iiitficst. For five years he was located at Xo. 1-201 J'aeifie avenue and for a siniilai- lenuth of time was in the Sherman Clay i)uilding', hut since l)eeeml)cr, r.lll. has maintained an nlliee at \o. rj-J."> l''idelit\- huilding-. lie is thoiduyhiy projiiessivc in his work, keeping- in touch with the most advanced methods of ])i-actice, and he makes a specialty of Dr. Carr's system of py()rrhea-])ro|)hylaxis. lie lias gained a large and irpresentative clientage and stands well in hi^ pto- fession. He is also vice president of the Tacilie Huilding (iS: Loan Association and assistant secretai'y of the I'aeilie .Moit- gage t\: Iintstnient Company. He owns a l)eautiful JKime. which he planned himself, at Xo. t!l.") Xorth Cushman a\enne and is one of the snl)stantial cili/ins of Tacoma.

Dr. Lcmley was married on the 22d of Fel)iuary. 1 !)()(). to Miss Margaret A. Hughes, a daughter of Griffith W. Hughes, a contractor of this city, who has passed away, as has his wife. Dr. and Mis. Lemle\- lia\e two cliildrtii: Lyle I!., tiiirteen years of age, and Margaret Klizaheth, eleven years old.

The doctor is somewhat indejx-ndent in ]iolitics and has never taken an active |)art in i)nl)lic allairs. preferring to concentrate his attenliiin iipun his professional interests. He holds member- ship in the I''irst Methodist Kpisco])al chui-ch, of which he is a trustee, and fraternally he is connected with the Modern Wood- men of America. As a boy he greatly desired to live in the .State of \\'ashingt()n and when his health failed in eai'ly manhood he came til this state, hoping to benefit IVnm the e(|ii;d)le climate. He soon recovered his health here and has since made his home in AVashington. the last twenty years being spent in Taeoma. He has thorouglily identified his interests with those oi' the cit\- and has the greatest faith in its continued growtli and develop- tntiit.

T. H. CL.MSSKX.

T. H. Clausscn, who has long Ixen well known in connect inn \\illi mercantile interests in Tac-oma. I)ting now connected \\illi the Hliodes l{|-(itli(rs" ih |i;i rt mint store, came to this eitv from Hismarck. Xorth Dakota. He has always lived west of the Mississippi and is charactcri/cd by the spirit of enterprise which has been the dominant factor in the u|)building oi' this section of the eonnlrv. He was Ikhii in Hcllcvue, Iowa, in 1870. His

480 HISTORY OF TACOMA

father was at one time an officer in the German army and alter coming to the new world engaged in business in Eellevue, Iowa, where he passed away in 1874.

The son, T. B. Claussen, was for a period connected with commercial interests in St. Paul as a representative of the Powers Dry Goods Company. He afterward removed to Bis- marck, Xorth Dakota, where he owned and conducted a store, and after disposing of liis interests there removed to Tacoma. In 1889 he ojjcned a dry goods store in tlie old Bostwick block at Xinth and C streets, conducting business there until 1892, when lie became merchandise buyer for the Stone, Fisher Com- pany, with wliich has was associated for eighteen years, or until 1910. At the present time he is with the Rhodes Brothers' de- jaartment store.

In Tacoma, ]Mr. Claussen was united in marriage to JMiss Myrtle Misner, a daughter of J. B. Misner, one of the pioneer settlers of this city, and they now have one child, Jeanne, eighteen years of age. ]Mr. Claussen is connected witli tlie Independent Order of Foresters and also belongs to Lebanon Lodge, F. & A. ]M. His political support is given the Democratic party, but he has had neither time nor inclination to seek political office, as his business interests have made full demand upon his energies. In January. 1890. he joined the ^Nlason Rifles and has served success- ively as tirst lieutenant, second lieutenant and captain.

JAMES C. MURPHY

James C. JNIurphy has been connected with newspaper work for many years and is now conducting a very successful whole- sale news business in Tacoma. He represents the Seattle Post- Intelligencer and Times in Tacoma and also the Curtis, Hearst and Munsey publications in Tacoma and southwestern Washing- ton. He was born in Pierce County, Washingfon, on the 4th of August. 1871, of the marriage of Timothy and Catharine ^lur- phy. who were married in Steilacoom, Washington Territory, in 1860.

The father, Timothy Murphy, was lioi-n in County Cork, Ii-eland, whence he emigrated at an early age to the L'nited States. In 18.54 he enlisted in Xew York City and was sent to Washington Territory under the command of General Kautz.

iiis'i'oin' oi" r.\( oMA -1^1

Afkr servinij until IHdl lie rc-ciilistfil in Stiilacdoiii and was sent fast hy the way ol' the Istlinius of I'anaina and tonylit all through the Civil war with the army of the I'otoniae in Company A, Fourth Ignited States Inlantiy. He was mustered out at the close of the Ci\ il war ami ivtnrned to Pierce Comity, Washinji- ton, where he lived until his demise in Tacoma, Ajjril ',H), 181)2.

James C. Mm-pliy is indehted for his education to the pulilic schools of Tacoma, having' I)een a pupil at the Old Tacoma sciiool and iUso a student at the Central school when it opene<i in 1SS;{. After leaving school Mr. .Mui|)liy ran a hus line hetwecn Oid and New Tacoma until the ad\cn'^ of the street car. lie tiien went into tile ci<4ar and tohacco husincss in Old Tacoma, remaining in that husincss until 1807. when he went to San Francisco antl worked on the San l'raii(i>>c(i Chronicle in the circulation ilejiart- ment. When the Curtis Publishing Company aciiuircd the own- ership of the Saturday Evening Post he accc])ted the position as Pacific coast manager, remaining with them until I'.H)."}, when he rt'turiK'd to Tacoma and was circulatiun manager of tiic Tacoma Ledger for four years. lie then resigned to take u]) the husincss of which he is now the owner and in which has has associated with him his son Kustace, now a young man of twenty-one years. 'Slv. Murphy is ])roud of the business he has established and is satisfied with tlic Inisincss that his son expects to make his life work. Mr. Murphy has the distinction of being the first carrier of the Tacoma Daily Ledger when it was estal)lished in Tacoma on the 7tli of ^Vpril. 188.*}. His account when a boy of his wf)rk in di li\ery of the Daily I.,edger is very interesting as follows:

"There were three carritrs of the Ledger whin it made its appeai'ancc as a daily paper .Ios(|)li Houghton. Horace Haker and myself,"" said Mr. Murphy. "1 I'overed the ()ld Town dis- trict: Houghton C .street and .St. Helens avenue, and Haker. Pacific a\ enue and the south side. Tacoma was laid out in llii'ee se])arate sections and as the i)apcr was printed in 'i'acoma proper it was no easv task foi' us to accomplish our morning work. 1 lived with my parents at Old Town and every morning Hougiiton would ride horseback w ilh m\- bundle of papers to North Fourth and Tacoma avenue, 'i'liere was a large hollow stump on a cor- ner lot, now occupied by the (Iriggs residence. Houghton would j)lace the bundle in this stump and I would always get it. We continued this way for more than a year or until the town de- veloped so that additional carriers were rc(|uired to handle llic distribution. Witlmnt the horse the publisher would have ex-

482 HISTORY OF TACOMA

perienced considerable difficulty in supplying his subscribers with their papers in a satisfactory time."

jNIr. ]Mur])hy also recalls what he thinks was one of the greatest advertising stunts ever carried out by a newspaper in those early days. ^Ir. Radebaugh. the owner of the Ledger, hit upon the idea to lower the record held by Xellie Bly, who had circled the globe in the short time of seventy-two days for the New York World. George Francis Train was the person picked to lower JNIiss Ely's record. Taking a westerly course he circled the globe in sixty-seven days, arriving at the Ledger office amid the roar of cannon and the playing of bands and shrieking of whistles, yir. Radebaugh received so many press notices and editorial clippings upon this undertaking that it was impossible to read them all.

Mr. ]Miu-phy was married in Tacoma to ]Miss Josephine ]Mahoney on the 30th of April, 1893, and they have become the parents of two children: Patricia, who is studying vocal under Sergei KUbansky in Xew York City, and Eustace, who is associ- ated in business with his father.

Mr. Murphy is a stanch supporter of the Democratic princi- ples and casts his ballot in support of the candidates of that party. In religious belief he is a Roman Catholic. Through his mem- bership in the Commercial Club he is associated with others who are deejily interested in the business and civic advancement of Tacoma, and the projects of that organization profit by his co- operation. He has a wide acquaintance throughout the city, and his genuine worth is attested by the fact that those who have been most closelv connected with him hold him in the highest esteem.

FREMONT SMITH HARMON.

Heroism does not merely mean facing the enemy's bullets on the battlefield; it is just as often displayed in facing discouraging- circumstances calling forth all the will power, the determination and the optimism of the individual lest he succuml) to discourage- ment, failure and defeat. There is perhaps in this work no history that indicates more clearly the value of strong purpose, persistent effort and honorable dealing than does that of Fremont Smith Harmon, who is today owner of the largest and finest furniture establishment west of the ]Missoin-i river. There were

I'HKMONT S. HAIiMoN

inSTOlO' OF TACOMA 485

no particularly helpliil circuiiistaiices or coiulitioiis in his yoiilli- ful years to givL' liiiii a start tovvai-d I'ainc and I'drtiiiK'.

lie was born July 28, 18.30, at I'lynioutli, Slifljoy<4an county, AN'isconsin, and traces his ancestral history back to Wales through an intervening peri(xl covering ten (jr twelve gemrations. it was in the year Ki.'i? that .John and .Josepli Harmon, natives of that little rock-ril)bed country, determined to sail for ^Vmerica, becoming the founders of the family in the new world i'roni which 1'. S. Harmon is descended. He was a youth of seven years when his parents removed to Sioux City. Iowa, where he attended the ])nl)lie scliools to the age of thirteen. He was a lad iif ten years when the Sioux City Journal began issuing a Sunday edition and at that time he became a newsboy, for he began to sell the i)aper — his route comprising two iiundred and twenty-tive subscribers for the Sunday Journal. That '"the boy is father to the man" finds verification in Mr. Harmon's career, for the enterprise and detei'niination wliieli he dis])laye(l in liuilding up his newspaper route have ciiaracterized in-> entire later career. W'lu ii a youth of thirteen he secured a clerkship in the I'inckney book store of Sioux City at a salary of six dollars per week, working from seven o'clock in tiie morning imtil ten at nigiit and not oidy selling goods behind the counter but also acting as janitor in the stoi'e. He was eni|)Ioyt(i in the I)ook trade for nine years, at the end of which time he tinned to Clii- eago. where he entered the em])loy of the Western News Com- pany. After three yeai's. at the advice oi' the maiuiger of that company, he opened a book and stationery business of his own at Xo. 711 West Madison street, tlicic remaining for two years, after wiiicii he sold out and returned to Sioux City, where he entered the employ of IIum])hrey iV: Sammons. stationers, but soon afterward the news of the o])portunities and advantages of the noi'tliwest iTacbeiJ Iiiiii and tbrouoli llic inllnciicc of Ken McCready he started for tlie I'uget .Sound country in com|)any with John McCready, \. A. McFall and KdKirk. They traveled by stage fi'oni Missoula tf) Helena. Montana, a distance of two Iiundred and fifty miles, and tlic rcin.'iiiider of the trip was made I)y rail.

\Vitli the exception ol' a brief jjcriod of eight months .Mr. Haiinon has continuously remained in Tacoma since he first entered within the gates of the city. He was the ])ossessor of a capital of tlircc liiindicd .■iml lil'ty dollars, but be felt that it was not a judicious time for investments. Niitlui- could he find work

486 HISTORY OF TACOMA

in Tacoiiia and went to Portland, where, after much persuasion, lie was allowed to work for his board. Later he returned to Taconia, which at that period contained no retail furniture estab- lishment. He invested his capital of three hundred and fifty dollars in a store of which Alexantler Parker was owner and became manager of the establishment, \\ hieh was conducted under the style of A. Parker & Company. The business prospered from the beginning l)ut at lengtli the fire fiend destroyed the establishment, leaving the fiiin with an indebtedness of five hundred dollars and some stock which had l)een stored in a small warehouse on the opposite side of the avenue. As ]\lr. Harmon stood viewing the ruins of the store he was approached by ]\Ir. Parker, whose words of encoiu'agement determined JNlr. Harmon to once more start out in business. He was told to collect the outstanding accounts of the firm and that Mr. Parker would add some money which he had in the bank. He found that nine hundred dollars was owing the firm and set resolutely to work to collect this amount, which he accomplished. Adding thereto a few hundred dollars which he borrowed from ]Mr. Parker, he again embarked in the retail furniture business and so closely ajJijlied himself to building up the trade that his profits in the first year amounted to four thousand dollars. He continued to sell furniture at retail for three years and in the meantime closely studied business conditions. He then transferred his efforts to the wholesale field, opening a wholesale establishment at Twenty- first and Dock streets, there enjoying a gratifying trade from 1888 until 1893. In the formei- year he bought out the Tacoma Furniture ^Manufacturing Company and success attended his efforts until the time of the widespread financial panic, when the sales fell off so that the annual income for the year 1894 was but thirty-three thousand dollars. Again Mr. Harmon had to muster every ounce of courage, determination and optimism which he possessed. There were two strenuous years, but in 1895 business seemed to take a more favorable turn and from that year on the trade has constantly grown and developed vmtil today the annual sales of the house of F. S. Harmon & Company aggregate more than one million five hundred thousand dollars. All this repre- sents the closest application and the most unfaltering effort.

With the growth of the business jNIr. Harmon extended his activities by establishing a branch house in Portland in lOOO. Four years later another house Avas established in Spokane and in March, 1909, the Seattle branch of the business was opened.

lllsr()K\ Ol TACO-MA ^«'

Through tlicse four liouses the firm of F. S. Harmon & Comi)aiiy covers all of the L'liited States west of Denver and nortli ol' San Franeiseo and extends into Hritish C'oliinil)ia, Alaska, the ^'ukon tei-rit(iry and the Hawaiian islandN. ']'«( l\i- travelinu- salesmen are n|)(in tlu' road and the luisiness, now [\\c nlilcst in the I'nyet Sound country, is today the largest on lh<' I'acilic coast. In I'.IOS .\ir. Harmon hegan the erection of a mammoth warciiouse and re i)ository, erectinj[>' an eiyht story hrick huildinf>- at Pacific avenue and 'rwciity-fu-^t strctt one hundr((l and lil't\ h\- one hundred and twenty feet, ^iviuii- one hundrtd and lifty-li\e liiou- saiid S(iuare feet of floor space. This l)uildini>- was erected at a cost of one hundred and thii'ty-tive thousand dollars, exclusive of the site. Kxcellent shipping I'aciHtics wcri' sccuird h\ I lie l)uildin<>- of a track conncctinii with the Chicago, Milwaukee' tSc Puyet -Sound liailroad.

When the husiness was I'cincorpoiated in l.Sli.') it was capi- talized for one hundred thousand dollars. Today its assets are several times that ;nnonnt .uid its husiness amounts to a iiilllinn dollars and more annually. All of the stock of the company is practically owned hy F. S. Haiinon, who remains as ])resident and treasurer of the company, with Iv C Oliver as vice presi(ienl. C. \. Harmon as secretary. !•>. S. Ray as mana^jfer of the Spokane estahlishment, Ij. J. Gay as mana<'er of the Seattle hranch. and K. W. Harlow as manager ol' the Portland house.

In 1881) Mr. Harmon was united in marriage to Miss May Lawrence, a daughter of Judge Lawrence, and they have become parents of two children. Helen ;ind l^li/aheth. Mr. Harnmn is very prominent in eluh as well as in commercial circles, holding ineml)ershi|) with the Fnion. the Taeoma Country and (rolf, the Commercial Cluh and the Chand)er of Commerce. He has ad- vanced far in Masonry, as is in<licatcd hy his connection with Afifi Temple of the Mystic Shrine. For many years all outside interests were made suhservient to his business affairs and in fact even yet commercial activity is the foremost factor in his life. I le is today a dominant figure in mercantile circles in the entire west — till' strong center of tin- cotnniunllv in which Ik- uioncs. He is prominent as a man whose constantly ex|>anding powers have taken him from humhle surroundings to the field of large enterprises and continually hroadeuing o|)|)ortnnities. He has attempted im|)ortant things and accomplished what he has at- tempted, lint his career has never heen actuated hy the s])irit of vaulting ambition. His insight has enal)led him to recognize

488 HISTORY OF TACOMA

opportunities; his energy to utilize them. Keenly alive to the possibilities of every new avenue opened in the natural raniitiea- tions of trade, he has passed over the pitfalls into which unre- stricted i^rogressiveness is so frequently led and has focused his energies in directions where fruition is certain. Lowell has said, "An institution is but the lengthened shadow of a man." Judged by this standard, F. S. Harmon is a big man — big in that powei- which understands conditions, grasps situations and molds oppor- tunity into tangible assets.

PAUL VAN HORST.

Paul Van Horst, president of the Standard Chemical Com- pany, was born in Holland, January 10, 1870, a son of Joseph and Blanca (Zee) Van Horst. in whose family were six chil- dren, Paul being the eldest. In the schools of Holland he pursued his early education and afterward studied chemisti'y and phar- macy in Germany, being graduated from the Leipzig University in 1894 with the degree of Ph. D. He was afterward employed by a firm in Belgium for about a year and in 1896 went to Eng- land, where he was chemist for INIurdock. Smith & Company of London. He continued with that firm for nine years, during a part of which time he Avas at Bridgeport, Connecticut, and at Long Island City. Long Island. In 19().'5 the firm sold to the General Chemical Com]:)any and INIr. Van Horst interested him- self in mining in Alaska. After a short time, however, he re- turned to the States, going to Seattle in 1907. There he planned several chemical propositions, and in 1911 he organized the Car- bon Chemical Company, which later combined with the Standard Chemical Company, with a plant at Twenty-second and Dock streets in Tacoma. The comjjany manufactures coal tar prod- ucts, creosote, carbolic acid, carbolineum, benzol, cresylic acid and spraying materials and makes a specialty of the carco vege- table spray, whicli now has a large sale throughout the Pacific coast country. The firm sells to the wholesale drug trade, creo- soting plants, the paint manufacturers and seed houses in Washington, Idaho, JNIontana, Oregon and California. Their business has now grown to large proportions. With splendid university training as the foimdation for success, ]Mr. Van Horst, an expert chemist, has developed products that have wide market

IIISTOKV ()1 TALO.MA 489

value and today the l)iisincs.s of wliich he is at tlic head eoiitrols a large and growing patronage. lie is regarded as one of the hest chemists on tlie Pacific coast, and he is a meinliir of tlie American C'henn'cal Society.

In lin.j Mr. \'an Ilorst was married in Seattle to Miss E. Kriekson. of that city, and they now reside in the Inglesidc apart- ments, liaving ail attractive and hospitaljle home. Mr. Vnu Horst is a member of the Masonic order, in \\ liieh he has attained the tliirty-second degree of the Scottish Kite. His political allegiance is given to the repnhliean i)arty. and he keeps well informed on the vital cpiestions and issues of the day. He ht- longs to the Kotary C Inli and lo the Coinuiereial Cluli. and his interest in all general questituis is that of a pulilie-spirited citizen who realizes that op])ortunity for ])ersoiial and public benefit must (lei)eiid u|)on tiie individual. He never neglects his ()l)liga- tions ill any jjulilie connection and at the same time he gives to his lMisiiii>s that needed attention which results in success.

.FOIIX V. MKKKKK.

John V. Meeker, wlio ])assed away December 24. 1!M(). at tlu' grxui old age of eighty-six years, was long a resicUnt of Pierce county and was closely associated with its interests and upiiuild- ing. .So extensi\e \\as liis ae(|uaintaiK'e. so \\arm the regard in which he was nniforndy held that he was called 'Fncle .lolin" throughout the city of Taeonia an<l the surronnding country.

Mr. Meeker was born in Huth r comity. Ohio. July i:}. IS-Jt. and in llic winter of IS.V.> ai'rivcd in the state of Washington. Accompanied by his wife and their little (laughter, Mary Frances, then a year and a half old. he took ])assage on a steam- ship and by way of the Isthmus of I'anama traveled all the dis- tance by wate?' to SttMlaennni. where' lie arrived on llie lull: of Decemiier. IH.V.t. After two or three years he and bis I'atnily removed to the Piiyallui) valley, where with others a beginning was made in cleaiing. utilizing and developing what is now a very fertile section of I be state. It was no small task and many were the hardships eneonnierid iiy tho.se early .settlers. "I lult .John. ' as he was called by all who knew him, engaged in leacli- ing school for a number of years. He also did consideral)le sur- veying in Pierce county under contract with the government.

490 HISTORY OF TACOMA

He was ever deeply interested in educational matters. For two terms he served as county superintendent of scliools, while at all times his interests were far-reaching and effective forces for the benefit and ui^building of the schools.

To John y. and Mary J. JNleeker were born the following children: ^lary Frances, now ]Mrs. ]Mary F. Bean: Joseph P.; Lucy J. ]Marshall, deceased; Harriet E., the wife of E. ^1. Dana; and 3Irs. jMaggie Fernandez, deceased. The family circle was again broken by the hand of death when on the 24th of Decem- ber. 1910, iSIr. jNIeeker passed away at the venerable age of eighty-six j'ears. His had been a well spent life. AN^hen in Iowa he joined the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and continued his membership in the state of Washington, rising to prominence in the order. He had many sterling traits of character which drew him to his fellowmen in ties of warm friendship and there are many citizens of Tacoma and Pierce county who yet revere and cherish his memory.

ALFRED E. GOLDSMITH, M. D.

Dr. Alfred E. Cioldsmith. who has lieen engaged in the prac- tice of medicine in Tacoma since October, 1907. as a prominent representative of the system of homeopathy, was born in Roches- ter, New York, July ti. 1804. the youngest of a family of eight children whose parents were A. ^V. and Amelia Ann (Denham) Goldsmith, both of whom were natives of England. The father was a member of the CToldsmitli (xuild of London. In the year 1849 he left England and \\ith his family went to Rochester, New "i'ork, where he l)ecame a successful manufacturing jeweler, being thoroughly ])roticient and skilled in his trade. The latter years of his life Avere spent in Toronto, Canada, and he was there laid to rest in St. James cemetery when in 1897 he jiassed away at the age of eighty-four yeai's.

Dr. Goldsmith pursued his education in St. Catharines, On- tario, and at Toronto, Canada. Being the youngest of a large family, he was the support of his aged parents in his early life and made his start in the business world in connection \\itli com- mercial lines, but his ambition from his boyhood was to become a physician and he finally made possible the realization of his plans, entering the Pulte IMedical College, now a part of the Laiiversity

iiisT()i{\' oi r.veo.MA ^!'i

of Oliio. He tlicre took up tlic study of honicojiathy. was Lrradu- ated in 18!)2 and cntcird upon activL- piat-tiix- in C'inc-innati, ninaininn in that citx- and vicinity until l'.H)7, when, attracted by tin- iip|i(irlnniti(s ol thr nortliwest. he came to Taconia, wlicre he arri\ed in tiie inontli of ()ctol)cr. During- liis residence in Cinciiuuiti lie for seven years occupied liic chair of materia niedica in the college from wliicli lie was graduated. lie was also a member of the Homeopathic Lyceum of C'ineinn;il i and of the Ohio State Homeopathic Society. He is now a member of the Pierce County Medical Society and the W'asiiin^ton State Ho- meopathic Medical Society, which honored him with election to the presidency in I'.Ui'. He has taken post-graduate work in Xew \'ork. C'hicag'o and in various l^iu'opcan centers, havin<;- spent a yeai- abroad in ac(iuaintiny himself with modern methods of i)ractice and the scieiitilic researches and in\ estinations of some of the most eminent physicians and sur<>eons oi tlu uld world. He eniitinnis in general |)i'aeticc and his aliilit\ lias increased with the passing years us the result ot his study and investigation, l)i'inging him to the front as a skilled member of the profession.

On the "iTth of December. 1887. at Cannon I'alls. .Minnesota. Dr. Goldsmith was united in mai-riage to Mi.ss Iconise liacon. a native of Miimesota and a daugliti'i' of the late (Jeorge and Ma- tilda (W'itliall) JJacoii. The mother, a lady <>\' Kngiish birth. is still a resident of Puyallnj), Washington. I)i-. and .Mrs. (Jold- smith havc' three childn n. as follows: Kdward 1).. wlm was bdiii in C'inciimati. Ohio, Decembei- 1, 1888; Agnes .\., whose birth occurred in Cincinnati. Ohio, in OctoI)er, 18!)(!; and .\iine Louise, born in (ireentield, Ohio, in November. l'.H)().

Dr. (ioldsmitb owns IIk residence whicii is occupied by his i'amily at Xo. 2201 North Alder. In ])olitics he maintains an independent attitude, voting according to the dictates of his judgment. He was made a Mason in ( Jreenlield. ()liiii. and is no\\ a number of Destiny Lodge. 1'". iV; .\. .NL, nf 'I'aeiim.i. lie alsci belongs to tli( .Miii|{ in W nod men of Amei'iea. 1 1 is religious faith is evidenced in his membership in Trinity church, in which he is now serving for tiie second term as i)resident of the Men's Club. He is <|uitc active in ciiurch work, cooperating in its vari- ous organized inovciiutils for the uplift and itcncfit <d' the indi- vidual and for the ado])tion (d' higher standards of life and service. 'I'hroughoul his enlii'e career he has labored for the benefit of others, irom the time when he contributed to tin- sup-

492 HISTORY OF TACOMA

port of his parents and thi'ougii all the years in which he has given of his strength and his energy for the relief of mankind from the ravages of disease. He has never lightly regarded the duties and responsibilities of his profession and has discharged every service with a sense of conscientious obligation.

MICHAEL LACEY

JMichael Lacey is now practically living retired at Xo. 1122 South Grant street but for a long period was connected with the real estate business in Taconia and is still the owner of consider- able valuable property here. He has resided in this city since 1870, although he had previously visited in Taconia in 187-j. He was born in County Clare, Ireland, December 18, 1854, and when a youth of sixteen years came alone to the United States, landing at New York in 1870. He then made his way to Hart- ford, Connecticut, but afterward became a resident of Kansas City, JNIissouri, and later made his home in Omaha, Xel)raska. until he removed to the Pacific coast, settling in California.

In 187.) iMr. Lacey made his way from that state to Tacoma but soon afterward went to Alaska, where he spent the summer of

1876. He then returned to Tacoma, where he has since made his home. He engaged in steamboating between Olympia and "N'ictoria and many times the sea was so rough that his vessels had to i)ut back to port. After eighteen months devoted to that business, he entered the logging camps and he laid the iron of the Valley Road to Wilkinson for the Northern Pacific Railroad in

1877. After devoting some time to woik in Olympia logging- camps he returned to Taconia and became a fireman on the Northern Pacific railroad. He also laid the iron on the Olympia & Tenino Railroad and din-ing the gold exciteent in the norlli he w^ent to Skagit. I>ater he was again connected with the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, working first as a fireman and afterward in the shops, where he served in varif)us capacities. About nineteen years ago he concentrated his efforts upon the real estate business and he erected a number of dwellings in the city in addition to his owii home. He has directed many real estate transfers, and his business has been so carefully managed that it has brought him in substantial profits, enabling him now to live largely retired.

6^^

Mil II \i:i. I.AIKV

liIST()H\' Ol TACOMA 4!»5

111 18'.»(; .Mr. LacLV was married tu .Miss Kali Hmklty of California, and to IIriii were born six cliildivii .Mar\, Katie, Josepli, .lohii. HdSf and Kcilnit, all yet at lioiiir. Mis. Lacey died in JMay. r.)14. leaving- many friends as well as her iiiime- diate family to mourn her loss. The family are memheis of St. Leo's C'atholie ehureh, and .Mr. Laeey yives his politieal siipiioit to the iipnlilieaii jiaity. Those ulid kn<i\\ liiin respect him because of his sterling wortli. lie holds friciidslii]) and integrity inviolai)Ie. and his life reeoid pioves that success and an honored name can In- won simultaneonslv.

H()i{Ki{i' .M. .Moi \ri'()i{ r.

Robert .M. .MnniiUDii. who tor seventeen years was in charge of the coal bunkers at Tacoma. in which conneelion iie wow for himself a ei-edital)le jiosition in business circles of the city, removed to the northwest from Jirunsw ick. .Maine. He was a native of the Pine Tree state, born in 1837. a son of Vincent and Rebecca ( Raymond 1 Munntfort. who s|)(nl their entire lives in .Maine. The family came of Kngiish and l-'rcnch ancestry, and N'inceiit ^Jountfoit devoted his life to the occupation of farming.

In early life Robert 31. .Moimtfort became identilied with marine interests and in that conneelion woi-keii his wav steadily upward to the captaincy of vessels. In 1882 he started for the northwest, sailing from I'hiladelphia on the Challenge, which as its captain he brought around Cape Horn, continuing the voyage uninterruptedly to Tacoma. ITe carried a cargo of railroad iron for the Xorthcrn I'aeifie Railway. He had |)re\ iously sailed to many of the leading ports of the world and had commanded ves- sels in all seas. On reaching Tacoma, however, he gave u]) his career as captain and remained in this city, taking charge of the coal bnnkcrs in the nmntli of ( )ctobei-. 1882. He eonlinued in that position of resiionsibility for .seventeen years and for a con- siderable period he also served as harbor master at Tacoma. He afterward acted as marine survcyoi- for difl'ercnt concerns and was thus |)roniinently identified with the interests of the citv. The Challenge, on wliieli he made the \oyage In the w^st, left l'hilailel|)hia on the tUli of May and arrived at Tacoma on the 8th of October, al'ter which she remained here in the coal trade for .some time.

