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CAC DOCUMENT NO. 198

TECHNIQUES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF

TOTAL ENERGY AND LABOR

OF INDUSTRIAL PLANTS

*y

Richard E. Klein Hasan Sehitoglu Bruce M. Hannon

May 1976

°f the

it UrbaM.Ctam, ^

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2012 with funding from

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

http://archive.org/details/techniquesforana198klei

CAC DOCUMENT No. 198

TECHNIQUES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF TOTAL ENERGY AND LABOR OF INDUSTRIAL PLANTS

by

Richard E. Klein Hasan Sehitoglu Bruce M. Hannon

Center for Advanced Computation University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois 6l801

May 1976

This work was conducted under support from the National Science Foundation

Grant No. NSF SIA 72-03530

ABSTRACT

A method is developed for determination of the total energy (direct plus indirect) and the lahor requirements to produce a unit of output from an industrial plant or facility. The total energy and labor requirements are determined by accounting for all energy and labor as the product or raw materials flow from the mine or other natural resource through all production and manufactures to a given production status. In this way, each manufacturing step is accounted for in its contribution to the total energy to produce a unit of product. The work requires an examination and evaluation of the input-output structure of the plant or facility in question, usually from the viewpoint of cost accounting data sources. To illustrate the method, several specific plants are studied.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Introduction 1

Previous Studies 3

Theory 5

Description of General Procedure ' 8

Applications and Conclusions 10

References 2\

Appendix A:

Calculations for a Sample Plant 37

Appendix B:

A Sample Program \2

Figure LIST OF FIGURES Page

1. Sector 3702 = Iron, Steel Foundries, 1967 National Average

Energy Flow 11

2. Energy and Labor Analysis of an Iron Foundry 12

3. Input Purchases of the Iron Foundry 13

h. Energy and Labor Analysis of an Iron Foundry ll+

5. Input Purchases of the Iron Foundry 15

6. Sector 2902 = Cleaning Preparations, 1967 National Average

Energy Flow 17

7. Energy and Labor Analysis of a Soap Plant 18

8. Input Purchases of the Soap Plant 19

9. Sector 3000 = Paint Products, 1967 National Average Energy Flow. . 20

10. Energy and Labor Analysis of a Paint Plant 21

11. Input Purchases of the Paint Plant 22

LIST OF TABLES Table Page

1. 367-Level Sector Names - Industry Classification of the

1963 Input-Output Tables 25

2. Sector Aggregation Scheme (368 to k2 sectors) 36

INTRODUCTION

A complete energy "balance of a plant or manufacturing facility in- volves both direct and indirect energy flovs. For years, the importance of indirect energy has been largely neglected or avoided and attention has been focused on only direct energy balances and thus the measures that have been taken to conserve energy involved largely direct energy concepts. This led, for example, to turning down thermostats, better insulating, closing doors, and similar measures. Previous research done at the Center for Advanced Computation (CAC), University of Illinois at Urban a- Champaign [1,2] indicates that the percentage of indirect energy in the total energy required to produce a product is often con- siderably greater than that of direct energy for many industry types . Again, for many industries the portion of indirect energy is comparable to or greater than direct energy. The consideration of conserving total energy, of course, adds a new dimension to energy conservation concepts for several reasons.

A total energy balance for a given plant stems from the idea of "energy intensity". Specifically, it is now known [1,2] that the majority of industrial commodities produced in the United States and similar economic societies require typically from 50% up to 90$ of the energy in the indirect form. Consequently, energy conservation efforts related to reducing indirect energy hold considerably greater potential for a larger net savings in energy per unit of final output made available to the public sector. A second and equally important reason to concen- trate on reducing total energy per unit of final output is that minimi- zation of direct energy by a single plant, for example, involved in only

-1-

one of the many steps required to produce a unit of final product does not necessarily lover the total energy to produce the unit of final output. In fact, the converse is often times true in that a direct energy minimi- zation at a given step of manufacture can result in an increase in the total energy content in the final output.

This point may "be illustrated by any of many examples , and all of them fall under the description of what is called exporting one's (direct) energy requirements. In the manufacture of automobiles, consider a manu- facture X who not only assembles the final components comprising the fin- ished automobile, hut also performs many preliminary manufacturing steps including the process of steel making. If one considers merely the energy intensity of X (direct energy) as the energy added during the final manufacturing step in X's factory per unit produced, then X can re- duce his direct energy requirements merely be electing to purchase steel rather than manufacture it. Thus, X has made himself look better instant- ly, on paper at least, because X requires now fewer energy units per unit of final output. Of course, the deeper conservation question is unre- solved but it suffices to state that X's decision, in the national in- terest with respect to conservation, should be predicated on the issue of minimizing the sum of energy inputs in the total of all manufacturing steps. This thus requires a method to evaluate total (direct plus indirect) energy required to produce a unit of final output. In the above we have defined indirect energy as the sum of all energy inputs due to prior manufactures, shippers, supplies and the like.

-2-

Previous Studies

The determination of total energy in producing a unit of final output has long been a topic of discussion, but its determination has been elusive. First attempts have amounted to tampering with and making ad hoc adjust- ments on available direct energy figures. Specifically, a direct energy study in a plant is achieved by metering or counting all forms of direct energy purchased such as electricity (KWH), propane (gallons), natural gas (therms or CCF's), fuel oil (gallons), and possibly steam (BTU's). In order to reduce these to a common unit, BTU's are usually selected. Unfortunately, the conversion factor selected for electricity is often at the discretion of the user. The plant manager prefers to use 3^1^ BTU/KWH from the heat equivalent in physics, however the concerned environmentalist wishes to use 10,000 or 11,000 BTU/KWH which is the usual amount of fossil fuel heat value required by a previous manufacturer, in this case the electrical power utility. Obviously, the net difference is substantial and the adjustment is made so as to make the direct energy seem more realistic. Actually, this is where the attempt to include indirect energy usually stops.

Now, if a concerned plant manager, of, say, a pencil factory, wished to actually perform a total (direct plus indirect) energy analysis on his manufacturing facility or plant, he might contemplate doing the following.

He would contact each previous supplier and determine the direct energy supplied per unit of say, wood, glue, pencil lead, paint, erasers, sheet metal. Now, each of these manufacturers would need to, in turn, calcu- late their direct energy and then, contact each of their previous suppliers.

-3-

The paint manufacturer would, for example, have to contact his suppliers of spirits, dyes, resins, and the like. This, of course, would be the case for the suppliers of glue, pencil lead, etc. It is not difficult to imagine that this procedure leads to a number of problems. In summary, the main difficulties are

1. The attempt to backtrack to each supplier and to their suppliers, ad nauseum leads one to an overwhelming book- keeping task with regard to the geometric progression of numbers until reaching the original mines, farms, and forests.

2. The geometric progression backward leads one outside of one's domain of authority in that many (or most) companies refuse to respond to inquiries regarding manufacturing process in- gredients, quantities, and other proprietary data.

3. The backward search, involves some inquiries, possibly, back

to the original pencil manufacturer in that his company supplied pencils to the paint manufacturer, the glue factory, and so forth. This phenomena constitutes implicit loops and thus it is diffi- cult to resolve which came first, the pencil or the paint.

The above cited difficulties obviate all direct energy backtracking, except in all but the simplist and vertically arranged industries. Other techniques for total energy based on physics and theoretical values have been considered, however, in order to become workable, signi- ficant inaccuracies occur because of the estimation procedures required.

-k-

In what follows, a summary of the theory behind energy intensity is given. A more extensive description of the basics of the theory, as well as its limitations and assumptions, can be found in a series of CAC reports [1], [2].

THEORY

By definition, the total output of an industry or a sector is the sum of its sales to other industries plus its sales for final consumption. Mathematically, this definition is described by the following equation.

N XJ = I, XJK + Yj (1>

IV— 1

where

X* = Total output of »th sector in dollars.

X* = Amount of product • sold to sector K in Jiv J

dollars .

Y* = Amount of product sold to final consumption in dollars.

N = Total number of sectors. In this study 367 sectors have been used which conforms to previous works in this area [3], [h]. By retaining the same line of reasoning, the total energy embodied in a sector's output is equal to the sum of all indirect energy embodied in its purchased inputs from other sectors plus energy extracted from

-5-

earth by that sector. Thus

5 N

5	5
	" ^ * **

z E_ £1P xiJ

where

P = Energy types (i.e. which are defined as coal, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas and electricity, respectively).

e.p = P type energy intensity of sector i

E* = P type energy extracted from earth by sector • .

Theoretically, e._ represents the P type of energy needed to pro- duce one unit of product i if all inputs were obtained domestically. Treatment of the role of the imports and exports in total energy analysis is straightforward and is presented in the previously cited references. It has been shown in previous works, however, that the energy impact of noncompetitive imports is negligible. Thus, only competitive im- ports need be considered in a total energy analysis.