496 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Before leaving New England, JMr. ]Mountfurt was married in iMassachusetts, in 1868, to JNIiss Helen Hunt, a native of Maine, and to them was born a daughter, ]Mabel, who is now the wife of C. C. Pagett, of Taeoma, and who has one child. Stuart M., at home. JNIrs. Mountfort was a daughter of Jeremiah Hunt, who sjjent his entire life in jVIaine, where he engaged in shipbuilding.

In his political views Mr. JNIountfort was a stanch democrat, giving unfaltering allegiance to his party yet never seeking or desiring office as a reward for party affiliation. He belonged to the Royal Arcanum and his life was ever actuated by high and honorable principles. His friends, and they were many, spoke of him as a good man whose life exemplified sterling traits of character manifest in business, social and public connections.

ARDELLO P. LOOMIS.

Heavj' resjjonsibilities devolve upon Ardello P. Loomis in his position as chief of police of Taeoma. He was born on the 10th of April, 18.V2, in Berlin. New York, a son of Pembrook S. and Susan A. (Tiffany) Loomis. the former a native of Massachu- setts and the latter of New York. INIrs. Loomis is of English lineage and is a relative of the famous jeweler of New York city. ]Mr. Loomis learned and followed the blacksmith's trade but at the time of the Civil war he and his two l)rothers put aside all business and personal considerations and joined the army, Pem- brook S. Loomis serving in the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth New York Infantry as a private. Fraternally he was connected with the JMasons and his religious faith was evidenced in his mem- bership in the Baptist church. He died in the year 1870 and for a quarter of a century was survived by his widow, who passed away at JMarshalltown, Iowa, where she was making her home with a son. The Tiffany family to which she belonged was of English origin and was founded in the new world jjrior to the Revolutionary war, settlement being made in ^Massachusetts, in which state a college was endowed by her early ancestors and supported by their descendants. It was named in their honor. Representatives of the family aided in winning independence for the nation at the time of the Revolutionary Avar. In the family of JMr. and Mrs. Pembrook S. Loomis' were seven chil-

lliSTcniV Ol" TACOMA W7

(Ireii. four sons and three (laughters. One of the (lau<<liter.s, xVlfrechi C).. is tlie widow of Charles S. Baker and resides in Seattle. A brother, Aritus Franeis, now resi(lin<>- in Oskaioosa. Iowa, is also a veteran of the Civil war. serving in tlie One Hun- dred and Twenty-tifth New York Inl'antry. Jking eapUired. he was eoiifined for eleven months in Andersonvilk- and for five months in Lihhy Prison, nndergoing all of the hardships of sontlu rii prison life. He devoted many years of his life to the ministiy of the Congregational ehnreh l)iit is now living retired.

These two. together with Ardtlln 1'. l.oomis, are the only sui-vi\()rs of the J'amily. 'I'iie last named, aliont the elose of the war. lan away from home and went to Chieago, where he enlisted in the One Hundred and I'ifty-sixth Illinois Regiment. ImiI on aeeonnt of his youth Captain Clark, of Companx K. took an interest in the lad and had the l)oy aeeompanv him as a companion and \al( t. his duty I)ciiig a eare for the captain's tent, his waril- iiilic and ((inipiiurit. With the close of the war he returned home and completed his education as a student in Knox C(jllege at (ialeshnrg, Illinois, where he was graduated in 1H71. .\fter leav- ing sclujol he entered the I'nion Theological Seminary at Chicago and there completed a course, winning the 1). I), degree with the class of 187.*J. lie devoted nine years of his life to the work of the ministry in the Congregational church, his first assignment being at a church about eighteen miles from Freeport. Illinois. He also acted as pastor oi" the Congregational clnu'ch at Axon. Illinois, and for twf) years served as state missionarx- in South Dakota. He was the first missionary assigned to duty at Fort Pierre and surveyed the first claim xvhere the city of I'ierrc now stands. He served there for eighteen months, during xx hich time. in one week, he buried seven men who xvere killed, all meeting tragic deaths, for the district xxas a w ild western region in which lawlessness and crime abounded. He saw much of the xvild fron- tier life and xvas instrumental in preventing a number of out- breaks among the Indians, for he spoke their langna<ie tlncntlx and IJuy had learned to trust and r(s|)ect him. His labors in the noitliwcst i)in\rd a factor in the civilization and uplift of both xvhitc and I'cd nu'ii.

Returning to Illinois, he located in Chicago and there entered u])on the |)ractice of laxv. He ha<l read laxv xvith the firm of Rarge, Eustis and O'lirien jirior to entering ujion the study of theology and he ])racticed in Chicago for three yea?s as jum'or member of the firm xvith xxhich be had formerlv been a student.

498 HISTORY OF TACOMA

He then removed to Alexandria, ]Minnesota, where he engaged in practice until 1888, in which year he removed to JNlinneapolis, where he remained an active meniher of the har until IDO'i. Dur- ing that period he serveil as first assistant county prosecuting attornej' and also upon the municipal bench for a year. On leav- ing Minneapolis he became a resident of Bellingham, Washing- ton, where he entered actively upon the practice of law, to which he devoted his energies until 1910. He then removed to Tacoma, where he became a representative of the bar, forming a partner- ship with Harry Phelps, now assistant prosecuting attorney. Subsequently he entered into a copartnership under the firm style of De Lefevere, Loomis & Foss and continued in that connection until appointed to the office of chief of police in May, 1911. He has since remained in this position and Tacoma has had no more worthy official, for his standards are high and he is prompt and fearless in the discharge of his duties. He learned to know law and crime in the west when South Dakota was upon the frontier and all of his life work as a minister and as a lawyer has made liim a student of lumian nature and the motives of human con- duct. He is thus perhaps better fitted than the majority to vmderstand the ways of and apprehend the criminal and he is carrying out his determination to rid Tacoma as far as possible from all crime. He does not do this in the usually accepted method, however, but bases his official service upon the belief that there is good in every individual and that each should receive hmnane treatment. He has therefore done away with the old customs and brutalities that have so often constituted a feature of police service. He takes a kindly and personal interest in all malefactors and has adopted a policy of charity, benevolence and helpfulness based upon a true Christian s^jirit and there are many who have responded to his treatment of them as men and are leading better lives because of his policy.

On the 2Gth of February, 189G, in Breckenridge, JNIinnesota, Mr. Loomis was united in marriage to Miss Jennie X. Rotner, a native of Iowa and a daughter of ]Martin V. Rotner, who died in the Soldiers Home at Orting, ^Vashington, on the 7th of July, 1915. Her mother passed away a number of years ago. ^Ir. and Mrs. Loomis reside at Xo. 2810 Xorth Union avenue.

]Mr. Loomis was made a Mason in Annawan, Illinois, and has advanced to the Knights Templar degree. He belongs also to the Eilks Lodge. Xo. IT^, and has memliership with the Eagles and the Knights of Pythias. In politics he has always been an

HISTOKV OF TACOMA 499

active jxpubliLiiu. liclicviiig firmly in llic principles of the party, and he is a most earnest and lielprnl meml)er of tiie l-'irst Con- gregational church. His has luen a varied experience and his activities in the ministry, at the bar and in ollicial service have made him a broad-minded man. w itli a stiong, clear vision of life, its conditions and its opijortunilies. lie has never lost his faith in humankind but has made it his policy to "wake the little seeds of good asleep throughout the workl." His purpose is to ui)lirt and benetit and he regards the law not as the instrument for crushing- out liberty l)ut as tlie ])rotcction of the individual and of societv at large and makes it his aim to bring this just view of conditions before all. The spirit of humanitarianism which be has intro- duced into his office has received the indorsement of all thinking people and Taeoma honors him as a chief of police whose work is having lasting results upon the character of those with whom he comes in contact.

HKRTJiAM) \V. .SHAW. M. 1).

Dr. Tiertrand AV. .Shaw, who maintains his office at 1101 Xa- tional Uealty building, is a repiesentative ])hysician and smgcon of Taeoma and is accorded a large and lucrative practice. He was born on the .>th of January. 1874, in Winona, .Minnesota. his j)arents being William and ,\ddie (Clark) Shaw, natives respectively ol' Kngland and of Xcw ^'ork. The maternal grandfather was a well known niercfiant at Potsdam, that state. \\'illiam Shaw came to the United States when about fourteen years of age and first settled in Newark. New .Jersey, wheie he became apprenticed to the machinist's trade, which he followed throughout bis entire life. For a numl)er of years he resided at AVinona. Miimesota, but in 1H!>7 removed to Taeoma, where he \\as emi)loyed in the shops of the Xorthern Pacitic Kailroad Com- pany until his demise in October, ]!H:}. His wife survives and is now making her home with Dr. Shaw. She is the mother of four children, of whom Hertrand W . is the eldest, the others bi'ing: (iertrnde. now the wife of W. (i. \\'( ntwortli. a conductor on the Xorthern Pacitic Kailroad with head(|uarters at .South Bend; Samuel, who died in St. Paul in 1!U)7: and Addie M.. now the wife of Kay (iambic, a representative of the Olympia Oyster & Fish Company of Taeoma.

500 HISTORY OF TACOMA

After attending the publie and high sciiools of liis native town Bertrand \V. Shaw went to Dartmouth College at Hanover, New Hanijjshire. Upon leaving that institution he became a. student in the University of ]Minnesota at ^Minneapolis. Later he matric- ulated in the Physicians & Surgeons College at Boston, ^lassa- chusetts, from which he was graduated in 1907 with the degree of ]M. D. He fii-st practiced in South Dakota but after remain- ing there a short time went to Boston, whence he soon afterward came to Tacoma. He at once opened an office and although he has only been here for a few years he has already gained a place among the up-to-date and efficient j^hysicians of the city. In addition to his thorough training in the medical college lie has taken special work in a hospital in Boston, and he reads con- stantly along medical lines, thus kee])ing in touch with the advancement in that science.

Di-. Shaw supports the republican party at the polls and was for one term deputy coroner of Pierce county. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias and the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows and is also a member of Alpha Kappa, a college fraternity. In religious faith he is a Presbyterian. He has not only depended solely upon his own resources in building up his practice but he has also procured his education chiefly through his own efforts. His life has always been characterized by self-reliance and energy and these qualities, combined with his fine intellectual powers and his conscientiousness, have enabled him to win a gratifying mea- sure of success. He is well known throughout the state and owns a commodious residence at Xo. 2102 South Eighth street, Tacoma.

C. T. GIFFORD.

C. T. Gifford, jeweler and optician and "expert watch re- pairer, is still engaged in business at Xo. 11.51 Broadway although he has reached the advanced age of eighty-two years. His birth occurred at Falmouth, Barnstable county, ]Massachu- setts, on the 30th of August. 1833, and he is a son of S. K. and JNIary E. (Talbot) Gifford. The father was born in the Old Bay state, of English descent, and the mother was a native of Rhode Island. Both the Gifford and Talbot families were among the early settlers of America and botli have jilayed quite

HISTORY OF TACOMA 501

ail iiiii)()rtaiit ])art in the liistorv of the I'liited States. S. K. Gili'ui-cl ieiHu\ e(i to the south and eiin-ayed in hiisiiiess as a jeweh r and watch maker in Camden, South C'arohna. and Aherdeen, ^lississippi. where lie remained in luisiness until hi^ deatii in IS.jd. He vohmteered for service in a Soiitii Carolina regi- ment at the time of the Indian war in Florida anil held the rank of second lieutenanl. His wife died in 18i)(j al an advanced age. They were the parents of a son and a daughter, the latter heing Mrs. C. E. Jordan, a resident of Greenwood, South Carolina.

C. T. (Jiff Old attended an academy in South Carolina and later entered the Khii street school in Providence. Rhode Island. He served an apprenticeship as a jeweler anil optician with his cousin, Ellis Gifford, of Fall River, ^Massachusetts, for four years, and suhsefiuently located in turn in Yorkville, South Caro- lina, and in .Mississippi, where he remained for a coiisideralile period. In Xovemher. 18'.»,*J. iiowever, he decideil to try his ior- tiine in the nortliwist and came to Taconia, where he has since remained. He hought the stock of George H. Stocking at Xo. 1124 Pacific avenue, wheie he was located until 1 !>()<). when he removed to No. 11.51 Rrijadway. He carries an excellent stock of jewelry and also does a good husiness as an optician and watch repairer. Although he has reached an age when most iikii are unahle to longer take an active |)ait in the world's work he is still vigorous physically and mentally alert and directs ahlv the conduct of his affairs.

Mr. (iifford has a highly creditahle military record as al the time of the Civil war he hecame a memher of the Confederate army, enlisting at Aherdeen. Mississip])i. in Fehiuary. 1S<)"J. in the Forty-thiid ^'oluIlteer Infantry of Mississijjpi, which was attached to Addam's Brigade of Loring's Division of Steward's Cor])s. For forty-seven days he was in the siege of Vickshurg and he also participated in the sieges of Atlanta and Nashville. On the 20tli of April. 18(i.j, he, with the remainder of (uneral Johnston's army, surrendered at (ireenshoro. North Carolina. He was never wounded although he was in some of the hardest fighting of the war, and his hravery and ahility gained him pro- motioii to ordnance sergeant of his regiment.

.Mr. (iilfnrd was married in 1871. near .Vherdeiii. .Mississippi, to Miss .\iiia .1. Knowles, a daughter of Peter .F. Knowles. a planter and large sla\e owner of that place. Mr. and .Mis. Clifford have three daughters: Katie, the wife of Frank 'I'uriier, who is engaged in the piano husiness at Birmingham. .\l;ihama;

502 HIST()1{V OF TACOMA

•

Jennie, who married L. D. Gilmer, a real estate and insiu'ance dealer of Seattle; and Claire, the wife of C. JNl. Bogle, president of the Seattle Canning Company and a resident of that citj-.

]Mr. Gifford has snpported the democratic party at national elections since becoming of age but believes that at local elections nothing should be taken into consideration except the qualifica- tions of the candidate and votes accordingly. He has never de- sired to hold office, being content to perform his civic duties as a jjrivate citizen. Fraternally he belongs to the INIasonic order and in his life has exemplified the beneficent spirit of that organ- ization. He was reared in the faith of the Episcopal church and for about fifteen years served on the vestry of the church at Aberdeen, JNIississippi. Since he was fifteen years of age he has made his own way and the success which he has gained is doubly creditable because it is due entirely to his own efforts.

MISS ESTHER ALLSTRUM.

One of the three women on the Pacific coast who own jirinting establishments, JNIiss Esther Allstrum has made a notable success and she deserves it — not only by reason of the artistic worth of her ]:)roduct, but because of the tireless application she has de- voted to it. She came to Tacoma in March, 1889. from ]Minne- a])olis. her birthplace. Her parents were Louis and Eva (Henderson) Allstrum, both of whom were born in Stockhohn, Sweden. After passing through the public schools Miss All- strum entered a printing office as an apprentice, her first work being press feeding. She learned typesetting in spite of men in the office who, because she was a woman, threw many obstacles in her way. She also learned ruling and l)inding. and she ruled and bound the blank books for the first Alaska federal court, over which Judge James Wickersham presided. There were eighty of these books.

In 1907 she entered business for herself and on account of her broad technical knowledge and her energy she was able to show profitable returns from the first. In 1911 she took into the firm her brother. David X., who had been connected with the Carstens Packing Company for foin-teen years, finally becom- ing its treasurer. The concern is now known as the Allstrum

MISS ESTIIKK A 1,1, ST KIM

lilSTOUY Ui-- TACU.MA 5or,

Printing- C"()ni])any. ami since llHO it has been at 7"^!> C'oiiinaree street.

Miss Ailstiuiii is a nuiiiliir of llic Woman's C'lul) and she is state treasurer of tlie National C'diiiuil of Women \'oters. She is a member of the Tnited Typothetie ami Franklin Clubs of America. She is a charter niemiiei- of the \'omij^ Women's Christian ^Association and is united with the l-"irst Mi'lhodist church. Ill I'.Hl' sIr- was a ininilier nf the i(|)iil)lican countv executive committee. She is the only woman iiiemi)er of the Employers' Association of the State of \Vasliin,<>ton. In 1!H0- 1 I-rJ she was city food inspector, serving in the administrations of .Mayors Fawcett and Seymour. In this office she gained national attention, as her acti\c' work was described in leadin<>- magazines and newsj)apers, and she received in(|uiries from far and wide concerm'ng her methods, which resulted in radical changes for the better in the conditions of many Tacoma estab- lisiiments. She has a vei'y wide ac(|uaintaiice in 'i'acoiiia and is known as a generous, forceful woman of excellent business quali- fications, fond of her handsome cottage and of her friends, and her willingness to assist in public enterprises and charitable endeavors has given her a very favorable position in the com- nmnitv.

EUGENE RICKSECKER.

Eugene Ricksecker, scientist and exi)lorer, who was assistant I'nited States engineer at Tacoma, was born at Canal l)o\er. Tuscarawas county. Ohio, Xovember !>. IS.)!), his |)arents being I .racl and Mary .Jane (Harrison) Ricksecker. 'I'he father was a native of Switzerland and. like many of liis ((imit i \ hk n. hi came an expert watchmaker. \\'hen a young man he crossed the At- lantic and fill- a long jjci-if.'d resided in Ohio, where he conducted a gr(<wing ami profitable business. 1 1 is last days were s|)ent at Canal Dovei-. where he di<(l in 1S71. .He married .Marv .fane Harrison, a native of iVlal)ama and a niece of l*residenl William Hem-y Harrison. She, too, passed away at Canal l)o\cr and Eugene IJicksecker was thus left motherless when but Hve years of age.

.\fter finishing the jjublic schools of his native town Eugene Hicksecker entered a military academy and iiftcrward attended Lehigh University at IJethlchem, Peimsylvania. where he specializtil in engineering, completing his course there by gradu-

506 HISTORY OF TACOMA

ation witli the class of 1882. Before he had left school there came to him the opportunity that led to his future advancement and success. During President Arthur's administration the interior dejjartment corresponded ^\ith the leading colleges of the country, asking their recommendation of capable young men to take positions in the geological survey corps. The president of Lehigh recommended jNIr. Ricksecker and the appointment accordingly was given him. He was at fii'st assigned to duty in Nevada and later went to California. Few works undertaken bj' the national government have been of more importance in devel- oping the resources of the west, aiding industrial enterprises and l^romoting railroad construction, besides its great scientific imjDort, than that accomplished by this daring and industrious l)ody of men employed in the geological survey. ]Mr. Ricksecker l)roved equal to the demands made upon him, his service being of the greatest value in making the surveys which have proven so important as a means of exploiting the resources of the north- west. While engaged in the performance of his duties he climbed and explored the fast?iesses of every mountain along the Pacific coast, from Moimt Baker to southern California, and penetrated into regions never before visited by man. In 1889 he was trans- ferred from the geological survey to the A\ar department ard was sent to Oregon as assistant engineer on the work of deepen- ing the harbors and rivers. He continued in the service in Ore- gon and on the Puget Sound and was connected with some of the most impoi'tant public projects that have ever been executed in this section of the country. For a number of years he was active in the task of digging the ship canal from I^ake Washing- ton at Seattle to connect with the harbor at that point, allowing the free passage of seagoing vessels into the fresh water of Lake Washington. In 1897 ^Ir. Ricksecker made the preliminary sur- veys of Forts Flagler, ^Vor(len and Casey and later had charge of construction of gun emplacements at the first mentioned post. These government fortifications were among the first in the northwest and it was hoped would prove adequate protection for the enti-ance of Puget Soimd.

]\Ir. Ricksecker dated his residence in Tacoma from Septem- ber, 1902, at which time he was transferred to this city and given charge of the dredging at Tacoma harbor. This included the deepening and widening of the Puyallup river and the straight- ening of its course. It was due to this work that much of Ta- coma's tide-flat lands were reclaimed and made available for

inSTOm' OF TACUMA 507

niaimf'aituriilii- piirposc-s. 'I'lurc was no phase of the ^reat engiiiceriiiy pr()l)leins eoiineeted with these important and exten- sive projects with whicli .Mr. Hieksecker was not faniihar and his work in that connection was of great vahie to the city. His activities in connection with liie tleveh)pnient of tiie niownlaiii as a great scenic park were also of importance to tiie pnl)Hc. The work of locating and constructing the i)eautii"iil road up the slopes of the mountain. I)y means of whicii thousands of tourists have heen enahled to comfortal)ly view this scenic wonderland, was .Mr. Hickseekei-'s and it was also his project to huild a road encircling the mountain, touching at the nose of all of the large glaciers and traversing the heauty spots of the park. He believed that the future would witness the building of large sununer hotels, thus forming a chain l)y means of winch, in connection with the many side trips, the grandeur of the mountain migiit be best observed. Whh tiiis thought in view he sketched roughly a route around the inuiiiitain w itli easy grades and with entrances IVom the east and north, and so well did his jjlans meet the needs of the park that the proposed road is (piite similar to the one which he planned. His scheme for develo|)ing the park meant large appropriatidiis rnmi congress and in the days whni he first began to advocate such wmk there was little general interest in the subject. He and C'ongi'essman Cushman, who was a most en- thusiastic supporter of the project, had many long talks on "ways and means" and Mr. C'ushman M-as largely responsiiile f(ir tlie steuring of llic nct-dcd ap|)i'(i|)nati(ins. follnwing Mr. C'ushmans death Mr. Ricksecker suggested that some point in the park should bear his name and a sharp, rugged ele- vation plainly visible from the road above the glacier A\as named ill iiis hoiinr C'ushmaii Crest, follow ing the death <il' .Mr. Kick- seeker his wdik ill liihair ol' the ])aik was recognized by the gov- ernment iiy naming one of the most beautiful places on the road Kicksecker Point. He took a great interest in studying the old Indian legends and ascertaining the Indian names of v;trious land- marks in this section of the state and I'clt Ilia I I 111 did MM 1 1 us were inoii iiiusical ami moic ajipropriate and should again come into general use. K\ (iitually it was his intention to incorporate the legends of the Indians into a book.

In New Jer.sey, December I 'J, IHH'.i. occurrid I Ik mairiagc of Mr. Hieksecker and Miss Mary \\. Wheeler and lo lliein were born two sons, Wheeler and IIari-is. In social circles of Ta- coma the family has long occupied a prominent position in har- mony with that which Mr. Ricksecker occupied in .scientific

508 HISTORY OP" TACOMA

circles. The spirit of adventure and of initiative was his in large measure. He loved to penetrate into the unknown and thus nature unfolded to him many of her secrets. The more intricate and difficult the problems, the greater the interest he felt therein, and to liis task he bent every effort, his concentration of purpose i)riuging desired results. When death called him on the 2d of June, 1911, the deepest regret was felt by his professional col- leagues as well as by his social acquaintances and by his family, for in his household he was a devoted husband and father.

J. T. S. LYLE.

Tacoma's bar has many strong representative men, capable of crossing swords in forensic combat with the ablest lawyers of the country. Well skilled in his profession J. T. S. Lyle is engaged in the general practice of law but specializes in the law api)licable to public interests and corporations. He was born in ]Madison, Wisconsin, June 29, 1878, a son of David and ]Mar- garet Lyle. His father \vas a native of Paisley, Scotland, born in February, 1838, and there he was reared and educated to the age of thirteen years, when in 18.'jl his parents brought their family to the United States, settling in ]Madisoii, Wisconsin. In time the father of oui- subject entered mercantiie circles there and was acti\ely identified with the commercial interests of the city to the time of his retirement from business in 1914.

J. T. S. Lyle pursued his early education in the ]nil)lic and high schools of Madison and following his graduation with the class of 1896 he took up a collegiate course in the Stete Univer- sitv of AVisconsin. bein<>' numbered amono" its alumni of 1903. Having jjrepared for the bar he entered upon the active ])ractice of law in ]Madison, Wisconsin, where he was also vice president and assistant manager of the Dane Abstract & Title Company until ]March, 1907, Avhen he came to Tacoma and formed the law firm of ]McCormick & Lyle. This partnership Avas dissolved on the 1st of Jaiuiary, 1910. A year previous ]Mr. Lyle had been appointed dejiuty prosecuting attorney by J. Ij. ]McMurray and served in the civil department until April 1. 1911, when he resigned. He was then appointed assistant attorney general and removed to Olympia, occupying the position most capably until the expiration of his term on the 1st of Xovember, 1913. Pie then again came to Tacoma, where he has since continued in the prac-

IIISTORV OF TAC O.MA 509

tice of hnv, coiiceiitratiii^' his ett'orts and attention upon cor- poration law and tliat wliicli applies to |)nl)lic interests. Tlironj^ii this period of his icsidtnc-e in 'raeonia he has i)eeii eoinisel for the taxpayers" association of the city. His law practice is larf>e and important, and the pnhlie reeoyni/es the fact that he readily solves intrieate lej^al j)rol)lenis, while his deductions are clear and logical, and his reasoning sound.

Mr. Lyle is well known in fraternal and eluh circles of the city. He has menihership with the Klks and with the National I'nion. is serving on the hoard of trustees ol" the Commercial Chill and is a memlier of the Iniim and the Tacoma (iolf and C'iuniti\ C lulls. Ills pdlitical ciiddrscinent is gi\i'ii to the lle- j)uhliean parl\' at tln' |iiills, hiit witiiout di'sii'e for ollice as a reward for party fealty. His religious faith is that of the l'resi)yterian church, and the rules whieh ha\e ever governed his conduct in all his relations to the puhlic and to the profession are such as measure up to the highest standai'ds of manhood and citi/enship.

.IK inn' .MKKKKK.

Jerry Meeker, a successful real estate dealer of Tacoma. has with his associates platted several additions to the city. His birth occurred in Fernhill, Washing-ton, a suhurh of Tacoma, on the 6th of Ajiril, ]S(;2. and he is a son of .lames and Sarah jMeeker. both deceased. They were among the earliest ])ioneers of this region and the father followed agricultural jjursuits.

.Jerry Meeker was reared at home and wlun not attending the pulilic sciiiidls was assisting his ratlur with the lariii w(irk. For some time in his eaily manhood he followed agricultural ])ursuits. after whieh he tuined his attention to contracting and huilding in Tacoma. ..\hout I8it0 he entered the real estate field. in which he has since been active, and among the additions to the city whieh he and his a.s.sociates have platted and sold are Hrown's I'oiiit addition. Xcirthwestern addition and 'I'aeoma \'alley (iarden addition. He still has extensive holdings in Pierce count\- aiul his husiness is of gratifying pi-oportions. He was fiiiiiK riy I'oi- four years as.sociated with ('. .\. .Suowden in sell- ing rescrxation lionds. Imt now cunlines his attcntiiin to r'cal estate.

Mr. Meeker was married in IHH'.i to Miss Kli/.a O'Dell, also a native of \Vashington, and they have become the parents of

510 HISTORY OF TACOMA

two cliildren, both natives of Pierce county: Silas, who was born on the 12th of June, 188G, and Maud B., whose birth oc- curred on the 1st of January, 1890.

Mr. ]Meeker is identified with the Woodmen of tlie \Vorld, and in religious faith is a Presbyterian. He supports tiie lie- publican party and discharges to the full all tlie duties of a good citizen but has never been active in politics. He has concen- trated his energies upon his business affairs, which have been capably managed and which yield him a good income. He is a representative of one of the pioneer families of the state and is as active in the development of his section in this day as his father was in the early days of its history.

JUDGE WILLIAM P. REYNOLDS.

Judge William P. Reynolds was born in Osceola. Pennsyl- vania, in 18.59, the older son of Rev. X. L. and Emily (Knox) Reynolds. He is a descendant through both his father and his mother of families distinguished for service to the state in early colonial Xew England, counting among his direct ancestors Gov- ernor Thomas Hinckley, governor of Plymouth colony 1681- 1(j92, John Oxenbridge, the close friend of Cromwell, exiled to America by Charles II, and Thomas Thacher, the first minister of the Old South ]\Ieeting House in Boston. His mother's family — the Knoxes — are descendants of the famous Scotch family of that name.

Judge Reynolds attended the ])ublic schools of Wellsboro, Pennsylvania, and later became a student in Cook Academy, Havana (now Montour Falls), New York, from which he was graduated in 1879, u])on completion of the full classical course. The collegiate year 1880-1881 was si)ent at Rochester University, Rochester. New York, but he left that institution after complet- ing the freshman year and was for two years a student at Amherst College, Amherst, ^Massachusetts. From 188.3 to 1890 he was connected with the schools of Barnstable county. ^Massachusetts, first as principal of the grammar school at Barnstable, then as master of the high school at Hyannis, and finally for three years as superintendent of schof)ls. While teaching he studied law and in 1887 was admitted to practice in all the courts of the commonwealth of IMassachusetts, as an attornev and counselor

JUDGE W 11.1,1 AM P. REYNOLDS

TU,:

HISTORY OF TACOMA 513

at law. Ill 1889 (iovti-imr ()li\rr Aiiils aiipoiiitcd liiiii (•(Hiiiiiis- sioner of insolvency of the eouiity of Jiariistable, and in l.s'.io he was appointed jud<'e ol' llir first distilit conit nf Uariistal)le comity. He held tiii.s otKcc nntil the JiOth of .Iannai>, 18'.i;{. when lie sent his resignation to (ioveinor \\'illiani K. Knsseli as he had removed to Tacoma, AN'ashington. Soon after his ari'ixal in this city he was .•Hhiiillcd In practice as an alliirnt\' ami cniin- selor at law in all tlir ronrts of the state nl' Wasliiiiiiton. and in 1807 was admitted to pi'actice in the I'nited States conrts. In li)00 he was appointed hv Lonis 1). Camphell as corjxiration connsel of the city of Tacoma, which ofHce he held nntil October, I'.in.'J. wIkh lie resig-ned to resume the ])ri\alr practice nf law, in which he has since engaged. While corporation connsel for the city of Tacoma some of the most important litigation that the city has evei- liecn interested in was carried to a successful con- cliisidM hy his nflicc.

For ten years he represented the Fidelity <Jv: Casual t\- ("oin- pany of Xew York and The Pacific Coast Casualty Comi)any in the whole northwest section of the country, and is everywhere recognized as -an authority on ])ersonal liability law. lie was attorney for the Chicago, IMilwaukee & St. Paul l{ailway dm ing the critical years of its entry into the city. His ])iivate clientele controls many of the larger interests of the city atid state.

Judge Hcynold's ability is recognized by the general |)nlilic and by his professional colleagues. He is a man of \igorous and magnetic personality. He lias the i-arc iacnlt\- of billi-\ing absolutely in the righteousness of his position: an nmisual clarity and sledge hanuner force in the ])resentation of a cause; and — what is ])erhaps the final test of a good lawyer — great skill as a cro.ss examine r. Me is. loo, al)solutely fearless. There is a tra- dition in llie family that looking down on the face of a William Tvtiox, as he lay dead in his cofTin. Melville said: "Theie lies one who FK'vcr looked u])on the faei' of man with fear." Anyone who knows Judge Reynolds would not look farther for a convincing illiist lal ion of tlic possible transmission llii-ough generations ol' strong, defhiite. distinguishing family traits.

The .Indue has taken a pi-oinincnt part in the cf)uncils and Mork of the republican jjarty both in Massachusetts and Wash- ington. He is a zealous party worker and as a public speaker has few ecpials in the State. He has not only made nianv cam- l)aign speeches hut has foimd o|)portunit\ to deliver many addresses on educational, sociological, and political subjects

514 HISTORY OF TACOMA

throughout the state. His speeches invariably show deep tliought and careful study and the force and magnetism of his delivery add greatly to their etfectivness. ]Much of his success is due to the fact that he is not only thoroughly familiar w ith books, but has also had experience in various lines of work. Ue- fore entering college he "knocked about" as the saying is for several years, working in brick yards, in the lumber woods, as a stage driver, as clerk in a store and in fact doing anything he could find to do. He has always felt that the practical experience of the world which he gained during these years has been of greater value to him than all the books he has 'ever studied. It has given liim an insight into the conditions under wliich men live and work and into human motives which has aided him greatly in his work as an attorney. He has not only an enviable standing at the bar. but he is also personally pojjular antl is considered one of the leading citizens of Tacoma. He is a member of Lebanon Lodge, No. 10-i, F. & A. M.

In 1894 Judge Reynolds was married to ]May Diven Rol)erts of Watkins, Xew York, and they have a daughter, Margaret, nf)\\ a student in Vassar College.

RICHARD .AI. CROSBY.

Richard ]M. Crosby, of Tacoma, is well known in railroad circles as he holds the position of general master mechanic of the western division of the Xorthern Pacific Railroad. His birth occurred on the old Crosby Stock Farm, in the vicinity of St. Paul, jNIinnesota, in September, 1860, and his jjarents were Thomas and Emma E. (Ellsworth) Crosby. Until sixteen \'ears of age he attended the public schools and then, deciding that he needed more practical training, entered a business col- lege, in which he took a year's course. On leaving that institu- tion he devoted two years to work on his father's farm and then entered the shops of the Chicago, St. Paul. Alinneapolis & Omaha Railroad as a machinist's apprentice and served a term of four years. After working as a machinist for a similar length of time he was made foreman of the shojjs and held that position for three years, after w^hich he resigned and entered the employ of the Chicago Great Western Railroad as roundhonse foreman at Des ]Moines. Six months later he was transferred to their terminal at Oelwein and after remaining there for a like period

HISTORY OF TACOMA 515

of time he became gemral roiciiKiii with the- Cliicagu, St. I'aul, Milwaukee &: Omaha Kailioad, with which he remained for two years. On leaving tlieir service he became master mechanic of the Chicago Great Western Railroad Iciininal at Oelwein, Iowa, and remained there until November, 1'.I04, when he came to Ta- coma as shop superintendent of the Northern Pacific Railroad. On the 1st of October, 190G, he was appointed general master mechanic of the western district of that road and has since served in that impoi-tant capacity. His long experience fully (pialities iiim i'or tiie discharge of his duties, and he also possesses marked executive ability, which eiialiks liim to secure the full co- operation of the men vmder him.

Mr. C"rosl)y was married in l)es Moines. Iowa, in May, 1899, to Miss ^lay Rowan, by whom he has two children, iNlary, six- teen years of age, and John, Hlteen years old, both of whom are high school students.

Mr. Crosby believes that the principles of the Republican ])arty are sound and supports its candidates and measures at the polls. l'"raternally he is a member of tiie various York Rite Masonic bodies and is also identifiid with the ^lystic Shrine. He has worked his way steadily upward IViun a liiiiiiliK' jmsitiiin in tiie railroad service and is now serving in a position tiiat carries witii it a large measure of responsibility, and he is proving more than cijual to all the demands made upon his technical knowledge and his power of administrative control. lie has not only the goodwill of those under him, but also the respect of his associ- ates and the confidence of his su])eriors.

ii.vHin h]{i:n r i,.\ moxi'K.

Harry Rrent La .Mnnte, wlio has ciigagid in the piae- tice of law in W'asjiington iov ti\e years and tor three years has maintained his iiome in Tacoma. was born at Norfolk. A'irginia, on the 17th of October, 187H. He is of French descent on both sides of the house and his ancestors were prominent in the early settlement nf X'irginia.

Harry Rrent La Monte received a good education, prepar- inu' f(ir jdurnalism and for the law in southern educational insti- tutions. He first engaged in newspaper work and al)ont 190.5 came to the State of Washington. However, lie did not remain

iui'c ril that time, lint went to Alaska, wlieic h( sjx nt two vears vui. n-31

516 HISTORY OF TACOMA

mining and prospecting near Nome on the Seward peninsula. For some time he was editor of the Nome Daily Nugget, the only morning paper published on the shores of the Behring sea near the Arctic circle. Previous to taking up the practice of law he was identified with a number of important papers in the northwest, serving in the editorial department of the Tacoma Daily Ledger, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer and the E\'erett Daily Herald, representing the last named paper as special cor- resjjondent in Olympia during several sessions of the legislature. He was admitted to the bar of the state in 1910 and first engaged in practice in Everett, where he built up a large and represent- ative clientage. He was also for two years justice of the peace in one of the Snohomish County precincts near Everett. In 1912 he came to Tacoma, where he has since remained, and in the intervening four years he has won a highly creditable place in his profession. He belongs to both the Tacoma and the State Bar Associations and he is interested in all movements that seek to increase the efficiency of the courts.

Mr. La jNIonte was married on the 26th day of Se^Jtember, 1914, in Seattle to Miss Winifred Luella Parker, whose home was in Tacoma. They have a daughter. Winifred Irene, who was born in 191.5. Although a southerner by birth, he has sup- ported the Republican party since acquiring the right of fran- chise. He has always taken the keenest interest in public affairs and since 1911 has been one of the clerical force of the state senate. Din-ing the 1911 session he was both reading and docket clerk and during the 1913 and 1915 sessions he held the latter position. These connections and his service as special newspaper correspondent in the state legislatvn-e have made him well known among the men prominent in state affairs. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias and is also identified with the Tacoma Commercial Club. He is not only well informed and public- spirited, but is also progressive and broad-minded, and is I'ecog- nized as a valuable addition to tlie citizenship of Tacoma.

GEORGE P. WRIGHT.

George P. Wright, contractor, real estate and investment operator and merchant, all of which occupations he has followed at different periods of his later life, has had an active career both in private and public life. Born in 186.), in Ontario, Canada, he

OKORGE 1'. WRIGHT

AST. TlUi,.

HISTOKV OF TACOMA ',i<»

acciuircd a piil)lic scIkioI cdiicalioii and a part of a liiuli scIkkiI course until at tlu- a<>e of fifteen lie was alile to pass the ie(|iiit((l exaiiiiiiatioii for a teacher's eeitilicale. and IVimi Ihal time on his fnrther education was sclf-ac(]uired while teachin<>- school in early life. He henaii teachin<>- in Canada and followed it later till in 188'.l. in Walla Walla county, he secured a first ^rade teacher's certiticatc. hut in this yiar he u:u[ married and undertook wlii-at raisin<>- in preference to a (•(Hillnualion of saiaix emplov nu nl.

After fanning- ahout seven years near Dayton, Wasliinj^ton, Mr. Wright nio\ed to Taconia to accept the ])osition of state yrain ins])ector tendered him hy the then newly elected <;-overnor, .lojin U. Kogcrs, which position he held ahout li\ e years, until the death of the governor. During this time he accpiired a sub- stantial interest in the Tacoma (Irocery Company, a wholesale concern, which he still retains. Later for a year Mr. Wright acted as president of the North AVestern Wooden Ware Com- pany and in ]'.»() t lie was elected mayor of Tacoma as a democrat, though the city was repuhlican hy a ])ro])ortion of ahout three to one. and after serving one term was reelected a second time.

Mr. \\'right's business activities suffered during this jxiiod, his time and efforts hiiiig devoted to the man\ (hniands and duties of his office, which at that time carried nuich mori' ])ower and responsiI)ility than under the pi'esent commission form. Hut the two main things accomplished hy him while in public office during these four years Mr. Wright considei's his greatest life achievenu nts. These were tlie outlining, planning, engineering, financing and advocating of the two great i)ul)lic service munici- pally owned systems of power and light and of gravity water supply for the city of Tacoma. Tliere was nothing of either of these w|i( n Mr. Wright took office and there only remained the' execution of his plans i)y contract when he retired. Jioth of these systems are an un(|ualified success, and Mr. \\'right regards this accomplishment as his gicatest success in life.

After retirement IVoim ollicc in Tacoma M i-. Wright entered the coiilracting tiilii. doing a general Imsincss in that line, his largest single contiact amounting to over a million dollars. lie is now engaged in irrigation and drainage work and owns three steam drag-line excavators specially iiiiilt for that class of work. Mr. Wright married, in I.SH!>. .Miss .Susan HIcliardson and :\ family of six children, two hoys and four girls, have since been added. These aie: .Mabel, a graduate of Tacoma high school: .June, a graduate of the I 'niversilv of Washington, now Mrs.

520 HIST( )in' OF TACOMA

A. ^V. Lohiiiaun; Horace, now twenty-one years old and acting as bookkeeper on contract work; George, now in his first year at the Stadium high school; Wilnia, aged thirteen, now also in high school; and Miriam, wlio is nine years old and is attending the public school.

Mr. AVright has taken an active interest in democratic party politics for many years and has held high counsel at various times in that organization from county chairman to state chairman. He is a Scottish Rite jNIason, a Shriner, an Elk, Woodman of the World and a member of the National l^nion. ]Mr. Wright hopes to see and proposes to helj) to bring about the irrigation of several hundred of thousands of acres of prairie and light timbered lands situated in Pierce and Thurston counties, the water to be su])- ])lied by the Xisciually and South P\iyallup rivers with adetjuate storage provisions. This project is quite feasible and inexijcnsive find pregnant of greater results than any other undertaking of similar character in the United States. INIr. Wright predicts the early accomplishment of this mammoth jiroject and hopes to have it done by the Federal Government, the expense to be repaid by l)ropeftj' benefited on extended payments without interest.

HARRY E. PHELPS.

Harry E. Phelj^s, assistant prosecuting attorney of Pierce Comity, was born in Hillsdale, ^Nlills County, Iowa, .Time 23, 1876. In tracing the ancestral records of the family it is found that early representatives of the name became residents of America in colonial days and tliat the family was represented in the Revolutionary war. Phenias INIills Phelps, father of Harry E. Phelps, was born in New Hampshire and about 187-) removed to Iowa, where he engaged in business as a contractor and builder. He was a Civil war veteran, having served as a l)rivate in the Twenty-fifth jNIassachusetts Volunteer Infantry, with which he particii)ated in Burnside's expedition. Due to illness he was honorably discharged in 1863, after which he went to jSIinneapolis. He resided for a time in Iowa and afterward became a resident of Britton, South Dakota, where he took an active interest in public affairs, serving for several terms as a member of the school board and co-operating in many plans and projects for the general good. He there passed away in 1904,

11 ISTUKY UF TACU.MA 'j21

at the age of seventy-five years. His brother, James '1". P1r1|is. was ill eliarf^e, as siipcriiitnideiit. oC the interests ol' tlie 'reiiiiinal Kailway Company ;il .M iniu;i|)()hs and married a sister of the wife ol' .lames .1. Hill, the railway magnate of St. Paul. The wife ol" I'lunias M. Phelps hore tlie maiden name of l-'raneavilla Fogg and was horn in .Maine, a daughtei- of Calvin Fogg, of an old family of the Pine Tree state of Seoteh-Kngiish deseeiit. Mrs. Plielps is now li\ iiig in Taeoma at the age of sevency-two j-eai's.

Harry K. Phel])s. an only ehild. after jiassing through eon- seeutive grades in the puhlie sehools until he had heeome a high sciiddl student, eontinucd his i ilncilinn iu the Universitv of Min- nesota at -Minneapolis, eompleting a law course hy graduation with the elass of 1898. His studies were not pursued eonseeu- tively. however, for lie early made his initial step in the busi- ness world. At tile age of thirteen years he was apjjrentiecd to leaiii the planter's triidv and w nikcd in a job oilier and also on the 3Iimieapolis Times. It was from his earnings as a printer that he paid his way through the univei'sity. Following his graduation he removed to Hi'itton. .South Dakota, wlurc he entered upon the practice of law and at the same time iiublished the Marshall County Sentinel, which at that time was a |io|)nlist paper, iiut has since changed its political complexion, becoming a Hepuiili- ean oi-gan. Mi-. I'lielps conducted the paper I'or si.x years and from \'.H)-2 until !!»()(; inclusive he occupied the jiosition of state's attorney at l^ritton. but at length disposed of all of his interests there and removed to Taeoma, where he arrived January 1, I'.iO?. Here he joined H. W . Fueders in organizing the law firm of I.,ueders iV: I'helps and sul)se(|ucnlly he became a partiiei- of ,\. P. I.ooniis uiidei- llie liini slyK of {.noniis \ Phelps. Still latt-r he ]»raetiee(l as the a.ssociate of .1. W. .Sildeii. under the (inn style of I'helps (S: .Selden. and later was alone in practice for tliree years. On the llth of .Fannary. l!)!."). he became assistant ])roseenting attorney of Pierce Countw whic-li ollice be now (ills. bis entii-e time and attention being gl\-en to the duties of the jiosition. w liich he discharge s w ith a sense of conscienlious obli- gation and with marked ability, leaving little to be desired.

.\t Hiitton. .South Dakota, occurred the mari'iage of Mr. Pin l|is anil Miss \'i\ ian Iv I'urber. a native of Minnesota and a daughter of Charles ami Helen (Dunnell) l"'urber. a prom- inent family of liritton. l-'or eight years prior to her marriage Mrs. Phelps served as deputy in the otKce of the county treasurer

522 HISTORY OF TACOMA

of jNIarshall County, South Dakota. One son has been born of this marriage. Elbridge Furber, whose bii'th occurred at Britton, August 31, 1904..

]Mr. Phelps was made a JNIason in South Dakota and has taken the degrees of the Royal Arch chapter in Tacoma, while his wife is affiliated with the Fastern Star, in the work of which she is very active. JNIr. Phelps belongs also to the Flks, Odd Fellows and JMoose and in the last named organization was the first appointed to the office of first district deputy supreme dic- tator of the state. He belongs to the University Club and finds pleasant association among the men of intellect who constitute its membershii). His religious belief is that of the Universalist chui-ch, while his political faith is tliat of the Rei)ublican party, of which he has ever been a stalwart advocate. His membership along professional lines extends to the Pierce County and to the Washington State Bar Associations. His entire life has been characterized by ])erseverance and determination, and ability and laudable amltition have carried him beyond the point of mediocrity to a place among the successful and representative lawyers of his adopted city.

BENJAMIN F. JACOBS.

Benjamin F. Jacobs, one of the prominent attorneys of Ta- coma was born in Jefferson, Kansas, on the 9th of October. 1866. He accompanied his parents, Henry and ]Maria (Kearns) Jacobs, to Pawnee County, Nebraska, in 1870 and at the usual age entered the 2)ublic schools. AVhen seventeen years old he became a student in the high school at Washington, Kansas, and after remaining there for two years matriculated in Campbell College at Holton. Kansas, which institution conferred upon him the Bachelor of Science degree in 1886. He then returned to Pawnee, Nebraska, and entered the office of Joseph Goudy, who was then district attorney. After reading the law for two years INIr. Jacobs came to Washington in 1888, locating in PuyallujJ, where he engaged in the practice of his chosen pro- fession, having been admitted to the bar of the state. In 1890 he removed to JMontesano, Washington, where he remained until 1892. when he returned to Puyallu}). He again opened offices there and it was not long before he secured a representative

IIISTOKV (Jl TACD.MA 523

clientage. In 1H!)7 and 18!)8 he served a;-: assistant ])r()seentin^- attorney of I'ieree County with ofliees in Taeoina. Imt dnrinf»' that time he still continued his praetiee at Puyalhip. IIi re- mained there until the spring- of 1000, when he went to Xoiue, Alaska, and accepted the position of manager of the Alaska Barge iS: Lighter C'omjjany.

In the fall of that vear. hi>\\t\ ti-. Mr. .lacohs resiuned and came to Tacoiiia. wlierr \\v praetietd law iiidcpendently until 1905, when he hecame a niemher of the firm of I'itch & Jacohs. In 1012 .Judge Arnstein was admitted to the tirm. which is now Fitch. .Jacol)s and Arnstein. >M r. .lacohs has gained high lank in a ])rofes.sion in whieli there is the keenest competition and in which pron)inence can lie won only hv those possessing intellect- ual ability of a high order. lie has a keen logical mind, which has been well disciplined, and he also has that thorough knowl- edge of statute and precedent w hieh is indispensable to the suc- cessful lawyer. Moreover, he has always recognized the fact that the thorough piepai-ation of a case is necessary and over- looks nothing that might have a bearing ujjon the outcome of the trial.

On the 19th of. June. I8S'.t. Mr. .Jacobs was married in Taw- nee, Xebraska, to Miss Klinor Edgerton and they have live children. Claude, who is twenty-four years of age, graduated from the Tacoma high school and then entered the I'niversity of \Vashington. which conferred u])on him the degree of A. H. He is n«)w engaged in farming on .\nderson Island, in I'iii-ee County. George E., who is twenty-two years of age, is also a graduate of the Tacoma high school and sjjcnt two years in the I'niversity of ^^'asIling•ton. After leaving that institution he was employed for two years in a machine sli(i|). but since the expiration of that period has been manager of the Puyallup Ice & Cold Storage Company. Fiank II., who is nineteen years of age. is a gi-adnate ol' the Taeiima high school and is now oper- ating his latln-r"s lancli. .Mary. Inurteen years of age, is in the high selini.I. .md .\nna. who is twelve years old, is attending the public schools.

Mr. .Jacobs is an advf)cate of l{eiMii)lican i)rinci|)les and sup- ports the candidates of that party at the ])olls. He has always taken a great interest in piil)lic affairs and has ever been w illing to cooperate with others in working out pi;iiis lor the conunu- nity welfare. After the big flood of lOOd a conunittee of King and Pierce Couiitv citizens was selected to make a careful studv

524 HISTORY OF TACOMA

of the Duwamish and Puyallup Hood problem and Mr. Jacobs served as secretary of that body for some time. Altlio\igh lie is not now officially connected \\ ith the committee he is still nmch interested in its work. lie belongs to the Commercial Club of Tacoma and also to the Puyallup Commercial Club and endorses the policy of those organizations. He is well known fraternally, belonging to the Elks, the Woodmen of the ^Yorld and the ]Masons. He holds membership in Corinthian Lodge, A. F. & A. ]M., of which he has served as master, and he is an ex-president of tlie Pierce County Past ^Masters Association of ]Masonry, and he is also identified with Tacoma Lodge of Perfection, Xo. 9, A. & A. S. K. He is a past commodore of the Pacific Interna- tional Power Boat Association and owns the Corsair, a power boat fifty by eleven feet, which has twice won and now holds the championship of the Paget Sound and Columbia Kiver waters. He has also served as commodore of the Tacoma Yacht Club and has had much to do with the development of a wide-spread interest in yacht and jjower boat racing in the Northwest. In all of the relations of life to which he has turned his attention he has gained prominence as the residt of his forceful person- ality, his enterprise and his power of leadership, and he is justly considered one of the foremost citizens of Tacoma.

CHARLES E. HAGBERG.

Charles E. Hagberg, who is secretary, treasurer and general manager of the Pacific Shingle Company, one of the important industrial concerns of Tacoma, was born in Vermland, Sweden, on the 1st of April, 1876, a son of Erick and Johanna Hagberg. He attended the public schools until he was fourteen years old and then turned his entire attention to farm work, aiding in the operation of the home place until he was twenty-one years old. He then entered the Swedish army and served therein about three years, or until the time of his coming to America. On emigrating to the United States he came to Tacoma, where he seciu'ed work as a laborer for the Xorth Tacoma Shingle Company. After re- maining with that concern for three months, he became millwright for the Carlson Brothers Mill Company, which position he filled for a year and a lialf. At the exjiiration of that period he and two brothers, Lewis and Andrew Hagberg, and Fred Johnson

ClIAIiLKS i;. HAOBERO

HISTORY or TACU.MA 527

oifjaiiizcd the Pacific Shiii<>lc C'()in])aiiy ^vitll Mr. Jolmson as jjicsiilctit. Lewis IIa^I)ei\i>'. secretary and treasurer. Aiidi'ew IIa^l)er<>-, t'oreiiiaii and our sul)jeet inill\\rii>iit. In I'.tll Mr. Jolmson disposed of his interest in the company and Aruh'ew IIai>l)er<i- sncceeded liini as jjresident. I'pon tlie deatii of Lewis IIagber<)' in 1!)07, Charles K. l)ecanie <4eneral manager as well as secretary and treasurer, all of which positions he is still fillinn^. The company mamifactures shin<>les exclusively and Iheir prod- uct finds sale throuf^hout tiie entire United States.

Charles K. Ha<>l)erg was married in Tacoma on tlie 2'2t\ of ()ctol)er. 1!H4. to Miss Annie F. ^lyren. and tliey iiavt' a daii^li- ter, Ellen. lie is an adherent of the ReiMiblican ])arty and mani- fests a commctidahle interest in the coniiiinnily welfare, although he is nf)t an aspii-ant for office. I''i'aUrnally lie is alliliated with both the York and the .Scottish Kite Masonic bodies, witli the ]My.stic Shrine and with the Scandinavian Brotherhood. In reli- gious faith he is a Lutlu r.in ;in(l llu- UacliiiiL;'s of that organiza- tion are the guiding principles of his life. The gratifying measure of success which he has gained in luisincss is the direct result of his own effort, his strict attention to the matter in hand and his sound judgment.

AXDHKW IIAGBERG.

Andrew IIagl)erg, president of tlie Pacific Shingle Com- pany, is recognized as one of the progressive and capable busi- ness men of Tacoma. His l)irth occurred in \'eiinlan(l, Sweden, on the 12th of April. 18.50. and he is a son of Erick and .Johanna Hagberg. I'niil roiirletii years of age iimili of liis time was de- voted to ac<|uiring an education, lint snl)se(|uently lie worked in the lumber mills in various ])laces in Sweden until he was twenty- four years old. IL' then emigrated to the United States and was tiii|)liiy((l III llic liiiiilii'i- mills in Mnskci^on, .Micliignn. for several years. He then removed to Washburn, Wisconsin, where he was a sawyer in a lumber mill I'm some timi'. Later he went to Min- neapolis and during tlie summer UDrkcd in lb( himbcr mills, wiiile tile winters were gi\en i>\cv to study until IS'.tH. In that year he came to Tacoma and was emi)loyed as .sawyer foi' the Xoitb Tacoma Shingle Cf)mpany until l!l()2. when he. with his brothers a?id I-'red .Johnson, oiganized the I'acilic Shingle Com-

528 IIISTORV OF TACOMA

pany, of which he served as millwright until 1!)14, when he was made president of the concern, lie has since held that office.

Mr. Hagherg supports the Repuhlican party at the polls, is a member of the Lutheran church and is connected with the Scot- tish Rite jNIasons, the Mystic Shrine and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He is popular in all these organizations and, in fact, all who come in contact with him respect him highly because of his ability and probity.

PETER CARL PAULSOX.

That success has attended Peter Carl Paulson is indicated by the fact that the small tea and coffee business which he estab- lished sixteen years ago, with a capital f)f one hundi-ed dollars, has grown to such an extent that the annual trade now amounts to one hundred thousand dollars. "Sir. Paulson was born in Neenah, Wisconsin, on the 1.5tli of December. 1868, a son of IMads and JMarien Paulson, nati\es of Denmark. The father came to America with his family in 18<)4< and engaged in farming in the middle west. He passed away in 1905 when he was eighty years of age. The mother, who is now seventy-six years old, is living in Tacoma.

Peter Carl Paulson obtained his education in Wisconsin and in the Northern Indiana Normal School at Valparaiso, Indiana, now known as Valparaiso University. After completing his schooling he taught for four years in Wisconsin and then engaged in general merchandising at Clam Falls, that state, for three years. In 1893 he sold his interest to his partner and, coming to Tacoma, was associated for a year with his brother, P. A. Paul- son, in business. At the end of that time he opened a candy store at No. 715 Commerce street, which he conducted for five years, after Avhich he sold out and entered the employ of Rhodes Brothers, \\-ith whom he remained ff)r two years. In 1900 he began his jjresent business on a very small scale, opening a tea and coffee store at the present location of Rhodes Brothers. The store occu])ied but five hundi'ed and forty s(|uare feet of floor space and the rent was but eighteen dollars a montli. Mr. Paul- son began Avith but one hundred dollars capital but he was suc- cessful from the beginning and after a year was obliged to add another i-oom to accommodate his growing trade. Three years

IIISTOKV OF TAtO.MA 529

later he was compclltd to move, in order to ••■ive j)laee to a l)iiil(l- iiiU'tliat was to l)e ei'eeted. and he rented a room in thi' .loiii-s hloek, t\\enty-li\c liy a hnmh'cd I'eet in diineiisions. At'tei' rt-niaining' there for tliree years he estal>iishe(l his store in tiie eoriiei- room of the ^Varhnrton I)nihhnn at IlOl-."} Jiroaduay, where he re- mained for seven and a half years, after wliieh he removed to ll().j-7 Hroadway. Mr. I'anlson is ei'eetin^- a tliree story hriek hnildint; at \\:i'2-'-il-'-U> Hroadway. wiiieli he ex])eets to ii((ii|)\ August I. I'.iHl. Tin new Ntorc. lo he ealled the Hroadwav l'>ni- IJorium, will he modern in e\eiv respeet. The eoneern is reeog- nized as one of the most important of its eharaeter in the eity. Mr. Paulson has eontimied to yive close attention to all |)hases of the business and has ])ro\ed a ])ro<>'i'essi\'e and np-lo-date nierehanl.

.Mr. I'anlson was married in Taeoma to Miss IIel.ua .lohn- son. \\lio is a native of Minnesota and was horn in Deeemher. 187-. They have hecome the ])arents ol' the followin''- children, all natives of Taeoma : (Jenev ie\ c, w ho was horn .lannarv 'J. IS'.ti); Beatrice, whose hirth occurred on the 2d of .Jaiuiary, I'.)()l : Helen. mIio was horn Xovemher !>. 1!)();{: ronstance, horn in l'\hruary. I'.IOT: and Mathew Teter. on the ."JOtli of August, 1!)(M>.

.Mr. I'anlson east.s his ballot in support of the candidates and niea.sures of the repuhliean party. He l)elon<>s to tlu- I aitluiiui church and is also c'onnected with the Dania Society. Through his meiiihership in the Commercial C'luh he aids in promoting the ci\ ic and eoinmercial advanccnicnl of Taeoma and his public spii-it has always liceii one of his most uKiikid characteristics. >\s his ca])ital has increased he has invested in Taeoma real estate, as he has great faith in the future of the city. lie owns valuable manufacturing sites on the tide ilats and other realtv holdings. He owns a conifortai)lr home at Xn. 280,) \oiih Warm r street and .-dsii ■■in ;i 1 1 raci i\ r sniiiiiiir ImiMc on .\mcricaii lake.

CHARLES I>. PAILSOX.

Charles I,. I'anlson is well known in Taeoma as a membt-r of Paulson's, Inc., of which his bi-othcr, Peter C. Paulson, is |)rcsi- dent. This concern does an aiuuial business of one hundred thousand dollaivs, although it was established onlv sixteen vears ago with the insigiiilicant capital of one hundred dollai's. A

530 HISTORY OF TACOMA

native of Wisconsin, Charles L. Paulson, was born on the 5th of December, 1870, a son of ]Mads and ^Nlarien Paulson, further mention of whom is made in the sketch of Peter C. Paulson.