The approach described so far has a direct relationship to -the well known input-output theory through the definition of a technologi- cal coefficient matrix A which, in this case, is equal to

X.T A.T = -l£ (k)

Throughout this study, the matrix A is assumed to be independent of time and scale which is a commonly used assumption of static input-output theory. The errors associated with the assumption of static coefficients

-6-

and methods to minimize them are discussed briefly later and are, in addition, the subject of continued investigation.

The energy dependence of a given sector on the rest of sectors of the economic unit can be best understood by defining a set of energy input coefficients, as below,

. . ePiXiJ (5)

PiJ ~ ePJXJ

where, G^, •, is defined to represent; the total amount of energy type P

rlu

required to produce one unit of product • , in that a percentage Gp • entered through *'s purchase of i .

Thus, with the introduction of the above definition, the equation (2) becomes

5 N 5 E •

1 l Gpij + l r^F = x (6)

p=i i=i PlJ p=i £pjxj

The theory that is explained above is applicable to any economic unit, e.g., the U.S. economy, a state economy, a group of industries pro- ducing a similar item, a corporation, a single plant, etc. The Energy Research Group at CAC has applied this theory to the U.S. economy by using the data base collected by the Department of Commerce. The results for the years 1963 and 19&7 are available in various CAC publications. The publication CAC Document 105, [3], for example, contains the detailed analyses of energy use in the 367 commercial and industrial sectors of the U.S. economy in 1963. Sectors are also ranked according to several energy use criteria like direct energy and energy intensity. Another related CAC publication is the document

-7-

lUO, [^]» which presents a more recent improved method of calculating energy intensity. Reference [k] contains recalculated 1963 values and 1967 values for the first time. Because the historical data for two times is now available, researchers have focused considerable attention on the time varying behavior of the linear model coefficients and on the task of extrapolating the energy trends into the future for a par- ticular sector.

DESCRIPTION OF GENERAL PROCEDURE

The input-output approach described above can be applied to a single plant's total energy and labor analysis. Due to the homogenity of the U.S. industrial society, it is reasonable to assume that a single plant's inputs, energy wise, are approximately the same as the national energy and labor coefficients. Specific figures are available for the years 1963 and 1967. Each coefficient in the University of Illinois model re- presents the inherent energy (and labor) required by each sector to bring its product to final demand. The energy coefficient matrix is a 357 x 357 matrix and its units are BTU/$ except for the five energy sectors which are dimensionless. Thus the data concerning the purchased inputs for a plant, except for its energy inputs, must be in terms of dollar figures. In order for a firm to obtain a total energy balance in a fixed time per- iod all input purchases made by the plant are to be classified in one of the economic sectors found in Table 1. If difficulty arises in assign- ing a particular purchase to a sector, one may refer to the Standard Industrial Classification manual [5] which gives a much more general description of where products are assigned. The numbering code in the SIC can then be converted to particular sectors by utilizing the extreme

-8-

right hand column of Table 1.

Because the energy coefficients are based on producers' price data, all purchases must be converted to the producers ' price and thus trade and transportation margins must be applied to the appropriate input sectors.

As mentioned above, the total energy coefficient matrix is avail- able for the year 1967 at the latest . Thus , dollar input purchases of the plant must be deflated to this base year. The best price deflators appear in the "Survey of Current Business", [6], This journal publishes the implicit price deflators for most of the sectors of U.S. economy in its July edition every year. The "Monthly Labor Review", [7], has also price deflators for a large number of sectors and they are presented under SIC format. Similarly, in the labor intensity analysis, the change in productivity between the year in question and the base year must be taken into account. Hence, direct and indirect labor inputs to the plant must be multiplied by the productivity index which can be found in the reference [7].

After preparing the data in the above manner what remains is to multiply the dollar figures of each input purchase by its corresponding energy and labor coefficient to get the energy and labor levels embedded in that particular purchase. In particular, application of the equation (6) yields the sectorwise percentage impact of the five energy sectors and labor on the plant's energy and labor flow.

-9-

APPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

The theory has "been applied to a number of selected industries. Three different selected industries are discussed below. In each case, as the analysis shows, the energy and labor content of the unit of output entered into plant mostly as indirect energy due to the purchase of supplies, materials and other inputs. Again, in each case, indirect energy and labor concentrated at certain of the sectors. This, of course, suggests that efforts to conserve energy most effectively should be directed at reducing these indirect inputs.

In the first case an iron foundry plant producing a variety of general purpose castings is investigated. In Fig. (l), 19&7 national average energy flow of the iron foundry sector is given. The national average figures should be compared to the actual plant figures which are shown in Fig. (2). As it can be seen, the energy inputs are larger at certain spots with similar percentages. Most of the zero values appearing in the energy flow of the actual plant are due to lack of data, but were assumed & priori to negligible. According to the analysis this particular plant is doing better energy wise than an average foundry because its primary energy intensity (BTU/1967 $) is less than the national average figure. In ad- dition to energy figures, Fig. (2) gives labor analysis of the same plant. It indicates, for example, that in the case of a wage increase in the primary metal sector, this particular plant will be faced with the prob- lem of increasing its dollar expenditure by a predictable amount for the associated input purchases. This, in turn, may force the plant manager to increase the price of the product manufactured by the plant under study.

-10--

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-12-

SECT. NO

SECTOR NAME:

PURCHASEC f )

700 CCAL MINING

3101 PETRO REP IN PROD

CeOl ELECTRIC UTIL

6802 GAS UTILITIES 900 STONE CLAY MIN

1414 FLOUR.CERE ALS

1419 SUGAR

2701 1NORG-ORG ChEM

2704 MISC CHEM PROD

2801 PLASTICS

3616 ABRASIVE PRODUCT

3619 TREATED MINERALS

3701 STEEL PROD

3704 PRIMARY MET PROD

3805 PRIM NONFLR MET

6803 WATER. SANIT SER

C.28535420E 13

0.42310740E 12

0.55699950E 12

0.84903400E 12

0.92286480E 06

0.10560000E 06

0.27840000E 04

0.20172000E 06

0.14820000E 06

0.99867180E 05

0.17748360E 07

G.23169590E 07

0.24968280E 08

0.30225050E 05

0.74640000E 05

0.52998230E 05

Fig. 3. INPUT PURCHASES OF THE IRON FOUNDRY

-13-

a

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SECT. NG	SECTOR NAME
700	COAL WINING
3101	PETRO PLFIN PROD
68 0 1	ELECTRIC UTIL
6802	GAS UTILITIES
500	STONE CLAY MIN
1414	FLOUR. CEREALS
1415	SUGAR
2701	INCFG-ORG CHEM
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2eoi	PLASTICS
3616	ABRASIVE PRODUCT
361 5	TREATED MINERALS
3701	STFEL PROD
3704	PRIMARY MET PROD
3805	PRIM NONFER MET
6e03	WATERiSANIT SLR

PURCHASE (J)

0.26535420E 13

0.42310740E 12

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0.17748360E 07

0.23169590E 07

0.24968280E 08

0.30225050E 05

0.74640000E 05

0.53014190E 05

Fig. 5. INPUT PURCHASES OF THE IRON FOUNDRY

-15-

Fig. (3) shows the annual sectorwise input purchases of this iron foundry in dollars. When this study was going on, the plant was planning to change one of the processes in the production line. Fig. (k) shows the energy map of the same plant if the planned process change is carried on. The analysis shows the plant will achieve a degree of energy savings in natu- ral gas sector. Thus this kind of total energy analysis gives an idea to the decision maker, such as the plant manager, to decide on the possible energy savings through certain process changes. Fig. (5) shows the pro- jected annual input purchases of the iron factory if the process change is implemented.

The second industry investigated in this study is a soap factory. The energy analysis of the factory yielded an energy map similar to the 1967 national average energy map of the cleaning preparations sector in which soap production falls. Fig. (6) and Fig. (7) show national average and actual plant energy flow, respectively. In Fig. (8) annual input purchases of the soap plant is given.

Finally, energy and labor analysis of a paint manufacturing plant is presented. A comparison between the national paint production energy flow shown in Fig. (9) and the actual plant energy flow shown in Fig. (10) results in the same conclusions as stated above. Fig. (ll) gives the dollar input purchases of the paint plant .