Charles L. Paulson was educated in the public schools of Wisconsin and during his boyhood and youth was also trained in habits of industry and concentration througli assisting- in the work of the home farm. When eighteen years of age he went into the lumber business with his brother, and after coming to the west was for several years connected with the Tacoma Lum- ber iNIanufacturing Company. In 1893 he returned to Wiscon- sin and engaged in luml)ering there until 190.5, when he came again to Tacoma, Avhere he has since remained. He became associated with his l)rother, Peter Carl Paulson, who in 1900 had estal)lished a small tea and coffee .store at the present loca- tion of Khodes Brothers. The business had grown rapidly and when our subject became interested in the enterprise the firm of Paulson's, Inc., was formed \\ith 1*. C. Paulson as president and C. L. Paulson as secretary and treasurer. The latter has complete charge of the clerical work of the firm and also assists his brother in the management of other phases of the business. He is a man of natm'al executive ability and of unusual insight into business conditions and he has been an important factor in the success of the firm. The \olume of their business has grown steadily and now amounts to one hundred thousand dollars annually.

jMr. Paulson is nonpartisan in politics, studying carefully the qualifications of a candidate and voting for the man whom he deems best fitted for the ottice witliout regard to party lines. He has always manifested a keen interest in the welfare of Ta- coma and can be depended upon to cooperate with the various organizations that are seeking to advance the interests of the city. He has gained a wide acquaintance in business and social circles and is held in high esteem.

OWEN WOODS.

Owen Woods, who from 1910 to 191(1 occupied the position of commissioner of public works as a member of the Tacoma city comicil, was born March 16. 18.52, in County ^Nlonaghan, Ireland, his parents being Owen and Birdelia (^IcJMahon)

IIISTOKV U1-' TACO.MA 531

Woods, who were also natives of the green isle ol' Krin. The son began his edneation in the sehools ol' his native eoiintry, behig gradiiateil lidiii tlii' luitidiial -,eliools of Ireland, snbse- quent to whieh time he crossed tiie Atlantie and later puisiied a eoi'respondenee eonrsi' in Chicago. Illinois.

It was in 18(il> tiiat ^Ir. Woods eanie to the new woilil, set- tling in Chieago, where lie was residing dnring the great con- flagration of 1871. lie was fiist engaged in general railroad constrnetion work anil was employed on several of the leading tratlie lines, sneh as the Boston & ^Vlbany and the Chieago, Bur- lington & Quincy Railroads. He arrived in Taeonia on the 18th of November, 1S7<;. wlun a young inau of t\\ ciitv-i'our years, and turned his attention to contract work on Ihi Northern Pacific Kailway. being thus engaged for a number of years. lie afterward became road master for that com]>any, with which he continued for twelve years, and was also with tiie Tacoma Kailmad v^ Power Company as superintendent of constiuction for a mimber of years. In 1 !)().> he was a])pointed commissioner of public works under the old city government commission and in 1!H() was elected undei- the new form of govei'nment as a nitiiilHi- III thi- ('(iiuicil and has since cuntinucd in that connection to act as commi.ssioner of public works. That he proved a most efficient officer is intlicatcd in the length of his service, covering eleven years, and tangil>le evidence of his capabilitv and devo- tion to duty is seen in tlie fine .streets of Tacoma, tnvv which he has supti'vision. the tboinnghfarcs of Tacoma being said to l)c the fhiest and l)est of any city in the state. In p<ilitics he is a Democrat and has been an active worker.

In Denver, Colorado, in IHJ'.i, Mr. Woods married Mi.ss .Mary Mc.Malion, a native of Ciiieago and a daughter of James and Hridget -McMahon. pioneer settlers of that city. The fol- low ing children ha\e been I)orn to them: Kdward, born in Denver. Colorado, in 1874. is now a merchant at l'"oit (iibbons. Alaska. William was liurn in Taciuna and is willi the Chicago. Milwaukee & St. Paul Hailroad Cnin]iany as engiiucr in this city. Prancis, born in Tacoma, is now in the hardware l)usine.ss in Seattle, (ieorge. born in Tacoma, is now countv engineer of Pierce Count}-. James is comiected with llie engineering de- partment (if llie Tacoma smelter, .\nnie is the w idnw df Charles Ilartman and resides in this city. May i\llen is also a resident of Tacoma, the fanu'ly home being at No. 2K)1 North Seven- teenth street, which property Mr. \Voods owns.

•W2 HISTORY OF TACOMA

The religious faith of the family is that of tlic lioiiiaii Cath- olic church. By reason of his identification therewith jNIr. Woods has become a member of the Knights of Columbus. He belongs to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and to the Loyal Order of ]Moose. Forty years have come and gone since Mr. AVoods arrived in Tacoma. There are comparati\'ely few in the city whose residence antedates his and there is ^practically no phase of the city's life and development with which he has not been connected. In all the years that he has been a public official no charge of dishonesty has been made against him — certainly a rare experience in public life covering so long a period. His strength lies in his blunt honesty, an ecjually blunt frankness, in his common sense, in his tireless industry, for he knows no "jiours," and in a driving sense of responsibility to his com- munity.

MICHAEL J. BUREN.

Michael J. Buren, foi-merly president of the Olymj^ic Steam Laundry l)ut now living retired, was born in Denmark on the 17tli of September, 18(J(), a son of Jensen and Anna Buren. He devoted much of his time to acquiring an education until he was fourteen years of age, when he left school and for five years worked on his father's farm. When nineteen years old he entered the Danish army, in which he served for a year and a half, and at the end of that time he went to Omaha, Nebraska, being engaged in farming in its vicinity imtil 1888. He then returned to Denmark and for nine months followed the bricklayer's trade but at the end of that time came again to the United States and located in Tacoma, where he was similarly empkn'ed until 1893.

JNIr. Buren then joined his brother, Louis J. Buren, in the establishment of what is now known as the Olympic Steam Laun- dry, of which he became president. Their business was estab- lished in 1893 but it was first conducted under the name of the Peoples Hand Laundry. Their jdant was located at No. 1117 Eleventh street and they occu]:)ied one floor twenty by forty feet and employed three jieople. In January, 1898, they leased the Cascade I^aundry at Twenty-second and A streets, which they operated until December, 1900. when they purchased the Wash- ington Laundry at No. 407 South J street and changed its name

.Mil llAKL .1. BUREN

HISTOin' OF TACOMA 535

1(1 llic- ()lyin]iic Stt-aiii L;iiiiHlr\ . In lltol tlicy jjurclia.scd tlie southeast coiik !• n\' 'riiirUcnth and .MarUct streets ami erecttd a two-story luick Imildini;-. si\ly-li\c hy cmc limidred ami Iwcnh' feet in diiuensioiis, in wliieli linsiness is still eondiieted. In the same year lliey ine()r])(iraled. .M. .1. liwren heini^' eleeted president and manager, and Louis J. liuieu seeretary and tieasnrei-. 'I'lie i-a|)id uiiiwlli ol' tluir iiiisiness is indiealcd in the cdtitiast between the si/e of the lii-st planl and ()\' the priscnl liuildinu and also hy the faet that althon<^li tluy iir/^an with three eniploxes the eoiupany now have one hundied and operate eleven wa<^ons and antnnidliilf ti neks in ((illcetinLf and delivering- laundry. 'I'hey ha\e insisted upcn inaliifaininL;' (he liiyhesl standard uj' wcjrk and ha\c installed the most up-to-date maehinery.

-Ml-. Hureii of this review was married in Taeoma to Miss .Mari>aret Hansen, hy wIkuii he has thi-ee ehildirn. Newton, twcniy-tlii-ic yt'ai-s (jjd. wlin is a graduate dI' the 'racnina hiiih sehndl and sp( nt two years as a student in the State College, is now en,L;a,iied in the eiiiiineerinir department of the Taeoma Smeltin<i- Company. Harry, eighteen years old, is a hi<ih sehool student. Anona. el(\ en years old. is attendini;' a |)i-ivate .school.

.Mr. I'nrcn takes t lie interest of a <^'ood eiti/.cn in pnhh'e affairs iint has ne\ er been aeti\ <.• in polities. He belongs to the Commer- cial Club and the Chamber of Commeree and is in heartv sym- pathy with its plans and pinposes. His activity and associated eH'nrt^ Inr the iipbuildinL; of the laundry iiidnslrv have .■ilwavs iitcn appreciated by his fellow members and in Mil.) lit- was e!((tt(l |)rcsidcnt of tlie Orcn'on. Washington and liritish Colum- l)ia I.anndrymen's Association. Mr. Huren is also a member of Ihe Nati(inal i.anndrymen's .(Vssoeiation of .\merica. Hc' has concentrated his eneruies njion the building up of his Imsiness and in so doiny has not only gained individual prosperit\ but has l)een a I'actor in the industrial expansion of Taeoma.

inCiH .\I).\.MS.

.(\mong the sneee^^l■ul Imsiness men of 'I'acoma is Hngli Adams, the .secretaix and Ireasurei- (>{' the Taeoma .Meat Com- pany. His ])irth occui-rcd in IMMli|)sbui-g. I\imsylvania, on the .'{(1 (d" \o\cmber. 187K and his |)arents were Hugh and Hannah Adams. The father was horn in (iarricksfarings, Ireland, on

536 HISTORY OF TACOMA

tlie Ist of April, 182G, and received the greater part of his edu- cation there. Having heard much concerning the excellent op- portunities in the United States, he came to this country when eighteen years of age and settled in Center County, Pennsyl- vania. He secured work which permitted him to attend school during a part of the time and he continued his studies until he was twenty-one years of age. He then hegan teaching and after following that profession for three years went into the lumber business. He was very successful in his undertaking and in a comparatively short time was the owner of a number of mills throughout Center County. At leng-th he sold his interests there and renio\ed to Philipsburg, Pennsylvania, where lie estab- lished a general store, which he conducted until his death on the 19th of September, 1897.

Hugh Adams was given excellent educational advantages as, after graduating from the high school at Philipsburg in 1900, he attended the Pennsylvania State College at Bellefonte for two years. After leaving that institution he went to Johnstown, Pennsyhania. and entered the employ of the Berwind White Coal Company in the capacity of clerk. He worked his way up- w^ard through various positions to purchasing agent, but in 1907 resigned and came to Tacoma. He Itought the Commercial meat market, which he operated successfully, and in April, 1912, he extended the scoj^e of his activities to the organization of the Tacoma JNIeat Company, of which he has since been secretary and treasurer. The other officers are: E. J. Hoover, president, and J. ]M. Xeal, vice president. They have a packing house on the tide flats, where they have a killing capacity per day of ten cattle, forty hogs and fifty sheep. They ship meat all over the state and also have a retail store at Xo. 1.306 Jefferson street. JNIr. Adams continued to operate the Commercial market inde- pendently until X'ovember, 1914, when he sold out. and since that time he has devoted his entire attention to the affairs of the Tacoma Meat Company. He is enterprising and aggressive and seldom fails to utilize an opportunity, but he is also prudent and does not believe in ill-considered or reckless expansion.

]Mr. Adams was married in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, t)n tlie 7tli of JNIarch, 1898, to ]Miss Elizabeth H. Lingle, and they have become the parents of three children : Hugh, Jr., who is sixteen years of age and is attending high school: and Helen L., four- teen years old, and Joseph Paul, ten years of age. both of whom are public school students.

HISTORY OF TACOMA 537

31 r. .Vdaiiis is an aillicrciit ul' tlic Kcpiiljlicaii parly, uliose candidates he supports at the polls. Fraternally he helon^s to the ]\Iasons and Koyal Arcaiiuni. ami liis rt'ligious faith is indi- cated hy his iiu nilicTship in the Preshyterian chin'ch. 'riirnnyh his identification with tiie Conimercial C'hih he Uee[)s in close touch with the men who are doinf>- nu)st for the dcvelopnient of Tacoma along* husiness and industrial lines, and he cooperates heartily in all projects for the public welfare. He is very much pleased with conditions in Tacoma and expects to make this city his permanent home.

C. BERG.

C. Berg, who is serving efficiently as secretary and ti'easurer of the Western Steam Laundry at Tacoma. was horn in Nor- way on the :3d of May. 1881. His father. Charles Berg, has passed his entire life in the land of the midnight sun and has now reached tin advanced age of eighty years, while his wife, 3Irs. Johanna Berg, is seventy-six years old. Aside from oui- subject they have one son living, Charles Beig. .Tr.. who is resid- ing in Norway.

C. Berg attended school in his native land, where he re- mained until 18!)8. when, at the age of seventeen years, he emi- grated to the Fnited States. Four years later, or on the 2d of October. I'M)'!, he arrived in Tacoma and for al)oul seven years worked on the water front. During tliat tinu' he saved sulliciciit money to go into l)usincss nn his own account and joined O. H. Oleson and .Marvin McXish in the organization ol' the Western Steam Laundry. In IDTi IMr. Oleson and Mr. Berg l)ought out the interest of Mr. .McXish in the concern and have since remained its sole owners. The plant is one of the best in the city, great ])ains having been taken to secure good lighting and \entilation and the equipment being thoroughly u|)-to-datc. and it is valued at about seven thousand dollais. Kmploymcnt is furnished to ten girls and three nun and one wagon and nnr auloninliilc aix' used in calling lor and dilixiring work. 'I'hc annual l)usiniss now amounts to about eighteen thou- sand dollars and theic is every reason to believe that it will still further increase in the future, as the policy of the company is one that makes for eontiruicd growth. As secretarv and

538 HISTORY OF TACOMA

treasurer Mr. Berg has been active in the management of the business and its development has been due in no small measure to his close attention to details, his aggressiveness and his sound judgment.

]Mr. Berg was married on the 2d of ]March, 1907, and has a son, Clarence, who was born on the 16th of ^lay, 1909. ]Mr. Berg is independent in jjolitics and has confined his activity in public affairs to the exercise of his right of franchise. He is f)rominent in the Sons of Xorway, being president of the local lodge and district treasvu'er. Along strictly business lines he is a member of the Laundry ]Men's Association and takes an active interest in the work of that organization. The success which he has gained is due entirely to his own determination and good management, for he had neither capital nor influential friends when he came to this city fourteen j^ears ago.

LEO GUS WALLACE.

Among the transportation companies of Tacoma are the ]Mil- waukee Tug Boat Comjjany and the Tacoma & Oakland Bay Transportation Company, of both of which I^eo Gus Wallace is manager and the controlhng stockholder. His wide experience in such lines and his sound judgment enable him to manage the affairs intrusted to him in a most able manner and the business of the two companies has shown a steady growth. His office is at Xo. 1121 East Eleventh street.

A native of Washington, he was born at Olympia in Septem- ber, 1868, of the marriage of Captain David P. and Esther (Tallentire) Wallace, who were of Scotch and English descent respectively. The maternal grandparents resided in Portland, Oregon, for a number of years. Captain David P. Wallace crossed the Atlantic from Scotland to America on a sailing ves-^el when he was a boy of fourteen years. In 1849 he located at San Francisco and entered the service of the Pacific INIail Steamship Company, being employed on a ship running between San Fran- cisco and Panama. In 18.52 he brought the steamer. New World, to Puget Sound from San Francisco and for several years operated that boat on the Sound. In 1860 the boat was returned to San Francisco and Captain 'Wallace Avent to Portland. Oregon, and secured command of the Eliza Anderson, which he brought

LEO G. WALLACE

t;;'

IIISTOUV Ol TACOMA 541

to Tiigcf Soiitul and ran liftwccii A'ictoria. British C'()lnml)ia, and ()lyin|)ia. Wasliingtdn, until aliont ]H(U. Ih- llicii took cliai'^c of tlic tuii lioat, Blakcley, loi- llu' Port Blakeley .Mill ('(unpan}, in nliosf employ lie remained for aixnit two vcais. A I tlit- end of that time lie was indneed to again i)eeonie master of the Kli/.a Aiidersctn and remained on that i)oat until ahout 1H71. when he became eoniieeted wilh liu- Hanson 3Iill Company oT Old Taeoina. for wlioni he operated the tug hoat, Taeoma. until 1878. In that year he took charge of the Kliza Anderson for the third time and ran the boat on the old route from ^'ictoria to Olympia until 188.), when he retired from active life and located ])ei-ma- n(nlly in 'racnina. Ili^ (Iciiiise occuncd in this eilv on the (Uh of September, 18y-4, but lii.s wife sur\ i\ed him for a number of years, her death occurring on the 12th of October, lid.). They wt-re the parents of three sons and two daughters, of whom the iiijldwing suivive: Captain David K., who is living in Taeoma: Kohalla. w ho is now the wife of I. W. Dudley. coninK leial agent in Seattle of the Kansas City Southern Kailroad; and Leo (tus. The last named attended the jiublic schools in Taeoma in the ac(]uirement of an education and aftei- putting aside his textbooks entered tlie service of Die Xorthcrn Pacilie Kailroad. He was fireman and engineer from 1S8<) to 181)1 and in the latter year he became an engineer on the Chicago, Milwaukee iV St. Paul Kailroad. running between \'an Horn. Iowa, and Chicago. in 18!>2. Iidwcver, he left that road and Iiecvniic cnnnceled with llie Pemisybania Kailroad Coiii|).iny, accepting the jiosition of engineer of its car ferry service at \ew York city. .After re- maining there for two years he went to San Francisco and became (|uartermaster and mate of the car ferry .service of the Soutliern I*acilic ICilliuad Ciim|iany (here. He so cnntiniicd until 1808, when be became connected with the Pacific Mail Steamshij) Com- ])any and was made mate on one of their sbijis on the Panan>a and Oriental route. In lltOi' he became identified with the Santa Fe l{ailroail and fin- five years had eliniLir of the car f'errv service of that company at S.in I'rancisco. lumiing boats between San Fi-ancisco. Point l{iehmon<l and ports on the San .Foa(|uiii river. He was next in the employ of the Mexican Central Kail- way as mai-inc su])erintendcnt, ha\ ing charge of their fleet out of lioth Tanipico and .Man/.anillo, Mexico. In .^Ial^b. l'.M)'.». how- ever, he returned to Taeoma and orgaiii/ed the Milwaukee Tug Boat Comjiany, of which he is manager aiul majority stock- holder and which handles the ferrv service of the .Milwaukee

5^2 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Railroad out of Taconia. The coni])any operated but one boat when it was estabhshed in ^larch, 190!), but its business lias grown so rapidly that it now has six boats and gives employment to sixteen men. ^Ir. Wallace is also the manager and controlling stockholder in the Tacoma & Oakland Bay Transi)ortatioii Com- pany, whose alt'airs are likewise in a most satisfactory condition. As the city has grown he has expanded his business to meet the increased opportunities, and the two companies under his man- agement are recognized as factors in the commercial expansion.

"Sir. Wallace was married in 1908 in California to Miss May Reher, a daughter of J. C. Reher, a retired farmer of Los Angeles. Two children have been born to this union: George, who is attending school; and Bruce, fom- years of age.

JMr. Wallace is identified with the ^Masonic order, in, which he has taken the degrees of the commandery, and he is also a member of the JNIystic Shrine and is likewise affiliated with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. He has lieen a lifelong republican but, although he has taken considerable interest in public affairs, he has never sought oflfice. He has done all in his power to further tlie interests of his party at the polls and is now secretary of the Railroad Employes' Republican Cluo. Practically his entire life has been spent on the Pacitic coast and he remembers when the site of new Tacoma was completely cov- ered by large timber. He has seen many sections of tlie new world but has never found a section that suits him as well as the Puget Sound country, and of the various cities in this district he prefers Tacoma. He has a wide acquaintance here and there are many who are his warm personal friends. He resides in a beautiful home at Xo. 210 North Yakima street.

FREDERICK W. SOUTHWORTH, M. U.

Dr. Frederick W. Southworth, physician and surgeon, with oflfices in the Fidelity building at Tacoma, was born in Thedford, Ontario, Canada, February 7, 1860. The family history can be traced back to Cedric, king of AVessex, who flourished about the fifth century, and the family seat is Salmesbury Hall, in Lan- cashire, England. It was forfeit to the crown through the defec- tion of Sir John Southworth, who embraced Protestantism in the sixteenth century. The name was originally de Southworth.

Ins^()H^■ oi- tacoma 543

Kduanl Soiitliwortli. tlu- proffcnitor of the American hraiicli of tile laiiiily, left Kiiylaiiil to secure religious freedom with the l*ilf»rims and went to Holland in 1.590. He married Alice Car- penter in that year, in Leyden, Holland, and there he passed away. Two sons. Kdward and Constant, emigrated to iVmerica on the second ship, the ^Vnne, whieh sailed J'or the new world in 1G23. From these two sons are descended the American members of the Southworth family. Edward's wife, Alice (Carpenter) Southworth. married Governor Bradl'ord. the first fjfovernor of IMymouth. on the 14th of ^\u<'iist. I(i2.*}. Memhei's of the family have filled honorable positions in connection with the learned professions and with agricultuial pursuits in ^Vmerica, while in England they have ever been loyal members of the peerage, hold- ing important commissions under the crown. The Southworth coat of arms is: "Sable: a chevron between three crosslets; argent: crest — a bull's head rampant erased argent. Horns, Or. Motto — snblimiora spectimu-s (aim high)." Many Southworths served in the war of 177(5 and the grandfather of Dr. Southworth was a captain in the \Var of 1812. His jnirents were Xelson Emery and .Maiy Southworth. natives of Vermont and Toronto. Canada, respectively. The former owned the town site of Thed- ford. where for many years he was the most prominent citizen. He also held various town and county offices during his residence there, covering a period of more than fifty years. In his later years he removed to Michigan, where he died while sitting in his cliaii-. wlicn eighty-five ycais of age. His wife had passed away .some years before, when seventy-five years of age.

Dr. .Southworth pursued his early education in the schools of Thedford and of London. Ontario, and finally prepared for a profe.s.sional career as a studi nt in the mediciU department of the State University of Iowa, from which he was graduated in 1HK7 at the head of his class, delivering the valedictorv address. As a young man he was first employed in the hardware trade and latt r was with the car department of the Michigan .Southern Kailway Company. It was some years after tliat lu- went to .St. Paul. Minnesota, and was comiected with the land <le|)aif tnent of the Xortheiii I'acific liailway for two years. relin(|uisliing that position in order to take up the study of medicine. He began reading medicine in 1H8:J under the dirtction (if Dr. Ivlward Walther. one of the leading physic-ians ol' .Si. |';nil. and follow- ing his graduation he ])racticed with Dr. ^ValtlK■l■ for a time, but desiring to live in a more e<iuab|c climate, he came to Tacoma in

■'^-^ HISTORY OF TACO]MA

1887. Here he has practiced continuously since save for a period of six months sj^ent in San Francisco in 1902. Practically his entire time and attention has been devoted to his" profession, although he has oj)erated to a limited extent in real estate, erect- ing several houses in Tacoma.

In St. Paul, 31innesota, in 1881), Ur. Southworth was married to Miss Jennie W. Walther, daughter of Dr. Edward and Kath- erine Walther. The father was descended from an old German family of Saxony, a member of which family was one of the early court musicians. The mother was connected with the nobility of Germany, of the house of Hapsburg. Seven of their childi-en were born in America, and their daughter Jennie was educated in St. Joseph's Academy in St. Paul, JNIinnesota. Dr. and Mrs. Southworth have become parents of one child, Catherine Deane.

Although reared in the Ba^jtist faith, Dr. Southworth's atti- tude on religious questions is that of a liberal. His military ex- perience covered four years' service as a musician of the Canadian Militia, having membership in one of the bands. He has always favored the republican party and he is identified with several fraternal organizations. He has been examining physician of the Modern Woodmen, the Indei^endent Order of Foresters, the Tribe of Ben Flin-, the JNIaccabees and the Foresters of America during the past twenty years. He is a member of the Tacoma Chamber of Conunerce and the Commercial Club, of the Pierce County ]Medical Society and of the Tacoma Art League. In the last named he has served as vice president and since 1911 has been its i)resident, giving to the organization a prominent position in the cultural life of the communitv.

PROFESSOR W. H. WYXX.

Professor W. H. Wynn, Ph. D., D. D., was born in the foot- hills of the Allegheny mountains near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His mother was a German woman and his father of Welsh descent running back through a long line of ancestry to the blood royal of ancient Cymric Wales. His father was wont to say that his son was born with a book in his hand and so determined to provide for him school privileges to the limit of his means. Ac- cordingly at an early age he was put down to academic training for college in the old classical curriculum and made such headway

UlSTURY Ul" TACO.MA 545

tlial lie was L'lik'icd as a matriculate in the newly founded Wit- tenberg College, Springtield, Oiiio, at the age of fifteen. At sev- enteen lie took liis Baeheloi-'s degree and two years later his Master's degree from the theological seminary established at the same place.

When Professor W'yiui came to graduate from the institu- tion, named for Martin Luther's famous old Cierman university, the faculty gave him what they called the "metaphysical honor" with the subject of "Idealism" for his graduating theme. This temper of mind he followed rather closely through all the years follow ing.

His first serious \tnliirc as a young iiiitiistci- was made in Hamilton, Ohio, with a small and struggling pastoi-ate. He aug- mented his work as a minister, however, with educational activi- ties, including the head of the Hamilton Academy. It was while he was engaged in Hamilton that his marriage to oNIiss Kli/.abeth Coles, a graduate of the Female College of Cincinnati, took place. She was a woman in every way fitted to coordinate and encour- age the educational turn which his career was about to take.

After lca\ing Hamilton. Professor Wynn was engaged in t(iii( aliniial wurk in Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Kansas, finally bringing up in Idwa. wluii' tin bulk of his life work as an educator was to be done. In Iowa he was for three years dei)uty superintendent of public instruction for the state at I)es Moines, at a time when "the new education" was being agitated by edu- cators. His position gave him an oppoitunity to study the theory and practice of the movement and to give cNprcssion to bis \ lews in addi'esses and I'cpoi-fs.

.\l the i'e(|ii(Nl III' tile pi'csideiit of the newly established state college at .\m(s. Inwa. l)i-. A. S. Welch. Profes.sor Wynn was made a m< mlicr n\' the first raciilty i>\' that insi iliil inn with the resjxinsible duty of laying the foundation I'oi- the entire literary side of the curriculum and having charge of the chapel exercises whenever the services of a nn'nistcr should be in demand. His classes here included those of Knglisb and Knglish literature and allied sul)jects, among them history, Latin, ethics and aesthetics. Later he developed a course on the science of language which was |iart iciilarly lillcd In an institution where the seicntilic side was prcili iiiiiii;iiil . lie laliorcd lung .■iiid liai'd lo rm|)liasi/.c llie im- poriance of Knglish literature to the .school and its students, and succeeded in teaching the Knglish masterpieces in such a wav as io allow the distillations of culture to seep into the mind of the

W6 HISTORY OF TACOMA

student, who thus unconsciously ohtained the subtle insights in the meaning of literature along with, an education in the more utilitarian phases of allied sciences. While associated a\ ith the state college, Professor Wynn wrote widely on subjects of cur- rent interest, including philosophy, science, literature, sociology and religion. His articles were later gathered into thirty-three monographs.

He left the state college of Iowa in 1901, expecting to con- tinue his activities as a college professor on the Pacitic coast or to spend the rest of his life in the delightful climate and mar- velous scenery of this city beautiful, with his son-in-law and daughter, ]Mr. and ]Mrs. S. A. Nourse. Soon after coming to Tacoma he was engaged by S. A. Perkins to write editorials for the Sunday Ledger, and for fourteen years has Avritten a weekly grist, without having missed a single Sunday issue of the paper. His services were thus enlisted at a time when the experiment of devoting some portion of the editorial space in the Sunday issue to something higher than the purely secular interests was first being tried in the metropolitan newspapers of the country. He resolved from the beginning to treat only of those subjects on which he had devoted much time and study and to let no loose composition embarrass any effort that should find its way into print.

ELLIOTT KELLY

Elliott Kelly Avas born in Paris. Bourbon County, Kentucky, October 6, 1871. His father was Elliott Kelly, a banker and son of Elliott Kelly, president of five Kentucky banks known as "The Northern Banks of Kentucky." He served as an officer in the Fourth Kentucky Cavalry in the Union army in the Civil war and was adjutant to General Croxton. On one side he was a grandson of General "Cerro Gordo" AVilliams, of JNIexican war fame, and of Robert Trimble on the other. The mother of the subject of this sketch was a great-granddaughter of Henry Fair- fax of Yirginia on her mother's side, and on her father's side she was a granddaughter of John Esten Cooke, the Virginia novelist. She is a direct descendant of General Spotswood, the first colonial governor of Virginia.

INIr. Kelly was educated in the old Bourbon Academy. His early exj)€rience was in coal mines at Jellico, Tennessee, with T.

Kl.l.lDir KKI.I.V

IIISTOHV OF TACOMA 5-19

Colciiiaii (III Font, and 1r- l)fcaiiu' outside siiperiiitciidfiit at tiie age of seventeen. Tlien lie had a stal>k' of race horses wliieh he trained and unk- for [wn years. Next lu \vciit to t\iitral and South Aiiicrica and heeame mixed up in [\\v reliellion in l?iitisli Ilondnias. ulien (General Sanchez atlein|)ted to overtinow I'l'esi- dent IJonran. lie ha<l a eonmiission as captain under President Jiogran. lli leturned lioiiie to recover from injuries and heeame connected hiter with the editorial department of the St. Louis Glohe-Democrat. when Mr. MeC"nlla>>h owned it, and afterward lie joined the staff oi' the C'ineinnati C'oiiiiiiereial-(ia/ette under Murat llalstead. He then went to the Louisville C'ominei'eial, wliieh had liecn eslahlished in ISdCi liy his uncle. Colonel l^ohert ^lorrow Kelly. John narlan, afterward eliitC justice of the Liiited States Supreme Court, and Heiijamin Hristow. who had heeii in President Cirant's cabinet. Mr. Kelly became managing editor and afterward editor and manager and also editor and manager of the Louisville News, the afternoon (dition ol llie Comniereial.

W'lien T. Coleman du Pont hought the Commcrciai. he con- tinuid in charge. During the fight between (Governor Taylor, the Hepublican govei'iioi- elect, and (Jovciiior (iochcj. Die Dcnio- cratie governor elect, he was very close to Goveiiioi- 'raylm- and was looked upon as picibalily his chief ad\isor. He also was very close to Ciovernor JJradley through his stormy regime. Up to the time when Governor liradley, the Kcpulilican candidate for gov- ernor, was elected by twenty thousand niajoritv. the state liad been going from sixty to eighty thousand Democratic, and forty of the til'ty Uepublican papers in the state in editorials attributed the election ol' (iovi'rnoi- Hradley and tiie ticket to the work .^L•. Kelly had done in the Comniereial in exposing the slate iiouse ring. When (rovernor Taylor was noininated b\- tlie l{epubli- cans to op])ose (ioebel. Mr. Kelly would have been noniinatcd for lieutenant governor had it not been for the I'act that it was found that he was forty-eight hours too young.

in IS!»() he went to Philadelphia in the cditurial il<|)aitni(nl ol' Telegi'am. ol' which he was president and general manager. He lain. TL' was there for two years and then went to Salt Lake City with Perry S. Heath tf) cstablisli Uu Sail Lake Kveiiing the North .\nu rieaii under .\itliiir .Mel'".\\aii and Sam Ciiamher- ran Ilk' Tehgram Tor six years, and then he ami .Mr. Heath .sold out. and .Mr. Ktlly came to Tacoma to beeome general manager of the I'erkins Press.

550 HISTORY OF TACOJ^IA

He was married in 11)00 in Philadelphia to ^Nlay Dickinson Hanson, daughter of George W. Hanson. ]Mrs. Kelly is a granddaughter of INIajor General ]\lacpherson, of Civil war fame. They have one daughter, Helen JNlay.

^Ir. Kelly has been very much devoted to dogs and has owned some of the best setters in the country. Champion jNlallwyd Sir- dar, who never was beaten either in England or the United States, \vas owned by him and died in Steilacoom. He also owned Champion JNlallwyd JNIajor, another international champion. Champion JNlallwyd Sirdar was looked upon as the best English setter that was ever brought to America.

JAMES X. NEAL.

James N. Neal, vice president and general manager of the Tacoma JNIeat Company, a jjrominent and prcxsperous concern, was born in Watertown, New York, on the Ith of October, 1804, of the marriage of James INI. and Elizabeth Neal. He left high school when sixteen years of age and went to Boston, where he became connected with Roberts & Tucker, who conducted a wholesale meat market. He entered their employ as an appren- tice, but later became a salesman and at length was made assist- ant manager. In 1880 he accepted the position of manager of the St. Paul branch of Armour & Company and after remain- ing there for two years became manager of their St. Louis branch. Two years later he returned to Minnesota as manager of their JNIinneapolis branch, but after a year was transferred to Davenport, Iowa, where he remained in a similar capacity for ten years.

At the end of that time JNIr. Xeal came west, having been commissioned to investigate the possibilities of business in the northwest for that company, but after remaining on the coast for four months he decided to locate here permanently and re- signed his position with Armour & Company. He took up his residence in Portland, Oregon, where he established the Port- land Packing Company, which engaged in the wholesale and retail meat business. He was president of that concern until 1908, when he sold out and came to Tacoma, becoming liranch house manager and sales manager for the Carstens Packing Company. Four years later he severed his connection with that

IIISTOKV OF TACU-MA 551

concern and aided in or<>anizin^- tlie Tacnina Mial Company, of which 1r- lias hc-en vice president and general manager ever since. His wide experience in tliis line of business has enal)led him to phice the Tacoma Meat Company nixni a soniid hasis and to increase its trade rapidly.

In St. Paul, .Minnesota, on the ITtii of .June, IHHH, .Mr. .\eai was united in marriaj^e to Miss Maude E. Smitii, by whom lie has a dauglitc r. (iladys. whu is a yradnale (if .SI. Helen's i\cad- emy of Portland. Oregon, and is at home.

Mr. Xeal is a repul)lican in pohtics and kcejjs well informed as to the events and issues oi' the present day. lie is connected with the Masons and liu' l""dks and in his life exemplifies the spirit of fraternity. lie is also a memlici- of the Conimircial Club and can always be depended upon to do anything in his power to furtiier the business and industrial expansion ol' his city.

LAXE E. PAS KILL

Lane E. Pa.skill. traveling agent for the Soo Kailioad Com- pany, with head(|uarters in Tacoma. and also president of the State IJuilding and Loan Associati()n. was boiii April I.'). ISdi), at Catawba Island, Ohio, a .son of John Paskill, likewise a native of the liuckeye State and a re])resentative of one of its old fam- ilies of Canadian I'lciub descent. The fatlur. who was fur many years a successful agricidtiirist. has now passed away, and his wife, who in her maidenhood was Ellen .McIlMtlon, a native of Ohio, is likewise deceased.

In their family were eleven childicn, of whom Lane I*',. Pas- kill is the youngest. After attending the public scIkioIs of bis native state to the age of fifteen years, during which peiiod be also assisted in the work ol" the home farm, so that he became fann'liar with every phase of agricultural life. Lane E. Paskill started out on his own account, taking uj) the sludv of telcg- rajihy, to which he afterward devoted twenty years, being con- nected with dinVrent railioad companies in various parts of the country. When be ceased bis work as an operatoi- be took up railroad work in other eonneelions and lor the past ten vears has been traveling agent foi- the Soo line, with Ik adi|iiail( rs at Tacoma. Tlis previous exinrience bad made him largeiv famil- iar w ith railroad work, constituting the basis for successful and

552 HISTORY OF TACOMA

valuable effort since entering other fields. He is also connected with the State Building and Loan Association as its president and is meeting with success in that connection.

On the 19th of Octobei-, 1911, j\Ir. Paskill was married in Tacoma to JNIiss ]Maude Dalies, a native of Wales, and thej^ have two children, Lane L. ami Llizabeth Jane, both born in Tacoma. The family residence is at No. 3611 North Adams street. Mr. Paskill arrived in this city in 1907 and has no de- sire to change his place of abode. He is quite active in political circles as a stalwart supporter of the Republican part}' and is well kno\\'n in other connections. He belongs to the jNIasonic Lodge, the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, the Commer- cial Club and to the Ejiiscopal church, and the guiding principles of his life are those which measure up to high standards, making him a man who in every relation is trustworthy and who com- mands the goodwill and confidence of his fellows.

JOSEPH R. ADDISON.

Joseph R. Addison, j^resident of the Addison ]Mill & Lumber Company, was born January 1. 18.50, in Russell ville, Kentucky. His father, John N. Addison, also a native of that state, came of English ancestry, the family being founded in America by his grandfather, who was a soldier of the Revolutionary war. At an early age representatives of the name became residents of Kentucky and there John N. Addison conducted business as a successful contractor imtil about 1853, when he removed to Missouri. In the later years of his life he was a resident of Illinois, living in JNIorgan and Hancock comities for some time. His last years, however, were spent near Lamar, Mis- souri, where he followed farming until his death. In early manhood he Avedded JNIary E. Harbeson. a native of Kentucky, who was of Dutch lineage on the maternal side, her mother hav- ing been a Baumgartner. ]Mrs. Addison passed away near Ija- mar, jNIissouri, at the age of seventy-two years. In the family were nine children, six of whom are yet living, but two, how- ever, being residents of Washington, Joseph R. and his younger brother, George W., both living in Tacoma.

Joseph R. xVddison is the fourth in order of birth and in the public schools of INIissouri and Illinois he pm'sued his education,

lilSTOKV Ui' TACOMA -wii

but when a youth of fifteen years made his initial step in tlic business world. When but a boy he beyan learning' the eaipen- ter's and builder's trade and before he had reaehed the a^e of sixteen he had eharge of a number of men and was eonlraetinj^ on his own aeeount. In 1877 he eame to \\'ashin<;ton. where he turned his attention to the business of I'urniture manufaetur- ing and also eondueted a ])laning mill and lumberyard at Walla Walla, lircominy one ol' the earliest settlers ol' llial place. He started in Inisiness in Washington on a eomi)arall\ ely sniall seale. He had come to the state for the ex])i'ess piir|)iist- n\' erecting a Milliodisl ehureh at Walla Walla, wliieli w;is the lirst elinreh of that denomination in tlir town. Hiing pleased with the eoimlry he decided to remain and enttiiil the planing mill and furmtme manufactin'ing l)usiness. He became a prominent resident of Tacoma in 187U and here established a ])laning mill and lumber business, which he conducted until 181)0. He then re-entered the building business and has operated largel\- in that line throughout the state. He built the l?ainier Grand Hotel at Seattle, the Opera House at Walla Walla and many other IJublie buildings and private homes in tlu' state. He was the builder of the Puget Sound I 'iii\ crsity at Tacoma and constant demands were made u|)nii his time in comieetion with the con- tract woi-k. In 100.') he joined K. C. Hill in incorpoi'ating the South Tacoma Mill Company, with which he was connected for six years. In 1011 he formed a new company, which was ineor- porated under the name of the Addison Mill \ Lumlicr Com- pany. The output of the ])lant is fifty thousand feet of lumber in ten hour shifts and their ])roduct is largely shipped by I'ail to other ])oints. The company cmi)loy at the mill and the camp aliiiiil line linndrcd nun. The grand area ol' their plant covers three eity lilucks and fifty lots arc used i'm mill purposes. They liave timhci- lands south of Pu\allnp. amounting to al)out three thousand acres and the business is growing steadily and substan- tially. The ofKcers of the eom])any are: Joseph 1{. .Xddison, president: !•",. C. Hill, vice jiresident; A. (i. .Simonds, sccretai'y. and James Long, treasurer. All are active in the business and the plant is located at Fifty-Courth and .South Washington streets in South Tacoma. .Mi'. Addison is also a dirt'ctor and vice president of the Okanagan Lands and Inigaliim C<ihi|)any. I/td.. of lii'itish Columbia, which is a million dullai- corporation. On the (!th of February. 1877. in Oakland. California, Mr. Addi.son was married to 3Iiss Kmma C. Stone, a nati\c of Ken-

554 IIISTORV OF TACOMA

tucky and a daughter of the late Dr. James Stone, a prominent jjhysician of Somerset, Pulaski County, Kentucky. Thej' have become parents of four children: Agnes, the wife of Dr. Louis Gilmann, of San Diego. California; ]Maude, the wife of Leonard E. Klimer, of Chicago; Emma, the wife of Dr. E. Nelson New- land, of Portland, Oregon, and Joseph E., a resident of San Francisco, California.

In politics jNIr. Addison follows an independent course, be- lieving in supporting the best men regardless of party affilia- tion. At the present time he might be termed a Roosevelt Demo- crat. While interested in questions and issues of the day he has never been an aspirant for public office. He was made a jNIason in McKinley, Texas, and has now taken the degrees of the con- sistorv and of the JNIystic Shrine. He also belongs to the Com- mercial Club of Tacoma. He is alive to all the questions which have to do with the welfare and upbuilding of city and state and is neglectful of none of the duties of citizenship, giving active cooperation to many plans for the public good. His business career has been marked by that substantial expansion which is the result of a careful and wise use of native talents and the utilization of opportunities which sun-ound every individual. What he has undertaken he has accomplished, his vocabulary containing no such word as fail.

ROBERT A. McCORMICK.

Among the successful real estate men of Tacoma is RoI)ert A. McCormick, vice president and manager of the JMcCormick Company, which handles exclusively realty belonging to the estate of his father, Robert Laird ]McCormick. The latter was one of the foremost capitalists and industrial leaders of the north- west, being secretary of the Weyerhaeuser Timber Company, the largest timber corporation in the world, being president of a number of important banks and having large ])rivate business interests. He was l)orn in Pennsylvania in IS-iT, of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and received his education in the public schools. When not yet fourteen years of age he undertook to enlist in the Elev- enth Pennsylvania Regiment but was refused on account of his yovith. Later he attended the Saunders ^Military Institute at West Philadelphia and after leaving that institution studied

1 1 1 S r( )]{\ ( ) F T ACOM A 'J'j'^

law. Ill I8(i«. how (.'Mr, lif hccaiHc foiiiicctcd with tin- Laird- Xortdii t'oiiipaiiy. luiiihcr iiiaiiul'acturers of AN'iiioiia. .Miiiiic- sota, and from tliat tiiiif foruaid achanced steadilv in the lumber business until he reaelied a position of commanding' im- jjortanee in that tii'hi. In January. 1884. he formed a jKU-tner- ship w ith l''rederieU \\'e\erliaeuser, witii whom lie was assoeiated Iriini tliat time forward until his demise, and they organized the Sawyer County Hank, which was said to have the hirgest individ- ual res])onsibility of any financial institution in AViseonsin. ]\Ir. MeC'ormiek became an oHicer in a great many oi' the foremost concerns of the middle west, including lumber companies, mill companies and land eomijanies. but in 1899, seeing that the tim- ber supply of that region had become largely exhausted, he turned his attention to the northwest, where there were still great forests as yet untouched, and he made a careful investigation of condi- tions here and as a result of his it port the WexH-rliaiMiser inteiX'sts purchased large areas of timber land in this statt. The following year the Weyerhaeuser Timber C'omi)any was organized and ca|)italized for twelve million dollars with Mr. McC'ormick as secretary. He maintained his offices in Tacoina and directed the enoriiKiiis interests of the company from this city. He was also president of a number of banks in Washington. Although his interests were of such importance that their management was all that one man would have the energy and lime to attend to, yet he always round opportimity to take part in public affairs, to further movements and projects seeking the ci\ ie. idiicational and social betterment of his community as well as its material e.\j}ansion, and generosity was one of his most pronounced char- acteristics. He passed away in February, 191.5. but the influence of his life and wdrk is still strongly felt. .\ fuller i)iogra|)liv apj)ears elsewhere in this work.

Kobert A. McC'ormick was born in Hayward, Wisconsin, in August, 188.5, a son of Kobert Laird and i\nna 1']. ((Toodman) McCormick. The mother was a daughter of Daniel and M ineiva (Mills) Goodman and a native of Seneca county. ()liio. .She survives and still makes her home in Tacoma. wheiv she is highly esteemed. There were three children in the family, those besides our subject being: Blanche Amelia, who was l)orn in 187.'} and has passed away, and William Laird, born in 187(;. who was a member of the Wiscfmsin state legislature when but twenty-four years of age and is now western attorney for the 'Weyerbaeuscr Timber ConiiJany.

556 HISTORY OF TAC03IA

Robert A. McCorniick attended the publie and high seliools in the acquirement of his education and hiter entered the Shat- tuck ^Military Academy at Faribault, ^linnesota, from wliich he was graduated in 1904. He then became a student in the Uni- versity of ^Visconsin, which he attended until 1908. after which he came to Tacoma and secured a position in the logging camps of the Weyerhaeuser Timber Company near Vancouver, Wash- ington. He remained there, serving in variovis capacities for two years, after which he returned to Tacoma and not long afterward became vice president and general manager of the jNIcCormick Company. The interests controlled are large and imjjortant and the successful conduct of the business demands a man of enter- prise, keen sagacity and sound judgment, qualities ^\hich char- acterize our subject. He is also president of the Siler Mill Company and president of the Hanify Lumber Company and of the Capital Realty Company.

Mr. JNIcCormick of this review was married in Portland, Oregon, in June, 1910, to Miss Willa Smith, and they have two children: Robert L., four years of age; and I^aird, one year old. Mr. McCormick supports the republican party at the polls but has not otherwise been active in public affairs, his large business interests demanding his entire attention. He is a member of the tJnion Club; of the Tacoma Country antl Golf Club, of which he is a trustee; of the Rainier Club of Seattle; of the Sons of the American Revolution; of Phi Kappa Psi, a college fraternity; of the Scottish Rite Masonic bodies and of the Mystic Shrine, these connections indicating the nature of his associations outside of business. In religious faith he is a Congregationalist, and he furthers in various ways the work of that chui-ch. In all that he has done he has met with gratifying success, and his ability has gained recognition in various fields of activity.

MARTIN F. VAN BUREX, M. D.

Dr. JNIartin F. Van Buren has been engaged in practice in Tacoma for more years than anj- other jjhysician in the city with the exception of two and has gained high standing in his profes- sion. A native of New York, he was born on the 1 0th of Decem- ber, 1848, a son of Alonzo F. and Theresa (Avery) Van Buren. The Van Buren family is of Dutch descent but has been repre-

HISTOin OF TACOMA 559

sciilcd ill Aiii(.iii-;i lor many ^•eneratioiis, lia\ iiij^' hccii estal)lislu'(l in New Vork in 102G. Alonzo 1'. \ an Hiirni removed i'vom New ^'^^k to .Michi<>an in 1S.")2. taking; np liis rfsidence at Dt-ar- horn. ri^lit niilfs from Detroit, wiiert- lie remained nntil his death in 18!>2. His wife survived for seven years, passing- away in 181»!). They were the parents of six sons, of whom 3Iartin F. is the eldest.

Dr. \'an Riirt'ii received his <>eneral education in the public and normal selmols of .Mic-liiyan and prejiarcd I'or tin- prac-tice medicine in the ['nixcrsity of M ichii^an. which conl'crred ii|inii him till' decree of ^l. D. in ISTl. He located for i)ractice in .St. doM |)h. .M icliinan. wlui'c he remained until I8H."). when he sold his piai'lice and came to Taeoina. arriving' here on the lOth of Fel)ruary, 188(). He became interested in tiie I'u^jet Sound country throu<.ih news wliich he heard concerning- a colony that h.id liccii uiyani/.ed at .St. .lost pji, .Michigan, by Kdwin Cook and which had come to this section in 1872. They sent back excellent reports of the country and in 188(;, as before stated. Dr. \'an Jiurcn cast in his lot with Tacoma. He has since enj'aged in prac- tice here- and has built n|i a lar^c and i'ej)resentative patronaf^e. There are only two oilier |)racticin<i' physicians in the eit\- who have resided here as long- as he has, namely. Dr. F. lirown and Dr. C K. Case. Dr. Armstron<;- was here at the time of Dr. \"an liurin's airi\al in Tacnnia but is now livin<>- retired on his ranch in llie vicinity of tin- cit>'. Dr. Ynw Huriii maintained his office at .\o. I. "528 I'acitic avenue for twenty years but now has his otHce at his residence at Xo. .)4()1 South X street. Since he has been a resident of Tacoma he has seen it <irow by leaps and bounds until from ;i small city of li\ ( I lion sand there has developed the pixseiit nietro|)olis.

Di-. A'aii i?uien was married in Detroit. Michigan, in 1800. to Miss Fli/.abeth .MeCJowan, a daughter of I'atrick and Catherine McGowan. both of Irish descent. Her father, who devoted his time to I'arminy. passed away in I8'.»."), while the mother snr\ i\'ed until li)()(). The Doctor and his wife have two children: .Mary, at home; and Arthur, who is nineteen years of age, has finished .school and is em])loyc(l by the .M. C. 'I'ebbits CJrocerv Company.

Dr. \';in liiiren has supported the re|)nliliean |>;irt\' since' age conferred upon him the right of franchise and has voted I'or every republican candidate for president since he cast his first ballot for t'lysses .S. (irant. In religious faith he is a Itoman Catholic. He has a good residence in a beautiful section of the citv and has

560 HISTORY OF TACOMA

acquired a coiniJLtencc that enables him to enjoy all of the com- forts of life. He has won the friendship of those who have been closely associated with him, and his professional ability is gen- erally recognized.

JOSEPH BACHRACH

Xo history of commercial activity in Tacoma would be complete without reference to Joseph Bachrach. of the firm of Feist & Bachrach, leading merchants. He was born in 31ecklen- burg-Schwerin, Germany, his birth occurring in the city of Sulze, December 7, 18.54. His father. Henry Bachracii, was also a native of that place, born in 1824.. and for many years he eon- ducted business as a successful grain dealer and merchant. Hi? death occurred in Gei-many when he was but forty-six years of age. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Freda Josephy, was likewise born in Germany and there passed away at the age of twenty-six years, after having become the mother of four children.

Joseph Bachrach. the eldest of the family, completed his education in New Brandenberg College, and when a youth of six- teen started out in business life on his own account, being ap- prenticed to learn the dry goods trade, at which he served for three years. When twenty years of age he left Germany and went to Africa, settling at Port Elizabeth and remaining there and at Bloemfontein. Orange Free State, for four years, dur- ing which period he was connected with mercantile affairs. He then disposed of his hiterests in that comitry and in 18T8 came to America. From that date until 1889 he was employed in lead- ing dry goods houses in Cincinnati, in Uayton and in St. Paul, and in 1889 he arrived in Tacoma. His progress in business here^ lias l)een continuous. He became a partner of Theophil Feist and they are now conducting one of the largest and most impor- tant dry goods and men's furnishing houses in the city, employ- ino- fortv-five men. Thev are located on Broadway and have a most attractive establishment, well appointed in every i)ar- ticular.

In 1894, in Tacoma. ]Mr. Bachrach was married to ]Miss Lucy Feist, a daughter of S. Feist, and they have two children: Her- bert, now a student in the University of Washington; and Ivma,

IIISI'()1{\ Ol TAeO.MA 561

attciuiiii^ the ])iililir M-liools. The family reside at X(t. !•().) North Ci street. Mv. iJaeliiaeh belongs to the Conuiiereial Club and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, to the Hebrew church and to \ari(nis IIei)rew societies, wliieli arc foruK-d not only for social but also for l)enevolent purposes. Dilij^ence and determi- nation have constituted the foundation upon which has been reared the superstructiu'e of his success and as the architect of his own fortunes he !ias builded wisely and well. He is resource- ful, ever ready to meet any emergency, and his enterprise has i)rouiiht him steadilv to the front.

ANTOX TTl TH.

Anton Hutli. ])resident of the Pacific Plaiting & lirewing Company, was l)orn in Hesse-Darmstadt, near Frankfort-on-the- Main. (Germany, in 18.54, his parents being Philip and Oertrude Hiith. 'IMie father was a farmer and lost his life duriiiL;- the eai'ly l)art (if the l"'raneo-l'iussian wai".

Ill his native coiiiilry ^\nton lliilh Icarmd tlu- trade of a brewer and maltster, obtaining both hchnical and |)ia(tieal knowl- edge in the home of the beer making industry. Soon alter his father's death he resolved to try his I'ortune in .\merica and sailed for the new world in 1S71. He established his home at Louisville, Kentucky, where he soon secured a j)ositioii in a brewery, remaining there for about fourteen years, oi- until, allured by the opixirtunities of the growing northwest, he made his way to Portland. Oregon, in ISK."). He there l)eeame I ore- man in a lirewery and oeeu])ied that position until IHST, when he went to Vancouver, Washington, becoming a partner in llie Star brewery there.

In IHHH .Mr. Huth arrived in Taeoma and in pailiiersiiip with 31 r. Scholl established a brewery, which was the nucleus of the present extensive concern now conducted undei- the name of the PaciHe Malting «.*s: Hrewing Company. \ot long al'terward Mr. Huth bought out the interest ol' Mr. Scholl in connection with IMr. Virges and they reorganized and incorporated the business under the name of the Pacific lirewing tV: .Malting Companv. Mr. Huth being the principal stockholder and the president, with Mr. A'irges as the treasurer and secretary. A half million dol- lars have been expended on the ])lant since IHHH and it is Ihor-

562 HISTORY OF TACOMA

oughly modern in every particular and equipment. It is located at Jefferson avenue and Seventy-tifth street and includes a num- ber of firejjroof brick liuildings supplied with the latest machinery and everything needed to produce a pi'oduct of the highest qual- ity. ^Ir. Huth is also interested in the Puget Sound JNIalting Comjjany and is the owner of Germania Hall.

In Tacoma, in 1891, Mr. Huth was united in marriage to Miss Agnes Miller, and they have become the parents of four childi-en, Antoinette, Marie, Carlton and Gertrude. Mv. Huth is a member of the Commercial Club and is interested in all those forces which work for Tacoma's material upbuilding and devel- opment. Fraternally he is connected with the Elks and is well known in that organization. He has never regretted his determi- nation to come to the new world, for here he found the business opportunities which he sought and in their utilization has worked his way upward to success.

ALBERT L. JACKSON.

Albert L. Jackson, whose skill in photography has secured him tJic honor of many awards at national exhibits, his work dis- playing unusual ability in artistic posing, was born in Knoxville, Iowa, April 4, 18.56, a son of John W. and Mary ]M. (Grant) Jackson. He was but six years of age when with his parents he went to Oregon, crossing Utah, Idaho and Wyoming. It was the year after a severe flood, wliich had swept away bridges and made trails almost impassable, so that they met with manj'- hardships. The train numbered one hundred and ten wagons with several hundred men, women and children in the party. The Jackson family had started alone with six yoke of oxen, but en route they were joined by others seeking homes, the Jaeksons having the Umpqua valley of Oregon as their destination. The Snake Indians in Wyoming were hostile and attacked the caravan, but the band of several thousand red men was made to retreat. The camp was made in three corrals and only a few of the white men were woimded. The most serious trouble en route Avas in Utah, where the train was attacked by a large band of Indians and renegade white men said to be ]Mormons. A severe battle ensued, in \\hich about thirteen men and one woman of the little party

ITISTOin' Ol" TACO.MA ''G:?

Wire killed and tin- Indians with their associates siiceeeded in getting away with a nnniher of tlie eattle and horses l)el()nging to the train. The remainder ol" the [)arty kept on toward the west but as they neared the coast gradually separated for differ- ent localities. \ot oidy did the ])aity meet the usual hardships entailed by the trij) hut they also sulfered I'rom cholera and con- sumption ill their midst and newly made graves marked their way. At length on the arrival nl' tin- .lacksdn family in snutlii iii Oregon they settled <in a ranch, where they raised lironm cdrn, iiemp and molasses cane. 'l"he next year a removal was made tn Cirand Round valley, where Mr. Jackson huilt a sawmill, which he operated until IKt;.'). In that year he wtiit to Alliany. ()rcg()n, where he built a grist mill.

It was there that >\lhcrt L. .lackson had his first schooling. After about three years the family returned to southern Oiegon, where they became interested in mining, and later they removed to Kugene, Oregon, where Albert L. Jackson became tlic fiist free scholar to enter the State University. Later he took up' teaching, which he followed for a year, but in ISTfi turned his attention to photogra])hy, having his first studio at Kugene. When the I'aniily li\c(l in (ii'and Uninid \alley, Oi'cgon. Hour sold at twenty dollars per sack and the Jacksons, having a large coffee grindei'. used it not only to grind out flour for themselves but also for the emigrants who came through, I'ollowing that prac- tice for about a year. The old coffee mill is now in the State Historical Ferry Museum in Tacoma.

In 1H8.) ^Albert L. Jackson removed from Portland to Ta- coma, where he has since been in business, and hv lias achieved great success in his chosen calling. He took the highest award at the state pli(itiigia|)liir exhibit in IS'.tTand secured the gold UK'ilal in Class H ( porti-aiture) exhibit at C'hautau(|ua Lake. Xew Voi-k, in the national convention. He next secured the gold medal at Portland in 1900 at the foreign exhibit of the Pacific Coast exhi- bitiiin. where eompct it inn came IViuii all (i\ri- ibc cduntry. The Kastman Kudak Company offered what is called the Angels Trophy of silver which, to l)e retained, had to be won three suc- cessive times. It now adorns Mr. Jacksons studio as his |)ersonal and permanetit possession, for his work won the award at Port- land. \'ancou\(f and Seattle. Previously it had been held in various ])laces in the east, ])ut no one had won it for three suc- cessive times. He has gained other cci-tificatcs and awards of merit and for years has been acknowledged as one of the fore-

564 HISTORY OF TACOMA

most representatives of photographic art not only in the west but in the entire country.

In 1880, at Kugene, Oregon, Mr. Jackson was married to 3Iiss Fannie F. Soverns, and they became the parents of two chihh-en: ]Marvin, who died at the age of twenty years; and Liberty Gertrude, the wife of Dr. R. S. WilHams, of Tacoma. In 1904 tlie mother died and in 1906 Mr. Jackson married Mrs. Xellie A. Bennett, the widow of R. Bennett, of Tacoma.

^Ir. Jackson is a member of the Loyal Order of ]Moose at Tacoma, also of the Commercial Club, and was for twenty years a member of the old Chamber of Commerce. He has been for years an active worker in the First Christian church, which he joined when fourteen years of age, and throughout the interven- ing period he has been earnest and zealous in promoting the work of the church, sei"ving at the present time as one of the elders in the local organization.

CHRISTEN QUEVLI, M. D.

Trained for professional activity under some of the most emi- nent physicians and surgeons of both the new and the old worlds and ever carrying forward liis investigations and his studies along the most modern scientific lines. Dr. Christen Quevli is today recognized as one of the authorities upon the subject of tubercu- losis in the United States and is vice president and director of the National Anti Tulierculosis League. In his private practice he specializes in treatment of diseases of the nose, throat and chest. He was born June 29, 1864, near Christiania, Norway, and in 1869 was brought to America by his father. Andrew Quevli, wlio was also a native of the land of the midnight sun, where he suc- cessfidly followed merchandising until he crossed the Atlantic with his family and established his home in Jackson county, Min- nesota. Later he removed to Windom. ^Minnesota, where he suc- cessfully followed mercantile pursuits, his death tliere occurring in 1912, when he had reached the venerable age of eighty years. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Gorrien Melagen, was also born in Norway and died in Windom, Minnesota, in 1886, when forty-foiu- years of age.