This study has shown that the input-output energy and labor analysis, as given above, closes the gap between decision makers and the problems associated with energy and labor flows in an economic unit. An industry can lessen its dependence, for example, on critically short energy types by making practical substitutions from high energy intensive materials

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T. NC	StCTCH NAME	FLRCEASE( I)
70C	CCAL MINING	C .505876406	OtJ
310 1	PETRO REE IN PROD	0.50731 140E	12
eeoi	ELECTRIC U T I L	0.90934340E	1 1
6802	GAS UTILI1 IES	0.121 OOofcOE	09
203	TCRACCO	0.344441 00E	06
140 1	MEAT RPCDUCTS	C .41 C22300E	06
142/	ANIMAL EATS	C.40865740E	06
2407	CCNV PAt-ER PkUD	0 • 723421 40E	07
260 1	NE WSPAPERS	C.43837400E	C6
2602	PEW ICC I CALS	0 .41570600E	06
2603	BCOK PUBLISHING	0.454 6 1800E	06
2604	MISC PUBLISHING	C.47500100E	06
270 1	INCRG-CwG chem	0 .91444130E	C7
2704	MISC CHEM PROD	0 .24254300E	06
2801	PL AST I CS	0.45541 6C0E	06
2804	ORGAN IC EI dLRS	0.4000COOOE	C6
290 1	DPUGS	C.97e40400E	06
3000	PAINT PRODUCTS	0.13220000E	07
3203	MISC RUHEER PROD	0 .64521 500E	06
3402	FOOT WARE EXC R LO	0.419 6 18COt	06
3501	GLASS PKODLCTS	0 .2760 7600L	06
3502	GLASS CONTAINERS	0.284237COE	06
3702	IR.STL ELUNDRIES	0.423 14 100E	06
3901	METAL CANS	0.79241 500E	Of-
29 0 2	METAL UARRELS	0.5570C0C0E	06
4206	PIPE	0.434 19900E	06
641 2	MISC MEG	0 .362271 40E	07
650 1	RA ILROAC	0 .2531 1 700E	07
6503	MOTOR EGT ThtANS>	0.411 OOOOOE	0 6
6504	IaATER f RAN SPORT	0 .^44 16700E	06
€500	COMMUMCAT IONS	0.25540500E	06
690 1	WHCLSA1E TRAUL	0 .10000000E	07
7C01	PANK ING	C.362 166C0E	C6
7102	REAL ESTATt	0.222814C0E	06
7302	AOVRPTI SING	0. 13543000E	08
7701	DGC TORS .DEN f UTS	0.255416C0E	06

Fig. 8. INPUT PURCHASES OF THE SOAP PLANT

-19-

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-21-

SECT. NO	SFCTOR NAME	PURCHASE ( S)
700	COAL MINING	0 .355255 10E	12
3101	PETRC REF I N PROD	0 .255641 I0E	13
680 1	ELECTRIC UT IL	0.22726650E	12
206	GIL BEARING CHOP	0.171 12550E	07
500	IRON ORE MINING	C .915222C0L	06
602	NCNFERR MINING	0 • 18652320E	C7
QOO	STONE CLAY MIN	0 .24456310E	07
142C	CCNFECT IONERY	C.87666800E	06
1426	VEG OIL MILLS	0.20677400b	06
2407	CCNV PAPER PRJC	0.21256760E	07
2701	INCRG-URG CHEM	0. 147564C0E	06
2704	MISC ChLM FROO	0.24227000E	07
280 1	PLASTICS	0.10473770b	08
2902	CLEANING PREP	0 .71 21 1500E	06
3203	MI EC RUBLER PROD	0 .533 70000E	06
3204	MI SC PLAST ICS	0.456748U0F	06
361 6	ABRASIVE PRODUCT	0.48842100b	0 6
370 1	STEEL PROD	0 .60 700500E	06
3602	PRIMARY LL AD	0.676801 20b	07
3603	PRIMARY ^INC	0.11 463240E	07
3901 3902	ME TAL CANS	0 .381 10CC0E	07
METAL EARPELb	0. 207250 7 OE	07
4206	PIPF	0 . 13702040L	07
500C	MACH SHCP PROD	C .462203COF	06
641 2	MISC Ml- G	0.67S777tiOE	07
6501	RA IL RCAU	0 .31476000E	07
690 I	VkHOLSALE TRADE	0 • 157790C0L	07
7C01	BANK I NG	0.52000500E	06
7102	t-LAL LTTATl	0 .57862200E	0 6
7302	ADVtRTI SING	0. 13220040b	07

Fig. 11. INPUT PURCHASES OF THE PAINT PLANT

-22-

and services purchased "by the plant to low energy intensive ones. Hence, the industry will ideally be able to reduce the energy intensity of its outputs in spite of fluctuations and other changes in the energy supply situation.

Appendix A contains a brief user's handbook which summarizes the steps involved in the method developed for analyzing total energy. Appendix B consists of a sample listing of the Fortran program used in the total energy analysis.

-23-

REFERENCES

1. C. W. Billiard and R. A. Herendeen, 'Energy impact of consumption decisions'. Document No: 135, Center for Advanced Computation, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 6l801

2. Herendeen, R. A., "An energy input-output matrix for the United States 1963 User's Guide'. Document No. 69, Center for Advanced Computation, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 618OI.

3. Bullard, C. W. and Herendeen, R. A., "Energy use in the commercial and industrial sectors of the U.S. economy 1963'. Document 105, Center for Advanced Computation, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 6l801.

k. Herendeen, R. A. and Bullard, C. W., 'Energy cost of goods and services, 1963 and 1967'. Document 1^0, Center for Advanced Computation, Univer- sity of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 6l801.

5. Standart Industrial Classification Manual, Bureau of the Budget, Executive Office of the President, 1957-

6. Survey of Current Business.

7. Monthly Labor Review.

-2U-

TABLE 1. 367-LEVEL SECTOR NAMES

Industry Classification of the 1963 Input-Output Tables

The underlined titles represent the groupings of industries used for the summary version of the 1963 tables and were also used in the 1958 and 1961 input-output tables prepared by the Office of Business Economics.

Industry number and title

Related SIC code: (1957 edition)

vACRICULTURAL, FORESTRY & FISHERIES

1 Livestock h. livestock products

J..01 Dairy farm products 0132, pt. Oik, pt. 02

1.02 Poultry & e.7gs - .- 0133, pt. Oik, pt. 02

1.03 Meat, animals L miscellaneous livestock products 0139, pt. Oik, 0193, pt.

■0729, pt. 02

2 Other agricultural products

2.01 Cotton 0112, pt. Oik, pt. 02

2.02 Food feed grains &. grass seeds 0113, pt. Oil'), pt. Oik,

pt. 02

2.03 Tobacco pt. 0119, pt. Oik, pt. 02

2.0k Fruits & tree nuts 0122, pt. Oik, pt. 02

2.05 Vegetables, sugar & miscellaneous crops 0123, pt. 0119, pt. Oik,

pt. 02

2.06 Oil bearing crops pt. 0119, pt. Oik, pt. 02

2.07 Forest, greenhouse & nursery products— — — -— 0192, pt. 01k, pt. 02

3 Forestry & fishery products

3.00 Forestry & fishery products 07k, 08l, 082, 05k, 036, 091

k Agricultural, forestry & fishery services

i».00 Agricultural, forestry & fishery services 071, 0723, 073, nt. 0729.

MINING

5 Iron L ferroalloy ores mining

5*00 Iron & ferroalloy ores mining — — 1011, 106

6 Nonferrous nvstal ores rinirjr

6.01 Copper ore mining — 102

6.02 Nonferrous metal ores mining, except copper — 103, 10k, 105, 108, 109

7 Coal mining

7.00 Coal mining H, 12

8 Crude petrolem & natural gas

8.00 Crude petroleum & natural gas 1311, 1321

P Stone & clay reining & quarrying 9.00 Stone & clay mining & quarrying lkl, lk2, lkk, lk-5, lkS, lk9

10 Chemicals & fertiliser mineral mining 20.00 Chemical & fertiliser mineral mining ' lk7

-25-

Industry number and title

Related SIC codes (1957 edition)

CONSTRUCTION

11 New construction

11.01 Hew construction, residential buildings (nonfarm) — pt. 15, pt. l6, pt. 17,

n.t. 6561

11.02 Hew construction, nonresidential buildings — , pt. 15, pt. 17

11.03 Nov construction, public utilities--—— — - — — — — ' pt. 15, pt. l6, pt. 17

11.04 New construction, h.'glivays pt. 16, pt. 17

11.05 New construction, ail other pt. 15, pt. l6, pt. 17, 138

1!? Maintenance &• re-pair construction

12.01 Maintenance &, repair construction, residential

buildings (nonfarm) — -— pt. 15, pt. 17

12.02 Maintenance & repair construction, all other pt. 15, pt. 16, pt. 17

MANUFACTURING

13.01 13.02 13.03 13-04 13.05 13.06

13.07

1U.01

14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 14.11 14.12 14.13 14. 14 14.15 14.16 14.17 14.18 14.19 14.20 14.21

14.22 14.23 14.24 14.25 14.26 14.27 14.23 14.29 14.30 14.31 14.32

13 Ordnance & accessories

Complete guided missiles ■ — 1925

Ammunition, except for snail ams, n.e.c. — - 1929

Tanks & tank components — 1931

Sighting & fire control equipment — 194l

Small arms — 1951

Small arms ammunition •■ — — - 1961

Other ordnance & accessories- — — — — 1911, 1999

14 Food & kindred products

Meat products — — -— — - 201

Creamery butter — 2021 "