Dr. Quevli was the eldest of their six children and after at- tending the public and high schools of Windom and of North-

IIIST()H^ Ol lAiO.MA ^^65

field, Mimiesotii, lie coiiliiiiicd his cducalinii in St. Olal' College, from wliieh he was graduated with the elass of 1882. He deter- mined to enter the profession to whieh Ik- iiou- devotes his ener- gies and took up the study of medieine in the Minnesota College Hospital, a i)randi of the I'niversity of Minnesota, from which he was graduated with the M. 1). degree in 188(5. He afterwaid went aliroad. spending one year in post-graduate study in i'-ng- land and Norway. Upon again coming to the luw world Ik settled in Taconia. where since l)cceml)ei', 1888. In- lias heen con- tinuously engaged in active practice save for a period of four years devoted to I'urther study. He left Tacoma in 1802 and again went to Euroi)e, taking post-graduate woik in Hcrlin and in London. On his return he resumed practice in Tacoma hut in 18!t7 again went abroad. sj)cnding one year in \'iemia in the .study of internal medicine. In 1 '.»()'.> he once more went to Kurope and for twd years continued his studies in London and N'ieima. Anything which tends to bring to man the key to the complex mys- tery which we call life is of dee]) interest to him. He has specialized to a large extent in the study of diseases of the nose, throat and chest, and to such now confines his practice. That he is regarded as authority ii|)(in this suir)ect is shown in tlic fact that he has been elected to the vice presidency of the ^\nti Tnl)irenlosis League. He is also on the board of directors of the National Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis and is president of the Wash- ington State Association for the Prevention of 'i'nberculosis. He has thoroughly acquainted himself with every phase of the white ])lague and his opinions are received as authority by rejire- sentative physicians throughout the country. He has served both as health officer and city physician of Tacoma and when elected to the latter office led the ticket liy llu largest majority of votes.

On the 2i>th of March. 18<t<.). at .Mount Vernon. Washitigton, Dr. Quevli was married to Miss Marie .1. Loss, a daughter of Senator T^ouis Foss, of Mount Vernon. They now ha\e foiu' chililreri: Christen, who was lioni in Tacoma. January 10. I'.tOfl: Kathron, born in Tacoma, June 22, 1!)()2: Minnie, born in Lon- don. Knglantl. in 1000: and ^farie Louise, born in ^'ienna. Aus- tria, .May 1, 1!»1<).

Dr. Quevli is a prominent Mason, lia\ ing attained the thirty- second degree of the Scottish Rite, while f)f the Mystic Shrini In is aLso a re|)resentative. He belongs likewise to the benevolent and Protective Order of Klks. the I ndependent Ordei- of ( )dd Fel- lows, the Commercial Club and the Tacoma Countrv and Golf

566 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Club. In politics he is a democrat, while his religious faith is that of the Lutheran church. He possesses a studious nature and delights in the scientific side of the profession but has, moreover, that practical trend which utilizes his knowledge to the best pos- sible advantage in his efforts to alleviate suffei-ing and check the ravages of disease. He is most conscientious in the performance of his professional duties and has been a student not alone of materia medica and its effects but also of those mental influences which so often prove a disturbing element or a revivifying force in the treatment of disease. In his study he delves to the very root of the matter and his analysis displays the logical sequence which is regarded as a chief factor of legal investigation.

CHARLES A. MURRAY.

Charles A. Murray, western tax attorney and commissioner for the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, was born in Simcoe, Ontario, Canada, June 18, 1863, a son of John P. and Ann Mur- ray. The father's birth occurred in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1818, and there he pursued his education. Later he turned his attention to the manufacture of wagons and subsequently re- moved to Ontario. Canada, where he continued in the same busi- ness until his death. The grandmother of John P. Murray was a sister of Benjamin Franklin, and his grandfather was a revo- lutionary soldier.

Reared in Simcoe. Ontario, Charles A. INIurray attended the public and high schools of the city until he graduated with the class of 1880, after which he removed to Port Austin, JNIichigan, and entered the law office of Winsor & Snover, with whom he continued his reading until April. 188.5. He was then admitted to the bar and removed to Beatrice, Nebraska, where he practiced law until November, 1888. Then he went to Seattle and en- gaged in practice until July, 1889, when he removed to Tacoma and formed a partnership with Charles S. Fogg. The firm of Fogg & Murray continued initil 1892. Mr. Murray was after- ward associated with several other attorneys, and his last part- nership relation was with Charles O. Bates, under the firm style of Bates & Murray. He withdrew from that connection in 1902, however, and went to Spokane, Washing-ton. as assistant counsel for the Great Northern Railroad Company, continuing to fill that

(11 \i;i.i:s A. MI'iMt x-i

IIISTOKV OF TACO.MA 569

position until 1!)()7. when his health hccanic seriously inij)aired, eaii.sin<4' his resiynation. He then returned to Taeonia and lived at his counti\ home at Steilacooni mil il he had regained his health, in the si)rin<>; ol' lltOS Mr. Munay was eiii|)loyed i)y the North- ern I'aeifie Kailroad Company to eondenm the riyht-ol'-way for the Port Delianee line and remained a.s right-of-way attorney for a year, since whieh time he has been tax attorney and eoniniis- sioner. lie is recognized as a man of marked ahility. having comprehensive knowledge of the jjrineiples of jurisprudence and displaying broad skill in the Held of railroad and corporation law. In December, 1887, Mr. .Murray was united in marriage to Miss Jennie Richards, a daughter of Dr. Xrwton Richards of Atlanta, Iowa, the wedding, lidwcver. being celebrated in Bea- trice, Nebraska. Mr. ^Muri'ay is well known in Masonic circles, having, with tlii' nobles of the ^Mystic Shrine, crossed the sands of the desert. He also belongs to the Elks lodge, to the Union (lull, to the Commercial Club, to the Taconia Golf & Country Clul) and to the ^IcAllister Rod and (inn Club. These club niem- berships do not indicate the manner in which .Mr. .Murray sjiends his leisure time. He is more interesed in live stock than golJ', and spends as much time as ])ossible on his eastern Washington ranch. In piilitics he is a Republiean. well versed in the (|uestions of the day and giving earnest support to those movements, which he believes w ill bring about the l)est interests of the country.

.I.\MKS K. RONXFJ.I.

James ¥j. Hdiiiull. ojw of the leading contractors of 'racuma. has been identitied w itb the history of the city since 1888. Rorn on the 23(1 of February. 18(>7, at Truro, Nova Scotia, at the age of thirteen years he went to Roston, where he .served his apjiren- ticcshij) at the business that would later identify him with Ta- (■(iiiia. 1 M 1881) he resolved to try his foitniic in I lie lai- \\ est ami took the budding city of Tacoma as the place tn make his r(])utation.

( )n his arrival iierr Mr. HiuiikII was engaged as rorciiian for .1. W. Morrison and acted in that capacity for about eigliteen months, when he decided to embark in contracting and building for himself. He has riniained in the business to the prcstiit day and has developed his interests to such an extent that he ranks

570 HISTORY OF TACOMA

among- the leading contractors of the city. Among the lai-ge huildings that he has erected in Tacoma are the Rhodes Brothers huilding; the Telephone building, 1898: the Bonneville Hotel, 190G; tlie Park Hotel. ]908: the Harmon building, 1909; the Savage-Schotield building, 1909; the Tacoma Country Club, 1910; the Crane building, 1911; and the Tacoma General Hos- pital, 1914-15. He also made extensive changes in the Arcade building and many other buildings on Broadway are his wprk. In association with Dan I. Cornell he built the magnificent gov- ernment buildings at Fort Haines, Alaska, and at one time he was associated with the Washington Paving Company but sold his interests therein abcjut two years ago.

Mr. Bonnell was married in 1890 to ^Miss Xellie O. Smith, a native of Provincetown, ^Massachusetts, and they have been blessed with three children: a son, Clement D., aged twenty-two years; and two daughters; Jeanness, aged nineteen; and ]Mar- gxierite, sixteen years of age. They have an attractive home at Xo. 603 North Ainsworth avenue, also a country place at ]Mag- nolia. where they spend the greater part of the sunnner.

]Mr. Bonnell's business activities have never permitted him to indulge in politics, but he takes a keen interest in the republican party. He attends the Presbyterian church and is a thirty-second degree ]Mason, a Knight Templar and a Xol)le of the ]Mystic Shrine. As a member of the Commercial Club ]Mr. Bonnell has always taken an active interest in the development of Tacoma and everything pertaining- to its welfare.

JOHAX L. RYXXixG, :sr. n.

Dr. Johan L. Rynning, now a successful medical practitioner of Tacoma, is a self-made man who provided for his own educa- tion and has worked his way upward along professional lines by reason of his j^ersistency and his ability. He was born at Hesper, Winnesheik county, Iowa, December 29, 1858, a son of Lars J. Rynning, who was born in Xorway and in the early '.50s came to America. He settled in Iowa among the pioneer residents and afterward removed to ^Minnesota but passed away in Tacoma, ]May 4, 1906. at the venerable age of eighty-nine years, after Inning devoted his life to farming, in which he was quite success-

HlSTOm' OF I'ACOMA 571

fill. His wile, whose uiaiilcii iiaiiK' was Scriiia Hjoinstad, was a iiati\ f ot" Norway, in which couiiti v they were married. She (hed in Kiisht'nrd. .Minnesota, in 188.'), at the age of siyty-tun years, lia\ in^- been horn in 182.*{.

Dr. ItyiininL;-. the fourth in order of hirlli in tlieir family of eiglit ehildreii, hegan his education in the country seliools of Min- nesota and afterward attended the hioli .school at Kusiilnrd and Luther College at Decorah. Iowa. His early life to the age of seventeen years was spent on the home farm and after putting aside agricultural pursuits he tcjok up the vocation of tiaching, which he followed in the schools of Filmore county. .Minnesota, and aN<i at (iallatin Park and Sweetgra,ss, ^Montana. He de- voted his attention to educational work from 187(> until 188(! and then hcgan stock raising in Montana. In 188!) he entered Hush ^leilical College of Chicago and was graduated therefrom with the class of 181)2. Having won his professional degree, he imme- diately entered upon active practice at liutte. Montana, where he remained for one year. He was then married and came to Taeoma. June 11, 1893. He here opened an ollice and entered upon the practice of medicine, in which he has since contimied, and that he is conversant with modern professional thought and scientific investigation is indicated in the fact that he holds mem- bership in the Pierce County, the ^Vashing•ton State and the American 3Iedical Associations.

In Rushford. jNIinnesota, on the 17th of May. 18!).'J. occurred the marriage of I)i-. Kynning and ]Miss Marie Kllertsen, a native of Mimiesota and a daughter of Kllcrt and Kaicn ( Stensgaard) Ellertsen. They have four living childi-cn: Lars Kdgar. a stu- dent in Lntlier College in Iowa; Karen, attending the Parkland Academy of Taeoma; Kmma. a student in tln' same school: and Solvcig. a graduate of the Taeoma graded school. They also lost a daughter. Marie, who died in l'.)ll at the age of five years. Their residence at No. 800.) Pacific avenue was erected by Dr. Pxnning eight years ago. This is one of the finest homes of Taeoma. photogra])hs of which were dis])layi(l during the exposi- tion which was held in Xoi way.

In politics Di". Kynning is a repuhlican and during the last .session t)f the territorial legislature in Montana he served as clerk of flu- house. He i)elongs to the Chess Clnh of Taeoma and to the Lutheran church. The strength of his character is iniliealed in the fact that he worked his own way through college and the imiversity. His laudable ambition has ])rompte<l his close apj)li-

572 HISTORY OF TACOMA

cation and his persistency of jiiu'iiose and marked professional ability have brought him to a most creditable position among the physicians and surgeons of Tacoma.

ARCHE G. HICKS, D. D. S.

Dr. Arche G. Hicks, one of Tacoma's well known dentists, was born in Monticello, Iowa, August 28, 1873. The family tree dates back to November 11, 1621. when Robert Hicks came from London to the new world in the ship Fortune. He was a leather dresser from Bermondessy street, Southwark, London. His father, James Hicks, was a lineal descendant of Ellis Hicks, who was knighted by Edward, the Rlack Prince, on the battlefield of Poictiers, September 9, 1356, for bravery, and for capturing a set of colors from the French. Margaret, the wife of Robert Hicks, came with her children to the new world on the ship Ann, which arrived in Plymouth during the latter part of June, 1622, the family settling at Duxbury, JNIassachusetts. Two of the sons, John and Stephen, about 1642 removed to Long Island and in Octoljer, 164.5, the governor of the colony granted a patent to Thomas Farrington, John Hicks and others for the township of Flushing, I^ong Island. John Hicks took a leading part in the affairs of the settlement and at various times was appointed to fill imjjortant offices. His name and that of his son Thomas appeared in connection with every public measure there for many years.

Frank M. Hicks, the fathei- of our subject, is now deceased. He was a native of New York and became a pioneer of Iowa, removing to that state with his M'ife and one child, the journey being made with ox teams across the country in 1848. He took up government land and for a number of years successfully fol- lowed farming, after which he turned his attention to the banking business, becoming one of the organizers and the vice president of the Monticello State Bank, occupying that official position for thirty-two years. In 1849, however, he made the trip across the plains to California, where he engaged in prospecting and min- ing, remaining on the coast for two years but meeting with only a moderate degi'ee of success. He made the return trip in a sail- ing vessel around Cape Horn and the ship was becalmed for ninety days. All on board suffered much privation on account

IIISTOKV OF TAtO.MA 573

()(' tlu' sli()ita<4'c of food. Follo\viii<>- liis return to Monticcllo Mr. I licks was ck-ctcd slicrift' of Join's county, Iowa, in wliicli position hf scr\c(l for the I'lili tci'iii ami a I Icrw aid nccii|)i((l oilier offices (if I rust. Ik iii^- very active in political and civic circles of the city as well as in connection with financial affairs. In ]S()4 lie joined the army, serving under Cien. .John ..V. Logan, and went witii Sherman on the march to the sea. lie died in Monticello, Iowa, Feliruary 1."). I'M).'), at the age of ahout eighty-three years, liis hirth having occmred in Newark, New York, March 2.'}, 182'i. His wii'e. who hore the maiden name of Frances l>ittle, was also horn at Newark, Fehrnary 20. 182!>. and died May 2!), VMV.). They were married .^Vugust 17. IHIT. .•ind had the Inlldwiiig chil- dren liesidi s (lur suhject: Frank L., a druggist of Sargent, \e- hraska: .Mrs. Ophelia I'enniman, a resident of Hammond, Louis- iana: Harry, who is a wholesale dealer in meals at Hazel (Jreen. Iowa; KImer K.. who is engaged in the wholesale div goods husi- ness in Monticello. Iowa; Kben Iv. who is a shoe merchant of that city; Krnest, who is a member of the prominent law firm of IJarger & Ilick.s of Chicago, Illinois; Grant, who is one ol' the leading and oldest medical ])ractitioners of Tacoma; and .Mis. r\ W. KiHi]). also of Mniit leello.

Dr. Hicks was educated in the j)uhlic and high schools of Monticello and in the l/niversity of Michigan, from which he was graduated in 1 8!>.) on the completion ol' a course in dentistry. Reviewing the iinsiness situation of the country, he decided that the northwest offered the best opportunities and in IS!).} came to Tacoma. where he took over the practice of Dr. (ieorge li. Hays, the pioneer dentist of this city, who became the dentist of the imperial fanu'ly of Germany, giving up his jiractice in Tacoma in order to lill a fi\e years' engagement with the royal hou.se. Dr. Hicks arrived in Tacoma .Tuly 7. 189.3, and has since remained in active and continuous ])ractice. In ])oint of time he is the third oldest dentist of the city and for the past fouitecn years has occu- pied his office at Xo. .511 Equitable building. Throughout all the years he has ke])t in close touch with the progriss tli.it has been made in dental practice and is thoroughly ac(|uainted with the most modern scientific methods. He l)elongs to the Pierce County Dental Society, the Washing-ton State and the National Dental A.ssociations.

On the 1 7th oi' March. 190.3, Dr. Hicks was married in the Old TovMi Pieshyteiian church of Tacoma to Miss (iracc M. Mackav, a native of Toronto, Canada, and a daughter of Wil-

574 HISTORY OF TACOMA

liam J. and Carolme (Taylor) ]Mackay. The tliree children of this marriage are: George Francis, born in Taconia, August 2G, 1905; Virginia Jane, born in Tacoma, January 16, 1910: and Klmer E.. born in Taconia, Aprid 28, 1916. The family resi- dence is at Xo. 1109 North Z street.

Dr. and 3Irs. Hicks are well known socially in Tacoma, where they have an extensive circle of warm friends. His political alle- giance is given to the rei)ublican party and he is a member of a college fraternity, also of the Union Club and of the Tacoma Country Club. In religious faith Dr. Hicks is a Presbyterian. Xot only is he one of the oldest but also one of the most able dentists of the northwest, building up a practice that has grown with the length of his residence here and which places him in the front rank among able dentists.

WILLIAM FRAXCIS STILSOX'.

William Francis Stilson, well known in business circles of Tacoma as a member of the Stilson-Ivellogg Shoe Company, is a native of Stockton, California, and a son of William Adams and ]Mary (Francis) .Stilson. natives of Waterville, Elaine, and of Philadeljihia. Pennsylvania, respectively. They were married in Stockton, California, April 29, 1861, jNIr. Stilson having ar- rived in that state in 18.59, after making the voyage around Cape Horn, while his wife crossed the plains by wagfin train in 1849. On the paternal side William F. Stilson is a representative in the ninth generation of the descendants of John Alden and Priscilla ^Mullens.

^Vil]iam F. Stilson acquired his education at Galesburg, Illi- nois, and after leaving school was associated with Harrington Beard, of ^Minneapolis. ^Minnesota, in the art and fine stationery business. From 1890 until 1901 he represented Kellogg- John- son & Company, wholesale boot and shoe dealers of St. Paul, in the northwestern states, and in the spring of 1901 became asso- ciated with W. H. Dickson in the purchase of the Van Eaton- Fogg shoe factory, then located in the Betz block. Approxi- mately two years later the present company was formed and the business has since been conducted under the style of the Stilson- Ivellogg Shoe Company.

On the 21st of October, 1908, in All Saints church at Port-

lllSiOKV UF TAeO.MA ^'5

land, Orcgoii. Mr. Stilson was married by Bishop Scaddincj tn Miss Annie C)>^(lcn lldiiucs, a claiiglittr of \{. J. Holmes, and on the 8th of September, 1911, she passed away.

Mr. Stilson attiiids the K])iseopal eliin'ch and he gives his j)ohtieal alieuianee to tlie rei)iililiean party. lie is well known in fraternal and elnl) eireles, belonging to Oriental Lodge, Xo. 74, F. & A. M., and to the Seottish Kite bodies, having taken the thirty-second degree. He is likewise a menii)er of tiie ^lystie Shrine and he belongs to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Klks. He is a member of the Tacoma C'onntry and Golf C'hib and also of the Tacoma Commercial Club and Chamber of Com- merce.

HAKin c;. WlLLARl). M. 1).

Dr. Harry (]. Willard, one of the successful surgeons of Tacoma, was i)oi ii in Cirinnell. Iowa, on the 7th of .June, 187.>, a son of W. O. and l^mma (Shaw) Willard. The father was born in Kewane( , Illiiinis. in IH.'M. and after attending the public schools entered Oberlin College at Obcrlin. Ohio. Subse(iuently he eidistcd in the One Hundred and Xincteentli Illinois A'olnn- tecr Infantiy for service in the Civil war and remained at the front until the close of hostilities.

Dr. Willard began his educatif)n in the publie schools and siilis(.'(|uenlly attended liigb school, fi-om which he was graduatcil in IH'.M. He then entered (irinnell College and al'ter completing the cdin-sc there with tlie class of 1800 he taught science in the high sciiiiii! at .\nriira. Illinois. I'oi- ti\e years. Latei' be matricu- lated in Hush .Medical College at Chicago and received his .M. I), degree in I'.tO.l. He continued his professional pre|)aratiori as interne in the Presbyterian Hos])ital at Chicago, remaining there for six months, and subse<|uently he served for a yeai- and a half as house i)hysician of tin Cook County Hospital. He later went to Iron Biver, Michigan, where he engaged in the |)ractice of me<licine and surgery until 1908, when lie rcmnxcd to Deer Ijodge, Montana. Four years later he went to \'i( una. Austria, and devf)te(l a year to study in the leading rlinics and hospitals of that city. On his return to this country he resumed practice at Deer Lodge, but in, lint he came to Tacoma. where he has since remained. sj)ecializing in surgery. In addition to his private

576 HISTORY OF TACOMA

practice he is also surgeon for the Chicago, ]Mil\vaukee k St. Paul Railway.

Dr. Willard was married on the '22d of June, 1906, in White- water, Wisconsin, to ^Nliss JNIay Chainherlin, l)y whom he has two children, Don Gaylord and Louise ^largiierite.

Dr. Willard gives his political allegiance to the democratic party but has never taken an active part in politics, confining his attention to his j^rofessional duties. He belongs to the Pierce County and Washington State ^ledical Societies and to the American 31edical Association and takes an active interest in the work of those organizations. Fraternally he is a ]Mason and an Elk. He has thoroughly identified his interests with those of Tacoma and has already made many friends in the citv.

WILFRED A. SMITH.

Wilfred A. Smith, dating his residence in Tacoma from I'JOl, has been well known in the business circles of the city in connec- tion with commercial lines and in 191.5 took charge of the Tacoma General Hospital, which is said to be the finest institution of this kind in this section of the country. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, October 12, 1876, a son of A. W. Smith, a native of that state and a son of John R. Smith. The founder of the American branch of this family was of Scotch birth and came to the new world in colonial days. A. W. Smith was a shi]) ca])tain, sailing for many years. He came to Tacoma in 1901 and died in this city in 1909 at the age of sixty-three years. He married Iva Kenty. who was horn in ^lassachusetts and was a daughter of John Kenty, also of Scotch lineage. ]Mrs. Smith still makes her home in Tacoma.

Wilfred A. Smith is the eldest of a family of five children and in tlie public schools of Boston pursued his education to the age of twelve years, when he left the high school to enter business life. He first engaged in sheet metal work, learning the trade, but followed it only dui-ing the regular period of apprenticeslii]). He afterward went to sea, devoting the succeeding twelve years to a seafaring life, becoming chief steward in the purser's depart- ment on the line from Boston to Xew York and Xew Orleans and also sailing to various foreign jjorts. He arrived in Tacoma in 1901 and for seven years was with the Stone-Fisher Dry Goods

WII.rUKI) A. KMITIl

iiisToin' oi' r.\(()M.\ 579

(Oiiiiiaiiy ;is (IcpartiiKiit inaiiagcr. In I'.Mi' he lucaim- ^ciRral inaiiajier (if tlie old Tacoiiia Hospital and in Scptenilicr, I'.H."). took char<>c of the present institution, a new modern and l)eauli- fnl huildinu- wliieh ranks with the finest institutions of the kind in tlie west and woukl l)e a ere(ht to any eity, as it is spletuhdly

e([uipped aeeording to the most i iirn seientific methods, and as

snperinteiiilent of tlie Taconia {irnnal IIiis])ital Mr. .Sniitli is making' an exeidlent reeord, posstssitii;' the rccjuirid (|iialilicatiniis of exeentivc and administrative ahility.

In Taeoma oeenrred the marriage of Mr. .Smith ;ind .Miss Mahel Larson, a native of St. I'aiii. .Minnesota, and thev have three children. Haymond. Mar<iarct and l{nth. 'i'he leli^ions faith of the family is that of the liaptist ehureh. and the interests of .Mr. Smith's life are further indicated in the fact that he is identifiid with the Odd I'dlows. the Kcd Men and tin- Knij^hts of Pythias — organizations which ha\f their root in a rec()«>nition of the hrotherhood of mankind and the ohliyations therehy imposed. In ])olities he is a rcpnhlican, and his interest in com- munitv affairs is shown in his nu nii)crship in the Commercial (hill, his su|i|iiirt hciuf^ given to all its plans and nicasures for the puhlie good. Success has come to him as the years have gone on and he is today one of the representative husiness men of Taeoma, characterized hy the spirit of enterprise which dominates the northwest.

CxEOKGE CORYDOX W WCiXKH. M. D.

Dr. George Corydon Wa<>ner, engaged in the practice of medicine at Taeoma. was horn Xovcmhcr H. 18.V.». at Dickinson's Landing in Ontario. Canada. His father. Dr. William H. Wag- ner, also a native of that c-imnhN. was of (Jerman lineum'. His early ancestors were driven from (urmany into Holland and from Holland into England and thence emigrated to Anu'riea in the seventeenth century. They settled at New Amsterdam. where rejjrcscntatives of the family lived for many generations. Dr. Wagner's immediate ancestors were Tories or Empire Loy- alists and during the Revolutionary war were driven into Canada. Dr. William H. AVagncr hecamc a successful jihysician of Can- ada and engaged in active ])raefice at Dickinson's Landing until his death, which occurred April 7, IHH."). when he was sixty-one

Vol. 11 — 34

580 HISTORY OF TACOMA

years of age. He married INIarguerite E. Dixon, a native of that country and a daughter of Edwin Dixon, an early settler of Canada of Scotch and English descent. JNIrs. Wagner passed away in 1878, at the age of fifty-four years, leaving six children, of whom three are living: George C; ]\liss Theresa J. Wagner, a resident of Tacoma; and Sarah E., also living in this city.

Dr. Wagner was educated in the public and high schools of Stormont county, Ontario, and in McGill University at :Mont- real, where he pursued his professional course and was graduated in 1881, winning the M. D. and C. M. degrees. Immediately afterward he began practice in his native town and continued there quite successfully for eight years. On the Sd of Decem- ber. 1888. he arrived in Tacoma. where he practiced for many years but is now practically living retired.

On the 7th of June. 1893, Dr. Wagner was married to Miss Heartie Dimmock Griggs, a daughter of Colonel C. W. Griggs, and they became parents of two children: JNIartha, born in Tacoma, June 8, 1894; and George C, born in Tacoma, October 1-i, 189.3. The family residence at No. 324 North E street is a beautiful home overlooking the Bay.

Dr. Wagner is well known in professional circles and for three or four years served as secretary of the Pierce County Medical Society, to which he still belongs. He is also a member of the State and American JNIedical Associations and he has membership in the Union and Country Clubs and in the Episco- pal church. His jjolitical allegiance is given to the democratic party where national questions are involved but otherwise he casts an independent ballot.

CHARLES C. MELLINGER.

Charles C. ]Mellinger, of the C. C. INIellinger Company, prominenf funeral directors of Tacoma. having an establish- ment at No. 510 South Tacoma avenue second to none in the city, was born near Wooster, Ohio, on Christmas day of 186.5. His parents. David and Christina Mellinger, were also natives of that locality and both were of German descent. The father was a millwright by trade but instead of following that occupation he took charge of his father's farm, Avhich had been entered from the government as a homestead.

1I1ST()K\ Ol' TACDMA 581

CMiarles C. ]Melliii<^er af(juire(l his <>cii(.'ral education in tlic country schools of Ohio and at'tciward pursued a commercial course in the Tri State Normal at Anjiola, Indiana. At the a«e of seventeen ytais lu- intiit-d upnii an a|)])renticeslii|) willi the firm of Landis ^: Schmuck. owning tlie leadin<>' underlakiii<>- and furniture establishment in W'ooster. He remained with that house for two years and afterward went to Ivansas City, Mis- souri, where he spent two years in the employ of thi imdertakin^- firm of E. Stein & Son. lie afterward worked for 1 ). !•'.. Ileaton, an undertaker at St. Joseph, Missouri, for more than two years and at the end of that period went west to Seattle, where he was associated witii ( ). t'. .Sjiovey & Company, niidt rtakers. for a year, .\fter a \isit to Oliio and tlic middle west \\v returned to Seattle and worked for Honney & Stewart lor two years. In 1H!>2 he started in husiness at Mount Vernon, Washington, liul owin^ to hard times disjjosed of his estahlishment alter fifteen months and returned to Seattle and also went to Kverett. In 1896 he came to Tacoma and later went to S])okane, where he was with the W'ashinyton I ^idertakint>- Company until IHilT. when he returned to Tacoma and established an undertaking)' busi- ness on a small scale. He has seen this l)usiness. throu<>h his persi-stent effort and hard work, grow into one of the lar<4-est, with the finest ecjuipped residence undertakinj^' parloi's in the west. His brother, L. S, ]SIellin<)er, is associated with him in the business, which is cotiducted under the firm name of the C. C. Mellin<fer Company, 'riuir present buililinii. w liieli was erected in 1!)()!>, is of reinforced concrete and wood ,ind is two and one- half storiis in hei<;ht. It was specially built for tlu' aeeomnioda- tion and privacy of theii- work and, being the first and only one in the eitv, has received wide commendation.

C II.VKLKS ELIJAH CASK. .M. 1).

Dr. Charles Klijah Case was born in Colusa, California, Jan- uary 1(1, 18."):{. His father, Elijah Case, was iiorn in C;uiada of Scotch parents, but early became a resident of Illinois. He mar- ried Jane I.,»icretia \\ aii . of Rochester, Xew ^'ork. Elijah Case, accompanied by his w ife and son, George Albert, who was l)orn in Xauvoo, Illinois, made the trip across the continent to Cali- fornia in 1S40. He first located in Colusa, where he l)uilt n|) a

582 HISTORY OF TACO.AIA

successful niercliandise store and soon esta])lished other merchan- dise houses at Kniglit's Landing. Eddy's Landing, Linden and Sacramento. In 1856 he estabhshed a mercantile business in San Francisco, in which city he thereafter made his home. He engaged also in the l)anking business in both San Francisco and Oakland. His extensive real estate holdhigs in Oakland became very valuable. Later in life business reverses overtook him. He died in 1883 at the age of seventy-four years. His wife survived him only six weeks, her death occurring in December of the same year. Besides the one brother already mentioned. Dr. Case has another. Dr. Edwin Gains Case, a dentist of Oakland, and two sisters, JMrs. Minen-a Jane Sweeny of Oakland and ]Mrs. Effie Cordelia Colin of Berkeley.