Cheese, natural & processed — — 2022

Condensed & evaporated milk 2023

Ice cream & frozen desserts-*- — 2024

Fluid milk — 2026

Canned & cured sea foods — 2031

Canned specialties 2032

Canned fruits & vegetables 2033

Dehydrated food products 2034

Pickles, sauces & salad dressings 2035

Fresh or frozen packaged fish — 2036

Frozen fruits & vegetables 2037

Flour & cereal preparations 2041, 2043, 2045

Prepared feeds for animals & fowls 2042

Rice milling 2044

Wet corn milling 2046

Bakery products 205

Sugar 206

Coiifectionery & related products 207

Alcoholic beverages ■ 2082-5

Bottled & canned soft drinks 2086

Flavoring extracts & 6irups, n.e.c. 2087

Cottonseed oil mills - - 2091

Soybean oil mills 2092

Vegetable oil mills, n.e.c. 2093

Animal & marine fats & oils 2094

Roasted coffee 2095

Shortening & cooking oils 2096

Manufactured ice 2097

Macaroni Sc spaghetti 2098

Food preparations, n.e.c. 2099

-26-

Industry number and title

Related SIC codes (1957 edition)

15 Tobacco rranufactures

15.01 Cigarettes, cigars, etc. 2111, "2121, 2131

15.02 . Tobacco stemming & redrying «■ 2l4l

16 Broad & narrow fabrics, yarn & thread mills

16.01 Broadwoven fabric mills & faerie finishing plants— 2211, 2221, 2231, 226l, 2262

16.02 Narrow fabric mills 2241

16.03 Yam nill3 & finishing of textiles, n.e.c 2269, 2281-3

16.04 Thread mills - 226%

17 Miscellaneous textile goods & floor covering's

17.01 Floor coverings — 227

17.02 Felt goods, n.e.c. 2291

17.03 Lace goods 2292

17.04 Paddings & upholstery fillings 2293

17.05 Processed textile vaste ; 2294

17.06 Coated fabrics, not rubberized 2295

17.07 Tire cord L fabric 2296

17.08 Scouring & combing plants 2297

17.09 Cordage & twine 2298

17.10 Textile goods, n.e.c. — 2299

18 Apparel

18.01 Hosiery - 2251, 2252

18.02 • Knit apparel mills — 2253, 2254, 2259

18.03 Knit fabric mills - 2256

18.04 Apparel made from purchased materials 23 (exc. 239), 3992

19 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products

19.01 Curtains & draperies 2391

19.02 Hcusefurnishings, n.e.c. 2392

19*03 Fabricated textile products, n.e.c 2393-9

20 Lumber & wood -products, except containers

20.01 Logging camps & logging contractors 2411

20.02 Sawmills & planing mills, general 2421

20.03 Hardwood dimension & flooring- 2426

20.04 Special product sawmills, n.e.c. 2429

20.05 Mlllwork 2431

20.06 Veneer & plywood 2432

20.07 Prefabricated wood structures 2433

20.08 Wood preserving 2491

20.09 Wood products, n.e.c. 2499

21 Wooden containers

21.00 Wooden containers 244

22 Household furniture

22.01 Wood household furniture 2511, 2519

22.02 Upholstered household furniture 2512

22.03 Metal household furniture 2514

22.04 Mattresses & bedsprings . 2515

23' Other furniture & fixtures

23.01 Wood office furniture 2521

23.02 Metal office furniture 2522

23.03 Public building furniture 2531

23.04 Wood partitions & fixtures 254l

23.05 Metal partitions & fixtures 2542

23.06 Venetian blinds & shades 2591

23.07 Furniture & fixtures, n.e.c. 2599

-27-

Industry number and title

Related SIC codes (1957 edition)

2U.01 2U.02 2h.03 2U.0U 2U.05 2k.06 2k.0J

25.00

26.01 26.02 26.03 ?6.0k 26.05 26.06 26.07 26.08

2h peper & allied products except containers ft bcxes

Pulp nulls

Paper mills, except building paper

Paperbcard millr.

Envelopes

Sanitary puper products

Wallpaper & building paper ?< board mills

Converted paver, products n.e.c. except containers & boxes

25 Paperboard containers fc boxes

Paperboard containers & 'boxes

26 Printing & publishing

Newspapers

Periodicals

Book printing 2; publishing

Miscellaneous publishing

Cornoercial printing . -

Manifold business forms, blankbooks & binders-

Greeting card publishing

Miscellaneous printing services

2611 •

2621

2631

26U2

261*7

2Ckh, 2661

261*1, 26»*3, 26U5, 261*6, 261*9

265

2711

2721

273

271*1

2751, 2752

2761, 2782

2771

2753, 2789, 279

27-01 27.02 27-03 27.01*

28.01 28.02 28.03

28. 01*

27 Chemicals & .selected chemical products

Industrial inorganic & organic chemicals- Fertilizers

Agricultural chemicals, n.e.c.

. Miscellaneous chemical rroducts

28 Plastics 3: synthetic materials Plastics materials & resins —

Synthetic rubber

Cellulosic man-nade fibers

Organic fibers, noncellulosic-

28l except 28195 2871, 2872 2879 2861, 289

2821 2822 2823 2821*

29 Drugs, cleaning T< toilet preparations

29.01 Drugs

29.02 Cleaning preparations

29.03 Toilet preparations

283

281* except 281*1*

23kh

3O.OO

30 Paints & allied products

Paints & allied Droducts-

2851

31.01 31.02 31.03

32.01 32.02 32.03

32.01*

33.00

31 Petroleum refining & related industries Petroleum refining cc related prcJJucts-

Paving mixtures 5c blocks

Asphalt felts & coatings

32 Rubber & ;nisce]laneov.s "plastics products

Tires it iru>er tuees

Rubber footwear

Reclaimed rubber & miscellaneous rubber products,

n.e.c. '■■

Miscellaneous plastics products

33 Leather tapjiin.g & industrial leather products

Leather taiuiing & industrial leather products-

-28-

2911, 2951 2952	299
3011 3021
3031, 3079	3069
3111,	3121

Industry number and title

Related T.IC codes (1957 edition)

3^ Foot/year L other leather products

34.01 Footwear cut stock 313I

3'*«02 Footwear except rubber 31^

34.03 Other leather products 3151, 3l6l, 317, 3199

35 Glass & glass -product: 3

35.01 Glass it glass products except containers 3211, 3229, 3231

35.02 Class containers 3221.

36 Stone & clay products

36.01 Cement, hydraulic 321*1

36.02 Brick St structural clay tile 3251

36.03 Ceramic wall & floor tile 3253

36.0^ Clay refractories 3255

36.05 Structural clay products, n.e.c 3259

36.06 Vitreous pitching fixtures — — 326l

36.07 Food utensils, pottery 32o2, 3263

36.08 Porcelain electrical supplies-- 3264

36.09 Pottery products, n.e.c. 3269

36.10 Concrete block u, brick 3271

36.11 Concrete products, n.e.c. . 3272

36.12 Heady-mixed concrete 3273

36.13 Line - — — 327U

36.14 Gypsum products 3275

36.15 Cut stone & stone products 3281

36.16 Abrasive products 3291

36.17 Asbestos products 3292

36.18 Gaskets & insulations 3293

36.19 Minerals, ground or treated 3295

36-20 Mineral wool 3296

36.21 Nonclay refractories 3297

36.22 Nonmetallic mineral products, n.e.c. 3299

37 Primary iron & steel manufacturing

37.01 Blast furnace i bacic steel products 331

37.02 Iron & steel foundries 332

37.03 Iron St steel forgings 3391

37.04 Primary metal products n.e.c 3399

38 Primary nonferrous petals manufacturing

38.01 Primary copper 3331

38.02 Primary lead 3332

38.03 Primary zinc 3333

38.04 Primary alunir.ua> 333^, 28195

38.05 Primary nonferrous metals, n.e.c. 3339

38.00 Secondary nonferrous metals 334l

38.07 Coprer rolling a drawing 3351

38.08 Aluminum rolling St drawing 3352

38.09 Nonferrous rolling & drawing, n.e.c. 3356

38.10 ITcnfcrrous wire drawing & insulating 3357

33.11 Aluminum castings 336l

38.12 Bror.c, bronze & copper castings 3362

38.13 Nonferrous castings, n.e.c 336?

38. xk Nonferrous forging s 3392

39 Metal containers

39.01 Metal cans 31*11

39-02 Metal barrels, dnoas & pails 3I+9I

-29-

Industry number and title

Related SIC codes (1957 edition)

frO Heating, plumbing £ fabricated structural metal products

frO.Ol Metal sanitary vv.re 3^31

tO. 02 Plumbing fittings & brass goods 3^32

frO. 03 Heating equipment except electric — - — - — 3**33

frO.Ofr Fabricated structural steel 3Wtl

frO. 05 Metal doors, sash & trim 3frfr2

frO. 06 Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) — 3frfr-3

frO. 07 Sheet metal work 3frfrfr '

frO. 08 Architectural metal work 3^fr6

frO. 09 Miscellaneous metal work 3fri+9

frl Screw machine products, bolts, nuts, etc- & metal stampings

frl.01 Screw irachiue products & bolts, nuts, rivets !c

washers 3^5

frl.02 Metal stampings — — 3fr6l

1*2 Other fabricated metal -products

fr2.01 Cutlery 3fr21

fr2.02 Hand & edge tools including saws 3fr23, 3fr25

fr2.03 Hardware, n.e.c 3fr29

fr2.0fr Coating, engraving & allied services 3^71, 3^79

1*2.05 Miscellaneous fabricated wire products 3fr8l

1*2. 06 Safes & vaults 3^92

fr2.07 Steel springs-— - - 3^93

fr2.08 Pipe, valves & pipe fittings - 3U9U, 31*98

fr2.09 Collapsible tubes 3*96

fr2.10 Metal foil & leaf - - 3U97

fr2.11 Fabricated metal products, n.e.c 3^99

fr3 Engines & turbines

1*3.01 Steam engines & turbines 3511

'^■^•02 Internal combustion engines, n.e.c 3519

frfr Farm machinery

frfr.00 Farm machinery-- 3522

1*5 Construction, mining, oil field machinery, equipment

fr5-01 Construction machinery 3531

fr5.02 Mining machinery 3532

1*5.03 Oil field machinery 3533

1*6 Materials handling machinery & equipment

1*6.01 Elevators & moving stairways 353fr

1*6.02 Conveyors & conveying equipment 3535

1*6.03 Hoists, cranes L monorails 3536

fr6.0fr Industrial trucks & tractors 3537

1*7 Metalvarking machinery & equipment

1*7.01 Machine tools, metal cutting types 351*1

1*7-02 Machine toolj, metal forming types 35fr2

1*7.03 Special dies & tools & machine tool accessories 35frfr, 35fr5

l*7«0fr Metalworking machinery, n.e.c 35I18

fr8 Special industry machinery & equipment

fr8.01 Food products machinery 3551

1*8.02 Textile machinery 3552

1*8.03 Woodworking machinery ^553

1*8. Ofr Paper industries machinery 355fr

1*8.05 ■ Printing trades machinery 3555

fr8. 06 Special industry machinery, n.e.c 3559

-30-

Industry number and title

Belated SIC codes (1957 edition)

1*9 Gcperol Industrial necMnery h equipment

1*9.01 Punps ft canpressGi-s — — - 35"1

1*9.02 Bill L roller bearings 3^6P

1*9.03 Blowers & fans- — :- 3:6U

1j9-0U Industrial patterns — — , 3565

1*9.05 Power transmission equipment ———»——.— 3566

1*9. 06 Industrial furnaces & ovens 3567.

I19.O7 General industrial machinery, n.e.c 3569

50 Machine shop croquets

50.00 Machine shop products — — 359

51 Office, computing & accounting machines

51.01 Computing & related machines 3571

51.02 Typewriters - 3572

51.03 Scales & balances 3576

51. Oh Office machines, n.e.c 3579

52 Service industry machines

52.01 Automatic merchandising machines — -- 358l

52.02 Comrrercial laundry equipment 3582

52.03 Refrigeration machinery 3585

52. OU Measuring & dispensing pumps 3586

52.05 Service industry machines, n.e.c. 3589

53 Electric transmission & distribution equipment & electrical

industrial ar,rara:u:;

53»01 Electric measuring instruments 36ll

53.02 Transformers-- — 3612

53.03 Switchgear L switchboard apparatus 36l3

53-Ci* Mctors & generators 3621

53.05 Industrial controls 3622

53.06 Welding apparatus 3623

53.07 Carbon & graphite products 362U

53«08 Electrical industrial apparatus, n.e.c. — - 3629

5^ Household appliances

5^.01 Household ceokifig equipment 363I

5^.02 Household refri ;erators & freezers 3632

5l».03 Household laundry equipment 3633

5U.0U Electric housewares & fans * 363U

5^.05 Household vacuum cleaners ■ 3635

5i».0o Sewing machinos 3636

5I+.O7 Household appliances, n.e.c. 3639

55 Electric llfhtimg 't wiring equipment

55-01 Electric lamps 361*1

55.02 Lighting fixtures - - 361*2

55.03 Wiring devices 361*3, 36kk

56 Radio, television h CCTnuinicatlon equipnent

56.01 Radio & TV recei'/in,: sets 3651

56.02 Phonograph records 3652

56.03 Telephone i telegraph apparatus 3661

56. 0l* Radio & TV communication equipment 3662

57 Electronic components &• accessories

57-01 Electron tubes 367I, 3672, 3673

57.02 Seniconductcrs 367U

57*03 Electronic components, n.e.c- 3679

-31-

Industry number and title

Related SIC codes (1957 edition)

50 Miscellaneous electrical machinery, equipment & supplieo

58.01 Storage batteries 3691

58.02 Primary batteries, wet & dry 3692

58.03 X-rny r.ppirat.t;-! & tubes -3693

58.04 Engine cluctrlcal equipment 3694

58.05 Electrical equipment, n.e.c. — -— — — 3^99

59 Motor vehicles ft equipment

59.01 Truck & bus bodies - 3713

59.02 Truck trailers — — 3715

59.03 Motor vehicles & parts ■ 3717

60 Aircraft ft parts

60.01 Aircraft 3721

60.02 Aircraft engines & parts . 3722

60.03 Aircraft propellers & parts 3723

60.04 Aircraft equipment, n.e.c 3729

61 Other transportation equipment

61.01 Shipbuilding & repairina 3731

61.02 Boatbuilding 2; repairing ! 3732

61.03 Locomotives & parts 3741.

6l. Ok Railroad ft street cars 3742

61.05 Motorcycles, bicycles ft parts 3751

61.06 Trailer coaches 3791

61.07 Transportation equipment, n.e.c.-- 3799

62 Profession?.!, scientific ft controlling instruments ft supr.lies

62.01 Engineering & scientific instruments • 3&11

62.02 Mechanical coeasurinr; devices 3821

62.03 Automatic temperature controls -. 3822

62.04 Sureical ft medical instruments 38U1

62.05 Surgical appliances & supplies 3842

62.06 Dental equipment ft supplies 3SU3

62.07 Watches, clocks 8: parts 387

63 Optical, /3t->M6fl3Kict & photograph: c equipment ft supplies

63.01 Optical instruments & lenses 3^31

63.02 Ophthalmic goods - 3851

6°-03 Photographic equipment ft supplies 3861

64 Miscellar.eou." ~anuTacturln~

64.01 Jcvelry, inclutlins cos^use i silverware 391, 396l

64.02 Musical instruments ft parts — - 3931

64.03 Games, toys, etc - 39^1

64.04 Sporting ft athietic goods, n.e.c. 3949

64.05 Pens, pencils, etc 395

64.06 Artificial flowers - - 3962

64.07 Button^, needles, pins & fasteners 3963, 3964

64.08 Ercoais ft brushes 398l

64.09 Hard surface floor coverir.,3 39-2

64.10 Morticians goods 39&3

64.11 Signs ft advert! sin/3: displays 3993

64.12 Miscellaneous Manufactures, n.e.c— — 3983, 3984, 3987, 3995, 3999

-32-

Industry number and title

Related SIC codes (1957 edition)

TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNI CATION, ELECTRIC, CAS, & SANITARY SERVICES

65 Tr^.nr.r^rtntlon 'j ••archvvislu*

65.01 Railroads Sc related -trvicon- i»0, kjk

6^*02 Local, suburban <t interurban highway passenger

transportation — - 1»1

65.03 Motor freight trs.nsporta.tion & warehousing 1*2, 1*73

65. Ok Water transportation W*

65.05 Air transportation 1*5

65.06 Pipe line transportation 1*6

65.07 Transportation services — 1*7, except 1*73, kjk

66 Comurric.t lo:y "xcept radio ft television broadcasting

66.00 CoeeuuI cat ions, except radio u television *»8, except 1*83

67 R-dio ft TV rroadc-'v'-.frv;

67.00 Radio & television broadcasting 1*83

68 Electric, 7a s, water ft sanitary services

68.01 Electric utilities 1*91, pt. 1*93

68.02 Gas utilities— 1*92, pt. 1*93

68.03 Water & sanitary services l»9l*, 1+95, 1*96, 1*97, pt. 1*93

WHOLESALE ft RETAIL TRADE

69 Wholesale S- retail trade

69.01 Wholesale tradj -» 50 (except manufacturers *

sales offices)

69.02 Retail trade- -.- 52, 53, 51*, 55, 56, 57, 58,

59, 7396

FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE

70 Finance ft insurance

70.01 Banking 60

70.02 Credit agencies 6l, 67

70.03 Security & coiocodity brokers 62

70.04 Insurance carriers -- 63

70.05 Insurance agents ft brokers > — — — — 6h

71 Real estate ft rental

71.01 Ovmer-oecupied dwellings NA

71.02 Real estate - 65 (except pt. 6561), 66

SERVICES

72 Hotels & locg^ne, ylace?; personal ft repair services,

excent automol'i lg repair

72.01 Kotelfi ft lodging pieces 70

72.02 Personal L repair services, except auto repair,

barber, ft beauty shops 72 (except 723, 72U), 76

(except* 7694 ft pt. 7699)

72.03 Barber & beauty shops 723, T2k

73 Business Services

73*01 Miscellaneous business services 73 (except 732, 7396), 769I*,

pt. 7699 73*02 Advertising — 731

73*03 Miscellaneous professional services 3l, 8$ (except 8921)

-33-

Industry number and title

Related SIC codes (1957 edition)

Jh_ Research & ^o-re Torrent

74.00 Eliminated u;; a sur.nrute Industry in the 1963 etudy. Research Sc dcvolcnncnt performed for sale is dis- tributed to thu purchaser fay each of the inductriec performing the research & development.