Dr. Case was educated in private schools and in the City Col- lege of San P^rancisco. He then entered the mercantile business but after a few years (in 1877) he matriculated in Coojier Med- ical College, at that time called The JNIedical College of the Pa- cific. After a two years' course there he entered the California ^Medical College at Oakland and upon graduating was made demonstrator of anatomy and professor of anatomy and surgical anatomy. In the \\'inter of 1882-3 he resigned to take up prac- tice in Tacoma. which was at that time known as Xew Tacoma. In 188.) and 188() Dr. Case was again a student, this time in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago. Upon gradu- ating from that institution, which was in affiliation with the Uni- versity of Illinois, Dr. Case retui'ued to Tacoma. where he has continued to reside, leaving the city several times, however, to take post-graduate courses at medical colleges in Chicago and New York. With the exception of the time s^ient at medical colleges it will l)e seen that Dr. Case has been a resident of Ta- coma since tiie winter of 1882 and is therefore the oldest prac- ticing physician in the city.

In 1884 Dr. Case married Frances E. Linquist. who was born in Parkersburg, West Yirginia. She is the daughter of Cap- tain G. F. Linquist, a Civil wai- veteran and pioneer Tacoman. Arriving here in 1880 Captain Linquist was very active in civic and political affairs. He was a stalwart republican and held several prominent offices. Dr. Case has two sons, both born in Tacoma: Edwin Frances, who is in the county treasurer's office in Tacoma; and Charles Albert, a noted tenor and teacher of vocal music in San Francisco.

Dr. Case is a member of several fraternal societies, notably

IIISTUKV C)l' TACO.MA '>8.i

among them being- the Maccaliee^, NN'oodmeii ot' the Woild. An- cient tJrdcr uf l'"urester.s. Odd l-"elk)\v.s, Klks. and all tlie Masonic bodies and the ^lystic Slirine. For many years he was a general practitioner of niedieim Imt tor the last twenty years his practice lias been limited to ollice practice and surgery.

SAMFEL W IIKIXSOX.

Death elaiiiK<i a wealthy anil pnimimiit eiti/en of Taeoma when (III the "Jlst ol' August, I'.H.j, Samuel Wilkinson passed away, lie had long been actively and |)idmiiiiiitly connected with the business interests of the city and his interests were of a character that contributed to public progress and im])rovcment as well as to individual success. He was born in Hiilfalo. New ^'ork. and became a resident of Taeoma in ]H7:i. when the city had not yet emerged from villagehood. lie did not become a permanent resident at that time, for after about three years he relui'iied to Xew \'ork, but the spirit of the west had entered his life. The opfxirtunities which prove a line t'oi- the capable, am- bitious and energetic man (ailed him and in 187(i he letmiud. The following year, as evidence of the fact that he intended to remain, he erected the home in which his remaining days were sjjcnt and in which his widow still resides. From the iieginning oi' his residence in Taeoma he enteied actively into its iiiisiness development ami for a long period was engaged in real estate dealing and was also connected with the himlier industry as piesi- dent of the Ilillerest Lumber Company. His illte^e^t in the wcllare of the city was always of a helpful and liciieticial char- acter and he did everything in his power to |)roiiiotc its progress and ii|)bnilding. He performed many generous and imselHsh acts in supjiorl of interests that he believed would prove to be of benefit to tiie growing city and he stood at all times for those interests which are a matter of civic virtue and ei\ ic pride, doing active \\<irk along that hue as a mciiiiicr of xaiimis (•i\ ic organi- zations.

.Mr. W ilkiii>oii was united in man'iage to Miss Isabel Tiltoii Evans. They became the jjarents of two sons and a daiighler: Samuel Hitter, now living near liismarck. North Dakota; Liv- ingston, of Taeoma: and Mrs. Zelma W . Lane, of Taeoma. Ilis home was one of the most attractive in the city, commanding a

584 HISTORY OF TACOMA

fine view, while the liouse was surrounded by a well kept lawn adorned with beautiful flowers. He found his greatest happiness in administering to the welfare and comfort of his family and his best traits of character were reserved for his own fireside. Tacoma rated him with its leading citizens and he was known and admired for the honesty and integrity of his purpose and his efforts for the city's benefit.

EDWIN A. MONTAGUE, M. D.

Dr. Edwin A. INIontaque was born in Cromwell. Ohio county, Kentucky, INIarch 8, 1870, a son of Archibald P. Montague, who was born in North Carolina and represents an old Virginia family of English origin. The ancestral line in America is traced back to Peter JMontague, who crossed the Atlantic in the ^Mayflower. A. P. Montag-ue was a successful merchant of Cromwell, Ken- tucky, for many years and died in 1881, at the age of fifty. He was a Mason ancl a devoted member of the Baptist church. His ^vife, who in her maidenhood was Nancy Ellen Leach, was born in Maryland, December 12, 1832, a daughter of Joseph L. Leach, who represented an old American family. Some of its members participated in the struggle for independence. Three brothers of Archibald P. ]Montague were Confederate soldiers in the Civil war and two of the number were killed in ])attle. ]\Irs. ]\Iontague ])assed away February 15, 1896, at Princeton, Kentucky. In her family were five sons and one daughter.

Dr. Montag-ue, the fifth in order of birth, supplemented his public school training by study in a college at Hartford, Ken- tucky, and also in the State Normal School at Bowling Green, after which he became a student in Bethel College at Russellville, Kentucky. During his college days he became a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. After his graduation he en- tered the live stock business in Kentucky, selling and buying horses. He next became a commercial traveler, representing a grocery house, his territory covering the mountain districts of Kentucky. The next two years he was commercial agent for steamship lines plying between Evansville, Indiana, and Bowling Green, Kentucky, and he also represented boats on the Green and Barren rivers and on Ohio rivers. He devoted his spare time to the study of medicine, and later became a student in the Kansas

TTTSTOin' OF TACOMA 585

City (Mo.) University. He won liis professional degree in I'JO.'J. lie then entered a eolle<>e in Cliieago for post-yraduate work. For fonr years lie was en<;a<>ed in the active practice of medicine in Kui-eka. California. He came to Taconia Septenil)er !>, 1!K)8, and lias won here a lari^v and i^i-atifying practice. For some time he served as medical inspector for Tacoma schools and is now city health oflficer.

On the UHtii of Septemlier. WH).'), Di-. Montague was married in Ilumholdt connty, California, to Miss ]May Richmond, a native (if 1 IniiilMildt cmiiitv . where her parents were early .settlers. For many years her father was connty recorder and a Icadini)' and iiiHnential citizen. Dr. and Mrs. .Monta<rne have hecome parents of two sons and a dan<j;hter: Hichmond Lewis, horn in Knreka, California, Septemln r i;2, 1906; Thomas Archihald, Ixirn in Ta- coma. March Ki. l'.»(»S: and May Kllen, horn in thi« city, in 1912.

Dr. Montayiie htlon^s to the 'I'acoma, tiie I'iercc Connty and the Washington State .Medical societies, to tlie L'niversity and Commercial Clnhs, and is a Mason and an KlU.

IIK1{HERT S. GRIGGS.

llerhert .S. Griggs, a Mell known lawyer of Taconia, was horn in St. Pan). .Minnesota, Fehrnary 27. 1801, and is a son of Colonel Channcey W. (iriggs, a sketch of whom appears else- where in this work. Ileiiieit .S. Ciriggs was educated in the public and high schools of St. Panl, in ^'ale University, where he received the Rachelor of Arts degree in 1882, and in ^'ale IjHw School, where the jjrofcssional LL. R. degree was conferred npoii liiiii at his graduation with the class of 1884. lie immedi- ately thereafter continued his reading in the law office of (Gov- ernor C. K. Davis, of Minnesota, with whom he was associated for ahout a year. He then entered upon active j)ractice and in the year 188.5 served as assistant city attorney of .St. l*anl. He rciiKiMicd ill iiis iiati\c state until 1888. when he came to Tacoma and during the intervening period of twenty-seven years lias heen continuously engaged in active i)ractice. His praclici- is extensive and of an im])ortant character. He is secretary and a large stockholder and director of the .St. Paul & Taconia lannher Coiii|i;iny. and of .ill llic ;iii\lll,ii\ liranches of that cor- jioration.

On t!u- l.Mli of .June. IKOl. in Tacoma. Mr. (iriggs was

586 HISTORY OF TACOxMA

niarrifd to Miss Klvira Caroline Iiigersoll, a native of Milwau- kee, ^Visconsin, and a daughter of Avery M. Ingersoli. Their children are four in number: H. Stanton, born in Taconia. Janu- ary 2"2, lOOd: C'hauncey Leavenworth, born July (i. 1909; Har- riett. Felnuary 10, 1911; and Elvira Caroline, August 2, 191.3. Their home, which 31r. Griggs owns, is one of the beautiful residences of Tacoma and is situated at Xo. 923 North Yakima street.

INIrs. Griggs holds membership with the Colonial Dames, is an active worker in chai'itable circles and is a devoted member of the Episcopal church. Both ]Mr. and INIrs. Griggs belong to the Tacoma Humane Society, of which he is the secretary. In polities he is independent. During his college days he became a member of the Psi Upsilon and also of the Delta Kapjja. He has membership with the Sons of the American Revolution and the Loyal I^egion, and in commercial and social circles he is well known as a memlier of the Union, University and Commercial Clubs of Tacoma, while the natvu'e of his recreation is indicated in the fact that he holds membership in the Tacoma Golf and Country Club. He is an attendant and active supporter of the Congregational church, and his interest in all that works for the betterment of tlie community is jjronounced. Along strictly professional lines jNIr. Griggs is connected with the Pierce County, the ^^^ashington State and the American Bar Asso- ciations, and in the year 1913 he served as president of the Pierce County Bar Association.

HOX. MERRUrT J. GORDON.

Hon. ]Merritt J. Gordon has carved his name high on the keystone of the legal arch of Washington. He is now engaged in general ])ractice in Tacoma as senior partner of the firm of Gordon & Easterday. High judicial honors have been conferred upon him, covering service on the superior court and supreme court benclies of Washington, and he has proven himself the peer of the ablest representatives of the state's judiciary.

Judge Gordon is of Canadian birth, a native of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, born March 17, 18.59. The family is of Scotch descent and the first re]iresentative of the name on the American continent was Captain John Gordon, who served in Eraser's

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lUSTOUV Ol TACO.MA

589

regiment of \V()If'e'.s army of Iliglilaiulers. After tlie siirreiidei- of the Freiieli he went over into \'ennont, where lie loeated in 17.59. Merritt (iordon. lathti- nl' .ludge Gordon, was l)niii in that slate Imt alimit IHt;> removed to C'anachi and l)eeanie not only an early ^ettler of his distriet l)nt also a prominent i-ailniad eontraetor and hnilder. He was assoeiated with his hrolhers, .James A. and Clarke (iordon, in hnilding the old liitereolonial railroad, now a i)ait of Die Canadian TaeiHc sy.stem, to Georgian hav. He was \ iiy sneeessful in his undertakings, huilding up a l)nsiness of lai'ge and profitahle projwrtions in which he eontintied to engage until the latter ])art of his life. IK' died neai' Shvv- hrooke. Canada, in I'.XX), at tiic age of eiglity-lhree years. His \\\l\\ who liore the maiden name of Sarah MeCarroll. was of Irish (leseent and was a daughttr of .Mr. and Mrs. liohert MeCarroll. who were natives of Iieland anil heeame residents of A'erinont, wheiT Mrs. (iordon was horn. .She died at tlu oM home near .Slu ■rl>rooke. Canada, in T.tOS. at tlu- ,ige of eighty vears. In tln' family were seven ehildren lait only three are now Hxing: W. \\'.. wlio follows agrieultural pursuits in I?nr- lington. \'ermoiit: Merritt J.: and (iertie, the wife ol' C. A. liillings, of ()lym])ia. \Vashington.

After allendiiig the pulihe schools of Clinton county. N'ew York, Judge Ciordon entered Champlain Academy, from whicli he was graduated in 1878. In the spring of 187'.) he removed to Laneshoro, Minnesota, where he eutei'ed the law oiHee of Iv \. Donaldson, one of the leading attorneys and contrii)utors to legal h'teratni't' ol' that section. He was admitted to practice in I'ill- niore county. Minnesota, in ISSO lint in I SHI removed to .\iiei-- (!(•( n. South l)akota, just after tlie town was founded at tlu- i-ailin;i(l innetinn there. He continued in .■ieti\c practice in Alier- deen nnlil IS!'(l ;ind was a pmniinent figui'e in puhlic all'airs, doing not a little to further the interests of his eity and distriet in the early days. He was chosen to represent his distriet in the constitutional convention which framed the organic law of the state and he was also made a memlier of the first state legislature of .Sdiith Dakota. During his connection with the coiislitut Inn.il convention he served as chairman (if the pidiciary enmmillec and on other important committees and he was also city attorney of .Ahei-dccn and district attorney of the fil'fh district.

In the spiiny of ISIKt .Judge (iordon arrixcd in W'ashinglon. settling at ()lym|)ia. and in .June. 1H!I-J. he w.as appointed to tlu superior I)cnch hy (Governor ]''eiMy to fill out a \acancy in 'I'hurs-

590 HISTORY OF TACOMA

ton county. In the fall of that year he was elected for a four years' term and in 181) J- higher judicial honors were conferred upon him in his electit)n to the supreme bench. Pie served as a member of the state's highest tribunal until June, 11)00, when he resigned and removed to Spokane. He was a most able repre- sentative of the court of last resort. From 1900 until August, 1908, he engaged in the private practice of law in Spokane and then removed to Tacoma, where he has since remained as an active member of the bar, being now at the head of the firm of Gordon & Fasterday. His pronounced ability has gained him promi- nence and the practice of the firm is extensive and important.

At Carbondale, Pennsylvania, on the 17th of August, 1879, Judge Gordon was married to Miss Jennie Ij. Thompson, a native of Pemisylvania and a daughter of D. C. and ]Myra E. Thompson, of an old family of that state. The latter is still living and now makes her home with Judge and ]Mrs. Gordon, but her liusl)and passed away in Tacoma in 1905. Judge and Mrs. Gordon have two children: Helen, born in Dakota, Sep- tember 18, 1880. the wife of George G. ^Mills, of Olympia, where he is engaged in business as a hardware merchant; and Carroll A., an attorney of Seattle, who married Edith Norton, a representa- tive of one of the oldest families of Tacoma.

In politics Judge Gordon is an earnest repul)lican and frater- nally he is connected with the IMasons and with the Elks. He belongs to the blue lodge and commandery at Olympia and to the ISIystic Shrine at Tacoma. Along strictly professional lines he has connection with the Pierce Comity, the Washington State and the National Bar Associations and his ability has brought him prominently to the front as a distinguished lawyer of the northwest. He entered upon a calling in which advancement is secured entirely tln'ough individual merit and that he stands to(hiy in the foremost rank of the legal profession is indicati\e of his native and acquired talents and ability.

W. DAVID INIOFFATT.

W. David Moffatt, president of the State Business College at Tacoma, has in this institution established and conducted one of the foremost commercial educational institutions of the north- west. He has made it a school of which the citv has every reason

IIISTOKV OF TALU.MA 591

to l)c proud and its stiideiits have gone foi'lli into lilc urll equipiJcd to liandle important duties, tlieir (lc\ tlopcd powers serving as a liuindation for growing success. In IIk i(Midnil of the school Ml. Mott'att has hehl to tlie highest standards and his work lias lieen fraught with good results.

lie was born in New York city, February l."i, 18(i."{. and is deseendeil from Scotch ancestry. There are today hundreds and liiindieds of representatives of the name of .Mofl'att. spelled in various wavs. in the ntw world. The i'amily is in possession of a coat (if ai-ms w liieli dipiets high in the heavens a bank ol' black, lowering clouds, llie clouds of ad\trsity: standing out in stariling distinctness, ])artly reclining in tluir midst, is llu- Cross of C'lnist. da/zling wiiitc in the relkcted unseen glory fr(im alio\( : llu- Cross, in its turn, throws the rays of faitii upon the earth and its troubles below . The scene below represents a pelican feeding her young with the flesh and blood of her own breast, rather than thev shiiuld prrisii. The motto "Melius Est Mori Quam I'ati Ignominiam."" literally translated is "It is better to die than suffer dishonor" and is usually translated "Death before dis- honor." The |)resent day tradition iliat goes with this coat of arms is that il was presented by Conslantiiic the (Jrcat. Ihi- liisl Clu'istian emperor of Home, in the fourth ciiitury. to Senator Moffat, of Scotland, for striking deeds of valor. There has been organized in the I'nited States a t'lan Molfal, now a chartered family association, with authority under the laws of the state of Illinois to "maintain a family or a clan as.sociation. to hold family fii- clan reunions, and to purcha.se real estate suitable for such elan and family lennions or for clan settlement, to publish elan bulletins and a elan history and gcncalog}- and to gather data foi- such pulilications."

In .\ugust. I'.M.'). was held a great i'amilv r(nnion of the Moil'ats (d' America. St. Fouis being chosen as the miiting place, after which a ti-ip was made by river steand)oat down the Missis- sippi and 111) the Ohio and Tenne.s.see rivers to the Shiloli liallle- ficld. Near the old home in Scotland where originally lived the Moffats from whom W. David ^Sloffatt is descended is a well of sulphur water known as the Moffat Well, and under that caption tlic .Motfatana Hiilletin writes: "From (Jrieve's Guide we glean ' Hilt we .■ire (III (iiir way to the well, and Ihc wdddcn xcraiidah lliat is alio\e the stone building is now in xicw. It is most pictiir- e.S(|uely situated, for it is ])erched on ilie ediic of a linn. The Burnoek water leaps from rock to rock far below, and bending over it are ivv clad trees. Near the well is the Highland Man's

592 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Leap. liut it is well an iron fence guards the hanks of the burn, for the ground is rock mixed with loose gravel, and many have lost their lives there. Still there is no danger if one keeps to the right side of the fence. The Sulphur Well of ^loffat was brought into fame by a daughter of Di-. ^Vhiteford, Parson of 3Ioti'at. in 1638. Twenty years after, a little l)ook was pub- lished on ]Moffat \Vell, and from then onward the fame of ]MofFat Sulphui- 'Well went u\) by leaps and bounds. It is now one of the fashionable spas of Euroj^e.' Vour clan historian inclines to the l)elief that this gaseous sul])hur well named the locality and the locality named the people. But a mile away is the well marked remains of an ancient Roman road. In the coming books will appear a learned and exhaustive essay on the etymology of the JMofFet name by Rev. Thomas Clemence Mof- fatt: now deceased. We quote from this article: 'Turnbull, quoting from Dr. Garnett. 1800. says. "The quantity of free gas evolved from the water at no time is great. The water is never decidedly sparkling. It does assume a certain degree of cloudiness from the uniform diffusion through it of very minute gaseous globules." These statements sufficiently estal)lish the fact that the Moffat well is. though to be sure on a small scale, a mofette, mofeta. mefite. mephitis. It also takes no stretch of the imagination to think of the Roman soldiers camiJed for some time in the neighborhood, as looking upon it as a mopheth, in the Hebrew sense of the word, a token of the presence of the. deity, as in the so familiar Mofetes of the Amsanctus Valley and the grove of Albunea, the latter only a short distance from Rome, Italy. The imagination easily pictures these su])erstitious and homesick soldiers bringing to this romantic spot at Moffat Well their offerings and worshiping the goddess Mephitis (especially if that goddess was but an alternative form of .Tuno) with the rites of home-land, so far away.' "

Alfred :Moffatt. father of W. David :Moffatt. was a native of Xew York and became a stock raiser and very successfid man. He served in a Xew York regiment during the Civil ^v■dv and in 1882 he became a resident of Xorth Dakota, where he secured a homestead claim and there resided until his death, which occurred in Grand Forks, Xorth Dakota, in 1909, when he was seventy- five years of age. He had been quite active in politics as a supporter of the republican pai-fy. He married Ellen Liddle, a native of Canada and a daughter of George Twiddle, who was born in Scotland. She died in Xew York city in 1887, at the age of tliirty-nine years, and of her five children four yet survive.

ms r()l{\- Ol-- I'ACO.MA •''>^:<

Follow iii^ the rciiio\al ol' the family to tlu- iiiiddle west \V . David Moflatt pursued his edtieation in the ^raniiiiar sehools at Warren, Minnesota, and was graduated from tiie hiy:h sehool. I !(.• afterward ( ntei'ed Ilandiiic l'niversit\- at St. I'aiil. Minne- sota, wjiere he eonipleted the work of tile senior year. He next niatrietdated in tiie State University and was L^iadnaled in 1«!(.) with the Haehelor of Arts decree. Prior to this time, however, he tan<>ht ni^ht .school in St. I'anl. .Minnesota, bein<r connected with an institution which was originally called the St. I'anl Busi- ness College. K\entually he sold his interest therein and came to the northwi'st. arri\in^- in Tacoma on the PJth of July, IS!).'). He irnnirdiateiy estahlished the State Business College, opening'" the dnoi's (if the schodi witinnit an tiirollinint and with onlv oiu' niyht school pupil. From the bei>innin^-, however, his |)atrona<ife ^rew and when the ])vesent war came on there was an attendance of ap])roxiinately three hundred, representing- almost every state in tile I'nion. Since tlie l)e^innin^- of tiie war. howtxer. tiic em-ollnient has i)ien somewhat reduced. Mr. Midl'att concen- trates iiis enci'i'ies u|)on the school and its conduct. The insti- tution now occupies the top floor of the new Fidelity hiiildin^'. a modern ofKcc structure in the heart of Tacoma. The rooms are splendidly e(|nippcd for the ])urpo.se of tiie school and every faciiity is fnrnislied to advance tiie ])U])iis. Tile State Husiness C'olie<fe '"s tiie ])ro])erty of MoflTatt lirothers and at tiie time of tlie estahlishment of the sciiool tlicv introduced tlie (ire^y system of shoifhand. which at that time was not tauj^ht in Tacoma. Tiiey had to fi^iit much opj)osition hut time |)ro\(<l the worth of tiieir metiiods and today the Gren<i- system is taught in the nm-th- west to a ,<rreater extent than any other system. It is tiie jMirpose of tiie .sciiool that its students will lie speedy, accurate and tnist- wortiiy .'ind its graduates are now found tiirou<r|iout the country, making- ;>ood in tiie various positions wliicli they occupy. l{eeo<r- nizin^ tiie fact tiiat there was a demand for competent men and women, tiie Moffatt Brotiiers resolved to e(|uip tiie youn^ for rcspoiisililc positions and their pupils arc now (|ualiticd for any deiiartnient of office or commercial woik. .Mr. .Mcdl'att lias ^iven Tacoma much ])ul)lieity in all iiarts of the country throuLih liis sciiool adveitisin^ literature. lie sends out a paper called the State Business Coiie<je Journal, which is \\ idely circulated, and it has done mucii to help make Tacoma known tlirou^iiout the eounti\'.

594 HISTORY OF TACOMA

III St. Paul, :Miiinesota, on the 28th of August, 1900, Mr. Moffatt was married to JNIiss Rose Sauer, a native of that city and a representative of an old and prominent fanlilJ^ They have become parents of four sons: Kenneth, who is now a business college student; Clinton, who is a pupil in the seventh grade of the public schools; Jolm; and Thomas. The family reside at No. 934 South Ridgewood and the proijerty is owned by Mr. Moffatt.

In jjolitics he is a republican where national issues are in- volved but casts an inde])endeiit local ballot. Fraternally he is connected with the Elks, the ^Voodmen of tlie \Voi-ld and the Loyal Order of jMoose and he is a member of the Automobile Club. He also belongs to the First Methodist Episcoi)al church of Taconia and his life is actuated by liigb and honorable ])rin- ciples that guide him in all of his relations, l)()th professional and business. He holds to high ideals and to high standards and his work has been of great benefit in the northwest.

FREDERICK L. KELLOGG.

Frederick L. Kellogg, vice president of the Stilson-Kellogg Shoe Comi^any, was born in Rochester, JNIinnesota. November 13, 1868, a son of Cyrus H. Kellogg, who was a native of New York and was of English descent. At the time of the Civil war he became a private of a New York regiment and while at the front in the performance of his duty he was taken prisoner. After the war, in 186.5, he removed to Rochester, Minnesota, where he conducted a profitable business as a retail merchant, and later he successfully engaged in the wholesale shoe business in St. Paul, in which city he passed away in Octol)er, 1912, at the age of seventy years. In jjolitics he was a stanch democrat and a warm supporter of Grover Cleveland. He never sought public office for himself but was a man of strong convictions. He be- longed to the Unitarian church and also to the INIasonic frater- nity— associations which indicated much concerning the rules that governed his life. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Julia C. Olds, is a native of Illinois and now resides in Tacoma. On the maternal side her family is related to ex-President William H. Taft. Mr. and jNIrs. Kellogg became the parents of four chi)-

IIISTUKV Ol TACO.MA 595

dren, two sons and two dauolitc is : Klla M.. liviii-^ in Taconia; Frederick L.; Clara X., also ol' Taeouia; and Lee Ulds, ol' Xew York city, who is a mining engineer and editor on the Engineer- ing Magazine. i)iil)lislied in \e\\ ^'()^k.

Frederick I^. Kellogg pursued his education in tlie public and high schools ol' Kociiester, ^linnesota, and tiie high schools ol' St. Paul, from which he was graduated with the class of IHHd. He then entered business with his fatlur and while thus en<>'aii'ed pursued a night law course in the University of Minnesota, from which he was graduated with the LIv. B. degree in the class of lH!t4. He was admitted to tlie bar but never entered upon active practice, coiitimiiiig his liusiness associations with his father and his successors, the French-Finch Company, who succeeded to the business of the Kellogg-.Johnson Comi)any. Frederick L. Kel- logg remained with that Hrm for a year and then removeil to Tacoma. where he became connected with his piesent business under tiie name of the Stilson-Kellogg Shoe Company. This business was jjreviously known as the Stilson Shoe Company but wiien Mr. Kellogg entered into active connection therewith his name found a place in the firm style and lie was chosen vice president of tlu conipany, wliicli ])osition he still fills. They have their ottice, factory and plant at \o. 110 East Twenty-si.xth street and the business is one of the important industi'ial and com- mercial concerns of the city.

In St. Paul, Minnesota, on the 1st of .Tune, 18!)(i, Mv. Kel- logg was marrit-d to Miss Jeanne Wemott. a native of l)ul)U(|ue, Iowa, and a daughter of Stejihen .Smitii and Elvira Abigail Wemott. They have a daughter. Eli/.abctli Wemott. who was born in St. Paul. Octobei- ai. lilO'i.

Mr. l\ellogg gives his ])olitical sn|)port to the democratic paity and he itelongs to the Commercial Club, the Rotary CinI) and tlie Tacoma (Joll'iV Country Chib. being ideiitiHed with three of the leading organizations of this character in this citv.

.I()si-:pii s. smeall, .m. d.

Dr. Joseph S. Smeall. who is engaged in the practice of medi- cine and has also devoted considerable time to hos|)ital practice in Tacf)ma. was born in Dodge. Nebraska. ,\ugust 1."}, 1KK.'{. 'I'lu' famih' is of I'olisii descent and was founded in America bv .John

506 HISTORY OF TACOMA

Snieall, grandfather of the Doctor. The father, Jacob Smeall, was a native of JNlount Carmel, Pennsylvania, and in 1871 be- came a pioneer settler of Nebraska, where he entered a claim of one lumdred and sixty acres of government land, after which he followed agricnltm'al pursuits and in later years he added stock raising thereto. Success attended his intelligently directed efforts, enabling him now to live retired from business. He was quite active in jjolitics in Nebraska, where he has filled various federal offices. His political allegiance is given to the democratic party and his religious faith is that of the Roman Catliolic church. He now makes his home at Cornlea, Nebraska. His wife, Mrs. Anna Smeall, wlio was also born at Mount Carmel, Pennsyl- vania, is yet living. She became the mother of thirteen cliildren. of whom Joseph S. is the eleventh in order of birth.

After attending the public schools at Farwell, Nebraska, Dr. Smeall continued his education in the Sisters Institution of St. Francis and later St. Benedict's School at Atchison, Kansas. He was graduated from Creighton University at Omaha, Ne- braska, with the class of 1907 and on the 28th of May of that year arrived in Tacoma, where he became an interne in St. Joseph's Hospital, where he continued until 1909, gaining a broad and valuable experience from his hospital jiractice. Since leaving the hospital he has given his attention largely to the general practice of medicine, although he is still active to some extent in hospital practice and is inclined to specialize in surgery.

On the 21st of June, 1913, in Tacoma, Dr. Smeall was mar- ried to ]Miss I^ula ]May Nash, a native of Wisconsin, and a daugh- ter of George B. Nash, who for the past thirteen years has resided in Tacoma. Dr. and ^Irs. Smeall have a son. Joseph J., born December 21, 191.5. They reside at No. 1402 South Pine street. Dr. Smeall is examining physician for the Eagles and is an active member of the Knights of Columbus and also of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. He is a most earnest member of the Roman Catholic church, contributing generously to its support and doing much to advance its work. In politics he is a republi- can and in 1912 was a candidate for the office of county coroner. When Dr. Smeall arrived in Tacoma his cash capital consisted of but thirteen dollars and seventy-five cents. Since that time he has made steady and rapid progress. He owes his success and his jirofessional ])osition entiiely to his own efforts and ability and he has worked his way upward along lines that have called forth his native powers and talents and promoted his skill. He

IIISTOUV Ol TACOMA 597

is iii(i->l devoted to his work, recognizing; the responsil)ilit\ ;iiid obligation tliat devolves upon the physician and those vvlm know liis professional service speak of him in Uiiiis of liigh regard.