75 Automobile ycreir t< s^rvlcpn

75«00 Automobile repair u. services— ——————— 75

76 Amur.errents

76.01 Motion pictures- — — 78

76.02 Amusement & recreation cervices— — — 79

77 E-edicn] , educational servicer, & nonrrcflt organizations

77.01 Doctors & dentists - 801, 802, 803, SOk

77.02 Hospitals 806l

77.03 Other medical & health services '• 0722, 807, 809

77.04 Educational services 82

77.05 Nonprofit organizations 84, 86, 8921

GOVERIIMENT ENTERPRISES

78 Federal Government enterprises

78.01 Fost Office -

78.02 Federal electric utilities

78.03 Commodity Credit Corporation

78.04 Other Federal Government enterprises — - — -

79 State & local government enterprises

79*01 Local government passenger transit — - — :

79«02 State &- local electric utilities

79.03 Other state & local government enterprises-

IMPOKTS

80 Grers ir.rorts of .roods & services

80.^1 Directly allocated imports

80.02 Transferred imports —

DIMMY. INDUSTRIES

81 Business travel, entertainment ?■: rifts

8l.00 Business travel, entertainment & gifts —

82 Office supplies

82.00 Office supplies

83 Scrap, used & secondhand goods

83.OO Scrap, used & secondhand £ocds —

SPECIAL IIDUSTRIES

84 Government industry

84.00 Government industry

85 Rest of the world industry

85.OO Rest of the vorld industry

86 Household industry

86.00 Household industry

-3k.

Industry number and title

Feinted GIC codes (1957 edition)

87 Inventory valuation odjur.tr.cnt 87*00 Inventory valuation adjustment — ----- - —

88.00 Total intermediate output -<

Person*! consurrpticn expenditures 96.60 Personal consumption expenditures — — -----—.

Gross private fixed capital formation 96.7O Gross private fixed capital formation —

Ket inventory change 96.8O Ket inventory change —

Ret exports 96.90 Net exports — — -•

Federal Governr.ent purchases

97«10 Federal Gover.v.ent purchases, defense

97*20 Federal Government purchases, other

State and local po-|rerr.-:ent purchases 98.6O State and local government purchn.ses, education- 98.7O State and local government purchases, health,

welfare and sanitation

98.80 State and local government purchases, safety

98.9O State and local government purchases, other

99.02 Total final demand

99.03 Total output

99.01 Transfers

I Total intermediate inputs ---

V.A. Value added ■

T Total inputs ■

TR Transfers

-35-

TABLE 2. SECTOR AGGREGATION SCHEME (368 to 1+2 sectors)

1+2	-LEVEL TITLE	368 -LEVEL SECTORS CONT
1.	COAL MINING	7.00
2.	CRUDE, GAS EXTRACT	8.00
3.	REFINED PETROL.	31.01 -
k.	ELEC. UTIL.	68.01
5.	GAS UTIL.	68.02
6.	AGRIC . , FORESTRY	1-1+
7.	OTHER MINING	5,6,9,10
8.	NEW, MAINT. CONSTRUCT.	11,12
9.	ORDNANCE	13
10.	FOOD, KINDRED PROD.	lU,15
11.	TEST, APPAREL	16-19
12.	LUMBER, WOOD, PAPER	20, 21, 2U, 25
13.	FURNITURE	22,23
lU.	CHEMICALS, PAINTS	27-30,31.02,31.03,32
15.	LEATHER, FOOTWEAR	33-31+
16.	STONE, CLAY, GLASS	35,36
IT.	PRIMARY METALS	37,38
18.	FABR. METAL PROD.	39-1+2
19.	HEAVY MACH.	1+3-50,52
20.	COMPUT. MACH.	51
21.	ELECT. EQUIPT.	53,55,58
22.	APPLIANCES	5l+,56,57
23.	MOTOR VEHICLES	59
2k.	OTHER TRANSP. EQPT.	60,61
25.	INSTRUMENTS	62,63
26.	MISC. MANUF.	61+
27.	RAIL TRANSP.	65.01
28.	LOCAL TRANSP.	65.02
29.	TRUCK WAREHSE.	65.03
30.	WATER TRANSP.	65.0U
31.	AIR TRANSP.	65.05
32.	PIPELINE TRANSP.	65.06
33.	TRANSP. SERVICES	65.07
3U.	PRINT, PUBLISHING	26,66,67
35.	WATER, SANIT. SERVICES	68.03
36.	W'SALE, RETAIL	69
37.	FINANCE	70-73
38.	AUTO REPAIR	75
39.	AMUSEMENTS	76
1+0.	MEDICAL, EDUC.	77
1+1.	GOV'T.	78,79
1+2.	MISC.	80-87

*When sectors are denoted by an integer, all sectors with that integer to left of decimal point are included. Thus ordnance, 13, contains 13.01-13.07

-36-

APPEND IX- A

CALCULATIONS FOR A SAMPLE PLANT

The method described earlier in this study will be applied to a plant which is assumed to purchase all its inputs needed to operate the plant from seven different sectors of the 367 level eaonomy . It is again assumed that 100 units of output were produced by this plant in 1974. Let the same plant purchase the following amount of inputs in 1974.

Sector Name	Sector No
COAL	1
ELECTRICITY	4
GLASS	151
STEEL	175
ELECTRIC MOTORS	257

Amount

150000 BTU

110000 BTU

10.5 $

31.5 $

14.5 $

An analysis in the accounting department of the plant has shown that the plant paid the following amount, for railroad transportation and wholesale trading in purchasing its inputs.

RAIL ($) WHOLESALE ($)

COAL 1.5 2.0

ELECTRICITY 0.0 0.0

GLASS 0.0 0.5

STEEL 1.0 1.5

EL. MOTORS 0.5 1.0

TOTAL

3.0

5.0

-37-

Hence, the plant has an imput purchase matrix, x, as shown below;

x =

150 000	BTU
110 000	BTU
10	$
29	$
13	$
3	$
5	$

where the last two rows are now the railroad transportation sector and the wholesale trade sector with sector numbers 320 and 330 respectively. The total energy coefficients of the seven input sectors can be selected from the national data prepared by CAC for the year 1967. Therefore, the total energy coefficient matrix for this plant is;

e =

1.0025 1.9336

19704.0

159600.0

26248.0

83 74.0

5912.4

0.0040 0.0023 0.0004 0.0016 1.0068

1.1797 0.3112 1.1078 0.8384 3.7963

78960.0 10886.0 7032.9 65866.0 103000.0

99796.0 26383.0 13030.0 70729.0 267430.0

32912.0 11020.0 5781.1 20977.0 62725.0

68235.0 55674.0 1593.8 10783.0 77592.0

28515.0 19702.0 1985.2 8021.0 35651.0

Similarly, the total labor coefficient matrix is;

L =

0.14278 0.26115 0.10453 0.83780 0.90575 0.85412 0.98654

10

10

10

10"

10

10

10

-10

-9

-3

-4

-4 -4

-38-

and the implicit price deflators (IPD) of the seven input sectors, based on the year 1958 (IPD = 100) for the years 1967 and 1974 are;

SECTOR NO

1 4 151 175 257 320 330

1967 IPE	> 1974 IPD
	Tl2.7~		~39.2~
	103.0		128.6
	109.7		129.7
	107.4		131.4
	102.5		113.4
	102.3		136.0
	98.5		111.3

RATI° (lilf)

0.80963 0.80093 0.84580 0.81735 0.90388 0.75221 0.88500

Now, all the input purchases will be deflated back to 1967 using the ratio between 1967 IPD'S and 1974 IPD'S. Hence, the deflated input purchases become

	121443.90	BTU
	88102.60	BTU
	8.45	$
DEFLATED =	23.70	$
	11.75	$
	2.25	$
	4.42	$

Then, total energy consumed in BTU by the plant by energy type will equal to

COAL

CRUDE OIL REF. PET. ELEC .

GAS

PRIM.ENERGT

x

DEF

= QT.459-107 0.380-107 0.108-107 0.546-106 0.261-107 0.873-107t

Energy intensity of the product by energy type can be obtained by dividing the total energy consumed by the total output of the plant. Hence, energy intensity matrix, in BTU/unit output, is

COAL ET4

CRUDE OIL REF. PET.

ELEC.