SYDNEY W. SI.MPSOX. 1)1). S.

..V well ecpiippcil dental olliee and marked skill in practice have enal)led Dr. Sydney W. Simpson to gain a most creditable position in tlu lanks of the dental fraternity in Tacoma. lie was born Angust 2i), 1881, in Des Moines, Iowa, a son oi" W. II. Simpsdn. a native of Michigan and one of the early settlers of the llaukeyc state. lie became a locomotive engineer but is now living retired in Tacoma. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Clara Tilley. was born in London, Kngland, and was l)r(iugiit to .America when a child of three years by licr father, Anthony Tilley, who made his way direct to Iowa and cast in his lot with the jjioneer settlers of Des Moines. lie was a butcher l)y trade and established the first meat niarkct in that city. Hy her mar- riage Mrs. Simpson became the mother of four children, of whom three arc living, while Harriett, the first born, has ])asse(l away. The others are: Howard, who is conducting a cafeteria in Chi- cago; Sydney W.; and Ross, who is also a practicing dentist of Tacoma.

Dr. Sydney W. Simpson, after attending the i)ublie and high .schools of Des Moines, continued his education in the Capital City Commercial College there and later he accepted a jjosition as invoice clerk witii the IJiow ii-Hurley Hardware' Cuiiipaiiy of Des Moines. He continued with that firm for eighteen months and then resigned his jjosition. for he had deternn'ned to {|uali('y for a professional career. He malricailated in the Western Dental College of Kansas City, from wliicli lie was giaduated with the I). I). S. degree in 1910. He immediately came to 'i'a- coma and entered upon the practice of dentistry, in which lie has since successfully continued. He worked his own way througli college, acting as a waiter in restaurants, as a hotel clcik and aUn filling \'arious othei' pusitinns that wdiild IhIiil; liiiii llic money necessary for his college course. He possesses the marked mechanical skill and ingenuity so necessary to the dentist and adds tliereto a comprehensive knowledge of the broad scientific princij)les upon which dental practice is based. Ih is a tiuinlier

598 HISTORY OF TACOMA

of the Pierce County Dental Society, of wliich he was vice presi- dent in 1914., and he belongs also to the Washington State and National Dental Societies.

Dr. Simpson resides at No. 30.5 Ingleside apartments. He was married in Des jMoines. August 5, 1908, to INJiss Oudra Jones, a native of Iowa and a daughter of Harry Jones, who is in mercantile business in Iowa. Fraternally Dr. Simpson is con- nected with the Odd Fellows lodge of this city. He also belongs to the Commercial Clul) and is a member of the Baptist church. He believes most thoroughly in the future of the west and has no desire to make his residence anywhere than in Tacoma, and his fellow citizens welcome him here as an able dentist and as a man whose friendship they value.

P. OSCAR STORLIE.

P. Oscar Storlie, who is engaged in the undertaking business in Tacoma and is also active in real estate circles, has proved very capable in the management of his affairs. He was born in Fill- more county, INIinnesota, on the 24th of April. 1883, a son of Levi and Mary Storlie. After attending the district schools in the neighborhood of his home he became a student in the high school at Lanesboro, JNIinnesota, remaining there until he was seventeen years of age. He then matriculated in the JNIinnesota State Agricultural College, from which he was graduated in 1903.

Subsequently Mr. Storlie went to Austin, ^Minnesota, where he had charge of a dairy ranch until 1906, when he came to Tacoma and engaged in building and contracting until 1910. In that year he became the owner of an undertaking business at No. ."5034 South Union street, which he has since successfully con- ducted. He has modern, up-to-date equipment and is always seeking to better his service in some way. He has the distinction of being the onlv undertaker in America who has built his own automobile hearse. In addition to managing the undertaking- business, he deals in real estate to some extent and derives a sub- stantial addition to his income from his activities in that field.

Mr. Storlie supports the republican party at the polls but has never been an aspirant for office. He is well known in fraternal organizations, belonging to the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows; the Knights of Pvthias; the Modern Woodmen; the

lIISTom OF TACO.MA ''^^

IIoiiK'steadiTs; the ^'^•(lrln■ll. dl' wliicli he is a past r<)i'iiiian ; lln- Scaiidiiiav iaii lirollurliodd : and the Sons (d \()r\\ay. In his reli<ii()U.s faith he is ;i I .ntheian. He speaks the Seandiiiav ian laii^iia<ies fluently and tliis aeeoniplisiiiiK nl has dllt ii hcen (jf \ ahie to him in liis hnsiness deahii'^s a.s well as heinj^' a soiiree of pleasure otherwise. He keeps in eh)se tou^h with the advaiiee- nieiit of his eity ah)n<>' various lines, and his pul)lie spirit an<l other adniii'ai)le <|ualities have gaitied foi' him the waiin lei^ard of those who ha\c heen eloselv assoeiated with him.

(). H. HKlHiST.

Although a youn^- man, O. 15. Heihst is oik- of the sueeessful merchants of Taconia and the clothitif>; store whieh he owils and manages is accorded a laroe and represent at i\c patronai^e. A native of Chicago, he was born on the Ifith of .lunt. 188;j, of the iiiarriage of liernard and So])hia Herhst. also natixes of that city. The fatiier was formerly ennaged in the manufacture of clothing and is now eonneetcd with Charles 1). .laff'ee & Com- ])aiiy. wliicli is one of the inqjortant concerns in that field. He has reaclud the age of sixty-two years and is li\ ing in Xe\\' ^'ork. His wife is fifty-eight years old.

(). B. Ilerhst received his education in the pulilic- schools of Chicago and on putting aside his textbooks became connected with Marshall Kield's wholesale house. Later he aecompaiu'ed his father on the I'oad, packing and uii])acking the hitter's trunks. In this way he gaint'd mucir \aluahle information concerning the clothing traiic and aU<i concerning tin- ai't of salesmanship. and at length he secured a line foi- lilmsc If. He traveled on the road for four years, after which he entered the em|)loy of the Hackett Carhart Comp.-uiy, retail clothiers of \ew York eity. He began as stock hoy lint was rapidly j)romoted, as he displayed ability and took a keen interest in the l)usiness. and when he severed his connection with that store in !!•()!) he was assistant manager. He returned to the road, but alter making one trij) to the coast decided to enter business for himself. He desired to learn moi'c of retail milhods. ho\\(\(i\ and worked for a short time in several Seattle stores, thus gaining the desired experience. Subse(|uently he went to Portland, where he was employed in a store for a short time. He was then asked to take charge of a

600 HISTORY OF TACOMA

business at Goldeiidale, ^Vaslling•toll, and to resystematize it on an efficiency basis and he spent seven months in that connection. He then returned to Portland, where he was for two and a half years in the employ of Benjamin Selling, after which he came to Tacoma and established an up-to-date clothing store, wliich he has since successfully conducted. He carries Charles D. Jatfee & Company's line of goods, and his customers are most certain that clothing purchased from him will be correct in style, well made and of high quality.

Mr. Herbst endorses the principles of the rejjublican party and as a rule supports its candidates at the polls, but if he be- lieves that the public welfare can be best served by voting inde- l^endently he does not hesitate to do so. He belongs to Tacoma Lodge, Xo. 43.5, L. O. O. M., and is ])opuIar within and without that organization. The varied experience which he has had in merchandising and his thorough knowledge of the clothing trade are important factors in his success in business as is also his unswerving integrity.

AUGUST EINHAUS.

Although a comparatively new resident of Tacoma August Einhaus has become very closely identified with the business and political life of the city during the last six years. He came to Tacoma from Pennsylvania, in which state he had resided since early childhood, in September, 1910.

Mr. Einhaus is a native of Germany, having been born in Saxony, October 1, 1882. When he was eight years of age his family severed all the old ties and set sail for America. After arriving in the United States they settled at INIahanoy City, Pennsylvania. It was here that INIr. Einhaus began his English education. In 1897, when oidy fifteen, he was graduated from McCann's Business College, being the youngest member of the class and passing with the highest record. Immediately upon graduation he took up the practical work of accounting. He decided after a successful year of employment in his home town, to broaden his opportunities and with that end in view went direct to Philadelphia. Here he obtained an office position with A. H. Reid & Company, wholesale sjjice merchants, in whose employ he remained for two years.

IIISTOKV OF TACOMA 601

About tliis time the spirit of adventure became too stronj^' to be resisted aiui tlie youtli <i:ave way to the wanderUist urj^e and for tile next tluee years traveled botii in tbe I'nited States and foreign lands. Upon itturninL!, to lMula(lel|)hia at the end ol' this time he was enf'af'ed as cashier and itlhee manaf^er l)y ^llasovsky \: Warner, merchant tailors, wiiere he remained I'or four years. Durinj^ this time he was ([uite active in I'ythian lod^e affairs and became a past chancellor as well as a lieutenant in tlie Uniform l{anU of the order. He was also during- this time a noncommissioned otlieer in Company I) nt the Tliird Inf'antrv KeyiinPnt of the Pennsylvania Xalional (inani. ami attended with his eom|)aiiy at the army manenvfrs held at Tiiic C'aiii|) ill IIHIS. While a residi'iit of I'liiladelpliia lie iiiadr liir ae(|iiaiiitaiiee oi' (ieorge C Thomas of Drexel N: Company, and tliron^h him secured an introduction to Mr. Hichards, vice presi- dent and general manager of the Philadelphia lV: Heading Coal & Iron Com;)any and. succeeded in being appointed an auditor f(ir lliat ciinipany. with whom he remained but littlr iiKut than a year. During his connection witli the Pliiladclphia \: Iteading Coal & Ii'on Company he was gi\ en an oiiiicirtniiity to reconstruct and remodel the accounting system of thiir sup|)ly de])artments.

Mr. Kinliaiis. having decided to remoxc to the wtst to reside, found it necessary to resign from this position. After his ar- rival upon the Pacific coast he verv soon became coimected with the \'aughan \ .Morrill Company as cashii'r. Here he remained until the deatii <if Chas. W. Morrill in r.M t, when he, associated with otliir 'racfiiiia nun. organized the corporation which took over the business and operated the Colc-Mai'tin-Hcrg Coni])any. Mr. Einhans became secretary of the new com])any and was als.) a directoi-. Late in liH.) he severed his connection with this film and in tlic spring of liMCi became associated with the American W'ocxl Pipe Company of Tacoma. of which concern he is also a director.

During his residence in Tacoma Mr. J'>inlians has \kcu active in socialist political circles and was three times a candidate for office iiiidrr the aiisiiices of this party. In tin s|)ring of I'.M'J In was a candidate f'oi' city controller, receiving the largest vote ever cast for a socialist candidate in Tacoma. Again in the fall of the same year he received a large vote as a candidate for county auditor.

It was not until he was finallv settled in the west that Mr. Einhans seemed to liave turned his thoughts to love-making and

602 HISTORY OF TACOMA

home-making. He is now the head of a home wliich is in reality presided over hy two honny baby girls. On January 14<, 1912, he was married to JNIiss Evelyn McIMillan, who for a number of years was a teacher in the Taeoma schools.

INDEX

HISTORICAL

Acoustics of Stadium, 248 Aid to the Belgians, 283 Alaska boats come, 243 Albertsoii, Edward, disappears, 116

captured in Oregon, 117 Andelana, The, capsizes, 205

wreckers fail to raise vessel, 205-207 Antitrcatiug ordinance, 259

A. V. A., activity of, 180 Appendix. 287-303 Apples, first sent out of state, 40 Architects, organization of, 34 Armory Building, 59, 233 Arrival of the "jitney," 252 Art league formed, 234 Art league's first officers, 234

later presidents, 234 recent exhibits, 234 Ashttm, .lames M., givi58 right of way, 283

Bank failures, 111, 114, 144, 147 Baseball, 5

Bennett fights water and light company, 122-124

retires from the Ledger, 165 Bethany church, 215 Body of man in tree, 246 Boggs, George, arrested, 142, 145 Bogle, James S., 105 Bond issue defeated, 240 "Boosters," The, organized, 223

work of, 224

B. P. O. E., organization of, 26 Brewer, Fred. C, 223 Bridge dedicated, 240 Bridge question. 131 Byllesby & Co.. 152, 153

Cnlesthenic performances. 248

Call, The, 67, 68

Calvary church. 215

Campbell, Louis I)., characteristics of, 203

di'fcated for third term as mayor, 202

disagrees with Reynolds, •202

elected mayor. 199-200

reelected. 200 Cantwell. "fJeneral .Iinnlxi." ir,i. ]rn. I.IH Car companies, fight of, 36

Carfare question, 173

Car line pays early, 240

Carnegie Library, 255

Carr, Howard, death of, 69

Census enumeration, 249

Central School building, 251

Chamber of Commerce, new building of, 167. 168, 170 organized, 167 trades sites with city, 168, 169

Charter amendments, 180

Charter commission organized, 24

Charter Kramers, 237

C. M. & St. P. R. R. buys terminal ground, 219, 220 first train reaches Taeoina, 222

Circulating library, 254

Citizens raise interest on bonds, 146, 147

City bonds sold, 169

City government improved, 150, 151

City Hall, need of discussed, 167 built, 168, 169. 170 sites traded with Chamber of Com- merce. 168, 169

City odicials in court, 142, 143, 147

City ollieials take gas plant. 137

City restrained, 138

Civil service amendment, workings of, 181, 182

Clallam wrecked, 213-215

Clover Creek water again used, 144

"Comics" appear for first time, 166

Commencement Bay, depth of. 209

Commercial club organized, 278, 279

Commercial Electric Light and Power Company, 139

Conehilla. Salvatore. murder of, 71

Controversy over name of mountain. 04- 100

Cohoon. .Tolin, abducted, 116

Commission form of government, 237

Council, city. 237

( (.untry Club, The, 178

Coxey's army. 154-158

Ciidihee-Kenna tragedy, 73

Ciishman, F. \V., death of, 235 (dected to congress, 187 will of, 235

cm

604

INDEX

Daily News, changes in editors, 164 clianges in ownership of, 163 mechanical equipment of, 164

D. A. R., Mary Ball chapter, 192 Virginia Dare chapter, 192

Dedication of Armory. 23o

De Koven Hall, opening of, 91

Demand for new city hall. I'M

Dock committee, 238

Doodlebugism, 237

Dramatic Club. The, 189. 190

Drill Hall, Armory, 233

Edison waterworks, 172

Eells, Eev. Gushing, organizes Sunday

school, 106 Election of 1894. 173: of 1896. 180; of

1897, 184; of 1898, 199; of 1900,

199; of 1902. 200; of 1904, 202;

of 1906. 224, 225: of 1908. 225, 226 Eleventh street bridge, 128, 239 Emory. Judge, is shot. 227, 228 Exposition building burns, 185, 186

Falls 800 feet, 242

Farrell, J. D.. representative of X. P.,

216. 217 Fawcett, A. V., and Fern Hill carefare ease, 150 appoints friends. 181, 182 characteristics of. 150 cuts Commercial Company's wires,

149 defeated for mayor, 199. 200 elected mayor, 238 gives Christmas dinner. 107 recalled, 259 reelected. 262 Ferguson, B. W., killed, 242 Fern Hill carfare case, 149. 150 Ferry. C. P., 32

Ferry iluseum. in new city hall, 170 Fife, W. H., Lieut. Col. courtmartialed,

197, 198 Financial conditions of city. 144-147 Fire Department Pension Fund and Relief

Association. 121 Firemen demand back wages, 146 First car built in Edison shops, 78 First election under new charter, 238 First grand jury since statehood. 109 First Norwegian Lutheran church, dedica- tion of, 50 First officers of Art League. 234 First transcontinental train over G. N.

E. R.. 107 Flett, John B., 56

Floods, 66

Foster, Addison G., elected to United States senate, 188

Fountain in Firemen's park, 238

Fraternal Orders, B. P. O. E., 26

Masonic Temple cornerstone laid, 212 Pytliian Temple cornerstone laid, 224

Free Jlethodi-sts. build new church, 17

I'reight rates, dispute over. 63

Fuller, Fay E., ascends Mount Tacoma. 34

Garretson. Woodrull'. Pratt & Co., failure

of, 26 Gas Company, 152, 153 (iault. Prof. F. B.. 189 Gault, F. C, 54 Geiger, W. F., and Lincoln Park high

school, 252 Glenogle collides with City of Kingston,

207, 208 Golf, first played in Tacoma, 178 Government by commission, 237 Grattan fights Wriglit interests, 132 Great Northern runs train into Tacoma,

221 Green River source of water supply, 269 Grocers' Association organized, 34 Gross, Abe, funeral of, 172 Gross Brothers Building, opening of, 6 Guide book to the mountain, 97 Gnlch filled in. 247

Harrison. Benjamin, visits Tacoma, 51 Hayden. Maj. O. B., receiver of th«

Ledger, 165 Hazard divorce suit. 172 Herin'g, Rudolph, on water and sewer.

128 Hickman, Dr. J. W.. disappears, 190 High school crowded, 245 Hosmer's, Theodore, death, 233 Hunt. Charlotte, 242 Hunt, Herbert, becomes editor of the

News, 165 Hurley, Charles B.. 151. 152 Hylebos, Father, aids Picani, 72

'"I'll let you know in an hoiu'," 245 Immanuel Presb^■terian cluirch. 215 Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, 26 IngersoU, A. M., 234 Interstate Fair, 173 Investigation of City Hall. 89-91

"•Tack," Tacoma Hotel bear, killed, 74 Japanese steamship lines, 275 Johnson, Albert Sidney, 164. 165

INDEX

605

Kaiser, John B., 257 Kuiidle, George it., elected mayor, 40 Kollv, 1-arry, capture of, 53 Kloiidykc, discovery of gold in, 185

Labor Day, first celebration of, 30

Labor troubles, 88

Ijidies Musical Club formed, 44

Lakeview rolling mill, 176

Lane, Franklin K., 47, 103

Ledger changes ownership, 165

Le.lger Lockout, 101-166

Lend-a-Hand Lea^e incorporated, 45

Library, growth of. 170

Linck, J. W., elected mayor, 225

Lincoln Park high school, SSI

Lost on Mount Tacoma, 241

Lumber Manufacturers Association, 65

McBride, J. C, candidate for governor, 216 McCain, F. U., and James, convicted of

forgery, 90 McCUire, Prof. S. E., loses life on Mount

Tacoma, 184 MeCormick, R. L., a candidate for mayor,

225 Mahncke and Worden save building. 113 Martin, T. H., originates race-to-thc-

mountain film. 284 Masonic Temple cornerstone laid, 212 Mason Mummy, The. 50 Maulsby, David A., 101 Mazamas ascend Jlount Tacoma, 184 Mead. Albert E., nominated for governor,

216 record in office, 218 .Merchants' Xational Bank, failure of. 111 -Michod. John, hanged. 203 '■-Million ilollar suit." 145 decision reversed, 148 again reversed, 148 peace proposal, 151 Monument to mark last camping place of

Xaches Pass party, 250 Morning Union, The, 162 >[os<|uito fleet dock. 238 Municipal ownership, 240 Murder of Mrs. .lohn Ambler, 203 Mysterious fire, A, 244

"Xcllie." 164

Xew Municipal dock, 239

Newspapers, Daily Xews, 163

Ledger, 161, 162. 165

money lost in, 164

Morning I'nion. 162 Xisf|u:illy City enterprise. 37 Nisqually site condemned. 266 Xorthern Pacific docks, 276 Vol. n— 38

X. 1". failure hits new hotel, 244 Northern I'aciliu Hospital. 121 Xyc, Bill, lectures here, 37

■Old Woman's Gulch," 240

< Irdway, George F., injured, 242

Oregon- Washington Kiiilroad runs trains

into Tacoma. 221 Orpheus Club, 45 Orr-Fawcett contest, 180-184

Pncilic-.Maska Xavigation Company, 273

Pacilic avenue paved, 177

Pacific Lutheran University, 60

Pacific Mill burns, 186

Packs found at Crater's edge, 241

Panic of 1893, 110

Park works. 192

Patriotic Societies, D. A. R., 192

Paying an election bet, 70

Penroil. Henry, a one-armed printer, 163

People's church, dedication of, 16

i'hni N'ang. arrival of the, 86

I'icani, Salvador, convicted of murder, re- leased, 73

Piles driven eighty feet, 247

Playgrounds needed, 246

Point Defiance line completed, 12

Point Defiance I'ark, 21

Post. Linus E., disappears, 118

Postofiice enters first class, 32

Power plant, completion of, 267

Prairie wells, 265

Presbyterian churches, 215

Prohibition, results of, 270

Prosch, Thomas W., death of, 271

Puget Sound & Hawaiian Traffic Co., or- ganized, 92

Puget Sound Flouring Mill, first cargo to leave, 24

Purdy. Charles H.. 272

Pure food (|ueHtion, 85

Pythian Temple, cornerstone laid, 224

Radebaugh, R. F., present activities of,

164 Railroad improvements from 1906 to 1914,

221

Rainier Xationnl Park Company, 103 Real Estate prices soar, 222 Real Estate transfers, 38 Reid, George T., 64 "Residuary" case compromised. 148 Reynolds. W. P., compids street car com- pany to bear half of bridge expense, 201

resigns, 202

secures cheap power for city, 200 Rice, Stuart, elected mayor, 18

606

INDEX

Rioksecker, Eugene, builder of highway,

103 KuiMligor, Capt. Rit'liaril, later career of,

163 Rogers, Dewey, killed in Boxer rebellion,

190 Roosevelt, President, lays cornerstone ol

Masonic Temple, 213 Rose Carnivals held, 191 Ross, Frank C, plans to build railroad

across Indian reservation, 88 Rotary Club, 235 Roys, L. W., recall of, 3G0 Rural Ueveloi)inent Association, 335 Rust, William R., 14

St. Paul & Tacoma Lumber Company fire,

173 St. Joseph's Hospital, 120 School development, 54 School districts consolidated. 32 Schools, 9

Schulze, Paul, suicide of, 174 Second Presbyterian church, 215 Seymour's administration, 261 Seymour, W. W.. 153 Shore slides into bay. 170 Snowden, Clinton A., editor-manager of

Ledger, 69, 161

Sprague, General, death of, 107 Spanaway Lake water inisafe, 126 Spanish-American War, days preceding, 194

fatalities. 198

Father •■Hylebos' advice to young Catholics, 195

Fife, Lieut. Col., courtmartialed, 197

personnel of Company C, 196

recruiting, 194, 197

troops in action, 198

troops return, 198

troops sail, 195 Springs found, 247 Stadium completed, 243 Stadium fund subscribers, 347 Stadium occupies four acres, 248 Stallcup, .Judge, on city'.s financial policy.

143 Stampller, Jules, 100

State capital almost removed to Tacoma, 217

Steamer Alice Blanchard, launching of, 39

Steamer Flyer, 376

Stone-Webster Corporation, 103, 203

Storm in 1894. 159. 160

Street car accident, a terrible, 209-311

Street improvements, 42

Strike of Northern Pacific trainmen, 158

"Stuart Rice's Highline," 178

Sun, editors cited for contempt, 148

Tabernacle, building of, 77 Tacoma Art League, 334 Tacoma as a port, 373 Tacoma Bicycle Club, 177 "Tacoma Book," The, 283 lacoma Commercial Club organized, 59 Tacoma Gas and Electric Companj' or- ganized, 140 Tacoma General Hospital, 120 Tacoma Lawn Tennis Association or- ganized, 6 Tacoma Outdoor Art and Park Associa- tion, 191 Tacoma Railway & Motor Company let

contracts, 13 Tacoma Railway & Power Company

formed, 203 Tacoma Smelting & Refining Company,

13 Tacoma Speedway, 253 Tacoma Trades council, opposes adoption

of charter, 40 Tacoma Woolen Mill, 87, 186 Tacoma's third big fire, 244 Taft, President, visits Tacoma, 263 Temple Beth Israel, 172 The Call, 67

"The Tacoma Book," 283 Tidefiats, survey of, 8 Tideland titles, attack on, 28 Titlow, A. R., 144, 146 Thompson, Chester, tried for murder, 227-

232 Thompson, Will H., attorney, 228

wonderful defense of his son, 228-232 Thorne, Cliester, made president of Bank

of Commerce, 114 Tourist Hotel burns, 186 "Trade at Home" campaign, 31 Tuberculosis Sanitarium, 121

Union Pacific buys land for terminal, 219 secures privileges from Northern Pacific, 220 United Presbyterian church, 105 United States District Court organized,

10 University Club. The. 330

Vice question. 201. 202 ^'isscher. Col. William L., 163

Wallace, H. C, 48 Warrant suits, 146-148 Washington Boys' and Girls' Agricultural and Industrial contest, 383

INDEX

607

Wasliin'itoii CoUegp closed, 91

Wasliinjitoii State Histoiirnl Society, or- ^nni/ation of, 01

"Watcli Tacoma Grow" slogan, 324

Water election, 135

Water grade line l)uilt by Northern Pa- cific, 321

Western travel in tlie 'SOs, 243

Western Washington Exposition Company opens, 118

Whistling well. The, 104

Whitworth Academy becomes Whitworth College, 189

Wiikersliani, city attorney, 144-150 Winterninte, Dr. .1. S., 179 Wire-cutting case, 149 Women's clubs, 79-85 Wrecking hotel ruins, 245 Wright, C. B., death of, 151

gives indemnity bond, 136 Wright, (ieorge P.. elected mayor, 202

defeated for third term, 235

reelected, 225

record of, 225

V. .M. C. A., facts about, 236

BIOGRAPHICAL

Adams, Hugh o.'.j

Addison, J. R 552

Allstrnm, Esther 502

Andrews, W. F 444

Bachrach, Joseph 500

Bean, Mary F :i-' 1

Bell, A. J 422

Berg, C 537

Bliss, R. L 451

Bonnell, J. E 569

Hoyle, H. C » 322

Hui'hanan. .Tames 333

Biircn, M. .1 532

liurrill, W. V 413

Byrd, ii. W .'.HI

Case, C. K 581

Claiissen, T. B 479

Cowles. H. 0 429

CYosby, 15. M 514

Davis, W. L 314

Dickson, G. L 329

Dover, Elmer 436

Kinhans, August OOo

Evans, D. M 300

Fa wcett, A. V 334

Feist, Theophil 412

Freeman. K. F 332

Fry, A. W 435

Gifford, C. T 500

Goldsmith. A. E 490

Gordon, XI. J 586

l.uic. 11. 11 428

Griggs, H. S 585

Griiiiiell, C. ir 406

Hagberg, Andrew 537

llagberg, C. E 534

Harmon, F. S 482

Harris, W. H 374

Hays, J. A 343

Hellar. W. G 433

Hen.llcy. H. B 344

Herb.st, O. B 599

Hewitt, H. B 386

liickcy, J. F 446

Hicker. W. H 449

1 1 irk-. A. i; 572

li(.,vt. K. 11 460

Hunt. Herbert 430

Ihuley, C. 1! 312

Huston, 'Iliad 465

lluth. .Anton 501

Hyde. .1. H ; 379

.Jackson, A. L 562

Jacob, Meyer 382

Jacobs. B. F 523

Kelly. Elliott 540

Ki-Iloyg, F. L 594

KlilMJt, C. .1. KM

Ijicey. Michael 492

I,a Monte, H. B 515

l.inilcy. It. E 478

Little, T. W 364

Loomis, A. P 496

Lyie, J. T. S 508

608

INDEX

McCormick, E. A 554

MeCuIlough, Robert 474

McGregor, H. J 401

Meeker, Jerry 509

Meeker, J. V 489

Melliiiger, C. C. 5S0

Messinger, E. F 394

Metcalf, Ralph 324

Metzler, CM 359

Miller, C. C 410

Moffatt, W. D 590

Montague, E. A 584

Mountfort, R. M 495

Muelik'nbnu-li, C. T 452

Murpliy, J. C 480

Murray, C. A 566

ilurray, E. K 371

Naubert, C. A. E 396

Xeal. J. M 550

Oakley, F. D 389

Paskill, L. E 551

Paulson, C. L 529

Paulson, P. C 528

Phelps. H. E 520

Pratt, C. A 416

Prichard. A. G 376

Quevli, Cliristen 564

Raleigh, W. C 373

Rawlings, J. W 443

Reynolds, W. P 510

Rich, E. A 458

Richards, J. F ^63

Rickseeker, Eugene 505

Ross, F. C 307

Ross, Marcellus 354

Ross, William 352

Rounds. G. W 350

Rynning. J. L 570

Scott. W. K 400

Shaw, B. W 499

Simpson, S. W 597

Smeall, J. S 595

Smith, W. A 576

Snoke, J. W 464

Southworth, F. W 542

Stayton, L. Y 424

Stilson, W. F 574

Stocking, C. S 319

Stocking, F. L 443

Storlie, P. 0 599

Swan, D. A 414

Swearingen. P. B 468

Van Buren, M. F. 556

\'an Horst, Paul 488

Wagner, G. C 579

Walker, Robert 472

Wallace, L. G 538

Warburton, Stanton 438

Watson, A. E 366

Wheeler, E. C , 455

\\liitacre, H. J 341

Whitman, W. A 457

Whitney, 0. C 389

Wilkinson, Samuel 583

Willard. H. G 575

Wing. W. W 330

Wintermote. E. V 320

Woods, Owen 530

Wright, G. P 516

Wynn, W. H 544

Young, C. A 36'

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