GAS

PRIM. ENERGY

0.459-105 0.380-105 0.108.105 0.546-104 0.261-105 0.873-105

-39-

Energy	input	coefficients, c	[iven by the	EQ. (5)	are
calculated as
	COAL	CRUDE OIL 0.01	REF.PET. 0.03	ELEC. 0.01	GAS 0.01	PRIM.ENERG
	1.40
COAL	2.65
ELEC.	3.71	2.73	2.52	17.87	2.83	3.83
GLASS	3.63	17.55	8.47	10.89	21.30	9.97
STEEL	82.32	62.17	57.50	56.54	64.14	72.55
EL. MOTORS	6.71	10.16	11.91	12.43	9.43	8.44
RAIL	0.41	4.05	11.55	0.66	0.93	2.00
WHOLESALE	0.57	3.32	8.02	1.61	1.36	1.81
	.00.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
TOTAL ]	100.00

It is know that 121443.9 BTU equivalent of coal and 88102.62 BTU equivalent of electricity entered directly into the plant. Then, percentage of the coal energy entered directly becomes;

% Direct coal =4590000 [q * 100-0 = 2.64

and similarly for electricity;

3800000.0

% Direct electricity = , °°'^'° x 100.0 = 16.13

Direct primary energy input is:

0/ r.- ^ • (121443.9+88102.62) , __ n 0 . _

u/0 Direct primary energy = -1 8730000 0 100.0=2.40

Hence, the plant has the following direct and indirect energy inputs

	COAL	CRUDE	REF.PET.	ELEC.	GAS	PRIM. EN.
DIRECT	r~2.64	0.0	0.0	16.13	0.0	2.4~o|
INDIRECT	97.36	100.0	100.0	83.87	100.0	97.601

Similar calculations can be easily done for total labor analysis of the same plant. From reference [7], it is found that output per man-hour in manufacturing sector has increased to 129.2 in 1974 from 100.0 in 1967. Hence, the productivity index is equal to 1.292. The total labor put into the production in 1974, then, becomes

1.292 - (xT . L) = 0.005928 man-year DEFLATED

-1+0-

Labor intensity is equal to the total labor divided by the total output. Thus,

Labor intensity = 0.592 8>10~ man-year/unit output

The calculated labor input coefficients are;

COAL	0.04
ELECTRICITY	0.50
GLASS	19.27
STEEL	43.28
ELEC. MOTORS	23.20
RAIL	4.20
WHOLESALE	9.51
TOTAL	100.00

_J

-111-

APPENDIX B

A SAMPLE PROGRAM

$ JCB

1 DIMENSION NUil (SO ) . KLN| 7 )

2 rZJZTP. SN(7 4,5.2),RSN1(42) .NGN 2(42) . SN 1 ,SN2

2 UtAL*a SN3< 3) »SN4( 3 )

4 INTEGER SL C ( 3 5 7 ) , S I O ( 357 ) , NRG I NT ( 5 ) , I NTL E S ( 6 )

5 RLAL*4 CEN( O ) . INO( C )

6 i(tA L*4 T I NT ( 7 ) ,C(J57),lPr.6 7(357),lRD74( 35 7 ) , CL cC ( 35 7,o ) lDEF(357).P(357),PLPC<J5 7,7),RSYST(42,7),CLLC(j>b7>

7 NN= 1

£ DU 301 1=1,12

9 RLAC(S,30C) RSN 1 ( I ) ,HSN2 ( I )

10 300 FORMAT ( ?A6)

11 30 1 COM INUE

12 REAC(5.66C) ( I P067 ( I ) » I = 1 , 35 7 )

13 REAC(C,660) ( I P C 74 ( I ) , I = 1 , 357 )

14 f.60 FORMAT ( 36 ( 1 C (F ti .2 ) / ) ) If DO 67 1=1,357

_1 6 REAK5, 1 C ) 3EC(I).SIO(I),(CtEC(I,J),J=l.'S)

17 10 FURMAT(I^.lX,I4,f_12.5>

lc 67 ClMIMe

19 DU 63 1 = 1 ,74

20 R E A I. (5.20) ( ( ? N( I . J ,K) ,K=I .^ ) . J=l . 5 )

2 1 2 0 FQhVAl (lOAfj)

22 6£ CONTINUE

23 RE AD (5, 35) ( CL nC. ( I ) , I = I , 35 7 )

_2A 35 F 0_ __._(_ 0 (6 ( El 2,7. 1 X )/ ) )

25 READ(5 , 19 )SN3( 1 ) ,SN4( 1 ) ,SN3( 2 ) ,SN4 (2 ) ,SN3(3 ) ,SN4( J )

26 1 9 FORMAT (6AcJ )

27 LL = 0

2E 77 H--LL+1 ,

25 REAU(5,333) NO SEC , £M . SN2 , ( NRG I NT ( J ) , J - 1 , c ) , CU T PUT

30 333 F JRMAT ( 15 ,2 Ae ,6 17, F 17 . 1 )

3 1 DO 44 M= 1 , 42

32 REAC(5.41) (h5YST(M,I),l=1.6)

33 41 FORMAT ( 6F5. 2 )

34 44 CONTINUE

35 PRINT 545 .NCSECSN 1 ,bN2

_3 6 545 FORMAT (' 1 ', 37X . ' SECTUR',15.' = ' , ? A 8 t / )

3 7 IF(NN.EG.l) PRINT 54 6

3£ 546 FORMAT ( 35X, • lvfj7 NATIONAL AVERAGE ENERGY FLOW ',//)

39 PR I NT 1 10

40 110 FCPMAT(' ', UX , 1 3H INPUT bE C I CR S . 8X , 5h COAL . 7X . SHCRUuE . 5 X , 7 F REF PbT

1 , bX,4HELEC, 7x . <*HGA S , 3X , 1 1 hPR I M ENERGY,/)

4 1 DO 202 I- 1 ,42

42 PRINT 109, RSN1 ( I ) , RSM2 ( I ) , (RSYSM I ,K ) ,K = 1 ,6 )

4 3 109 FORMAT(* ' . 10 X . 2 AH . 6 ( 6X . F 5 « 2 ) )

4 4 20 2 CONTINUE

45 PR I NT 400

46 40 C FORMAT (• • , 2 7X , 6 ( b X , 6H ))

47 PRINT 401

4fcJ 401 F0PMAT(« • , 1 0 X , 6HT C 1 AL 3 . 1 0 X . 6 ( 6 X . 5 F 1 0 C . 0 ) )

4 9 PRINT 302

5C 302 FORMAT ( 1 OX, 99( 1H*) )

_5_ PRINT 303

52 303 FORMAT!' • . 10X , 1 6HE NERGY INTENSITY)

53 PKINT 304 ,( NRGINT( J ) , J= 1 ,6 )

54 304 FORMAT!* • , 1 2X , 1 2H ( OTU/ 1 96 7 I ) ,?X.6(4X, 17 ) ,/ )

__5 4 CONT INUE

5 6 0 0 4 9 1=1,7 57 TINT( I ) = 0 .0

-k2-

58 59 60 61

49

DO 49 M=l,42 R5YST ( M , I ) = 0.0 CONTINUE

TP=0.0

62 63 64 6 5

"7T 75 76 77 78 79 80 81

DO 644 K= 1,357

P( K )-0.0

DO 644 1=1.7

PhfiC(K, I )-0.0

66 644 CONTINUE

67 NSfcC=0

68 179 NSEC=NSEC+1

69 RFAD(S.e) NOM< NSEC ) ,C(NSEC )

7 C 6 FJhMAT ( I 3 , 6 X ,tl6.c )

7 1 IF(hUV(NSEC).£C.O) GC

72 GO TO 179

73 160 NStC=NSEC-l

TO 1 80

L= P(

TP CO SI DO DO

6S8- SUM ( K L )=IP = TP + P NT INU N T t •■= T

ei j

82 K

K = 1 , NSLC

)

D6 7(

(L )* E

P/OU = 1 ,( = 1 ,N

658

L)/ IPC74 (L CL3C( L) * 1 .

ITPUT

lSt:C

)+C(K ) 295

82		L=NUM(K )
83		TIM(J) = TINT(J>+P(L)*CEiiC(L.J>
34	82	CONT INUE
85		NRGINT(J)=TINT(J)/CUTPOT
86	81	CONTI NUE
87		DO 83 J = 1 .7
ea		DO 83 1=1 ,NSEC
89		K=NUM( I )
90		IKJ.FC.7) GO TO 7
91		PEkC(K,J)=P(K)*CEE.C(K,J)/TINT(J)*100.0
92		IF ( J.NE. 7) GO TO 17
93	7	Pt"RC(K,J)-f'(K)*CLoC{K)*1.2^?/TP*100.0

94	17 CONTINUE
95	IF (K .EG. 1 ) FbYST ( 1 , J )=Pr kC <K.J)+kSYbT(l.J)
96	IF(K.EC.2 > RSY3T(2 * J) -PtkC (K, J 1+kbYSl ( 2, J )
97	IF(K.EC.3) HSY3T (j ,J)=PFFC(K,J)+RSYST(3,J)
98	IF(K.EO.'t) RSY3T(4 , J }=PEP.C (K.J)+i5bYST(4,J)
9 9	IF (K.fc C.5 ) NSYST<5,J)-Pt«C(K,J)*KSYST(5.J)
100	IF (K.GE.6.AND.K.LE . 17)RSYST(6, J )=PERC( K, J)+RSYS1"(6, J )
10 1	IF ( K .GE . 1 b. ANO .K .L. t . 22 ) k	SY3T( 7,J)=PLKC(K,J)tKSYbT(7,J)
102	IF(K.GE.23.AND.K.LF.29) RSYST(8,J)=PERC(K,j)+koYST(b,J)
103	IF(K.GL.30.ANU.K.I_c.3 6) kSYST(9.J)=PERC(K.J)+>VoYbl (9, J)
104	I F ( K .Gt . 3 7. ANC .< ,LE .7C ) k	SYST( 10,J)-PLwC(K,J) + KiYjI( 10. J)
105	IF (K .GE.7 1 . AND . K .L t .9 I ) r<	5YST( I 1 ,J) = PERC(K,J) + RbYST( i 1 ,J]
loe	IF (K .GE .9 2.AND.K.LE..1C1) RbYST( 12.J)=PtWC(K,J) + ni>Ybr(l^,JJ
107	IF(K.GE.113.AN0.K.Lt.l20)	R S YS T ( 1 2 . J ) = PEfc C ( K * J ) FKS YST ( 1 i. ,	J )
108	IF (K .GE . 1 0<£ .ANu .N.LE. 112)	RSYST( 13. J)=PERC(K.J )+hSYS1 ( Un	J )
109	IF(K.GE. 129.AKC.K..LF.146)	RSYSTI 14, J )=PERC(K ,J )+kSYST( 14,	J )
1 1 0	IF (K.GE.147.ANC.K.LE.150)	RSYST (15. J) = P6KC(K,J )+I<bYST( 15,	J )
1 1 1	IF (K.GE. 151 .AND.K.Lt • 1 74 )	r)SYST( 16 , J ) = PERC ( K , J ).+ k jYbT ( It.,	J )
1 12	IF(K.GF.175.ANC.K.LE.183)	RbYST<17.J)=PERC(K,J)+rSYbl ( 17,	J )
1 1 3	IF(K.GF.18 4.ANC.K.LE.216)	RSYST ( 18 « J )-PERC(K , J )+P5YST ( lb.	J )
1 14	IF(K.GE.217.ANC.K.LE. .24 4)	RSYST(14»J)=PEWC(K.J)4-kbYST( 19,	J )
1 IE	1F(K.GE.245.AN0.K.LL.^5 3)	KjYi.I(20,J)=PtKC(K,J)+loYST(20i	J )
1 16	IF <K.Gr.254.ANU.K.Lt .26 1 )	RSYST (2 1 • J)=PFRC(K, J )+R3 YST i.d.1 .	J )
117	lF(K.GE.269.ANi:.K.Lt-.2b3)	RSYST(21 • J )=PERC(K, J ) +k jYST( 21 i	J)
1 18	IF(K.GE.2 6 2.ANC.K.LE.26 3)	RSYST (22, J)=PERC(K, j )+PSYST(22.	J )
119	IF (K.GE.2 8 4.ANC.K.LL .290)	RSYST(23,J)=PEkC(K,J >+P.SYSI (23.	J )
120	IF (K.GE. 291 .ANC.K.Lh .29 7)	RSYST(24,J)=PERC(K.J)+kSYST(24,	1)
12 1	IF (K.GE.2 98.AND.K.LF.30 6)	PS YST ( 25, J)=PEPC(K,J )+f- 3 YSI ( 2f-,	J )
122	IF(K.GE.307.AND.is.Lt .319)	l<SYST(26,J)=PFKC(K,J)+HoYSl{2c.	J )
123	IF (K.EQ.3^0 ) RbYST (27, J)=PLhC(K. J )+HSYST( 27. J)
124	IF (K. EG. 321 ) kSYST (?fl,J)=PERC ( K, J) + KSYSf (2£ . J)
125	IF(K.EQ.322) RSY5T(29.J)=PERC(K,J)+KSYST(29,J)
12fc	IF (K. EG. 3 2 3 ) KSYST (30,J)=PEKC( K, J )+HSYST(30 , J)
127	IF (K. EG. 324) f!SYST(3l,J) = PE«C(K,J)+RSYST(31,J)

-U3-

lie

129 1J0 13 1

12? 133 134 135

IF (K.

IF(K. IF (K.

if ( k .

EC. 3

FQ.3 GL. I

EO.J

201 26 ) Z\ . 29 )

U S'Y S T

PSYST

A N f") . K .

R SYSI

IF(K. IF(K.. IF (K.

if (k.

GF.3 GE.3

E O . 3 EQ.3

30 . 32 . 45 )

17)

AND . K.

a n r; . K. . KSYST PSYST

(32, J (3r*. J

LF . 12 (35. J Lf .33 LF .33 (38. J ( 39 , J

)=I»ERC(K, J)+«SYST<32. J J

)=PERC(K,J>+RSYST(JJ,J)

cO f'SYSr(34iJ)=Pr.K!C(K,J)t-hjYbII3t,J)

) -HEKCiK ,J)+RSYbT(3 5.J)

LL .35 LE.3t; ( 42, J

I ) RSYST(36,J)=PEWC(K,J)+hSYSI (36. J) 9 ) foybT(37,J)=PLKC(K,J)tKbVSl(3/,J) )=PL«C(K, J ) +RSYST138« J) )=PERC( K . J)+RSYST(39» J)

SYbT(40.J)=PF.RC(K.J)+hjYST(*0.J)

136 137 138 139

63

IF (K. IF (K. IF (K .

CCM I

GF.3 Gt .3 GL .3

NUt

46 . 63 . 56 )

ANU.N.

AND. K.

KSYST

1 ) 6) « )=PE

SYST(41 ,J )=PtRC (K ,J )+. RC(K,J)+RSY5T(42.J)

YSI ( 4 1 . J )

[EC

156 157

15a

159 16C 161 U2

.5

I )/T INT ( 1 ) < 100.0

0.0-UEN( 1 )

(1)+P(2)+P(3)+P(4)+P(5))/TINT(6)*100.0 0 .0-DtN (6 )

5 ♦ SM3 (LL ) ♦ SN4(LL )

•1,.30X,« LNEKGY AND LAECR ANALYSIS LF

• .2Ao ./ )

420 421

PR INT FOPWA PR INT Fut-VA

420 T ( •

421 T ( '

• » 1 1 X , 1 3h INPU1 SECTORS .6X . 5h C 0 AL . 7 X . bHCn U Lit . o X • 7 F i< tt- PET

C .7X.4HGA3 i3a,1 IHPRII-: ENFhGY.oX.5HL AfcitH , / )

1 .42

. RSNl(l),hSN2(l).(RSYST(I,K),K=l,7)

• , 10X ,2Ab,6(6X,F5.2).7X,Fb.2)

• .27X ,6(5X ,6H ) . 6 > .6H )

«.10X.6HTCTALS.10X.6(6X,5F100.0).7X.SF1C^.Q)

PRINT 302

PRINT 303

PRINT 304 , ( NRG INT ( J > . J=l .6 )

PPINT 500

163 50C FORMAT ( 1 1 X . t 1 FitNuKGY LStL, DIRECTLY AND INOIhECTi_Y( /.

lUfcL TYPE) )

164 PHINT f 02 . ( LEN ( I ) , 1 = 1 .6) 165 502 FORMAT ( ' ' . 1 0 X . 3 H U IFLCTLY.6X.6(6X.F5.2) ),

166 167

i6e

169

UF 1UTAL -Y F

503 70C

PR INT FORMA PR INT FORMA

f 03 T ( •

700 T ( '

( INU( I ) ,1 = 1.6)

• , 10X ,lChINDIRLCTLY,6X,6(5X,F6.2) ./)

• , I OX . 15HLAHGR INTENSITY)

170 171 172 173

PR I NT 701.SINTS

701 FORMAT<» «, 10X .• (MAN- YEAR/ 1967 S ) • , 4 X , E 1 2 . 6 ) PRINT 64 , SN3(LL ) ,SN4( LL ) 54 FO P V AT ( » 1 ' , IPX , ' INPUT PURCHASES bF TFL « . 2AB.//)

174 175

:54

PR INT FORMA

554 T(0X,«SECT. NC« ,4X, • SECTOR NA ME • , 1 5 X , » PLKCHAbt ( $ ) • ./ )

176 177

176 _17 9

NJ=1 N= 1 DO 5 1 DO 51

1=1 .72

J=l .5

180 161

182 IfcLL

52

IF(N.GT.357) GO TO 51

IF (N.NE .NUM (NJ ) ) GL TO 53

PR INT 52,olC(N).(oN(I,J,K),K=l,2),C(NJ)

FORMAT(' ',10X.I4,SX,2AS,dX,E16.e)

164 185 166 167 168 189 190 19 1 192

53 51

5f

NJ=NJ+ 1 N=N+ 1 CONTINUE IF (LL .NE. 2)

GO TO 7 7

PR INT se FORMAT ( • 1

COM INUE

STCP

END

)

$ E N T R Y

-kk-